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2,320,400 | [Prolapse and herniation of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity as a diagnostic problem in pulmonology]. | In this case report it was shown five cases of passing abdominal organs in thoracic cavum. All of them were women more than 70 years old with symptoms of respiratory illnesses. Their chest-X ray has shown various shadows. They had a long antibiotic treatment in outpatient department before sending to hospital under sus... |
2,320,401 | Low-grade glial tumor with features of astroblastoma in a dog. | A 12-year-old, neutered, male Belgian Malinois/Great Dane cross dog presented with a 5-month history of weakness and lack of endurance followed by acute onset of rear limb ataxia. At autopsy, a 9 x 16 mm, multilobular, firm, white to tan, expansile mass was found in the cerebellum. Mild dilatation of the lateral ventri... |
2,320,402 | Polysialic acid facilitates tumor invasion by glioma cells. | Polysialic acid (PSA) is thought to attenuate neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) adhesion, thereby facilitating neural cell migration and regeneration. Although the expression of PSA has been shown to correlate with the progression of certain tumors such as small cell lung carcinoma, there have been no studies to det... |
2,320,403 | Intraventricular chordoid meningioma presenting with Castleman disease due to overproduction of interleukin-6. Case report. | A rare case of chordoid meningioma in the lateral ventricle observed in an adult is reported. The first clinical manifestation of the disease was a prolonged fever of unknown origin. Abnormalities in the patient's blood chemistry, principally polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (immunoglobulin [Ig]G, IgA, and markedly Ig... |
2,320,404 | [The use of neuroendoscopy in the treatment of intraventricular and paraventricular brain tumors]. | Because of their deep location, intra- and para- ventricular brain tumors pose an important therapeutic issue. Technical difficulties during the operation often result from the alteration of anatomy produced by the tumor, which brings about the risk of injury to functionally important structures. The authors assess cli... |
2,320,405 | Electrical activity alterations induced by chronic absorption of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) trace concentrations in adult rat heart. | The heart of adult rat offspring, born to mothers treated with trace concentrations of lindane (0.5 to 2 ppb) through a beverage and to mothers chronically treated with lindane (CL-T) with the same trace concentration, also through a beverage, during lactation and growth has a round shape and accumulates lindane. The l... |
2,320,406 | Striatal expression of GDNF and differential vulnerability of midbrain dopaminergic cells. | Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily that when exogenously administrated exerts a potent trophic action on dopaminergic (DA) cells. Although we know a lot about its signalling mechanisms and pharmacological effects, physiological actions of GD... |
2,320,407 | C-mode real-time tomographic reflection for a matrix array ultrasound sonic flashlight. | Real-time tomographic reflection (RTTR) permits in situ visualization of tomographic images so that natural hand-eye coordination can be used directly during invasive procedures. The method uses a half-silvered mirror to merge the visual outer surface of the patient with a simultaneous scan of the patient's interior wi... |
2,320,408 | Maintaining appearances--the role of p53 in adult neurogenesis. | In the adult mammalian brain, neuronal turnover continues to replenish cells in existing neuronal circuits, such as those involved either in odor discrimination or in learning and memory, throughout life. With age, however, the capacity for neurogenesis diminishes and these functions become impaired. Neuronal turnover ... |
2,320,409 | Cerebral MRI findings in very-low-birth-weight and small-for-gestational-age children at 15 years of age. | A high prevalence of abnormal cerebral MRI findings has been reported in low-birth-weight children.</AbstractText>To compare MRI findings in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) and term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children with controls in early adolescence.</AbstractText>Cerebral MRI was used to examine 55 VLBW, 54 SGA a... |
2,320,410 | Gestation-induced cell proliferation in the rat brain. | The states of pregnancy and lactation bring about a range of physiological and behavioral changes in the adult mammal that prepare the mother to care for her young. In the present study, the effects of pregnancy on cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in female rats were examined. This region has been id... |
2,320,411 | N-acetylcysteine inhibits hypoxic pulmonary hypertension most effectively in the initial phase of chronic hypoxia. | Exposure to chronic hypoxia results in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). In rats HPH develops during the first two weeks of exposure to hypoxia, then it stabilizes and does not increase in severity. We hypothesize that free radical injury to pulmonary vascular wall is an important mechanism in the early days of the... |
2,320,412 | Supratentorial extraventricular ependymal neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 32 patients. | Published research on the clinicopathologic features of extraventricular ependymal neoplasms of the cerebral hemispheres has been scant.</AbstractText>Thirty-two archival cases were studied to investigate the prognostic impact of clinicopathologic parameters including flow cytometry, the proliferation (Ki-67) labeling ... |
