id int64 225 5.32k | context stringlengths 2.88k 70.8k | question stringlengths 11 194 | answers dict | is_impossible bool 1
class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
4,394 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the number of confirmed cases reached on 8 February 2020? | {
"answer_start": [
531
],
"text": [
"34,598"
]
} | false |
4,395 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is presented in this study? | {
"answer_start": [
593
],
"text": [
"new forecasting model to estimate and forecast the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the upcoming ten days based on the previously confirmed cases recorded in China"
]
} | false |
4,396 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the proposed model? | {
"answer_start": [
788
],
"text": [
"an improved adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using an enhanced flower pollination algorithm (FPA) by using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA)"
]
} | false |
4,397 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | When is SSA generally employed? | {
"answer_start": [
968
],
"text": [
"to improve FPA to avoid its drawbacks (i.e., getting trapped at the local optima)"
]
} | false |
4,398 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the main idea behind the proposed model? | {
"answer_start": [
1112
],
"text": [
"to improve the performance of ANFIS by determining the parameters of ANFIS using FPASSA."
]
} | false |
4,399 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the proposed model called? | {
"answer_start": [
1094
],
"text": [
" FPASSA-ANFIS"
]
} | false |
4,400 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | How is FPASSA-ANFIS model evaluated? | {
"answer_start": [
1237
],
"text": [
"using the World Health Organization (WHO) official data of the outbreak of the COVID-19 to forecast the confirmed cases of the upcoming ten days."
]
} | false |
4,401 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What did the comparison of the FPASSA-ANFIS model with several existing models, show? | {
"answer_start": [
1459
],
"text": [
"it showed better performance in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and computing time. "
]
} | false |
4,402 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | How was the proposed model tested? | {
"answer_start": [
1722
],
"text": [
" using two different datasets of weekly influenza confirmed cases in two countries, namely the USA and China"
]
} | false |
4,403 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What were the outcomes of the test? | {
"answer_start": [
1850
],
"text": [
"showed good performances"
]
} | false |
4,404 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What are the large family of viruses, called coronaviruses? | {
"answer_start": [
1942
],
"text": [
" pathogens for human beings, which infect respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases."
]
} | false |
4,405 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | Among whom are the coronaviruses distributed? | {
"answer_start": [
2069
],
"text": [
" among humans, birds, livestock, mice, bats, and other wild animals "
]
} | false |
4,406 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | In what the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) [22] is widely applied? | {
"answer_start": [
3197
],
"text": [
" in time series prediction and forecasting problems"
]
} | false |
4,407 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What does ANFIS offer? | {
"answer_start": [
3322
],
"text": [
"flexibility in determining nonlinearity in the time series data, as well as combining the properties of both artificial neural networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic systems."
]
} | false |
4,408 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | In which applications has it been applied? | {
"answer_start": [
3509
],
"text": [
"in various forecasting applications, for example, in [23] , a stock price forecasting model was proposed using ANFIS and empirical mode decomposition"
]
} | false |
4,421 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is SI? | {
"answer_start": [
4452
],
"text": [
"swarm intelligence"
]
} | false |
4,422 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is PSO? | {
"answer_start": [
4668
],
"text": [
"particle swarm optimization"
]
} | false |
4,423 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is SCA? | {
"answer_start": [
4747
],
"text": [
"sine-cosine algorithm"
]
} | false |
4,424 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is MVO? | {
"answer_start": [
4786
],
"text": [
"multi-verse optimizer"
]
} | false |
4,425 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | For what SCA algorithm was applied to improve the ANFIS model ? | {
"answer_start": [
4895
],
"text": [
"to forecast oil consumption in three countries, namely, Canada, Germany, and Japan."
]
} | false |
4,426 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What may be a problem with individual SI algorithm? | {
"answer_start": [
5219
],
"text": [
"may stock at local optima"
]
} | false |
4,427 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is OWA? | {
"answer_start": [
3754
],
"text": [
" ordered weighted averaging"
]
} | false |
4,428 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is proposed in the current study? | {
"answer_start": [
6145
],
"text": [
"an improved ANFIS model based on a modified flower pollination algorithm (FPA) using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA)."
]
} | false |
4,429 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the FPA optimization algorithm inspired by? | {
"answer_start": [
6333
],
"text": [
"inspired by the flow pollination process of the flowering plants."
]
} | false |
4,430 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the SSA optimization algorithm inspired by? | {
"answer_start": [
6716
],
"text": [
"inspired by the behavior of salp chains"
]
} | false |
4,431 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the proposed FPASSA method? | {
"answer_start": [
6983
],
"text": [
" is a hybrid of FPA and SSA, in which the SSA is applied as a local search method for FPA"
]
} | false |
4,432 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | How does the proposed FPASSA start? | {
"answer_start": [
7100
],
"text": [
" by receiving the historical COVID-19 dataset."
