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2,320,300 | EphB2 induces proliferation and promotes a neuronal fate in adult subventricular neural precursor cells. | The subventricular germinal zone (SVZ) retains an active population of stem cells and neural precursor cells throughout adulthood. EphrinB signaling mediates angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the developing and adult brain. Recent studies indicate that molecules involved in angiogenesis often influence neurogenesis as... |
2,320,301 | Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid oxygen partial pressure in humans using MRI. | Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images obtained during the administration of supplemental oxygen demonstrate a hyperintense signal within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is likely caused by T1 changes induced by paramagnetic molecular oxygen. Previous studies demonstrated a linear relationship between th... |
2,320,302 | Brain MRI findings of older patients with Pallister-Killian syndrome. | Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a disorder caused by a mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p, which manifests with dysmorphism, intellectual disabilities, auditory disturbance, and epilepsy. Here, we describe the findings of brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in two patients with PKS. One patient, a 43-year-old man... |
2,320,303 | Single and multiple congenic strains for hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat. | The H-Tx rat has fetal-onset hydrocephalus with a complex mode of inheritance. Previously, quantitative trait locus mapping using a backcross with Fischer F344 rats demonstrated genetic loci significantly linked to hydrocephalus on Chromosomes 10, 11, and 17. Hydrocephalus was preferentially associated with heterozygou... |
2,320,304 | Objective B wave analysis in 55 patients with non-communicating and communicating hydrocephalus. | B waves, slow and rhythmic oscillations in intracranial pressure (ICP), are claimed to be one of the best predictors of outcome after surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).</AbstractText>To determine the relation between the percentage of B waves and outcome in patients with hydrocephalus, and also the diurna... |
2,320,305 | Circadian and light regulation of oxytocin and parvalbumin protein levels in the ciliated ependymal layer of the third ventricle in the C57 mouse. | The walls of the third ventricle have been proposed to serve as a bidirectional conduit for exchanges between the neural parenchyma and the cerebrospinal fluid. In immunohistochemical studies of mice, we observed that light exposure and circadian phase affected peptide staining surrounding the third ventricle at the le... |
2,320,306 | Magnetic resonance evaluation of fetal ventriculomegaly-associated congenital malformations and lesions. | Fetal MRI provides diagnostic quality images of the brain which permit differentiation between the various etiologies of ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus, congenital malformation, and destructive processes. |
2,320,307 | Concomitant choroid plexus papillomas involving the third and fourth ventricles: A case report and review of the literature. | Choroid plexus papillomas (CPP) are histopathologically benign and rare central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms arising from the epithelium of the choroid plexus. The most common site of presentation of these lesions is in the fourth ventricle in adults and lateral ventricles in children. Third ventricular CPP are uncom... |
2,320,308 | Phenotypic and functional characterization of adult brain neuropoiesis. | The modern concept of neurogenesis in the adult brain is predicated on the premise that multipotent glial cells give rise to new neurons throughout life. Although extensive evidence exists indicating that this is the case, the transition from glial to neuronal phenotype remains poorly understood. A unique monolayer cel... |
2,320,309 | Postnatal neurogenesis in the medial cortex of the tropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus. | Young, adult and presumed old specimens of the tropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus, living in an almost steady warm habitat, have been the subjects of a 5-bromodeoxiuridine immunocytochemical study to label proliferating brain cells. All animals showed abundant 5-bromodeoxiuridine-labeled nuclei in the ependyma of thei... |
2,320,310 | Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine: a new selection strategy for gene-transduced neural and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. | In most experimental gene therapy protocols involving stem/progenitor cells, only a small fraction of cells, often therapeutically inadequate, can be transduced and made to express the therapeutic gene. A promising strategy for overcoming this problem is the use of a dominant selection marker, such as a drug resistance... |
2,320,311 | Multiple components of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid uptake by rat choroid plexus. | Initial rates of uptake of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 20 microM) were measured in intact lateral choroid plexus from rat. Although inhibition of uptake by millimolar concentrations of estrone sulfate (ES) and unlabeled 2,4-D was maximal at 85%, inhibition by p-aminohippurate (PAH) saturated at... |
2,320,312 | Central effects of long-term relaxin expression in the rat. | A recombinant adenovirus containing the human H2 preprorelaxin (hH2) cDNA and a reporter gene was coinjected with a transactivator virus (Ad-tTA) into the lateral cerebral ventricles of female rats. Cardiovascular effects were measured over a 21-day period. Circulating vasopressin in the periphery was significantly gre... |
