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2,320,700 | Neuroinflammation alters the hippocampal pattern of behaviorally induced Arc expression. | Neuroinflammation is associated with a variety of neurological and pathological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is reliably detected by the presence of activated microglia. In early AD, the highest degree of activated microglia is observed in brain regions involved in learning and memory. To investigate... |
2,320,701 | Age-dependent sensitivity of the developing brain to irradiation is correlated with the number and vulnerability of progenitor cells. | In a newly established model of unilateral, irradiation (IR)-induced injury we compared the outcome after IR to the immature and juvenile brain, using rats at postnatal days 9 or 23, respectively. We demonstrate that (i) the immature brains contained more progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zon... |
2,320,702 | Acute cerebellitis complicated by hydrocephalus and impending cerebral herniation. | We present a 7-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis who required an emergency ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar swelling. This represents a very unusual, potentially life-threatening complication of a usually self-limiting condition. Early diagnosis of this complication is essential in v... |
2,320,703 | Isolation of immortalized, INK4a/ARF-deficient cells from the subventricular zone after in utero N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea exposure. | Brain tumors, including gliomas, develop several months after rats are exposed in utero to N-ethyl-N-nitroso-urea (ENU). Although pathological changes cannot be detected until these animals are several weeks old, the process that eventually leads to glioma formation must begin soon after exposure given the rapid cleara... |
2,320,704 | Fifth ventricle: an unusual cystic lesion of the conus medullaris. | Cystic dilatation of the fifth ventricle on its own is an extremely rare pathological event in adults whose pathogenesis is uncertain. The authors describe a personal case of 'fifth ventricle' and review the pertinent literature.</AbstractText>To emphasize the importance of including the fifth ventricle in differential... |
2,320,705 | Sequential activation of p75 and TrkB is involved in dendritic development of subventricular zone-derived neuronal progenitors in vitro. | Dendritic arbor development of subventricular zone-derived interneurons is a critical step in their integration into functional circuits of the postnatal olfactory bulb. However, the mechanism and molecular control of this process remain unknown. In this study, we have developed a culture model where dendritic developm... |
2,320,706 | Operative indications and neuroendoscopic management of symptomatic cysts of the septum pellucidum. | Since there is no current consensus on the diagnostic standards or surgical indications for symptomatic cysts of the septum pellucidum (CSP), we presented our experience treating such cases with neuroendoscopic surgery in order to possibly make a contribution to the attainment of such a consensus.</AbstractText>In the ... |
2,320,707 | [Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. A review of five observations]. | We present a review of five patients who developed pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, presenting the clinical features, pathology findings and therapeutic approach of these rare tumours which almost always occur in children and young adults.</AbstractText>This paper is a retrospective study of five patients (three males a... |
2,320,708 | Distinct subcellular location of the Ca2+-binding protein S100A1 differentially modulates Ca2+-cycling in ventricular rat cardiomyocytes. | Calcium is a key regulator of cardiac function and is modulated through the Ca2+-sensor protein S100A1. S100 proteins are considered to exert both intracellular and extracellular functions on their target cells. Here we report the impact of an increased intracellular S100A1 protein level on Ca2+-homeostasis in neonatal... |
2,320,709 | Experimental generation and computational modeling of intracellular pH gradients in cardiac myocytes. | It is often assumed that pH(i) is spatially uniform within cells. A double-barreled microperfusion system was used to apply solutions of weak acid (acetic acid, CO(2)) or base (ammonia) to localized regions of an isolated ventricular myocyte (guinea pig). A stable, longitudinal pH(i) gradient (up to 1 pH(i) unit) was o... |
2,320,710 | 3-D ultrasonographic imaging of the cerebral ventricular system in very low birth weight infants. | The purpose of the study was to assess reference ranges for lateral ventricular volume of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants using 3-D ultrasound (US). A total of 108 patients with birth weights < or =1500 g or mother's postmenstrual age < or =32 weeks were examined prospectively in a longitudinal study. Infant... |
2,320,711 | Functional magnetic resonance mapping of intracerebroventricular infusion of a neuroactive peptide in the anaesthetised rat. | Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) methods map the cerebral haemodynamic response to challenge with psychotropic agents as a surrogate for drug-induced changes in brain activity. However, many neuroactive compounds present low blood-brain barrier penetration and thus systemic administration may result i... |
