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2,321,700 | beta-adrenergic stimulation restores the Ca transient of ventricular myocytes lacking t-tubules. | beta-adrenergic stimulation helps to synchronize Ca release in myocytes from failing hearts. Transverse (t-) tubules, which synchronize Ca release in normal cells and contain many of the elements of the beta-adrenergic pathway, may be depleted in such cells. The objective of the present study was to determine whether b... |
2,321,701 | Human embryonic stem cells: a potential source for cellular therapy. | Many degenerative human diseases reflect damage to cells that are not normally repaired or replaced, such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, hepatic failure and congestive heart failure. Preliminary studies in animals and humans have suggested that these diseases may be treatable by transplantation of healthy cells. Suc... |
2,321,702 | Anxiogenic-like effect of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligonucleotides infused into rat brain. | Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is widely distributed in the brain and coordinates behavioural responses to stress. Its receptor subtypes, CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, are expressed in the brain. For this study, we tested the effect of a continuous infusion of CRF-R2 antisense oligonucleotides into the lateral ventricle on ... |
2,321,703 | [Atypical encephalitis in a 20-year-old soldier]. | We report a patient with encephalitis who had been diagnosed with an unspecific aetiology. During follow-up, pneumonia was identified due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection that could also be confirmed as causal for the brain inflammation. Despite the initially critical clinical situation, the patient's condition impro... |
2,321,704 | Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin causes neurotoxicity to myelin that contributes to spatial memory deficits in rats. | It has been reported that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) impairs spatial memory by disrupting glucose utilization through an insulin-dependent mechanism in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. However, evidence of septal damage and microglosis induced by icv STZ suggested that its neuro... |
2,321,705 | Central neurokinin 3 receptors increase systemic oxytocin release: interaction with norepinephrine. | Stimulation of central tachykinin receptors contributes to neuroendocrine functions of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. However, the specific role of each tachykinin receptor subtype has not been completely characterized. Specifically, while neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor stimulation increases systemic vasopressin... |
2,321,706 | Brain ischemia augments exo-focal transgene expression of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to ependyma in hypertensive rats. | The ependyma is one of the feasible targets for gene transfer to the brain. Using two different replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vectors, AdCMVbetaGal or AdRSVIL10, we examined effects of cortical brain ischemia on transgene expression in the ependyma after administration of the vector into the lateral vent... |
2,321,707 | Effects of Ginkgolide B on action potential and calcium, potassium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. | To investigate the effect of Ginkgolide B (GB) on action potential (AP), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), and L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.</AbstractText>Single ventricular myocytes were isolated by an enzymatic dissociation method. AP, IK, I(Ca-L) were recorded by whole-... |
2,321,708 | Competitive binding of postsynaptic density 95 and Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B in rat brain. | To investigate the interactions among postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIalpha (CaMKIIalpha), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) during ischemia and reperfusion in hippocampus of rats.</AbstractText>Brain ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion procedure ... |
2,321,709 | Partial and delayed release of troponin-I compared with the release of lactate dehydrogenase from necrotic cardiomyocytes. | Although the troponins are the serum proteins most frequently used nowadays to diagnose myocardial infarction, controversy continues about whether troponins are released later from infarcted myocardium than the cytoplasmic enzymes used previously, like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The present study compared the release... |
2,321,710 | Human mesenchymal stem cells make cardiac connexins and form functional gap junctions. | Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a multipotent cell population with the potential to be a cellular repair or delivery system provided that they communicate with target cells such as cardiac myocytes via gap junctions. Immunostaining revealed typical punctate staining for Cx43 and Cx40 along regions of intimate ... |
2,321,711 | Role of cyclooxygenase in ventricular effects of adrenomedullin: is adrenomedullin a double-edged sword in sepsis? | Adrenomedullin (ADM) is upregulated in cardiac tissue under various pathophysiological conditions. However, the direct inotropic effect of ADM on normal and compromised cardiomyocytes is not clear. In rat ventricular myocytes, ADM produced an initial (<30 min) increase in cell shortening and Ca(2+) transient and, on... |
2,321,712 | Fluorescence imaging of electrical activity in cardiac cells using an all-solid-state system. | Tracking spatial and temporal determinants of cardiac arrhythmogenesis at the cellular level presents challenges to the optical mapping techniques employed. In this paper, we describe a compact system combining two nontraditional low-cost solutions for excitation light sources and emission filters in fluorescence measu... |
