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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Maitland
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Arthur Maitland was born on 7 December 1928 in Blackburn, England. He gained his BSc Physics degree in 1956 as a part-time student studying for a London University External Degree. In 1972 St Andrews University, whom he was employed as a researcher and lecturer in 1963, awarded him a DSc degree on the basis of his published papers on ionised gases. At the time he was also working for several electrical engineering companies. He was an influential figure, founding the laser research department at St Andrews University in 1964. He led a group of 14 physicists there working in the areas of lasers and their applications, gas discharge tubes, ionised gases, optical methods of signal processing, and applications of ionised gases to fast switching (see Thyratrons). He became Professor of Physics at St Andrews in 1993.
Professor Maitland was a fellow of the Institute of Physics, and published over 40 research papers on lasers, ionised gases and fast switching, and was co-author of Laser Physics (North Holland), Vacuum as an Insulator (Chapman and Hall) and posthumously contributing a chapter to High Voltage Vacuum Insulation (Academic Press). He also held 40 patents and was a consultant for the gas tubes division of EEV Co., Chelmsford, England and Nobel's Explosives Company Ltd. He died of cancer on 30 June 1994, aged 65.
At St Andrews University he very quickly established a group working on gas lasers. Professor Maitland recognised that the gas-discharge laser had enormous poten
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aasta%20Hansteen
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Aasta Hansteen, also known as Hasta Hanseen (born December 10, 1824 – April 13, 1908), was a Norwegian painter, writer, and early feminist.
Life and career
Aasta Hansteen was born in Christiania, modern day Oslo, the daughter of Christopher Hansteen, a noted professor of astronomy, geophysics and applied mathematics at the University of Oslo. She started her art education in Copenhagen (1840 - 1841) where she learned to draw. She continued her training for three years at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf where she studied fine brush alignment. She is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. She exhibited her work at the 1855 World's Fair in Paris.
She returned to Norway and settled in Christiania where she, for several years, was in demand as the city's only portrait artist. Her most famous painting is possibly the portrait of her father, which is on permanent exhibit at the National Gallery of Norway.
Overwhelmed by the interest in her portraits, she resigned from her craft for several years and moved to Telemark, where she developed an interest in Norwegian dialects. When she moved back to Christiania, she studied with the linguist Ivar Aasen. In 1862 she published anonymously a small book written in Nynorsk and had the distinction of being the first woman to publish in this language.
Together with her foster daughter Theodora Nielsen, she sailed from Christiania on April 9, 1880. She lived in the United States for nine years (1880-1889). She spent six and a half
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubens%20tube
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A Rubens tube, also known as a standing wave flame tube, or simply flame tube, is a physics apparatus for demonstrating acoustic standing waves in a tube. Invented by German physicist Heinrich Rubens in 1905, it graphically shows the relationship between sound waves and sound pressure, as a primitive oscilloscope. Today, it is used only occasionally, typically as a demonstration in physics education.
Overview
A length of pipe is perforated along the top and sealed at both ends - one seal is attached to a small speaker or frequency generator, the other to a supply of a flammable gas (propane tank). The pipe is filled with the gas, and the gas leaking from the perforations is lit. If a suitable constant frequency is used, a standing wave can form within the tube. When the speaker is turned on, the standing wave will create points with oscillating (higher and lower) pressure and points with constant pressure (pressure nodes) along the tube. Where there is oscillating pressure due to the sound waves, less gas will escape from the perforations in the tube, and the flames will be lower at those points. At the pressure nodes, the flames are higher. At the end of the tube gas molecule velocity is zero and oscillating pressure is maximal, thus low flames are observed. It is possible to determine the wavelength from the flame minimum and maximum by simply measuring with a ruler.
Explanation
Since the time averaged pressure is equal at all points of the tube, it is not straightforw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Martinelli%20%28engineer%29
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Paolo Martinelli (born 29 September 1952 in Modena, Italy) is an Italian engineer best known for his position as head of Scuderia Ferrari's Engine Department from 1994 to 2006.
Career
Martinelli studied mechanical engineering at Bologna University, graduating in 1978. He joined Ferrari immediately, at first working on engine design for the company's production cars.
In 1994 he was appointed head of the Formula One team's Engine Department, where he took the decision to ditch the commitment to running V12 engines in favour of V10s. The first V10-powered Ferrari raced in 1996, and the team used this configuration to win five Drivers' and six Constructors' Championships before rules were brought in stipulating the use of V8s for 2006. Martinelli's favorite race was the 2000 Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka which Michael Schumacher won in a Ferrari.
In October 2006, Martinelli moved to an executive role within Fiat, Ferrari's parent company. His position in Ferrari was taken over by Gilles Simon.
References
External links
Profile at Grandprix.com, retrieved 27 October 2006.
1952 births
Living people
University of Bologna alumni
Ferrari people
Formula One engine engineers
Italian motorsport people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%20M.%20O.%20Smith
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Apollo Milton Olin Smith (usually referred to as A.M.O. Smith) (July 2, 1911 – May 1, 1997) was an important figure in the aerodynamics field at Douglas Aircraft from 1938 to 1975 and an early pioneer in the area of computational fluid dynamics.
Early life
A.M.O. Smith was born in Columbia, Missouri. He graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach, California in 1929 and went on to study at Compton Junior College in Compton, California and finally the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, where he received his BS in 1936 and his MS in 1938. While at Long Beach, he was a member of the Long Beach Glider Club along with John Pierce, one of the earliest glider clubs in southern California. While at Caltech, he built and tested a number of rockets with Professor Theodore von Kármán's students Frank Malina, Edward Forman, Jack Parsons and Tsien Hsue-shen. This work led to the formation of Aerojet and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory several years later.
Career
In June 1938, Smith was hired by the El Segundo Division of Douglas Aircraft. During his time there, he worked on aerodynamic and preliminary design problems of the DC-5, SBD Dauntless, DB-7 Boston, A-20 Havoc and A-26 Invader. In October 1942 he went on a leave of absence, at the request of General H.H. Arnold, to help organize and develop the newly formed Aerojet company as its first Chief Engineer. Under his guidance, the engineering organization at Aerojet grew from six people to over
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagram%20%28category%20theory%29
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In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a diagram is the categorical analogue of an indexed family in set theory. The primary difference is that in the categorical setting one has morphisms that also need indexing. An indexed family of sets is a collection of sets, indexed by a fixed set; equivalently, a function from a fixed index set to the class of sets. A diagram is a collection of objects and morphisms, indexed by a fixed category; equivalently, a functor from a fixed index category to some category.
The universal functor of a diagram is the diagonal functor; its right adjoint is the limit of the diagram and its left adjoint is the colimit. The natural transformation from the diagonal functor to some arbitrary diagram is called a cone.
Definition
Formally, a diagram of type J in a category C is a (covariant) functor
The category J is called the index category or the scheme of the diagram D; the functor is sometimes called a J-shaped diagram. The actual objects and morphisms in J are largely irrelevant; only the way in which they are interrelated matters. The diagram D is thought of as indexing a collection of objects and morphisms in C patterned on J.
Although, technically, there is no difference between an individual diagram and a functor or between a scheme and a category, the change in terminology reflects a change in perspective, just as in the set theoretic case: one fixes the index category, and allows the functor (and, secondarily, the target category)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suslin%20cardinal
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In mathematics, a cardinal λ < Θ is a Suslin cardinal if there exists a set P ⊂ 2ω such that P is λ-Suslin but P is not λ'-Suslin for any λ' < λ. It is named after the Russian mathematician
Mikhail Yakovlevich Suslin (1894–1919).
See also
Suslin representation
Suslin line
AD+
References
Howard Becker, The restriction of a Borel equivalence relation to a sparse set, Arch. Math. Logic 42, 335–347 (2003),
Cardinal numbers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Romsey%20School
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The Romsey School is a mixed community academy in Romsey, Hampshire, England. The school was a secondary modern, called Romsey County Secondary School, until the 1970s when it became a comprehensive. In 2000 it became a Specialist Language College jointly with The Mountbatten School. In 2005 the school's specialisation changed to a Mathematics and Computing College. In August 2011 the school became an academy. The school has approximately 1100 children aged 11–16 and 100 teachers. The catchment area includes the villages of Ampfield, Braishfield, Sherfield English, Michelmersh, Timsbury and Awbridge.
In 2010 81% of pupils achieved 5 or more A*–C grades in their GCSEs. 94% of pupils achieved at least a pass on A*-C. In 2018 the Progress 8 measure was average for the school and 50% of pupils achieved Grade 5 or above in English and maths GCSEs, compared to 45% for Hampshire and 40% for England.
ASD Support Base
The school runs an ASD Support Base to support pupils with Special needs and Autistic spectrum disorder. The ASD Base was established in September 2002 to help students on the Autistic Spectrum attend mainstream lessons. In 2009, a sensory garden was built to help resource members relax and carry out gardening work.
Awards
The school won the inaugural 'Community School of the Year' People's Service award from Children & Young People Now magazine in 2006.
Academy Status
The Romsey School converted to an academy under the Academies Act 2010 on 1 August 2011.
Notable f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suslin%20representation
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In mathematics, a Suslin representation of a set of reals (more precisely, elements of Baire space) is a tree whose projection is that set of reals. More generally, a subset A of κω is λ-Suslin if there is a tree T on κ × λ such that A = p[T].
By a tree on κ × λ we mean here a subset T of the union of κi × λi for all i ∈ N (or i < ω in set-theoretical notation).
Here, p[T] = { f | ∃g : (f,g) ∈ [T] } is the projection of T,
where [T] = { (f, g ) | ∀n ∈ ω : (f(n), g(n)) ∈ T } is the set of branches through T.
Since [T] is a closed set for the product topology on κω × λω where κ and λ are equipped with the discrete topology (and all closed sets in κω × λω come in this way from some tree on κ × λ), λ-Suslin subsets of κω are projections of closed subsets in κω × λω.
When one talks of Suslin sets without specifying the space, then one usually means Suslin subsets of R, which descriptive set theorists usually take to be the set ωω.
See also
Suslin cardinal
Suslin operation
External links
R. Ketchersid, The strength of an ω1-dense ideal on ω1 under CH, 2004.
Set theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile%20elements
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Volatile elements may refer to:
Volatility (chemistry), a property of elements in physical chemistry
Volatiles, a classification of elements in cosmochemistry and planetary science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20J.%20Dolan
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Philip Jarvis Dolan (October 5, 1923 – January 5, 1992) was an American physicist. He graduated from West Point in 1945, was assigned to the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos in 1948, and received his MSc in physics from the University of Virginia in 1956.
The son of a professor of military science at Purdue University, Dolan served in the Korean War before holding U.S. Army posts including instructor in nuclear weapons employment and nuclear effects project officer. He later worked for Lockheed Corporation and SRI International.
He is best known as co-author with Samuel Glasstone of the reference work The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, as well as first editor of the two-part edition of the U.S. Department of Defense's 1,651 page secret-restricted data manual, Capabilities of Nuclear Weapons (DNA-EM-1, 1 July 1972).
Controversial publication
Dolan helped compile the controversial U.S. Army Field Manual, Nuclear Weapons Employment, FM 101–31, in 1963. Freeman Dyson commented on it in his 1984 book, Weapons and Hope: "The military doctrines summarised in FM 101-31 were valid... when tactical nuclear wars might have been small-scale and truly limited. The handbook represents a sincere attempt to put Oppenheimer's philosophy of local nuclear defence into practice."
J. Robert Oppenheimer said of this nuclear weapons capabilities question:I am not qualified, and if I were qualified I would not be allowed, to give a detailed evaluation of the appropriateness of the use of atomic wea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organotitanium%20chemistry
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Organotitanium chemistry is the science of organotitanium compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis, and reactions. Organotitanium compounds in organometallic chemistry contain carbon-titanium chemical bonds. They are reagents in organic chemistry and are involved in major industrial processes.
Brief history
Although the first attempt to prepare an organotitanium compound dates back to 1861, the first example was not reported until 1954. In that year titanocene dichloride was described by Wilkinson and Birmingham. Independently, titanium-based Ziegler–Natta catalysts were described leading to major commercial applications, for which the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded. This technology underscored the technical significance of organotitanium chemistry.
Properties
The titanium electron configuration ([Ar]3d24s2) vaguely resembles that of carbon and like carbon, the +4 oxidation state dominates. Titanium is however a much larger element than carbon, reflected by the Ti-C bond lengths being about 30% longer, e.g. 210 pm in tetrabenzyltitanium vs a typical C-C bond of 155 pm. Simple tetraalkyltitanium compounds however are not typically isolable, owing to the large size of titanium and the electron-deficient nature of its tetrahedral complexes. More abundant and more useful than the simple tetraalkyl compounds are mixed ligand complexes with alkoxide and cyclopentadienyl coligands. Titanium is capable of forming complexes with high coordination number
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triosmium%20dodecacarbonyl
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Triosmium dodecacarbonyl is a chemical compound with the formula Os3(CO)12. This yellow-colored metal carbonyl cluster is an important precursor to organo-osmium compounds. Many of the advances in cluster chemistry have arisen from studies on derivatives of Os3(CO)12 and its lighter analogue Ru3(CO)12.
