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2,321,600 | Relationship between the contents of adrenomedullin and distributions of neutral endopeptidase in blood and tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a multifunctional peptide with important roles in the cardiovascular system, especially in the adjustment of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. ADM is present in plasma, organs and tissues, and its activity increases during hypertension. It remains unknown whether the clearance of this peptid... |
2,321,601 | Genistein, a phytoestrogen, effectively modulates luteinizing hormone and prolactin secretion in ovariectomized ewes during seasonal anestrus. | Through binding with estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens, plant-derived estrogen-like compounds, affect numerous reproductive functions. It is not known whether these compounds are capable of evoking effective changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in ewes by acting directly within the central... |
2,321,602 | Suppression of longitudinal increase in CSF F2-isoprostanes in Alzheimer's disease. | We report the first longitudinal analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) F2-isoprostanes (IsoPs), quantitative in vivo biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). CSF F2-IsoPs (i) were significantly increased in patients followed over one year, (ii) correlated with some clinical indi... |
2,321,603 | Relationship between contents of adrenomedullin and distributions of neutral endopeptidase in blood and tissues of rats in septic shock. | Adrenomedullin (ADM), a multifunction peptide with important roles in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis, has the vasodilatory properties and is of particular interest in the pathophysiology of sepsis. ADM levels in plasma and tissues are regulated by the proteolysis of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), the major enzyme ... |
2,321,604 | Severe complications after intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) for treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). | Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and highly malignant tumor with increasing incidence. Survival has improved with the use of nonsurgical treatment modalities, of which methotrexate (MTX)-based intrathecal chemotherapy has been an important option. Here, we describe devastating complications in ... |
2,321,605 | The effects of monobromobimane on neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. | Calcium accumulation and free radical formation in the mitochondria are suggested to result in opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that may be an initial step in neuronal cell death. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether monobromobimane (MBM) was a possible protective agent aga... |
2,321,606 | For the long run: maintaining germinal niches in the adult brain. | The adult mammalian brain retains neural stem cells that continually generate new neurons within two restricted regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Though these cellular populations are spatially isolated and subserve different... |
2,321,607 | CSF-contacting epithelia in altered gravity: changes in apical structures and water channels expression. | Apical cytoskeletal structures and water channels are affected in both choroidal and ependymal cells lining the cerebral ventricles. Structural alterations and changes in expression of AQPI and AQP4, evaluated by immuno-cytochemistry and in situ hybridization confirm the impact of variations in gravity in CSF-lining ep... |
2,321,608 | Responses of rat left ventricle cardiomyocytes to constant 2G-hypergravity. | 2G-hypergravity during 33-days led to hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes (CMC) in rat left ventricle accompanied by capillary number and diameter growth. CMC ultrastructure was normal at all experimental stages. Number of intermitochondrial junctions (IMJ) rose after 33 days of 2G in subsarcolemmal pericapillary zone of CMC... |
2,321,609 | Postnatal glucocorticoid exposure alters the adult phenotype. | We examined the effect of six doses of dexamethasone (Dex) administered daily (2-7 days of age) to postnatal rats on body weight gain, food and water intake, peripheral hormonal/metabolic milieu, and hypothalamic neuropeptides that regulate food intake. We observed a Dex-induced acute (3 days of age) suppression of end... |
2,321,610 | Adenovirally expressed noggin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor cooperate to induce new medium spiny neurons from resident progenitor cells in the adult striatal ventricular zone. | Neurogenesis from endogenous progenitor cells in the adult forebrain ventricular wall may be induced by the local viral overexpression of cognate neuronal differentiation agents, in particular BDNF. Here, we show that the overexpression of noggin, by acting to inhibit glial differentiation by subependymal progenitor ce... |
2,321,611 | The effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of prolactin in luteinizing hormone, testosterone and growth hormone secretion in male sheep. | This study tested a hypothesis that the enhancement of the prolactin (PRL) concentration within the central nervous system (CNS) disturbs pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in rams that are in the natural breeding season. A 3h long intracerebroventricular (icv.) infusion of ovine PRL (... |
