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2,321,100 | 14 mmHg: a case of raised intracranial pressure? | A 40-year-old woman presented with chronic headaches. She had undergone ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt 7 years previously for treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to aqueduct stenosis. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring revealed a resting ICP of less than 5 mmHg. Headaches were thought to be due to low ICP and th... |
2,321,101 | [Adaptive behavior of titin isoforms from skeletal and cardiac muscles of ground squirrels (Citellus undulatus) during hibernation]. | By the use of modified SDS electrophoresis in agarose-strengthened 2% polyacrylamide gels, the adaptive behavior of titin isoforms in skeletal and cardiac muscles of ground squirrels (Citellus undulatus) during hibernation was studied. The presence of two titin isoforms (short and long) with molecular weights approxima... |
2,321,102 | Correction of differential intensity inhomogeneity in longitudinal MR images. | Longitudinal MR imaging is increasingly being used to measure cerebral atrophy progression in dementia and other neurological disorders. Differences in intensity inhomogeneity between serial scans can confound these measurements. This differential bias also distorts nonlinear registration and makes both manual and auto... |
2,321,103 | Cardiovascular effects of long-term central and peripheral administration of urocortin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and adrenocorticotropin in sheep. | The neuroendocrine hormones ACTH and corticotropin- releasing factor (CRF), which are involved in the stress response, have acute effects on arterial pressure. New evidence indicates that urocortin (UCN), the putative agonist for the CRF type 2 receptor, has selective cardiovascular actions. The responses to long-term ... |
2,321,104 | Carrier-mediated uptake of H2-receptor antagonists by the rat choroid plexus: involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3. | The choroid plexus (CP) acts as a site for the elimination of xenobiotic organic compounds from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3; Slc22a8) in the uptake of H(2)-receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidin... |
2,321,105 | Rapid regulation of pain by estrogens synthesized in spinal dorsal horn neurons. | In addition to exerting genomic actions via nuclear receptors within hours to days, estrogens also regulate neuronal activity much faster (within seconds) by activating neuronal membrane receptors coupled to intracellular second-messenger pathways. To date, the origin of estrogens inducing rapid effects in the brain re... |
2,321,106 | A different approach to cysts of the posterior fossa. | Posterior fossa cysts are frequently identified on MR studies. This paper takes a different approach to analyzing these cysts based on the pathology of the cyst wall and the embryology of the hindbrain, choroid plexus, and meninges. The type of cyst depends on the histologic components of the cyst wall. Frequent types ... |
2,321,107 | Antinociceptive profiles of platycodin D in the mouse. | Platycodin D (PD), one of several triterpene saponins, was isolated from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. We previously reported that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of PD showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick assay. However, its exact role in the regulation of antinociception ... |
2,321,108 | Ciliary neurotrophic factor injected icv induces adipose tissue apoptosis in rats. | Recent findings show that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leptin have similar effects on food intake and body weight, suggesting possible overlapping mechanisms. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of leptin results in adipose tissue apoptosis. To determine if CNTF has similar activity, male Sprague Dawley r... |
2,321,109 | Mrp4 confers resistance to topotecan and protects the brain from chemotherapy. | The role of the multidrug resistance protein MRP4/ABCC4 in vivo remains undefined. To explore this role, we generated Mrp4-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, these mice showed enhanced accumulation of the anticancer agent topotecan in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Further studies demonstrated that topotecan wa... |
2,321,110 | Neuron addition and loss in the song system: regulation and function. | Neurons continue to be produced and replaced throughout life in songbirds. Proliferation in the walls of the lateral ventricles gives rise to neurons that migrate long distances to populate many diverse telencephalic regions, including nuclei dedicated to the perception and production of song, a learned behavior. Many ... |
2,321,111 | The road we travelled: discovery, choreography, and significance of brain replaceable neurons. | Neurons are constantly added to the telencephalon of songbirds. In the high vocal center (HVC), where this has been studied, new neurons replace older ones that died. Peaks in replacement are seasonal and affect some neuronal classes but not others. Peaks in replacement coincide with peaks in information acquisition. T... |
2,321,112 | Posterior fontanelle sonography: an acoustic window into the neonatal brain. | Sonographic brain studies are classically performed through the anterior fontanelle, but visualization of posterior supratentorial and infratentorial structures is poor with this approach. Posterior fontanelle sonography is recommended for better assessment of these structures. Our purpose was 1) to determine whether s... |