2,321,713 | Potassium canrenoate, an aldosterone receptor antagonist, reduces isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis in the rat. | The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the administration of an antagonist of aldosterone could prevent the fibrosis induced by an acute injection of isoprenaline. Male Wistar rats were submitted to one subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (400 mg/kg) and were simultaneously treated with potassium ... |
2,321,714 | Recurrent spinal cord astrocytoma with intraventricular seeding. | We report on an unusual case of a recurrent and progressive spinal pilocytic astrocytoma with metastatic spreading to the hypothalamus in a 14-year-old boy.</AbstractText>The patient underwent resection of an intramedullary atypical pilocytic astrocytoma classified as WHO grade II at the level of Th11/12 in 1997 and re... |
2,321,715 | Peritoneal dissemination from central neurocytoma: case report. | Central neurocytoma is a low grade tumor of neuroglial origin and a relatively new histological entity. Only a few cases have been reported and its biological behavior is still uncertain. Some cases have shown an aggressive behavior (local recurrence, malignant dedifferentiation or CSF dissemination) and challenged the... |
2,321,716 | [Anatomical and functional abnormalities of central nervous system in autistic disorder: a MRI and SPECT study]. | We present a study of anatomical and functional abnormalities of central nervous system (CNS) from patients with autistic disorder (AD); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were used for the investigation. The population studied was composed of 24 patients, 15 (62.5%)... |
2,321,717 | Molecular heterogeneity of calcium channel beta-subunits in canine and human heart: evidence for differential subcellular localization. | Multiple Ca2+ channel beta-subunit (Ca(v)beta) isoforms are known to differentially regulate the functional properties and membrane trafficking of high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels, but the precise isoform expression pattern of Ca(v)beta subunits in ventricular muscle has not been fully characterized. Using sequence... |
2,321,718 | Caudate volume measurement in older adults with bipolar disorder. | Decreased caudate volumes have been noted in unipolar depressed subjects, especially in the elderly and those with cognitive impairment. No differences have been noted in initial studies of multi-aged bipolar subjects; however, this region has not been examined in older bipolar subjects.</AbstractText>We examined the c... |
2,321,719 | A case of Kallmann syndrome associated with Dandy-Walker malformation. | A 19-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for delayed puberty. At birth, he had macrocephalia and showed delayed physical and mental development. At 9 years of age, right cryptorchism was diagnosed. His parents had noticed that he could not recognize any smells since his infancy. Physical examination on admission ... |
2,321,720 | A study of prenatal ultrasound and postnatal magnetic imaging in the diagnosis of central nervous system abnormalities. | Accurate prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities is essential in counselling parents, as they are the most common developmental abnormalities causing considerable mortality. Currently, the standard in prenatal imaging is ultrasound scanning (USS). The introduction of fast acquisition magnetic r... |
2,321,721 | Flow control versus antisiphon valves: late results concerning slit ventricles and slit-ventricle syndrome. | The aims of the study were firstly to investigate the time course of development of slit ventricles (SV) and slit-ventricle syndrome (SVsyndrome) in hydrocephalic patients shunted as infants and secondly to assess the difference in incidence of SV and SVsyndrome in 2 groups of patients - group A with a conventional val... |
2,321,722 | Endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction: evidence for a role of sphingosine production. | To determine whether sphingomyelinase pathway activation would participate in myocardial depression induced by endotoxin.</AbstractText>Randomized, controlled trial.</AbstractText>Experimental laboratory.</AbstractText>Male Sprague-Dawley rats, isolated rat heart, and cardiac myocytes.</AbstractText>Cardiovascular func... |
2,321,723 | Nanoprobe NMR spectroscopy and in vivo microdialysis: new analytical methods to study brain neurochemistry. | Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the chemical composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microdialysate from the rat brain. In vivo microdialysis techniques were used in several brain regions including the frontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, nucleus accumbens and third ventricle and dialysa... |
2,321,724 | Brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus epithelium regulate transport of transferrin-bound and free iron into the rat brain. | Iron transport into the CNS is still not completely understood. Using a brain perfusion technique in rats, we have shown a significant brain capillary uptake of circulating transferrin (Tf)-bound and free 59Fe (1 nm) at rates of 136 +/- 26 and 182 +/- 23 microL/g/min, respectively, while their respective transport rate... |
2,321,725 | Actions of the anti-oestrogen agent clomiphene on outward K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes. | 1. The effects of clomiphene (CLM) on cardiac outward K+ current components from rat isolated ventricular myocytes were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Clomiphene (10 micromol/L) significantly inhibited both peak (Ipeak) and end-pulse (Ilate) outward currents (elicited by a 500 msec voltage ste... |
