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2,313,500 | Enhancing the start-up of a UASB reactor treating domestic wastewater by adding a water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds. | Water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds (WEMOS) was used to enhance the start-up of a self-inoculated upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating raw domestic wastewater. Two reactors labelled control (RC) and WEMOS addition (RM) were started without special inoculum. Both reactors were fed continuously for... |
2,313,501 | Effects of combined oral hormone replacement therapy on tissue factor pathway inhibitor and factor VII. | Oral combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oestradiol and norethisterone increases plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), indicating an increase in thrombin generation, but the mechanisms underlying this increase are uncertain. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to determine w... |
2,313,502 | Hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women with diabetes. | Recent studies have shown only 17% of postmenopausal women in the UK receive prescriptions for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), with diabetic women being prescribed HRT 30% less often than non-diabetic women. Up to 80% of women experience menopausal symptoms, however, so it is expected that by using HRT many would ga... |
2,313,503 | Anaerobic treatment of atrazine bearing wastewater. | Performance of mixed microbial anaerobic culture in treating synthetic waste-water with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and varying atrazine concentration was studied. Performance of hybrid reactors with wood charcoal as adsorbent, with a dose of 10 g/l and 40 g/l, along with the microbial mass was also studied. All ... |
2,313,504 | Cardiovascular effects of estrogen. | There is a strong link between menopause and increased cardiovascular disease incidence in women, and observational studies suggest that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduces cardiovascular disease risk. However, the only published prospective controlled trial of the effects of HRT on cardiovascular ... |
2,313,505 | Use of exogenous estrogens in systemic lupus erythematosus. | To review the current literature on the safety of using exogenous estrogens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</AbstractText>A MEDLINE search for articles published between 1970 and 2000 regarding the relationship between estrogens and SLE was performed. Emphasis was put on human studies, treatment tr... |
2,313,506 | Prefrontal cortex as the site of estrogen's effect on cognition. | The hippocampus has long been presumed the primary site of action of estrogens on cognition; and explicit memory is considered the cognitive function most vulnerable to menopausal loss of estrogen. We hypothesize instead that the prefrontal cortex and its neural circuitry are prime mediators of estrogen's role in cogni... |
2,313,507 | Sensitivity to a neurosteroid is increased during addition of progestagen to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamic response to a neuroactive steroid, pregnanolone, before and during different hormonal settings of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Twenty-seven postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were administered HRT in a randomized, double-blinded, ... |
2,313,508 | Effects of JL13, a pyridobenzoxazepine with potential atypical antipsychotic activity, in animal models for schizophrenia. | JL13 [5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5] benzoxazepine fumarate] is a substance with a close structural resemblance to clozapine. However, it is less sensitive to oxidation and may therefore have less hematological side effects. In the present study, JL13 was compared with clozapine and haloperidol ... |
2,313,509 | Metabolism of norethisterone and norethisterone derivatives in rat uterus, vagina, and aorta. | The 19-nor-progestogen norethisterone is used as a progestogen component in contraceptives and in continuous- and sequential combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. Metabolism of norethisterone in HRT target tissues may play a role in its biological response. The aim of this study was to inv... |
2,313,510 | Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely considered to reduce fractures, but this belief is based on observational data; evidence from randomized trials is lacking.</AbstractText>To conduct a systematic review of all randomized trials of HRT that have reported or collected nonvertebral fracture data but that may not... |
2,313,511 | [The effect of hormonal replacement therapy on symptoms of climacteric syndrome and selected metabolic parameters]. | The goal of this paper was estimation of influence of HRT (after 3 and 6 months of treatment of 112 women) the symptoms of climacteric syndrome and depression associated with the said syndrome based on the scales of Kupperman, Green, Hamilton and Beck as well as some selected parameters of metabolic state--concentratio... |
2,313,512 | Phytoestrogens after breast cancer. | The current extension of the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy, which predisposes to early menopause, and the media coverage of the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have led patients with a history of breast cancer to seek treatments for estrogen deprivation. In breast cancer survivors, most physicians... |