2,321,113 | Histologic characteristics of normal perivascular spaces along the optic tract: new pathogenetic mechanism for edema in tumors in the pituitary region. | Perivascular (PV) spaces are known to distend and cause edema along the optic tract (OT) in pituitary-region tumors. Interstitial fluid may be retained in PV spaces when tumors block their drainage outlets to subarachnoid spaces. However, these spaces and their outlets have not been anatomically elucidated. Our purpose... |
2,321,114 | Msx1 expression in the adult mouse brain: characterization of populations of beta-galactosidase-positive cells in the hippocampus and fimbria. | We have analyzed Msx1 expression in the mature mouse brain using in situ hybridization and beta-galactosidase activity in Msx1(nLacZ) mice. The study revealed that Msx1 is strongly expressed in the circumventricular organs, such as the subcommissural organ and choroid plexus, and in some epithelia, such as that of the ... |
2,321,115 | Increased ATP content/production in the hypothalamus may be a signal for energy-sensing of satiety: studies of the anorectic mechanism of a plant steroidal glycoside. | A steroidal glycoside with anorectic activity in animals, termed P57AS3 (P57), was isolated from Hoodia gordonii and found to have homologies to the steroidal core of cardiac glycosides. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of the purified P57AS3 demonstrated that the compound has a likely central (CNS) mechanis... |
2,321,116 | L-type and T-type Ca2+ current in cultured ventricular guinea pig myocytes. | The aim of this investigation was to study L-type and T-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL) and I(CaT)) in short-term cultured adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The isolated myocytes were suspended in serum-supplemented medium up to 5 days. Using whole-cell patch clamp techniques ICaL and ICaT were studied by applying vol... |
2,321,117 | Simulation of QRST integral maps with a membrane-based computer heart model employing parallel processing.<Pagination><StartPage>1319</StartPage><EndPage>1329</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1319-29</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The simulation of the propagation of electrical activity in a membrane-based realis... | The simulation of the propagation of electrical activity in a membrane-based realistic-geometry computer model of the ventricles of the human heart, using the governing monodomain reaction-diffusion equation, is described. Each model point is represented by the phase 1 Luo-Rudy membrane model, modified to represent hum... |
2,321,118 | Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: a report of five cases. | Five cases of intraventricular subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGCA) were retrospectively reviewed. Records and detailed work-up of all five cases were well maintained in view of rare occurrence of these tumors. The five patients were males aged 10, 12 (2 cases), 14 and 18 years. The 18-year-old aged male had no... |
2,321,119 | Childhood choroid plexus papillomas: operative complications. | Eight children (below 12 years of age) operated on for intraventricular choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) were retrospectively reviewed to identify the factors responsible for their high postoperative morbidity and mortality. Seven of these patients were aged between 2 months and 2 years and 1 was aged 12 years. Six CPP l... |
2,321,120 | Predictive potential of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in schizophrenics, alcoholics and persons with past head trauma. A post-mortem study. | The increased presence of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) was reported among people suffering from schizophrenia, alcoholism or it could be a remnant of an old head trauma. We have tried to compare not only prevalences, but also lengths, widths and depths of the obtained cava in an effort to emphasize the importance of lin... |
2,321,121 | Choroid plexus carcinomas in children: MRI features and patient outcomes. | Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are rare malignant intracranial neoplasms usually occurring in young children. The objectives of this study were to characterize the preoperative MRI features of CPC, determine the frequency of disseminated disease in the CNS at diagnosis, and assess patient outcomes. The preoperative cr... |
2,321,122 | [Optimization of microsurgical operation technique to insert auditory brainstem implants, taking into account the results of a morphometric study]. | The surgical placement of auditory brainstem implants to stimulate the cochlear nuclear region in patients with acquired bilateral retrocochlear deafness allows limited restitution of hearing. However, there have been few studies on the topographical relations in the target region, particularly the floor of the IVth ve... |
2,321,123 | Septopreoptic mu opioid receptor mediation of hindbrain glucoprivic inhibition of reproductive neuroendocrine function in the female rat. | Central glucostasis is a critical monitored variable in neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary LH secretion. Glucoprivic signals originating within the caudal hindbrain suppress LH. Septopreoptic mu opioid receptors (mu-R) function within neural pathways maintaining basal LH levels and mediate the effects of diverse ph... |
