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4,600 | Successful resuscitation from recurrent ventricular fibrillation secondary to butane inhalation. | Resuscitation from cardiac arrest caused by volatile substance abuse is rarely successful. Large doses of catecholamines given during resuscitation, in the presence of butane, may cause recurrent ventricular fibrillation. We report a case of prolonged resuscitation in a young man who had inhaled butane. Cardiac output ... |
4,601 | Dangerous impact--commotio cordis. | Sudden death following blunt chest trauma is a frightening occurrence known as 'commotio cordis' or 'concussion of the heart'. It is speculated that commotio cordis could be caused by ventricular fibrillation secondary to an impact-induced energy that was transmitted via the chest wall to the myocardium during its vuln... |
4,602 | Recurrent ventricular fibrillation in a marathon runner during exercise testing. | We report a case of a marathon runner who presented with chest tightness, ST-segment depression, and ventricular fibrillation following treadmill exercise testing. At cardiac catheterization, the patient was found to have an isolated lesion in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery that was hemodynamically insignifi... |
4,603 | Alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide, carperitide, reduces infarct size but not arrhythmias after coronary occlusion/reperfusion in dogs. | Carperitide, a recombinant form of alpha-hANP, possesses potent diuretic, natriuretic, and vasodilatory activity, and inhibits the renin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous activity. However, its beneficial effects on ischemic myocardium have not been studied fully. We examined carperitide's effects on infarct s... |
4,604 | Seasonal variation in sudden death in the Negev desert region of Israel. | Previous studies have documented an increased incidence of cardiac mortality and sudden death during winter months.</AbstractText>To evaluate seasonal variation in sudden death in a hot climate such as the desert region of southern Israel.</AbstractText>We analyzed the files of 243 consecutive patients treated for out-... |
4,605 | Endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine and atropine in out-of-hospital "primary" and postcountershock asystole. | Pulmonary blood flow during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is <20% of normal, and transalveolar drug absorption is likely to be minimal. Animal and clinical CPR studies have not addressed the use of endotracheal (ET) epinephrine in doses currently recommended for adults (twice the intravenous... |
4,606 | Molecular basis of electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and is often associated with other cardiovascular disorders and diseases. AF can lead to thromboembolism, reduced left ventricular function and stroke, and, importantly, it is independently associated with increased mortality. AF is a progressive disease; ... |
4,607 | The effects of high-dose epinephrine combined with isoprenaline on isolated rabbit heart and cardiomyocytes after cardioversion of ventricular fibrillation. | The effects of high-dose epinephrine (HDE) combined with isoprenaline (Iso) on myocardial hemodynamics of isolated rabbit heart were studied. The electrophysiology and L-type Ca2+ channel of single ventricular myocyte after cardioversion of ventricular fibrillation were determined. The results suggest that parameters o... |
4,608 | Drug-induced torsade de pointes: from molecular biology to bedside. | A progressively increasing number of cardiac and noncardiac drugs prolong the ventricular action potential duration (QT interval of the electrocardiogram) and cause a distinctive polymorphic ventricular tachycardia termed torsades de pointes (TdP) that can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac dea... |
4,609 | Integrated backscatter assessment of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: relation with clinical and echocardiographic parameters. | Integrated backscatter (IB) provides the quantitative assessment of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (SEC). The IB intensity of the left atrial cavity relative to the left ventricular cavity is related to atrial thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or sinus rhythm. However, little is known about the ... |
4,610 | [Alcoholic heart disease]. | Alcoholic heart disease is caused by a lifestyle in which alcoholics are continue to consume an excessive amount of alcohol over a long period of time. Total abstinence is a very effective way to treat them to prevent the development of the final stage of this disease. In contrast, repetitive drinking of massive amount... |
4,611 | [Symptoms and electrocardiographic findings in cardiomyopathies]. | Based on the national surveys in Japan, the most common symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) were dyspnea, palpitation, general fatigue and edema. Palpitation, dyspnea, general fatigue and anginal pain were common in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM) and hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNOCM... |
4,612 | Investigating the dual nature of endothelin-1: ischemia or direct arrhythmogenic effect? | Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, which may also elicit severe ventricular arrhythmias. The aims of our study were to compare the effects of total left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion to intracoronary (ic.) ET-1 administration and to investigate the pathomechanism of ET-1 indu... |
