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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20flatness
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Spectral flatness or tonality coefficient, also known as Wiener entropy, is a measure used in digital signal processing to characterize an audio spectrum. Spectral flatness is typically measured in decibels, and provides a way to quantify how much a sound resembles a pure tone, as opposed to being noise-like.
The meaning of tonal in this context is in the sense of the amount of peaks or resonant structure in a power spectrum, as opposed to flat spectrum of a white noise. A high spectral flatness (approaching 1.0 for white noise) indicates that the spectrum has a similar amount of power in all spectral bands — this would sound similar to white noise, and the graph of the spectrum would appear relatively flat and smooth. A low spectral flatness (approaching 0.0 for a pure tone) indicates that the spectral power is concentrated in a relatively small number of bands — this would typically sound like a mixture of sine waves, and the spectrum would appear "spiky".
The spectral flatness is calculated by dividing the geometric mean of the power spectrum by the arithmetic mean of the power spectrum, i.e.:
where x(n) represents the magnitude of bin number n. Note that a single (or more) empty bin yields a flatness of 0, so this measure is most useful when bins are generally not empty.
The ratio produced by this calculation is often converted to a decibel scale for reporting, with a maximum of 0 dB and a minimum of −∞ dB.
The spectral flatness can also be measured within a specifie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Lense
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Josef Lense (28 October 1890 in Vienna – 28 December 1985 in Munich) was an Austrian physicist.
In 1914 Lense obtained his doctorate under Samuel Oppenheim. From 1927-28 he was Professor ordinarius and from 1928–1946 Professor extraordinarius for applied mathematics at the Technical University of Munich. From 1946 until 1961 he was director of the mathematical institute of the same university.
Lense, together with Hans Thirring, is known as one of the two discoverers of the Lense-Thirring effect.
Publications
Lense, J. and Thirring, H. Über den Einfluss der Eigenrotation der Zentralkörper auf die Bewegung der Planeten und Monde nach der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie. Physikalische Zeitschrift 19 156-63 (1918) [On the Influence of the Proper Rotation of Central Bodies on the Motions of Planets and Moons According to Einstein's Theory of Gravitation]
Vorlesungen über höhere Mathematik. Leibniz-Verlag 1948 und weitere Auflagen.
Vom Wesen der Mathematik und ihren Grundlagen. Leibniz-Verlag 1949.
Kugelfunktionen. Geest und Portig 1954.
Reihenentwicklungen in der mathematischen Physik. Verlag de Gruyter 1947, weitere Auflage 1953.
Analytische projektive Geometrie. 1965.
Austrian relativity theorists
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
1890 births
1985 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20G.%20Compton
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Richard Guy Compton FRSC MAE (born 10 March 1955 in Scunthorpe, UK) is Professor of Chemistry and Aldrichian Praelector at Oxford University, United Kingdom. He is a Tutorial Fellow of St John’s College, Oxford and has a large research group based at the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory at Oxford University. Compton has broad interests in both fundamental and applied electrochemistry and electro-analysis including nano-chemical aspects. He has published more than 1600 papers (h-index = 102) with more than 44,000 citations, excluding self-cites, as of March 2020; Reuters-Thomson ‘Highly Cited Researcher’ 2014, 2015 and 2016) and 7 books (see list below).
Patents have been filed on 25 different topics including novel pH sensors, gas sensing and the detection of garlic strength and chilli heat in foodstuffs. The Senova pHit Scanner based on Compton group patents - the world’s first calibration-free pH meter - won the 'best new product' award at PITTCON March 2013.
Richard Compton has been CAS Visiting Professor at the Institute of Physical Sciences, Hefei and is a Lifelong Honorary Professor at Sichuan University. He holds Honorary Doctorates from the Estonian Agricultural University and Kharkov National University of Radio-electronics (Ukraine) and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, of IUPAC and of the International Society of Electrochemistry. He received the Royal Society of Chemistry's Sir George Stokes Award in 2011, and their Robert Boyle Prize
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl-Gunne%20F%C3%A4lthammar
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Carl-Gunne Fälthammar (born 4 December 1931, Markaryd, Sweden) is Professor Emeritus at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, specialising in space and plasma physics in the School of Electrical Engineering. He succeeded Hannes Alfvén as Professor of Plasma Physics in 1975.
His research interests include plasma electrodynamics, with application to space and astrophysical plasmas, especially in the context of auroral and magnetospheric physics. He is also the Associate Editor of the journal Astrophysics and Space Science.
Education
In 1956 he earned the Swedish equivalent to a master's degree (civilingenjör), and in 1960 the equivalent of a Ph.D. (Tekn. lic.), and in 1966 the position of Docent (approximately assistant professor), all from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
Career
From July 1967 until June 1997, Fälthammar headed the Division of Plasma Physics of the Alfvén Laboratory. In 1969, he became Associate Professor of Plasma Physics at the Royal Institute of Technology, and in 1975, succeeded Hannes Alfvén as Professor of Plasma Physics there.
Awards
In 1989, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor's degree by the Faculty of Science of the University of Oulu, Finland. He is also a recipient of the Golden Badge Award of the European Geophysical Society and the Basic Sciences Award of the International Academy of Astronautics. In 1998 he was awarded the Hannes Alfvén Medal of the European Geophysical Society in recognition of his services a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20punning
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In computer science, a type punning is any programming technique that subverts or circumvents the type system of a programming language in order to achieve an effect that would be difficult or impossible to achieve within the bounds of the formal language.
In C and C++, constructs such as pointer type conversion and union — C++ adds reference type conversion and reinterpret_cast to this list — are provided in order to permit many kinds of type punning, although some kinds are not actually supported by the standard language.
In the Pascal programming language, the use of records with variants may be used to treat a particular data type in more than one manner, or in a manner not normally permitted.
Sockets example
One classic example of type punning is found in the Berkeley sockets interface. The function to bind an opened but uninitialized socket to an IP address is declared as follows:
int bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *my_addr, socklen_t addrlen);
The bind function is usually called as follows:
struct sockaddr_in sa = {0};
int sockfd = ...;
sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
sa.sin_port = htons(port);
bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof sa);
The Berkeley sockets library fundamentally relies on the fact that in C, a pointer to struct sockaddr_in is freely convertible to a pointer to struct sockaddr; and, in addition, that the two structure types share the same memory layout. Therefore, a reference to the structure field my_addr->sin_family (where my_addr is of type
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TKIET
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The Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering & Technology (abbreviated TKIET), (An Autonomous Institute) established in 1983, offers courses in Computer science and engineering, Mechanical engineering, Chemical engineering, Civil engineering and Electronics & Telecommunications engineering in UG and Mechanical engineering, Civil engineering and Electronics & Telecommunication engineering for PG level. TKIET is recognized by the government of Maharashtra, and is approved by the All India Council of Technical Education, New Delhi. It is accredited by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA), New Delhi. In year 2016 the institute was accredited by NAAC 'A' grade with CGPA 3.27 which is highest in Shivaji University. The Institute is affiliated with Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
The TKIET campus is 30 km northwest of Kolhapur city in rural Warananagar. The institute has over 2000 students from across the nation.
History
Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology (TKIET) was established in 1983. The institute is located at Warananagar, 30 km away from Kolhapur a district headquarter and 10 km to the west from Kini-Wathar on Pune-Bangalore National Highway NH-4. TKIET has emerged as one of the leading technological institutes in Western Maharashtra. The institute's lush green campus spreads over 30 acres.
Departments
Courses offered are:
Undergraduate
Computer Science Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Chemical Engin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93von%20Mangoldt%20formula
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In mathematics, the Riemann–von Mangoldt formula, named for Bernhard Riemann and Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt, describes the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function.
The formula states that the number N(T) of zeros of the zeta function with imaginary part greater than 0 and less than or equal to T satisfies
The formula was stated by Riemann in his notable paper "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude" (1859) and was finally proved by Mangoldt in 1905.
Backlund gives an explicit form of the error for all T > 2:
Under the Lindelöf and Riemann hypotheses the error term can be improved to and respectively.
Similarly, for any primitive Dirichlet character χ modulo q, we have
where N(T,χ) denotes the number of zeros of L(s,χ) with imaginary part between -T and T.
Notes
References
Theorems in analytic number theory
Bernhard Riemann
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20candidates%20in%20the%201980%20Canadian%20federal%20election
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There were several independent candidates in the 1980 Canadian federal election, none of whom were elected.
Ontario
Milorad Novich (Broadview—Greenwood)
Novich was a civil engineering technician. He said that he wanted to end "the government's financial support of international communism", and promoted Canadian unity and better housing. He was 42 years old in 1979.
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%E1%B9%ADe%C5%9Bvara-siddh%C4%81nta
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Vaṭeśvara-siddhānta is a mathematical and astronomical treatise by Vaṭeśvara in India in 904. This treatise contains fifteen chapters on astronomy and applied mathematics.
Mathematical exercises are included for students to show their comprehension of the text.
References
K. S. Shukla, "Ancient Indian Mathematical Astronomy Eleven Centuries ago (Vateswara Siddanta of Vateshwaracharya 880 AD)", Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage (IISH)
Indian mathematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20X-wave
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In physics, a nonlinear X-wave (NLX) is a multi-dimensional wave that can travel without distortion.
At variance with X-waves, a nonlinear X-wave does exist in the presence of nonlinearity, and in many cases it self-generates from a Gaussian (in any direction) wave packet.
The distinctive feature of an NLX is its "biconical" shape, (see figure) which appears as an "X" in any section plane containing the wave peak and the direction of propagation.
So far, nonlinear X-waves have been only observed in nonlinear optics experiments, and have been predicted to occur in a variety of nonlinear media including Bose–Einstein condensates.
History
Preliminary experimental results were reported CLEO/QELS conference in 2001
The first article was published in Physical Review Letters in 2003 and reported on the theoretical prediction of the existence of nonlinear X-waves.
The first experimental results also appeared in Physical Review Letters in 2003.
References
External links
VINO The Virtual Institute for Nonlinear Optics is a research collaboration devoted to the investigation of X-waves and conical waves in general.
Nolinear X-waves page at the nlo.phys.uniroma1.it website.
Wave mechanics
Nonlinear optics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acartophthalmidae
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The Acartophthalmidae are a family of very small (1.0-2.5 mm), dark flies with pubescent arista, placed in the order Diptera. All are Holarctic in distribution. Two fossil species are known, with uncertain placement.
Genera
†Acartophthalmites Hennig, 1965
Acartophthalmus Czerny, 1902
Biology
Adults have been found mostly in forests. Larvae have been reared from dead wood and decaying organic material.
References
Brachycera families
Taxa named by Leander Czerny
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20layer
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Transition layer may refer to:
In mathematics, a mathematical approach to finding an accurate approximation to a problem's solution.
In aviation, a region of airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASFB
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ASFB may refer to:
Australian Society for Fish Biology, a scientific organisation based in Australia
ASF Bobo Dioulasso, a football club in Burkina Faso
Aspen Santa Fe Ballet, an American contemporary dance company
All Saved Freak Band, an American Christian rock band
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organocatalysis
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In organic chemistry, organocatalysis is a form of catalysis in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst. This "organocatalyst" consists of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and other nonmetal elements found in organic compounds. Because of their similarity in composition and description, they are often mistaken as a misnomer for enzymes due to their comparable effects on reaction rates and forms of catalysis involved.
Organocatalysts which display secondary amine functionality can be described as performing either enamine catalysis (by forming catalytic quantities of an active enamine nucleophile) or iminium catalysis (by forming catalytic quantities of an activated iminium electrophile). This mechanism is typical for covalent organocatalysis. Covalent binding of substrate normally requires high catalyst loading (for proline-catalysis typically 20–30 mol%).
Noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen-bonding facilitates low catalyst loadings (down to 0.001 mol%).
Organocatalysis offers several advantages. There is no need for metal-based catalysis thus making a contribution to green chemistry. In this context, simple organic acids have been used as catalyst for the modification of cellulose in water on multi-ton scale. When the organocatalyst is chiral an avenue is opened to asymmetric catalysis; for example, the use of proline in aldol reactions is an example of chirality and green chemistry. Organic chemists David MacMillan and Benjamin List were b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer%20analysis
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In computer science, pointer analysis, or points-to analysis, is a static code analysis technique that establishes which pointers, or heap references, can point to which variables, or storage locations. It is often a component of more complex analyses such as escape analysis. A closely related technique is shape analysis.
This is the most common colloquial use of the term. A secondary use has pointer analysis be the collective name for both points-to analysis, defined as above, and alias analysis. Points-to and alias analysis are closely related but not always equivalent problems.
