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3,900 | Should patients with asymptomatic wolff-parkinson-white pattern undergo a catheter ablation? | Many individuals with the Wolff-Parkinson-White electrocardiographic pattern are asymptomatic. Optimal management of these individuals is still a matter of debate. On the one hand, sudden cardiac death from ventricular fibrillation is a rare yet possible outcome in these individuals. On the other hand, there is a low r... |
3,901 | Biventricular pacing therapy for congestive heart failure: a review of the literature. | Biventricular pacing is a new therapy for patients with congestive heart failure and mechanical dyssynchrony. Its therapeutic intent is to activate both ventricles simultaneously, thus improving the mechanical efficiency of the ventricles. Preliminary evidence indicates improvement in hemodynamics, quality of life, and... |
3,902 | Myocardial ischemia: what factors determine arrhythmogenesis? | In ischemic myocardium, cellular architecture and heterogeneous changes in metabolic and ionic conditions interact to cause spatial and temporal heterogeneity of electrical properties predisposing to lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Yet, the details of their interaction, vis-à-vis the initiation and maintenance of ... |
3,903 | Excitable gap in canine fibrillating ventricular myocardium: effect of subacute and chronic myocardial infarction. | The existence of an excitable gap during ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been suggested in several prior studies. However, the effects of myocardial infarction on the presence and duration of an excitable gap during VF have not been evaluated.</AbstractText>Electrophysiologic study was performed in normal dogs and in... |
3,904 | Brugada syndrome and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a novel association? | The Brugada syndrome is a distinct form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation characterized by a unique ECG pattern consisting of a right bundle branch block-like aspect and ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3. As a high induction rate of ventricular tachyarrhythmias has been reported in Brugada syndrome, we hypoth... |
3,905 | Dissociation between coronary sinus and left atrial conduction in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter. | Coronary sinus (CS) recordings are routinely used during electrophysiologic studies for various supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias with the understanding that they represent left atrial (LA) activity. However, the behavior of CS electrical activity during atrial arrhythmias has not drawn any special attention... |
3,906 | Early angiographic control of perioperative ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting. | To assess the impact of immediate angiography in patients with defined clinical and laboratory criteria of perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass operation.</AbstractText>Between January 1999 and December 1999 2052 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in our institution. Out of t... |
3,907 | Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with vasospastic angina--clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics and long-term outcome. | There have been few clinical studies exploring the characteristics of spontaneous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) during a vasospastic angina attack. During a 4-year recruitment period, Holter ECG recordings were monitored for 42+/-24 h during a drug-free period in 60 consecutive patients with vasospastic angi... |
3,908 | Arrhythmias in patients with Brugada-type electrocardiographic findings. | Brugada syndrome is characterized by marked ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads (Bru-ECG) and is associated with a high risk for sudden death. However, it is unclear whether the arrhythmogenesis is caused by the mechanisms responsible for Bru-ECG. The present study investigated the risk of arrhythmias in... |
3,909 | Electrophysiological characterization of murine myocardial ischemia and infarction. | Genetically altered mice will provide important insights into a wide variety of processes in cardiovascular physiology underlying myocardial infarction (MI). Comprehensive and accurate analyses of cardiac function in murine models require implementation of the most appropriate techniques and experimental protocols.</Ab... |
3,910 | Three-year follow-up of patients with right bundle branch block and ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads: Japanese Registry of Brugada Syndrome. Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Investigators. | We sought to determine the prevalence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and ST segment elevation in the working Japanese population, as well as the event rate during a three-year prospective follow-up period.</AbstractText>A poor prognosis of RBBB and ST segment elevation has been reported in Europe and South America... |
3,911 | Recurrence of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator after the first device therapy: implications for antiarrhythmic therapy and driving restrictions. CARE Group. | The purpose of this study was to investigate whether clinical or electrophysiologic characteristics could predict initial and subsequent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy.</AbstractText>Identification of markers to predict subsequent ICD therapy and symptoms after the first event could affect patient... |