2,320,413 | Transcriptional activation of nucleus tractus solitarii/area postrema catecholaminergic neurons by pharmacological inhibition of caudal hindbrain monocarboxylate transporter function. | Evidence that intracerebral lactate administration alters electrophysiological sensitivity of metabolic-signaling neurons and hypoglycemic counterregulation suggests that this substrate fuel is a monitored indicator of in central nervous system energy balance. Catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the caudal hindbrain nucl... |
2,320,414 | Post-exercise heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen uptake dynamics in pediatric patients with Fontan circulation Comparison with patients after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. | Post-exercise heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V O(2)) recover more slowly in patients with the Fontan circulation, but little is known about the determinants of the delayed recovery.</AbstractText>To evaluate the post-exercise cardiovascular dynamics and clinical profiles in these patients.</AbstractText>We studied ... |
2,320,415 | Risperidone potentiates the sympathetic and hyperthermic reactions induced by orexin A in the rat. | This experiment tested the effect of risperidone on the sympathetic and thermogenic effects induced by orexin A. The firing rates of sympathetic nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), along with IBAT and colon temperatures and heart rate were monitored in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats bef... |
2,320,416 | Increased gray-matter volume in medication-naive high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. | To establish whether high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have enlarged brains in later childhood, and if so, whether this enlargement is confined to the gray and/or to the white matter and whether it is global or more prominent in specific brain regions.</AbstractText>Brain MRI scans were acqu... |
2,320,417 | Localization of prolactin receptor in the newt brain. | In the male newt Cynops pyrrhogaster, prolactin (PRL) acts directly on the central nervous system and induces courtship behavior. As a step to elucidate the localization of neurons on which PRL acts, we developed a polyclonal antibody against an oligopeptide having a sequence completely identical with a part of the seq... |
2,320,418 | Diffuse choroid plexus hyperplasia: an under-diagnosed cause of hydrocephalus in children? | Hydrocephalus is a common neurological disorder in children and the result of a variety of causes. However, with the advancement of imaging modalities, particularly MRI, previously reported rarer causes of hydrocephalus in children are now being more readily appreciated. We report an 11-year-old boy with diffuse villou... |
2,320,419 | Near-miss injection of an anesthetic agent into a cerebrospinal fluid external ventricular drain: special report. | Human error has been increasingly recognized as a cause of patient morbidity and mortality. One method of error prevention is the reporting of a near-miss event. We report that intravenous anesthetic agents were nearly injected into the external ventricular drainage (EVD) of a patient during an emergency shunt procedur... |
2,320,420 | Schizophrenia syndromes associated with changes in ventricle-to-brain ratios: a serial high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging study in first-episode schizophrenia patients using subvoxel registration and semiautomated quantification. | A cohort of patients with first-episode schizophrenia was dichotomised into two age- and sex-matched groups of clinical syndromes, the active and withdrawn, and underwent high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 8 months later. A cohort of age- and sex-matched normal controls was als... |
2,320,421 | Cerebellar liponeurocytoma. | A case of cerebellar liponeurocytoma in a 34-year-old man is reported. There are only 19 other cases reporting this entity in the medical literature. The diagnostic, radiological and clinical features associated with this tumour are reviewed and discussed in relation to our case. The differences in behaviour and progno... |
2,320,422 | Restoration of aspartoacylase activity in CNS neurons does not ameliorate motor deficits and demyelination in a model of Canavan disease. | Canavan disease is an early onset leukodystrophy associated with psychomotor retardation, seizures, and premature death. This disorder is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA). Normally, ASPA is enriched in oligodendrocytes and ASPA deficiency results in elevated levels of its substr... |
2,320,423 | Innate (inherent) control of brain infection, brain inflammation and brain repair: the role of microglia, astrocytes, "protective" glial stem cells and stromal ependymal cells. | In invertebrates and primitive vertebrates, the brain contains large numbers of "professional" macrophages associated with neurones, ependymal tanycytes and radial glia to promote robust regenerative capacity. In higher vertebrates, hematogenous cells are largely excluded from the brain, and innate immune molecules and... |
2,320,424 | Developmental outcome of children who had choroid plexus cysts detected prenatally. | The purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive, motor, language and adaptive behavior development in children who had isolated choroid plexus cysts (CPC) detected prenatally.</AbstractText>A retrospective double cohort design and standardized psychometric measures were used to compare the development of children w... |