2,321,726 | Parenchymal anaplastic ependymoma with intratumoral hemorrhage: a case report. | We report an unusual case of a 56-year-old woman with a supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma localized in the parenchyma without continuity with the ventricular system and brain surface. The patient presented with vertigo, and a calcified mass was detected in the left temporal parenchyma. Five years later, she had seiz... |
2,321,727 | A fourth ventricle atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor in an infant. | Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), a recently established central nervous system tumor entity, occurs in children and is more malignant than medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). We report here a case of AT/RT in a male infant who was 9 months old at the time of diagnosis. Magnetic resonance i... |
2,321,728 | DT56a stimulates creatine kinase specific activity in vascular tissues of rats. | The novel natural product DT56a (Secure Pharmaceuticals, Yavne, Israel), derived from soybean, has been shown to relieve menopausal vasomotor symptoms and increase in bone mineral density with no effect on sex steroid hormone levels or endometrial thickness. In single injection, like 17beta-estradiol (E2), DT56a stimul... |
2,321,729 | Inauguration of pediatric neurosurgery by Harvey W. Cushing: his contributions to the surgery of posterior fossa tumors in children. Historical vignette. | Development of posterior fossa surgery remains Harvey Cushing's hallmark contribution to pediatric neurosurgery. During the era before Cushing, posterior fossa lesions were considered inoperable, and only osseous decompressive surgery was offered. The evolution of Cushing's surgical expertise from subtemporal decompres... |
2,321,730 | Cerebral hemispherectomy in pediatric patients with epilepsy: comparison of three techniques by pathological substrate in 115 patients. | Cerebral hemispherectomy for intractable seizures has evolved over the past 50 years, and current operations focus less on brain resection and more on disconnection. In addition, cases involving cortical dysplasia and Rasmussen encephalitis are being identified and surgically treated in younger individuals. Few studies... |
2,321,731 | Mechanical asymmetry in the embryonic chick heart during looping. | Cardiac looping, which begins with ventral bending and rightward rotation of the primitive heart tube, is an essential morphogenetic event that occurs early in vertebrate development. The biophysical mechanism that drives this process is unknown. It has been speculated that increased stiffness along the dorsal side of ... |
2,321,732 | The gene for soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein alpha is mutated in hydrocephaly with hop gait (hyh) mice. | The spontaneous autosomal recessive mouse mutant for hydrocephaly with hop gait (hyh) exhibits dramatic cystic dilation of the ventricles at birth and invariably develops hopping gait. We show that the gene for soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein alpha, also known as alpha-SNAP, is mutated in h... |
2,321,733 | MRI analysis of hydrocephalus associated with acoustic neurinoma. | We investigated the hydrocephalus in 24 patients associated with acoustic neurinoma. We found the high incidence of homo-lateral ventricular dilatation to the side of the acoustic neurinoma. Utilizing magnetic resonance imaging, the diameter of the tumor parallel to the pyramidal bone, diameter of the tumor perpendicul... |
2,321,734 | Aquaporin-1 deletion reduces osmotic water permeability and cerebrospinal fluid production. | Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a water channel that is strongly expressed at the ventricular-facing surface of choroid plexus epithelium. Using wildtype and AQP1 null mice, we developed novel methods to compare the water permeability in isolated choroid plexus, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in living mice. Osmoticall... |
2,321,735 | Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces brain edema induced by intracerebral hemorrhage and thrombin. | Recent studies indicate that inflammatory reaction occurs around hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study the authors examine the hypothesis that overexpression of IL-1ra in the brain attenuate brain edema formation after ICH. Adenoviruses expressing IL-1ra (Ad.RSVIL-1ra) or LacZ (Ad.RSVLacZ) or sal... |
2,321,736 | Osteopontin infusion into normal adult rat brain fails to increase cell proliferation in dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. | In the first week after focal ischemia in adult brain, the basal level of neurogenesis increases dramatically in two distinct areas: The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. It is possible that this remotely induced neurogenesis is the result of a proliferat... |
2,321,737 | Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and amyloid precursor protein accumulation in microvascular compartment following ischemia-reperfusion brain injury with 1-year survival. | This study examined the late microvascular consequences of brain ischemia due to cardiac arrest in rats. In reacted vibratome sections scattered foci of extravasated horseradish peroxidase were noted throughout the brain and did not appear to be restricted to any specific area of brain. Ultrastructural investigation of... |