2,321,124 | Influence of extraneurological insults on ventricular enlargement and neuropsychological functioning after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. | Extraneurological insults secondary to TBI such as hypotension or hypoxia have been associated with mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of systemic complications on both neuropsychological outcome and cerebral atrophy. Fifty-seven patients selected from 122 consecutive ad... |
2,321,125 | [The presence of intraventricular fat in a case of dermoid cyst]. | A 21-year-old man presented an 11-year history of generalized and temporal lobe epilepsy. In 1993 he was diagnosed by the MRI scan to have intracranial expansive lesion and underwent a subtotal removal of an epidermoid cyst. Two years later a follow-up MRI scan showed the presence of fat in the anterior horns of the la... |
2,321,126 | 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in anuran amphibians: a new model system for Parkinson's disease? | We investigated the effects of dopamine depletion on acoustically guided behavior of anurans by conducting phonotaxis experiments with female gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) before and 90 min after bilateral injections of 3, 6, or 12 microg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the telencephalic ventricles. In experiments w... |
2,321,127 | Anterior transcallosal approach to the colloid cysts of the third ventricle: case series and review of the literature. | To evaluate the results of the anterior transcallosal approach to the colloid cysts of the third ventricle.</AbstractText>A retrospective analysis of the patients operated on between 1986 and 2003 was carried out. There were 19 patients (10 female, 9 male) with a median age of 43. The main presenting symptom was headac... |
2,321,128 | Diagnosis and treatment of a cerebral infarct in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). | A 29-yr-old chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) presented after an acute onset of right facial and forearm paresis that progressed to paralysis within 24 hr, with subsequent development of right leg paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed an abnormal region of increased signal intensity in the left fron... |
2,321,129 | A case of ring chromosome 22 with deletion of the 22q13.3 region associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum, fornix and septum pellucidum. | We report a 16-week-gestation foetus obtained by voluntary abortion after prenatal diagnosis, in which a ring chromosome 22 was observed with deletion of the 22q13.3 region. A prenatal study of the amniotic fluid by standard chromosome technique with G bands and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) was performed. ... |
2,321,130 | TRAF6-dependent NF-kB transcriptional activity during mouse development. | Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) transcriptional activity is induced by numerous stimuli. To identify tissues exhibiting NF-kB transcriptional activity during development, we analyzed transgenic reporter mice that express beta-galactosidase from an NF-kB-responsive element. We report that NF-kB activation is widespread a... |
2,321,131 | Molecular diversity of cardiac endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. | In addition to a number of common features, cardiovascular endothelium displays structural, functional, and genetic differences according to its position in the cardiovascular tree. In the heart, endocardial and cardiac microvascular endothelia (CMVE) interact directly with surrounding cardiomyocytes, whereas the endot... |
2,321,132 | Sonographic discrimination of corticobasal degeneration vs progressive supranuclear palsy. | To study the use of brain parenchyma sonography (BPS) in discriminating between patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).</AbstractText>Thirteen patients with PSP and eight with CBD were studied with BPS according to a standardized protocol.</AbstractText>Seven (88%) of the... |
2,321,133 | Ciliary neurotrophic factor upregulates ubiquitin-proteasome components in a rat model of neuronal injury. | Neuronal injury triggers the release of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), promoting local neuronal repair but producing systemic effects of anorexia and lean body weight loss. Due to the rapid rate of systemic protein loss stimulated by CNTF, we hypothesized involvement of the hepatic ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic... |
2,321,134 | Hippocampal damage in mouse and human forms of systemic autoimmune disease. | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently accompanied by neuropsychiatric (NP) and cognitive deficits of unknown etiology. By using autoimmune MRL-lpr mice as an animal model of NP-SLE, we examine the relationship between autoimmunity, hippocampal damage, and behavioral dysfunction. Fluoro Jade B (FJB) staining ... |
2,321,135 | Ventricular myocardial thicknesses in anencephalic fetuses. | The heart of an anencephalic baby can be used as a donor after death. There exists insufficient information in literature, however, for the possible morphological differences in anencephalic hearts. This study compares ventricular myocardial thicknesses of anencephalic fetuses with normal fetuses in the same gestationa... |
2,321,136 | Morphometric evaluation of the cardiac ventricular capacity of anencephalic fetuses. | Anencephaly occurs in 1:1,000 to 1:20,000 infants who are potential donors in pediatric heart transplantation, so it is important to define any morphologic differences between the anencephalic and normal heart in newborns. The dimensions of the heart in anencephalics, however, may differ. For example, the absence of ce... |