2,320,425 | Enhanced expression of fibrillin-1, a constituent of the myocardial extracellular matrix in fibrosis. | Fibrillin-1 localization in the myocardium and the modulation of its expression in cardiac fibrosis were examined. In normal rat hearts, fibrillin-1 was abundant throughout the myocardium as thin fibers that crossed over the perimysium and around arteries. After cardiac fibrosis was induced in rats by either 14-day ANG... |
2,320,426 | Ceftriaxone-induced symptomatic pseudolithiasis mimicking ICP elevation. | In neurosurgery, ceftriaxone is a widely used, third generation cephalosporin for the treatment of CNS infections and perioperational prophylaxis. Recent studies have demonstrated that ceftriaxone induces reversible precipitates in the gallbladder. This complication is referred to as "biliary pseudolithiasis", and it h... |
2,320,427 | Synthesis of transthyretin by the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ. | Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormones in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The only known source of brain-produced TTR is the choroid plexus. In the present investigation, we have identified the subcommissural organ (SCO) as a new source of brain TTR. The SCO is an ependymal ... |
2,320,428 | Central relaxin-3 administration causes hyperphagia in male Wistar rats. | Relaxin-3 (INSL-7) is a recently discovered member of the insulin superfamily. Relaxin-3 mRNA is expressed in the nucleus incertus of the brainstem, which has projections to the hypothalamus. Relaxin-3 binds with high affinity to the LGR7 receptor and to the previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPCR135. GPCR135... |
2,320,429 | Double-chambered right ventricle: magnetic resonance imaging findings. | Primary double-chambered right ventricle is an uncommon congenital anomaly that presents with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in childhood or adolescence. A search of the literature revealed only a few documented case reports with MRI findings. We present a case with mixed lesions, and with anomalous muscle... |
2,320,430 | Selection strategies for body weight and reduced ascites susceptibility in broilers. | Ascites syndrome is a metabolic disorder in broilers. Mortality due to ascites results in significant economic losses and has a negative impact on animal welfare. It has been shown that genetic factors play a considerable role in susceptibility of birds to ascites, which offers perspectives for selection against this s... |
2,320,431 | Black blood gradient echo cine magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse heart. | A black blood gradient echo sequence for multiphase cardiac MRI of the mouse heart was implemented on a 4.7-T scanner and compared to a conventional bright blood sequence. Black blood was achieved using the double inversion recovery technique. Ten mice were imaged using both the bright and the black blood sequences, an... |
2,320,432 | Pseudocystic cryptococcal meningitis complicated by transient periaqueductal obstruction in a child with HIV infection. | We describe a 10-year-old human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected girl who presented with pseudocystic cryptococcal meningitis complicated by hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal obstruction. The neuroradiological features of this case are presented and we also postulate on the pathogenesis of the type of hydroce... |
2,320,433 | Conditioned medium of the primary culture of rat choroid plexus epithelial (modified ependymal) cells enhances neurite outgrowth and survival of hippocampal neurons. | The choroid plexus epithelial (modified ependymal) cells (CPECs) are specialized for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and serve as blood-CSF barrier. It is suggested that, in addition to CSF production, the CPECs may regulate CNS function through expression of secretory factors into CSF. There have been reports tha... |
2,320,434 | Clinical rating of cortical atrophy and cognitive correlates following traumatic brain injury. | We report on the utility of using a rapid, easy-to-use, visually based semi-quantitative neuroimaging atrophy rating scale in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and normal control subjects. Magnetic resonance (MR) scans were rated using a standardized semi-quantitative MR rating method. A four-point scale wa... |
2,320,435 | Subependymal zone: immunohistochemically distinct compartment in the adult mammalian forebrain. | The subependymal zone (SEZ) lining lateral walls of the lateral cerebral ventricles represents the site of active neurogenesis in the brain of adult mammals. Peroxidase immunohistochemistry performed in paraffin-embedded sections reveals that structural organization of the SEZ differs from other regions in the brain. T... |
2,320,436 | Cognitive functions in relation to MRI findings 30 years after traumatic brain injury. | The aim of the study was to relate cognitive effects of a remote traumatic brain injury (TBI) to MRI findings and severity of injury.</AbstractText>Sixty-one patients were assessed on average 30 years after a TBI of variable severity. A comprehensive cognitive test battery was used to evaluate memory, executive functio... |
