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2,321,400 | Catecholamine-induced apoptosis and necrosis in cardiac and skeletal myocytes of the rat in vivo: the same or separate death pathways? | High levels of catecholamines are myotoxic but the relative amounts of apoptosis and necrosis have not been established in vivo in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect and quantify myocyte-specific necrosis (myosin antibody in vivo) and apoptosis (caspase-3 antibody in vitro) in the hea... |
2,321,401 | Immobilization induces acute nitric oxide production in the rat hypothalamus: a role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the paraventricular nucleus. | Production of nitric oxide (NO) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was examined by microdialysis in rats subjected to immobilization (IMO) stress. A dialysis probe was implanted in the posterior magnocellular subdivision of the PVN and nitrite (NO(2)(-)), an oxidized product of NO, was measured continuou... |
2,321,402 | Visual perceptual impairment in children at 5 years of age with perinatal haemorrhagic or ischaemic brain damage in relation to cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. | Children with perinatally acquired parenchymal haemorrhage are thought to have better visual perceptual skills than those with leukomalacia. We examined seven prematurely born children with parenchymal haemorrhage and 14 with grades 2-4 leukomalacia, at the age of 5 years. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging parame... |
2,321,403 | [Microsurgical treatment of cranial-cervical type giant ependymoma within the fourth ventricle in adult patients]. | To study the neuroimaging characteristics, microsurgical treatment and prognosis of cranial-cervical type giant ependymoma within the fourth ventricle in adult patients.</AbstractText>The clinical data of 22 patients with cranial-cervical type giant ependymoma within the fourth ventricle were retrospectively analyzed. ... |
2,321,404 | Anatomic analysis of blood vessels in germinal matrix, cerebral cortex, and white matter in developing infants. | The germinal matrix (GM) located in the thick subependymal cell layer of the thalamostriate groove is a major site of cerebral hemorrhage in premature infants. Comparing the morphology of vasculature among GM, gray and white matter of the brain may help in understanding the pathogenesis of GM hemorrhage and also of per... |
2,321,405 | Regulatory roles of leptin at the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis before and after sexual maturation in cattle. | Studies assessed, either directly or indirectly, the role of GnRH in leptin-mediated stimulation of LH release in cattle before and after sexual maturation. In experiment 1, the objectives were to determine whether leptin could acutely accelerate the frequency of LH pulses, and putatively GnRH pulses, in prepubertal he... |
2,321,406 | Induction of neurogenesis in the adult rat subventricular zone and neostriatum following dopamine D3 receptor stimulation. | Discrete regions of the adult CNS, including the subventricular zone (SVZ), do retain the capacity for neurogenesis. These progenitor cells may represent a potential new source of cells for replacement therapies in neuroregenerative diseases. An understanding of the microenvironmental signals regulating neurogenesis in... |
2,321,407 | [Effects of emodin on the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and L-type calcium current of the single ventricular mytocytes from guinea pig]. | To study the effects of emodin on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and L-type calcium current of the single ventricular myocytes from guinea pig.</AbstractText>Enzymatic dissociation was used to isolate single ventricular myocytes from adult guinea pig. They were loaded with Ca2(+)-sensitive fluorecent ind... |
2,321,408 | Ventricular tapping seems to have no influence on S-100B and NSE serum concentrations. | Serum markers, e.show $132#g., the protein S-100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), are recognized to give additional information about the extension and prognosis of brain damage. In some of these patients it is necessary to insert a ventricular drain. Whether the cannulation of the ventricle falsifies the serum conc... |
2,321,409 | Single sodium channels from human skeletal muscle in planar lipid bilayers: characterization and response to pentobarbital. | To investigate the response to general anesthetics of different sodium-channel subtypes, we examined the effects of pentobarbital, a close thiopental analogue, on single sodium channels from human skeletal muscle and compared them to existing data from human brain and human ventricular muscle channels.</AbstractText>So... |
2,321,410 | Serotonin innervation of the primate suprachiasmatic nucleus. | The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in rodents receives a dense innervation from serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe. This projection overlaps the terminal field of the retinohypothalamic tract in the SCN core, the central part of the nucleus characterized by a population of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-co... |
2,321,411 | Cell type- and brain structure-specific patterns of distribution of minibrain kinase in human brain. | The minibrain kinase (Mnb/Dyrk1A) gene is localized in the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21. This gene encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase (minibrain kinase-Mnb/Dyrk1A), which is required for the proliferation of distinct neuronal cell types during postembryonic neurogenesis. T... |