2,321,137 | [Coenaesthesia after infection with Varicella zoster virus. The psychodynamic meaning of suffering a children's disease at adult age]. | The case report is presented of a 33-year-old male who developed coenaesthesia after suffering from chickenpox. While central nervous involvement of the herpes zoster virus infection was not found, suffering a children's disease at an adult age proved an important psychodynamic factor for release of the coenaesthetic s... |
2,321,138 | Effect of inhibiting melatonin biosynthesis on spatial memory retention and tau phosphorylation in rat. | We have found recently that melatonin protects SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from calyculin A-induced neurofilament impairment and neurotoxicity. In the present study, we further investigated the in vivo effect of inhibiting melatonin biosynthesis on spatial memory retention and tau phosphorylation in rats and the potent... |
2,321,139 | Brain transplantation of genetically modified bone marrow stromal cells corrects CNS pathology and cognitive function in MPS VII mice. | Current therapies for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplantation are effective for visceral organ pathology of LSD, but their effectiveness for brain involvement in LSDs is still a subject of controversy. As an alternative approach, we transplanted genetically modified... |
2,321,140 | Karyotyping of fetuses with isolated choroid plexus cysts is not justified in an unselected population. | The main objective of this study was to determine whether isolated choroid plexus cysts are a risk factor for trisomy 18.</AbstractText>A total of 12,672 unselected patients were examined, and the outcome of fetuses with choroid plexus cysts was assessed. The cases with choroid plexus cysts were selected from the 12,67... |
2,321,141 | Expression of amyloid precursor protein-like molecule in astroglial cells of the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the adult rat forebrain. | In adult mammals, new neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle (LV) migrate tangentially through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they mature into local interneurons. Using a monoclonal antibody for the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) (mAb 22C11), which ... |
2,321,142 | Targeted inactivation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel gene prevents ischemic preconditioning in isolated mouse heart. | Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels may be involved in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). In this study, we tested whether the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels, which are expressed in the heart and activated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C, are important for... |
2,321,143 | A synthetic 15-mer peptide (PCK3145) derived from prostate secretory protein can reduce tumor growth, experimental skeletal metastases, and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. | In previous studies, we have shown that prostate secretory protein (PSP-94) can reduce prostate cancer growth in vivo. In the current study, we identified the amino acid sequence of PSP-94 that is required for eliciting this response. For these studies, we used rat prostate cancer Mat Ly Lu cells overexpressing parathy... |
2,321,144 | Corpus callosum size and very preterm birth: relationship to neuropsychological outcome. | Thinning of the corpus callosum (CC) is often observed in individuals who were born very preterm. Damage to the CC during neurodevelopment may be associated with poor neuropsychological performance. This study aimed to explore any evidence of CC pathology in adolescents aged 14-15 years who were born very preterm, and ... |
2,321,145 | Expression of connexin 26 in the ganglionic eminence of preterm infants after bleedings. | The ganglionic eminence being a prominent part of the telencephalic proliferative zone is the most common site of bleedings in preterm infants. This immunohistochemical study demonstrates that connexin 26 involved in forming intercellular gap junctions is expressed in ganglionic eminence cells up to 500 microm from the... |
2,321,146 | Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with cranial and spinal metastases in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Case report. | This 17-year-old male patient with tuberous sclerosis developed increased headaches and lethargy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed increased ventricle size and increased size of a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma at the foramen of Monro, as well as spinal cord metastases of giant cell tumors. Decompr... |
2,321,147 | Intracranial midline dermoid and epidermoid cysts in children. | Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are rare space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system. Although characterized by a slow growth rate, they are often associated with serious complications. Surgery is the only effective treatment, and radical resection of the entire cyst, whenever possible, generally succeeds in ach... |
2,321,148 | Pathophysiological changes in cerebrovascular distensibility in patients undergoing chronic shunt therapy. | Patients undergoing long-term shunt therapy following shunt malfunction often present with acute neurological deterioration, high intracranial pressure (ICP), and yet small or slit ventricles. It is believed that low brain compliance prevents ventricle enlargement in such cases. To elucidate the underlying pathophysiol... |
