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2,321,000 | Differential expression of p120 catenin in glial cells of the adult rat brain. | p120 catenin (p120ctn) is involved in the regulation of cadherin-mediated adhesion and the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton by modulating RhoGTPase activity. We have previously described the distribution of p120ctn during rat brain development and provided substantial evidence for the potential involvemen... |
2,321,001 | Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide improves water maze performance of neonatally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned young rats. | This study addressed the proposed memory-modulating effect of the cholecystokinin (CCK) 2 agonist Boc-CCK-4 in rats using a Morris water maze. In the brain, CCK is colocalized and interacts with dopamine, respectively. To impair dopaminergic neurotransmission, and consequently, dopamine-mediated learning and memory, ra... |
2,321,002 | [Value of magnetization transfer imaging in judging microchanges lesions in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis]. | To explore the value of magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) in judging microscopic lesions in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis (MS).</AbstractText>Forty-one patients with brain MS, 17 males and 24 females, aged 13 approximately 65, and 21 healthy people, 8 males and 13 females, aged 18 approximately... |
2,321,003 | Recombinant Sendai virus vectors deleted in both the matrix and the fusion genes: efficient gene transfer with preferable properties. | Sendai virus (SeV) is a new type of cytoplasmic RNA vector, which infects and replicates in most mammalian cells, directs high-level expression of the genes on its genome and is free from genotoxicity. In order to improve this vector, both the matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes were deleted from its genome.</AbstractText>... |
2,321,004 | Focal sonographic periventricular pattern associated with mild ventriculomegaly in foetal cytomegalic infection revealing cytomegalic encephalitis in the third trimester of pregnancy. | To report focal sonographic periventricular pattern related to residual germinal matrix lesions in foetal cytomegalic infection in association with mild ventriculomegaly seen during the third trimester of pregnancy correlating with neuropathological findings of encephalitis.</AbstractText>We reviewed prenatal cerebral ... |
2,321,005 | Aging results in reduced epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, diminished olfactory neurogenesis, and deficits in fine olfactory discrimination. | Previous studies demonstrating olfactory interneuron involvement in olfactory discrimination and decreased proliferation in the forebrain subventricular zone with age led us to ask whether olfactory neurogenesis and, consequently, olfactory discrimination were impaired in aged mice. Pulse labeling showed that aged mice... |
2,321,006 | Frontal lobe volume, function, and beta-amyloid pathology in a canine model of aging. | Application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques reveals that human brain aging varies across cortical regions. One area particularly sensitive to normal aging is the frontal lobes. In vitro neuropathological studies and behavioral measures in a canine model of aging previously suggested that the frontal lobe... |
2,321,007 | A new in vitro model for blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier transport studies: an immortalized choroid plexus epithelial cell line derived from the tsA58 SV40 large T-antigen gene transgenic rat. | The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) plays a key role in the influx and efflux transport of drugs and endogenous substrates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To clarify the molecular mechanism of the BCSFB transport system, a new in vitro BCSFB model, i.e. an immortalized rat choroid plexus epithelial cell lin... |
2,321,008 | Usefulness and limitation of primary cultured porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells as an in vitro model to study drug transport at the blood-CSF barrier. | The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus form the anatomical structure responsible for the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Here we present our recent progress in the application of porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells in the investigation of permeability and transport properties of this tissue in vitro. I... |
2,321,009 | Principles and applicability of CSF sampling for the assessment of CNS drug delivery and pharmacodynamics. | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations are used as a surrogate measure of central nervous system (CNS) availability of drugs. Systemically administered drugs can reach CSF either directly via passage across the choroid plexus, or indirectly by passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) followed by diffusion/convect... |
2,321,010 | Confocal imaging of xenobiotic transport across the choroid plexus. | Confocal microscopy is a tool by which the distribution of fluorescent compounds within living, complex tissues can be mapped at submicrometer resolution and quantitated. This laboratory has used confocal imaging and quantitative image analysis to visualize transport of xenobiotics across intact rat and mouse choroid p... |
2,321,011 | Potential role of ABC transporters as a detoxification system at the blood-CSF barrier. | Exchange of compounds between blood and brain occurs at two barriers, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). The barrier function is mainly a result of the functionality of the cerebral endothelial cells and choroidal epithelial cells, respectively. These cell types have restri... |
