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2,320,800 | A novel stereotaxic approach to the hypothalamus for the use of push-pull perfusion cannula in Holstein calves. | To determine secretory patterns of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS) and their roles in the regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion, a method for collecting hypothalamic perfusates, a push-pull perfusion method was developed in calves. With the use of the stereotaxic apparatus for cattle... |
2,320,801 | Neuroprotective gene therapy for Huntington's disease, using polymer-encapsulated cells engineered to secrete human ciliary neurotrophic factor: results of a phase I study. | Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disease that affects the efferent neurons of the striatum. The protracted evolution of the pathology over 15 to 20 years, after clinical onset in adulthood, underscores the potential of therapeutic tools that would aim at protecting striatal neurons. Proteins w... |
2,320,802 | Dopamine D3 receptor stimulation promotes the proliferation of cells derived from the post-natal subventricular zone. | In the adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells persist in the subventricular zone (SVZ) where dopamine D3 receptors are expressed. Here, we demonstrate that addition of 1 microm apomorphine increases cell numbers in post-natal SVZ cell cultures. This effect was prevented by a co-treatment with haloperidol, sulpiride o... |
2,320,803 | Discovery of a letter from Rokitansky to Virchow about subependymal corpora amylacea. | Until recently, Rokitansky and Virchow were thought to have never exchanged letters. Recently, however, a letter from Rokitansky to Virchow dated 1853 was discovered. In this letter, Rokitansky commented on Virchow's discovery of subependymal corpora amylacea. This report comprises an English translation of this letter... |
2,320,804 | Possible spontaneous "birth" of a hydatid cyst into the lateral ventricle. | Intraventricular hydatid cyst is an extremely rare entity. We report a solitary hydatid cyst in a lateral ventricle.</AbstractText>A 7-year-old girl had a free floating intraventricular cyst, diagnosed by computerized tomography examination inside the enlarged left lateral ventricle of an associated Dandy Walker malfor... |
2,320,805 | Neurocutaneous melanosis with associated Dandy-Walker complex. | The authors report the case of a child with neurocutaneous melanosis associated with a Dandy-Walker complex. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed shortened T1-weighted images in areas involving the amygdala, mesencephalon, rostral brain stem, and superior cerebellar surface compatible with melanin deposits. There was ... |
2,320,806 | Pro-VGF-derived peptides induce penile erection in male rats: possible involvement of oxytocin. | The effect of five peptides derived from the C-terminal portion of rat pro-VGF (VGF(577-617), VGF(588-617), VGF(599-617), VGF(556-576) and VGF(588-597)) on penile erection was studied after injection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of male rats. VGF(577-617), VGF(588-617), VGF(599-617) and, to a lower ext... |
2,320,807 | A neuroendoscopic approach to the aqueduct via the fourth ventricle combined with suboccipital craniectomy. | We have tried to approach the aqueduct less invasively with the endoscope in combination with a small suboccipital craniectomy, especially for lesions of the aqueduct close to the fourth ventricle.</AbstractText>The patient is placed in the prone position and a small suboccipital craniectomy is performed. After elevati... |
2,320,808 | Primary presentation of glioblastoma multiforme with leptomeningeal metastasis in the absence of previous craniotomy: a case report. | Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant glioma with a well-known tendency for intracranial spread but rarely for extracranial spread. We report a case of an adult woman who presented with symptoms of leptomeningeal metastasis from an intracranial glioblastoma multiforme located adjacent to the lateral ventricle. ... |
2,320,809 | Effects of cortisol on cardiac myocytes and on expression of cardiac genes in fetal sheep. | In 17 fetal sheep aged 129 days, the effects of large-dose infusions of cortisol (72.1 mg/day for 2-3 days) on proliferation, binucleation, and hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes, cardiac expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin receptor subtypes 1 and 2, Glut-1, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, proteins ... |
2,320,810 | Anatomical mapping of white matter hyperintensities (WMH): exploring the relationships between periventricular WMH, deep WMH, and total WMH burden. | MRI segmentation and mapping techniques were used to assess evidence in support of categorical distinctions between periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH). Qualitative MRI studies generally identify 2 categories of WMH on the basis of anatomical localization. Separate pathophysiologie... |
2,320,811 | [Adult fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) with various nouropsychiatric symptoms]. | This is the first report of an adult patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in Japan, who was treated for psychiatric disorders. The case was a 35 years-old woman who had many neuropsychiatric symptoms. She had been treated for 15 years at the Kurihama Alcoholism Center, for mental retardation, schizophrenic sy... |
