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2,323,400 | Deficiency of iNOS Does Not Prevent Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice. | We investigated whether deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could prevent isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Isoproterenol was continuously infused subcutaneously (15 mg/kg/day) using an osmotic minipump. Isoproterenol reduced body weight and fat mass in both iNOS KO ... |
2,323,401 | Rautenlippe Redux -- toward a unified view of the precerebellar rhombic lip. | The rhombic lip (aka rautenlippe) is a germinative neuroepithelium rimming the opening of the hindbrain fourth ventricle during development. Studies spanning more than a century have shown that the rhombic lip produces numerous brainstem neuronal populations unique in their development and functions. While these studie... |
2,323,402 | Adult generation of glutamatergic olfactory bulb interneurons. | The adult mouse subependymal zone (SEZ) harbors neural stem cells that are thought to exclusively generate GABAergic interneurons of the olfactory bulb. We examined the adult generation of glutamatergic juxtaglomerular neurons, which had dendritic arborizations that projected into adjacent glomeruli, identifying them a... |
2,323,403 | Influence of dietary sodium on the blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II and angiotensin III in anaesthetized rats. | The regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic outflow by the brain renin-angiotensin system in animals subjected to raised or lowered dietary Na(+) intake is unclear. This study compared the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusio... |
2,323,404 | Acute amnesia in MS revisited. | Although cognitive problems in multiple sclerosis (MS) are increasingly recognized, acute amnesia in MS appears to be very rare. Hence, this presentation should always prompt consideration of other diagnoses. Nonetheless, as illustrated by the following case report, acute onset of demyelinating disease with the clinica... |
2,323,405 | Atrophy patterns in Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia: a comparison of FreeSurfer and manual volumetric measurements. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) and semantic dementia (SD) are characterized by different patterns of global and temporal lobe atrophy which can be studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Manual delineation of regions of interest is time-consuming. FreeSurfer is a freely available automated technique which has a facil... |
2,323,406 | Specific chromosomal imbalances as detected by array CGH in ependymomas in association with tumor location, histological subtype and grade. | Ependymomas are glial neoplasms originating from the wall of the ventricles or from the spinal canal. The significance of histopathological features in accurately predicting biological behavior is still debated. Moreover, key molecular events in the pathogenesis of ependymoma are yet to be defined. The main objective o... |
2,323,407 | Optimal treatment for intracranial germinoma: can we lower radiation dose without chemotherapy? | To review the effectiveness of reduced-dose and restricted-volume radiation-only therapy in the treatment of intracranial germinoma and to assess the feasibility of reducing or eliminating the use of chemotherapy.</AbstractText>Between January 1996 and March 2007, a retrospective analysis was performed that included 38... |
2,323,408 | Cine phase-contrast MRI evaluation of normal aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid flow according to sex and age. | The aim of this study was cerebrospinal flow quantification in the cerebral aqueduct using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in both sexes and five different age groups to provide normative data.</AbstractText>Sixty subjects with no cerebral pathology were included in this study. Subjects w... |
2,323,409 | Photoperiodic regulation of retinoic acid signaling in the hypothalamus. | Both retinoic acid (RA) and thyroid hormone (TH) regulate transcription via specific nuclear receptors. TH regulates hypothalamic homeostasis and active T3 is generated by deiodinase enzymes in tanycytes surrounding the third ventricle. However, RA has not been previously considered in such a role. Data presented here ... |
2,323,410 | [A novel population of calretinin-positive, presumably non-neuronal, cells with the polymorphous spines in mouse forebrain]. | Using the immunocytochemical method, the localization of calretinin-positive cells was studied in the frontal sections of anterior portion of the mouse cerebral hemispheres. The population of cells with a characteristic structure, that was not described previously, was detected in the area of anterior horns of lateral ... |
2,323,411 | Clear cell meningioma with anaplastic features: case report and review of literature. | Clear cell meningioma (CCM) is an uncommon variant of meningioma, corresponding to WHO grade II. We present two cases of CCMs with anaplastic features in the intracranial and intraspinal region. The first case is a 65-year-old male who gradually developed changes in behavior over a period of 1 year. The second case is ... |
2,323,412 | Is there a difference between patients with peak oxygen consumption below 10 ml/kg/min versus between 10 and 14 ml/kg/min? Does the "Grey Zone" really exist? | Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an important component of evaluation when orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is considered for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. However there is a question about the accuracy of interpretations of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)max) used at present.</AbstractText>We analyzed ... |