2,321,612 | Effects of melatonin on luteinizing hormone secretion in anestrous ewes following dopamine and opiate receptor blockade. | In the present investigation we have examined the ability of melatonin to modify the pulsatile LH secretion induced by treatment with a DA antagonist (sulpiride, SULP) or opioid antagonist (naloxone, NAL) in intact mid-anestrous ewes. The experimental design comprised the following treatments-in experiment 1: (1) intra... |
2,321,613 | Proteomic analysis of human ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from neurologically normal, elderly subjects using two-dimensional LC-MS/MS. | A two-dimensional liquid chromatography separation scheme coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2-D LC-MS/MS) was utilized to profile the proteome of human CSF. Ventricular CSF samples acquired post-mortem from 10 cognitively normal elderly subjects (mean +/- SEM Braak stage = 1.7 +/- 0.2) were analyzed to determine the... |
2,321,614 | Interleukin-6-induced reciprocal expression of SERCA and natriuretic peptides mRNA in cultured rat ventricular myocytes. | We investigated the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA levels in cultured rat neonatal ventricular myocytes. IL-6 plays a key role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and the development... |
2,321,615 | Magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted images of cystic meningioma: correlating with histopathology. | Cystic meningiomas are quite rare, accounting for between 2% and 4% of all intracranial meningiomas. To better understand all the types of cystic meningiomas with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and histopathology, we attempted to correlate the MRI and DWI features of cystic meningiom... |
2,321,616 | [Morphometric analysis of epitheliocytes in the choroid plexus of brain ventricles in rat ontogenesis]. | Light and dark epitheliocytes of choroid plexus were studied by morphometric methods in lateral and III ventricle of rat's brain during development. Investigations were performed on semithin sections using point-counting method with combined ocular test-system for linear and planimetric measurements. The results obtain... |
2,321,617 | Neurogenesis in the subependymal layer of the adult rat: a role for neuroactive derivatives of progesterone. | The subependymal layer (SEL) of the adult mammalian brain provides a continuous supply of newborn cells that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into interneurons. These newly generated cells migrate tangentially to the OB within a dense meshwork of astrocytic cells, organized to form tangential... |
2,321,618 | Neuroanatomic variation in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for the narrow phenotype for autism. | The broader autism phenotype includes relatives of individuals with autism who display social and language deficits that are qualitatively similar to those of autism but less severe. In previous studies of monozygotic twins discordant for autism, more than 75% of the twins without autism displayed the broader phenotype... |
2,321,619 | Anatomy of the brainstem. | Understanding the anatomy of the brainstem is essential when evaluating disorders of swallowing and breathing. We present a review of the neuroanatomy of the brainstem and related cranial nerves. |
2,321,620 | Second-trimester sonography and trisomy 18: the significance of isolated choroid plexus cysts after an examination that includes the fetal hands. | To estimate the risk of trisomy 18 with the finding of isolated choroid plexus cysts after a standard sonographic examination that is extended to include the fetal hands.</AbstractText>Aretrospective chart review was performed on all fetuses with choroid plexus cysts on second-trimester sonographic examinations. When c... |
2,321,621 | Regulation by insulin and insulin-like growth factor of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in primary ependymal cell cultures. | Ependymal cells have been reported to express the facilitative glucose carriers GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT4, as well as glucokinase. They are therefore speculated to be part of the cerebral glucose sensing system and may also respond to insulin with alterations in their glucose uptake rate. A cell culture model was employe... |
2,321,622 | AZT inhibits Visna/maedi virus-induced apoptosis. | Visna/maedi virus (VMV) causes severe encephalitis and a progressive demyelinating disease in sheep. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that VMV-infection leads to apoptosis in sheep choroid plexus cells (SCPC) via induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways with subsequent activation of caspases. 3' az... |
2,321,623 | Pigmented central neurocytoma. | Central neurocytoma is a low-grade neuronal neoplasm that occurs most often within the lateral ventricles. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with gait problems, headache and memory loss. Preoperative evaluation demonstrated a heterogeneous, hypervascular and partially cystic mass in the left later... |
2,321,624 | [Determining myocardial viability in myocardial infarct. Comparison of single and multisclice MRI techniques with TurboFlash and TrueFISP sequences]. | The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy in imaging viability of the myocardium with a multislice inversions recovery 2D single shot TrueFISP sequence and an established inversion recovery TurboFlash sequence.</AbstractText>Twelve patients with myocardial infarction were examined at a 1.5 tesla MR sy... |
