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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Justice%20%28Guantanamo%29
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Camp Justice is the name given to the portion of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base where the Guantanamo military commissions are held.
It was named by TSgt Neil Felver of the 122 Civil Engineering Squadron in a name the camp contest.
Initially the complex was to be a permanent facility, costing over $100 million.
The United States Congress overruled the Bush Presidency's plans.
Now the camp will be a portable, temporary facility, costing approximately $10 million.
On 2 January 2008 Toronto Star reporter Michelle Shephard offered an account of the security precautions reporters go through before they can attend the hearings:
Reporters were not allowed to bring in more than one pen;
Female reporters were frisked if they wore underwire bras;
Reporters were not allowed to bring in their traditional coil-ring notepads;
The bus bringing reporters to the hearing room is checked for explosives before it leaves;
200 metres from the hearing room reporters dismount, pass through metal detectors, and are sniffed by chemical detectors for signs of exposure to explosives;
Only eight reporters are allowed into the hearing room—the remainder watch over closed circuit TV;
On 1 November 2008 David McFadden of the Associated Press stated the 100 tents erected to hold lawyers, reporters and observers for the military commissions were practically deserted when he and two other reporters covered Ali Hamza al-Bahlul's military commission in late October 2008.
References
Guantanamo Bay captives lega
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20H.%20Field
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Elizabeth Hirak Field is an academic scholar and professor in the University of Iowa’s Department of Internal Medicine.
Education
Field received her BS degree in physics (magna cum laude) from Millersville University of Pennsylvania. She received her MD degree from Penn State's Hershey Medical Center, where she also performed her residency in internal medicine. She conducted a five-year postdoctoral fellowship in both immunology and rheumatology at Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Career and research
Field has served as a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, since 1986. She also directs the VA Medical Center. Iowa Regional Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory .
Field has conducted research in transplantation immunology, immunologic tolerance and CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells and has a patent pending for: CD4+CD25+ Inhibitory Hybridoma Clones. Field's research focuses on mechanisms of acquired immunologic tolerance by studying mouse models of neonatal tolerance and acquired tolerance in the adult.
In addition, she has written numerous articles for peer-reviewed publications and has a variety of ongoing research support work.
Awards and honors
VA Career Development Award, Northern Illinois Chapter of the Lupus Foundation
Outstanding Investigator of the Central Society for Clinical Research
Alumni Fellow Award, Penn State University College of Medicine
2006 M
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babak%20Hassibi
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Babak Hassibi (, born in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian-American electrical engineer, computer scientist, and applied mathematician who is the inaugural Mose and Lillian S. Bohn Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computing and Mathematical Sciences at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). From 2011 to 2016 he was the Gordon M Binder/Amgen Professor of Electrical Engineering. During 2008-2015 he was the Executive Officer of Electrical Engineering and Associate Director of Information Science and Technology.
He received an B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tehran in 1989 and an M.S. and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1993 and 1996, respectively. At Stanford, his adviser was Thomas Kailath. He was a Research Associate in the Information Systems Laboratory at Stanford University during 1997-98 and was a Member of the Technical Staff in the Mathematics of Communications Research Group at Bell Laboratories from 1998 to 2000. Since 2001 he has been at Caltech.
His research is broadly in communications, signal processing and control. Among other works, he has shown the h-infinity-optimality of the least mean squares filter, used group-theoretic techniques to design space-time codes and frames and to study entropic vectors, performed information-theoretic studies of various wireless networks (such as determining the capacity of the MIMO wiretap channel), constructed tree codes for interactive communication
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsaacRobot
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IsaacRobot is a biped humanoid robot, produced and realized by the IsaacTeam, a group of students of the Politecnico di Torino.
The project is a combination of several branches of engineering (mechanics, computer science, automation, electronics), and in March 2007 it was presented in its second version, under the name of I2Project.
Currently the purpose of the project is exclusively scientific and oriented to research, but possible fields of application are multiple and varied.
Above all, the studies that have been made give sensible cues to therapeutical areas, especially for people affected by motional disabilities; the legs, indeed, can reproduce the natural movements of human legs, utilizing their six freedom degrees.
Wide are the co-operations with physicians and experts in this field.
Isaac, besides, offers many solutions oriented to automation industry, embedded computer science, and Real Time software development.
Isaac is committed to the RoboCup, an international robotic-football competition, from the 2003 edition in Padova (except for the 2006 edition that took place in Bremen); it claims the second place in 2004 in Lisbon.
It has been a guest in the 2004 and 2006 editions of the SMAU in Milan.
The team has since been reformed in 2011 to continue work on a new prototype.
External links
Site of the project (archived)
Isaac, il robot calciatore del Politecnico, LASTAMPA.it
Humanoid robots
Polytechnic University of Turin
Robots of Italy
2003 robots
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobatteries
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Nanobatteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the nanoscale, particles that measure less than 100 nanometers or 10−7 meters. These batteries may be nano in size or may use nanotechnology in a macro scale battery. Nanoscale batteries can be combined to function as a macrobattery such as within a nanopore battery.
Traditional lithium-ion battery technology uses active materials, such as cobalt-oxide or manganese oxide, with particles that range in size between 5 and 20 micrometers (5000 and 20000 nanometers – over 100 times nanoscale). It is hoped that nano-engineering will improve many of the shortcomings of present battery technology, such as volume expansion and power density.
Background
A battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy and is composed of three general parts:
Anode (positive electrode)
Cathode (negative electrode)
Electrolyte
The anode and cathode have two different chemical potentials, which depend on the reactions that occur at either terminus. The electrolyte can be a solid or liquid that is ionically conductive. The boundary between the electrode and electrolyte is called the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Connecting a circuit across the electrodes causes the chemical energy stored in the battery to be converted to electrical energy.
Limitations of current battery technology
A battery's ability to store charge is dependent on its energy density and power density. It is important that charge can remain stored and tha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Sauveur
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Joseph Sauveur (; 24 March 1653 – 9 July 1716) was a French mathematician and physicist. He was a professor of mathematics and in 1696 became a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Life
Joseph Sauveur was born in La Flèche, the son of a provincial notary. Despite a hearing and speech impairment that kept him totally mute until he was seven, Joseph benefited from a fine education at the Jesuit College of La Flèche. At seventeen, his uncle agreed to finance his studies in philosophy and theology at Paris. Joseph, however, discovered Euclid and turned to anatomy and botany. He soon met Cordemoy, reader to the son of Louis XIV; and Cordemoy soon sang his praises to Bossuet, preceptor to the Dauphin. Despite his handicap, Joseph promptly began teaching mathematics to the Dauphine's pages and also to a number of princes, among them Eugene of Savoy. By 1680, he was something of a pet at court, where he gave anatomy courses to courtiers and calculated for them the odds in the game called "basset."
In 1681, Sauveur did the mathematical calculations for a waterworks project for the "Grand Condé's" estate at Chantilly, working with Edmé Mariotte, the "father of French hydraulics. Condé became very fond of Sauveur and severely reprimanded anyone who laughed at the mathematician's speech impairment. Condé would invite Saveur to stay at Chantilly. It was there that Sauveur did his work on hydrostatics.
During the summer of 1689, Sauveur was chosen to be the science and mathematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Minnesota%20College%20of%20Science%20and%20Engineering
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The College of Science and Engineering (CSE) is one of the colleges of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota. On July 1, 2010, the college was officially renamed from the Institute of Technology (IT). It was created in 1935 by bringing together the university's programs in engineering, mining, architecture, and chemistry. Today, CSE contains 12 departments and 24 research centers that focus on engineering, the physical sciences, and mathematics.
Rankings
The programs offered by the College of Science and Engineering are rated among the best in the nation, particularly in Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Mathematics, and Mechanical Engineering.
Departments
Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics
Biomedical Engineering
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Chemistry
Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Earth and Environmental Sciences (formerly called Geology and Geophysics)
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Industrial and Systems Engineering
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Physics and Astronomy
Additionally, CSE pairs with other departments at the University to offer a degree-granting program in Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, with CFANS (formerly two departments: Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, and Bio-based Products)
And two other CSE units grant advanced degrees:
Technological Leadership Institute (formerly Center for the Development of Techn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac%20%28cipher%29
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In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum.
Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure with key whitening. The round function uses only XORs and S-box lookups. There are two 8×8-bit S-boxes: one based on the discrete exponentiation 45x as in SAFER, the other using the multiplicative inverse in the finite field GF(28), as introduced by SHARK.
Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2119 encryptions.
References
Further reading
Broken block ciphers
Feistel ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20J.%20Klein
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Martin Jesse Klein (June 25, 1924 – March 28, 2009), usually cited as M. J. Klein, was a science historian of 19th and 20th century physics.
Biography
Klein was born in the Bronx, New York City. He was an only child and both his parents were schoolteachers. After graduating from James Monroe High School at the age of 14, he attended Columbia University, where he received a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1942 and a master's degree in physics in 1944. In 1948, he received a Ph.D. in physics under László Tisza at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
From 1949 to 1966, Klein was a member of the staff of the physics department of Cleveland's Case Institute of Technology, starting as an instructor and becoming a full professor in 1960. Throughout the 1950s, he became more interested in the history of physics. During this time, Klein contributed to the Theoretical Physics Department at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. During the academic year 1958–1959 he was a Guggenheim Fellow at the Lorentz Institute of the University of Leiden. He joined Yale University's Department of the History of Science and Medicine in 1967 and in 1971 became the chair of the department. In 1977, due to fiscal concerns, Yale University eliminated the department and Klein became a professor in the physics department, where he remained until his retirement.
From 1963 to 1979, Klein wrote 20 articles devoted exclusively to Einstein's work. From 1988 to 1998, he was the editor-in-chief o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20B.%20Feinberg
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David Barish Feinberg (November 25, 1956 – November 2, 1994) was an American writer and AIDS activist.
Biography
Early life
Born in Lynn, Massachusetts to Jewish parents, Feinberg grew up in Syracuse, New York. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, majoring in mathematics and studying creative writing with novelist John Hersey, graduating in 1977.
He subsequently worked as a computer programmer for the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) and also pursued a Master's degree in linguistics at New York University. He completed his first novel, Calculus, in 1979, although it has never been published. Feinberg himself described the novel as "godawful", telling one interviewer that it was a novel that "only an MIT math major could have written".
In the early 1980s, he joined a gay men's writing group, eventually creating the character B. J. Rosenthal, a young gay Jewish man, much like Feinberg himself who became the central character in virtually all of Feinberg's later writing. He contributed a humour column to the gay magazine Mandate in 1986 and 1987, which in turn led to his first book deal. The novel Eighty-Sixed was published in 1989, and won Feinberg the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Men's Fiction and the American Library Association Gay/Lesbian Award for Fiction. It was also cited by the Books to Remember Committee of the New York Public Library.
Feinberg tested positive for HIV in 1987, and joined the activist organization ACT UP.
He part
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20Theory
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Membrane Theory may refer to:
M-theory, a theory in physics that unifies all of the consistent versions of superstring theory
Membrane theory of shells, describes the mechanical properties of shells
Membrane potential, a theory that explained the resting potential of nerve and muscle as a diffusion potential
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20bundle
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In mathematics, a Clifford bundle is an algebra bundle whose fibers have the structure of a Clifford algebra and whose local trivializations respect the algebra structure. There is a natural Clifford bundle associated to any (pseudo) Riemannian manifold M which is called the Clifford bundle of M.
General construction
Let V be a (real or complex) vector space together with a symmetric bilinear form <·,·>. The Clifford algebra Cℓ(V) is a natural (unital associative) algebra generated by V subject only to the relation
for all v in V. One can construct Cℓ(V) as a quotient of the tensor algebra of V by the ideal generated by the above relation.
Like other tensor operations, this construction can be carried out fiberwise on a smooth vector bundle. Let E be a smooth vector bundle over a smooth manifold M, and let g be a smooth symmetric bilinear form on E. The Clifford bundle of E is the fiber bundle whose fibers are the Clifford algebras generated by the fibers of E:
The topology of Cℓ(E) is determined by that of E via an associated bundle construction.
One is most often interested in the case where g is positive-definite or at least nondegenerate; that is, when (E, g) is a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian vector bundle. For concreteness, suppose that (E, g) is a Riemannian vector bundle. The Clifford bundle of E can be constructed as follows. Let CℓnR be the Clifford algebra generated by Rn with the Euclidean metric. The standard action of the orthogonal group O(n) on Rn ind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldassarre%20Boncompagni
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Prince Baldassarre Boncompagni-Ludovisi (10 May 1821 – 13 April 1894), was an Italian historian of mathematics and aristocrat.
