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4,200 | Course and prognostic implications of QT interval and QT interval variability after primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. | The aim of this study was to determine the influence of early reperfusion on the course of QT interval and QT interval variability in patients undergoing primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its prognostic implications on major arrhythmic events during o... |
4,201 | Impact of right ventricular involvement on mortality and morbidity in patients with inferior myocardial infarction. | We sought to evaluate the prognostic impact of right ventricular (RV) myocardial involvement in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (MI).</AbstractText>There is uncertainty regarding the risk of major complications in patients with inferior MI complicated by RV myocardial involvement. Whether these complicatio... |
4,202 | Genetics, an alternative way to discover, characterize and understand ion channels. | 1. The conventional approach to understanding the structure and properties of ion channels has been to use physiological characterization. 2. Purification and molecular cloning of ion channel genes has enabled more detailed structure-function analyses to be undertaken. 3. An alternative approach to the identification o... |
4,203 | Prognosis of congestive heart failure after prior myocardial infarction in older persons with atrial fibrillation versus sinus rhythm. | In a prospective study of 651 older persons with congestive heart failure after prior myocardial infarction, persons with atrial fibrillation had a significantly higher mortality than those with sinus rhythm if they had an abnormal (p = 0.005) or normal (p = 0.0001) left ventricular ejection fraction. The Cox regressio... |
4,204 | Efficacy and safety of moricizine in the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. | Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the primary goal of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, concern about proarrhythmic and negative inotropic effects has led to increasing reluctance to administer antiarrhythmic agents for this non-life-threatening arrhythmia. Moricizine is well tol... |
4,205 | Biventricular pacing and atrioventricular junction ablation as treatment of low output syndrome due to refractory congestive heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation. | A 71-year-old male patient with end-stage heart failure, atrial fibrillation, congestive and low output symptoms, underwent biventricular pacing and atrioventricular junction ablation while anuric and hypotensive. Following atrioventricular junction ablation blood pressure increased by 20 mmHg during biventricular but ... |
4,206 | Effects of EGIS-7229 (S 21407), a novel class III antiarrhythmic drug, on myocardial refractoriness to electrical stimulation in vivo and in vitro. | The I(Kr) blocker EGIS-7229 (S-21407), displays class Ib and class IV effects that may alter its pharmacologic profile compared with those of pure I(Kr) blockers. Therefore, the concentration- and frequency-dependent effects of EGIS-7229, and of the I(Kr) blockers d,l-sotalol and dofetilide, on the effective refractory... |
4,207 | [Atrial defibrillators]. | The promising results achieved with low-energy, internal atrial cardioversion have stimulated the development of an implantable atrial defibrillator. Initial clinical experience with the Metrix system in a group of highly selected patients with refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) suggests that atrial defibrillation can... |
4,208 | [The maze operation--surgical therapy of chronic atrial fibrillation: modification to mini-maze operation]. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. However, its precise electrophysiologic mechanism is still not well understood. Chronic symptomatic atrial fibrillation resistant to medical therapy can successfully be treated by the Maze III procedure (M III). Several publications are dealing with alternative su... |
4,209 | [Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in post-infarct patients and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. | In patients with structural heart disease and sustained symptomatic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation without reversible cause, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has become the therapy of first choice. Besides the "MADIT indication", however, arrhythmia risk stratification with regard to prop... |
4,210 | The actions of ibutilide and class Ic drugs on the slow sodium channel: new insights regarding individual pharmacologic effects elucidated through combination therapies. | Ibutilide (I) has been reported to block I(k) and to delay inactivation of the slow Na(+) current (S-Na). There is debate about the clinical importance of the latter. Class Ic drugs block the fast Na(+) channel, but their effect on S-Na is uncertain. If Ic treatment before infusion lessened the QT increase with I, this... |
4,211 | Cost analysis of transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with and without ibutilide pretreatment. | Ibutilide may result in chemical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and facilitates transthoracic cardioversion by lowering the defibrillation energy requirement. Whether routine pretreatment with ibutilide increases or decreases the cost of cardioversion is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost ... |
