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2,321,500 | The effects of monobromobimane on calcium and phenylarsineoxide-induced mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome C release in isolated brain mitochondria. | A possible involvement of inhibitory effects of monobromobimane (MBM), a thiol reagent, on the swelling and the release of cytochrome c in the isolated brain mitochondria was examined. MBM dose-dependently inhibited the calcium and phenylarsineoxide-induced mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. Significant r... |
2,321,501 | Neural transplantation in hypogonadal (hpg) mice - physiology and neurobiology. | The hypogonadal (hpg) mouse mutant has a deletion in the region encoding the hypothalamic gonadotrophic hormone-releasing hormone decapeptide. As a consequence pituitary gonadotrophic hormone synthesis and release is severely curtailed and there is little or no post-natal gonadal development. Grafts of late fetal/early... |
2,321,502 | Concentrations of fosfomycin in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurointensive care patients with ventriculostomy-associated ventriculitis. | The present study was performed to test the ability of fosfomycin to penetrate into the CSF of neurointensive care patients with ventriculostomy-associated ventriculitis.</AbstractText>Six patients requiring neurointensive care monitoring, including extraventricular drainage due to secondary obstructive hydrocephalus, ... |
2,321,503 | Attenuation of chronic neuroinflammation by a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of the antioxidant ferulic acid. | Chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease and represent targets for therapy. Ferulic acid is a natural compound that expresses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Nitric oxide is also a key modulator of inflammatory responses. Grafti... |
2,321,504 | Carnosine uptake in rat choroid plexus primary cell cultures and choroid plexus whole tissue from PEPT2 null mice. | PEPT2 is functionally active and localized to the apical membrane of rat choroid plexus epithelial cells. However, little is known about the transport mechanisms of endogenous neuropeptides in choroid plexus, and the role of PEPT2 in this process. In the present study, we examined the uptake kinetics of carnosine in ra... |
2,321,505 | Periventricular low intensities on fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging in the newborn infant: relationships to the clinical data and long-term outcome. | The author's previous study showed that it is possible to predict the severity of white matter injury in early infancy by using fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. A follow-up study was performed in order to assess the correlation between the incidence of periventricular low intensities on FLAIR imagin... |
2,321,506 | Periventricular low intensities on fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging in the newborn infant: Relationships to chronic white matter lesions. | Neurological disadvantages due to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are still very serious problems. In order to support the infant with HIE, it is important to evaluate the severity of the brain injury early. The authors performed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the neonatal brain in order to assess th... |
2,321,507 | Emerging tumor entities and variants of CNS neoplasms. | Since the appearance in 2000 of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms, numerous descriptions of new entities or variants have appeared in the literature. In the group of neuronal and mixed glioneuronal neoplasms are lesions with distinctive morphological features ... |
2,321,508 | [Central nervous system tumours in childhood: their clinical pathological aspects]. | Paediatric tumours affecting the central nervous system (CNS) constitute the second most frequent group of tumours at this age. Taking the WHO 2000 classification as our starting point, our intention was to describe the more important clinical and pathological features in the differential diagnosis of the different tum... |
2,321,509 | [Unilateral open lip schizencephaly between central sulcus and third ventricle]. | Imaging findings of schizencephaly as well as other neuronal migration anomalies have been well described. We present brain MR images of a 12-year-old boy who had open lip schizencephaly in which the transcerebral cleft extended between the third ventricle and the pial surface of the hemisphere. There were also other a... |
2,321,510 | p73 and Reelin in Cajal-Retzius cells of the developing human hippocampal formation. | In the fetal human hippocampus, Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells coexpress p73, a p53-family member involved in cell survival and apoptosis, and the glycoprotein reelin, crucial for radial migration. We distinguish two populations of putative CR cells. (1). p73/reelin expressing cells appear around 10 gestational weeks (GW) at... |
2,321,511 | Effects of heat shock protein 70 activation by metabolic inhibition preconditioning or kappa-opioid receptor stimulation on Ca2+ homeostasis in rat ventricular myocytes subjected to ischemic insults. | Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mediates delayed cardioprotection of preconditioning. Cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)])(i) overload precipitates injury, whereas attenuation of [Ca(2+)](i) overload is believed to be responsible for cardioprotection. There is evidence suggesting a link between HSP70 and [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis.... |
