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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20chemistry
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Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, milk as examples. It is similar to biochemistry in its main components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, but it also includes areas such as water, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, food additives, flavors, and colors. This discipline also encompasses how products change under certain food processing techniques and ways either to enhance or to prevent them from happening. An example of enhancing a process would be to encourage fermentation of dairy products with microorganisms that convert lactose to lactic acid; an example of preventing a process would be stopping the browning on the surface of freshly cut apples using lemon juice or other acidulated water.
History of food chemistry
The scientific approach to food and nutrition arose with attention to agricultural chemistry in the works of J. G. Wallerius, Humphry Davy, and others. For example, Davy published Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, in a Course of Lectures for the Board of Agriculture (1813) in the United Kingdom which would serve as a foundation for the profession worldwide, going into a fifth edition. Earlier work included that by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who isolated malic acid from apples in 1785.
Some of the findings of Liebig on food chemistry were translated and published by Eben Horsford in Lowell Massa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum%20RC
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Spektrum is a brand of radio control systems designed for use with hobby radio-controlled cars and aircraft. Spektrum is a division of Horizon Hobby.
The R/C hobby in the United States, Japan, and Europe typically used to employ FM radio control in HF and VHF bands such as 27 MHz, 35 MHz, 49 MHz, and 72 MHz. Most manufacturers of radio gear (all non-toy manufacturers) now use the 2.4 GHz band for their transmitters and receivers. Spektrum systems are distinguished in that they use direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology on the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Spektrum refers to their technology as "Digital Spectrum Modulation." Each transmitter has a globally unique identifier (GUID), to which receivers can be bound, ensuring that no transmitter will interfere with other nearby Spektrum DSMx systems. The Spektrum system is also one of the manufacturers which offers "Model Match" in which the receiver in a particular model can be bound to one and only one transmitter model definition. This prevents a user from flying their RC helicopter while the transmitter is still programmed for their RC airplane.
Spektrum is the original application of 2.4 GHz spread spectrum radio systems to radio control models. It was originally developed by Paul Beard.
Spektrum broke the run of twelve consecutive Readers' Choice Award by Radio Control Car Action for Best Transmitter achieved by one of its rivals, Airtronics with the DX4R in 2008 and has maintained its consecutive run since.
Bind-N-Fly i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Edlund
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Erik Edlund (14 March 1819 in Närke Province – 19 August 1888 in Stockholm) was a Swedish physicist. His scientific research was confined chiefly to the theory of electricity. He helped secure the introduction of weather stations to Sweden.
Biography
He obtained his Ph.D. in physics in 1845 at Uppsala University under Svanberg. Edlund then worked under Weber in Leipzig for two years after obtaining his Ph.D.
Edlund was employed as a professor of physics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1850, and became a member of the academy in 1851. In 1858, he became a member of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, and also of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture; the latter academy made him an honorary member in 1878.
In 1858, Edlund was instrumental in securing the introduction of meteorological stations in Sweden. He conducted these observatories until 1873, when a central meteorological station was erected. The meteorological observations made by Edlund from 1858 to 1873 were published in 14 volumes by the Academy of Sciences.
Edlund is notable as the doctoral advisor of Svante Arrhenius.
In 1872, he was elected to the lower house of the Parliament of Sweden.
Research
Edlund investigated fluid motion, polarization of light during a total eclipse, and thermal phenomena accompanying changes in volume of solids. He studied electricity, describing a method of simultaneously transmitting messages in opposite directions along the same telegraph wire. He investigated
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosulfate
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In organosulfur chemistry, organosulfates are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the structure . The core is a sulfate group and the R group is any organic residue. All organosulfates are formally esters derived from alcohols and sulfuric acid () although many are not prepared in this way. Many sulfate esters are used in detergents, and some are useful reagents. Alkyl sulfates consist of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain, a polar sulfate group (containing an anion) and either a cation or amine to neutralize the sulfate group. Examples include: sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sulfuric acid mono dodecyl ester sodium salt) and related potassium and ammonium salts.
Applications
Alkyl sulfates are commonly used as an anionic surfactant in liquid soaps and detergents used to clean wool, as surface cleaners, and as active ingredients in laundry detergents, shampoos and conditioners. They can also be found in household products such as toothpaste, antacids, cosmetics and foods. Generally they are found in consumer products at concentrations ranging from 3-20%. In 2003 approximately 118,000 t/a of alkyl sulfates were used in the US
Synthetic organosulfates
A common example is sodium lauryl sulfate, with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na. Also common in consumer products are the sulfate esters of ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as those derived from lauryl alcohol. An example is sodium laureth sulfate, an ingredient in some cosmetics.
Alkylsulfat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auramine%20phenol%20stain
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Auramine phenol stain is a stain used in clinical microbiology and histology to identify tuberculosis mycobacteria.
There are two types of auramine phenol stains, 1 and 2 to stain mycobacterium species and cryptosporidium respectively. Both are fluorescent stains. The bacteria or the parasites appear brilliant greenish yellow against dark background.
Mycolic acids of the mycobacteria keep this stain when decolorising with the acid alcohol. The method is more rapid and sensitive than ZN technique.
Method
Smears are prepared just like that for ZN staining
Stain with Auramine-Phenol for 20 mins
Rinse with water
Decolourise in acid alcohol
Rinse with water
Counterstain with 0.1% potassium permanganate for 30 seconds
Rinse and air dry
References
Staining
Tuberculosis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Robotics%20Developer%20Studio
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Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (Microsoft RDS, MRDS) is a discontinued Windows-based environment for robot control and simulation that was aimed at academic, hobbyist, and commercial developers and handled a wide variety of robot hardware. It requires a Microsoft Windows 7 operating system or later.
RDS is based on Concurrency and Coordination Runtime (CCR): a .NET Framework-based concurrent library implementation for managing asynchronous parallel tasks. This technique involves using message-passing and a lightweight services-oriented runtime, Decentralized Software Services (DSS), which allows orchestrating multiple services to achieve complex behaviors.
Features include: a visual programming tool, Microsoft Visual Programming Language (VPL) to create and debug robot applications, web-based and windows-based interfaces, 3D simulation (including hardware acceleration), easy access to a robot's sensors and actuators. The primary programming language is C#.
Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio includes support for packages to add other services to the suite. Those currently available include Soccer Simulation and Sumo Competition by Microsoft, and a community-developed Maze Simulator, a program to create worlds with walls that can be explored by a virtual robot, and a set of services for OpenCV.
Components
RDS has four main components:
Concurrency and Coordination Runtime (CCR)
Decentralized Software Services (DSS)
Visual Programming Language (VPL)
Visual Simulati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Muggleton
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Stephen H. Muggleton FBCS, FIET, FAAAI, FECCAI, FSB, FREng (born 6 December 1959, son of Louis Muggleton) is Professor of Machine Learning and Head of the Computational Bioinformatics Laboratory at Imperial College London.
Education
Muggleton received his Bachelor of Science degree in computer science (1982) and Doctor of Philosophy in artificial intelligence (1986) supervised by Donald Michie at the University of Edinburgh.
Career
Following his PhD, Muggleton went on to work as a postdoctoral research associate at the Turing Institute in Glasgow (1987–1991) and later an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellow at Oxford University Computing Laboratory (OUCL) (1992–1997) where he founded the Machine Learning Group. In 1997 he moved to the University of York and in 2001 to Imperial College London.
Research
Muggleton's research interests are primarily in Artificial intelligence. From 1997 to 2001 he held the Chair of Machine Learning at the University of York and from 2001 to 2006 the EPSRC Chair of Computational Bioinformatics at Imperial College in London. Since 2013 he holds the Syngenta/Royal Academy of Engineering Research Chair as well as the post of Director of Modelling for the Imperial College Centre for Integrated Systems Biology. He is known for founding the field of Inductive logic programming. In this field he has made contributions to theory introducing predicate invention, inverse entailment and stochastic logic programs. He has also played a role in systems development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Barrell%20Emerson
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George Barrell Emerson (September 12, 1797 – March 14, 1881) was an American educator and pioneer of women's education.
Biography
He was born in Kennebunk, Maine. He graduated from Harvard College in 1817, and soon after took charge of an academy in Lancaster, Massachusetts. Between 1819 and 1821, he was the tutor in mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard, and in 1821 was chosen principal of The English High School for Boys in Boston. In 1823 he opened the Emerson School for Girls in the same city, which he conducted until 1855, when he retired from professional life. He was for many years president of the Boston Society of Natural History, and was appointed by Governor Everett chairman of the commissioners for the zoological and botanical survey of Massachusetts. He died in Newton, Massachusetts.
Family
He was a cousin of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Legacy
Emerson Preparatory School in Washington, D.C. was named in his honor.
Further reading
Works by Emerson
An address, delivered at the opening of the Boston Mechanics' Institution, February 7, 1827.
The school and the schoolmaster. Part I by Alonzo Potter; Part II. by George Emerson. Boston: W.B. Fowle & N. Capen, 1843.
Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts (Boston, 1846)
Manual of Agriculture (with C. Flint; 1861)
“Education in Massachusetts: early legislation and history,” a lecture of a course by members of the Massachusetts Historical Society, delivered before the Lo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jones%20%28mathematician%29
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Thomas Jones (23 June 1756 – 18 July 1807) was Head Tutor at Trinity College, Cambridge, for twenty years and an outstanding teacher of mathematics. He is notable as a mentor of Adam Sedgwick.
Biography
Jones was born at Berriew, Montgomeryshire, in Wales.
On completing his studies at Shrewsbury School, Jones was admitted to St John's College, Cambridge, on 28 May 1774, as a 'pensioner' (i.e. a fee-paying student, as opposed to a scholar or sizar). He was believed to be an illegitimate son of Mr Owen Owen, of Tyncoed, and his housekeeper, who afterwards married a Mr Jones, of Traffin, County Kerry, Thomas then being brought up as his son.
On 27 June 1776, Jones migrated from St John's College to Trinity College. He became a scholar in 1777 and obtained his BA in 1779, winning the First Smith's Prize and becoming Senior Wrangler. In 1782, he obtained his MA and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1781. He became a Junior Dean, 1787–1789 and a Tutor, 1787–1807. He was ordained a deacon at the Peterborough parish on 18 June 1780. Then he was ordained priest, at the Ely parish on 6 June 1784, canon of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire, in 1784, and then canon of Swaffham Prior, also 1784. On 11 December 1791, he preached before the university, at Great St Mary's, a sermon against duelling (from Exodus XX. 13), which was prompted by a duel that had lately taken place near Newmarket between Henry Applewhaite and Richard Ryecroft, undergraduates of Pembroke, in which the latter was fa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child%20%28disambiguation%29
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A child is a young person who is not yet an adult.
Child may also refer to:
In computer science
The child node of a tree
The child process created by another process
In medicine and healthcare
CHILD syndrome (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects), a genetic syndrome
Children's Healthcare is a Legal Duty (CHILD), an American lobby group that opposes religious exemption laws
Music
Child (band), a popular British pop act of the late 1970s
Lupe Fiasco, "The Child" of the hip hop supergroup Child Rebel Soldier
"Child" (Mark Owen song)
"Child" (Mark song)
"Child", by Arca from Arca
"Child", by Freddie Aguilar, an English version of "Anak"
"Child", by Nidji from Breakthru'
Other uses
Child (surname)
Child archetype, a Jungian psychology archetype
Child baronets, four titles, two in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Child (magazine), an American parenting magazine published from 1986 to 2007
Child & Co., a formerly independent private bank now owned by The Royal Bank of Scotland
Child (hieroglyph), an ancient Egyptian hieroglyph
Childs Hill, Greater London, named after Richard le Child
See also
Chiiild, Canadian band
The Child (disambiguation)
Child Ballads, a collection of traditional folk tunes
Children (disambiguation)
Childs (disambiguation)
Kids (disambiguation)
Childe, a nobleman's son who had not yet attained knighthood
L'Enfant (disambiguation) (French for "the child")
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%20matrix
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In mathematics, a Cauchy matrix, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is an m×n matrix with elements aij in the form
where and are elements of a field , and and are injective sequences (they contain distinct elements).
The Hilbert matrix is a special case of the Cauchy matrix, where
Every submatrix of a Cauchy matrix is itself a Cauchy matrix.
Cauchy determinants
The determinant of a Cauchy matrix is clearly a rational fraction in the parameters and . If the sequences were not injective, the determinant would vanish, and tends to infinity if some tends to . A subset of its zeros and poles are thus known. The fact is that there are no more zeros and poles:
The determinant of a square Cauchy matrix A is known as a Cauchy determinant and can be given explicitly as
(Schechter 1959, eqn 4; Cauchy 1841, p. 154, eqn. 10).