2,321,149 | Neuroendoscopic findings in patients with intracranial germinomas correlating with diabetes insipidus. | Intracranial germinomas commonly occur in the pineal region, the floor of the third ventricle (hypothalamus), or both, and they are often associated with diabetes insipidus (DI). The authors conducted a study to correlate preoperative DI with the endoscopic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evidence of tumor on the t... |
2,321,150 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children younger than 1 year of age. | The authors analyzed data obtained in 36 patients younger than 1 year of age who were treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for obstructive hydrocephalus at their institution.</AbstractText>There were 17 boys and 19 girls who ranged in age from 3 days to 11 months (mean 4.7 months). The causes of the hydr... |
2,321,151 | Time-dependent mitochondrial-mediated programmed neuronal cell death prolongs survival in sepsis. | To investigate whether apoptosis is a possible mechanism of brain dysfunction occurring in septic syndrome.</AbstractText>Experimental prospective study.</AbstractText>Laboratory of Surgical Research at the University of Athens.</AbstractText>Male pathogen-free Wistar rats.</AbstractText>Rats (n = 112) were subjected t... |
2,321,152 | Brain volumes in adult survivors of very low birth weight: a sibling-controlled study. | To establish whether adults who were born very low birth weight (VLBW) show altered volumes of certain brain structures.</AbstractText>Unmatched case-control study was conducted of 33 individuals from a cohort of VLBW (<1500 g) infants who were born between 1966 and 1977 and 18 of their normal birth weight siblings.... |
2,321,153 | Effect of anti-inflammatory agents on transforming growth factor beta over-expressing mouse brains: a model revised. | BACKGROUND: The over-expression of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-beta1) has been reported to cause hydrocephalus, glia activation, and vascular amyloidbeta (Abeta) deposition in mouse brains. Since these phenomena partially mimic the cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) concomitant to Alzheimer's disease, the find... |
2,321,154 | Chronic brain inflammation leads to a decline in hippocampal NMDA-R1 receptors. | BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and may be responsible for degeneration in vulnerable regions such as the hippocampus. Neuroinflammation is associated with elevated levels of extracellular glutamate and potentially an enhanced stimulation of glutamate N-met... |
2,321,155 | CSF outflow resistance as predictor of shunt function. A long-term study. | Little is known about the long-term impact of a CSF shunt on the human CSF hydrodynamic system. In patients with communicating hydrocephalus, patency of the shunt system is not regularly assessed. In order to reveal postoperative changes in the CSF hydrodynamic system, we prospectively investigated the features of the ... |
2,321,156 | Genomic characterization of a slow/low maedi visna virus. | The complete genomic sequence of a sheep lentivirus isolate that presents a slow/low phenotype in vitro has been determined. The virus, designated P1OLV, was isolated from lung cells of a naturally infected sheep in Portugal. Three overlapping DNA fragments amplified by PCR, and encompassing the entire viral genome wer... |
2,321,157 | Intracerebral transplantation of porcine choroid plexus provides structural and functional neuroprotection in a rodent model of stroke. | Choroid plexus (CP) secretes a cocktail of neurotrophic factors. In the present study, CP from neonatal pigs was encapsulated within alginate microcapsules for in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective studies.</AbstractText>In vitro studies involved serum deprivation of rat embryonic cortical neurons and treatment with a r... |
2,321,158 | Feasibility of cardiac microimpedance measurement using multisite interstitial stimulation. | This study was designed to test the hypothesis that analyses of central interstitial potential differences recorded during multisite stimulation with a set of interstitial electrodes provide sufficient data for accurate measurement of cardiac microimpedances. On theoretical grounds, interstitial current injected and re... |
2,321,159 | Metabolite and diffusion changes in the rat brain after Leksell Gamma Knife irradiation. | Our study describes the time course of necrotic damage to the rat brain resulting from Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) irradiation at a dose that was previously considered to be subnecrotic. A lesion induced in the rat hippocampus by 35 Gy irradiation was monitored by MRI, MRS, and DW-MRI for 16 months. T2-weighted images re... |
2,321,160 | Inhibition of aconitase in astrocytes increases the sensitivity to chemical convulsants. | Although there is evidence that astrocytes support neuronal function, the contribution of astrocytes to seizure onset and termination is not known. To determine whether there are changes in seizure susceptibility or neuronal damage when the ability of astrocytes to generate ATP is reduced, 0.5 nmol of fluorocitrate (FC... |
2,321,161 | Multiple structural brain measures obtained by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between schizophrenia patients and normal subjects. | This study was designed to investigate the extent to which schizophrenia patients can be differentiated from normal subjects by structural brain measures. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 57 schizophrenia patients (30 males, 27 females) and 47 normal controls (25 males, 22 females). Si... |