]
} | false |
4,433 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What do the authors propose? | {
"answer_start": [
7987
],
"text": [
"an efficient forecasting model to forecast the confirmed cases of the COVID-19 in China for the upcoming ten days based on previously confirmed cases."
]
} | false |
5,301 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | What is vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (v-ATPase)? | {
"answer_start": [
482
],
"text": [
"the major proton pump that acidifies intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells"
]
} | false |
5,302 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | What is archazolid? | {
"answer_start": [
775
],
"text": [
"v-ATPase inhibitor"
]
} | false |
5,303 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | How many complexes are within v-ATPase? | {
"answer_start": [
2364
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} | false |
5,304 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | What is the role of v-ATPase in the plasma membrane of osteoclasts and renal epithelial cells? | {
"answer_start": [
3039
],
"text": [
"they pump protons into the extracellular space"
]
} | false |
5,305 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | What does angiogenesis depend on? | {
"answer_start": [
5195
],
"text": [
"the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells"
]
} | false |
5,306 | The vacuolar-type ATPase inhibitor archazolid increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells by accumulating extracellular collagen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133348/
SHA: f1b81916fac1ca3d50dde774df2e1bb26bf0fb39
Authors: Luong, Betty; Schwenk, Rebecca; Bräutigam, Jacqueline; Müller, Rolf; Men... | How were untreated MDA-MB-231 cells labeled? | {
"answer_start": [
10518
],
"text": [
"CellTracker Green CMFDA Dye"
]
} | false |
5,307 | Gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks in French nursing homes from 2007 to 2018: Morbidity and all-cause lethality according to the individual characteristics of residents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759171/
SHA: f1d456ea268266ff3c21317c4190e4fcb49b5e4f
Authors: Gaspard, Philippe; Mos... | What was the goal of the study? | {
"answer_start": [
697
],
"text": [
"describe GE and RTI outbreaks with infection and all-cause lethality rates according to the individual characteristics of nursing home residents"
]
} | false |
5,308 | Gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks in French nursing homes from 2007 to 2018: Morbidity and all-cause lethality according to the individual characteristics of residents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759171/
SHA: f1d456ea268266ff3c21317c4190e4fcb49b5e4f
Authors: Gaspard, Philippe; Mos... | What was the reported infection rate for influenza? | {
"answer_start": [
24623
],
"text": [
"30.0%"
]
} | false |
5,309 | Gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks in French nursing homes from 2007 to 2018: Morbidity and all-cause lethality according to the individual characteristics of residents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759171/
SHA: f1d456ea268266ff3c21317c4190e4fcb49b5e4f
Authors: Gaspard, Philippe; Mos... | How many times more likely was an infection found in patients over 85 years old? | {
"answer_start": [
25180
],
"text": [
"1.5 to 1.6 times"
]
} | false |
634 | Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
SHA: 6a93283b499ae5bc6aaf29f14e701dc8f25138ea
Authors: Liu, Yong; Li, Jinxiu; Feng, Yongwen
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: The main cha... | What can be the main challenges in managing a hospital outbreak of COVID-19? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
" (1) early identification of outbreak, (2) rapid expansion of patients, (3) high risk of nosocomial transmission, (4) unpredictability of size impacted, and (5) lack of backup resource."