2,320,313 | Well-circumscribed, minimally enhancing glioblastoma multiforme of the trigone: a case report and review of the literature. | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known to present within the lateral ventricle but is relatively infrequent and predominantly found in the frontal horn or body of the ventricle. A GBM located within the trigone is rare, and one that appears well-circumscribed, homogeneous, and minimally contrast enhancing, as demonstra... |
2,320,314 | Activation of melanocortin receptors accelerates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity in goats. | The present study aims to elucidate whether the central melanocortin receptors [melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3/4-R)] are involved in regulating GnRH pulse generator activity in female goats. The GnRH pulse generator activity was electrophysiologically assessed at the intervals of characteristic increases in multi... |
2,320,315 | Genetic loci for ventricular dilatation in the LEW/Jms rat with fetal-onset hydrocephalus are influenced by gender and genetic background. | The LEW/Jms rat strain has inherited hydrocephalus, with more males affected than females and an overall expression rate of 28%. This study aimed to determine chromosomal positions for genetic loci causing the hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>An F1 backcross was made to the parental LEW/Jms strain from a cross with non-hyd... |
2,320,316 | MRI tracer study of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathway in normal and hydrocephalic guinea pig brain. | Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sequential information regarding the dynamic movement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space and the ventricles to the drainage pathway in response to the CSF pressure was obtained in guinea pigs. In this study, a new mechanical hydrocephalus model in a guin... |
2,320,317 | Proliferation, migration, neuronal differentiation, and long-term survival of new cells in the adult zebrafish brain. | In contrast to mammals, fish exhibit an enormous potential to produce new cells in the adult brain. By labeling mitotically dividing cells with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), we have characterized the development of these cells in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Proliferation zones were located in specific regions of the... |
2,320,318 | Neuronal fate determinants of adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis. | Adult neurogenesis in mammals is restricted to two small regions, including the olfactory bulb, where GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons are newly generated throughout the entire lifespan. However, the mechanisms directing them towards a specific neuronal phenotype are not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate the ... |
2,320,319 | Reduction of zinc-positive terminal fields in striatum of mouse after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium neurotoxicity. | Zinc is an essential trace element in the central nervous system and is located in three distinct pools: free zinc, vesicular zinc and protein-bound zinc. Zinc may serve as an endogenous neuromodulator and has been associated with neuropathologies. This study was undertaken to determine whether levels of vesicular zinc... |
2,320,320 | Low intracerebroventricular doses of cholinotoxin AF64A do not affect the morphology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH)-immunoreactive fibers in the rat septum. | Ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A) induces cholinergic lesion in animal models of AD. Although higher concentrations of AF64A are known to induce nonspecific, cholinergic, and non-cholinergic lesions, low concentrations are believed to be selectively cholinotoxic. However, morphological evidence of this phenomenon has no... |
2,320,321 | Physiological roles of aquaporins in the choroid plexus. | The choroid plexus is a specialized tissue that lines subdomains within the four ventricles of the brain where most of the cerebrospinal fluid is produced. Maintenance of an equilibrium in volume and composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is vital for a normal brain function, ensuring an optimal environment for t... |
2,320,322 | Bax limits adult neural stem cell persistence through caspase and IP3 receptor activation. | Neural stem cells in the mammalian brain persist and are functional well into adulthood. There is, however, little insight into mechanisms that control adult neural stem cell survival. Mice deficient in the proapoptotic molecule Bax exhibit increased numbers of multipotent progenitor cells in the adult subventricular z... |
2,320,323 | Periventricular white matter flumazenil binding and postoperative outcome in hippocampal sclerosis. | In patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), anterior temporal lobe resection offers the possibility of a long-lasting suppression of seizures in two thirds of patients. White matter (WM) [11C]flumazenil volume of distribution (FMZ-Vd) reflects the number of neuronal cell bodies in WM. Our objective was to correlate WM... |
2,320,324 | Hippocampal malformations do not necessarily evolve into hippocampal sclerosis. | Hippocampal malformations have been proposed to underlie or evolve into hippocampal sclerosis, a common cause of refractory partial epilepsy. We report two patients with chronic epilepsy and developmental abnormalities of the hippocampus and cortex. We seek to address, in patients with recurrent convulsive seizures ove... |