2,320,712 | [Progress in MR imaging: differential diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases with MR imaging]. | MR imaging is useful for diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Diffusion weighted images (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images revealed hyperintense signal changes in the anterior striata and cortices in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which were characteristic. In patients ... |
2,320,713 | [Surgical treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy with preservation of postoperative memory function]. | Temporal lobe epilepsy is frequently drug-resistant in adult epilepsy. However, its surgical treatment is very effective and about 70% of operated patients become seizure-free. As preoperative evaluation, analysis of seizure characteristics, scalp EEG with sphenoidal lead, and neuroimaging are most important. When thes... |
2,320,714 | Differential regulation of metallothionein-I and metallothionein-II mRNA expression in the rat brain following traumatic brain injury. | In this study, we investigated the expression of metallothionein (MT)-I and MT-II in the rat brain following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the early stage, significant induction of MT-I and MT-II were observed in various regions including ventricle walls, pia mater, and dentate gyrus. At 12-24 h after TBI, strong in... |
2,320,715 | Temporal and spatial properties of cellular Ca2+ flux in trout ventricular myocytes. | Confocal microscopy was used to investigate the temporal and spatial properties of Ca(2+) transients and Ca(2+) sparks in ventricular myocytes of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Confocal imaging confirmed the absence of T tubules and the long ( approximately 160 microm), thin ( approximately 8 microm) morpholo... |
2,320,716 | Progesterone increases dynorphin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and preprodynorphin messenger ribonucleic Acid levels in a subset of dynorphin neurons in the sheep. | Recent studies suggest that the endogenous opioid peptide, dynorphin, is an important mediator of progesterone negative feedback on GnRH pulse frequency in the ewe. These experiments tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of progesterone on dynorphin A concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from... |
2,320,717 | Infants with univentricular heart have reduced heart rate and blood pressure responses to side motion and altered responses to head-up tilt. | Cardiovascular control was studied in infants with univentricular heart (UVH). Side motion tests and 45-s 45 degrees head-up tilt tests were performed in 11 control and 9 UVH infants at the age of 13 +/- 3.2 wk. In addition, heart rate (HR) reactions to spontaneous arousals and HR variability during slow-wave sleep (SW... |
2,320,718 | Effects of intermedin(1-53) on cardiac function and ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. | Intermedin (IMD) is a novel member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CT/CGRP) family identified from human and other vertebrate tissues. Preprointermedin (preproIMD) can generate a 47 amino acid mature peptide (IMD(1-47)) and a shorter 40 amino acid one (IMD(8-47)) by proteolytic cleavage. Amino acid s... |
2,320,719 | Skeletal localization and neutralization of the SDF-1(CXCL12)/CXCR4 axis blocks prostate cancer metastasis and growth in osseous sites in vivo. | To delineate the role of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in metastatic prostate cancer (CaP), positive correlations were established between SDF-1 levels and tumor metastasis. Neutralization of CXCR4 limited the number and the growth of intraosseous metastasis in vivo. Together, these in vivo metastasis data provide critical support t... |
2,320,720 | The use of an adjustable valve to treat over-drainage of a cyst-peritoneal shunt in a child with a large sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst. | The cyst-peritoneal shunt is a recognised surgical alternative in the management of sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts. Shunt overdrainage is well described in literature on ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, but not often appreciated as a complication of cysto-peritoneal shunts.</AbstractText>A 5-year-old boy presented with a... |
2,320,721 | Effect of leptin administration versus re-feeding on hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression in fasted male rats. | Adipocytes are the primary source of circulating leptin. Leptin inhibits eating, increases metabolism, and stimulates the reproductive axis. Numerous hypothalamic neuropeptides have been implicated in leptin's behavioral and neuroendocrine effects, including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated t... |
2,320,722 | Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) expression in fetal and adult human brain. | Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a novel transcription co-activator that is critically involved in lens epithelial cell gene regulation and stress responses. Recent evidence indicates that LEDGF/p75 may play an important role in lens epithelial to fibre cell terminal differentiation. Since the lens ... |
2,320,723 | [Plastic bronchitis. A case report and review of the literature]. | Plastic bronchitis is a rare complication in which bronchial casts of lymphatic origin develop in the tracheobronchial tree and cause airway obstruction. The main feature is expectoration of bronchial casts. This condition usually occurs in the postoperative period after the Fontan operation for congenital heart diseas... |
2,320,724 | Clear cell ependymoma of the fourth ventricle. | Two cases of clear cell ependymoma (CCE) of the fourth ventricle are reported in a 49-year-old woman with dysphagia and a 59-year-old woman with dizziness and gait disturbance. CCE is a relatively new variant of ependymoma added to the WHO classification of tumors in 1993. Tumor cells display an oligodendroglioma-like ... |