4,613 | Dynamic cardiomyoplasty: long-term clinical results in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. | Dynamic cardiomyoplasty has been considered to be an effective method of surgical treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure, and is an alternative to heart transplantation.</AbstractText>We critically evaluated the long-term course of 52 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent dynamic cardiomyoplast... |
4,614 | Intraoperative amiodarone as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after coronary operations. | New onset of atrial fibrillation is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass grafting and is a major cause of postoperative morbidity. Preoperative oral treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride has been shown to be efficacious as prophylaxis. The present study investigated whether intraoperative use of intra... |
4,615 | Involvement of Ca(2+) in antiarrhythmic effect of ischemic preconditioning in isolated rat heart. | We investigated the relationship between the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and Ca(2+) preconditioning (CPC) on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. In the control group (noPC), Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 5-min zero-flow global ischemia (I) followed by 15-min reperfusion (I/R). In ischemic... |
4,616 | Contrasting efficacy of dofetilide in differing experimental models of atrial fibrillation. | Rapid atrial pacing (RAP) and congestive heart failure (CHF) produce different experimental substrates for atrial fibrillation (AF). We tested the hypothesis that AF maintained by different substrates responds differently to antiarrhythmic-drug therapy.</AbstractText>The class III antiarrhythmic agent dofetilide was gi... |
4,617 | How previous angina influences early prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. | There is little information about how previous angina influences the complications of myocardial infarction and also contradictory results have been reported.</AbstractText>To compare the risk factors for myocardial infarction, complications, performance of left ventricle, and coronary angiography findings of patients ... |
4,618 | Inappropriate shock delivery by implantable defibrillators with dual chamber pacing during nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with heart block. | Transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have improved the management of patients with ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Many patients with sustained VT/VF have bradyarrhythmias and nonsustained VT. Shock delivery due to nonsustained VT would be an undesirable feature. Abortive... |
4,619 | Safety of pacemaker implantation prior to radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular junction in a single session procedure. | RF current delivery may cause acute and chronic dysfunction of previously implanted pacemakers. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the effects of RF energy on Thera I and Kappa pacemakers in 70 consecutive patients (mean age 70 +/- 11 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 48 +/- 15%) who underwe... |
4,620 | Initial results with left ventricular pacemaker lead implantation using a preformed "peel-away" guiding sheath and "side-wire" left ventricular pacing lead.<Pagination><StartPage>985</StartPage><EndPage>990</EndPage><MedlinePgn>985-90</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>We report our preliminary experience... | We report our preliminary experience with the use of preformed "peel-away" guiding sheaths and "side-wire" pacing leads for permanent biventricular pacemaker insertion in 13 patients with heart failure. Three of these patients were undergoing an upgrade of a preexistent VVIR pacing system after prior His ablation for m... |
4,621 | Corrected QT interval prolongation associated with intravenous haloperidol in acute coronary syndromes. | We report on three patients with acute coronary syndromes who developed QT interval prolongation associated with intravenous haloperidol use. One developed ventricular fibrillation. We also review 21 such patients from the literature. Haloperidol should be used with caution and QT intervals monitored closely in patient... |
4,622 | Electrophysiological effect of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine on atrial and ventricular action potential duration in humans. | Bolus injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or adenosine is widely used clinically for terminating supraventricular tachycardia. However, bolus injection of these drugs has been reported to provoke atrial fibrillation (Afib). The effects of ATP and adenosine on the monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) of atr... |
4,623 | Esmolol versus diltiazem in the treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter after open heart surgery. | Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias are common after open heart surgery. Possible causative factors for these arrhythmias include operative trauma, atrial ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, pericardial irritation, and excess catecholamines. Two agents commonly used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation or atr... |
