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2,321,200 | Morphometry of the anterior third ventricle region as a guide for the transcallosal-interforniceal approach. | The transcallosal-interforniceal approach is the most appropriate approach to localize and totally remove space-occupying lesions around the anterior third ventricle region such as craniopharyngiomas and gliomas. This study examined the microsurgical anatomy of the normal anterior third ventricle region in 81 adult cad... |
2,321,201 | Three-dimensional myocardial strain reconstruction from tagged MRI using a cylindrical B-spline model. | In this paper, we present a new method for reconstructing three-dimensional (3-D) left ventricular myocardial strain from tagged magnetic resonance (MR) image data with a 3-D B-spline deformation model. The B-spline model is based on a cylindrical coordinate system that more closely fits the morphology of the myocardiu... |
2,321,202 | [Effect of heart benefiting recipe in controlling IL-1beta, IL-6 and APPmRNA expression in brain of beta-amyloid protein induced rat model of dementia]. | To investigate the neuro-immune regulatory mechanism of Heart Benefiting recipe (HBR), an effective recipe for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</AbstractText>Using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods, the neuro-immunological pathological changes in the AD rat model induced by beta-amyloid protein (A beta1-40) ... |
2,321,203 | Germline and mosaic mutations of FLN1 in men with periventricular heterotopia. | To describe the phenotypic spectrum and genetics of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) caused by FLN1 mutations in four men.</AbstractText>X-linked PNH caused by FLN1 mutations (MIM #300049) implies prenatal or early postnatal lethality in boys and 50% recurrence risk in daughters of affected women.</AbstractTex... |
2,321,204 | Alterations in the central vasopressin and oxytocin axis after lesion of a brain osmotic sensory region. | The anteroventral region of the third ventricle (AV3V) is critical in mediating osmotic sensitivity. AV3V lesions increase plasma osmolality and block osmotic-induced vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) secretion. The aim was to evaluate the effects of AV3V lesions on neurosecretion under control/water replete condition... |
2,321,205 | First-trimester sonographic diagnosis of holoprosencephaly: value of the "butterfly" sign. | To study the value of choroid plexus dysmorphology as a screening tool for the first-trimester sonographic diagnosis of holoprosencephaly in a high-risk population.</AbstractText>A total of 378 consecutive pregnancies undergoing chorionic villus sampling between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation were scanned before the proced... |
2,321,206 | Endoscopic aqueductoplasty in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis. | Endoscopic aqueductoplasty is an option in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenoses. We report on our experience with this endoscopic technique, focussing on indications, operative technique, and results.</AbstractText>A series of 39 endoscopic aqueductoplasties was performed in 33 patie... |
2,321,207 | Action potential duration determines sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ reloading in mammalian ventricular myocytes. | After sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ depletion in intact ventricular myocytes, electrical activity promotes SR Ca2+ reloading and recovery of twitch amplitude. In ferret, recovery of twitch and caffeine-induced contracture required fewer twitches than in rabbit or rat. In rat, there was no difference in action potent... |
2,321,208 | Left ventricular morphology and function in female athletes: a meta-analysis. | The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of physical training upon cardiac structure and function, and identify physiologic upper limits in female athletes. Meta-analytical techniques were applied to 13 published echocardiographic studies examining cardiac structure and function in female athletes. Th... |
2,321,209 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is required for the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and for hippocampal growth in mouse. | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) is expressed at high levels by progenitor cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) within the hippocampal primordium. To investigate the role of Fgfr1 in these cells, in vivo Cre recombination of "floxed" Fgfr1 alleles was directed to cells of the radial glial lineage by using the ... |
2,321,210 | Primary intracranial myxopapillary ependymomas: report of two cases and review of the literature. | Myxopapillary ependymoma is a variant of ependymoma occurring almost exclusively in the conus medullaris or filum terminale. Myxopapillary ependymoma found primarily in the brain is extremely rare. Two such cases appearing at the 4th ventricle and cerebral falx are reported. The imaging features of such tumors are a pr... |
2,321,211 | Metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the supramaxillary gingiva and right ventricle. | We describe a rare double metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the supramaxillary gingiva and papillary muscle of the right ventricle. The patient was a 72-year-old woman who underwent three sessions of transcatheter arterial embolization for the primary lesions. Control of bleeding from the supramaxillary gingiva... |