2,320,325 | Diagnosis of Taxus (yew) poisoning in a horse. | A 2-year-old bay Thoroughbred colt was found dead overnight in its stall without a known history of any illness, existing disease, or toxicant exposure. No information on the clinical signs before this animal's death was reported. A full necropsy was performed the next morning and revealed a mild to moderate degree of ... |
2,320,326 | Adeno-associated virus type 4 (AAV4) targets ependyma and astrocytes in the subventricular zone and RMS. | The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the neurogenic niches in the adult mammalian brain. The SVZ is of interest for studies on neurogenesis and stem cell therapy. Here, we report specific transduction of ependyma and/or astrocytes by recombinant adeno-associated virus type 4 (AAV4) viral vectors. AAV4 vectors encodi... |
2,320,327 | Effects of central galanin administration on muscarinic cholinergic and galanin receptor G protein coupling. | The neuropeptide galanin is expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and has been implicated in neurotrophic actions. Central galanin administration induces cognitive deficits in rodents and inhibits the release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. In addition, a galanin hyperinnervation of the basal forebrain... |
2,320,328 | [Where have the neuronal stem cells of the subependymal zone gone in human beings?]. | Stem cells are characterized by their ability for self-renewal (allowing them to be present throughout the entire life of the organism) and their ability to give rise to differentiated cells belong to one or more lineages. The strict definition of these cells is however still a matter of debate. There is new experiment... |
2,320,329 | [The meninges, an anatomical point of view]. | The meninges correspond to an anatomical concept. For the morphologist, the microscopic organization, the hypothetical presence of a subdural space, the nature of the interface between the deep meningeal layer and the nervous parenchyma in the perivascular spaces are the central issues. For the clinician, dynamic aspec... |
2,320,330 | [Endoscopic ventricular anatomy]. | Neurosurgical endoscopy enables in situ exploration of the dilated ventricular system, primarily for therapeutic rather than diagnostic purposes. Ventriculocisternostomy in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus is the most widely performed endoscopic procedure. Perfect knowledge of the intraventricular anatomy is nec... |
2,320,331 | An unusual presentation of lumbosacral dermal sinus with CSF leak and meningitis. A case report and review of the literature. | Dermal sinus tracts are common skin manifestations seen with spinal dysraphism. Most of these dermal sinus tracts occur in the lumbosacral region. Though dermal sinus tracts are a common manifestation, their presentation with CSF leak is rare and important as they predispose to recurrent meningitis along with neurologi... |
2,320,332 | The role of cranial expansion for craniocephalic disproportion. | The appropriate treatment for craniocephalic disproportion, such as caused by slit ventricle syndrome, is uncertain. We have reviewed the treatment and outcomes of 4 children who underwent cranial expansion over a period of 5 years. The ages at cranial expansion were 16 months, 3 years 6 months and 2 at 6 years. Two ch... |
2,320,333 | Enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis by intraventricular S100B infusion is associated with improved cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury. | Evidence of injury-induced neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus suggests that an endogenous repair mechanism exists for cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). One factor that may be associated with this restoration is S100B, a neurotrophic/mitogenic protein produced by astrocytes, which has been... |
2,320,334 | [Three-dimensional echocardiography in assessment of left ventricular myocardial mass: comparison of the results of one-dimensional, two-dimensional echocardiography and MR tomography].<Pagination><StartPage>11</StartPage><EndPage>14</EndPage><MedlinePgn>11-4</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="AIM"... | The paper presents the results of use of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) in complex therapy for cardiogemic shock in 31 patients with perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) developed during aortocoronary bypass surgery under extracorporeal circulation (EC) and cold cardioplegia. The diagnosis of PMI was ... |
2,320,335 | Conversion of MCI to dementia: Role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a heterogeneous group of cognitive disturbances at high risk of dementia. The amnestic subtype (aMCI) might be a prodromal state of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is the identification, by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS), of modifications in br... |
2,320,336 | Dopamine modulates male sexual behavior in Japanese quail in part via actions on noradrenergic receptors. | In rats, dopamine (DA) facilitates male sexual behavior through its combined action on D1- and D2-like receptors, in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) as well as other brain areas. In Japanese quail, systemic injections of dopaminergic drugs suggested a similar pharmacology but central injections have never been performe... |
2,320,337 | Correlation of factors predicting intraoperative brain shift with successful resection of malignant brain tumors using image-guided techniques. | Intraoperative brain shift may cause inaccuracy of stereotactic image guidance on the basis of preoperatively acquired imaging data. The purpose of our study was to determine whether factors predicting brain shift affect the success of image-guided resection of malignant brain tumors.</AbstractText>We retrospectively s... |