3,912 | [Congenital long QT syndrome]. | Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a clinically and genetically heterogenous syndrome characterized by a lengthening of the QT interval on the surface ECG and a propensity to severe ventricular arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation, leading eventually to syncope and sudden death. This rare syndro... |
3,913 | Combined phosphodiesterase inhibition and beta-blockade in the GI104313, decreases ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the rat. | The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GI104313, a chimeric molecule containing a phosphodiesterase inhibiting pyradazinone and a blocking phenoxpropanolamine, on ischemia-induced arrhythmias in anesthetized rats.</AbstractText>The coronary artery was occluded 15 min after commencing drug admin... |
3,914 | Serious arrhythmias in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | We report cases of serious arrhythmias associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM). Thirty-one patients were referred to our institute to undergo further assessment of their AHCM from 1988 to 1999. Three patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia demonstrated an 123I-MIBG regional reduction in the... |
3,915 | Inappropriate detection of supraventricular arrhythmias by implantable dual chamber defibrillators: a comparison of four different algorithms. | Inappropriate therapy of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias by an ICD is still a common problem. Dual chamber (DDD) ICDs provide additional atrial sensing and should result in higher specificity for detection of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, a direct comparison of different dual chamber algorithms has not ... |
3,916 | Supraventricular tachycardia-ventricular tachycardia discrimination algorithms in implantable cardioverter defibrillators: state-of-the-art review. | To reduce inappropriate therapy of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) include algorithms to discriminate ventricular tachycardia (VT) from SVT. Dual-chamber algorithms analyze atrial and ventricular rates or AV relationship. They provide advantages over single-chamber alg... |
3,917 | Reentry site during fibrillation induction in relation to defibrillation efficacy for different shock waveforms. | Unsuccessful defibrillation shocks may reinitiate fibrillation by causing postshock reentry.</AbstractText>To better understand why some waveforms are more efficacious for defibrillation, reentry was induced in six dogs with 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-msec monophasic and 1/1- (both phases 1 msec) 2/2-, 4/4-, and 8/8-msec b... |
3,918 | Critically timed auxiliary shock to weak field area lowers defibrillation threshold. | This study tested the hypothesis that the defibrillation threshold (DFT) can be lowered by delivering a weak auxiliary shock in conjunction with a stronger primary shock to the cardiac region where the primary shock electric field is weakest.</AbstractText>Eight swine were studied in each of two study parts. In both pa... |
3,919 | Female gender is a risk factor for drug-induced long QT and cardiac arrhythmias in an in vivo rabbit model. | Clinical observations and in vitro experimental data indicate that females have a longer QT interval than males, which is associated with a higher risk of drug-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Little is known about this gender difference in anesthetized animals, which may affect the outcome of in vivo drug tests.</Abstract... |
3,920 | Worldwide clinical experience with a new dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator system. | Management of atrial tachyarrhythmias represents a significant challenge in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Drug therapy of these arrhythmias is limited by moderate efficacy, ventricular proarrhythmia, and drug-device interactions. This study tested the safety and efficacy of a new dual-ch... |
3,921 | Cardiac arrhythmia in patients undergoing surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly. | Arrhythmias remain an unsolved problem in Ebstein's anomaly. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of arrhythmias after surgical repair.</AbstractText>Forty-five patients with Ebstein's anomaly and arrhythmias were studied. Mean age was 33 +/- 15 years. Twenty-four patients (53%) had paroxysmal suprave... |
3,922 | Technical aspects and outcome of in situ right internal thoracic artery grafting to the major branches of the circumflex artery via the transverse sinus. | Little is known about the anatomic limitations of in situ right internal thoracic artery (RITA) grafting to the circumflex artery.</AbstractText>To evaluate the technical aspects and outcome of revascularization of the proximal and distal major branches of the circumflex artery (obtuse marginal [OM] branch and posterol... |
3,923 | Midterm evaluation of the Tissuemed (Aspire) porcine bioprosthesis: 493 patients, 506 bioprostheses. | Valve durability has been a major concern with bioprostheses, and the Tissuemed (Aspire) porcine bioprosthesis was designed to provide a solution to structural valve failure. Because bioprostheses tend to fail by 8 years, the aim of our study was to determine its midterm durability and performance.</AbstractText>We rev... |
3,924 | Comparison of digoxin versus low-dose amiodarone for ventricular rate control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. | 1. Rapid ventricular rate (VR) and rhythm irregularity during atrial fibrillation (AF) impair cardiac performance. Although digoxin has been widely used in patients with AF, its efficacy for the control of VR and rhythm irregularity is unsatisfactory. Whether low-dose amiodarone is more effective remains unclear. 2. We... |