2,313,513 | The influence of contour line size and location on the reproducibility of topographic measurement with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. | The recommended contour line (CL) location with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is on the inner edge of Elschnig's scleral ring. This study investigated HRT parameter reproducibility when: (i) the CL size is altered relative to Elschnig's ring; (ii) the CL is either redrawn or imported between images.</AbstractTe... |
2,313,514 | The use of high-frequency diagnostic ultrasound to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on skin thickness. | <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND/AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Previous investigations have suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could have a positive effect on the maintenance of skin thickness post-menopause. Previous skin measurement devices have proved variable in their accuracy and ease of use. This inv... |
2,313,515 | Serum IgE specific to indoor moulds, measured by basophil histamine release, is associated with building-related symptoms in damp buildings. | To study the relationship between basophil histamine release (HRT) to indoor moulds, indicating specific IgE, and building-related symptoms (BRS), asthma, and hay fever in individuals working in damp and mouldy buildings.</AbstractText>A cross-sectional study was performed among 86 school staff members, who on average ... |
2,313,516 | Serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with obesity, weight gain, and hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women. | The authors evaluated the cross-sectional and prospective associations between the serum concentration of C-reactive protein and measures of obesity and fat distribution, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, and serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women from the Healthy Women Study (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 1... |
2,313,517 | Perspectives in hormone replacement therapy. | Estrogens have been convincingly shown to be highly effective in preventing and reversing menopause-related conditions, such as hot flushes, urogenital complaints, and postmenopausal bone loss. Observational studies report that long-term, estrogen-containing, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) leads to a ... |
2,313,518 | Mammographic densities as a marker of human breast cancer risk and their use in chemoprevention. | Differences in the parenchymal pattern of the breast on mammography reflect differences in the amounts of stromal, epithelial, and fat tissue present in the breast. Stroma and epithelium are radiologically dense, whereas fat is lucent. Extensive areas of mammographically dense breast tissue are strongly associated with... |
2,313,519 | Physician gender and hormone replacement therapy discussion. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a major issue confronting millions of women today, and general internal medicine and family practice physicians are an important source of information and counseling on this issue. Previous studies have suggested that HRT discussion and prescribing are more frequent with female than... |
2,313,520 | A prospective randomized controlled study comparing two doses of gestodene in cyclic combined HRT preparations on endometrial physiology. | Postmenopausal women taking oestradiol 17-beta 2 mg daily were randomized to receive either 25 or 50 microg gestodene from day 17 to 28 of the cycle in a double-blind study. Placental protein P14 (PP14) and CA 125 concentrations in uterine flushing, endometrial morphology and irregular bleeding after 12 cycles of study... |
2,313,521 | Effect of physicians opinion on patients' choice of treatment. | While it is obvious that patients should be involved in the decision making process, questions arise as to whether it is feasible to inform them objectively.</AbstractText>To assess the impact of the physician's opinion, on the choice of treatment, to the patient.</AbstractText>We imagined a hypothetical case of a 55-y... |
2,313,522 | Hormones after menopause? | The average life span of a woman is increasing and the age of menopausal onset has not changed much. The length of time that a woman spends in the postmenopausal state is thus increasing. This potential estrogen-deficient state may have certain physiologic and metabolic consequences. The onset of menopause is an excell... |
2,313,523 | [Quinoline removal in fluidized-bed bioreactor using immobilized cells]. | Burkholderia pickettii, capable of using quinoline as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy, was immobilized by an innovative PVA-H3BO3-gauze method. A fluidized-bed bioreactor, in which immobilized cells were added, was constructed to degrade quinoline in wastewater. When the initial concentrations of quinoline w... |
2,313,524 | Development of a methanogenic process to degrade exhaustively the organic fraction of municipal "grey waste" under thermophilic and hyperthermophilic conditions. | Different laboratory-scale, continuously driven reactor concepts (up to 3 reactors in series, max. 70 degrees C) for anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal grey waste were investigated. Over a period of 2 1/2 years several setups of reactors being daily fed and held in steady state balance were invest... |
2,313,525 | Rheology of sludge from double phase anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. | In this paper experimental results on the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) by using a double phase process are reported. The long-term experiment has been carried out on a pilot scale plant, performed in different sets of operative conditions, during which granu... |
