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4,400 | Lidocaine for prevention of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation after release of aortic cross-clamping. | To determine the efficacy of a bolus of lidocaine administered by way of the pump before releasing the aortic cross-clamp (ACC) in preventing the occurrence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation.</AbstractText>Prospective, randomized study.</AbstractText>University hospital.</AbstractText>Patients undergoing coronary... |
4,401 | Ventricular arrhythmias with or without programmed electrical stimulation after incremental overdosage with lidocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine. | It is unclear whether the mechanism of death from local anesthetic (LA) intoxication is primarily a consequence of cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial contractile depression, and whether LAs might differ in this susceptibility to these two mechanisms. By using programmable electrical stimulation (PES) protocols in anesth... |
4,402 | Commotio cordis: an underappreciated cause of sudden death in athletes. | Over the last few years, the recognised cardiovascular risks of sporting activities have been extended to include cardiac arrest resulting from low-energy precordial chest impact produced by projectiles (e.g. baseball) or bodily contact, in the young, healthy and active athlete [also known as commotio cordis (CC)]. How... |
4,403 | [High resolution electrocardiography of P-wave signals in clinical cardiology]. | Signal-averaged electrocardiography of the QRS complex detects presence of late potentials which represent significant arrhythmogenic marker responsible for increased risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias especially in post myocardial infarction patients. The P wave signal-averaged electrocardiography has be... |
4,404 | [Ventricular fibrillation in chronic heart disease]. | The objective of the work was to describe in subjects with spontaneous ventricular fibrillation, after elimination of acute cardiac disease, the strategy of antiarrhythmic treatment and to evaluate, based on prospective follow-up, the effectiveness of this treatment. The authors included in the group 36 patients (30 me... |
4,405 | Short-term forecasting of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias based on symbolic dynamics and finite-time growth rates. | Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT-VF) as fatal cardiac arrhythmias are the main factors triggering sudden cardiac death. The objective of this study is to find early signs of sustained VT-VF in patients with an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). These devices are able to safeguard patients by returni... |
4,406 | Isoflurane pretreatment ameliorates postischemic neurologic dysfunction and preserves hippocampal Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in a canine cardiac arrest model. | Inhalational anesthetics are neuroprotective in rat models of global ischemia. To determine whether isoflurane at a clinically relevant concentration is neuroprotective in a canine model of cardiac arrest, we measured neurologic function and hippocampal Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) content 20 h ... |
4,407 | Effects of sodium channel blockade on ibutilide induced prolongation of repolarization in the isolated rabbit ventricle. | Ibutilide fumarate is indicated for the termination of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. It's mechanism of action is unclear but may involve activation of a late inward Na(+) current.</AbstractText>Twenty seven experiments were performed using an isolated perfused rabbit right ventricle preparation. In each exper... |
4,408 | Automated external defibrillators in long-term care facilities are cost-effective. | To assess the cost per life saved of equipping long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with automated external defibrillators (AEDs).</AbstractText>Outcomes for cardiac arrests within LTCFs were retrieved for 1994 to 1997 from a comprehensive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry in a mid-sized U.S. city. The total expense... |
4,409 | A comparison of biphasic and monophasic shocks for external defibrillation. Physio-Control Biphasic Investigators. | The ability of a shock to defibrillate the heart depends on its waveform and energy. Past studies of biphasic truncated exponential (BTE) shocks for external defibrillation focused on low energy levels. This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial compared the first-shock efficacies of 200-joule (J) BTE, 1... |
4,410 | Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on contractility, Na+ and K+ currents in a rat cardiomyocyte model of arrhythmia. | The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to prevent ventricular fibrillation in human clinical studies and in studies involving experimental animals and isolated cardiomyocytes. This study aimed to determine whether dietary n-3 PUFAs could prevent isoproterenol and free radical-induced arrhythmic ... |
4,411 | Gender differences in state-wide EMS transports. | There are gender differences in emergency medical services (EMS) transports and management based on diagnosis. Data were extracted from the EMS State Ambulance Transport database. This database exists because of a legal requirement that all EMS transports generated by 911 calls and all interhospital transports be repor... |