2,323,413 | Neurodegeneration in thiamine deficient rats-A longitudinal MRI study. | Selective neurodegeneration accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction characterizes neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Thiamine deficiency (TD) in rats is a model for the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to selective neuronal loss caused by chronic oxidative def... |
2,323,414 | Successful treatment of neoadjuvant therapy for papillary tumor of the pineal region. | We report a boy who in 1994, at the age of 11, presented with headache and vomiting. The fi nal diagnosis was papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneous mass. Hydrocephalus was addressed by immediate ventricle drainage; subsequently, we attempted tumor removal... |
2,323,415 | MRI study of the cavum septum pellucidum in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), a putative marker of neurodevelopmental anomaly, has been associated with an increased risk of several psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CSP in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy control subjects. Seventy-one pati... |
2,323,416 | Pediatric colloid cysts of the third ventricle: management considerations. | Pediatric colloid cysts (CC) have a congenital origin, and yet, there are very few studies focussing exclusively on their occurrence in the pediatric population. Pediatric CC has been associated with more aggressive clinical and radiological patterns than their adult counterparts. In this study, undertaken on children ... |
2,323,417 | Efficacy of multi-staged surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for successful treatment of atypical choroid plexus papilloma in an infant: case report. | A 12-month-old girl presented with a rare atypical choroid plexus papilloma manifesting as conscious disturbance and vomiting. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a well-delineated 5 x 6-cm lobulate mass in the right lateral ventricle. Only partial removal of the tumor was performed because of excessive intraopera... |
2,323,418 | Delayed enlargement of brain edema after resection of intracranial meningioma: two case reports. | Two patients underwent uneventful total removal of convexity or trigone meningioma, but subsequently edema enlarged causing symptoms 3-4 weeks later. Gradual improvement was obtained by steroid administration in 1 patient and re-craniotomy in 1 patient. The histological findings in Case 1 were not confirmed, but inflam... |
2,323,419 | Hypothalamic and hindbrain melanocortin receptors contribute to the feeding, thermogenic, and cardiovascular action of melanocortins. | Forebrain ventricular delivery of melanocortin receptor (MC3/4R) agonist increases energy expenditure and decreases food intake (FI). Because forebrain ventricular delivery provides ligand to various anatomically distributed MC3/4R-bearing nuclei, it is unclear which of the receptor subpopulations contributes to the fe... |
2,323,420 | Cavum septi pellucidi in boxers. | Controversy exists over the significance of the isolated finding of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) and its prevalence rate in healthy individuals and in professional boxers. Few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have looked at large cohorts of boxers. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and extent ... |
2,323,421 | Trimethylated chitosan-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for the delivery of drugs to the brain. | Trimethylated chitosan (TMC) surface-modified poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (TMC/PLGA-NP) were synthesized as a drug carrier for brain delivery. TMC was covalently coupled to the surface of PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-NP) via a carbodiimide-mediated link. The zeta potential of TMC/PLGA-NP was about 2... |
2,323,422 | Diabetes mellitus and long-term outcome in heart failure patients after surgical ventricular restoration. | This study aimed to identify the impact of diabetes mellitus and related comorbidities on long-term survival of heart failure patients who had undergone surgical ventricular restoration. Surgical ventricular restoration is an optional therapeutic strategy for patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Reported prog... |
2,323,423 | The status of the fourth ventricle and ambient cisterns predict outcome in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. | Computed tomography (CT) of the head has become the diagnostic tool of choice, particularly for moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Various CT characteristics are associated with outcome, and may therefore be used as outcome predictors. One of the most prominent predictors appears to be the status of the ... |
2,323,424 | Brain iron homeostasis, the choroid plexus, and localization of iron transport proteins. | Maintenance of appropriate iron homeostasis in the brain is important, but the mechanisms involved in brain iron uptake are incompletely understood. Here, we have analyzed where messenger RNAs that encode iron transport proteins are expressed in the brain, using the Allen Brain atlas, and we conclude that several impor... |
2,323,425 | [Wilson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Co-occurrence]. | Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper transport leading to hepatic but also to highly variable neurological symptoms with basal ganglia and cerebellar manifestation. Symptoms, signs and results of investigations can overlap with those of other central nervous system disorders such as... |