2,313,526 | Full scale co-digestion of organic waste. | Operational results of a co-digestion facility were assessed over a period of 18 months. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) contains a considerable amount of contaminants and grit (up to 6% w/w). A BTA-Pulper efficiently treated the different waste streams and converted a high amount of volatile soli... |
2,313,527 | Effects of disintegration on anaerobic degradation of sewage excess sludge in downflow stationary fixed film digesters. | The effects of mechanical disintegration on anaerobic digestibility of sewage excess sludge in downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) digesters were investigated on laboratory scale. Mechanical pretreatment using a high pressure homogenizer led to significantly enhanced concentrations of soluble proteins and carbohydrat... |
2,313,528 | Two-phase anaerobic digestion of source sorted OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste): performance and kinetic study. | The results of a two-phase system operated in different conditions, treating the source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (SS-OFMSW), coming mainly from fruit and vegetable markets, are presented. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the hydrolytic reactor and in the methanogenic reactor and also the temper... |
2,313,529 | Pilot-scale gasification of municipal solid wastes by high-rate and two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD). | Bioconversion of municipal solid waste-sludge blend by conventional high-rate and two-phase anaerobic digestion was studied. RDF (refused-derived fuel)-quality feed produced in a Madison, Wisconsin, USA, MRF (materials-recovery facility) was used. High-rate digestion experiments were conducted with bench-scale digester... |
2,313,530 | Biodegradation of high strength phenolic wastewater using SBR. | This investigation demonstrates the capability of a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to biodegrade an inhibitory substrate at a high loading rate. A SBR loading rate of 3.12 kg phenol.m3 d-1 (2.1 g COD.g-1 MLVSS d-1) with a COD removal efficiency of 97% at a SRT of 4 days and a HRT of 10 hours was achieved; t... |
2,313,531 | Activated sludge immobilization using the PVA-alginate-borate method. | The PVA-alginate-borate method was used successfully to immobilize activated sludge. The optimum polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration in the immobilized sludge was determined to be 10-12.5%. A minimal alginate of 1% in the beads was needed to prevent bead agglomeration. If the pH of the saturated boric acid was adjust... |
2,313,532 | A study of Protein S antigen levels in 3788 healthy volunteers: influence of age, sex and hormone use, and estimate for prevalence of deficiency state. | Total Protein S (tPS) and free Protein S (fPS) antigen levels were measured in 3788 healthy blood donors. Men had higher levels of both parameters than women (P < 0.001). Age had no effect on tPS in men, although there was a slight reduction in fPS levels with increasing age. In women increasing age was associated w... |
2,313,533 | The need for continuing education of the prescriber. | The Millennium will be seen as an important time of change in the doctor-patient relationship. Until very recently, many patients, male and female, expected not only advice from their doctor, but also to be told which treatment would be best for them. This paternalistic approach, however, is rapidly disappearing. Nowad... |
2,313,534 | The role of antiandrogens in hormone replacement therapy. | The most widely used antiandrogens in clinical practice are cyproterone acetate, a derivative of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dienogest, a 19-norprogestin. An established sequential preparation for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) consists of 11 days of 2 mg estradiol valerate, 10 days of 2 mg estradiol valerate with 1... |
2,313,535 | Breast epithelial proliferation in postmenopausal women evaluated through fine-needle-aspiration cytology. | The aim was to evaluate fine-needle-aspiration (FNA) cytology as a method of following breast epithelial proliferation in postmenopausal women during hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Twelve healthy postmenopausal women were recruited and randomized to two different types of sequential HRT during 4 month... |
2,313,536 | Oral estrogen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes: a systematic review. | To examine the effectiveness of oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with regard to hot flushes and night sweats, which are vasomotor symptoms commonly experienced by menopausal women.</AbstractText>Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of oral HRT for at least 3 months' duration and reporting vasomotor... |
2,313,537 | Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: effects of continuous combination, unopposed transdermal and low-potency estrogen regimens. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens on mammographic breast density.</AbstractText>Mammographic density was recorded in women participating in a population-based screening program. At first mammogram, all women were non-users of HRT, and thereafter rep... |
2,313,538 | Control of non-point source pollution by a natural wetland. | Wetland creation and restoration is a reliable and efficient technology for the remediation of contaminated water. Knowledge from the natural wetland systems would be necessary to enhance the operational efficiency of constructed wetlands. In this study, a mountainous wetland located in McDowell County, North Carolina,... |