2,321,212 | [Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: risk factors for failure and evolution of ventricular size]. | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the treatment of choice for non communicating hydrocephalus at our institution. Several factors have been associated with failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The goals of the study have been to evaluate the outcome, the influence of factors theoretically prone to failure of ... |
2,321,213 | Dynamics of Cux2 expression suggests that an early pool of SVZ precursors is fated to become upper cortical layer neurons. | Projection neurons destined for the cortical plate are generated sequentially from the proliferative ventricular and subventricular zones (VZ/SVZ) of the pallium. However, the respective contribution of both proliferative zones to the generation of cortical plate neurons is better established in humans and non-human pr... |
2,321,214 | Changes of gut flora and endotoxin in rats with D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure. | To investigate the changes of gut microflora and endotoxin levels in rats with acute liver failure (ALF) induced by D-galactosamine (GalN).</AbstractText>Flora and endotoxin levels in the jejunum, ileum and colon in normal rats (group A) and rats with GalN -induced ALF were determined at 24 h (group B) or 48 h (group C... |
2,321,215 | Quantification of the curvature and shape of the interventricular septum. | The interventricular septum (IVS) occupies a unique position within the heart, lying between the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular cavities. Changes in its normal geometry may signify not only abnormalities of the septal myocardium, but also abnormal pressure differences between the LV and RV. Flattening of the IVS ... |
2,321,216 | Early development of the pituitary gland in Acipenser naccarii (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes): an immunocytochemical study. | The distribution and appearance of secretory cells in the pituitary gland were investigated for the first time in a chondrostean species, Acipenser naccarii, from embryos to juveniles, by immunohistochemistry with mammalian and teleost hormone antisera. On 5.5 day post-fertilization (2.5 days pre-hatching), the pituita... |
2,321,217 | Angular analysis of corpus callosum in 18 patients with frontonasal dysplasia. | Considering the rarity of the frontonasal dysplasia (FD) and the few reports about it in a large casuistry using magnetic resonance image (MRI), we describe the results of the angular analysis of the corpus callosum of 18 individuals with FD (7 male, 11 female), using an easily-reproductive method. Group I had 12 indiv... |
2,321,218 | Simplified surgical placement and stabilization methods for intracerebroventricular cannulas in rat lateral ventricles. | Intracerebroventricular cannulation in rat models is an efficient tool for exploring the effects of substances directly injected into the CNS, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Techniques for surgically securing the ICV cannula require a balance between ease of application and adequate stability. The authors tested se... |
2,321,219 | A study of moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx and an examination of non-neoplastic larynx tissue for neuroendocrine cells. | <AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To determine the most appropriate terminology for neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the larynx, successive clinicopathologic studies are encouraged. The typical location and immunophenotype of laryngeal NEC raise a question of whether any precursor ce... |
2,321,220 | CSF flow quantification of the cerebral aqueduct in normal volunteers using phase contrast cine MR imaging. | To evaluate whether the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow quantification differ according to the anatomical location of the cerebral aqueduct that is used and the background baseline region that is selected.</AbstractText>The CSF hydrodynamics of eleven healthy volunteers (mean age = 29.6 years) were investigat... |
2,321,221 | Dopaminergic nigrostriatal projections regulate neural precursor proliferation in the adult mouse subventricular zone. | An understanding of the regulators of neurogenesis in the normal and diseased brain is necessary in order to recruit endogenously produced neural precursors for cell replacement in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The location of dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to the neostriatum and ... |
2,321,222 | [A case of transient left ventricular ballooning ("Takotsubo"-shaped cardiomyopathy) developed during plasmapheresis for treatment of myasthenic crisis]. | An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of respiratory distress. She developed blepharoptosis and dysphagia two months previously. On admission, blood pressure was 150/84 mmHg. There were bilateral blepharoptosis and bulbar palsy. Tendon reflexes were brisk, but pathological reflexes were absent. ... |
2,321,223 | Cardiac adaptations following exercise training in hemodialysis patients. | Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis (HD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is due, mainly, to a higher prevalence of established arteriosclerotic risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, as well as to unique CRF-related risk fa... |
2,321,224 | [Disturbances of cerebral perfusion in patients with bacterial meningoencephalitis]. | The investigations were done in acute and reconvalescent phase in 34 patients with bacterial meningoencephalitis. Neurologic condition, degree of the brain injury on the basis of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), protein level and pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and regional cerebral blood flow on dynamic computed to... |
