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2,313,400 | SAG/ROC/Rbx/Hrt, a zinc RING finger gene family: molecular cloning, biochemical properties, and biological functions. | The RING (really interesting new gene) finger proteins containing a characteristic C3HC4 or C3H2C3 motif appear to act as E3 ubiquitin ligase and play important roles in many processes, including cell-cycle progression, oncogenesis, signal transduction, and development. This review is focused on SAG/ROC/Rbx/Hrt (sensit... |
2,313,401 | [Estrogens and risks for onset of atherosclerosis]. | There are many evidences suggesting that estrogens prevent atherosclerosis and its consequences such as coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. The risk for CHD is less in premenopausal women when compared with age-matched men, but the protective effect of estrogens is lost with menopause. A part of this beneficial effe... |
2,313,402 | Oral symptoms at menopause--the role of hormone replacement therapy. | A questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of self-assessed sensations of painful mouth (PM) and dry mouth (DM) in menopause-aged women. Special attention was paid to the association of the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oral symptoms. Our hypothesis was that women using HRT have fewer oral s... |
2,313,403 | Performance of UASB reactor treating leachate from acidogenic fermenter in the two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste. | This study was conducted to investigate the performance of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating leachate from acidogenic fermenter in the two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was consistently over 96% up to the loading rates of 15.8 g CO... |
2,313,404 | COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism predicts perimenopausal and early postmenopausal spinal bone loss. | Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis but the genes that determine susceptibility to poor bone health are defined incompletely. Previous work has shown that a polymorphism that affects an Spl binding site in the COLIA1 gene is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and a... |
2,313,405 | Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance. Subtyping as a predictor of outcome. | To determine whether subtyping of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) cervical smears into reactive process favored (AGUS-RPF) and not otherwise specified (AGUS-NOS) correlates with rates of underlying pathology.</AbstractText>We performed a retrospective chart review of 129,676 routine Pap sme... |
2,313,406 | The effects of hydraulic retention time and loading rate on brewery wastewater treatment using sequencing batch reactors. | Four laboratory-scale suspended-growth aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were used to study the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and loading rate on the treatment of brewery wastewater. Factorial experiments and response surface analysis were carried out to explore the optimal operating conditions. A max... |
2,313,407 | The concentration of galanin in postmenopausal women before and after application of hormone replacement therapy compared to women of reproductive age. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause exerts an essential impact on neuroendocrine regulation within the hypothalamic-pituitary system. The sex steroids, especially estrogens, are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, such as galanin, neuropeptide Y, the opioid... |
2,313,408 | Clinical ability of Heidelberg retinal tomograph examination to detect glaucomatous visual field changes. | To determine the agreement between Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT; Heidelberg Instruments, Heidelberg, Germany) and visual field examinations in differentiating normal from glaucomatous eyes and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of HRT optic disc examination in detecting eyes with glaucomatous damage.</Abs... |
2,313,409 | [Reasons for the change in HRT therapy from the perspective of women. Results of the German Cohort Study on Women's Health]. | Acceptance and reasons for changing the HRT play an important role against the background of the efficiency of the therapy and increasing life expectancy. Women in developed, industrialized countries live about one-third of their lives in the peri- and postmenopausal phases.--The frequency of switching and the reasons ... |
2,313,410 | Effects of a short-term suspension of hormone replacement therapy on mammographic density. | To evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and of a short-term suspension of HRT on mammographic density.</AbstractText>Prospective clinical study.</AbstractText>Outpatient menopausal clinic of the Second University of Naples.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Ninety... |
2,313,411 | Additive effect of alfacalcidol on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in Taiwanese postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplementation: a randomized 2-year study. | To evaluate the effect of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplement.</AbstractText>A randomized, prospective 2-year clinical trial.</AbstractText>A total of 240 postmenopausal women were enrolled with randomi... |
2,313,412 | Hormone replacement therapy may improve hepatic function in women with Turner's syndrome. | Women with Turner's syndrome (TS) have recently been shown to be at an increased risk of developing chronic liver disease. There has been some concern that oestrogen replacement therapy may exacerbate hepatic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess hepatic function in women with TS and to determine the effect ... |