Example
For the following example program, a points-to analysis would compute that the points-to set of p is {x, y}.
int x;
int y;
int* p = unknown() ? &x : &y;
Introduction
As a form of static analysis, fully precise pointer analysis can be shown to be undecidable. Most approaches are sound, but range widely in performance and precision. Many design decisions impact both the precision and performance of an analysis; often (but not always) lower precision yields higher performance. These choices include:
Field sensitivity (also known as structure sensitivity): An analysis can either treat each field of a struct or object separately, or merge them.
Array sensitivity: An array-sensitive pointer analysis models each index in an array separately. Other choices include modelling just the first entry separately and the rest together, or merging all array entries.
Context sensitivity or polyvari
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65%2C537
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65537 is the integer after 65536 and before 65538.
In mathematics
65537 is the largest known prime number of the form (). Therefore, a regular polygon with 65537 sides is constructible with compass and unmarked straightedge. Johann Gustav Hermes gave the first explicit construction of this polygon. In number
theory, primes of this form are known as Fermat primes, named after the mathematician
Pierre de Fermat. The only known prime Fermat numbers are
In 1732, Leonhard Euler found that the next Fermat number is composite:
In 1880, showed that
65537 is also the 17th Jacobsthal–Lucas number, and currently the largest known integer n for which the number is a probable prime.
Applications
65537 is commonly used as a public exponent in the RSA cryptosystem. Because it is the Fermat number with , the common shorthand is "F" or "F4". This value was used in RSA mainly for historical reasons; early raw RSA implementations (without proper padding) were vulnerable to very small exponents, while use of high exponents was computationally expensive with no advantage to security (assuming proper padding).
65537 is also used as the modulus in some Lehmer random number generators, such as the one used by ZX Spectrum, which ensures that any seed value will be coprime to it (vital to ensure the maximum period) while also allowing efficient reduction by the modulus using a bit shift and subtract.
References
Integers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary%20line%20%28mathematics%29
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In complex geometry, an imaginary line is a straight line that only contains one real point. It can be proven that this point is the intersection point with the conjugated line.
It is a special case of an imaginary curve.
An imaginary line is found in the complex projective plane P2(C) where points are represented by three homogeneous coordinates
Boyd Patterson described the lines in this plane:
The locus of points whose coordinates satisfy a homogeneous linear equation with complex coefficients
is a straight line and the line is real or imaginary according as the coefficients of its equation are or are not proportional to three real numbers.
Felix Klein described imaginary geometrical structures: "We will characterize a geometric structure as imaginary if its coordinates are not all real.:
According to Hatton:
The locus of the double points (imaginary) of the overlapping involutions in which an overlapping involution pencil (real) is cut by real transversals is a pair of imaginary straight lines.
Hatton continues,
Hence it follows that an imaginary straight line is determined by an imaginary point, which is a double point of an involution, and a real point, the vertex of the involution pencil.
See also
Conic section
Imaginary number
Imaginary point
Real curve
References
Citations
J.L.S. Hatton (1920) The Theory of the Imaginary in Geometry together with the Trigonometry of the Imaginary, Cambridge University Press via Internet Archive
Felix Klein (1928) Vorl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Starbuck
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William Haynes Starbuck (born in Portland, Indiana on September 20, 1934) graduated from Harvard University (AB Physics, 1956) and the Carnegie Institute of Technology (MSc, 1959; Ph.D. 1964). He is an organizational scientist who has held professorships in social relations (Johns Hopkins, 1966–67), sociology (Cornell, 1967–1971), business administration (Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1974–1984), and management (New York University, 1985–2005).
Major works
"Organizational growth and development." Pages 451-583 in J. G. March (ed.), Handbook of Organizations; Rand McNally, 1965.
"Camping on seesaws: Prescriptions for a self-designing organization," with Bo L. T. Hedberg and Paul C. Nystrom. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1976, 21: 41-65.
Handbook of Organizational Design, two volumes, edited with Paul C. Nystrom; Oxford University Press, 1981.
William H. Starbuck contributed more than one hundred articles to leading scientific journals such as Administrative Science Quarterly, American Sociological Review, Behavioral Science, Journal of Management Studies, Organizational Science etc.
Publications
Andrews P.W.S. (1949), Manufacturing business, Londres: McMillan,
Baumard, P./Starbuck, W.H. (2005): Learning from failures: Why it may not happen, in: Long Range Planning 38 (3), S. 281-298.
Box G.E. P. & Draper N.R. (1969), Evolutionary Operation, New York: Wiley.
Chapin, F.S. (1957), ‘The optimum size of institutions: a theory of the large group’, American Journal of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20cellular%20cognition
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Molecular cellular cognition (MCC) is a branch of neuroscience that involves the study of cognitive processes with approaches that integrate molecular, cellular and behavioral mechanisms. Key goals of MCC studies include the derivation of molecular and cellular explanations of cognitive processes, as well as finding mechanisms and treatments for cognitive disorders.
Although closely connected with behavioral genetics, MCC emphasizes the integration of molecular and cellular explanations of behavior, instead of focusing on the connections between genes and behavior.
Unlike cognitive neuroscience, which historically has focused on the connection between human brain systems and behavior, the field of MCC has used model organisms, such as mice, to study how molecular (i.e. receptor, kinase activation, phosphatase regulation), intra-cellular (i.e. dendritic processes), and inter-cellular processes (i.e. synaptic plasticity; network representations such as place fields) modulate cognitive function.
Methods employed in MCC include (but are not limited to) transgenic organisms (i.e. mice), viral vectors, pharmacology, in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics, in vivo imaging, and behavioral analysis. Modeling has become an essential component of the field because of the complexity of the multilevel data generated.
Scientific roots
The field of MCC has its roots in the pioneering pharmacological studies of the role of NMDA receptor in long-term potentiation and spatia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20distance%20matrix
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In mathematics, a Euclidean distance matrix is an matrix representing the spacing of a set of points in Euclidean space.
For points in -dimensional space , the elements of their Euclidean distance matrix are given by squares of distances between them.
That is
where denotes the Euclidean norm on .
In the context of (not necessarily Euclidean) distance matrices, the entries are usually defined directly as distances, not their squares.
However, in the Euclidean case, squares of distances are used to avoid computing square roots and to simplify relevant theorems and algorithms.
Euclidean distance matrices are closely related to Gram matrices (matrices of dot products, describing norms of vectors and angles between them).
The latter are easily analyzed using methods of linear algebra.
This allows to characterize Euclidean distance matrices and recover the points that realize it.
A realization, if it exists, is unique up to rigid transformations, i.e. distance-preserving transformations of Euclidean space (rotations, reflections, translations).
In practical applications, distances are noisy measurements or come from arbitrary dissimilarity estimates (not necessarily metric).
The goal may be to visualize such data by points in Euclidean space whose distance matrix approximates a given dissimilarity matrix as well as possible — this is known as multidimensional scaling.
Alternatively, given two sets of data already represented by points in Euclidean space, one may ask how s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura%20Automotive%20Systems
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Dura Automotive Systems (or Dura) is an independent designer and manufacturer of automotive components, including control systems, exterior systems and lightweight structural systems. Dura markets its automotive products to every North American, Asian and European Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and many leading Tier 1 automotive suppliers. Dura is headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA with more than 21,000 employees at 41 sites in 15 countries.
Dura was ranked in the 2006 Fortune 1000. Later that year, on October 30, 2006, Dura filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Final determination to delist Dura's common stock and convertible trust preferred securities from NASDAQ was made November 13, 2006.
In December 2009, Dura Automotive Systems was acquired by Lynn Tilton through her New York-based private equity firm Patriarch Partners. In the deal, Dura absorbed Global Automotive Systems of suburban Detroit, also owned by Patriarch Partners, to form a parts supplier with global "sales of $1.6 billion and 10,800 employees in 39 manufacturing operations in 16 countries."
In October 2019, Dura Automotive Systems again filed for bankruptcy.
References
External links
Dura corporate website
Patriarch Partners website
Global Automotive Systems customer website
Auto parts suppliers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Companies based in Oakland County, Michigan
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2006
Companies that fi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow%20matrix
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In mathematics, a hollow matrix may refer to one of several related classes of matrix: a sparse matrix; a matrix with a large block of zeroes; or a matrix with diagonal entries all zero.
Definitions
Sparse
A hollow matrix may be one with "few" non-zero entries: that is, a sparse matrix.
Block of zeroes
A hollow matrix may be a square n × n matrix with an r × s block of zeroes where r + s > n.
Diagonal entries all zero
A hollow matrix may be a square matrix whose diagonal elements are all equal to zero. That is, an n × n matrix A = (aij) is hollow if aij = 0 whenever i = j (i.e. aii = 0 for all i). The most obvious example is the real skew-symmetric matrix. Other examples are the adjacency matrix of a finite simple graph, and a distance matrix or Euclidean distance matrix.
In other words, any square matrix that takes the form
is a hollow matrix, where the symbol denotes an arbitrary entry.
For example,
is a hollow matrix.
Properties
The trace of a hollow matrix is zero.
If A represents a linear map with respect to a fixed basis, then it maps each basis vector e into the complement of the span of e. That is, where .
The Gershgorin circle theorem shows that the moduli of the eigenvalues of a hollow matrix are less or equal to the sum of the moduli of the non-diagonal row entries.
References
Matrices
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20of%20the%20Heart%20%28Mondo%20Rock%20song%29
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"State of the Heart" is a song written by Eric McCusker. In Australia, it is best known for being recorded by Australian rock group Mondo Rock (of whom McCusker was a member); the track was released in October 1980 as the lead single from the band's second studio album, Chemistry (1981), and peaked at number 6 on the Australian Kent Music Report.
Mondo Rock's recording of the song was not a hit outside of Australia. In the United States, "State of the Heart" is best remembered for a recording by Rick Springfield, which peaked at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in 1985. Springfield's version of the song was also a minor hit in Canada and Germany. Springfield performed "State of the Heart" at a Live Aid concert in Philadelphia at JFK Stadium on July 13, 1985.
The song was featured in the 2016 movie, Lion starring Dev Patel and Nicole Kidman.
Background
In 1980 writer Eric McCusker was signed with Warner Chappell to write songs to sell to other people. He joined Mondo Rock the same year but didn't think they'd be interested in the song. In 2015 he explained "I didn’t think Mondo Rock would be interested in a ballad, we were playing fairly full on rockier stuff. Then I played the band the demos and they were like … what’s the matter? You keeping your best songs for other people?"
McCusker added "The solo is pretty much a restating of the melody of the verses with a bit extra. Then Ross did the falsetto singing over the top of it. So the concept of not ha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20Missouri%20alumni
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This is a list of notable alumni of the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri.
Academic
George E. Bates (B.A., M.A.), Professor of Investment Management at the Harvard Business School; editor of the Harvard Business Review
Thomas Curtright (B.S. 1970, M.S. 1970), Professor of Physics at University of Miami
Walter Dandy (B.S. 1907), Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; considered a founding father of modern neurosurgery.
Robert P. Foster (M.A., PhD), President of Northwest Missouri State University (1964–1977)
Robert J. Jones (PhD 1978), Chancellor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and former president at the University of Albany
Uel W. Lamkin (attended), President of Northwest Missouri State University (1921–1945)
Robin Luke (PhD Business Administration and Marketing), Professor and Department Head, Marketing Department, Missouri State University; previously a 1950s pop music singer, best known for the 1958 hit "Susie Darlin'"
Matthew Kroenig (BA), Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service at Georgetown University
John C. McManus (PhD), military historian, author, and professor of military history at the Missouri University of Science and Technology
Francis Joseph Mullin, president of Shimer College
Donald E. Pease (BA 1968, MA 1969), Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Dartmouth College
Mohammad Shahidehpour, Carl Bodine Distinguished Professor and Chairman in the Electrical and Computer Eng
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabolo%20%28disambiguation%29
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A diabolo or diablo is a prop used in juggling.
Diabolo may also refer to:
Diabolo (manga), a 2001 manga set in Japan
The most common air gun pellet, design
The Diabolo project, a railway line serving Brussels Airport
In mathematics, the second polyabolo
Diabolus, the devil
Diabolo (drink), a non-alcoholic mixed drink, popular in France, consisting of a lemonade mixed with a syrup.
Tritone, a musical interval referred to as diabolo
Diabolo, a genus of moths
Diabolo (film), a 1992 Ghanaian film
See also
Devil sticks, a similar juggling prop to the diabolo
Diablo (disambiguation)
Diavolo (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Cogar
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George R. Cogar (born 1932, disappeared 1983) was the head of the UNIVAC 1004 electronic design team code named the "bumblebee project", and later the "barn project", and co-founder of Mohawk Data Sciences Corporation, a Herkimer, N.Y.-based multimillion-dollar business. His most successful invention was the Data Recorder magnetic tape encoder, which was introduced in 1965 and eliminated the need for keypunches and punched cards by direct encoding on tape. He also founded the Cogar Corporation, where he built an intelligent terminal—an early forerunner of the modern personal computer—which he called the Cogar System 4 or Cogar 4. The Cogar 4 became the Singer 1500 after Singer Business Machines acquired Cogar Corporation. In 1976 International Computers Limited (ICL) acquired Singer Business Machines, changing the name of the computer to the ICL 1500.