2,320,437 | The association of cardiovascular responses with brain c-fos expression after central carbachol in the near-term ovine fetus. | Central cholinergic mechanisms play important roles in the control of cardiovascular responses. However, in utero development of brain cholinergic mechanism in regulation of arterial pressure before birth is largely unknown. This study investigated cardiovascular responses to central application of carbachol in fetuses... |
2,320,438 | Neuroanatomical pathways for thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus. | Recent findings point to an increasing number of hypothalamic proteins involved in the central regulation of thyroid hormone feedback. The functional neuroanatomy of these proteins in the human hypothalamus is largely unknown at present.</AbstractText>The aim of this study was to report the distribution of type II and ... |
2,320,439 | [Age-related characteristics of mast cells in choroid plexus of human brain ventricles]. | Mast cells of choroid plexus of lateral, III and brain IV ventricles were studied in humans aged 21 to 88 years. Mast cell number, degranulation and saturation with biologically active substances (BAS) were defined and appropriate indexes subsequently calculated. Mast cell population in the given localization was found... |
2,320,440 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activator fenofibrate inhibits endothelin-1-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation. | Endothelin-1 has been known to promote tissue fibrosis. We previously reported in our animal experiments that a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) inhibited cardiac fibrosis with suppression of endothelin-1 production, and it was also reported that PPARalpha activation suppressed the productio... |
2,320,441 | Posttranscriptional activation of BNP gene expression in response to increased left ventricular wall stress: role of calcineurin and PKC. | To study the molecular mechanisms for load-induced activation of BNP gene expression, increased wall stress was imposed on isolated isovolumetrically beating adult rat hearts by distension of a fluid filled balloon within the left ventricle. The wall stress for 2 h resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in the expression of B... |
2,320,442 | GABAB receptors in the medial septum/diagonal band slice from 16-25 day rat. | GABA(B) receptors are believed to play a role in rhythmic activity in the mammalian brain. The aim of our study was to examine the presynaptic and postsynaptic locations of these receptors in the medial septal diagonal band area (MS/DB), an area known to pace the hippocampus theta rhythm. Whole-cell patch recordings we... |
2,320,443 | The distribution of progenitor cells in the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricle in the normal and Huntington's disease human brain. | The recent demonstration of endogenous stem/progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain raises the exciting possibility that these undifferentiated cells may be able to generate new neurons for cell replacement in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD). Previous studies have shown that neural st... |
2,320,444 | Genetic parameters of ascites-related traits in broilers: correlations with feed efficiency and carcase traits. | (1) Pulmonary hypertension syndrome followed by ascites is a metabolic disorder in broilers that occurs more often in fast-growing birds and at cool temperatures. (2) Knowledge of the genetic relationships among ascites-related traits and performance traits like carcase traits or feed efficiency traits is required to d... |
2,320,445 | Expression patterns of the three Teashirt-related genes define specific boundaries in the developing and postnatal mouse forebrain. | We compare the expression patterns of the three mouse Teashirt (mTsh) genes during development of the forebrain and at a postnatal stage. During development, mTsh genes are expressed in domains that are restricted both dorsoventrally and rostrocaudally, with major changes in expression level coinciding with compartment... |
2,320,446 | Correlation of midbrain diameter and gait disturbance in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. | Although gait disturbance is an important feature of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), only tentative theories have been offered to explain its pathophysiology. It has been suggested that the mesencephalic locomotor region is the anatomical substrate for the development of the hypokinetic NPH gait. To inv... |
2,320,447 | Associations between alcohol intake and brain volumes in male and female moderate drinkers. | Alcohol-dependent individuals have brain volume loss. Possibly, moderate drinkers who are not alcohol dependent have similar but less prominent brain damage. The authors investigated whether current or lifetime alcohol intake is related to volumes of total brain, cerebellum, ventricles, peripheral cerebrospinal fluid, ... |
2,320,448 | Choroid plexus selectively accumulates T-lymphocytes in normal controls and after peripheral immune activation. | We determined T-lymphocyte migration into brain and choroid plexus (CPx) after enterotoxin-induced systemic immune activation. CPx T-lymphocytes/mm2 in control mice were > 3 logs more numerous than brain and increased by as much as 150-fold by post-enterotoxin Day 3 (p < 0.01). Flow cytometry of pooled CPx confir... |
2,320,449 | Transcriptome analysis in primary neural stem cells using a tag cDNA amplification method. | Neural stem cells (NSCs) can be isolated from the adult mammalian brain and expanded in culture, in the form of cellular aggregates called neurospheres. Neurospheres provide an in vitro model for studying NSC behaviour and give information on the factors and mechanisms that govern their proliferation and differentiatio... |