It is always nonzero, and thus all square Cauchy matrices are invertible. The inverse A−1 = B = [bij] is given by
(Schechter 1959, Theorem 1)
where Ai(x) and Bi(x) are the Lagrange polynomials for and , respectively. That is,
with
Generalization
A matrix C is called Cauchy-like if it is of the form
Defining X=diag(xi), Y=diag(yi), one sees that both Cauchy and Cauchy-like matrices satisfy the displacement equation
(with for the Cauchy one). Hence Cauchy-like matrices have a common displacement structure, which can be exploited while working with the matrix. For example, there are known algorithms in literature for
approximate Cauchy mat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siavash%20Shahshahani
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Siavash Mirshams Shahshahani (Persian: سیاوش میرشمس شهشهانی) (born 1942) is an Iranian mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics and head of Mathematical Sciences Department at Sharif University of Technology. He headed up the IRNIC registry for the .ir ccTLD until his retirement from that position in late 2008. He has also served as a director of APTLD (the Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association) between 2007 and his retirement from that position in February 2009.
Education
Shahshahani completed his PhD under the supervision of Stephen Smale at the University of California at Berkeley in 1969. He has since devoted a substantial part of his career to mathematical education.
Books
External links
Siavash Shahshahani Homepage at Mathematics Department of Sharif University of Technology
Siavash Shahshahani at ICANNWiki
APTLD homepage
21st-century Iranian mathematicians
Academic staff of Sharif University of Technology
University of California, Berkeley alumni
1942 births
Living people
Iranian Science and Culture Hall of Fame recipients in Mathematics and Physics
20th-century Iranian mathematicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aird%20baronets
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The Aird Baronetcy, of Hyde Park Terrace in Paddington in the County of London, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 5 March 1901 for the civil engineering contractor and Conservative politician John Aird.
The present Baronet is a co-heir to the barony of Willoughby de Eresby
Aird baronets, of Hyde Park Terrace (1901)
Sir John Aird, 1st Baronet (1833–1911)
Sir John Aird, 2nd Baronet (1861–1934)
Sir John Renton Aird, 3rd Baronet (1898–1973)
Sir (George) John Aird, 4th Baronet (1940–2023)
Sir James John Aird, 5th Baronet (born 1978)
The heir apparent is the present baronet's elder son Roman Jack Aird (born 2011)
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
Baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1901 establishments in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Knowles%20%28chemist%29
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Dr. Tony Knowles was the President of the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT). A chemist by training, Knowles has been awarded the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal.
Knowles has a BSc and PhD in physical chemistry from the University of Waterloo. Following a variety of private sector and academic posts he was appointed President of BCIT in 2000 and stepped down in May 2007.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
Canadian chemists
Canadian university and college chief executives
Academic staff of the British Columbia Institute of Technology
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20B.%20Kantor
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Paul B. Kantor is an American information scientist. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Information Science at Rutgers University in New Jersey, and an Honorary Research Associate in Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Biography
Mr. Kantor was educated in Physics and Mathematics at Columbia University, where he took courses taught by Samuel Eilenberg, Tsung-Dao Lee, Jack Steinberger, Charles Townes, Polykarp Kusch and Melvin Schwartz. He earned a Ph.D. degree in theoretical physics at Princeton University, working with Sam Treiman. He has been a Fulbright Fellow, has received the ASIST Research award, and is a Fellow of the AAAS.
His research centers on the role of information systems for storage and retrieval in a wide range of applications, with particular emphasis on rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of such systems. Since the 9/11 attacks he has worked in several areas related to Homeland and National Security, dealing with optimal detection of threats and allocation of resources. While this research continues, he is currently investigating the relationships between human and machine learning, as a collaborator in several projects.
At Rutgers he was a member of the Department of Library and Information Science, the Center for Operations Research RUTCOR, the Center for Discrete Mathematics and Computer Sciences DIMACS, served as Research Director for the CCICADA DHS Center, and a member the Graduate Faculty of the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-coupling
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In nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, J-couplings (also called spin-spin coupling or indirect dipole–dipole coupling) are mediated through chemical bonds connecting two spins. It is an indirect interaction between two nuclear spins that arises from hyperfine interactions between the nuclei and local electrons. In NMR spectroscopy, J-coupling contains information about relative bond distances and angles. Most importantly, J-coupling provides information on the connectivity of chemical bonds. It is responsible for the often complex splitting of resonance lines in the NMR spectra of fairly simple molecules.
J-coupling is a frequency difference that is not affected by the strength of the magnetic field, so is always stated in Hz.
Vector model and manifestations for chemical structure assignments
The origin of J-coupling can be visualized by a vector model for a simple molecule such as hydrogen fluoride (HF). In HF, the two nuclei have spin . Four states are possible, depending on the relative alignment of the H and F nuclear spins with the external magnetic field. The selection rules of NMR spectroscopy dictate that ΔI = 1, which means that a given photon (in the radio frequency range) can affect ("flip") only one of the two nuclear spins.
J-coupling provides three parameters: the multiplicity (the "number of lines"), the magnitude of the coupling (strong, medium, weak), and the sign of the coupling.
Multiplicity
The multiplicity provides information on the number of ce
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20matrix
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In mathematics (particularly linear algebra), a shear matrix or transvection is an elementary matrix that represents the addition of a multiple of one row or column to another. Such a matrix may be derived by taking the identity matrix and replacing one of the zero elements with a non-zero value.
The name shear reflects the fact that the matrix represents a shear transformation. Geometrically, such a transformation takes pairs of points in a vector space that are purely axially separated along the axis whose row in the matrix contains the shear element, and effectively replaces those pairs by pairs whose separation is no longer purely axial but has two vector components. Thus, the shear axis is always an eigenvector of .
Definition
A typical shear matrix is of the form
This matrix shears parallel to the axis in the direction of the fourth dimension of the underlying vector space.
A shear parallel to the axis results in and . In matrix form:
Similarly, a shear parallel to the axis has and . In matrix form:
In 3D space this matrix shear the YZ plane into the diagonal plane passing through these 3 points:
The determinant will always be 1, as no matter where the shear element is placed, it will be a member of a skew-diagonal that also contains zero elements (as all skew-diagonals have length at least two) hence its product will remain zero and will not contribute to the determinant. Thus every shear matrix has an inverse, and the inverse is simply a shear matrix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay%20Davies
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Dame Kay Elizabeth Davies (née Partridge; born 1 April 1951) is a British geneticist. She is Dr Lee's Professor of Anatomy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford. She is director of the Medical Research Council (MRC) functional genetics unit, a governor of the Wellcome Trust, a director of the Oxford Centre for Gene Function, and a patron and Senior Member of Oxford University Scientific Society. Her research group has an international reputation for work on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In the 1980s, she developed a test which allowed for the screening of foetuses whose mothers have a high risk of carrying DMD.
Early life and education
Davies was born in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, (now West Midlands). She was educated at the Gig Mill School, Stourbridge County High School for Girls, Somerville College, Oxford, and Wolfson College, Oxford.
She was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1976 for research on the structure and function of chromatin from the slime mould Physarum polycephalum.
Career and research
Davies' research group has an international reputation for work on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In the 1980s, she developed a test which allowed for the screening of foetuses whose mothers have a high risk of carrying DMD. DMD occurs when the dystrophin protein fails to express in muscle cells due to a mutation in the gene which codes for the protein. In 1989 Davies discovered that the utrophin protein has similar propertie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemist%20%28disambiguation%29
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Chemist may refer to:
In all countries:
Chemist, a scientist trained in the science of chemistry
In Australia, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa and some other countries:
a pharmacist (dispensing chemist)
a pharmacy (shop)
See also
List of chemists
The Chemist (disambiguation)
The Qemists, a British Drum & Bass band
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern%20Blocks
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Pattern Blocks are a set of mathematical manipulatives developed in the 1960s. The six shapes are both a play resource and a tool for learning in mathematics, which serve to develop spatial reasoning skills that are fundamental to the learning of mathematics. Among other things, they allow children to see how shapes can be composed and decomposed into other shapes, and introduce children to ideas of tilings. Pattern blocks sets are multiple copies of just six shapes:
Equilateral triangle (Green)
60° rhombus (2 triangles) (Blue) that can be matched with two of the green triangles
30° Narrow rhombus (Beige) with the same side-length as the green triangle
Trapezoid (half hexagon or 3 triangles) (Red) that can be matched with three of the green triangles
Regular Hexagon (6 triangles) (Yellow) that can be matched with six of the green triangles
Square (Orange) with the same side-length as the green triangle
All the angles are multiples of 30° (1/12 of a circle): 30° (1×), 60° (2×), 90° (3×), 120° (4×), and 150° (5×).
Use
The block designed with their for both mathematics and play in mind. The advice given in the 1968 EDC Teacher's Guide is: "Take out the blocks, and play with them yourself. Try out some of your own ideas. Then, when you give the blocks to the children, sit back and watch what they do." The blocks are sufficiently mathematically structured that children’s self-directed play can lead to a variety of mathematical experience. Billy Hargrove and JJ Maybanks identifi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adela%20Cortina
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Adela Cortina (born 1947, Valencia) is a Spanish philosopher.
Biography
After studying philosophy and letters in the Universidad de Valencia, she was admitted into the department of metaphysics in 1969. In 1976, she defended her doctoral thesis on the notion of God in Kant's transcendental philosophy and during some time she taught at middle schools and highschools. A research scholarship allowed her to go to the University of Munich, where she got acquainted with critical rationalism, pragmatism and marxist ethics and, more concretely, with the philosophy of Jürgen Habermas and Karl-Otto Apel.
Upon coming back to the Spanish scholar scene, she devoted her research time to ethics.
In 1981, she was admitted in the department of practical philosophy in the Universidad de Valencia.
In 1986, she became Professor of Moral Philosophy, relative to economy, business and the discrimination of women, the war, ecology, genetics, etc. These are topics that the author cultivates in her work.
She is married to philosopher and professor at the Universidad de Valencia, Jesús Conill.
She is a member of the Comisión Nacional de Reproducción Humana Asistida and holds a position in the Comité Asesor de Etica de la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica.
With her book "Ethics of the friendly reason", she won the International Essay Prize Jovellanos in 2007.
She has also been named Member of the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Science (December 2, 2008), making her the first woman a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20Institute%2C%20University%20of%20Oxford
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The Mathematical Institute is the mathematics department at the University of Oxford in England. It is one of the nine departments of the university's Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division. The institute includes both pure and applied mathematics (Statistics is a separate department) and is one of the largest mathematics departments in the United Kingdom with about 200 academic staff. It was ranked (in a joint submission with Statistics) as the top mathematics department in the UK in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework. Research at the Mathematical Institute covers all branches of mathematical sciences ranging from, for example, algebra, number theory, and geometry to the application of mathematics to a wide range of fields including industry, finance, networks, and the brain. It has more than 850 undergraduates and 550 doctoral or masters students. The institute inhabits a purpose-built building between Somerville College and Green Templeton College on Woodstock Road, next to the Faculty of Philosophy.
History
The earliest forerunner of the Mathematical Institute was the School of Geometry and Arithmetic in the Bodleian Library's main quadrangle. This was completed in 1620.
Notable mathematicians associated with the university include Christopher Wren who, before his notable career as an architect, made contributions in analytical mathematics, astronomy, and mathematical physics; Edmond Halley who published a series of profound papers on astronomy while Sav
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelly%20bean%20%28disambiguation%29
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A jelly bean is a type of confectionery.
Jelly bean or Jellybean may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Assorted Jelly Beans, American punk rock group
The Jelly Beans, American vocal group
"The Jelly-bean" (1920), short story of Francis Scott Fitzgerald
Biology
Jelly bean palm or Synechanthus, a genus of flowering plant in the palm family
Jelly bean plant or Sedum rubrotinctum, a succulent plant from the family Crassulaceae
Jellybean tetra or Ladigesia roloffi, a species of African tetra
Jellybean tetra or Adonis tetra (Lepidarchus adonis), a very small African fish of the family Alestidae
People
Jellybean Johnson (born 1956), an American musician and member of The Time
Joe "Jellybean" Bryant (born 1954), an American basketball player and coach
John "Jellybean" Benitez (born 1957), an American musician, producer and DJ, often credited simply as Jellybean
The "Jelly bean lady", Loretta Marron (born 1951), the CEO of Friends of Science in Medicine
Other uses
Android Jelly Bean, codename for versions 4.1–4.3 of the Android operating system
Jellybean Jones, a member of the Jones family in the Archies Gang comics
In the electronics industry, a "jelly bean" component is one which is widely available, used generically in many applications, and has no very unusual characteristics. For example, the μA741 might be considered a jelly bean operational amplifier.
See also
Jelly roll (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahgat%20G.%20Sammakia
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Bahgat G. Sammakia is an educator and academic administrator who currently serves as Vice President for Research at Binghamton University. He was previously the Interim President of the SUNY Polytechnic Institute. He is also a professor of mechanical engineering and director of the Small Scale Systems Packaging Center at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York. Sammakia has published over 200 technical papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings, holds 21 U.S. patents and 12 IBM technical disclosures. He has also contributed to three books.
In June 2018, State University of New York senior vice chancellor for research and economic development, Dr. Grace Wang was appointed as SUNY Polytechnic Institute Interim President. She replaced Sammakia on July 1 and earns a salary of $425,000, while continuing to hold her position at SUNY.