4,412 | [Ventricular fibrillation: the current methods for analysing the degree of irregularity of the process]. | Ventricular fibrillation has traditionally been described as "chaotic" and in recent years there has been discussions that fibrillation may be an instance of deterministic chaos in the context of nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The current paper summarizes modern methods of mathematical analysis of the degree of el... |
4,413 | Risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a multicentre study. | Ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot are devastating complications in adult survivors of early surgery, but their prediction remains difficult.</AbstractText>We examined surgical, electrocardiographic, and late haemodynamic data, and their relation to clinical arrhyth... |
4,414 | Two years' clinical experience with a quadrileaflet stentless bioprosthesis in the mitral position. | Currently available bioprosthetic mitral valves do not provide sufficient durability. A new stentless pericardial prosthesis was designed for better hemodynamic performance and reduction of stress load compared with current stented bioprostheses.</AbstractText>Between September 1997 and August 1999, the Quadrileaflet m... |
4,415 | Time dependent variability of QT dispersion after acute myocardial infarction and its relation to ventricular fibrillation: a prospective study. | To show whether increased QT dispersion on admission predicts ventricular fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction, and to determine the nature of time related changes in QT dispersion.</AbstractText>Prospective cohort study.</AbstractText>Coronary care units of three teaching hospitals in Newcastle-upon-Tyne ove... |
4,416 | [Recurrent syncope in a 34-year-old woman triathlete]. | Some weeks previously a 34-year old athlete, specializing in the triathlon, had 6 syncopes in one day. They had caused abrasions and contusions resulting from the falls. At another hospital paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had been diagnosed and treatment with disopyramide (2 x 200 mg) initiated, but she had about 15 fur... |
4,417 | Effects of cardiac glycosides on atrial contractile dysfunction after short-term atrial fibrillation. | Despite a long history of use in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), the efficacy of cardiac glycosides has not been established. If such drugs are beneficial in this condition, the general view is that the benefit must be related to their inotropic actions.</AbstractText>To assess the effects of the ... |
4,418 | Admission serum potassium in patients with acute myocardial infarction: its correlates and value as a determinant of in-hospital outcome. | Although controversial, hypokalemia (LK) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is thought to predict increased in-hospital morbidity, particularly cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality. Also, the mechanism of low serum potassium in the setting of MI has not been delineated. We evaluated the frequency, attribut... |
4,419 | beta(2)-Adrenoceptors and ventricular fibrillation. | beta-Adrenoceptor antagonists significantly reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with contractile dysfunction. Contractile dysfunction is associated with a decline in beta(1)-adrenoceptors, no change in the number of beta(2)-adrenoceptors, and an increased responsiveness to beta(2)-adrenoceptor stim... |
4,420 | Effects of ICI 118.551, a selective beta-2 adrenergic blocking agent on the guinea pig cardiac excitability and ventricular fibrillation threshold. | In isolated guinea pig perfused hearts ICI 118.551, a selective beta 2 adrenoceptor antagonist, induced transient ventricular extrasystoles. Following the termination of the perfusion, a very significant increase of both the ventricular fibrillation threshold and the refractory periods were measured. In guanethidine pr... |
4,421 | [Plasma cardiac natriuretic peptide as a biological marker of recurrence of atrial fibrillation in elderly people]. | We designed this study to evaluate the relationship between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after direct current cardioversion (DC) and the differences with aging. Fifty patients with mild congestive heart failure (CHF) underg... |
4,422 | Pharmacokinetics of milrinone in patients with congestive heart failure during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. | To evaluate the pharmocokinetics of intravenous milrinone in patients with severe congestive heart failure during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).</AbstractText>Prospective study of patients with congestive heart failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).</AbstractText>ICU between September 1997 and... |
4,423 | Enhanced Na(+) channel intermediate inactivation in Brugada syndrome. | Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac disease that causes sudden death related to idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in a structurally normal heart. The disease is characterized by ST-segment elevation in the right precordial ECG leads and is frequently accompanied by an apparent right bundle-branch block. The biop... |
4,424 | [Recurrent ventricular fibrillation after defibrillation in a patient with pacemaker]. | A 62-year-old patient was admitted for an operation of a hernia of the right groin in the surgical department. He had a dual chamber pacemaker because of a binodal disease. Pre-operatively the patient was reanimated because of ventricular fibrillation in dilated cardiomyopathy and was defibrillated 12 times, unexpected... |
