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iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What can nuclear receptors regulate?
{ "answer_start": [ 2040 ], "text": [ "homeostasis, differentiation, embryonic development, and organ physiology" ] }
false
3,258
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What are associated with cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disease, and osteoporosis?
{ "answer_start": [ 332 ], "text": [ "Nuclear receptors (NRs)" ] }
false
3,259
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What are nuclear receptors (NRs)?
{ "answer_start": [ 1939 ], "text": [ "class of ligand-inducible transcription factors" ] }
false
3,260
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What biological factors for nuclear receptors regulate?
{ "answer_start": [ 2040 ], "text": [ "homeostasis, differentiation, embryonic development, and organ physiology" ] }
false
3,261
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
How many families are in the NR superfamily?
{ "answer_start": [ 2172 ], "text": [ "seven" ] }
false
3,262
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What is a prerequisite to make a molecular docking study feasible?
{ "answer_start": [ 3102 ], "text": [ "a reliable 3D (three dimensional) structure of the target protein" ] }
false
3,263
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What tool can be used to determine the 3D structure of proteins?
{ "answer_start": [ 3208 ], "text": [ "X-ray crystallography" ] }
false
3,264
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What are the shortcomings of X-ray crystallography?
{ "answer_start": [ 3293 ], "text": [ "time-consuming and expensive" ] }
false
3,265
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
What types of proteins are difficult to crystallize?
{ "answer_start": [ 3401 ], "text": [ "membrane proteins" ] }
false
3,266
iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/ SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329 Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen Date: 2014-03-19 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915 License: cc-by...
Where were the data collected for this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 6509 ], "text": [ "KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)" ] }
false
3,680
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
Who performed the sampling procedures?
{ "answer_start": [ 2560 ], "text": [ "veterinarians" ] }
false
3,681
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
When were the fecal samples collected?
{ "answer_start": [ 2855 ], "text": [ "from November 2004 to November 2014" ] }
false
3,682
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What reference genome was used in the study?
{ "answer_start": [ 4900 ], "text": [ "BatCoV HKU10" ] }
false
3,684
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What is the length of the replicase gene ORF1ab?
{ "answer_start": [ 12855 ], "text": [ "20.4 kb" ] }
false
3,683
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What type of coronavirus was detected in R. affinis and R. sinicus species?
{ "answer_start": [ 11997 ], "text": [ "BtCoV/Rh/YN2012" ] }
false
3,675
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What is a natural reservoir of coronavirus?
{ "answer_start": [ 430 ], "text": [ "Bats" ] }
false
3,676
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What is the genome size of the coronavirus?
{ "answer_start": [ 1871 ], "text": [ "26-32 kb" ] }
false
3,677
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What is the structure of the coronavirus?
{ "answer_start": [ 1786 ], "text": [ "enveloped, non-segmented, positive-strand RNA viruses" ] }
false
3,678
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What animals do gamma and delta coronavirus mainly infect?
{ "answer_start": [ 2226 ], "text": [ "birds" ] }
false
3,679
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
How many types of coronaviruses are known to cause human disease?
{ "answer_start": [ 2275 ], "text": [ "Six" ] }
false
3,685
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What plays a role in regulating the immune response to a viral infection?
{ "answer_start": [ 21628 ], "text": [ "NF-κB" ] }
false
3,686
Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/ SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27 Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj...
What is the conclusion of the coronavirus long-term surveillance studies?
{ "answer_start": [ 28444 ], "text": [ "Rhinolophus bats seem to harbor a wide diversity of CoVs" ] }
false
4,051
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
What is the cause of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)?
{ "answer_start": [ 503 ], "text": [ "FIP virus (FIPV)" ] }
false
4,052
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
What is the molecular structure of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus?
{ "answer_start": [ 1635 ], "text": [ "enveloped virus with a nonsegmented, positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome" ] }
false
4,053
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
How is FECV detected in cats?