2,313,539 | Rapid-rate thermophilic, single-stage and two-phase methane fermentation of synfuel-industry wastewaters. | Thermophilic (55 degrees C) anaerobic digestion of wastewaters from wet carbonization of Minnesota peat was conducted in a simple, upflow digester at an HRT of one day to provide a methane yield of 0.20 SCM/kg VS added and a BOD5 reduction of 85%. Carbonization of Maine peat conducted for a much longer duration of ther... |
2,313,540 | Advanced treatment of sewage by pre-coagulation and biofilm process. | Treatment performance and operational parameters of a pre-coagulation and biofilm process were experimentally discussed with the pilot-scale plant treating actual municipal sewage. Perfect nitrification was accomplished within total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 h at 20% volumetric added ratio of attached-growth ... |
2,313,541 | Performance characterization of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor process for digestion of night soil. | Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) process for night soil treatment. Performances of the reactors were evaluated at an equivalent hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days with an equivalent loading rate of 2.6 kgVS/m3/d (3.1 kgCOD/m3/day... |
2,313,542 | Denitrification in submerged biofilters of concentrated-nitrate wastewater. | To understand the possibilities and limitations of the treatment of concentrated nitrate in wastewater, a space-saving biofilm process was introduced to investigate how efficiently concentrated nitrate was utilized in a biofilm process. Lab-scale submerged biofilters stuffed with plastic pall-ring media were developed ... |
2,313,543 | Clinical detection of optic nerve damage: measuring changes in cup steepness with use of a new image alignment algorithm. | The purpose of this study was to study the effect of a subpixel image alignment algorithm on the standard deviation (SD) of mean topography images obtained by laser scanning tomography and to evaluate changes of the cup shape measure parameter (CSM) over time based upon the individual parameter variability using the ne... |
2,313,544 | Hormone replacement therapy and the endometrium. | Modern hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens contain oestrogen and progestogen, given either in a cyclical or continuous combined manner. Most endometrial biopsies from women on sequential HRT show weak secretory features. Approximately 15% show proliferative activity, although this figure may be less if more than... |
2,313,545 | Breast cancer and HRT--what are the data? | Breast cancer remains one of women's greatest concerns. When asked regarding the likelihood of contracting a specific disease, most women believe their greatest risk of death is from breast cancer. Interestingly, we have gone from a time when estrogen was utilized as a treatment regimen in advanced breast cancer, to th... |
2,313,546 | The hormone continuum: accrual of women's health benefits. | The hormone continuum is a treatment strategy that advocates maintaining hormone continuity, from the reproductive years into menopause and beyond. This entails the use first of oral contraceptives (OCs), which confer well-known health benefits--especially reductions in ovarian and endometrial cancers--besides effectiv... |
2,313,547 | Hormone replacement therapy and the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer screening: a review. | The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is prevalent in the age group invited to routine breast cancer screening in many countries. Previous publications have reported reduced sensitivity and specificity of mammographic breast cancer screening associated with current use of HRT.</AbstractText>To review the epidemi... |
2,313,548 | The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on hemostatic variables in women with previous venous thromboembolism--results from a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. | In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of women with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with an early excess risk of recurrent thrombosis. The aims of the present study were to characterize the effects of HRT on coagulation i... |
2,313,549 | [Impact of replacement hormone therapy in menopause on breast radiologic density and possible complications of mammography in the assessment of breast masses]. | To analyse the association of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and radiological density, defined as the fraction of breast volume occupied by fibroglandular opacity.</AbstractText>We considered 678 postmenopausal women, consecutively undergoing mammography within an organized screening program, 188 (27.7%) of whom wer... |
2,313,550 | Evaluation of an osteoporosis workshop for women. | Osteoporosis is a serious health problem that has reached epidemic proportions among Canadian women. This disease, and its concomitant fractures, places a heavy burden on society in terms of human suffering, loss of productivity, death, and health care costs. In keeping with these concerns, a Canadian community health ... |
2,313,551 | A polymorphism in CYP17 and endometrial cancer risk. | Among women, the A2 allele of CYP17 has been associated with elevated levels of endogenous steroid hormones; however, it does not seem to be a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer. We assessed the association between the A2 allele of CYP17 and invasive endometrial cancer risk in a case-control study nested ... |