2,321,625 | Cavum septum pellucidum and its increased prevalence in schizophrenia: a neuroembryological classification. | Thirty-two female (mean age=52.9 years [SD=9.2]) patients with a diagnosis of residual schizophrenia and 19 female (mean age=51.1 years [SD=12.7]) control subjects were studied through cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Along the entire surface of the septum pellucidum, 1-mm coronal slices were performed in all subje... |
2,321,626 | Characterization of a range of fura dyes with two-photon excitation. | Two-photon excitation (TPE) spectra of Fura-2, -4F, -6F, -FF, and Furaptra were characterized using a tunable (750-850 nM) ultra-short pulse laser. Two-photon fluorescence of these dyes was studied in free solution and in the cytosol of isolated rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes. The TPE spectra of the Ca(2+)-free and ... |
2,321,627 | [Heart ventricular cells of neonatal rats in a culture: DNA synthesis, ultrastructure and localization of atrial natriuretic peptide]. | We determined the optimal conditions suitable for expanding cardiac cells in vitro for their future use in experimental transplantation into injured myocardium of adult animals. Ventricular cardiac cells were isolated enzymatically from 2-3 day-old rats and cultured at different cell densities within 5-7 days to 4 week... |
2,321,628 | Percutaneous transvenous retrieval of intracardiac port-a-cath catheter fragment: a case report. | A female patient, 36 years of age, with a metastasised left breast cancer received several courses of chemotherapy for aggressive local tumour growth and multiple metastatic activity. In the current patient, surgical ablation of the left breast was carried out. Also loco-regional radio-therapy was conducted. To facilit... |
2,321,629 | Clinical trials in the surgical management of congestive heart failure: surgical ventricular restoration and autologous skeletal myoblast and stem cell cardiomyoplasty. | Despite continued advances in medical and surgical approaches for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a growing cause of morbidity and mortality. Historically, surgical options for end-stage CHF have been limited. However, there are several surgical therapies now under clinical... |
2,321,630 | Hypothalamic melanocortin system regulates sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue. | To clarify the neuronal mechanism of the hypothalamic melanocortin system in regulating energy metabolism, we investigated the effects of centrally administered alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and agouti-related protein (AGRP), an agonist and an antagonist for the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R), respe... |
2,321,631 | Nuclear targeting of Akt enhances kinase activity and survival of cardiomyocytes. | Heart failure is associated with death of cardiomyocytes leading to loss of contractility. Previous studies using membrane-targeted Akt (myristolated-Akt), an enzyme involved in antiapoptotic signaling, showed inhibition of cell death and prevention of pathogenesis induced by cardiomyopathic stimuli. However, recent st... |
2,321,632 | Human mesenchymal stem cells as a gene delivery system to create cardiac pacemakers. | We tested the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to deliver a biological pacemaker to the heart. hMSCs transfected with a cardiac pacemaker gene, mHCN2, by electroporation expressed high levels of Cs+-sensitive current (31.1+/-3.8 pA/pF at -150 mV) activating in the diastolic potential range with reversal ... |
2,321,633 | Rapid perfusion and network remodeling in a microvascular construct after implantation. | We have previously demonstrated the ability to construct 3-dimensional microvascular beds in vitro via angiogenesis from isolated, intact, microvessel fragments that retain endothelial cells and perivascular cells. Our objective was to develop and characterize an experimental model of tissue vascularization, based on t... |
2,321,634 | Cardioprotection by chronic estrogen or superoxide dismutase mimetic treatment in the aged female rat. | Aging and estrogen deficiency increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of CVD and in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We tested the hypothesis that chronic in vivo estrogen treatment or superoxide inhibition with the SOD mimetic EU... |
2,321,635 | Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor alpha and beta immunoreactivities in the forebrain and the midbrain of the female guinea pig. | Estrogen plays an important role in regulating gonadotropin secretion and reproductive behavior. The estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) was believed to be the only receptor which mediated the actions of the hormone until the identification of a novel ER called ERbeta. In the present study, the map of ERalpha immunoreact... |
2,321,636 | Protein profiling in daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. | The aim of this paper was to study the protein remodelling of the left ventricle following repeated administration of either daunorubicin (DNR) or DNR in combination with the cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane (DXZ). The experiment was carried out on three groups of Chinchilla male rabbits: 1. DNR (3 mg/kg i.v.), 2. DN... |
2,321,637 | A quantitative model of the cardiac ventricular cell incorporating the transverse-axial tubular system. | The role of the transverse-axial tubular system (TATS) in electrical activity of cardiac cells has not been investigated quantitatively. In this study a mathematical model including the TATS and differential distribution of ionic transfer mechanisms in peripheral and tubular membranes was described. A model of ventricu... |