Structure and synthesis
The cluster has D3h symmetry, consisting of an equilateral triangle of Os atoms, each of which bears two axial and two equatorial CO ligands. Each of the three osmium centers has an octahederal structure with four CO ligands and the other two osmium atoms.
The Os–Os bond distance is 2.88 Â (288 pm). Ru3(CO)12 has the same structure, whereas Fe3(CO)12 is different, with two bridging CO ligands resulting in C2v symmetry. In solution, is fluxional as indicated by 13C NMR measurements. The barrier is estimated at 70 kJ/mol
Os3(CO)12 is prepared by the direct reaction of OsO4 with carbon monoxide at 175 °C under high pressures:
3 OsO4 + 24 CO → Os3(CO)12 + 12 CO2
The yield is nearly quantitative.
Reactions
Many chemical reactions of Os3(CO)12 have been examined. Direct reactions of ligands with the cluster often lead to complex product distributions. Os3(CO)12 converts to more labile derivatives such as Os3(CO)11(MeCN) and Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2 using Me3NO as a decarbonylating agent:
Os3(CO)11(MeCN) reacts with a variety of even weakly basic ligands to form adducts.
Purging a solution of triosmium dodecacarbonyl in boiling octane (or simila
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony%20Jameson
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Guy Antony Jameson, FRS, FREng (born 20 November 1934, Gillingham, Kent) is Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Texas A&M University. Jameson is known for his pioneering work in the field of computational fluid dynamics. He has published more than 300 scientific papers (authored or co-authored) in a wide range of areas including computational fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, and control theory.
Jameson was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1997 for contributions to aircraft through the development of computational fluid dynamics. He was awarded the 2005 Elmer A. Sperry Award and received the 2015 AIAA/ASME/SAE/AHS Daniel Guggenheim Medal for lifetime achievement. He is an Honorary Fellow of the AIAA.
Early life
Born in Gillingham, Kent, UK Jameson spent much of his early childhood in India where his father was stationed as a British Army Officer. He first attended school at St. Edward's School, Shimla. Subsequently, he was educated in England at Mowden Hall School and Winchester College.
Jameson served as a lieutenant in the British Army in 1953–1955, and was sent to Malaya. On coming out of the army he worked in the compressor design section of Bristol Aero-Engines in the summer of 1955, before studying engineering at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Jameson graduated with first class honours in 1958. Subsequently, he stayed on at Cambridge to obtain a PhD in Magnetohydrodynamics, and he was a Research Fellow of Trinity Hall from 1960 to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20Chemistry%20Accounts
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Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles in theoretical chemistry, physical chemistry, quantum chemistry, and computational chemistry. It was founded in 1962 as Theoretica Chimica Acta and was given its present name in 1998. The publisher is Springer Berlin Heidelberg. The impact factor of this journal is 2.233 (2014). The editor-in-chief is the team of Carlo Adamo and Ilaria Ciofini, the associate editor is Weitao Yang, and the chief advisory editor is Donald G. Truhlar.
As Theoretica Chimica Acta the journal had the unusual policy of requiring that all articles had an abstract written in English, German, and French. Articles could be written in any of these languages or, very unusual for a modern science journal, in Latin. Only three articles were ever written in Latin. They were "Modus Computandi Eigenvectores et Eigenaestimationes e Matrice Densitatis" by T.K. Lim and M.A. Whitehead from McGill University in Canada; "Nova methodus adhibendi approximationem molecularium orbitalium ad plures iuxtapositas unitates" by M. Suard, G. Berthier (Paris, France) and G. Del Re (Rome, Italy); and "De structura electronica et stereochimica ionis Cu(NO2)64-" by Derek W. Smith from Department of Chemistry, The University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
References
External links
Chemistry journals
Academic journals established in 1962
Springer Science+Business Media
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan-Virgil%20Voiculescu
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Dan-Virgil Voiculescu (born 14 June 1949) is a Romanian professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. He has worked in single operator theory, operator K-theory and von Neumann algebras. More recently, he developed free probability theory.
Education and career
Voiculescu studied at the University of Bucharest, receiving his PhD in 1977 under the direction of Ciprian Foias. He was an assistant at the University of Bucharest (1972–1973), a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy (1973–1975), and a researcher at INCREST (1975–1986). He came to Berkeley in 1986 for the International Congress of Mathematicians, and stayed on as visiting professor. Voiculescu was appointed professor at Berkeley in 1987.
Awards and honors
He received the 2004 NAS Award in Mathematics from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) for “the theory of free probability, in particular, using random matrices and a new concept of entropy to solve several hitherto intractable problems in von Neumann algebras.”
Voiculescu was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2006. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
References
External links
Berkeley page
Notes on Free probability aspects of random matrices
Dan-Virgil Voiculescu: visionary operator algebraist and creator of free probability theory
Romanian emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
20th-century Romanian mathematicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihir%20Bellare
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Mihir Bellare is a cryptographer and professor at the University of California San Diego. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Caltech and a Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has published several seminal papers in the field of cryptography (notably in the area of provable security), many of which were co-written with Phillip Rogaway. Bellare has published a number of papers in the field of Format-Preserving Encryption. His students include Michel Abdalla, Chanathip Namprempre, Tadayoshi Kohno and Anton Mityagin. Bellare is one of the authors of skein.
In 2003 Bellare was a recipient of RSA Conference's Sixth Annual Award for outstanding contributions in the field of mathematics for his research in cryptography. In 2013 he became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2019 he was awarded Levchin Prize for Real-World Cryptography for his outstanding contributions to the design and analysis of real-world cryptosystems, including the development of random oracle model, modes of operation, HMAC, and models for key exchange.
Bellare's papers cover topics including:
HMAC
Random oracle
OAEP
Probabilistic signature scheme
Provable security
Format-preserving encryption
On September 14, 2022, Bellare was appointed by the Mayor of San Diego to the city's Privacy Advisory Board.
References
External links
Mihir Bellare
DBLP papers
Modern cryptographers
Public-key cryptographers
University of California, San Diego faculty
Living people
Fello
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ane
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In organic chemistry, the suffix -ane forms the names of organic compounds where the group (a carbon-carbon single bond) has been attributed the highest priority according to the rules of organic nomenclature. Such organic compounds are called alkanes. They are saturated hydrocarbons.
The names of the saturated hydrides of non-metals end with the suffix -ane: the hydrides of silicon are called silanes (); the hydrides of boron are boranes ().
The final "-e" is dropped before a suffix that starts with a vowel, e.g. "propanol".
Alternatively, "-ane" may be used for a mononuclear hydride of an element. For instance, methane for and oxidane for (water).
For the etymology, see Alkane.
See also
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
References
ane
ane
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-
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The root ar- is used in organic chemistry to form classification names for classes of organic compounds which contain a carbon skeleton and one or multiple aromatic rings. It was extracted from the word aromatic. See e.g. aryl.
Chemical nomenclature
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPHS
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BPHS or bphs may refer to:
Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra, a foundational compilation of Indian astrology
Bands per haploid set, number of bands seen in a haploid set in cytogenetics
Schools
Baldwin Park High School, Baldwin Park, California, United States
Banksia Park International High School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Bethel Park High School, Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, United States
Bossley Park High School, Bossley Park, New South Wales, Australia
Brooke Point High School, Stafford, Virginia, United States
Buena Park High School, Orange County, California, United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Soifer
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Alexander Soifer is a Russian-born American mathematician and mathematics author. His works include over 400 articles and 13 books.
Soifer obtained his Ph.D. in 1973 and has been a professor of mathematics at the University of Colorado since 1979. He was visiting fellow at Princeton University from 2002 to 2004, and again in 2006–2007. Soifer also teaches courses on art history and European cinema. His publications include 13 books and over 400 articles.
Every spring, Soifer, along with other mathematician colleagues, sponsors the Colorado Mathematical Olympiad (CMO) at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs. Soifer compiles and writes most of the problems for the contest. The CMO was founded by Soifer on April 18, 1983.
For the Olympiad's 30th anniversary, the university produced a film about it. In May 2018, in recognition of 35 years of leadership, the judges and winners decided in 2018 to rename the Colorado Mathematical Olympiad to the Soifer Mathematical Olympiad.
In 1991 Soifer founded the research quarterly Geombinatorics, and publishes it with the Geombinatorics editorial board.
In July 2006 at the University of Cambridge, Soifer was presented with the Paul Erdős Award by the World Federation of National Mathematics Competitions.
Soifer was the President of the World Federation of National Mathematics Competitions from 2012 to 2018. His Erdős number is 1.
Selected books
The Scholar and the State: In Search of Van der Waerden Springer, New York, 2015 (pub
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-al
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In chemistry, the suffix -al is the IUPAC nomenclature used in organic chemistry to form names of aldehydes containing the -(CO)H group in the systematic form. It was extracted from the word "aldehyde". With the exception of chemical compounds having a higher priority than it, all aldehydes is named with -al, such as 'propanal'. Some aldehydes also have common names, such as formaldehyde for methanal, acetaldehyde for ethanal. Benzaldehyde does not have a systematic form with -al.
References
al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk%20mathematics
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Folk mathematics may refer to:
The mathematical folklore that circulates among mathematicians
The informal mathematics used in everyday life
See also
Folk theorem (disambiguation)
Numerals in Koro Language -language of Indigenous People by N. C. Ghosh. Science and culture, 82(5-6) 189-193, 2016
Folk Mathematics : Concepts & Definition - An Out Line by N.C.Ghosh, Rabindra Bharati Patrika Vol. XII, No. 2, 2009
Folklore Study. LOKDARPAN - Journal of the Dept. of Folklore by N.C.Ghosh, Kalyani University. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2007
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-oate
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The suffix -oate is the IUPAC nomenclature used in organic chemistry to form names of compounds formed from carboxylic acids. They are of two types:
Formed by replacing the hydrogen atom in the –COOH by some other radical, usually an alkyl or aryl radical forming an ester. For example, methyl benzoate is a molecular compound with the structure C6H5–CO–O–CH3, and its condensed structural formula usually written as C6H5COOCH3.
Formed by removing the hydrogen atom in the –COOH, producing an anion, which joins with a cation forming a salt. For example, the sodium benzoate is an ionic compound with the structure C6H5–CO–O− Na+, and its condensed structural formula usually written as C6H5CO2Na.
The suffix comes from "-oic acid".
The most common examples of compounds named with the "oate" suffix are esters, like ethyl acetate, .
References
oate
English suffixes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%27s%20School
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The Sultan's School is a private school in Seeb, Oman.
The student roll is around 1300 from KG through to year 13. The curriculum is bilingual, with Arabic Language, Islamic Education and Social Studies taught in Arabic, and English Language, Mathematics and the Sciences taught in English. A full range of foundation subjects are taught in both languages.
Curriculum
The English curriculum in the elementary school is based on the English National Curriculum and the Arabic curriculum follows the Ministry of Education's "Basic Education Program". In the secondary school, the curriculum is aimed towards preparation for the International General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations. The International Baccalaureate Diploma (IBD) is also offered in Years 12 and 13. The IB Diploma Program (DP) is a course of study for students aged 16–19 years of age. Current options outside of the core include Information Technology, Business Studies, Economics, Drama, Art, and Design and Technology.
External links
Private schools in Oman
Educational institutions established in 1977
1977 establishments in Oman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Jimenez
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Joe Jimenez (June 10, 1926 – August 11, 2007) was an American professional golfer, best known for winning the 1978 PGA Seniors' Championship.
Jimenez, who was of Mexican American descent, was born in Kerrville, Texas. He was a 1952 graduate of Trinity University with majors in biology and physical education. Jimenez played on the PGA Tour in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He spent many years (1964–1991) as the club pro at the Jefferson City Country Club in Jefferson City, Missouri. His best showing in a major championship was a T-45 at the 1958 U.S. Open. The highlight of his career came when he won the 1978 PGA Seniors' Championship in a playoff over Manuel de la Torre and Joe Cheves with a birdie on the first extra hole of a sudden-death playoff.
Jimenez holds or formerly held two of golf's "shoot below your age" records. At the 1991 GTE Northwest Classic, a Senior PGA Tour event, 65-year-old Jimenez became the youngest player to shoot his age or lower in a tournament on one of golf's major professional circuits by shooting a 63. This record was later broken when 61-year-old Walter Morgan shot a 60 in the AT&T Canada Senior Open Championship. Jimenez still holds the most-strokes-below-age (7) record. He shot a 62 during the 1995 Ameritech Senior Open at the age of 69.