Biography
Boncompagni was born in Rome, into an ancient noble and wealthy Roman family, the Ludovisi-Boncompagni, as the third son of Prince Luigi Boncompagni Ludovisi and Princess Maria Maddalena Odescalchi. He studied under the mathematician Barnaba Tortolini and astronomer Ignazio Calandrelli, developing an interest in the history of science. In 1847 Pope Pius IX appointed him a member of the Accademia dei Lincei. Between 1850-1862 he produced studies on mathematicians of the Middle Ages and in 1868 founded the Bullettino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze matematiche e fisiche. After the annexation of the Papal States into the Kingdom of Italy (1870), he refused further participation in the new Academy of the Lincei, and did not accept the appointment as Senator of the Kingdom offered by Quintino Sella. He did, however, serve as a member of several other Italian and foreign academies.
Boncompagni edited Bullettino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze matematiche e fisiche ("The bulletin of bibliography and history of mathematical and physical sciences") (1868–1887), the first Italian periodical entirely dedicated to the history of mathematics. He edited every article that appeared in the journal. He also prepared and published the first modern edition of Fibonacci's Liber Abaci.
Selected works
Recherches sur les integrales définie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroamination
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In organic chemistry, hydroamination is the addition of an bond of an amine across a carbon-carbon multiple bond of an alkene, alkyne, diene, or allene. In the ideal case, hydroamination is atom economical and green. Amines are common in fine-chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries. Hydroamination can be used intramolecularly to create heterocycles or intermolecularly with a separate amine and unsaturated compound. The development of catalysts for hydroamination remains an active area, especially for alkenes. Although practical hydroamination reactions can be effected for dienes and electrophilic alkenes, the term hydroamination often implies reactions metal-catalyzed processes.
History
Hydroamination is well-established technology for generating fragrances from myrcene. In this conversion, diethylamine adds across the diene substituent, the reaction being catalyzed by lithium diethylamide. Intramolecular hydroaminations were reported by Tobin J. Marks in 1989 using metallocene derived from rare-earth metals such as lanthanum, lutetium, and samarium. Catalytic rates correlated inversely with the ionic radius of the metal, perhaps as a consequence of steric interference from the ligands. In 1992, Marks developed the first chiral hydroamination catalysts by using a chiral auxiliary, which were the first hydroamination catalysts to favor only one specific stereoisomer. Chiral auxiliaries on the metallocene ligands were used to dictate the stereochemistry of the p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20pre-Columbian%20engineering%20projects%20in%20the%20Americas
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Engineering in the Americas before the arrival of Christopher Columbus was advanced in agriculture, hydrology, irrigation systems, transportation, mechanical engineering, civil engineering and astronomy. In addition Native Americans made extensive use of fire to change the landscape and to create open areas for farming and hunting. Examples of pre-Columbian engineering from different indigenous civilizations can be found across North and South America.
North America
Pueblo Structures
Hohokam Canals
Chaco Canyon
Tenochitlan Flood Gates
Teotihuacan
Serpent Mound
Cahokia Mounds
South America
Inca road system
Nazca Lines
Machu Picchu
Sacsayhuaman
Chavin/Inca canals
Tiwanaku
Chan Chan
Anden
Zenu canals and drains
See also
Inca Empire
Incan agriculture
Kuelap
Paracas culture
Nazca culture
Caral
References
Americas-related lists
History of engineering
Pre-Columbian cultures
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20M.%20Schmidt
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Wolfgang M. Schmidt (born 3 October 1933) is an Austrian mathematician working in the area of number theory. He studied mathematics at the University of Vienna, where he received his PhD, which was supervised by Edmund Hlawka, in 1955. Wolfgang Schmidt is a Professor Emeritus from the University of Colorado at Boulder and a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Career
He was awarded the eighth Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Number Theory for work on Diophantine approximation. He is known for his subspace theorem.
In 1960, he proved that every normal number in base r is normal in base s if and only if log r / log s is a rational number. He also proved the existence of T numbers. His series of papers on irregularities of distribution can be seen in J.Beck and W.Chen, Irregularities of Distribution, Cambridge University Press.
Schmidt is in a small group of number theorists who have been invited to address the International Congress of Mathematicians three times. The others are Iwaniec, Shimura, and Tate.
In 1986, Schmidt received the Humboldt Research Award and in 2003, he received the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art. Schmidt holds honorary doctorates from the University of Ulm, the Sorbonne, the University of Waterloo, the University of Marburg and the University of York. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Books
Diophantine approximation. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 785. Springer. (1980 [1996 wit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumho%20Engineering%20and%20Construction
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Kumho Engineering and Construction is a Korean civil engineering and construction company based in South Korea.
It is a corporate member of the Kumho Asiana Group.
External links
Construction and civil engineering companies of South Korea
Kumho Asiana Group
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1967
South Korean companies established in 1967
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20chemical%20engineering
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to chemical engineering:
Chemical engineering – deals with the application of physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials, modern chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques – such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and biomedical engineering.
Essence of chemical engineering
Math
Chemistry
Physics
Fluid Mechanics
Chemical Reaction Engineering
Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics
Engineering Mechanics
Fluid Dynamics
Heat Transfer
Mass Transfer
Transport Phenomena
Green Chemistry and Sustainability
Process Control
Process Instrumentation
Process Safety
Unit Operation
Process Design
Chemical Process Modeling and Simulation
Engineering Economics
Branches of chemical engineering
Biochemical engineering
Biomedical engineering
Biotechnology
Ceramics
Chemical process modeling
Chemical Technologist
Chemical reactor
Chemical reaction engineering
Distillation Design
Electrochemistry
Fluid dynamics
Food engineering
Heat transfer
Mass transfer
Materials science
Microfluidics
Nanotechnology
Natural environment
Plastics engineering
Polymer engineering
Process control
Process design (chemical engin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker%20Lee%20Cisler
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Walker Lee Cisler (October 8, 1897 – October 18, 1994) was a noted American engineer, business executive, and a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Early life
Walker Lee Cisler was born on October 8, 1897, in Marietta, Ohio. Cisler received a degree in mechanical engineering from Cornell University in 1922. He was elected to the Sphinx Head Society during his senior year.
Career
Cisler held a variety of positions at the Public Service Electric and Gas Company in New Jersey, before being named in 1941 as chief of the Equipment Production Branch at the U.S. War Production Board. In mid-1943 he became chief engineer of power plants for Detroit Edison. In 1944, he was granted leave of absence after being appointed as chief of public utilities for Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force by General Dwight Eisenhower with responsibility for rebuilding electrical power plants in Europe. In this role, he served in Sicily, visited Russia, and in August 1944 entered Paris with General Charles de Gaulle. By 1945 the French electric system was generating more power than it had before the war.
After the war, Cisler returned to Detroit Edison as chief engineer, where he subsequently became executive vice president (1948), president (1951), chief executive officer (1954), and chairman of the board (1964). In 1967, Cisler became interested in supporting Northern Michigan University’s business programs. As a result of this, the University renamed the school of b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wender%20Taxol%20total%20synthesis
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Wender Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry describes a Taxol total synthesis (one of six to date) by the group of Paul Wender at Stanford University published in 1997. This synthesis has much in common with the Holton Taxol total synthesis in that it is a linear synthesis starting from a naturally occurring compound with ring construction in the order A,B,C,D. The Wender effort is shorter by approximately 10 steps.
Raw materials for the preparation of Taxol by this route include verbenone, prenyl bromine, allyl bromide, propiolic acid, Gilman reagent, and Eschenmoser's salt.
AB ring synthesis
The taxol synthesis started from the terpene verbenone 1 in Scheme 1, which is the oxidation product of naturally occurring α-pinene and forming ring A. Construction of ring B started with abstraction of the pendant methyl group proton by potassium tert-butoxide (conjugated anion is formed) followed by nucleophilic displacement of the bromine atom in prenyl bromide 2 to form diene 3. Ozonolysis of the prenyl group (more electron-rich than the internal double bond) formed aldehyde 4, which, after isomerization or photorearrangement to the chrysanthenone 5, was reacted with the lithium salt (via LDA) of the ethyl ester of propiolic acid 6 in a nucleophilic addition to the alcohol 7. This compound was not isolated but trapped in situ with trimethylsilyl chloride to the silyl ether 9. In the next step, Gilman reagent 8 is a methylating reagent in nucleophilic conjugate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FEA-M
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In cryptography, FEA-M (Fast Encryption Algorithm for Multimedia) is a block cipher developed in 2001 by X. Yi, C. H. Tan, C. K. Siew, and M. R. Syed.
With the unusually large block size of 4096 bits, all of FEA-M's calculations operate on 64×64 binary matrices. Unlike most block ciphers, FEA-M does not use multiple rounds of encryption. Each block is encrypted using just two multiplications and two additions. The data is encrypted using a pair of session keys chosen for just that message. The key is an invertible matrix used to encrypt the session keys, and the encrypted session keys must be sent along with the ciphertext. Since only invertible matrices can be used for the key, the effective key size is about 4094.2 bits.
FEA-M is insecure; an attack found by Youssef and Tavares (2003) recovers the secret key using only 1 known plaintext and 2 chosen plaintexts.
References
Further reading
Broken block ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20A.%20Kraus
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Charles August Kraus (August 15, 1875 – June 27, 1967) was an American chemist. He was professor of chemistry and director of the chemical laboratories at Clark University, where he directed the Chemical Warfare Service during World War I.
Later, he became professor of chemistry and director of the chemical laboratories at Brown University, and was a consultant to the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. His research contributed to the development of the ultraviolet lamp, to pyrex, and to the production of a leaded form of ethyl gasoline. He investigated the electrical conductance of liquid ammonia alkali metal solutions contributing to the development of the concept of solvated electron. He published more than 225 research papers.
He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society, American Chemical Society, American Physical Society, American Association of University Professors, Faraday Society,
Washington Academy of Sciences, and an Honorary Fellow of the Franklin Institute.
Awards
He was awarded several medals from the American Chemical Society, including the Priestley Medal in 1950. He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1938, the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1948, and the Willard Gibbs Award in 1935.
References
Mitchell, Martha. Encyclopedia Brunoniana. 1993. Retrieved January 1, 2007, from .
Servos, John W., Physical chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling : the making of a science in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulam%20number
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In mathematics, the Ulam numbers comprise an integer sequence devised by and named after Stanislaw Ulam, who introduced it in 1964. The standard Ulam sequence (the (1, 2)-Ulam sequence) starts with U1 = 1 and U2 = 2. Then for n > 2, Un is defined to be the smallest integer that is the sum of two distinct earlier terms in exactly one way and larger than all earlier terms.
Examples
As a consequence of the definition, 3 is an Ulam number (1 + 2); and 4 is an Ulam number (1 + 3). (Here 2 + 2 is not a second representation of 4, because the previous terms must be distinct.) The integer 5 is not an Ulam number, because 5 = 1 + 4 = 2 + 3. The first few terms are
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 26, 28, 36, 38, 47, 48, 53, 57, 62, 69, 72, 77, 82, 87, 97, 99, 102, 106, 114, 126, 131, 138, 145, 148, 155, 175, 177, 180, 182, 189, 197, 206, 209, 219, 221, 236, 238, 241, 243, 253, 258, 260, 273, 282, ... .
There are infinitely many Ulam numbers. For, after the first n numbers in the sequence have already been determined, it is always possible to extend the sequence by one more element: is uniquely represented as a sum of two of the first n numbers, and there may be other smaller numbers that are also uniquely represented in this way, so the next element can be chosen as the smallest of these uniquely representable numbers.
Ulam is said to have conjectured that the numbers have zero density, but they seem to have a density of approximately 0.07398.
Properties
Apart from 1 + 2 =
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafail%20Ostrovsky
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Rafail Ostrovsky is a distinguished professor of computer science and mathematics at UCLA and a well-known researcher in algorithms and cryptography.
Biography
Rafail Ostrovsky received his Ph.D. from MIT in 1992.
He is a member of the editorial board of Algorithmica
, Editorial Board of Journal of Cryptology and Editorial and Advisory Board of the International Journal of Information and Computer Security .
Awards
2022 W. Wallace McDowell Award "for visionary contributions to computer security theory and practice, including foreseeing new cloud vulnerabilities and then pioneering corresponding novel solutions"
2021 AAAS Fellow
2021 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to the foundations of cryptography"
2019 Academia Europaea Foreign Member
2018 RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics "for contributions to the theory and to new variants of secure multi-party computations"
2017 IEEE Edward J. McCluskey Technical Achievement Award "for outstanding contributions to cryptographic protocols and systems, enhancing the scope of cryptographic applications and of assured cryptographic security."
