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4,300 | Specificity of the stress electrocardiogram during adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging in patients taking digoxin. | In patients taking digoxin, the exercise electrocardiogram has a lower specificity for detecting coronary artery disease. However, the effect of digoxin on adenosine-induced ST-segment depression is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity of the electrocardiogram during adenosine myocardial p... |
4,301 | A randomized study of intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction treated with direct coronary angioplasty. | Notwithstanding the negative result of the International Study of Infarct Survival-4 (ISIS-4), the controversy about the role of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction is still open because, according to experimental data, magnesium could decrease myocardial damage and mortality only if infusion is started before rep... |
4,302 | New atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction independently predicts death: the GUSTO-III experience. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter occurring after myocardial infarction may occur alone or in association with other complications. Whether the arrhythmia portends a poor prognosis independent of other complications with contemporary therapy is unknown.</AbstractText>As part of the Global Use of Strategies To Open oc... |
4,303 | Rate-control versus conversion strategy in postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective, randomized pilot study. | Atrial fibrillation remains a frequent complication after heart surgery. The optimal strategy to treat the condition has not been established. Several retrospective studies have suggested that a primary rate-control strategy may be equivalent to a strategy that restores sinus rhythm.</AbstractText>Fifty patients with a... |
4,304 | [Time series analysis of abnormal heart beat signals]. | The variability of electric and magnetic signals from the heart during the depolarization phase is investigated. A signal processing method is developed which provides estimates for the beat-to-beat variability of the QRS-complex. The method is based on the decomposition of the depolarization signal into bandpass signa... |
4,305 | Ventricular fibrillation threshold and local dispersion of refractoriness in isolated rabbit hearts with left ventricular dysfunction. | Patients with congestive heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) have a high incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In addition to structural, metabolic and neuroendocrine changes, mechanoelectrical feedback may play a role in arrhythmogenesis in heart failure. Three groups of r... |
4,306 | Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances the myocardial toxicity of phenylpropanolamine. | To investigate the direct and indirect effects of the anorexic agent phenylpropanolamine (PPA) on the heart and to determine whether nitric oxide deficiency exacerbates the myocardial toxicity of PPA.</AbstractText>Dose response effects using sequential drug administration.</AbstractText>Animal research laboratory of a... |
4,307 | Echo-Doppler observations during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | We describe a series of investigations that used transesophageal echo-Doppler observations during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Regular contractions of the left atrium persisted during the initial 7 mins of untreated ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular chamber deformation and mitral valve closing ... |
4,308 | Effects of repetitive electrical shocks on postresuscitation myocardial function. | Whereas myocardial cell injury can occur during electrical defibrillation proportional to the energy level of individual shocks, only minimal (or no) injury seems to develop when the energy is limited to the levels typically required to terminate ventricular fibrillation. During cardiac arrest, however, multiple shocks... |
4,309 | Experimental studies on precordial compression or defibrillation as initial interventions for ventricular fibrillation. | Countershock of prolonged ventricular fibrillation is usually followed by asystole or a nonperfusing rhythm. Data from three laboratory investigations indicate that administration of epinephrine and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preceding countershock of prolonged ventricular fibrillation significantly improves c... |
4,310 | Low-energy biphasic waveform defibrillation reduces the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. | Both clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated substantial impairment of ventricular function after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Indeed, postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction has been implicated as a potentially important mechanism, accounting for fatal outcomes after successful resuscitation in 70% ... |
4,311 | Electrophysiology of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation. | The survival rate from ventricular fibrillation is very high for short-duration fibrillation (<30 secs) but decreases to approximately 3% to 30% in out-of-hospital conditions. During short-duration fibrillation, action potentials occur rapidly with no intervening period of electrical diastole; a shock defibrillates ... |