2,313,413 | A population-based cohort study of HRT use and breast cancer in southern Sweden. | The overall tumour incidence and breast cancer incidence related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were followed in a population-based cohort of 29 508 women, aged 25-65 when interviewed in 1990-92. By the end of the follow up in December 1999, there were 226 611 person-years of observation. A total of 1145 malignan... |
2,313,414 | Anaerobic biotransformation and methane generation potential of cheese whey in batch and UASB reactors. | Anaerobic treatability and methane generation potential of cheese whey were determined in batch reactors. Furthermore, the effect of nutrient and trace metal supplementation on the batch anaerobic treatment, and the high-rate anaerobic treatability of cheese whey in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were ... |
2,313,415 | [Clinical evaluation of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II]. | To evaluate the usefulness of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) II prototype, which is an easily handled model for routine optic disc examination in glaucoma clinics.</AbstractText>Ten eyes of 10 normal volunteers and 18 eyes of 18 open-angle glaucoma patients followed at Gifu University were studied. The reproducibili... |
2,313,416 | Menopausal syndrome in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | Abstract This study was performed to assess the relationship between joint symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and symptoms in menopausal syndrome. Detailed analyses of the clinical course, laboratory data, joint symptoms, and symptoms of menopausal syndrome were performed for five patients with stage I and monocycli... |
2,313,417 | Estrogenic activity of two standardized red clover extracts (Menoflavon) intended for large scale use in hormone replacement therapy. | Isoflavones are the most potent estrogenic compounds in red clover extracts. Standardized extracts have been discussed as an alternative for hormone replacement therapy. Variation due to extraction procedure and natural seasonal variation and variations originating from agricultural conditions have prevented the large ... |
2,313,418 | Determinants of hormone replacement therapy duration among postmenopausal women with intact uteri. | To investigate factors associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) duration among postmenopausal women with intact uteri.</AbstractText>A Cox proportional hazard model on time to HRT discontinuation is estimated for 2,632 postmenopausal HRT users with intact uteri who began a new episode of treatment between Janu... |
2,313,419 | Women's responses to a mailed hormone replacement therapy workbook. | Effectively communicating information about the complex decisions that face women at midlife, including whether to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT), is an ongoing challenge. Although numerous decision-making tools exist, few have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to examine women's use of a workbook ... |
2,313,420 | Complete resolution of metastatic breast cancer by withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy. | We report the case history of a patient with a known history of locally recurrent breast cancer, who developed metastatic disease while taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). She underwent complete radiographic resolution of disease with no treatment other than cessation of the HRT. |
2,313,421 | Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on bone metabolism in young adults with beta-thalassemia major. | The aim of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effects of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on a population of young thalassemics in order to understand better the role of hypogonadism in the balance of bone metabolism. Markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in 40 young patient... |
2,313,422 | Changes in sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, and serum lipids in postmenopausal women on a low-fat, high-fiber diet combined with exercise. | Dietary factors including fat and fiber have been reported to play a role in the development of breast cancer, possibly mediated by changes in estradiol. Diet and exercise have been shown to affect levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which in turn regulate the bioavailability of estradiol. Diet and exercise ... |
2,313,423 | Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: utilization of health care resources by new users.<Pagination><StartPage>318</StartPage><EndPage>326</EndPage><MedlinePgn>318-26</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To determine health care resource use by new po... | Efficacy of combined treatment (203 patients) and surgical treatment (200 patients) alone was analyzed. In combined treatment either radiation therapy (RT) in the dose 20 Gy over 5 days (group 1) or hypoxyradiotherapy (HRT) in the same doses but in combination with hypoxia (10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen--hypoxic gas mixt... |
2,313,424 | [Hormone replacement and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis]. | For many years, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been regarded as one of the most reliable means of prophylaxis and treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. As HRT ameliorates menopausal symptoms, it is widely prescribed among early postmenopausal women. A variety of different modes of replacement that suit each... |