4,212 | Nonplatelet effects of aspirin during acute coronary occlusion: electrophysiologic and cation alterations in ischemic myocardium. | Mortality after acute myocardial ischemia has been reduced by aspirin (ASA) but mechanisms other than the antiplatelet effect have not been established. This article evaluates an antiarrhythmic action during sympathetic stimulation in the intact anesthetized dog with and without ischemia.</AbstractText>The ventricular ... |
4,213 | The inhibitory effects of carvedilol against arrhythmias induced by coronary reperfusion in anesthetized rats. | Previous study has shown the antiarrhythmic effects of carvedilol on isolated rat hearts, but little is known about the mechanism of this protective action. This article examines the inhibitory effect of carvedilol against arrhythmias induced by reperfusion in anesthetized rats. In addition, the results are compared wi... |
4,214 | Myocardial protection during ventricular fibrillation by reduction of proton-driven sarcolemmal sodium influx. | Although the inhibition of proton-driven sarcolemmal sodium influx ameliorates ischemic injury in the quiescent myocardium, the effects when ventricular fibrillation is present are largely unknown. We used an isolated rat heart model to investigate whether inhibition of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (with the... |
4,215 | Transmyocardial laser treatment reduces ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation during the early phase (1a) after coronary artery occlusion in open chest anesthetized pigs. | It has previously been shown that transmyocardial revascularization with laser (TMR) prior to coronary artery occlusion decreases the occurrence of ischemia-induced arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of TMR on ventricular fibrillation and other arrhythmias during the early (1a) and l... |
4,216 | [A new ICD morphology criterion for differentiating supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia]. | The high incidence of inappropriate therapies due to supraventricular tachycardia remains a major unsolved problem of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. A new morphology discrimination (MD) algorithm has been introduced to improve specificity of ICD therapy without loss of sensitivity. It was the aim of this s... |
4,217 | Does resuscitation training affect outcome from cardiac arrest? | It is established that basic life support (BLS) is performed inadequately by both nursing and medical staff and that the ability to retain these skills, once trained, is low. In addition, the initial success rate from cardiopulmonary arrest is poor. By implementing the advanced life support (ALS) course and providing f... |
4,218 | Prehospital management of rapid atrial fibrillation: recommendations for treatment protocols. | The present study was completed to establish an epidemiological database defining prehospital rapid atrial fibrillation (RAF) and interventions given such patients in the hope of developing recommendations for further treatment protocols. On review of 4,749 paramedic run reports from a low-volume urban emergency medica... |
4,219 | The use of diltiazem for treating rapid atrial fibrillation in the out-of-hospital setting. | We sought to evaluate the use of intravenous diltiazem for treatment of rapid atrial fibrillation or flutter (RAF) in the out-of-hospital setting.</AbstractText>This study is a retrospective review of data with historical control subjects. Data were drawn from out-of-hospital patients reported to a statewide paramedic ... |
4,220 | Multicenter study of principles-based waveforms for external defibrillation. | The efficacy of a shock waveform for external defibrillation depends on the waveform characteristics. Recently, design principles based on cardiac electrophysiology have been developed to determine optimal waveform characteristics. The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of principles-based mo... |
4,221 | Effect of dofetilide in patients with recent myocardial infarction and left-ventricular dysfunction: a randomised trial. | Arrhythmias cause much morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction, but in previous trials, antiarrhythmic drug therapy has not been convincingly effective. Dofetilide, a new class III agent, was investigated for effects on all-cause mortality and morbidity in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after my... |
4,222 | Role of electrophysiological studies and arrhythmia intervention in repairing Ebstein's anomaly. | Repairing Ebstein's anomaly without correction of associated arrhythmia may result in sudden death. Catheter or surgical ablation is indicated for various symptomatic tachyarrhythmias in Ebstein's anomaly.</AbstractText>Between October 1973 and October 1997, 30 patients with Ebstein's anomaly underwent surgical repair ... |
4,223 | [Non-pharmacological treatment of arterial fibrillation]. | In selected patients with atrial fibrillation and severe symptoms, non-pharmacological treatment may be an alternative or supplement to medical therapy. Atrioventricular nodal radiofrequency ablation (requires pacemaker implantation), or atrial pacing for sick sinus syndrome, are established treatment modalities. All o... |
4,224 | Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone associated with possible selective cardiac nonresistance. | To review the condition of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone and to report a case of generalized thyroid hormone resistance associated with atrial fibrillation.</AbstractText>A case report is presented of a 52-year-old man with atrial fibrillation who was referred by a cardiologist for thyroid ablation because ... |