2017 IEEE Fellow, "for contributions to cryptography”
2013 IACR Fellow "for numerous contributions to the scientific foundations of cryptography and for sustained educational leadership in cryptography"
1993 Henry Taub Prize
Publications
Some of Ostrovsky's contributions to computer science include:
1990 Introduced (with R. Venkatesan and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20puzzle
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Pyramid puzzle may refer to:
Mathematics
Cannonball problem, a mathematical problem
Tower of Hanoi, a mathematical game
Other
Pyramid puzzle, a type of mechanical puzzle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharging%20method%20%28discrete%20mathematics%29
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The discharging method is a technique used to prove lemmas in structural graph theory. Discharging is most well known for its central role in the proof of the four color theorem. The discharging method is used to prove that every graph in a certain class contains some subgraph from a specified list. The presence of the desired subgraph is then often used to prove a coloring result.
Most commonly, discharging is applied to planar graphs.
Initially, a charge is assigned to each face and each vertex of the graph.
The charges are assigned so that they sum to a small positive number. During the Discharging Phase the charge at each face or vertex may be redistributed to nearby faces and vertices, as required by a set of discharging rules. However, each discharging rule maintains the sum of the charges. The rules are designed so that after the discharging phase each face or vertex with positive charge lies in one of the desired subgraphs. Since the sum of the charges is positive, some face or vertex must have a positive charge. Many discharging arguments use one of a few standard initial charge functions (these are listed below). Successful application of the discharging method requires creative design of discharging rules.
An example
In 1904, Wernicke introduced the discharging method to prove the following theorem, which was part of an attempt to prove the four color theorem.
Theorem: If a planar graph has minimum degree 5, then it either has an edge
with endpoints b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LFCS
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LFCS may refer to:
Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, a research institute in Edinburgh, Scotland
Linux Foundation Certified System, a certification program of the Linux Foundation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut%20Metzner
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Helmut Metzner (15 September 1925, Osnabrück, Germany – 20 September 1999, Tübingen, Germany) was a plant physiologist, Professor of Biochemical Plant Physiology at University of Tübingen, the founder of the European Academy of Environmental Affairs and a co-founder of the Weikersheim Think Tank.
Academic career
Metzner studied biology, physics and physical chemistry at the University of Münster and the University of Göttingen. He completed his studies in 1950 with a dissertation on the subject of "Elektrochemische Messungen an ungereizten Pflanzenzellen" (Electro-chemical measurements of unstimulated plant cells).
He received his doctorate in 1952 from the University of California, Berkeley, having worked under the direction of the pioneering plant biochemist, Melvin Calvin. He subsequently worked as an "Assistent" (postdoctoral fellow) at the Botanical Institute of the University of Münster, where he researched in the field of chloroplasts. After completing his training at the University of Göttingen, he qualified to become a professor with an investigation about "Veränderung der Blattproteine bei photoperiodischer Induktion" (Changes of leaf proteins by photo-periodic induction). He specialised in the biochemistry of photosynthesis.
In 1961, Metzner was offered a professorship at the University of Tübingen, where he became the founding director of the new Institute for Chemical Plant Physiology. In addition to the standard academic program, he also organised adult educ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-square%20%28disambiguation%29
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A T-square is a drafting and technical drawing tool.
T-square may also refer to:
T-shaped square (tool), in carpentry
T-square (fractal), in mathematics, a two-dimensional fractal
T-Square (software), an early drafting software program
T-Square (band), a Japanese jazz fusion band
A variation of grand cross in astrology
T-square position, a sexual position
Tsquared (born 1987), professional Halo player
See also
"Square-T", the code for the WW2 USAF 490th Bombardment Group
TT (disambiguation)
2T (disambiguation)
T2 (disambiguation)
Square (disambiguation)
The Square (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Kuzemsky
|
Alexander Leonidovich Kuzemsky (; born 1944) is a Russian (and former Soviet) theoretical physicist.
Biography
Kuzemsky studied physics at the Faculty of Physics in Moscow State University (1963—1969). He received B.Sc. degree in 1969 (promotor professor L. A. Maksimov, correspondent member of Russian Academy of Sciences). Kuzemsky gained his Ph.D. in theoretical and mathematical physics in 1970 (promotor professor Dmitry Zubarev) and Doctor of Sciences degree in theoretical and mathematical physics in 1985. Both degrees were obtained from the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna where he is a staff member since 1969. He is currently a leading researcher at the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics.
Research
Kuzemsky worked on the variety of actual and notable topics of the statistical physics and condensed matter physics: nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
quantum many-body theory quantum theory of magnetism
theory of scattering of slow neutrons in magnets,
superconductivity
theory of magnetic semiconductors and notable theory of the magnetic polaron
high-temperature superconductivity in layered compounds etc.
In series of his works the development of methods of quantum statistical mechanics was considered in light of their applications to quantum solid-state theory. He discussed fundamental problems of the physics of magnetic materials and the methods of the quantum theory of magnetism, including the method of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppo%20Levi
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Beppo Levi (14 May 1875 – 28 August 1961) was an Italian mathematician. He published high-level academic articles and books, not only on mathematics, but also on physics, history, philosophy, and pedagogy. Levi was a member of the Bologna Academy of Sciences and of the Accademia dei Lincei.
Early years
Beppo Levi was born on May 14, 1875, in Turin, Italy, and he was an older brother of Eugenio Elia Levi. He obtained his laurea in mathematics in 1896 at age 21 from the University of Turin under Corrado Segre. He was appointed an assistant professor at the University of Turin three months later and shortly thereafter became a full-time Scholar. Levi was appointed Professor at the University of Piacenza in 1901, at the University of Cagliari in 1906, at the University of Parma in 1910, and finally at the University of Bologna in 1928. The years that followed his last appointment saw the rise of Benito Mussolini's power and of antisemitism in Italy, and Levi, being Jewish, was soon expelled from his position at the University of Bologna. He emigrated to Argentina, as did many other European Jews at that time.
Life in Argentina
Levi chose Argentina because of an invitation by the engineer Cortés Plá, dean of the Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales Aplicadas a la Industria at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (currently Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura at the Universidad Nacional de Rosario) in the city of Rosario. Cortés
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Musser
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David "Dave" Musser is a professor emeritus of computer science at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, United States.
He is known for his work in generic programming, particularly as applied to C++, and his collaboration with Alexander Stepanov. Their work together includes coining the term "generic programming" in , and led to the creation of the C++ Standard Template Library (STL).
In , he developed the sorting algorithm called introsort (also known as introspective sort), and the related selection algorithm called introselect, to provide algorithms that are both efficient and have optimal worst-case performance, for use in the STL.
In 2007 he retired from Rensselaer.
Selected publications
References
External links
David Musser's home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-Cryptoxanthin
|
β-Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment. It has been isolated from a variety of sources including the fruit of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum.
Chemistry
In terms of structure, β-cryptoxanthin is closely related to β-carotene, with only the addition of a hydroxyl group. It is a member of the class of carotenoids known as xanthophylls.
In a pure form, β-cryptoxanthin is a red crystalline solid with a metallic luster. It is freely soluble in chloroform, benzene, pyridine, and carbon disulfide.
Biology and medicine
In the human body, β-cryptoxanthin is converted to vitamin A (retinol) and is, therefore, considered a provitamin A. As with other carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant and may help prevent free radical damage to cells and DNA, as well as stimulate the repair of oxidative damage to DNA.
Recent findings of an inverse association between β-cryptoxanthin and lung cancer risk in several observational epidemiological studies suggest that β-cryptoxanthin could potentially act as a chemopreventive agent against lung cancer. On the other hand, in the Grade IV histology group of adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma, moderate to high intake of β-cryptoxanthin (for second tertile and for highest tertile compared to lowest tertile, in all cases) was associated with poorer survival.
Other uses
β-Cryptoxanthin is also used as a substance to colour food products (INS number 161c)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication%20theorem
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In mathematics, the multiplication theorem is a certain type of identity obeyed by many special functions related to the gamma function. For the explicit case of the gamma function, the identity is a product of values; thus the name. The various relations all stem from the same underlying principle; that is, the relation for one special function can be derived from that for the others, and is simply a manifestation of the same identity in different guises.
Finite characteristic
The multiplication theorem takes two common forms. In the first case, a finite number of terms are added or multiplied to give the relation. In the second case, an infinite number of terms are added or multiplied. The finite form typically occurs only for the gamma and related functions, for which the identity follows from a p-adic relation over a finite field. For example, the multiplication theorem for the gamma function follows from the Chowla–Selberg formula, which follows from the theory of complex multiplication. The infinite sums are much more common, and follow from characteristic zero relations on the hypergeometric series.
The following tabulates the various appearances of the multiplication theorem for finite characteristic; the characteristic zero relations are given further down. In all cases, n and k are non-negative integers. For the special case of n = 2, the theorem is commonly referred to as the duplication formula.
Gamma function–Legendre formula
The duplication formula and the m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughan%20Hart
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Vaughan Hart is a leading architectural historian, and Professor Emeritus of Architecture in the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at the University of Bath. He served as head of department between 2008 and 2010.
Biography
Hart was born in Ireland in 1960 and spent part of his childhood in Hong Kong. He studied architecture at the University of Bath and University of Cambridge (Trinity Hall), where he was taught by Michael Brawne, Patrick Hodgkinson, Peter Smithson, Ted Happold and Dalibor Vesely. Smithson was his final year undergraduate tutor, and part of Hart's student project was exhibited in the 1986 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition where it won the RA Student Prize. Between 1985 and 1986 he worked as an architectural assistant to Sir Colin St John Wilson on the British Library project in London, and one of his drawings of the entrance hall is now in the RIBA drawing's collection at the V&A in London. Hart then moved to Cambridge to teach in Wilson's unit and study for a doctorate on Inigo Jones under Joseph Rykwert. Hart's thesis formed the basis for his first book, on the art and architecture of the Stuart Court, published by Routledge in 1994.
Publications
Hart's concerns lie in particular with the symbolic function of architecture, and with the sources and meaning of architectural forms. He has published widely in the field of architectural history, specialising in the Italian architectural treatises and in British architectural history of the Rena
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas%20Barkauskas
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Vytautas Barkauskas (25 March 1931 – 25 April 2020) was a Lithuanian composer and Professor of Composition of the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre.
Life and career
Barkauskas was born in Kaunas. He studied music at the Vilnius Conservatory with Antanas Račiūnas, a pupil of Nadia Boulanger. He also studied mathematics at the university's pedagogical institution. He achieved a degree in mathematics in 1953 and in composition in 1959. He taught at the conservatory from 1961 to 1974, again as a professor of composition from 1989.
Barkauskas was one of the most active avant-garde composers in Lithuania in the 1960s, influenced by Krzysztof Penderecki, Witold Lutosławski and György Ligeti. He moved later towards more intuitively arranged sounds, and writing more chamber music. "I do not restrict myself to any single, defined compositional system, but am constantly searching for a natural stylistic synthesis. I strive to make my music expressive, emotional and of a concerto type", he said.
His works have been performed at international festivals, competitions and concerts in various European, American and Asian countries, and have been interpreted by Yuri Bashmet, Juozas Domarkas, Lothar Faber, David Geringas, Joachim Greiner, Gidon Kremer, , Ruth Palmer and others.
In 2000, his composition Journey of the Princess. Fairy Tale, Op. 114, was awarded the prize of the composers' competition dedicated to on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of birth of Mikalojus Konstanti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenobiotica
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Xenobiotica is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes comprehensive research papers on all areas of xenobiotics. It is published by Informa plc and covers six main areas:
General xenobiochemistry, including in vitro studies concerned with the metabolism, disposition and excretion of drugs, and other xenobiotics, as well as the structure, function and regulation of associated enzymes
Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism, covering the pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and other xenobiotics in man.
Animal pharmacokinetics and metabolism, covering the pharmacokinetics, and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs and other xenobiotics in animals.
Pharmacogenetics, defined as the identification and functional characterisation of polymorphic genes that encode xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and transporters that may result in altered enzymatic, cellular and clinical responses to xenobiotics.
Molecular toxicology, concerning the mechanisms of toxicity and the study of toxicology of xenobiotics at the molecular level.
Topics in xenobiochemistry, in the form of reviews and commentaries are primarily intended to be a critical analysis of the issue, wherein the author offers opinions on the relevance of data or of a particular experimental approach or methodology.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal received a 2014 impact factor of 2.199, ranking it 134th out of 254 journals in the c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irell%20%26%20Manella%20Graduate%20School%20of%20Biological%20Sciences
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The Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (formerly the City of Hope Graduate School of Biological Sciences) is a graduate school for biology in the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California.
Program
The Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences is a doctoral and masters program that trains students to become research scientists with expertise in chemical, molecular, and cellular biology. Graduates of this program are awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Biological Sciences or the degree of Master of Science (M.S.) in Translational Medicine, and as such are equipped to address fundamental questions in the life sciences and biomedicine. Most graduates pursue careers in academia, industry, or government.