2,320,450 | Predominantly upper limb weakness, enlarged cisterna magna, and borderline intelligence in a child with de novo mutation of the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene. | We present a 10-year-old boy from nonconsanguineous parents of Libyan (Sephardi) Jewish origin. Mild dysmorphism, hypotonia, and clubfoot deformities were noted at birth. On follow-up, he had borderline intelligence and nonprogressive muscle weakness, predominantly in the upper extremities. Physical examination reveale... |
2,320,451 | Neuroendoscopic removal of large choroid plexus cyst: a case report. | Choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are the most common neuroepithelial cysts, occurring in more than 50% of some autopsy series. They are typically small and asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally in older patients, usually in the trigone of the lateral ventricle. Symptomatic CPCs (usually exceptionally large, 2-8 cm) a... |
2,320,452 | Regulation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide by estradiol: effect on tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. | We evaluated the capacity of estradiol (E(2)) to regulate PTHrP production, cell growth, tumor growth, and metastasis to the skeleton in breast cancer. In estrogen receptor (ER)-negative human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and cells transfected with full-length cDNA encoding ER (S-30), E(2) caused a marked decrease ... |
2,320,453 | Transient outward potassium current, 'Ito', phenotypes in the mammalian left ventricle: underlying molecular, cellular and biophysical mechanisms. | At least two functionally distinct transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) phenotypes can exist across the free wall of the left ventricle (LV). Based upon their voltage-dependent kinetics of recovery from inactivation, these two phenotypes are designated 'I(to,fast)' (recovery time constants on the order of tens of mil... |
2,320,454 | Alcohol alters insulin-like growth factor-1 activated oct 2 POU domain gene expression in the immature female hypothalamus. | The Oct 2 POU homeodomain gene has been shown to increase during late juvenile development; the upstream control of Oct 2 is not known, however. The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to act centrally to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LHRH) release and advance female puberty. We theref... |
2,320,455 | [Effect of microinjection of atrial natriuretic peptide into the paraventricular nucleus on baroreflex sensitivity in conscious rats]. | The role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the central regulation of the circulation is known to be a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator, but its actions on baroreceptor reflex function are not fully resolved. The present study examined the role of ANP (6, 60 ng/0.2 microl) by direct microinjection into the hypo... |
2,320,456 | Detection of beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid after intrastriatal microinjection into the rat brain. | We have investigated to what extent microinjected beta-endorphin could migrate from the rat brain parenchyma into the CSF compartment. Exogenous rat beta-endorphin (0.1 nmol) was microinjected into the left striatum 1 mm from the lateral ventricle in anesthetized male rats. CSF samples were collected at different time ... |
2,320,457 | Effects of Abeta25-35 on neurogenesis in the adult mouse subventricular zone and dentate gyrus. | It has been demonstrated that neuorgenesis driven by neural precursor cells persists well into the adult period. This study was to observe the effects of Amyloid-beta (25-35) peptide (Abeta(25-35)) on neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of adult mouse brain. Aggregated Abeta(25-35)(1 mg/ml, 3 micr... |
2,320,458 | Congenital intracranial immature teratoma of the lateral ventricle: a case report and review of the literature. | Congenital intracranial tumors are very rare and only account for 0.5-1.5% of all childhood brain tumors. The most common type of these tumors present at birth is teratomas, which represent 0.5% of all intracranial tumors. Most teratomas are midline tumors located predominantly in the sellar and pineal regions. In this... |
2,320,459 | [Modified Komeda-David operation for postinfarction ventricular septal perforation]. | The infarct exclusion technique with a xeno-pericardial patch which Komeda and associates firstly reported in 1990 is one of the best procedure to close ventricular septal perforation. A large patch can protect the perforation and the surrounding weak tissue from the internal left ventricular pressure. However, suturin... |
2,320,460 | Proliferation dynamics of germinative zone cells in the intact and excitotoxically lesioned postnatal rat brain. | The forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb pathway and hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) generate neurons into adulthood in the mammalian brain. Neurogenesis increases after injury to the adult brain, but few studies examine the effect of injury on neural and glial precursors in the postnatal brain. To cha... |
2,320,461 | A comparative study of the action of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate in steroid-eluting pacemaker leads. | The aim of this study was to characterize acute and medium-term pacemaker lead performance with the two most commonly used glucocorticosteroids: dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate.</AbstractText>Forty sets of atrial and ventricular passive-fixation leads containing either dexamethasone sodium phos... |