4,425 | Chest impedance: characteristics of local patients. | The Pre-hospital Defibrillation Program in Singapore has in some cases demonstrated a lower amplitude of Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) than considered the norm. The Electrode Skin Impedance (ESI) refers to the skin impedance determined between two electrodes placed at specific positions on the body surface. The objecti... |
4,426 | Inappropriate pacing due to autoperpetuation of the ventricular rate stabilization algorithm: a manifestation of T wave oversensing by ICDs. | Preventive pacing algorithms designed to eliminate the pause that follows a premature ventricular depolarization have been incorporated in current implantable defibrillators. We report a patient in whom intermittent T wave oversensing frequently invoked the ventricular rate stabilization algorithm and resulted in perio... |
4,427 | Ventricular pacing failure after a single oral dose of pilsicainide in a patient with a permanent pacemaker and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | A single oral dose of pilsicainide, a Class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, is a widely used and highly effective therapy for termination of recent onset atrial fibrillation. We report on a patient in which ventricular pacing failure occurred immediately after a single oral dose of pilsicainide. It did not exhibit a parallel r... |
4,428 | Aortocoronary bypass grafting: a comparison of HTK cardioplegia vs. intermittent aortic cross-clamping. | Intermittend, hypothermic aortic cross-clamping (IAC) with myocardial fibrillation and cardioplegic arrest (CA) have been established both as effective methods for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Nevertheless, there exists controversy about the more beneficial cardioprotective effect of one of these procedures i... |
4,429 | Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 150-J biphasic shocks compared with 200- to 360-J monophasic shocks in the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Optimized Response to Cardiac Arrest (ORCA) Investigators. | In the present study, we compared an automatic external defibrillator (AED) that delivers 150-J biphasic shocks with traditional high-energy (200- to 360-J) monophasic AEDs.</AbstractText>AEDs were prospectively randomized according to defibrillation waveform on a daily basis in 4 emergency medical services systems. De... |
4,430 | Pacing following shocks stronger than the defibrillation threshold: impact on defibrillation outcome. | A recent study of shocks near defibrillation threshold (DFT) strength demonstrated that at least three rapid cycles always occur after failed shocks but not after successful shocks, suggesting that the number and rapidity of postshock cycles are important in determining defibrillation success. To test this hypothesis, ... |
4,431 | Prediction of defibrillation outcome by epicardial activation patterns following shocks near the defibrillation threshold. | Ventricular defibrillation is probabilistic and shock strength dependent. We investigated the relationship between defibrillation outcome and postshock activation patterns for shocks of the same strength (approximately 50% probability of success for defibrillation [ED50] to yield an equal number of successful and faile... |
4,432 | Predictive factors of ventricular fibrillation triggered by pause-dependent torsades de pointes associated with acquired long QT interval: role of QT dispersion and left ventricular function. | Death due to acquired torsades de pointes usually is caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF), but the contributing factors to VF triggered by pause-dependent torsades de pointes are not understood.</AbstractText>We evaluated 91 patients who fulfilled four criteria: (1) pause-dependent torsades de pointes; (2) prolonged... |
4,433 | The incidence of pulmonary embolism in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity. | The cause of many cases of sudden cardiac arrest from pulseless electrical activity is unknown. We hypothesized that pulmonary embolism was responsible for a substantial proportion of these cases and used transesophageal echocardiography to identify pulmonary embolism among patients with sudden cardiac arrest.</Abstrac... |
4,434 | Electrophysiological instability in the acute phase: prognostic significance of early ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. | In the prognostic stratification of patients affected by AMI is important to evaluate, besides the assessment of left ventricular function and residual ischemia, the presence of electrophysiological instability.</AbstractText>We have analysed 15 patients all affected by AMI complicated by early ventricular fibrillation... |
4,435 | Origins of spiral wave meander and breakup in a two-dimensional cardiac tissue model. | We studied the stability of spiral waves in homogeneous two-dimensional cardiac tissue using phase I of the Luo-Rudy ventricular action potential model. By changing the conductance and the relaxation time constants of the ion channels, various spiral wave phenotypes, including stable, quasiperiodically meandering, chao... |
4,436 | Dramatic improvement of LV function after coronary sinus thromboembolectomy. | We present the case of a 79-year-old man suffering from chronic atrial fibrillation, severe left ventricular dysfunction, massive right atrial thrombosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Complete coronary sinus thrombosis was found incidentally during preoperative screening. Successful coronary sinus, right atrial, and pul... |