Since 1974, the Jefferson City Country Club has hosted a tournament in his honor, the Joe Jimenez Invitational He holds several Georgia-Pacific Grand Champions records.
Jiminez died at his home in San Antonio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasus
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Nasus is Latin for nose or snout, and appears in many related terms.
Biology
Medicine
Nasus externus, the external nose.
Auris Nasus Larynx, a medical journal ("Ear Nose Throat")
Zoology
Fish species
Gogonasus, a Devonian fish and link to early tetrapods
Barbus nasus, a Cyprinid fish
Bassozetus nasus, a cusk-eel
Chondrostoma nasus, nase
Coilia nasus, an anchovy
Coregonus nasus, broad whitefish
Lamna nasus, porbeagle, a shark
Menticirrhus nasus, highfin king croaker, (see kingcroaker)
Nematalosa nasus, Bloch's gizzard shad (see Clupeidae)
Ostracion nasus, shortnose boxfish (see boxfish)
Parodon nasus (syn: Parodon tortuosus), freshwater fish (see Characidae)
Typhlonus nasus, a cusk-eel (see Ophidiidae)
Xenotilapia nasus, a Cichlid
Other species
Brookesia nasus, a small chameleon
Conopsis nasus, a snake
Hylodes nasus, Santa Catarina Tree Toad, (synonyms include: Hyla nasus, Elosia nasuta, Elosia nasus, Enydrobius nasus, Elosia nasus nasus)
Morphology
Nasus or fontanellar gun, the hornlike frontal projection of some termites
Other uses
Fictional characters
Nasus, the Curator of the Sands, a playable champion character in the multiplayer online battle arena video game League of Legends
Geography
Nasus (Greece), a town of ancient Acarnania, Greece
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthy%20Formalism
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In computer science and recursion theory the McCarthy Formalism (1963) of computer scientist John McCarthy clarifies the notion of recursive functions by use of the IF-THEN-ELSE construction common to computer science, together with four of the operators of primitive recursive functions: zero, successor, equality of numbers and composition. The conditional operator replaces both primitive recursion and the mu-operator.
Introduction
McCarthy's notion of conditional expression
McCarthy (1960) described his formalism this way:
"In this article, we first describe a formalism for defining functions recursively. We believe this formalism has advantages both as a programming language and as a vehicle for developing a theory of computation....
We shall need a number of mathematical ideas and notations concerning functions in general. Most of the ideas are well known, but the notion of conditional expression is believed to be new, and the use of conditional expressions permits functions to be defined recursively in a new and convenient way."
Minsky's explanation of the "formalism"
In his 1967 Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines, Marvin Minsky in his § 10.6 Conditional Expressions: The McCarthy Formalism describes the "formalism" as follows:
"Practical computer languages do not lend themselves to formal mathematical treatment--they are not designed to make it easy to prove theorems about the procedures they describe. In a paper by McCarthy [1963] we find a formalism that en
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadori%20rearrangement
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The Amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the N-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose. The reaction is important in carbohydrate chemistry, specifically the glycation of hemoglobin (as measured by the HbA1c test).
The rearrangement is usually preceded by formation of a α-hydroxyimine by condensation of an amine with an aldose sugar. The rearrangement itself entails intramolecular redox reaction, converting this α-hydroxyimine to an α-ketoamine:
The formation of imines is generally reversible, but subsequent to conversion to the keto-amine, the attached amine is fixed irreversibly. This Amadori product is an intermediate in the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGE)s. The formation of an advanced glycation end-product involves the oxidation of the Amadori product.
Food chemistry
The reaction is associated with the amino-carbonyl reactions (also called glycation reaction, or Maillard reaction) in which the reagents are naturally occurring sugars and amino acids. One study demonstrated the possibility of Amadori rearrangement during interaction between oxidized dextran and gelatine.
History
The Amadori rearrangement was discovered by the organic chemist Mario Amadori (1886–1941), who in 1925 reported this reaction while studying the Maillard reaction.
See also
Fructoselysine, the Amadori product derived from glucose and ly
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate%20chemistry
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Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the detection, synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates. Due to the general structure of carbohydrates, their synthesis is often preoccupied with the selective formation of glycosidic linkages and the selective reaction of hydroxyl groups; as a result, it relies heavily on the use of protecting groups.
Monosaccharides
Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate synthesis
Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned specifically with the generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrate structures. This can include the synthesis of monosaccharide residues or structures containing more than one monosaccharide, known as oligosaccharides.
Glycosidic bond formation
Chemical glycosylation
Fischer glycosidation
Glycosyl halide
Koenigs-Knorr reaction
Protecting groups
Carbohydrate acetalisation
Trimethylsilyl
Benzyl Ether
para-methoxybenzyl ether
Oligosaccharides
Reactions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are reactants in many organic reactions. For example:
Cyanohydrin reaction
Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
Amadori rearrangement
Nef reaction
Wohl degradation
Tipson-Cohen reaction
Ferrier rearrangement
Ferrier II reaction
Functions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have four major functions within the body:
Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud%20Sparhawk
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John C. "Bud" Sparhawk (born August 11, 1937) is an American science fiction writer. He writes humorous science fiction, in particular the Sam Boone series of short fiction.
Biography
Sparhawk was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and lives in Annapolis. He has a BS degree in Mathematics from the University of Maryland and an MBA in Finance from Oklahoma City University. After fifteen years in the Air Force he worked for a variety of commercial companies before retiring from the role of Vice President at Macfadden, a Federal Government contractor. Sparhawk is also a member of SIGMA, a think tank of speculative writers that advises the government on issues of national interest.
Sparhawk started writing seriously in 1974 and made his first sale to Analog, followed quickly by his second, just when he entered his second year of graduate school, and just before taking a thirteen-year hiatus from SF. His work is most associated with his short fiction in Analog but it has also appeared in various other magazines and anthologies. He is a three-time nominee for the Nebula Award for Best Novella in 1997, 2002, and 2005, and his stories have appeared in several Year's Best SF anthologies. His first professionally published novel, titled Vixen, was released in 2008 from Cosmos Books. At the 2017 Nebula Awards Sparhawk received the Kevin O’Donnell, Jr. Award for service to the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), and in 2018 he retired from the SFWA Board of Directors as Ch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Bren%20School%20of%20Information%20and%20Computer%20Sciences
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The Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, also known colloquially as UCI's School of ICS or simply the Bren School, is an academic unit of University of California, Irvine (UCI), and the only dedicated school of computer science in the University of California system. Consisting of nearly three thousand students, faculty, and staff, the school maintains three buildings in the South-East section of UCI's undergraduate campus, and maintains student body and research affiliations throughout UCI.
The school of ICS consists of three departments: Computer Science, Informatics, and Statistics. The combined groupings focus the school around the fields of computing and processing of information. The departments confer eight undergraduate, eleven masters, and seven doctoral degrees in total, with some degree programs cooperating with affiliated schools.
History
Beginning in 1968, three years after UCI's founding, the Department of Information and Computer Science was created as an independent department, not belonging to any school. In 2002, the 35-year-old department was elevated to the status of a school, and its faculty were partitioned into two departments, the Department of Computer Science and the Department of Informatics. The Department of Statistics, founded earlier in 2002, was included as a third department in the newly created school.
During 2004, the school received a $20 million anonymous donation. The donation was later revealed to be from Donald
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornus
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Tornus may refer to:
Tornus (insect anatomy), an entomology term for the posterior corner of the wing
Tornus (gastropod), a gastropod genus in the family Tornidae
Biology disambiguation pages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20E.%20M.%20Pearce
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Charles Edward Miller Pearce (29 March 1940 – 8 June 2012) was a New Zealand/Australian mathematician.
At the time of his death on 8 June 2012 he was the (Sir Thomas) Elder Professor of Mathematics at the University of Adelaide.
Early life
Pearce was born in Wellington. His early schooling was in Wellington and he was dux of Hutt Valley High School in 1957. He earned his Bachelor of Science (a double major in Applied and Pure Mathematics and a further double major in Physics and Mathematical Physics) and in 1962 he earned a Masters of Science with first class honours in Mathematics, all from Victoria University of Wellington. The bachelor's degree was from the University of New Zealand, as the constituent colleges of UNZ, of which Victoria University College was one of four, had proliferated into four autonomous Universities by the time Pearce completed his master's degree.
New Zealand origins
Pearce always remained proud of his New Zealand origins. Being descended from Maori people, he claimed his New Zealand ancestry was longer than almost all his peers from New Zealand.
Pearce is descended from Alexander Gray, one of just five Scots who settled in New Zealand as part of the original and largely strong interest in Maoritanga and claimed ancestral connection to three waka (canoes) in the heke (migration): Aotea, Kurahaupo and Takatimu. His principal tribal connection was with the Ngati Ruanui, based in the southern Taranaki.
Life and career
In 1963 Pearce left New Zeal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabiosis
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Catabiosis is the process of growing older, aging and physical degradation.
The word comes from Greek "kata"—down, against, reverse and "biosis"—way of life and is generally used to describe senescence and degeneration in living organisms and biophysics of aging in general.
One of the popular catabiotic theories is the entropy theory of aging, where aging is characterized by thermodynamically favourable increase in structural disorder. Living organisms are open systems that take free energy from the environment and offload their entropy as waste. However, basic components of living systems—DNA, proteins, lipids and sugars—tend towards the state of maximum entropy while continuously accumulating damages causing catabiosis of the living structure.
Catabiotic force on the contrary is the influence exerted by living structures on adjoining cells, by which the latter are developed in harmony with the primary structures.
See also
Onpedia definition of catabiosis
Catabiotic force
Dictionary.com - Catabiosis
DNA damage theory of aging
Medical aspects of death
Biology terminology
Senescence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Committee%20for%20Traceability%20in%20Laboratory%20Medicine
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The Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine or JCTLM is collaboration between the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC).
The goal of the JCTLM is to provide a worldwide platform to promote and give guidance on internationally recognized and accepted equivalence of measurements in laboratory medicine and traceability to appropriate measurement standards.
See also
Good laboratory practice (GLP)
Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM)
Reference range
Reference values
References
External links
Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine
Clinical pathology
Joint committees
Standards organizations in France
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20Langlands%20conjectures
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In mathematics, the local Langlands conjectures, introduced by , are part of the Langlands program. They describe a correspondence between the complex representations of a reductive algebraic group G over a local field F, and representations of the Langlands group of F into the L-group of G. This correspondence is not a bijection in general. The conjectures can be thought of as a generalization of local class field theory from abelian Galois groups to non-abelian Galois groups.
Local Langlands conjectures for GL1
The local Langlands conjectures for GL1(K) follow from (and are essentially equivalent to) local class field theory. More precisely the Artin map gives an isomorphism from the group GL1(K)= K* to the abelianization of the Weil group. In particular irreducible smooth representations of GL1(K) are 1-dimensional as the group is abelian, so can be identified with homomorphisms of the Weil group to GL1(C). This gives the Langlands correspondence between homomorphisms of the Weil group to GL1(C) and
irreducible smooth representations of GL1(K).
Representations of the Weil group
Representations of the Weil group do not quite correspond to irreducible smooth representations of general linear groups. To get a bijection, one has to slightly modify the notion of a representation of the Weil group, to something called a Weil–Deligne representation. This consists of a representation of the Weil group on a vector space V together with a nilpotent endomorphism N of V such
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISA%20500%20Audit%20Evidence
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ISA 500 Audit Evidence is one of the International Standards on Auditing. It serves to guide the auditor on obtaining audit evidence through the application of an appropriate mix of tests of control systems and substantive tests of transaction and balances.
It requests the auditor to obtain 'sufficient' and 'appropriate' audit evidence in order to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the audit opinion.
The auditor considers reliability of audit evidence collected. For instance, audit evidence is more reliable when it exists in documentary form rather than subsequent oral representation of the matters. Auditors consider reliability of information but involve little authentication of evidence.
Financial statement assertions
It is stated in ISA 315 (paragraph A.124) that the auditor should use assertions for classes of transactions, account balances, and presentation and disclosures in sufficient detail to form a basis for the assessment of
risks of material misstatement and the design and performance of further audit procedures.
The auditor uses assertions in assessing risks by considering potential misstatements that may occur, and thereby designing audit procedures that are responsive to the particular risks.
Assertions used by the auditor fall into the following categories:
(a) Assertions about classes of transactions and events for the period ended:
Occurrence
Completeness
Accuracy
Cut-off
Classification
(b) Assertions about account balances at the period
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Wielinga
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Bonne Jan "Bob" Wielinga (3 October 1945, Amsterdam – 10 February 2016, Amsterdam) was a Dutch professor at the University of Amsterdam.
Wielinga studied physics at the University of Amsterdam, where he was awarded a PhD in 1972 for a study in nuclear physics. He has performed research on the methodology of knowledge-based system design and knowledge acquisition. In 1986, Wielinga was appointed full professor of Social Science Informatics (SWI) in the Faculty of Psychology. Wielinga leads several research projects, including KADS, ACKnowledge, REFLECT and KADS-II and was one of the main contributors to the development of the KADS methodology for knowledge based system development.