4,624 | Arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy based on echocardiography and 12-lead, signal-averaged, and 24-hour holter electrocardiography. | To date, considerable controversy exists regarding noninvasive arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Methods and Results Between 1992 and 1997, 202 patients with IDC without a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent echocardiography, signal-averaged electrocardio... |
4,625 | A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of sotalol, amiodarone, and digoxin for the reversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation. | A prospective, randomized controlled trial of new-onset atrial fibrillation was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of sotalol and amiodarone (active treatment) with rate control by digoxin alone for successful reversion to sinus rhythm at 48 hours.</AbstractText>We prospectively randomly assigned 120 patients... |
4,626 | The Framingham Study: ITS 50-year legacy and future promise. | The Framingham Study was initiated in 1948 to investigate an epidemic of coronary disease in the USA, using a prospective epidemiological approach. Insights were provided into the prevalence, incidence, full clinical spectrum and predisposing factors. The major "risk factors" (a term coined by the Framingham Study) for... |
4,627 | Evaluation of the indirect revascularization method after 3 months chronic myocardial ischemia. | The long-term effectiveness of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) was evaluated in the setting of a severe left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis.</AbstractText>To employ the chronic ischemic model, pigs underwent three operative procedures over a 13-week period. In the first operation, an operative... |
4,628 | Hypermagnesemia-induced cardiopulmonary arrest before induction of anesthesia for emergency cesarean section. | We describe a 42-yr-old woman scheduled for emergency cesarean section who had sudden cardiopulmonary arrest just before induction of general anesthesia. Hypermagnesemia, caused by accidental overdose of magnesium sulfate during transportation to the operating room, was the primary cause of this life-threatening event.... |
4,629 | Increased connexin43 gap junction protein in hamster cardiomyocytes during cold acclimatization and hibernation. | The physiology of hibernation is characterized by dramatic reductions of heart rate, respiration, metabolism, blood pressure and body temperature and by resistance to ventricular fibrillation. Gap junctions in the heart provide low resistance pathways, facilitating electrical and metabolic coupling between cardiac musc... |
4,630 | Resuscitation after prolonged ventricular fibrillation with use of monophasic and biphasic waveform pulses for external defibrillation. | Survival after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) appears severely limited by 2 major factors: (1) low defibrillation success rates and (2) persistent post-countershock myocardial dysfunction. Biphasic (BP) waveforms may prove capable of favorably modifying these limitations. However, they have not been rigorously... |
4,631 | Long QT syndrome: ionic basis and arrhythmia mechanism in long QT syndrome type 1. | Long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1) causes torsades de pointes arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden death. It usually is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait (Romano-Ward syndrome). The primary defect in LQT1 is a mutation in KVLQT1, a gene that encodes the pore-forming alpha-subunit of a K+ channel. KvLQT1 ... |
4,632 | Evidence for a cardiac ion channel mutation underlying drug-induced QT prolongation and life-threatening arrhythmias. | The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that some cases of drug-induced arrhythmias depend on genetic predisposition. Excessive prolongation of the QT interval and life-threatening arrhythmias (torsades de pointes or ventricular fibrillation) may occur in response to a variety of cardiac and noncardiac drugs, ... |
4,633 | Successful catheter ablation in a patient with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. | We describe a patient with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) without organic heart disease who was cured by radiofrequency catheter ablation. The patient was a 65-year-old woman with a 10-year history of recurrent syncope. There was no evidence of organic heart disease, and the QT ... |
4,634 | Electrophysiologic deterioration after one-minute fibrillation increases relative biphasic defibrillation efficacy. | The probability of survival decreases to 70% after 2 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. Biphasic shocks are more effective than monophasic shocks in terminating short-duration (<30 sec) ventricular fibrillation. We tested the hypotheses that developing ischemia changes the electrophysiologic characteristics of fib... |
4,635 | Regional hyperkalemia increases ventricular defibrillation energy requirements: role of electrical heterogeneity in defibrillation. | Increased spatial electrical heterogeneity has been associated with impaired defibrillation efficacy. The current study investigated the relationship between electrical heterogeneity and defibrillation efficacy by manipulating spatial electrical heterogeneity.</AbstractText>We increased spatial electrical heterogeneity... |
4,636 | Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with so-called lone atrial fibrillation. | Lone atrial fibrillation (AF) is defined by the absence of identifiable causes of AF, but its hemodynamics have not been investigated. Twenty-eight patients with lone AF were compared with 14 control patients referred for Wolff-Parkinson-White ablation. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were performed ... |