2,321,012 | Peptide and peptide analog transport systems at the blood-CSF barrier. | In addition to being the main source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion, the choroid plexuses are involved in the supply and distribution of peptides to brain, the removal of toxic metabolites, the excretion of xenobiotics, and the delivery of drugs as an alternative route to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The disc... |
2,321,013 | Efflux transport systems for organic anions and cations at the blood-CSF barrier. | The choroid plexus (CP), located in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles, is the site of elimination of xenobiotics and endogenous waste from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) together with convective flow associated with CSF turnover. Active efflux transport systems, as well as metabolic enzymes in the choroid plexus ... |
2,321,014 | Detoxification systems, passive and specific transport for drugs at the blood-CSF barrier in normal and pathological situations. | The production by the choroid plexuses of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), its circulation and resorption are unique characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS). In conjunction with the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the flow dynamic of this fluid are the main elements setting the ... |
2,321,015 | The structure of the choroid plexus and the physiology of the choroid plexus epithelium. | The choroid plexuses (CPs) are leaf-like highly vascular structures laying in the ventricles. The main function of choroid plexuses is the production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although CPs have a unique distribution of ion transporters/channels, the mechanism of CSF production is similar to the production of fl... |
2,321,016 | A role for L-glutamate ionotropic receptors in the development of rat neurogenic pulmonary edema. | The present study was undertaken to evaluate possible roles of L-glutamate ionotropic receptors in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Perfusion of L-glutamate into the fourth ventricles of rats increased nitric oxide (NO) signals in the efflux solution concentration-dependently, significantly reducing both the occurrence and ... |
2,321,017 | NMDA receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex mediate pain-related aversion. | Using a rat formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) model and Fos immunohistochemistry, the present study observed the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxozole propionic acid/kainite (AMPA/KA) receptors on pain-related aversion. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were impla... |
2,321,018 | Intracerebroventricular injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist blocks the suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion induced by neuromedin U in ovariectomized rats after 48 hours of fasting. | We recently reported that neuromedin U (NMU) and fasting synergistically suppressed the pulsatile LH secretion, even though NMU has been shown to act as a satiety factor. In the present study, we examined whether this synergistic effect on the pulsatile LH secretion was mediated via corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH... |
2,321,019 | Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neuronal degeneration in the brainstem of the superoxide dismutase 1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming the preferred neuroimaging modality for the diagnosis of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A useful animal model of ALS is the superoxide dismutase 1G93A G1H transgenic mouse, which shows many of the clinico-pathological features of the human condition. We have empl... |
2,321,020 | Temporal expression changes during differentiation of neural stem cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cell. | Temporal analysis in gene expression during differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) was performed by using in-house microarrays composed of 10,368 genes. The changes in mRNA level were measured during differentiation day 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 15. Out of 10,368 genes analyzed, 259 genes were up-regulated or down-regul... |
2,321,021 | 1H MR chemical shift imaging detection of phenylalanine in patients suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU). | Short echo time single voxel methods were used in previous MR spectroscopy studies of phenylalanine (Phe) levels in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. In this study, apparent T2 relaxation time of the 7.3-ppm Phe multiplet signal in the brain of PKU patients was assessed in order to establish which echo time would be opti... |
2,321,022 | The accuracy and optimal slice thickness of multislice helical computed tomography for right and left ventricular volume measurement. | Multislice helical computed tomography (MSCT) has been used to depict coronary anatomy noninvasively, and proved useful for evaluating ventricular function. The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy of ventricular volume as measured by MSCT.</AbstractText>Fourteen human left ventricular (LV) and 15 right ventricu... |
2,321,023 | Headache profiles in patients with a dilatated cyst of the cavum septi pellucidi. | The dilatated cyst of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is rare and may be associated with headaches. We reviewed the computerized database of 54,000 patients' computed tomography or magnetic resonance images and found 22 cases (0.04%) involving a dilatated cyst of the CSP. Sixteen patients had a chief complaint of heada... |