2,320,338 | Behavioral and morphological alterations following neonatal excitotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats. | The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is essential for executive functions in mammals. Damage of the developing PFC may partly be compensated over time, but may also lead to structural and functional deficits due to neurodevelopmental disturbances. The present study investigated the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the medial P... |
2,320,339 | The membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein 25-Dx is expressed in brain regions involved in water homeostasis and is up-regulated after traumatic brain injury. | After traumatic brain injury, progesterone has important neuroprotective effects in the nervous system. There is better functional outcome and less oedema formation in pseudopregnant rat females (high levels of endogenous progesterone) than in males. In addition to intracellular progesterone receptors, membrane binding... |
2,320,340 | Short-term dexamethasone treatment for symptomatic slit ventricle syndrome. | The objective was to report our positive experience of using dexamethasone to treat 13 patients with symptomatic slit ventricle syndrome (SVS).</AbstractText>Thirteen SVS patients who received dexamethasone during acute episodes were studied. The etiology for hydrocephalus was prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhag... |
2,320,341 | Huge arachnoid cyst incorporating choroid plexus. | We report a rare case of arachnoid cyst incorporating choroid plexus. This 7-month-old girl presented with macrocrania. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging disclosed a cystic lesion arising from the left prepontine cistern extending to the left middle cranial fossa.</AbstractText>First, we performed resection of the membra... |
2,320,342 | Expression of P2X receptors in rat choroid plexus. | In this study, we have used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry to show that P2X1, P2X2, P2X4, P2X5, P2X6 and P2X7 receptor messenger RNA and protein are expressed in the rat choroid plexus taken from the fourth and lateral ventricles. In some epithelial cells, the apical surfaces we... |
2,320,343 | Neuropeptide Y protects against methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mouse striatum. | Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit drug that causes neuronal apoptosis in the mouse striatum, in a manner similar to the neuronal loss observed in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, injections of METH to mice were found to cause the death of enkephalin-positive projection neurons but not the death of n... |
2,320,344 | Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression in the postnatal rat brain following an excitotoxic injury. | BACKGROUND: In the nervous system, as in other organs, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme involved in superoxide detoxification in normal cellular metabolism and after cell injury. Although it has been suggested that immature brain has a different susceptibility to oxidative damage than ... |
2,320,345 | Migrating postmitotic neural precursor cells in the ventricular zone extend apical processes and form adherens junctions near the ventricle in the developing spinal cord. | Postmitotic neural precursors are generated in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neural tube and immediately migrate to the mantle layer (ML) where they differentiate into mature neurons. Although the regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration has extensively been studied, the behavior of the early ... |
2,320,346 | Intrathecal colistin for treatment of highly resistant Pseudomonas ventriculitis. Case report and review of the literature. | Nosocomial infections with organisms resistant to multiple antibiotic agents represent an evolving challenge in the intensive care setting, particularly in patients requiring surgical diversion of cerebrospinal fluid. The authors present the case of a 51-year-old woman who endured protracted hospitalization and require... |
2,320,347 | Brain injuries caused by spherical bolts.<Pagination><StartPage>864</StartPage><EndPage>869</EndPage><MedlinePgn>864-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECT" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Metallic particles contained in antihuman bombs increase the number of fatalities. The ballistics of these partic... | Stem cells are totipotent cells of the blastocyst (embryonal stem cells) and multipotent germinative cells of ento-, ecto-, and mesoderm that give rise to all tissues during embryogenesis. The stem cells have high proliferation activity and an unlimited capacity for self-production by symmetrical mitosis. Asymmetrical ... |
2,320,348 | Phenotypic and evolutionary plasticity of organ masses in response to voluntary exercise in house mice. | We used a novel mouse model to study the effects of selective breeding for high locomotor activity (14 generations) on relative organ sizes, hematocrit (Hct), and blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. We also examined effects of exercise training and genotype-by-environment interactions by housing animals for 8 weeks wi... |
2,320,349 | Topiramate for hyperphagia associated with a third ventricle mass. | Hypothalamic control of eating functions can be affected by different physiopathologic events or injuries. A case report of an individual with a mass in the third ventricle is presented. Neuropsychiatric manifestations included hyperphagia, agitation, and cognitive impairment. Pharmacological intervention with topirama... |
2,320,350 | Autoradiographic localisation of [3H]2-BFI imidazoline I2 binding sites in mouse brain. | Imidazoline I2 binding sites are heterogeneous in nature and have been observed in the brain of a number of species. Development of specific imidazoline I2 radioligands, such as [3H]2-BFI and [3H]BU224, that have a high affinity for the imidazoline I2 binding site, has enabled the central distribution of these sites to... |