The school is housed at the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
See also
Beckman Research Institute
City of Hope National Medical Center
References
External links
Biological research institutes in the United States
Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California
Medical research institutes in the United States
1994 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1994
Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles
Private universities and colleges in California
City of Hope National Medical Center
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlink
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Interlink may refer to:
Hyperlinks
Interlink Electronics
Interlink (interbank network)
Interlink Airlines
Interlink Publishing
B-Train road trains in southern Africa
T. F. Green Airport (MBTA station), in Warwick, Rhode Island, US
Interlink Computer Sciences
Interlink, former trading name for a European parcel company, now owned by DPDgroup
INTERLNK, a DOS application
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%20numbers%20and%20exponential%20generating%20functions%20in%20symbolic%20combinatorics
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The use of exponential generating functions (EGFs) to study the properties of Stirling numbers is a classical exercise in combinatorial mathematics and possibly the canonical example of how symbolic combinatorics is used. It also illustrates the parallels in the construction of these two types of numbers, lending support to the binomial-style notation that is used for them.
This article uses the coefficient extraction operator for formal power series, as well as the (labelled) operators (for cycles) and (for sets) on combinatorial classes, which are explained on the page for symbolic combinatorics. Given a combinatorial class, the cycle operator creates the class obtained by placing objects from the source class along a cycle of some length, where cyclical symmetries are taken into account, and the set operator creates the class obtained by placing objects from the source class in a set (symmetries from the symmetric group, i.e. an "unstructured bag".) The two combinatorial classes (shown without additional markers) are
permutations (for unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind):
and
set partitions into non-empty subsets (for Stirling numbers of the second kind):
where is the singleton class.
Warning: The notation used here for the Stirling numbers is not that of the Wikipedia articles on Stirling numbers; square brackets denote the signed Stirling numbers here.
Stirling numbers of the first kind
The unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind count the numbe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20quaternion
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In mathematics, the dual quaternions are an 8-dimensional real algebra isomorphic to the tensor product of the quaternions and the dual numbers. Thus, they may be constructed in the same way as the quaternions, except using dual numbers instead of real numbers as coefficients. A dual quaternion can be represented in the form , where A and B are ordinary quaternions and ε is the dual unit, which satisfies and commutes with every element of the algebra.
Unlike quaternions, the dual quaternions do not form a division algebra.
In mechanics, the dual quaternions are applied as a number system to represent rigid transformations in three dimensions. Since the space of dual quaternions is 8-dimensional and a rigid transformation has six real degrees of freedom, three for translations and three for rotations, dual quaternions obeying two algebraic constraints are used in this application. Since unit quaternions are subject to two algebraic constraints, unit quaternions are standard to represent rigid transformations.
Similar to the way that rotations in 3D space can be represented by quaternions of unit length, rigid motions in 3D space can be represented by dual quaternions of unit length. This fact is used in theoretical kinematics (see McCarthy), and in applications to 3D computer graphics, robotics and computer vision. Polynomials with coefficients given by (non-zero real norm) dual quaternions have also been used in the context of mechanical linkages design.
History
W.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazuo%20Hirotsu
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was a Japanese novelist, literary critic and translator active in the Shōwa period.
Early life
Hirotsu was born in the Ushigome neighborhood in Tokyo as the second son of the noted novelist Hirotsu Ryurō, whose pupils included Kafū Nagai. He had problems completing Azabu Middle School due to poor health and his complete incompetence in mathematics. At the time he was also working part-time delivering newspapers, and his inability to add often meant that his parents had to make up for the short-fall in his accounts.
Literary career
However, Hirotsu did show a talent for literature from an early age. His literary debut came with a short story submitted to a contest in a newspaper when he was 17 years old. The story won a prize of 10 Yen, which was a reasonable sum of money in 1908. While attending Waseda University Hirotsu started submitting articles to various literary journals. One of his classmates at Waseda was Hinatsu Kōnosuke. In 1912, Hirotsu joined Zenzō Kasai in establishing a literary magazine, Kiseki (“Miracle”), to which he contributed short stories and translated works of foreign authors. The magazine ceased publication the following year after seven editions.
In 1913, Hirotsu published a translation of Guy de Maupassant's Une Vie, which marked the beginning of a career of literary criticism and translation of various European writers. The same year, he graduated from Waseda University, and his family was evicted from their rented house due to inability to pay
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Riley%20%28professor%29
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Norman Riley is an Emeritus Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of East Anglia in Norwich (UK).
Biography
Following High School education at Calder High School, Mytholmroyd he read Mathematics at Manchester University graduating with first class honours in 1956, followed by a PhD in 1959. Norman Riley served for one year as an Assistant Lecturer at Manchester University and then spent four years as a lecturer at Durham University before he joined the then new University of East Anglia in 1964, the year that saw the first significant intake of students to the university. Promotion to Reader in 1966 was followed by promotion to a Personal Chair in 1971. He retired in 1999. Married in 1959 he has one son and one daughter.
Research contributions
His research contributions in the field of fluid mechanics, over five decades, have included: unsteady flows with application to acoustic levitation and the loading on the submerged horizontal pontoons of tethered leg platforms; the aerodynamics of wings including leading-edge separation from slender wings and supercritical flow over multi-element wings; heat transfer and combustion including diffusion flames and detonation-wave generation; vortex ring dynamics; crystal growth, in particular the Czochralski crystal growth process. Throughout these investigations complementary numerical and asymptotic methods have featured.
Books
Drazin, Philip G., and Norman Riley. The Navier–Stokes equations: a classification of flows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency%20%28audio%29
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Latency refers to a short period of delay (usually measured in milliseconds) between when an audio signal enters a system and when it emerges. Potential contributors to latency in an audio system include analog-to-digital conversion, buffering, digital signal processing, transmission time, digital-to-analog conversion and the speed of sound in the transmission medium.
Latency can be a critical performance metric in professional audio including sound reinforcement systems, foldback systems (especially those using in-ear monitors) live radio and television. Excessive audio latency has the potential to degrade call quality in telecommunications applications. Low latency audio in computers is important for interactivity.
Telephone calls
In all systems, latency can be said to consist of three elements: codec delay, playout delay and network delay.
Latency in telephone calls is sometimes referred to as delay; the telecommunications industry also uses the term quality of experience (QoE). Voice quality is measured according to the ITU model; measurable quality of a call degrades rapidly where the mouth-to-ear delay latency exceeds 200 milliseconds. The mean opinion score (MOS) is also comparable in a near-linear fashion with the ITU's quality scale - defined in standards G.107, G.108 and G.109 - with a quality factor R ranging from 0 to 100. An MOS of 4 ('Good') would have an R score of 80 or above; to achieve 100R requires an MOS exceeding 4.5.
The ITU and 3GPP groups end-user
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry-oriented%20education
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Industry-oriented education is an approach to education from an industry perspective.
Definition
Industry oriented education is an approach to learning from an industry perspective where traditional subjects such as maths, physics and science are taught in the context of application of that knowledge to product design, development and operation.
With traditional technical teaching methodologies in educational environments, the conventional pathway is to build the foundation learning through subject based teaching of maths, physics and science independently. Subjects based on the knowledge required for the discipline usually follow on from this. The problem with this traditional methodology of learning is that there is no close relationship with industry requirements. Students may well graduate with no industrial oriented learning experience prior to their first job.
Practice
It has been applied to vocational education. It was only offered to sub-degree education and industry training until 2004. Since 2004 Industry Oriented Education has been introduced to higher education as part of study for undergraduate degrees and Master's degrees.
Examples
As an example, the course of Electronics Technology in the Bachelor of Applied Technology is directly linked to industry and the focus is on an industrial product such as a Switch-mode power supply. The internal components form the topics for study: this includes the mechanical design for the enclosure, electronic design includ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Doak
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David Doak () is a Northern Irish video game designer. Originally from Belfast, he later moved to England, where he studied at Oxford University on biochemistry specialty and worked as a research scientist.
Doak began his video game career working with Rare where he provided network support for Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! and helped develop the critically acclaimed GoldenEye 007 and Perfect Dark for the Nintendo 64. His facial likeness and name were used for a non-player character in GoldenEye 007, a scientist named Dr. Doak. Several of the guards also bear his likeness.
Doak and video game composer Graeme Norgate left Rare in 1998 to start Free Radical Design. From there he worked on the video game series TimeSplitters and two other video games called Haze and Second Sight.
Doak left Free Radical - now known as Deep Silver Dambuster Studios - in 2009 and set up his own Nottingham-based studio, Zinkyzonk, which would develop games for Facebook. The company evolved from his defunct studio Pumpkin Beach. Zinkyzonk released its first game, Gangsta Zombies, on 11 July 2010 in partnership with Jolt Online Gaming. The company was dissolved in April 2013.
Since 2016, Doak lectures at Norwich University of the Arts.
On 19 May 2021, Deep Silver announced the reformation of Free Radical Design with David Doak and Steve Ellis as studio heads to make a new TimeSplitters game.
References
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Businesspeople from B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemirani%20Ensemble
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The Chemirani ensemble is a notable Persian classical music ensemble.
The group is made of Chemirani family:
Bijan Chemirani
Djamchid Chemirani
Keyvan Chemirani
Maryam Chemirani
In 1988, the Chemirani Trio (Bijan, Keyvan and Jamshid) was born and their special chemistry and peerless virtuosity has popularised the zarb.
Djamchid Chemirani was born in Tehran in 1942. he has studied the zarb, also called the tombak, since the age of eight. His teacher was Hossein Tehrani. Under Tehrani's demanding tutelage, Chemirani made rapid progress and soon became a brilliant player. Since his arrival in Paris in 1961 he has taught at the Centre d'Etudes de Musique Orientale in the Paris Sorbonne Institut de Musicologie. He has performed with eminent Iranian musicians Dariush Safvat, Daryush Talai and Madjid Kiani.
Born in Paris in 1968, Keyvan Chemirani started learning the zarb at the age of 13. Taught by his father, he soon assimilated the traditional technique. He studied for his masters in mathematics until 1989, when he launched an international career as soloist and accompanist.
Bijan Chemirani began studying zarb early on with his father Djamchid and his brother Keyvan. He also plays the daf, riqq, and cajon. He has issued an album, Gulistan:Rose Garden along with Ross Daly.
Since their inception as rhythmic masters, the trio Chemirani have branched out (both individually and as a group) inter-culturally. They've recorded and performed with folk and classical music genii from
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hardy%20%28geneticist%29
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Sir John Anthony Hardy (born 9 November 1954) is a human geneticist and molecular biologist at the Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies at University College London with research interests in neurological diseases.
Education
Hardy attended St Ambrose College in the late 1960s, where his interest in biochemistry was encouraged by his Biology teacher, Mrs Cox. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Leeds in 1976 and his PhD from Imperial College London in 1981 for research on dopamine and amino acid neuropharmacology.
Career and research
Following his PhD, Hardy did postdoctoral research at the MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit in Newcastle upon Tyne, England and then further postdoctoral work at the Swedish Brain Bank in Umeå, Sweden where he started to work on Alzheimer's disease.
He became Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London in 1985 and initiated genetic studies of Alzheimer's disease there. He became Associate Professor in 1989 and then took the Pfeiffer Endowed Chair of Alzheimer's Research at the University of South Florida, in Tampa in 1992. In 1996 he moved to Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, as Consultant and Professor of Neuroscience.
He became Chair of Neuroscience in 2000 and moved to National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, as Chief of the Laboratory of Neurogenetics in 2001. In 2007 he took up the Chair of Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease at the Reta Lila W
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series%20acceleration
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In mathematics, series acceleration is one of a collection of sequence transformations for improving the rate of convergence of a series. Techniques for series acceleration are often applied in numerical analysis, where they are used to improve the speed of numerical integration. Series acceleration techniques may also be used, for example, to obtain a variety of identities on special functions. Thus, the Euler transform applied to the hypergeometric series gives some of the classic, well-known hypergeometric series identities.
Definition
Given a sequence
having a limit
an accelerated series is a second sequence
which converges faster to than the original sequence, in the sense that
If the original sequence is divergent, the sequence transformation acts as an extrapolation method to the antilimit .
The mappings from the original to the transformed series may be linear (as defined in the article sequence transformations), or non-linear. In general, the non-linear sequence transformations tend to be more powerful.
Overview
Two classical techniques for series acceleration are Euler's transformation of series and Kummer's transformation of series. A variety of much more rapidly convergent and special-case tools have been developed in the 20th century, including Richardson extrapolation, introduced by Lewis Fry Richardson in the early 20th century but also known and used by Katahiro Takebe in 1722; the Aitken delta-squared process, introduced by Alexander Aitken in 1926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s%20Leaning%20Tower%20of%20Pisa%20experiment
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Between 1589 and 1592, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (then professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa) is said to have dropped two spheres of the same volume but different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that their time of descent was independent of their mass, according to a biography by Galileo's pupil Vincenzo Viviani, composed in 1654 and published in 1717. The basic premise had already been demonstrated by Italian experimenters a few decades earlier.