2,321,512 | [B-type natriuretic peptide]. | B-type natriuretic peptide is a neurohormone synthesized in the cardiac ventricles upon ventricular pressure overload and ventricular dilatation. This peptide with many favourable physiological properties has emerged as important candidate for development of diagnosis and prognostic tools and therapeutic agents in card... |
2,321,513 | Loss of striatal dopaminergic fibers after intraventricular injection of tetrahydrobiopterin in rat brain. | We have reported previously that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an obligatory cofactor for dopamine synthesis, exerts preferential toxicity on dopamine producing cells. We report in the present study that BH4 injection into the lateral ventricle leads to degeneration of the dopaminergic terminals in the striatum, evidenced... |
2,321,514 | Antagonism of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus of male rats induces penile erection. | The effect of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists and antagonists on penile erection was studied in male rats when injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxyamide] (0.5-5 microg) induced penile... |
2,321,515 | Abnormalities of the corpus callosum in nonpsychotic children with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. | Chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with elevated rates of schizophrenia and other psychoses in adulthood. Childhood morphologic brain abnormalities are frequently reported, but the significance of these and their relationship to the development of schizophrenia are unclear. We sought to delineat... |
2,321,516 | Second trimester choroid plexus cysts and trisomy 18. | In this study, the aims were to reveal the incidence of isolated choroid plexus cyst in our population, and to discuss the accuracy of distinguishing either an isolated or non-isolated choroid plexus cyst.</AbstractText>The study population was consisted of 10594 pregnant women. The patients with choroid plexus cysts w... |
2,321,517 | Do hematopoietic cells exposed to a neurogenic environment mimic properties of endogenous neural precursors? | Hematopoietic progenitors are cells, which under challenging experimental conditions can develop unusual phenotypic properties, rather distant from their original mesodermal origin. As previously reported, cells derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) or human bone marrow (BM) under certain in vivo or in vitro c... |
2,321,518 | Endogenous adult neural stem cells: limits and potential to repair the injured central nervous system. | Mitotic activity persists in various regions of the adult mammal CNS. While evidences of neurogenesis appeared, many studies focused on the features of the adult stem cells from germinative areas such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the cortex, the fourth vent... |
2,321,519 | PACAP promotes neural stem cell proliferation in adult mouse brain. | In recent years, it has become evident that neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain continuously generate new neurons, mainly in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Although different growth factors have been shown to stimulate neurogenesis in the adult brain, very little is known about the role of neuropeptides... |
2,321,520 | Ciliary neurotrophic factor and leptin induce distinct patterns of immediate early gene expression in the brain. | Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leptin decrease food intake and body weight. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent exogenous pyrogen and produces anorexia via cytokine production. CNTF-, leptin-, and LPS-induced cytokines all act on type I cytokine receptors. However, it is not known if these cytokines engage sim... |
2,321,521 | Unusual presentations of cerebral solitary fibrous tumors: report of four cases. | Four rare cases of central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors (C-SoFTs) are described. This tumor has not previously been reported in children or in deep cortical structures. Three of these tumors occurred in the posterior fossa. Only four cases in the posterior fossa have been described previously. Nine years afte... |
2,321,522 | G protein-coupled receptor-dependent development of human frontal cortex. | The mammalian cerebral cortex is characterized by complex patterns of anatomical and functional areas that differ markedly between species, but the molecular basis for this functional subdivision is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutations in GPR56, which encodes an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a ... |
2,321,523 | Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors underlie increased motor behaviors induced in dopamine-depleted rats by intrastriatal 5-HT2A/2C agonism. | Gene expression studies have suggested that dopamine (DA) depletion increases the sensitivity of striatal direct pathway neurons to the effects of serotonin (5-HT) via the 5-HT(2) receptor. The present study examined the possible influence(s) of 5-HT(2A) or 5-HT(2C) receptor-mediated signaling locally within the striat... |
2,321,524 | Role of hippocampal CA3 mu-opioid receptors in spatial learning and memory. | The dorsal CA3 region of the hippocampus is unique in its connectivity, sensitivity to neurotoxic lesions, and its ability to encode and retrieve episodic memories. Computational models of the CA3 region predict that blocking mossy-fiber and/or perforant path activity to CA3 would cause impairments in learning and reca... |