2,321,225 | An evaluation of the size of the fourth ventricle in human foetuses. | The aim of the study was metric analysis of the fourth ventricle in human foetuses. The study was performed on 117 foetuses aged 4-7 months. The area and four dimensions of the fourth ventricle were obtained and the results analysed statistically. The features of the fourth ventricle studied correlate with foetal age t... |
2,321,226 | Prenatal diagnosis of dilated cavum septum pellucidum et vergae. | The cavum septum pellucidum is a fluid-filled cavity located between the membranes of the septi pellucidi, which should always be visualized sonographically in normal fetuses between 18 and 37 weeks gestation and in approximately 50% of term infants. The cavum vergae, a cavity within the septum pellucidum, is located p... |
2,321,227 | Electron microscopic study of left ventricular cardiomyocyte mitochondriom in rats subjected to head-down tilt. | The mitochondriom of left-ventricular cardiomyocytes in rats subjected to head-down tilt was studied at the electron microscopic level. The ultrastructure of individual mitochondria was disturbed and the number of intermitochondrial contacts in the perinuclear zone increased after 30-day head-down tilt. These parameter... |
2,321,228 | CNS grafts of rat choroid plexus protect against cerebral ischemia in adult rats. | The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of choroid plexus isolated from adult rats and encapsulated within alginate microcapsules. In vitro, conditioned media from cultured choroid plexus produced a marked, dose-dependent protection of embryonic cortical neurons against serum deprivation-induced cell dea... |
2,321,229 | Unusual case report: three cases of psychiatric manifestations of neurosyphilis. | Along with the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) came a worldwide resurgence of syphilis. The later stages of syphilis, especially neurosyphilis, may present with symptoms of virtually any psychiatric disorder. The authors present three cases of neurosyphilis diagnosed at the Center for Psychiatric Medic... |
2,321,230 | Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide anorexia by antagonism of caudal brain stem but not forebrain GLP-1-R. | The central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system has been implicated in the control of feeding behavior. Here we explore GLP-1 mediation of the anorexic response to administration of systemic LPS and address the relative importance of caudal brain stem and forebrain GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1-R) for the mediation of the r... |
2,321,231 | Diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis by magnetic resonance imaging: improved detection with three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled echo sequences. | Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is caused when the cysticercus larvae of Taenia solium infect the central nervous system. The larvae usually land in the parenchymal tissue, but quite rarely can lodge in the ventricles and cisterns of the brain. Unlike parenchymal NCC, it is not easy to demonstrate the cysticercus cysts within... |
2,321,232 | Mitochondrial damage revealed by morphometric and semiquantitative analysis of mouse pup cardiomyocytes following in utero and postnatal exposure to zidovudine and lamivudine. | Zidovudine (ZDV), an antiretroviral drug used alone or in combination with other antiretroviral agents to treat HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborn infants, effectively reduces mother-to-child transmission of the virus. That myopathy and cardiomyopathy, related to mitochondrial damage, develop in some adults ... |
2,321,233 | Structural abnormalities in the brains of human subjects who use methamphetamine. | We visualize, for the first time, the profile of structural deficits in the human brain associated with chronic methamphetamine (MA) abuse. Studies of human subjects who have used MA chronically have revealed deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and cerebral metabolic abnormalities. Using magnetic resonanc... |
2,321,234 | Gene expression changes in the course of neural progenitor cell differentiation. | The molecular changes underlying neural progenitor differentiation are essentially unknown. We applied cDNA microarrays with 13,627 clones to measure dynamic gene expression changes during the in vitro differentiation of neural progenitor cells that were isolated from the subventricular zone of postnatal day 7 mice and... |
2,321,235 | Brain volumes, RBC status, and hepatic function in alcoholics after 1 and 4 weeks of sobriety: predictors of outcome. | The authors asked if hematological indices of RBC status and hepatic function in newly sober alcoholic men are related to abnormalities in brain morphology, change with normalization of brain function during short-term sobriety, and predict prolonged sobriety.</AbstractText>Alcoholic men received brain magnetic resonan... |
2,321,236 | Colloid cyst headache. | Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare intracranial tumors, accounting for 0.5% of intracranial tumors. Colloid cysts represent 2% of gliomas, are more common in men than women, and usually are diagnosed between the third and fifth decades of life. The primary presenting complaint of this disorder is headache. T... |
2,321,237 | Morphological pattern and frequency of intracranial tumours in children. | The objective of the present study was to observe the histopathological pattern of intracranial tumours and to provide a comprehensive data about its frequency in children less than 16 years and to correlate the site of lesion with the histological diagnosis.</AbstractText>A descriptive study.</AbstractText>The study w... |