2,313,552 | Do women using hormone replacement treatment have less pre-existing cardiovascular risk. | Several studies have suggested that women who choose to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) already, before starting this therapy, have a better cardiovascular risk profile than those who do not use it. Some of these studies contain factors of confusion and biases, such as HRT users' greater educational achievement o... |
2,313,553 | Phenotype of apolipoprotein E influences the lipid metabolic response of postmenopausal women to hormone replacement therapy. | We investigated whether the phenotype of apolipoprotein E (apo E) would influence the response of postmenopausal Japanese women to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>We measured the plasma levels of lipoprotein and apolipoprotein in 242 postmenopausal women at baseline and again after 12 months of HRT. Pa... |
2,313,554 | Effects of bezafibrate and simvastatin on plasma lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemia resistant to hormone replacement therapy. | Estrogen replacement therapy has favorable effects on serum lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. However, there are some patients who fail to respond to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to lower the serum cholesterol level. In these cases, a conventional lipid-lowering therapy will be ... |
2,313,555 | Opinion survey towards hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of coronary heart disease. | Observational and experimental data underscore the cardioprotective effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). On the other hand, the randomised trial available, the 'Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS)', showed no reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), using HRT.</AbstractText>Opinion surve... |
2,313,556 | Hormone replacement therapy and stroke: risk, protection or no effect? | Despite declining death rates due to stroke over the last several decades, stroke remains the third leading killer (after heart disease and cancer) of women in most developed countries. Because stroke not only kills but also leaves many survivors mentally and physically impaired, control of the disease must be through ... |
2,313,557 | Effects of HRT and exercise training on insulin action, glucose tolerance, and body composition in older women. | The independent and combined effects of exercise training and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body composition, fat distribution, glucose tolerance, and insulin action were studied in postmenopausal women, aged 68 +/- 5 yr, assigned to control (n = 19), exercise (n = 18), HRT (n = 15), and exercise + HRT (n = 16) ... |
2,313,558 | Effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and bradykinin in postmenopausal women with essential hypertension and normotensive postmenopausal women. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Three-month short-term HRT in postmenopausal women with essential hypertension increased the plasma concentrations ofbradykinin with decreased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which may be parti... |
2,313,559 | Fibroids and hypertension. A cross-sectional study of women undergoing hysterectomy. | To determine whether uterine fibroids are associated with hypertension.</AbstractText>A total of 543 consecutive women, 41-89 years of age, who underwent hysterectomy in 1984 and 1994 for benign indications at Helsinki University Central Hospital were included in the study. Preoperative information on indications for t... |
2,313,560 | Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of breast cancer in relation to recurrence and mortality. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is typically avoided for women with a history of breast cancer because of concerns that estrogen will stimulate recurrence. In this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of HRT on recurrence and mortality after a diagnosis of breast cancer.</AbstractText>Data were assembled from 2755... |
2,313,561 | Influence of estrogen replacement therapy on cardiovascular responses to stress of healthy postmenopausal women. | Two experiments were conducted to understand the influence of estrogen exposure on cardiovascular responses to acute stress measured by impedance cardiography. Study I compared stress responses of 29 postmenopausal women who used postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and 29 who did not use HRT. Women who did... |
2,313,562 | Response of cortical bone to antiresorptive treatment. | A total of 113 postmenopausal women (69 controls, 33 using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and 11 using bisphosphonate) were evaluated twice over 2 years with a new noninvasive, radiogrammetry-based technique called digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) and conventional bone densitometry of the spine, hip, and forearm.... |
2,313,563 | Increased incidence of small and well-differentiated breast tumours in post-menopausal women following hormone-replacement therapy. | Exposure to hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) has consistently been associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer, particularly of small tumours. Other tumour characteristics in relation to HRT have received less scientific attention. Our aim in this population-based prospective cohort study was to assess whe... |