2,321,525 | Exogenous NO triggers preconditioning via a cGMP- and mitoKATP-dependent mechanism. | Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) triggers a preconditioning-like effect in heart via a pathway that is dependent on reactive oxygen species. This study examined the signaling pathway by which the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 2 microM) triggers its anti-infarct effect. Isolated rabbit hearts experienced 30... |
2,321,526 | Evidence that paraventricular nucleus oxytocin neurons link hypothalamic leptin action to caudal brain stem nuclei controlling meal size. | Hindbrain projections of oxytocin neurons in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (pPVN) are hypothesized to transmit leptin signaling from the hypothalamus to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract are received. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that an an... |
2,321,527 | Ion channels in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus isolated from the lateral ventricle of rat brain. | Whole-cell patch clamp methods were used to determine the expression of ion channels in the epithelial cells of choroid plexus isolated from the lateral ventricle of the rat brain. A single population of cells with a mean capacitance of 61.5+/-1.7 pF was identified in 103 recordings. This value is significantly greater... |
2,321,528 | Intermittent nicotine administration modulates food intake in rats by acting on nicotine receptors localized to the brainstem. | Previous studies have shown nicotine (NIC) administration leads to decreased food intake, while other investigations have reported that NIC stimulates c-Fos expression in the brainstem. Whether there is a causal relationship between NIC effects on ingestion and its effect on brainstem neurons is uncertain, however we h... |
2,321,529 | NOVOcan: a molecular link among selected glial cells. | The nervous system is generated from cells lining the ventricular system. Our understanding of the fate potentials and lineage relationships of these cells is being re-evaluated, both because of recent demonstrations that radial glia can generate neurons and because of the identification of fate-determining genes. A va... |
2,321,530 | Informatics center for mouse genomics: the dissection of complex traits of the nervous system. | In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of tools and techniques available to researchers interested in exploring the genetic basis of all aspects of central nervous system (CNS) development and function. Here, we exploit a powerful new reductionist approach to explore the genetic basis of the very si... |
2,321,531 | Frequent vaccination and immune complex deposition in unilateral nephrectomized mice. | The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increased number and frequency of vaccination on immune complex deposition in the choroid plexus and glomeruli of non-nephrectomized and unilateral nephrectomized mice. Fifty-five non-nephrectomized, 40 nephrectomized, and 7 control Swiss albino mice were used. Hal... |
2,321,532 | K+ channels in cardiomyocytes of the pulmonate snail helix. | We used the patch-clamp technique to identify and characterize the electrophysiological, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of K(+) channels in enzymatically dissociated ventricular cells of the land pulmonate snail Helix. The family of outward K(+) currents started to activate at -30 mV and the activation was... |
2,321,533 | The effects of alfentanil on cytosolic Ca(2+) and contraction in rat ventricular myocytes. | Previous investigations of the effects of potent opioid analgesics on the heart have concentrated on effects on contraction magnitude and time course, but little is known about their effects on cytosolic Ca(2+) regulation in cardiac tissue. In this study, we sought to assess the effects of alfentanil on contractility a... |
2,321,534 | Genomic and non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids on aggressive behavior in male rats. | An increasing body of evidence suggests that glucocorticoids--besides their well-known genomic effects--can affect neuronal function via mechanisms that do not involve the genome. Data obtained mainly in amphibians and birds suggest that such mechanisms play a role in the control of behavior. Acute glucocorticoid treat... |
2,321,535 | Central administration of ghrelin stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion via the vagus in conscious rats. | Ghrelin, a novel growth-hormone releasing peptide, was originally isolated from rat and human stomach. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that ghrelin-immunoreactive neurons were localized in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. The function of the digestive organs is controlled from the central nervous system, and the... |
2,321,536 | Cell-volume regulation by swelling-activated chloride current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. | The cell-volume regulation by swelling-activated Cl- current (I(Cl,swell)) was studied in guinea pig ventricular myocytes, using a microscopic video-image analysis. We have previously shown that in ventricular cells depolarized in high-K+ ([K+]o>45 mM) solution, an activation of the cyclic AMP-dependent Cl- current ... |