2,321,638 | Isolation and morphology of single Purkinje cells from the porcine heart. | Purkinje cells were isolated from both ventricles of young adult domestic pigs and examined by transmitted light or laser scanning confocal microscopy. Purkinje cells in free running Purkinje fibres were organised in multicellular strands where individual cells were tightly connected end-to-end and closely side-to-side... |
2,321,639 | Late appearance of hydrocephalus associated with posttraumatic intradiploic arachnoid cyst. | We present a case of a posttraumatic intradiploic arachnoid cyst associated with hydrocephalus in a 16-year-old boy. The diagnosis was missed 2 years previously, when an MRI following a transient gait disturbance failed to show the intradiploic extension of the cyst. He presented to us with hydrocephalus and a CT scan ... |
2,321,640 | Hydrocephalus due to cerebrospinal fluid overproduction by bilateral choroid plexus papillomas. | A 10-month-old boy, with congenital deafness and blindness associated with chromosomal deletion [46XY, del(13)(q32)], presented with intractable ascites 9 months after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for congenital hydrocephalus. Revision of the ventriculo-atrial shunt resulted in shunt failure 1 month later. External v... |
2,321,641 | Postnatal development in intermittent hypoxia enhances resistance to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in male rats. | To assess the tolerance of rats that developed from birth in intermittent hypoxia (IH) to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we set up a reproducible model in our laboratory. IH rats were raised 60 days from birth in a hypobaric chamber at 5000 m for 6 h daily, while controls were in continuous normoxic conditions. A... |
2,321,642 | Heat shock protein 72 and apoptosis indicate cardiac decompensation during early multiple organ failure in sheep. | Inducible heat shock protein 72 (HSP 72) preserves myocardial function and prevents apoptosis. We investigated the expression and localization of HSP 72 and apoptosis in our previously described new model of multiple organ failure.</AbstractText>Eighteen adult-instrumented sheep and three healthy controls were randomly... |
2,321,643 | Neuroendoscopic stent procedure in obstructive hydrocephalus due to both foramina of monro occluding craniopharyngioma: technical note. | The development of various neuroendoscopic surgical instruments has offered more options for endoscopic procedures in the treatment of intraventricular tumors. Not only tumor biopsy or tumor resection but also restoration of an obstructed cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) pathway can be performed using the same approach.</Ab... |
2,321,644 | Cannabinoid agonist, CP 55,940, facilitates intake of palatable foods when injected into the hindbrain. | Cannabinoids have been shown to influence food intake, and until recently, the neural pathways mediating these effects have remained obscure. It has been previously shown that intracerebroventricular injection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) causes increased consumption of palatable foods in rats, and we... |
2,321,645 | Neuronal primary cilia: a review. | Primary cilia in neurons have often been regarded as rare, vestigial curiosities. However, neuronal cilia are now gaining recognition as ubiquitous organelles in the mammalian brain, raising speculation about what their functions may be. They might have some features tailored for the nervous system and others that serv... |
2,321,646 | Intracerebroventricular leptin regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism. | To elucidate the control of hepatic cholesterol metabolism by leptin, rats were administered IV (intravenous) leptin, ICV (intracerebroventricular) leptin or saline. A single low dose of ICV leptin was as effective as a continuous IV infusion of high-dose leptin at decreasing the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary... |
2,321,647 | Pattern of right ventricular pressure fall and its modulation by afterload. | Pattern of right ventricular pressure (RVP) fall and its afterload dependence were examined by analyzing ventricular pressure curves and corresponding pressure dP/dt phase planes obtained in both ventricles in the rat heart in situ. Time and value of dP/dt(min), and the time constant tau were measured at baseline and d... |
2,321,648 | Postnatal growth of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle of the rat. | We studied the development of myocytes and interstitium using perfusion-fixed left ventricles obtained from normal female Wistar rats at 5 days (n = 5), 25 days (n = 5), and 125 days (n = 5) of age. Using design-based stereological methods and light microscopy, we estimated the following parameters: volume of left vent... |
2,321,649 | [Preventive effects of urapidil on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats]. | To investigate the preventive effect of urapidil, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, on hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling.</AbstractText>Twenty-one male Sprague-Drawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group, hypoxic group and hypoxic plus urapidil group. The animal model of hypoxic pulmonar... |
2,321,650 | Comparison of different MRI brain atrophy rate measures with clinical disease progression in AD. | To correlate different methods of measuring rates of brain atrophy from serial MRI with corresponding clinical change in normal elderly subjects, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD).</AbstractText>One hundred sixty subjects were recruited from the Mayo Clinic... |