2,321,024 | Neuropilin-1 is required for endothelial tip cell guidance in the developing central nervous system. | Recent evidence indicates that sprouting angiogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) is a guided process similar to the guidance of axons and insect tracheal tubes. Specialized tip cells of vessel sprouts navigate in response to local depots or gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). Neuropilin-1... |
2,321,025 | Effect of melatonin on the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. | This study was designed to investigate the preventive effect of melatonin on doxorubicin's most important side effect, cardiotoxicity. Forty male albino Wistar rats were utilized and the rats were divided into five groups: group I, 0.9% NaCl for 4 days; group II, doxorubicin 3 mg/kg/day for 4 days; group III, 2.5 % eth... |
2,321,026 | Tau becomes a more favorable substrate for GSK-3 when it is prephosphorylated by PKA in rat brain. | Microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies and is believed to lead to neurodegeneration in this family of diseases. Here we show that infusion of forskolin, a specific cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activator, into the lateral ventricle ... |
2,321,027 | Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: an MRI study. | A high prevalence of abnormal cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in schizophrenia may reflect neurodevelopmental abnormalities in midline structures of the brain. The relationship, however, between abnormal CSP and clinical symptoms, and with abnormalities in other limbic structures remains unclear, as does the question of wh... |
2,321,028 | Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone following transcranial magnetic field stimulation and nigrostriatal lesions. | Neurogenesis continues at least in two regions of the mammalian adult brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone in hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurogenesis in these regions is subjected to physiological regulation and can be modified by pharmacological and pathological events. Here we report the indu... |
2,321,029 | Transitions in ventricular activation revealed by two-dimensional optical mapping. | While cardiac function in the mature heart is dependent on a properly functioning His-Purkinje system, the early embryonic tubular heart efficiently pumps blood without a distinct specialized conduction system. Although His-Purkinje system precursors have been identified using immunohistological techniques in the loope... |
2,321,030 | Congenital idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius. | We present the first report of an association between hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS) and a specific form of congenital idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) in an infant. Diagnosis of HSAS was suspected during the neonatal period because of a severely dilated ventricular system ... |
2,321,031 | Localization and functional analyses of the MLC1 protein involved in megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts. | Mutations in the MLC1 gene are responsible for one form of the neurological disorder megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC). The disease is a type of vacuolating myelinopathy. The biochemical properties and the function of the MLC1 protein are unknown. To characterize MLC1, we generated polycl... |
2,321,032 | Clinical significance of isolated paraventricular cysts on cranial ultrasonography. | Isolated paraventricular cysts detected on routine cranial ultrasonography in premature and full term neonates are often incidental findings. The aetiology and clinical significance of these lesions is uncertain. A case control study was designed to attempt to clarify the clinical significance of isolated paraventricul... |
2,321,033 | Intracranial pressure patterns after endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Preliminary experience. | Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) has become the treatment of choice for non-communicating hydrocephalus as it is able to couple high success rate (60-80%) with rare complications (about 5%). Nevertheless, which is the best postoperative care standard and whether or not it is possible to predict the success of the... |
2,321,034 | Hydrocephalus following prenatal exposure to ethanol. | Pregnant rats were administered a liquid diet containing 5% (w/v) ethanol between gestational days 10 and 21, and the brains of nine offspring were examined at 8 weeks of age. Two ethanol-treated offspring showed obvious hydrocephalus characterized by markedly enlarged lateral ventricles. Most of the other ethanol-trea... |
2,321,035 | The septum pellucidum and its variants. An MRI study. | Increased prevalence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in schizophrenic patients in comparison to healthy subjects was reported previously. Our purpose was to evaluate the prevalence of variants of the septum pellucidum in healthy subjects in three different age groups.</AbstractText>151 healthy subjects, including 46 chi... |
2,321,036 | [Changes in brain structure caused by neuroleptic medication]. | A couple of studies showed that neuroleptic treatment affects brain morphology. This paper reviews findings of volumetric longitudinal studies on treated schizophrenics, longitudinal studies considering the effect of different neuroleptic treatments on brain morphology, and studies on neuroleptic-naive patients with sc... |