4,637 | [Variable late potentials in long-term ECG of the post-infarct patient at risk for ventricular fibrillation]. | Ventricular late potentials are found more readily in post-infarction patients who had sustained ventricular tachycardia than in those who survived ventricular fibrillation. Hypothetically, a daytime variability of late potentials might be responsible for this finding.</AbstractText>Therefore a conventional late potent... |
4,638 | [Ventricular fibrillation in intra-atrial cardioversion of atrial fibrillation]. | Recently intra-atrial defibrillation has become an interesting alternative to external defibrillation and drug therapy for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Low-energy intra-atrial defibrillation can be used to restore sinus rhythm f.ex. after a failed external cardioversion or during an electrophysiologic study wh... |
4,639 | [Projection of new antihistamines]. | The metabolic fate of most antihistamines is not clearly established. The drugs usually appear to be extensively metabolized,mainly in the liver. Some second generation antihistamines are metabolized principally by the cytochrome P-450 microsomal enzyme system, mainly by the isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), although other isoen... |
4,640 | Effective arterial elastance of irregular beats during atrial fibrillation in canine left ventricle. | Effective arterial elastance (E(a)) was originally defined as the end-systolic pressure (ESP)/stroke volume (SV) ratio of the left ventricle (LV). E(a) combined with LV contractility (E(max)), E(a)/E(max), proved to be powerful in analyzing the ventriculo-arterial coupling of normal and failing hearts in regular beats.... |
4,641 | Capture and fusion beats during atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. | Two patients were presented, and two previously unreported observations were made. Patient 1, a 50 year old man with episodic palpitations and dizziness for 10 years, exhibited initiation of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) by atrial fibrillation (AF). Patient 2, a 43 year old woman with a structurally normal he... |
4,642 | Prevalence of the Brugada sign in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and healthy controls. | To determine the prevalence of the Brugada sign (right bundle branch block with ST elevation in V1-V3) in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and in an age matched healthy population.</AbstractText>ECGs from 39 consecutive patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and 592 healthy controls were reviewed. They we... |
4,643 | Reoperative coronary artery bypass via left thoracotomy. | The patient was a 49-year-old woman. When she was 39 years old, she underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery, saphenous vein graft to first diagonal branch). At the age 48, she had effort angina. On coronary angiography, triple-vessel disease was found,... |
4,644 | Cardiac K+ channels and drug-acquired long QT syndrome. | The hallmark of long QT syndromes (LQTS) is an abnormal ventricular repolarization characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram and a propensity to the occurrence of syncopes resulting from polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, called torsades de pointes. They may degenerate to ventricular fibrillat... |
4,645 | [Antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with heart failure]. | In patients with severe chronic heart failure, many deaths are sudden due to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Supraventricular arrhythmias such as paroxysmal or chronic atrial fibrillation may also cause serious complications in those patients due to acute loss of atrial contraction, pump failure during rapid ... |
4,646 | Effect of atrial fibrillation on pulmonary venous flow patterns assessed by Doppler transesophageal echocardiography. | To investigate the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on pulmonary venous flow (PVF) patterns in a cohort with nonrheumatic AF.</AbstractText>A prospective and controlled study undertaken at a tertiary referral medical center.</AbstractText>The echocardiographic parameters of left superior PVF as assessed by Doppler tr... |
4,647 | Long-term prognosis of acute pulmonary oedema--an ominous outcome. | Acute pulmonary oedema (APOE) is a major health problem, leading to poor hospital and long-term outcomes. There is a relative paucity of studies describing prognosis of consecutive unsolicited patients diagnosed with APOE and hospitalized in internal medicine departments.</AbstractText>To describe the clinical profile ... |
4,648 | Homicidal commotio cordis in two children. | This paper's objective is to describe two cases of fatal commotio cordis resulting from the deliberate striking of children's chests by adults with their fists. These deaths involve two male children, ages 3 years and 14 months. The clinical histories, events in the households prior to the deaths, behaviors of the chil... |
4,649 | Effects of the I(K.ATP) blockers glibenclamide and HMR1883 on cardiac electrophysiology during ischemia and reperfusion. | Clinical evidence indicates an antiarrhythmic effect of sulfonylureas, which might be blunted by their vascular action. We wanted to investigate the effect of glibenclamide and the new sulfonylthiourea compound 1-[[5-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]-sulfonyl]-3 -me thylthiourea (HMR1883) on cardiac elec... |