2,313,564 | Inhibition of store-operated calcium entry contributes to the anti-proliferative effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human colon cancer cells. | Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. We examined a possible involvement of store-operated calcium (SOC) entry in human colon carcinoma cells (HRT-18), which require calcium for proliferation. Acetyl-salicylic-acid (ASA), mefenamic acid (MEF) and sul... |
2,313,565 | Prescribing at the Primary Care Group level: census data and prescribing indicators. | To examine the relationship between prescribing and morbidity, mortality and deprivation for the 481 Primary Care groups set up on 1 April 1999, by examining the prescribing of their constituent practices in the year 1998/99, i.e. the year before.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional study.</AbstractText>Set of 11 prescribing... |
2,313,566 | Hormonal Therapy and Chemoprevention. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can increase the quality as well as the length of life, but a prolonged use can also increase the risk of breast cancer. The combination of HRT and a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) such as tamoxifen may retain the benefits while reducing the risks of either agent. A post ... |
2,313,567 | Anaerobic sulphate-reducing microbial process using UASB reactor for heavy metals decontamination. | This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using sewage as an organic substrate for the growth of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) and to acclimatise anaerobic sludge to produce sulphide from sulphate reduction, with a view to metal precipitation. The experiments were carried out in a continuous bench-s... |
2,313,568 | Effects of estrogen/medrogestone therapy on the apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus under satisfactory and non-satisfactory glycemic control. | Information is lacking on the effects of hormone replacement therapy in women with diabetes, especially during moderate chronic hyperglycemia.</AbstractText>To study the effects of HRT on the lipid profile and the low density lipoprotein subclass distribution in women with type 2 diabetes under satisfactory and non-sat... |
2,313,569 | Angiotensin-I converting enzyme genotype-dependent benefit from hormone replacement therapy in isometric muscle strength and bone mineral density. | Low bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle weakness are major risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporotic fracture. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reverses the menopausal decline in maximum voluntary force of the adductor pollicis and reduces serum angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) levels. The insertion (I) alle... |
2,313,570 | Effect of combined risedronate and hormone replacement therapies on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. | Both hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and bisphosphonates are efficacious in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Combined therapy with bisphosphonate and HRT is likely to be used in clinical practice, and limited data are available regarding its efficacy and safety. This was a 1-yr, double bli... |
2,313,571 | Association of circulating cellular adhesion molecules with menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy. Time-dependent change in transdermal, but not oral estrogen users. | The incidence of coronary heart disease is lower in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women, and estrogen use may be cardioprotective among postmenopausal women. Cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) are involved in the early stage of atherosclerosis, and short-term administration of oral estrogen decreased plasma conce... |
2,313,572 | The management of osteoporosis. | Osteoporosis poses a significant orthopaedic problem of epidemic proportions. Clear guidelines for the management of osteoporosis presenting early or late are still being debated. Several recommendations, however, are now generally accepted. Measurements of BMD should be taken if the diagnosis is in doubt or as an adju... |
2,313,573 | Parathyroid hormone added to established hormone therapy: effects on vertebral fracture and maintenance of bone mass after parathyroid hormone withdrawal. | Our best pharmacologic agents for osteoporosis treatment prevent no more than 40-60% of osteoporotic fractures in patients at highest risk. Thus, there is a need for agents that can further augment bone mass and reduce fracture risk more substantially. To this end, we investigated the utility of parathyroid hormone (PT... |
2,313,574 | Hormone replacement therapy after treatment of breast cancer: effects on postmenopausal symptoms, bone mineral density and recurrence rates. | Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent female carcinoma and the major cause of death in women aged 35--50 years. The total number of patients surviving BC and especially the morbidity rate of patients below the age of 55 years has increased significantly in the last several years. As a consequence, the number of BC pa... |
2,313,575 | Targeting of hormone replacement therapy immediately after menopause. | The aim of this study was to model the effect of short (3-year) treatments with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time of menopause on the risk of osteoporotic fracture, and to assess the impact of strategies to target high-risk individuals. From the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture r... |