According to the story, Galileo discovered through this experiment that the objects fell with the same acceleration, proving his prediction true, while at the same time disproving Aristotle's theory of gravity (which states that objects fall at speed proportional to their mass). Most historians consider it to have been a thought experiment rather than a physical test.
Background
The 6th-century Byzantine Greek philosopher and Aristotelian commentator John Philoponus argued that the Aristotelian assertion that objects fall proportionately to their weight was incorrect. By 1544, according to Benedetto Varchi, the Aristotelian premise was disproven experimentally by at least two Italians. In 1551, Domingo de Soto suggested that objects in free fall accelerate uniformly. Two years later, mathematician Giambattista Benedetti questioned why two balls, one made of iron and one of wood, would fall at the same speed. All of this preceded the 1564 birth of Galileo Galilei.
Delft tower experimen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Decety
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Jean Decety is an American–French neuroscientist specializing in developmental neuroscience, affective neuroscience, and social neuroscience. His research focuses on the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underpinning social cognition, particularly social decision-making, empathy, moral reasoning, altruism, pro-social behavior, and more generally interpersonal relationships. He is Irving B. Harris Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago.
Background
Jean Decety obtained three advanced master's degrees in 1985 (neuroscience), in 1986 (cognitive psychology), and in 1987 (biomedical engineering science) and was awarded a Ph.D. in 1989 (neurobiology - medicine) from the Université Claude Bernard. After receiving his doctorate, he worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the hospital in Lund (Sweden) in the Department of Neurophysiology, then in the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm (Sweden) in the Departments of Neurophysiology and Neuroradiology. He then joined the National Institute for Medical Research (INSERM) in Lyon (France) until 2001.
Decety is currently professor at the University of Chicago and the College, with appointments in the Department of Psychology, and in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience. He is the Director of the Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, and the Child NeuroSuite. Decety is a member of the Committee on Computational Neuroscience and the Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Neuroengineering. In
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSSS
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SSSS may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Ssss, music album by duo VCMG, Vince Clarke and Martin Gore, released in 2012
Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad, US TV series
SSSS.Gridman, anime series
Stand Still, Stay Silent, webcomic
She Said She Said, a song by The Beatles
Biology and healthcare
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a skin reaction
Organizations
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
Other uses
Only Unity Saves the Serbs (), a Serbian slogan initialized as СССС in Cyrillic, or SSSS in Latin.
Secondary Security Screening Selection in US airports
See also
4S (disambiguation)
S4 (disambiguation)
S (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20A.%20Beachy
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Philip Arden Beachy (born October 25, 1958) is Ernest and Amelia Gallo Professor at Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, California and an Associate at Stanford's Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.
Early life
Beachy was born in Red Lake, Ontario, on October 25, 1958. Beachy spent eight of his early years of life in the hills of central Puerto Rico. His father was a pastor of a rural church. He attended a school taught in Spanish during the day and then learned to read and write English once he came home from school. At nine, Beachy and his family returned to their home base of Goshen, Indiana where he began attending public school. At the early age of 16, Beachy headed off to Goshen College which was very close to home. At this time, Beachy still did not know of his love for science. “Unlike many people who knew they were going to be scientists from a very early age, I didn't decide that I would try to become a scientist until fairly late on in college,” he says.
Education
Beachy received his bachelor's degree in natural sciences at Goshen College. Beachy first envisioned himself as a doctor, but after his first year of college, he decided against pursuing that career. He then decided to focus on biological research. He became interested in this field after reading a serialized form of Horace Freeland Judson's book, The Eighth Day of Creation in The New Yorker. "Reading those articles got me excited about molecular biology," says Beac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20%C5%9Alopek
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Stefan Ślopek (1 December 1914 in Skawa near Kraków – 22 August 1995, Wrocław was a Polish scientist specializing in clinical microbiology and immunology.
He is the great grandson of Józef Juraszek Ślopek.
He is buried in the in Wrocław.
Education
After he had completed his secondary education in Tarnopol, he started his medical studies at the Faculty of Medicine in Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, having graduated in May 1939. In 1945, upon presentation of the thesis "O modyfikacji lwowskiej metody serologicznego badania kiły" (On Modification of the Lviv Method of Serologic Examination of Syphilis), he was granted a degree of M.D. at the Faculty of Medicine of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
Career
In 1948, he was promoted to the rank of associate professor (docent) on the basis of a dissertation within the subject of microbiology and serology.
In 1950 he was conferred a title of professor at the Department of Microbiology of the Silesian School of Medicine where he carried on his scientific research and in 1957 got a title of full professor.
In 1965 Stefan Ślopek was elected a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and in 1973 as its full member.
Stefan Ślopek was an outstanding specialist in the field of clinical microbiology and immunology. Motivated by his great interest in the above-mentioned subjects, as early as before the Second World War, he started working for a branch of the State Department of Hygiene in Lviv and at the sam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20S.%20Croot%20III
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Ernest S. Croot III is a mathematician and professor at the School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology. He is known for his solution of the Erdős–Graham conjecture, and for contributing to the solution of the cap set problem.
Education
Ernest Croot attended Centre College at Danville, Kentucky, where he received a B.S. in Mathematics and a B.S. in
Computer Science in 1994. In 2000, he completed a Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of Georgia under the supervision of Andrew Granville.
References
External links
Croot's personal web page at Georgia Tech
Mathematics Genealogy Project profile
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Mathematicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia Tech faculty
1972 births
Living people
University of Georgia alumni
Centre College alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner-Jauregg%20reaction
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The Wagner-Jauregg reaction is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry, named after (son of Julius Wagner-Jauregg), describing the double Diels–Alder reaction of 2 equivalents of maleic anhydride with a 1,1-diarylethylene. After aromatization of the bis-adduct, the ultimate reaction product is a naphthalene compound with one phenyl substituent.
The reaction is unusual in that the anhydride reacts with the aromatic ring. The presence of the additional alpha-phenyl group on the phenylethene (the styryl group) activates the styryl for a Diels–Alder reaction even at the expense of its aromaticity. In contrast, unactivated styrene reacts instead at the alkene alone via a linear polymerization reaction. Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer is formed, retaining the aromaticity of the styrene.
The Diels–Alder product can be re-aromatized using elemental sulfur at high temperature, followed by a second rearomatization by decarboxylation with barium hydroxide and copper:
References
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Cycloadditions
Name reactions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fries%20Frazer
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John Fries Frazer (8 July 1812 – 12 October 1872) was a University of Pennsylvania graduate and first assistant geologist to the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. He became a professor of Natural philosophy and Chemistry and in later years he became Vice Provost of the University of Pennsylvania.
Childhood
Frazer was born in Philadelphia on 8 July 1812, son of the successful lawyer Robert Frazer and grandson of Lieutenant Colonel Persifor Frazer, who had fought in the American Revolution.
He was the youngest of five children, taking his middle name from his mother, Elizabeth Fries, who died when he was about two years old. His father died in 1820, and he was placed in the custody of his maternal grandfather, John Fries.
His early education was at the school in Germantown, then at Captain Partridge's Military Academy in Connecticut for a year, after which he went to stay with Rev. Samuel B. Wylie in Philadelphia, who educated him at home.
Higher education
Frazer was admitted to the University of Pennsylvania in 1828, where he became interested in science. While at the university, and for some time after graduating, he assisted in the laboratory of professor Alexander Dallas Bache, where he studied magnetic variance and the Aurora Borealis.
He then studied law, and briefly practiced as a lawyer from 1833, before turning to the study of medicine.
He became a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences in September 1835 and of the Franklin Institute in November 1835.
He assis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neumont%20College%20of%20Computer%20Science
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Neumont College of Computer Science (formerly Neumont University, originally named Northface University) is a private for-profit career college in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was founded in 2003 by Graham Doxey, Scott McKinley, and Marlow Einelund. The college focuses on applied computer science and is accredited by Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.
Academics
Neumont's degree programs focus on the computer sciences offering three-year degrees in Computer Science, Business Technology Management, Software and Game Development, Web Design and Development, Information Systems and Cybersecurity, and Software Engineering. The college is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities to award associate and bachelor's degrees in computer science.
Recent history
From July through September 2007, Neumont briefly expanded to Virginia, leasing a suite in the Dulles Town Center mall. The expansion was cancelled after one academic quarter.
In August 2012, Neumont University announced plans to relocate its academic facilities and student housing to 143 South Main Street, Salt Lake City, an 11-story art deco building which formerly housed The Salt Lake Tribune. The school officially relocated to its downtown Salt Lake City location in June 2013, with the first new cohort of students beginning classes in October.
On July 28, 2017, president Shaun McAlmont announced the institution's name change from Neumont University to Neumont College of Computer Scie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIKS-1
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In cryptography, CIKS-1 is a block cipher designed in 2002 by A.A. Moldovyan and N.A. Moldovyan. Like its predecessor, Spectr-H64, it relies heavily on permutations of bits, so is better suited to implementation in hardware than in software.
The algorithm has a block size of 64 bits. It uses an 8 round structure in which half of the block determines the transformation of the other half in each round, similar to a Feistel cipher or RC5. In each round the key also undergoes a transformation dependent on the data. CIKS-1 uses four types of operations: data-dependent permutations, fixed permutations, XORs, and addition mod 4.
The designers of CIKS-1 didn't specify any key schedule for the cipher, but it uses a total key size of 256 bits. Kidney, Heys, and Norvell showed that round keys of low Hamming weight are relatively weak, so keys should be chosen carefully. The same researchers have also proposed a differential cryptanalysis of CIKS-1 which uses 256 chosen plaintexts.
References
Further reading
Broken block ciphers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20B.%20Sunderland
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Peter B. Sunderland is Professor of Fire Protection Engineering and Keystone Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park. He earned a Bachelor's Degree in mechanical engineering at Cornell University, a Master's Degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Michigan. Prior to joining the University of Maryland he worked at the National Center for Microgravity Research at the NASA Glenn Research Center.
Sunderland's research interests are in combustion and fire protection, including soot formation and oxidation, laminar diffusion flames, microgravity combustion, wildland fires, diagnostics development, refrigerant flammability, hydrogen flames, and vehicle fires. He has published 55 journal articles. His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, NASA, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Fire Protection Association. He is a member of the executive committee of the U.S. sections of the Combustion Institute and an Associate Editor of the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute.
Sunderland's awards include Fellow of The Combustion Institute, the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Award, the SAE International Ralph H. Isbrandt Automotive Safety Engineering Award, and the Poole and Kent Teaching Award.
References
External links
Department of Fire Protection Engineering
University of Maryland
NASA Glenn Researc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20structure
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Understanding the structure of the atomic nucleus is one of the central challenges in nuclear physics.
Models
The liquid drop model
The liquid drop model is one of the first models of nuclear structure, proposed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935. It describes the nucleus as a semiclassical fluid made up of neutrons and protons, with an internal repulsive electrostatic force proportional to the number of protons. The quantum mechanical nature of these particles appears via the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two nucleons of the same kind can be at the same state. Thus the fluid is actually what is known as a Fermi liquid.
In this model, the binding energy of a nucleus with protons and neutrons is given by
where is the total number of nucleons (Mass Number). The terms proportional to and represent the volume and surface energy of the liquid drop, the term proportional to represents the electrostatic energy, the term proportional to represents the Pauli exclusion principle and the last term is the pairing term, which lowers the energy for even numbers of protons or neutrons.
The coefficients and the strength of the pairing term may be estimated theoretically, or fit to data.
This simple model reproduces the main features of the binding energy of nuclei.
The assumption of nucleus as a drop of Fermi liquid is still widely used in the form of Finite Range Droplet Model (FRDM), due to the possible good reproduction of nuclear binding energy on th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Ludwig%20Taschenberg
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Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg (10 January 1818 Naumburg – 19 January 1898 Halle) was a German entomologist.
Life
After 1836 Taschenberg studied mathematics and natural sciences in Leipzig and Berlin. He went, then, as an auxiliary teacher to the Franckesche Stiftungen and dedicated himself to arranging the important beetle collection of professor Germar and with the curation and study of the insect collection of the zoological museum particularly the entomology collections.
He worked as a teacher in Seesen for two years and then in five Zahna for five years but in 1856 he became “Inspektor“ at the zoological museum in Halle and in 1871 he was appointed extraordinary professor. His insect studies were mainly applied to agriculture, horticulture and silviculture and he is an important figure in the history of Economic entomology. He also described new insect species in several orders. His son Ernst Otto Wilhelm Taschenberg was also an entomologist specialising in Hymenoptera.