2,321,651 | Effects of progesterone derivatives, dihydroprogesterone and tetrahydroprogesterone, on the subependymal layer of the adult rat. | Indirect evidence suggests that in the subependymal layer (SEL) steroid hormones could be partially involved in the modulation of neurogenesis, but little or nothing is known about a direct effect of these molecules on this cellular system. The possible effect of progesterone (P) and/or its neuroactive metabolites, dih... |
2,321,652 | Serum leptin level is a regulator of bone mass. | Leptin is a powerful inhibitor of bone formation in vivo. This antiosteogenic function involves leptin binding to its receptors on ventromedial hypothalamic neurons, the autonomous nervous system and beta-adrenergic receptors on osteoblasts. However, the mechanisms whereby leptin controls the function of ventromedial h... |
2,321,653 | Dual roles of Sema6D in cardiac morphogenesis through region-specific association of its receptor, Plexin-A1, with off-track and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2. | Semaphorins, originally identified as axon guidance facto s in the nervous system, play integral roles in organogenesis. Here, we demonstrate a critical involvement of Sema6D in cardiac morphogenesis. Ectopic expression of Sema6D o RNA interference against Sema6D induces expansion or narrowing of the ventricular chambe... |
2,321,654 | Neural stem cell therapy in the aging brain: pitfalls and possibilities. | As aging progresses, there is a decline in the brain's capacity to produce new neurons in the two neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone surrounding the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The underlying cause of the declining neurogenesis is unknown, but is presumably re... |
2,321,655 | Posterior fossa tumours in children and adolescents. A clinicopathological study of 216 cases. | Posterior fossa tumours are characteristics of paediatric population. This report is a study of 216 consecutive cases of neuropathologically verified brain tumours in children under the 18th year of age, who underwent surgery at the Polish Mother Memorial Hospital in Lódź, Poland, between 1990 and 2003. Chil... |
2,321,656 | Surgical treatment of brainstem tumours with special emphasis on the operative approach through the fourth ventricle floor. | Over the last 25 years there have been reports from the widely recognised neurosurgical centres on the positive clinical results of partial and even complete removal of brainstem tumours. They confirmed relatively high incidence of benign tumours like low-grade gliomas and haemangioblastomas in this region. Based on im... |
2,321,657 | Functional coupling as a basic mechanism of feedback regulation of cardiac energy metabolism. | In this review we analyze the concepts and the experimental data on the mechanisms of the regulation of energy metabolism in muscle cells. Muscular energetics is based on the force-length relationship, which in the whole heart is expressed as a Frank-Starling law, by which the alterations of left ventricle diastolic vo... |
2,321,658 | Primary central nervous lymphoma presenting as bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions: a rare case report. | The authors describe a rare case of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma presenting as bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions. Imaging showed bilateral cerebellopontine angle lesions and also a small mass in right lateral ventricle and anterior third ventricle region. The right cerebellopontine angle mass wa... |
2,321,659 | Normal pressure hydrocephalus manifesting as transient prosopagnosia, topographical disorientation, and visual objective agnosia. | Usually, dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence are an integral part of the clinical presentation of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). However, NPH with transient visual cognitive disorders has not been reported previously. We herein describe an extremely rare case of NPH that presented with transient v... |
2,321,660 | Surgical experience of syringomyelia with reference to the findings of magnetic resonance imaging. | We present our surgical experience of 20 patients with syringomyelia, who were divided into two groups based on the findings of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging: a "non-visible cisterna magna" group, in which MR imaging did not reveal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cisterna magna, and a "visible cisterna magna" group.... |
2,321,661 | Intracerebral haemorrhage: surgical therapy vs. patient-adapted treatment concept. | In spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH), the indication for surgery is still controversial. Therefore we developed clinical guidelines for therapy and compared the outcome of these patients to an exclusively surgically treated group. We retrospectively evaluated outcome in 70 patients with SICH, who were treate... |
2,321,662 | Ischemia-induced enhancement of CFTR expression on the plasma membrane in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. | Pathophysiological functions of cardiac cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cCFTR) in ischemia are not well known. Using neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in primary culture in this study, we thus examined whether the CFTR protein is expressed and is functioning as a cAMP-activated anion channel ... |
2,321,663 | Effects of very low birthweight on brain structure in adulthood. | Very-low-birthweight (VLBW) individuals are at high risk of brain injury in the perinatal period. We wished to determine how such early brain lesions affect brain structure in adulthood. Thirty-two VLBW adults (20 female, 12 male) and 18 term, normal birthweight sibling control individuals (nine female, nine male) unde... |