{ "answer_start": [ 2578 ], "text": [ "shedding in their faeces" ] }
false
4,055
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
What type of vaccine is used to protect against FIPV infection?
{ "answer_start": [ 2958 ], "text": [ "an attenuated, temperature-sensitive strain of type II FIPV" ] }
false
4,056
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
Why is their controversy surrounding the FIPV vaccine?
{ "answer_start": [ 3185 ], "text": [ "the vaccine contains type 2 strain, whereas type 1 viruses are more prevalent in the field" ] }
false
4,057
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
For how long was the denatured polyacrylamide gel polymerized?
{ "answer_start": [ 6326 ], "text": [ "30 minutes" ] }
false
4,058
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/ SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3 Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman...
How was the binding strength measured?
{ "answer_start": [ 7176 ], "text": [ "nano Isothermal Titration Calorimeter (ITC)" ] }
false
4,070
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What was the focus of this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 376 ], "text": [ " the anti-influenza A (H2N2) virus activity of patchouli alcohol" ] }
false
4,071
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What do neuroaminidase inhibitors target?
{ "answer_start": [ 2050 ], "text": [ "NA glycoproteins of influenza A and B virus" ] }
false
4,072
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What is the function of neuroaminidase in the influenza virus?
{ "answer_start": [ 2227 ], "text": [ "cleave the α-ketosidic linkage between terminal sialic acid and an adjacent sugar residue" ] }
false
4,073
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What is Tamiflu?
{ "answer_start": [ 2733 ], "text": [ "NA inhibitor" ] }
false
4,074
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What was the test for the level of cytotoxicity used in this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 4844 ], "text": [ "CC 50" ] }
false
4,075
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What method was used to measure the inhibition of viral replication?
{ "answer_start": [ 13705 ], "text": [ "MTT method" ] }
false
4,076
Inhibitory Effect and Possible Mechanism of Action of Patchouli Alcohol against Influenza A (H2N2) Virus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264369/ SHA: f2d842780b9928cc70f38a4458553f2431877603 Authors: Wu, Huaxing; Li, Beili; Wang, Xue; Jin, Mingyuan; Wang, Guonian Date: 2011-08-03 DOI: 10.3390/molecules...
What was the conclusion of this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 18530 ], "text": [ " patchouli alcohol possesses anti-influenza A (H2N2) virus activity" ] }
false
4,434
Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/ SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8 Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;...
Why have nucleic acid amplification tests been restricted to laboratory settings?
{ "answer_start": [ 581 ], "text": [ "time, equipment, and technical expertise requirements" ] }
false
4,435
Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/ SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8 Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;...
What screening method was evaluated in this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 1334 ], "text": [ "HIV-1 RT-LAMP assay" ] }
false
4,436
Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/ SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8 Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;...
What was used to measure the performance of the NINA heaters?
{ "answer_start": [ 1751 ], "text": [ "whole blood specimens" ] }
false
4,437
Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/ SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8 Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;...
What percentage of HIV-infected people go undetected in the United States?
{ "answer_start": [ 2416 ], "text": [ "20%" ] }
false
4,438
Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285652/ SHA: ef7110a9022bac2e50c995b0f6b826ff071e48f8 Authors: Curtis, Kelly A.; Rudolph, Donna L.; Nejad, Irene; Singleton, Jered; Beddoe, Andy; Weigl, Bernhard; LaBarre, Paul;...
What percentage of patients do not return for followup after HIV testing?
{ "answer_start": [ 2553 ], "text": [ "35 to 50%" ] }
false
5,211
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/ SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4 Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste...
What statistical tests were used to compare categorical variables?
{ "answer_start": [ 29985 ], "text": [ "Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test" ] }
false
5,212
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/ SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4 Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste...
What was a severe limitation of this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 23550 ], "text": [ "unable to evaluate the levels of immunomodulators in the serum samples of a control group" ] }
false
5,213
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/ SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4 Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste...
What followup is needed to confirm the results of the current study?