2,320,812 | The syndrome of septo-optic dysplasia in Saudi children. | To describe the clinical, ophthalmological, endocrinological and radiological features of 10 Saudi children with the syndrome of septo-optic dysplasia and hypothalamic hypopituitarism.</AbstractText>All patients underwent complete ophthalmological and endocrinological evaluation at the Pediatric Endocrine Clinics, King... |
2,320,813 | Prenatal diagnosis of a trauma-related fetal epidural hematoma. | Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial hemorrhage has important etiologic, management, and prognostic implications. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to identify and evaluate this condition. We present the first reported case of epidural hematoma diagnosed prenatally.</AbstractText>A... |
2,320,814 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus. | The indications for neuroendoscopy are not only constantly increasing, but even the currently accepted indications are constantly being adjusted and tailored. This is also true for one of the most frequently used neuroendoscopic procedures, the endoscopic 3rd ventriculostomy (ETV) for obstructive hydrocephalus. ETV has... |
2,320,815 | Spontaneous ventriculostomy in a patient with obstructive hydrocephalus. | Spontaneous ventriculostomy related to progressive obstructive hydrocephalus is rare. Radiologic demonstration of such a phenomenon can be delineated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cine MRI.</AbstractText>A 59-year-old woman with a known tectal glioma and symptoms of chronic hydrocephalus developed progressi... |
2,320,816 | Change in CT radiodensity of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle: case report and literature review. | A unique case is presented of a decrease in density on CT scans of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle with time. This occurred in the absence of any operative intervention in a 35-year-old woman. |
2,320,817 | Neurochemical and behavioral consequences of widespread gene knockdown in the adult mouse brain by using nonviral RNA interference. | Gene expression analysis implicates an increasing number of novel genes in the brain as potential targets for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Frequently, these genes are ubiquitously expressed in the brain and, thus, may contribute to a pathophysiological state through actions in several brain ... |
2,320,818 | Characteristics of prolonged Ca2+ release events associated with the nuclei in adult cardiac myocytes. | Confocal microscopy was used to study the properties of nuclear Ca2+ regulation in adult ventricular myocytes. Prolonged nuclear Ca2+ release (PNCR) events were identified in both intact and permeabilized rat myocytes. PNCR occurred spontaneously and was restricted to localized regions at the ends of the elongated nucl... |
2,320,819 | GABAA receptor partially mediated propofol-induced hyperalgesia at superspinal level and analgesia at spinal cord level in rats. | To observe effects of propofol on nociceptive response at superspinal and spinal level in rats.</AbstractText>Two hundreds and fifty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into thirty-two groups. Propofol and bicuculline were microinjected into lateral ventricle (icv), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG),... |
2,320,820 | Ischemia-induced neurogenesis is preserved but reduced in the aged rodent brain. | The adult mammalian brain retains the capacity for neurogenesis, by which new neurons may be generated to replace those lost through physiological or pathological processes. However, neurogenesis diminishes with aging, and this casts doubt on its feasibility as a therapeutic target for cell replacement therapy in strok... |
2,320,821 | Half-lives of docosahexaenoic acid in rat brain phospholipids are prolonged by 15 weeks of nutritional deprivation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | Male rat pups (21 days old) were placed on a diet deficient in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or on an n-3 PUFA adequate diet containing alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LNA; 18 : 3n-3). After 15 weeks on a diet, [4,5-3H]docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22 : 6n-3) was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle, a... |
2,320,822 | A model of in-vivo hydrocephalus shunt dynamics for blockage and performance diagnostics. | The accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain results in hydrocephalus, a condition that is fatal if left untreated. The usual remedy is to insert a shunt into the ventricles of the brain, which drains excess fluid away, moderated by a pressure dependent valve. It is important that the s... |
2,320,823 | Primary central nervous system lymphoma report of 32 cases and review of the literature. | We retrospectively analyzed 32 cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Five cases were diagnosed in the period 1987-1994, for 27 cases in the period 1995-2002. There were 17 men and 15 women whose median age was 69 years. Three patients were immunodeficient. The commonest symptoms were focal deficit (... |
2,320,824 | Autologous transplantation of expanded neural precursor cells into the demyelinated monkey spinal cord. | The objective of this study was to establish if neural precursor cells could safely be developed from biopsy of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the non-human primate (marmoset), and to determine their myelinating potential after autologous transplantation into a demyelinated lesion. Small amounts of tissue were safely... |