Education and career
Sammakia received his B.S. degree in 1977 from the University of Alexandria. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in 1980 and 1982, respectively from the State University of New York at Buffalo. All of his degrees are in mechanical engineering. The title of his doctoral dissertation is "Transient natural and mixed convection flows and transport adjacent to an ice surface melting in saline water".
After completing his Ph.D., Sammakia was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania. He began working for IBM in 1984 as an engineer. He continued to work for IBM until 1998, holding various management p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rellich%E2%80%93Kondrachov%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem is a compact embedding theorem concerning Sobolev spaces. It is named after the Austrian-German mathematician Franz Rellich and the Russian mathematician Vladimir Iosifovich Kondrashov. Rellich proved the L2 theorem and Kondrashov the Lp theorem.
Statement of the theorem
Let Ω ⊆ Rn be an open, bounded Lipschitz domain, and let 1 ≤ p < n. Set
Then the Sobolev space W1,p(Ω; R) is continuously embedded in the Lp space Lp∗(Ω; R) and is compactly embedded in Lq(Ω; R) for every 1 ≤ q < p∗. In symbols,
and
Kondrachov embedding theorem
On a compact manifold with boundary, the Kondrachov embedding theorem states that if and then the Sobolev embedding
is completely continuous (compact).
Consequences
Since an embedding is compact if and only if the inclusion (identity) operator is a compact operator, the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem implies that any uniformly bounded sequence in W1,p(Ω; R) has a subsequence that converges in Lq(Ω; R). Stated in this form, in the past the result was sometimes referred to as the Rellich–Kondrachov selection theorem, since one "selects" a convergent subsequence. (However, today the customary name is "compactness theorem", whereas "selection theorem" has a precise and quite different meaning, referring to set-valued functions).
The Rellich–Kondrachov theorem may be used to prove the Poincaré inequality, which states that for u ∈ W1,p(Ω; R) (where Ω satisfies the same hypotheses as above),
for some
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order%20reduction
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In computer science, a first-order reduction is a very strong type of reduction between two computational problems in computational complexity theory. A first-order reduction is a reduction where each component is restricted to be in the class FO of problems calculable in first-order logic.
Since we have , the first-order reductions are stronger reductions than the logspace reductions.
Many important complexity classes are closed under first-order reductions, and many of the traditional complete problems are first-order complete as well (Immerman 1999 p. 49-50). For example, ST-connectivity is FO-complete for NL, and NL is closed under FO reductions (Immerman 1999, p. 51) (as are P, NP, and most other "well-behaved" classes).
References
Descriptive complexity
Reduction (complexity)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20McClintock
|
Martha Kent McClintock (born February 22, 1947) is an American psychologist best known for her research on human pheromones and her theory of menstrual synchrony.
Her research focuses on the relationship that the environment and biology have upon sexual behaviour. She is the David Lee Shillinglaw Distinguished Service Professor in Psychology at the University of Chicago and is the Founder and past Director of the Institute for Mind and Biology.
Education and career
McClintock was born in Pasadena, California, and obtained her bachelor's degree from Wellesley College in 1969. She received a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania and joined the Department of Psychology at the University of Chicago in 1976. She also holds faculty appointments in the Department of Comparative Human Development, the Committee on Evolutionary Biology, and the Committee on Neurobiology. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine in the National Academy of Sciences. In 1982, she has received the APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology for original and broadly conceived research on the social regulation of reproductive function.
In 1999, she founded the Institute for Mind and Biology at the University of Chicago, a research institute designed to foster transdisciplinary research in mind-body interactions and the biological basis of behavior. This Institute enabled the creation of the Center for Interdisciplina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Guardian
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The Lake Guardian is a research vessel that serves on the Great Lakes.
She is owned by the EPA Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO), assisting in monitoring and reporting on the status and trends of the Great Lakes ecosystem. She has three onboard laboratories: a general purpose or "wet" laboratory, chemistry, and biology.
Images
References
External links
United States Environmental Protection Agency - The Lake Guardian
Research vessels of the United States
Ships of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
1981 ships
Ships built in Moss Point, Mississippi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20tensor
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In mathematics, a Killing tensor or Killing tensor field is a generalization of a Killing vector, for symmetric tensor fields instead of just vector fields. It is a concept in pseudo-Riemannian geometry, and is mainly used in the theory of general relativity. Killing tensors satisfy an equation similar to Killing's equation for Killing vectors. Like Killing vectors, every Killing tensor corresponds to a quantity which is conserved along geodesics. However, unlike Killing vectors, which are associated with symmetries (isometries) of a manifold, Killing tensors generally lack such a direct geometric interpretation. Killing tensors are named after Wilhelm Killing.
Definition and properties
In the following definition, parentheses around tensor indices are notation for symmetrization. For example:
Definition
A Killing tensor is a tensor field (of some order m) on a (pseudo)-Riemannian manifold which is symmetric (that is, ) and satisfies:
This equation is a generalization of Killing's equation for Killing vectors:
Properties
Killing vectors are a special case of Killing tensors. Another simple example of a Killing tensor is the metric tensor itself. A linear combination of Killing tensors is a Killing tensor. A symmetric product of Killing tensors is also a Killing tensor; that is, if and are Killing tensors, then is a Killing tensor too.
Every Killing tensor corresponds to a constant of motion on geodesics. More specifically, for every geodesic with tangent vector , the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twintron
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In molecular biology, a twintron is an intron-within-intron excised by sequential splicing reactions. A twintron is presumably formed by the insertion of a mobile intron into an existing intron.
Discovery
Twintrons were discovered by Donald W. Copertino and Richard B. Hallick as a group II intron within another group II intron in Euglena chloroplast genome. They found that splicing of both the internal and external introns occurs via lariat intermediates. Additionally, twintron splicing was found to proceed by a sequential pathway, the internal intron being removed prior to the excision of the external intron.
Since the original discovery, there have been other reports of Group III twintrons and GroupII/III twintrons in the chloroplast of Euglena gracilis. In 1993 a new type of complex twintron composed of four individual group III introns has been characterized. The external intron was interrupted by an internal intron containing two additional introns. In 1995 scientists discovered the first non-Euglena twintron in cryptomonad alga Pyrenomonas salina. In 2004, several twintrons were discovered in Drosophila.
Distribution
The majority of these twintrons have been characterized within the Euglena chloroplast genome but these elements have also been found in cryptomonad algae (Pyrenomonas salina), and group I intron based twintrons (group I inserted within a group I intron) have been described in Didymium iridis. Since the discovery of the psbF twintron, several categorie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraffe%20radar
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The Saab (formerly Ericsson Microwave Systems AB) Giraffe Radar is a family of land and naval two- or three-dimensional G/H-band (4 to 8 GHz) passive electronically scanned array radar-based surveillance and air defense command and control systems. It is tailored for operations with medium- and Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) missile or gun systems, or for use as gap-fillers in a larger air defense system.
The radar gets its name from the distinctive folding mast which when deployed allows the radar to see over nearby terrain features such as trees, extending its effective range against low-level air targets. The first systems were produced in 1977. By 2007, some 450 units of all types are reported as having been delivered.
Serbian Military Technical Institute purchased a licence for Giraffe 75 and producing a new model with several modifications. Domestic Serbia designation is M85 "Žirafa" on chassis of FAP 2026.
Saab Electronic Defence Systems (EDS) in May 2014 unveiled two new classes of active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar—three land-based systems (Giraffe 1X, Giraffe 4A and Giraffe 8A) and two naval variants (Sea Giraffe 1X and Sea Giraffe 4A) in X- and S-band frequencies—to complement its existing surface radar portfolio.
Description
Giraffe is a family of G/H (formerly C-band) frequency agile, low to medium altitude pulse doppler air search radars and combat control centers which can be used in mobile or static short to medium range air defense applica
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Janich
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Peter Janich (4 January 1942 – 4 September 2016) was a professor of philosophy at the University of Marburg.
He was born in Munich. Janich studied physics, philosophy and psychology at the Universities of Erlangen and Hamburg. He attained a doctorate in philosophy in 1969 and during 1969/70 was a guest lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin. From 1973 to 1980 he was a professor for philosophy of science of the accurate sciences at the University of Konstanz. Since 1980 he has held the chair for systematic philosophy with an emphasis on theoretical philosophy at the Philipps University of Marburg.
Janich is the joint founder and representative of the approach of methodical culturalism, a development of the methodical constructivism of the Erlangen School of constructivism. He developed the concept of protophysics with Paul Lorenzen and Rüdiger Inhetveen. Janich died of cancer at the age of 74 on 4 September 2016 in Rauschenberg.
References
External links
Peter Janich, Homepage at the University of Marburg
Peter Janich: Kulturalismus
1942 births
2016 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
Academic staff of the University of Marburg
German male writers
University of Hamburg alumni
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
21st-century German philosophers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20Mathematical%20Contest
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The Nordic Mathematical Contest (NMC) is a mathematics competition for secondary school students from the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. It takes place every year in March or April and serves the double purpose of being a regional secondary school level mathematics competition for the Nordic region and a step in the process of selection of the teams of the participating countries for the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and the regional Baltic Way competition.
Participation
At most twenty participants from each country are appointed by the organisers of the national secondary school level mathematics competitions. They must either be eligible to the IMO or attend a secondary school. (The foreword of ref. renders the eligibility requirements unlike the past and present regulations.)
Problems
The exam consists of four problems to be answered in four hours. Only writing and drawing tools are permitted. For each problem the contestant can get from zero to seven points. The problems are of the IMO type and harder than those of the national secondary school level competitions in mathematics of the Nordic countries but not as hard as those of the IMO. They are chosen by the organising committee of the host country of the year from proposals submitted by the national organising committees.
The official web site of the NMC provides a complete collection in English with solutions of the problems from all the years. It is compiled by Ma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20circle%20%28disambiguation%29
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A magic circle is a ritually defined space in a number of magical traditions.
Magic circle or Magic Circle may also refer to:
Magic circle (mathematics), an arrangement of natural numbers on circles such that the sum of the numbers on each circle and the sum of numbers on each diameter are identical
Magic circle (social), a concept used in sociology and psychology
Magic circle (virtual worlds), a membrane enclosing virtual worlds
Magic Circle (law firms), a group of leading London law firms
Offshore magic circle, a group of law firms practicing in offshore jurisdictions
The Magic Circle (organisation), a British organisation dedicated to stage magic
Magic Circle (album), a 2005 album by Wizard
The Magic Circle (Waterhouse paintings), two 1886 paintings by John William Waterhouse
The Magic Circle (video game)
Magic Circle Music, a record label founded by Manowar's bassist Joey DeMaio in 2003
Magic Circle Festival, a music festival founded in 2007 by Joey DeMaio, headlined by Manowar
Sala gang or Den Magiska Cirkeln, a 1930s Swedish criminal and occult organization
The Magic Circle, a 1993 novel by Donna Jo Napoli
See also
Circle of Magic, a series of fantasy novels by Tamora Pierce
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involutory%20matrix
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In mathematics, an involutory matrix is a square matrix that is its own inverse. That is, multiplication by the matrix A is an involution if and only if A2 = I, where I is the n × n identity matrix. Involutory matrices are all square roots of the identity matrix. This is simply a consequence of the fact that any invertible matrix multiplied by its inverse is the identity.
Examples
The 2 × 2 real matrix is involutory provided that
The Pauli matrices in M(2, C) are involutory:
One of the three classes of elementary matrix is involutory, namely the row-interchange elementary matrix. A special case of another class of elementary matrix, that which represents multiplication of a row or column by −1, is also involutory; it is in fact a trivial example of a signature matrix, all of which are involutory.
Some simple examples of involutory matrices are shown below.
where
I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix (which is trivially involutory);
R is the 3 × 3 identity matrix with a pair of interchanged rows;
S is a signature matrix.
Any block-diagonal matrices constructed from involutory matrices will also be involutory, as a consequence of the linear independence of the blocks.
Symmetry
An involutory matrix which is also symmetric is an orthogonal matrix, and thus represents an isometry (a linear transformation which preserves Euclidean distance). Conversely every orthogonal involutory matrix is symmetric.
As a special case of this, every reflection and 180° rotation matrix is inv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentially%20unique
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In mathematics, the term essentially unique is used to describe a weaker form of uniqueness, where an object satisfying a property is "unique" only in the sense that all objects satisfying the property are equivalent to each other. The notion of essential uniqueness presupposes some form of "sameness", which is often formalized using an equivalence relation.
A related notion is a universal property, where an object is not only essentially unique, but unique up to a unique isomorphism (meaning that it has trivial automorphism group). In general there can be more than one isomorphism between examples of an essentially unique object.
Examples
Set theory
At the most basic level, there is an essentially unique set of any given cardinality, whether one labels the elements or .
In this case, the non-uniqueness of the isomorphism (e.g., match 1 to or 1 to ) is reflected in the symmetric group.
On the other hand, there is an essentially unique ordered set of any given finite cardinality: if one writes and , then the only order-preserving isomorphism is the one which maps 1 to , 2 to , and 3 to .
Number theory
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes that the factorization of any positive integer into prime numbers is essentially unique, i.e., unique up to the ordering of the prime factors.