2,313,425 | A study of the psychological status and sexuality in middle-aged Bulgarian women: significance of the hormone replacement therapy (HRT). | The psychoemotional and sexual status of Bulgarian urban postmenopausal women 10 years after the beginning of the period of extensive political, social, economic and cultural transitions was studied.</AbstractText>Three hundred and thirty-two postmenopausal women (83.5% in natural menopause and 16.5% in surgical menopa... |
2,313,426 | Attitudes to menopause and hormone replacement therapy among Asian and Caucasian women general practitioners. | To look for any differences in attitudes to menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) between Asian and Caucasian women standardised for educational background, socio-economic status and access to medical information.</AbstractText>Self administered postal questionnaire sent to 144 women doctors (general practiti... |
2,313,427 | Prospective evaluation of body weight and body fat distribution in early postmenopausal women with and without hormonal replacement therapy. | In order to assess the effects of menopause and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on body weight and body fat distribution (determined by dual energy X-ray), early postmenopausal women were given either oral calcium (500 mg/day, control group, n=13) or HRT, a combination of estradiol valerate (EV, 2 mg/day for 21 days... |
2,313,428 | Menopause, hormone replacement therapy and cancer. | To comparatively review available evidence on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and cancer.</AbstractText>Qualitative literature review.</AbstractText>Most potential favorable and adverse effects on cancer risk of HRT are restricted to current users. On the basis of observational epidemiological data, the RR of breast ... |
2,313,429 | Bone mineral density response to estrogen replacement in frail elderly women: a randomized controlled trial. | Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an established approach for osteoporosis prevention, little is known about the osteoprotective effects of HRT in frail elderly women.</AbstractText>To determine whether HRT increases bone mineral density (BMD) in frail elderly women.</AbstractText>Randomized, double-blind, ... |
2,313,430 | Hormone replacement therapy and longitudinal changes in blood pressure in postmenopausal women. | The incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women exceeds that in age-matched men. Longitudinal studies relating hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to blood pressure changes are sparse.</AbstractText>To investigate the association between HRT and longitudinal changes in blood pressure in postmenopausal women.</Abstr... |
2,313,431 | [Removal of NH4(+)-N from polluted water resources by bioremediation of biofilm process with elastic packing & micropore aerator]. | The effect of NH4(+)-N removal in the polluted raw water of water sources by the bioremediation action of the biocontact oxidation process with the elastic packing and micropore aerator was studied in this paper. The research results showed the bioremediation process can reach a removal ratio of 64%-95% for NH4(+)-N of... |
2,313,432 | Role of middle T-small T in the lytic cycle of polyomavirus: control of the early-to-late transcriptional switch and viral DNA replication. | A comparative analysis of the lytic cycle of wild-type polyomavirus and middle T and small T defective mutants was carried out in the A2 genetic background. The results contrast with those obtained in comparisons between the hr-t type and their middle-T small-T-producing partners as previously described (20). The A2-de... |
2,313,433 | Low-dosage esterified estrogens opposed by progestin at 6-month intervals. | To estimate incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, vaginal bleeding, and menopausal symptoms in women who changed from standard monthly cyclic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to half-strength estrogen opposed by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at 6-month intervals.</AbstractText>We identified 138 women aged 55-75 ye... |
2,313,434 | SAG/ROC2/Rbx2/Hrt2, a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase: genomic structure, a splicing variant, and two family pseudogenes. | We have recently cloned and characterized an evolutionarily conserved gene, Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene (SAG), which encodes a redox-sensitive antioxidant protein that protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents. The SAG protein was later found to be the second family member of ROC/Rbx/Hrt, a component of the... |
2,313,435 | Nitrogen, phosphorous, and organic carbon removal in simulated wetland treatment systems. | Effects of vegetation, wastewater drawdown, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and media depth on removal of nitrogen, phosphorous, and organic carbon in microcosms were investigated. Synthetic wastewater was added daily to 28 microcosms, and effluent was sampled every 12 days for 132 days. Effluent was analyzed for ammon... |
2,313,436 | ACOG Practice Bulletin no. 28: Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists. Use of botanicals for management of menopausal symptoms. | Lack of confidence in the espoused benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) coupled with a significant array of side effects of HRT, results in fewer than 1 in 3 women choosing to take HRT. The use of alternatives to conventional HRT has become more accessible and acceptable to many women. As more women choose the... |