2,320,351 | [Single plane Simpson's method for measurement of right ventricular volume by X-ray ventriculography]. | To study the validity of single plane Simpson's method with conventional X-ray ventriculography for estimation of right ventricular (RV) volume.</AbstractText>Fifteen human RV casts were obtained from 15 subjects who died from non-cardiac causes within 24 hours after death. These casts were photographed respectively an... |
2,320,352 | Spectrin breakdown products in the cerebrospinal fluid in severe head injury--preliminary observations. | Calcium-induced proteolytic processes are considered key players in the progressive pathobiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Activation of calpain and caspases after TBI leads to the cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins such as non-erythroid alpha II-spectrin. Recent reports demonstrate that the levels of spectrin an... |
2,320,353 | [Myocardial ultrastructural changes in rats following different levels of acute +Gz exposure]. | To observe the effects of different levels of acute +Gz exposure on myocardial ultrastructure of rats and provide experimental basis for further development of anti-G measures.</AbstractText>Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5): normal control group, +20 Gz group, +10 Gz group and +5 Gz gro... |
2,320,354 | Microdialysis evaluation of the brain distribution of stavudine following intranasal and intravenous administration to rats. | Intranasal (IN) administration as a potential route of enhancing brain delivery of stavudine (d4T) was investigated in rats using microdialysis as a sampling technique. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n = 7 per group). One group of animals received IN administration of 5 mg/kg d4T (50 microL); the oth... |
2,320,355 | Expression of P2X receptors on rat microglial cells during early development. | We have used single- and double-labeling immunfluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods to examine expression of P2X receptor subtypes on microglial cells of brain in late embryonic and postnatal rat, in the N9 microglial cell line and primary cultured microglial cells. P2X1, P2X... |
2,320,356 | Relationship between intracellular pH and proton mobility in rat and guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. | Intracellular H+ ion mobility in eukaryotic cells is low because of intracellular buffering. We have investigated whether Hi+ mobility varies with pHi. A dual microperfusion apparatus was used to expose guinea-pig or rat myocytes to small localized doses (3-5 mm) of ammonium chloride (applied in Hepes-buffered solution... |
2,320,357 | Long-term reliability of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | To describe the short-term operative success and the long-term reliability of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for treatment of hydrocephalus and to examine the influence of diagnosis, age, and previous shunt history on these outcomes.</AbstractText>We retrospectively analyzed 203 consecutive patients from a sing... |
2,320,358 | Hyperammonaemia reduces intracellular 22Na (sodium) ion and extracellular 86Rb ion concentrations in the blood-brain barrier of the rat. | Ammonia may be the major cerebral intoxicant responsible for the increased general or passive permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leading to the cerebral edema associated with acute liver failure. The present study investigated the effects of ammonia, as NH4+, on Na+ (22Na), K+ (86Rb), and 14C-mannitol uptake... |
2,320,359 | Tissue distribution of a human Ca v 1.2 alpha1 subunit splice variant with a 75 bp insertion. | Mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow (MSC) express mRNA encoding the L-type Ca2+ channel Ca v 1.2 alpha1 subunit (alpha(1)1.2). We now describe a splice variant including an alternative exon of 75 bp in the region between exons 9 and 10, which we identified in MSC by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. With primers spec... |
2,320,360 | Adaptive changes in cardiac myosin heavy chain and creatine kinase isozymic profiles in rats native of altitude.<Pagination><StartPage>95</StartPage><EndPage>104</EndPage><MedlinePgn>95-104</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="AIM" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The developmental changes in the myosin heavy... | Geometrical features of contraction of the left ventricle of the heart (LVH) in 41 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis marked by moderate and severe respiratory disorders without clinical signs of heart insufficiency with the help of a morphobiomechanical have been examined. The patients were selected in subgr... |
2,320,361 | Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in apparently isolated mild fetal ventriculomegaly. | To determine obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in referrals of apparently isolated mild ventriculomegaly following routine ultrasound scan, over the period 2001-2003. Specialist ultrasound and other investigations were performed. Neonatal examination and postnatal ultrasound findings were collected and local neurodevel... |
2,320,362 | Cerebrospinal fluid: postmortem biochemical study. | Postmortem phenomena can change and alter biochemical components in body fluids such as blood and as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). AIMS OF THE STUDY WERE: (a) to analyse urea, glucose, potassium, chloride, protein, creatinine, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and cortisol in CSF fluid and (b) to compare results between two a... |