Works
Was da kriecht und fliegt, Bilder aus dem Insektenleben. (Berlin 1861);
Naturgeschichte der wirbellosen Tiere, die in Deutschland den Feld-, Wiesen- und Weidekulturpflanzen schädlich werden. (Leipzig 1865);
Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands (Leipzig 1866);
Entomologie für Gärtner und Gartenfreunde. (Leipzig 1871);
Schutz der Obstbäume und deren Früchte gegen feindliche Tiere. (2. Aufl., Stuttgart 1879);
Forstwirtschaftliche Insektenkunde. (Leipzig 1873);
Das Ungeziefer der landwirtschaftlichen Kult
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Gottfried%20Hagen
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Karl Gottfried Hagen (24 December 1749 – 2 March 1829) was a German chemist.
Hagen was born and died in Königsberg, Prussia.
He founded the first German chemical laboratory at the University of Königsberg, thus establishing the scientific discipline of pharmaceutical chemistry in Germany. He worked as a professor in the field of physics, chemistry and mineralogy.
His daughter Johanna married the astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, and his daughter Louise Florentine married the physicist Franz Ernst Neumann. He was father of Carl Heinrich Hagen and Ernst August Hagen, and grandfather of Hermann August Hagen and Adolf Hermann Hagen.
Works
Lehrbuch der Apothekerkunst . Hartung, Königsberg; Leipzig 2nd ed. 1781 Digital edition / Dritte, rechtmäßige und verbesserte Ausgabe 1786 Digital edition / 1788 Digital edition /Vol.1 6th ed. 1806 Digital edition / Vol.1&2 7th ed. 1808 Digital edition / Vol.2 1821 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Grundriß der Experimentalpharmacie zum Gebrauch bey dem Vortrage derselben . Hartung, Königsberg / Leipzig 1790 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
References
External links
Biography
Another biography (German)
1749 births
1829 deaths
18th-century German chemists
Scientists from Königsberg
Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
19th-century German chemists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalen%E2%80%93Lettr%C3%A9%20rearrangement
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The Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry describing a rearrangement reaction of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol diacetate with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid. In this reaction one equivalent of water is lost, a double bond is formed at C10–C11 and importantly the methyl group at the C10 position migrates to the C5 position.
The reaction is first-order in steroid in the presence of an excess of sulfuric acid and the first reaction step in the reaction mechanism is likely the formation of a sulfate ester followed by that of a carbocation at C5 after which the actual rearrangement takes place.
References
Rearrangement reactions
Name reactions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOVA%20School%20of%20Science%20and%20Technology
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The NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA or NOVA SST) is a Portuguese faculty of the NOVA University Lisbon located at the Caparica Campus, near Lisbon.
The School operates with great autonomy and awards degrees in several engineering and natural sciences specializations.
FCT pioneered in offering the first strictly computer science degree in Portugal.
Organization
This faculty is divided in several departments, each one responsible for teaching the classes relative to its specific area.
The majority of classes are meant for the degrees supplied by the department, but there are a few classes that are common to all degrees (for instance math classes) which are taught to all students.
Notable Professors and Students
People who have been awarded a degree by the NOVA School of Science and Technology or otherwise have attended or lectured in this institution, include:
Elvira Fortunato, professor, physicist, engineer, and minister.
António Câmara, professor, and entrepreneur.
Carmona Rodrigues, professor, engineer, and politician.
Miguel Telles Antunes, paleontologist.
Octávio Mateus, paleontologist, and biologist.
Notes
External links
Official website
NOVA University Lisbon
1977 establishments in Portugal
Educational institutions established in 1977
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral%20color
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In particle physics phenomenology, chiral color is a speculative model which extends quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the generally accepted theory for the strong interactions of quarks. QCD is a gauge field theory based on a gauge group known as color SU(3)C with an octet of colored gluons acting as the force carriers between a triplet of colored quarks.
In Chiral Color, QCD is extended to a gauge group which is SU(3)L × SU(3)R and leads to a second octet of force carriers. SU(3)C is identified with a diagonal subgroup of these two factors. The gluons correspond to the unbroken gauge bosons and the color octet axigluons – which couple strongly to the quarks – are massive. Hence the name is Chiral Color. Although Chiral Color has presently no experimental support, it has the "aesthetic" advantage of rendering the Standard Model more similar in its treatment of the two short range forces, strong and weak interactions.
Unlike gluons, the axigluons are predicted to be massive. Extensive searches for axigluons at CERN and Fermilab have placed a lower bound on the axigluon mass of about . Axigluons may be discovered when collisions are studied with higher energy at the Large Hadron Collider.
References
Physics beyond the Standard Model
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumboy%3A%20Crazy%20Adventures
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Gumboy: Crazy Adventures is a physics-based platform game released over Steam in 2006. It was developed by Czech developer CINEMAX, Ltd.
Gameplay
In Gumboy, the player controls the rotation of a physically simulated ball. You move around large, abstract levels by spinning, completing various goals and collecting powerups. Powerups can modify the shape of the Gumboy (for instance, turning him into a star), change the material of Gumboy (into gum, air, or water), or give the Gumboy special powers, such as the ability to stick to level features. In most levels, the Gumboy must acquire the magnetism powerup, which allows him to repel objects, and then guide objects to an NPC creature.
Reception
The game was generally well received by critics. Hyper'''s Tim Henderson commends the game for being "original, charming and incredibly atmospheric". However, he criticised it for "some moments of frustration".
Legacy
In May 2008, a sequel was released titled Gumboy Tournament''. The main addition to this game was multiplayer, both locally and online for up to nine players.
References
External links
Official website
Gumboy at Steam
CINEMAX, developer of the game
Gumboy: Crazy Adventures Review
2006 video games
Platformers
Video games developed in the Czech Republic
Windows games
Windows-only games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESSA-8
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ESSA-8 was a weather satellite launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on December 15, 1968, from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Its name was derived from that of its oversight agency, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA).
ESSA-8 was an 18-sided polygon. It measured in diameter by in height, with a mass of . It was made of aluminum alloy and stainless steel covered with 10,020 solar cells. The cells charged 63 nickel–cadmium batteries, which served as a power source. The satellite could take 8 to 10 pictures every 24 hours. Each photo covered a area at a resolution of per pixel.
ESSA-8's mission was to replace ESSA-6, and provide detailed cloud pattern photography to ground stations worldwide. Partners in the project included NASA, ESSA, RCA, the National Weather Service, and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NMC).
ESSA-8 operated for 2,644 days until it was deactivated on March 12, 1976.
References
External links
http://www.earth.nasa.gov/history/essa/essa8.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20060902131201/http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/Essa_Html/essa8.html
Spacecraft launched in 1968
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
Weather satellites of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20and%20technology%20in%20Germany
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Science and technology in Germany has a long and illustrious history, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Germany has been the home of some of the most prominent researchers in various scientific disciplines, notably physics, mathematics, chemistry and engineering. Before World War II, Germany had produced more Nobel laureates in scientific fields than any other nation, and was the preeminent country in the natural sciences.
The German language was an important language of science from the late 19th century through the end of World War II. After the war, because so many scientific researchers and teachers' careers had been ended either by Nazi Germany, the denazification process, the American Operation Paperclip and Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim, as well as simply losing the war, "Germany, German science, and German as the language of science had all lost their leading position in the scientific community."
Today, scientific research in the country is supported by industry, the network of German universities and scientific state-institutions such as the Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The raw output of scientific research from Germany consistently ranks among the world's highest. Germany was declared the most innovative country in the world in the 2020 Bloomberg Innovation Index and was ranked 8th in the WIPO Global Innovation Index in 2022.
Institutions
Foundations
Alexander von Humboldt Foundat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Herbert
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Andrew James Herbert, OBE, FREng (born 1954) is a British computer scientist, formerly Chairman of Microsoft Research, for the Europe, Middle East and Africa region.
Biography
Herbert received a bachelor's of science degree in computational science from the Leeds University in 1975, and a PhD degree in computer science from Cambridge University in 1978 for his work on "A Microprogrammed Operating System Kernel".
In 1978 he started working at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as assistant lecturer under Maurice Wilkes and Roger Needham in the Computer Laboratory, and worked with others on the "Cambridge Model Distributed System". In 1985 he left Cambridge to found his own contract research company (Architecture Projects Ltd – APM Ltd), which led projects to develop ANSA, the Advanced Network Systems Architecture. In 1996 he had founded another sister company called Digitivity to develop a product to enable the secure deployment of Java clients for business-to-business applications. Two years later he joined Citrix Systems Inc. following their acquisition of APM and Digitivity to become Director of Advanced Technology. In 2001 he joined Microsoft Research in Cambridge as an assistant director, and became managing director in April 2003. In 2010 he became chairman of Microsoft Research EMEA. He retired from Microsoft in September 2011.
Herbert is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the British Computer Society and a former Liveryman of th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20of%20Science%20and%20Technology
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The School of Science and Technology (SST) was an accredited, public high school located in Beaverton, Oregon, United States. It was a magnet program for students who have an interest in mathematics, life and physical sciences, and technology. It is part of the Beaverton School District (BSD). It was established in 1993, as the School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, and later renamed. SST moved at the end of 2015 to expanded and remodeled facilities at a site it shares with BSD's Health and Science School. For the 2020–2021 school year and onward, this school and the neighboring school, the Beaverton Health & Science School have merged to become the Beaverton Academy of Science and Engineering.
In 2017, U.S. News & World Report ranked SST as the best high school in Oregon. For 2015, the magazine had ranked SST second among public high schools in the Beaverton School District (first among schools offering AP programs), fourth in the state of Oregon, and 598th nationally. The Oregonian ranked SST first in its 2015 school performance ratings within the Beaverton School District.
History
SST began as a Certificate of Initial Mastery program called the School of Natural Resources Science and Technology (NRST) in 1993, and was one of the magnet programs at the then-new Merlo Station High School, located on S.W. Merlo Drive just west of the then-planned Merlo Road/SW 158th MAX Light Rail station (which opened in 1998). The school occupied an old warehouse, which
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Bishop
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Christopher Michael Bishop (born 7 April 1959) is a British computer scientist. He is a Microsoft Technical Fellow and Director of Microsoft Research AI4Science. He is also Honorary Professor of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh, and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge. Chris was a founding member of the UK AI Council, and in 2019 he was appointed to the Prime Minister’s Council for Science and Technology.
Early life and education
Christopher Michael Bishop was born on 7 April 1959 in Norwich, England, to Leonard and Joyce Bishop. He was educated at Earlham School in Norwich, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics from St Catherine's College, Oxford, and later a PhD in theoretical physics from the University of Edinburgh, with a thesis on quantum field theory supervised by David Wallace and Peter Higgs.
Research and career
Bishop investigates machine learning, in which computers are made to learn from data and experience. His former doctoral students include Neil Lawrence and Danielle Belgrave.
Publications
Bishop is the author of two highly cited and widely adopted machine learning text books: Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition and Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning.
Awards and honours
Bishop was awarded the Tam Dalyell prize in 2009 and the Rooke Medal from the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2011. He gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures in 2008 and the Turing Lecture in 2010. Bishop was elected a Fellow of the Royal Acade
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorokhod%27s%20embedding%20theorem
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In mathematics and probability theory, Skorokhod's embedding theorem is either or both of two theorems that allow one to regard any suitable collection of random variables as a Wiener process (Brownian motion) evaluated at a collection of stopping times. Both results are named for the Ukrainian mathematician A. V. Skorokhod.
Skorokhod's first embedding theorem
Let X be a real-valued random variable with expected value 0 and finite variance; let W denote a canonical real-valued Wiener process. Then there is a stopping time (with respect to the natural filtration of W), τ, such that Wτ has the same distribution as X,
and
Skorokhod's second embedding theorem
Let X1, X2, ... be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables, each with expected value 0 and finite variance, and let
Then there is a sequence of stopping times τ1 ≤ τ2 ≤ ... such that the have the same joint distributions as the partial sums Sn and τ1, τ2 − τ1, τ3 − τ2, ... are independent and identically distributed random variables satisfying
and
References
(Theorems 37.6, 37.7)
Probability theorems
Wiener process
Ukrainian inventions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triaxial
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Triaxial may refer to:
Triaxial cable (electrical cable)
Triaxial ellipsoid (mathematics, geometric shapes)
Triaxial test (Geotechnical engineering)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Masak
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Peter C. Masak (August 17, 1957 – May 22, 2004) was an engineer, inventor, and glider pilot. He graduated with a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in mechanical engineering in May 1981 from the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. He earned his glider pilot license at the age of 16 and his power pilot license at the age of 18, the minimum ages for both. Peter was a Canadian soaring record holder and represented Canada and later the United States in the World Gliding Championships. He logged almost 2000 hours of glider flight time. He was living in West Chester, Pennsylvania with his wife Adrienne and their three children when he died.
Winglets
In 1987, Peter Masak, worked together with Mark D. Maughmer, an associate professor of aerospace engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, to design winglets for his racing sailplane to improve performance. Others had attempted to apply Richard T. Whitcomb's NASA winglets to gliders before, and they did improve climb performance, but this did not offset the parasite drag penalty in high speed cruise. Masak was convinced it was possible to overcome this hurdle.