Group theory
In the context of classification of groups, there is an essentially unique group containing exactly 2 elements. Similarly, there is also an essentially unique group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacoub%20Sarraf
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Yacoub Riad Sarraf (; born 1961) is a Lebanese politician. He was born in the town of Miniara in the Akkar district of northern Lebanon.
Biography
Sarraf, who is a Greek Orthodox Christian, has degrees in civil engineering and architecture from the American University of Beirut. He has two children. Sarraf worked for companies in Greece, France and Lebanon before being named governor of Beirut in 1999. In 2003 he became governor of Mount Lebanon.
Close to President Émile Lahoud, he was involved in numerous political clashes with the Beirut municipal council and with Rafiq Hariri.
Émile Lahoud had him appointed Minister of the Environment in the Fouad Siniora government formed in July 2005.
He held the post of Minister of Defense in an interim capacity while Elias Murr was convalescing from an assassination attempt of July 12, 2005.
As Environment Minister, he strongly denounced the oil spill caused by Israeli bombardment of the Jiyeh thermal power station during the Israel-Lebanon conflict.
He submitted his resignation from the cabinet on November 11, 2006, but Prime Minister Fouad Siniora has rejected the resignation.
On 18 December 2016, he was appointed Minister of Defense in the newly formed cabinet of Prime Minister Saad Hariri, where he served until 31 January 2019.
References
Arab Decision's page on Yacoub Sarraf, accessed November 11, 2006.
1961 births
Living people
Greek Orthodox Christians from Lebanon
Defense ministers of Lebanon
Government ministers of Le
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fan-class%20fast%20attack%20craft
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The Doğan class is one of the fast attack craft / missile boat classes of the Turkish Navy.
Designed by Lürssen Werft in Germany, these ships are almost identical with the and classes, having the same hull, machinery and weapons. They were fitted with LIOD Mk.2 electro-optical fire control and TACTICOS command control systems during their mid-life modernization program.
TCG Doğan was built in Germany, other ships of the class were built in Turkey.
List of boats
See also
List of Turkish Navy ships
External links
Official Turkish Navy site
Turkish Navy Doğan class patrol craft
Missile boat classes
Missile boats of Germany
Missile boats of the Turkish Navy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20A.%20Stein
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William Arthur Stein (born February 21, 1974 in Santa Barbara, California) is a software developer and previously a professor of mathematics at the University of Washington.
He is the lead developer of SageMath and founder of CoCalc. Stein does computational and theoretical research into the problem of computing with modular forms and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. He is considered "a leading expert in the field of computational arithmetic".
References
External links
1974 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Computer programmers
Free software programmers
Living people
Northern Arizona University alumni
Number theorists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Washington faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osazone
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Osazone are a class of carbohydrate derivatives found in organic chemistry formed when reducing sugars are reacted with excess of phenylhydrazine at boiling temperatures.
Formation
Osazone formation was developed by Emil Fischer, who used the reaction as a test to identify monosaccharides.
The formation of a pair of hydrazone functionalities involves both oxidation and condensation reactions. Since the reaction requires a free carbonyl group, only "reducing sugars" participate. Sucrose, which is nonreducing, does not form an osazone.
Appearance
Osazones are highly coloured and crystalline compounds. Osazones are readily distinguished.
Maltosazone (from maltose) forms petal-shaped crystals.
Lactosazone (from lactose) forms powder puff-shaped crystals.
Galactosazone (from galactose) forms rhombic-plate shaped crystals.
Glucosazone (from glucose, fructose or mannose) forms broomstick or needle-shaped crystals.
Historic references
References
Carbohydrates
Hydrazones
Emil Fischer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTE
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The abbreviation MTE or M.T.E. may refer to:
Materiel de Traction Electrique joint subsidiary of Creusot-Loire and Jeumont-Schneider
MAC-then-Encrypt (MtE), one of approaches to Authenticated encryption
Mathematical Table Errata, an increasingly numbered periodical column about errors in mathematical tables in the journal Mathematics of Computation
MCA Television Entertainment, a former division of Universal Television
The Metabolic Theory of Ecology, which argues that ecological phenomena result from metabolic constraints
The Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment
Multicultural Toronto English, a sociolect dialect spoken by youth culture living in Southern Ontario, particularly the Greater Toronto Area.
Myanma Timber Enterprise, a state-owned timber company
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordisk%20Kemiteknolog%20Konferens
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The Nordisk Kemiteknolog Konferens (English: Conference for Nordic Students of Applied Chemistry) is a conference with the goal of letting students of applied chemistry collaborate with colleagues in the Nordic countries.
NKK was first thought of and put to action more than thirty years ago, in the 1970s. The aim of the conferences was to let students of applied chemistry meet their colleagues from Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway. The original universities involved in the project were those of KTH (Stockholm), Uppsala, Chalmers (Gothenburg), Aalto (TKK) (Helsinki), Turku, DTU (Copenhagen), NTH (Trondheim), Luleå, Umeå and Linköping. During the conferences, which are summoned once a year in one of the above-mentioned cities according to an established system of circulation, the host city is to present industry typical for its region. The original language of the conference was Swedish, but with the addition of the technical university of Tallinn from Estonia in 2006, the official language of the conference is now English.
The NKK has evolved into an annual happening in which about 50 privileged students of applied chemistry, usually the most active ones of their student organisations and members of their boards, come together to get acquainted with each other, visit companies of their own future trade, have parties together and discussions of what topics might be of current interest at the time being. The participants have usually been able to take part in NKK free of ch
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela%20Belcher
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Angela M. Belcher is a materials scientist, biological engineer, and the James Mason Crafts Professor of Biological Engineering and Materials Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. She is director of the Biomolecular Materials Group at MIT, a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and a 2004 MacArthur Fellow. In 2019, she was named head of the Department of Biological Engineering at MIT. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.
Early life and education
Belcher grew up in San Antonio, Texas. She attended the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she received her bachelor's degree from the College of Creative Studies in 1991 and her Ph.D. in chemistry in 1997.
Career
After studying abalone shells, she worked with several colleagues at MIT and engineered a virus, known as the M13 bacteriophage whose target is usually Escherichia coli. M13 can be made to latch onto and coat itself with inorganic materials including gold and cobalt oxide. The long tubular virus (coated in cobalt oxide) now acts as a minuscule length of wire called a nanowire. Belcher's group coaxed many of these nanowires together and found that they resemble the basic components of a potentially very powerful and compact battery. In 2002 she founded Cambrios with Evelyn L. Hu of (at the time) University of California, Santa Barbara. Their vision relied upon the use of nanostructured ino
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20%26%20Engineering%20Chemistry%20Research
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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society covering all aspects of chemical engineering. The editor-in-chief is Phillip E. Savage (Pennsylvania State University).
History
The journal was established in 1909 as the Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. It was renamed in 1930 as Industrial & Engineering Chemistry before obtaining its current title in 1970. From 1911 to 1916 it was edited by Milton C. Whitaker. From 1921 to 1942 it was edited by Dr. Harrison E. Howe.
The journal I&EC Product Research and Development was established in 1962. It was renamed Product R&D in 1969 and renamed again in 1978 as Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development. In 1986, it and the journals Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals and Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, both also established in 1962, were combined into Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal achieved its highest impact factor to date (since 1997) of 3.720 in 2020, placing it in the Q2 JIF quartile of the "Engineering, Chemical" category. I&ECR has been in the Q1 quartile of this category in years 1997-2008, 2010-2012, 2014, and 2017-2018.
References
External links
American Chemical Society academic journals
Biweekly journals
English-langua
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20W.%20Swetnam
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Thomas W. Swetnam (born 1955) is Regents' Professor Emeritus of Dendrochronology at the University of Arizona, studying disturbances of forest ecosystems across temporal and spatial scales. He served as the Director of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research from 2000 to 2015.
Education
Swetnam received his bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from the University of New Mexico and subsequently received his master's and PhD from the University of Arizona in watershed management and dendrochronology.
Recognition
He received the A.E. Douglass award from the University of Arizona, the W.S. Cooper award from the Ecological Society of America (with Julio Betancourt) and the Henry Cowles award from the American Association of Geographers (with James H. Speer). He was elected a Fellow of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in 2015. He received the Harold C. Fritts Lifetime Achievement Award from the Tree-Ring Society in 2016. He received the Harold Biswell Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Association for Fire Ecology in 2016.
Advisor
He has served on the following advisory and editorial boards:
Board of trustees, Valles Caldera National Preserve (2000-2004); Arizona Forest Health Advisory Council (2003-2006); Arizona Climate Change Advisory Group (2005-2006); associate editor, International Journal of Wildland Fire, (1993–present); editor, Tree-Ring Research (2000-2001); associate editor, Ecoscience (1994-1998); associate editor, Canadian Jour
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Kaplan%20%28biologist%29
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Michael S. Kaplan (born January 3, 1952) is an American biology researcher, medical professor, and clinical physician. A pioneer of neurogenesis research, his work refuted the classic idea that no new nerve cells are born in the adult mammalian brain. His research using light and electron microscopy suggested that neurogenesis occurs in the brain of adult mammals, but his findings were rejected by the scientific community at the time in a field that continues to be contentious. Doctor Kaplan has recently begun a YouTube channel which offers patient interviews and insights to brain plasticity; kaplan brain health, YouTube .
Academic Background
Tulane University, BS in Anatomy, 1975
Boston University, PhD in Neuroscience and Anatomy, 1979
Florida State University, Post-Doc in Anatomy, 1980
University of New Mexico, Anatomy department Faculty, 1983
University of Miami, MD, 1987
Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Residency in Rehabilitation Medicine, 1990
National Institute of Aging, Director of Physical Function and Performance Program, 1991–1992
Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine fellows Professor, 2000–2005
University of Maryland Medical School, Professor of Anatomy
Research Background
Initial studies that suggested that the adult brain could generate new neurons were largely ignored. In the 1960s Joseph Altman and coworkers published a series of papers reporting that some dividing cells in the adult brain survived and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnormal%20operator
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In mathematics, especially operator theory, subnormal operators are bounded operators on a Hilbert space defined by weakening the requirements for normal operators. Some examples of subnormal operators are isometries and Toeplitz operators with analytic symbols.
Definition
Let H be a Hilbert space. A bounded operator A on H is said to be subnormal if A has a normal extension. In other words, A is subnormal if there exists a Hilbert space K such that H can be embedded in K and there exists a normal operator N of the form
for some bounded operators
Normality, quasinormality, and subnormality
Normal operators
Every normal operator is subnormal by definition, but the converse is not true in general. A simple class of examples can be obtained by weakening the properties of unitary operators. A unitary operator is an isometry with dense range. Consider now an isometry A whose range is not necessarily dense. A concrete example of such is the unilateral shift, which is not normal. But A is subnormal and this can be shown explicitly. Define an operator U on
by
Direct calculation shows that U is unitary, therefore a normal extension of A. The operator U is called the unitary dilation of the isometry A.
Quasinormal operators
An operator A is said to be quasinormal if A commutes with A*A. A normal operator is thus quasinormal; the converse is not true. A counter example is given, as above, by the unilateral shift. Therefore, the family of normal operators is a proper subset of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20M.%20Wolfe
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Arthur Michael "Art" Wolfe (29 April 1939 – 17 February 2014) was an American astrophysicist, professor and the former director of the Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Together with Rainer K. Sachs, he authored the paper describing the Sachs-Wolfe effect.
The disc galaxy DLA0817g is nicknamed the Wolfe Disc in his honor.
References
External links
Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences
UCSD obituary
1939 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American astronomers
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American astronomers
21st-century American physicists
University of California, San Diego faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lear%20Siegler
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Lear Siegler Incorporated (LSI) is a diverse American corporation established in 1962. Its products range from car seats and brakes to weapons control systems for military fighter planes. The company's more than $2 billion-a-year annual sales comes from three major areas: aerospace-technology, automotive parts, and industrial-commercial. The company, however, is basically anonymous, since its products are either unmarked or bear only the label "LSI". Lear Siegler went private in 1987.
LSI is sometimes confused with Learjet, which manufactures executive jets.
History
Siegler
The Siegler Corporation was incorporated in December 1950 as Siegler Heating Company. Originally a maker of climate control equipment, the company changed its name to Siegler Corporation after merging with Siegler Enamel Range Company Inc. in 1954. In that year, John G. Brooks, a flamboyant entrepreneur, and nine other associates bought the Siegler Corporation of Centralia, Illinois, for $3.3 million; $3.2 million of this was borrowed for 24 hours at a cost of $60,000. Over the next decade and a half, Brooks, who became Siegler’s first president, established a reputation for supervising numerous startling acquisitions. In June 1955, seven months after the merger, Hallamore Manufacturing Company, an electronics firm, became Siegler's first "technology" acquisition. During the 1960s, the company expanded rapidly. John G. Brooks (Echo Products, Zenith Radio, and US Army Air Corps) headed up the new enterp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard%20Joos
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Bernhard Joos (18 December 1899 Schaffhausen, Switzerland – 8 June 1990 Paradiso, Switzerland), was the son of Dr. Bernhard Joos and Olga Sturzenegger.