Disappearance
Cogar was last seen Friday, September 2, 1983, when a private plane, a Britten-Norman Islander, went down somewhere in British Columbia, Canada.
Philanthropy
Cogar and his wife Ann established the Cogar Foundation for the express purpose of awarding grants and scholarships to students of Herkimer County. The Cogar Gallery at Herkimer County Community College is named for them.
Patents
See also
International Computers Limited
List of people who disappeared
MDS 2400
Singer Corporation
References
External links
https://georgecogar.com/
1932 births
Possibly living people
American computer scientists
Missing avi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Oxazolidone
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2-Oxazolidone is a heterocyclic organic compound containing both nitrogen and oxygen in a 5-membered ring.
Oxazolidinones
Evans auxiliaries
Oxazolidinones are a class of compounds containing 2-oxazolidone in the structure. In chemistry, they are useful as Evans auxiliaries, which are used for chiral synthesis. Usually, the acid chloride substrate reacts with the oxazolidinone to form an imide. Substituents at the 4 and 5 position of the oxazolidinone direct any aldol reaction to the alpha position of the carbonyl of the substrate.
Pharmaceuticals
Oxazolidinones are mainly used as antimicrobials. The antibacterial effect of oxazolidinones is by working as protein synthesis inhibitors, targeting an early step involving the binding of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA to the ribosome. (See Linezolid#Pharmacodynamics)
Some of the most important oxazolidinones are antibiotics.
Examples of antibiotic oxazolidinones include:
Linezolid (Zyvox), which is available for intravenous administration and also has the advantage of having excellent oral bioavailability.
Posizolid, which appears to have excellent, targeted bactericidal activity against all common gram-positive bacteria, regardless of resistance to other classes of antibiotics.
Tedizolid, (Sivextro) which is approved for acute skin infections
Radezolid (RX-1741) has completed some phase-II clinical trials.
Cycloserine is a second line drug against tuberculosis. Note that cycloserine, while technically an oxazolidone, has a dif
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosher%27s%20acid
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Mosher's acid, or α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (MTPA) is a carboxylic acid which was first used by Harry Stone Mosher as a chiral derivatizing agent. It is a chiral molecule, consisting of R and S enantiomers.
Applications
As a chiral derivatizing agent, it reacts with an alcohol or amine of unknown stereochemistry to form an ester or amide. The absolute configuration of the ester or amide is then determined by proton and/or 19F NMR spectroscopy.
Mosher's acid chloride, the acid chloride form, is sometimes used because it has better reactivity.
See also
Pirkle's alcohol
References
Stereochemistry
Carboxylic acids
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Phenyl compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL%20Bulletin
|
The ALGOL Bulletin () was a periodical regarding the ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68 programming languages. It was produced under the auspices of IFIP Working Group 2.1 and published from March 1959 till August 1988.
Time-line of ALGOL Bulletin
References
ALGOL 60
ALGOL 68
Computer science journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieltjes%20matrix
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In mathematics, particularly matrix theory, a Stieltjes matrix, named after Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, is a real symmetric positive definite matrix with nonpositive off-diagonal entries. A Stieltjes matrix is necessarily an M-matrix. Every n×n Stieltjes matrix is invertible to a nonsingular symmetric nonnegative matrix, though the converse of this statement is not true in general for n > 2.
From the above definition, a Stieltjes matrix is a symmetric invertible Z-matrix whose eigenvalues have positive real parts. As it is a Z-matrix, its off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero.
See also
Hurwitz matrix
Metzler matrix
References
Matrices
Numerical linear algebra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinite
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In organic chemistry, phosphinites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula . They are used as ligands in homogeneous catalysis and coordination chemistry.
Preparation
Phosphinites are prepared by alcoholysis of organophosphinous chlorides. For example, treatment of chlorodiphenylphosphine with methanol and base gives methyl diphenylphosphinite:
ClPPh2 + CH3OH → CH3OPPh2 + HCl
Although they are esters of phosphinous acids (R2POH), phosphinites are not made via such intermediates.
Reactions
Oxidation of phosphinites gives phosphinates:
2 P(OR)R2 + O2 → 2 OP(OR)R2
Phosphinites are ligands, giving derivatives similar to metal phosphine complexes. They are stronger pi-acceptors than typical phosphine ligands.
References
See also
Phosphine - PR3
Phosphine oxide - OPR3
Phosphonite - P(OR)2R
Phosphite - P(OR)3
Phosphinate - OP(OR)R2
Phosphonate - OP(OR)2R
Phosphate - OP(OR)3
Functional groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonite
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In organic chemistry, phosphonites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula P(OR)2R. They are found in some pesticides and are used as ligands.
Preparation
Although they are derivatives of phosphonous acid (RP(OH)2), they are not prepared from such precursors. Phosphonites are prepared by alcoholysis of organophosphinous chlorides. For example, treatment of dichlorophenylphosphine with methanol and base gives dimethyl phenylphosphonite:
Cl2PPh + 2 CH3OH → (CH3O)2PPh + 2 HCl
Reactions
Oxidation of phosphonites gives phosphonates:
2 P(OR)2R + O2 → 2 OP(OR)2R
Phosphonites can function as ligands in homogeneous catalysis.
References
Functional groups
Organophosphonites
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen%20School
|
The Copenhagen School is a term given to "schools" of theory originating in Copenhagen, Denmark. In at least four different scientific disciplines a theoretical approach originating in Copenhagen has been so influential that they have been dubbed "the Copenhagen School"
Copenhagen School (quantum physics) — centered on the theories developed by Niels Bohr
Copenhagen School (theology) — centered on a theoretical framework developed by Thomas L. Thompson, Niels Peter Lemche and others. Also called the School of Minimalist Theology.
Copenhagen School (international relations), security studies — centered on ideas by Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde.
Copenhagen School (linguistics) — centered on the linguistic theories developed by Louis Hjelmslev, and later formed into the "Copenhagen school of functional linguistics".
Copenhagen School (painting)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesz%20space
|
In mathematics, a Riesz space, lattice-ordered vector space or vector lattice is a partially ordered vector space where the order structure is a lattice.
Riesz spaces are named after Frigyes Riesz who first defined them in his 1928 paper Sur la décomposition des opérations fonctionelles linéaires.
Riesz spaces have wide-ranging applications. They are important in measure theory, in that important results are special cases of results for Riesz spaces. For example, the Radon–Nikodym theorem follows as a special case of the Freudenthal spectral theorem. Riesz spaces have also seen application in mathematical economics through the work of Greek-American economist and mathematician Charalambos D. Aliprantis.
Definition
Preliminaries
If is an ordered vector space (which by definition is a vector space over the reals) and if is a subset of then an element is an upper bound (resp. lower bound) of if (resp. ) for all
An element in is the least upper bound or supremum (resp. greater lower bound or infimum) of if it is an upper bound (resp. a lower bound) of and if for any upper bound (resp. any lower bound) of (resp. ).
Definitions
Preordered vector lattice
A preordered vector lattice is a preordered vector space in which every pair of elements has a supremum.
More explicitly, a preordered vector lattice is vector space endowed with a preorder, such that for any :
Translation Invariance: implies
Positive Homogeneity: For any scalar implies
For any pa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSEE
|
BSEE may stand for:
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering, an undergraduate degree
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, an agency of the U.S. Department of Interior
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered%20vector%20space
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In mathematics, an ordered vector space or partially ordered vector space is a vector space equipped with a partial order that is compatible with the vector space operations.
Definition
Given a vector space over the real numbers and a preorder on the set the pair is called a preordered vector space and we say that the preorder is compatible with the vector space structure of and call a vector preorder on if for all and with the following two axioms are satisfied
implies
implies
If is a partial order compatible with the vector space structure of then is called an ordered vector space and is called a vector partial order on
The two axioms imply that translations and positive homotheties are automorphisms of the order structure and the mapping is an isomorphism to the dual order structure. Ordered vector spaces are ordered groups under their addition operation.
Note that if and only if
Positive cones and their equivalence to orderings
A subset of a vector space is called a cone if for all real A cone is called pointed if it contains the origin. A cone is convex if and only if The intersection of any non-empty family of cones (resp. convex cones) is again a cone (resp. convex cone);
the same is true of the union of an increasing (under set inclusion) family of cones (resp. convex cones). A cone in a vector space is said to be generating if
Given a preordered vector space the subset of all elements in satisfying is a pointed conve
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor%20Wentzel
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Gregor Wentzel (17 February 1898 – 12 August 1978) was a German physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early years, he contributed to X-ray spectroscopy, but then broadened out to make contributions to quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and meson theory.
Biography
Early life and family
Gregor Wentzel was born in Düsseldorf, Germany, as the first of four children of Joseph and Anna Wentzel. He married Anna Lauretta Wielich and his only child, Donat Wentzel, was born in 1934. The family moved to the United States in 1948 until he and Anny returned to Ascona, Switzerland in 1970.
Education and academia
Wentzel began his university education in mathematics and physics in 1916, at the University of Freiburg. During 1917 and 1918, he served in the armed forces during World War I. He then resumed his education at Freiburg until 1919, when he went to the University of Greifswald. In 1920, he went to the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) to study under Arnold Sommerfeld. Wentzel was awarded his doctorate in 1921 and completed his Habilitation in 1922. He remained at LMU as a Privatdozent until he was called to the University of Leipzig in 1926 as an extraordinarius professor of mathematical physics.
He became ordinarius professor in the Chair for Theoretical Physics, at the University of Zurich, when he succeeded Erwin Schrödinger
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20G.%20Davies
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Stephen Graham Davies (born 24 February 1950) is a British chemist and was, until his retirement, the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford.
Education
Davies obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1973 from New College, Oxford, and his Doctor of Philosophy in 1975 under the supervision of Gordon H. Whitham.
Career and research
After his PhD, Davies subsequently held an ICI Postdoctoral Fellowship working with Malcolm Green (1975-1977) and a NATO Fellowship working with Derek Barton (1977-1978) before joining the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) at Gif-sur-Yvette as Attaché de Recherche working with Hugh Felkin.
In 1980 he returned to Oxford to take up a University Lectureship in Chemistry. Whilst remaining an active academic, in 1991 he founded Oxford Asymmetry Ltd (an asymmetric synthesis company) as sole investor. He also founded Oxford Diversity Ltd (a combinatorial chemistry company). These two companies were combined to form Oxford Asymmetry International Plc in 1999 which was sold to Evotec in 2000, valued at £316m. In 2003 he founded VASTox (Value Added
Screening Technology Oxford) a zebrafish screening company. It floated on AIM in 2004 and has since acquired Dainolabs (zebrafish) and Dextra (a carbohydrate chemistry company) as well as the assets of MNL Pharma. VASTox then changed its name to Summit. In 2009 the zebrafish screening operations was acquired by Evotec for £0.5 Million. In 1996, he became Professor of Chemi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20H.%20Sanford
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David H. Sanford (born 1937-2022) was a professor of philosophy at Duke University. He specializes in perception and metaphysics.
Sanford studied at Cass Technical High School, Oberlin College and at Wayne State University. He received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1966, taught at Dartmouth College from 1963 to 1970, and joined the Duke Faculty in 1970. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Michigan and the University of Oregon.
Much of Sanford's work is about conditionals. His book If P, Then Q: Conditionals and the Foundations of Reasoning was published in 1989, second edition 2003,
Sanford's influence in analytic philosophy extends well beyond his published work in metaphysics. From 2006 to 2007, he was president of the Society for Philosophy and Psychology.
See also
American philosophy
List of American philosophers
External links
Official Website at Duke
Duke University faculty
Cornell University alumni
Cass Technical High School alumni
Oberlin College alumni
Wayne State University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
University of Oregon faculty
1937 births
Living people
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraconnected%20space
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In mathematics, a topological space is said to be ultraconnected if no two nonempty closed sets are disjoint. Equivalently, a space is ultraconnected if and only if the closures of two distinct points always have non trivial intersection. Hence, no T1 space with more than one point is ultraconnected.
Properties
Every ultraconnected space is path-connected (but not necessarily arc connected). If and are two points of and is a point in the intersection , the function defined by if , and if , is a continuous path between and .
Every ultraconnected space is normal, limit point compact, and pseudocompact.
Examples
The following are examples of ultraconnected topological spaces.
A set with the indiscrete topology.
The Sierpiński space.
A set with the excluded point topology.
The right order topology on the real line.
See also
Hyperconnected space
Notes
References
Lynn Arthur Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr., Counterexamples in Topology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978. Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1995. (Dover edition).
Properties of topological spaces
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Douglas%20MacLachlan
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John Douglas MacLachlan (July 30, 1906 – October 13, 1987) was a Canadian botanist and the first president of the University of Guelph.