4,225 | Effect of altering the left ventricular pressure on epicardial activation time in dogs with and without pacing-induced heart failure. | The influence of an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) on the development of lethal arrhythmias in chronic heart failure is unclear. We investigated the effect of chronic and acute LVEDP increase on the epicardial activation time of sinus (SB) and paced (PB) beats.</AbstractText>Six dogs underwen... |
4,226 | [Pre and Postoperative evaluation of the incidence of arrhythmia in patients undergoing corrective intervention for Ebstein anomaly]. | Patients with Ebstein's anomaly frequently have troublesome cardiac arrhythmias. In particular, this malformation is the most common congenital defect associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the postoperative evolution of arrhythmias without the aid of any surgical t... |
4,227 | [Stratification of the arrhythmia risk after acute myocardial infarct]. | Recent studies clearly support the role of the cardioverter implantable defibrillator in reducing arrhythmic and all-cause mortality in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. However, the use of the cardioverter implantable defibrillator cannot be extended to all myocardial infarction patients despite its effe... |
4,228 | Diagnostic accuracy of KL-6 as a marker of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. | The diagnostic accuracy of KL-6 as an indicator of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity was studied in 14 men (mean age = 62 +/- 12, range 33-76 years) treated with amiodarone. The indications for amiodarone were sustained ventricular tachycardia in 13 patients and atrial fibrillation in 1 patient with refractory hear... |
4,229 | Two-coil versus single-coil transvenous cardioverter defibrillator systems: comparative data. | Two types of new-generation transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems, incorporating a two-coil (62 patients, group 1) versus single-coil (32 patients, group 2) lead system were compared among 94 consecutive patients. The two groups were comparable in age (58 +/- 13 vs 59 +/- 14 years), presentin... |
4,230 | Implantation and follow-up of ICD leads implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract. | Unipolar ICD electrodes are routinely implanted at the right ventricular apex (RVA). However, inappropriate pacing/sensing parameters and/or high DFT may limit the appropriateness of the lead's implantation at the RVA. This study examined the effects on DFT of ICD leads implanted in the RVOT, attached to the high inter... |
4,231 | ICD waveform optimization: a randomized, prospective, pair-sampled multicenter study. | The theoretical tissue model-based estimates of phase 1 and phase 2 duration of biphasic waveforms are considerably shorter than the pulse widths currently used in ICDs with standard tilt. This study used a tissue resistance/capacitance (RC) model to identify optimal biphasic pulse widths. By paired step-down defibrill... |
4,232 | Efficacy of biventricular sensing and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. | While much is known concerning the hemodynamic effects of biventricular (BV) pacing, little has been reported concerning the efficacy of BV sensing and pacing in the detection and treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Two hundred nineteen heart failure (HF) patients with VT or VF and a QRS > or = 120 ms during ... |
4,233 | Initial clinical experience with a dual chamber rate responsive implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | The present study reports the first clinical experience with the Photon DR dual chamber rate responsive ICD. Fifty-seven patients (mean age 67.6 +/- 10 years) with a mean LVEF of 0.332 in NYHA Class I (30%), II (51%), or III (19%) met the implant criteria. Tachyarrhythmia diagnoses included VF (21%), VT (49%), or VT/VF... |
4,234 | Can the assessment of dynamic QT dispersion on exercise electrocardiogram predict sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | Premature sudden cardiac death (SD) is a critical event in the natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and occurs during or just after physical exertion in approximately 60% of instances. Abnormalities in ventricular repolarization may not be present at rest in some patients but may become apparent under ... |
4,235 | Circadian variation and onset mechanisms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with coronary disease versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. | To determine the circadian variations and the onset mechanisms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, stored electrograms of 364 VT episodes occurring in 40 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 29 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)... |
4,236 | Predictors of atrial defibrillation threshold in internal cardioversion. | This study examined the clinical, echocardiographic, and electrophysiological factors influencing the atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) in patients with chronic, persistent AF undergoing transvenous, low energy, atrial cardioversion. Twenty-two patients (age 57 +/- 15 years) with a mean AF duration of 7.8 +/- 7.1 ... |