4,312 | Suspended animation for delayed resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest that is unresuscitable by standard cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation. | Standard cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation fails to achieve restoration of spontaneous circulation in approximately 50% of normovolemic sudden cardiac arrests outside hospitals and in essentially all victims of penetrating truncal trauma who exsanguinate rapidly to cardiac arrest. Among cardiopulmonary-cerebral re... |
4,313 | Electrocardiographic waveform analysis for predicting the success of defibrillation. | A new electrocardiographic predictor of the likelihood that an electrical shock would restore a perfusing rhythm is described. The intent was to develop a prognosticator that would be displayed during precordial compression. We anticipated that such a predictor would allow more selective timing of electrical shocks and... |
4,314 | Improving the efficiency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an inspiratory impedance threshold valve. | In an effort to improve the efficiency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a new inspiratory impedance threshold valve has been developed to enhance the return of blood to the thorax during the chest decompression phase. This new device enhances negative intrathoracic pressure during chest wall recoil or the decomp... |
4,315 | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a hydraulic-pneumatic band. | Improved blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been shown to enhance survival from cardiac arrest. Chest compression with a circumferential pneumatic vest enhances blood flow, but the size, weight, and energy consumption of the inflation system limit its portability and, thereby, have made clinical ... |
4,316 | Role of mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for asphyxial cardiac arrest. | There is increasing evidence that mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing may not be necessary during brief periods of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for ventricular fibrillation. In contrast to ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrests, it has been assumed that rescue breathing is essential for treatment of asph... |
4,317 | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation without ventilation. | Current resuscitation methods, although occasionally effective, rarely perform as well as initially anticipated. Some of the disappointment can be attributed to the difficulty of the task for many, including both professional and lay first responders. Significant attention has been paid recently to the need to simplify... |
4,318 | Immediate countershock versus cardiopulmonary resuscitation before countershock in a 5-minute swine model of ventricular fibrillation arrest. | Prior laboratory and clinical studies demonstrate that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preceding countershock of prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) increases the likelihood of successful cardiac resuscitation. The lower limit of VF duration at which time preshock CPR provides no benefit has not been specifical... |
4,319 | Arrhythmias in Heart Failure. | Cardiac arrhythmias are very common in the setting of heart failure, with atrial and ventricular arrhythmias often present in the same patient. The risk and the benefit of antiarrhythmic therapies are still a matter of debate. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs should be avoided in patients with heart failure, cardiac ischem... |
4,320 | A new dual activation simulator of the left heart that reproduces physiological and pathological conditions. | Heart valve replacements are often associated with cardiac pathologies, but valvular prostheses are still tested in vitro under the same physiological conditions as for a healthy young man. Therefore a new mock circulatory system of the left heart, the dual activation simulator (DAS), has been built. The DAS allows atr... |
4,321 | Complexity measure and complexity rate information based detection of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. | On the basis of non-linear dynamics, the paper uses a Lempel-Ziv complexity measure and presents a new definition of the information complexity rate: cc(n). Using such a definition, relative properties are obtained to help identify chaotic process accurately. Applying complexity analysis to abnormal ECGs recorded from ... |
4,322 | Perioperative management of a patient requiring surgery for pituitary apoplexy and severe angina pectoris. | We describe the management of a 71-yr-old man with pituitary apoplexy and severe angina pectoris who underwent treatment of an intra-cranial haemorrhage and open-heart surgery requiring anticoagulant therapy within a very short period. Subtotal removal of the pituitary tumour was undertaken under stable cardiovascular ... |
4,323 | [Dofetilide to patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction]. | Dofetilide, a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, was tested for its ability to reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction.</AbstractText>In 34 Danish centers, 1518 patients with NYHA class III or IV heart failure and wall motion index of the left ventricle ... |
4,324 | Atrial fibrillation: the most common arrhythmia. | Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia, increases with age, and presents with a wide spectrum of symptoms and severity Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent forms require very individualized approaches to management. New information about electrical and anatomic remodeling emphasizes the importance... |