2,320,462 | Pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the human brain. | Disturbances of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the brain can lead to hydrocephalus, a condition affecting thousands of people annually in the US. Considerable controversy exists about fluid and pressure dynamics, and about how the brain responds to changes in flow patterns and compression in hydrocephalus. This ... |
2,320,463 | Anterograde ventricular irrigation during fourth ventricle region surgery. | To reduce postoperative hydrocephalus following surgery in the region of the fourth ventricle. METHOD/TECHNIQUE: We describe the use of a conventionally placed lateral ventricular catheter to facilitate anterograde ventricular irrigation during surgery in the region of the fourth ventricle. This technique offers a safe... |
2,320,464 | Nonmammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone molecules in the brain of promoter transgenic rats. | Mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) and nonmammalian immunoreactive GnRH subtypes were examined in transgenic rats carrying an enhanced GFP (EGFP) reporter gene driven by a rat GnRH1 promoter. Double-label immunocytochemistry was performed on EGFP(+)/GnRH1 brain sections by using antisera against GnRH1, Gn... |
2,320,465 | Recurrent Candida tropicalis meningitis. | Candida meningitis, a previously rare occurrence, has been increasing in prevalence and often is a result of complications of neurosurgery. We describe the case of a 49-year-old man who presented with headache, vertigo, intermittent blurred vision, and multiple episodes of nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) ... |
2,320,466 | Peculiar venous lesions in fatal hyponatremic brain edema. | A 19-year-old woman with a 3-year history of schizophrenia suddenly began to vomit, and rapidly developed a coma an hour after the onset of vomiting. A brain CT scan showed diffuse brain edema with compression of the ventricles. Laboratory tests showed a low serum sodium concentration of 117 mmol/L. She died 67 h after... |
2,320,467 | [Radiation-induced intracerebral cavernous angioma]. | Recently, there have been several case reports of cavernous angiomas appearing after radiation to the brain, typically in children. The time interval between irradiation and the detection of the cavernous angioma varied from three to nine years and the doses from 24 to 60 grays. We report the appearance of a cavernous ... |
2,320,468 | Neurocysticercosis presenting as sudden death. | We report an acute case of a native woman from Peru suffering with cephalalgia which rapidly worsened and ended in her sudden and unexpected death. Brain CT scan showed hydrocephalus and intraventricular calcifications. Histopathological study revealed the presence of intraventricular taenia solium cysts which caused b... |
2,320,469 | Does prolactin influence the hypothalamo-pituitary GnRH-LH system in preovulatory-phase ewes? | The effects of prolonged infusions of prolactin (PRL) into the third ventricle of the brain of cycling ewes on the secretory activity of hypothalamic GnRH neurons and pituitary LH cells in the pars distalis during the proestrous day were studied. Mature Blackhead ewes were infused with vehicle (control, n=5) or with pr... |
2,320,470 | Compartmentalization of HIV-1 in the central nervous system: role of the choroid plexus. | To determine the genetic and phenotypic composition of HIV-1 found in the choroid plexus (CPx) and its relationship to virus in the brain and peripheral lymphoid tissue.</AbstractText>Phenotypic and molecular comparisons of HIV-1 found in autopsy brain, CPx, and spleen tissues.</AbstractText>HIV-1 was co-cultured from ... |
2,320,471 | Choroid plexus and aquaporin-1: a novel explanation of cerebrospinal fluid production. | Aquaporins are selective water channel proteins that play a central role in the homeostasis of human body water. The choroid plexus (CP) is considered to be the main cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-producing structure. In this study, six specimens of normal human CP obtained during surgery were analyzed by immunohistochemist... |
2,320,472 | Lumbar CSF shunting preferentially drains the cerebral subarachnoid over the ventricular spaces: implications for the treatment of slit ventricle syndrome. | Based on a proposed pathophysiology of slit ventricle syndrome (SVS), we have hypothesized that lumboperitoneal shunting exerts effects in SVS patients by increasing the buffering capacity for raised intracranial pressure (ICP) via an increase in cerebrospinal fluid drainage from the cerebral subarachnoid space (SAS). ... |
2,320,473 | The problematic slit ventricle syndrome. A review of the literature and proposed algorithm for treatment. | This review discusses the clinical difficulties with the so-called slit ventricle syndrome. It discusses why this terminology makes it difficult to formulate treatment algorithms. Slit ventricle syndrome should probably be known as the non-compliant ventricle syndrome to avoid confusion of radiological 'slit ventricles... |
2,320,474 | The slit ventricle syndrome: advances based on technology and understanding. | Despite many articles on slit ventricle syndrome (SVS) over the last 25 years, accepted terminology regarding the definition of this condition is lacking. Any shunted individual with a severe headache disorder in the context of ventricles that are normal or smaller than normal can be said to suffer from SVS, even thoug... |