2,320,825 | Case report: greater meningeal inflammation in lumbar than in ventricular region in human bacterial meningitis. | Differences in the composition of ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) based on single pairs of samples have previously been described. We describe a patient that developed post-surgical recurrent meningitis monitored by daily biochemical and bacteriological CSF analysis, simultaneously withdrawn from lumba... |
2,320,826 | Differential diagnosis of suprasellar tumors in children. | In contrary to the adult age the most common suprasellar tumors in children are with decreasing frequency craniopharyngiomas, chiasmatic/hypothalamic low-grade gliomas, germinomas and lesions attributable to a Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For differential diagnostic purposes also the rare hypothalamic hamartoma and m... |
2,320,827 | Prevention of external ventricular drain--related ventriculitis. | The purpose of this study was to test if a reduction of external ventricular drains (EVD) related ventriculitis could be achieved by a strict protocol of care and if protocol violation was associated with a higher incidence of EVD-related ventriculitis.</AbstractText>A written protocol for EVD insertion, nursing and su... |
2,320,828 | Choroid plexus adenoma: case report and review of the literature. | An 8-month-old infant with macrocephaly was found to have hydrocephalus and a cystic third ventricular tumour; biopsy of the tumour showed a choroid plexus adenoma. The tumour was attached to the ependymal lining and was strongly adherent to the walls and floor of the anterior third ventricle.</AbstractText>After biops... |
2,320,829 | Auditory brainstem implantation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2. | Multichannel auditory brainstem implants (ABI) are currently indicated for patients with neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) and schwannomas involving the internal auditory canal (IAC) or cerebellopontine angle (CPA), regardless of hearing loss (HL). The implant is usually placed in the lateral recess of the fourth ventric... |
2,320,830 | Pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. | <AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The objective was to investigate the potential use of pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III (CA-III) as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.</AbstractText>Prospective cell biological investigation was conducted of laryngeal bi... |
2,320,831 | Mitochondrial membrane potential modulates regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ in rat ventricular myocytes. | Although recent studies focused on the contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ to the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ under pathophysiological conditions remains largely unclear. By using saponin-permeabilized rat myocytes, we measured mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPs... |
2,320,832 | Analysis of recurrences in 322 Tis, T1, or T2 glottic carcinomas treated by carbon dioxide laser. | An endoscopic approach to early glottic carcinoma is considered a sound treatment for both previously untreated lesions and selected recurrent lesions. Between January 1988 and December 2000, we treated 322 patients by CO2 laser at a single institution; 37 had Tis, 191 T1a, 55 T1b, and 39 T2 lesions (mean follow-up, 77... |
2,320,833 | Alteration of antibodies against the fifth-stage larvae and changes in brain magnetic resonance images in experimentally infected rabbits with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. | Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been suggested to be helpful in delineating the lesions during the acute phase of angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In this study, antibody titers in serum samples of 3 rabbits were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and brain MR images were obta... |
2,320,834 | In vivo neurogenesis in the dorsal vagal complex of the adult rat brainstem. | The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) encompasses the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX) and the area postrema (AP), that altogether provide the major integrative center for the mammalian autonomic nervous system. The adult rat DVC has been reported to contain afferent-dependent... |
2,320,835 | Molecular mechanisms of cerebrospinal fluid production. | The epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by a process which involves the transport of Na(+), Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) from the blood to the ventricles of the brain. The unidirectional transport of ions is achieved due to the polarity of the epithelium, i.e. the ion transport proteins i... |
2,320,836 | Freeze-fracture and immunogold analysis of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) square arrays, with models of AQP4 lattice assembly. | Each day, approximately 0.5-0.9 l of water diffuses through (primarily) aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels in the human choroid plexus, into the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain ventricles and spinal cord central canal, through the ependymal cell lining, and into the parenchyma of the CNS. Additional water is also derived fro... |