2,320,725 | Hydranencephaly with extensive periventricular necrosis and numerous ectopic glioneuronal nests. | The case reported here relates to a male infant with hydranencephaly who was born at 37 weeks of gestation and died immediately after birth. Post-mortem examination revealed that the cerebral hemispheres had been replaced by fluid-filled cavities within a normal-sized cranium. The membranous hemispheric wall was compos... |
2,320,726 | Meckel-gruber syndrome associated with gastrointestinal tractus anomaly. | Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS) is rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by occipital encephalocele, postaxial polydactyly and polycystic kidneys. A one-day-old girl was admitted to our clinic with occipital encephalocele, polydactyly, ulnar deviation of left hand and failure to thrive. Patient's parents were fi... |
2,320,727 | Three-year recurrence-free survival in a patient with recurrent medulloblastoma after resection, high-dose chemotherapy, and intrathecal Yttrium-90-labeled DOTA0-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide radiopeptide brachytherapy. | Most medulloblastomas express high levels of somatostatin type 2 receptors (sst2). DOTA0-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) specifically binds sst2 in the low nanomolar range. The cytotoxic effect is mediated by the chelated, beta-emitting, metallic radionuclide Yttrium 90 (90Y). The authors applied this innovative treat... |
2,320,728 | Dispersion of cerebral temperature, cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure in rabbits placed with epidural balloons. | This study examines the intracranial pressure and temperature dispersion in a rabbit model after epidural balloon compression. Right and left supratentorial, intraventricular and infratentorial pressures and temperatures of the rabbits have been measured before epidural balloon was placed. Afterwards, the epidural ball... |
2,320,729 | Comparison of programmable shunt valves vs standard valves for communicating hydrocephalus of adults: a retrospective analysis of 407 patients. | The aim of the present study was to clarify whether programmable shunt valves are advantageous in the treatment of adults with communicating hydrocephalus with respect to valve-related shunt complications and surgical shunt revisions, in comparison with standard valves.</AbstractText>Adult patients with communicating h... |
2,320,730 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for chronic hydrocephalus after tuberculous meningitis. | Cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures are indicated in patients with hydrocephalus after tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We present 2 patients with hydrocephalus after TBM who were successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).</AbstractText>Two patients had been diagnosed with hydrocephalus after T... |
2,320,731 | Gravitational shunt management of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adult (LOVA) hydrocephalus. | Recently a new subtype of chronic hydrocephalus was described: long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA). Experience to date has indicated that shunt therapy was contraindicated, due to over-drainage. Therefore we investigated whether this problem could be overcome using gravitational shunts.</AbstractText>... |
2,320,732 | Fighting in the aged male mouse increases the expression of TrkA and TrkB in the subventricular zone and in the hippocampus. | In the present study, we investigate the effect of aggressive behavior and release of nerve growth factor (NGF) on brain progenitor cells. We found that the condition of subordination enhances the level of NGF in the subventricular zone and hippocampus whereas dominance elevates brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)... |
2,320,733 | Vasovagal syncope: an enigma. | Syncope is a common clinical problem affecting 3.5% of the general population. About 40% of cases remain undiagnosed and 30% experience recurrent episodes. The article presents an update on the etiopathogenesis and theories of syncope. The pathophysiology of syncope remains elusive. Lewis introduced the term "vasovagal... |
2,320,734 | Adult ependymal cells are postmitotic and are derived from radial glial cells during embryogenesis. | Ependymal cells on the walls of brain ventricles play essential roles in the transport of CSF and in brain homeostasis. It has been suggested that ependymal cells also function as stem cells. However, the proliferative capacity of mature ependymal cells remains controversial, and the developmental origin of these cells... |
2,320,735 | Treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in a spina bifida patient by a concurrent ventricular and cisterna magna-to-peritoneal shunt. | A 20-year-old female born with a thoracic level myelomeningocele, Chiari II malformation, and hydrocephalus treated at birth developed clinical features of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to shunt malfunction. The patient became comatose. Her ICP remained high despite a functioning shunt and even after the ve... |
2,320,736 | Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in cardiomyocytes: comparison of neonatal and dedifferentiating cells to adult myocytes. | The purpose of this study was to localize sites of calcitonin gene-related peptide binding in neonatal, freshly isolated and dedifferentiated adult cardiac myocytes in order to help us elucidate the mechanisms of action of this neuropeptides. Previous work has shown that treatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide r... |