4,437 | [Improved survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest]. | Internationally, survival among patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest is relatively low and unchanged at about 15%. Our experience at Sahlgrenska Hospital in Göteborg indicates a higher rate. We found survival to be related to the type of arrhythmia initially encountered, the highest rate having been obser... |
4,438 | The involvement of cytokines in the second window of ischaemic preconditioning. | We utilized a rat model of myocardial infarction to investigate whether manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), an intrinsic radical scavenger, and tumour necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha) and/or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are involved in the late phase of ischaemic preconditioning (IP). IP was induced in anaesthet... |
4,439 | RSD1019 suppresses ischaemia-induced monophasic action potential shortening and arrhythmias in anaesthetized rabbits. | The electrophysiological actions of lidocaine, tedisamil and RSD1019 were assessed on normal and ischaemic cardiac tissue using monophasic action potentials (MAPs) recorded from the epicardium of anaesthetized rabbits. Drug effects on ischaemia-induced arrhythmias were assessed simultaneously in the same rabbits. Lidoc... |
4,440 | Calcium and digoxin vs. calcium alone for severe verapamil toxicity. | Calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) is ineffective in severe calcium channel antagonist overdoses. Digoxin increases intracellular calcium by inhibiting the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzymes.</AbstractText>To examine the effect of calcium and digoxin on the treatment of verapamil toxicity.</AbstractText>Sixteen ... |
4,441 | Functional suppression of sodium channels by beta(1)-subunits as a molecular mechanism of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation leading to sudden cardiac death can occur even in the absence of structural heart disease. One form of this so-called idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is characterized by ST segment elevation (STE) in the electrocardiogram. Recently we found that IVF with STE is linked to mutations of ... |
4,442 | Incidence of left atrial thrombi in patients in sinus rhythm and with a recent neurologic deficit. | We sought to determine the incidence of left atrial (LA) thrombi in patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and with a recent neurologic deficit and to analyze the relation between LA thrombi and LA chamber and appendage function in patients in SR.</AbstractText>A prospective study was conducted in 869 consecutive patients. The ... |
4,443 | The mode selection trial (MOST) in sinus node dysfunction: design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of the first 1000 patients. | More than 200,000 permanent pacemakers will be implanted in the United States in 2000 at a cost of more than $2 billion. Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) will likely account for approximately half of all cases necessitating implantation. Pacemaker technology permits the selection of ventricular (single-chamber) or dual-chambe... |
4,444 | Recent progress in advanced cardiac life support. | The revised guidelines for advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) from the American Heart Association are anticipated in the fall of 2000. Although dramatic changes in the approach to adult basic and ACLS are not anticipated, several controversies and new drugs on the horizon may radically change our approach to emergent... |
4,445 | Endocardial activation during ventricular fibrillation in normal and failing canine hearts. | Because congestive heart failure (CHF) promotes ventricular fibrillation (VF), we compared VF in seven dogs with CHF induced by combined myocardial infarction and rapid ventricular pacing to VF in six normal dogs. A noncontact, multielectrode array balloon catheter provided full-surface real-time left ventricular (LV) ... |
4,446 | K(ATP) channel activation reduces the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. | Postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction has been recognized as a leading cause of the high postresuscitation mortality rate. We investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning and activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels on postresuscitation myocardial function. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced... |
4,447 | Continuous intravenous diltiazem infusion for short-term ventricular rate control in children. | Intravenous diltiazem was administered to 10 pediatric patients with primary atrial tachyarrhythmias with rapid ventricular response. Rapid, consistent, and safe temporary ventricular rate control was obtained in all patients given this medication. |
4,448 | Pentoxifylline improves circulatory and metabolic recovery after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | To evaluate the effectiveness of a bolus application of pentoxifylline (PTXF) at the beginning of CPR in a standardized resuscitation animal model.</AbstractText>In a laboratory model of cardiac arrest, 12 Wistar rats (382-413 g) were randomized into two groups. Both groups underwent 4 min of cardiopulmonary arrest ind... |