2,320,837 | Neurogenesis within the juvenile zebra finch telencephalic ventricular zone: a map of proliferative activity. | Localized regions of increased cellular proliferation within the ventricular zone (VZ) of juvenile male songbirds may contain progenitor cells that give rise to song-control neurons and, thereby, contribute to the construction of brain areas important for song learning. The purpose of this study was to examine levels o... |
2,320,838 | Evaluation of concentric left ventricular geometry in humans: evidence for age-related systematic underestimation. | There might be limitations in identifying concentric left ventricular (LV) geometry by ratio of diastolic posterior wall thickness (WT(p)) to cavity radius, defined as relative wall thickness (RWT(p)). This study has been designed to evaluate age effects on RWT(p). WT(p), mean of septal thickness and WT(p) (WT(m)), and... |
2,320,839 | Changes in brain size in hepatic encephalopathy: a coregistered MRI study. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coregistration techniques can be used to track changes in brain volume. We aimed to determine whether treatment in chronic liver disease altered brain size. The study group comprised nine patients with cirrhosis (7 Child's grade B and 2 Child's grade C). Six had minimal and three had ov... |
2,320,840 | [Progressive structural abnormalities in the brain of the schizophrenic]. | One hundred years ago, Kraepelin hypothesized that cerebral damage might cause dementia praecox. Many patients with schizophrenia show progressive clinical deterioration, although the evidence has remained unclear for the organic brain damage. Recently, brain abnormalities have been suggested, including enlargement of ... |
2,320,841 | [An autopsy case with cerebral histoplasmoma: case report]. | Histoplasma capsulatum infection is, for the most part, asymptomatic or of little clinical consequence. Disseminated infection due to H. capsulatum is rather uncommon. Clinically apparent infection of central nervous system (CNS) is rare, and involves in 10 to 50% of patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. Although ... |
2,320,842 | Neurological deterioration after head trauma in patients with colloid cysts of the 3rd ventricle. Two case histories. | The authors report 2 cases of colloid cyst of the 3(rd) ventricle (both patients previously asymptomatic) diagnosed after head trauma. Neurological deterioration due to biventricular hydrocephalus, rendering necessary an urgent bilateral CSF shunting, was observed. The possible relationship between clinical deteriorati... |
2,320,843 | Spontaneous rupture of spinal dermoid cyst with disseminated lipid droplets in central canal and ventricles. | Free fat in the ventricular space is a rare but well recognized complication of ruptured tumour of dermal origin. However, only 1 patient of spontaneous rupture of spinal dermoid tumour with disseminated fat in the central canal and ventricles has been described in the literature. The authors report an extremely rare c... |
2,320,844 | Glucose does not activate nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory neurons in the rat stomach. | We reported previously that intravenously administered d-glucose acts in the central nervous system to inhibit gastric motility induced by hypoglycemia in anesthetized rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this effect is due to inhibition of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) cholinergic motoneu... |
2,320,845 | Functional diversity of electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransport in ventricular myocytes from rat, rabbit and guinea pig. | The Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC) is an important sarcolemmal acid extruder in cardiac muscle. The characteristics of NBC expressed functionally in heart are controversial, with reports suggesting electroneutral (NBCn; 1HCO(3)(-) : 1Na(+); coupling coefficient N= 1) or electrogenic forms of the transporter (NBCe;... |
2,320,846 | Postnatal neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the olfactory bulb from NG2-expressing progenitors of the subventricular zone. | We used a 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mouse to study postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor fate, with a focus on the olfactory bulb (OB). The postnatal OB of the CNP-EGFP mouse contained EGFP+ interneurons and oligodendrocytes. In the ... |
2,320,847 | Vascular endothelial cells promote acute plasticity in ependymoglial cells of the neuroendocrine brain. | Glial and endothelial cells interact throughout the brain to define specific functional domains. Whether endothelial cells convey signals to glia in the mature brain is unknown but is amenable to examination in circumventricular organs. Here we report that purified endothelial cells of one of these organs, the median e... |
2,320,848 | Intracranial germinoma: on whole-ventricular irradiation. | A current focus in the treatment of intracranial germinoma is on decreasing the volume of radiotherapy. We studied the theoretical impact of selecting different target volumes and treatment techniques.</AbstractText>Retrospectively, five cases of localized germinoma were identified. Treatment plans were produced for th... |
2,320,849 | Evaluation of metastatic potential in prostate carcinoma: an in vivo model. | Prostate cancer is frequently associated with bone metastases, which are in fact the main cause of morbidity and mortality for this tumor. To better investigate this process, animal models of bone and bone marrow metastases need to be developed. However, experimental prostate cancer bone metastases are difficult to be ... |