4,325 | Outcome of pregnancy in women with mechanical valves. | In women who have prosthetic heart valves, pregnancy is risky for mother and fetus. Heparin has been considered safer for the fetus than warfarin, but may not provide adequate anticoagulation for the mother. We examined prospectively gathered data from 100 pregnancies in 67 women with mechanical valves (age range, 19 t... |
4,326 | Cardioprotective effects of MET-88, a gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor, on cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. | Inhibition of fatty acid metabolite accumulation may be beneficial for treatment of cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemia. MET-88, 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate dihydrate, inhibits gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase which catalyzes conversion of gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine. In this study, we investigated... |
4,327 | Obstacle-induced transition from ventricular fibrillation to tachycardia in isolated swine right ventricles: insights into the transition dynamics and implications for the critical mass. | The study was done to test the hypothesis that an artificial anatomical obstacle prevents the maintenance of ventricular fibrillation (VF) by stabilizing reentrant wavefronts (RWF) and increases the critical mass (CM) of myocardium required to sustain VF.</AbstractText>Artificial obstacles can anchor RWF in simulated m... |
4,328 | Anticoagulants. | Anticoagulation is a treatment with significant and life threatening complications requiring that the balance of risk and benefit be individually assessed in each patient. The risks are greater in the elderly and those with hypertension, falls and gastrointestinal disease. The use of anticoagulants is now established i... |
4,329 | Factors associated with preventable out-of-hospital nontraumatic cardiac arrest. | To identify ways to decrease the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) caused by an acute coronary syndrome, we examined factors associated with the development of CA > or = 1 hour after symptom onset. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low level of physical activity, a history of diabetes mellitus, and a h... |
4,330 | Prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator trials: MUSTT, MADIT, and beyond. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial. | MUSTT and MADIT have clearly shown the survival benefit of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients with previous myocardial infarction, left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 0.40, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), and who have had sustained VT induced at electrophysiology study. ... |
4,331 | The Brugada syndrome: a recently recognised genetic disease causing sudden cardiac death. | Australian doctors need to be aware of this little-known syndrome, which is a cause of sudden cardiac death. It is more common among Southeast Asian people, who make up a considerable proportion of our population. We report two cases which represent very different clinical presentations of this condition. |
4,332 | Alternans and the onset of ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) remains a major cause of death in the industrialized world. Alternans (a period-doubling bifurcation of cardiac electrical activity) have recently been causally linked to the progression from ventricular tachycardia (VT) to VF, a more spatiotemporally disorganized electrical activity. In t... |
4,333 | Comparing cardiac action potentials recorded with metal and glass microelectrodes. | Machine-pulled high-impedance glass capillary microelectrode is standard for transmembrane potential (TMP) recordings. However, it is fragile and difficult to impale, especially in beating myocardial tissues. We hypothesize that a high-impedance pure iridium metal electrode can be used as an alternative to the glass mi... |
4,334 | Effects of [K(+)](o) on electrical restitution and activation dynamics during ventricular fibrillation. | To test whether hyperkalemia suppresses ventricular fibrillation (VF) by reducing the slope of the action potential duration (APD) restitution relation, we determined the effects of the extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)](o)) ([KCl] = 2.7-12 mM) on the restitution of APD and maximum upstroke velocity (V(max)) the ... |
4,335 | Cardiac arrhythmias in surgically repaired total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a follow-up study. | Twenty-five patients with diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, who had undergone corrective surgery, were studied at variable time period after surgery with 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter) and echocardiography. The aim of this study was to record arrhythmias, if any, and... |
4,336 | Profiling risk from arrhythmic or hemodynamic death. | Congestive heart failure is increasing in prevalence and, despite recent advances in therapy, mortality remains high. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents a significant percentage of overall mortality, accounting for almost 1 in 2 deaths in patients with congestive heart failure. In patients with asymptomatic left ven... |
4,337 | Prospective randomized trials on pacing mode: what have we learned? | Retrospective studies and observational clinical data on pacemaker mode selection indicate that physiologic pacing is associated with better clinical outcomes and reduced mortality when compared with single-chamber ventricular pacing. Methodologic flaws in such studies, especially in respect of selection bias, have cas... |