4,449 | Effects of endothelin-1 on resuscitation rate during cardiac arrest. | Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent peripheral and coronary artery vasoconstrictor and has been shown to improve coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during cardiac arrest. The effect of ET-1 on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest has not been studied. Our hypothesis was that ET-1 does not improv... |
4,450 | Ventricular fibrillation exhibits dynamical properties and self-similarity. | Electrocardiographic recordings of ventricular fibrillation (VF) appear chaotic. Previous attempts to characterize the chaotic nature of VF have relied on peak-to-peak intervals [Witkowski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995;75(6):1230-3; Garfinkel et al., J. Clin. Investig. 1997;99(2):305-314; Hastings et al., Proc. Natl. A... |
4,451 | One-year survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Copenhagen according to the 'Utstein style'. | To determine survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) in Copenhagen, according to the Utstein recommendations, and compare this with other emergency medical services systems.</AbstractText>Register-based cohort study.</AbstractText>Copenhagen, population 465000, area 90 km(2).</AbstractText>Consecutive group ... |
4,452 | Outcome after cardiac arrest in adults in UK hospitals: effect of the 1997 guidelines. | To assess the effectiveness of the ILCOR Advisory Statements on Advanced Life Support adopted by the Resuscitation Council (UK), as the standard for resuscitation following cardiac arrest.</AbstractText>Over the period May to November 1997, data on the process and outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation following in-h... |
4,453 | Ebstein's malformation. surgical treatment and results. | Ebstein's malformation can be defined as an anomaly of the tricuspid valve existing in the setting of a right ventricular dysfunction. The technique introduced by Carpentier in 1980 is based on the concept of mobilization of the restrictive anterosuperior leaflet associated with a longitudinal plication of the inlet co... |
4,454 | Ebstein's anomaly in adults. Arrhythmias: diagnosis and therapeutic approach. | Patients with Ebstein's anomaly (M.E.) are known to have a high potential for developing arrhythmia, in the vast majority, of the tachycardia type. Most of these tachycardias are based on accessory pathways (AP) located along the anomalous atrioventricular valve, found in up to 30% of this patient cohort. Next to this ... |
4,455 | Effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. | Information from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry was used to investigate: (a) The proportion of patients suffering an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were given bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR). (b) Where and by whom B-CPR was given. (c) The effect of B-CPR on survival.</AbstractText>a prospective... |
4,456 | Transthoracic monophasic and biphasic defibrillation in a swine model: a comparison of efficacy, ST segment changes, and postshock hemodynamics. | Biphasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation (DF) have been tested extensively after brief (15 s) episodes of VF in animal models and in patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects mono- and biphasic waveforms for DF on postdefibrillation ST segments and l... |
4,457 | Mechanisms of ventricular fibrillation induction by 60-Hz alternating current in isolated swine right ventricle. | The mechanisms by which 60-Hz alternating current (AC) can induce ventricular fibrillation (VF) are unknown.</AbstractText>We studied 7 isolated perfused swine right ventricles in vitro. The action potential duration restitution curve was determined. Optical mapping techniques were used to determine the patterns of act... |
4,458 | Predicting outcome of defibrillation by spectral characterization and nonparametric classification of ventricular fibrillation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. | In 156 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac cause, we analyzed the ability of 4 spectral features of ventricular fibrillation before a total of 868 shocks to discriminate or not between segments that correspond to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).</AbstractText>Centroid frequency, peak power ... |
4,459 | The unclampable ascending aorta in coronary artery bypass patients: A surgical challenge of increasing frequency. | The unclampable ascending aorta (UAA) is a condition increasingly encountered during CABG procedures. We report our experience with CABG patients with UAA and place particular emphasis on the preoperative diagnosis and surgical management.</AbstractText>UAA was diagnosed in 211 of 4812 consecutive CABG patients (4.3%).... |
4,460 | Comparison of echocardiographic markers of embolism in atrial flutter and fibrillation: frequency of protruding atherosclerotic plaques in the thoracic aorta. | The potential additional embolic risk of protruding aortic plaques > or = 4 mm and left atrial abnormalities such as thrombus, spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC), low left atrial appendage velocity, recently has been shown in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the presence and potential role ... |
4,461 | [Anesthetic management of a patient with Brugada syndrome]. | Brugada syndrome is characterized by right bundle-branch block, ST elevation in leads V 1 through V 3 and normal QT interval. Ventricular fibrillation frequently occurs in patients with Brugada syndrome. There have been few reports of anesthetic management of Brugada patients. We managed a 47-year-old man with Brugada ... |