2,321,037 | Melanocortin-independent effects of leptin on hepatic glucose fluxes. | Leptin and insulin share some hypothalamic signaling molecules, but their central administration induces different effects on hepatic glucose fluxes. Acute insulin infusion in the third cerebral ventricle inhibits endogenous glucose production (GP), whereas acute leptin infusion stimulates gluconeogenesis but does not ... |
2,321,038 | Homocysteine and the brain in midadult life: evidence for an increased risk of leukoaraiosis in men. | High serum homocysteine (HCY) levels have been associated with thromboembolic cerebrovascular disease, but their relationship to microvascular disease is uncertain. Homocysteine also has a direct neurotoxic effect and has been linked to brain atrophy and an increased risk of Alzheimer disease.</AbstractText>To examine ... |
2,321,039 | A controlled study of brain structure in monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for schizophrenia. | We examined monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for schizophrenia to clarify the role of genetic and environmental factors in determining brain abnormalities.</AbstractText>Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 14 monozygotic twin pairs concordant and 10 monozygotic pairs discordant for schi... |
2,321,040 | The relationship between volumetric brain changes and cognitive function: a family study on schizophrenia. | We examined the cerebral correlates of intelligence, memory, and executive processing in 56 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 90 of their nonpsychotic relatives to establish whether the pattern of structure--function relationships in these two groups was different from that in 55 control subje... |
2,321,041 | Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging brain morphometry studies in bipolar disorder. | Several studies assessing volumetric measurements of regional brain structure in bipolar disorder have been published in recent years, but their results have been inconsistent. Our aim was to complete a meta-analysis of regional morphometry in bipolar disorder as assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</Abstra... |
2,321,042 | Participation of histaminergic H1 and noradrenergic alpha 1 receptors in orexin A-induced wakefulness in rats. | The participation of histaminergic H(1) and noradrenergic alpha(1) receptors in orexin A-induced wakefulness was studied by examining the sleep-wakefulness cycle in rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of orexin A (1 nmol) caused an increase in the wakefulness state, while non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep) an... |
2,321,043 | New insights in developmental origins of different GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) systems in perciform fish: an immunohistochemical study in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). | The knowledge of the roles and origins of different gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) systems could greatly contribute to improve the understanding of mechanisms involved in the physiological control of early development, puberty and spawning. Thus, in this study, we have analyzed the distribution of the cells exp... |
2,321,044 | Acute subdural hematoma due to arteriovenous malformation primarily in dura mater: a case report. | We report a 42-year-old female with alcohol addiction who suddenly died of subdural hematoma (SDH) caused by dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM). In autopsy, there was seen a massive SDH with a total weight of 181 g that covered an entire part of the left cerebral hemisphere, although either serious external injurie... |
2,321,045 | [Microsurgical resection of the recurrent craniopharyngiomas]. | To study the effective method of microsurgical resection of the recurrent craniopharyngiomas.</AbstractText>Microsurgical resection underwent in 40 cases with the recurrent craniopharyngiomas that accounted for 24 men and 16 women with mean age 35.1 year old. Visual deterioration was mainly complained in 25 patents, he... |
2,321,046 | Adult ventricular cardiomyocytes: isolation and culture. | Isolated cardiomyocytes are a prerequisite to study the biology of cardiomyocytes. Efficient isolation is difficult, as these cells adhere firmly together in the heart and do not divide. Therefore, any experiment is restricted to the amount of calcium-tolerant, rod-shaped cardiomyocytes that can be initially isolated f... |
2,321,047 | Intracerebroventricular administration of MK-801 increases food intake through mechanisms independent of gastric emptying. | Systemic or hindbrain administration of MK-801, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, increases meal size. To examine whether MK-801 enhances intake by increasing gastric emptying, we administered MK-801 (2.0 microg/3.0 microl) into the fourth ventricle [intracerebroventricular (ICV)] and measured ... |
2,321,048 | [Mycotic lesions in the brain in chronic opium-ephedrone addiction]. | Histological examination of the brain of a opium-ephedrone addict has detected large spherical cells resembling Coccidioides or Paracoccidioides spherules. Roundish and oval structures were found in subependymal space of the fourth ventricle. These structures may be spores of many fungi. Areas of normal structure and t... |