2,320,850 | Glutathione S-transferase 8-8 expression is lower in alcohol-preferring than in alcohol-nonpreferring rats. | A primary focus of alcohol research is to provide novel targets for alcohol treatment by identifying genes that predispose individuals to drink alcohol. Animal models of alcoholism developed by selective breeding are invaluable tools to elucidate both the genetic nature and the underlying biological mechanisms that con... |
2,320,851 | Apical ballooning in relatives. | Apical ballooning of the left ventricle was first introduced as takotsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction in 1990 by Satoh and colleagues. The syndrome is characterised by reversible extensive akinesia of the apical and mid-portions of the left ventricle with hypercontraction of the basal segment. For the first time ... |
2,320,852 | 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in newborns. | While it has been hypothesized that brain development is abnormal in schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, there have been few attempts to study very early brain development in children. Twenty unsedated healthy newborns underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imag... |
2,320,853 | Radiological features in 82 patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC or Gorlin) syndrome. | Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, jaw cysts, palmar/plantar pits, calcification of the falx cerebri, and spine and rib anomalies. NBCCS is due to mutations in PTCH1, the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene ... |
2,320,854 | Expression of orexin receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues of the male sheep. | Orexins exert their effects through two specific receptors (OX1R and OX2R) that have been found mainly in the brain and also in peripheral tissues of rats and humans. Here, we demonstrate expression of mRNA encoding for ovine OX1R and OX2R in central and peripheral tissues of sheep. Gene expression for orexin receptors... |
2,320,855 | Production and autocrine/paracrine effects of endogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 in rat cardiac fibroblasts. | Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 appears to play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy or remodeling. However, the role of endogenous IGF-1 in the growth of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts remains unclear. This study investigated the major site of the production of cardiac IGF-1 and the local effects of endogenou... |
2,320,856 | Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on protein oxidation in isolated rabbit hearts. | Reactive oxygen species and other oxidants are involved in the mechanism of postischemic contractile dysfunction, known as myocardial stunning. The present study investigated the oxidative modification of cardiac proteins in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts subjected to 15 min normothermic ischemia followed ... |
2,320,857 | Level set based auto segmentation of the tagged left ventricle MR images. | To facilitate automatic segmentation, we adopt SVM (Support Vector Machine) to localize the left ventricle, and the segmentation is then carried out with narrow band level set. The method of generating the narrow band is improved such that the time used is reduced. Based on the imaging characteristics of the tagged lef... |
2,320,858 | Intracerebroventricular administration of anti-endothelin-1 IgG selectively upregulates endothelin-A and kappa opioid receptors. | Endothelin (ET) type A receptor antagonists enhance morphine-induced antinociception and restore morphine analgesia in morphine tolerant rats [Peptides 23 (2002) 1837; Peptides 24 (2003) 553]. These studies suggest that the central ET and opioid systems functionally interact. To explore this idea further, we determined... |
2,320,859 | Transforming growth factor-betas in a rat model of neonatal posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. | Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) is a common complication of intraventricular haemorrhage in premature infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-betas), a family of polypeptides with potent desmoplastic properties, in the aetiology of PHVD in a new... |
2,320,860 | Anatomical landmarks for hemispherotomy and their clinical application. | The authors introduce the surgical concept of the central core of a hemisphere, from which anatomical structures are disconnected during most current hemispherotomy techniques. They also propose key anatomical landmarks for hemispherotomies that can be used to disconnect the hemisphere from its lateral surface around t... |
2,320,861 | Neuroprotection by encapsulated choroid plexus in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. | Choroid plexus from neonatal pigs was encapsulated in alginate microcapsules and transplanted into the rat striatum. Three days later, the same animals received unilateral injections of quinolinic acid (225 nmol) into the ipsilateral striatum. Choroid plexus transplants ameliorated the weight loss and motor impairments... |
2,320,862 | Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging of rhombencephalosynapsis and associated brain anomalies: report of 3 cases. | Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by vermian agenesis and fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. In the 3 cases reported here, prenatal magnetic resonance imaging clearly depicted cerebellar features characteristic of RES, allowing a definite diagnosis. |