2,321,664 | Leptomonas wallacei shows distinct morphology and surface carbohydrates composition along the intestinal tract of its host Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and in axenic culture. | Leptomonas wallacei is a monoxenic trypanosomatid that colonizes the digestive tract of the phytophagous hemipteran Oncopeltus fasciatus. This infection was specific and took place exclusively in midgut intestinal ventricles V3 and V4, and in the hindgut. Abundances of parasites in the hindgut were 54% less than those ... |
2,321,665 | Fenestration of the superior medullary velum as treatment for a trapped fourth ventricle: a feasibility study. | We developed a novel approach for fenestration of the trapped fourth ventricle utilizing the superior medullary velum (valve of Vieussens). Trapped fourth ventricles, which are seen often in the pediatric hydrocephalic population, are troublesome entities surgically. A right burr hole was carried out in 10 adult cadave... |
2,321,666 | Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration. | The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a principal source of adult neural stem cells in the rodent brain, generating thousands of olfactory bulb neurons every day. If the adult human brain contains a comparable germinal region, this could have considerable implications for future neuroregenerative therapy. Stem cells have be... |
2,321,667 | Newborn horizontal cells migrate bi-directionally across the neuroepithelium during retinal development. | Cell migration plays an important role during the development of the retina. In this work we have studied the migration of newborn horizontal cells in avian embryonic retina. Using the pattern of the early expressed transcription factors Lim1 and Prox1 we have shown that horizontal cells migrate bi-directionally from t... |
2,321,668 | Neural stem cell detection, characterization, and age-related changes in the subventricular zone of mice. | The mammalian brain contains neural stem cells (NSCs) that allow continued neurogenesis throughout the life of the animal. However, neurogenesis is known to decline during aging and, to the extent that neurogenesis is required for normal CNS function, this may contribute to neurodegenerative disease. Decreased neurogen... |
2,321,669 | Involvement of anion channel(s) in the modulation of the transient outward K(+) channel in rat ventricular myocytes. | The cardiac Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K(+) current (I(to)), a major repolarizing ionic current, is markedly affected by Cl(-) substitution and anion channel blockers. We reexplored the mechanism of the action of anions on I(to) by using whole cell patch-clamp in single isolated rat cardiac ventricular myocyt... |
2,321,670 | The vif gene of maedi-visna virus is essential for infectivity in vivo and in vitro. | We have investigated the role of vif in maedi-visna virus (MVV), a lentivirus of sheep, by studying in vitro replication of vif-deleted MVV in several cell types, and the effects of vif deletion on in vivo infection. By measuring RT activity, we found that in comparison to wild-type MVV, growth of vif-deleted MVV was s... |
2,321,671 | State-related changes in cerebral white matter may underlie psychosis exacerbation. | Previous reports have described accelerated loss of cerebral white matter in schizophrenia. Others have reported changes of ventricle volumes in schizophrenic patients, with greatest increases following remission of psychotic symptoms. In this study changes in cerebral white matter volumes and psychotic symptoms were m... |
2,321,672 | Cerebral ventricular change over the first 10 years after the onset of schizophrenia. | Whether the brain structural abnormalities seen in schizophrenia are progressive is controversial. We previously reported on a longitudinal study of 50 first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 20 controls who had serial MRI scans during the first 5 years of illness. Greater enlargement of lateral ventricles and re... |
2,321,673 | A family showing recessively inherited multisystem pathology with aberrant splicing of the erythrocyte Band 7.2b ('stomatin') gene. | The case of a French child, born of consanguineous parents of Tunisian origin, is described. He showed a severe multisystem disease with dyserythropoietic, sideroblastic anaemia, delayed neurological development with hypotonia and convulsions, salt-losing nephropathy, chronic watery diarrhoea, lactic acidosis with mito... |
2,321,674 | Early prenatal MR imaging diagnosis of polymicrogyria. | The case of a 24-week-old fetus that showed features suggestive of focal cortical developmental anomaly at prenatal MR imaging is presented. The anomaly was confirmed to be polymicrogyria by 34-week prenatal and the 3-day postnatal MR imaging studies. The report demonstrates that the development of polymicrogyria can b... |
2,321,675 | Infarction of the choroid plexus. | Infarction of the choroid plexus may result from ischemia in the distribution of the medial posterior choroidal artery. Diffusion-weighted imaging may depict this unusual stroke syndrome. The clinical and radiologic aspects of this rare condition are discussed taking into consideration the anatomy and pathophysiology o... |