2,320,737 | Cleft cavum of the septum pellucidum in victims of fatal road traffic accidents: a distinct type of cavum associated with severe diffuse axonal injury. | The cavum of the septum pellucidum (CSP) is a small cavity constantly present in fetuses and newborns, of variable frequency among necropsied adults and with a high frequency in professional boxers.</AbstractText>A pathologic study was conducted on brains of 626 patients without a history of head trauma (group 1) autop... |
2,320,738 | Development of the rat telencephalon--volumetric analysis. | With regard to intensive morphometric changes, morphometry as a method is mainly used for histogenetic studies of brain development in normal and experimental conditions. The aim of our study was to quantitatively analyse morphological parameters of the rat telencephalon during embryonic development. The investigation ... |
2,320,739 | Morphogenesis of the rat forebrain. | Developmental process that leads to final forebrain shaping is a result of complex histogenetic and morphogenetic events. Comprehensions about brain development are based on observations carried out on onthogenetic successive stages. Microscopic analysis of brain together with analysis of serial sections gives informat... |
2,320,740 | Proteomics analysis of prefractionated human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the chorioid plexus in the ventricles. It surrounds the brain and bone marrow, and reflects several different disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Proteomics has been used to analyze CSF in order to discover disease-associated proteins and to elucidate the basic molecu... |
2,320,741 | Megalencephaly and perisylvian polymicrogyria with postaxial polydactyly and hydrocephalus: a rare brain malformation syndrome associated with mental retardation and seizures. | Megalencephaly (MEG) or enlarged brain occurs as a mild familial variant with normal brain structure, but otherwise is an uncommon human brain malformation that may be associated with significant developmental and neurological problems. It has been classified into anatomic and metabolic subtypes. The clinical findings ... |
2,320,742 | Anxiolytic effect of hepatocyte growth factor infused into rat brain. | Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has the capacity to selectively direct thalamocortical projections into an intermediate target, the pallidum, and eventually to their final cortical destination. HGF may have a role in the mediation of anxiety. Very little is known about other central behavioral effects of HGF.</AbstractT... |
2,320,743 | Application of Overexcitation Model Induced by Penicillin Sodium in the Study of Inhibitory Effect of Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs. | Excessive release of glutamate can cause many nervous system disorders. It has been reported that when a high dose of penicillin sodium is administered into the rat's brain, epilepsy, accompanied with glutamate elevation, will result. In this experiment, a low dose of penicillin sodium (1000 kIU/l) was microinjected in... |
2,320,744 | Auditory brainstem implantation: The first Indian experience. | Multichannel auditory brainstem implants (ABI) are currently indicated for patients with neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) involving both vestibulocochlear nerves. The ABI helps bypass the damaged cochlear nerves and restores a level of auditory sensation via the electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus. The implan... |
2,320,745 | Biventricular pacing (cardiac resynchronization therapy): an evidence-based analysis.<Pagination><StartPage>1</StartPage><EndPage>60</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1-60</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="ISSUE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">In 2002, (before the establishment of the Ontario Health Technology Adviso... | Length-dependent changes in the contractility of cardiac muscle arise as a result of mechanisms that can alter intracellular ion concentrations. The contractile response of the heart to stretch is biphasic. Immediately following stretch there is an increase in the sensitivity of the myofilaments to calcium which change... |
2,320,746 | Fourth ventricle neurocytoma with lipomatous and ependymal differentiation. | We report the case of a 4-year-old girl with a fourth ventricle tumor diagnosed as a cerebellar liponeurocytoma which recurred, showing ependymal differentiation, 14 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging at initial presentation revealed a large mass in the fourth ventricle, and histology showed a neoplasm ch... |
2,320,747 | Diffusion MR imaging for cerebral abscess. | We report a case of cerebral abscess, which ruptured into the lateral ventricle. The radiological features on conventional MRI, appearance on both diffusion weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps are described. |
2,320,748 | Modulation of Mg2+ efflux from rat ventricular myocytes studied with the fluorescent indicator furaptra. | The fluorescent Mg(2+) indicator furaptra (mag-fura-2) was introduced into single ventricular myocytes by incubation with its acetoxy-methyl ester form. The ratio of furaptra's fluorescence intensity at 382 and 350 nm was used to estimate the apparent cytoplasmic [Mg(2+)] ([Mg(2+)](i)). In Ca(2+)-free extracellular con... |