2,321,238 | Correlating brain atrophy with cognitive dysfunction, mood disturbances, and personality disorder in multiple sclerosis. | Neuropsychological impairment is a common feature of multiple sclerosis. Affected patients often have deficits in information-processing speed and memory and exhibit psychopathological states such as depression. A minority of patients have rarer affect/mood disorders such as euphoria sclerotica and pathological laughte... |
2,321,239 | Fourth ventricular alloxan injection suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in female rats. | Previous studies have suggested the presence of a glucose-sensing mechanism in the hindbrain that appears to regulate reproductive function as well as feeding behavior. The ependymocytes lining the ventricular wall of the hindbrain showed immunoreactivities to pancreatic glucokinase (GK), a key enzyme for glucose sensi... |
2,321,240 | Kinetic analysis of cardiac transcriptome regulation during chronic high-fat diet in dogs. | In the present study, we investigated, using custom dog cDNA arrays, the time course of transcriptional changes in the left ventricle of dogs fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9-24 wk. Array hybridizations were performed with complex probes representing mRNAs expressed in left ventricles from obese hyperte... |
2,321,241 | Circadian and light-induced transcription of clock gene Per1 depends on histone acetylation and deacetylation. | Circadian clock genes are regulated through a transcriptional-translational feedback loop. Alterations of the chromatin structure by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are commonly implicated in the regulation of gene transcription. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation ... |
2,321,242 | Chronic subdural hematoma as a complication of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has become a popular alternative to ventricular shunts for noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Although endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a safe procedure, several complications related to this procedure have been reported in the literature. The authors present a rare case of symptomatic ... |
2,321,243 | Vitamin D3-implications for brain development. | There is growing evidence that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is active in the brain but until recently there was a lack of evidence about its role during brain development. Guided by certain features of the epidemiology of schizophrenia, our group has explored the role of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in brain develop... |
2,321,244 | Modulation of the response to estradiol-17beta of rat vascular tissues by a non calcemic vitamin D analog. | Estradiol-17beta (E(2)) increases creatine kinase (CK) specific activity in aorta (Ao) and left ventricle of the heart (Lv) from rat females. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of pretreatment with the non calcemic analog of vitamin D, JK 1624 F2-2 (JKF) on the response to E(2) (either 0.5 or 5 microg/rat) o... |
2,321,245 | An enhancer element at the Igf2/H19 locus drives gene expression in both imprinted and non-imprinted tissues. | The insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene encodes a potent growth factor that is expressed in multiple tissues during embryonic development. Expression at this locus is mediated by genomic imprinting. In the developing endodermal tissues, imprinting of Igf2 is mediated by the interaction of a set of enhancers downst... |
2,321,246 | Hyperglycemia induced by acute central fluoxetine administration: role of the central CRH system and 5-HT3 receptors. | Brain serotonin and CRH systems participate in the control of blood glucose levels. We have previously demonstrated that the pharmacological stimulation of central 5-HT3 receptors, the target for several therapeutic agents used as antiemetics in the course of chemotherapy, induces hyperglycemia. The aim of the present ... |
2,321,247 | The interhemispheric transcallosal-transversal approach to the lesions of the anterior and middle third ventricle: surgical validity and neuropsychological evaluation of the outcome. | Based on the observation of the course of callosal fibres and of their artero-venous support as appearing in a microanatomic study, the Authors propose a variant of standard callosotomy procedure by the introduction of the transverse section of callosal fibres. This technique would allow the surgeon to spare a larger n... |
2,321,248 | Molecular screening of SHH, ZIC2, SIX3, and TGIF genes in patients with features of holoprosencephaly spectrum: Mutation review and genotype-phenotype correlations. | Holoprosencephaly (HPE; 1 out of 16,000 live births; 1 out of 250 conceptuses) is a complex brain malformation resulting from incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon, affecting both the forebrain and the face. Clinical expressivity is variable, ranging from a single cerebral ventricle and cyclopia to clinically unaff... |
2,321,249 | Visna/maedi virus-induced apoptosis involves the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. | Visna/maedi virus (VMV) infection in sheep choroid plexus cells was associated with the appearance of apoptosis and the implication of a caspase-dependent mechanism. Sheep choroid plexus cells were mock-infected or infected with VMV to examine the time course of activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The rol... |