4,462 | A multifilamented electrode in the middle cardiac vein reduces energy requirements for defibrillation in the pig. | To compare the defibrillation efficacy of a novel lead system placed in the middle cardiac vein with a conventional non-thoracotomy lead system.</AbstractText>In eight pigs (weighing 35-71 kg), an electrode was advanced transvenously to the right ventricular apex (RV), with the proximal electrode in the superior caval ... |
4,463 | Late arrhythmia in adults with the mustard procedure for transposition of great arteries: a surrogate marker for right ventricular dysfunction? | To examine the relation between ventricular dysfunction and late clinical arrhythmia in adults who underwent the Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries.</AbstractText>Observational study based on periodic outpatient assessment of biventricular function.</AbstractText>Tertiary referral centre.</Abstra... |
4,464 | Circadian variation in witnessed out of hospital cardiac arrest. | To examine the effect on circadian variation of out of hospital cardiac arrest according to the underlying aetiology and presenting rhythm of arrest, and to explore strategies that might help to improve survival outcome using circadian variation.</AbstractText>Population based retrospective study.</AbstractText>County ... |
4,465 | Initial clinical experience with ambulatory use of an implantable atrial defibrillator for conversion of atrial fibrillation. Metrix Investigators. | A recent study has shown that the implantable atrial defibrillator can restore sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation when therapy was delivered under physician observation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ambulatory use of the implantable atrial defibrillator... |
4,466 | [Long QT interval and malignant ventricular arrhythmia during treatment with cisapride. Report of a clinical case]. | Cisapride is largely used in the treatment of secondary symptoms due to gastroesophageal reflux, as a prokinetic drug that increases and coordinates gastrointestinal motility and gastroesophageal sphincteric tone. Potential proarrhythmic effects of the drug have been demonstrated in several clinical studies and reporte... |
4,467 | [Heart failure with conserved systolic function. Therapeutic potential with beta blocking agents]. | It is increasingly recognized that the syndrome of congestive heart failure may occur in the absence of any abnormality of left ventricular systolic function. In this situation, the clinical picture of heart failure, particularly the presence of symptoms and/or signs of pulmonary congestion, is usually considered a con... |
4,468 | [The new German resuscitation guidelines in the context of international recommendations]. | The German Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were adapted to match the revised International Guidelines. The revised German edition was based both on the guidelines issued by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 1992 and on those of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) of 1998, as well as on those rel... |
4,469 | Fatal "crack" cocaine ingestion in an infant. | This report describes a 10-month-old infant girl who died of cocaine poisoning. The infant was found apneic and in ventricular fibrillation after the parents summoned rescue personnel and claimed she had ingested rat poison. The parents later admitted that 2 hours before calling for assistance, the infant's 2-year-old ... |
4,470 | Ionic remodeling in the heart: pathophysiological significance and new therapeutic opportunities for atrial fibrillation. | Heart disease has long been recognized to alter cardiac electrical function. Detailed studies of disease-induced remodeling of ionic transport processes that underlie ventricular electrophysiological alterations have been performed over the past 10 years, but our knowledge of atrial ionic remodeling is more limited and... |
4,471 | Cardiac rhythm disturbances in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. | A high incidence of nocturnal cardiac rhythm disturbances among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome has been described in some reports, but not in others. We wished to examine the prevalence of significant cardiac rhythm disturbance in patients with established moderate to severe OSA syndrome and, in p... |
4,472 | Monophasic versus biphasic transthoracic countershock after prolonged ventricular fibrillation in a swine model. | We sought to compare the defibrillation efficacy of a low-energy biphasic truncated exponential (BTE) waveform and a conventional higher-energy monophasic truncated exponential (MTE) waveform after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF).</AbstractText>Low energy biphasic countershocks have been shown to be effective a... |
4,473 | Lipid lowering drugs and recurrences of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk patients. | To evaluate a possible effect of lipid lowering drugs on recurrences of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) after implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation.</AbstractText>In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), lipid lowering drugs reduce total and sudden cardiac death. Because the mechanism is not com... |
4,474 | A case of sinus pause due to the proarrhythmia of pilsicainide. | A 74-year-old man received oral administration of pilsicainide, a pure sodium channel blocker with slow recovery kinetics, to convert paroxysmal atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm and developed loss of consciousness two days later. The ECG monitoring revealed sinus pause with markedly prolonged PQ interval and QRS wid... |