4,237 | An increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration during exercise predicts a successful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. | The aim of this study was to determine the value of an increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations during submaximal exercise as a predictor of return of sinus rhythm (SR), and of its maintenance over a period of 6 months after cardioversion (CV) of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). The study gro... |
4,238 | Increased expression of P-selectin in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. | Previous studies have shown that platelets are activated during atrial fibrillation (AF). However, prophylactic therapy with aspirin is not associated with a reduction of thromboembolic complications in patients with AF. Stimulation of platelet thrombin and ADP receptors causes a release of P-selectin, which is not aff... |
4,239 | Circadian variations in atrial fibrillatory frequency in persistent human atrial fibrillation. | Atrial fibrillatory frequency reflects the atrial refractory period during AF. This study was conducted to investigate noninvasively the diurnal fluctuations of fibrillatory frequency in persistent human atrial fibrillation and to determine the relationship between changes in ventricular rate and fibrillatory frequency... |
4,240 | P wave dispersion in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | It is important to assess the risk of developing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in hypertensive patients since hypertension is a common disorder predisposing to PAF. We sought to determine if patients with hypertension at risk of PAF can be identified while in sinus rhythm by measurements of P wave dispersion. Tw... |
4,241 | Effects of different atrioventricular intervals during dual-site right atrial pacing on left atrial mechanical function. | Recent studies have suggested that dual-site right atrial (RA) pacing via the high RA and coronary sinus ostium (CSos) prevents atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the programming of the atrioventricular (AV) interval associated with optimal left atrial (LA) mechanical function during high RA and dual-site RA pacing has... |
4,242 | Mid-term follow-up of endocardial biventricular pacing. | Biventricular (BV) pacing is a promising treatment of end-stage heart failure. This article describes our experience with a strictly endocardial BV pacing system in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Three women and eight men (age 65 +/- 9 years) with drug-resistant end-stage CHF underwent implantation of a... |
4,243 | Prevalence of potential candidates for biventricular pacing among patients with known coronary artery disease: a prospective registry from a single center. | New forms of ventricular pacing are increasingly studied as an option in the management of patients with heart failure. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of heart failure, and patients with complete left or right bundle branch block (LBBB and RBBB) and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction... |
4,244 | Opposite effects of myocardial stretch and verapamil on the complexity of the ventricular fibrillatory pattern: an experimental study. | An experimental model is used to analyze the effects of ventricular stretching and verapamil on the activation patterns during VF. Ten Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were used to record VF activity with an epicardial multiple electrode before, during, and after stretching with an intraventricular balloon, under bot... |
4,245 | Does angina the week before protect against first myocardial infarction in elderly patients? | Mortality rates for coronary artery disease are greater in elderly patients. Although prodromal angina occurring shortly before an acute myocardial infarction (MI) has protective effects against ischemia, this effect has not been well documented in older patients. This study investigated whether angina 1 week before a ... |
4,246 | Magnesium use in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the United States (observations from the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction). | The use of magnesium in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is debated, largely as a result of conflicting data from randomized controlled trials. This study evaluated the use and impact on mortality of intravenous magnesium in the treatment of patients with AMI in the United States based on data from the S... |
4,247 | The loss of circadian heart rate variations in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement and Corridor procedure--comparison to heart transplant patients. | We have presently demonstrated that when added to mitral valve replacement (MVR) the corridor procedure is 75% efficient in restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), caused by rheumatic mitral valve disease, (follow up 13.9months). In the same patient population, we obser... |
4,248 | QT dispersion: an electrocardiographic derivative of QT prolongation. | QT dispersion has been considered a surrogate for heterogeneity of repolarization, leading to ventricular arrhythmias.</AbstractText>High-resolution 12-lead electrocardiograms were obtained in 15 patients with a history of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, 15 patients with congestive heart failure, 1... |
4,249 | Core rewarming via warm lavage liquid ventilation in a swine model of hypothermia-associated ventricular fibrillation. | To determine whether warm lavage liquid ventilation (LV) would provide rapid cardiopulmonary rewarming in swine with severe hypothermia and ventricular fibrillation.</AbstractText>Intubated common swine (n = 3; mean +/- SEM weight 26+/-1.2 kg) were cooled to a mean aortic temperature of 26.4+/-0.9 degrees C. Ventricula... |