2,321,537 | Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the choroid mimicking intraventricular meningioma. | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the choroid plexus is a rare condition and can be easily confused with meningioma.</AbstractText>A 61-year-old female presented with progressive neurologic deterioration and MRI findings of obstructive hydrocephalus and a homogeneously contrast enhancing 3 cm oval mass in the trigone ... |
2,321,538 | Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the cerebellum: report of two infantile cases. | Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the CNS is an aggressive infantile neoplasm of uncertain origin. In our two infantile cases, this tumor presented as a bulky cerebellar hemispheric mass with significant mass effect to the fourth ventricle and brain stem. Although the attenuation on CT and signal intensity characteri... |
2,321,539 | Quantitative assessment of parenchymal and ventricular readjustment to intracranial pressure relief. | A 26-year-old patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. 3D volume data sets were obtained at 3 T before surgery and three times after surgery. Off-line analysis of individual imaging data (initial linear registration, intensity adjustment, and final nonlinear reg... |
2,321,540 | Immunohistochemical localization of phospholipase D2 in embryonic rat brain. | The present study has characterized the cellular and temporal localization of the phospholipase D2 (PLD2) protein in the embryonic rat brain, using immunohistochemistry. PLD2 immunoreactivity was first observed in the choroid plexus and in the most ventricular zone of the lateral and third ventricles at embryonic day 1... |
2,321,541 | Leptin attenuates the acute effects of centrally administered neuropeptide Y on somatotropin but not gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized cows. | We tested the hypothesis that recombinant ovine leptin would attenuate the acute effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on secretion of GH and gonadotropins (LH and FSH) in cows. Ovariectomized cows (n=6) fitted with third ventricle guide cannulas were assigned randomly to each of three groups in a Latin square arrangement: (... |
2,321,542 | Neuropeptide Y in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the teleost, Clarias batrachus. | Distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the forebrain of catfish Clarias batrachus was examined with immunocytochemistry. Conspicuous immunoreactivity was seen in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), their projections in the olfactory nerve, fascicles of the olfactory nerve layer in the peripher... |
2,321,543 | Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in ependymal cells during early postnatal development. | Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity was observed in ependymal cell layer of the central canal of spinal cord of neonatal rats (2-20 days old). Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was present in postnatal day 2 and this immunoreactivity gradually disappeared by postnatal day 16. The progre... |
2,321,544 | Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: new mechanisms and new treatment. | Post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is associated with a high rate of disability, multiple impairments and adverse effects of shunt surgery for hydrocephalus. Post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation results initially from multiple small blood clots throughout the cerebrospinal fluid channels impeding circulation ... |
2,321,545 | Motor evoked potential monitoring for spinal cord and brain stem surgery. | Intraoperative Neurophysiology (ION) has established itself as one of the means by which modern neurosurgery can improve surgical results while minimizing morbidity. The advent of motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring represents a landmark in this recent progress. ION consists of monitoring (the continuous "on-line" ... |
2,321,546 | Convection-enhanced delivery of paclitaxel for the treatment of recurrent malignant glioma: a phase I/II clinical study. | A minority of patients with recurrent glioblastomas multiforme (GBMs) responds to systemic chemotherapy. The authors investigated the safety and efficacy of intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of paclitaxel in patients harboring histologically confirmed recurrent GBMs and anaplastic astrocytomas.</AbstractT... |
2,321,547 | Intracerebroventricular physostigmine facilitates heat loss mechanisms in running rats. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of central cholinergic transmission in the regulation of metabolic rate, core temperature, and heat storage in untrained rats submitted to exercise on a treadmill (20 m/min, 5% inclination) until fatigue. The animals were separated into eight experimental groups, ... |
2,321,548 | Morphine withdrawal-induced c-fos expression in the heart: a peripheral mechanism. | We previously demonstrated that hyperactivity of cardiac noradrenergic pathways observed during morphine withdrawal is mediated by peripheral mechanisms. In the present study, naloxone methiodide (quaternary derivative of naloxone that does not cross the blood-brain barrier) and naloxone were administered to morphine-d... |
2,321,549 | Effects of terpenoid phenol derivatives on calcium current in canine and human ventricular cardiomyocytes. | Concentration-dependent (10-1000 microM) effects of terpenoid phenol derivatives were studied on L-type Ca(2+) current in isolated canine and human ventricular cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell configuration of patch clamp technique. Carvacrol, thymol and eugenol suppressed peak Ca(2+) current at +5 mV, having EC(50)... |