He attained a PhD in chemistry at the University of Zurich in 1925, and was an assistant of Paul Karrer, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1937. After a stay in the US, Joos returned to Switzerland in 1932 and started his own laboratory, where he discovered the analgesic properties of phenazopyridine (later branded as Pyridazil).
In 1936 he created the pharmaceutical company Cilag (Chemical Industrial Laboratory AG). Within its first few years the new company launched six new pharmaceutical preparations. Joos left the company in 1949, and in 1959 Cilag was acquired by the US company Johnson & Johnson.
An Australian legal claim filed by him, Bernhard Joos vs. Commissioner of Patents, resulted in a change in British patent law, making medical and cosmetic procedures on the human body patentable.
References
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Swiss pharmacologists
1899 births
1990 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%20in%20physics
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This article discusses women who have made an important contribution to the field of physics.
International physics awards
Nobel laureates
Five women have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, awarded annually since 1901 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. These are:
1903 Marie Curie: "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
1963 Maria Goeppert Mayer: "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
2018 Donna Strickland: "for their method high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses"
2020 Andrea Ghez: "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy."
2023 Anne L'Huillier "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter."
Marie Curie was the first woman to receive the prize in 1903 and shared 1/2 of the prize with her husband Pierre Curie for their joint work on radioactivity, discovered by Henri Becquerel who got the other half of the prize. Marie Curie was the first woman to also receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win two Nobel prizes and, as of 2023, the first to be awarded two Nobel prizes in two different scientific categories.
Maria Goeppert Mayer became the second woman to win the prize in 1963, for the theoretical development of the nuclear shell model, a half of the prize shared with J. Hans D. J
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20quencher
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In chemistry, a dark quencher (also known as a dark sucker) is a substance that absorbs excitation energy from a fluorophore and dissipates the energy as heat; while a typical (fluorescent) quencher re-emits much of this energy as light. Dark quenchers are used in molecular biology in conjunction with fluorophores. When the two are close together, such as in a molecule or protein, the fluorophore's emission is suppressed. This effect can be used to study molecular geometry and motion.
An example of its use is in TaqMan or invader assay, SNP genotyping methods. For instance, a hairpin loop with a fluorophore and quencher at the base of the stem is used. An unlabeled SNP specific PCR primer (one of many) with a specific 5' tail binds to the sequence to be probed, and the Taq polymerase extends the sequence that will have a specific 5' end dependent on the SNP (insensitive to polymorphisms upstream of the SNP in question). In the next run, a primer, complementary to that tail, with a hairpin loop is extended. In the next run, the elongation of the complementary strand will linearise the hairpin separating the fluorophore and quencher.
An alternative to using quenchers is to use FRET where the combination of two dyes gives a signal.
Mode of function
Dark quenchers are dyes with no native fluorescence. Until the last few years, quenchers have typically been a second fluorescent dye, for example, fluorescein as the reporter and tetramethyl-rhodamine as the quencher (FAM/TAM prob
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax%20tree
|
Syntax tree may refer to:
Abstract syntax tree, used in computer science
Concrete syntax tree, used in linguistics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void%20ratio
|
The void ratio of a mixture or composite is the ratio of the volume of voids to volume of solids.
It is a dimensionless quantity in materials science, and is closely related to porosity as follows:
and
where is void ratio, is porosity, VV is the volume of void-space (such as fluids), VS is the volume of solids, and VT is the total or bulk volume. This figure is relevant in composites, in mining (particular with regard to the properties of tailings), and in soil science. In geotechnical engineering, it is considered one of the state variables of soils and represented by the symbol e.
Note that in geotechnical engineering, the symbol usually represents the angle of shearing resistance, a shear strength (soil) parameter. Because of this, the equation is usually rewritten using for porosity:
and
where is void ratio, is porosity, VV is the volume of void-space (air and water), VS is the volume of solids, and VT is the total or bulk volume.
Engineering applications
Volume change tendency control. If void ratio is high (loose soils) voids in a soil skeleton tend to minimize under loading - adjacent particles contract. The opposite situation, i.e. when void ratio is relatively small (dense soils), indicates that the volume of the soil is vulnerable to increase under loading - particles dilate.
Fluid conductivity control (ability of water movement through the soil). Loose soils show high conductivity, while dense soils are not so permeable.
Particles movement. In a loo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonearm%20%28musician%29
|
Tonearm is the stage name of Russian-born, New York-based musician Ilia Bis (Илья Бис). Bis grew up in Moscow and later moved to the United States to study mathematics and computer sound analysis. After doing graduate work at the University of Chicago, he decided to pursue music full-time.
Tonearm usually performs as a one-man band, combining electronic processing with singing and playing an electric guitar. He also collaborates closely with video artists, and all shows are accompanied by tightly-scripted live video projections. Despite not having released a full record to date, Tonearm has received considerable critical attention both in the United States and in his native Russia for his strong songwriting and original production. In 2006, he was reportedly working on a debut album.
References
External links
Official website
Tonearm's instrumental music on myspace.com
Radio Liberty article
Moscow Times article
American electronic musicians
American male singer-songwriters
Intelligent dance musicians
Russian emigrants to the United States
University of Chicago alumni
Ableton Live users
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20pointer
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In computer science, a bounded pointer is a pointer that is augmented with additional information that enable the storage bounds within which it may point to be deduced. This additional information sometimes takes the form of two pointers holding the upper and lower addresses of the storage occupied by the object to which the bounded pointer points.
Use of bound information makes it possible for a compiler to generate code that performs bounds checking, i.e. that tests if a pointer's value lies within the bounds prior to dereferencing the pointer or modifying the value of the pointer. If the bounds are violated some kind of exception may be raised. This is especially useful for data constructs such as arrays in C.
See also
Bounds-checking elimination
Smart pointer
Tagged pointer
References
Data types
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammotoxin
|
Grammotoxin is a toxin in the venom of the tarantula Grammostola spatulata. It is a protein toxin that inhibits P-, Q- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca 2+ channels) in neurons. Grammotoxin is also known as omega-grammotoxin SIA.
Chemistry
Grammotoxin is a 36 amino acid protein toxin, with the sequence Asp-Cys-Val-Arg-Phe-Trp-Gly-Lys-Cys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Ser-Asp-Cys-Cys-Pro-His-Leu-Ala-Cys-Lys-Ser-Lys-Trp-Pro-Arg-Asn-Ile-Cys-Val-Trp-Asp-Gly-Ser-Val (DCVRFWGKCSQTSDCCPHLACKSKWPRNICVWDGSV), and disulfide bridges between Cys2-Cys16, Cys9-Cys21 and Cys15-Cys30.
It forms an inhibitor cystine knot motif, common in spider toxins.
Its chemical formula is: C177H268N52O50S6
Grammotoxin can be purified from Grammostola spatulata venom by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.
Mode of action
The toxin binding site on the channels has high affinity for the toxins when they are closed and low affinity when channels are activated. As a result, the toxin preferentially binds to the closed channels. It binds at a region which contains the voltage-sensing domains. When bound, the toxin makes it more difficult for channels to be opened by depolarization, so much larger depolarizations are required for channel activation. Grammotoxin also binds to potassium channels but with lower affinity than to the calcium channels.
References
Neurotoxins
Ion channel toxins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUSH
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In cryptography, NUSH is a block cipher invented by Anatoly Lebedev and Alexey Volchkov for the Russian company LAN Crypto. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected.
NUSH exists in several different variants, using keys of 128, 192, or 256 bits, and a block size of 64, 128, or 256 bits. The number of rounds is 9, 17, or 33, depending on the block size. The algorithm uses key whitening, but no S-boxes; the only operations it uses are AND, OR, XOR, modular addition, and bit rotation.
It has been shown that linear cryptanalysis can break NUSH with less effort than a brute force attack.
References
Broken block ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-matrix
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In mathematics, especially linear algebra, an M-matrix is a Z-matrix with eigenvalues whose real parts are nonnegative. The set of non-singular M-matrices are a subset of the class of P-matrices, and also of the class of inverse-positive matrices (i.e. matrices with inverses belonging to the class of positive matrices). The name M-matrix was seemingly originally chosen by Alexander Ostrowski in reference to Hermann Minkowski, who proved that if a Z-matrix has all of its row sums positive, then the determinant of that matrix is positive.
Characterizations
An M-matrix is commonly defined as follows:
Definition: Let be a real Z-matrix. That is, where for all . Then matrix A is also an M-matrix if it can be expressed in the form , where with , for all , where is at least as large as the maximum of the moduli of the eigenvalues of , and is an identity matrix.
For the non-singularity of , according to the Perron–Frobenius theorem, it must be the case that . Also, for a non-singular M-matrix, the diagonal elements of A must be positive. Here we will further characterize only the class of non-singular M-matrices.
Many statements that are equivalent to this definition of non-singular M-matrices are known, and any one of these statements can serve as a starting definition of a non-singular M-matrix. For example, Plemmons lists 40 such equivalences. These characterizations has been categorized by Plemmons in terms of their relations to the properties of: (1) positivity of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Henry%20%28librarian%29
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Charles Henry (1859–1926) was a French librarian and editor. He was born at Bollwiller, Haut-Rhin, and was educated in Paris, where in 1881 he became assistant and afterward librarian in the Sorbonne. As a specialist in the history of mathematics, he was sent to Italy to seek some manuscripts of that nature which the government wished to publish. He edited several works upon kindred subjects, as well as memoirs, letters, and other volumes, and wrote critiques upon the musical theories of Rameau and Wronski. He is also credited with the invention of several ingenious devices and instruments used in psychophysiological laboratories. He published C. Huet's correspondence under the title Un érudit, homme du monde, homme d'église, homme de cour (1880), and he issued also Problèmes de géométrie pratique (1884) and Lettres inédites de Mlle. de Lespinasse à Condorcet et à D'Alembert (1887).
Charles Henry, a mathematician, inventor, esthetician, and intimate friend of the Symbolist and anarchist writers Félix Fénéon and Gustave Kahn, met Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Camille Pissarro during the last Impressionist exhibition in 1886. Henry would take the final step in bringing emotional associational theory into the world of artistic sensation: something that would influence greatly the Neo-Impressionists. Henry and Seurat were in agreement that the basic elements of art—the line, particle of color, like words—could be treated autonomously, each possessing an abstract value ind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostatic%20plasticity
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In neuroscience, homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network activity. The term homeostatic plasticity derives from two opposing concepts: 'homeostatic' (a product of the Greek words for 'same' and 'state' or 'condition') and plasticity (or 'change'), thus homeostatic plasticity means "staying the same through change".
Comparison with Hebbian plasticity
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a means of maintaining the synaptic basis for learning, respiration, and locomotion, in contrast to the Hebbian plasticity associated with learning and memory. Although Hebbian forms of plasticity, such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression occur rapidly, homeostatic plasticity (which relies on protein synthesis) can take hours or days. TNF-α and microRNAs are important mediators of homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
Homeostatic plasticity is thought to balance Hebbian plasticity by modulating the activity of the synapse or the properties of ion channels. Homeostatic plasticity in neocortical circuits has been studied in depth by Gina G. Turrigiano and Sacha Nelson of Brandeis University, who first observed compensatory changes in excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) after chronic activity manipulations.
Mechanism
Synaptic scaling has been proposed as a potential mechanism of homeostatic plasticity. Homeostatic plasticity can be used to describe a process that maintains the stability of neuronal functi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Markov%20chain
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In mathematics, the quantum Markov chain is a reformulation of the ideas of a classical Markov chain, replacing the classical definitions of probability with quantum probability.
Introduction
Very roughly, the theory of a quantum Markov chain resembles that of a measure-many automaton, with some important substitutions: the initial state is to be replaced by a density matrix, and the projection operators are to be replaced by positive operator valued measures.
Formal statement
More precisely, a quantum Markov chain is a pair with a density matrix and a quantum channel such that
is a completely positive trace-preserving map, and a C*-algebra of bounded operators. The pair must obey the quantum Markov condition, that
for all .
See also
Quantum walk
References
Gudder, Stanley. "Quantum Markov chains." Journal of Mathematical Physics 49.7 (2008): 072105.
Exotic probabilities
Quantum information science
Markov models
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC2000
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In cryptography, SC2000 is a block cipher invented by a research group at Fujitsu Labs. It was submitted to the NESSIE project, but was not selected. It was among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government use by CRYPTREC in 2003, however, has been dropped to "candidate" by CRYPTREC revision in 2013.
The algorithm uses a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. It operates on blocks of 128 bits using 6.5 or 7.5 rounds of encryption. Each round consists of S-box lookups, key additions, and an unkeyed two-round Feistel network. There are 3 S-boxes: a 4×4-bit one used at the beginning of each round, and a 5×5-bit one and 6×6-bit one used in the Feistel network.
No analysis of the full SC2000 has been announced, but a reduced version of 4.5 rounds is susceptible to linear cryptanalysis, and a reduced version of 5 rounds is susceptible to differential cryptanalysis.
In 2014, Alex Biryukov and Ivica Nikolić found a weakness in the key schedule of SC2000 which allows an attacker to find colliding keys which result in identical encryptions in just 239 time for 256 bit keys. They proved that there are 268 colliding key pairs and the whole set can be found in 258 time.