2,321,738 | [The effect of ginkgolide B on action potential, L-type calcium current and delayed rectifier potassium current in ischemic guinea pig ventricular myocytes]. | To study the effect of ginkgolide B from Ginkgo leave on action potential (AP), L-type calcium current (I(Ca) - L) and delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K)) in normal and ischemic guinea pig ventricular myocytes.</AbstractText>With the standard microelectrode technique to record action potential and whole-cell var... |
2,321,739 | [Space-occupying cerebellar infarcts: surgical or conservative treatment?]. | Space-occupying cerebellar infarcts (SOCI) make up a subgroup within the ischemic pathologies of the brain which are generally well tolerated clinically and usually respond well to medical treatment. Yet, in some cases, due to their volume and localisation, they can be accompanied by a progressive deterioration that re... |
2,321,740 | E. Coli sepsis induces profound mechanoenergetic inefficiency in the porcine left ventricle. | Myocardial dysfunction is believed to be a central part of septic multiorgan manifestations. The aim of the present study was to assess whether E. coli sepsis in an in vivo model would induce a dysfunction in the relationship between mechanical work and energy consumption in the left ventricle (LV). Accordingly, we mea... |
2,321,741 | The effects of levosimendan and OR-1896 on isolated hearts, myocyte-sized preparations and phosphodiesterase enzymes of the guinea pig. | The concentration dependences of the Ca(2+)-sensitizing and the phosphodiesterase-inhibitory effects of levosimendan (the (-) enantiomer of [[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl]hydrazono]propanedinitrile) and its active metabolite, OR-1896 (the (-) enantiomer of N-[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-... |
2,321,742 | Direct measurement of Ca2+ concentration in the SR of living cardiac myocytes. | Although abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) handling may cause heart failure, there has been no method to directly measure Ca(2+) concentration in SR ([Ca(2+)](SR)) of living cardiomyocytes. We have measured [Ca(2+)](SR) by expressing novel fluorescent Ca(2+) indicators yellow cameleon (YC) 2.1, YC3er, and YC4... |
2,321,743 | Effects of hypoxia on the brain: neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings following carbon monoxide poisoning and obstructive sleep apnea. | Hypoxia damages multiple organ systems especially those with high oxygen utilization such as the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to compare the neuropathological and neuropsychological effects of hypoxia in patients with either carbon monoxide poisoning or obstructive sleep apnea. Neuroimaging rev... |
2,321,744 | Cerebral fluid edema: an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. | A case of accumulation of CSF into the brain parenchyma simulating a brain tumor, secondary to an obstructed ventriculoperitoneal shunt, is presented. Until now, only seven cases of this rare complication have been described.</AbstractText>Magnetic resonance showed an expansive, low-density intracranial lesion on the r... |
2,321,745 | Morphological changes in aging brain structures are differentially affected by time-linked environmental influences despite strong genetic stability. | This longitudinal study used the full twin model to estimate change and stability of genetic contributions to morphology of two brain structures, the corpus callosum and lateral ventricles. The 142 subjects were 34 monozygotic (MZ) and 37 dizygotic (DZ) elderly male twin pairs from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood I... |
2,321,746 | Cytodiagnosis of neoplasms of the central nervous system in cerebrospinal fluid samples with an application of selective immunostains in differentiation. | In this study cytological findings in specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of central nervous system (CNS) tumours (16 primaries, 57 metastatic and 12 suspicious) are presented, which were diagnosed over a period of 7 years in 85 patients (50 females and 35 males) with an age range of 2-76 years. The follow-up includ... |
2,321,747 | Calcium buffering and excitation-contraction coupling in developing avian myocardium. | This report provides a detailed analysis of developmental changes in cytoplasmic free calcium (Ca(2+)) buffering and excitation-contraction coupling in embryonic chick ventricular myocytes. The peak magnitude of field-stimulated Ca(2+) transients declined by 41% between embryonic day (ED) 5 and 15, with most of the dec... |
2,321,748 | Tetramethylpyrazine elicits disparate responses in cardiac contraction and intracellular Ca(2+) transients in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes. | Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is the biologically active ingredient isolated from a popular Chinese medicinal plant, Ligusticum wallichil franchat, which has been used effectively since the 1970s to treat ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular and thrombotic vascular diseases. The direct action of TMP on cardiac contracti... |
2,321,749 | Is the junctional uncoupling elicited in rat ventricular myocytes by some dephosphorylation treatments due to changes in the phosphorylation status of Cx43? | Gap junctions, specialized membrane structures that mediate cell-to-cell communication in almost all animal tissues, are composed of channel-forming integral membrane proteins termed connexins. Most of them, particularly connexin43 (Cx43), the most ubiquitous connexin, the major connexin present in cardiac myocytes, ar... |
2,321,750 | Acute actions of 3 alpha-hydroxy-tibolone on factors influencing contraction in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. | We investigated whether one of the main estrogenic metabolites of the postmenopausal agent, tibolone (Org OD14), exerts direct cardiac actions in a similar way to 17beta-estradiol. 3alpha-OH-tibolone (40 microM) decreased both cell shortening and Ca2+ transient amplitude of field-stimulated (1 Hz, 37 degrees C) guinea-... |