2,320,363 | [Selection of surgical approach for quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cyst]. | Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of 4 cases of quadrigeminal cistern arachnoid cyst were retrospectively reviewed and patterns of extension to surrounding cisterns from the quadrigeminal cistern were examined. Relationship between patterns of extension to surrounding cisterns and selected surgical approach were ... |
2,320,364 | In situ fluorescence imaging of organs through compact scanning head for confocal laser microscopy. | We develop a compact scanning head for use in laser confocal fluorescence microscopy for in situ fluorescence imaging of organs. The head, cylindrical in shape, has 3.5 mm diameter and 30 mm length, and is thus small enough to operate in a living rat heart. The lateral and axial resolutions, defined as full widths at h... |
2,320,365 | [Morphology of vessels and vascular plexus in the rat's brain following 93-day simulation of the effects of microgravity].<Pagination><StartPage>32</StartPage><EndPage>36</EndPage><MedlinePgn>32-6</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Results of the histological analysis of the brain of rats subjected to 93-... | Results of the histological analysis of the brain of rats subjected to 93-d tail-suspension reveal morphological changes occurred to the arteries, veins and capillaries, ependymal cells of the ventricles and epithelium of the vascular plexus, and nervous and glial cells. On the one hand, these suggest venostatis and br... |
2,320,366 | [Virtual training in head- and neurosurgery].<Pagination><StartPage>335</StartPage><EndPage>344</EndPage><MedlinePgn>335-44</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Surgical skill requires training at close-to-reality scenarios. Conventional procedures (practical exer... | The efficacy of angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors in the therapy of chronic heart failure are well documented and is mainly explained by a decrease of afterload via reduction of angiotensin II formation in the vascular system and myocardium. The aim of our study was to study the effectiveness of ACCUPRO on struc... |
2,320,367 | MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and stabilizes it on the cell surface. | Delta-Notch signaling plays an essential role in cell fate determination in many tissue types, including the central nervous system. Although the signaling mechanism of Notch has been extensively studied, the behaviors of its ligands are not well understood. In the present study, we found that, in the developing neural... |
2,320,368 | Neuroanatomic deficits in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. | Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) patients exhibit compromised autonomic regulation, reduced breathing drive during sleep, diminished ventilatory responses to chemoreceptor stimulation, and diminished air hunger perception. The syndrome provides an opportunity to partition neural processes regulating b... |
2,320,369 | Suppression of leptin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and leptin responsiveness in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus during pregnancy in the rat. | Pregnancy in the rat is a state of leptin resistance associated with impaired leptin signal transduction in the hypothalamus. The aim of this study was to determine whether this leptin-resistant state is mediated by a change in the level of leptin receptors in the hypothalamus. Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine le... |
2,320,370 | Effects of neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor on ethanol intake in Wistar rats: interaction with chronic ethanol exposure. | Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) have opposing effects on stress-associated and consummatory behaviors in rodents. Recent studies also suggest that both peptides influence ethanol intake. In the present study, the effects of administration of CRF and NPY into the lateral ventricle on ethano... |
2,320,371 | Inactivation of the cerebral NFkappaB pathway inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced sickness behavior and c-Fos expression in various brain nuclei. | The behavioral effects of peripherally administered interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are mediated by the production of cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators at the level of the blood-brain interface and by activation of neural pathway. To assess whether this action is mediated by NFkappaB activation, rats were inje... |
2,320,372 | Injectable intrathecal delivery system for localized administration of EGF and FGF-2 to the injured rat spinal cord. | The administration of growth factors (GFs) for treatment of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) has shown limited benefits. One reason may be the mode of delivery to the injury site. We have developed a minimally invasive and safe drug delivery system (DDS) consisting of a highly concentrated collagen solution that c... |
2,320,373 | [Benign idiopathic external hydrocephalus (benign subdural collection) in 39 children: its natural history and relation to familial macrocephaly]. | Benign idiopathic external hydrocephalus (BIEH) is an age-dependent disorder that is self-limiting in time and has an uncertain aetiology.</AbstractText>A retrospective study was conducted involving 39 patients (16 girls and 23 boys) with BIEH. The following data were analysed for each patient: age, sex, family history... |
2,320,374 | Spontaneous haemophilus influenzae type B meningoventriculitis with intraventricular debris. | Here we report the first case of spontaneous occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae type B meningoventriculitis. A 47-year-old man suffered from fever and headache. He had neck stiffness, and his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was turbid and yellowish. Gram staining and latex agglutination test of his CSF indicated that Haemo... |