2,321,412 | The mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptor is expressed in zones of active neurogenesis of the embryonic and postnatal brain. | Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been implicated in the regulation of developmental plasticity. Here, we examined the expression of mGlu1a-b, -2, -3, -4a-b, and -5a receptor subtypes from embryonic day 12 (E12) to the early and late postnatal life. While all transcripts (with the exception of mGlu4 mRNA) we... |
2,321,413 | [Choroid plexus tumours: epidemiologic comparative study of 24 cases]. | Tumours derived from choroid plexus are rare central nervous system neoplasms affecting mainly children. This study presents a series of 38 patients with neuroectodermal tumours. Twenty four of them had the histological and/or immunohistochemical diagnosis of choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). Sixteen of these patients we... |
2,321,414 | Blockade of GABAA receptors disrupts isoperiodic neuronal oscillations in the intergeniculate leaflet of the rat. | The intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus is, besides the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, the other important neuronal element of the mammalian biological clock. The extracellularly recorded activity of neurons constituting the intergeniculate leaflet, recorded in vivo, is characterized by distinct, very... |
2,321,415 | Aquaporins and brain edema. | Aquaporins are a family of transmembrane proteins that selectively allow the passage of water through the plasma membrane. Their importance is highlighted by their ubiquitous presence from bacteria to mammals. In humans, they are found throughout the body and recent work has highlighted their function within the brain.... |
2,321,416 | Hypertensive encephalopathy mimicking brainstem tumour in psychiatric patient. | Hypertensive encephalopathy is a syndrome consisting of headache, seizures, visual changes, and other neurologic disturbances in patients with elevated systemic blood pressure. Diagnosis based on clinical and radiological findings, which are not specific, may be difficult to establish. Furthermore, hypertensive encepha... |
2,321,417 | [Mechanical work of the left ventricle of the human heart]. | By means of the echocardiographic techniques, morphometric and functional parameters of the heart left ventricle (HLV) were studied in male humans aged 20 to 23, in resting and under the effect of a physical load. The total ventricle work was found to be about 1 J, the relative one (per 100 g of the LV mass)--0.6 J. Th... |
2,321,418 | Endomyocardial fibrosis and restrictive cardiomyopathy: pathologic and clinical features. | Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a primary myocardial disorder characterized by diastolic dysfunction and wide phenotypic heterogeneity. Clinicopathologic features in cats are currently poorly defined. One form of RCM is associated with endomyocardial fibrosis. The hallmark feature of endomyocardial fibrosis RCM is ... |
2,321,419 | Chronic subdural collection after endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is considered a safe technique for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. We describe a case of chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) after ETV, revealed by MRI four weeks after the procedure, and requiring surgical evacuation, in a 69 y.o. asymptomatic male patient. In our opini... |
2,321,420 | Cell index--a new parameter for the early diagnosis of ventriculostomy (external ventricular drainage)-related ventriculitis in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage? | Temporary intraventricular catheters for managing acute obstructive hydrocephalus caused by intraventricular haemorrhage carry a high risk of developing ventriculostomy-related ventriculitis (VRV). The aim of this prospective study was to validate a new parameter for the early detection of an intraventricular infection... |
2,321,421 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in infants of less than 1 year of age: which factors influence the outcome? | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a successful method of treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. In infants, however, it is reported to have a higher failure rate. On the basis of our own data and a meta-analysis of the literature, we try to define factors prognosticating potential failure in infants aged less... |
2,321,422 | Comparison of Ca2+ release and uptake characteristics of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in isolated horse and rabbit cardiomyocytes. | Both the cardiac action potential duration (APD) (0.6-1 s) and resting heart rate (30-40 beats/min) in the horse are significantly different from humans and smaller mammals, including the rabbit. This would be anticipated to have consequences for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling and require adaptation of the indivi... |
2,321,423 | A model for studies of intracranial volume pressure dynamics in traumatic brain injury. | The present study was undertaken to establish an experimental trauma model where it was possible to alter intracranial pressure (ICP) dynamics without raising intracranial pressure to abnormal levels and monitor metabolic disturbances with microdialysis. Thirty rats were intubated and mechanically ventilated before and... |
2,321,424 | Subventricular zone neural stem cells remodel the brain following traumatic injury in adult mice. | Neural stem cells have recently been shown to contribute to the cellular remodeling that occurs following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Potential sources for these stem cells from within the brain include the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Using intraventric... |