Born on a farm near Burritts Rapids, Ontario, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry and biology at Queen's University in 1931. He received a Master of Arts degree in 1933 and Ph.D. in plant pathology in 1935 from Harvard University. In 1939, he was appointed assistant professor of botany at the Ontario Agricultural College. He became head of the Department of Biology in 1948 and president in 1950. He was the first president of the University of Guelph serving from 1964 to 1967.
The J.D. MacLachlan Building at the University of Guelph is named in his honour.
He died of pneumonia in 1987.
References
1906 births
1987 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in Canada
Presidents of the University of Guelph
Harvard University alumni
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Academic staff of the University of Guelph
People from Ottawa
Scientists from Ontario
20th-century Canadian botanists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction%20of%20nitro%20compounds
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The reduction of nitro compounds are chemical reactions of wide interest in organic chemistry. The conversion can be effected by many reagents. The nitro group was one of the first functional groups to be reduced. Alkyl and aryl nitro compounds behave differently. Most useful is the reduction of aryl nitro compounds.
Aromatic nitro compounds
Reduction to anilines
The reduction of nitroaromatics is conducted on an industrial scale. Many methods exist, such as:
Catalytic hydrogenation using: Raney nickel or palladium-on-carbon, platinum(IV) oxide, or Urushibara nickel.
Iron in acidic media.
Sodium hydrosulfite
Sodium sulfide (or hydrogen sulfide and base). Illustrated by the selective reduction of dinitrophenol to the nitroaminophenol.
Tin(II) chloride
Titanium(III) chloride
Samarium
Hydroiodic acid
Metal hydrides are typically not used to reduce aryl nitro compounds to anilines because they tend to produce azo compounds. (See below)
Reduction to hydroxylamines
Several methods have been described for the production of aryl hydroxylamines from aryl nitro compounds:
Raney nickel and hydrazine at 0-10 °C
Electrolytic reduction
Zinc metal in aqueous ammonium chloride
Catalytic Rhodium on carbon with excess hydrazine monohydrate at room temperature
Reduction to hydrazine compounds
Treatment of nitroarenes with excess zinc metal results in the formation of N,N'''-diarylhydrazine.
Reduction to azo compounds
Treatment of aromatic nitro compounds with metal hydride
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%20deconvolution
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In mathematics, Wiener deconvolution is an application of the Wiener filter to the noise problems inherent in deconvolution. It works in the frequency domain, attempting to minimize the impact of deconvolved noise at frequencies which have a poor signal-to-noise ratio.
The Wiener deconvolution method has widespread use in image deconvolution applications, as the frequency spectrum of most visual images is fairly well behaved and may be estimated easily.
Wiener deconvolution is named after Norbert Wiener.
Definition
Given a system:
where denotes convolution and:
is some original signal (unknown) at time .
is the known impulse response of a linear time-invariant system
is some unknown additive noise, independent of
is our observed signal
Our goal is to find some so that we can estimate as follows:
where is an estimate of that minimizes the mean square error
,
with denoting the expectation.
The Wiener deconvolution filter provides such a . The filter is most easily described in the frequency domain:
where:
and are the Fourier transforms of and ,
is the mean power spectral density of the original signal ,
is the mean power spectral density of the noise ,
, , and are the Fourier transforms of , and , and , respectively,
the superscript denotes complex conjugation.
The filtering operation may either be carried out in the time-domain, as above, or in the frequency domain:
and then performing an inverse Fourier transform on to obtain .
Note t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briastre
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Briastre () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Population
Heraldry
Economics
In Briastre is a chemistry-factory. In the near of Briastre are agriculture farms.
The Lamour Watermill
The Lamour Watermill, Briastre (French: Le Moulin Lamour) is a museum and art center located in the commune. The water-powered mill and its edifices were built in 1800. Preponderantly operating the mechanical processes of milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering up until the 1930s, the watermill was converted into a museum by the Bellevals in the late 1990s.
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
Communes of Nord (French department)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20A.%20C.%20Creswell
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Sir Keppel Archibald Cameron Creswell (13 September 1879 – 8 April 1974) was an English architectural historian who wrote some of the seminal works on Islamic architecture in Egypt.
Early life
Creswell was born on 13 September 1879 in London. He was educated at Westminster School before going on to study electrical engineering at Finsbury City and Guilds Technical College in 1896. During this time he developed his considerable skills in draughtsmanship. He worked for Siemens Brothers and then, from 1914, the Deutsche Bank in London.
Creswell was interested in eastern buildings and places from childhood. By 1910 he had become so drawn to Islamic architecture that he started collecting a library that was eventually to become one of the most comprehensive private collections of its kind. As well as working at his engineering day job, he spent time studying eastern architecture. He published an article in The Burlington Magazine in 1913, and soon after gave a paper to the Royal Asiatic Society, which was well received. Both concerned domes in Persian architecture.
His interest in Islamic architecture spurred him to look for more satisfying employment, and in May 1914 he applied, unsuccessfully, to join the Archaeological Survey of India. The First World War broke out in August of that year, and in April 1916 he was selected on probation for appointment as Assistant Equipment Officer in the Royal Flying Corps. Some time afterwards he was posted to Egypt. He rose th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Hell
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Stefan Walter Hell HonFRMS (: born 23 December 1962) is a Romanian-German physicist and one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014 "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy", together with Eric Betzig and William Moerner.
Life
Born into a Roman Catholic Banat Swabian family in Arad, Romania, he grew up at his parents' home in nearby Sântana. Hell attended primary school there between 1969 and 1977. Subsequently, he attended one year of secondary education at the Nikolaus Lenau High School in Timișoara before leaving with his parents to West Germany in 1978. His father was an engineer and his mother a teacher; the family settled in Ludwigshafen after emigrating.
Hell began his studies at the Heidelberg University in 1981, where he received his doctorate in physics in 1990. His thesis advisor was the solid-state physicist Siegfried Hunklinger. The title of the thesis was “Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope”. He was an independent inventor for a short period thereafter working on improving depth (axial) resolution in confocal microscopy, which became later known as the 4Pi microscope. Resolution is the possibility to separate two similar objects in close proximity and is therefore the most important property of a microscope.
From 1991 to 1993, Hell worked at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, where
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20William%20Field
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R. William Field is an academic scholar and Professor in the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology within the College of Public Health at the University of Iowa. He received a BS and MS degree in Biology from Millersville University of Pennsylvania and a PhD in Preventive Medicine from the College of Medicine at the University of Iowa in 1994. Field is currently an occupational and environmental epidemiologist as well as an internationally recognized expert on the measurement and health effects of radon gas.
He started his research career in the aftermath of the Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania in 1979. His study describing the occurrence of radioactive iodine in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was the only peer-reviewed scientific study documenting radioactive contamination of the wild food chain in the vicinity of Three Mile Island. Subsequent studies examining the deposition of cesium-137 in the white-tailed deer indicated there was not widespread contamination of cesium in the vicinity of Three Mile Island following the Three Mile Island accident.
The Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study, which was overseen by Field, is widely considered the most comprehensive residential radon study ever performed. The study found a 50% increased lung cancer risk at the EPA's radon action level of 4 pCi/L. Field is considered one of the leading advocates in the world for the reduction of radon exposure in homes, schools and w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Beckett
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Bernard Beckett (born 13 October 1967) is a New Zealand writer of fiction for young adults. His work includes novels and plays. Beckett has taught Drama, Mathematics and English at several high schools in the Wellington Region, and is currently teaching at Hutt Valley High School in Lower Hutt.
Selected works
Lester (novel, 1999)
Red Cliff (novel, 2000)
Jolt (novel, 2001)
No Alarms (novel, 2002)
3 Plays: Puck, Plan 10 From Outer Space, The End Of The World As We Know It 2003
Home Boys (novel, 2003)
Malcolm and Juliet (novel, 2004)
Deep Fried - with Clare Knighton (novel, 2005)
Genesis (novel, 2006)
Falling for Science (non-fiction, 2007)
Limbo (film, 2008)
Loaded (film, 2009)
Last Dance (film, 2011)
Lament (film, 2012)
Awards
2005: Esther Glen Award at the LIANZA Children's Book Awards, for Malcolm and Juliet.
2005: Winner Young Adult Fiction Category of the New Zealand Post Book Awards for Children and Young Adults, for Malcolm and Juliet.
2007: Winner Young Adult Fiction Category of the New Zealand Post Book Awards for Children and Young Adults, for Genesis.
2010: Winner of Prix Sorcières in the Adolescent novels category, for Genesis
References
External links
Longacre press pages on Beckett
NZ Book Council biography
Audio: In conversation on BBC World Service discussion programme The Forum
Bernard Beckett website
Living people
1967 births
21st-century New Zealand male writers
21st-century New Zealand novelists
New Zealand children's write
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20R.%20Halmos%20%E2%80%93%20Lester%20R.%20Ford%20Award
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The Paul R. Halmos – Lester R. Ford Award (formerly known as the Lester R. Ford Award) is a $1,000 prize given annually by the Mathematical Association of America for authors of articles of expository excellence published in The American Mathematical Monthly or Mathematics Magazine. It is awarded to at most four authors each year.
The prize was established in 1964 as the Lester R. Ford Award to honor the contributions of mathematician and former MAA president Lester R. Ford. In 2012 the award was renamed the Paul R. Halmos – Lester R. Ford Award to honor the contributions of former The American Mathematical Monthly editor Paul R. Halmos and the support of the Halmos family for the awards. Halmos himself received the award in 1971 and 1977.
Recipients
The recipients of the Paul R. Halmos – Lester R. Ford Award are:
2022: William Dunham
2022: Jan E. Holly
2022: Dominic Klyve and Erik R. Tou
2022: David Lowry-Duda and Miles H. Wheeler
2021: J. H. Conway, M. S. Paterson, and Moscow (U.S.S.R.)
2021: Brian S. Thomson
2021: Zhaodong Cai, Matthew Faust, A. J. Hildebrand, Junxian Li, and Yuan Zhang
2021: Ben Blum-Smith and Japheth Wood
2020: Daniel Ullman and Daniel Velleman
2020: Colin Adams, Allison Henrich, Kate Kearney, and Nicholas Scoville
2020: John B. Little
2020: Balázs Gerencsér and Viktor Harangi
2019: Adrian Rice
2019: Jonathan Borwein and Robert M. Corless
2019: Andrew Granville
2019: Kenneth S. Williams
2018: Paul E. Becker, Martin Derka, She
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe%20Goy
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Philippe Goy (born 1941) is a French science fiction writer. He is a photographer under his real name, but he writes under the pseudo-pen name Philip Goy. An alumnus of l'École normale supérieure, he is now a physics researcher at the CNRS.
Fiction
Le père éternel Paris : Denoël (1974) OCLC 1860252
Faire le mur, (with Stéphane Dumont) Denoël (1980)
Le livre/machine (Special mention at the festival de Metz in 1976)
Vers la révolution
Retour à la Terre, définitif (prize for best new writer at the Limoges convention in 1977)
References
French science fiction writers
1941 births
Living people
French male novelists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20DiMarchi
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Richard D. DiMarchi (born December 5, 1952) is the current chairman in biomolecular sciences and professor of chemistry at Indiana University. He is most notable for his work as a former vice president at Eli Lilly and Company.
He received his bachelor's degree from Florida Atlantic University in 1974, and his doctorate from Indiana University in 1979.
DiMarchi recently developed a synthetic analog of the human version of the hormone glucagon. DiMarchi's glucagon analog possesses similar biological properties to natural glucagon. It dissolves easily and maintains its structural integrity over extended periods at room temperature.
He is the Linda & Jack Gill Chair in Biomolecular Sciences and Professor of Chemistry at Indiana University.
References
External links
Richard D. DiMarchi at Indiana University – Bloomington
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Eli Lilly and Company people
Florida Atlantic University alumni
Indiana University alumni
Indiana University faculty
Living people
1952 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Chemical%20Society
|
The Proceedings of the Chemical Society was a scientific journal published at various times in the life of the Chemical Society, a scientific society in the United Kingdom that combined with other societies to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1980. In 1841, the Society published Memoirs of the Chemical Society, renamed in 1842 to Proceedings of the Chemical Society. Together these were volume 1. Volumes 2 and 3 were published as Memoirs and Proceedings, Chemical Society, London between 1843 and 1848. The Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London were published from vol. 1, 1885 to vol. 30, 1914 and from 1950 to 1964. Between 1915 and 1956 the Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London were published as a supplement to Journal of the Chemical Society, London.
See also
Journal of the Chemical Society
Quarterly Reviews of the Chemical Society
List of scientific journals in chemistry
External links
Chemistry journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
Publications disestablished in 1964
Defunct journals of the United Kingdom
Publications established in 1841
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Walls
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Daniel Frank Walls FRS (13 September 1942 – 12 May 1999) was a New Zealand theoretical physicist specialising in quantum optics.