4,250 | Cardiac resuscitation after incremental overdosage with lidocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in anesthetized dogs. | There is no information comparing the ability to reverse the cardiotoxic effects associated with incremental overdosage of bupivacaine (BUP) to levobupivacaine (LBUP), ropivacaine (ROP), or lidocaine (LIDO). Open-chest dogs were randomized to receive incremental escalating infusions of BUP, LBUP, ROP, and LIDO to the p... |
4,251 | An evaluation of a new two-electrode myocardial electrical impedance monitor for detecting myocardial ischemia. | The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a two-electrode myocardial electrical impedance (MEI) monitor in reproducibly detecting induced myocardial ischemia by comparing MEI changes with hemodynamic changes, including sonomicrometric changes. With institutional approval, 80 dogs were anesthetized wi... |
4,252 | Beneficial effect(s) of n-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases: but, why and how? | Low rates of coronary heart disease was found in Greenland Eskimos and Japanese who are exposed to a diet rich in fish oil. Suggested mechanisms for this cardio-protective effect focused on the effects of n-3 fatty acids on eicosanoid metabolism, inflammation, beta oxidation, endothelial dysfunction, cytokine growth fa... |
4,253 | Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia due to renal artery stenosis--a case report. | Atherosclerotic renal artery disease is common among patients with hypertension over the age 50 years who are resistant to medical treatment. In this case report, the authors present a 55-year-old woman with unilateral renal artery stenosis with a history of cardiac arrest. QT prolongation and evident hypokalemia were ... |
4,254 | Electrical stunning of cattle. | Cattle are normally stunned electrically by three sequential cycles, first a three-second head-only cycle, to stun the animal, secondly a 15-second cardiac cycle, to induce ventricular fibrillation (cardiac arrest), and thirdly a four-second discharge cycle, to reduce convulsions after death. An effective and immediate... |
4,255 | [Implanted rhythm monitoring system--diagnostic and therapeutic options of anti-bradycardic pacemakers]. | Monitoring of pacemaker patients is usually performed by 24 hour-long-term-ECG or event recorder. The newer pacemaker generation offers a variety of diagnostic features such as histograms, event counters of sensed or paced beats, trends of periodically measured lead impedance and amplitudes of sensed beats as well as a... |
4,256 | [Sick sinus syndrome indication: AAI/R versus DDD/R]. | Numerous studies demonstrated the superiority of atrial based pacing modes (AAI/R, DDD/R) in the pacemaker therapy of sinus node disease. They reduce mortality, the incidence of atrial fibrillation and the risk for heart failure and increase quality of life, but there is still debate about the most appropriate mode of ... |
4,257 | Clinical Management for Survivors of Sudden Cardiac Death. | Sudden cardiac death is believed to affect as many as 400,000 people each year in the United States and is therefore an important public health problem. A common cause of sudden cardiac death is ventricular fibrillation. This article reviews the clinical and electrophysiologic aspects of sudden arrhythmic death and dis... |
4,258 | Is arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy a paediatric problem too? | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heart muscle disease that is often familial, characterized by arrhythmias of right ventricular origin, due to transmural fatty or fibrofatty replacement of atrophic myocardium. ARVC is usually diagnosed in the clinical setting between 20 and 40 years of age. T... |
4,259 | Factors related to the early and late success of direct current cardioversion of chronic nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation: An echocardiographic study. | To assess factors related to the success of restoration and one-year maintenance of sinus rhythm in chronic (more than 48 h) nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF).</AbstractText>One hundred and fifty consecutive patients aged 62+/-9 years with AF lasting 123+/-254 days were evaluated clinically with transthoracic and t... |
4,260 | Classification of atrial fibrillation as a model of decisional analysis for the treatment of patients with current atrial fibrillation observed in the emergency department. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia observed in the emergency room (ER). We propose a new classification of AF which is useful for the standardization of terms to be used for future clinical trials and for clinical management of this arrhythmia in the ER. We recognized three categories: (1) a... |
4,261 | Placement of electrodes for defibrillation--a review of the evidence. | Defibrillation is the only reliable treatment for ventricular fibrillation. Its success depends on the passage of an adequate current through the chest rather than on the administration of a preset energy. The final determinant of both efficacy and cellular damage is myocardial current density. Therefore, the current s... |