2,320,863 | From the archives of the AFIP: pilocytic astrocytoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. | Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common pediatric central nervous system glial neoplasm and the most common pediatric cerebellar tumor. This tumor has a noteworthy benign biologic behavior that translates into an extremely high survival rate-94% at 10 years-that is by far the best of any glial tumor. Most patients pre... |
2,320,864 | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway in solitary nucleus mediates cholecystokinin-induced suppression of food intake in rats. | Increased food intake is a major factor in the development of obesity, and the control of meal size is a valid approach to reduce food intake in humans. Meal termination, or satiety, is thought to be organized within the caudal brainstem where direct signals from the food handling alimentary canal and long-term signals... |
2,320,865 | Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 and central heart rate regulation in mice during expression of conditioned fear. | The present study was performed to 1) determine heart rate (HR) effects mediated through central corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes 1 (CRF(1)) investigate and 2 (CRF(2)) and 2) to the contribution of endogenous CRF to baseline HR and its fear-induced adjustment in freely moving mice. CRF ligands were inje... |
2,320,866 | Multiple organ involvement hydatid cysts in a 2-year-old boy. | The cerebral hydatid cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus are rare and occur mostly during childhood in endemic areas. A 2-year-old boy was admitted with focal neurological signs in the left extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a cyst lying from right parietooccipital region to the lateral ven... |
2,320,867 | Directed mobilization of endogenous neural progenitor cells: the intersection of stem cell biology and gene therapy. | Multipotential neural stem cells, which are capable of giving rise to both neurons and glia, line the cerebral ventricles of all adult animals, including humans. These cells may be mobilized and induced to undergo neuronal differentiation in vivo, by stimulating resident progenitor cells with both delivered and virally... |
2,320,868 | Extraction and quantification of left ventricular deformation modes. | We have developed a method that decomposes the deformation of the left ventricle (LV) between end diastole (ED) and end systole (ES) into separate deformation modes such as longitudinal shortening, wall thickening, and twisting. The deformation was initially found from the motion of an LV finite-element mesh that was f... |
2,320,869 | A novel transmembrane MSP-containing protein that plays a role in right ventricle development. | We have identified and characterized a gene, Mospd3 on mouse chromosome 5 using gene trapping in ES cells. MOSPD3 is part of a family of proteins, including MOSPD1, which is defined by the presence of a major sperm protein (MSP) domain and two transmembrane domains. Interestingly Mospd3 is mammalian specific and highly... |
2,320,870 | Periventricular and subcortical leukoencephalopathy in two dachshund puppies. | Two wirehaired dachshund puppies were presented with generalized tremor and gait abnormalities characterized by mild ataxia, tetraparesis and slightly abnormal proprioception. Neurological examination led to the suspicion of a diffuse generalized white matter lesion. Computerized tomography and pathological examination... |
2,320,871 | Identification and detection of the periostin gene in cardiac development. | Periostin, a member of the fasciclin gene family, acts as a cell adhesion molecule through binding to cell surface integrins. Periostin expression has previously been shown to increase substantially following transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein stimulation. As these molecules are i... |
2,320,872 | Characterization of the resistance to the anorectic and endocrine effects of leptin in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats fed a high-fat diet. | Leptin produced by adipocytes controls body weight by restraining food intake and enhancing energy expenditure at the hypothalamic level. The diet-induced increase in fat mass is associated with the presence of elevated circulating leptin levels, suggesting the development of resistance to its anorectic effect. Rats, l... |
2,320,873 | Effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of genistein on gonadotrophin subunit mRNA and immunoreactivity of gonadotrophins and oestrogen receptor-alpha in the pituitary cells of the anoestrous ewe. | The present study was designed to demonstrate whether genistein, a synthetic phytoestrogen, infused into the third ventricle of the brain could affect the gonadotrophic cells regarding the presence of oestrogen receptor-alpha immunoreactivity and gonadotrophin subunit mRNA hybridising reaction in the ewe. Ewes (n=7), a... |
2,320,874 | Characterisation of the Wnt antagonists and their response to conditionally activated Wnt signalling in the developing mouse forebrain. | In the present work, the expression patterns of the Wnt antagonists of the Dickkopf (Dkk) family were characterized in the developing mouse forebrain. In situ hybridisation on sections from E12 embryos showed an expression of dkk2 in the thalamus and dkk3 in the cortical hem and thalamus. At later developmental stages ... |