3,925 | Defibrillation energy requirements and electrical heterogeneity during total body hypothermia. | Determine the effects of hypothermia on defibrillation energy requirements and cardiac electrophysiology.</AbstractText>Prospective randomized acute intervention trial.</AbstractText>Medical center animal laboratory.</AbstractText>Fifteen domestic farm swine.</AbstractText>Swine were randomized to a hypothermia group (... |
3,926 | Clinical Trials Update: CAPRICORN, COPERNICUS, MIRACLE, STAF, RITZ-2, RECOVER and RENAISSANCE and cachexia and cholesterol in heart failure. Highlights of the Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, 2001. | This is a synopsis of presentations made at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) in 2001 summarising recent research developments relating to heart failure. Clinical studies of particular interest to physicians with an interest in heart failure and its prevention are reviewed. The COPERNICUS trial lends further sup... |
3,927 | Comparison of the efficacy of a subcutaneous array electrode with a subcutaneous patch electrode, a prospective randomized study. | The patch electrode and the array electrode are the two types of subcutaneous leads available as an adjunct to a transvenous lead system in patients with high defibrillation thresholds. A prospective randomized study was conducted in 30 consecutive patients comparing the efficacy and the long-term performance of a patc... |
3,928 | Induction of atrial tachycardia and fibrillation in the mouse heart. | Atrial tachycardia and fibrillation in humans may be partly consequent to vagal stimulation. Induction of fibrillation in the small heart is considered to be impossible due to lack of a critical mass of > 100-200 mm2. Even with the recent progression of the technology of in vivo and in vitro mouse electrophysiologic... |
3,929 | Genetic aspects of arrhythmias. | Advances in the treatment and prevention of heart disease have led to consistently declining morbidity and mortality rates over the past 30 years. Despite these advances, therapy remains largely palliative. The development of curative therapies is limited by our lack of knowledge of the basic mechanisms of disease. In ... |
3,930 | The effects of endogenous and exogenous vasopressin during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | Exogenous vasopressin is a promising vasopressor when blood pressure is critically threatened, but the role of endogenous vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is unknown. We assessed the role of endogenous versus exogenous vasopressin in a porcine open chest CPR model. Seven minutes before induction o... |
3,931 | Atrial, ventricular, or both cannulation sites to optimize left ventricular assistance? | The efficiency of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) depends on the capacity of the inflow cannula to drain blood into the pump. Left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) sites were compared in an animal model mimicking different hemodynamic conditions. Three calves (56.3+/-5.0 kg) were equipped with a Thoratec L... |
3,932 | [Cardiac arrhythmias in pregnancy]. | Atrial premature beats are frequently diagnosed during pregnancy (PR), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT; atrial tachycardia, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, circus movement tachycardia) less frequently. For acute therapy, electrical cardioversion with 50-100 J is indicated in all unstable patients (pts). In stable SVT... |
3,933 | Pupil diameter and light reaction during cardiac arrest and resuscitation. | Traditionally, both pupil diameter and reaction to light have been examined to confirm the diagnosis of death. In the present study, we investigated quantitative changes in pupil diameter and light reaction for assessing the efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and as a predictor of outcome.</AbstractText>Co... |
3,934 | Inhibition of nitric oxide improves coronary perfusion pressure and return of spontaneous circulation in a porcine cardiopulmonary resuscitation model. | During spontaneous circulation, nonspecific inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increases systemic vascular resistance and, therefore, mean arterial pressure. If this effect can be extrapolated to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), administering L-NAME during CPR may be ... |
3,935 | Pulmonary vein orifice isolation for eliminating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after ICD implantation. | We treated a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and sustained ventricular tachycardia by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). He then suffered from inappropriate ICD shocks triggered by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We successfully performed pulmonary vein orifice isolation to eliminate paroxy... |
3,936 | S-100b, sE-selectin, and sP-selectin for evaluation of hypoxic brain damage in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: pilot study. | S-100b is thought to be a screening marker of hypoxic brain damage in patients with cardiac arrest. However, the time-dependent occurrence and relevance of increased S-100b serum levels in out-of-hospital patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is still discussed. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ... |
3,937 | Impact of pulmonary valve replacement on arrhythmia propensity late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. | Chronic pulmonary regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may lead to right ventricular dilatation, which may be accompanied by ventricular tachycardia and sudden death. We aimed to examine the effects of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) on (1) certain electrocardiographic markers predictive of monomor... |