2,321,162 | A retrospective study of 286 cases of neurological disorders of the cat. | Archive central nervous tissue from 286 cats with neurological disorders was reviewed for histological evidence of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE), which may have occurred before it was first recognized in 1990. The following six categories of disease were identified: congenital; degenerative; inflammatory; neop... |
2,321,163 | Short-term distribution of nicotine in the rat lung. | Nicotine is a dibasic amine with a pK(a) of 8.0. At physiological pH roughly 1/4 of the compound is nonionized and able to cross membranes, most notably the alveolar membranes of the lung. Many models of nicotine addiction assume that the time it takes nicotine to pass from inspired air to the blood stream is negligibl... |
2,321,164 | Phenylephrine and endothelin-1 upregulate connective tissue growth factor in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. | Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes and increased fibrosis. Much is known of the stimuli which promote myocyte hypertrophy and the changes associated with the response, but the links between the two are largely unknown. Using subtractive hybridization, we identified three gene... |
2,321,165 | Mapping hippocampal and ventricular change in Alzheimer disease. | We developed an anatomical mapping technique to detect hippocampal and ventricular changes in Alzheimer disease (AD). The resulting maps are sensitive to longitudinal changes in brain structure as the disease progresses. An anatomical surface modeling approach was combined with surface-based statistics to visualize the... |
2,321,166 | Sex-specific, postpuberty changes in mouse brain structures revealed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy. | Sexual dimorphism of brain structures has been reported in some species. We report that sex-dependent developmental structure changes exist in the C57Bl/6(J) mouse, a common model for the genetic analysis of brain function. High resolution, three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) images were obtained... |
2,321,167 | Gi2 signaling enhances proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the developing brain. | Our previous study showed that the pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, Gi2, is selectively localized in the ventricular zone of embryonic brains, where the neuroepithelial cells undergo active proliferation. In order to clarify the role of Gi2 in this site, we first administered pertussis toxin by an exo-utero manipul... |
2,321,168 | Orexin-A does not stimulate food intake in old rats. | Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in appetite and food intake. Both A and B orexins, expressed in specific neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area, have been implicated in the regulation of sleep and feeding. In this study, the stimulatory effect of intracerebroventricular administration of the orexins o... |
2,321,169 | Endoscopic aqueductoplasty and interventriculostomy for the treatment of isolated fourth ventricle in children. | There are different approaches for the treatment of isolated fourth ventricle in children, including a suboccipital ventriculoperitoneal shunt, suboccipital craniotomy with microsurgical fenestration, and endoscopic fenestration. We discuss the indications, surgical methods, and outcome of 18 patients who underwent end... |
2,321,170 | Diagnosis and management of pineocytomas. | Pineocytomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis of all pineal tumors. However, a subset of pineocytomas may have a predilection for recurrence and therefore behave aggressively.</AbstractText>Records of nine patients (five men, four women; mean age, 44 yr; range, 24-63 yr) with histologically diagnosed pi... |
2,321,171 | Oestradiol restores cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of streptozotocin-diabetic mice. | Type 1 diabetes mellitus correlates with several brain disturbances, including hypersensitivity to stress, cognitive impairment, increased risk of stroke and dementia. Within the central nervous system, the hippocampus is considered a special target for alterations associated with diabetes. Neurogenesis is a plastic ev... |
2,321,172 | Cooled intramural needle catheter ablation creates deeper lesions than irrigated tip catheter ablation. | Endocardial radiofrequency ablation of the left ventricle does not create transmural lesions reliably even with active electrode cooling. The authors developed a prototype catheter with an internally cooled needle electrode that could be advanced an adjustable distance into the myocardium. Freshly excised hearts from e... |
2,321,173 | Subventricular zone-derived neuronal progenitors migrate into the subcortical forebrain of postnatal mice. | The presence of a germinal layer and the capacity to generate neurons, once thought restricted to the embryonic brain, persists in the forebrain of both postnatal and adult mammals. The two regions in which this phenomenon has been extensively demonstrated are the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the lateral ventricle sub... |
2,321,174 | Morphogenesis and regionalization of the medaka embryonic brain. | We examined the morphogenesis and regionalization of the embryonic brain of an acanthopterygian teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes), by in situ hybridization using 14 gene probes. We compared our results with previous studies in other vertebrates, particularly zebrafish, an ostariophysan teleost. During the early develop... |