By trial and error, they developed successful winglet designs for gliding competitions. At the 1991 World Gliding Championships in Uvalde, Texas, the trophy for the highest speed went to a glider with Masak's winglets. Masak went on to win the 1993 U.S. 15 Meter Nationals gliding competition using winglets on his prototype Scimitar sailplane.
The Masak winglets
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Head-Gordon
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Martin Philip Head-Gordon (né Martin Philip Head) is a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory working in the area of computational quantum chemistry. He is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.
Education
A native of Australia, Head-Gordon received his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees from Monash University, followed by a PhD from Carnegie Mellon University working under the supervision of John Pople developing a number of useful techniques including the Head-Gordon-Pople scheme for the evaluation of integrals, and the orbital rotation picture of orbital optimization.
Career and research
At Berkeley, Martin supervises a group interested in pairing methods, local correlation methods, dual-basis methods, scaled MP2 methods, new efficient algorithms, and very recently corrections to the Kohn-Sham density functional framework. Broadly speaking, wavefunction based methods are the focus of his research. Head-Gordon is one of the founders of Q-Chem Inc.
Awards and honors
In 2015, Head-Gordon was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences.
References
Living people
Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
Australian emigrants to the United States
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1962 births
Computational chemists
Theoretical chemists
S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryochemistry
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Cryochemistry is the study of chemical interactions at temperatures below . It is derived from the Greek word cryos, meaning 'cold'. It overlaps with many other sciences, including chemistry, cryobiology, condensed matter physics, and even astrochemistry.
Cryochemistry has been a topic of interest since liquid nitrogen, which freezes at −210°C, became commonly available. Cryogenic-temperature chemical interactions are an important mechanism for studying the detailed pathways of chemical reactions by reducing the confusion introduced by thermal fluctuations. Cryochemistry forms the foundation for cryobiology, which uses slowed or stopped biological processes for medical and research purposes.
Low temperature behaviours
As a material cools, the relative motion of its component molecules/atoms decreases - its temperature decreases. Cooling can continue until all motion ceases, and its kinetic energy, or energy of motion, disappears. This condition is known as absolute zero and it forms the basis for the Kelvin temperature scale, which measures the temperature above absolute zero. Zero degrees Celsius (°C) coincides with 273 Kelvin.
At absolute zero most elements become a solid, but not all behave as predictably as this; for instance, helium becomes a highly unusual liquid. The chemistry between substances, however, does not disappear, even near absolute zero temperatures, since separated molecules/atom can always combine to lower their total energy. Almost every molecule o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Frahm
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Jens Frahm (born 29 March 1951 in Oldenburg, Germany) is a German biophysicist and physicochemist. He is Research Group Leader of the Biomedical NMR group at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, Germany (prior to January 1, 2022, at the former MPI for Biophysical Chemistry).
Early life and education
From 1969 to 1974 Frahm studied physics at the University of Göttingen. His PhD thesis under the guidance of Hans Strehlow at the MPI for Biophysical Chemistry was devoted to the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for a characterization of the molecular dynamics of hydrated ions in complex solutions. He received his PhD degree in 1977 in physical chemistry.
Career
Early
Working as a research assistant at the Göttingen MPI since 1977 Frahm formed an independent research team which focused on the new possibilities offered by spatially resolved NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – discovered in 1974, by Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield.
Biomedical NMR
In 1982 the Biomedical NMR group was formally founded and from 1984 to 1992 primarily financed via two substantial grants from the Ministry for Research and Technology of the German Federal Government. The primary aim of the projects was a more sophisticated development of the rather modest MRI techniques available in the early eighties – mainly with respect to speed and specificity. Already in 1985 the group presented a major breakthrough for the future development o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna%20Nasser%20%28academic%29
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Hanna Nasir (, alternately transliterated Hanna Nasser) is a Palestinian Christian academic and political figure. He holds a PhD in Nuclear Physics from Purdue University in the United States. Nasser was a long-time president of Birzeit University, which his father, Musa Nasser, founded. He directed the school's transition from a community college to an accredited university. In November 1974 Nasser was exiled by the Israeli authorities. He continued to serve as Birzeit's president in exile; while the school's vice-president managed its day-to-day business, Birzeit officials regularly visited Nasser in Amman to receive his input on major decisions.
Nasir served on the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization between 1981 and 1984 and held the position of Head of the Palestine National Fund between 1982 and 1984. Nasir, along with 29 other exiles, was allowed to return to the West Bank in May 1993 as the peace process got under way. He remained president of Birzeit until his retirement in 2004.
In 2002, Yasser Arafat appointed Nasir to the post of Chairman of the Palestinian Central Elections Commission (CEC). The CEC was established by the Palestinian Authority
in 1995 as an independent body, responsible for the conduct of elections in the Palestinian territories. In the post, Nasir oversaw the presidential election in 2005, the legislative election in 2006, and the local election in the West Bank in 2012 and 2017.
Personal
Hanna is the father of thr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20theory%20of%20aging
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The network theory of aging supports the idea that multiple connected processes contribute to the biology of aging. Kirkwood and Kowald helped to establish the first model of this kind by connecting theories and predicting specific mechanisms. In departure of investigating a single mechanistic cause or single molecules that lead to senescence, the network theory of aging takes a systems biology view to integrate theories in conjunction with computational models and quantitative data related to the biology of aging.
Implications
The free radical theory, describing the reactions of free radicals, antioxidants and proteolytic enzymes, was computationally connected with the protein error theory to describe the error propagation loops within the cellular translation machinery.
The study of gene networks revealed proteins associated with aging to have significantly higher connectivity than expected by chance.
Investigation of aging on multiple levels of biological organization contributed to a physiome view, from genes to organisms, predicting lifespans based on scaling laws, fractal supply networks and metabolism as well as aging related molecular networks.
The network theory of aging has encouraged the development of data bases related to human aging. Proteomic network maps suggest a relationship between the genetics of development and the genetics of aging.
Hierarchical Elements
The network theory of aging provides a deeper look at the damage and repair processes at the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf%20Larson
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Erik Gustaf Larson (8 July 1887 – 4 July 1968) was a Swedish automotive engineer and the co-founder of Volvo. He held a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in mechanical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
Biography
Larson was responsible for the technical design of the first Volvo model ÖV 4, introduced on 14 April 1927. He and Assar Gabrielsson founded Volvo. He was appointed vice president and technical manager for AB Volvo in Gothenburg, from the time the company was founded 1927. He worked for Volvo until his death in 1968.
Volvo
Invention and development
In June 1924, when Gustav Larson met his old friend Assar Gabrielsson in Skåne, Gabrielsson unveiled his plans to try to establish the manufacturing of a new Swedish automobile. Gustav Larson had worked for SKF between 1917 and 1919 but now worked for the company AB Galco in Stockholm. They made a verbal agreement in August 1924 at the Sturehof restaurant in Stockholm, then signed a written contract more than one year later, on 16 December 1925. In this contract Gustav was to carry out the engineering work for a new car, as well as an investment plan for a complete new manufacturing plant, but would only be rewarded for that work in case the project would turn out well. Well meant after at least 100 produced cars and in the case this was achieved before 1 January 1928. This famous contract shows that Assar Gabrielsson "owned" the project and that it was a high-risk project without any guaran
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Fox%20%28clarinet%20maker%29
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Stephen Fox is a British clarinetist, saxophonist and clarinet maker, based in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.
Born in England, Fox completed a master's degree in physics at the University of Saskatchewan before earning a degree in clarinet performance. He began a career in instrument repair in 1985 and started making clarinets in 1990. Fox makes modern soprano, basset, and bass clarinets, and basset horns. In addition he makes tárogatós, and is one of only a handful of makers of reproduction historical clarinets in the world. In 2006 he introduced the world's first Bohlen-Pierce clarinets. Fox clarinets are played by Toronto Symphony Orchestra principal clarinetist Joaquin Valdepenas, Canadian big band leader Don Pierre, klezmer artist Kurt Bjorling of the band Brave Old World, Norwegian clarinetist Terje Lerstad, Binghamton University music professor Timothy Perry, Swiss multi-instrumentalist Peter A. Schmid, and many others in Europe, Japan, the United States, and Canada. Fox also teaches musical instrument making at the Musikk Instrument Akademiet in Norway. As an instrumentalist, Fox performs and records with the chamber music groups Riverdale Ensemble and Ossia.
References
External links
Stephen Fox Clarinets
British clarinetists
Clarinet makers
British male saxophonists
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Living people
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century clarinetists
21st-century British male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLST
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SLST may refer to:
Sri Lanka Standard Time, the time zone for Sri Lanka
Sierra Leone Selection Trust, a mining finance house formed in 1934
Single-locus sequence typing, a kind of DNA sequence-based method used in Diagnostic microbiology
School of Life Sciences and Technology at Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
School of Life Science and Technology at ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Gray%20%28physicist%29
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Andrew Gray (2 July 1847 – 10 October 1925) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician.
Life
Born in Lochgelly, Fife, the son of John Gray, he was educated at Lochgelly School and then studied at the University of Glasgow (MA 1876), where he was appointed the Eglinton Fellow in Mathematics in 1876. Perhaps more significantly, however, in 1875 he became the assistant and private secretary of Professor William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin). He held this post – an official University one after 1880 – until 1884, when he was appointed Professor of Physics at the newly founded University College of North Wales.
In 1883 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Lord Kelvin, James Thomson Bottomley, and John Gray McKendrick. He served as vice-president to the society 1906 to 1909.
In June 1896 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
He remained in Bangor until 1899, when he returned to Glasgow to become the Professor of Natural Philosophy, succeeding Kelvin on his retirement. He held this chair for twenty-four years, stepping down in 1923, shortly before his death.
He lived on campus, his address being 11 University, Glasgow.
Publications
His major scientific publications included works on electromagnetism, dynamics and Bessel functions. He also wrote a treatise on gyrostats.
His FRS candidacy form itemised the following:
'Absolute Measurements in Electricity and Magnetism' (1889)
'A Treatise on Magnetism and Electricity'
'On the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tyler%20Bonner
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John Tyler Bonner (May 12, 1920 – February 7, 2019) was an American biologist who was a professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University. He was a pioneer in the use of cellular slime molds to understand evolution and development over a career of 40 years and was one of the world's leading experts on cellular slime moulds. Arizona State University says that the establishment and growth of developmental-evolutionary biology owes a great debt to the work of Bonner's studies. His work is highly readable and unusually clearly written and his contributions have made many complicated ideas of biology accessible to a wide audience.
Career
Bonner was the George M. Moffett Professor Emeritus of Biology at Princeton University. He was trained at Harvard University between 1937 and 1947, aside from a stint in the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1946. He soon joined the faculty of Princeton University, becoming the chairman of the Princeton Biology Department between 1966 and 1977, also in 1983-84 and 1987–88.
He held four honorary doctorates and was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1969 and the American Philosophical Society in 1972. He was made a National Academy of Sciences fellow in 1973.
He was a visiting scholar at the Indian Institute of Science in 1993 and the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1990. He has also been visiting faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semel
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Semel or Semels may refer to:
David Semel, American film, television director and producer
Harry Semels (1887–1946), American film actor
Stephen Semel, American film editor, director and producer
Terry Semel (born 1943), U.S. businessman, former chairman and chief executive officer of Yahoo! Incorporated
Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
Semel District, Duhok Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan region
See also
Simele (or Sumail), a town in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coparenting
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Co-parenting is an enterprise undertaken by parents who together take on the socialization, care, and upbringing of children for whom they share equal responsibility. The co-parent relationship differs from an intimate relationship between adults in that it focuses solely on the child. The equivalent term in evolutionary biology is bi-parental care, where parental investment is provided by both the mother and father.
The original meaning of co-parenting was mostly related to nuclear families. However, since the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, the principle that a child has to continue to maintain a strong relationship with both parents, even if separated, has become a more recognized right. Thus, the concept of co-parenting was extended to divorced and separated parents and to parents who have never lived together as well.
Married and cohabitation parents
Children benefit from more co-parenting, but the amount of co-parenting varies between couples. Bryndl Hohmann-Marriott has found that the level of collaborative co-parenting was higher among unmarried cohabitation parents and among those who married in response to pregnancy, compared to married couples that became pregnant during a marriage.
In a shared earning/shared parenting marriage, child care is divided equally or approximately equally between the two parents. In a parenting marriage, the parents live and raise their children together in a purpose-based marriage without p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Davies%20%28disambiguation%29
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Alan Davies (born 1966) is a British comedian and actor.