3,938 | Is arrhythmia detection by automatic external defibrillator accurate for children?: sensitivity and specificity of an automatic external defibrillator algorithm in 696 pediatric arrhythmias. | Use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) in children aged <8 years is not recommended. The purpose of this study was to develop an ECG database of shockable and nonshockable rhythms from a broad age range of pediatric patients and to test the accuracy of the Agilent Heartstream FR2 Patient Analysis System for... |
3,939 | In vivo and in vitro acute cardiovascular effects of bimoclomol. | Effects of bimoclomol, the novel heat shock protein (HSP) coinducer, was studied in various mammalian cardiac and rabbit aortic preparations. Bimoclomol decreased the ST-segment elevation induced by coronary occlusion in anesthetized dogs (56% and 80% reduction with 1 and 5 mg/kg, respectively). In isolated working rat... |
3,940 | Implantation of cardioverter defibrillators without induction of ventricular fibrillation. | The upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) is the weakest shock at which ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not induced by a T-wave shock. This study tested the hypothesis that a vulnerability safety margin based on the ULV can be used as an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation criterion.</AbstractText>Implant... |
3,941 | Atrial fibrillation in patients with pure isolated severe rheumatic mitral regurgitation. | This study examines the significance of the parameters that identify patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and discusses the indications for surgery in such patients.</AbstractText>Patients with MR and chronic AF (group I, n=64) and those without AF (group II, n=138) were studied by clini... |
3,942 | Comparison of a 6-hour and 9-hour protocol for evaluation of moderate-to-low risk chest pain patients in an emergency department diagnostic unit. | To compare the 30-day outcomes of patients enrolled in a 6-hour and 9-hour emergency department (ED)-based chest pain centre (CPC) protocol.</AbstractText>All patients with the chief complaint of chest pain, who were older than 25 years, or with cocaine usage within 96 hours of initial presentation, were eligible for e... |
3,943 | Echocardiographic evolution of left ventricular and left atrial thrombi in a patient with left ventricular dysfunction due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, chronic atrial fibrillation and multiple non-fatal systemic embolisms. | The echocardiographic characteristics and evolution of multiple pedunculated left atrial and left ventricular intracavitary thrombi in a patient with alcoholic cardiomyopathy are reported. The patient had a long history of left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation but the referring physician had not prescrib... |
3,944 | Protective effect of melanocortin peptides in rat myocardial ischemia. | The influence of the melanocortin peptide ACTH-(1-24) (adrenocorticotropin) on the consequences of short-term coronary ischemia (5 min) followed by reperfusion, and the effect of the long-acting melanocortin [Nle(4),D-Phe(7)]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) on the damage induced by a permanent coronary oc... |
3,945 | Effects of diacetyl monoxime and cytochalasin D on ventricular fibrillation in swine right ventricles. | Whether or not the excitation-contraction (E-C) uncoupler diacetyl monoxime (DAM) and cytochalacin D (Cyto D) alter the ventricular fibrillation (VF) activation patterns is unclear. We recorded single cell action potentials and performed optical mapping in isolated perfused swine right ventricles (RV) at different conc... |
3,946 | Role of antiarrhythmic therapy in patients at risk for sudden cardiac death: an evidence-based review. | Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for more than half of all cardiac deaths occurring each year in the United States. Although it has several causes, patients at greatest risk are those with coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function, heart failure secondary to ischemia or idiopathic dilated cardio... |
3,947 | Novel feedback based stimulation protocol shows hysteresis in cardiac action potential duration restitution. | Short diastolic intervals (DI) produce short action potential durations (APD) due to restitution. Slope of restitution is hypothesized to be critical in initiation of VF. Importance of restitution in mechanisms of VF is recently debated, primarily because of a lack of consistent characterization of restitution. Current... |
3,948 | Electrocardiographic changes following primary blast injury to the thorax. | Profound physiological changes occur following primary blast exposure but the contribution of cardiac arrhythmias is unknown. Thirteen rats, under intravenous anaesthesia, were exposed to a blast wave directed at the thorax (Group II); 10 other animals underwent abdominal blast (Group III) and nine animals acted as con... |
3,949 | Assessment of noninvasive markers in identifying patients at risk in the Brugada syndrome: insight into risk stratification. | The aim of this study was to compare the use of various noninvasive markers for detecting risk of life-threatening arrhythmic events in patients with Brugada syndrome.</AbstractText>The role of conduction disturbance in arrhythmogenesis of the syndrome is controversial, whereas it is well established that repolarizatio... |