References
External links
256bit Ciphers - SC2000 Reference implementation and derived code
Block ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20key%20fingerprint
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In public-key cryptography, a public key fingerprint is a short sequence of bytes used to identify a longer public key. Fingerprints are created by applying a cryptographic hash function to a public key. Since fingerprints are shorter than the keys they refer to, they can be used to simplify certain key management tasks. In Microsoft software, "thumbprint" is used instead of "fingerprint."
Creating public key fingerprints
A public key fingerprint is typically created through the following steps:
A public key (and optionally some additional data) is encoded into a sequence of bytes. To ensure that the same fingerprint can be recreated later, the encoding must be deterministic, and any additional data must be exchanged and stored alongside the public key. The additional data is typically information which anyone using the public key should be aware of. Examples of additional data include: which protocol versions the key should be used with (in the case of PGP fingerprints); and the name of the key holder (in the case of X.509 trust anchor fingerprints, where the additional data consists of an X.509 self-signed certificate).
The data produced in the previous step is hashed with a cryptographic hash function such as SHA-1 or SHA-2.
If desired, the hash function output can be truncated to provide a shorter, more convenient fingerprint.
This process produces a short fingerprint which can be used to authenticate a much larger public key. For example, whereas a typical RS
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Johnson%20%28technologist%29
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William Michael Johnson is a technologist, and pioneer in superscalar microprocessor design in the United States.
Johnson holds bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering, both from Arizona State University.
Johnson was an architect and designer of early reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors at IBM known as ROMP, in Austin, Texas.
Johnson joined Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) in 1985 as the chief architect of the AMD Am29000 family (commonly known as "29K") of microprocessors.
He graduated with a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1989, working with Professor Mark Horowitz.
He held various management and leadership positions on the AMD K5 and K7 processor teams. He was vice president of the Advanced Architecture Labs, responsible for technology development in the areas of processor, multimedia, networking, telecommunications, and personal computer system products. He was vice president of the AMD Personal Connectivity Solutions Group in 2002.
By 2004 he was a senior AMD fellow.
Later he headed Texas Instruments' Austin Microprocessor Design Center.
He helped organize a 2005 conference on revitalizing computer architecture research.
He served on the electrical engineering advisory council for Arizona State.
Johnson wrote a seminal book on microprocessor superscalar architecture in 1991. The first book on the subject, it was an expanded version of his dissertation, and included an appendix on applying the techniques to t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20number%20%28disambiguation%29
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A large number or the largest number are terms that may refer to:
Large numbers, for notations to exactly specify very large numbers
Names of large numbers, for the largest numbers with names
In mathematics and physics
Infinity, a concept which can be used as a largest number in some contexts
Graham's number, once claimed as the largest number ever used in a serious mathematical proof
Largest known prime number, for the largest known primes
Dirac large numbers hypothesis, for cosmology.
In computing
Arbitrary-precision arithmetic
The constant 127, 32767, 2147483647, or 9223372036854775807, in a byte, a word of 16, 32, or 64 bits in two's-complement format
The constant 255, 65535, 4294967295, or 18446744073709551615, in a byte, a word of 16, 32, or 64 bits with no sign bit
The constant 3.4028235e+38 or 1.7976931348623157e+308, in a word of 32 or 64 bits using the binary IEEE 754-2008 floating-point representation
See also
Infinitesimal (smallest number)
Integer (computer science)#Common integral data types - ranges of common integer data types
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur%20orthogonality%20relations
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In mathematics, the Schur orthogonality relations, which were proven by Issai Schur through Schur's lemma, express a central fact about representations of finite groups.
They admit a generalization to the case of compact groups in general, and in particular compact Lie groups, such as the rotation group SO(3).
Finite groups
Intrinsic statement
The space of complex-valued class functions of a finite group G has a natural inner product:
where means the complex conjugate of the value of on g. With respect to this inner product, the irreducible characters form an orthonormal basis
for the space of class functions, and this yields the orthogonality relation for the rows of the character
table:
For , applying the same inner product to the columns of the character table yields:
where the sum is over all of the irreducible characters of G and the symbol denotes the order of the centralizer of . Note that since and are conjugate iff they are in the same column of the character table, this implies that the columns of the character table are orthogonal.
The orthogonality relations can aid many computations including:
decomposing an unknown character as a linear combination of irreducible characters;
constructing the complete character table when only some of the irreducible characters are known;
finding the orders of the centralizers of representatives of the conjugacy classes of a group; and
finding the order of the group.
Coordinates statement
Let be a matrix elem
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Kolak
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Daniel Kolak (born 1955 in Zagreb, SR Croatia) is a Croatian-American philosopher who works primarily in philosophy of mind, personal identity, cognitive science, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of logic, philosophy of religion, and aesthetics. He is professor of philosophy at the William Paterson University of New Jersey and an Affiliate of the Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science (RuCCS). Kolak is the founder of the philosophical therapy known as cognitive dynamics.
Biography
Kolak is a prolific philosopher, with over thirty-five authored books and nearly two hundred books edited. He is professor of philosophy at the William Paterson University of New Jersey (WPUNJ), where he chaired the Philosophy Department and founded and directed the WPUNJ cognitive science laboratory. He also directs research at the Brain Behavior Center and is an affiliate of Rutgers University's Center for Cognitive Science (RuCCS). Kolak's numerous articles, stories, essays, books and other creative works bridge traditional philosophy with all areas of inquiry and expression, from neuroscience to quantum mechanics, from logic and mathematics to art, music and literature. Among his best known recent works are I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundations for Global Ethics, Principles of Cognitive Science, Wittgenstein's Tractatus, Wisdom Without Answers, From the Presocratics to the Present, In Search of God: The Language and Logic of Belief, The Experience of Philo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocaeli%20University
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Kocaeli University (Turkish: Kocaeli Üniversitesi) is a state university in İzmit, Turkey. It was founded as the Academy of Engineering and Architecture of Kocaeli in 1976. The electrical and mechanical engineering departments, basic sciences, and department of modern languages were the original departments of the academy. It became a part of Yıldız University in 1982, and split from it in 1992.
In July 1992, the Turkish government decided to build 22 universities nationwide, including Kocaeli University. Before the 1999 İzmit earthquake, which can be regarded as the turning point for the rebirth of the university, Kocaeli University had approximately 20,000 students, 1,150 educational staff and a campus of 650,000 square meters. Kocaeli University lost nearly 75% of its physical structure in the earthquake, but its prior expansion site Arslanbey Campus rapidly compensated for the university's losses. The university moved to Umuttepe Campus in 2004.
Kocaeli University's central Umuttepe Campus is located just outside Izmit in the region of Kocaeli, the most heavily industrialized region of Turkey. Most of its faculties are on this campus, except the Faculty of Fine Arts, the Faculty of Architecture & Design, the Faculty of Dentistry, and the Faculty of Animal Husbandry.
Istanbul is only away, and it's secondary international airport was developed on a site from Izmit, making the university much more accessible in recent years. Since Kocaeli is a near neighbor of Istanbul
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20Gewirtz
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Russell Gewirtz (born 1967 in Great Neck, New York) is an American screenwriter, best known for writing the screenplay for Spike Lee's 2006 film Inside Man.
Life and career
Gewirtz attended Trinity School in New York City before earning a degree in computer science from Tufts University. He then attended Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in Manhattan, and because "one law degree wasn't enough," he earned an LL.M. in Taxation from the NYU School of Law.
"I don't carry a business card. But if I did, it would say Esq., B.A., J.D., LL.M. after my name." Gewirtz spent his summers at Camp Swago in Damascus, Pennsylvania.
After passing the bar exam, Gewirtz went to work for his father running a small chain of clothing stores. After brokering a lucrative real estate deal in 1999, he left New York for several years and spent time in France and Brazil. It was at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival that he originally pitched the idea for Inside Man to Daniel Rosenberg and became a Hollywood screenwriter.
He wrote two episodes for TV series Blind Justice in 2005, after penning Inside Man.
Gewirtz's second screenplay was Righteous Kill, a thriller starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro, which received mainly negative reviews. and grossed $78.4 million. While he was resolute that the script he penned was every bit as good as Inside Man, if not better, Gewirtz blamed director Jon Avnet for the film's failure. "Not only was he arrogant and misguided in his faith in his storytelling ability, bu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical%20grammar
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In computer science, a lexical grammar or lexical structure is a formal grammar defining the syntax of tokens. The program is written using characters that are defined by the lexical structure of the language used. The character set is equivalent to the alphabet used by any written language. The lexical grammar lays down the rules governing how a character sequence is divided up into subsequences of characters, each part of which represents an individual token. This is frequently defined in terms of regular expressions.
For instance, the lexical grammar for many programming languages specifies that a string literal starts with a character and continues until a matching is found (escaping makes this more complicated), that an identifier is an alphanumeric sequence (letters and digits, usually also allowing underscores, and disallowing initial digits), and that an integer literal is a sequence of digits. So in the following character sequence the tokens are string, identifier and number (plus whitespace tokens) because the space character terminates the sequence of characters forming the identifier. Further, certain sequences are categorized as keywords – these generally have the same form as identifiers (usually alphabetical words), but are categorized separately; formally they have a different token type.
Examples
Regular expressions for common lexical rules follow (for example, C).
Unescaped string literal (quote, followed by non-quotes, ending in a quote):
"[^"]*"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Beams
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Jesse Wakefield Beams (December 25, 1898 in Belle Plaine, Kansas – July 23, 1977) was an American physicist at the University of Virginia.
Biography
Beams completed his undergraduate B.A. in physics at Fairmount College in 1921 and his master's degree the next year at the University of Wisconsin. He spent most of his academic career at the University of Virginia, where he received his Ph.D. in physics in 1925. He spent the next three years in a physics fellowship at Yale University, where he performed research on the photoelectric effect with Ernest Lawrence. Beams was appointed a professor of physics at the University of Virginia in 1929 and was chair of the department from 1948 to 1962. During World War II, he worked on the Manhattan Project, where his ultracentrifuge was used to demonstrate the separation of the lighter uranium isotope U-235 from other isotopes. Officials in charge of the atomic bomb project concluded, however, that Beams's centrifuges were not as likely as other methods to produce enough highly enriched uranium for a bomb in the time available, and the centrifuge program was abandoned. After World War II, centrifuge separation of uranium isotopes was perfected by German scientists and engineers working in the Soviet Union. In 1953 Beams was appointed the Francis H. Smith Professor of Physics at the University of Virginia. Beams was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1967 for his work on the ultracentrifuge. He retired from the university in 1969.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign%20%28mathematics%29
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In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0.
In some contexts, it makes sense to consider a signed zero (such as floating-point representations of real numbers within computers).
Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as being neither positive nor negative (having no sign or a unique third sign), or it may be considered both positive and negative (having both signs). Whenever not specifically mentioned, this article adheres to the first convention (zero having undefined sign).
In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with the generation of the additive inverse (negation, or multiplication by −1) of any object that allows for this construction, and is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.
The word "sign" is also often used to indicate other binary aspects of mathematical objects that resemble positivity and negativity, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in below.
Sign of a number
Numbers from various number systems, like integers, rationals, complex numbers, quaternions, octonions, ... may have multiple attributes, that fix certain properties of a number. A number system that bears the structure of an ordered ring contains a unique num
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher%20spin%20alternating%20sign%20matrix
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In mathematics, a higher spin alternating sign matrix is a generalisation of the alternating sign matrix (ASM), where the columns and rows sum to an integer r (the spin) rather than simply summing to 1 as in the usual alternating sign matrix definition. HSASMs are square matrices whose elements may be integers in the range −r to +r. When traversing any row or column of an ASM or HSASM, the partial sum of its entries must always be non-negative.
High spin ASMs have found application in statistical mechanics and physics, where they have been found to represent symmetry groups in ice crystal formation.
Some typical examples of HSASMs are shown below:
The set of HSASMs is a superset of the ASMs. The extreme points of the convex hull of the set of r-spin HSASMs are themselves integer multiples of the usual ASMs.
References
Matrices
Statistical mechanics
Enumerative combinatorics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%20counter
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A people counter is an electronic device that is used to measure the number of people traversing a certain passage or entrance. Examples include simple manual clickers, smart-flooring technologies, infrared beams, thermal imaging systems, WiFi trackers and video counters using advanced machine learning algorithms. They are commonly used by retail establishments to judge the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, building design and layout, and the popularity of particular brands.
Industries
Retail stores
Conversion rate: People counting systems in the retail environment are used to calculate the conversion rate, which is the percentage of total visitors versus the number that make purchases.
Marketing effectiveness: Shopping mall marketing professionals rely on visitor statistics to measure the effectiveness of the current marketing campaign. Often, shopping mall owners measure marketing effectiveness with the same conversion rate as retail stores.
Staff planning: Retailers can use the different business metrics in order to determine their staffing allocation. Accurate visitor counting is also useful for optimizing staff shifts. Staff requirements are often directly related to the density of visitor traffic, and services such as cleaning and maintenance are typically undertaken when traffic is at its lowest.