Publications
Wielinga, Bob J., Schreiber, A. Th. and Breuker, Joost A. "KADS: A modelling approach to knowledge engineering." Knowledge acquisition 4.1 (1992): 5-53.
See also
Knowledge Acquisition and Documentation Structuring
CommonKADS
University of Amsterdam
References
External links
The information on this page was taken from Wielinga's homepage at the University of Amsterdam.
1945 births
University of Amsterdam alumni
Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
Scientists from Amsterdam
2016 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Hieber
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Walter Hieber (18 December 1895 – 29 November 1976) was an inorganic chemist, known as the father of metal carbonyl chemistry. He was born 18 December 1895 and died 29 November 1976. Hieber's father was Johannes Hieber, an influential evangelical minister and politician.
Hieber was educated at Tübingen, Würzburg, and Heidelberg. In 1935 he was appointed Director of the Inorganic Chemical Institute at the Technical University in Münich.
Among his numerous research findings, Hieber prepared the first metal carbonyl hydrides such as H2Fe(CO)4 and HMn(CO)5. He discovered that metal carbonyls undergo nucleophilic attack by hydroxide, the “Hieber base reaction.” He and his students discovered several metal carbonyl compounds such as Re2(CO)10 and Os3(CO)12 He pioneered the development of metal carbonyl sulfides. Hieber is also known for his work with the cis effect, also known as the labilization of CO ligands in the cis position in octahedral complexes.
Hieber was highly decorated for his work, including in 1951 the Alfred Stock Prize. One of his most famous students was Nobel prize winner Ernst Otto Fischer. His first foreign student was John Anderson, FRS, in 1931.
References
1895 births
1976 deaths
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
20th-century German chemists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyn%20Chamberlain
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J. Martyn Chamberlain, (born 1947) is a British experimental physicist and academic. Having taught at the University of Nottingham and the University of Leeds, he joined Durham University as Professor of Applied Physics in 2003. From 2003 to 2011, he was also the Master of Grey College at the university. He retired in 2011.
References
Living people
Academics of Durham University
British physicists
Masters of Grey College, Durham
1947 births
Experimental physicists
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Academics of the University of Leeds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20modulation
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Hierarchical modulation, also called layered modulation, is one of the signal processing techniques for multiplexing and modulating multiple data streams into one single symbol stream, where base-layer symbols and enhancement-layer symbols are synchronously overlaid before transmission.
Hierarchical modulation is particularly used to mitigate the cliff effect in digital television broadcast, particularly mobile TV, by providing a (lower quality) fallback signal in case of weak signals, allowing graceful degradation instead of complete signal loss. It has been widely proven and included in various standards, such as DVB-T, MediaFLO, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband, a new 3.5th generation mobile network standard developed by 3GPP2), and is under study for DVB-H.
Hierarchical modulation is also taken as one of the practical implementations of superposition precoding, which can help achieve the maximum sum rate of broadcast channels. When hierarchical-modulated signals are transmitted, users with good reception and advanced receivers can demodulate multiple layers. For a user with a conventional receiver or poor reception, it may only demodulate the data stream embedded in the base layer. With hierarchical modulation, a network operator can target users of different types with different services or QoS.
However, traditional hierarchical modulation suffers from serious inter-layer interference (ILI) with impact on the achievable symbol rate.
Example
For example, the figure dep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate-induced%20basis
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In mathematics, a coordinate-induced basis is a basis for the tangent space or cotangent space of a manifold that is induced by a certain coordinate system. Given the coordinate system , the coordinate-induced basis of the tangent space is given by
and the dual basis of the cotangent space is
References
D.J. Hurley, M.A. Vandyck Topics in Differential Geometry: a New Approach Using D-Differentiation (2002 Springer) p. 5
Differential geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Shepherd-Barron
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Nicholas Ian Shepherd-Barron, FRS (born 17 March 1955), is a British mathematician working in algebraic geometry. He is a professor of mathematics at King's College London.
Education and career
Shepherd-Barron was a scholar of Winchester College. He obtained his B.A. at Jesus College, Cambridge in 1976, and received his Ph.D. at the University of Warwick under the supervision of Miles Reid in 1981.
In 2013, he moved from the University of Cambridge to King's College London.
Research
Shepherd-Barron works in various aspects of algebraic geometry, such as: singularities in the minimal model program; compactification of moduli spaces; the rationality of orbit spaces, including the moduli spaces of curves of genus 4 and 6; the geography of algebraic surfaces in positive characteristic, including a proof of Raynaud's conjecture; canonical models of moduli spaces of abelian varieties; the Schottky problem at the boundary; the relation between algebraic groups and del Pezzo surfaces; the period map for elliptic surfaces.
In 2008, with the number theorists Michael Harris and Richard Taylor, he proved the original version of the Sato–Tate conjecture and its generalization to totally real fields, under mild assumptions.
Awards and honors
Shepherd-Barron was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006.
Personal life
He is the son of John Shepherd-Barron, a Scottish inventor, who was responsible for inventing the first cash machine in 1967.
Notes
References
1955 births
Living
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Devitt
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Michael Devitt (born 1938) is an Australian philosopher currently teaching at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in New York City. His primary interests include philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, metaphysics and epistemology. His current work involves the philosophy of linguistics, foundational issues in semantics, the semantics of definite descriptions and demonstratives, semantic externalism, and scientific realism.
Education
Devitt's secondary education (1952–1957) was at Bradfield College in Berkshire, England, where he completed 3 "A" Levels and 9 "O" Levels. He then studied at the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia between 1958–1961, taking his qualifying exam at the end of that time.
His higher education began at the University of Sydney in 1962, where he studied philosophy and psychology. He graduated in 1966 with First Class Honours and a University Medal in philosophy. He continued on as a post-graduate research student until 1967, when he moved to Harvard University and studied under Quine. He received his MA in 1970 and his PhD in 1972.
Academic positions
Following the completion of his coursework at Harvard, Michael Devitt returned to Sydney in 1971 and began his teaching career as a lecturer in the Philosophy department. He was prominent in the 'Sydney philosophy disturbances'. He was made a senior lecturer in 1977 and associate professor in 1982, and by 1985 was named as Head of Department of Traditional and Modern P
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braid%20%28disambiguation%29
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A braid is an interweaving of flexible strands of hair, wire, etc.
Braid(s) may also refer to:
Location
Braid Station, a Vancouver SkyTrain station
Braid, a civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Braid in Edinburgh:
Hermitage of Braid
Braid Hills
Braid Burn
Mathematics
Braid theory, an abstract geometric theory in the field of topology
Braid group, a type of object in braid theory
Musical group
Braid (band), an emo and post-hardcore band from Illinois
Braids (band), an art rock band from Canada
Braided, a Canadian singing ensemble
The Braids, a duo known for their 1996 cover of "Bohemian Rhapsody"
People
Braid (surname)
Braids, a character in Magic: The Gathering
Braid, a character seen on Who Wants to Be a Superhero?
Other
Braid (video game), a 2008 video game
Braided river, a type of river pattern
Operation Braid, the official investigation into the murder of Joanna Yeates, a high-profile case from 2010 in the United Kingdom
Braid (film), a 2018 horror movie
See also
Der Zopf, German for "braid", a solitaire card game
French braid, a hairstyle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nef%20reaction
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In organic chemistry, the Nef reaction is an organic reaction describing the acid hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary nitroalkane () to an aldehyde () or a ketone () and nitrous oxide (). The reaction has been the subject of several literature reviews.
The reaction was reported in 1894 by the chemist John Ulric Nef, who treated the sodium salt of nitroethane with sulfuric acid resulting in an 85–89% yield of nitrous oxide and at least 70% yield of acetaldehyde. However, the reaction was pioneered a year earlier in 1893 by Konovalov, who converted the potassium salt of 1-phenylnitroethane with sulfuric acid to acetophenone.
Reaction mechanism
The reaction mechanism starting from the nitronate salt as the resonance structures 1a and 1b is depicted below:
The salt is protonated forming the nitronic acid 2 (in some cases these nitronates have been isolated) and once more to the iminium ion 3. This intermediate is attacked by water in a nucleophilic addition forming 4 which loses a proton and then water to the 1-nitroso-alkanol 5 which is believed to be responsible for the deep-blue color of the reaction mixture in many Nef reactions. This intermediate rearranges to hyponitrous acid 6 (forming nitrous oxide 6c through 6b) and the oxonium ion 7 which loses a proton to form the carbonyl compound.
Note that formation of the nitronate salt from the nitro compound requires an alpha hydrogen atom and therefore the reaction fails with tertiary nitro compounds.
Scope
Nef-t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Campinas%20Institute%20of%20Biology
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The State University of Campinas Institute of Biology () is a research and higher education institution located at UNICAMP's main campus in the district of Barão Geraldo in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Undergraduate programs
Bachelor's Degree in Biological Sciences
Teaching Degree in Biological Sciences
Graduate programs
Cellular and Structural Biology
Veterinary Medicine
Ecology
Functional and Molecular Biology
Genetics and Molecular Biology
Plant Biology
Parasitology
Interdepartmental Complementary Units
Herbarium
Zoology Museum
Electron Microscope Laboratory
Address
Instituto de Biologia
Rua Monteiro Lobato - n° 255
Unicamp - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz
Campinas - 13083-970
Brazil
External links
Official site
- Programs of University of Campinas
University of Campinas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabauty%20topology
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In mathematics, the Chabauty topology is a certain topological structure introduced in 1950 by Claude Chabauty, on the set of all closed subgroups of a locally compact group G.
The intuitive idea may be seen in the case of the set of all lattices in a Euclidean space E. There these are only certain of the closed subgroups: others can be found by in a sense taking limiting cases or degenerating a certain sequence of lattices. One can find linear subspaces or discrete groups that are lattices in a subspace, depending on how one takes a limit. This phenomenon suggests that the set of all closed subgroups carries a useful topology.
This topology can be derived from the Vietoris topology construction, a topological structure on all non-empty subsets of a space. More precisely, it is an adaptation of the Fell topology construction, which itself derives from the Vietoris topology concept.
References
Claude Chabauty, Limite d'ensembles et géométrie des nombres. Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France, 78 (1950), p. 143-151
Topological groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary-Claire%20King
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Mary-Claire King (born February 27, 1946) is an American geneticist. She was the first to show that breast cancer can be inherited due to mutations in the gene she called BRCA1. She studies human genetics and is particularly interested in genetic heterogeneity and complex traits. She studies the interaction of genetics and environmental influences and their effects on human conditions such as breast and ovarian cancer, inherited deafness, schizophrenia, HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. She has been the American Cancer Society Professor of the Department of Genome Sciences and of Medical Genetics in the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington since 1995.
Besides known for her accomplishment in identifying breast cancer genes, King is also known for demonstrating that humans and chimpanzees are 99% genetically identical and for applying genomic sequencing to identify victims of human rights abuses. In 1984, in Argentina, she began working in identifying children who had been stolen from their families and adopted illegally under the military dictatorship during the Dirty War (1976–1983). She has received many awards, including the Lasker Award and the National Medal of Science. In 2002, Discover magazine recognized King as one of the 50 most important women in science.
Early life
Mary-Claire King was born on February 27, 1946, to Harvey and Clarice King of Wilmette, Illinois, near Chicago. Her father worked for Standard Oil of Ind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldson%20theory
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In mathematics, and especially gauge theory, Donaldson theory is the study of the topology of smooth 4-manifolds using moduli spaces of anti-self-dual instantons. It was started by Simon Donaldson (1983) who proved Donaldson's theorem restricting the possible quadratic forms on the second cohomology group of a compact simply connected 4-manifold. Important consequences of this theorem include the existence of an Exotic R4 and the failure of the smooth h-cobordism theorem in 4 dimensions. The results of Donaldson theory depend therefore on the manifold having a differential structure, and are largely false for topological 4-manifolds.
Many of the theorems in Donaldson theory can now be proved more easily using Seiberg–Witten theory, though there are a number of open problems remaining in Donaldson theory, such as the Witten conjecture and the Atiyah–Floer conjecture.
See also
Kronheimer–Mrowka basic class
Instanton
Floer homology
Yang–Mills equations
References
.
.
.
.
Geometric topology
4-manifolds
Differential topology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLHEP
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CLHEP (short for A Class Library for High Energy Physics) is a C++ library that provides utility classes for general numerical programming, vector arithmetic, geometry, pseudorandom number generation, and linear algebra, specifically targeted for high energy physics simulation and analysis software.
The project is hosted by CERN and currently managed by a collaboration of researchers from CERN and other physics research laboratories and academic institutions. According to the project's website, CLHEP is in maintenance mode (accepting bug fixes but no further development is expected).