Education
Walls gained a BSc in physics and mathematics and a first class honours MSc in physics at the University of Auckland. He then went to Harvard University as a Fulbright Scholar, obtaining his PhD in 1969. He was supervised by Roy J. Glauber who was later awarded a Nobel prize in 2005.
Career and research
After holding postdoctoral research positions in Auckland and Stuttgart, Walls became a senior lecturer in physics at the University of Waikato in 1972, where he became professor in 1980. Together with his colleague Crispin Gardiner, during the next 25 years he established a major research centre for theoretical quantum optics in New Zealand and built active and productive collaborations with groups throughout the world.
In 1987 he moved to the University of Auckland as professor of theoretical physics.
His major research interests centred on the interaction and similarities between light and atoms. He was notable for his wide-ranging expertise in relating theory to experiment, and was involved in all major efforts to understand non-classical light. A seminal paper by Walls with his first graduate student Howard Carmichael, showed how to create antibunched light, in which photons arrive at regular intervals, rather than randomly.
Walls was a pioneer in the study of ways that the particle-like nature of light (photons) could be contr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Institute%20of%20Chemistry
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The Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry was a scientific journal published by the Royal Institute of Chemistry which combined with other societies in 1980 to form the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). It had various names, including those with the title of the Institute prior to gaining its royal charter:-
Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry (1950-1964)
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Institute of Chemistry (1949)
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland (1944-1948)
Journal and Proceedings of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland (1920-1943)
Proceedings of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland (1877-1919)
See also
Royal Institute of Chemistry Reviews
List of scientific journals
List of scientific journals in chemistry
External links
RSC archive site for this journal
Chemistry journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
Royal Institute of Chemistry
Publications established in 1877
1877 establishments in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20Chalk%2C%20Jayhawk
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"Rock Chalk, Jayhawk" (a.k.a. the Rock Chalk chant) is a chant used at University of Kansas Jayhawks sporting events. The chant is made up of the phrase "Rock chalk, Jayhawk, KU".
History
The chant was first adopted by the university's science club in 1886. Chemistry professor E.H.S. Bailey and his colleagues were returning by train to Lawrence after a conference. During their travel, they discussed a need of a rousing yell. They came up with "Rah, Rah, Jayhawk, Go KU", repeated three times.
By 1889, "Rock Chalk" had replaced the “Rah, Rah!” Rock Chalk is a transposition of “chalk rock,” a type of limestone that exists in the Cretaceous-age bedrocks of central and western parts of the state and which is similar to the coccolith-bearing chalk of the white cliffs of Dover. (The University itself is located on top of Mount Oread, a ridge of flinty Carboniferous limestone used in some of the buildings.) Those responsible for the change are unknown, with Bailey himself crediting the geology department, and others an English professor.
Kansas troops used it in the Philippine–American War in 1899, the Boxer Rebellion, and World War II. In the 1911 Border War football game, over 1,000 fans gathered in downtown Lawrence to listen to a "broadcast" of the game by telegraph and participated in cheers including the Rock Chalk.
In the 1920 Summer Olympics, Albert I of Belgium asked for a typical American college yell, and gathered athletes replied with the chant.
Former United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globally%20hyperbolic%20manifold
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In mathematical physics, global hyperbolicity is a certain condition on the causal structure of a spacetime manifold (that is, a Lorentzian manifold). It is called hyperbolic in analogy with the linear theory of wave propagation, where the future state of a system is specified by initial conditions. (In turn, the leading symbol of the wave operator is that of a hyperboloid.) This is relevant to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, and potentially to other metric gravitational theories.
Definitions
There are several equivalent definitions of global hyperbolicity. Let M be a smooth connected Lorentzian manifold without boundary. We make the following preliminary definitions:
M is non-totally vicious if there is at least one point such that no closed timelike curve passes through it.
M is causal if it has no closed causal curves.
M is non-total imprisoning if no inextendible causal curve is contained in a compact set. This property implies causality.
M is strongly causal if for every point p and any neighborhood U of p there is a causally convex neighborhood V of p contained in U, where causal convexity means that any causal curve with endpoints in V is entirely contained in V. This property implies non-total imprisonment.
Given any point p in M, [resp. ] is the collection of points which can be reached by a future-directed [resp. past-directed] continuous causal curve starting from p.
Given a subset S of M, the domain of dependence of S is the set of all
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection
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Selection may refer to:
Science
Selection (biology), also called natural selection, selection in evolution
Sex selection, in genetics
Mate selection, in mating
Sexual selection in humans, in human sexuality
Human mating strategies, in human sexuality
Social selection, within social groups
Selection (linguistics), the ability of predicates to determine the semantic content of their arguments
Selection in schools, the admission of students on the basis of selective criteria
Selection effect, a distortion of data arising from the way that the data are collected
A selection, or choice function, a function that selects an element from a set
Religion
Divine selection, selection by God
Papal selection, selection by clergy
Computing
Selection (user interface)
X Window selection
Selection (genetic algorithm)
Selection (relational algebra)
Selection-based search, a search engine system in which the user invokes a search query using only the mouse
Selection algorithm, an algorithm that finds the kth smallest number in a list
Other uses
Preselection (or selection) of candidates in British elections
Selection (Australian history), an area of crown land acquired under legislation
Selected (album), the compilation album by Recoil
Selection (album), by 54•40
Selection (Nazi concentration camps)
The Selection, a novel by Kiera Cass
A store brand used by Metro Inc.
See also
Adverse selection
Discrimination
Election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvin%20A.%20Kabat
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Elvin Abraham Kabat (September 1, 1914 – June 16, 2000) was an American biomedical scientist and one of the founding fathers of quantitative immunochemistry. Kabat was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1977, National Medal of Science in 1991, and American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995. He is the father of Jon Kabat-Zinn.
Elvin A. Kabat was the president of the American Association of Immunologists from 1965 to 1966, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He designed the eponymous Kabat numbering scheme for numbering amino acid residues in antibodies based on their variable regions. In 1969, he started collecting and aligning the amino acid sequences of human and mouse Bence Jones proteins and immunoglobulin light chains.
Work
While working under Michael Heidelberger at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kabat studied the carbohydrate chemistry of embryonic-state-specific antigens and markers of white blood cells. Additionally, he discovered the chemical basis of the ABO blood group system.
During World War II, Kabat worked for the National Defense Research Committee on developing a meningitis vaccine, accurate syphilis test, and detectors for neutralizing the plant toxin ricin.
Kabat is best known for discovering the structural and genetic basis for the specificity of antibodies. After showing that antibodies are ga
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Vroman
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Leo Vroman (April 10, 1915 – February 22, 2014) was a Dutch-American hematologist, a prolific poet mainly in Dutch and an illustrator.
Life and work
Vroman, who was Jewish, was born in Gouda and studied biology in Utrecht. When the Nazis occupied the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, he fled to London, and from there he traveled to the Dutch East Indies. He finished his studies in Batavia. After the Japanese occupied Indonesia he was interned and stayed in several prisoner-of-war camps. In the camp Tjimahi he befriended the authors Tjalie Robinson and Rob Nieuwenhuys.
His uncle was the physician and medical researcher Isidore Snapper, who worked in New York City after emigrating from the Netherlands. (The mathematician Ernst Snapper was Vroman;s cousin.) After the war, Vroman went to the United States to work in New York as a hematology researcher. He gained American citizenship and lived in Fort Worth until his death in 2014, aged 98.
In 1946, he published his first poems in the Netherlands, and since then has won almost every Dutch literary poetry prize possible. In 1970 Vroman was awarded the Individual Science Award by Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. In 2003, his former high school, de Goudse ScholenGemeenschap (GSG), changed its name into de Goudse ScholenGemeenschap Leo Vroman (GSG Leo Vroman).
He was engaged to Georgine Marie Sanders from May 1940 until their marriage in September 1947. They had two daughters.
Poetry
In English
Poems in English (1953)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrata
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Substrata, plural of substratum, may refer to:
Earth's substrata, the geologic layering of the Earth
Hypokeimenon, sometimes translated as substratum, a concept in metaphysics
Substrata (album), a 1997 ambient music album by Biosphere
Substrata 2, a 2001 double album by Biosphere, including a remaster of the 1997 album
Substrata (gardening), another term for subsoil
Substrata (geology), layers of rock or sediment
Substrata (linguistics), languages which influence another through linguistic contact
See also
Substratum in Vedic Sanskrit
Stratum (disambiguation)
Strata (disambiguation)
Substrate (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordal%20Demokan
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Ordal Demokan (January 13, 1946 – October 29, 2004) was a Turkish physicist.
Biography
Born in Istanbul, Turkey, Demokan graduated from TED Ankara Koleji in 1962, and received his BSc and MSc degrees on Electrical Engineering in 1966 and 1967 from Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara. He received TUBITAK scholarship between 1964 and 1967. He received his PhD degree on physics from University of Iowa in 1970, through Fulbright scholarship between 1967 and 1969 and University of Iowa Education Scholarship.
In September 1970, he started working as an assistant professor at Middle East Technical University, in Department of Physics. The plasma physics research in METU is initiated by Ordal Demokan in 1972 with his establishing the plasma physics laboratory. He acquired the title of Associate Professor in 1976. In 1978–1979, he worked as director of TAEK Plasma and Laser Department.
Between 1979 and 1981, he was in Jülich Research Centre's Institute of Plasma Physic as a guest researcher, working on TEXTOR Tokamak Experiment. Afterwards he returned to newly founded Gazi University in Turkey in 1982, where he worked in Faculty of Technical Education between 1982 and 1983. In 1983 he was the chairman of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
In 1984 he returned to METU, where he was the assistant chairman of the Department of Physics between 1984 and 1985. He received the title of Professor in 1988.
He was killed in a car crash on October 29, 2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COSIC
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The Computer Security and Industrial Cryptography research group, commonly called COSIC, is a research group at the Department of Electrical Engineering of KU Leuven, which is headed by Bart Preneel.
Research
Research and expertise in digital security:
Security architectures for information and communication systems
Cryptographic algorithms and protocols
Symmetric key
Public key
Post-quantum
Security for embedded systems
Privacy-preserving systems
Applications:
Cloud
Automotive
Privacy
Data Protection
Trusted Systems
E-payments
E-documents
...
AES
One of the well-known successes is the selection of Rijndael as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Currently AES is used by millions of users in more than thousand products, such as the protection of US government information.
Research projects
COSIC has participated in over 50 European research projects.
IMEC
COSIC is part of the Smart Applications and Innovation Services of imec.
References
External links
Imec
The Wall Street Journal: In Belgium, an Encryption Powerhouse Rises
Cryptography organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt%20Lidforss
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Bengt Lidforss (15 September 186823 September 1913) was a prominent Swedish botanist, socialist, and an accomplished natural scientist and writer.
Biography
Lidforss was born in Lund, Sweden, the son of professor and philologist Edvard Lidforss. He studied at the Cathedral School before going to study botany and biology at Lund University under Frederic Areschoug and received his B.A. at nineteen. He studied speciation in the blackberry (Rubus sp.). In 1892 he spent some time at the University of Tübingen under Albrecht Zimmermann. For his Ph.D. from Lund University he studied elaiospheres in the mesophyll. He noted that the plants that remain green in winter in southern Sweden had little starch in the leaves during winter. They instead had oil or sugars which prevented injury to the cells from freezing. With a Battram travel scholarship he went to Germany and spent some time in Berlin. Here he joined the Scandinavian circle around August Strindberg. He then went to Leipzig, working with Wilhelm Pfeffer. After working as an assistant of Ernst Stahl at the University of Jena, he became a professor of botany at Uppsala University in 1909 and at Lund University in 1910. He was among the first Swedish scientists to write popular science. Lidforss was born in a conservative family but developed a strong stance against religion and the Church of Sweden. He published articles in Malmö-based social democrat newspaper Arbetet and also, served as its editor-in-chief.
Lidforss was in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maynard%20A.%20Joslyn
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Maynard Alexander Joslyn (July 7, 1904 – November 28, 1984) was a Russian Empire-born, American food scientist who involved in the rebirth of the American wine industry in California following the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Joslyn was also involved in the development of analytical chemistry as it applied to food, leading to the advancement of food chemistry as a scientific discipline.
Early life
Joslyn was born in Alexandrovsk, Russian Empire. Soon after his birth, his family emigrated to the United States and settled in Michigan.
College life at Berkeley
After graduating high school in Michigan, Joslyn enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley where he earned a B.S. in 1926 and a M.S. in 1928. From 1928 to 1931, Joslyn worked in the food industry before returning to Berkeley as an instructor in the "Division of Fruit Products," then an administrative unit in the College of Agriculture. The unit would later be renamed the Department of Food Science and Technology. Joslyn would earn his Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry in 1935.