2,321,676 | The effect of elevated extracellular glucose on adherens junction proteins in cultured rat heart endothelial cells. | Vascular permeability is a proof of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by diabetes. Vascular permeability is directly related to the width of intercellular endothelial cells junctions, which may become permeable to macromolecules as a result of a change in endothelial cell shape. To determine the role of hyp... |
2,321,677 | Impairments in premorbid knowledge recall in patients with hemispheric and intraventricular brain damage. | A total of 104 patients with hemispheric arteriovenous malformations (AVM; in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes), along with 21 patients with craniopharyngiomas and 21 patients with aresorptive hydrocephalus, were studied. Impairments of the recall of knowledge acquired before disease onset were found in 12 pat... |
2,321,678 | Cytologic features of pilocytic astrocytoma in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. | To illustrate the cytomorphologic features of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.</AbstractText>A search of records from 1965 to 2001 was performed to identify all patients with a diagnosis of PA in whom CSF samples were examined. Slides from CSF samples originally reported as atypical, sus... |
2,321,679 | [The influence of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation on long-term diabetic complications in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. | Diabetic nephropathy affects 20-35% patients with diabetes mellitus. After 25-30 years of nephropathy, chronic renal failure (CRF) develops in these patients. The aim of the study is to present the influence of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) on long-term diabetic complications in patients with C... |
2,321,680 | [Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression induced by moderate hypoxia in the rat left ventricular myocardium]. | Moderate hypoxia might influence the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the rat left ventricular myocardium.</AbstractText>Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups as follows: 1) those with controlled ventilation with air (n = 36), and 2) those with controll... |
2,321,681 | Overdrainage after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an unusual case of chronic subdural hematoma--case report and review of the literature. | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is considered a safe technique for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. However, the literature contains several reports of complications related to this procedure. We describe a case of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) after ETV, which required surgical evacuation, in a 69-year-... |
2,321,682 | Endoscopic management of supratentorial ventricular neurocysticercosis: case series and review of the literature. | Despite the increasing popularity of neuroendoscopy, scarce documentation exists in the literature regarding successes and failures of this treatment modality for ventricular cysticercosis. Since July 2000, we instituted a specific endoscopic strategy for select patients with supratentorial ventricular disease. The goa... |
2,321,683 | Can CT predict the level of CSF block in tuberculous hydrocephalus? | Treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) depends on the level of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) block. Air-encephalography is regarded as the gold standard for differentiating communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus. Since air-encephalography involves a lumbar punctu... |
2,321,684 | Distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase, neurotensin, enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, and cholecystokinin neurons in the septo-preoptic region of male rats. | Neurons in the lateral septum (LS) and preoptic area (POA) are known to play an inhibitory role in feminine sexual behavior regulation in male rats. In this study, the distribution of neurons containing glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and of the peptidergic neurotransmitters neurotensin (NT), enkephalin (ENK), neurop... |
2,321,685 | Prediction of neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis: comparison of conventional magnetic resonance imaging measures of atrophy and lesion burden. | Cognition and magnetic resonance imaging correlations are well established in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is unclear whether lesion burden or atrophy accounts for most of the predictive variance. These indices have been directly compared in only a few studies. No such study included measurement of the... |
2,321,686 | Enhanced expression of angiopoietin-2 and the Tie2 receptor but not angiopoietin-1 or the Tie1 receptor in a rat model of myocardial infarction. | Modulation of Tie2 receptor activity by angiopoietin ligands is crucial for angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation, and vascular endothelium integrity. The role of the angiopoietin (Ang) and Tie system in myocardial infarction is not well understood. To investigate the participation of the Ang/Tie in myocardial infarcti... |
2,321,687 | Drug transport at the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus.<Pagination><StartPage>95</StartPage><EndPage>108</EndPage><MedlinePgn>95-108</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) represent the main interfaces between the central nervous system (CN... | The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) represent the main interfaces between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral circulation. Drug exposure to the CNS is dependent on a variety of factors, including the physical barrier presented by the BBB and the BCSFB and the affinity of the subs... |