CLHEP was proposed by Swedish physicist Leif Lönnblad in 1992 at a Conference on Computing in High-Energy Physics. Lönnblad is still involved in maintaining CLHEP.
The project has more recently accepted contributions from other projects built on top of CLHEP, including the physics packages Geant4 and ZOOM, and the BaBar experiment at SLAC.
See also
Geant4, a software using CLHEP
FreeHEP, a similar library to CLHEP
COLT, a Java package for High Performance Scientific and Technical Computing, provided by CERN.
References
External links
Project CLHEP website
CLHEP User Guide
CLHEP at CERN
Physics software
CERN software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey%20nurse%20shark%20conservation
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One of the first shark species to be protected was the grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus). The biology, distribution and conservation of this species are dealt with in the following paragraphs with a main focus on Australia as it was here it first became protected.
Biology
The grey nurse shark, Carcharias taurus, also called the ragged-tooth shark, is an elasmobranch and belongs to the odontaspididae (ragged-tooth) shark family. It can easily be recognized by its characteristic conical snout and under hung jaw. Both jaws are laden with sharp, long and pointed teeth. The head is flattened and it has a large and stout body, which ranges up to 3.2 m and may weigh up to 300 kg. The body is grey to grey-brown dorsally and off-white on the belly. The juveniles (young sharks) usually have dark spots on the upper two-thirds of the body. The first and second dorsal fins are of similar size and the caudal fin is asymmetric. Once believed to be a man-eater, it is now known that this shark rarely attacks humans and if it does it is only in defense, or if it is baited.
Sharks are the top predators in our oceans, and as such they are important for the marine ecosystems as important regulators of other species. They eat the weak, the old and the dead animals. The grey nurse sharks eat mainly lobsters, crabs, smaller sharks, fish, rays and squid.
Distribution
Grey nurse sharks live near the coast in sub-tropical to cool-temperate waters near most continental land masses (not found in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MULTI2
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MULTI2 is a block cipher, developed by Hitachi in 1988. Designed for general-purpose cryptography, its current use is encryption of high-definition television broadcasts in Japan.
Cipher details
MULTI2 is a symmetric key algorithm with variable number of rounds. It has a block size of 64 bits, and a key size of 64 bits. A 256-bit implementation-dependent substitution box constant is used during key schedule. Scramble and descramble is done by repeating four basic functions (involutions).
History
1988 MULTI2 patent applied by Hitachi, Ltd on April 28
1989 Algorithm announced to DPS-SIG Information Processing Society of Japan
1991 Patent number 4982429 granted for MULTI2 algorithm in United States
1994 Algorithm registered with ISO/IEC 9979 and assigned registration number 9
1995 MULTI2 adopted as standard cipher for CS-Digital broadcasting in Japan
1998 Japanese Patent number 2760799 granted for MULTI2 algorithm
Cryptanalysis
There are a large class of equivalent keys in the Multi2 block cipher. The largest class (so far found) stems from the fact that the Pi3 round function in the key schedule is not bijective. For example, with the following 40-byte input key to the key schedule:
45 ec 86 d8
b6 5e 24 d5
38 fe 1d 90
ce fc a4 22
3e 39 1b e3
da 03 0f cb
9c 9e d7 c6
1c e4 73 61
d0 fa 39 86
58 5d 5b 90
You can perform the following single byte modifications (modification here means XOR against the original key byte):
Can mod byte 5 with CF
Can mod byte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude%20Gu%C3%A9don
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Jean-Claude Guédon (born 1943 in Le Havre, France) is a Quebec-based academic.
Education
In 1960-61, he was an American Field Service exchange student in Kenmore East Senior High School in Tonawanda, New York (US). He went on to study chemistry at Clarkson University in Potsdam, New York and earned a Ph.D. in history of science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1974.
Academic career
He began his career at Glendon College (York University) in Toronto, Ontario in 1970. He has been a professor at the Université de Montréal since 1973, first in the Institut d'histoire et de sociopolitique des sciences and, since 1987, in the Département de littérature comparée. He is a long-time member of the Internet Society serving as co-chair of the program committee in 1996, 1998 and 2000, and member of the same committee in 1997, 1999 and 2002.
Scholarly activities
Between 1998 and 2003, he was Chair of the Advisory Board for CNSLP (Canadian National Site Licence Project, now known as CRKN (Canadian Research Knowledge network). From 2002 until 2006, he was a member of the Open Society Institute's Information Program sub-board. From 2003-2007 he was a member of the Advisory Board of eIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries). In 2006 he was elected (until November 2008) Vice-President of the Canadian Society for the Humanities and Social Sciences. His portfolio is "dissemination of research".
He has advised numerous governmental bodies, including the Ministère de la Recherche (
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20Stannard
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Russell Stannard, (December 24.5 1931 – 4 July 2022) was a British high-energy particle physicist.
Stannard was born in London, England, on December 24.5 1931. He held the position of Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Open University. In 1986, he was awarded the Templeton UK Project Award for "significant contributions to the field of spiritual values; in particular for contributions to greater understanding of science and religion". He was awarded the OBE for "contributions to physics, the Open University, and the popularisation of science" (1998) and the Bragg Medal and Prize of the Institute of Physics for "distinguished contributions to the teaching of physics" (1999). He was admitted as a Fellow of University College London in 2000.
Stannard was also a sculptor; two of his pieces were on display in the main quadrangle of the Open University site at Milton Keynes.
In 2010, he helmed a series of ten short programmes collectively entitled "Boundaries of the knowable", dealing with subjects from both scientific and philosophical perspectives, ranging from the nature of consciousness, the nature of matter, space and time, the wave-particle duality of matter, the existence of extra-terrestrial life and infinite universes, whether our universe is eternal, and the question of "What caused the Big Bang?".
Stannard died on 4 July 2022, at the age of 90.
Career
Studied Physics at University College London earning a B.Sc. (Special Physics) degree (1953); this was followed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Stanley%20Whittingham
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Michael Stanley Whittingham (born 22 December 1941) is a British-American chemist. He is a professor of chemistry and director of both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering program at Binghamton University, State University of New York. He also serves as director of the Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES) of the U.S. Department of Energy at Binghamton. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 alongside Akira Yoshino and John B. Goodenough.
Whittingham is a key figure in the history of lithium-ion batteries, which are used in everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles. He discovered intercalation electrodes and thoroughly described intercalation reactions in rechargeable batteries in the 1970s. He holds the patents on the concept of using intercalation chemistry in high power-density, highly reversible lithium-ion batteries. He also invented the first rechargeable lithium metal battery (LMB), patented in 1977 and assigned to Exxon for commercialization in small devices and electric vehicles. Whittingham's rechargeable lithium metal battery is based on a LiAl anode and an intercalation-type TiS2 cathode. His work on lithium batteries laid the foundation for others' developments, so he is called the founding father of lithium-ion batteries.
Education and career
Whittingham was born in Nottingham, England, on 22 December 1941. He was educated at Stamford School from 1951 to 1960, before going up t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Bayma
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Joseph Bayma (November, 1816 in Piedmont, Italy – February 7, 1892, in Santa Clara, California) was a mathematician, philosopher, and scientist. He is known for work relating to stereochemistry and mathematics.
He entered the Society of Jesus on February 5, 1832. He was in charge of the episcopal seminary of Bertinoro when political troubles in 1860 led to his move to England. At Stonyhurst College he took up philosophy and taught it for some seven years. This led to his producing three volumes of "Realis Philosophia." These were for private presses, and the volumes are not reliable as evidence of his mature opinions. In 1868, he left England for California. He believed technology could be abused but could improve society.
In California, he would be Rector of Saint Ignatius' College, San Francisco, for three years, and he is listed as a past president of the University of San Francisco. He resided in Santa Clara, teaching elementary mathematics there. He would work in Santa Clara until his death. At his death, he left behind, in manuscript, an elaborate new edition of the "Realis Philosophia", which never saw the light. His published works are "Molecular Mechanics" (Cambridge, 1866); "The Love of Religious Perfection", originally in Italian, in the style of "The Imitation of Christ" (published in English, Dublin, 1863); articles in "The Catholic World", XVII–XXI (1873–75), the best printed account of his philosophy; two articles in the "Am. Cath. Q. Rev.", II (1877); and "A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine%20%28computer%20science%29
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An engine is a continuation-based construct that provides timed preemption. Engines which can contain other engines are sometimes called Nesters and engines which do not have this ability are then called flat engines or "solo engines". To implement timed preemption there needs to be a clock. This clock can measure real time or simulated time. Simulated time can be implemented in a language like Scheme, by making each function start with decrementing the clock.
(define-syntax timed-lambda
((_ formals exp1 exp2 ...)
(lambda formals (decrement-timer) exp1 exp2 ...))))
References
Control flow
Continuations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20protein-related%20articles
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Proteins are a class of biomolecules composed of amino acid chains.
Biochemistry
Antifreeze protein, class of polypeptides produced by certain fish, vertebrates, plants, fungi and bacteria
Conjugated protein, protein that functions in interaction with other chemical groups attached by covalent bonds
Denatured protein, protein which has lost its functional conformation
Matrix protein, structural protein linking the viral envelope with the virus core
Protein A, bacterial surface protein that binds antibodies
Protein A/G, recombinant protein that binds antibodies
Protein C, anticoagulant
Protein G, bacterial surface protein that binds antibodies
Protein L, bacterial surface protein that binds antibodies
Protein S, plasma glycoprotein
Protein Z, glycoprotein
Protein catabolism, the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and simple derivative compounds
Protein complex, group of two or more associated proteins
Protein electrophoresis, method of analysing a mixture of proteins by means of gel electrophoresis
Protein folding, process by which a protein assumes its characteristic functional shape or tertiary structure
Protein isoform, version of a protein with some small differences
Protein kinase, enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them
Protein ligands, atoms, molecules, and ions which can bind to specific sites on proteins
Protein microarray, piece of glass on which different molecules of protein have been affixed at sepa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20%28disambiguation%29
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Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
Uranium may also refer to:
Chemistry
Isotopes of uranium
Uranium-232
Uranium-233
Uranium-234
Uranium-235
Uranium-236
Uranium-238
Uranium-239
Uranium-240
Places
Uranium (Caria), a town of ancient Caria, now in Turkey
Uranium City, Saskatchewan, a Canadian settlement
Arts
Uranium (album), 2015 album by Danish dancehall band Bikstok
See also
List of uranium mines
U (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20R.%20Ragazzini
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John Ralph Ragazzini (January 3, 1912 – November 22, 1988) was an American electrical engineer and a professor of Electrical Engineering.
Biography
Ragazzini was born in Manhattan, New York City from Italian immigrants Luigi Ragazzini and Angelina Badelli and received the degrees of B.S. and E.E. at the City College of New York in 1932 and 1933 and earned the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Columbia University in 1939 and 1941.
Ragazzini was dean of the School of Engineering and Science at New York University and during World War II he was chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University, where he was involved in the Manhattan Project. He also served as a technical aide for the National Defense Research Committee, supervising research in the fields of Ultra high frequency transmitters and receivers, Analog computers and control systems.
Ragazzini's notable students are Rudolf E. Kálmán (known for Kalman filters), Eliahu Ibraham Jury (known for Z-transform), Gene F. Franklin (known for digital control), James H. Mulligan Jr., and Lotfi Asker Zadeh (known for fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic).
Ragazzini is also credited, along with Lotfi Zadeh, in 1952, to have pioneered the development of the z-transform method in discrete-time signal processing and analysis.
In 1970 he received the Rufus Oldenburger Medal. In 1979, American Automatic Control Council named John R. Ragazzini Award after Ragazzini and he was the first recipient
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Air%20Brake
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The New York Air Brake Corporation, located in Watertown, New York, is a manufacturer of air brake and train control systems for the railroad industry worldwide.
History
Establishment 1876-1900
New York Air Brake was established on July 1, 1890 acquiring all of the property and business of Eames Vacuum Brake Company. Eames Vacuume Brake Company had previously been in existence since 1876 manufacturing vacuum brakes. The new company erected ten new buildings on Beebee Island and nearby shores just in time for a booming brake market driven by an 1893 law mandating standardized brakes for all railroad cars.
Expansion and a new plant 1900-1914
In 1902, NYAB bought the Poole Farm in Watertown, NY, and began its move to its present location. The new Works were planned as a model industrial enterprise, providing housing, work, and recreation for 1,000 employees on the grounds. The workers, however, decided that they did not want to live next door to their workplace and the plan was scrapped. In 1903, the new foundry became the first part of the new plant to begin operations.
During this period NYAB's main competition was Westinghouse Air Brake Company, which lead the market in locomotive braking sales. Despite Westinghouse's lead, American railroads preferred to have two brake suppliers. James Hill, builder of the Great Northern Railway, and the New York Central Railroad were especially supportive of New York Air Brake's technology. In 1912, NYAB and Westinghouse agreed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias%20Mann
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Matthias Mann (born 10 October 1959) is a scientist in the area of mass spectrometry and proteomics.