2,321,550 | A lethal association of congenital apnea with brainstem tegmental necrosis. | We present a female with premature birth, polyhydramnios, congenital apnea, cranial nerve palsies, orofacial and limb anomalies. Neuroimaging revealed calcifications along the vental margin of the caudal fourth ventricle. Neuropathologic findings at postmortem examination were consistent with brainstem tegmental necros... |
2,321,551 | Forskolin promotes astroglial differentiation of human central neurocytoma cells. | Human central neurocytoma is a kind of the brain tumors that are usually found in anterior part of the lateral ventricles. In this study, we established conditions that allowed proliferation of neurocytoma cells culture and analyzed characteristics of neurocytoma cells in vitro. For in vitro, a condition that used for ... |
2,321,552 | Post-translational modifications of tubulin and microtubule stability in adult rat ventricular myocytes and immortalized HL-1 cardiomyocytes. | Little is known about the subcellular distribution and the dynamics of tubulins in adult cardiac myocytes although both are modified during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Using confocal microscopy, we examined post-translational modifications of tubulin in fully differentiated ventricular myocytes isolated from... |
2,321,553 | Coexistence of prothrombic risk factors and its relation to left ventricular thrombus in acute myocardial infarction. | Within the last few years a number of thrombophilic mutations have been identified. Pre-symptomatic testing for these established genetic risk factors identifies individuals predisposed to a disease and often allows to select suitable prophylactic interventions in time. We investigated whether or not the prothrombin G2... |
2,321,554 | Organic cation transporter 3 (Slc22a3) is implicated in salt-intake regulation. | Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are carrier-type permeases known to participate in general detoxification functions in peripheral tissues. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that OCTs ensure Uptake2, a low-affinity, corticosteroid-sensitive catecholamine removal system, which was characterized initially in sym... |
2,321,555 | Neural stem cells show bidirectional experience-dependent plasticity in the perinatal mammalian brain. | Many of the effects of prenatal stress on the endocrine function, brain morphology, and behavior in mammals can be reversed by brief sessions of postnatal separation and handling. We have tested the hypothesis that the effects of both the prenatal and postnatal experiences are mediated by negative and positive regulati... |
2,321,556 | Destruction of choroid plexus cells in vitro: a new concept for the treatment of hydrocephalus? | The current treatment of hydrocephalus using ventriculoperitoneal shunts and third ventriculostomies remains problematic. We revisited the concept of destruction of the choroid plexus for the treatment of hydrocephalus by using an immunotoxin-based technique to specifically destroy this tissue. This approach was based ... |
2,321,557 | Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the third ventricle. | A 16-year-old boy presented to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences hospital with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. A CT scan showed obstructive hydrocephalus from a large posterior third ventricle mass lesion. The patient underwent a subtotal resection of the tumour, followed by radiotherapy. ... |
2,321,558 | Enucleation in psychosis associated with aqueductal stenosis. | Reports of self-enucleation are frequent in medical literature, but cases of enucleation towards another are rare. We report the case of a man, 20 years of age, who suffered from psychosis with hydrocephalus and aqueductal stenosis that required a forensic psychiatric investigation to ascertain whether he was of unsoun... |
2,321,559 | Diffusion MRI findings in neonatal brain abscess. | In neonates and infants, bacterial brain abscess is rare, and the diffusion weighted MR imaging appearance of such abscesses has not been reported. We report the diffusion weighted MR findings of a brain abscess in a 25-day-old boy. The lesion initially had a large cystic component with some high-signal pyogenic materi... |
2,321,560 | Spinal dysraphism: MR imaging rationale. | Spinal cord development occurs through the three consecutive periods of gastrulation (weeks 2-3), primary neurulation (weeks 3-4), and secondary neurulation (weeks 5-6). Spinal cord malformations derive from defects in these early embryonic stages, and are collectively called spinal dysraphisms. Spinal dysraphisms may ... |
2,321,561 | Late onset MLD with normal nerve conduction associated with two novel missense mutations in the ASA gene. | Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) rarely has its clinical onset in young adults, with a combination of cognitive and behavioural symptoms and peripheral neuropathy. Here we present an exceptional case with very late onset at 42 years of age and no clinical or neurophysiological sign of peripheral neuropathy. Molecular... |