{ "answer_start": [ 23800 ], "text": [ "a larger, longitudinal study on the etiology and severity of pneumonia" ] }
false
5,214
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/ SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4 Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste...
What is the conclusion of this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 23964 ], "text": [ "mixed respiratory infections and IP-10 may play major, interconnected roles in the pathogenesis of pneumonia" ] }
false
5,215
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/ SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4 Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste...
What suggests that IP-10 plays a significant role on the pathogenesis of pneumonia?
{ "answer_start": [ 22018 ], "text": [ "highest serum IP-10 levels" ] }
false
5,216
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/ SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4 Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste...
What cell types help prevent pneumococcal and influenza infection in the lungs?
{ "answer_start": [ 2714 ], "text": [ "airway epithelial cells 19 , resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and blood monocytes-derived macrophages" ] }
false
5,226
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of 4- and 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[1-oxo-1-(phenylamino)alkan-2-yl]benzamides against MRSA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321674/ SHA: f0e6cef57dbae030aea2f324e21e00945ac659cf Authors: Zadrazilova, Iveta; Pospisilova, Sarka; Pauk, Karel; Imramovsky, Ales; Vinsova, Jarmila; ...
What is the most common, clinically-relevant multiresistant pathogen in both healthcare and community acquired infections?
{ "answer_start": [ 1919 ], "text": [ "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)" ] }
false
5,227
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of 4- and 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[1-oxo-1-(phenylamino)alkan-2-yl]benzamides against MRSA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321674/ SHA: f0e6cef57dbae030aea2f324e21e00945ac659cf Authors: Zadrazilova, Iveta; Pospisilova, Sarka; Pauk, Karel; Imramovsky, Ales; Vinsova, Jarmila; ...
What is the treatment of choice for MRSA infections?
{ "answer_start": [ 2785 ], "text": [ "vancomycin" ] }
false
5,228
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of 4- and 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[1-oxo-1-(phenylamino)alkan-2-yl]benzamides against MRSA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321674/ SHA: f0e6cef57dbae030aea2f324e21e00945ac659cf Authors: Zadrazilova, Iveta; Pospisilova, Sarka; Pauk, Karel; Imramovsky, Ales; Vinsova, Jarmila; ...
What enzyme is essential for the metabolism of fatty acids?
{ "answer_start": [ 5196 ], "text": [ "isocitrate lyase" ] }
false
5,229
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of 4- and 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[1-oxo-1-(phenylamino)alkan-2-yl]benzamides against MRSA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321674/ SHA: f0e6cef57dbae030aea2f324e21e00945ac659cf Authors: Zadrazilova, Iveta; Pospisilova, Sarka; Pauk, Karel; Imramovsky, Ales; Vinsova, Jarmila; ...
What was the purpose of this research?
{ "answer_start": [ 6207 ], "text": [ "to assess the overall in vitro bactericidal activity of nine newly synthesized diamides" ] }
false
5,230
Exploring the Innate Immunological Response of an Alternative Nonhuman Primate Model of Infectious Disease; the Common Marmoset https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4129158/ SHA: f4c43e4ae49ca69dbac32620bd0a73ecbb683b91 Authors: Nelson, M.; Loveday, M. Date: 2014-07-22 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913632 License: cc-by...
What is the conclusion of the study?
{ "answer_start": [ 19511 ], "text": [ "the marmoset an appropriate animal model for biodefense-related pathogens" ] }
false
5,231
Exploring the Innate Immunological Response of an Alternative Nonhuman Primate Model of Infectious Disease; the Common Marmoset https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4129158/ SHA: f4c43e4ae49ca69dbac32620bd0a73ecbb683b91 Authors: Nelson, M.; Loveday, M. Date: 2014-07-22 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913632 License: cc-by...
Why makes the marmoset an appropriate animal model for pathogen research?
{ "answer_start": [ 19325 ], "text": [ "the small size of marmosets, their immune response to infection that is comparable to humans, and the ability to house more statistically relevant numbers within high containment" ] }
false
3,895
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
How can the efficacy of DAAs be diminished?