2,321,425 | A combined subtemporal and transventricular/transchoroidal fissure approach to medial temporal lesions. | To minimize therapeutic morbidity such as cognitive function disturbance and vascular injury to perforating arteries, preoperative functional mapping of the basal temporal lobe functions was performed and the medial temporal lesions were resected via a combined subtemporal and transventricular/transchoroidal fissure ap... |
2,321,426 | Thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: relation of lead location to outcome. | Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is commonly used to treat essential tremor, but the optimal lead location within the thalamus has not been systematically evaluated. We examined the relation of lead location to clinical outcome in a series of essential tremor patients treated by thalamic DBS.</AbstractText>Fifty-s... |
2,321,427 | Tumor-third ventricular relationships in supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas: correlation of morphological, magnetic resonance imaging, and operative findings. | To disclose the relationships of primarily supradiaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas with the third ventricular floor (3rdVF) by means of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thus to select the surgical approach avoiding the hypothalamic structures.</AbstractText>MRI findings in 76 consecutive patients with cr... |
2,321,428 | Effects of diabetes and insulin on the expression of galanin-like peptide in the hypothalamus of the rat. | Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is produced in a small population of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and leptin stimulates the hypothalamic expression of GALP mRNA. Because insulin and leptin share common signaling pathways in the brain, we reasoned that GALP neurons might also be responsive to changes ... |
2,321,429 | Third ventricular alloxan reversibly impairs glucose counterregulatory responses. | Glucokinase (GK) is hypothesized to be the critical glucosensor of pancreatic beta-cells and hypothalamic glucosensing neurons. To understand the role of GK in glucoprivic counterregulatory responses, we injected alloxan, a GK inhibitor and toxin, into the third ventricle (3v) to target nearby GK-expressing neurons. Fo... |
2,321,430 | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein gp120 causes neuronal cell death in the rat brain by activating caspases. | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system is associated with microglia activation and neuronal apoptosis, alterations that are also caused by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) alone. This study was undertaken to examine the onset of gp120 neurotoxicity, the type of ce... |
2,321,431 | Improved agreement between Talairach and MNI coordinate spaces in deep brain regions. | Disagreement between the Talairach atlas and the stereotaxic space commonly used in software like SPM is a widely recognized problem. Others have proposed affine transformations to improve agreement in surface areas such as Brodmann's areas. This article proposes a similar transformation with the goal of improving agre... |
2,321,432 | Expression of chicken slug and snail in mesenchymal components of the developing central nervous system. | Slug and Snail are members of the Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors. They are involved in triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transitions during the development of the neural crest and the mesoderm. We have analyzed by in situ hybridization their expression in the nervous system of chicken embryos at mid-... |
2,321,433 | Wide phenotypic variability in families with holoprosencephaly and a sonic hedgehog mutation. | Mutations in the human sonic hedgehog gene (SHH) are the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant inherited holoprosencephaly (HPE), a complex brain malformation resulting from incomplete cleavage of the developing forebrain into two separate hemispheres and ventricles. Here we report the clinical and molecular findin... |
2,321,434 | The regulation and importance of glucose uptake in the isolated Atlantic cod heart: rate-limiting steps and effects of hypoxia. | This study investigated the regulation of glucose uptake in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) hearts. Isolated hearts were perfused with or without glucose in the medium, under either normoxic or severely hypoxic conditions. Working at basal levels, hearts did not require extracellular glucose to maintain power under aerobic... |
2,321,435 | The addition of computer simulated noise to investigate radiation dose and image quality in images with spatial correlation of statistical noise: an example application to X-ray CT of the brain. | This study validates a method to add spatially correlated statistical noise to an image, applied to transaxial X-ray CT images of the head to simulate exposure reduction by up to 50%. 23 patients undergoing routine head CT had three additional slices acquired for validation purposes, two at the same clinical 420 mAs ex... |
2,321,436 | Organisation of the human dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. | This study used acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry to reveal the organization of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DM) in the human. Topographically, the human DM is similar to DM in the monkey and rat. It is wedged between the paraventricular nucleus, dorsally, and the ventromedial nucleus, ventrally. Late... |