4,650 | [Legal aspects in early defibrillation by trained lay respondents]. | Ventricular fibrillation is the main reason for cardiac arrest. The probability for survival decreases by 10% every minute, therefore immediate resuscitation is necessary. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by trained first responders is already established, when a doctor is not available. Today automated external def... |
4,651 | Acute heart failure in the parturient--do not forget phaeochromocytoma. | Phaeochromocytoma is a rare condition and extremely rare in pregnancy. Diagnosis is notoriously difficult, as phaeochromocytoma may present a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The key to a successful outcome is a high index of suspicion of its existence and its early diagnosis. |
4,652 | The use of calcium salts in the prevention and management of verapamil-induced hypotension. | To review the available literature on the use of intravenous calcium salts for the prevention of hypotension associated with intravenous verapamil.</AbstractText>A MEDLINE search (1966-June 1999) identified pertinent articles; references from these articles were identified to serve as additional resources.</AbstractTex... |
4,653 | The antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of (-)-MJ-451, an ATP-sensitive K(+) channel opener. | ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel openers have been shown to be a potential class of therapeutic agents for the control of cardiovascular diseases, including angina, arrhythmias, and hypertension. In this study, the pharmacological activity of 6-cyano-3S,4R-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-3-hydroxy-4-[5S-(1-hydroxymethyl)-2... |
4,654 | Nicotine increases ventricular vulnerability to fibrillation in hearts with healed myocardial infarction. | The vulnerability of the infarcted hearts to ventricular fibrillation (VF) was tested in in situ canine hearts during nicotine infusion. The activation pattern was mapped with 477 bipolar electrodes in open-chest anesthetized dogs (n = 8) 5-6 wk after permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery.... |
4,655 | Experimental study of the effects of multi-site sequential ventricular pacing on the prophylaxis of ventricular fibrillation. | Previous studies report a significant prophylactic effect on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation by simultaneous multi-site atrial pacing. We investigated the effects of multi-site sequential ventricular pacing (MSVP), which may be preferable to simultaneous multi-site pacing in terms of the prophylaxis of the occurr... |
4,656 | Drug therapy of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Is there still a role? | This article provides a review of the risks faced by patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the absence of a reversible or transient cause so that the goals of therapy can be clearly defined. The therapeutic approaches that have been proposed to achieve these goals are ... |
4,657 | Application of noninvasive and invasive tests for risk assessment in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. | Sudden cardiac death remains a major public health problem in western society. Because most patients who experience cardiac arrest are not successfully resuscitated, primary prevention of sudden death remains an important challenge. A number of noninvasive risk stratification techniques have been suggested as providing... |
4,658 | [Transportation of patients with acute myocardial infarction]. | The aim of this study was to describe the results and experiences from a local hospital concerning transports with patients with acute myocardial infarction to primary PTCA. Our material includes 27 patients who had primary PTCA. There were no complications during the transports. None of the patients had hypotension or... |
4,659 | [A surgical case of atrial septal defect with myotonic dystrophy]. | A case report is presented of a 16-year-old woman with myotonic dystrophy, who required open-heart surgery for an atrial septal defect. We successfully repaired an atrial septal defect using normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and electrically maintained ventricular fibrillation. Anesthesia using fentanyl, vecronium an... |
4,660 | Basic mechanisms of atrial fibrillation--very new insights into very old ideas. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) was recognized and studied extensively in the early twentieth century, but many fundamental aspects of the arrhythmia were poorly understood until quite recently. It is now recognized that AF can be initiated by a variety of mechanisms that share the ability to cause extremely rapid, irregular ... |
4,661 | Ventricular fibrillation: mechanisms of initiation and maintenance. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the major immediate cause of sudden cardiac death. Traditionally, VF has been defined as turbulent cardiac electrical activity, which implies a large amount of irregularity in the electrical waves that underlie ventricular excitation. During VF, the heart rate is too high (> 550 exci... |
4,662 | Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of left atrial clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis: a prospective study in 200 patients by transesophageal echocardiography. | The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate various clinical and echocardiographic variables to predict the left atrial and left atrial appendage clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. We studied 200 consecutive patients (112 males and 88 females; mean age... |