2,321,049 | Meningiomas of the velum interpositum: surgical considerations.<Pagination><StartPage>E11</StartPage><MedlinePgn>E11</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Meningiomas of the third ventricle are a rare subtype of pineal region tumor that arise from the posterior portion of the velum interpositum, the double l... | Meningiomas of the third ventricle are a rare subtype of pineal region tumor that arise from the posterior portion of the velum interpositum, the double layer of pia mater that forms the roof of the third ventricle. The authors review the literature concerning these meningiomas and present a case in which the lesion wa... |
2,321,050 | [Surgical treatment of intraventricular tumors]. | In the last 11 years we operated on 20 patients (1.03% of all operated brain tumors) with lateral ventricular masses. Anamnesis lasted from 6 months in the case of epileptic seizures to 6 years when headache was the main symptom of disease only. Tumor was located in the anterior cornu and pars centralis in 15, in the t... |
2,321,051 | Involvement of endogenous vasopressin in high plasma osmolality-induced anorexia via V1 receptor-mediated mechanism. | It is known that water deprivation or injection of hypertonic saline induces anorexia. The present study examined the possible involvement of vasopressin in the suppression of food intake during high plasma osmolality. Intraperitoneal injection of vasopressin (20 microg/kg) into male rats significantly suppressed food ... |
2,321,052 | p107 regulates neural precursor cells in the mammalian brain. | Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. In vitro neurosphere assays revealed striking increases in the number of neurosphere fo... |
2,321,053 | Dissociation of hyperalgesia from fever following intracerebroventricular administration of interleukin-1beta in the rat. | Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a cytokine that contributes to the hyperalgesia, inactivity, and fever associated with illness. These three components of the illness response occur simultaneously following peripheral administration of IL-1beta. The objective of the present study was to determine whether hyperalgesia, i... |
2,321,054 | The neonatal treatment of rats with monosodium glutamate induces morphological changes in the subfornical organ. | The parenteral administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal rats induces specific lesions in the central nervous system that lead to a well characterized neuroendocrinological dysfunction. Additionally, it has been shown that MSG-treated rats present a blunted blood pressure response to the injection of nit... |
2,321,055 | Endotracheal tube electrodes to map and monitor activities of the vagus nerve intraoperatively. Technical note. | Difficulty swallowing due to damage of the vagus nerve is one of the most devastating complications of surgery in and around the medulla oblongata; therefore, intraoperative anatomical and functional evaluation of this nerve is crucial. The authors applied endotracheal tube surface electrodes to record electromyography... |
2,321,056 | Suprapineal recess: an alternate site for third ventriculostomy? Case report. | This 30-year-old woman presented with clinical symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension and Parinaud syndrome secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed gross triventricular hydrocephalus with a large suprapineal recess due to aqueductal stenosis. Using an endos... |
2,321,057 | Comparison of the transvermian and telovelar approaches to the fourth ventricle. | The two most common surgical routes to the fourth ventricle are the transvermian and telovelar approaches. The purpose of this study was to compare the microanatomy and exposures gained through these approaches.</AbstractText>Ten formalin-fixed specimens were dissected in a stepwise manner to simulate the transvermian ... |
2,321,058 | Surgical closure and reconstruction of a large occipital encephalocele without parenchymal excision. | Encephalomeningocele is a herniation of the brain and meninges through a congenital bone defect resulting from the failure of normal midline fusion of the cranial neural tube. Various sites are possible; however, among Caucasians more than 70% of encephaloceles are located on the occipital/posterior part of the cranium... |
2,321,059 | Apparent scarcity of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the brain of the pygmy shrew Sorex minutus as revealed by immunocytochemistry. | We examined astroglial cells in the brain of the pygmy shrew Sorex minutus (Insectivora). For that purpose we labeled glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemically in brain sections with a polyclonal antibody. Antigen retrieval experiments were performed to counteract formaldehyde fixation masking of GFA... |
2,321,060 | Stereotactically guided microsurgical removal of colloid cysts. | The surgical technique and clinical results for a series of 16 consecutive patients who underwent resection of third ventricular colloid cysts through a stereotactically guided cylindrical retractor are presented.</AbstractText>Between March 1993 and December 2002, 16 patients, 11 males and 5 females with a mean age of... |
2,321,061 | Huge arachnoid cyst in the posterior fossa: controversial discussion for selection of the surgical approach. | We report a case of a huge posterior fossa arachnoid cyst with hydrocephalus. This 15-month-old girl presented with macrocrania and psychomotor retardation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated ventriculomegaly and a huge cystic lesion in the posterior fossa. A membranectomy was performed microscopically and th... |