4,338 | Effect of stored electrograms on management in the paced patient. | Advances in modern pacemaker technology offer possibilities to diagnose asymptomatic arrhythmias and to document the causal relation between symptoms and infrequently occurring arrhythmias. Diagnostic and memory functions of pacemakers allow both the automatic detection of arrhythmias and retrieval of stored electrogra... |
4,339 | Transvenous biventricular defibrillation. | The recent success of biventricular pacing with transvenously implantable left ventricular leads suggests that left ventricular leads may be useful for other modes of therapy. Animal studies showed small leads inserted into a left ventricular vein dramatically reduced defibrillation strength requirements. This article ... |
4,340 | Optimal method to achieve consistently low defibrillation energy requirements. | Reduction of the defibrillation energy requirement offers the opportunity to decrease implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) size and to increase device longevity. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective study was to obtain confirmed defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) of < or = 15 J in each patient with an en... |
4,341 | Matching cardiac rhythm management technology to patient needs: pacing/ablation/implantable cardioverter defibrillators. | Data from 2 decades of clinical electrophysiologic studies have allowed great progress in the evaluation and treatment of patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias and the appropriate identification of those patients at high risk for subsequent sudden death. The goals of treatment of the patient with ventricular ... |
4,342 | Evidence rather than costs must guide use of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | Randomized controlled trials have shown superior survival rates with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) compared with antiarrhythmic drugs in survivors of cardiac arrest and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, as well as in high-risk patients with ischemic heart disease and inducible ventricular ... |
4,343 | Therapeutic decision tree for patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias or aborted cardiac arrest: a critical review of the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillator trial and the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. | Antiarrhythmic drugs, mainly amiodarone and sotalol, radiofrequency catheter ablation, and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are the 3 therapeutic options in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Idiopathic VT, incessant VT, frequently recurring, hemodynam... |
4,344 | Multisite atrial pacing: an option for atrial fibrillation prevention? Preliminary results of the Dutch Dual-site Right Atrial Pacing for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation study. | Multisite pacing is a novel concept for the prevention of recurrent drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). Two different pacing methods have been described, biatrial pacing and dual-site right atrial stimulation. The use of multisite pacing as preventive therapy for recurrences of atrial fibrillation is still under ... |
4,345 | Prevalences of ECG findings in large population based samples of men and women. | To obtain accurate estimates of the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in the general population and to describe them in relation to age, sex, and some lifestyle related factors.</AbstractText>The results were obtained from the records of 47 358 men and women participating in four large Belgian epidemiological studies dur... |
4,346 | Intradevice interaction in a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator preventing ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection. | Failure to detect ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation by implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is a rare but serious problem. We report a case of failure to detect an episode of induced ventricular tachycardia by a dual chamber ICD, due to abbreviation of ventricular detection window second... |
4,347 | Infant case with a malignant form of Brugada syndrome. | We report a 6-month-old Japanese infant with a malignant form of Brugada syndrome, who had frequent episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). To the best of our knowledge, this infant is the youngest patient reported to have Brugada syndrome. Continuous infusio... |
4,348 | Association between atrial fibrillation and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: results from a prospective study. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that may be related to hemodynamic impairment, thromboembolic events, or enhanced electrical instability of the ventricular myocardium. There is, however, a lack of data concerning the association of AF and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.</Ab... |
4,349 | Diagnosis and therapy of atrial tachyarrhythmias in the dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | Devices capable of monitoring and treating atrial tachyarrhythmias provide information about the natural history of the arrhythmias and potentially can influence their natural course by electrical therapy early after onset.</AbstractText>Types of atrial arrhythmias and efficacy of device therapies were evaluated in 30 ... |