Research at Berkeley
Joslyn's research at Berkeley began when he was a graduate student under William V. Cruess in 1926 when their research showed that fruits and vegetables can be preserved by freezing. It would continue to where his research would show the enzymatic changes of foods during food processing and their microbial changes after processing. Joslyn published one of the first books dealing with analytical food chemistry entitl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithiocarbamate
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In organic chemistry, a dithiocarbamate is a functional group with the general formula and structure . It is the analog of a carbamate in which both oxygen atoms are replaced by sulfur atoms (when only 1 oxygen is replaced the result is thiocarbamate).
Dithiocarbamate also refers to the dithiocarbamate ion and its salts. A common example is sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Dithiocarbamates and their derivatives are widely used in the vulcanization of rubber.
Formation
Many secondary amines react with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to form dithiocarbamate salts:
Ammonia reacts with CS2 similarly:
2 NH3 + CS2 → H2NCS2−NH4+
Dithiocarbamate salts are pale colored solids that are soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Dithiocarbamic acid
A primary amine and carbon disulfide react to give a dithiocarbamic acid:
In the presence of diimides or pyridine, these acids convert to isothiocyanates:
Reactions
Dithiocarbamates are readily S-alkylated. Thus, methyl dimethyldithiocarbamate can be prepared by methylation of the dithiocarbamate:
(CH3)2NCS2Na + (CH3O)2SO2 → (CH3)2NC(S)SCH3 + Na[CH3OSO3]
Oxidation of dithiocarbamates gives the thiuram disulfide:
2 R2NCS2− → [R2NC(S)S]2 + 2e−
Thiuram disulfides react with Grignard reagents to give esters of dithiocarbamic acid:
[R2NC(S)S]2 + R'MgX → R2NC(S)SR' + R2NCS2MgX
Dithiocarbamates react with transition metal salts to give a wide variety of transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes.
Struct
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarity%20gauge
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In theoretical physics, the unitarity gauge or unitary gauge is a particular choice of a gauge fixing in a gauge theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this gauge, the scalar fields responsible for the Higgs mechanism are transformed into a basis in which their Goldstone boson components are set to zero. In other words, the unitarity gauge makes the manifest number of scalar degrees of freedom minimal.
The gauge was introduced to particle physics by Steven Weinberg in the context of the electroweak theory. In electroweak theory, the degrees of freedom in a unitarity gauge are the massive spin-1 W+, W− and Z bosons with three polarizations each, the photon with two polarizations, and the scalar Higgs boson.
The unitarity gauge is usually used in tree-level calculations. For loop calculations, other gauge choices such as the 't Hooft–Feynman gauge often reduce the mathematical complexity of the calculation.
References
Further reading
Gauge theories
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axino
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The axino is a hypothetical elementary particle predicted by some theories of particle physics. Peccei–Quinn theory attempts to explain the observed phenomenon known as the strong CP problem by introducing a hypothetical real scalar particle called the axion. Adding supersymmetry to the model predicts the existence of a fermionic superpartner for the axion, the axino, and a bosonic superpartner, the saxion. They are all bundled up in a chiral superfield.
The axino has been predicted to be the lightest supersymmetric particle in such a model. In part due to this property, it is considered a candidate for the composition of dark matter.
The supermultiplet containing an axion and axino has been suggested as the origin of supersymmetry breaking, where the supermultiplet gains an F-term expectation value.
References
Dark matter
Fermions
Supersymmetric quantum field theory
Hypothetical elementary particles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konishi%20anomaly
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In theoretical physics, the Konishi anomaly is the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations in theories with N=1 supersymmetry. More precisely, this transformation changes the phase of a chiral superfield. It shouldn't be confused with the R-symmetry that also depends on the fermionic superspace variables. The divergence of the corresponding Noether current for the Konishi transformation is nonzero but can be exactly expressed using the superpotential.
Konishi anomaly is named after its discoverer Kenichi Konishi, who is currently full professor of Theoretical Physics at the Physics Department E.Fermi of University of Pisa, Italy.
References
Supersymmetric quantum field theory
Anomalies (physics)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-symmetry
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In theoretical physics, the R-symmetry is the symmetry transforming different supercharges in a theory with supersymmetry into each other. In the simplest case of the N=1 supersymmetry, such an R-symmetry is isomorphic to a global U(1) group or its discrete subgroup (for the Z2 subgroup it is called R-parity). For extended supersymmetry, the R-symmetry group becomes a global U(N) non-abelian group.
In a model that is classically invariant under both N=1 supersymmetry and conformal transformations, the closure of the superconformal algebra (at least on-shell) needs the introduction of a further bosonic generator that is associated to the R-symmetry.
References
Supersymmetry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20L.%20Walters
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John L. Walters (born 16 April 1953) is an English editor, musician, critic and composer.
Early years
John L. Walters was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. He attended King's College London and holds a degree in Maths with Physics.
Career
In 1974 John L. Walters was a founding member of the band Landscape, which evolved into a five-piece band with Richard James Burgess (drums, electric drums, computer programming, synths, vocals), Christopher Heaton (synthesizers, piano, vocals), Andy Pask (fretted and fretless basses, vocals), Peter Thoms (trombone, electric trombone, vocals), and Walters (lyricon, soprano sax, flute, alto flute, computer programming, synths, vocals). The band is known for the 1981 hit single ‘Einstein A Go-Go’, written by Walters and Burgess, which reached number 5 in the UK charts, ’Norman Bates’ (Walters) and the album From the Tea-rooms of Mars ....
After the band split, Walters went into record production. He subsequently produced and arranged records for Swans Way, Kissing the Pink, Twelfth Night, The Mike Gibbs Orchestra and pianist Mark Springer, and worked with other artists from the era including Kate Bush, for whom Walters and Burgess programmed Fairlight CMI on Never For Ever, Hot Gossip and Landscape colleague Richard James Burgess.
From 1987 to 1997 Walters was a member of the "electronic jazz orchestra" Zyklus, with Neil Ardley (his former composition teacher), guitarist/programmer Warren Greveson and Ian Carr.
In 1992, with L
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith%20Gourdine
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Meredith Charles "Flash" Gourdine (September 26, 1929 – November 20, 1998) was an American athlete, engineer and physicist. His nickname, "Flash" Gourdine, is a reference to comic strip character Flash Gordon.
Education
Gourdine graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School. He earned a BS in Engineering Physics from Cornell University in 1953, where he was selected for membership in the Quill and Dagger society. In 1960, he earned a Ph.D. in Engineering Physics from the California Institute of Technology on a Guggenheim fellowship.
Career
Scientific career
During the last three years of his Ph.D. program (1958-1960), Gourdine worked as a senior research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. After graduation, he worked for Plasmadyne Corporation and Curtis-Wright Corporation, then in 1964, he founded a research and development firm, Gourdine Laboratories, in Livingston, New Jersey. In 1973 he founded Energy Innovations, a company that produced direct-energy conversion devices in Houston, Texas. The companies developed engineering techniques to aid removing smoke from buildings and disperse fog from airport runways, and converting low-grade coal into inexpensive, transportable and high-voltage electrical energy.
Gourdine was inducted to the Dayton, Ohio, Engineering and Science Hall of Fame in 1994, was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1991, was a member of the Black Inventors' Hall of Fame, a member of the Army Science Board, and served as a Trust
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wess%E2%80%93Zumino%20gauge
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In particle physics, the Wess–Zumino gauge is a particular choice of a gauge transformation in a gauge theory with supersymmetry. In this gauge, the supersymmetrized gauge transformation is chosen in such a way that most components of the vector superfield vanish, except for the usual physical ones when the function of the superspace is expanded in terms of components.
See also
Supersymmetric gauge theory
Supersymmetric quantum field theory
Gauge theories
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20transcontinental%20telegraph
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The first transcontinental telegraph (completed October 24, 1861) was a line that connected the existing telegraph network in the eastern United States to a small network in California, by means of a link between Omaha, Nebraska and Carson City, Nevada, via Salt Lake City. It was a milestone in electrical engineering and in the formation of the United States of America. It served as the only method of near-instantaneous communication between the east and west coasts during the 1860s. For comparison, in 1841, the news of the death of President William Henry Harrison had taken 110 days to reach Los Angeles.
Background
After the development of efficient telegraph systems in the 1830s, their use saw almost explosive growth in the 1840s. Samuel Morse's first experimental line between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore—the Baltimore-Washington telegraph line—was demonstrated on May 24, 1844. By 1850 there were lines covering most of the eastern states, and a separate network of lines was soon constructed in the booming economy of California.
California was admitted to the United States in 1850, the first state on the Pacific coast. Major efforts ensued to integrate California with the other states, including sea, overland mail pioneered by George Chorpenning, the Pony Express, and passenger services such as Butterfield Overland Mail. Proposals for the subsidy of a telegraph line to California were made in Congress throughout the 1850s, and in 1860 the U.S. Post Office was authorize
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-set%20theory
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Quasi-set theory is a formal mathematical theory for dealing with collections of objects, some of which may be indistinguishable from one another. Quasi-set theory is mainly motivated by the assumption that certain objects treated in quantum physics are indistinguishable and don't have individuality.
Motivation
The American Mathematical Society sponsored a 1974 meeting to evaluate the resolution and consequences of the 23 problems Hilbert proposed in 1900. An outcome of that meeting was a new list of mathematical problems, the first of which, due to Manin (1976, p. 36), questioned whether classical set theory was an adequate paradigm for treating collections of indistinguishable elementary particles in quantum mechanics. He suggested that such collections cannot be sets in the usual sense, and that the study of such collections required a "new language".
The use of the term quasi-set follows a suggestion in da Costa's 1980 monograph Ensaio sobre os Fundamentos da Lógica (see da Costa and Krause 1994), in which he explored possible semantics for what he called "Schrödinger Logics". In these logics, the concept of identity is restricted to some objects of the domain, and has motivation in Schrödinger's claim that the concept of identity does not make sense for elementary particles (Schrödinger 1952). Thus in order to provide a semantics that fits the logic, da Costa submitted that "a theory of quasi-sets should be developed", encompassing "standard sets" as particular cases,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20De%20Somer
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Pieter De Somer (22 December 1917 – 17 June 1985) was a Belgian physician and biologist. He studied medicine from 1935 up to 1942 at the Catholic University of Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). He did research and later became a professor at the Department of medicine, where he specialised in microbiology and immunology. In 1968, he became the first rector of the Flemish Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and he remained rector until his death in 1985.
Pieter De Somer founded both the company Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques and the Rega Institute for Medical Research.
External links
Rega Institute for Medical Research
1917 births
1985 deaths
Flemish scientists
20th-century Belgian businesspeople
Belgian immunologists
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
Academic staff of KU Leuven
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Physical%20Journal%20C
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The European Physical Journal C (EPJ C) is a biweekly peer-reviewed, open access scientific journal covering theoretical and experimental physics. It is part of the SCOAP3 initiative.
See also
European Physical Journal
References
Physics journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Academic journals established in 1998
English-language journals
Semi-monthly journals
EDP Sciences academic journals
Particle physics journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical%20Abstracts
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Analytical Abstracts is a current awareness and information retrieval service for analytical chemistry, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It was first published in the mid-1950s by the Society for Analytical Chemistry which merged with other societies in 1980 to form the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Analytical Abstracts is currently available online only. It used to be published in print edition on a monthly basis. The online version of the database is accessible to those who have access to Analytical Abstracts via an institutional licence. The online database is updated on a weekly basis, and users are able to sign up to receive email notifications informing them when an update has been submitted. Currently, Guy Jones is the executive editor and Sarah Rogers is content editor of the publication.
Rather than abstracting all articles from a list of analytical journals, Analytical Abstracts has a very focussed scope. Over half million of articles are selected from a list of over 100 source journals, covering not only analytical chemistry, but also food and environmental chemistry subject areas (amongst others). The principal criteria for selecting an article is that it must deal with the practical measurement of one or more chemical species and must involve the use of a novel protocol.
Classification of articles is performed on the basis of three aspects of the article: the analyte, matrix and concept. While it is not necessary for an a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher%20%28disambiguation%29
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A cipher is a method of encryption or decryption.