3,950 | Long-term follow-up of atrial contraction after the maze procedure in patients with mitral valve disease. | We sought to determine the effectiveness of the maze procedure for maintaining sinus rhythm and atrial contraction for a long period in patients with mitral valve disease.</AbstractText>Although the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been effective in restoring sinus rhythm in patients with mitral valve di... |
3,951 | Production of narrow but deep lesions suitable for ablation of atrial fibrillation using a saline-cooled narrow beam Nd:YAG laser catheter. | Lines of radiofrequency ablation for cure of atrial fibrillation are broad, and the consequent loss of atrial mass may impair atrial function and contribute to the risk of stroke. We studied whether Nd:YAG laser could produce deep but narrower lesions.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHO... |
3,952 | Endocardial stimulation of efferent parasympathetic nerves to the atrioventricular node in humans: optimal stimulation sites and the effects of digoxin. | The purposes of this study were to identify optimal sites of stimulation of efferent parasympathetic nerve fibers to the human atrioventricular node via an endocardial catheter and to investigate the interaction between digoxin and vagal activation at the end organ.</AbstractText>The ventricular rate was measured durin... |
3,953 | Novel methods to evaluate controlled reperfusion techniques in cardiac surgery. | This manuscript describes two novel techniques that may be useful for comparing methods to reperfuse the heart during cardiac operations. These techniques are based on measurements of intra-myocyte ion content and the analysis of reperfusion arrhythmias.</AbstractText>Myocyte ion content was measured in normal porcine ... |
3,954 | Effect of the atrial blanking time on the detection of atrial fibrillation in dual chamber pacing. | Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and dual chamber pacemakers frequently have short postventricular atrial blanking times and sensitive atrial sensing thresholds used to provide reliable detection and mode switching during AF. However, short atrial blanking times increase the risk of atrial sensing of ... |
3,955 | Implantation of a dual chamber pacing and sensing single pass defibrillation lead. | Dual-chamber ICDs are increasingly used to avoid inappropriate shocks due to supraventricular tachycardias. Additionally, many ICD patients will probably benefit from dual chamber pacing. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the intraoperative performance and short-term follow-up of an innovative single pass... |
3,956 | Physician interpretation and quantitative measures of electrocardiographic ventricular fibrillation waveform. | The characteristics of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform may influence treatment decisions and the likelihood of therapeutic success. However, assessment of VF as being fine or coarse and the distinction between fine VF and asystole are largely subjective. The authors sought to determine the level of agreement... |
3,957 | Long-term results after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. | Operative strategies and early results concerning repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) are relatively well known. Less well defined data are available to evaluate the long-term outcome. We would therefore like to contribute our long-term data in this presentation.</AbstractText>Between 1958 and... |
3,958 | [Bouveret's tachycardia]. | In 1889, in an age preceding the invention of the electrocardiogram, a physician working in the hospitals of Lyon published a remarkable paper on essential paroxysmal tachycardia, of which Bristowe in England and Huppert in Germany had already spoken. The study described 12 cases (including 3 personal cases) of essenti... |
3,959 | [Arrhythmic cardiomyopathy]. | Arrhythmic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a clinical entity which can be reproduced in experimental models and which corresponds to all myocardial changes induced by chronic tachycardia. It may affect the atria and/or ventricles and, in this case, occur with all types of arrhythmia. Arrhythmia complicating a cardiomyopathy is... |
3,960 | [Right ventricular dilatation and intraventricular septal motion after surgical closure of atrial septal defect]. | The persistence of right ventricular dilatation and paradoxical interventricular septal motion are two echocardiographic abnormalities rarely reported after surgical closure of atrial septal defects. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors of these abnormalities in the long-term and to study their ... |
3,961 | [Cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Clinical significance and preoperative preparation]. | More than 200 years ago, Caleb Parry described cardiological manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Interaction of thyroid hormones and sympathoadrenal system (responsible for rhythm disorders) and direct effect of thyroid hormones on the cardiac muscle (responsible for occurrence of hypertrophy and cardiac insufficiency) ... |
3,962 | Congenital long QT syndromes and Brugada syndrome: the arrhythmogenic ion channel disorders. | Congenital long QT syndromes (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome are hereditary disorders of cardiac ion channels which result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death in patients with anatomically normal hearts. The pathogenesis of these dramatic events has been partially elucidated with the identificat... |
