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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitivity
Transitivity or transitive may refer to: Grammar Transitivity (grammar), a property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects Transitive verb, a verb which takes an object Transitive case, a grammatical case to mark arguments of a transitive verb Logic and mathematics Transitive group action...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20key%20certificate
In cryptography, a public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the validity of a public key. The certificate includes the public key and information about it, information about the identity of its owner (called the subject), and the digita...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20biology%20articles
Biology is the study of life and its processes. Biologists study all aspects of living things, including all of the many life forms on earth and the processes in them that enable life. These basic processes include the harnessing of energy, the synthesis and duplication of the materials that make up the body, the repro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion
Accretion may refer to: Science Accretion (astrophysics), the formation of planets and other bodies by collection of material through gravity Accretion (meteorology), the process by which water vapor in clouds forms water droplets around nucleation sites Accretion (coastal management), the process where coastal sed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloalkane
In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains), and all of the carbon-carbon bo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake%20%28physics%29
In fluid dynamics, a wake may either be: the region of recirculating flow immediately behind a moving or stationary blunt body, caused by viscosity, which may be accompanied by flow separation and turbulence, or the wave pattern on the water surface downstream of an object in a flow, or produced by a moving object (e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia%20%28disambiguation%29
Hypatia (c. 370–415), was a Greek scholar and philosopher who was considered the first notable woman in mathematics. Hypatia may also refer to: Fiction Hypatia (novel) by Charles Kingsley Hypatia, a character based on Hypatia of Alexandria in the series The Heirs of Alexandria by Mercedes Lackey, Eric Flint and Dave ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20layer
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing along the surface. The fluid's interaction with the wall induces a no-slip boundary condition (zero velocity at the wall). The flow velocity then monotonically increa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescence
Coalesce, coalescence or coalescent can refer to: Chemistry and physics Coalescence (chemistry), the process by which two or more separate masses of miscible substances seem to "pull" each other together should they make the slightest contact Coalescence (physics), the merging of two or more droplets, bubbles or pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry is a theoretical framework in physics that suggests the existence of a symmetry between particles with integer spin (bosons) and particles with half-integer spin (fermions). It proposes that for every known particle, there exists a partner particle with different spin properties. This symmetry has not bee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Lema%C3%AEtre
Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître ( ; ; 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian Catholic priest, theoretical physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain. He was the first to theorize that the recession of nearby galaxies can be explained by an expanding un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinear
Multilinear may refer to: Multilinear form, a type of mathematical function from a vector space to the underlying field Multilinear map, a type of mathematical function between vector spaces Multilinear algebra, a field of mathematics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na
NA, N.A., Na, nA or n/a may refer to: Chemistry and physics Sodium, symbol Na, a chemical element Avogadro constant (NA) Nucleophilic addition, a type of reaction in organic chemistry Numerical aperture, a number that characterizes a range of angles in an optical system nA, the symbol for nanoampere Naturally as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Armitage%20%28statistician%29
Peter Armitage CBE (born 15 June 1924) is a statistician specialising in medical statistics. Peter Armitage attended Huddersfield College and went on to read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge. Armitage belonged to the generation of mathematicians who came to maturity in the Second World War. He joined the weap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori%20Perelman
Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman (; born 13 June 1966) is a Russian mathematician who is known for his contributions to the fields of geometric analysis, Riemannian geometry, and geometric topology. In 2005, Perelman abruptly quit his research job at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, and in 2006 stated that he had qui...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeness
Closeness may refer to: closeness (mathematics) closeness (graph theory), the shortest path between one vertex and another vertex the personal distance between two people in proxemics Social connectedness Closeness (album), a 1976 album by Charlie Haden Closeness (film), a 2017 Russian film
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20optimization
In computer science, program optimization, code optimization, or software optimization is the process of modifying a software system to make some aspect of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources. In general, a computer program may be optimized so that it executes more rapidly, or to make it capable of operatin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull
Hull may refer to: Structures Chassis, of an armored fighting vehicle Fuselage, of an aircraft Hull (botany), the outer covering of seeds Hull (watercraft), the body or frame of a ship Submarine hull Mathematics Affine hull, in affine geometry Conical hull, in convex geometry Convex hull, in convex geometry ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna%20Circle
The Vienna Circle () of logical empiricism was a group of elite philosophers and scientists drawn from the natural and social sciences, logic and mathematics who met regularly from 1924 to 1936 at the University of Vienna, chaired by Moritz Schlick. The Vienna Circle had a profound influence on 20th-century philosophy,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamics%20%28mechanics%29
Dynamics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the study of forces and their effects on motion. Isaac Newton was the first to formulate the fundamental physical laws that govern dynamics in classical non-relativistic physics, especially his second law of motion. Principles Generally speaking, res...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prandtl%E2%80%93Glauert%20singularity
The Prandtl–Glauert singularity is a theoretical construct in flow physics, often incorrectly used to explain vapor cones in transonic flows. It is the prediction by the Prandtl–Glauert transformation that infinite pressures would be experienced by an aircraft as it approaches the speed of sound. Because it is invalid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1647%20in%20literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1647. Events Summer – Thomas Hobbes gives up his work as mathematics tutor to the future Charles II of England because of a serious illness. October 6 – London authorities raid the Salisbury Court Theatre, breaking up an illicit performanc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection%20cell
In fluid dynamics, a convection cell is the phenomenon that occurs when density differences exist within a body of liquid or gas. These density differences result in rising and/or falling convection currents, which are the key characteristics of a convection cell. When a volume of fluid is heated, it expands and become...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulation%20point
In mathematics, a limit point, accumulation point, or cluster point of a set in a topological space is a point that can be "approximated" by points of in the sense that every neighbourhood of with respect to the topology on also contains a point of other than itself. A limit point of a set does not itself have...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanation
Emanation may refer to: Emanation (chemistry), a dated name for the chemical element radon Emanation From Below, a concept in Slavic religion Emanation in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a belief found in Neoplatonism Emanation of the state, a legal term for a public service body Emanationism, an idea in the cosmology or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20cell
In geometry, biology, mineralogy and solid state physics, a unit cell is a repeating unit formed by the vectors spanning the points of a lattice. Despite its suggestive name, the unit cell (unlike a unit vector, for example) does not necessarily have unit size, or even a particular size at all. Rather, the primitive c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20Shafer
Glenn Shafer (born November 21, 1946) is an American mathematician and statistician. He is the co-creator of Dempster–Shafer theory. He is a University Professor and Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University. Early life and education Shafer grew up on a farm near Caney, Kansas. He received a bachelor's degre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-velocity
In physics, in particular in special relativity and general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetime that represents the relativistic counterpart of velocity, which is a three-dimensional vector in space. Physical events correspond to mathematical points in time and space, the set of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobra
Cobra is the common name of various snakes, most of which belong to the genus Naja. Biology All of the known cobras are venomous and many are capable of rearing upwards and producing a hood when threatened. Other snakes known as "cobras" While the members of the genus Naja constitute the true cobras, the name cobra i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20mathematics
In mathematics education, Finite Mathematics is a syllabus in college and university mathematics that is independent of calculus. A course in precalculus may be a prerequisite for Finite Mathematics. Contents of the course include an eclectic selection of topics often applied in social science and business, such as fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-phase%20electric%20power
In electrical engineering, single-phase electric power (abbreviated 1φ) is the distribution of alternating current electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors. A single-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality
Duality may refer to: Mathematics Duality (mathematics), a mathematical concept Dual (category theory), a formalization of mathematical duality Duality (optimization) Duality (order theory), a concept regarding binary relations Duality (projective geometry), general principle of projective geometry Duality princ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%20tetracarbonyl
Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a nickel(0) organometallic compound with the formula Ni(CO)4. This colorless liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel. It is an intermediate in the Mond process for producing very high-purity nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry, although the Mond Proc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for something that encloses; : septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lennard-Jones