2,321,062 | Enhancer trapping in zebrafish using the Sleeping Beauty transposon. | Among functional elements of a metazoan gene, enhancers are particularly difficult to find and annotate. Pioneering experiments in Drosophila have demonstrated the value of enhancer "trapping" using an invertebrate to address this functional genomics problem.</AbstractText>We modulated a Sleeping Beauty transposon-base... |
2,321,063 | Manual occipital ventricular puncture for cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery: can aiming be standardized? | The manual occipital ventricular puncture is a standard surgical procedure, but specific targeting has not received sufficient attention despite the experience of anatomical disorientation. This study tried to identify an exact site for the ideal trajectory with this method, especially in the sagittal plane, which avoi... |
2,321,064 | Off-frequency tuning error artifact in steady-state free precession cine imaging due to adjacent air-filled bowel. | Identification of common cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) artifacts is important to optimal image acquisition quality and the avoidance of mistaken clinical diagnosis. We describe an off-frequency tuning error artifact observed during rapid steady-state free precession acquisitions in three patients and resultin... |
2,321,065 | Minimally invasive management of the third ventricle glioma in a patient without hydrocephalus: neurofiberscopic biopsy followed by gamma knife radiosurgery. | There is usually concern that ventricular enlargement is necessary for safe neuroendoscopic procedures. However, newly developed models of neurofiberscopes with a small outer diameter can be effectively used even in patients without ventriculomegaly. We present the case of a successful neurofiberscopic biopsy of a thir... |
2,321,066 | [Virtual MR endoscopy of the ventricles prior to neurosurgical interventional endoscopy -- evaluation of different presentation techniques]. | In the past, virtual endoscopies have been performed for planning of endoscopic interventions or for diagnostic purposes in various organ systems with increasing frequency. This study evaluates the ability of virtual ventricular endoscopy to depict anatomical structures and the use for planning of real endoscopy.</Abst... |
2,321,067 | Choroid plexus papilloma associated with developmental delay. | Choroid plexus papillomas are rare, benign tumors of neuroectodermal origin usually observed in the lateral ventricles of children. The usual presenting signs of choroid plexus papillomas are related to hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. A child presented to us with clinical features of delayed mileston... |
2,321,068 | Estrogen increases brain expression of the mRNA encoding transthyretin, an amyloid beta scavenger protein. | Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The multiple mechanisms by which estrogen protects against AD are still unknown. To conduct a broad screen for estrogen-regulated AD-related genes in the brain, we used cDNA array assays of brain mRNA sam... |
2,321,069 | Malignant meningioma of the lateral ventricle. Case report. | This 65-year-old man presented with a very rare malignant meningioma in the trigonum of the right lateral ventricle. Neurological examination showed bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid, enhancing tumor in the right trigonum with a hypointense cystic component located in the center of the ... |
2,321,070 | Knowledge-driven automated extraction of the human cerebral ventricular system from MR images. | This work presents an efficient and automated method to extract the human cerebral ventricular system from MRI driven by anatomic knowledge. The ventricular system is divided into six three-dimensional regions; six ROIs are defined based on the anatomy and literature studies regarding variability of the cerebral ventri... |
2,321,071 | Neighbor-constrained segmentation with 3D deformable models. | A novel method for the segmentation of multiple objects from 3D medical images using inter-object constraints is presented. Our method is motivated by the observation that neighboring structures have consistent locations and shapes that provide configurations and context that aid in segmentation. We define a Maximum A ... |
2,321,072 | Optimal deformable surface models for 3D medical image analysis. | We present a novel method for building an optimal statistical deformable model from a set of surfaces whose topological realization is homeomorphic to a compact 2D manifold with boundary. The optimal parameterization of each shape is recursively refined by using hierarchical PBMs and tensor product B-spline representat... |
2,321,073 | Third ventriculostomy in communicating hydrocephalus in adult patients -- the role of lumbar and cranial cerebrospinal fluid outflow measurement. | To evaluate the value of CSF outflow resistance testing as a criterion for endscopic treatment in case of communicating hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>12 patients with communicating hydrocephalus were integrated in a prospective study from 1999 - 2001. Under the assumption of different hydromechanical properties of both ... |
2,321,074 | Angiotensin receptor type 1 forms a complex with the transient outward potassium channel Kv4.3 and regulates its gating properties and intracellular localization. | We report a novel signal transduction complex of the angiotensin receptor type 1. In this complex the angiotensin receptor type 1 associates with the potassium channel alpha-subunit Kv4.3 and regulates its intracellular distribution and gating properties. Co-localization of Kv4.3 with angiotensin receptor type 1 and fl... |