3,963 | Sympathetic nerve sprouting, electrical remodeling and the mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. | The purpose of this article is to review the nerve sprouting hypothesis of sudden cardiac death. It is known that sympathetic stimulation is important in the generation of sudden cardiac death. For example, there is a diurnal variation of sudden death rate in patients with myocardial infarction. Beta blockers, or drugs... |
3,964 | Late ventricular arrhythmias during acute regional ischemia in the isolated blood perfused pig heart. Role of electrical cellular coupling. | Acute ischemia comes with two phases of life-threatening arrhythmias, early (within 10 minutes, 1A) and late (after about 15 minutes, 1B). The mechanism of the latter is unknown and in this paper, we test the hypothesis that a phase of intermediate coupling between surviving epicardium and inexcitable midmyocardium und... |
3,965 | Cellular mechanism of reentry induced by a strong electrical stimulus: implications for fibrillation and defibrillation. | The objective of this review article is to describe the graded response hypothesis of reentry induced by a strong single electrical stimulus in the normal canine ventricular myocardium. It is shown that the graded responses (subthreshold depolarization during phase 3 of the action potential) induced at a site distant (... |
3,966 | Mechanisms underlying ventricular tachycardia and its transition to ventricular fibrillation in the structurally normal heart. | Reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) is the most common sustained arrhythmia leading to ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, despite more than a century of research, the mechanism(s) of the conversion from reentrant VT to VF have not been elucidated. Based on their different electrocardiographic appearance, reentr... |
3,967 | Concealed arrhythmogenic syndromes: the hidden substrate of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation? | In approximately 6--10% of survivors of cardiac arrest no cardiac abnormality can be identified despite extensive clinical evaluation. Autopsy data confirm that in a similar percentage of victims of sudden death no structural heart disease can be identified at post mortem evaluation. Occurrence of cardiac arrest in the... |
3,968 | Differences in the pharmacodynamics of epinephrine and vasopressin during and after experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | Vasopressin has been investigated as a possible alternative to epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We tested the hypothesis that vasopressin, in comparison with epinephrine, would improve cerebral blood flow and metabolism during CPR as well as after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). A ... |
3,969 | Is there a difference between women and men in characteristics and outcome after in hospital cardiac arrest? | To describe the characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from an in-hospital cardiac arrest in women and men.</AbstractText>All patients who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest during a 4 year period in Sahlgrenska Hospital Göteborg, Sweden, where the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team was cal... |
3,970 | Patient outcomes following defibrillation with a low energy biphasic truncated exponential waveform in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. | To determine the outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation as the presenting rhythm while using automated external defibrillators (AEDs) that delivered non-escalating, impedance-compensated low-energy (150 J) shocks.</AbstractText>AEDs delivering low-energy biphasic truncated ... |
3,971 | An evaluation of the impact of gender and age on QT dispersion in healthy subjects. | To determine if gender, age, and gender per age category, have an impact on QT and QTc dispersion in healthy volunteers.</AbstractText>This study was undertaken in 150 patients (50 per age group, 75 males, 75 females). The age groups included young (20-40 years), middle-aged (41-69 years) and elderly (> 70 years) su... |
3,972 | Variability in the manifestation of pre-excited atrial fibrillation: its quantification, theoretical origin, and diagnostic potential. | Irregular broad complex tachycardia (BCT) may be due to atrial fibrillation (AF) occurring in the presence of ventricular pre-excitation (pre-excited AF) or bundle branch block (BBB-AF). While irregularity is a defining characteristic of AF, it is a common subjective impression that greater variability in manifestation... |
3,973 | External cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: comparison of biphasic vs monophasic waveform shocks. | It is well established in transthoracic ventricular defibrillation that biphasic truncated waveform shocks are associated with superior defibrillation efficacy when compared with damped sine wave monophasic waveform shocks. The aim of this study was to explore whether biphasic waveform shocks were superior to monophasi... |
3,974 | Low-energy internal cardioversion in patients with long-lasting atrial fibrillation refractory to external electrical cardioversion: results and long-term follow-up. | Low-energy internal cardioversion is a new electrical treatment for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. This paper evaluates the efficacy and safety of low-energy internal cardioversion in patients with long-lasting atrial fibrillation refractory to external electrical cardioversion, and the clinical outcome ... |