2,320,475 | The biological and chemical basis for tissue-selective amyloid disease. | Factors controlling the onset and progression of extracellular amyloid diseases remain largely unknown. Central to disease etiology is the efficiency of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) machinery that targets destabilized mutant proteins for degradation and the enhanced tendency of these variants to aggregate if secreted... |
2,320,476 | Nuclear localization of Annexin A7 during murine brain development. | Annexin A7 is a member of the annexin protein family, which is characterized by its ability to interact with phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+-ions and which is thought to function in Ca2+-homeostasis. Results from mutant mice showed altered Ca2+-wave propagation in astrocytes. As the appearance and distribution of... |
2,320,477 | [Transitory headaches caused by a colloid cyst of the third ventricle]. | A 34-year-old man had a history of short-lasting episodes of rotatory vertigo followed by severe headache, provoked by sudden movements of the head and body. MRI of the brain revealed hydrocephalus secondary to a colloid cyst at the level of the foramen of Monro. The patient underwent microsurgery, after which he remai... |
2,320,478 | Neuroendoscopic observation of a large anterior communicating artery aneurysm.<Pagination><StartPage>E873</StartPage><MedlinePgn>E873</MedlinePgn></Pagination><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schonauer</LastName><ForeName>Claudio</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><Last... | Approximately 10% of endocardial cushion defects exhibit unbalance at the atrioventricular inlet. When the atrioventricular valve sits more over one ventricle than the other, the contralateral ventricle is typically hypoplastic. Surgical intervention for unbalanced atrioventricular canal has a much higher morbidity and... |
2,320,479 | Effects of pancreatic polypeptide on pancreas-projecting rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons. | We investigated the pre- and postsynaptic effects of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) on identified pancreas-projecting neurons of the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in thin brain stem slices. Perfusion with PP induced a TTX- and apamin-sensitive, concentration-dependent outward (22% of neurons) or inward current (21... |
2,320,480 | Local recovery of Ca2+ release in rat ventricular myocytes. | Excitation-contraction coupling in the heart depends on the positive feedback process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). While CICR provides for robust triggering of Ca2+ sparks, the mechanisms underlying their termination remain unknown. At present, it is unclear how a cluster of Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine rec... |
2,320,481 | A screen for secreted factors of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. | The circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives daily locomotor activity rhythms presumably by secreting diffusible factors whose target sites are accessible from the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. This article describes the methodology of a systematic molecular and behavioral screen to identify "... |
2,320,482 | Intraventricular injections of tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist reduce the gain of the baroreflex in unrestrained rats. | The tachykinin neuropeptides acting at NK3 receptors affect mean arterial pressure (MAP) through both neuroendocrine and neural mechanisms. NK3 receptors are found in brainstem nuclei that mediate the baroreflex, but the effects of NK3 receptor stimulation on baroreflex function are unknown. The present study tests the... |
2,320,483 | Activation of the PI3-K/Akt pathway mediates cGMP enhanced-neurogenesis in the adult progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone. | The intracellular mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis remain unclear. Using neurospheres isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult rat, we investigated the effect of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and its signaling pathway on the induction of neurogenesis. Neurospheres expressed phosphodiesteras... |
2,320,484 | Developmental neuropathology of the second half of gestation. | In this review we focus primarily on the events taking place in the second half of gestation. At second trimester end, human brain weight gain accelerates rapidly. Germinal matrix attains maximal absolute volume, only to ablate 50% over two gestational weeks. At 10 weeks of gestation interhemispheric, choroidal, and tr... |
2,320,485 | PD-168077, a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist, induces penile erection when injected into the paraventricular nucleus of male rats. | The effect of PD-168077 (N-methyl-4-(2-cyanophenyl)piperazynil-3-methylbenzamide maleate), a selective D4 dopamine receptor agonist, injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus on penile erection was studied in male rats. PD-168077 (1-200 ng) induced penile erection in a dose-dependent manner. The min... |
2,320,486 | Alterations in brain Protein Kinase A activity and reversal of morphine tolerance by two fragments of native Protein Kinase A inhibitor peptide (PKI). | Two peptide fragments of native Protein Kinase A inhibitor (PKI), PKI-(6-22)-amide and PKI-(Myr-14-22)-amide, significantly reversed low-level morphine antinociceptive tolerance in mice. The inhibition of Protein Kinase A (PKA) activity by both peptide fragments was then measured in specific brain regions (thalamus, pe... |