4,663 | Automatic external defibrillators: changing the way we manage ventricular fibrillation. | To discuss recent developments in automatic defibrillation and to review the evidence that first-responders equipped with automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.</AbstractText>MEDLINE search from 1966 to 1999 (articles in English only) and examination of bibliograp... |
4,664 | Time course and mechanism of myocardial catecholamine release during transient ischemia in vivo. | Elevated concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) have been observed in ischemic myocardium. We investigated the magnitude and mechanism of catecholamine release in the myocardial interstitial fluid (MIF) during ischemia and reperfusion in vivo through the use of microdialysis.</AbstractText>In 9 anesthetized pigs, inters... |
4,665 | Effects of experimental heart failure on atrial cellular and ionic electrophysiology. | Congestive heart failure (CHF) is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about the effects of CHF on atrial cellular electrophysiology.</AbstractText>We studied action potential (AP) properties and ionic currents in atrial myocytes from dogs with CHF induced by ventricular pacing at 22... |
4,666 | Termination of asynchronous contractile activity in rat atrial myocytes by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. | A protective effect of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing ventricular fibrillation in experimental animals and cultured cardiomyocytes has been demonstrated in a number of studies. In this study, a possible role for the n-3 PUFAs in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) was investigated at th... |
4,667 | Controlled postcardioplegia reperfusion: mechanism for attenuation of reperfusion injury. | Controlled reperfusion and secondary cardioplegia are used to minimize reperfusion injury. The mechanisms for their benefit are incompletely defined and may include attenuation of myocyte sodium uptake.</AbstractText>Pigs had 1 hour of cardioplegic arrest followed by reperfusion with blood (control) or warm cardioplegi... |
4,668 | Comparison of retrograde vs simultaneous ante/retrograde cold blood cardioplegia. | To evaluate the homeostasis of myocardium during simultaneous continuous retrograde and antegrade cardioplegia vs retrograde continuous cardioplegia.</AbstractText>40 patients who underwent elective operation of coronary arteries bypass grafting were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group one consisted of 24 patients who... |
4,669 | Left ventricular myocardial adenosine triphosphate changes during reperfusion of ventricular fibrillation: the influence of flow and epinephrine. | To determine whether epinephrine in combination with high flow worsens left ventricular (LV) myocardial high-energy phosphate stores during reperfusion of ischemic ventricular fibrillation (VF).</AbstractText>Blinded, prospective block randomized, placebo controlled study.</AbstractText>University medical center resear... |
4,670 | Adverse effects of high-dose epinephrine on cerebral blood flow during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | To study the effects of high-dose epinephrine, compared with standard-dose epinephrine, on the dynamics of superficial cortical cerebral blood flow as well as global cerebral oxygenation during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We hypothesized that high-dose epinephrine might be unable to improve cerebral blo... |
4,671 | Time averaged spatial distribution of epicardial dominant frequencies during ventricular fibrillation. | Recent evidence suggests that the dominant frequencies during ventricular fibrillation (VF) may be used as indicators of dispersion in repolarization and in activation patterns. In the present study, we quantified dominant frequencies from multiple epicardial electrodes to investigate if there are differences in the av... |
4,672 | Time-frequency representation of epicardial electrograms during ventricular fibrillation. | In the present study we quantified changes in dominant frequency, which is reciprocal of activation interval or cycle period, during ventricular fibrillation (VF). We used a Smoothed Pseudo Wigner Distribution (SPWD) to estimate time-frequency representations of epicardial electrograms recorded in swines. We used a soc... |
4,673 | [Long-term outcome of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment for ventricular arrhythmias]. | Recent advances of nonpharmacological therapy such as catheter ablation and implantable cardioverter defibrillator and lessons from the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial(CAST) have changed the strategy for ventricular arrhythmias. The safety and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation of symptomatic sustained m... |
4,674 | [Treatment of choice and long-term prognosis for ventricular arrhythmias]. | Treatment of choice and long-term prognosis of the patients with ventricular arrhythmias are described in terms of prevention of sudden cardiac death and/or recurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias(ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation). 1) As to the long-term prognosis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias,... |