3,975 | Syncope in pharmacologically unmasked Brugada syndrome: indication for an implantable defibrillator or an unresolved dilemma? | A 30-year-old Caucasian male was referred for evaluation of a 2-year history of recurrent post-exertion lightheadedness and near syncopal spells in the setting of a family history of unexplained sudden cardiac death. Cardiac evaluation demonstrated normal heart structure, but the 12-lead surface ECG was suggestive of b... |
3,976 | Indications for dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillators at implant and at 1 year follow-up: a retrospective analysis in the single-chamber defibrillator era. | This retrospective four-centre study assessed the current indications for dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) at implant and during a medium-term follow-up period in a group of patients treated by single-chamber ICD in the pre dual-chamber ICD era.</AbstractText>The study population consisted of... |
3,977 | Intravenous administration of class I antiarrhythmic drugs induced T wave alternans in a patient with Brugada syndrome. | A 71-year-old man who experienced aborted sudden death was referred to our hospital. Coronary artery disease and cerebral accident were ruled out by conventional tests. The 12-lead ECG obtained at rest showed a right bundle branch block pattern and ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3. Double ventricular extrastimuli... |
3,978 | Reduction in atrial defibrillation threshold by a single linear ablation lesion. | This study investigated a hybrid approach to reduce the atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) by determining the effect of a single linear radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesion on both the ADFT and activation patterns during atrial fibrillation (AF).</AbstractText>In 18 open chest sheep (45 to 57 kg), coil defibrillati... |
3,979 | Ventricular fibrillation sensing and detection by implantable defibrillators: is one better than the others? A prospective, comparative study. | We prospectively compared the performance of the sensing and detection systems of three leading defibrillator manufacturers: Medtronic, Guidant, and Ventritex.</AbstractText>Ventricular fibrillation signal was digitally recorded during defibrillator implantation and subsequently played back sequentially to a Medtronic ... |
3,980 | Catheter cryoablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation: a novel technology for ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. | Recent animal studies demonstrated the feasibility and safety of applying percutaneous catheter cryoablation technology for ablation of arrhythmogenic sites. The studies also showed that reversible "ice mapping" can be performed before creating permanent lesions. We investigated the feasibility and safety of applying t... |
3,981 | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome mimicking acute anterior myocardial infarction in a young male patient--a case report. | A young male with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome whose electrocardiographic pattern was suggestive of acute anterior myocardial infarction is described. A 21-year-old male with a history of ventricular fibrillation after being successfully resuscitated was admitted to the coronary care unit. His electrocardiogram showe... |
3,982 | [Hibernation--nature's model of resistance to ventricular fibrillation]. | During hibernation, animals lower their body temperature to a few degrees above 0 degree C. This means that when entering and emerging from hibernation their body temperature passes through the critical level of +20 degrees C, a temperature region at which non-hibernating mammals develop circulatory arrest, usually due... |
3,983 | [Silent myocardial ischemia and exercise-induced arrhythmia detected by the exercise test in the total health promotion plan (THP)]. | We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ischemic heart disease especially silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and arrhythmia in need of careful observation in the exercise stress tests in the Total Health Promotion Plan (THP), which was conducted between 1994-96 for the purpose of measuring cardiopulmonary f... |
3,984 | Effects of rhythm regularization and rate control in improving left ventricular function in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing atrioventricular nodal ablation. | To assess the relative contributions of rate control and rhythm regularization to left ventricular function in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing atrioventricular nodal ablation. This was performed by assessing the effect of ventricular rhythm regularization on left ventricular function during AF, and the eff... |
3,985 | Defibrillation via the elimination of spiral turbulence in a model for ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation, the major reason behind sudden cardiac death, is turbulent cardiac electrical activity in which rapid, irregular disturbances in the spatiotemporal electrical activation of the heart make it incapable of any concerted pumping action. Methods of controlling ventricular fibrillation include elec... |
3,986 | NHE1-inhibitor cariporide prevents the transient reperfusion-induced shortening of the monophasic action potential after coronary ischemia in pigs. | During myocardial ischemia intracellular acid load increases as a consequence of anaerobic metabolism. Exchange of excessive protons for sodium via the sodium proton exchanger type 1 (NHE1) is supposed to cause intracellular sodium accumulation. The NHE1 inhibitor cariporide has been shown to inhibit ischemia and reper... |