2,320,749 | Germinoma-unusual presentation: a case report. | Germinoma accounts for two-thirds of germ cell tumors and about 40% of all pineal region neoplasms. This case illustrates an unusual manifestation of metatastic germinoma with spread to ventricles and meninges without a pineal mass. A 24-year-old man presented with nausea, vertigo, and left facial droop. Cerebrospinal ... |
2,320,750 | Sodium vitamin C cotransporter SVCT2 is expressed in hypothalamic glial cells. | Kinetic analysis of vitamin C uptake demonstrated that different specialized cells take up ascorbic acid through sodium-vitamin C cotransporters. Recently, two different isoforms of sodium-vitamin C cotransporters (SVCT1/SLC23A1 and SVCT2/SLC23A2) have been cloned. SVCT2 was detected mainly in choroidal plexus cells an... |
2,320,751 | [A study of the evolution of ventricular dilatations using transfontanellar ultrasonography]. | Ventricular dilatations, especially hydrocephalus in the newborn infants, are neurological complications and sequelae dreaded by the clinician because of their effects on the neurological integrity of the future individual.</AbstractText>Our aim was to describe the evolution of ventricular dilatations during the first ... |
2,320,752 | Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats. | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is expressed in the ischemic cortex after focal brain ischemia and appears to exacerbate ischemic damage. The authors examined the effect of gene transfer of dominant negative MCP-1, called 7ND, 90 minutes after induction of focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats. Adenovira... |
2,320,753 | An in vivo MRI study of prefrontal cortical complexity in first-episode psychosis. | The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in the surface complexity of the prefrontal cortex and in the hemispheric asymmetry of cortical complexity in first-episode patients with schizophrenia.</AbstractText>An estimate of the surface complexity of the prefrontal cortex was derived from the number of ... |
2,320,754 | The pattern of cerebral injury in a primate model of preterm birth and neonatal intensive care. | Survivors of very premature birth face an increased risk of adverse motor, cognitive, and behavior sequelae. In order to understand the pathogenesis of these adverse outcomes, an animal model of premature birth and neonatal care in a species with a close similarity to the human infant is sought. In this histological an... |
2,320,755 | Pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis subependymal giant cell astrocytomas: biallelic inactivation of TSC1 or TSC2 leads to mTOR activation. | In the central nervous system, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by a range of lesions including cortical tubers, white matter heterotopias, subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). Recent studies have implicated an important role for the TSC genes TSC1 and TSC2, in a sign... |
2,320,756 | Effects of ginkgo biloba extract on cation currents in rat ventricular myocytes. | Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), a valuable natural product for cerebral and cardiovascular diseases, is mainly composed of two classes of constituents: terpene lactones (e.g., ginkgolide A and B, bilobalide) and flavone glycosides (e.g., quercetin and kaempferol). Its electrophysiological action in heart is yet unclear. I... |
2,320,757 | Anteroventral third ventricle lesions impair cardiovascular responses to intravenous hypertonic saline infusion. | The anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region is a critical area of the forebrain, acting on fluid and electrolyte balance and maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lesions to the anteroventral third ventricle region on cardiovascular responses to intravenou... |
2,320,758 | Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma--a clinicopathological study of 23 cases with special emphasis on histogenesis. | Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are relatively rare tumors but occur commonly in the setting of the familial syndrome of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). In view of its varied morphology, i.e. resemblance to astrocytic and ganglion cells, its histogenesis remains controversial. We studied 23 cases of SEGA... |
2,320,759 | Difficult early sonographic diagnosis of absence of the fetal septum pellucidum. | Standard sonographic views of the brain obtained along the axial planes at mid-gestation failed to identify absence of the septum pellucidum in two consecutive fetuses. It was presumably the close proximity of the walls of the lateral ventricles that generated an artifact resembling a normal cavum septi pellucidi. In o... |
2,320,760 | Cerebral neurocytoma without ganglion cell differentiation. | Neurocytomas are rare neuronal tumours, and are defined as tumours comprising cells with neuronal differentiation; they commonly arise in the ventricles. We report a case of a cerebral neurocytoma in a young man who presented with hemiparesis. The tumour was a radiologically a well-circumscribed large cyst with solid m... |
2,320,761 | Targeted knockdown of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 disrupts cardiovascular development in zebrafish embryos. | IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds IGFs and modulates their biological activities. Although the actions of IGFBP-2 have been well studied in vitro, we have a poor understanding of its in vivo functions, particularly during early development. Using the transparent zebrafish... |