2,313,437 | Is hormone replacement therapy protective for venous ulcer of the lower limbs? | Estrogen has been found to increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is associated with venous ulcers. A matched case-control study was therefore performed to quantify the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the occurrence of venous ulcers of the lower limbs.</AbstractText>Women presenting to a ... |
2,313,438 | A packed-bed fungal bioreactor for the continuous decolourisation of azo-dyes (Orange II). | The degradation of an azo dye, Orange II, by immobilised Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a continuous packed bed bioreactor for periods longer than 30 days has been carried out. Nearly complete decolourisation (>95%) was achieved when working at a high dye load rate of 0.2 g x l(-1) x d(-1), a temperature of 37 degre... |
2,313,439 | Norgestimate. From the laboratory to three clinical indications. | This review of preclinical studies and clinical trials of efficacy and safety examines the relation between structure and function in the norgestimate (NGM) molecule, describes the pharmacologic characteristics of NGM and evaluates clinical experience with NGM in oral contraception (OC), treatment of hyperandrogenism i... |
2,313,440 | [Estrogen therapy in climacteric. Current views in an evidence-based perspective]. | In Sweden, approximately 65,000 women enter menopause each year. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the treatment of climacteric symptoms is well documented, but the role of HRT in the prevention of other diseases is more questionable. The existing literature is discussed from an evidence-based perspective. There is... |
2,313,441 | The SHARON-Anammox process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater. | The treatment of ammonium rich wastewater, like sludge digester effluent, can be significantly improved when new biotechnological processes are introduced. In this paper, the combination of a partial nitrification process (SHARON) and anoxic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process for the treatment of ammonia rich influen... |
2,313,442 | Hormone replacement therapy use and menopausal symptoms among women participating in a behavioral lifestyle intervention. | The decision to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a choice many women encounter when entering menopause. The purpose of this study was to examine the choice to take HRT while participating in a lifestyle intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk through the menopause.</AbstractText>The Women's Healthy Lifestyl... |
2,313,443 | Assessing the role of oestrogen in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. | Coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women around the world, and interest is high in discovering the best treatments and methods of prevention for this disease. For many years, it appeared that one such treatment could be oestrogen, because of its beneficial effects on the vascula... |
2,313,444 | Oesophageal cancer in women: tobacco, alcohol, nutritional and hormonal factors. | We analysed 3 case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland including 114 women with squamous cell oesophageal cancer and 425 controls. The multivariate odds ratio was 4.5 for heavy smoking and 5.4 for heavy alcohol drinking. Fruit intake, vegetable intake, oral contraceptive and HRT use were inversely related to oes... |
2,313,445 | Use of hydrophobic membranes to supply hydrogen to sulphate reducing bioreactors. | This paper reports on the application of hydrophobic membranes to supply the gaseous substrates hydrogen/carbon dioxide (H2/CO2) to a sulphate reducing bioreactor. For this, two flat 0.016 m2 sheets of flouroplast microporous (0.45 microm) membranes were inserted in a 3.6 dm3 bioreactor for the supply of H2/CO2 gas as ... |
2,313,446 | The effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. | Postmenopausal women with diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. Combined continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with improvements in serum lipoprotein levels in nondiabetic women; however, the effect in women with diabetes has not been de... |
2,313,447 | Oestrogen and selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs): current roles in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. | Post-menopausal oestrogen replacement therapy (HRT) is the agent of choice for restraint of post-menopausal bone loss. In numerous observational, and in a few intervention studies, it has been shown to reduce osteoporotic fractures. However, in order to be effective treatment has to be carried on long term. This is a t... |
2,313,448 | Positive correlation between circulating leptin levels and lipid lipoproteins in postmenopausal women administered hormone replacement therapy. | Beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy are reported on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins. Plasma leptin levels are reported to reflect lipid metabolism. We treated 40 healthy postmenopausal women with continuous combined HRT (0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone a... |
2,313,449 | The effects of the flow pattern on organic oxidation and nitrification in aerated submerged biofilters. | Previous research has shown that a submerged biofilter is effective in removing organic matter and total organic nitrogen. Upflow and downflow biofilters were set up to investigate the different oxidative efficiencies on organic matter and ammonia nitrogen of different biofilter positions and to compare the biological ... |