Cipher may also refer to:
Science and mathematics
CIPHER (DOS command), an external filter command in some versions of MS-DOS 2.xx
One of the names for the number 0 in English
Entertainment and culture
Cipher (manga), a manga series by Minako Narita
Cipher (comics), a Marvel Comics X-Men character
Cipher (newuniversal), a Marvel Comics character in the newuniversal imprint
Bill Cipher, a dream demon in Gravity Falls
Cipher, the player character in Ace Combat Zero: The Belkan War
Team Cipher, the villainous team from Pokémon Colosseum and the sequel Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness
Cipher, a criminal mastermind and cyber terrorist in The Fate of the Furious
A codename for The Patriots in the video game series Metal Gear Solid
A word used by the Five-Percent Nation to refer to zero, letter "O" or a circle
A playable character class in the role-playing video game Pillars of Eternity
Music
Cipher (album), by The Alpha Conspiracy
Cipher (band), a hardcore punk band
Ciphers (album), a 1996 album by SETI
Cipher notation, a type of musical notation
A note that continues to sound in a pipe organ when the organist does not intend for it to sound
A freestyle rap session
People
A stage name of Ichiro Takigawa, the guitarist of the Japanese rock band D'erlanger
Cipha Sounds, the alias of Luis Diaz, an American radio and television personality
See also
Cyphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20point%20%28mathematics%29
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In computer-aided geometric design a control point is a member of a set of points used to determine the shape of a spline curve or, more generally, a surface or higher-dimensional object.
For Bézier curves, it has become customary to refer to the -vectors in a parametric representation of a curve or surface in -space as control points, while the scalar-valued functions , defined over the relevant parameter domain, are the corresponding weight or blending functions.
Some would reasonably insist, in order to give intuitive geometric meaning to the word "control", that the blending functions form a partition of unity, i.e., that the are nonnegative and sum to one. This property implies that the curve lies within the convex hull of its control points. This is the case for Bézier's representation of a polynomial curve as well as for the B-spline representation of a spline curve or tensor-product spline surface.
References
Splines (mathematics)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igusa%20zeta%20function
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In mathematics, an Igusa zeta function is a type of generating function, counting the number of solutions of an equation, modulo p, p2, p3, and so on.
Definition
For a prime number p let K be a p-adic field, i.e. , R the valuation ring and P the maximal ideal. For we denote by the valuation of z, , and for a uniformizing parameter π of R.
Furthermore let be a Schwartz–Bruhat function, i.e. a locally constant function with compact support and let be a character of .
In this situation one associates to a non-constant polynomial the Igusa zeta function
where and dx is Haar measure so normalized that has measure 1.
Igusa's theorem
showed that is a rational function in . The proof uses Heisuke Hironaka's theorem about the resolution of singularities. Later, an entirely different proof was given by Jan Denef using p-adic cell decomposition. Little is known, however, about explicit formulas. (There are some results about Igusa zeta functions of Fermat varieties.)
Congruences modulo powers of
Henceforth we take to be the characteristic function of and to be the trivial character. Let denote the number of solutions of the congruence
.
Then the Igusa zeta function
is closely related to the Poincaré series
by
References
Information for this article was taken from J. Denef, Report on Igusa's Local Zeta Function, Séminaire Bourbaki 43 (1990-1991), exp. 741; Astérisque 201-202-203 (1991), 359-386
Zeta and L-functions
Diophantine geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality%E2%80%93virtuality%20continuum
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The virtuality continuum is a continuous scale ranging between the completely virtual, a virtuality, and the completely real, reality. The reality–virtuality continuum therefore encompasses all possible variations and compositions of real and virtual objects. It has been described as a concept in new media and computer science, but in fact it could be considered a matter of anthropology. The concept was first introduced by Paul Milgram.
The area between the two extremes, where both the real and the virtual are mixed, is called mixed reality. This in turn is said to consist of both augmented reality, where the virtual augments the real, and augmented virtuality, where the real augments the virtual.
Overview
This continuum has been extended into a two-dimensional plane of virtuality and mediality. Taxonomy of reality, virtuality, mediality. The origin R denotes unmodified reality. A continuum across the virtuality axis, V, includes reality augmented with graphics (augmented reality), as well as graphics augmented by reality (augmented virtuality). However, the taxonomy also includes modification of reality or virtuality or any combination of these.
The mediality axis denotes changes. The modification is denoted by moving up the mediality axis. Further up this axis, for example, we can find mediated reality, mediated virtuality, or any combination of these. Further up and to the right, we have virtual worlds that are responsive to a severely modified version of reality.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-Bird
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J-Bird may refer to:
Japan Airlines Domestic (callsign J-BIRD); see List of defunct airlines of Japan
J-Bird (videogame), a Q*bert knockoff game, see also List of self-booting IBM PC compatible games
J-Birds, a robotics team that competed at the Charged Up (FIRST)
Fictional characters
Joan 'J-Bird', a fictional character from the 2019 U.S. crime drama film Duke (film)
Jeremiah "J-Bird" Peet, a fictional character from the 2001 U.S. horror film Bones (2001 film)
Jules "J-Bird" Cobb, a fictional character from the U.S. TV sitcom Cougar Town
See also
One on One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird (game), a 1983 basketball videogame from EA Sports
Jailbird (disambiguation)
Jay bird (disambiguation)
Bird (disambiguation)
J (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRC%20Handbook%20of%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics
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The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is a comprehensive one-volume reference resource for science research. First published in 1914, it is currently () in its 103rd edition, published in 2022. It is sometimes nicknamed the "Rubber Bible" or the "Rubber Book", as CRC originally stood for "Chemical Rubber Company".
As late as the 1962–1963 edition (3604 pages) the Handbook contained myriad information for every branch of science and engineering. Sections in that edition include: Mathematics, Properties and Physical Constants, Chemical Tables, Properties of Matter, Heat, Hygrometric and Barometric Tables, Sound, Quantities and Units, and Miscellaneous. Earlier editions included sections such as "Antidotes of Poisons", "Rules for Naming Organic Compounds", "Surface Tension of Fused Salts", "Percent Composition of Anti-Freeze Solutions", "Spark-gap Voltages", "Greek Alphabet", "Musical Scales", "Pigments and Dyes", "Comparison of Tons and Pounds", "Twist Drill and Steel Wire Gauges" and "Properties of the Earth's Atmosphere at Elevations up to 160 Kilometers". Later editions focus almost exclusively on chemistry and physics topics and eliminated much of the more "common" information.
Contents by edition
22nd–44th Editions
Section A: Mathematical Tables
Section B: Properties and Physical Constants
Section C: General Chemical Tables/Specific Gravity and Properties of Matter
Section D: Heat and Hygrometry/Sound/Electricity and Magnetism/Light
Section E: Quantities an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Bold
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Gary Edward John Bold (1938 – 3 July 2018) was a New Zealand physicist, an Honorary Associate Professor in physics at the University of Auckland. After gaining a PhD in 1961, Bold became a lecturer who taught across all courses in the physics department at the University. His research areas included underwater acoustics and application of physics theory to understanding human consciousness. He was highly regarded as a teacher and won the Prime Minister's Supreme Award at the 2004 Tertiary Teaching Excellence Awards. Bold had an interest in amateur radio and as an active member of the New Zealand Association of Radio Transmitters (NZART), won a prize for the quality of his columns in the organisation's newsletters.
Education
Bold received a doctoral degree in 1970 from the University of Auckland. His doctoral thesis was titled Antipodal HF radio propagation.
Teaching
While not becoming a lecturer until 1961, Bold began teaching in 1960 as an MSc student. Over his career, he taught every course in the physics department at the University of Auckland, including geophysics, signal processing and network theory. He also revised experiments and "designed the curriculum for many second- and third-year physics courses". in 2004, Bold told the NZ Herald that every year he had adapted and improved his teaching. He wrote on pedagogy and in 1996 co-authored an article for the American Journal of Physics that proposed a top-down model for teaching physics. The writers acknowledged t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Vineberg
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Arthur Martin Vineberg, (May 24, 1903 – March 26, 1988) was a Canadian cardiac surgeon, university lecturer and author. He was famous for his experimental and clinical studies in revascularization of the heart.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received a degree in biochemistry and experimental physiology at McGill University. He was a heart surgeon at Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital and a lecturer in the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University. His archive is held at the Osler Library at McGill University.
He is known for having developed a surgical procedure called the "Vineberg Procedure" which involved implanting the left mammary artery into the left ventricle of the heart. He first did this procedure in 1946 on an experimental basis and at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1950.
He published two books, How to Live with your Heart; the Family Guide to Heart Health (1975) and Myocardial Revascularization by Arterial/Ventricular Implants (1982). He was working on his third book, The Complete Guide to Heart Health, before his death.
In 1986, he was made an officer of the Order of Canada (OC), Canada's highest civilian honour.
References
1903 births
1988 deaths
Canadian cardiac surgeons
McGill University Faculty of Medicine alumni
Academic staff of McGill University
Officers of the Order of Canada
Physicians from Montreal
20th-century surgeons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulon
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In molecular genetics, a regulon is a group of genes that are regulated as a unit, generally controlled by the same regulatory gene that expresses a protein acting as a repressor or activator. This terminology is generally, although not exclusively, used in reference to prokaryotes, whose genomes are often organized into operons; the genes contained within a regulon are usually organized into more than one operon at disparate locations on the chromosome. Applied to eukaryotes, the term refers to any group of non-contiguous genes controlled by the same regulatory gene.
A modulon is a set of regulons or operons that are collectively regulated in response to changes in overall conditions or stresses, but may be under the control of different or overlapping regulatory molecules. The term stimulon is sometimes used to refer to the set of genes whose expression responds to specific environmental stimuli.
Examples
Commonly studied regulons in bacteria are those involved in response to stress such as heat shock. The heat shock response in E. coli is regulated by the sigma factor
σ32 (RpoH), whose regulon has been characterized as containing at least 89 open reading frames.
Regulons involving virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria are of particular research interest; an often-studied example is the phosphate regulon in E. coli, which couples phosphate homeostasis to pathogenicity through a two-component system. Regulons can sometimes be pathogenicity islands.
The Ada regulon i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%20development
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Limb development in vertebrates is an area of active research in both developmental and evolutionary biology, with much of the latter work focused on the transition from fin to limb.
Limb formation begins in the morphogenetic limb field, as mesenchymal cells from the lateral plate mesoderm proliferate to the point that they cause the ectoderm above to bulge out, forming a limb bud. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces the formation of an organizer at the end of the limb bud, called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which guides further development and controls cell death. Programmed cell death is necessary to eliminate webbing between digits.
The limb field is a region specified by expression of certain Hox genes, a subset of homeotic genes, and T-box transcription factors – Tbx5 for forelimb or wing development, and Tbx4 for leg or hindlimb development. Establishment of the forelimb field (but not hindlimb field) requires retinoic acid signaling in the developing trunk of the embryo from which the limb buds emerge. Also, although excess retinoic acid can alter limb patterning by ectopically activating Shh or Meis1/Meis2 expression, genetic studies in mouse that eliminate retinoic acid synthesis have shown that RA is not required for limb patterning.
The limb bud remains active throughout much of limb development as it stimulates the creation and positive feedback retention of two signaling regions: the AER and its subsequent creation of the zone of polarizing activity
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes%20Arber
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Agnes Arber FRS ( Robertson; 23 February 1879 – 22 March 1960) was a British plant morphologist and anatomist, historian of botany and philosopher of biology. She was born in London but lived most of her life in Cambridge, including the last 51 years of her life. She was the first woman botanist to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society (21 March 1946, at the age of 67) and the third woman overall. She was the first woman to receive the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society of London (24 May 1948, at the age of 69) for her contributions to botanical science.
Her scientific research focused on the monocotyledon group of flowering plants. She also contributed to development of morphological studies in botany during the early part of the 20th century. Her later work concentrated on the topic of philosophy in botany, particularly on the nature of biological research.
Biography
Agnes Robertson was born on 23 February 1879 in Primrose Hill, London. She was the first child of Henry Robert Robertson, an artist, and Agnes Lucy Turner, and had three younger siblings, Donald Struan Robertson (who later became Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge), Janet Robertson, who later became a portrait painter, and Margaret Robertson (married name Hills), who was a notable suffragist and local politician. Her father gave her regular drawing lessons during her early childhood, which later provided her with the necessary skills to illustrate her scientific publications herself
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Physics%20and%20Engineering%20in%20Medicine
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The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) is the United Kingdom's professional body and learned society for physicists, engineers and technologists within the field of medicine, founded in 1995, changing its name from the Institution of Physics and Engineering in Medicine and Biology (IPEMB) in 1997. The Institute is governed by an elected Board of Trustees reporting to which are the Science, Research and Innovation Council and the Professional and Standards Council. The councils have operational responsibility for scientific and professional aspects of the Institute's work, respectively. Beneath the councils is a substructure of committees, groups and panels of members, which undertake the work of the Institute.
The Institute is licensed by the Engineering Council to register Chartered Engineers, Incorporated Engineers and Engineering Technologists and by the Science Council to register Chartered Scientists, Registered Scientists and Registered Science Technicians.
The aim of the Institute and its members, set out in its charitable objects and articles of association, is to promote for the public benefit the advancement of physics and engineering applied to medicine and biology, and to advance public education in the field.