4,350 | Pharmacological profile of SL 59.1227, a novel inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger. | 1. The NHE1 isoform of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular pH and in cardiac cell injury caused by ischaemia and reperfusion. SL 59.1227 is a novel imidazolypiperidine Na(+)/H(+) antiport inhibitor which is structurally unrelated to previously described acylguanidine inhi... |
4,351 | [Clinical evaluation of a dual chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator]. | Single-chamber ventricular cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death due to malignant ventricular arrhythmias. However, inappropriate therapy due to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (mainly atrial fibrillation) affects up to 34% of patients. Moreover,... |
4,352 | [Treatment of cardiac arrhythmia in pregnant women]. | The management of arrhythmias during pregnancy is, in principle, similar to that in nonpregnant patients, however, special consideration must be given, to avoid adverse fetal effects. In pregnant women without organic heart disease, no drug therapy is usually needed for the management of supraventricular or ventricular... |
4,353 | High defibrillation threshold at cardioverter defibrillator implantation under amiodarone treatment: favorable effects of D, L-sotalol. | A 57-year-old man with primary dilated cardiomyopathy and obesity received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator because of recurrent, poorly tolerated ventricular tachycardia despite continuous treatment with amiodarone. When the device was implanted, assessment of the ability to defibrillate induced ventricular f... |
4,354 | Simultaneous maps of optical action potentials and calcium transients in guinea-pig hearts: mechanisms underlying concordant alternans. | 1. The mechanisms underlying electro-mechanical alternans caused by faster heart rates were investigated in perfused guinea-pig hearts stained with RH237 and Rhod-2 AM to simultaneously map optical action potentials (APs) and intracellular free Ca2+ (Ca2+i). 2. Fluorescence images of the heart were focused on two 16 x ... |
4,355 | Mode of onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. | We sought to demonstrate the mode of spontaneous onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome.</AbstractText>The electrophysiologic mechanisms of VF in Brugada syndrome have not been fully investigated.</AbstractText>Nineteen patients (all male, mean age 47 +/- 12 years) with Brugada syndrom... |
4,356 | Bosentan the mixed endothelin-A- and -B-receptor antagonist suppresses intrapericardial endothelin-1-induced ventricular arrhythmias. | In earlier studies severe ventricular arrhythmias developed during intrapericardial (i.p.) endothelin-1 (ET-1) infusion. Monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90) increase and significant ST segment elevation preceded the onset of arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to test the antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic e... |
4,357 | Endothelin-A-receptor antagonist LU 135.252 inhibits the formation of ventricular arrhythmias caused by intrapericardial infusion of endothelin-1. | Intrapericardial endothelin-1 (ET-1) infusion causes dose-dependent severe ventricular arrhythmias. We examined the effects of the endothelin-A- (ETA) receptor antagonist LU 135.252 (LU) on ET-1-induced arrhythmias on six open-chest mongrel dogs. Ten minutes after an intravenous bolus of LU (5 mg/kg), ET- 1 (33 pmol/kg... |
4,358 | The selective endothelin-A-receptor antagonist LU 135.252 inhibits the direct arrhythmogenic action of endothelin-1. | Besides being a strong vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 (ET-1) also causes severe ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of our study was to differentiate between the vasoconstrictor and arrhythmogenic actions of ET-1 by using the selective endothelin-A-(ETA) receptor antagonist LU 135.252 (LU). A bolus injection of 5 mg/kg LU ... |
4,359 | Sarafotoxin 6c protects against ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias in vivo and in vitro in the rat. | The aim of this study was to investigate whether the endothelin-B- (ETB) receptor agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) can protect against ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Arrhythmias were induced by a 30 min period of coronary artery occlusion in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized male rats, or in Langendorff-perfused rat hea... |
4,360 | Significance of R-on-T phenomenon in early ventricular tachyarrhythmia susceptibility after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. | We investigated the clinical significance and mechanism of the R-on-T phenomenon in the current thrombolytic era as potential precipitant of R-on-T-induced early ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with a thrombolysed acute myocardial infarction. We also examined the role of QT dispersion on ventricular vulnerabil... |
4,361 | Long-term prognostic value of time domain analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiography in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognostic value of signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Time domain analysis of SAECG was assessed in 131 patients with angiographically confirmed IDC (age 52+/-12 years; 108 men; left ventricular ejection fraction 3... |