2,321,751 | Spinal accessory schwannoma mimicking a tumor of the fourth ventricle: case report. | Spinal accessory schwannomas unassociated with neurofibromatosis are very rare, and only 30 cases have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a spinal accessory schwannoma mimicking a tumor of the fourth ventricle.</AbstractText>A 50-year-old man presented with neck pain after be... |
2,321,752 | Actions of ethanol on epidermal growth factor receptor activated luteinizing hormone secretion. | Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) stimulates prepubertal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) release, which in turn induces luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Although ethanol (ETOH) diminishes LHRH secretion and delays the onset of female puberty, its actions following EGF-R activati... |
2,321,753 | Proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human neural stem/progenitor cells after transplantation into a rat model of traumatic brain injury. | Cultures containing human neural stem and progenitor cells (neurospheres) have the capacity to proliferate and differentiate into the major phenotypes of the adult brain. These properties make them candidates for therapeutic transplantation in cases of neurological diseases that involve cell loss. In this study, long-t... |
2,321,754 | Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature newborn: management and outcome. | Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) in the premature newborn results from rupture of fragile capillaries in the germinal matrix. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and relates principally to a pressure-passive cerebral circulation, fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, and derangements of coagulation a... |
2,321,755 | Single-channel recordings of a rapid delayed rectifier current in adult mouse ventricular myocytes: basic properties and effects of divalent cations. | The rapidly delayed rectifier current (I(Kr)) has been described in ventricular myocytes isolated from many species, as well as from neonatal mice. However, whether I(Kr) is present in the adult mouse heart remains controversial. We used cell-attached patch-clamp recording in symmetrical K(+) solutions to assess the pr... |
2,321,756 | AMP-activated protein kinase plays a role in the control of food intake. | AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a protein kinase cascade that acts as an intracellular energy sensor maintaining the energy balance within the cell. The finding that leptin and adiponectin activate AMPK to alter metabolic pathways in muscle and liver provides direct evidence for this ... |
2,321,757 | Endothelin-1 promotes phosphorylation of CREB transcription factor in primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes: implications for the regulation of c-jun expression. | Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy is associated with an increase in expression of immediate early genes (e.g. c-jun) via activation of pre-existing transcription factors. The activity of CREB transcription factor is regulated through phosphorylation of Ser-133 by one of several protein kinases (e.g. protein kinase A (PKA), p... |
2,321,758 | Single-channel gating and regulation of human L-type calcium channels in cardiomyocytes of transgenic mice. | Overexpression of human cardiac L-type Ca(2+) channel pores (hCa(v)1.2) in mice causes heart failure. Earlier studies showed Ca(v)1.2-mRNA increase by 2.8-fold, but whole-cell current density enhancement by </=1.5-fold only. Three possible explanations were examined: (1) poor translation of hCa(v)1.2 and of its acce... |
2,321,759 | A knowledge-driven algorithm for a rapid and automatic extraction of the human cerebral ventricular system from MR neuroimages. | A knowledge-driven algorithm for a rapid, robust, accurate, and automatic extraction of the human cerebral ventricular system from MR neuroimages is proposed. Its novelty is in combination of neuroanatomy, radiological properties, and variability of the ventricular system with image processing techniques. The ventricul... |
2,321,760 | A novel electrophilic synthesis and evaluation of medium specific radioactivity (1R,2S)-4-[18F]fluorometaraminol, a tracer for the assessment of cardiac sympathetic nerve integrity with PET. | (1R,2S)-4-[18F]fluorometaraminol (4-[18F]FMR), a tracer for cardiac sympathetic innervation, was synthesized by electrophilic aromatic substitution. A trimethylstannyl precursor, protected with tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting groups, was radiofluorinated with high specific radioactivity [18F]F2. Specific radioactivity o... |
2,321,761 | Progressive apoptotic cell death triggered by transient oxidative insult in H9c2 rat ventricular cells: a novel pattern of apoptosis and the mechanisms. | Many pathophysiological processes are associated with oxidative stress and progressive cell death. Oxidative stress is an apoptotic inducer that is known to cause rapid cell death. Here we show that a brief oxidative insult (5-min exposure to 400 microM H(2)O(2)), although it did not kill H9c2 rat ventricular cells dur... |
2,321,762 | Subependymal veins in premature neonates: implications for hemorrhage. | The germinal matrix contains a concentrated network of blood vessels. The unusual structural qualities of these vessels are implicated as a factor underlying the high incidence of hemorrhage that occurs in the germinal matrix of prematurely born neonates. The present study is a histologic analysis of an postmortem exam... |