2,321,437 | Gangliogliomas: A report of five cases. | Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the Central Nervous System. Five gangliogliomas were diagnosed out of 1560 brain tumours surgically resected out in a period of 5 years accounting for 0. 32%. We have tried to discuss in detail the pathological features of these tumours and have mentioned the clinical and radiological ... |
2,321,438 | Molecular basis of bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity. | Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), at slightly elevated unbound concentrations, is toxic to astrocytes and neurons, damaging mitochondria (causing impaired energy metabolism and apoptosis) and plasma membranes (causing oxidative damage and disrupting transport of neurotransmitters). Accumulation of UCB in the CSF and CNS is... |
2,321,439 | Blood biochemistry following endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is now an accepted treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. Anandh et al. have reported postoperative hyperkalemia following ETV. However, due to small sample size (20 patients), the authors could not confirm their hypothesis (8). Therefore, we have conducted the present study in ... |
2,321,440 | Hypothalamic neuronal histamine regulates sympathetic nerve activity and expression of uncoupling protein 1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue in rats. | To clarify how hypothalamic neuronal histamine regulates peripheral energy expenditure, we investigated the effect of infusion of histamine into the third cerebral ventricle or discrete hypothalamic regions on sympathetic nerve activity and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA in brown adipose tissue (BAT). I... |
2,321,441 | Age- and sex-dependent laterality of rat hippocampal cholinergic system in relation to animal models of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. | Studies suggest age- and sex-dependent structural and functional patterns of human cerebral lateralization underlie hemisphere specialization and its alterations in schizophrenia. Recent works report sexual dimorphism of neurons in the hippocampal formation and specialization of hemispheres in rats. Our experiments ind... |
2,321,442 | The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of isolated mild ventriculomegaly. | Isolated mild ventriculomegaly is defined as dilatation of the lateral ventricle from 10 to 15 mm, with no other structural abnormalities observed at the time of diagnosis. Its reported frequency is between 1 per 50 and 1 per 700 deliveries. There are no universal recommendations for evaluation of isolated mild ventric... |
2,321,443 | Tissue distribution of clenbuterol in the horse. | Plasma and tissue concentrations of clenbuterol (CLB) were determined following oral (p.o.) administration of 1.6 microg/kg twice daily (b.i.d.) for 2 weeks. Horses were administered the last dose on morning of day 15, killed at 0.25, 24, 48, and 72 h post-administration. At 0.25 h, the highest tissue concentrations of... |
2,321,444 | Developmental patterns of physiological response to a multisensory intervention in extremely premature and high-risk infants. | To compare the developmental patterns of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) of premature infants with and without central nervous system (CNS) injury, and evaluate whether a multisensory intervention altered this development.</AbstractText>Thirty-seven premature infants born... |
2,321,445 | Brain inflammation enhances 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-evoked neurotoxicity in rats. | Experimental Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease in humans include a CNS inflammatory component that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. CNS inflammation produces a loss in cytochrome P450 metabolism and may impair the brain's protection against neurotoxins. We have examined if preexisting inflam... |
2,321,446 | Right ventricular volume measurement with single-plane Simpson's method based on a new half-circle model. | The complexity of right ventricular (RV) shape makes it more difficult for measuring its volume. However, the short-axis view of the right ventricle usually is crescent and might be assumed as half of a circle. This hypothesis can be applied to calculate RV volume by using the single-plane Simpson's method, but the fin... |
2,321,447 | B-waves in cerebral and spinal cerebrospinal fluid pulsation measurement by magnetic resonance imaging. | Noninvasive measurement of B-waves is possible by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences. In this study, the proportion of B-waves in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the spinal canal and in the aqueductus cerebri was evaluated under normal and pathologic conditions, respectively. The... |
2,321,448 | Importance of orexigenic counter-regulation for multiple targeted feeding inhibition. | Central feeding regulation involves both anorectic and orexigenic pathways. This study examined whether targeting both systems could enhance feeding inhibition induced by anorectic neuropeptides.</AbstractText>Experiments were carried out in 24-hour fasted rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections were accomplishe... |
2,321,449 | Transient induction of TGF-alpha disrupts lung morphogenesis, causing pulmonary disease in adulthood. | Clinical studies have associated increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and EGF receptor with lung remodeling in diseases including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is characterized by disrupted alveolar and vascular morphogenesis, inflammation, and remodeling. To determine whether transient increases in... |