2,313,576 | Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (a) concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974-2000. | To establish reference estimates of the effects of different hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens on lipid and lipoprotein levels.</AbstractText>Review and pooled analysis of prospective studies published up until the year 2000.</AbstractText>Clinical trials centers, hospitals, menopause clinics.</AbstractText><A... |
2,313,577 | The role of hormone replacement therapy in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer and a review of possible alternatives. | Estrogen replacement therapy either with (HRT) or without (ERT) accompanying progesterone is routinely offered to well women at the time of menopause, in order to relieve vasomotor symptoms, (hot flashes), reduce urogenital atrophy and reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and perhaps colon cancer an... |
2,313,578 | Electrochemical oxidation of leachate pretreated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. | This study was conducted to develop a two-stage process for the treatment of Hong Kong leachate. The leachate, containing 4750 mg l-1 of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 1310 mg l-1 of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), was first treated in a UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor at 37 degrees C. The process removed... |
2,313,579 | Development of anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), a novel anaerobic treatment system. | A novel anaerobic treatment system, the anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), was developed after completing a parallel study with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) processes. Using sucrose as the main component of a synthetic wastewater, the AMBR achieved a maxi... |
2,313,580 | Aerobic biodegradation of an oxygenates mixture: ETBE, MTBE and TAME in an upflow fixed-bed reactor.<Pagination><StartPage>1665</StartPage><EndPage>1674</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1665-74</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Aerobic degradation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ... | Aerobic degradation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), as tertiary-substrates, was studied in a continuous upflow fixed-bed reactor (UFBR) using an external oxygenator and sintered glass rings as biomass carriers. The UFBR has been shown to be an effectiv... |
2,313,581 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on serum lipids in elderly women. a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among older women. In observational studies, the incidence of CHD has been reduced in postmenopausal women who take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A low serum level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is one of the risk factors predictive of death... |
2,313,582 | Autosomal dominant retinal degeneration and bone loss in patients with a 12-bp deletion in the CRX gene. | To define the phenotypic expression of a deletion in the gene encoding the transcription factor CRX in a large, seven-generation, white family.</AbstractText>Fourteen affected individuals, all heterozygous for the Leu146del12 mutation in the cone-rod homeobox gene (CRX), and four nonaffected relatives from the same fam... |
2,313,583 | Atypical antipsychotic effects of quetiapine fumarate in animal models. | To evaluate the effect of quetiapine fumarate in animal models of schizophrenia and its possibility to induce extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE).</AbstractText>The enhancement of immobility in a forced swimming test of mice induced by repeated treatment with phencyclidine and amphetamine swimming "normalization" test o... |
2,313,584 | Prevalence of hormone replacement therapy and antidepressant use in peri- and postmenopausal women. | To examine the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and antidepressant use in peri- and postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Prevalence survey.</AbstractText>Peri- and postmenopausal outpatients (N = 253) at five medical clinics.</AbstractText>Participants completed a 47-item questionnaire requesting informat... |
2,313,585 | The association of hormone replacement therapy with experimental pain responses in postmenopausal women. | Considerable experimental research suggests that ovarian hormones can influence pain perception, and recent epidemiologic and clinical research suggests that exogenous hormone use may influence the prevalence and severity of clinical pain among women. However, to date no studies have examined the influence of hormone r... |
2,313,586 | [An alternative to postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy? Selective Estrogens Receptors Modulators (SERMs)]. | Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) represents the first and probably sole therapeutically approach for prevention and treatment of medical postmenopausal disease. Nevertheless, the adverse effects and the risks HRT associated, suggested, to clinical and pharmaceutical research new pharmacological treatment options. Actu... |
2,313,587 | Ability of peripapillary atrophy parameters to differentiate normal-tension glaucoma from glaucomalike disk. | To investigate the ability of peripapillary atrophy (PPA) parameters to differentiate normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) from glaucomalike disk (GLD).</AbstractText>Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with GLD that had no evidence of visual field defect and retinal nerve fiber layer defect and 33 eyes of 33 patients with NTG, ... |