2,313,450 | [Compliance of hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women]. | The effectiveness of a given treatment is only achieved with a due compliance. Our objective was to know the compliance degree of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopausal women.</AbstractText>A descriptive observational study was carried out in three hospitals in the Valencia Community (Spain). We included menop... |
2,313,451 | Hormone-related headache. | The normal female life cycle is associated with hormonal milestones including menarche, pregnancy, OC use, menopause, and the use of HRT. Menarche marks the onset of menses and cyclic changes in hormone levels. Pregnancy is associated with rising noncyclic levels of sex hormones. Menopause is associated with declining ... |
2,313,452 | Oestrogen, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in women: Epidemiological studies on menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | What part menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) play in the risk of cardiovascular disease in women after middle-age is still debated. The associations between menopause, HRT and cardiovascular disease as well as atherosclerosis were examined in a large cohort study. Our results suggest menopause has an unfav... |
2,313,453 | Effects of androgen supplementation of hormone replacement therapy on the vascular reactivity of cerebral arteries. | To determine the effect of the androgen supplementation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the vascular reactivity of cerebral arteries.</AbstractText>Open randomized study.</AbstractText>Healthy volunteers in an academic research environment.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Fo... |
2,313,454 | Oral contraceptive use in relation to age at menopause in the DOM cohort. | We investigated the hypothesis that long-term use of oral contraceptives (OCs), in particular high-dose OCs, could postpone age at menopause.</AbstractText>Data was used from 8701 women who participated in a breast cancer screening programme in Utrecht (DOM-3 cohort), and who did not use hormone replacement therapy (HR... |
2,313,455 | Comparison between 1 year oral and transdermal oestradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate on circulating concentrations of leptin in postmenopausal women. | Oral and transdermal postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects lipid and glucose metabolism differently, which is of significance in the release of leptin by adipocytes. Moreover, oestrogen and progesterone can stimulate leptin secretion in women of reproductive age. Therefore, we compared the effects of... |
2,313,456 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled study. | An age-related decline in muscle performance is a known risk factor for falling, fracture and disability. In women, a clear deterioration is observed from early menopause. The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in preserving muscle performance is, however, unclear. This trial examined the effects of a 12-month... |
2,313,457 | The effect of 17beta-estradiol on production of cytokines in cultures of peripheral blood. | Estrogen's action on bone may be mediated by cytokines produced by monocytes. We have reported a decreased ratio of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) produced by whole blood cultures in vivo in women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Also, one study has shown an effect o... |
2,313,458 | The relation of oxidized LDL autoantibodies and long-term hormone replacement therapy to ultrasonographically assessed atherosclerotic plaque quantity and severity in postmenopausal women. | In epidemiologic studies, the incidence of atherosclerosis rises soon after menopause in women, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has proved to be useful in preventing onset of clinical manifestations of the disease. However, it is not known how HRT affects sonographically determined atherosclerotic severity (AS) a... |
2,313,459 | Post-menopausal hormone therapy and concentrations of protein C and antithrombin in elderly women. | The effects of post-menopausal hormone therapy (HRT) on blood coagulation in elderly women are not well defined. We studied associations of HRT use with levels of natural anticoagulant proteins in a cross-sectional study of 3393 women > or = 65 years of age participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Protein C... |
2,313,460 | Discriminating between normal and glaucomatous eyes using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer, and Optical Coherence Tomograph. | To compare the ability of 3 instruments, the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), the GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer (GDx), and the Optical Coherence Tomograph (OCT), to discriminate between healthy eyes and eyes with early to moderate glaucomatous visual field loss.</AbstractText>Forty-one patients with early to moderate glau... |
2,313,461 | Optic disc changes following trabeculectomy: longitudinal and localisation of change. | To determine whether there were any changes in the optic disc at 2 years after trabeculectomy. To determine the factors that most influenced change and whether change was localised to any region of the optic disc.</AbstractText>95 patients undergoing routine trabeculectomy as part of the ongoing Moorfields/MRC 5-fluoro... |
2,313,462 | Hormone replacement therapy shortens QT dispersion in healthy postmenopausal women. | The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on myocardial repolarization characteristics in postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease.</AbstractText>Fifty-one consecutive healthy postmenopausal women (age 48 +/- 5) with negative exercise stress testing were prospe... |