2,321,450 | MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopic studies in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: characterization of the leukoencephalopathy. | Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome caused by a genetic enzyme deficiency in lipid metabolism. Our purpose was to characterize the nature of the cerebral involvement in SLS.</AbstractText>MR imaging was performed in 18 patients (aged 5 months to 45 years) and repeated in 14. Single-voxel pr... |
2,321,451 | [Experience with neuroendoscopic treatment of 12 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueduct lesions]. | To review our experience in the treatment of hydrocephalus caused by aqueduct obstruction with neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy.</AbstractText>Of the 12 patients with hydrocephalus, 10 had primary aqueduct obstruction with the other 2 suffering the obstruction secondary to tectal tumors. In all the cases the neuro... |
2,321,452 | Vasopressin secretion: osmotic and hormonal regulation by the lamina terminalis. | The lamina terminalis, located in the anterior wall of the third ventricle, is comprised of the subfornical organ, median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). The subfornical organ and OVLT are two of the brain's circumventricular organs that lack the blood-brain barrier, and ... |
2,321,453 | Ontogenic redistribution of type 2 deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in the brain of chicken. | Thyroid hormone is essential for brain development. T(4) has to be converted to T(3) for efficient binding to thyroid hormone receptors. Type 2 deiodinase (D2) is the key enzyme that allows T(3) generation in the brain. To elucidate the onset and localization of T(3) production in the brain, we studied the changes of D... |
2,321,454 | Comparison between the influence of the systemic and central injection of alcohol on Leydig cell activity. | Systemic alcohol exposure lowers plasma testosterone (T) levels in adult males, but the relative role of impaired luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone synthesis and decreased pituitary LH release versus that of a direct ability of circulating alcohol to inhibit testicular steroidogenesis remains poorly understood... |
2,321,455 | Zebrafish mosaic eyes is a novel FERM protein required for retinal lamination and retinal pigmented epithelial tight junction formation. | Polarization is a common feature of many types of cells, and we are beginning to understand how cells become polarized. The role of cell polarity in development and tissue morphogenesis, however, is much less well understood. Our previous analysis of the mosaic eyes (moe) mutations revealed that moe is required for ret... |
2,321,456 | Melatonin precursor; L-tryptophan protects the pancreas from development of acute pancreatitis through the central site of action. | Melatonin, produced from L-tryptophan, protects the pancreas against acute damage by improving the antioxidative status of tissue. Melatonin receptors have been detected in the brain, but the contribution of these receptors to the pancreatic protection is unknown. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of mela... |
2,321,457 | Adenoviral gene transfer of aspartoacylase ameliorates tonic convulsions of spontaneously epileptic rats. | The spontaneously epileptic rat (SER: tm/tm, zi/zi) shows both absence-like seizures and tonic convulsions. Our previous studies have demonstrated that absence-like seizures of the tremor rat (tm/tm), one of the parent strains of SER, were inhibited by adenoviral transfer of the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, a deleted ge... |
2,321,458 | A single episode of central glucoprivation reduces the adrenomedullary response to subsequent hypoglycemia in rats. | Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) is a complication of recurrent hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes. The present experiments were performed to study the contribution of brain glucose-sensitive structures to HAAF. In conscious rats, brain glucoprivation was elicited by injection of 2 deoxy-D-glucose (... |
2,321,459 | Huperzine A enhances the level of secretory amyloid precursor protein and protein kinase C-alpha in intracerebroventricular beta-amyloid-(1-40) infused rats and human embryonic kidney 293 Swedish mutant cells. | We examined whether huperzine A (HupA), a promising therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, could alter the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in rats with beta-amyloid protein-(1-40) (Abeta(1-40)) infusion into the cerebral ventricle and in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293sw) cells. Daily intraperitone... |
2,321,460 | 5-HT receptors involved in opioid-activated descending inhibition of spinal withdrawal reflexes in the decerebrated rabbit. | The role of 5-HT(1B/1D), 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) receptors in mediating descending inhibition of spinal reflexes activated by application of fentanyl to the fourth ventricle has been studied in rabbits decerebrated under N(2)O/isoflurane anaesthesia. In the control state, intraventricular fentanyl (3-30 microg kg(-1)) depr... |
2,321,461 | Interferon-gamma but not TNF alpha promotes neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of murine adult neural stem cells. | Neural trauma, such as traumatic brain injury or stroke, results in a vigorous inflammatory response at and near the site of injury, with cytokine production by endogenous glial cells and invading immune cells. Little is known of the effect that these cytokines have on neural stem cell function. Here we examine the eff... |