2,321,763 | Brainstem calcification in Möbius syndrome. | Möbius syndrome is characterized by congenital facial diplegia, and may be associated with limb or orofacial malformations. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis, including prenatal ischemia. We identified seven children with Möbius syndrome over the 10-year interval 1992-2001,... |
2,321,764 | Expression of human organic anion transporters in the choroid plexus and their interactions with neurotransmitter metabolites. | The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the expression of human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3 in the choroid plexus of the human brain and their interactions with neurotransmitter metabolites using stable cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that hOAT1 and hOAT3 are expressed in t... |
2,321,765 | Stress-induced suppression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the female rat: a novel neural action for calcitonin gene-related peptide. | In addition to its role as a potent vasodilator, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is centrally involved in a variety of stress responses, including activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. It is well known that stress suppresses the activity of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator, the centra... |
2,321,766 | Ventricular nonmyocytes inhibit doxorubicin-induced myocyte apoptosis: involvement of endogenous endothelin-1 as a paracrine factor. | A cross-talk between cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes via humoral factors plays an important role in the development of cardiac growth. However, it remains to be elucidated whether humoral factors produced from nonmyocytes have a protective effect on acute myocardial injury. The present in vitro study investigated the ... |
2,321,767 | External hydrocephalus in two cats. | External hydrocephalus describes an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the cerebral hemispheres and the overlying arachnoid membrane, rather than within the lateral ventricles. Two young cats with encephalopathic signs were diagnosed with external hydrocephalus, one via magnetic resonance imaging and one... |
2,321,768 | Heart morphology in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.<Pagination><StartPage>103</StartPage><EndPage>108</EndPage><MedlinePgn>103-8</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The normal shape of the salmonid ventricle is a triangular pyramid with the apex pointing c... | The normal shape of the salmonid ventricle is a triangular pyramid with the apex pointing caudoventrally. A strong positive correlation has been established between this shape and optimum cardiac output and function. Domesticated salmonids appear to have developed a more rounded ventricle with misaligned bulbus arterio... |
2,321,769 | Cystoventricular shunting of intracranial arachnoid cysts. | Ten patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts were treated with direct shunting of the cyst to a lateral ventricle. The strategic goal of cystoventricular shunting is to establish physiologically normal intracranial pressure relationships, rather than cyst obliteration. Cystoventricular shunts were successful in treat... |
2,321,770 | Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5 and CX3CR1 in neural progenitor cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the adult rat brain. | We have studied the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 at the mRNA and protein levels in adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in neurosphere cultures using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods. NPCs were isolated from the subventricular zone of adult rat brain and propagated in vitro as n... |
2,321,771 | Leukoaraiosis and mobility decline: a high resolution magnetic resonance imaging study in older people with mild cognitive impairment. | Patterns of leukoaraiosis were analyzed on both T2-weighted fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery and 3D T1-weighted sequences in 23 community-dwelling older subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Mobility assessment had allowed their classification into higher and lower mobility groups (P<0.0001). Lower mobili... |
2,321,772 | Haemorrhagic brain metastasis from a thymic carcinoma. | Brain metastasis from thymic carcinoma is extremely rare, and there is still no consensus regarding the best management of thymic metastasis to the central nervous system. Here, we report the first-known Australian case. A review of the current literature and the characteristics of thymic tumours with brain metastasis ... |
2,321,773 | Gender determines the acute actions of genistein on intracellular calcium regulation in the guinea-pig heart. | The soy-isoflavone, genistein, appears to be cardioprotective partly through direct actions on the heart, although the relative benefits between men and women are not fully known. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether gender influences the acute electrophysiological actions of genistein at the level... |
2,321,774 | Diffusion tensor MR imaging visualizes the altered hemispheric fiber connection in callosal dysgenesis. | We report three cases of callosal dysgenesis that were evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography. In partial agenesis of corpus callosum, fiber tracts from all regions of brain converged to a partially developed small genu portion and connected to the contralateral side. In complete callosal agenesis... |