4,675 | [The electrocardiology of atrial fibrillation]. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and it is associated mainly with a significant mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this report is to focus on the major electro-cardiological aspects of AF and to provide some elements useful in the understanding of its pathophysiology. Experi... |
4,676 | Infarct related artery patency: relation to serial electropharmacological studies and outcome in patients with previous myocardial infarction and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. | Evidence suggests that infarct related artery (IRA) patency may improve survival after acute myocardial infarction, which is thought to be partially due to a lower incidence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, little is known about the effect of IRA patency on antiarrhythmic drug response and long-term ... |
4,677 | Factors affecting the frequency of subcutaneous lead usage in implantable defibrillators. | Subcutaneous leads (SQ) add complexity to the defibrillation system and the implant procedure. New low output devices might increase the requirement for SQ arrays, although this might be offset by the effects of active can and biphasic technology. This study sought to assess the impact of these technologies on SQ lead ... |
4,678 | Is automatic mode switching effective for atrial arrhythmias occurring at different rates? A study of the efficacy of automatic mode and rate switching to simulated atrial arrhythmias by chest wall stimulation. | Automatic mode switching (AMS) is a useful means to avoid rapid ventricular response during atrial fibrillation (AF), but AMS cannot occur if the detected atrial rate during AF is below the mode switching criteria. This may be the result of antiarrhythmic medications, or when the atrial events fall within the atrial bl... |
4,679 | Regional differences in arrhythmogenic aftereffects of high intensity DC stimulation in the ventricles. | Regional differences of the aftereffects of high intensity DC stimulation were investigated in isolated rabbit hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive dye (di-4-ANEPPS). Optical action potential signals were recorded from the epicardial surface of the right and left ventricular free wall (RVep, LVep) and from the right... |
4,680 | Cardioversion of persistent atrial flutter in non-anticoagulated patients at low risk for thromboembolism. | The true risk of thromboembolic events after cardioversion of atrial flutter was not addressed carefully. Nevertheless, thromboembolic events were thought to be rare and less likely to occur after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate if the interruption of persistent... |
4,681 | Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in pure mitral stenosis. | Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function was performed in 22 cases of pure rheumatic mitral stenosis and 22 age matched normal persons. Cases with any evidence of rheumatic activity in the preceding six months, those with gross tricuspid regurgitation and paradoxical movement of the interventricular se... |
4,682 | [The chain of survival]. | Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death in Italy as in most developed countries. Many of the victims die from sudden cardiac arrests, most commonly resulting from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. The epidemiological evidence of the high incidence of sudden deaths in the small subgroup of hig... |
4,683 | Orthotopic heart transplantation: standard versus bicaval technique. | We compared orthotopic heart transplantation (HT) by bicaval technique with the standard technique. Between January 1995 and December 1997, 117 patients underwent 118 HTs; 71 patients (15 women and 56 men) had 72 HTs by standard technique and 46 patients (9 women, 37 men) underwent HT using bicaval procedures. Preopera... |
4,684 | Left ventricular apex ablation decreases the upper limit of vulnerability. | After shocks with an approximately 50% probability of success for the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV(50)) of strength, the first few activations appear focally on the epicardium at almost the same site at the left ventricular (LV) apex in both successful and failed induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF). We test... |
4,685 | [Cardiac insufficiency: prevention of ventricular arrhythmias]. | Ventricular arrhythmias are particularly common in cardiac failure and their mechanisms are very complex. The prevention of these ventricular arrhythmias is only worthwhile if it results in benefits in terms of reduction of the risk of sudden death and in improvement in life expectancy. However, the relationship betwee... |
4,686 | Scroll wave dynamics in a three-dimensional cardiac tissue model: roles of restitution, thickness, and fiber rotation. | Scroll wave (vortex) breakup is hypothesized to underlie ventricular fibrillation, the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. We simulated scroll wave behaviors in a three-dimensional cardiac tissue model, using phase I of the Luo-Rudy (LR1) action potential model. The effects of action potential duration (APD) restitu... |
4,687 | [The cumulative risk index in stroke prevention]. | The screening and special management of high risk patient, is possible strategy to reduce the high morbidity and mortality of stroke. In the II. district of Budapest we examined high vascular risk patients cooperating with general practitioners. We let the severity of risk with arithmetic of the cumulative risk index. ... |