2,323,426 | Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in a patient with primary CNS lymphoma. | In patients with severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases, life-threatening hyponatremia results from two main causes: the syndromes of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW). Clinical manifestations of the two conditions may be similar but their pathogeneses are fun... |
2,323,427 | Encapsulated living choroid plexus cells: potential long-term treatments for central nervous system disease and trauma. | In neurodegenerative disease and in acute brain injury, there is often local up-regulation of neurotrophin production close to the site of the lesion. Treatment by direct injection of neurotrophins and growth factors close to these lesion sites has repeatedly been demonstrated to improve recovery. It has therefore been... |
2,323,428 | Clinical evaluation and follow-up outcome of presurgical plan by Dextroscope: a prospective controlled study in patients with skull base tumors. | Patient-specific approach design, comprehensive evaluation on perioperative data, and follow-up of postoperative life quality (KPS) were carried out to evaluate the application of VR technology of Dextroscope in procedures of patients with skull base tumors.</AbstractText>Eighty-four patients with skull base tumors inv... |
2,323,429 | Longitudinal characterization of brain atrophy of a Huntington's disease mouse model by automated morphological analyses of magnetic resonance images. | Mouse models of human diseases play crucial roles in understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic measures. Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by striatal atrophy that begins long before the onset of motor symptoms. In symptomatic HD, striatal volumes decline predictably with disease course. Thus... |
2,323,430 | Ventricular dilation: association with gait and cognition. | Normal pressure hydrocephalus is characterized by gait impairment, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence, and is associated with disproportionate ventricular dilation. Here we report the distribution of ventricular volume relative to sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, and the association of increasing ve... |
2,323,431 | Spontaneous primary intraventricular hemorrhage in adults: clinical data, etiology and outcome. | Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH), bleeding in the ventricular system without a recognizable parenchymal component, is a rare neurological disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical features, risk factors, etiology and outcome of patients with PIVH.</AbstractText>We retrospectively reviewed t... |
2,323,432 | Recurrent obstructive hydrocephalus in a 4-month-old infant. | Transient, recurrent or permanent causes of hydrocephalus in children are usually due to tumours, cerebral bleeding or colloid cysts and complications of infectious meningitis or secondary to poisoning. Recurrent, obstructive hydrocephalus is very rare.</AbstractText>We report a 4-month-old boy who suffered at least th... |
2,323,433 | Detection of changes in cerebrospinal fluid space in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using voxel-based morphometry. | We attempted to detect alterations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).</AbstractText>We obtained sagittal volume images of the entire head by three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and compared the... |
2,323,434 | Grafting neural precursor cells promotes functional recovery in an SCA1 mouse model. | The B05 transgenic SCA1 mice, expressing human ataxin-1 with an expanded polyglutamine tract in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), recapitulate many pathological and behavioral characteristics of the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), including progressive ataxia and PC loss. We transplanted ... |
2,323,435 | [Rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst with disseminated lipid droplets]. | Dermoid cysts are rare slow-growing benign tumors of the central nervous system generally diagnosed in the third to fifth decade. They are formed from inclusion of ectodermal elements during neural tube closure, and are mostly located along the cranial or spinal midline axis. They cause many non specific symptoms such ... |
2,323,436 | Intraparenchymal myofibromatosis of the brain in an adult: report of an unusual case. | An unusual case of intraparenchymal myofibromatosis of the brain occurring in a 29-year-old woman is described. Preoperative CT and MRI examinations revealed two well-circumscribed nodular masses localized in the wall of the left lateral ventricle and right temporal lobe, respectively. Both masses were completely resec... |
2,323,437 | Using diffusion MRI for measuring the temperature of cerebrospinal fluid within the lateral ventricles. | Hypothermia is often induced to reduce brain injury in newborns, following perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic events, and in adults following traumatic brain injury, stroke or cardiac arrest. We aimed to devise a method, based on diffusion-weighted MRI, to measure non-invasively the temperature of the cerebrospinal fluid in t... |