2,320,875 | Surgical resection for patients with benign primary brain tumors and low grade gliomas. | 'Benign' brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of primary neoplasms representing 40% of primary brain tumors. Amongst neuroepithelial tumors, astrocytic neoplasms predominate, followed by oligodendroglial and mixed glial and glial-neuronal neoplasms. Less common are tumors of the ependyma, choroid plexus and neuroepit... |
2,320,876 | Study of total homocyst(e)ine levels in type 2 diabetic patients with silent brain infarction. | Hyperhomocysteinemia is thought to have an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebral infarction. When associated with diabetes mellitus, it might worsen the neurologic course. The aim of the study was to clarify the relation between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations and silent brain infarction (SBI... |
2,320,877 | The effects of substance P after central administration on the activity of the mesolimbic system of the rat brain as studied by microdialysis. | In vivo microdialysis was used to study the effects of substance P on dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid levels in the nucleus accumbens in rats. Each animal received sequential injections of physiological saline, 0.1 microg of substance P, and 1 microg of substance P into the lateral ventricle... |
2,320,878 | Development of neural stem/progenitor cells from human brain by transplantation into the brains of adult rats. | The aim of the present work was to study human neural stem/progenitor cells (SPC) cultured in vitro and their potential to survive, migrate, and differentiate after transplantation into adult rat brain. SPC were extracted from the brains of nine-week human embryos and were cultured in selective medium for three weeks. ... |
2,320,879 | Type II iodothyronine deiodinase protein in chicken choroid plexus: additional perspectives on T3 supply in the avian brain. | It is widely accepted that type II iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is mostly present in the brain, where it maintains the homeostasis of thyroid hormone (TH) levels. Although intensive studies have been performed on activity and mRNA levels of the deiodinases, very little is known about their expression at the protein le... |
2,320,880 | [Craniopharyngiomas. Clinicopathological aspects in different age groups]. | Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumors of the hypothalamo-pituitary region, developing from embryonic remnants of Rathke's pouch and sac. Their overall incidence is 0.13 per 100,000 person years. Most frequently, they are suprasellar, start growing in childhood and originate neurological and hormonal symptoms. We ret... |
2,320,881 | Gunshot wound of the heart with embolism to the right axillary artery. | The rarity of bullet emboli leads to frequent delays in diagnosis and inadequate early management. A case report of a bullet entering the right ventricle and embolization to the right axillary artery is presented. Our recent experience with this entity is described, and 160 cases reported in the English literature are ... |
2,320,882 | Neurite outgrowth from hippocampal neurons is promoted by choroid plexus ependymal cells in vitro. | Choroid plexus ependymal cells (CPECs) were known to promote axonal growth when choroid plexus is grafted into the adult rat spinal cord. The present study was carried out to examine whether CPECs promote axonal outgrowth from neurons derived from the CNS in vitro. Hippocampal neurons were cocultured on CPEC monolayers... |
2,320,883 | Influence of dopamine on flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) in prenatally mercury intoxicated rats. | The female adult white Wistar rats were given tap water (control) or 50 ppm of methylmercury chloride (MMC) ad libitum throughout their pregnancies. Newborn rats drank mother's milk during the first 21 days after delivery and then only tap water. The study was carried out on three-month old offsprings of white Wistar r... |
2,320,884 | Volumetric analysis of regional cerebral development in preterm children. | Preterm birth is frequently associated with both neuropathologic and cognitive sequelae. This study examined cortical lobe, subcortical, and lateral ventricle development in association with perinatal variables and cognitive outcome. High-resolution volumetric magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired and quantifi... |
2,320,885 | Roles of the mammalian subventricular zone in cell replacement after brain injury. | The subventricular zones (SVZs) are essential sources of new cells in the developing brain and remnants of these germinal zones persist into adulthood. As these cells have the capacity to replenish neurons and glia that are turning over, many investigators have assessed the SVZ's role in replacing neural cells eliminat... |
2,320,886 | Role of central 5-HT3 receptors in the control of blood pressure in stressed and non-stressed rats. | The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of central 5-HT(3) receptors in the control of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) of non-stressed and stressed rats. The pharmacological stimulation of brain 5-HT(3) receptors by third ventricle injections of the selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist m-CPBG... |
2,320,887 | Central neurocytoma: a clinicopathological and neuroradiological study. | Central neurocytoma (CNC) is an uncommon benign tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) occurring in adults and is more likely to be located in the region of the foramina of Monra. Few studies have described the neuroradiological features of CNC, and most are single case reports. Our aim was to analyze the clinicopat... |