2,320,762 | Ventricular size mapping in a transgenic model of schizophrenia. | Genetically engineered mice have been generated to model a variety of neurological disorders. The chakragati (ckr) mouse is beginning to provide valuable insights into the structural brain changes underlying certain manifestations of schizophrenia. For instance, these mice show enlargement of the lateral ventricles, an... |
2,320,763 | Axon pathfinding and the floor plate factor Reissner's substance in wildtype, cyclops and one-eyed pinhead mutants of Danio rerio. | The ventral median floor plate (FP) is a well-examined embryonic structure, which is involved in neuron differentiation and axon outgrowth. The FP of different vertebrates expresses the glycoprotein Reissner's substance (RS). This glycoprotein is also produced by the dorsal median subcommissural organ (SCO). We examine... |
2,320,764 | Implanted ventricular shunts in the United States: the billion-dollar-a-year cost of hydrocephalus treatment. | To characterize admissions related to ventricular shunts in the year 2000 in terms of diagnoses, procedures, socioeconomic status, and other related data.</AbstractText>The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (year 2000) was analyzed retrospectively. We reviewed 7.45 million patient admissions for primary Internationa... |
2,320,765 | Thiopental produces immobility primarily by supraspinal actions in rats. | The spinal cord mediates most of the immobilizing action of inhaled anesthetics. In the present study we investigated whether spinal or supraspinal sites mediate the immobilizing action of thiopental in rats. Thiopental was administered IV, intrathecally (IT), intracerebroventricularly (ICV), or simultaneously IT and I... |
2,320,766 | Intraventricular hemangiopericytoma. | Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system and has seldom been reported intraventricularly. A 55-year-old woman presented with gradual onset of left side weakness, gait ataxia, and tendency to miss objects in the left visual field of uncertain duration. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast sho... |
2,320,767 | Mechanisms underlying the cardioinhibitory and pressor responses elicited from the medullary neurons in the gigantocellular tegmental field of cats. | A stimulation of the gigantocellular tegmental field (FTG) in the medulla oblongata often increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR). We investigated if the cardioinhibitory/depressor areas, including the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal v... |
2,320,768 | Improved cardiac sodium MR imaging by density-weighted phase-encoding. | To show that density-weighted (DW) k-space sampling improves the quality of human cardiac sodium imaging, a novel method was implemented that combines the high signal-to-noise efficiency of three-dimensional phase-encoding with the advantageous localization performance of nonuniform sampling. A simulation demonstrates ... |
2,320,769 | Magnetic resonance imaging of severe, long-term, opiate-abuse patients without neurologic symptoms may show enlarged cerebrospinal spaces but no signs of brain pathology of vascular origin. | Recreational drug abuse is one of the most important risk factors for stroke in young adults. Abuse of opiates may lead to severe acute neurologic problems due to ischemia or hemorrhage. In contrast, their minor effects on brain structures are not well established. We evaluated brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of ... |
2,320,770 | Successful reconstitution of the non-regenerating adult telencephalon by cell transplantation in Xenopus laevis. | The South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) can regenerate the anterior half of the telencephalon only during larval life, but such regeneration is no longer possible after metamorphosis. In order to gain a better understanding of differences between larvae and adults that are potentially related to regeneration, se... |
2,320,771 | Beneficial effect of simvastatin and pravastatin treatment on adverse cardiac remodelling and glomeruli loss in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of different effects of the hydrophobic statin simvastatin and the hydrophilic statin pravastatin on the remodelling process in the overloaded left ventricle and renal cortex of SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats). Fifteen SHRs were treated for 40 days ... |
2,320,772 | Galanin microinjection in the third ventricle increases voluntary ethanol intake. | The neuropeptide galanin increases food intake. Chronic ethanol (EtOH) increases the expression of galanin in the hypothalamus. The research presented here examines the effects of microinjection of galanin in the third ventricle on voluntary alcohol intake.</AbstractText>Male Sprague Dawley rats with a cannula in the t... |
2,320,773 | Delayed persistent hyperthermia after resection of a craniopharyngioma. | Disorders of thermoregulation are occasionally noticed after operations in the region of the third ventricle. Various factors are usually implicated, but the actual contribution of each of them is rather vague. Apart from the presumed derangement in the functional connections of the hypothalamic region, mechanical reas... |
2,320,774 | Ventricular reservoir migration into the lateral ventricle through the endoscopic tract after unsuccessful third ventriculostomy. | We report a case of reservoir migration into the lateral ventricle through an enlarged endoscopic tract. A full-term female infant with a myelomeningocele, which was repaired surgically after birth, came to us with hydrocephalus, and a reservoir was placed after an unsuccessful endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The tra... |