4,475 | Unsolved problems in diastole. | It is now recognized that a sizable portion of patients who exhibit symptoms of congestive heart failure have relatively well-preserved systolic function, but have significantly elevated LV filling pressures. This syndrome, termed "diastolic heart failure," is associated with various conditions such as aging, anatomic ... |
4,476 | Predictive value of clinical and electrophysiological variables in patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. | Risk stratification of patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC).</AbstractText>Seventy eight patients with CCC and NSVT were consecutively and prospectively studied. All patients underwent to 24-hour Holter monitoring, radioisotopic ventriculography, left ventr... |
4,477 | Anisotropic effects of sodium channel blockers on the wavelength for ventricular excitation in dogs. | The purpose of this study was to determine the anisotropic effects of sodium channel blockers on wavelength (WL) and proarrhythmia. In 18 anesthetized, open chest dogs, a 64-electrode array was placed on the left ventricle and the ventricle was constantly paced. Disopyramide, lidocaine or flecainide was intracoronarily... |
4,478 | Propafenone-induced ataxia: report of three cases. | Propafenone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug used widely for the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Although it is generally well tolerated, 30 to 45% of patients may experience adverse cardiac effects. In 15 to 20% of patients, adverse effects may involve other organ systems. A wide variety ... |
4,479 | [Anticoagulant treatment in pericardial effusion--a therapeutic dilemma]. | Anticoagulant treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and pericardial effusion is controversial, since the treatment might cause hemopericardium and tamponade. On the other hand, anticoagulants are strongly indicated in many situations in AMI, including: left ventricular thrombus, unstable angina, severe heart ... |
4,480 | [Thrombolytic therapy or primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction? Israel Thrombolytic Survey Group]. | There has been continuous debate over the superiority of primary percutaneous, transluminal, coronary angioplasty (PTCA) over thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It was questioned whether this advantage of primary PTCA reported in selected populations by experienced centers can be replicated in our clin... |
4,481 | Role of transthoracic echocardiography in atrial fibrillation. | Atrial fibrillation is a major clinical problem that is predicted to be encountered more frequently as the population ages. The clinical management of atrial fibrillation has become increasingly complex as new therapies and strategies have become available for ventricular rate control, conversion to sinus rhythm, maint... |
4,482 | Peculiarities of ischemic cardiac arrhythmias in cats against the background of stimulation of sensorimotor cortex and administration of selective opiate receptor agonists. | In acute experiments on Nembutal-anesthetized cats, the effect of opiate receptor agonists DAGO, DSLET, and dinorphin A(1-13) on the incidence of idioventricular rhythm disturbances, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, was studied under conditions of occlusion of circumflex branch of the left coronary a... |
4,483 | Clinical overview of antihypertensive classes--clinically relevant differences: myths or facts? Based on a presentation by Alan H. Gradman, MD. | The goals of antihypertensive therapy are to lower blood pressure and prevent end-organ damage without side effects, which affect quality of life. The antihypertensive drugs, regardless of class, all lower blood pressure, but they vary in their mechanisms of action, side-effect profiles, suitability for patients with o... |
4,484 | Acute diabetes modulates response to ischemia in isolated rat heart. | Diabetic hearts are suggested to exhibit either increased or lower sensitivity to ischemia. Detrimental effects of prolonged ischemia can be attenuated by preconditioning, however, relatively little is known about its effects in the diseased myocardium. This study was designed to test the susceptibility to ischemia-ind... |
4,485 | Pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with cardiac arrhythmias. | To elucidate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of landiolol hydrochloride, newer developed ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with various cardiac tachyarrhythmias.</AbstractText>The short duration of action and titratability of landiolol hydrochloride make it ideal for use in patients with a clinical nee... |
4,486 | Effects of amphetamine on calcium and potassium currents in rat heart. | We used the patch-clamp technique to study the effects of amphetamine on the membrane currents responsible for rat cardiac action-potential duration. Amphetamine has no effect on the slow inward Ca2+ current (I(Ca)-L), the inwardly rectifying K+ current (I(K1) and the outward K+ delayed rectifier (I(K)) and sustained (... |
4,487 | [Electrophysiological remodeling induced by atrial fibrillation. An experimental curiosity or major factor in atrial fibrillation in man?]. | Atrial fibrillation usually progresses from a paroxysmal to a permanent arrhythmia, even in the absence of underlying cardiac disease. The treatment is more difficult when the arrhythmia is chronic. This progression may be explained by the aggravation of underlying cardiac disease with time. Another explanation is that... |