2,323,438 | Cranial ultrasound and MRI at term age in extremely preterm infants. | Conventional MRI at term age has been reported to be superior to cranial ultrasound (cUS) in detecting white matter (WM) abnormalities and predicting outcome in preterm infants. However, in a previous study cUS was performed during the first 6 weeks only and not in parallel to MRI at term age. Therefore, the aim of the... |
2,323,439 | Fzd3 and Fzd6 deficiency results in a severe midbrain morphogenesis defect. | Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls the proper development of the mid-/hindbrain region (MHR) and of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, but the Frizzled (Fzd) receptors transducing these signals are still unknown. Fzd3 is expressed throughout the mouse anterior neural tube, whereas Fzd6 is restricted to the MHR. We s... |
2,323,440 | Bio-released gold ions modulate expression of neuroprotective and hematopoietic factors after brain injury. | The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) provides new therapeutic strategies for brain injury by means of endogenous cell renewal. In the injured mouse brain, bio-liberated gold ions from gold implants mediate anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects and activation of NSCs. This paper investigates the neuroprotecti... |
2,323,441 | Septo-optic dysplasia with bilateral congenital corneal anesthesia. | Septo-optic dysplasia, or de Morsier syndrome, is characterized by optic nerve hypoplasia with an absent septum pellucidum and/or pituitary abnormalities. Congenital corneal anesthesia is a rare disorder that has been associated with many neurological disorders. Here we present a patient with both conditions who was su... |
2,323,442 | Usefulness of various plasma biomarkers for diagnosis of heart failure in children with single ventricle physiology. | Children with single ventricle physiology have increased ventricular work and are at greater risk of developing heart failure than other children with congenital heart disease. However, the diagnosis of heart failure is difficult because few objective measures have been validated for this cohort. Plasma proteins have b... |
2,323,443 | Oestradiol and insulin-like growth factor-1 reduce cell loss after global ischaemia in middle-aged female rats. | Whereas the ability of oestradiol and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 to afford neuroprotection against ischaemia-induced neuronal death in young female and male rodents is well established, the impact of IGF-1 in middle-aged animals is largely unknown. The present study assessed the efficacy of oestradiol and IGF-1... |
2,323,444 | Endoscopic treatment of intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid cysts: 10 consecutive cases. | The use of the endoscope for lesions of the central nervous system has been progressively widened in the past decades. Among these lesions, the intraventricular cyst is one of the most attractive targets for this less invasive procedure.</AbstractText>Between 2003 and 2007, ten consecutive patients with IVC underwent e... |
2,323,445 | A novel computational model of the human ventricular action potential and Ca transient. | We have developed a detailed mathematical model for Ca handling and ionic currents in the human ventricular myocyte. Our aims were to: (1) simulate basic excitation-contraction coupling phenomena; (2) use realistic repolarizing K current densities; (3) reach steady-state. The model relies on the framework of the rabbit... |
2,323,446 | Distribution and structural diversity of cilia in tadpole larvae of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. | Accumulating evidence demonstrates that cilia play important roles in a variety of processes in embryogenesis. For functional survey of larval cilia at the cellular level, we exploited the simple cell organization of tadpole larvae in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed distribution of ... |
2,323,447 | Prenatal exposure to phencyclidine produces abnormal behaviour and NMDA receptor expression in postpubertal mice. | Several studies have shown the disruptive effects of non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on neurobehavioural development. Based on the neurodevelopment hypothesis of schizophrenia, there is growing interest in animal models treated with NMDA antagonists at developing stages to investigate t... |
2,323,448 | Low-dose kaolin-induced feline hydrocephalus and feline ventriculostomy: an updated model. | Intracisternal injection of kaolin is a well-described model of feline hydrocephalus. Its principal disadvantage is a high rate of procedure-related morbidity and mortality. The authors describe a series of modifications to a commonly used protocol, intended to ameliorate animal welfare concerns without compromising th... |
2,323,449 | Slitlike ventricle syndrome: a life-threatening presentation. | Severely increased intracranial pressure can be life-threatening in shunted children who do not experience ventricular enlargement. This condition is termed normal ventricular hydrocephalus and represents the most severe form of slit ventricle syndrome.</AbstractText>A 7-year-old girl with a repaired lumbosacral myelom... |
2,323,450 | Reduced platelet activity is associated with more intraventricular hemorrhage. | Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious complication of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We hypothesized that antiplatelet medication use and platelet activity would be associated with more IVH.</AbstractText>We prospectively identified patients with spontaneous ICH and measured platelet activity on admission wit... |