2,313,463 | Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2001 update. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. | Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss should be prevented, and if present, should be treated (Table 2). Supplementation with calcium and vitamin D at a dosage of 800 IU/day, or an activated form of vitamin D (e.g., alfacalcidiol at 1 microg/day or calcitriol at 0.5 microg/day), should be offered to all patients receiving gl... |
2,313,464 | Effect of combination hormone replacement therapy on ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness in diabetic postmenopausal women. | Diabetes mellitus negates the premenopausal gender benefit with respect to coronary artery disease. Whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) offers any cardiovascular advantage to diabetic postmenopausal women is not known. Diabetic subjects have increased vascular load and abnormal 24-h blood pressure (BP) profiles. ... |
2,313,465 | Hip fracture prevention: cost-effective strategies. | The available literature on cost benefit, cost effectiveness and cost utility of different drug and non-drug regimens in preventing hip fractures was reviewed. The cost of a hip fracture and of the different treatment regimens varied considerably from one country to another. In primary prevention, potential savings onl... |
2,313,466 | Thermophilic aerobic treatment of a synthetic wastewater in a membrane-coupled bioreactor. | Synthetic wastewater containing alpha-lactose and gelatin was treated in a thermophilic membrane-coupled bioreactor (MBR). Thermophilic (>45 degrees C) treatment represents a potentially advantageous process for high-temperature as well as high-strength industrial wastewaters susceptible to reactor autoheating. Ther... |
2,313,467 | Psychotic and mood disorders associated with the perimenopausal period: epidemiology, aetiology and management. | Contrary to widely held beliefs, menopause is not associated with an increase in psychiatric illness. Although just prior to menopause there is a slight increase in minor psychological symptoms, prevalence rates of depression fall postmenopause. Hypotheses for the occurrence of depression in some perimenopausal women i... |
2,313,468 | Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms: a cross sectional study of the general population. | Recent evidence suggests a role for hormonal factors in the aetiology of asthma.</AbstractText>Data from a large study of women selected from the general population were used to relate treatment with oral hormonal contraceptives (OCP) and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to the following asthma indicato... |
2,313,469 | Domestic wastewater treatment using immobilized sludge fluidized-bed reactors. | Bench-scale fluidized-bed reactors using the immobilized activated sludge process were studied for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Different intermittent aeration patterns were investigated in order to improve the total nitrogen (TN) removal. The best TN removal at 74.4% was achieved at an HRT of 6 hours (with co... |
2,313,470 | Bioaugmentation and anaerobic treatment of pharmaceutical effluent in fluidized bed reactor. | The start-up of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was carried out using a single inoculum (supernatant of anaerobic digester) and later on with multiple inoculum (a mixture of supernatant of anaerobic digester and volatile fatty acid (VFA)) to achieve a faster start-up. Then regular experiments were carried out to stu... |
2,313,471 | Changes in the use of hormone replacement therapy in New Zealand from 1991-1997. | To describe changes in the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use in New Zealand women aged 45-64 years from 1991-1997.</AbstractText>For each of two population-based surveys, 2,000 women aged 45-64 years were randomly selected from the electoral roll and sent questionnaires. The response rates were 78% in... |
2,313,472 | Knowledge, attitudes and management strategies in Scandinavia concerning hormone replacement therapy: a comparison between gynecologists in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. | To describe and compare attitudes, knowledge and management strategies concerning the prescription of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) between gynecologists from three Scandinavian countries.</AbstractText>In a cross-sectional study gynecologists in Denmark (n=386), Norway (n=475) and Sweden (n=1323) were invited by l... |
2,313,473 | Effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on markers of serum atherogenicity in healthy postmenopausal women. | To determine the effect of raloxifene (RLX) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and the apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 (apo-B/apo-A1) concentration ratio, markers of serum atherogenicity, in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Three hundred and ninety... |
2,313,474 | Hormone replacement therapy increases ACTH/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in menopause. | To demonstrate that hypoestrogenism in menopause is in part responsible for the decrease in circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and ACTH levels. To test this hypothesis, 25 postmenopausal women aged 47-60 years, were given orally conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) to study the effect on circulating DHEA-S... |