4,488 | Atrial high energy phosphate content and mitochondrial enzyme activity during chronic atrial fibrillation. | Prolonged atrial fibrillation (AF) results in (ultra)structural remodelling of atrial cardiomyocytes resembling alterations seen in ischemia-induced ventricular hibernation. The mechanisms underlying these changes are incompletely understood. In the present study we explored the hypothesis that a profound imbalance in ... |
4,489 | Prevention of ventricular fibrillation by pacing in a man with Brugada syndrome. | The unique ECG appearance of Brugada syndrome is caused by failure of the dome of the action potential to develop. It occurs when the outward currents (mainly Ito) overwhelm the inward currents (mainly Ica) at the end of phase 1 of the action potential. Because Ito becomes less prominent at a faster rate, increased hea... |
4,490 | New approach to biphasic waveforms for internal defibrillation: fully discharging capacitors. | The use of two independent, fully discharging capacitors for each phase of a biphasic defibrillation waveform may lead to the design of a simpler, smaller, internal defibrillator. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal combination of capacitor sizes for such a waveform.</AbstractText>Eight full-discharge (... |
4,491 | Marked reduction of ventricular defibrillation threshold by application of an auxiliary shock to a catheter electrode in the left posterior coronary vein of dogs. | For endocardial shocks near the defibrillation threshold (DFT), postshock activity originates from the lateral left ventricular apex, where the shock field is weak. This study tested the hypothesis that an auxiliary shock (AS) delivered between an electrode at this site and a superior vena cava (SVC) electrode before t... |
4,492 | Clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous or inducible ventricular fibrillation without apparent heart disease presenting with J wave and ST segment elevation in inferior leads. | The clinical characteristics of three patients with spontaneous or inducible ventricular fibrillation (VF) without apparent heart disease, who presented with J wave and ST segment elevation in inferior leads, are described.</AbstractText>All patients were male and experienced syncope. Their symptoms occurred at night o... |
4,493 | Amrinone preconditioning in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. | Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) reduces infarct size in experimental preparations. IPC, however, is not without detrimental effects. We studied amrinone as a possible alternative to IPC.</AbstractText>Isolated perfused rabbit hearts were given a 5-minute infusion of 10 micromol/L amrinone followed by a 5-minute washout ... |
4,494 | Pharmacological preconditioning with the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener pinacidil. | Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) decreases infarct size after global or regional ischemia. Potassium channel openers also precondition but are subject to dose-limiting vasodilation. We compared the mechanical and electrophysiological effects of ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning in an isolated rabbit heart mode... |
4,495 | Intercalated clear cells or pale cells in the sinus node of canine hearts? An ultrastructural study. | Two types of sinus nodal cells were responsible for the main differences in the literature concerning the ultrastructure of the sinuatrial node: the intercalated clear cells and pale cells. Canine hearts were arrested by (1) aortic cross clamping, (2) coronary perfusion with the cardioplegic solution St. Thomas, and (3... |
4,496 | Safety of intracoronary Doppler flow measurement. | With the introduction of Doppler-tipped guide wires, intracoronary Doppler flow measurement has been increasingly accepted as an additional diagnostic approach in the catheterization laboratory. However, the safety of intracoronary Doppler flow measurement has not been well-investigated. The purpose of our study was to... |
4,497 | Decreasing the number of leads required for an implantable atrial defibrillator: use of a new 2-lead system. | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a new 2-lead system for detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial defibrillation.</AbstractText>In 16 patients undergoing elective cardioversion of AF, a 2-lead system was compared with the conventional 3-lead system in a randomized trial. The new 2-lead syste... |
4,498 | Myocardial effects of repeated electrical defibrillations in the isolated fibrillating rat heart. | Although substantial myocardial cell injury has been reported after high-energy electrical defibrillation, only minimal injury with transient functional defects seems to develop at energy levels not exceeding those required to reverse ventricular fibrillation. Because multiple electrical shocks are often delivered in c... |
4,499 | Effects of intravenous azimilide on cardiac performance, fibrillation threshold, and hemodynamics in anesthetized dogs. | The class III antiarrhythmic azimilide (E-1-[[[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]methylene]-amino]-3-[4-(4-methyl-1- piperazinyl)butyl]-2,4-imidazolidinedione dihydrochloride; WHO No. 7299, CAS 149888-94-8), by slow infusion or stepwise bolus doses, was evaluated for effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac pump f... |
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