2,321,250 | Comparison of flow artifacts between 2D-FLAIR and 3D-FLAIR sequences at 3 T. | It has been reported that 3D-FLAIR can reduce the flow artifact resulting from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1.5 T compared to 2D-FLAIR. Flow-related artifacts tend to be worse at 3 T than at 1.5 T. The purpose of this study was to compare the CSF flow artifacts of 2D-FLAIR and 3D-FLAIR sequences at 3 T in eight healthy... |
2,321,251 | Endoscopic coagulation of choroid plexus as treatment for hydrocephalus: indication and surgical technique. | Choroid plexus surgery, which had been discarded as a treatment for hydrocephalus, was brought back into use with the development of modern neuroendoscopic technology. The object of this article is to describe the author's experience of the surgery with special emphasis on the surgical indication.</AbstractText>Three i... |
2,321,252 | Changes in ventricular volume in hydrocephalic children following successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | The objective was to investigate the changes in ventricular volume in hydrocephalic children following successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).</AbstractText>Using segmentation techniques, serial measurements of ventricular volume were performed using the MRI scans of 13 hydrocephalic children who had success... |
2,321,253 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus in posterior fossa tumors in children. | The purpose of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in children with hydrocephalus related to posterior fossa tumors.</AbstractText>Between September 1999 and December 2002, 63 children with posterior fossa tumors were treated at Santobono Hospital in Naples, Italy.... |
2,321,254 | Combination of isoflurane and caspase inhibition reduces cerebral injury in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. | Recent data indicate that the neuroprotective efficacy of isoflurane is not sustained. Delayed neuronal death, mediated in part by apoptosis, contributes to the gradual increase in the size of the infarction. These data suggest that isoflurane may not be able to inhibit delayed neuronal death. The prevention of apoptos... |
2,321,255 | Intracerebroventricular tryptophan increases heating and heat storage rate in exercising rats. | The role of increased hypothalamic tryptophan (TRP) availability on thermoregulation and rates of core temperature increase and heat storage (HS) during exercise was studied in normal untrained rats running until fatigue. The rats were each anesthetized with 2.5% tribromoethanol (1.0 ml kg(-1) ip) and fitted with a chr... |
2,321,256 | Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex. | Real-time imaging of migrating neurons has changed our understanding of how newborn neurons reach their final positions in the developing cerebral cortex. The migratory routes and modes of migration are more diverse and complex than previously thought. The finding that cortical interneurons migrate to the cortex from o... |
2,321,257 | Cardiotrophin-1 in choroid plexus and the cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system. | There is a growing recognition of choroid plexus functioning as a source of neuropeptides, cytokines and growth factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with diffusional access into brain parenchyma. In this study, choroid plexus and other components of the CSF circulatory system were investigated by Western blotting, reve... |
2,321,258 | Empirical validation of the triple-code model of numerical processing for complex math operations using functional MRI and group Independent Component Analysis of the mental addition and subtraction of fractions. | The suitability of a previously hypothesized triple-code model of numerical processing, involving analog magnitude, auditory verbal, and visual Arabic codes of representation, was investigated for the complex mathematical task of the mental addition and subtraction of fractions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (f... |
2,321,259 | In vivo detection of neuroarchitecture in the rodent brain using manganese-enhanced MRI. | Visualizing brain anatomy in vivo could provide insight into normal and pathophysiology. Here it is demonstrated that neuroarchitecture can be detected in the rodent brain using MRI after systemic MnCl2. Administration of MnCl2 leads to rapid T1 enhancement in the choroid plexus and circumventricular organs, which spre... |
2,321,260 | A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. | Kisspeptins are products of the KiSS-1 gene, which bind to a G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54. Mutations or targeted disruptions in the GPR54 gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice, suggesting that kisspeptin signaling may be important for the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. To exami... |
2,321,261 | Laser-assisted endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus: technique and results in a series of 40 consecutive cases. | To report a case series of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) using laser in 40 consecutive patients with obstructive hydrocephalus.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Under stereotactic and endoscopic guidance, multiple perforations in the ventricular floor... |
2,321,262 | Stroke transiently increases subventricular zone cell division from asymmetric to symmetric and increases neuronal differentiation in the adult rat. | The orientation of mitotic cleavage regulates neurogenesis during neural development. We examined the orientation of mitotic cleavage of dividing progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rats subjected to stroke. In nonstroke rats, 55% of dividing cells were oriented horizontally, whereas 40% were ori... |