Early life and education
Born in Germany he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Göttingen. He received his Ph.D. in 1988 at Yale University where he worked in the group of John Fenn, who was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Career
After a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense Mann became group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg. Later he went back to Odense as a professor of bioinformatics. Since 2005 he has been a director at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich. In addition, he became a principal investigator at the newly founded "Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research" in Copenhagen.
From his research group in Munich originated in 2016 PreOmics – a company commercializing sample prep sets, and EVOSEP – a company commercializing protein analysis equipment.
His work has impact in various fields of mass spectrometry-based proteomics:
The peptide sequence tag approach developed at the EMBL was one of the first methods for the identification of peptides based on mass spectra and genome data.
Nano-electrospray (an electrospray technique with very low flow rates) was the first method that allowed femtomole sequencing of proteins from polyacrylamide gels.
A recently developed metabolic labeling technique called SILAC (stable isotope labeling with am
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon%20ben%20Zemah%20Duran
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Simeon ben Zemah Duran, also Tzemach Duran (1361–1444; ), known as Rashbatz () or Tashbatz was a Rabbinical authority, student of philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and especially of medicine, which he practised for a number of years at Palma de Mallorca. A major 15th century posek, his published decisions in matters of halakha have been widely quoted in halakhic literature for hundreds of years.
Biography
Simeon ben Tzemach was born in the Hebrew month of Adar, 1361. Various accounts put his birthplace as either Barcelona, or the island of Majorca. He was a near relation but not a grandson of Levi ben Gershon. He was a student of Ephraim Vidal, and of Jonah de Maestre, rabbi in Zaragoza or in Calatayud, whose daughter Bongoda he married.
After the 1391 massacre in the Balearic Islands, he fled Spain with his father and sister for Algiers, where, in addition to practicing medicine, he continued his studies during the earlier part of his stay. In 1394 he and the Algerian rabbi Isaac ben Sheshet ("the Rivash") drafted statutes for the Jewish community of Algiers. After the Rivash's retirement, Duran became rabbi of Algiers in 1407. Unlike his predecessor, he refused on principle to accept any confirmation of his appointment by the regent. As Duran had lost all his property during the massacre at Palma, he was forced against his will to accept a salary from the community, not having other means of subsistence. He held this office until his death. His epitaph, written by hi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%E2%80%93Tamm%20formula
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The Frank–Tamm formula yields the amount of Cherenkov radiation emitted on a given frequency as a charged particle moves through a medium at superluminal velocity. It is named for Russian physicists Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm who developed the theory of the Cherenkov effect in 1937, for which they were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.
When a charged particle moves faster than the phase speed of light in a medium, electrons interacting with the particle can emit coherent photons while conserving energy and momentum. This process can be viewed as a decay. See Cherenkov radiation and nonradiation condition for an explanation of this effect.
Equation
The energy emitted per unit length travelled by the particle per unit of frequency is:
provided that . Here and are the frequency-dependent permeability and index of refraction of the medium respectively, is the electric charge of the particle, is the speed of the particle, and is the speed of light in vacuum.
Cherenkov radiation does not have characteristic spectral peaks, as typical for fluorescence or emission spectra. The relative intensity of one frequency is approximately proportional to the frequency. That is, higher frequencies (shorter wavelengths) are more intense in Cherenkov radiation. This is why visible Cherenkov radiation is observed to be brilliant blue. In fact, most Cherenkov radiation is in the ultraviolet spectrum; the sensitivity of the human eye peaks at green, and is very low in the violet po
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Jang-moo
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Lee Jang-Moo (Korean: 이장무, Hanja: 李長茂, born May 14, 1945) is a professor of Seoul National University in the department of Mechanical Engineering and the current president of Seoul National University since July 2006.
References
Living people
1945 births
Seoul National University alumni
Iowa State University alumni
Academic staff of Seoul National University
Presidents of Seoul National University
Members of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20Data%20Bank%20of%20Japan
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The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is a biological database that collects DNA sequences. It is located at the National Institute of Genetics (NIG) in the Shizuoka prefecture of Japan. It is also a member of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration or INSDC. It exchanges its data with European Molecular Biology Laboratory at the European Bioinformatics Institute and with GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology Information on a daily basis. Thus these three databanks contain the same data at any given time.
History
DDBJ began data bank activities in 1987 at NIG and remains the only nucleotide sequence data bank in Asia.
Organisation
Although DDBJ mainly receives its data from Japanese researchers, it can accept data from contributors from any other country. DDBJ is primarily funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). DDBJ has an international advisory committee which consists of nine members, 3 members each from Europe, US, and Japan. This committee advises DDBJ about its maintenance, management and future plans once a year. Apart from this, DDBJ also has an international collaborative committee which advises on various technical issues related to international collaboration and consists of working-level participants.
See also
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)
References
External links
Official site
DDBJ entry in MetaBase.
Genomics
Ge
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%20MCS-296
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The Intel MCS-296 is a family of microcontrollers (MCU), an improved version of the Intel MCS-96, while remaining compatible. The family is often referred to as the 80296. The MCU has improved math performance making it practical in embedded digital signal processing (DSP) and feedback control systems. It can perform 12.5 DSP MIPS and general performance MIPS.
The main features of the MCS-296 family is 50 MHz operation, MCS-96 compatibility, pipeline architecture, 6 MB addressable space, 2 KB code/data RAM, 40-bit accumulator, fast hardware multiplier and accumulator, and 512 Byte register RAM.
References
http://www.intel.com/design/support/faq/microcontrollers/supportform.htm
Intel microcontrollers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Albert%20Bailey
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Victor Albert Bailey (18 December 1895 – 7 December 1964) was a British-Australian physicist. The eldest of four surviving children of William Henry Bailey, a British Army engineer, and his wife Suzana (née Lazarus), an expatriate Romanian linguist, Bailey is notable for his work in ionospheric physics and population dynamics.
Biography
Bailey read physics at The Queen's College, University of Oxford, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1919. Thereafter, he read for a Doctorate of Philosophy (D.Phil.) at Queen's College, under the supervision of John Sealy Edward Townsend, the Wykeham Professor of Physics and Fellow of New College, Oxford. His D.Phil. thesis was entitled "The Diffusion of Ions in Gases", and he graduated in 1923.
Bailey was employed as a demonstrator in the Electrical Laboratory at Oxford and occasional lecturer, at Queen's College, Oxford.
In 1924, he was appointed as associate professor of physics at the University of Sydney. Bailey was subsequently promoted to Professor of Experimental Physics (1936–52) and Research Professor (1953–60).
Awards
1951: T. K. Sidey Medal, awarded by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research.
1955: Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAA)
1955: Walter Burfitt Prize and A.D. Olle Award received from Royal Society of New South Wales
References
'Bailey, Victor Albert - Ms 32', in Listing of Adolph Basser Library holdings, Australian Academy of Science, 1994,
'Bailey, V
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20J.%20LaPorte
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Leon J. LaPorte (born May 5, 1946) is a retired United States Army General who served as Commander, 1st Cavalry Division from 1995 through 1997 and as Commander, United States Forces Korea until 2006.
Career
LaPorte graduated from the University of Rhode Island with a B.A. degree in biology in 1968 and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army as an Armor Officer. From 1969 until 1970 he served with the 3rd Infantry Division, in 1971 he transferred to the 238th Aerial Weapons Company in the Republic of Vietnam. In 1977 he received his M.S. degree in Administration from the University of California, Irvine. From 1977 until 1980 he was an assistant professor at the United States Military Academy. In October 1990 as the Chief of Staff, 1st Cavalry Division he deployed as part of Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. He returned in 1995 to command the 1st Cavalry Division until 1997. From February 2003 until February 2006 he was commander of United States Forces Korea (USFK) and United Nations Forces, Korea. In February he retired from the Army after 38 years of service, handing command to U.S. Army General Burwell B. Bell III.
LaPorte played a major part in an investigation of the involvement U.S. military personnel in hiring prostitutes and facilitating human trafficking in South Korea. Laporte gave an apology to the families of the two South Korean junior high-school girls that were accidentally run over and killed by a U.S. armored vehicle in 2002.
Awards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20tic-tac-toe
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Quantum tic-tac-toe is a "quantum generalization" of tic-tac-toe in which the players' moves are "superpositions" of plays in the classical game. The game was invented by Allan Goff of Novatia Labs, who describes it as "a way of introducing quantum physics without mathematics", and offering "a conceptual foundation for understanding the meaning of quantum mechanics".
Background
The motivation to invent quantum tic-tac-toe was to explore what it means to be in two places at once. In classical physics, a single object cannot be in two places at once. In quantum physics, however, the mathematics used to describe quantum systems seems to imply that before being subjected to quantum measurement (or "observed") certain quantum particles can be in multiple places at once. (The textbook example of this is the double-slit experiment.) How the universe can be like this is rather counterintuitive. There is a disconnect between the mathematics and our mental images of reality, a disconnect that is absent in classical physics. This is why quantum mechanics supports multiple "interpretations".
The researchers who invented quantum tic-tac-toe were studying abstract quantum systems, formal systems whose axiomatic foundation included only a few of the axioms of quantum mechanics. Quantum tic-tac-toe became the most thoroughly studied abstract quantum system and offered insights that spawned new research. It also turned out to be a fun and engaging game, a game which also provides good peda
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Bednorz
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Johannes Georg Bednorz (; born 16 May 1950) is a German physicist who, together with K. Alex Müller, discovered high-temperature superconductivity in ceramics, for which they shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Life and work
Bednorz was born in Neuenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany to elementary-school teacher Anton and piano teacher Elisabeth Bednorz, as the youngest of four children. His parents were both from Silesia in Central Europe, but were forced to move westwards in turbulences of World War II.
As a child, his parents tried to get him interested in classical music, but he was more practically inclined, preferring to work on motorcycles and cars. (Although as a teenager he did eventually learn to play the violin and trumpet.) In high school he developed an interest in the natural sciences, focusing on chemistry, which he could learn in a hands-on manner through experiments.
In 1968, Bednorz enrolled at the University of Münster to study chemistry. However, he soon felt lost in the large body of students, and opt to switch to the much less popular subject of crystallography, a subfield of mineralogy at the interface of chemistry and physics. In 1972, his teachers Wolfgang Hoffmann and Horst Böhm arranged for him to spend the summer at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory as a visiting student. The experience here would shape his further career: not only did he meet his later collaborator K. Alex Müller, the head of the physics department, but he also exper
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Developmental%20Biology
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The Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology Tübingen was located in Tübingen, Germany; it was founded as Max Planck Institute for Virus Research in 1954 as an offshoot of the Tübingen-based Max Planck Institute for Biology. From 1984 to 2021, it was named Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology. The topics of scientific research conducted at the institute cover a very wide range -- from biochemistry, cell and developmental biology to evolutionary and ecological genetics, functional genomics and bioinformatics -- in order to address fundamental questions in microbial, plant and animal biology, including the interaction between different organisms.
Departments
Protein Evolution - Andrei Lupaș
Microbiome Science - Ruth E. Ley
Evolutionary Biology - Ralf J. Sommer
Molecular Biology - Detlef Weigel (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences, Foreign Member of the Royal Society)
Algal Development and Evolution - Susana Coelho
Genetics - C. Nüsslein-Volhard (emeritus; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, Member of the US National Academy of Sciences, Foreign Member of the Royal Society)
Cell Biology - Gerd Jürgens (emeritus; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize)
See also
Max Planck Society
References
External links
Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen
Biology
Biological research institutes
Education in Tübingen
Genetics in Germany
Organisations based in Tübingen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Abraham%20Goldblith
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Samuel Abraham Goldblith (May 5, 1919 – December 28, 2001) was an American food scientist. While involved in World War II, he studied malnutrition, and later was involved in food research important for space exploration.
Early life
A native of Lawrence, Massachusetts, Goldblith was the son of a Russian immigrant. He received his S.B. in biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1940. During his student days, he was also involved in Reserve Officers' Training Corps, and began serving with the United States Army Corps of Engineers as a Second Lieutenant in the Philippines.
World War II and POW
While in the Philippines, Goldblith would be part of the US Army contingent involved in the Battle of the Philippines and captured by the Japanese following the Battle of Corregidor. Having been surrendered on Corregidor, Goldblith avoided the Bataan Death March and Camp O'Donnell, being sent instead to one of the Cabanatuan POW camps. In November 1942 he endured a trip aboard the "hell ship", Nagato Maru, to Japan.