2,321,775 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the larynx: CT and MR imaging findings. | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the larynx is a rare tumor. The aim of this study was to report the CT and MR features of laryngeal NHL in four patients to determine if there are any features that might be helpful to distinguish NHL from other laryngeal tumors.</AbstractText>The CT and MR images of four patients with lar... |
2,321,776 | Expression of type II iodothyronine deiodinase marks the time that a tissue responds to thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. | The thyroid gland synthesizes thyroxine (T4), which passes through the larval tadpole's circulatory system. The enzyme type II iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) converts thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. An early response to thyroid hormone (TH) in the Xenopus laevis t... |
2,321,777 | Maternal methamphetamine administration during pregnancy influences on fetal rat heart development. [corrected]. | Methamphetamine (MAP) is one of the most abused drugs in Japan. The rate of MAP abuse by young women has recently reached more than 50 percent in adolescents. A major health concern is that these women will continue to use MAP during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether MAP administered to th... |
2,321,778 | Photoperiodic regulation of type 2 deiodinase gene in Djungarian hamster: possible homologies between avian and mammalian photoperiodic regulation of reproduction. | The molecular mechanisms responsible for seasonal time measurement have yet to be fully described. Recently, we used differential analysis to identify that the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) gene is responsible for the photoperiodic response of gonads in Japanese quail. It was found that expression of Dio2 in t... |
2,321,779 | Infarction alters both the distribution and noradrenergic properties of cardiac sympathetic neurons. | Regional changes occur in the sympathetic innervation of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI), including loss of norepinephrine (NE) uptake and depletion of neuronal NE. This apparent denervation is accompanied by increased cardiac NE spillover. One potential explanation for these apparently contradictory finding... |
2,321,780 | Electro-acupuncture preconditioning abrogates the elevation of c-Fos and c-Jun expression in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat brains induced by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker. | This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism of electro-acupuncture (EA) preconditioning on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Using Western blot, the expression of c-fos protein (c-Fos) and c-jun protein (c-Jun) induced by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel blocker was examined ... |
2,321,781 | Effects of cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) levels on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release in permeabilized rat ventricular myocytes. | In the heart ischaemic conditions induce metabolic changes known to have profound effects on Ca(2+) signalling during excitation-contraction coupling. Ischaemia also affects the redox state of the cell. However, the role of cytosolic redox couples, such as the NADH/NAD(+) redox system, for the regulation of Ca(2+) home... |
2,321,782 | Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a presenting symptom of aqueductal stenosis--case report. | A 30-year-old male patient presented with chronic spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. He had sustained a mild head injury in childhood. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed aqueductal stenosis associated with moderate supratentorial hydrocephalus, and erosion of the cribriform plate. Following i... |
2,321,783 | Neuroendoscopic septostomy for isolated lateral ventricle.<Pagination><StartPage>582</StartPage><EndPage>588</EndPage><MedlinePgn>582-7; discussion 588</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The clinical features and endoscopic findings were investigated in 20 patients with isolated lateral ventricle treated ... | The clinical features and endoscopic findings were investigated in 20 patients with isolated lateral ventricle treated by neuroendoscopic septostomy to establish cerebrospinal fluid communication and open an isolated ventricular compartment. The endoscopic procedure was incomplete because of thickened septum pellucidum... |
2,321,784 | Highly restricted BMP10 expression in the trabeculating myocardium of the chick embryo. | Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control the development of diverse tissues during embryogenesis. Here, we report the expression of the BMP10 gene during chick development. BMP10 transcription is confined to the myocardium of atriae and ventricles in the forming heart from day 2 of development onwards (stage HH13). I... |
2,321,785 | Reduced subcommissural organ glycoprotein immunoreactivity precedes aqueduct closure and ventricular dilatation in H-Tx rat hydrocephalus. | The H-Tx rat has fetal-onset hydrocephalus associated with closure of the cerebral aqueduct and a reduction in the secretory cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO), a circumventricular organ situated in the dorsal wall of the cerebral aqueduct. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the SCO in hydroc... |
2,321,786 | Posthemorrhagic unilateral hydrocephalus: fenestration of septum pellucidum as an alternative to shunt implantation. | Unilateral hydrocephalus caused by occlusion of the foramen of Monro is rare. We report two cases in neonates caused by prenatal hemorrhage, their radiographic findings, and surgical treatment. With posthemorrhagic progressive unilateral hydrocephalus, early intervention with fenestration of septum pellucidum should be... |