4,262 | Prevention of commotio cordis in baseball: an evaluation of chest protectors. | In a recent study of fatal chest impacts by baseballs, 28% of the children were wearing a chest protector. This study evaluates the effectiveness of chest protectors in reducing the risk of commotio cordis.</AbstractText>Five commercially available chest protectors were placed on a three-rib structure simulating the ch... |
4,263 | Treatable cardiomyopathies. | Cardiomyopathy is defined as primary myocardial dysfunction which is not due to hypertensive, valvular, congenital, coronary or pulmonary vascular disease. This term usually denotes a dismal prognosis short of cardiac transplantation. However, several organic diseases of the heart can result in right or left ventricula... |
4,264 | Cardiac valve papillary fibroelastomas: clinical, histological and immunohistochemical studies and a physiopathogenic hypothesis. | Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma (CPF) is a rare and histologically benign tumor, but may have a malignant propensity for life-threatening complications; thus, surgical removal is justified. Case histories were reviewed of four patients who underwent surgical management after diagnosis of CPF located on aortic (n = 2) o... |
4,265 | A comparison of T-wave alternans, signal averaged electrocardiography and programmed ventricular stimulation for arrhythmia risk stratification. | The goal of this study was to compare T-wave alternans (TWA), signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) and programmed ventricular stimulation (EPS) for arrhythmia risk stratification in patients undergoing electrophysiology study.</AbstractText>Accurate identification of patients at increased risk for sustained vent... |
4,266 | Dobutamine stress myocardial perfusion imaging. | In patients with limited exercise capacity and (relative) contraindications to direct vasodilators such as dipyridamole or adenosine, dobutamine stress nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (DSMPI) represents an alternative, exercise-independent stress modality for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). Nondiag... |
4,267 | Update on external cardioversion and defibrillation. | External cardioversion is a technique used electively or emergently to terminate arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. There have been several advances made to modern defibrillators, including an improvement in the efficacy of the delivered shock. Biphasic shock... |
4,268 | Intravenous antiarrhythmic agents. | Intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs can be used as diagnostic tools; for example, adenosine can be used to reveal the underlying rhythm in narrow QRS tachycardia. Newer class III antiarrhythmic agents, like ibutilide and dofetilide, are effective at the conversion of acute atrial fibrillation; however, electrical cardiove... |
4,269 | Diurnal variations of the dominant cycle length of chronic atrial fibrillation. | High-resolution digital Holter recording was carried out in 21 patients (15 men, 64 +/- 12 yr) with chronic atrial fibrillation. Dominating atrial cycle length (DACL) was derived by frequency domain analysis of QRST-reduced electrocardiograms. Daytime mean DACL was 150 +/- 17 ms, and nighttime mean was 157 +/- 22 ms (P... |
4,270 | Accelerated inactivation in a mutant Na(+) channel associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. | Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) can cause sudden death in both adults and children. One form of IVF (Brugada syndrome), characterized by S-T segment elevation (STE) in the electrocardiogram, has been linked to mutations of SCN5A, the gene encoding the voltage-gated cardiac Na(+) channel. A missense mutation o... |
4,271 | A partial agonist of the A(1)-adenosine receptor selectively slows AV conduction in guinea pig hearts. | The use of full agonists of the A(1)-adenosine receptor (A(1)-ADOR) as antiarrhythmic agents is limited by their actions to cause high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block, profound bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, and vasodilation. It may be possible to avoid these undesired actions by use of partial agonists. We determ... |
4,272 | ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads following administration of class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs. | Electrocardiographic changes were evaluated retrospectively in five patients without previous episodes of syncope or ventricular fibrillation who developed abnormal ST segment elevation mimicking the Brugada syndrome in leads V1-V3 after the administration of class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs. Pilsicainide (four patients) ... |
4,273 | Long term results of cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in patients with right ventricular dysplasia and malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. | To study the outcome of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicated by haemodynamic collapse.</AbstractText>Observational study.</AbstractText>University hospital.</AbstractText>Nine consecutive patien... |
4,274 | Role of sodium channels in ventricular fibrillation: a study in nonischemic isolated hearts. | Because the role of sodium channels in the initiation and maintenance of VF is not fully elucidated, we studied the significance of sodium channel activity in VF using sodium channel blockers. In nonischemic isolated feline hearts, the following electrophysiologic parameters were measured before and after application o... |