2,323,451 | Supratentorial, extraventricular choroid plexus carcinoma in an adult: case report. | Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPCa) is an uncommon tumor rarely occurring in patients older than 2 years of age. The case reported herein represents the first documented example of a primary supratentorial, extraventricular CPCa in an adult. The scant literature regarding this topic is reviewed.</AbstractText>A 68-year-old... |
2,323,452 | Dandy-Walker malformation: analysis of 19 cases. | Dandy-Walker malformation is a congenital disorder that involves the cerebellum and fourth ventricle. Regarding treatment, there is still controversy over the optimum surgical management. In the current study, we present 19 consecutive cases of Dandy-Walker malformation diagnosed between January 1992 and January 2008 t... |
2,323,453 | Cine phase-contrast MR images failed to predict clinical outcome following ETV. | To predict success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, we evaluated pre- and post- operative phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance images (PC MRI) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cine flow in basal cisterns around the brain stem, and cervical medullar junction (CMJ) retr... |
2,323,454 | Infratentorial hygroma secondary to decompressive craniectomy after cerebellar infarction. | We present a case of expansive CSF collection in the cerebellar convexity. The patient was a 74 years old lady who one month before had suffered a cerebellar infarct complicated with acute hydrocephalus. She had good evolution after decompressive craniectomy without shunting. Fifteen days after surgery, the patient sta... |
2,323,455 | Demyelinating disease masquerading as a surgical problem: a case series. | We report three cases of demyelinating disease with tumor-like presentation. This information is particularly important to both neurosurgeons and neurologists who should be aware that inflammatory demyelinating diseases can present as a mass lesion, which is indistinguishable from a tumor, both clinically and radiologi... |
2,323,456 | Spatial regulation of intracellular pH in multicellular strands of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. | Intracellular pH (pHi), an important modulator of cardiac function, is normally regulated to within narrow limits (7.1-7.2). In adult ventricular cell pairs, localized cellular pHi disturbances are removed by sarcolemmal acid/base transporters, but can also be dissipated (diluted) across gap junctions, aboard mobile bu... |
2,323,457 | Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced mortality in mice is triggered by edema and brain herniation. | Although much is known about lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and the subsequent immune response in its natural murine host, some crucial aspects of LCMV-mediated pathogenesis remain undefined, including the underlying basis of the characteristic central nervous system disease that occurs following i... |
2,323,458 | Frequency, types and causes of intraventricular haemorrhage in lethal blunt head injuries. | Autopsy findings and neuropathological examination of formalin-fixed brains in 676 deaths due to blunt head injury, here with special attention to injuries of the inner (periventricular) cerebral structures and haemorrhages into the ventricles. Intraventricular haemorrhage of any degree was present in 17.6%, considerin... |
2,323,459 | Experimental hypothyroidism increases content of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the heart. | The connective tissue matrix of the heart remains under regulatory influence of the thyroid hormones. Some conflicting data describe the connective tissue changes in subjects with thyroid gland disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the changes of the connective tissue accumulation in the heart of rats in the st... |
2,323,460 | Natural history of apparently isolated severe fetal ventriculomegaly: perinatal survival and neurodevelopmental outcome. | To review the prenatal diagnosis of apparently isolated severe ventriculomegaly (SVM) in a tertiary referral fetal medicine unit and report on perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</AbstractText>All cases of isolated SVM referred to Fetal Medicine at the NMH between 2000 and 2008 were identified. Outcome informati... |
2,323,461 | Comparison of computed tomography 3-dimensional volumetric analysis of ventricular size to visual radiological assessment. | Interpretation of ventricular volume on computed tomography scans of hydrocephalus patients is usually subjective. The objective of this study was to determine whether radiological assessment of interval change correlates better with an objective calculated volume change or with other objective 2-dimensional estimates ... |
2,323,462 | Myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, but not inflammation, are present in long-term experimental diabetes. | The aim of this paper is to study the myocardial damage secondary to long-term streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received either streptozotocin injections or vehicle. After 22 or 6 wk, DM1, SHR, DM1/SHR, and control rats were killed, and the le... |
2,323,463 | CHL1 cooperates with PAK1-3 to regulate morphological differentiation of embryonic cortical neurons. | The cell adhesion molecule close homologue of L1 (CHL1) is important for apical dendritic projection and laminar positioning of pyramidal neurons in caudal regions of the cerebral cortex. The p21-activated kinase (PAK1-3) subfamily of serine/threonine kinases has also been implicated in regulating cell adhesion, migrat... |