Sir John Edward Lennard-Jones (27 October 1894 – 1 November 1954) was a British mathematician and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Bristol, and then of theoretical science at the University of Cambridge. He was an important pioneer in the development of modern computational chemistry and theoretic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennard-Jones%20potential
In computational chemistry, the Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential; named for John Lennard-Jones) is an intermolecular pair potential. Out of all the intermolecular potentials, the Lennard-Jones potential is probably the one that has been the most extensively studied. It is consider...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meniscus%20%28liquid%29
In physics (particularly fluid statics), the meniscus (: menisci, ) is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension. A concave meniscus occurs when the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the container (adhesion) is more ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Nelson
Graham A. Nelson (born 1968) is a British mathematician, poet, and the creator of the Inform design system for creating interactive fiction (IF) games. He has authored several IF games, including Curses (1993) and Jigsaw (1995). Education In 1994, Nelson received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Oxford un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic%20calculus
Stochastic calculus is a branch of mathematics that operates on stochastic processes. It allows a consistent theory of integration to be defined for integrals of stochastic processes with respect to stochastic processes. This field was created and started by the Japanese mathematician Kiyosi Itô during World War II. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20sensing
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation. The term is applied especially to acquiring information about Earth and other planets. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geoph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%20polynomials
In mathematics, the Bernoulli polynomials, named after Jacob Bernoulli, combine the Bernoulli numbers and binomial coefficients. They are used for series expansion of functions, and with the Euler–MacLaurin formula. These polynomials occur in the study of many special functions and, in particular, the Riemann zeta fun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20inverse
In mathematics, the additive inverse of a number (sometimes called the opposite of ) is the number that, when added to , yields zero. The operation taking a number to its additive inverse is known as sign change or negation. For a real number, it reverses its sign: the additive inverse (opposite number) of a positive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Wolfgang%20D%C3%B6bereiner
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (13 December 1780 – 24 March 1849) was a German chemist who is known best for work that was suggestive of the periodic law for the chemical elements, and for inventing the first lighter, which was known as the Döbereiner's lamp. He became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy for the Universi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruud%20Janssen
Ruud Janssen (born July 29, 1959, in Tilburg) is a Dutch Fluxus and mail artist currently living in Breda in the Netherlands. Life and Work Janssen studied physics and mathematics before he became active with mail art in 1980, doing several international mail art projects. From 1994 till 2001 he has conducted intervie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSJ%20decomposition
In mathematics, the JSJ decomposition, also known as the toral decomposition, is a topological construct given by the following theorem: Irreducible orientable closed (i.e., compact and without boundary) 3-manifolds have a unique (up to isotopy) minimal collection of disjointly embedded incompressible tori such that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenfunction
In mathematics, an eigenfunction of a linear operator D defined on some function space is any non-zero function in that space that, when acted upon by D, is only multiplied by some scaling factor called an eigenvalue. As an equation, this condition can be written as for some scalar eigenvalue The solutions to this e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard%20Herzberg
Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, (; December 25, 1904 – March 3, 1999) was a German-Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suslin%27s%20problem
In mathematics, Suslin's problem is a question about totally ordered sets posed by and published posthumously. It has been shown to be independent of the standard axiomatic system of set theory known as ZFC; showed that the statement can neither be proven nor disproven from those axioms, assuming ZF is consistent. (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20biconditional
In logic and mathematics, the logical biconditional, also known as material biconditional or equivalence or biimplication or bientailment, is the logical connective used to conjoin two statements and to form the statement " if and only if " (often abbreviated as " iff "), where is known as the antecedent, and the c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantification
Quantification may refer to: Quantification (science), the act of counting and measuring Quantification (machine learning), the task of estimating class prevalence values in unlabelled data Quantifier (linguistics), an indicator of quantity Quantifier (logic)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular%20matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faulty%20generalization