4,688 | Changes over time in the incidence and case-fatality rates of primary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction: perspectives from the Worcester Heart Attack Study. | Limited population-based data are available that describe temporal and recent trends in the incidence and case-fatality rates in patients with primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to describe changes over a 22-year period (1975 through 1997)... |
4,689 | Left atrial fibrillation with regular right atrial activation and a single left-to-right electrical interatrial connection: multisite mapping of dissimilar atrial rhythms. | We report two patients who had isolated atrial fibrillation in the left atrium and regular activation of the entire right atrium. Mapping of the arrhythmia was performed using a 64-electrode basket catheter that was inserted intravenously and deployed in the right and left atria. Both patients manifested a single, stab... |
4,690 | Focal ablation of chaotic atrial rhythm in an infant with cardiomyopathy. | Chaotic atrial rhythm in infants has been defined similar to multifocal atrial tachycardia in adults, implying a multifocal etiology. However, its ECG appearance resembles atrial fibrillation, which sometimes has a unifocal ectopic mechanism amenable to catheter ablation. Curative focal radiofrequency ablation was perf... |
4,691 | Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of depolarization and repolarization may complicate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in Brugada syndrome. | Dynamic variations in electrophysiologic phenomena inherent to the Brugada syndrome may complicate therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).</AbstractText>Between 1997 and 1999, 3 of 7 patients with Brugada syndrome (1 man and 2 women, mean age 42 years) received an ICD. During follow-up, 2 patients ... |
4,692 | Bimodal RR interval distribution in chronic atrial fibrillation: impact of dual atrioventricular nodal physiology on long-term rate control after catheter ablation of the posterior atrionodal input. | Radiofrequency (RF) catheter modification of the AV node in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited by an unpredictable decrease of the ventricular rate and a high incidence of permanent AV block. A bimodal RR histogram has been suggested to serve as a predictor for successful outcome but the corresponding AV... |
4,693 | Inappropriate shocks diagnosed by stored electrograms of implantable cardioverter defibrillators--two case reports. | An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is an important therapeutic option for patients with high risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. However, their use is also associated with several complications including inappropriate shock. Although the most frequent cause of inappropriate shock is supraventricula... |
4,694 | Pulmonary embolism as a cause of cardiac arrest: presentation and outcome. | Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a possible noncardiac cause of cardiac arrest. Mortality is very high, and often diagnosis is established only by autopsy.</AbstractText>In a retrospective study, we analyzed clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and outcome of patients with cardiac arrest after PE admitted to the emerge... |
4,695 | The heart-brain connection. | We have long known that patients with vascular disease in one system are at risk for vascular disease in other systems. Beyond this, we are recognizing the increased risk for cardiovascular patients to develop stroke not only as the result of arrhythmia, but also at the time of cardiovascular events or procedures. This... |
4,696 | Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold valve during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a progress report. | Building upon studies on the mechanism of active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a new inspiratory impedance threshold valve has been developed to enhance the return of blood to the thorax during the decompression phase of CPR. Use of this device results in a greater negative intrathoraci... |
4,697 | Successful recovery after ventricular fibrillation in a patient with Kawasaki disease. | Kawasaki disease (KD) is an uncommon cause of sudden death in young adults in Europe. Angiographically, the disease is characterized by coronary artery aneurysms which can be fully obstructed by acute thrombosis or by progression of the disease. If diagnosis of KD is made, immediate investigation should be made to dete... |
4,698 | Reliability of ECG monitoring with a gel pad/paddle combination after defibrillation. | Recent warnings have highlighted the possibility of unreliable monitoring through gel pads and paddles when using manual defibrillators. Occasionally, this causes an apparent asystole to be displayed when the true rhythm is ventricular fibrillation. We investigated this phenomenon in the laboratory using defibrillator-... |
4,699 | Early defibrillation and the chain of survival in 'in-hospital' adult cardiac arrest; minutes count. | To report the outcomes from and the impact of the chain of survival in 'in-hospital' cardiac arrest where the presenting rhythm was VF/VT, the arrest was witnessed, defibrillation was conducted rapidly and no other resuscitation interventions were required.</AbstractText>Any return of spontaneous circulation and discha... |
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