]
} | false |
642 | Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
SHA: 6a93283b499ae5bc6aaf29f14e701dc8f25138ea
Authors: Liu, Yong; Li, Jinxiu; Feng, Yongwen
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: The main cha... | Why early identification of COVID-19 patients can be difficult? | {
"answer_start": [
1104
],
"text": [
"Early identification of 2019-nCoV infection presents a major challenge"
]
} | false |
644 | Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
SHA: 6a93283b499ae5bc6aaf29f14e701dc8f25138ea
Authors: Liu, Yong; Li, Jinxiu; Feng, Yongwen
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: The main cha... | What are the steps that a hospital should take after COVID-19 outbreak? | {
"answer_start": [
2990
],
"text": [
"2019-nCoV patients should be admitted"
]
} | false |
645 | Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
SHA: 6a93283b499ae5bc6aaf29f14e701dc8f25138ea
Authors: Liu, Yong; Li, Jinxiu; Feng, Yongwen
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2786-x
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: The main cha... | Why exposure risk of COVID-19 is very high for ICU staff and what precautions should be taken? | {
"answer_start": [
3763
],
"text": [
" substantial exposure risk for ICU staff because of the following reasons"
]
} | false |
669 | Statistics-Based Predictions of Coronavirus Epidemic Spreading in Mainland China
https://doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2020.4.1.195074
SHA: 4ff89a71126d2932544a8337ba28787fde5f02a8
Authors: Nesteruk, Igor
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2020.4.1.195074
License: cc-by
Abstract: Information about the open-access article 'Statist... | Use of SIR/SEIR model in Statistics-Based Predictions of Coronavirus Epidemic Spreading? | {
"answer_start": [
3813
],
"text": [
"susceptible persons is S, infected (persons who are sick and spread the infection) -I, removed (persons who do not spread the infection anymore, this number is the sum of isolated, recovered and dead people) -R; the infection and immunization rates "
]
} | false |
1,935 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | What virus are used by the most successful neuronal circuit tracing methods? | {
"answer_start": [
2185
],
"text": [
"Pseudorabies (PRV) and Rabies viruses (RABV)"
]
} | false |
1,936 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | In what direction does the Vesicular stomatitis virus spread through the nervous system? | {
"answer_start": [
3221
],
"text": [
"anterograde"
]
} | false |
1,937 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | What determines the whether the spread of Vesicular stomatitis virus is monosynaptic or polysynaptic? | {
"answer_start": [
3603
],
"text": [
"method of delivery of the G gene"
]
} | false |
1,938 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | What types of viruses can be used to study the connectivity of neuronal circuitry? | {
"answer_start": [
31209
],
"text": [
"rVSV vectors"
]
} | false |
2,141 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is Carrageenan? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"a clinically proven and marketed compound for the treatment of viral upper respiratory tract infections"
]
} | false |
2,142 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is a potential therapeutic benefit of carageenan? | {
"answer_start": [
1184
],
"text": [
"carrageenan and Zanamivir act synergistically against several influenza A virus strains (H1N1(09)pdm, H3N2, H5N1, H7N7)"
]
} | false |
2,143 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the optimal window for initiating treatment with carageenan and Zanamivir? | {
"answer_start": [
1719
],
"text": [
"72 hours post infection"
]
} | false |
2,144 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What was the mortality rate of influenza a virus subtype h7n9 (avian or bird flu)? | {
"answer_start": [
2124
],
"text": [
"more than 35%"
]
} | false |
2,145 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How many human cases were there of influenza a virus subtype h7n9? | {
"answer_start": [
2048
],
"text": [
"more than 400 human cases"
]
} | false |
2,146 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How did most patients contract influenza a virus subtype h7n9? | {
"answer_start": [
2139
],
"text": [
"Most patients with A(H7N9) infections had contact with poultry or visited live animal markets"
]
} | false |
2,147 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Can influenza a virus subtype h7n9 be transmit human to human? | {
"answer_start": [
2243
],
"text": [
"some sporadic cases seemed to be a result of human to human transmissions"
]
} | false |
2,148 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What kind of disease is caused by influenza? | {
"answer_start": [
2637
],
"text": [
" influenza is an acute respiratory disease"
]
} | false |
2,149 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How many severe cases are there for annual influenza epidemics? | {
"answer_start": [
2751
],
"text": [
" Worldwide, annual epidemics result in about three to five million cases of severe illness"
]
} | false |
2,150 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How many deaths occur annually as a result of annual influenza epidemics? | {
"answer_start": [
2853
],
"text": [
"250,000 to 500,000"
]
} | false |
2,151 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Is coinfection common in influenza infection? | {
"answer_start": [
3095
],
"text": [
"influenza virus infections are often accompanied by other viral pathogens"
]
} | false |
2,153 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What percentage of people infected with influenza have a viral coinfection? | {
"answer_start": [
3292
],
"text": [
"Analysis by qRT-PCR revealed that 54.5-83.3% of influenza A or B positive patients were found to have at least one concomitant respiratory viral infection [9] [10] [11] [12] . The detection frequency with immunofluorescence was found to be even higher (90-100%) [13, ... | false |
2,154 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What are common concamitant infections during the course of influenza infection? | {
"answer_start": [
3641
],
"text": [
"human rhinovirus (hRV), respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus"
]
} | false |