2,320,487 | Structural brain changes in bipolar disorder using deformation field morphometry. | The objective of this study was to investigate anatomical brain abnormalities in adult bipolar patients using a deformation field morphometry technique. Our sample consisted of 32 right-handed bipolar I patients (men/women=16/16) and 32 right-handed, age and gender matched healthy controls. Deformation field morphometr... |
2,320,488 | An exceptional Albanian family with seven children presenting with dysmorphic features and mental retardation: maternal phenylketonuria. | Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism which can cause severe damage to the patient or, in the case of maternal phenylketonuria, to the foetus. The maternal phenylketonuria syndrome is caused by high blood phenylalanine concentrations during pregnancy and presents with serious foetal anomalies, esp... |
2,320,489 | Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. | Pathomorphologic brain changes occurring as early as first-episode schizophrenia have been extensively described. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that these changes may be progressive and associated with clinical outcome. This raises the possibility that antipsychotics might alter such pathomorphologic progressi... |
2,320,490 | Spatial resolution of fMRI in the human parasylvian cortex: comparison of somatosensory and auditory activation. | In spite of its outstanding spatial resolution, the biological resolution of functional MRI may be worse because it depends on the vascular architecture of the brain. Here, we compared the activation patterns of the secondary somatosensory and parietal ventral cortex (SII/PV) with that of the primary auditory cortex an... |
2,320,491 | The role of previous exposure in the appetitive and consummatory effects of orexigenic neuropeptides. | The ingestion of foods is comprised of two distinct phases of behavior: appetitive and consummatory. While most food intake paradigms include both phases, the intraoral intake test emphasizes the stereotyped consummatory-phase by infusing a liquid food directly into the oral cavity. Several hypothalamic peptides have b... |
2,320,492 | Embryotoxic effects of CKD-602, a new camptothecin anticancer agent, in rats. | CKD-602 is a newly developed camptothecin anticancer agent. Preclinical studies suggest that it may have greater antitumor activity and lower toxicity than other camptothecin anticancer agents. The potential of CKD-602 to induce embryotoxicity was investigated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. One hundred mated females (sperm... |
2,320,493 | Mixed neuronal-glial tumor of the fourth ventricle and successful treatment of postoperative mutism with bromocriptine: case report. | Tumors composed of both neurocytic and astrocytic cells are uncommon and poorly understood. We describe the clinicopathologic features of a very rare rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle and propose bromocriptine as a useful therapeutic agent for cerebellar mutism after posterior fossa surgery.</A... |
2,320,494 | Diagnosis and surgical treatment of brainstem hemangioblastomas. | The study aims to elucidate the advance of diagnosis and surgical treatment of brainstem hemangioblastomas (BSHs).</AbstractText>The data of the following patients treated in one institute were retrospectively analyzed: (1) patients with a single tumor on the brainstem which was verified by surgery and pathology; (2) p... |
2,320,495 | Glioblastoma multiforme in pregnancy. | Brain tumors in pregnancy are uncommon occurrences. A 48-year-old female at 36 2/7 weeks of gestation presented with right-sided weakness and parasthesias, a facial droop, and an unsteady gait. Brain imaging studies revealed a left-sided parietal lesion impinging upon the lateral ventricle. She underwent a cesarean del... |
2,320,496 | Effect of cytokine treatment on the neurogenesis process in the brain of soman-poisoned mice. | We previously described that enhanced proliferation of neural progenitors occurred in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mouse brain following soman poisoning. Then, a discrete number of these cells seemed to migrate and engraft into the main damaged brain region... |
2,320,497 | Alpha-synuclein-positive structures induced in leupeptin-infused rats. | Abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein is regarded as a key pathological step in a wide range of neurodegenerative processes, not only in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) but also in multiple-system atrophy (MSA). Nevertheless, the mechanism of alpha-synuclein accumulation remains unclear.... |
2,320,498 | Effect of the activation of central 5-HT2C receptors by the 5-HT2C agonist mCPP on blood pressure and heart rate in rats. | In the present study we investigated the role of central 5-HT2C receptors in the control of blood pressure and heart rate in non-stressed and stressed, adult, male, Wistar rats. Third ventricle injections of the 5-HT2C agonist mCPP elicited a significant increase in blood pressure in non-stressed animals. The initial p... |
2,320,499 | Mutation at the Lmx1a locus provokes aberrant brain development in the rat. | A rat short-tail mutation with neurological defects (named queue courte, qc) was discovered. Histopathology in adult qc/qc rats revealed hypoplasia of the cerebellum and hippocampus, maldevelopment of the choroid plexus and corpus callosum. These abnormalities are strongly reminiscent of the phenotypic abnormalities fo... |
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