Shopping malls
Monitoring of high-traffic areas: Shopping centers use people counters to measure the number of visitors in a given area. People counters also assist i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20F.%20Traub
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Joseph Frederick Traub (June 24, 1932 – August 24, 2015) was an American computer scientist. He was the Edwin Howard Armstrong Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University and External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He held positions at Bell Laboratories, University of Washington, Carnegie Mellon, and Columbia, as well as sabbatical positions at Stanford, Berkeley, Princeton, California Institute of Technology, and Technical University, Munich.
Traub was the author or editor of ten monographs and some 120 papers in computer science, mathematics, physics, finance, and economics. In 1959 he began his work on optimal iteration theory culminating in his 1964 monograph, Iterative Methods for the Solution of Equations. Subsequently, he pioneered work with Henryk Woźniakowski on computational complexity applied to continuous scientific problems (information-based complexity). He collaborated in creating significant new algorithms including the Jenkins-Traub Algorithm for Polynomial Zeros, as well as the Shaw-Traub, Kung-Traub, and Brent-Traub algorithms. One of his research areas was continuous quantum computing. As of November 10, 2015, his works have been cited 8500 times, and he has an h-index of 35.
From 1971 to 1979 Traub headed the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon during a critical period. From 1979 to 1989 he was the founding Chair of the Computer Science Department at Columbia. From 1986 to 1992 he served as founding Chair of the Computer Scien
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generating%20function%20%28physics%29
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In physics, and more specifically in Hamiltonian mechanics, a generating function is, loosely, a function whose partial derivatives generate the differential equations that determine a system's dynamics. Common examples are the partition function of statistical mechanics, the Hamiltonian, and the function which acts as a bridge between two sets of canonical variables when performing a canonical transformation.
In canonical transformations
There are four basic generating functions, summarized by the following table:
Example
Sometimes a given Hamiltonian can be turned into one that looks like the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, which is
For example, with the Hamiltonian
where p is the generalized momentum and q is the generalized coordinate, a good canonical transformation to choose would be
This turns the Hamiltonian into
which is in the form of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian.
The generating function F for this transformation is of the third kind,
To find F explicitly, use the equation for its derivative from the table above,
and substitute the expression for P from equation (), expressed in terms of p and Q:
Integrating this with respect to Q results in an equation for the generating function of the transformation given by equation ():
{|cellpadding="2" style="border:2px solid #ccccff"
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|}
To confirm that this is the correct generating function, verify that it matches ():
See also
Hamilton–Jacobi equation
Poisson bracket
References
Further reading
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoring%20force
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In physics, the restoring force is a force that acts to bring a body to its equilibrium position. The restoring force is a function only of position of the mass or particle, and it is always directed back toward the equilibrium position of the system. The restoring force is often referred to in simple harmonic motion. The force responsible for restoring original size and shape is called the restoring force.
An example is the action of a spring. An idealized spring exerts a force proportional to the amount of deformation of the spring from its equilibrium length, exerted in a direction oppose the deformation. Pulling the spring to a greater length causes it to exert a force that brings the spring back toward its equilibrium length. The amount of force can be determined by multiplying the spring constant, characteristic of the spring, by the amount of stretch, also known as Hooke's Law.
Another example is of a pendulum. When a pendulum is not swinging all the forces acting on it are in equilibrium. The force due to gravity and the mass of the object at the end of the pendulum is equal to the tension in the string holding the object up. When a pendulum is put in motion, the place of equilibrium is at the bottom of the swing, the location where the pendulum rests. When the pendulum is at the top of its swing the force returning the pendulum to this midpoint is gravity. As a result, gravity may be seen as a restoring force.
See also
Response amplitude operator
References
Fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taisei%20Corporation
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is a Japanese corporation founded in 1873. Its main areas of business are building construction, civil engineering, and real estate development. Taisei's headquarters are located at Shinjuku Center Building in Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo.
Taisei has 15 branch offices, 1 technology center, 46 domestic offices, 12 overseas offices, 29 consolidated subsidiaries and 43 affiliated companies accounted for by the equity-method.
Overview
Taisei Corporation is one of the five so called Japanese , the other four being Kajima Corporation, Shimizu Corporation, Takenaka Corporation and Obayashi Corporation. Taisei Corporation has its roots in Okura established by Baron Ōkura Kihachirō (大倉 喜八郎). Following the dissolution of the zaibatsu after World War II, Taisei was restructured as an employee-owned corporation and is currently the only employee-owned Japanese large scale general contractor among the "super general contractors"; the other four are owned and controlled by families.
Taisei has successfully constructed several civil and building projects including skyscrapers, dams, bridges, tunnels, subways as well as residential housing projects both in Japan and overseas. Taisei is also well known in Japan for its disaster resistant housing brand .
Noted international projects where Taisei was involved include the expansion of the Palm Islands undersea tunnel in Dubai, the Bosphorus undersea tunnel in Turkey, the New Doha International Airport in Qatar, the Noi Bai International
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macdonald%20Campus
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The Macdonald Campus of McGill University (commonly referred to as the 'Mac Campus' or simply 'Mac') houses McGill's Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (FAES), which includes the Institute of Parasitology, the School of Human Nutrition and the McGill School of Environment. It is located in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, in the West Island region of the Island of Montreal. The property is also the home of John Abbott College.
History
Construction began in 1905, and the school opened its doors to students in 1907 as the Macdonald College of McGill University. Planned and funded completely by Sir William Macdonald, who also provided a $2 million operating endowment, it was designed by architects Alexander Cowper Hutchison and George W. Wood.
James Wilson Robertson served as its first principal, and oversaw its construction and hired its first staff. Robertson eventually came into conflict with Macdonald and following budgetary restrictions in 1909, resigned from this position in 1910.
Several buildings on the downtown McGill campus were also funded by Sir William Macdonald and designed by the Montreal-based architect Andrew Taylor, including the Macdonald Physics Building (1893), Redpath Library (1893), Macdonald Engineering Building (1907), and the Strathcona Medical Building (1907)—since renamed the Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building.
Far surpassing the Ontario Agricultural College, Macdonald College was the largest in Canada and in its day was o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnstile%20%28symbol%29
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In mathematical logic and computer science the symbol ⊢ () has taken the name turnstile because of its resemblance to a typical turnstile if viewed from above. It is also referred to as tee and is often read as "yields", "proves", "satisfies" or "entails".
Interpretations
The turnstile represents a binary relation. It has several different interpretations in different contexts:
In epistemology, Per Martin-Löf (1996) analyzes the symbol thus: "...[T]he combination of Frege's , judgement stroke [ | ], and , content stroke [—], came to be called the assertion sign." Frege's notation for a judgement of some content
can then be read
I know is true.
In the same vein, a conditional assertion
can be read as:
From , I know that
In metalogic, the study of formal languages; the turnstile represents syntactic consequence (or "derivability"). This is to say, that it shows that one string can be derived from another in a single step, according to the transformation rules (i.e. the syntax) of some given formal system. As such, the expression
means that is derivable from in the system.
Consistent with its use for derivability, a "⊢" followed by an expression without anything preceding it denotes a theorem, which is to say that the expression can be derived from the rules using an empty set of axioms. As such, the expression
means that is a theorem in the system.
In proof theory, the turnstile is used to denote "provability" or "derivability". For example, if is a formal th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill%20University%20Faculty%20of%20Science
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The Faculty of Science is one of eleven faculties at McGill University in Montréal, Québec, Canada. With roots tracing back to 1843, the Faculty currently offers several undergraduate and graduate programs ranging from Earth Sciences to Mathematics to Neuroscience. Notable alumni of the Faculty of Science include several astronauts and Nobel Prize winners.
On July 1, 2015, Bruce Lennox began his term as the Faculty’s Dean of Science. Lennox was re-appointed for a second term in 2019. As Dean of Science, Lennox works alongside a Vice-Dean and four Associate Deans. Each Associate Dean is responsible for a specific administrative area, including Academics, Student Affairs, Graduate Education and Research.
The Faculty of Science offers approximately 200 scholarships each year for its undergraduate students. Most of these prizes are based on academic excellence. Graduate students are also eligible for a variety of science fellowships. The Faculty regularly recognizes the contributions of Faculty and Staff through several excellence-based awards.
The Faculty of Science provides its students with opportunities to complete research. Qualified and interested undergraduate students can participate in and receive credits for research by completing an independent research project under the guidance of a McGill Professor. Students enrolled in the Faculty of Science can also access the Research and Innovation Office, which aims to promote interdisciplinary and entrepreneurial scientific
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellairs%20Research%20Institute
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The Bellairs Research Institute, located on the Caribbean island of Barbados, was founded in 1954 as a marine biology field-station for McGill University. The main campus of McGill University is in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Bellairs was initial funding was from a bequest by British naval commander, Carlyon Bellairs, for whom the institute is named. The institute is used by both undergraduate and graduate students in a range of subjects, including marine science, geography, economics, engineering and international development studies.
Bellairs hosts numerous McGill University field-courses and workshops throughout the year, including Applied Tropical Ecology, Geography, and the Barbados Field Study Semester (BFSS). Bellairs also holds annual field courses from other universities from around the world including the University of Toronto (marine biology) and Western Michigan University (archeology).
Location
Bellairs is located just north of the historic town of Holetown, in the parish of St. James, on the west coast of the Barbados. The facility is situated between the Folkestone Marine Park and Museum, to the south and the Coral Reef Club hotel to the north.
The shallow coral reef, and calm and clear water found on the west coast of Barbados, make Bellairs ideally suited to marine research. The fringing reef adjacent to the research institute is known as Folkestone Reef, although researchers at the institute typically refer to the two flame-shaped formations as North and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redpath%20Museum
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The Redpath Museum is a museum of natural history belonging to McGill University and located on the university's campus on Sherbrooke Street West in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1882 as a gift from the sugar baron Peter Redpath.
It houses collections of interest to ethnology, biology, paleontology, and mineralogy/geology. The collections were started by some of the same individuals who founded the Smithsonian and Royal Ontario Museum collections. The current director is Hans Larsson. Commissioned by Redpath to mark the 25th anniversary of Sir John William Dawson's appointment as Principal, the Museum was designed by A.C. Hutchison and A.D. Steele. McGill University's Redpath Museum website characterizes it as an "idiosyncratic expression of eclectic Victorian Classicism" as well as "an unusual and late example of the Greek Revival in North America."
It is the oldest building built specifically to be a museum in Canada. Both the museum's interior and exterior have been utilized as a set, for movies and commercials.
Collections
Geology (mineralogy)
Five collections, containing approximately 16,000 specimens from all over the world, are identified by their initial letters:
'D' Doell collection for Dr Donald Doell, a physician who contributed many of the more recent materials in the collection.
'F' Ferrier collection for Walter Frederick Ferrier, famous mining engineer who contributed this pre-eminent collection of minerals from many classic locations.
'J' Jeffre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliophorus%20psittacinus
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Gliophorus psittacinus, commonly known as the parrot toadstool or parrot waxcap, is a colourful member of the genus Gliophorus, found across Northern Europe. It was formerly known as Hygrocybe psittacina, but a molecular phylogenetics study found it to belong in the genus Gliophorus. It had already been placed in Gliophorus, but it had been considered a synonym of Hygrocybe.
Description
The parrot toadstool is a small mushroom, with a convex to umbonate cap up to in diameter, which is green when young and later yellowish or even pinkish tinged. The stipe, measuring in length and 3–5 mm in width, is green to greenish yellow. The broad adnate gills are greenish with yellow edges and spore print white. The green colouring persists at the stem apex even in old specimens. The spores are white, elliptical, smooth and inamyloid.
Its odour and taste are mild. There are no known chemical tests.
It fruits late summer to autumn (September to November).
Distribution and habitat
Gliophorus psittacinus is widely distributed in grasslands in western Europe, United Kingdom, Iceland, Greenland, the Americas, South Africa, Japan, being found in late summer and autumn. In Europe it is apparently in decline due to the degradation of habitats. Early Australian records of this form have been found to be the similar green toadstools Gliophorus graminicolor or G. viridis on reexamination. Gliophorus psittacinus is known to occur at one site in the Lane Cove River valley near Sydney.
Edibilit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFC%20%28cipher%29
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In cryptography, DFC (Decorrelated Fast Cipher) is a symmetric block cipher which was
created in 1998 by a group of researchers from École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, and France Télécom (including Jacques Stern and Serge Vaudenay) and submitted to the AES competition.
Like other AES candidates, DFC operates on blocks of 128 bits, using a key of 128, 192, or 256 bits. It uses an 8-round Feistel network. The round function uses a single 6×32-bit S-box, as well as an affine transformation mod 264+13. DFC can actually use a key of any size up to 256 bits; the key schedule uses another 4-round Feistel network to generate a 1024-bit "expanded key". The arbitrary constants, including all entries of the S-box, are derived using the binary expansion of e as a source of "nothing up my sleeve numbers".
Soon after DFC's publication, Ian Harvey raised the concern that reduction modulo a 65-bit number was beyond the native capabilities of most platforms, and that careful implementation would be required to protect against side-channel attacks, especially timing attacks. Although DFC was designed using Vaudenay's decorrelation theory to be provably secure against ordinary differential and linear cryptanalysis, in 1999 Lars Knudsen and Vincent Rijmen presented a differential chosen-ciphertext attack that breaks 6 rounds faster than exhaustive search.