2,321,462 | Temporal bone pathology in hydrocephalus: changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure. | Changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure have not yet been clearly defined. We present a postmortem temporal bone study of child with hydrocephalus. The temporal bone was from a 2-year-old female with IVth ventricle ependymoblastoma. In the basal turn of the cochlea, degeneration of the organ of ... |
2,321,463 | Imaging in spine and spinal cord malformations. | Spinal and spinal cord malformations are collectively named spinal dysraphisms. They arise from defects occurring in the early embryological stages of gastrulation (weeks 2-3), primary neurulation (weeks 3-4), and secondary neurulation (weeks 5-6). Spinal dysraphisms are categorized into open spinal dysraphisms (OSDs),... |
2,321,464 | Role of the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor in LTP, depotentiation and LTD in dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. | We investigated whether group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are critically involved in the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP), depotentiation, or long-term depression (LTD) in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. Male Wistar rats (7 8 weeks) underwent implantation of stimulating and recording ... |
2,321,465 | Distribution of doublecortin expressing cells near the lateral ventricles in the adult mouse brain. | Doublecortin (Dcx) is a microtubule-associated protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts in the embryo and in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). The adult SVZ contains neuroblasts that migrate in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulbs. We have examined the distribution and phenotype of Dcx-positiv... |
2,321,466 | [Use of stem cells for myocardial regeneration]. | Remodelling of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction is a major cause of the heart failure development with possible death. Despite application of pharmacological, catheter and surgical interventions and the use of new mechanical devices, the myocardium lost during myocardial infarction cannot be regenerated. ... |
2,321,467 | Organic anion transport in choroid plexus from wild-type and organic anion transporter 3 (Slc22a8)-null mice. | The choroid plexus actively transports endogenous, xenobiotic, and therapeutic compounds from cerebrospinal fluid to blood, thereby limiting their exposure to the central nervous system (CNS). Establishing the mechanisms responsible for this transport is critical to our understanding of basic choroid plexus physiology ... |
2,321,468 | Myxopapillary ependymoma of the temporal lobe--report of a rare case of temporal lobe epilepsy. | Myxopapillary ependymomas are a benign variant of ependymomas, occurring almost exclusively in the cauda equina region. We report an extremely rare case of myxopapillary ependymoma located in the left anterior temporal lobe. A 22-year-old man is presented with intractable seizures of 2 years duration with no focal neur... |
2,321,469 | Soluble form of amyloid precursor protein regulates proliferation of progenitors in the adult subventricular zone. | The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane protein of unknown physiological function. Its soluble secreted form (sAPP) shows similarities with growth factors and increases the in vitro proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells. As neurogenesis is an ongoing process in the adult mammalian brain, we... |
2,321,470 | Four natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, VNP and CNP) coexist in the sturgeon: identification of BNP in fish lineage. | The natriuretic peptide (NP) family is composed of three members: atrial, brain/ventricular and C-type NPs (ANP, BNP/VNP and CNP respectively) in tetrapods and teleostean fish, but only CNP in elasmobranch fish. In order to trace the process of divergence of the NP family in early vertebrate evolution, we attempted to ... |
2,321,471 | Transbasal approaches: surgical details, pitfalls and avoidances. | Lesions involving the anterior skull base and sphenoclival region are difficult surgical problems. This paper presents surgical details, pitfalls, avoidances and our experiences in the surgical treatment of lesions of the anterior skull base using neuronavigation. Between 1999 and 2003, 33 patients with pathology of th... |
2,321,472 | Galanin-like peptide as a possible link between metabolism and reproduction in the macaque. | Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that has been implicated in the control of feeding, metabolism, and reproduction. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of central infusions of GALP on GnRH and LH secretion and to identify physiological factors that influence the expression of GALP... |
2,321,473 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus: an outcome analysis. | The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the safety and efficacy of, and indications and outcome prognosis for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in 58 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Between September 1999 and April 2003, 58 ETVs were performed in 58 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus ... |