2,320,375 | Zic4, a zinc-finger transcription factor, is expressed in the developing mouse nervous system. | Zic genes comprise a family of transcription factors, characterized by the presence of a zinc-finger domain containing two cysteines and two histidines (C2-H2). Whereas the embryonic expression patterns of Zic1, 2, 3, and 5 have been described in detail, Zic4 has not yet received close attention. We studied the express... |
2,320,376 | Rapid elimination of cefaclor from the cerebrospinal fluid is mediated by a benzylpenicillin-sensitive mechanism distinct from organic anion transporter 3. | The purpose of this study was to investigate the carrier-mediated elimination of cephalosporins from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the choroid plexus. Cefaclor and cefalexin are structural analogs with similar lipophilicity, differing by only one functional group (cefaclor, -Cl; cephalexin, -CH(3)), and they are su... |
2,320,377 | Glucagon-like peptide-1, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and hypothalamic neuronal histamine interact in the leptin-signaling pathway to regulate feeding behavior. | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and hypothalamic neuronal histamine suppress food intake, a target of leptin action in the brain. This study examined the interactions of GLP-1, CRH, and histamine downstream from the leptin-signaling pathway in regulating feeding behavior. Infusio... |
2,320,378 | Minocycline attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in the neonatal rat brain. | Our previous studies have shown that intracerebral administration of endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces selective white matter injury and hypomyelination in the neonatal rat brain and that the LPS-induced brain injury is associated with activation of microglia. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of microg... |
2,320,379 | BOP, a regulator of right ventricular heart development, is a direct transcriptional target of MEF2C in the developing heart. | The vertebrate heart is assembled during embryogenesis in a modular manner from different populations of precursor cells. The right ventricular chamber and outflow tract are derived primarily from a population of progenitors known as the anterior heart field. These regions of the heart are severely hypoplastic in mutan... |
2,320,380 | A case report of prenatal diagnosis of PentaX syndrome in association with isolated borderline ventriculomegaly. | We report of case of pentaX syndrome that was diagnosed prenatally. PentaX aneuploidy is very rare with only 25 cases reported so far. This is the third case of prenatal diagnosis of pentaX syndrome in 2nd trimester. This patients underwent an amniocentesis for ventriculomegaly which confirmed the diagnosis. |
2,320,381 | Autoantibodies to folate receptors in the cerebral folate deficiency syndrome. | In infantile-onset cerebral folate deficiency, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are low, but folate levels in the serum and erythrocytes are normal. We examined serum specimens from 28 children with cerebral folate deficiency, 5 of their mothers, 28 age-matched control subjects, and 41... |
2,320,382 | Fetal schizencephaly: pre- and postnatal imaging with a review of the clinical manifestations. | Schizencephaly is a rare malformation of the central nervous system. Prenatal ultrasound (US) allows diagnosis of schizencephaly, although prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is even more specific in detection of gray matter lining the defect, communication with the ventricle, and other associated structural abnor... |
2,320,383 | Improvements in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis by utilizing a low cost "in-house" neutral pH sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. | Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is widely used for initial protein separation in proteomics. Commercial products using neutral pH sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ((SDS-PAGE)/(Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) imino-tris (hydroxymethyl) methane-HCl, or Bis-Tris)) have greatly improved this techni... |
2,320,384 | Prevalence of hydrocephalus in 157 patients with vestibular schwannoma. | The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hydrocephalus in patients with vestibular schwannoma. A second objective was to investigate possible etiologies for hydrocephalus in this population by attempting to correlate the incidence and severity of hydrocephalus with tumor volume and extent of fourth ... |
2,320,385 | The gravity-assisted Paedi-Gav valve in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. | A single-center, prospective, nonrandomized pilot study was performed to assess the Paedi-Gav gravity-assisted valve for the treatment of pediatric patients with hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Participants were pediatric patients (age <16 years) who were candidates for a hydrocephalus shunt system that required a valv... |
2,320,386 | Galanin and alcohol dependence: neurobehavioral research. | It is known that microinjection of galanin (GAL) intraventricularly or in specific hypothalamic sites increases food consumption and, conversely, the intake of food increases the expression of GAL in hypothalamic sites. Ethanol (EtOH) is a calorie-rich food as well as a drug of abuse. The research reviewed here shows t... |