In 2000, Vaudenay, et al. presented an updated version of the algorithm, called DFCv2. This variant allows for more choice in the cipher's par
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Juola
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Patrick Juola is an internationally noted expert in text analysis, security, forensics, and stylometry. He is a professor of computer science at Duquesne University. As a faculty member at Duquesne University, he has authored two books and more than 100 scientific publications as well as generated more than two million dollars in Federal research grant funding. He works in the field of computer linguistics and computer security currently serving as Director of Research at Juola & Associates and Principal of the Evaluating Variations in Language Laboratory. He is credited with co-creating the original biometric word list. Juola has also created a Java-based open source authorship attribution suite JGAAP, Java Graphical Authorship Attribution Program, with several students at Duquesne University including David Berdik, Sean Vinsick, Amanda Kroft, and Michael Ryan.
Patrick Juola is the author of Principles of Computer Organization and Assembly Language, a textbook on computer organization and assembly language, published through Prentice-Hall. He also wrote Authorship Attribution, a survey and technical monograph on authorship attribution, the process of inferring the author or author's characteristics from the text of a document, published through NOW Publishers.
Patrick Juola was instrumental in identifying J.K. Rowling as the author of The Cuckoo's Calling.
He was born in 1966 in Renton, Washington. Juola attended the Johns Hopkins University, and received his Ph.D. fr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Nelson
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Frederick Nelson (1932 – January 7, 2009) was professor emeritus of mechanical engineering at Tufts University School of Engineering in Medford, Massachusetts, USA. His areas of professional interest included acoustics, vibration, shock (mechanics) and rotordynamics. He wrote or co-authored more than 50 articles in professional publications. He wrote a monograph entitled An Introduction to Rotordynamics which was published posthumously by SAVIAC. Professor Nelson graduated from the Tufts College of Engineering in 1954 and received his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Harvard University in 1961. He joined the Tufts faculty in 1955. He was Dean of the College of Engineering from 1980 to 1994.
Professor Nelson was a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a past associate editor of Applied Mechanics Review.
References
Selected publications
"A Review of the Origins and Current Status of Rotor Dynamics" presented at IFToMM 2002, Sydney, Australia.
"A Review of Vibration Control Methods" with D.S. Nokes, presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Vibration Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.
"Rotor Dynamics: Critical Speeds", published in Sound and Vibration, May 2002.
"Rotor Dynamics: Instabilities" published in Sound and Vibration, September 2002.
"A Brief History of Early Rotor Dynamics" published in Sound and Vibration, June 2003.
"Rotordyn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Alembert%E2%80%93Euler%20condition
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In mathematics and physics, especially the study of mechanics and fluid dynamics, the d'Alembert-Euler condition is a requirement that the streaklines of a flow are irrotational. Let x = x(X,t) be the coordinates of the point x into which X is carried at time t by a (fluid) flow. Let be the second material derivative of x. Then the d'Alembert-Euler condition is:
The d'Alembert-Euler condition is named for Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Leonhard Euler who independently first described its use in the mid-18th century. It is not to be confused with the Cauchy–Riemann conditions.
References
See sections 45–48.
d'Alembert–Euler conditions on the Springer Encyclopedia of Mathematics
Fluid mechanics
Mechanical engineering
Vector calculus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form%20factor%20%28electronics%29
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In electronics or electrical engineering the form factor of an alternating current waveform (signal) is the ratio of the RMS (root mean square) value to the average value (mathematical mean of absolute values of all points on the waveform). It identifies the ratio of the direct current of equal power relative to the given alternating current. The former can also be defined as the direct current that will produce equivalent heat.
Calculating the form factor
For an ideal, continuous wave function over time T, the RMS can be calculated in integral form:
The rectified average is then the mean of the integral of the function's absolute value:
The quotient of these two values is the form factor, , or in unambiguous situations, .
reflects the variation in the function's distance from the average, and is disproportionately impacted by large deviations from the unrectified average value.
It will always be at least as large as , which only measures the absolute distance from said average. The form factor thus cannot be smaller than 1 (a square wave where all momentary values are equally far above or below the average value; see below), and has no theoretical upper limit for functions with sufficient deviation.
can be used for combining signals of different frequencies (for example, for harmonics), while for the same frequency, .
As ARV's on the same domain can be summed as
,
the form factor of a complex wave composed of multiple waves of the same frequency can sometimes be c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Chu
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Steven Chu (born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist and former government official. He is a Nobel laureate and was the 12th U.S. secretary of energy. He is currently the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University. He is known for his research at the University of California, Berkeley, and his research at Bell Laboratories and Stanford University regarding the cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, for which he shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.
Chu served as U.S. Secretary of Energy under the administration of President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. At the time of his appointment as Energy Secretary, Chu was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research was concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level. Chu resigned as energy secretary on April 22, 2013. He returned to Stanford as Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular & Cellular Physiology.
Chu is a vocal advocate for more research into renewable energy and nuclear power, arguing that a shift away from fossil fuels is essential to combating climate change. He has conceived of a global "glucose economy", a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped aroun
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSRM%20College%20of%20Engineering
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K.S.R.M. College of Engineering (Kandula Srinivasa Reddy Memorial College of Engineering, autonomous) is an engineering institute in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located within the Kadapa city of Andhra Pradesh and affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapuramu.
Programs offered
B.Tech:
Civil Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electronics &Communication & Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
M.Tech:
Civil Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering)
Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Power Systems)
ECE (Digital Communications)
Mechanical.Engineering (CAD/CAM)
References
External links
Official college site
M.C.A Golden Batch
Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Kadapa district
Kadapa
Universities and colleges established in 1979
1979 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Martin
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Raymond Martin may refer to:
Raymond Martin (academic) (1926–2020), Australian chemistry professor and university administrator
Raymond Martin (wheelchair athlete) (born 1992), American wheelchair racer
Raymond Martin (canoeist) (born 1960), Australian sprint canoeist
Raymond Martin (cyclist) (born 1949), French former road bicycle racer
See also
Ramón Martí, 13th-century friar and theologian
Ray Martin (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se%20Assiga%20Ahanda
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Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda (c. 1941 – February 1, 2014) was a Cameroonian novelist, chemist, and paramount chief of the Ewondo and Bene people. Early in life, Ahanda worked for the Chemistry Department of the University of Yaoundé. She later moved to the Republic of the Congo with her husband, Jean Baptiste Assiga Ahanda, and took to writing. When they returned to Cameroon, Ahanda became an elected delegate in the National Assembly of Cameroon, a position she held from 1983 to 1988. Ahanda became the Ewondo paramount chief in 1999. In December 2000, she began renovating her father's palace at Efoulan, Yaoundé, a project that cost an estimated 150,000,000 francs CFA. Ahanda is the daughter of Charles Atangana—paramount chief of the Ewondo and Bene peoples under the German and French colonial regimes—by his second wife, Julienne Ngonoa.
Early life and education
Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda (born Marie-Thérèse Atangana) was raised as a princess alongside her brother, prince René Grégoire Atangana, in Yaoundé, Cameroon. She also had one half sister, Catherine Edzimbi Atangana, and one half brother, Jean Ndengue Atangana. Both of her half-siblings were from her father's first marriage to Marie Biloa, and they were born around forty years before she was. She was the daughter of Julienne (Yuliana) Ngonoa and Charles Antangana, the paramount chief of the Ewondo and Bene people.
Ahanda's father, Charles Atangana, also known as Ntsama Atangana (birth name) or Karl Atangana (German n
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20Interface
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The Journal of the Royal Society Interface is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the interface between the life sciences and the physical sciences, including chemistry, engineering, materials science, mathematics, and physics. The editor-in-chief is Richard Cogdell (University of Glasgow). The journal was established in 2004 and is published by the Royal Society.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Chemical Abstracts Service, Science Citation Index, BIOSIS Previews, Current Contents/Life Sciences, The Zoological Record, Scopus, and Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed.
References
External links
Hybrid open access journals
Academic journals established in 2004
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Multidisciplinary scientific journals
2004 establishments in the United Kingdom
Royal Society academic journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HaeIII
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HaeIII is one of many restriction enzymes (endonucleases) a type of prokaryotic DNA that protects organisms from unknown, foreign DNA. It is a restriction enzyme used in molecular biology laboratories. It was the third endonuclease to be isolated from the Haemophilus aegyptius bacteria. The enzyme's recognition site—the place where it cuts DNA molecules—is the GGCC nucleotide sequence which means it cleaves DNA at the site 5′-GG/CC-3. The recognition site is usually around 4-8 bps.This enzyme's gene has been sequenced and cloned. This is done to make DNA fragments in blunt ends. HaeIII is not effective for single stranded DNA cleavage.
Properties
HaeIII has a molecular weight of 37126. After a 2-10-fold of HaeIII takes place, there is overdigestion of a DNA substrate. This results in 100% being cut, more than 50% of fragments being ligated, and more than 95% being recut. Heat inactivation comes at about 80 °C for 20 minutes. The locus of the HaeIII enzyme is on AF05137, and is linear with 957 base pairs.
History
HaeIII along with other restriction enzymes were discovered in 1970 by Werner Arber and Matthew Meselson. The HaeIII methyltransferase also known as MTase gene from Haemophilus aegyptius (recognition sequence: 5′-GGCC-3′) was made into Escherichia coli (E.coli) in the plasmid vector pBR322. The gene was extracted from a single EcoRI fragment and a single HindIII enzyme fragment. Clones carrying additional adjacent fragments were found to code for the HaeIII restrict
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20George%20%28biologist%29
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Dr. Anne George is a Professor of Oral Biology at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry and holds the Allan G. Brodie Endowed Professorship, and she also is an adjunct professor in the Department of Cell and Anatomy and the Department of Engineering at the University of Illinois Medical School. She has been a faculty member at Northwestern University in Chicago, where she was given a Teaching Excellence Award in 1999.
George is a leading researcher on the subject of identification and characterization of acidic proteins involved in dentin mineralization. In vertebrates, bone, teeth, and cementum are the principal mineralized tissues. She also is a leading researcher on dentin matrix proteins and is working on cloning phosphophoryn genes, the most abundant non-collagenous extracellular component in dentin, and on synthesizing protein-based templates for bone and dentin regeneration.
George earned her M.Sc. in organic chemistry from the University of Saurashtra, India, in 1978; her Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Madras, India, in 1983; and was a postdoctoral research fellow at Northwestern University from 1988 to 1993. Her postdoctoral work at Northwestern was in connective tissue biology.
She holds a patent on fibrous protein fusions and use thereof in the formation of advanced organic/inorganic composite materials. George has made more than 100 scientific meeting presentations and invited lectures around the world and had published
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane%20Fellbaum
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Christiane D. Fellbaum is an American linguist and computational linguistics researcher who is Lecturer with Rank of Professor in the Program in Linguistics and the Computer Science Department at Princeton University. The co-developer of the WordNet project, she is also its current director.
Biography
Fellbaum received a Ph.D. from Princeton University in linguistics in 1980 and later joined Princeton's Cognitive Science Laboratory, working with George Armitage Miller. Together with Miller and his team, she was a creator of WordNet, a large lexical database that serves as a widely used resource in computational linguistics and natural language processing. Many researchers have since built upon her work, including AI researcher Fei-Fei Li, the inventor of ImageNet, which was inspired by a 2006 conversation with Fellbaum as well as by the name and design of the original WordNet.
She is a founder and president of the Global WordNet Association, which guides the construction of lexical databases in many languages. She is a site coordinator of the North American Computational Linguistics Open competition. Her research focuses on lexical semantics, the syntax-semantics interface, and computational linguistics.
Awards and honors
In 2001, Fellbaum was one of fourteen scientists to receive the Wolfgang-Paul Prize of the Humboldt Foundation. She used her award money (1.53 million Euros) to construct an electronic database of German idioms ('Kollokationen im Wörterbuch'), a three-ye
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymetal
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In chemistry or mining, polymetal or polymetallic is a substance composed of a combination of different metals. When the substance contains only two metals the term bimetal (bimetallic) is sometimes preferred. A (or ) is an ore that is the source of more than one metal suitable for recovery. A mine containing polymetallic ore is a . Concretions of manganese and iron (and other metals) found on the ocean floor are called s. They are sometimes called manganese nodules, after their principal component.
See also
References
Metals
Mining
Ore deposits
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESH%20%28cipher%29
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In cryptography, MESH is a block cipher designed in 2002 by Jorge Nakahara, Jr., Vincent Rijmen, Bart Preneel, and Joos Vandewalle. MESH is based directly on IDEA and uses the same basic operations.
MESH is actually a family of 3 variant ciphers with block sizes of 64, 96, and 128 bits. The key size is twice the block size. The number of rounds is 8.5, 10.5, or 12.5, depending on the block size. The algorithm uses a Lai–Massey scheme based on IDEA's, but with a larger round structure, or "MA-box". MESH also has a more complex key schedule than IDEA, intended to prevent weak keys and other insecure patterns in subkeys.
References
Block ciphers
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