4,362 | Effect of ethanol on defibrillation energy requirements in humans. | The purpose of this double-blind study was to determine the effect of intravenous ethanol administration on defibrillation efficacy in 18 patients with an implantable defibrillator. The equivalent of 60 ml of 100 proof ethanol did not impair defibrillation efficacy. |
4,363 | Effect of rhythm regularization on left ventricular contractility in patients with atrial fibrillation. | In 10 patients with atrial fibrillation, echocardiographic measures of left ventricular function-interval relations were used to assess contractility and to test the hypothesis that rhythm regularization produces a higher contractile state than is seen when the rhythm is irregular. Regularization, following direct-curr... |
4,364 | CPR artifact removal from human ECG using optimal multichannel filtering. | The purpose of this study was to assess whether the artifacts presented by precordial compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation could be removed from the human electrocardiogram (ECG) using a filtering approach. This would allow analysis and defibrillator charging during ongoing precordial compressions yielding... |
4,365 | [Implantable cardioverter/defibrillator: long-term stability of the defibrillation threshold with a unipolar electrode configuration (active-can")]. | The majority of cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) implantations are currently performed with a non-thoracotomy approach. From November 1993 to January 1995, 46 patients underwent implantation of a PCD 7219C with an "active-can" lead configuration at our institution. While the chronic stability of the defibrillation thre... |
4,366 | [Treatment of tachycardic atrial fibrillation by catheter-assisted electrical stimulation of the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system]. | Treatment of tachycardic atrial fibrillation (AF) is difficult in patients with congestive heart failure because many drugs which exert negative dromotropic effects (beta-blockers, calcium channel antagonists) may depress ventricular contractility and/or decrease arterial blood pressure. We have identified 2 intravascu... |
4,367 | Ablate and pace for drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Is ablation necessary? | Atrio-ventricular junctional ablation with pacemaker insertion has been shown to improve quality of life in patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. It is unknown whether this improvement is secondary to the ablation procedure or to the pacemaker mode utilised. To investigate this we reviewed our e... |
4,368 | Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation syndrome: A prospective evaluation of 52 families. | The ECG pattern of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation in leads V(1) to V(3) (Brugada syndrome) is associated with high risk of sudden death in patients with a normal heart. Current management and prognosis are based on a single study suggesting a high mortality risk within 3 years for symptomatic and as... |
4,369 | Effects of digoxin on acute, atrial fibrillation-induced changes in atrial refractoriness. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) shortens the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) and predisposes to further episodes of AF. The acute changes in atrial refractoriness may be related to tachycardia-induced intracellular calcium overload. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digoxin, which increases intracell... |
4,370 | Proarrhythmic effects of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents: in vivo effects as physiologic substrate for torsades. | Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval is often associated with the onset of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) resulting in a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. The potential of the proarrhythmic effects of the new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin, was examined in the chronic comp... |
4,371 | [Experience in 1,500 patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of tachycardias]. | Several reports have demonstrated that radiofrequency catheter ablation provides effective control of a variety of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias. This report details the results of radiofrequency catheter ablation in 1500 consecutive patients with a wide variety of supraventricular and ventricular tachy... |
4,372 | Effect of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks on QT dispersion. | Following transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks, a significant increase in QT dispersion was observed. We suggest shock-induced increased dispersion of myocardial repolarization as one of the mechanisms of shock-induced proarrhythmia. |
4,373 | Use of automated external defibrillators by a U.S. airline. | Passengers who have ventricular fibrillation aboard commercial aircraft rarely survive, owing to the delay in obtaining emergency care and defibrillation.</AbstractText>In 1997, a major U.S. airline began equipping its aircraft with automated external defibrillators. Flight attendants were trained in the use of the def... |
4,374 | Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. | The use of automated external defibrillators by persons other than paramedics and emergency medical technicians is advocated by the American Heart Association and other organizations. However, there are few data on the outcomes when the devices are used by nonmedical personnel for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.</Abstr... |