2,321,562 | Hippocampal size and memory function in the ninth and tenth decades of life: the Sydney Older Persons Study. | The purpose of this study was to define magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates of normal brain ageing, with the specific objective of investigating whether the size of the hippocampus is selectively correlated with age related memory performance in non-demented individuals in their ninth and tenth decades of life.... |
2,321,563 | Intraparenchymal nerve growth factor improves behavioral deficits while minimizing the adverse effects of intracerebroventricular delivery. | Nerve growth factor (NGF) delivered via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion restores behavioral and biochemical deficits in animal models of cholinergic hypofunction. However, ICV infusion of NGF induces an array of adverse events including weight loss, thermal hyperalgesia, and Schwann cell hyperplasia. We compared... |
2,321,564 | Intraventricular congenital lesions and colloid cysts. | Intraventricular congenital lesions and colloid cysts comprise a rather large spectrum of different pathologic conditions. In most cases, treatment in not warranted unless there is progressive ventricular obstruction with hydrocephalus or growth of the lesion itself, making tissue biopsy and histopathologic diagnosis n... |
2,321,565 | Surgical resection of metastatic intraventricular tumors. | The ventricle is a rare site of brain metastases. Renal cell carcinoma has a higher propensity to metastasize to the ventricle compared with more common metastatic tumors (e.g., lung cancer). The trigone is the predominant location for intraventricular metastases, presumably because of the high concentration of choroid... |
2,321,566 | Intraventricular gliomas. | Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and those within or relating to the ventricular surface represent a less common but important subcategory. The most common intraventricular gliomas include ependymomas, SEs, and SEGAs. Other less common varieties have been reported, including chordoid gliomas, ... |
2,321,567 | Intraventricular meningiomas. | Intraventricular meningiomas are most often seen in the lateral ventricles of adults, more often on the left than on the right. A variety of surgical approaches can be selected depending on patient and tumor factors as well as on surgeon preference. Some of these approaches are complex and demand a thorough understandi... |
2,321,568 | Endoscopic adjuncts to intraventricular surgery. | Recently, endoscopic intraventricular surgery has been performed successfully in several clinical series. Although the therapeutic results must be compared with conventional surgery, neuroendoscopy seems to be a safe surgical technique when performed by surgeons with appropriate experience and refined endoscopic tools.... |
2,321,569 | Surgical approaches to posterior third ventricular tumors. | A variety of surgical approaches to the posterior third ventricle and pineal region exist. The choice of approach is influenced by the exact location of the lesion, its expected pathologic findings, and the comfort level of the operating surgeon with the approach that is being considered. For most pineal region masses ... |
2,321,570 | Surgical approaches to tumors of the lateral ventricle. | Lateral ventricular tumors are rare lesions of the central nervous system, and because most tumors are benign or low grade, permanent cure can be achieved with complete removal. After adequate preoperative imaging discloses a lateral ventricular mass, the neurosurgeon has several options to choose from when determining... |
2,321,571 | Intraventricular neurocytomas. | The literature to date on the treatment of CNC reflects an evolution of clinical practice in neurooncology. The advent of sophisticated tools, such as MRS and molecular pathology, has facilitated more efficient diagnosis of CNC. Decreased morbidity associated with surgical intervention has resulted in better outcomes i... |
2,321,572 | Epidemiology and pathology of intraventricular tumors. | Tumors that primarily or exclusively involve the ventricular system constitute a rare and heterogeneous group. Certain histologic tumor types predominantly occur in children, whereas others are more common in adults. Tumor location provides additional clues to correct diagnosis. When used in conjunction with clinical a... |
2,321,573 | The system of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. Its supposed role in the nonsynaptic signal transmission of the brain. | Recent investigations confirm the importance of nonsynaptic signal transmission in several functions of the nervous tissue. Present in various periventricular brain regions of vertebrates, the system of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons seems to have a special role in taking up, transforming and emitting non... |
2,321,574 | Swelling-activated chloride current is activated in guinea pig cardiomyocytes from endotoxic shock. | Myocardial swelling occurs during endotoxic shock. The hypothesis that swelling-activated Cl- current (ICl,swell) activates during endotoxic shock was tested.</AbstractText>Endotoxic shock was induced by intravenous lipopolysaccharides (10 mg/kg) in guinea pigs. The effects of ICl,swell blockers on the cardiac action p... |
2,321,575 | Effects of chronic endothelin-1 stimulation on cardiac myocyte contractile function. | Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has acute positive inotropic effects, but consequences of chronically increased ET-1 on contractile function of cardiac myocytes are largely unknown. In the present study, effects of long-term treatment with ET-1 (10 nM) for 5 days on both force development [force of contraction (FOC)] and kinetics ... |