2,323,464 | Alternate-day fasting protects the rat heart against age-induced inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative damage and NF-kB activation. | The free radical theory of aging is currently one of the most popular. In parallel, many studies have demonstrated the association of fibrosis and increased oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of some chronic human diseases, and fibrosis is often characteristic of aging tissues. One of the few interventions that effec... |
2,323,465 | Antagonism of the antinociceptive effect of nitrous oxide by inhibition of enzyme activity or expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the mouse brain and spinal cord. | Previous studies have implicated nitric oxide (NO) in the antinociceptive response to the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O). The present study was conducted to confirm this NO involvement using pharmacological and gene knockdown and knockout strategies to inhibit the supraspinal and spinal production of NO. Antinoci... |
2,323,466 | Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: correlating magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers with clinical response. | Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a debilitating condition of the elderly. The patient is typically "wet, wobbly and wonky", to different degrees of the triad. The diagnosis is supported by the radiologic finding of dilated ventricles, determined by an elevated Evan's Index (EI) without a demonstrable c... |
2,323,467 | Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: mechanism of disease. | Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of prematurity. IVH typically initiates in the germinal matrix, which is a richly vascularized collection of neuronal-glial precursor cells in the developing brain. The etiology of IVH is multifactorial and is primarily attributed to the intrinsic fragility of t... |
2,323,468 | Kainic acid-activated microglia mediate increased excitability of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo: crucial role of interleukin-1beta. | It is known that highly activated microglia and the consequent production of inflammatory cytokines were associated with neuroexcitotoxic injuries. The present study was carried out to explore whether interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), a proinflammatory cytokine produced in abundance by activated microglia, mediates increas... |
2,323,469 | Repeated tapping of ventricular reservoir in preterm infants with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation does not increase the risk of reservoir infection. | Controlled removal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by serial tapping of ventricular reservoir, such as the McComb reservoir, is an effective way to decompress the ventricular system in preterm infants with rapidly progressing post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) while awaiting optimal conditions for permanent CS... |
2,323,470 | Culturing of ventricle cells at high density and construction of engineered cardiac cell sheets without scaffold. | In natural heart tissue, cell density is about 1.0 x 108/cm3, and the cell metabolism is very active. Therefore, culturing heart cells in 3-dimensions at high density and construction of engineered cardiac tissue in vitro is very difficult. The aim of this study was to simulate 3-dimensional culturing of cardiac cells ... |
2,323,471 | Nasoseptal flap reconstruction of high flow intraoperative cerebral spinal fluid leaks during endoscopic skull base surgery. | Over the past 10 years, significant anatomic, technical, and instrumentation advances have facilitated the exposure and resection of intradural lesions via a fully endoscopic expanded endonasal approach (EEA). The vascularized nasoseptal flap (based on the posterior nasoseptal artery) has become our primary endoscopic ... |
2,323,472 | Anatomy of the floor of the third ventricle in relation to endoscopic ventriculostomy. | Neuroanatomical structures that form the floor of the third ventricle (FTV) and neighboring tissues are important in the context of third ventriculostomy (TV) procedures. Thorough knowledge of the anatomical and histological organization of the region would be useful in understanding and preventing surgical complicatio... |
2,323,473 | A novel role of cyclinD1 and p16 in clinical pathology and prognosis of childhood medulloblastoma. | Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. CyclinD1 is strongly implicated in the control of G1 progression and the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein; p16 could specifically interact with cyclinD1 to inhibit the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4. The purpose of this study... |
2,323,474 | Assessment of the variability in the anatomical position and size of the subthalamic nucleus among patients with advanced Parkinson's disease using magnetic resonance imaging. | Targeting of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery using standard atlas coordinates is used in some centers. Such coordinates are accurate for only a subgroup of patients, and subgroup size depends on the extent of inter-individual variation in STN position/size and degree to which a... |
2,323,475 | Cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst containing ectopic choroid plexus--case report. | We present a rare and interesting case of a cerebellopontine angle cyst containing ectopic choroid plexus tissue in a 26 year-old female. Surgical resection was performed, and histological examination confirmed the presence of choroid plexus in the cyst wall. This is the first reported case of ectopic choroid plexus at... |