4,275 | Nonselective I(Kr)-blockers do not induce torsades de pointes in the anesthetized rabbit during alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulation. | Selective I(Kr)- (the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current) blockers are known to induce torsades de pointes (TdPs) in anesthetized rabbits during alpha1-adrenoreceptor stimulation. However, effects of nonselective I(Kr)-blockers, which produce TdPs in other animal models and in humans, are not kn... |
4,276 | [Occurrence of atrial fibrillation and cerebrovascular insult in patients at the Emergency Center of the General Hospital in Konjic]. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) presents disorganized activity of atrium with irregular ventricular striking. It is observed in paroxysmal and persisting form. Paroxysmal form is more risky for embolism (about 6 times). Aim of this research was to determine frequency of atrial fibrillation as increased risk for cerebrovascula... |
4,277 | Successful defibrillation in profound hypothermia (core body temperature 25.6 degrees C). | We report a case of successful defibrillation in a severely hypothermic patient with a core body temperature of 25.6 degrees C as measured oesophageally. Ventricular fibrillation is a recognised life threatening arrhythmia in severely hypothermic patients. The traditional wisdom is that this arrhythmia is refractory to... |
4,278 | Interactions between CPR and defibrillation waveforms: effect on resumption of a perfusing rhythm after defibrillation. | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival from cardiac arrest. The interactions between CPR and the new biphasic (BiP) defibrillation waveforms have not been defined. Our purpose was to compare the effect of CPR versus no CPR during BiP and damped sinusoidal (DS) shocks on the termination of ventricular fib... |
4,279 | Minimally invasive direct cardiac massage versus closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. | Open chest cardiac massage has been shown to be superior to closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation for both hemodynamics produced during resuscitation and ultimate resuscitation success. The inexperience of many rescuers with emergency thoracotomy, along with the associated morbidity contributes to the continued re... |
4,280 | Resuscitation in the hospital: relationship of year and rhythm to outcome. | determine the frequency of initial rhythms in in-hospital resuscitation and examine its relationship to survival. Assess changes in outcome over time.</AbstractText>retrospective cohort (registry) including all admissions to the Medical Center of Central Georgia in which a resuscitation was attempted between 1 January,... |
4,281 | Heart failure in patients seeking medical help at outpatients clinics. Part I. General characteristics. | During the last decade, the beneficial changes in lifestyle and in medical care increased average life expectancy, particularly in patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Unfortunately this also increased the number of patients, particularly among the elderly, who are susceptible... |
4,282 | Thromboembolism in heart failure: who should be treated? | The risk of thromboembolic complications in patients with heart failure and/or chronic left-ventricular systolic dysfunction is increased. Nevertheless, anticoagulant therapy in these patients is still a subject of debate. Atrial fibrillation is the only prospectively evaluated, proven thromboembolic risk factor and pa... |
4,283 | Tuberculous myocarditis presenting as long QT syndrome. | An increasing QT interval can precipitate life-threatening tachyarrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Tuberculous myocarditis is a very unusual diagnosis commonly made at autopsy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade the cardiac conduction system and produce potentially dangerous arrhythmias. This case present... |
4,284 | Control of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation recurrence using combined administration of propafenone and quinidine. | The frequent recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) despite the use of standard antiarrhythmic agents prompted the use of new therapeutic approaches. There are few data on systematic assessment of PAF control with stepwise dose escalation and the use of a drug combination. Low-dose quinidine may promote the... |
4,285 | Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in octogenarians and nonagenarians. | Studies of elderly patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have contradictory results. The studies usually define elderly patients as those older than 70 years, and include relatively few octogenarians and nonagenarians.</AbstractText>To compare the survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of octogenarian... |
4,286 | Successful management of intractable coronary spasm with a coronary stent. | Although the long-term survival of patients suffering from coronary spasm is usually excellent, serious complications can develop, such as disabling pain, myocardial infarction, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block and sudden cardiac death. A 40-year-old man who had intractable chest pain from coronary ... |
4,287 | Cardiogenic shock triggered by verapamil and atenolol: a case report of therapeutic experience with intravenous calcium. | Cardiogenic shock developed in a 72-year-old Japanese woman during combination therapy with verapamil and atenolol for recurrent supraventricular arrhythmia. She had coronary atherosclerosis, liver cirrhosis and bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. Despite of the high-dose catecholamines and counterpulsation, she progress... |