2,313,588 | Performance evaluation of a mesophilic anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor treating wastewater derived from the production of proteins from extracted sunflower flour. | A study of the anaerobic digestion of wastewater derived from the production of protein isolates from extracted sunflower flour was carried out in a laboratory-scale, mesophilic (35 degrees C) fluidized-bed reactor with saponite as bacterial support. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies in the range of 98.... |
2,313,589 | How do reproductive and lifestyle factors influence bone density in distal and ultradistal radius of early postmenopausal women? The Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey, Norway. | In a population-based health survey, densitometry was performed at the distal and ultradistal radius with single-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) data and self-reported reproductive and lifestyle data from 1652 randomly selected peri- and postmenopausal women aged 50-59 years were analyzed. A tot... |
2,313,590 | Age and gender specific stimulation of creatine kinase specific activity by gonadal steroids in human bone-derived cells in culture. | We previously reported a non-enzymatic method for isolation of human bone cells in culture that display osteoblastic features and respond to 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25) and to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The present study was undertaken to analyze the response of cultured human bone cells to 17beta-estradiol (E2) an... |
2,313,591 | The effect of clodronate and antioestrogens on bone loss associated with oestrogen withdrawal in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. | In this study we report bone mineral density (BMD) changes during clodronate and antioestrogen treatment in women with breast cancer having discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time of operation compared to women who had not used HRT immediately before the operation. 61 postmenopausal women with operab... |
2,313,592 | The effects of hormone replacement therapy on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. | A number of studies have consistently shown a lower cardiovascular risk in women who received postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of our study was to examine the effects of HRT on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, which were likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.... |
2,313,593 | Course of primary headaches during hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of the present study was to evaluate how hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could influence the course of primary headaches in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Fifty patients presenting for clinical evaluation of menopausal status and suffering from headache were enrolled. The observational period lasted 7 mo... |
2,313,594 | Prognosis of breast cancers detected in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. | To determine the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on various prognostic factors of breast cancer (BC).</AbstractText>A multi-centre case-control study was conducted, in which a comparison was made of the differences between various histological and biological clinical variables of BC detected in 121 women... |
2,313,595 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive performance in elderly women. | To determine the effects of 9 months of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive performance in women aged 75 years and older.</AbstractText>A 9-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel trial. Fifty-two elderly postmenopausal women (age range 75-91 years) without known contraindications to HR... |
2,313,596 | Women at mid-life: symptoms, attitudes, and choices, an internet based survey. | This Internet-based survey questioned middle-aged women (age 35-69) regarding their current attitudes, beliefs, symptoms, and treatment choices surrounding the climacteric.</AbstractText>448 respondents completed the 189 item, WEB-based survey that included measures of quality of life, lifestyle habits, anxiety symptom... |
2,313,597 | Hormone replacement therapy after breast cancer: a systematic review and quantitative assessment of risk. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is typically withheld from women with breast cancer because of concern that it might increase the risk of recurrence. The purpose of this study was to quantify the risk of recurrent breast cancer associated with HRT among breast cancer survivors.</AbstractText>We performed a systematic... |
2,313,598 | Three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases with a scanning retinal thickness analyzer and a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. | To compare three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases obtained using the scanning retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) with that obtained using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).</AbstractText>Both the RTA and the HRT were used to examine 50 eyes of 36 patients with diabetic ... |
2,313,599 | Disparities in hormone replacement therapy use by socioeconomic status in a primary care population. | The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a controversial decision for many women, yet few studies have evaluated the socio-demographic, psychological, and behavioral correlates of HRT use. This cross-sectional, mailed survey evaluated the associations of socioeconomic status, preventive health behaviors, knowled... |
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