Despite being a POW, Goldblith was able to conduct scientific research, even studying malnutrition and related diseases affecting those around him. His knowledge of botany and chemistry would save the lives of many of his fellow soldiers while a POW. These studies included beriberi, hypoproteinemia, and Vitamin A deficiencies. Goldblith was able to use iodine from his medical kit to dose the foul water in his canteen in an effort to prevent dysentery.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Federation%20of%20Clinical%20Chemistry%20and%20Laboratory%20Medicine
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The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine or IFCC is a global organization that promotes the fields of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. It was established in 1952 as the International Association of Clinical Biochemists to organize the various national societies of these fields. The organization aims to transcend the boundaries of the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, to build professionalism of members worldwide, to disseminate information on ”best practice” at various levels of technology and of economic development, to provide a forum of standardization and traceability, to enhance the scientific level and the quality of diagnosis and therapy for patients.
The IFCC membership comprises 95 national societies and is associated with 6 regional Federations, 55 corporate members and 21 affiliate members representing more than 45,000 laboratory medicine specialists worldwide.
Structure and organization
The IFCC carries out its objectives through its executive board, divisions, committees and working groups. Representatives from member organizations are volunteers, invited from throughout the world on the basis of their expertise.
Scientific Division (SD)
Its mission is to advance the science of clinical chemistry and to apply it to the practice of Clinical Laboratory medicine
Participate actively in the scientific programs of IFCC scientific meetings and Congresses
Respond to scientific and technical needs of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica%20S.%20Lam
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Monica Sin-Ling Lam is an American computer scientist. She is a professor in the Computer Science Department at Stanford University.
Professional biography
Monica Lam received a B.Sc. from University of British Columbia in 1980 and a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1987.
Lam joined the faculty of Computer Science at Stanford University in 1988. She has contributed to the research of a wide range of computer systems topics including compilers, program analysis, operating systems, security, computer architecture, and high-performance computing. More recently, she is working in natural language processing, and virtual assistants with an emphasis on privacy protection. She is the faculty director of the Open Virtual Assistant Lab, which organized the first workshop for the World Wide Voice Web. The lab developed the open-source Almond voice assistant, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Almond received Popular Science's Best of What's New award in 2019.
Previously, Lam led the SUIF (Stanford University Intermediate Format) Compiler project, which produced a widely used compiler infrastructure known for its locality optimizations and interprocedural parallelization. Many of the compiler techniques she developed have been adopted by industry. Her other research projects included the architecture and compiler for the CMU Warp machine, a systolic array of VLIW processors, and the Stanford DASH distributed shared memory machine. In 1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20wars
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Math wars is the debate over modern mathematics education, textbooks and curricula in the United States that was triggered by the publication in 1989 of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and subsequent development and widespread adoption of a new generation of mathematics curricula inspired by these standards.
While the discussion about math skills has persisted for many decades, the term "math wars" was coined by commentators such as John A. Van de Walle and David Klein. The debate is over traditional mathematics and reform mathematics philosophy and curricula, which differ significantly in approach and content.
Advocates of reform
The largest supporter of reform in the US has been the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
One aspect of the debate is over how explicitly children must be taught skills based on formulas or algorithms (fixed, step-by-step procedures for solving math problems) versus a more inquiry-based approach in which students are exposed to real-world problems that help them develop fluency in number sense, reasoning, and problem-solving skills. In this latter approach, conceptual understanding is a primary goal and algorithmic fluency is expected to follow secondarily. Some parents and other stakeholders blame educators saying that failures occur not because the method is at fault, but because these educational methods require a great deal of expertise and hav
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Franklin%20Bailey
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Benjamin Franklin Bailey (August 7, 1875 – after January 8, 1954) was an American electrical engineer.
A native of Sheridan, Michigan, Benjamin Franklin Bailey studied electrical engineering at the University of Michigan and later held the positions of chief engineer of the Fairbanks Morse Electrical Manufacturing Company and Howell Electrical Motor Company, director of Bailey Electrical Company, and vice-president and director of the Fremont Motor Corporation.
He was the author of several books on electrical engineering, including Principles of Dynamo-electric Machinery (1915).
He became professor of electrical engineering at the University of Michigan in 1913 and was department chairman from 1922 until his retirement in 1944. In the 1920s, he invented the capacitor motor.
External links
University of Michigan—History of EECS
References
American electrical engineers
American science writers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
University of Michigan faculty
People from Montcalm County, Michigan
1875 births
20th-century deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Viklick%C3%BD
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Emil Viklický (born 23 November 1948) is a Czech jazz pianist and composer.
Career
Viklický was born in Olomouc. He graduated from Palacký University in 1971 with a degree in mathematics. As a student, he devoted a lot of time to playing jazz piano, and in 1974, he was awarded the prize for best soloist at the Czechoslovak Amateur Jazz Festival. The same year, he joined Karel Velebný's SHQ ensemble. In 1976, he was a prizewinner at a jazz improvisation competition in Lyon, and his composition "Green Satin" () won first prize in a music conservatory competition in Monaco. In 1985, his composition "Cacharel" won second prize in the same competition.
In 1977, he was awarded a year's scholarship to study composition and arrangement with Herb Pomeroy at Berklee College of Music in Boston. He then continued his composition studies with Jarmo Sermila, George Crumb, and Václav Kučera. Since returning to Prague, he has led his own ensembles (primarily quartets and quintets), composed and arranged, and—after the death of Karel Velebný—worked as director of the Summer Jazz Workshops in Frýdlant. He has lectured at a similar workshop event in Glamorgan, Wales. Between 1991 and 1995, Viklický was President of the Czech Jazz Society, and since 1994, he has worked with the Ad lib Moravia ensemble, whose performances combine elements of Moravian folk music, modern jazz, and contemporary serious music. In 1996, the ensemble went on a concert tour of Mexico and the United States.
As a pian
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20viable%20organism
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Total viable organism (or TVO) is a term used in microbiology to quantify the amount of microorganisms present in a sample. Each sample is usually cultured on a variety of agar plates (petri dishes) often containing different types of selective media. The colony-forming units (CFUs) are calculated after allowing time for growth.
TVO numbers are used to quantify the CFUs for a given amount of sample and often include dilution factors. For example, a 1 mL sample of water containing 10 CFUs on one plate would have a TVO value of 10 cfu/mL.
References
Microbiology terms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel%20modular%20form
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In mathematics, Siegel modular forms are a major type of automorphic form. These generalize conventional elliptic modular forms which are closely related to elliptic curves. The complex manifolds constructed in the theory of Siegel modular forms are Siegel modular varieties, which are basic models for what a moduli space for abelian varieties (with some extra level structure) should be and are constructed as quotients of the Siegel upper half-space rather than the upper half-plane by discrete groups.
Siegel modular forms are holomorphic functions on the set of symmetric n × n matrices with positive definite imaginary part; the forms must satisfy an automorphy condition. Siegel modular forms can be thought of as multivariable modular forms, i.e. as special functions of several complex variables.
Siegel modular forms were first investigated by for the purpose of studying quadratic forms analytically. These primarily arise in various branches of number theory, such as arithmetic geometry and elliptic cohomology. Siegel modular forms have also been used in some areas of physics, such as conformal field theory and black hole thermodynamics in string theory.
Definition
Preliminaries
Let and define
the Siegel upper half-space. Define the symplectic group of level , denoted by as
where is the identity matrix. Finally, let
be a rational representation, where is a finite-dimensional complex vector space.
Siegel modular form
Given
and
define the notatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Gran%20Colombia%20University
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La Gran Colombia University is a private university located in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. It was founded on May 24, 1951, by Julio César García Valencia, recognized Colombian historian of the Twentieth century.
Faculties
Accountancy
Architecture
Business administration
Civil engineering
Systems engineering
Agroindustry engineering
Economics
Education sciences
Law
Institutes
Ethics Center
Innovation Center
Julio César García Lyceum
Languages Center
See also
Great Colombia
External links
La Gran Colombia University Official Web Site
La Gran Colombia University Official Web Site ARMENIA
La Gran Colombia University
Universities and colleges established in 1951
La Gran Colombia University
1951 establishments in Colombia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise%20Leveille
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Lise Annique Leveille (born April 14, 1982, in Burnaby, British Columbia) is a French Canadian gymnast who represented Canada at the 2000 Olympic Games.
After graduating from Handsworth Secondary School in North Vancouver, she became part of gymnastics team of Stanford University, where she received her BSc degree in Biomechanical engineering and Human biology. She subsequently obtained her MD degree from Queen's University at Kingston. She furthermore has an MHSc degree and an PhD degree in Neuroscience from the University of British Columbia (UBC). In 2014, she completed her residency in orthopaedic surgery at UBC and became a Fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons of Canada (FRCSC). In August 2014 started a fellowship in pediatric orthopaedic surgery at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in Dallas, Texas. Since 2015, she is a staff pediatric orthopaedic surgeon at British Columbia Children's Hospital, specializing in knee and athletic injuries. Since 2020, Leveille is appointment as Undergraduate Medical Education Director for Orthopaedics of the University of British Columbia.
References
External links
sports-reference
1982 births
Canadian female artistic gymnasts
Franco-Columbian people
Gymnasts at the 1999 Pan American Games
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Living people
Sportspeople from Burnaby
Stanford Cardinal women's gymnasts
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics
Commonwealth Games bronze medall
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Wolfskehl
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Paul Friedrich Wolfskehl (30 June 1856 in Darmstadt – 13 September 1906 in Darmstadt), was a physician with an interest in mathematics. He bequeathed 100,000 marks (equivalent to 1,000,000 pounds in 1997 money) to the first person to prove Fermat's Last Theorem.
He was the younger of two sons of a banker, Joseph Carl Theodor Wolfskehl. His elder brother, the jurist Wilhelm Otto Wolfskehl, took over the family bank after the death of his father. From 1875 to 1880 Paul Wolfskehl studied medicine at the Universities of Leipzig, Tübingen and Heidelberg. In 1880 he received his doctorate from the Heidelberg University. At about this time, he began to suffer from multiple sclerosis, which eventually forced him to pursue another career. From 1880 to 1883 he studied mathematics at the universities of Bonn and Bern. In 1887 he habilitated at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt and became a Privatdozent for mathematics at the university.
There are a number of theories concerning the prize's origin. The most romantic is that he was spurned by a young lady and decided to commit suicide, but was distracted by what he thought was an error in a paper by Ernst Kummer, who had detected a flaw in Augustin Cauchy's attempted proof of Fermat's famous problem. This rekindled his will to live and, in gratitude, he established the prize. This story was traced by Philip Davis and William Chinn in their 1969 book 3.1416 and All That to renowned mathematician Alexander Ostrowski, who supposedly hea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innogenetics
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Innogenetics N.V. (now Fujirebio Europe N.V.) was an international in vitro diagnostics (IVD) company, with headquarters in Ghent, Belgium. Founded in 1985, the company developed and marketed IVD testing solutions as well as OEM raw materials. The company was acquired in September 2010 by Japanese Fujirebio Inc., an H.U. Group Holdings, Inc company, and changed name to Fujirebio Europe on October 1, 2013. The current CEO of Fujirebio Europe N.V. is Christiaan De Wilde.
History
Innogenetics was founded on 18 July 1985, by Erik Tambuyzer, Hugo Van Heuverswyn and Rudi Mariën. In 1992, the company launched the first commercial tests for cystic fibrosis in Europe (INNO-LiPA CFTR) and in 1993 the first commercial test for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping worldwide (INNO-LiPA HCV). In 1995, the first commercial Alzheimer's disease research test for hTau was launched (INNOTEST hTau Ag). In 1998, the company launched the first commercial Alzheimer's disease research test for β-Amyloid and in 2002 the first commercial test for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping (INNO-LiPA HBV Genotyping).
The company was one of the first biotech companies to be listed on a European stock exchange, in 1996 it was the first biotech company listed on EASDAQ, now NASDAQ Europe. Until 2008 Innogenetics had its shares traded on Euronext Brussels.
Innogenetics N.V. was acquired by Fujirebio in 2010 and changed name to Fujirebio Europe N.V. on October 1, 2013.
External links
Fujirebio website in English
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus%E2%80%93Yamabe%20conjecture
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In mathematics, the Markus–Yamabe conjecture is a conjecture on global asymptotic stability. If the Jacobian matrix of a dynamical system at a fixed point is Hurwitz, then the fixed point is asymptotically stable. Markus-Yamabe conjecture asks if a similar result holds globally. Precisely, the conjecture states that if a continuously differentiable map on an -dimensional real vector space has a fixed point, and its Jacobian matrix is everywhere Hurwitz, then the fixed point is globally stable.
The conjecture is true for the two-dimensional case. However, counterexamples have been constructed in higher dimensions. Hence, in the two-dimensional case only, it can also be referred to as the Markus–Yamabe theorem.
Related mathematical results concerning global asymptotic stability, which are applicable in dimensions higher than two, include various autonomous convergence theorems. Analog of the conjecture for nonlinear control system with scalar nonlinearity is known as Kalman's conjecture.