History
The organization can trace its origin to three societies:
the Hospital Physicists Association (HPA) founded in 1943,
the Hospital Physics Technicians Association (HPTA) founded in 1952, and
the Biological Engineering Society
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Kupperman
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Robert Harris Kupperman (May 12, 1935 – November 24, 2006) was an American government official and academic, and a leading expert on terrorism.
Kupperman received his doctorate in applied mathematics from New York University in 1962 and went on to teach at the University of Maryland as well as NYU.
During his years working for the US government he served as director of the transition team for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as executive director of the Office of Emergency Preparedness, and finally at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, where he helped President Nixon in creating the Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism. This first interagency study of foreign and domestic terrorism was created in response to the Black September terrorist attack in which 11 Israeli athletes were murdered at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games.
After he left the public sector, Kupperman joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies as an advisor and authored several books, most notably Strategic Requirements for the Army to the Year 2000 (Lexington Books, 1984) and Final Warning: Averting Disaster in the New Age of Terrorism, which he co-wrote with journalist Jeff Kamen (Doubleday, 1989)
Kupperman died in his home in Washington, D.C., aged 71. According to his daughter he had been suffering from Parkinson's disease since 1990.
External links
John A. Adam, Review of Final Warning, The New York Times, December 24, 1989.
Tim Weiner, Obituary, The New York Times, No
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20A.%20Steitz
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Joan Elaine Argetsinger Steitz (born January 26, 1941) is Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She is known for her discoveries involving RNA, including ground-breaking insights into how ribosomes interact with messenger RNA by complementary base pairing and that introns are spliced by small nuclear ribonucleic proteins (snRNPs), which occur in eukaryotes. In September 2018, Steitz won the Lasker-Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science. The Lasker award is often referred to as the 'American Nobel' because 87 of the former recipients have gone on to win Nobel prizes.
Early life and education
Steitz was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She grew up in Minnesota in the 1950s and 60s and attended the then all-girls Northrop Collegiate School for high school.
In 1963, Steitz received her Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Antioch College, Ohio, where she first became interested in molecular biology at Alex Rich's Massachusetts Institute of Technology laboratory as an Antioch "coop" intern.
After completing her undergraduate degree, Steitz applied to medical school rather than graduate school since she knew of female medical doctors but not women scientists. She was accepted to Harvard Medical School, but having been excited by a summer working as a bench scientist in the laboratory of Joseph Gall at the University of Minnesota, she declined the invitati
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20decay
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In particle physics, particle decay is the spontaneous process of one unstable subatomic particle transforming into multiple other particles. The particles created in this process (the final state) must each be less massive than the original, although the total mass of the system must be conserved. A particle is unstable if there is at least one allowed final state that it can decay into. Unstable particles will often have multiple ways of decaying, each with its own associated probability. Decays are mediated by one or several fundamental forces. The particles in the final state may themselves be unstable and subject to further decay.
The term is typically distinct from radioactive decay, in which an unstable atomic nucleus is transformed into a lighter nucleus accompanied by the emission of particles or radiation, although the two are conceptually similar and are often described using the same terminology.
Probability of survival and particle lifetime
Particle decay is a Poisson process, and hence the probability that a particle survives for time t before decaying (the survival function) is given by an exponential distribution whose time constant depends on the particle's velocity:
where
is the mean lifetime of the particle (when at rest), and
is the Lorentz factor of the particle.
Table of some elementary and composite particle lifetimes
All data are from the Particle Data Group.
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!Type
!Name
!Symbol
!Mass (MeV)
!Mean l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop%20McNally%20High%20School
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Bishop McNally High School is a part of the Calgary Catholic School District in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The school is named after John Thomas McNally, founder of the diocese who was appointed Bishop of Calgary from 1913 to 1924.
Academics
The school offers Advanced Placement classes in Art, Biology, Calculus, English, Social Studies, Mathematics, Science, French, European History, Chemistry, and Physics. French speaking students have the choice of taking the Extended French Program. Other modern languages as well are provided at the school including French Second Language (FSL) and Spanish. Students may choose to take the modern languages at a 10, 20, and 30 level.
The school is part of the Action for Bright Children Society.
Fine Arts
The school provides a prestigious range of fine arts courses. Students have a choice of taking any of their preferred courses in which are offered by the school. The courses of Art (which is also offered in Advanced Placement), Dance, Drama, Music and Technical Theatre are provided. The classes are course credit classes, and can be taken in either 3 credit or 5 credit.
YMCA Bishop McNally
The YMCA had formed a partnership with Bishop McNally allowing students the opportunity to sign up for a membership as well as offering existing YMCA members access to a variety of physical fitness facilities. The services are open to the public after school hours during the week and during the day each Saturday. However, a recent decision by the Y
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germline%20development
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In developmental biology, the cells that give rise to the gametes are often set aside during embryonic cleavage. During development, these cells will differentiate into primordial germ cells, migrate to the location of the gonad, and form the germline of the animal.
Creation of germ plasm and primordial germ cells
Cleavage in most animals segregates cells containing germ plasm from other cells. The germ plasm effectively turns off gene expression to render the genome of the cell inert. Cells expressing germ plasm become primordial germ cells (PGCs) which will then give rise to the gametes. The germ line development in mammals, on the other hand, occurs by induction and not by an endogenous germ plasm.
Germ plasm in fruit fly
Germ plasm has been studied in detail in Drosophila. The posterior pole of the embryo contains necessary materials for the fertility of the fly. This cytoplasm, pole plasm, contains specialized materials called polar granules and the pole cells are the precursors to primordial germ cells.
Pole plasm is organized by and contains the proteins and mRNA of the posterior group genes (such as oskar, nanos gene, Tudor, vasa, and Valois). These genes play a role in germ line development to localize nanos mRNA to the posterior and localize germ cell determinants. Drosophila progeny with mutations in these genes fail to produce pole cells and are thus sterile, giving these mutations the name 'grandchildless'. The genes oskar, nanos and germ cell-less (gcl) have
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Waldmann
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Ludwig Waldmann (June 8, 1913 in Fürth – February 9, 1980) was a German physicist who specialized in transport phenomena in gases. He derived the Waldmann-Snider equation.
Career
Waldmann completed his Ph.D. under Arnold Sommerfeld at the University of Munich in 1938. He was Sommerfeld’s assistant, at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, from 1937 to 1939. Waldman had been the scribe for Sommerfeld’s optics course in 1934, and Waldmann’s careful record of the lectures were the basis for Sommerfeld’s book Optics - Lectures on Theoretical Physics Volume IV.
After being granted his Ph.D. in 1938, his career spanned four decades with many publications to his name (at least 99):
1939–1943: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Munich
1943–1954: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft and the Max-Planck Institute (MPI) for Chemistry (In 1948 the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft facilities were named after Max Planck.)
1943–1944: in Berlin
1944–1949: in Tailfingen
1949–1954: in Mainz
1954–1963: Fellow (wissenschaftliches Mitglied) of MPI, Mainz
1963–1978: Chair for Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
1964/1965 Academic Year: Visiting professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota
1974: Molecular Physics Group, University of Leiden
1978: Retired
Waldmann, for many years, was the chairman of the Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics section of the German Physical Society. He was also a corresponding member of the International Union of Pure and Applied Phy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20Mathematics%20and%20Mathematical%20Sciences
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The International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed mathematics journal. It was established in 1978 by Lokenath Debnath and is published by the Hindawi Publishing Corporation.
The journal publishes articles in all areas of mathematics such as pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, theoretical mechanics, probability and mathematical statistics, and theoretical biology.
Indexing and abstracting
The journal is or has been indexed and abstracted in the following bibliographic databases:
EBSCO Information Services
Emerging Sources Citation Index
Mathematical Reviews
ProQuest databases
Scopus
Zentralblatt MATH
References
External links
Website prior to 3 March 2001
Academic journals established in 1978
Mathematics journals
Hindawi Publishing Corporation academic journals
Biweekly journals
English-language journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Lintott
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Christopher John Lintott (born 26 November 1980) is a British astrophysicist, author and broadcaster. He is a Professor of Astrophysics in the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford, and since 2023 is the Gresham Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College, London. Lintott is involved in a number of popular science projects aimed at bringing astronomy to a wider audience and is also the primary presenter of the BBC television series The Sky at Night, having previously been co-presenter with Patrick Moore until Moore's death in 2012. He co-authored Bang! – The Complete History of the Universe and The Cosmic Tourist with Moore and Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Brian May.
Education
Lintott attended Torquay Boys' Grammar School in Devon. In 1999, while still at school, he won a $500 Earth and Space Sciences award and the Priscilla and Bart Bok Honorable Mention Award at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for an article on 'Cosmic dust around young stellar objects'. This came from a six-week project at the University of Hertfordshire funded by a Nuffield bursary. He read Natural Sciences at Magdalene College, Cambridge and in 2006 received a PhD in astrophysics from University College London, for his thesis on the early stages of star formation supervised by Ofer Lahav.
Research and career
Lintott is co-director of the Programme on Computational Cosmology and Citizen Science Project Lead in the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adherent%20point
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In mathematics, an adherent point (also closure point or point of closure or contact point) of a subset of a topological space is a point in such that every neighbourhood of (or equivalently, every open neighborhood of ) contains at least one point of A point is an adherent point for if and only if is in the closure of thus
if and only if for all open subsets if
This definition differs from that of a limit point of a set, in that for a limit point it is required that every neighborhood of contains at least one point of Thus every limit point is an adherent point, but the converse is not true. An adherent point of is either a limit point of or an element of (or both). An adherent point which is not a limit point is an isolated point.
Intuitively, having an open set defined as the area within (but not including) some boundary, the adherent points of are those of including the boundary.
Examples and sufficient conditions
If is a non-empty subset of which is bounded above, then the supremum is adherent to In the interval is an adherent point that is not in the interval, with usual topology of
A subset of a metric space contains all of its adherent points if and only if is (sequentially) closed in
Adherent points and subspaces
Suppose and where is a topological subspace of (that is, is endowed with the subspace topology induced on it by ). Then is an adherent point of in if and only if is an adherent point of in
By assumption,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASEB%20Excellence%20in%20Science%20Award
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The Excellence in Science Award was established by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) in 1989 to recognize outstanding achievement by women in biological science. All women who are members of one or more of the societies of FASEB are eligible for nomination. Nominations recognize a woman whose career achievements have contributed significantly to further our understanding of a particular discipline by excellence in research.
The award includes a $10,000 unrestricted research grant, funded by Eli Lilly and Company.
Award recipients
Source: FASEB
1989 Marian Koshland
1990 Elizabeth Hay
1991 Ellen Vitetta
1992 Bettie Sue Masters
1993 Susan Leeman
1994 Lucille Shapiro
1995 Philippa Marrack
1996 Zena Werb
1997 Claude Klee
1998 Eva Neer
1999 Helen Blau
2000 Peng Loh
2001 Laurie Glimcher
2002 Phyllis Wise
2003 Joan A. Steitz
2004 Janet Rossant
2005 Anita Roberts
2006 Marilyn Farquhar and Elaine Fuchs
2007 Frances Arnold
2008 Mina J. Bissell
2009 Susan L. Lindquist
2010 Susan S. Taylor
2011 Gail R. Martin
2012 Susan R. Wessler
2013 Terry Orr-Weaver
2014 Kathryn V. Anderson
2015 Diane Griffin
2016 Bonnie Bassler
2017 Diane Mathis
2018 Lynne E. Maquat
2019 Barbara B. Kahn
2020 :
Lifetime Achievement : Brigid Hogan
Mid-Career Investigator : Aviv Regev
Early-Career Investigator : Karen Schindler
2021:
Lifetime Achievement : M. Celeste Simon
Mid-Career Investigator : Valentina Greco
Early-Career Investigator :
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viggo%20Stoltenberg-Hansen
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Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen, born 1942, professor at Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, is a Swedish mathematician/logician and expert on domain theory and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Viggo received his PhD in Mathematics (titled "On Priority Arguments In Friedberg Theories") from University of Toronto in 1973.
Work on domain theory
Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen and John Tucker developed in the early 1980s a general method of domain representations of topological algebras.
Viggo is the main author of the textbook "Mathematical Theory of Domains", Cambridge University Press, 1994 (coauthored by I. Lindström and E. Griffor), and also of a set of Marktoberdorf summer school lecture notes on domain theory.
Work on effective domains
Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen and John Tucker made a thorough analysis of the computability associated to effective algebras and continuity of homomorphisms between such.
Some References
V Stoltenberg-Hansen and J V Tucker, Effective algebras, in S Abramsky, D Gabbay and T Maibaum (eds.), Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, Volume IV: Semantic Modelling, Oxford University Press (1995), pp357–526.
V Stoltenberg-Hansen and J V Tucker, Computable rings and fields, in E Griffor (ed.), Handbook of Computability Theory, Elsevier (1999), pp363–447.
External links
Living people
Swedish mathematicians
Swedish logicians
Logicians
Academic staff of Uppsala University
1942 births
Swedish philosophers
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