3,987 | Ventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery occlusion in rats: is the diabetic heart less or more sensitive to ischaemia? | Rhythm disorders are common complications in diabetic patients, due to their enhanced sensitivity to ischaemia. However, experimental studies are inconsistent, and both higher and lower vulnerability to injury has been reported. Our objectives were to compare susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in rats with prolo... |
3,988 | Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium. | The purpose of this article is to identify and rank factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium. Eighteen cases of such deaths witnessed by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel are reported. The 18 cases reported were restrained with the wrists and ankles bound and ... |
3,989 | Dynamics of intramural and transmural reentry during ventricular fibrillation in isolated swine ventricles. | The intramural dynamics of ventricular fibrillation (VF) remain poorly understood. Recent investigations have suggested that stable intramural reentry may underlie the mechanisms of VF. We performed optical mapping studies of VF in isolated swine right ventricles (RVs) and left ventricles (LVs). Nine RV walls were cut ... |
3,990 | Effects of cavotricuspid isthmus catheter ablation on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | It has been demonstrated that successful cavotricuspid isthmus ablation of typical atrial flutter combined with atrial fibrillation (AF) sometimes influences the preablation history of paroxysmal AF. However, the effectiveness of only isthmus ablation on AF itself is unclear. Endocardial catheter mapping during induced... |
3,991 | Use of automated external defibrillators in a Brazilian airline. A 1-year experience. | After the incorporation of automated external defibrillators by other airlines and the support of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, Varig Airlines began the onboard defibrillation program with the initial purpose of equipping wide-body aircrafts frequently used in international flights and that airplanes use in the ... |
3,992 | The old but reliable digitalis: persistent concerns and expanded indications. | Digitalis has been an old but reliable drug for 240 years. Concerns regarding its clinical indications and benefits still exist in the absence of a reduction in all-cause mortality. While intravenous digitalis is used without question in cases of atrial fibrillation, it is still controversial in sinus rhythm, despite t... |
3,993 | Factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. | To describe possible factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival among patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.</AbstractText>A national survey in Sweden among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitative efforts were attempted. Sixty p... |
3,994 | QT and JT dispersion in patients with monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. | The present study evaluates the repolarization abnormalities in patients with monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia (MVT) and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (PMVT/VF) by measuring QT and JT dispersion on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). QT dispersion is a predictor of ventricul... |
3,995 | Electrical storm presages nonsudden death: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial. | Electrical storm, multiple temporally related episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), is a frequent problem among recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). However, insufficient data exist regarding its prognostic significance.</AbstractText>This analysis includes ... |
3,996 | Multicenter prospective nonrandomized study of long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with tachyarrhythmias: Japanese Antiarrhythmics Long-Term Study-2 (JALT-2 Study). | Based on the results of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST), strategies for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias have changed rapidly. The Japanese Antiarrhythmics Long-Term (JALT) study was planned to investigate the present methods for choosing antiarrhythmic drugs, and the effects on long-term prognosis in ... |
3,997 | Effect of low-intensity warfarin therapy on left atrial thrombus resolution in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. | The presence of left atrial thrombus (LAT) is associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. However, it has yet to be established definitively whether low-intensity warfarin therapy (INR: 1.5-2.0) can prevent LAT formation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The present study analyzed the cl... |
3,998 | Safety and effectiveness of ibutilide in a community hospital. | To determine the safety and effectiveness of ibutilide, we conducted a retrospective study of patients in a community hospital from December 1997-January 2000, reviewing hospital and pharmacy records for 12 inpatients (aged 68+/-13 yrs) receiving ibutilide for atrial fibrillation or flutter. The cumulative conversion r... |
3,999 | AV block and changes in pacing mode during long-term follow-up of 399 consecutive patients with sick sinus syndrome treated with an AAI/AAIR pacemaker. | This retrospective study included a large cohort of consecutive patients primarily implanted at Skejby University Hospital with an AAI/AAIR pacemaker because of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) from July 1981 to July 1999. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the risk of developing AV block during long-term follow-up. ... |
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