{ "answer_start": [ 655 ], "text": [ "the presence of resistance-associated substitutions" ] }
false
3,896
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
Was is the response rate of the Hepatitis C virus to direct-acting antiviral treatments?
{ "answer_start": [ 2043 ], "text": [ "up to 98%" ] }
false
3,897
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
How do nonnucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors work?
{ "answer_start": [ 2755 ], "text": [ "inhibit polymerase activity by allosteric mechanisms" ] }
false
3,898
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
How many patients were studied?
{ "answer_start": [ 4443 ], "text": [ "31" ] }
false
3,899
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
Was written consent obtained?
{ "answer_start": [ 4871 ], "text": [ "was obtained" ] }
false
3,900
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
How much of the RNA template was in the reverse transcription reaction mixture?
{ "answer_start": [ 5473 ], "text": [ "5 μl" ] }
false
3,901
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
How many RASs to NS5A inhibitors were identified?
{ "answer_start": [ 11338 ], "text": [ "2 strains out of 25 (8%)" ] }
false
3,902
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
Why is the substitution E62D important in drug resistance?
{ "answer_start": [ 11896 ], "text": [ "confers a higher level of resistance than the one achieved by the RAS alone" ] }
false
3,903
Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/ SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77 Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad...
What are the key factors preventing the elimination of HCV infection in some patients?
{ "answer_start": [ 14415 ], "text": [ "baseline and emergent resistance variants" ] }
false
5,242
Efficient generation of recombinant RNA viruses using targeted recombination-mediated mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing full-length cDNA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840674/ SHA: ef38ed2f4cc96e16ce011623cc5d15d2d8ca58c3 Authors: Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Risager, Peter Christ...
What is needed to direct genetic mutations in RNA viruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 509 ], "text": [ "Infectious cDNA clones" ] }
false
5,243
Efficient generation of recombinant RNA viruses using targeted recombination-mediated mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing full-length cDNA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840674/ SHA: ef38ed2f4cc96e16ce011623cc5d15d2d8ca58c3 Authors: Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Risager, Peter Christ...
What is the structure of the pestivirus?
{ "answer_start": [ 2921 ], "text": [ "single stranded positive sense RNA genomes" ] }
false
5,244
Efficient generation of recombinant RNA viruses using targeted recombination-mediated mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing full-length cDNA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840674/ SHA: ef38ed2f4cc96e16ce011623cc5d15d2d8ca58c3 Authors: Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Risager, Peter Christ...
What sequences are critical for the autonomous replication of the pestivirus genome?
{ "answer_start": [ 3080 ], "text": [ "5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)" ] }
false
5,245
Efficient generation of recombinant RNA viruses using targeted recombination-mediated mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing full-length cDNA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840674/ SHA: ef38ed2f4cc96e16ce011623cc5d15d2d8ca58c3 Authors: Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Risager, Peter Christ...
What are the 4 structural proteins of the pestivirus polyprotein?
{ "answer_start": [ 3278 ], "text": [ "nucleocapsid protein C, envelope glycoproteins E rns , E1 and E2" ] }
false
5,246
Efficient generation of recombinant RNA viruses using targeted recombination-mediated mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosomes containing full-length cDNA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840674/ SHA: ef38ed2f4cc96e16ce011623cc5d15d2d8ca58c3 Authors: Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun; Risager, Peter Christ...
The BAC differed from the parental cDNA sequence by what amino acid substitutions?
{ "answer_start": [ 26501 ], "text": [ "aa" ] }
false
5,247
Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/ SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-...
What is the purpose of this research study?
{ "answer_start": [ 793 ], "text": [ "to examine whether a relationship exists between operation volumes and SSIs" ] }
false
5,248
Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/ SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-...
Why are SSIs important to the overall burden on the healthcare system?