A faulty generalization is an informal fallacy wherein a conclusion is drawn about all or many instances of a phenomenon on the basis of one or a few instances of that phenomenon. It is similar to a proof by example in mathematics. It is an example of jumping to conclusions. For example, one may generalize about all p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSR
HSR may refer to: Biology and medicine Health services research Heat shock response, via HSPA1A gene Homogeneously staining region Transportation Hamilton Street Railway High-speed rail Higher-speed rail Hisar Junction railway station, in India Holyoke Street Railway Hot Springs Municipal Airport, South Dako...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncation
In mathematics and computer science, truncation is limiting the number of digits right of the decimal point. Truncation and floor function Truncation of positive real numbers can be done using the floor function. Given a number to be truncated and , the number of elements to be kept behind the decimal point, the tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor
Minor may refer to: Minor (law), a person under the age of certain legal activities. A person who has not reached the age of majority Academic minor, a secondary field of study in undergraduate education Music theory Minor chord Barbershop seventh chord or minor seventh chord Minor interval Minor key Minor scale ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter%20wave
Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being half of wave–particle duality. All matter exhibits wave-like behavior. For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like a beam of light or a water wave. The concept that matter behaves like a wave was proposed by French physicist Lou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%20factor
In physics and engineering, the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is. It is defined as the ratio of the initial energy stored in the resonator to the energy lost in one radian of the cycle of oscillation. Q factor is alternatively defined ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference%20%28computer%20science%29
In computer programming, a reference is a value that enables a program to indirectly access a particular data, such as a variable's value or a record, in the computer's memory or in some other storage device. The reference is said to refer to the datum, and accessing the datum is called dereferencing the reference. A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20operator
In mathematics, a delta operator is a shift-equivariant linear operator on the vector space of polynomials in a variable over a field that reduces degrees by one. To say that is shift-equivariant means that if , then In other words, if is a "shift" of , then is also a shift of , and has the same "shifting vecto...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s%20law
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force () needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance () scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, where is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and is small compared to the total possible deform...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effusion
In physics and chemistry, effusion is the process in which a gas escapes from a container through a hole of diameter considerably smaller than the mean free path of the molecules. Such a hole is often described as a pinhole and the escape of the gas is due to the pressure difference between the container and the exteri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molality
In chemistry, molality is a measure of the amount of solute in a solution relative to a given mass of solvent. This contrasts with the definition of molarity which is based on a given volume of solution. A commonly used unit for molality is the moles per kilogram (mol/kg). A solution of concentration 1 mol/kg is also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monge%20array
In mathematics applied to computer science, Monge arrays, or Monge matrices, are mathematical objects named for their discoverer, the French mathematician Gaspard Monge. An m-by-n matrix is said to be a Monge array if, for all such that one obtains So for any two rows and two columns of a Monge array (a 2 × 2 sub-m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False%20%28logic%29
In logic, false or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value and is a nullary logical connective. In a truth-functional system of propositional logic, it is one of two postulated truth values, along with its negation, truth. Usual notations of the false are 0 (especially in Boolean logic and computer scie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference
Difference commonly refers to: Difference (philosophy), the set of properties by which items are distinguished Difference (mathematics), the result of a subtraction Difference, The Difference, Differences or Differently may also refer to: Music Difference (album), by Dreamtale, 2005 Differently (album), by Cassi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative%20inverse
In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by 1/x or x−1, is a number which when multiplied by x yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a/b is b/a. For the multiplicative inverse of a real number, divide 1 by the number. For example, the recip...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Electric
The Western Electric Company was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company officially founded in 1869. A subsidiary of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company for most of its lifespan, it served as the primary equipment manufacturer, supplier, and purchasing agent for the Bell System from 1881 u...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling%20and%20rising%20factorials