2,321,263 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. | To define the role and indications for an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). A series of 25 patients treated by endoscopic technique was analyzed, and the results were compared with those of 14 studies reporting patients treated by shunting.</Abstrac... |
2,321,264 | Delayed isolated tension intraventricular pneumocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. | Delayed and isolated tension intraventricular pneumocephalus without air in the pericerebral subarachnoid spaces is an exceptional complication of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. We purpose an explanation for the development of such delayed pneumocephalus.</AbstractText>A 14-year-old boy developed headaches and righ... |
2,321,265 | Overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces genes regulating migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. | The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. Mutations in components of its signaling pathway lead to severe migration deficits of neuronal crest stem cells, tumor formation, or ablation of the urinary system. In animal models of Parkinson's di... |
2,321,266 | Reassessment of brain elasticity for analysis of biomechanisms of hydrocephalus. | This paper presents results from a finite element study of the biomechanics of hydrocephalus, with special emphasis on a reassessment of the parenchyma elastic modulus. A two-dimensional finite element model of the human brain/ventricular system is developed and analysed under hydrocephalic loading conditions. It is sh... |
2,321,267 | Survival of an octogenarian after rupture of the left ventricular free wall caused by myocardial infarction. | Left ventricular free wall rupture is an uncommon complication after a myocardial infarction that is associated with a high mortality rate from pericardial tamponade, especially in the elderly. Early recognition and management of this clinical entity affects the outcome; therefore, a high index of suspicion is imperati... |
2,321,268 | Decreased neurogenesis after cholinergic forebrain lesion in the adult rat. | Adult neurogenesis has been shown to be regulated by a multitude of extracellular cues, including hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters. The cholinergic system of the basal forebrain is one of the key transmitter systems for learning and memory. Because adult neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive perf... |
2,321,269 | Radial glia express aromatase in the injured zebra finch brain. | Estrogens have neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. The synthesis of estrogen occurs via the expression of aromatase. Previous studies have shown that injury to the vertebrate brain results in a rapid and dramatic up-regulation of aromatase expression in astrocytes around the lesion. As part of experiments exam... |
2,321,270 | Somatostatin in the brain of the cave salamander, Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): immunohistochemical localization and biochemical characterization. | The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cave salamander Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) was investigated by using two distinct antisera raised against somatostatin-14. Most somatostatin-positive cells were detected in the ependymal cell layer surrounding the ventricles. T... |
2,321,271 | Genetic dissection of the formation of the forebrain in Medaka, Oryzias latipes. | The forebrain, consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon, is essential for processing sensory information. To genetically dissect formation of the forebrain in vertebrates, we carried out a systematic screen for mutations affecting morphogenesis of the forebrain in Medaka. Thirty-three mutations defining 25 gene... |
2,321,272 | Brief apnea induces myocardial ischemic tolerance by an opioid-insensitive mechanism. | Intermittent brief "preconditioning" (PC) ischemia has been shown to render the heart resistant to a subsequent sustained ischemic insult, in part through an opioid-dependent mechanism. Using the rabbit model, we tested the hypothesis that intermittent in vivo apnea elicits a cardioprotective response similar to that a... |
2,321,273 | Management of hydrocephalus in the patient with myelomeningocele: an argument against third ventriculostomy. | The majority of children with myelomeningocele will have associated hydrocephalus. The management of hydrocephalus can be one of the most trying problems in this patient population. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion will be required in these children for the remainder of their lives. Blockage of the outlets of the fo... |
2,321,274 | Use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest following ventricular laceration: a case report.<Pagination><StartPage>193</StartPage><EndPage>195</EndPage><MedlinePgn>193-5</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is usually a planned approach to certain types of cardiovas... | Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is usually a planned approach to certain types of cardiovascular surgery. This case report is an example of DHCA used to provide cerebral protection for a patient whose right ventricle was lacerated by an oscillating saw during sternotomy. The surgical case was a redo coronary... |