{ "answer_start": [ 2903 ], "text": [ "The total length of stay and expenditure for patients with SSIs after CABG surgery is significantly longer and higher than those without SSIs" ] }
false
5,249
Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/ SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-...
What is the "Never Event" policy?
{ "answer_start": [ 3176 ], "text": [ "hospitals would no longer receive higher payments for the additional costs associated with treating patients for certain healthcare-acquired infections" ] }
false
5,250
Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/ SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-...
Patients from how many medical centers were studied?
{ "answer_start": [ 9132 ], "text": [ "19" ] }
false
5,251
Which Kind of Provider’s Operation Volumes Matters? Associations between CABG Surgical Site Infection Risk and Hospital and Surgeon Operation Volumes among Medical Centers in Taiwan https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459823/ SHA: f3cbc0503581249a834895fc94cd3bae24714a0d Authors: Yu, Tsung-Hsien; Tung, Yu-...
Which patients were excluded from the study?
{ "answer_start": [ 9250 ], "text": [ "CABG patients under the age of 18 years or over 85 years" ] }
false
5,255
The influenza pandemic preparedness planning tool InfluSim https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1832202/ SHA: f3f471d10a36a7a28e9050c10bd4dfd680cba17b Authors: Eichner, Martin; Schwehm, Markus; Duerr, Hans-Peter; Brockmann, Stefan O Date: 2007-03-13 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-17 License: cc-by Abstract: BACKG...
What are the limitations of a deterministic model?
{ "answer_start": [ 10476 ], "text": [ "cannot reliably represent effects originating from stochasticity, from effects in small populations, or from heterogeneities" ] }
false
5,266
Genome Sequences of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: In Vivo and In Vitro Phenotypes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056290/ SHA: f6d6d7efc1686a7d219ecfc55f9a48ce72d4fb00 Authors: Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Bumgardner, Eric; Bey, Russell F.; Stine, Douglas; Bumgarner, Roger E. Date: 2014-06-12 DOI: 10.1128/...
How does PEDV spread?
{ "answer_start": [ 1335 ], "text": [ "fecal-oral contact" ] }
false
5,267
Genome Sequences of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: In Vivo and In Vitro Phenotypes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056290/ SHA: f6d6d7efc1686a7d219ecfc55f9a48ce72d4fb00 Authors: Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Bumgardner, Eric; Bey, Russell F.; Stine, Douglas; Bumgarner, Roger E. Date: 2014-06-12 DOI: 10.1128/...
How does PEDV cause illness?
{ "answer_start": [ 1398 ], "text": [ "destroys the lining of piglets' intestines" ] }
false
5,268
Genome Sequences of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: In Vivo and In Vitro Phenotypes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056290/ SHA: f6d6d7efc1686a7d219ecfc55f9a48ce72d4fb00 Authors: Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Bumgardner, Eric; Bey, Russell F.; Stine, Douglas; Bumgarner, Roger E. Date: 2014-06-12 DOI: 10.1128/...
What is the size of the PEDV genome?
{ "answer_start": [ 1745 ], "text": [ "26 to 32 kb" ] }
false
5,271
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/ SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358 Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru Date: 2012-10-12...
Which viruses are part of the Old World complex of Arenaviridae?
{ "answer_start": [ 514 ], "text": [ "Lassa and Lujo viruses" ] }
false
5,272
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/ SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358 Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru Date: 2012-10-12...
How can Old World and New World Arenaviruses be differentiated?
{ "answer_start": [ 2565 ], "text": [ "through the use of serological assays" ] }
false
5,273
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/ SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358 Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru Date: 2012-10-12...
What is the incubation period for arenavirus?
{ "answer_start": [ 4195 ], "text": [ "1-3 weeks" ] }
false
5,274
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/ SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358 Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru Date: 2012-10-12...
What is the structure of the Arenavirus?
{ "answer_start": [ 9282 ], "text": [ "bisegmented, negative-sense, single stranded RNA genome" ] }
false
5,275
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/ SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358 Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru Date: 2012-10-12...