Alan Davies may also refer to:
Alan Davies (footballer) (1961–1992), English-born Welsh international footballer
Alan Davies, guitarist of the Soft Boys
Alan Davies (mathematician) (born 1945), professor of mathematics at the University of Hertfordshire, England
Alan Davies (poet) (born 1951), American poet, critic and editor
Alan Davies (charity executive), British chief executive of mental health charity Mind and local councillor
Alan Davies (rugby union coach) (born 1944), head coach of the Wales national rugby union team, 1991–95
Alan Davies (rugby league) (1933–2009), rugby league footballer of the 1950s and 1960s for Great Britain, England, Oldham, Wigan, Wakefield Trinity and Salford
Alan Davies (RAF officer) (1924–1998), British Royal Air Force officer
Alan Seymour Davies (born 1947)
Alan T. Davies (born 1933), professor of religion at the University of Toronto, Canada
Alan Fraser Davies (1924–1987), Australian political scientist and author
See also
Al Davies (disambiguation)
Al Davis (disambiguation)
Alan Davis (disambiguation)
Alun Davies (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Davies%20%28mathematician%29
|
Alan Davies (born 22 December 1945) is a British professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Hertfordshire.
He obtained a first class honours degree in mathematics (1968) from Southampton University. He followed that with a master's degree, with distinction, in structural engineering (1974) and a doctorate in numerical computation (1989) from Imperial College. He has spent most of his working life as an academic at the University of Hertfordshire (UH), formerly the Hatfield Polytechnic. He had short spells in industry working as a research engineer in the aircraft industry and as a process engineer in the food industry.
During his time in Hatfield his major activity has been teaching mathematics to undergraduates and postgraduates in mathematics, science and engineering. He has also been engaged in research in numerical computation. In 1992 he became Head of the Department of Mathematics and was appointed Professor of Mathematics and, in 2004, the Department merged with Physical Sciences and Davies was appointed head of the School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics. During his time as head of the department he became increasingly involved with outreach activities with both schools and the general public. He retired from his full-time post in 2006 and is currently Professor Emeritus in mathematics and a London Mathematical Society Holgate Lecturer. His particular interest in teaching is in applied mathematics and numerical computation, particularly to st
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure%20and%20Applied%20Chemistry
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Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published monthly by Walter de Gruyter and contains recommendations and reports, and lectures from symposia.
References
Chemistry journals
Academic journals established in 1960
De Gruyter academic journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20Science%20Services%20Administration
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The Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) was a United States Federal executive agency created in 1965 as part of a reorganization of the United States Department of Commerce. Its mission was to unify and oversee the meteorological, climatological, hydrographic, and geodetic operations of the United States. It operated until 1970, when it was replaced by the new National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The first U.S. Government organization with the word "environment" in its title, ESSA was the first such organization chartered to study the global natural environment as whole, bringing together the study of the oceans with that of both the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere. This allowed the U.S. Government for the first time to take a comprehensive approach to studying the oceans and the atmosphere, also bringing together various technologies – ships, aircraft, satellites, radar, and communications systems – that could operate together in gathering data for scientific study.
Establishment and mission
In May 1964, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Science and Technology, Dr. Herbert Holloman, established a special committee to review the environmental science service activities and responsibilities of the United States Department of Commerce. Committee members included the Director of the United States Weather Bureau, Dr. Robert M. White (1923–2015); the Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Rear Admiral Henry Ar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne%20Grunberg-Manago
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Marianne Grunberg-Manago (January 6, 1921 – January 3, 2013) was a Soviet-born French biochemist. Her work helped make possible key discoveries about the nature of the genetic code. Grunberg-Manago was the first woman to lead the International Union of Biochemistry and the 400-year-old French Academy of Sciences.
Early life
Grunberg-Manago was born into a family of artists who adhered to the teachings of the Swiss educational reformer Johann Pestalozzi. When she was 9 months old, Grunberg-Manago's parents emigrated from the Soviet Union to France.
Education and Research
Grunberg-Manago studied biochemistry and, in 1955, while working in the lab of Spanish-American biochemist Severo Ochoa, she discovered the first nucleic-acid-synthesizing enzyme. Initially, everyone thought the new enzyme was an RNA polymerase used by E. coli cells to make long chains of RNA from separate nucleotides. But although the new enzyme could link a few nucleotides together, the reaction was highly reversible and it later became clear that the enzyme, polynucleotide phosphorylase, usually catalyzes the breakdown of RNA, not its synthesis.
Nonetheless, the enzyme was extraordinarily useful and important. Almost immediately, Marshall Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthaei put it to use to form the first three-nucleotide RNA codons, which coded for the amino acid phenylalanine. This first step in cracking the genetic code entirely depended on the availability of Grunberg-Manago’s enzyme.
In 1959, Ocho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Soal
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Samuel George Soal (1889–1975) was a British mathematician and parapsychologist. He was charged with fraudulent production of data in his work in parapsychology.
Biography
Soal graduated with first class honours in mathematics from Queen Mary College (then East London College) in 1910. After service in World War I, in which he suffered shelling at the Battle of the Somme, he lectured in mathematics at Oxford in the Army School of Education, before returning as a lecturer to Queen Mary College, University of London. In 1944, he was awarded the D.Sc. from Queen Mary College, where he continued to lecture in mathematics until his retirement in 1954. In 1947, he presented the Ninth Myers Memorial Lecture to the Society for Psychical Research, largely on the topic of the card-guessing experiments he had been recently conducting. He served as president of the Society for the years 1950-1952. He was a Fulbright Scholar in 1951, for which he journeyed to the USA to work with J. G. Pratt at Duke University. He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship in Psychology at Birkbeck College, University of London for the years 1954-1958. Thereafter, he moved permanently to Caernarvonshire, Wales, where he had routinely holidayed for each year over the past few decades, and where he died in 1975.
Early qualitative studies
During this time, Soal demonstrated a personal as well as scientific interest in psychical research, becoming a member of the Society for Psychical Research in October 1922. He w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20hyperpolarizability
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Intrinsic hyperpolarizability in physics, mathematics and statistics, is a scale invariant quantity that can be used to compare molecules of different sizes. The intrinsic hyperpolarizability is defined as the hyperpolarizability divided by the Kuzyk Limit. This quantity is scale invariant and thus is independent of the energy scale and number of electrons in a molecule that is being evaluated for its nonlinear optical response. Therefore, it can be used to compare molecules of different shapes and sizes.
The Intrinsic Hyperpolarizability can be used as a figure of merit for comparing molecules for their usefulness in electro-optics applications.
See also
Molecular mechanics
Molecular modelling
Quantum chemistry
References
Nonlinear optics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derepression
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In genetics and cell biology, repression is a mechanism often used to decrease or inhibit the expression of a gene. Removal of repression is called derepression. This mechanism may occur at different stages in the expression of a gene, with the result of increasing the overall RNA or protein products. Dysregulation of derepression mechanisms can result in altered gene expression patterns, which may lead to negative phenotypic consequences such as disease.
Derepression of transcription
Transcription can be repressed in a variety of ways, and therefore can be derepressed in different ways as well. A common mechanism is allosteric regulation. This is when a substrate binds a repressor protein and causes it to undergo a conformational change. If the repressor is bound upstream of a gene, such as in an operator sequence, then it would be repressing the gene's expression. This conformational change would take away the repressor’s ability to bind DNA, thus removing its repressive effect on transcription.
Another form of transcriptional derepression uses chromatin remodeling complexes. For transcription to occur, RNA polymerase needs to have access to the promoter sequence of the gene or it cannot bind the DNA. Sometimes these sequences are wrapped around nucleosomes or are in condensed heterochromatin regions, and are therefore inaccessible. Through different chromatin remodeling mechanisms these promoter sequences can become accessible to the RNA polymerase, and transcription be
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Sennert
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Daniel Sennert (25 November 1572 – 21 July 1637) was a renowned German physician and a prolific academic writer, especially in the field of alchemy or chemistry. He held the position of professor of medicine at the University of Wittenberg for many years.
Biographical information
Daniel Sennert was born in 1572 in the city of Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), at the time part of the Habsburg monarchy. His father, Nicolaus Sennert, was a shoemaker from Laehn, Silesia.
Sennert attended the University of Wittenberg and received his master's degree in 1598 and his medical degree in 1601. In his early work, he demonstrated an avoidance of alchemical theory and an acceptance of Aristotelian theory. However, within a decade of receiving his medical degree he had changed to accepting alchemical transmutation and experimentation as valid. He published a number of popular books on alchemy and chemistry, several of which received a number of reprintings and translations. He served on the faculty at the University of Wittenberg for the rest of his life, serving six times as the Dean of the medical faculty at Wittenberg, and also served as the physician to many aristocrats and rulers, including John George I, Elector of Saxony. He died of the plague in 1637 in Wittenberg.
Scientific contributions
Sennert is notable for his contributions to the development of an early version of atomic theory. Specifically, he forms an intermediate bridge between the works of Geber and the more recognize
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Reppe
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Walter Julius Reppe (29 July 1892 in Göringen – 26 July 1969 in Heidelberg) was a German chemist. He is notable for his contributions to the chemistry of acetylene.
Education and career
Walter Reppe began his study of the natural sciences University of Jena in 1911. Interrupted by the First World War, he obtained his doctorate in Munich in 1920.
In 1921, Reppe worked for BASF's main laboratory. From 1923, he worked on the catalytic dehydration of formamide to prussic acid in the indigo laboratory, developing this procedure for industrial use. In 1924, he left research for 10 years, only resuming it in 1934.
Acetylene chemistry
Reppe began his interest in acetylene in 1928. Acetylene is a gas which can take part in many chemical reactions. However, it is explosive and accidents often occurred. Because of this danger, small quantities of acetylene were used at a time, and always without high pressures. In fact, it was forbidden to compress acetylene over 1.5 bar at BASF.
To work with acetylene safely, Reppe designed special test tubes, the so-called "Reppe glasses" — stainless steel spheres with screw-type cap, which permitted high pressure experiments. The efforts ended finally with a large number of interrelated reactions, known as Reppe chemistry.
"Reppe Chemie"
The high pressure reactions catalysed by heavy metal acetylides, especially copper acetylide, or metal carbonyls are called Reppe chemistry. Reactions can be classified into four large classes:
The vinylizatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharitonov%20region
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A Kharitonov region is a concept in mathematics. It arises in the study of the stability of polynomials.
Let be a simply-connected set in the complex plane and let be the polynomial family.
is said to be a Kharitonov region if
is a subset of Here, denotes the set of all vertex polynomials of complex interval polynomials and denotes the set of all vertex polynomials of real interval polynomials
See also
Kharitonov's theorem
References
Y C Soh and Y K Foo (1991), “Kharitonov Regions: It Suffices to Check a Subset of Vertex Polynomials”, IEEE Trans. on Aut. Cont., 36, 1102 – 1105.
Polynomials
Stability theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack%20%27n%20Roll
|
Rack 'n Roll was the game for the 2007 FIRST Robotics Competition season, announced on January 6, 2007. In it, two alliances of three teams each competed to arrange ring-shaped game pieces on a central arena element known as 'The Rack'.
Robots
Classes
Robots fall under three different classes restricting their maximum weight and height. These classes are:
Other restrictions
Robots also must have a maximum starting footprint of 28" x 38" regardless of class. Robots may expand once the match has begun. The game manual includes other rules restricting various aspects of the construction of the robot that have been put in place for the purpose of safety and fairness.
Field
The Rack 'n Roll field is dominated by 'The Rack', a large metal contraption with three levels of hanging metal bars, with each level having 8 arms evenly spaced in an octagonal manner. Each arm (known as a 'spider leg') has space for two game pieces. Any more pieces placed on a spider leg beyond the first two are ignored for scoring purposes. At the beginning of the match, the rack is arbitrarily translated or rotated within three feet of the center of the field in order to give some randomness and to encourage autonomous modes that do not depend on dead-reckoning. At the top of the Rack are four green-colored lights above the 1, 3, 5, and 7 legs to aid in autonomous-mode tracking.
Game pieces
The game pieces in Rack 'n Roll are inflatable toroidal pool toys. There are 3 styles: Keepers, Ringers,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20England
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Philip Christopher England FRS (born 30 April 1951) is a British geophysicist and former Chair of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, whose research centres upon the evolution, deformation and metamorphism of mountain ranges and the development of island arcs. He has widely used applied mathematics to model mountain building, proving that they behave as extremely viscous fluids.
Early life and education
England was born on 30 April 1951. He studied physics at the University of Bristol, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in 1972. He then moved to the University of Oxford to undertake research in geophysics, receiving his Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree in 1976.
Academic career
England began his academic career in the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Cambridge: first as a NERC research fellow (1977–1979), then as an IBM research fellow (1979–1981). From 1981 to 1986, he was an assistant professor then associate professor at Harvard University. In 1986, he returned to the University of Oxford where he had been appointed a lecturer in geophysics and elected a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. In 2000, he was elected to the Chair of Geology. He served as Head of the Department of Earth Sciences from 2004 to 2011.
Awards and honours
He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2016. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1999.
Personal life
His daughter is the middle-dista
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