4,375 | Fatal arrhythmia in a juvenile athlete due to myocardial hypertrophy and infarction. | This report is a case history of a 16-year-old highly trained athlete who suffered from ventricular fibrillation during exhaustive physical activity. After resuscitation and admission into hospital ECG revealed posterior wall infarction. Thrombolytic therapy was advised and ST-segment elevation reversed. Within 48 h ce... |
4,376 | [Non-invasive evaluation of the hemodynamic profile in patients with heart failure: estimation of left atrial pressure]. | The management of patients with heart failure requires an accurate and non-invasive estimation of left ventricular filling pressures. This is essential in order to optimize unloading treatment, interpret equivocal symptoms, assess disease severity (and prognosis), and follow up the hemodynamic effect of long-term treat... |
4,377 | [Non-invasive evaluation of the hemodynamic profile in patients with heart failure: estimation of right atrial pressure]. | The estimation of right atrial pressure is often needed for the diagnosis, management and monitoring of various pathologic hemodynamic conditions and plays a significant role in patients with chronic heart failure. In the past decade several attempts have been made to non-invasively estimate right atrial pressure, and ... |
4,378 | Improved cerebral blood supply and oxygenation by aortic balloon occlusion combined with intra-aortic vasopressin administration during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | Intravenous administration of vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been shown to improve myocardial and cerebral blood flow. Aortic balloon occlusion during CPR may also augment myocardial and cerebral blood flow and can be used as a central route for the administration of resuscitative drugs. We ... |
4,379 | Clinical variability and molecular diagnosis in a four-generation family with X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. | To describe the clinical variability of X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (X-EDMD) with cardiac involvement in a four-generation family with a novel mutation in the STA gene.</AbstractText>Clinical data were provided for 4 affected males and a female carrier. The Western blot analysis of emerin was performed o... |
4,380 | Incidence and risk factors for subtypes of cerebral infarction in a general population: the Hisayama study. | We estimated the incidence of first-ever cerebral infarction in regard to its subtypes and analyzed their risk factors separately in a community-based prospective cohort study in Japan.</AbstractText>Stroke-free subjects (n=1621) aged >/=40 years were followed up for 32 years from 1961. During this period, 298 cereb... |
4,381 | Influence of autothreshold sensing and sinus rate on mode switching algorithm behavior. | Mode switching is beneficial to pacemaker patients with paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias. However, the optimal mode switching algorithm is still in evolution. Mode switching algorithms and atrial sensing circuitry can influence mode switching behavior. This study compared the mode switching behavior of four Medtronic... |
4,382 | Effects of a thin-sized lead body of a transvenous single coil defibrillation lead on ICD implantation. Kainox RV Study Group. | In the interest of patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), the clinical benefits of newer and thinner transvenous defibrillation leads have to be determined. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ICD procedure duration and the frequency of lead dislocation at the 3-month follow-up of a ... |
4,383 | Azimilide dihydrochloride: a new class III anti-arrhythmic agent. | Azimilide dihydrochloride (Stedicor) is a new class III anti-arrhythmic agent that is being developed by Proctor & Gamble to treat supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Development of this agent is being undertaken due to the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and the lack of satisfactory therapy for th... |
4,384 | Dofetilide: a class III anti-arrhythmic drug for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. | Dofetilide is a class III anti-arrhythmic drug that has been approved for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Two clinical studies, which enrolled 996 patients, demonstrated pharmacological conversion to sinus rhythm to occur in 30% of patients. Following pharmacological or electrical conversion, median time to relap... |
4,385 | D-Sotalol: death by the SWORD or deserving of further consideration for clinical use? | D-Sotalol is the dextro-rotatory isomer of sotalol and a class III anti-arrhythmic. D-Sotalol prolongs cardiac repolarisation by inhibiting the fast component of the delayed outward rectifying potassium channel. In animal studies, D-sotalol has been shown to be more effective in prolonging atrial, rather than ventricul... |
4,386 | [Epicardial mapping of reentrant activation during ventricular fibrillation. An experimental study]. | High-resolution epicardial mapping was used in an experimental model to analyze reentrant activation during ventricular fibrillation.</AbstractText>In 30 isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, recordings were made of ventricular fibrillation activity using an epicardial multiple electrode. In the activation maps ... |