2,321,688 | Protective effect of nerve growth factor on neurons after traumatic brain injury. | The protective effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on neurons after traumatic brain injury (TBI) was investigated. A brain trauma model of fluid-percussion in rats was established, and 7s NGF was infused continuously in its cerebral ventricle. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) ... |
2,321,689 | One stage removal of periaqueductal glioma in adult via infratentorial supracerebellar and transaqueductal approaches. | Most cases of periaqueductal tumours were found in children and adolescents, so treatment modalities in adults are not evaluated yet. A case of 40 years old woman with tectal and periaqueductal protoplasmatic astrocytoma grade II with history of headache and episodes of syncope is described. MRI showed triventricular h... |
2,321,690 | Protein phosphatase 2A-mediated cross-talk between p38 MAPK and ERK in apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. | Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play different regulatory roles in signaling oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cardiac ventricular myocytes. The regulation and functional role of cross-talk between p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were investigated in cardiac ventricular m... |
2,321,691 | Reduced reactive O2 species formation and preserved mitochondrial NADH and [Ca2+] levels during short-term 17 degrees C ischemia in intact hearts. | Different cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic or pharmacologic preconditioning lead to attenuated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with less mechanical dysfunction and reduced infarct size on reperfusion. Improved mitochondrial function during ischemia as well as on reperfusion is a key feature of cardioprote... |
2,321,692 | Ca2+-activated Cl- current reduces transmural electrical heterogeneity within the rabbit left ventricle. | Various cationic membrane channels contribute to the heterogeneity of action potential configuration between the transmural layers of the left ventricle. The role of anionic membrane channels is less intensively studied. We investigated the role of the Ca2+-activated Cl- current, ICl(Ca), in transmural electrical heter... |
2,321,693 | Intracranial granular cell tumor in a dog. | A 12-year-old female miniature poodle showed a 3-month history of neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a high intensity tumor mass in the right cerebral hemisphere with compression of the lateral ventricle. At necropsy, a 2 x 3 cm white, friable mass was found in the right ventral pyriform lobe. Mic... |
2,321,694 | Multiple roles for slits in the control of cell migration in the rostral migratory stream. | The subventricular zone (SVZ) contains undifferentiated cells, which proliferate and generate olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons. Throughout life, these cells leave the SVZ and migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the OB where they differentiate. In vitro, the septum and the choroid plexus (CP) secrete rep... |
2,321,695 | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the anterior skull base associated with neurofibromatosis type 1--case report. | A 36-year-old man presented with a tumor in the anterior skull base manifesting as headache and visual disturbance. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) was identified in early childhood in the patient, and also in his father. Subtotal excision of the tumor was performed, leaving the portion extending outside of the cranium... |
2,321,696 | [Sensory responses of neurons in the medial septal area to modulation of the theta-activity by alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine]. | It was shown by us earlier that bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine produced a dose-dependent effect on theta oscillations in the septohippocampal system of awake rabbits. A relatively low dose of clonidine (0.5 microgram) attenuated and a high dose (5 micrograms) sign... |
2,321,697 | Fetal allogeneic dopaminergic cell suspension grafts in the ventricular system of the rat: characterization of transplant morphology and graft-host interactions. | Experimental transplantation trials of fetal cells in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease or multiple sclerosis still require allogeneic graft material and raise questions of graft rejection and immunosuppression. Alternatively to the striatum, the lateral ventricles have been discussed as grafting site in Parkinson's... |
2,321,698 | Serotonin-induced increases in adult cell proliferation and neurogenesis are mediated through different and common 5-HT receptor subtypes in the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone. | Increase in serotonin (5-HT) transmission has profound antidepressant effects and has been associated with an increase in adult neurogenesis. The present study was aimed at screening the 5-HT receptor subtypes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and ... |
2,321,699 | Neuroimaging of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (Zellweger spectrum) with prolonged survival. | To define neuroimaging characteristics of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) with prolonged survival belonging to the Zellweger spectrum (ZeS).</AbstractText>The authors studied MR images of 25 patients surviving the first year. Neuroimages were compared to neurologic profiles, PBD-ZeS specific compound developmenta... |
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