2,320,387 | Navigator system-assisted endoscopic fenestration of a symptomatic cyst in the septum pellucidum--technique and cases report. | Expanding cysts of the septum pellucidum are rare and frequently manifest as intermittent headaches. Although the technique of endoscopic fenestration has been used since 1999, only a limited number of cases have been reported. We have added the use of a navigator system to guide keyhole creation and endoscopic access.... |
2,320,388 | Comparison of ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid T cells in non-inflammatory neurological disorder (NIND) patients. | The aim of the present study was to define the cellular composition of ventricular, as compared with lumbar, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND). We addressed this issue by determining the cellular composition of lumbar CSF from patients with normal pressure hydroce... |
2,320,389 | Effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) on MRI measures of cerebral volume in Alzheimer disease. | Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cerebral atrophy that may be measured using MRI. Reported are MRI findings of a Phase IIa immunotherapy trial in AD prematurely terminated owing to meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients.</AbstractText>To assess cerebral volume changes in patients immunized wi... |
2,320,390 | Functional characterization of novel alternatively spliced ClC-2 chloride channel variants in the heart. | A novel volume-regulated hyperpolarization-activated chloride inward rectifier channel (Cl.ir) was identified in mammalian heart. To investigate whether ClC-2 is the gene encoding Cl.ir channels in heart, ClC-2 cDNAs cloned from rat (rClC-2) and guinea pig (gpClC-2) hearts were functionally characterized. When expresse... |
2,320,391 | Ependymal epithelium disruption after vanadium pentoxide inhalation. A mice experimental model. | The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the CNS against chemical insults. Regulation of blood-brain tissue exchange is accomplished by ependymal cells, which possess intercellular tight junctions. Loss of BBB function is an etiologic component of many neurological disorders. Vanadium (V) is a metalloid widely distribute... |
2,320,392 | 5-HT2A-mu opioid receptor mechanisms in the hypothalamus mediate interleukin-1beta fever in rats. | Direct administration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) into the lateral cerebral ventricle of rat brain, in addition to inducing febrile responses, upregulated the immunoreactivity of tryptophan hydroxylase in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus. The fever induced by IL-1beta was significantly attenuated by pretreatment ... |
2,320,393 | Id4 is required for the correct timing of neural differentiation. | Complex intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms determine neural cell fate during development of the nervous system. Using Id4 deficient mice, we show that Id4 is required for normal development of the central nervous system (CNS), timing neural differentiation in the developing forebrain. In the absence of Id4, the ventric... |
2,320,394 | [Stimulation of physiological functions in cooled rats without rewarming after introducing ethylenediaminetetraacetate into lateral ventricles of the brain]. | On cooling the animals to the rectum temperature from approximately 37 to 24-28 degrees C the decreases were shown to occur in the frequency and amplitude of respiration motions, in the intensity of muscle electrical activity (thermoregulation muscle tone and cold muscle shivering), in the frequency of heart contractio... |
2,320,395 | Multicentric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors occurring in the eye and fourth ventricle of an infant: case report. | Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are aggressive malignant tumors found in infants and young children. The tumor is characterized by the presence of a rhabdoid cell component in all cases, but the histological origin is still unclear. Recently, germline mutation of the hSNF5/INI1 gene has been reported in asso... |
2,320,396 | Detection of JC virus DNA sequences in brain tumors in pediatric patients. | The JC virus is a human neurotropic polyomavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and is closely related to simian virus 40. Several recent reports have indicated a possible association between the JC virus and the development of various human brain tumors. The authors examined the presence of JC ... |
2,320,397 | The apparent inversion time for optimal delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging differs between the right and left ventricles. | Delayed post-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging involves suppression of signal from myocardium using inversion times (TI) between 150-225 ms, when the myocardium appears dark and fibrotic scar appears bright. We noticed that at a TI optimized for signal suppression of the left ventricle (LV), the right ventricle ... |
2,320,398 | Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome: the brain malformation defines a core phenotype. | Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome (OCCS) is characterised by orbital cysts and anophthalmia or microphthalmia, focal aplastic or hypoplastic skin defects, skin appendages, and brain malformations. The eye and skin abnormalities are well described but the neuropathological features less so. To date, 28 patients with an une... |
2,320,399 | Modification of alterations in cardiac function and sarcoplasmic reticulum by vanadate in ischemic-reperfused rat hearts. | To study the cardioprotective effects of vanadate on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, isolated rat hearts perfused at constant flow were subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min. In this experimental model, I/R markedly decreased ventricular developed pressure and increased end-diast... |
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