2,321,787 | Effects of halothane on contraction and intracellular calcium in ventricular myocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | Some of the cellular targets affected by volatile anaesthetics (e.g. halothane) which contribute to the negative inotropic effects of these agents are also affected during the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. A previous report suggested that halothane inhibited contraction to a lesser extent in papillary muscle ... |
2,321,788 | Calcium current in rat cardiomyocytes is modulated by the carboxyl-terminal ahnak domain. | Ahnak, a protein of 5643 amino acids, interacts with the regulatory beta-subunit of cardiac calcium channels and with F-actin. Recently, we defined the binding sites among the protein partners in the carboxyl-terminal domain of ahnak. Here we further narrowed down the beta(2)-interaction sites to the carboxyl-terminal ... |
2,321,789 | Phosphorylation of extracellular-regulating kinase in NMDA receptor antagonist-induced newly generated neurons in the adult rat dentate gyrus. | Neurogenesis in the adult brain is promoted by various stimulations. NMDA receptor blockade enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. There is no agreed conclusion, however, as to whether newly generated neurons after NMDA receptor blockade obtain functional properties. We investigated the functional matu... |
2,321,790 | Estrogen reduces cardiac injury and expression of beta1-adrenoceptor upon ischemic insult in the rat heart. | To test the hypothesis that estrogen confers cardioprotection by suppressing the expression of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR), we first correlated the infarct size in response to ischemic insult and beta-AR stimulation with the expression of beta(1)-AR in sham, ovariectomized (Ovx) and estrogen replaced (Ovx + E(2)) rats.... |
2,321,791 | Heterogeneity of cardiorenal characteristics in normotensive subjects. | Blood pressure is a marker of elevated risk for cardiovascular disease, even within the normotensive range. The present study evaluates cardiorenal modifications observed in normotensive (<140/90 mm Hg) subjects. Using World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension definitions, 265 normotensive subj... |
2,321,792 | Colloid cyst of the third ventricle: a cause of sudden death in a child. | Colloid cyst is a rare benign intracranial neoplasm, commonly located in the third ventricle. Though headache and visual symptoms are classical, the patients may present with sudden neurological deterioration. We present a ten-year-old male child who presented with sudden neurological deterioration due to colloid cyst ... |
2,321,793 | Neuronal birthdate-specific gene transfer with adenoviral vectors. | The multilayered structure of the cerebral cortex has been studied in detail. Early-born neurons migrate into the inner layer and late-born neurons migrate into more superficial layers, thus establishing an inside-out gradient. The progenitor cells appear to acquire layer-specific properties at the time of neuronal bir... |
2,321,794 | Nitric oxide is a physiological inhibitor of neurogenesis in the adult mouse subventricular zone and olfactory bulb. | The subventricular zone of the rodent brain retains the capacity of generating new neurons in adulthood. The newly formed neuroblasts migrate rostrally toward the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate as granular and periglomerular interneurons. The reported presence of differentiated neurons expressing the neuronal... |
2,321,795 | Neuroendocrine control of body fluid metabolism. | Mammals control the volume and osmolality of their body fluids from stimuli that arise from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli are sensed by two kinds of receptors: osmoreceptor-Na+ receptors and volume or pressure receptors. This information is conveyed to specific areas of the ... |
2,321,796 | Prolactin prevents acute stress-induced hypocalcemia and ulcerogenesis by acting in the brain of rat. | Stress causes hypocalcemia and ulcerogenesis in rats. In rats under stressful conditions, a rapid and transient increase in circulating prolactin (PRL) is observed, and this enhanced PRL induces PRL receptors (PRLR) in the choroid plexus of rat brain. In this study we used restraint stress in water to elucidate the mec... |
2,321,797 | Ontogenetic quinpirole treatments fail to prime for D2 agonist-enhancement of locomotor activity in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. | Repeated treatments with a dopamine (DA) D2 receptor agonist results in the induction of DA D2 receptor supersensitivity, as evidenced by enhanced behavioral responses to subsequent D2 agonist treatments - a phenomenon known as priming of receptors. Priming of D2 receptors has been well-studied in otherwise intact (non... |
2,321,798 | Effects of Sertoli cell transplants in a 3-nitropropionic acid model of early Huntington's disease: a preliminary study. | Problems with immunosuppression and graft survival limit clinical applications of neurotransplantation protocols for neurodegenerative disease. Sertoli cells, testes-derived cells with immunosuppressive and trophic properties, may serve as an alternative cell source for transplantation. Sertoli cells were transplanted ... |
2,321,799 | Huge localized fibrous tumor of the pleura resembling a mediastinal tumor: report of a case. | A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal chest echoic lesion detected incidentally by echocardiography. A chest roentgenogram showed the presence of a giant mass, and computed tomography of the chest confirmed the presence of a mass with a nonhomogeneous density in the left mediastinum, jus... |
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