4,387 | Laplacian electrograms and the interpretation of complex ventricular activation patterns during ventricular fibrillation. | During ventricular fibrillation (VF), interpretation of a local electrogram and determination of the local activation moment are hampered by remote activity or intervening repolarization waves. Successful defibrillation depends on critical timing of the shock relative to local activation. We tested the applicability of... |
4,388 | Dual chamber arrhythmia detection in the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | Dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) technology extended ICD therapy to more than termination of hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It created the basis for dual chamber arrhythmia management in which dependable detection is important for treatment and prevention of both ventric... |
4,389 | Effect of a single oral dose of pilsicainide on pacing thresholds in pacemaker patients with and without paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | A single oral dose of pilsicainide, a class 1c antiarrhythmic drug, is effective in terminating acute-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), but its effect on pacing thresholds in pacemaker patients is unknown. The present study measured atrial and ventricular pacing thresholds after a single oral dose of pilsicainide in pati... |
4,390 | A two-stage discrimination of cardiac arrhythmias using a total least squares-based prony modeling algorithm. | In this paper, we describe a new approach for the discrimination among ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and superventricular tachycardia (SVT) developed using a total least squares (TLS)-based Prony modeling algorithm. Two features, dubbed energy fractional factor (EFF) and predominant freque... |
4,391 | [Circadian rhythm of the ventricular fibrillation threshold in a model of hypoventilation-reoxygenation in female Wistar rats]. | Hypoxia, similarly as myocardial ischemia, decreases the electric stability of the heart and thus produces the conditions for the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias within the 24 h period however a prompt restoration of oxygen supply or blood flow within myocardium causes serious ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore the ... |
4,392 | Commotio cordis: a deadly consequence of chest trauma. | Commotio cordis is arrhythmia or sudden death from low-impact, blunt trauma to the chest without apparent heart injury. Ventricular fibrillation is the most common associated arrhythmia, and heart block, bundle branch block, and ST-segment elevation are also seen. Commotio cordis occurs most commonly in baseball but ha... |
4,393 | The role of electroporation in defibrillation. | Electric shock is the only effective therapy against ventricular fibrillation. However, shocks are also known to cause electroporation of cell membranes. We sought to determine the impact of electroporation on ventricular conduction and defibrillation. We optically mapped electrical activity in coronary-perfused rabbit... |
4,394 | Emergencies related to implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. | Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have become the dominant therapeutic modality for patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. ICDs are implanted using techniques similar to standard pacemaker implantation. They not only provide high-energy shocks for ventricular fibrillation and rapid ventric... |
4,395 | Management of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. | Sudden cardiac death continues to be a major health problem in the United States, accounting for approximately 400,000 deaths per year. The last 10 yrs have seen major advances in the primary and secondary prevention of this problem. In patients who have survived an episode of cardiac arrest, the AVID study conclusivel... |
4,396 | Noncardiac surgery: postoperative arrhythmias. | Postoperative arrhythmias are common and represent a major source of morbidity after both cardiac and noncardiac surgical procedures. Postoperative dysrhythmias are most likely to occur in patients with structural heart disease. The initiating factor for an arrhythmia in a given patient after surgery is usually a trans... |
4,397 | Cardiac surgery: postoperative arrhythmias. | Arrhythmias are common after surgery, particularly after cardiac surgery. Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia encountered postoperatively, although ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disturbances can also occur. Older age is the most consistent predictor of postoperative atrial arrhythmias. beta-adren... |
4,398 | Dofetilide: a new pure class III antiarrhythmic agent. | Although there are a variety of antiarrhythmic agents used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation of flutter, each drug has drawbacks, and room exists for new pharmacologic agents. Dofetilide, a pure class III agent, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for therapy of these arrhythmias and i... |
4,399 | Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in lone atrial fibrillation determined by Doppler tissue imaging of mitral annular motion. | In this study, we sought evidence for an underlying atrial or ventricular myopathy in patients with paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation using standard echocardiographic parameters in addition to Doppler tissue imaging of mitral annular motion. No impairment in atrial contractile function was found, but there was eviden... |
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