2,321,275 | Effects of fimbria-fornix transection on calpain and choline acetyl transferase activities in the septohippocampal pathway. | The ability of fimbria-fornix bilateral axotomy to elicit calpain and caspase-3 activation in the rat septohippocampal pathway was determined using antibodies that selectively recognize either calpain- or caspase-cleaved products of the cytoskeletal protein alphaII-spectrin. Radioenzymatically determined choline acetyl... |
2,321,276 | Developmentally regulated expression and functional role of alpha 7 integrin in the chick embryo. | Integrin alpha 7 beta 1 is a specific cellular receptor for laminin. In the present work, we studied the distribution pattern of the alpha 7 subunit by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation and the role of the integrin by blocking antibodies in early chick embryos. alpha 7 immunoreactivity was first detectable in ... |
2,321,277 | Ependyma as a possible morphological basis of ischemic preconditioning tolerance in rat spinal cord ischemia model: nestin and Fluoro-Jade B observations. | 1. To test our hypothesis that a transient nonlethal ischemic insult benefits the lumbosacral spinal cord ischemic injury, nestin, the marker of proliferating cells, and Fluoro-Jade B, the marker of degenerating cells, were used in rats. Morphological outcome was evaluated after 12-min ischemia versus 12-min ischemia p... |
2,321,278 | Tuberculous meningitis in adults--experience from Turkey.<Pagination><StartPage>469</StartPage><EndPage>473</EndPage><MedlinePgn>469-73</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The annual incidence of tuberculous meningitis (TM) is unknown. TM is a disease that still ... | Fibrillation of the atriums is registered in 20-40% of cases after the surgery of direct revascularization of the myocardium and runs alongside with impairments that are life-menacing. Seventy-six (76) patients were examined after direct revascularization of the myocardium, including 20 subjects with paroxysms of atriu... |
2,321,279 | Brain MRI findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis types I and II and mild clinical presentation. | Our objective was to determine the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in a selected group of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types I and II who had only mild clinical manifestations. We retrospectively assessed MRI brain studies in 18 patients with MPS (type I: 6 and type II: 12). We evaluat... |
2,321,280 | Auditory brainstem implant in posttraumatic cochlear nerve avulsion. | Patients aged over 12 years with neurofibromatosis type 2 are considered candidates for an auditory brainstem implant (ABI). This study extends the indication criteria of ABI to subjects with profound hearing loss due to damaged cochleas and/or cochlear nerves (CNs) following head injuries. In our department, over the ... |
2,321,281 | Appearance of an interhemispheric cyst associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. | We describe a fetus with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and Dandy-Walker malformation that developed a frontal paramidline cyst late in gestation. The interval appearance of the cyst occurred in concert with increasing size of the lateral ventricles, which supports the hypothesis that cysts associated with ACC c... |
2,321,282 | Acute Korsakoff syndrome following mammillothalamic tract infarction. | There are limited case reports of structural lesions causing Korsakoff syndrome. This report describes acute Korsakoff syndrome following localized, bilateral infarction of the mammillothalamic tracts (MTTs). Axial T2-weighted imaging revealed the lesions at the lateral wall level of the third ventricle and diffusion-w... |
2,321,283 | White matter lesions in panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: MR imaging and pathologic correlations. | A panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (pCJD) is characterized by the extensive involvement of the cerebral white matter as well as the cerebral gray matter. It has been a point of controversy, however, whether the white matter changes represent primary or secondary degeneration. The aim of this study w... |
2,321,284 | Intracerebral infection with murine cytomegalovirus induces CXCL10 and is restricted by adoptive transfer of splenocytes. | The brain's intrinsic immune system consists of glial cells that produce cytokines and chemokines in response to stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether this intrinsic glial cell response alone is sufficient to control CMV infection of the central nervous sys... |
2,321,285 | Survival and migration of transplanted neural stem cell-derived dopamine cells in the brain of parkinsonian rat. | Dopamine cells derived from neural stem cells were transplanted into the dopamine-denervated striatum in the rat. Survival of the dopamine cells, gliosis, and immunological reaction were examined by immunostaining. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+) cells were seen in the needle tract, walls of the lateral ventr... |
2,321,286 | Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: a clinicopathological study of 23 cases with special emphasis on proliferative markers and expression of p53 and retinoblastoma gene proteins. | To gain a better insight into the biological behaviour of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), tumour suppressor gene protein expression and various proliferative indices were studied in these tumours and correlated with histological features and clinical outcome.</AbstractText>We studied 23 cases of SEGA, 19 fr... |
2,321,287 | The significance of cerebral mantle thickness in fetal ventriculomegaly at autopsy. | To confirm the validity of the method of diagnosing fetal ventriculomegaly at autopsy by measuring cerebral mantle thickness at the frontal lobe and to further evaluate whether taking three measurements at three separate sites is even more reliable.</AbstractText>The thickness of the cerebral mantle was measured at thr... |