2,321,175 | Dysfunction of axonemal dynein heavy chain Mdnah5 inhibits ependymal flow and reveals a novel mechanism for hydrocephalus formation. | Motility of unicellular organisms occurred early in evolution with the emergence of cilia and flagella. In vertebrates, motile cilia are required for numerous functions such as clearance of the airways and determination of left-right body asymmetry. Ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles also carry motile cilia, b... |
2,321,176 | Caspase inhibition prevents the increase in caspase-3, -2, -8 and -9 activity and apoptosis in the cold ischemic mouse kidney. | Prolonged cold ischemic time is a risk factor for the development of delayed graft function. The adverse impact of cold ischemia may be associated with tubular cell death in the kidney. Caspase-3 is a major mediator of apoptotic cell death. We hypothesized that caspase inhibition would reduce apoptosis and other featur... |
2,321,177 | The choroid plexus: function, pathology and therapeutic potential of its transplantation. | The choroid plexus (CP) produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forms the blood-CSF barrier. However, the CP may have additional functions in the CNS beyond these traditional roles. Preclinical and clinical studies in ageing and neurodegeneration demonstrate anatomical and physiological changes in CP, suggesting roles i... |
2,321,178 | Antisense Noggin oligodeoxynucleotide administration decreases cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. | The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of few regions in the adult mammalian brain characterized by ongoing neurogenesis. It has been demonstrated that Noggin antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) to create a niche for subventricular zone neurogenesis. We previously demonstrated that Noggin and BMP4 show... |
2,321,179 | Clinical features of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum: report of 5 Chinese cases. | Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders of the motor system, characterized by slowly progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower extremities. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical features of hereditary spastic paraplegia with ... |
2,321,180 | Fetal liver as a source of autologous progenitor cells for perinatal tissue engineering. | Mesenchymal progenitor cells, isolated from adult bone marrow, have been shown to have utility for autologous tissue engineering. The possibility of isolating from the fetal hematopoietic system a cell population with similar potential, which could be used for autologous reconstruction of prenatally diagnosed congenita... |
2,321,181 | Expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in Huntington's disease caudate nucleus. | The accumulation of amyloid-beta and increased expression of its receptor RAGE (the receptor for advanced glycation end products) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we have used immunohistochemistry and double labelling to localize RAGE expression in Huntington's disease (HD) cau... |
2,321,182 | Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging in subtypes of multiple system atrophy. | Some abnormal findings in routine MRI have been proposed as helpful discriminators for distinguishing multiple system atrophy (MSA) from Parkinson's disease (PD). However, what the most distinguishing MRI findings for MSA-p (parkinsonism dominant) or MSA-c (cerebellar dominant) are separately has not been systematicall... |
2,321,183 | Preliminary study of shunt related death in paediatric patients. | Hydrocephalus is a condition commonly encountered in paediatric and adult neurosurgery and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting remains the treatment of choice for many cases. Despite improvements in shunt technology and technique, morbidity and mortality remain. The incidence of early shunt obstruction is high with late... |
2,321,184 | Transmural distribution of iron in the hypoxic and reoxygenated rabbit left ventricular myocardium. | Transmural distribution of low molecular weight iron (LMWI), total iron, and protein carbonyls (PC) was investigated in the perfused rabbit heart under aerobic conditions, and after 60 min hypoxia followed or not by 3 min reoxygenation. In the aerobic perfused hearts, LMWI, total iron and PC did not show significant tr... |
2,321,185 | Marked increase of beta-amyloid(1-42) and amyloid precursor protein in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury. | Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in widespread damage to axons, termed diffuse axonal injury. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by synaptic and axonal degeneration together with senile plaques (SP). SP are mainly composed of aggregated beta-amyloid (Abeta), which are peptides derived from the amyl... |
2,321,186 | Features of the Sinushunt and its influence on the cerebrospinal fluid system. | A new cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt system, Sinushunt, has recently been introduced. CSF is shunted from the ventricles to the transverse sinus. The Sinushunt is not a classical differential pressure shunt; instead, it opens as soon as there is a positive pressure over the shunt and the flow is dependent on the resis... |
2,321,187 | A simplified endoscopic third ventriculostomy under local anesthesia. | The aim of this study is the analysis of our experience with awake endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETVS) in hydrocephalic patients. From September 1994 to December 2001, 24 neuroendoscopic procedures were performed under local anesthesia. Local infiltration was administered using a bupivacaine and lidocaine mixture. ... |