2,321,576 | Effects of central vasotocin and mesotocin manipulations on social behavior in male and female zebra finches. | Male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata; total n = 40) were fitted with chronic guide cannulae directed at the lateral ventricle and were tested for aggression, affiliation, and partner preference following infusions of mesotocin (MT), vasotocin (VT), their antagonists, and vehicle control. Aggressive behavi... |
2,321,577 | LSD, 5-HT (serotonin), and the evolution of a behavioral assay. | Research in our laboratory, supported by NIDA and facilitated by Roger Brown, has indicated that serotonergic neuronal systems are involved in the discriminative stimulus effects of LSD. However, the only compounds that fully antagonize the LSD cue act at both serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) receptors. In addition, ... |
2,321,578 | Distribution of neuromedin U receptor subtype 2 mRNA in the rat brain. | Neuromedin U (NMU) is a family of peptides found in the gut and the central nervous system [Neuroscience 25 (1988) 797; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 130 (1985) 1078]. While several peripheral activities such as uterus stimulating and hypertensive effects have been described for NMU [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 130... |
2,321,579 | A novel mRNA expressed along brain ventricles. | The present descriptive study shows the expression pattern of an mRNA, IIIG9, whose most striking expression is seen along the lining of all four ventricles of the adult rat brain. Lower levels of expression are evident in other areas of the brain, notably in cortex, hippocampus, and various thalamic, hypothalamic and ... |
2,321,580 | Interleukin-1 beta inhibits Na+-K+ ATPase activity and protein expression in cardiac myocytes. | Recent studies have shown that heart diseases are always accompanied with high levels of IL-1beta and a decrease in Na+-K+ ATPase concentrations. This work studies the involvement of the cytokine in the observed changes in the pump. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 400 mg of IL-1beta and 4 h later, the heart w... |
2,321,581 | Intractable vomiting as an early clinical symptom of cerebrospinal fluid seeding to the fourth ventricle in patients with high-grade astrocytoma. | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seeing of high-grade astrocytoma is common, but the early clinical symptoms are not well characterized. Here, we report five patients with disseminated high-grade astrocytoma in the fourth ventricle region who presented with intractable vomiting prior to the detection of the metastatic deposit... |
2,321,582 | Ganglioneurocytoma of the third ventricle. | We present a very rare case of an intracranial ganglioneurocytoma. This 57-year-old female patient noticed some concentration difficulties for about 5 months. Visual acuity was 80% on both sides. CT and MRI of her head demonstrated a 3 x 2.5 x 2.8 cm3 lesion within the third ventricle with inhomogenous enhancement of c... |
2,321,583 | [Effects of one Chinese herbs on improving cognitive function and memory of Alzheimer's disease mouse models]. | To investigate Chinese herbs with the effect on significantly improving the cognitive function and retention of patients with Alzheimer's disease.</AbstractText>AD mouse models were established by injecting poly-beta-AP25-35 into the cerebral ventricle of mice. The curative effects of traditional Chinese herbs Dangguis... |
2,321,584 | Cavum septum pellucidum in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder. | Abnormally large cavum septum pellucidum has been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder; however, the origin of this association is uncertain.</AbstractText>We utilized magnetic resonance imaging to measure cavum septum pellucidum in pairs of identical twins discordant for combat exposure in Vietnam.</AbstractText>... |
2,321,585 | T-box binding sites are required for activity of a cardiac GATA-4 enhancer. | GATA-4 is a key regulator of a poorly understood cardiac morphogenetic program. We used genomic regions of the GATA-4 gene to target GFP expression to the developing heart of living fish. In these fish, GFP-expressing cells in the lateral plate mesoderm form two tubes that migrate ventrally to fuse into a linear heart ... |
2,321,586 | Role of myocardial hypoxia in the remodeling of the embryonic avian cardiac outflow tract. | The embryonic cardiac outflow myocardium originates from a secondary heart-forming field to connect the developing ventricles with the aortic sac. The outflow tract (OFT) subsequently undergoes complex remodeling in the transition of the embryo to a dual circulation. In avians, elimination of OFT cardiomyocytes by apop... |
2,321,587 | Effectiveness of transient immunosuppression using cyclosporine for xenomyoblast transplantation for cardiac repair. | We studied the survival of human myoblast for cellular myocardial reconstruction in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia with immune tolerance using transient immunosuppression. A porcine model of chronic cardiac ischemia was created in 10 pigs (DMEM medium-injected n = 4; myoblast transplanted n = 6) by clam... |
2,321,588 | Analytical and clinical evaluation of the Bayer ADVIA Centaur automated B-type natriuretic peptide assay in patients with heart failure: a multisite study. | B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released from the left ventricle of the heart into the circulation in response to ventricular stretching and volume overload. Increased BNP concentrations are associated with heart failure (HF).</AbstractText>We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the Bayer ADVIA Cen... |