2,320,775 | Impact of beta-myosin heavy chain expression on cardiac function during stress.<Pagination><StartPage>2390</StartPage><EndPage>2397</EndPage><MedlinePgn>2390-7</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">In failing mouse and human hearts, a shift in myosin heavy chain (MH... | The article presents the case of ischemic stroke with enough favorable outcome in the patient of 19 y.o. The cause of this stroke was determined. It was "a web" of numerous anomalous located chords in the apical part of left ventricle.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Babin</LastName><... |
2,320,776 | Influence of neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy on the size of ventricles in chronic hydrocephalus. | Our intention was to compare the clinical outcome after surgical treatment of chronic hydrocephalus between patients who were subjected to neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy and patients who underwent shunt implantation. At the Department of Neurosurgery of the Research Institute of Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital... |
2,320,777 | Telovelar approach to the fourth ventricle: operative findings and results in 16 cases. | The cerebellomedullary fissure as a corridor for exposure of the fourth ventricle without vermian splitting is enjoying increasing application as a technique for exposure, to avoid the complications related to vermian splitting. The purpose of this study is to describe the operative findings and the results in 16 fourt... |
2,320,778 | The effect of hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection on the renin-angiotensin system in the late-gestation fetal sheep. | The activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) increases significantly in the late-gestation fetal sheep. Fetal cortisol is also increased during this time, and it is thought that the increase in cortisol may modulate the RAS changes. Previous studies have examined the effects of cortisol infusion on RAS activity, ... |
2,320,779 | Central structures necessary and sufficient for ingestive and glycemic responses to Urocortin I administration. | CNS delivery of Urocortin I (UcnI), a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor family, suppresses feeding behavior and increases plasma glucose. The sites of action necessary and sufficient for these responses remain unclear. The contribution of the caudal brainstem was explored using chronically maintained decereb... |
2,320,780 | Brainstem reflex circuits revisited. | Our current understanding of brainstem reflex physiology comes chiefly from the classic anatomical-functional correlation studies that traced the central circuits underlying brainstem reflexes and establishing reflex abnormalities as markers for specific areas of lesion. These studies nevertheless had the disadvantage ... |
2,320,781 | Hemangiopericytoma in the trigone of the lateral ventricle--case report. | A 40-year-old male presented with hemangiopericytoma in the lateral ventricle manifesting as headaches persisting for 6 months associated with vomiting and visual obscurations for one month. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a large tumor in the trigone of the right lateral ventricl... |
2,320,782 | Puerarin acts through brain serotonergic mechanisms to induce thermal effects. | The present study was attempted to investigate the effect of puerarin, an isoflavone compound isolated from Pueraria lobata, on both the basal body temperature and pyrogenic fever in unanesthetized, restrained rats. Intraperitoneal administration of puerarin or crude extracts of Pueraria lobata elicited hypothermia. Di... |
2,320,783 | Maternal behaviors: central integration or independent parallel circuits? Theoretical comment on Popeski and Woodside (2004). | N. Popeski and B. Woodside (2004) report that the injection of L-NAME into the 3rd ventricle, which would suppress the synthesis of nitric oxide, disrupts both maternal retrieval of pups and maternal aggression in postpartum rats. These findings are discussed around the question of whether a single central integrative ... |
2,320,784 | Central nitric oxide synthase inhibition disrupts maternal behavior in the rat. | Blocking nitric oxide (NO) production, by 3rd ventricle administration of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 250 microg/5 microl, postpartum [pp]) decreased milk ejections in Day 10 pp rats. On Day 4 pp, L-NAME treatment eliminated pup retrieval and at both stages of la... |
2,320,785 | Neuropeptide Y in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus increases ethanol intake in high- and low-alcohol-drinking rats. | The behavioral effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) attributed to its actions in the hypothalamus are complex and include effects on feeding, sedation, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. NPY infused into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increases ethanol intake in unselected rats. High-alcohol-drinking (HAD1) and... |
2,320,786 | Teratogenic vulnerability of Wistar rats to diphenyl ditelluride. | The effect of single maternal subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 0.12 mg/kg diphenyl ditelluride, (PhTe)2, diluted in canola oil at days 6, 10 or 17 of gestation were evaluated in Wistar rats. The reduction of body weight gain was statistically significant at GD9, for the dams that received (PhTe)2, at GD6; at GD13, for ... |
2,320,787 | Fourth ventricular neurocytoma: case report and review of the literature. | Central neurocytoma is a tumour that typically occurs in young adults in close association with the lateral and third ventricles of the cerebrum.</AbstractText>We report the unusual case of a central neurocytoma that developed in the fourth ventricle of a 59-year-old woman and metastasized to the upper cervical canal. ... |