2,323,476 | Proximal dentatothalamocortical tract involvement in posterior fossa syndrome. | Posterior fossa syndrome is characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, oromotor/oculomotor apraxia, emotional lability and mutism in patients after infratentorial injury. The underlying neuroanatomical substrates of posterior fossa syndrome are unknown, but dentatothalamocortical tracts have been implicated. We used pre-... |
2,323,477 | Myosin II is required for interkinetic nuclear migration of neural progenitors. | Interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) is a hallmark of the polarized stem and progenitor cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing vertebrate CNS. INM is responsible for the pseudostratification of the VZ, a crucial aspect of brain evolution. The nuclear migration toward the apical centrosomes in G2 is though... |
2,323,478 | Infection of neurons and encephalitis after intracranial inoculation of herpes simplex virus requires the entry receptor nectin-1. | Multiple entry receptors can mediate infection of cells by herpes simplex virus (HSV), permitting alternative pathways for infection and disease. We investigated the roles of two known entry receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and nectin-1, in infection of neurons in the CNS and the development of encephalitis... |
2,323,479 | Right ventricular septal pacing: the success of stylet-driven active-fixation leads. | The detrimental effects of right ventricular (RV) apical pacing on left ventricular function has driven interest in alternative pacing sites and in particular the mid RV septum and RV outflow tract (RVOT). RV septal lead positioning can be successfully achieved with a specifically shaped stylet and confirmed by the lef... |
2,323,480 | Transplantation of cultured choroid plexus epithelial cells via cerebrospinal fluid shows prominent neuroprotective effects against acute ischemic brain injury in the rat. | Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells (CPECs) produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to provide the CNS with a specialized microenvironment. Our previous study showed that the conditioned medium of cultured CPECs enhanced the survival and neurite extension of hippocampal neurons. The present study examined the ability of cul... |
2,323,481 | Alpha-tocopherol decreases iron-induced hippocampal and nigral neuron loss. | There are many studies about iron-induced neuronal hyperactivity and oxidative stress. Some reports also showed that iron levels rise in the brain in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that excessive iron level increases oxidative stress and caus... |
2,323,482 | Perfusion fluids used in neurosurgery affect cerebrospinal fluid and surrounding brain parenchyma in the rat ventriculocisternal perfusion model. | ARTCEREB, an irrigation and perfusion solution (Artcereb), is a preparation intended for the irrigation and perfusion of the cerebral ventricles, and it is therefore important to evaluate its effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on the surrounding cerebrospinal parenchyma. To confirm the kinetics of the perfusion f... |
2,323,483 | Central nesfatin-1 reduces dark-phase food intake and gastric emptying in rats: differential role of corticotropin-releasing factor2 receptor. | Nesfatin-1, derived from nucleobindin2, is expressed in the hypothalamus and reported in one study to reduce food intake (FI) in rats. To characterize the central anorexigenic action of nesfatin-1 and whether gastric emptying (GE) is altered, we injected nesfatin-1 into the lateral brain ventricle (intracerebroventricu... |
2,323,484 | Blocked ventriculoperitoneal shunt causing raised intracranial pressure diagnosed by prominent sinus pericranii. | We present a 3.5-year-old male infant who had been treated at 3 weeks of age with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for intraventricular haemorrhage with resultant hydrocephalus. Since his initial treatment he had normal developmental milestones. On this occasion he presented with difficulty in walking, vomiting and ir... |
2,323,485 | Specific brain structural abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia. A comparative study with patients with schizophreniform disorder, non-schizophrenic non-affective psychoses and healthy volunteers. | Evidence so far indicates the consistent association between brain structural abnormalities and schizophrenia already present at the early phases of the illness. This study investigates the specificity of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia by using region-of-interest method of volumetric analysis in a hete... |
2,323,486 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy to treat hydrocephalus associated with macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. | Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is a rare overgrowth syndrome commonly associated with hydrocephalus. Although the pathophysiological characteristics of the hydrocephalus in this syndrome is not fully known, previous reports have described its treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. ... |
2,323,487 | Resolution of hydrocephalus-associated sensorineural hearing loss after insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. | The authors present a pediatric patient with severe hearing loss due to communicating hydrocephalus. This is the first clearly documented case of de novo sensorineural deafness caused by hydrocephalus, with subsequent improvement in hearing after shunt insertion. The patient initially presented with otitis media and wa... |