2,321,589 | Longitudinal progression of subclinical structural brain disease in normal aging. | The authors describe four types of brain structural change in "normal aging:" cortical atrophy, central atrophy, deep white-matter hyperintensities (DWMH), and periventricular hyperintensities (PVH). Cross-sectional investigations have reported that greater volumes of these forms of "subclinical structural brain diseas... |
2,321,590 | The relationship between perisylvian morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. | Although children with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with reduced short-term memory functioning, the relationship between perisylvian morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning has received limited attention. Thus, examining this relationship in children with neurodevelopmental disorders was ... |
2,321,591 | Rat brain arachidonic acid metabolism is increased by a 6-day intracerebral ventricular infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. | In a rat model of acute neuroinflammation, produced by a 6-day intracerebral ventricular infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we measured brain activities and protein levels of three phospholipases A2 (PLA2) and of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and -2, and quantified other aspects of brain phospholipid and fatty acid me... |
2,321,592 | Scalp tumour as a sign of systemic B-cell lymphoma. | An 86-year-old man presented with a painful reddish tumour on the scalp with a 3-month history, mental confusion with recent onset and lymphadenopathies. Histological examination of the lymph node and cutaneous lesion revealed a dense infiltrate of atypical and large B cells. There was no evidence of bone marrow invasi... |
2,321,593 | The role of ultrasonography in recognizing the cause of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly. | Dilatation of the fetal cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly) is a generic sonographic sign common to several pathological entities carrying different prognoses. The main causes of fetal ventriculomegaly are aqueductal stenosis, Chiari II malformation, Dandy-Walker complex and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Ventricu... |
2,321,594 | [Effects of low-G preconditioning on contractive ability of left ventricle and contents of endothelin and prostacycline in myocardium of rats after repeated +10 Gz stress]. | To further test the protective effect of low-G pre-conditioning on +Gz stress induced cardiac damage.</AbstractText>Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=14 for each group): group A (+1 Gz group), group B (+10 Gz group) and group C (low-G pre-conditioning group). The rats in group B were exp... |
2,321,595 | Hydrocephalus due to diffuse villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus. Case report and review of the literature. | Diffuse villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus (DVHCP) that causes hydrocephalus by overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid is a very rare lesion and difficult to diagnose initially. We present a male infant who was diagnosed with communicating hydrocephalus at 16 months of age and treated initially by ventriculoperit... |
2,321,596 | Distinct subcellular localization of different sodium channel alpha and beta subunits in single ventricular myocytes from mouse heart. | Voltage-gated sodium channels composed of pore-forming alpha and auxiliary beta subunits are responsible for the rising phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle, but their localizations have not yet been clearly defined.</AbstractText>Immunocytochemical studies show that the principal cardiac alpha subunit isofo... |
2,321,597 | Lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase expression in mouse brain: regional distribution and selective induction following kainic acid-induced lesion and focal cerebral ischemia. | Lipoprotein and endothelial lipases are members of the triglyceride lipase gene family. These genes are expressed in the brain, where the encoded proteins are fulfilling functions that have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the distribution of their respective mRNAs in the C57BL/6 mouse brain by in situ ... |
2,321,598 | Role of central 5-HT2 receptors in mediating head bobs and body shakes in the rabbit. | Systemic administration of the 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist DOI [(1(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane)hydrochloride] in rabbits elicits head bobs and body shakes, which are mediated by 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors, respectively. This study was designed to determine whether the receptors mediating these behaviors are... |
2,321,599 | Detection of brain oedema using magnetic induction tomography: a feasibility study of the likely sensitivity and detectability. | The detection and continuous monitoring of brain oedema is of particular interest in clinical applications because existing methods (invasive measurement of the intracranial pressure) may cause considerable distress for the patients. A new non-invasive method for continuous monitoring of an oedema promises the use of m... |
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