In mathematics, the falling factorial (sometimes called the descending factorial, falling sequential product, or lower factorial) is defined as the polynomial The rising factorial (sometimes called the Pochhammer function, Pochhammer polynomial, ascending factorial, rising sequential product, or upper factorial) is de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%E2%80%93Weinberg%20principle
In population genetics, the Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. These influences include genetic dr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Morris%20%28cryptographer%29
Robert H. Morris Sr. (July 25, 1932 – June 26, 2011) was an American cryptographer and computer scientist. Family and education Morris was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His parents were Walter W. Morris, a salesman, and Helen Kelly Morris, a homemaker. He received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Harvard Uni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd%E2%80%93Warshall%20algorithm
In computer science, the Floyd–Warshall algorithm (also known as Floyd's algorithm, the Roy–Warshall algorithm, the Roy–Floyd algorithm, or the WFI algorithm) is an algorithm for finding shortest paths in a directed weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights (but with no negative cycles). A single execution ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%20group
The Poincaré group, named after Henri Poincaré (1906), was first defined by Hermann Minkowski (1908) as the group of Minkowski spacetime isometries. It is a ten-dimensional non-abelian Lie group that is of importance as a model in our understanding of the most basic fundamentals of physics. Overview A Minkowski spac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%20space
In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) () combines inertial space and time manifolds with a non-inertial reference frame of space and time into a four-dimensional model relating a position (inertial frame of reference) to the field. A four-vector (x,y,z,t) consists of a coordinate axes such a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20group
In physics and mathematics, the Lorentz group is the group of all Lorentz transformations of Minkowski spacetime, the classical and quantum setting for all (non-gravitational) physical phenomena. The Lorentz group is named for the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz. For example, the following laws, equations, and theorie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fock%20space
The Fock space is an algebraic construction used in quantum mechanics to construct the quantum states space of a variable or unknown number of identical particles from a single particle Hilbert space . It is named after V. A. Fock who first introduced it in his 1932 paper "Konfigurationsraum und zweite Quantelung" ("Co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20a%20subgroup
In mathematics, specifically group theory, the index of a subgroup H in a group G is the number of left cosets of H in G, or equivalently, the number of right cosets of H in G. The index is denoted or or . Because G is the disjoint union of the left cosets and because each left coset has the same size as H, the inde...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20H.%20Coates
John Henry Coates (26 January 1945 – 9 May 2022) was an Australian mathematician who was the Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom from 1986 to 2012. Early life and education Coates was born the son of J. H. Coates and B. L. Lee on 26 January 1945 and grew up in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Diderik%20van%20der%20Waals
Johannes Diderik van der Waals (; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist famous for his pioneering work on the equation of state for gases and liquids. Van der Waals started his career as a schoolteacher. He became the first physics professor of the University of Amsterd...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20protocol%20notation
In cryptography, security (engineering) protocol notation, also known as protocol narrations and Alice & Bob notation, is a way of expressing a protocol of correspondence between entities of a dynamic system, such as a computer network. In the context of a formal model, it allows reasoning about the properties of such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akra%E2%80%93Bazzi%20method
In computer science, the Akra–Bazzi method, or Akra–Bazzi theorem, is used to analyze the asymptotic behavior of the mathematical recurrences that appear in the analysis of divide and conquer algorithms where the sub-problems have substantially different sizes. It is a generalization of the master theorem for divide-a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishna%20Saraswat
Krishna Saraswat is a professor in Stanford Department of Electrical Engineering in the United States. He is an ISI Highly Cited Researcher in engineering, placing him in the top 250 worldwide in engineering research, and a recipient of IEEE's Andrew S. Grove Award for "seminal contributions to silicon process technolo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delivery
Delivery may refer to: Biology and medicine Childbirth Drug delivery Gene delivery Business and law Delivery (commerce), of goods, e.g.: Pizza delivery Milk delivery Food delivery Online grocer Deed ("delivery" in contract law), as in "signed, sealed and delivered" Power delivery or electricity delivery, the process ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Wightman
Arthur Strong Wightman (March 30, 1922 – January 13, 2013) was an American mathematical physicist. He was one of the founders of the axiomatic approach to quantum field theory, and originated the set of Wightman axioms. With his rigorous treatment of quantum field theories, he promoted research on various aspects of mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomicrobiology
Geomicrobiology is the scientific field at the intersection of geology and microbiology and is a major subfield of geobiology. It concerns the role of microbes on geological and geochemical processes and effects of minerals and metals to microbial growth, activity and survival. Such interactions occur in the geosphere ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20capacity
Channel capacity, in electrical engineering, computer science, and information theory, is the tight upper bound on the rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a communication channel. Following the terms of the noisy-channel coding theorem, the channel capacity of a given channel is the highest info...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20engineering
Paper engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the usage of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics) and life sciences (e.g. biology and biochemistry) in conjunction with mathematics as applied to the converting of raw materials into useful paper products and co-products. The field applies various pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor
Rotor may refer to: Science and technology Engineering Rotor (electric), the non-stationary part of an alternator or electric motor, operating with a stationary element so called the stator ROTOR, a former radar project in the UK following the Second World War Rotor (antenna) In mechanical engineering, the rotor is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20M%C3%B6ssbauer
Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer (German spelling: Mößbauer; ; 31 January 1929 – 14 September 2011) was a German physicist best known for his 1957 discovery of 'recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence', for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics. This effect, called the Mössbauer effect, is the basis for Mössbau...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralism%20%28philosophy%29
Pluralism is a term used in philosophy, referring to a worldview of multiplicity, oft used in opposition to monism (the view that all is one) or dualism (the view that all is two). The term has different meanings in metaphysics, ontology, epistemology and logic. In metaphysics, it is the view that there are in fact man...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence
Coherence is a state or situation in which all the parts or ideas fit together well so that they form a united whole Coherence, coherency, or coherent may refer to the following: Physics Coherence (physics), an ideal property of waves that enables stationary (i.e. temporally and spatially constant) interference Co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciology
Glaciology (; ) is the scientific study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice. Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolic
Parabolic usually refers to something in a shape of a parabola, but may also refer to a parable. Parabolic may refer to: In mathematics: In elementary mathematics, especially elementary geometry: Parabolic coordinates Parabolic cylindrical coordinates parabolic Möbius transformation Parabolic geometry (disambiguation)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmon
In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechani...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JCB
JCB may refer to: JCB (company), a British manufacturer of heavy industrial and agricultural vehicles JCB Co., Ltd., originally Japan Credit Bureau, a credit card company based in Tokyo, Japan JCB Prize, a literary award sponsored by the company JCB "JCB" (song), a 2005 song by Nizlopi featuring a JCB excavator J...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE
GCE can mean: Galactic Center GeV excess Gas Control Equipment, GCE Group, Sweden General Certificate of Education Global citizenship education Google Compute Engine Ground combat element in the United States Marine Corps Guthrie Corridor Expressway, an expressway in Malaysia Grand canonical ensemble in statist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%20of%20attack
In fluid dynamics, angle of attack (AOA, α, or ) is the angle between a reference line on a body (often the chord line of an airfoil) and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving. Angle of attack is the angle between the body's reference line and the oncoming...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20object-oriented%20programming%20articles
This is a list of terms found in object-oriented programming. A Abstract class Accessibility Abstract method Abstraction (computer science) Access control Access modifiers Accessor method Adapter pattern Aspect-oriented B Bridge pattern Builder pattern Base class C Cast Chain-of-responsibility pattern Class Class hi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reification%20%28computer%20science%29
Reification is the process by which an abstract idea about a computer program is turned into an explicit data model or other object created in a programming language. A computable/addressable object—a resource—is created in a system as a proxy for a non computable/addressable object. By means of reification, something ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergraph
In mathematics, a hypergraph is a generalization of a graph in which an edge can join any number of vertices. In contrast, in an ordinary graph, an edge connects exactly two vertices. Formally, a directed hypergraph is a pair , where is a set of elements called nodes, vertices, points, or elements and is a set of pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20of%20paper%20folding
The discipline of origami or paper folding has received a considerable amount of mathematical study. Fields of interest include a given paper model's flat-foldability (whether the model can be flattened without damaging it), and the use of paper folds to solve up-to cubic mathematical equations. Computational origami ...