2,321,075 | Integration and differentiation of neural stem cells after transplantation into the dysmyelinated central nervous system of adult mice. | Mutant mice deficient in the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and the nonreceptor-type tyrosine kinase Fyn are characterized by a severely hypomyelinated central nervous system (CNS) and morphologically abnormal myelin sheaths. Despite this pronounced phenotype, MAG/Fyn-deficient mice have a normal longevity. In th... |
2,321,076 | Cerebral creatine kinase deficiency influences metabolite levels and morphology in the mouse brain: a quantitative in vivo 1H and 31P magnetic resonance study. | Creatine kinase (CK)-catalysed ATP-phosphocreatine (PCr) exchange is considered to play a key role in energy homeostasis of the brain. This study assessed the metabolic and anatomical consequences of partial or complete depletion of this system in transgenic mice without cytosolic B-CK (B-CK-/-), mitochondrial ubiquito... |
2,321,077 | A new pulse sequence to visualize slow flow. | The purpose of this paper is to present a new pulse sequence for visualizing slow flow. The new sequence consists of an initial Stejskal-Tanner flow sensitization part followed by a DEFT pulse and a spoiler gradient. A single-shot TSE readout train is then applied to sample the NMR signal. The sequence was initially te... |
2,321,078 | Increased cardiac workload by closure of the ductus arteriosus leads to hypertrophy and apoptosis rather than to hyperplasia in the late fetal period. | It is generally thought that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes compensate for an increased workload by hypertrophy, whereas fetal myocardium grows by cellular proliferation. We analyzed the response of late-fetal rat hearts upon an increased workload imposed by premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus with indometh... |
2,321,079 | The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings. | The authors review existing structural and functional neuroimaging studies of patients with bipolar disorder and discuss how these investigations enhance our understanding of the neurophysiology of this illness. Findings from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that some abnormalities, such as t... |
2,321,080 | [Development of automated measurement method for medial temporal lobe on CT images]. | Recent research has suggested that the measurement of regional atrophy in the structure of the medial temporal lobe is a promising way to discriminate Alzheimer-type dementia patients from healthy control subjects. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to measure the medial temporal lobe automatically in... |
2,321,081 | Tetrahydroacridine inhibits voltage-dependent Na(+) current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. | To study the effects of tetrahydroacridine (tacrine) on voltage-gated Na(+) channels in cardiac tissues.</AbstractText>Single ventricular myocytes were enzymatically dissociated from adult guinea-pig heart. Voltage-dependent Na(+) current was recorded using whole cell voltage-clamp technique.</AbstractText>(1) Tacrine ... |
2,321,082 | Auto-SENSE view-sharing cine cardiac imaging. | Cardiac MR cine imaging during breath hold is a compromise between spatial and temporal resolution and duration of breath hold. Especially for sick patients who have problems holding their breath, a short acquisition time is mandatory for all sequences. A combination of Auto-SENSE parallel imaging and view-sharing was ... |
2,321,083 | Impact of margin for target volume in low-dose involved field radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy for intracranial germinoma. | We previously published a report stating that germinomas with elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG-beta) had a poor relapse rate, but these findings have not been supported by a multi-institutional trial. The margin for initial gross tumor volume (GTV) before surgery and chemotherapy of the same materi... |
2,321,084 | A new GLT1 splice variant: cloning and immunolocalization of GLT1c in the mammalian retina and brain. | We have identified a novel carboxyl-terminal splice-variant of the glutamate transporter GLT1, which we denote as GLT1c. Within the rat brain only low levels of protein and message were detected, protein expression being restricted to end feet of astrocytes apposed to blood vessels or some astrocytes adjacent to the ve... |
2,321,085 | Intraventricular meningioma with drop metastases and subgaleal metastatic nodule. | We report a case of malignant intraventricular meningioma with CSF drop metastases and an implantation metastatic subgaleal nodule in a 53-year-old woman. Malignant intraventricular meningiomas are rare with only seven cases being reported in the literature. These tumours can be very aggressive and one should consider ... |
2,321,086 | Operative technique: the anterior transcallosal transseptal interforniceal approach to the third ventricle and resection of hypothalamic hamartomas. | Background. We have previously described the resection of hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) using a transcallosal approach [Transcallosal resection of hypothalamic hamartomas, with control of seizures, in children with gelastic epilepsy, Neurosurgery, 2001]. Since then, we have refined the technique and now describe in deta... |
2,321,087 | Attenuation of vascularity by preoperative radiosurgery facilitates total removal of a hypervascular hemangioblastoma at the cerebello-pontine angle: case report. | The surgical removal of solid, large, and deep-seated hemangioblastomas remains challenging because it is difficult to control bleeding during the procedure. We used preoperative radiosurgery in a solid, highly vascular hemangioblastoma at the left cerebello-pontine angle and present our angiographic, operative, and hi... |