2,155 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the anti-viral mechanism of action for carrageenan? | {
"answer_start": [
5365
],
"text": [
"The antiviral mechanism of carrageenan is based on the interference with viral attachment; as a consequence, viral entry is inhibited "
]
} | false |
2,156 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the hypothetical mechanical benefit for carageenan in preventing and treating upper respiratory infections? | {
"answer_start": [
4871
],
"text": [
"a protective physical barrier in the nasal cavity"
]
} | false |
2,157 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is carageenan? | {
"answer_start": [
4955
],
"text": [
"a high molecular weight sulfated polymer derived from red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) that has been extensively used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and is generally recognized as safe by the FDA "
]
} | false |
2,158 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the recovery benefit of carageenan in patients with any respiratory virus? | {
"answer_start": [
6219
],
"text": [
"1.9 day faster recovery from common cold symptoms than placebo treated patients in the intention-to-treat population"
]
} | false |
2,159 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the anti-influenza benefit of carageenan? | {
"answer_start": [
6351
],
"text": [
"anti-influenza activity was shown by subgroup analysis of 49 influenza infected patients who benefited from a 3.3 days faster recovery from symptoms"
]
} | false |
2,160 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the association between influenza viral load and carageenan? | {
"answer_start": [
6556
],
"text": [
"a significant reduction of the influenza viral load in nasal fluids and a significant increase in the number of virus free patients within the treatment period of 7 days"
]
} | false |
2,163 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Is Oseltamivir effective when taken intranasally? | {
"answer_start": [
8137
],
"text": [
"In contrast to Oseltamivir, which needs to be activated by metabolic conversion, Zanamivir is directly applied as active drug and can also be administered intranasally"
]
} | false |
2,164 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the effect of intranasal Zanamivir on laboratory confirmed infleunza infection? | {
"answer_start": [
8751
],
"text": [
"challenge trials showed that treatment starting before and up to 36 hours post virus inoculation was associated with prevention of laboratory confirmed influenza and febrile illness as well as a reduction in viral titers, duration of shedding and symptoms"
]
} | false |
2,165 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Do carageenan and Zanamivir delivered intranasally have a benefit when taken for influenza subtype H7N7 infection? | {
"answer_start": [
21494
],
"text": [
"the combination of two effective, established mono-therapies resulted in a significantly enhanced survival in lethally H7N7 infected mice"
]
} | false |
2,166 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Do carageenan and Zanamivir delivered intranasally have a benefit when taken for influenza subtype H1N1 infection? | {
"answer_start": [
21795
],
"text": [
"carrageenan and Zanamivir starting 72 hpi significantly protects lethally influenza H1N1(09)pdm infected mice"
]
} | false |
2,179 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Is there a dose-dependent response to carageenan and Zanamavir intranasal therapy? | {
"answer_start": [
27286
],
"text": [
"While H1N1(09)pdm was highly sensitive to inhibition by both substances alone, H7N7 required much higher concentrations of carrageenan and Zanamivir, respectively, to achieve similar inhibition efficiencies"
]
} | false |
2,180 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Do carageenan and Zanamavir together have a greater benefit than either in monotherapy? | {
"answer_start": [
28900
],
"text": [
"the H1N1(09)pdm model the combination of carrageenan with 1 mg/kg BW/day Zanamivir showed statistically significant enhanced survival in comparison to placebo treatment even after a treatment start 72 hpi"
]
} | false |
2,182 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | Did the use of carageenan play a role in pandemic's caused by novel viruses? | {
"answer_start": [
32767
],
"text": [
"A second scope of this combination is the protection against newly emerging pandemic viruses during the time until identification of the virus followed by manufacturing and distribution of vaccines"
]
} | false |
4,101 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How was ILI defined? | {
"answer_start": [
4410
],
"text": [
"as a sudden onset of fever more than 38 degrees Celsius and cough, associated or not with other symptoms such as breathing difficulty, headache, etc. "
]
} | false |
4,104 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is this assay based on? | {
"answer_start": [
5499
],
"text": [
"on the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technology."
]
} | false |
4,102 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How was random sampling performed? | {
"answer_start": [
5057
],
"text": [
" with Excel 1 using the anonymized surveillance database of the Cire OI. The sampling frame contained identification number of swab assigned by Cire OI, laboratory identification number, sex, age, date of onset of symptoms, date of swab collection and result of influ... | false |
4,103 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What used to detect pathogens? | {
"answer_start": [
5345
],
"text": [
" Respifinder 1 Smart 22 kits a multiplex RT-PCR (PathoFinder, Maastricht, The Netherlands) which can detect 22 respiratory pathogens. "
]
} | false |
4,033 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What does the retrospective study use? | {
"answer_start": [
666
],
"text": [
"nasal swabs collected by sentinel GPs from ILI patients in 2011 and 2012."
]
} | false |
4,034 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How many swabs were randomly selected and analyzed? | {
"answer_start": [
751
],
"text": [
"250 "
]
} | false |
4,035 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How were the swabs analyzed? | {
"answer_start": [
796
],
"text": [
" by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) including research of 18 viruses and 4 bacteria."