2,321,188 | Trapped fourth ventricle treated with shunt placement in the fourth ventricle by direct visualization with flexible neuroendoscope. | Shunt placement was the most common procedure used for ventricular dilatation, but in many neurosurgical centers it has been substituted by flexible neuroendoscope; however, none of them had solved the problem of the trapped and dilated fourth ventricle. The combination of the ventricle-peritoneal catheter placement in... |
2,321,189 | Management strategies for treatment of the trapped fourth ventricle. | An isolated or trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) is an occasional, serious sequela of hemorrhagic, infectious, or inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system. The TFV usually occurs after successful shunting of the lateral ventricles. It may be heralded by delayed clinical deterioration after an initial period o... |
2,321,190 | Dynamic zinc pools in mouse choroid plexus. | We examined the presence of Zn-transporters (ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4, and ZnT6) proteins and zinc ions in rat choroid epithelium with immunohistochemistry and zinc selenide autometallography (ZnSe(AMG)). The four ZnT proteins were all expressed in the choroid epithelial cells. ZnT3 immunostaining was found in vesicle membrane... |
2,321,191 | Effect of Agouti-related protein in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the melanocortin 4 receptor knockout mouse. | Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is thought to be one of the neuropeptides mediating the effects of leptin on appetite and satiety. The central administration of AGRP not only stimulates food intake, but also inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) axis, closely replicating the central hypothyroid state ind... |
2,321,192 | Localization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 3 (oatp3) in mouse brain parenchymal and capillary endothelial cells. | Organic anion transporting polypeptide 3 (oatp3) transports various CNS-acting endogenous compounds, including thyroid hormones and prostaglandin E2, between extra- and intracellular spaces, suggesting a possible role in CNS function. The purpose of this study was to clarify the expression and localization of oatp3 in ... |
2,321,193 | Pulsed holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser-induced liquid jet as a novel dissection device in neuroendoscopic surgery. | A pressure-driven continuous jet of water has been reported to be a feasible tool for neuroendoscopic dissection owing to its superiority at selective tissue dissection in the absence of thermal effects. With respect to a safe, accurate dissection, however, continuous water flow may not be suitable for intraventricular... |
2,321,194 | Life span extension and reduced neuronal death after weekly intraventricular cyclosporin injections in the G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | The authors investigated whether cyclosporin A (CsA), a cyclophilin ligand with mitochondrial permeability transition pore-blocking and calcineurin-inhibiting properties, affects motor function, neuronal death, and life span in the G93A transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS).</AbstractT... |
2,321,195 | Regional ependymal upregulation of vimentin in Chiari II malformation, aqueductal stenosis, and hydromyelia. | Vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100beta protein were studied by immunocytochemistry in the ependyma of patients with Chiari II malformations, congenital aqueductal stenosis, and hydromyelia. Paraffin sections of brains and spinal cords of 16 patients were examined, 14 with Chiari II malformations... |
2,321,196 | Intraventricular craniopharyngiomas: topographical classification and surgical approach selection based on an extensive overview. | This retrospective study analyzes the clinical, neuroradiological, pathological and surgical characteristics of well-described intraventricular craniopharyngiomas with the aims of: (i) critically to review the criteria used to affirm the diagnosis of an intraventricular location (ii) defining more accurately this topog... |
2,321,197 | Structurally altered basement membranes and hydrocephalus in a type XVIII collagen deficient mouse line. | Type XVIII collagen/endostatin is known to be crucial for the eye, as witnessed by severe eye defects in Knobloch syndrome patients with mutations in this collagen and in Col18a1(-/-) mice. We show here that in a specific C57BL background, 20% of the Col18a1(-/-) mice developed hydrocephalus, and dilation of the brain ... |
2,321,198 | Neuroendoscopic basket dilation technique for the fenestration of the ventricular wall or intracranial cysts--technical note. | A basket dilation technique has been developed for fenestration of ventricular or cystic walls, using a basket type widely used in the urological field to collect renal or ureteric stones. This technique allows deep-seated structures to be visualized directly through the expanded basket during dilation and the thinnest... |
2,321,199 | Rapid regrowth of intracranial clear cell meningioma after craniotomy and gamma knife radiosurgery--case report. | A 24-year-old woman underwent craniotomy for falx meningioma (5 cm in diameter) on October 24, 1995. The deepest part of the tumor was located in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, which was not resected. The histology was clear cell meningioma (CCM), aggressive in nature. The MIB-1 labeling index was high (11... |
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