Mathematical statement of conjecture
Let be a map with and Jacobian which is Hurwitz stable for every .
Then is a global attractor of the dynamical system .
The conjecture is true for and false in general for .
References
Disproved conjectures
Stability theory
Fixed points (mathematics)
Theorems in dynamical systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-product
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Anti-product may refer to:
Chemistry
Anti-product, an anti-isomer or anti addition
Music
Anti-product, a hardcore punk band fronted by vocalist Taina Asili
Anti-Product, a song on the album The New Black by Strapping Young Lad
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoli%20Bugorski
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Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski (; born 25 June 1942) is a Russian retired particle physicist. He is known for surviving a radiation accident in 1978, when a high-energy proton beam from a particle accelerator passed through his brain.
Accident
As a researcher at the Institute for High Energy Physics in Protvino, Russian SSR, Anatoli Bugorski worked with the largest particle accelerator in the Soviet Union, the U-70 synchrotron. On 13 July 1978, Bugorski was checking a malfunctioning piece of equipment when the safety mechanisms failed. Bugorski was leaning over the equipment when he stuck his head in the path of the 76 GeV proton beam. Reportedly, he saw a flash "brighter than a thousand suns" but did not feel any pain. The beam passed through the back of his head, the occipital and temporal lobes of his brain, the left middle ear, and out through the left hand side of his nose. The exposed parts of his head received a local dose of 200,000 to 300,000 roentgens (2,000 to 3,000 Sieverts). Bugorski understood the severity of what had happened, but continued working on the malfunctioning equipment, and initially opted not to tell anyone what had happened.
Aftermath
The left half of Bugorski's face swelled up beyond recognition and, over the next several days, the skin started to peel, revealing the path that the proton beam had burned through parts of his face, his bone, and the brain tissue underneath. As it was believed that he had received far in excess of a fatal dose of rad
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristram%20Jones-Parry
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Tristram Jones-Parry (born 23 July 1947) is a British teacher of mathematics. He was headmaster of Emanuel School (1994–1998) and Westminster School (1998–2005), two independent schools in the UK, and is currently a governor at Hampton Court House School. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford.
Biography
Upon his departure from Westminster, Jones-Parry received a great amount of attachment and approval from staff and pupils. He was depicted as "an excellent leader and educator, who devoted his time entirely for the sake of education rather than to building excessive relationship with external high-society figures, who bears a warm heart under a stern appearance, who will always be remembered for picking up rubbish from the Little Dean's Yard ground." There was rumour that he was in argument with the school council over issues concerning the allocation of funds gathered from benefactors. The council thought the fund should be used for improving school facilities while he was of the opinion that the money should be provided to smart students unable to afford fees.
He became involved in media and political controversy in 2004, when on retiring from independent schools at the age of 58, after 30 years' teaching experience, applied to teach in a state school in order to "give a bit back", but was rejected by the General Teaching Council on the basis that he had not completed the PGCE teacher training course which is obligatory for teachers in the state
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLafferty%20rearrangement
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The McLafferty rearrangement is a reaction observed in mass spectrometry during the fragmentation or dissociation of organic molecules. It is sometimes found that a molecule containing a keto-group undergoes β-cleavage, with the gain of the γ-hydrogen atom, as first reported by Anthony Nicholson working in the Division of Chemical Physics at the CSIRO in Australia. This rearrangement may take place by a radical or ionic mechanism.
The reaction
A description of the reaction was later published by the American chemist Fred McLafferty in 1959 leading to his name being associated with the process.
See also
The Type II Norrish reaction is the equivalent photochemical process
α-cleavage
References
Further reading
External links
Fred McLafferty Faculty Webpage at Cornell University
Tandem mass spectrometry
Rearrangement reactions
Name reactions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACC0
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:ACC0}}
ACC0, sometimes called ACC, is a class of computational models and problems defined in circuit complexity, a field of theoretical computer science. The class is defined by augmenting the class AC0 of constant-depth "alternating circuits" with the ability to count; the acronym ACC stands for "AC with counters". Specifically, a problem belongs to ACC0 if it can be solved by polynomial-size, constant-depth circuits of unbounded fan-in gates, including gates that count modulo a fixed integer. ACC0 corresponds to computation in any solvable monoid. The class is very well studied in theoretical computer science because of the algebraic connections and because it is one of the largest concrete computational models for which computational impossibility results, so-called circuit lower bounds, can be proved.
Definitions
Informally, ACC0 models the class of computations realised by Boolean circuits of constant depth and polynomial size, where the circuit gates includes "modular counting gates" that compute the number of true inputs modulo some fixed constant.
More formally, a language belongs to AC0[m] if it can be computed by a family of circuits C1, C2, ..., where Cn takes n inputs, the depth of every circuit is constant, the size of Cn is a polynomial function of n, and the circuit uses the following gates: AND gates and OR gates of unbounded fan-in, computing the conjunction and disjunction of their inputs; NOT gates computing the negation of their single i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemian%20Society%20of%20Sciences
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Bohemian Society of Sciences was the first official scientific organization within Bohemia.
History
The Bohemian Society of Sciences was created from the Private Society for Mathematics, Patriotic History and Natural History, the first scientific society within the frontiers of the later Czechoslovakia. This organization was founded in 1772 and published six volumes of its proceedings before becoming the Bohemian Society of Sciences, and then later becoming the Royal Bohemian Scientific Society in 1784. Its members included Masons and Illuminatis, and the Royal Bohemian Scientific Society it later established some ties with the Private Scientific and Patriotic Society of Moravia.
In the early 18th century, the institution began to become, partially due to its usage of both Czech and German languages, which caused it to lose some of the more radical Czech scientists while the creation of the Vienna Academy caused the loss of some of the German-speaking scientists. By 1847, members of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences moved to the Vienna Academy, however, some of the members moved to other academies. Members moving to academies other than the Vienna Academy included: Palacký, Šafařík, Zippe, Presl and Purkyně.
After 1847 the sciences have continued to play a role in the Czech state, continuing through the creation of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts, which was created in 1890 through a decree issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which existed among many other instituti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Physics%20of%20Star%20Trek
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The Physics of Star Trek is a 1995 non-fiction book by the theoretical physicist Lawrence M. Krauss. It is the third book by Krauss, who later wrote a follow-up titled Beyond Star Trek in 1997.
Overview
Krauss discusses the physics involved in various concepts and objects described in the Star Trek universe. He investigates the possibility of such things as inertial dampers and warp drive, and whether physics as we know it would allow such inventions. He also discusses time travel, light speed, pure energy beings, wormholes, teleportation, and other concepts that are staples of the Star Trek universe. The book includes a foreword by cosmologist Stephen Hawking.
The Physics of Star Trek was met with generally positive reviews. It became a national bestseller and sold more than 200,000 copies in the United States. As of 1998, it was being translated into 13 different languages. It was also the basis of a BBC television production.
Krauss got the idea for writing the book from his publisher, who initially suggested it as a joke. Krauss dismissed the idea but later thought that using Star Trek might get people interested in real physics.
The hardcover edition was published in November 1995, and a paperback edition followed in September 1996. The book was revised and updated by Krauss in 2007. Krauss's next book, Beyond Star Trek: Physics from Alien Invasions to the End of Time, was published in 1997.
Critical reviews
Tim Radford of The Guardian commented: "What makes Kraus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborat%C3%B3rio%20Nacional%20de%20Engenharia%20Civil
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The Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, (LNEC) is a public institution of scientific and technological research and development in Portugal and is a civil engineering laboratory.
LNEC acts in the different fields of civil engineering under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Economy, in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Science regarding the definition of its strategic guidelines, as stipulated by its Organic Law, Decree Law 157/2012, of July 18.
History
LNEC was created on November 19, 1946, from the Laboratory for Materials Testing and Study of the Ministry of Public Works and the Center for Civil Engineering Studies, based at the Instituto Superior Técnico. This double-strand, research and experimentation, would decisively shape the future development of LNEC.
On June 20, 1987, LNEC was made Honorary Member of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword and on November 19, 1987, was made Honorary Member of the Military Order of Christ.
LNEC carries out research activities in the fields as follows: public works, housing, town planning, environment, water resources, estuaries, coastal areas, transportation and communication networks, materials industry, building components and other products. The main purpose of these activities is to contribute to:
the quality and safety of works;
the protection and rehabilitation of the natural and built patrimony;
the technological modernisation and innovation in the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto%20Nacional%20dos%20Recursos%20Biol%C3%B3gicos
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Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos (INRB) is the Portuguese state-run institute for research on biological resources. It develops research in agricultural fields, veterinary, animal growth, marine biology and fishing. It provides scientific and technical support to its related sectors of activity.
History
The National Agronomy and Fishing Investigation Institute (native official name: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e das Pescas) was its previous incarnation. In 2006, a decree (Decreto-Lei n.º 209/2006) created the Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos from the remains of the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária (agricultural research), Instituto de Investigação das Pescas e do Mar (fishing and marine resources research) and the Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária (veterinary research).
External links
Official site
Research institutes in Portugal
Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes
Agricultural research institutes
Agricultural organisations based in Portugal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20S.%20Valk
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Henry S. Valk (born 1929) is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Valk attended George Washington University where he received his B.S. in physics in 1953 and M.S. in mathematics in 1954. He then earned his Ph.D. at Washington University in St. Louis in 1957. Before joining the faculty at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Valk was a professor of physics at the University of Nebraska.
While at Georgia Tech, Valk became Dean of the College of Science and Liberal Studies, which has since split into the College of Sciences, the College of Computing, and the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts.
Books
H. Valk, and M. Alonso, "Quantum Mechanics" Krieger Publishing Company, Melbourne 1986
References
External links
School of Physics profile
1929 births
Living people
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Washington University physicists
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Georgia Tech faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested%20quotation
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A nested quotation is a quotation that is encapsulated inside another quotation, forming a hierarchy with multiple levels. When focusing on a certain quotation, one must interpret it within its scope. Nested quotation can be used in literature (as in nested narration), speech, and computer science (as in "meta"-statements that refer to other statements as strings). Nested quotation can be very confusing until evaluated carefully and until each quotation level is put into perspective.
In literature
In languages that allow for nested quotes and use quotation mark punctuation to indicate direct speech, hierarchical quotation sublevels are usually punctuated by alternating between primary quotation marks and secondary quotation marks. For a comprehensive analysis of the major quotation mark systems employed in major writing systems, see Quotation mark.
In JavaScript programming
Nested quotes often become an issue using the eval keyword. The eval function is a function that converts and interprets a string as actual JavaScript code, and runs that code. If that string is specified as a literal, then the code must be written as a quote itself (and escaped accordingly).
For example:
eval("var a=3; alert();");
This code declares a variable a, which is assigned the value 3, and a blank alert window is popped up to the user.
Nested strings (level 2)
Suppose we had to make a quote inside the quoted interpreted code. In JavaScript, you can only have one unescaped quote subleve
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levitation
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Levitation, Levitate, or Levitating may refer to:
Concepts
Levitation (physics), the process by which an object is suspended against gravity, in a stable position without solid physical contact
Levitation (paranormal), the claimed paranormal phenomenon of levitation, occurring without any scientific explanation
Levitation (illusion), an illusion where a magician levitates somebody or something
Levitation of saints, a mystical phenomenon attributed to some saints
Game
Party levitation, aka "Light as a feather, stiff as a board"
Film
Levitation (film), a 1997 Scott D. Goldstein film
Music
Levitation (band), an English psychedelic band, 1990–1994
Levitation (festival), an annual psychedelic music festival founded in 2008
Albums
Levitation (Hawkwind album)
Levitation (Flamingods album)
Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album)
Levitate (The Fall album)
Songs
"Levitating" (song), by Dua Lipa
"Levitate" (Hadouken! song)
"Levitate" (Hollywood Undead song)
"Levitation", song by Beach House from Depression Cherry
"Levitation", song by Circa Zero from Circus Hero
"The Levitated", song by Scale the Summit from The Collective
"Levitate", song by Imagine Dragons from the film Passengers
"Levitate", song by Imelda May from Life Love Flesh Blood
"Levitate", song by Opshop from You Are Here
"Levitate" (Twenty One Pilots song)
"untitled 07 levitate", song by Kendrick Lamar
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica%20Scripta
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Physica Scripta is an international scientific journal for experimental and theoretical physics. It was established in 1970 as the successor of Arkiv för Fysik and published by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (KVA). Since 2006, it has been published by IOP Publishing with the endorsement of the KVA. The journal covers both experimental and theoretical physics, with an accent on atomic, molecular and optical physics, plasma physics, condensed matter physics and mathematical physics.
Abstracting, indexing, and impact factor
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.081.
It is indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
Chemical Abstracts
Compendex
GeoRef
Inspec
Scopus
Zentralblatt MATH
References
External links
Physics journals
IOP Publishing academic journals
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Academic journals established in 1970
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