2,320,788 | Differential diagnosis in fetuses with absent septum pellucidum. | To elucidate the characteristic morphological features that may help in the prenatal differential diagnosis of absent septum pellucidum as demonstrated by ultrasound.</AbstractText>Twenty-six fetuses were referred to the fetal neurology clinic due to mild to severe ventriculomegaly and a connection between the lateral ... |
2,320,789 | Prenatal diagnosis of absence of the septum pellucidum associated with septo-optic dysplasia. | Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD; De Morsier syndrome) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence of the septum pellucidum (SP), hypoplasia of the optic chiasma and nerves, and various types of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. We report on two fetuses with absence of the SP diagnosed by ultrasound examinat... |
2,320,790 | Cerebellar haemorrhage and tension pneumocephalus after resection of a Pancoast tumour. | We present an unusual case of cerebellar haemorrhage followed by tension pneumocephalus several days after thoracotomy for resection of a Pancoast tumour. The postoperative course of the 32-year-old patient was complicated by a cerebellar haemorrhage and hydrocephalus caused by compression of the fourth ventricle. Imme... |
2,320,791 | Near reflex substituting for acquired horizontal gaze palsy: a case report. | Some patients with acquired horizontal gaze palsy overcome the adduction palsy by utilizing convergence. This substitution phenomenon is very rare. We report a patient with horizontal gaze palsy who was able to use convergence to compensate for the lack of adduction in the left eye.</AbstractText>The patient was a 31-y... |
2,320,792 | Comparisons between global and focal brain atrophy rates in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Boundary Shift Integral versus tracing of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. | The objectives of this study were to (1) compare atrophy rates associated with normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) using the semi-automated Boundary Shift Integral (BSI) method and manual tracing of the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus and (2) calculate power of BSI vs. ERC and hippocampal volume changes for... |
2,320,793 | Caudal hindbrain glucoprivation enhances gamma-aminobutyric acid release in discrete septopreoptic structures in the steroid-primed ovariectomized rat brain: role of mu opioid receptors. | The neurochemical mechanisms underlying hindbrain glucoprivic suppression of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge are not known. A body of experimental evidence supports the view that gonadal steroid positive-feedback action on the reproductive neuroendocrine axis relieves tonic GABAergic inhibition of gonadotropin-relea... |
2,320,794 | Verbal memory abilities of children with brain tumors. | Several critical neuroanatomical structures and pathways for memory performance are located in the third ventricle region. This led us to predict that verbal memory abilities would be more impaired in children treated for third ventricle tumors compared to those treated for cerebellar tumors. Archival data was obtained... |
2,320,795 | Presence of nerve growth factor and TrkA expression in the SVZ of EAE rats: evidence for a possible functional significance. | Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a well-characterized neurotrophic factor that plays a crucial role during development in the growth, differentiation, and maintenance of brain neurons as well as in the reparative response of the adult brain to neuronal damage. Recent studies have shown that acute axonal loss occurs in mult... |
2,320,796 | Knock-in of diphteria toxin A chain gene at Ins2 locus: effects on islet development and localization of Ins2 expression in the brain. | We report here knock-in of diphteria toxin A chain (dta) gene at the Ins2 locus, using the strategy previously employed to insert lacZ under control of the Ins2 promoter. Mutant Ins2(dta/+), Ins2(dta/lacZ) or Ins2(lacZ/+) mouse pups were generated by breeding and analyzed to study the effects of toxigenetic beta-cell a... |
2,320,797 | [Clinical study on the treatment of severe neurocysticercosis]. | To determine the therapeutic efficacy of albendazole combined with surgical intervention on intracranial hypertension in the treatment of severe neurocysticercosis.</AbstractText>Seventy-four consecutive patients with severe neurocysticercosis were confirmed by neuroimaging techniques (CT and/or MRI) and ELISA for the ... |
2,320,798 | Magnetic resonance imaging of brain abnormalities in patients with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome. | The results of brain MRI are presented in 22 patients with documented Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), aged from 1 and 9/12 to 20 years. T1-, PD or FLAIR and T2-weighted SE/TSE images in three planes were obtained. Twenty-one patients showed microcephaly. Decreased size of frontal lobes and narrow frontal horns of the... |
2,320,799 | Expansion of the Golgi apparatus in rat cerebral cortex following intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin. | Streptozotocin (STZ) is a bacterial toxin which selectively damages both insulin-producing cells and insulin receptors. Injections of STZ into the cerebral ventricles of experimental animals are followed by sustained biochemical, metabolic and behavioral effects resembling those which are found in human brains afflicte... |
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