2,313,475 | The influence of hormone replacement therapy on skin ageing: a pilot study. | We studied the effect of hormonal treatment on skin ageing in menopausal women.</AbstractText>Twenty-four patients (45-68 years; mean age, 54.9 years) without hormone treatment for at least 6 months were included. Patients were assigned to three therapy groups: 1, oestrogen only (Estraderm TTS 50) (n=6); 2, transdermal... |
2,313,476 | What factors account for hormone replacement therapy prescribing frequency? | The purpose of this study was to compare hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prescribing frequency to provider characteristics, attitudes and beliefs about menopause and HRT.</AbstractText>There was a mailed survey of providers at a large staff-model HMO in Washington state. Participants included 250 family practice phys... |
2,313,477 | Discordance between changes in bone mineral density measured at different skeletal sites in perimenopausal women--implications for assessment of bone loss and response to therapy: The Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. | Assessing bone loss and gain is important in clinical decision-making, both in evaluating treatment and in following untreated patients. The aim of this study was to correlate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at different skeletal sites during the first 5 years after menopause and determine if forearm measurements... |
2,313,478 | [Impact of menopause hormone replacement therapy on screening mammography reading]. | To assess difficulties in reading screening mammographies related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the setting of a breast cancer screening program. Disagreement between two readers is used as the assessment criterion.</AbstractText>The study population consisted of all women participating in the ADEMAS breast c... |
2,313,479 | General and medical factors associated with hormone replacement therapy among women attending menopause clinics in Italy. | The objective of the study was to analyze medical and general factors associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use in women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy.</AbstractText>Between 1997 and 1999, we conducted a large cross-sectional study on the characteristics of women around menopause attendi... |
2,313,480 | Previous exposure to hormone replacement therapy and confounders in metabolic studies. | The quantity of intra-abdominal fat is highly associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. We sought to determine whether recent hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use modifies central fat and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women compared with women who had never used HRT.</AbstractText>We measured intra... |
2,313,481 | Postmenopausal changes in production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines and the effects of hormone replacement therapy. | An appropriate defense against infective agents or malignant cells is attributed to the exquisitely balanced T helper 1 type (cellular) and T helper 2 type (humoral) immune reactions. We investigated the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on postmenopausal changes in the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma an... |
2,313,482 | Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with oral 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate improves homocysteine metabolism in postmenopausal women. | To evaluate the effect of a continuous combined oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on basal and post-methionine load homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Twenty-two postmenopausal women (PMW) were randomly allocated to receive either continuous combined oral HRT (2 mg of estradiol plus 1 mg of... |
2,313,483 | Changes in body mass index around menopause: a population study of Chilean woman. | To evaluate the influence of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on weight and the effect of weight gain on coronary risk factors.</AbstractText>From 1991 to 1992 cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 271 premenopausal women between the ages of 40 and 53 years. The women were not receiving HRT at tha... |
2,313,484 | Midlife women's attributions about perceived memory changes: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. | Memory changes are of increasing interest as midlife women approach menopause. Recent studies of relationships between estrogen and Alzheimer's disease have prompted interest in memory experiences around the time of menopause. The purpose of this analysis, part of the larger Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study (SMWHS)... |
2,313,485 | Why do older women discontinue hormone replacement therapy? | Postmenopausal women who choose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) often discontinue this therapy within 1 year. Few studies have considered why older women (aged > or =65 years) discontinue therapy. To investigate this question and its relationship to HRT-related side effects, we analyzed data collected during the 3... |
2,313,486 | Withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy is associated with significant vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women. | This study aimed to assess the changes in vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) after cessation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women who had been treated on a long-term basis. Fifty healthy postmenopausal women who had been followed both during the course of HRT and after cessation of treatment i... |