2,321,474 | [The effect of protein synthesis inhibition in the central nervous system on long-term memory formation in some behavioral tasks]. | The effect of the maximum protein synthesis inhibition in brain and spinal cord on long-term memory formation in extreme situations was studied in various new behavioral tasks in rats. Cycloheximide injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricles three hours before learning suppressed protein synthesis in the central ... |
2,321,475 | Cotard's syndrome with schizophreniform disorder can be successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy: case report. | We report a case of Cotard's syndrome associated with psychotic symptoms. A 27-year-old man was admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder. His presenting symptoms, which had started 1 month before hospital admission, were somatic delusions of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular malfunction an... |
2,321,476 | [Craniopharyngioma of the adults. Three cases]. | Craniopharyngioma, an intra- and suprasellar tumor generally observed in pediatric patients, can also occur in adults. We report three cases of histologically confirmed craniopharyngioma in three men aged 34 to 53 Years. Clinical manifestations were headache with visual and gonadic disorders associating impotence, infe... |
2,321,477 | Diprosopus associated with neural tube defect and facial cleft in the first trimester. | We report a case of diprosopus presenting with increased nuchal translucency of 5.3 mm at 14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonographically, the fetus presented with micrognathia, anterior indentation of the cephalic pole, abnormal cerebral hemispheres with a cystic 4th ventricle and angulation of the spine. The fetal karyot... |
2,321,478 | Chronic hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced elevation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha levels and pulmonary hypertension. | A close relationship exists between hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and pulmonary hypertension. The present study was carried out to explore if there are temporal alterations in HIF-1alpha levels during prolonged hypoxia and after monocrotaline (MCT) treatment. First, young Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups:... |
2,321,479 | Inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) current in Guinea pig ventricular myocytes by cisapride. | The effect of cisapride on L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) was studied in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using a whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and a conventional action potential recording method. Myocytes were held at -40 mV, and internally dialyzed and externally perfused with Na(+)- and K(+)-free solutions; ci... |
2,321,480 | Bv8, the amphibian homologue of the mammalian prokineticins, modulates ingestive behaviour in rats. | 1. The small protein Bv8, secreted by the skin of the frog Bombina variegata, belongs to a novel family of secreted proteins whose mammalian orthologues have been identified and named prokineticins (PK-1 and PK-2). 2. Bv8 (from 2.5 to 60 pmol) injected into the lateral ventricles of rat brain suppressed diurnal, noctur... |
2,321,481 | Neurogenic and intact or apoptotic non-neurogenic areas of adult brain release diffusible molecules that differentially modulate the development of subventricular zone cell cultures. | Abstract In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenic activity is maintained in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Damage to non-neurogenic areas can stimulate SVZ cell proliferation and trigger addition of new neurons in the affected areas. We therefore examined the possible control exerted by specific microenvironment cues o... |
2,321,482 | Fetal brain imaging: a comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and dedicated neurosonography. | To evaluate whether fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adds useful clinical information to that obtained by dedicated fetal neurosonography using a combined transabdominal and transvaginal approach in fetuses with suspected brain anomalies.</AbstractText>In the 2-year period between January 2000 and January 2... |
2,321,483 | Fetal open spina bifida: a natural history of disease progression in utero. | To determine the natural history of the prenatal development of ventriculomegaly and talipes in fetuses with open spina bifida.</AbstractText>All fetuses with isolated open spina bifida and managed at our center between January 1996 and March 2000 were retrospectively evaluated. Ultrasonographic images and reports were... |
2,321,484 | Regulation of ghrelin secretion during pregnancy and lactation in the rat: possible involvement of hypothalamus. | We investigated the plasma concentration of ghrelin peptide during pregnancy and lactation in rats. Plasma ghrelin levels on days 10 and 15 of pregnancy were significantly lower than those of the non-pregnant rats. Thereafter, the plasma ghrelin levels on day 20 of pregnancy sharply increased to levels comparable with ... |
2,321,485 | Antenatal neurosurgical counseling: approach to the unborn patient. | The detection and diagnosis of structural anomalies of the fetal central nervous system has become commonplace. Therefore, the pediatric neurosurgeon who will eventually care for a child postnatally can be called upon to interpret the meaning of diagnostic studies and advise the prospective parents prenatally. This art... |
2,321,486 | Controversial ultrasound findings. | This article has reviewed a few of the more controversial findings in the field of obstetric ultrasound. For each one evidence-based strategies for the management of affected pregnancies have been suggested, derived from what the authors believe is the best information available. In some cases, this information is very... |