What proteins does the Arenavirus produce?
{ "answer_start": [ 9418 ], "text": [ "a glycoprotein, a nucleoprotein (NP), a matrix protein (Z), and a polymerase (L)" ] }
false
5,276
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/ SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358 Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru Date: 2012-10-12...
What diagnostic test has been show to have excellent sensitivity in detecting viral infections?
{ "answer_start": [ 16937 ], "text": [ "PCR assays" ] }
false
5,236
Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/ SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi...
What is the effect of oseltamivir and zanamivir?
{ "answer_start": [ 2189 ], "text": [ "neuraminidase inhibitors" ] }
false
5,237
Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/ SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi...
What is Glycyrrhizin?
{ "answer_start": [ 3358 ], "text": [ "a triterpene saponine" ] }
false
5,238
Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/ SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi...
What is the effect of Glycyrrhizin in viral infections?
{ "answer_start": [ 3437 ], "text": [ "interfere with replication and/or cytopathogenic effect (CPE) induction of many viruses" ] }
false
5,239
Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/ SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi...
What is another word for hypercytokinaemia?
{ "answer_start": [ 3853 ], "text": [ "cytokine storm'" ] }
false
5,240
Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/ SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi...
What has been correlated with the pathogenicity of the H5N1 infection?
{ "answer_start": [ 15524 ], "text": [ "caspase-dependent apoptosis in airway cells" ] }
false
5,241
Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/ SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi...
What is the conclusion of the study?
{ "answer_start": [ 18948 ], "text": [ "glycyrrhizin might also serve as lead structure for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs" ] }
false
3,240
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What is the mean duration of time from single lobe consolidation to bilateral multilobar lung infiltrates in human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 1760 ], "text": [ "2 days" ] }
false
3,241
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What is the mean duration of time from first positive chest x-ray to bilateral multilobar lung infiltrates in human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 1771 ], "text": [ "4.8 days" ] }
false
3,242
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What are the most frequent clinical manifestations of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) induced ARDS?
{ "answer_start": [ 2285 ], "text": [ "Persistent high fever, dyspnea and rapid progression to respiratory failure within 2 weeks, together with bilateral consolidations and infiltrates" ] }
false
3,243
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What do we know about the genomics of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 3601 ], "text": [ "This pathogen was fully characterized by whole-genome sequencing" ] }
false
3,244
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What are the clinical symptoms of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 8509 ], "text": [ "Flulike symptoms, such as fever, cough and little sputum, were commonly observed at the onset of illness" ] }
false
3,245
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What is the mean time from onset of symptoms to dyspnea in human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 8958 ], "text": [ "5 days" ] }
false
3,246
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What is the mean time of onset of symptoms to ICU admission in human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 9127 ], "text": [ "9.6 days" ] }
false
3,247
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What is the mean rate of respiration upon admission to the ICU when admitted for human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 9244 ], "text": [ "43 breaths per minute" ] }
false
3,248
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What is the white blood cell count in severe cases of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 9441 ], "text": [ " low or in the normal range" ] }
false
3,249
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What does a chest x-ray look like for a patient with a severe case of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 9825 ], "text": [ "CXRs revealed multiple bilateral lobar or segment consolidation in the lungs of all five patients, and radiographic lesions progressed rapidly after ICU admission" ] }
false
3,250
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
What are the high resolution pulmonary CT scan findings for patients with severe cases of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 10189 ], "text": [ "Consolidations within a single lobe or several lobes with a clear border and air bronchogram were the most common findings on HRCT scans. Nodules, patches, pleural effusion, abscess and a cavity were also seen visualized by HRCT" ] }
false
3,251
Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/ SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0 Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya...
Where could a clinician acquire a positive viral sample in severe cases of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)?
{ "answer_start": [ 10659 ], "text": [ "All patients had HAdV-55 viremia. In four of the five patients, it was first detected in endotracheal aspirate (ETA) samples" ] }
false