2,321,288 | Reliability of brain volumes from multicenter MRI acquisition: a calibration study. | Multicenter studies can provide additional information over single center studies because of their increased statistical power. Because similar acquisition protocols are being used internationally for structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the human brain, volumetric MRI data studies seem suitable for t... |
2,321,289 | A prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 agonist attenuates cardiovascular depression in endotoxin shock by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production. | The prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor subtype EP4 has been found to mediate regulation of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and neutrophils in vitro by PGE2. Yet the role of EP4 receptors in endotoxin shock in vivo and whether EP4 activation is a beneficial treatment are not clear. We tested the effect of an EP4 agoni... |
2,321,290 | Direct association between orbitofrontal atrophy and the response of psychotic symptoms to olanzapine in schizophrenia. | The study of cerebral variables associated with response to neuroleptics holds interest from both theoretical and clinical points of view. To date, no studies have aimed to identify predictors of response to olanzapine based on cerebral measurements. Here, we used magnetic resonance to assess the relationship between v... |
2,321,291 | Cardiac fiber orientation and the left-right asymmetry determining mechanism. | The invariant nature of body situs within and across vertebrate species implies that a highly conserved pathway controls the specification of the left-right (L/R) axis. Situs-specific morphogenesis begins at the end of this pathway and leads to normal organ arrangement, also known as situs solitus. Occasionally, indivi... |
2,321,292 | Development of the building plan of the heart. | In this communication we discuss the formation of the synchronously contracting chambered heart from a peristaltically contracting linear heart tube. It is proposed that members of the T-box family of transcription factors play a crucial role in the formation of the building plan of the formed heart. Tbx5 may confer ve... |
2,321,293 | Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by choroid plexus papilloma in the temporal horn. | Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) arising in the temporal horn is rare in adult population, and to the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of such a case with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The authors describe a unique case of a 27-year-old woman who was diagnosed as TLE and was found to have a CPP in the temp... |
2,321,294 | A case report of a choroid plexus carcinoma spontaneously occurring in the right lateral ventricle of a 14-week-old, female Donryu rat. | We encountered a brain tumor arising in the right lateral ventricle of a 14-week-old, female Donryu rat and investigated its histological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Macroscopically, the tumor appeared as a grayish mass with a size of 10 mm in diameter, present in front of the right hemicerebrum and well c... |
2,321,295 | Calcium-sensing receptor in the brain. | Following its cloning through an homology-based method from a rat striatal library, the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) has been localized in the brains of adult and developing rats by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization with CaR-specific antibodies and cDNA probes, respectively. The receptor resides in numero... |
2,321,296 | Correlation between decreased ventricular size and positive clinical outcome following shunt placement in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. | It is well known that in patients with communicating hydrocephalus or normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), ventricular size decreases following implantation of shunts with differential pressure valves. The aim of this study was to determine whether ventricular size correlates with a positive clinical outcome following ... |
2,321,297 | Neurologic signs predict periventricular white matter lesions on MRI. | Periventricular white matter disease (PVWD) is associated with abnormalities on tests that involve complex cognitive processes, along with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events which are associated with significant morbidity in older patients. This study investigates whether the neurological examination can predi... |
2,321,298 | Effects of NF-kappaB oligonucleotide "decoys" on gene expression in P7 rat hippocampus after hypoxia/ischemia. | "Decoy" oligonucleotides can be used as gene-specific nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) inhibitors to regulate gene expression. We applied two different decoy oligonucleotides that contained the NF-kappaB binding consensus sequences present in the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-kappaB and Bcl-x promoter into 7-day-old (P7) rat latera... |
2,321,299 | The subcommissural organ expresses D2, D3, D4, and D5 dopamine receptors. | Dopamine receptors have been found in certain populations of non-neuronal cells in the brain, viz., discrete areas of ciliated ependyma and the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus. We have studied the presence of both tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers and dopamine receptors in the subcommissural organ ... |
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