4,288 | Metastatic cardiac papillary carcinoma originating from the thyroid in both ventricles with a mobile right ventricular pedunculated tumor. | A 62-year-old man with a history of surgical therapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma was admitted because of chest pain, dyspnea on effort, pretibial edema, and slight fever. An electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation in the precordial leads and low voltage in the limb leads. A large solid mass was demonstrated i... |
4,289 | Comparison of five algorithms for the detection of ventricular fibrillation from the surface ECG. | The introduction and widening application of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) present very strong requirements for external ECG signal analysis. Highly accuratc discrimination between shockable and non-shockable rhythms is required, with sensitivity and specificity aimed to approach the maximum values of 100%. ... |
4,290 | Sudden unexpected death as a consequence of indinavir-induced nephropathy. A case report. | A 60-year-old male had tested in 1986, at age 46, positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In mid-1996 he was started on a protease inhibitor regimen, which included indinavir, lamivudine and stavudine, and remained on this therapy until his death. In April 1999 he was hospitalized after a fainting episode. Alt... |
4,291 | Use of sevoflurane for anesthetic management of horses during thoracotomy. | To evaluate sevoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic for thoracotomy in horses.</AbstractText>18 horses between 2 and 15 years old.</AbstractText>4 horses were used to develop surgical techniques and were euthanatized at the end of the procedure. The remaining 14 horses were selected, because they had an episode of blee... |
4,292 | Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of ontazolast in dogs. | To determine whether QT interval is prolonged or sudden death is caused by ventricular fibrillation resulting from torsades de pointes and to identify hemodynamic effects of ontazolast.</AbstractText>28 Beagles.</AbstractText>Physiologic variables were measured for 2 hours in conscious dogs given ontazolast (0, 1, or 3... |
4,293 | [Significance of magnesium in cardiac arrhythmias]. | Magnesium is of great importance in cardiac arrhythmias. It increases the ventricular threshold for fibrillation. Sinus node refractoriness and conduction in the AV node are both prolonged. Main indications for intravenous application of magnesium are Torsade de pointes tachycardias, digitalis toxicity induced tachyarr... |
4,294 | The effects of potassium-ATP channel modulation on ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation in the pig heart. | Drugs acting on the cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels may modulate responses to ischaemia and arrhythmogenesis. We investigated the effects of K-ATP channel modulation on frequency patterns of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and on defibrillation threshold (DFT).</AbstractText>Each group of 24 pigs randoml... |
4,295 | Brugada syndrome--the missed epidemic. | About 10-20% of patients dying suddenly or resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation do not have demonstrable heart disease. These people are often young and tragically in some cases sudden death is the first and only clinical event. One of the three main electrophysiological diagnoses to be considered in these situat... |
4,296 | Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials. AVID, CASH and CIDS studies. Antiarrhythmics vs Implantable Defibrillator study. Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg . Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. | Three randomized trials of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy vs medical treatment for the prevention of death in survivors of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia have been reported with what might appear to be different results. The present analysis was performed to obtain t... |
4,297 | Isosorbide-2-mononitrate reduces the consequences of myocardial ischaemia, including arrhythmia severity: implications for preconditioning. | The effects of the intracoronary administration of isosorbide-2-mononitrate (ISMN; 3 microg kg(-1) min(-1)), a major metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, were examined in chloralose-urethane anaesthetized dogs before and during a 25 min, acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The only significa... |
4,298 | Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the severe consequences of coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized dogs. | The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the responses to coronary artery occlusion. In chloralose-urethane anaesthetised mongrel dogs either saline (controls) or human synthetic ANP was infused intravenously (10 microg kg(-1) + 0.1 microg kg(-1) min(-1)), starting ... |
4,299 | [Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis]. | Amiodarone is the most important drug in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and is widely used for atrial fibrillation. Thyrotoxicosis, a classical side effect, was thought to be iodine induced, but recent evidence suggests that other mechanisms play an important role (toxic effect on thyreocytes, immunological e... |
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