2,323,488 | Clinical and cytogenetic analysis of an intracranial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor induced by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. | The authors report the first case of an intracranial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) associated with the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which occurred in a 7-year-old boy. Neuroradiological features showed a mass surrounding the ventricular catheter. The lesion was completely resected. Histological... |
2,323,489 | Immunohistochemical analysis of CDX2 expression in normal choroid plexus epithelium and choroid plexus tumors. | The Wnt and BMP signaling pathways are involved in the morphogenesis of both gastrointestinal and choroid plexus epithelium. In the intestine, Wnt signaling represses the expression of the tumor suppressor gene CDX2 via SOX9, a transcription factor, which is also expressed in the choroid plexus. Recently, an inverse co... |
2,323,490 | Dandy-Walker malformation in patients with KID syndrome associated with a heterozygote mutation (p.Asp50Asn) in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin 26. | The Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness syndrome (KIDS) is an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia characterized by ocular, skin, and ear anomalies, including keratitis, palmoplantar keratoderma, and congenital hearing loss. Most cases are due to mutations in the GJB2 gene encoding connexin 26. The Dandy-Walker malformati... |
2,323,491 | Structural and histochemical studies on the teleostean bulbus arteriosus. | The structure and histochemical properties of the bulbus arteriosus in two species from an evolutionary old teleost family, Characidae, and in three modern teleosts, family Cichlidae, are described. The bulbar wall was composed of an outer layer, a middle layer and a strongly folded inner layer covered by a thick, gran... |
2,323,492 | Biventricular noncompaction: A rare cause of fetal distress and tricuspid regurgitation. | Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium involving both ventricles is a rare entity. Here we report a rare case of biventricular noncompaction presenting with features of fetal distress and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Noncompaction of both ventricles was diagnosed at birth. |
2,323,493 | RanBPM regulates the progression of neuronal precursors through M-phase at the surface of the neocortical ventricular zone. | Many of the mitoses that produce pyramidal neurons in neocortex occur at the dorsolateral surface of the lateral ventricles in the embryo. RanBPM was found in a yeast two-hybrid screen to potentially interact with citron kinase (CITK), a protein shown previously to localize to the surface of the lateral ventricles and ... |
2,323,494 | Continuous intraventricular infusion of pentosan polysulfate: clinical trial against prion diseases. | Prion diseases are progressive neurological disorders due to abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) deposition in the central nervous system. At present, there is no effective treatment available for any form of prion disease. Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) has been shown to prolong significantly the incubation period in mice wi... |
2,323,495 | An unusual case of intraventricular gliosarcoma. | Gliosarcoma is an uncommon variant of glioblastoma characterized by a biphasic pattern of glial and mesenchymal differentiation in the tumor. These tumors occur mostly in the cerebral hemispheres. Intraventricular location is extremely rare. Extensive review of literature revealed only two cases of intraventricular gli... |
2,323,496 | Quantitative multivoxel proton spectroscopy of the brain in developmental delay. | To assess whether proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in children with developmental delay reveals a consistent pattern of abnormalities.</AbstractText>Eighty-eight patients (median age, 4.6 years; interquartile range, 3.1-8.1 years) with unexplained developmental delay, were compared with 48 normally developing age-ma... |
2,323,497 | Value of quantitative MRI biomarkers (Evans' index, aqueductal flow rate, and apparent diffusion coefficient) in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. | To define the value of Evans' index (EI), aqueductal flow rate (FR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and to assess the ability of these markers preoperatively to predict shunt response. To shed some light as to the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms ... |
2,323,498 | Clinical and surgical features of lower brain stem hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease. | In the context of von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), the medulla oblongata is a relatively frequent site of growth of hemangioblastomas, posing related clinical and surgical difficulties. Their management requires a close correlation between clinical evolution and morphological surveillance. In order to describe their cl... |
2,323,499 | Decreased neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in mice with chronic/nonremitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | It has been reported that autoimmune inflammatory processes in human multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), may induce an alteration in neurogenesis. Studies with transgenic EAE mice have demonstrated an enhancement of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ)... |
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