2,321,088 | MGluRs regulate the expression of neuronal calcium sensor proteins NCS-1 and VILIP-1 and the immediate early gene arg3.1/arc in the hippocampus in vivo. | The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) is involved in several forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. DHPG application can induce slow-onset potentiation, a form of long-term potentiation (LTP), in the dentate gyrus and in the CA1 region in vivo. The induction of L... |
2,321,089 | Decreases in ventricular volume correlate with decreases in ventricular pressure in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients who experienced clinical improvement after implantation with adjustable valve shunts. | This retrospective study examined whether changes in ventricular volume correspond with changes in adjustable valve pressure settings in a cohort of patients who received shunts to treat idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. We also examined whether these pressure-volume curves and other patient variables would co-... |
2,321,090 | Intracellular manganese ions provide strong T1 relaxation in rat myocardium. | The efficacy of manganese ions (Mn2+) as intracellular (ic) contrast agents was assessed in rat myocardium. T1 and T2 and Mn content were measured in ventricular tissue excised from isolated perfused hearts in which a 5-min wash-in with 0, 30, 100, 300, or 1000 microM of Mn dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) was followed... |
2,321,091 | Papillomas and carcinomas of the choroid plexus: histological and immunohistochemical studies and comparison with normal fetal choroid plexus. | Choroid plexus tumors are rare. Results on immunohistochemical features are scanty and controversial even regarding normal plexus.</AbstractText>Thirteen cases of choroid plexus tumors and five samples of normal fetal choroid plexus were submitted to immunohistochemical study using a panel of epithelial, neuronal and s... |
2,321,092 | A case of 49,XXXXX in which the extra X chromosomes were maternal in origin. | This report describes an 11 month old female baby with features of pentasomy X. A molecular and cytogenetic evaluation revealed that her karyotype was 49,XXXXX and her extra X chromosomes were of maternal origin. She has muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, a cleft palate, mild hydrocephalus as a result of dilatatio... |
2,321,093 | Case report: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related intervertebral discitis in a young boy with medulloblastoma. | We report a case of a 15-year-old boy with desmoplastic medulloblastoma of the posterior fossa (T3M3, according to Chang classification) incompletely resected, with leptomeningeal and nodular spread in the posterior fossa and in the cervical and thoracic tracts of the spine, treated with sequential high dose iv chemoth... |
2,321,094 | Metabolites in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. | Normally, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains low levels of all metabolite signals on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). We present here three cases (two with seizure disorders, one with a central nervous system lymphoma) who presented with unusually elevated CSF signals on MRSI. Based o... |
2,321,095 | The relationship between brain structure and neurocognition in schizophrenia: a selective review. | Both Kraepelin [1919. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia, Livingston, Edinburgh.] and Bleuler [1911. Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. Reprinted 1950 (trans. and ed. J. Zinkin). New York: International Univ. Press.] proposed that cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia are manifestations of brain abnormali... |
2,321,096 | Extracellular GABA in the medial hypothalamus is increased following hypocretin-1 administration. | Hypocretin 1 is an hypothalamic neuropeptide that induces an increase in food intake when administered into the cerebral lateral ventricle. As it is well known that the medial hypothalamus (MH) is involved in the feeding behaviour also through GABAergic circuits, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect... |
2,321,097 | Biotinidase deficiency: a treatable leukoencephalopathy. | The clinical history and the neuroradiological findings have been reviewed for 5 patients with biotinidase deficiency. Patients were diagnosed in the UK, where neonatal screening for this disorder is not done. The age at presentation ranged from 4 weeks to 5 months and the median interval between presentation and diagn... |
2,321,098 | Expression of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and Mrp1 (ABCC1) in adult rat brain: focus on astrocytes. | P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (Mrp1, ABCC1) are two ATP-driven pumps that mediate the export of organic anions from cells and may confer cellular resistance to many cytotoxic hydrophobic drugs. Immunohistochemistry has shown that P-gp is expressed in rat brain capillary ... |
2,321,099 | Slight elevation of baseline intracranial pressure after fluid infusion into CSF space in patients with hydrocephalus. | To investigate the elevation of resting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure recorded after a CSF infusion test in patients with hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Fifty patients (30 men and 20 women, mean age 68 +/- 13 years) with ventriculomegaly and clinical symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus have been studied. Lumba... |
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