2,313,487 | Initiation of osteoporosis treatment after bone mineral density testing. | The aim of the study was to describe initiation of osteoporosis drug therapy after bone mineral density (BMD) testing and to determine any association with BMD test results obtained, physician factors, or both. The setting was the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan (KFHP), a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in No... |
2,313,488 | The influence of aging and sex hormones on expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone in the human immune system. | GHRH is a neuropeptide that has also been localized to the immune system. The physiological function of GHRH in the immune system has not been elucidated. This study was conducted to determine whether immune GHRH expression is altered in certain pathological states, such as immune cell tumors, and whether gender, aging... |
2,313,489 | Increased acceptance of HRT and improved level of information: a change in Norwegian women's opinion from 1990 to 1997. | To investigate the development in women's attitude to hormone replacement therapy, and the change in views concerning positive and negative effects.</AbstractText>National cohort study based on telephone interviews in 1990 and 1997, of women randomly sampled from the Norwegian telephone book (n=1019 and 1003). The same... |
2,313,490 | Relationship between hormone replacement therapy use with body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obese postmenopausal women. | The aim of this study was to compare the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on insulin resistance and central adiposity in obese postmenopausal women. Forty-five obese postmenopausal women (16 HRT users and 29 nonusers), with a mean age of 56.6 +/- 5.3 years and duration of current, continuous HRT use of 4.7 +... |
2,313,491 | [Anaerobic biological treatment of Lincomycin production wastewater]. | The high-strength Lincomycin production wastewater containing toxic and refractory substances treated by lab-scale mesophilic UASB reactor was described. When the reactor was operated in influent COD 8000-14,000 mg/L and HRT 10 h, the volumetric loading rate and COD removal rate could reach 20-35 kg/(m3.d) and 50%-55%,... |
2,313,492 | [Biodegradation behavior of ethylenediaminetetraethylene acid]. | Aerobic and anaerobic degradability of ethylenediaminetetraethylene acid(EDTA) were measured on Warburg respirometer and anaerobic batch reactors. Biodegradation of EDTA as a single substance was poor, but biodegradation of EDTA with co-substrate could be improved. The wastewater containing EDTA can be treated by activ... |
2,313,493 | [HRT: state of the art]. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopause represents the most advanced frontier of preventive medicine in a rapidly evolving society that aims to emphasise, today as in the past, the leading role of women. While modern medicine has extended the average life expectancy of women today, it is now the task to enha... |
2,313,494 | Bladder neck circulation by Doppler ultrasonography in postmenopausal women with urinary stress incontinence. | To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bladder neck circulation in postmenopausal women with genuine urinary stress incontinence (USI).</AbstractText>A total of 227 women were enrolled in the study, including 114 postmenopausal women with USI (n = 57) or without USI (n = 57) and 113 premenopa... |
2,313,495 | Awareness of risk factors for cancer among British adults. | Awareness of risk factors for five common cancers was assessed in a representative sample of 3 693 adults in the UK. Respondents were presented with a risk of 14 factors comprising 10 which have established links with various cancers (older age, many sexual partners, low fibre diet, smoking, a relative with the cancer,... |
2,313,496 | Influence of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal pelvic organs. | To assess the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the pelvic organs of postmenopausal women by vaginal ultrasonography.</AbstractText>The study (case-control) included 753 consecutive, postmenopausal women who were referred for routine transvaginal ultrasound examination. A total of 290 women who were usi... |
2,313,497 | Hormone replacement therapy is associated with better glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes: The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry. | In women with diabetes, the changes that accompany menopause may further diminish glycemic control. Little is known about how hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects glucose metabolism in diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine whether HbA(1c) levels varied by current HRT among women with type 2 diabetes.</Abs... |
2,313,498 | Hormone replacement therapy and risk of falling in early postmenopausal women - a population-based study. | The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hormone (oestrogen) replacement therapy (HRT) on the risk of falling among early postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>We assessed the incidence of falls in HRT users compared to non-users using population-based data from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Preve... |
2,313,499 | The prevention of osteoporosis using sequential low-dose hormone replacement therapy with estradiol-17 beta and dydrogesterone. | Low-dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women may produce fewer side-effects but its efficacy in the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis is not established. To address this we compared the effect of 1 mg estradiol-17 beta with a 2 mg dose, in combination with cyclical dydrogesterone, in the pr... |
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