2,320,888 | Effects of i.c.v. administration of leptin on copulatory and ingestive behavior in STZ-induced diabetic male rats. | It is well known that circulating leptin concentrations correlate with adiposity in both humans and rodents and decrease after fasting, energy restriction, or weight loss. The goal of the present study was to confirm whether the decreases of copulatory behavior and the increases of ingestive behavior in STZ-induced dia... |
2,320,889 | Supratentorial cerebrospinal fluid production rate in healthy adults: quantification with two-dimensional cine phase-contrast MR imaging with high temporal and spatial resolution. | A method for objectively determining supratentorial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rate is described. The method employs cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging with high temporal and spatial resolution at the level of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Automatic encircling of the aqueduct was accomplished by using ... |
2,320,890 | [Psychological evaluation in children with a cavum of the septum pellucidum]. | Was to determine the influence of the persistent cavum of the septum pellucidum (CSP) on the children intellectual development in different age groups.</AbstractText>There were 53 children with CSP examined (3.4% of the hospitalised children), 28 girls and 25 boys aged 2 months-14 years. Among them 30 was with normal i... |
2,320,891 | [A study and follow-up of ten cases of benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces]. | To present 10 cases with 'benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces' and its clinical and image evolution.</AbstractText>We study 10 patients, 7 boys and 3 girls, because of macrocephaly. It was made a clinic and image follow-up from the first year of age to their cure. In the series, there are two monozygotic twin... |
2,320,892 | Exercise attenuates diabetes-induced ultrastructural changes in rat cardiac tissue. | <AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Exercise is an effective nonpharmacological treatment in the prevention of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease in Type I diabetes. This study sought to explore the effects of endurance exercise on the ultrastructural changes seen in di... |
2,320,893 | Central infusion of agouti-related peptide suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey. | Agouti-related peptide (AGRP), an endogenous melanocortin receptor antagonist, is a powerful orexigenic peptide when infused centrally. AGRP and neuropeptide Y (NPY), another orexigenic peptide, are colocated within the same neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Both NPY and AGRP mRNA expression increases during food restric... |
2,320,894 | Treatment of tumors involving the optic nerves and chiasm. | An approach toward treatment of tumors involving the optic apparatus is presented. When tumors cause mass effect, microsurgical excision or debulking is generally recommended. Radiosurgery has been controversial yet advances in imaging and high speed computer planning allow treatment of lesions involving the optic appa... |
2,320,895 | Primary intra-axial leiomyosarcoma with obstructive hydrocephalus in a young dog. | A female Chihuahua dog aged 2 months had a 3-week history of progressive neurological signs (abnormal behaviour, disorientation, left-sided circling, and incessant whimpering). Necropsy revealed a primary leiomyosarcoma in the midline of the posterior thalamus with secondary obstructive hydrocephalus of the lateral ven... |
2,320,896 | Pseudotumor cerebri patients with shunts from the cisterna magna: clinical course and telemetric intracranial pressure data. | Shunting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to an extracranial site is the mainstay of treatment of absorptive hydrocephalus and pseudotumor cerebri. On occasion, both lateral ventricles and the lumbar space become unsuitable for placement of a functioning CSF drainage catheter. We have encountered several such patients and ... |
2,320,897 | Isolated third and fourth ventricles associated with neurosarcoidosis successfully treated by neuroendoscopy--case report. | A 48-year-old woman presented with a unique case of isolated third and fourth ventricles associated with neurosarcoidosis, manifesting as upward gaze palsy. She had a past history of surgery for intracranial sarcoid granuloma 10 years previously and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 3 years later. Magnetic reso... |
2,320,898 | Improvement of visual acuity caused by opticochiasmal astrocytoma after treatment for associated hydrocephalus--case report. | A 33-year-old male presented with syncopal attacks. He had a history of slowly progressive deterioration of visual acuity in both eyes. His visual deterioration began in the left eye at age 12 years and in the right eye at age 20 years. His left eye was completely blind by age 33 years. He had received no prior treatme... |
2,320,899 | Large supratentorial ectopic ependymoma with massive calcification and cyst formation--case report. | A 6-year-old boy presented with a large supratentorial ependymoma with massive calcification and central cyst formation manifesting as generalized convulsion and right hemiparesis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, poorly enhanced, left frontal mass with massive calcification and a cent... |
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