2,321,487 | Loculated ventricles and isolated compartments in hydrocephalus: their pathophysiology and the efficacy of neuroendoscopic surgery. | The neuroendoscopic procedures applied inpatients with isolated compartments, including IUH, LV, IFV, IRF, and multiloculated ventricles were foramen of Monro reconstruction, septostomy, septal wall removal, cyst wall fenestration, fourth ventriculostomy, and endoscopic shunt placement. It was found that the operative ... |
2,321,488 | Results of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | ETV is emerging as the treatment of choice for aqueductal stenosis caused by anatomic, inflammatory, and selected neoplastic etiologies. The technique has also proven useful in the pathologic diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Long-term results of this procedure and comparison to standard shunting procedures ... |
2,321,489 | Complications of third ventriculostomy. | As experience with ETV grows, the procedure will be performed by an increasing number of neurosurgeons. Although the technique has been greatly refined since its advent almost a century ago, today's neurosurgeon must never forget that this seemingly simple procedure holds the potential for a number of devastating compl... |
2,321,490 | Techniques of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | Modem techniques of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are based on the concept of establishing a natural conduit for cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow through the floor of the third ventricle. Through the years, a wide variety of techniques have been used as a means to this end and have included both open and close... |
2,321,491 | Selecting patients for endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | ETV using contemporary instrumentation has been used for more than 50 years, but its use has become widespread only in the last 10 to 15 years. Randomized prospective trials comparing ETV with shunts are needed before definitive statements can be made about the role of the former in managing the many forms of hydroceph... |
2,321,492 | The anatomy of the ventricular system. | The embryology of the ventricular development of the brain assists in understanding the final relations between structures forming these cavities. An accurate concept of this anatomy allows the endoscopist to maneuver within the ventricular system. |
2,321,493 | Collagen, ageing and nutrition. | The relationship between ageing and nutrition is considered with collagen as the intermediate target. Some data showed that diet restriction resulted in decreased collagen accumulation and collagen ageing. Conversely, being overweight reduced the lifespan and increased collagen ageing. Collagen ageing, which includes l... |
2,321,494 | The size and prevalence of the cavum septum pellucidum are normal in subjects with panic disorder. | Panic disorder is thought to involve dysfunction in the septohippocampal system, and the presence of a cavum septum pellucidum might indicate the aberrant development of this system. We compared the prevalence and size of cavum septum pellucidum in 21 patients with panic disorder and in 21 healthy controls by magnetic ... |
2,321,495 | Role of cardiac myosin binding protein C in sustaining left ventricular systolic stiffening. | Despite advances in the molecular biology of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), little is understood about its precise role in muscle contraction, particularly in the intact heart. We tested the hypothesis that cMyBP-C is central to the time course and magnitude of left ventricular systolic elastance (chamber ... |
2,321,496 | [Dynamic variability of intestinal flora and endotoxin in rat with fulminate hepatic failure]. | To investigate the dynamic variability of intestinal flora and endotoxins in rats with fulminate hepatic failure.</AbstractText>Establishing the fulminate hepatic failure models by intraperitoneal injection of Galactosamine. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group A (n=10) were killed at the beg... |
2,321,497 | Method for making selective lesions of the hippocampus in macaque monkeys using NMDA and a longitudinal surgical approach. | We describe a method for making selective lesions of the hippocampus in macaque monkeys, using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided stereotaxic approach in which the excitotoxin N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) is injected at intervals along a single needle track that extends longitudinally through the rostrocaudal... |
2,321,498 | Huge colloid cyst: case report and review of unusual forms. | The authors report a case of a huge colloid cyst of the septum pellucidum with acute worsening. A 42-year-old man was admitted for unexplained lethargy. A brain CT scan disclosed a huge intra-ventricular lesion. He experienced a sudden deterioration with coma, and was managed with bilateral ventricular external shuntin... |
2,321,499 | Ontogenic development of three GnRH systems in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, barfin flounder. | A pleuronectiform fish, the barfin flounder Verasper moseri, has three molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain, salmon GnRH (sGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and seabream GnRH (sbGnRH). To elucidate the ontogenic origin of the neurons that produce these GnRH molecules, the development of... |
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