]
} | false |
4,037 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What viruses were detected? | {
"answer_start": [
928
],
"text": [
"respiratory viruses in 169/222 (76.1%) samples, mostly rhinovirus (23.4%), influenza A virus (21.2%), influenza B virus (12.6%), coronavirus (4.9%) and Human metapneumovirus (3.6%). "
]
} | false |
4,038 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What co-infections were found? | {
"answer_start": [
1110
],
"text": [
"Nine swabs (5.3% of positive swabs) revealed co-infections with two viruses identified, among which six concerned co-infections with influenza viruses."
]
} | false |
4,039 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What seasonal differences were found? | {
"answer_start": [
1284
],
"text": [
"seasonal differences, with circulation of Human Metapneumoviruses, RSV A and B and coronavirus only during summer; whereas parainfluenza viruses were identified only during winter."
]
} | false |
4,040 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What does the study highlight? | {
"answer_start": [
1501
],
"text": [
" a substantial circulation of multiple respiratory pathogens in Réunion Island throughout the year. I"
]
} | false |
4,041 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What does the study show? | {
"answer_start": [
1610
],
"text": [
"that ILI are not only attributable to influenza and underlines the need for biological surveillance. As the use of multiplex RT-PCR showed its efficacy, it is now used routinely in the surveillance of ILI."
]
} | false |
4,042 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | Which are identified as major viruses mostly responsible for ILI and pneumonia in several studies? | {
"answer_start": [
1966
],
"text": [
"Influenza viruses, Respiratory Syncytial viruses (RSV) and Parainfluenza viruses"
]
} | false |
4,087 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What percentage of these infections are identified? | {
"answer_start": [
2294
],
"text": [
"less than 50%"
]
} | false |
4,088 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is Reunion Island? | {
"answer_start": [
2330
],
"text": [
" a French overseas territory"
]
} | false |
4,089 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is the number of inhabitants of Reunion Island? | {
"answer_start": [
2363
],
"text": [
" 850,000"
]
} | false |
4,090 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | Where is Reunion Island located? | {
"answer_start": [
2397
],
"text": [
"n the southern hemisphere between Madagascar and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean (Latitude: 21°05.2920 S Longitude: 55°36.4380 E.)"
]
} | false |
4,091 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is the island's health care system similar to? | {
"answer_start": [
2579
],
"text": [
" to mainland France and epidemiological surveillance has been developed by the regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire OI), based on the surveillance system of mainland France"
]
} | false |
4,092 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | When does influenza activity increase? | {
"answer_start": [
2836
],
"text": [
" during austral winter, corresponding to summer in Europe"
]
} | false |
4,093 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | When does the influenza vaccination campaign in Reunion Island start? | {
"answer_start": [
2971
],
"text": [
"April "
]
} | false |
4,094 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is the clinical and biological influenza surveillance has been based on? | {
"answer_start": [
3162
],
"text": [
"a sentinel practitioner's network"
]
} | false |
4,095 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is this network composed of? | {
"answer_start": [
3240
],
"text": [
"58 general practitioners (GPs) spread over the island and represented around 7% of all Réunion Island GPs."
]
} | false |
4,096 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | How are the influenza tests carried out? | {
"answer_start": [
3346
],
"text": [
" Nasal swabs are randomly collected all along the year and are tested by RT-PCR for influenza viruses"
]
} | false |
4,097 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What do 40-50% of the samples test positive for? | {
"answer_start": [
3512
],
"text": [
" for influenza A virus, A(H1N1)pdm09 or B virus"
]
} | false |
4,098 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What are the ILI samples wich test negative for influence? | {
"answer_start": [
3683
],
"text": [
"are of unknown etiology"
]
} | false |
4,099 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What tool has been developed to identify several viruses simultaneously? | {
"answer_start": [
3806
],
"text": [
", multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) "
]
} | false |
4,100 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What are the objectives of the study? | {
"answer_start": [
4116
],
"text": [
"to characterize respiratory pathogens responsible for ILI consultations in sentinel GPs in 2011 and 2012. Secondary objectives were to highlight seasonal trends on respiratory pathogens circulation and to describe occurrence of co-infections, especially during the fl... | false |
4,105 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | On which system the reverse transcription and preamplification steps were performed? | {
"answer_start": [
5642
],
"text": [
"on the epgradient Mastercycler 1 (Eppendorf) and the hybridization, ligation and detection steps on the LightCycler 1 480 system (Roche Applied Science)."
]
} | false |
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