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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copositive%20matrix
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In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, a real matrix A is copositive if
for every nonnegative vector . The collection of all copositive matrices is a proper cone; it includes as a subset the collection of real positive-definite matrices.
Copositive matrices find applications in economics, operations research, and statistics.
References
Copositive matrix at PlanetMath
Matrices
Convex analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa%20University
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Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University (), often referred to as Odesa National University (Одеський національний університет, abbr.: ОНУ/ONU), located in Odesa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities, named after the scientist Élie Metchnikoff (who studied immunology, microbiology, and evolutionary embryology), a Nobel prizewinner in 1908. The university was founded in 1865 by an edict of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, which reorganized the Richelieu Lyceum of Odesa into the new Imperial Novorossiya University. In the Soviet era, the university was renamed Odesa I. I. Mechnykov State University (literally, "Odesa State University named after I. I. Mechnykov").
Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University comprises four institutes, ten faculties, and seven specialized councils. The university is famous for its scientific library, the largest and oldest of any university in Ukraine (3,600,000 volumes, ranging from the 15th century to the present days).
Background
Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University is one of the oldest in Ukraine. It was founded in 1865, when by edict of the Russian Tsar Alexander II the Richelieu Lyceum (, which had existed in Odesa since 1817) was reorganized into the Imperial Novorossiya (New Russia) University. All academic and scientific life of the university—from the day of its foundation—was directed by the statute of 1863 that formed the liberal-democratic tradition of the higher institution which has been preserved in spite of all
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo%20King
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Thermo King is an American manufacturer of transport temperature control systems for refrigerator trucks and trailers, refrigerated containers and refrigerated railway cars along with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for bus and passenger rail applications. Headquartered in the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota. Thermo King is a subsidiary of Trane Technologies.
History
Joseph "Joe" A. Numero sold his Cinema Supplies Inc. movie sound equipment business to RCA in 1938 and formed a new entity, the U.S. Thermo Control Company (later the Thermo King LLC), in partnership with his engineer, inventor Frederick McKinley Jones. Jones designed a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable food, for which they had obtained a patent on July 12, 1940, subsequent to a challenge to invent a refrigerated truck over a golf game by associates of Numero's, Werner Transportation Co.'s President Harry Werner, and United States Air Conditioning Co.'s President Al Fineberg, resulting in the "Model A" and the founding of Thermo King.
The invention ushered in the era of frozen foods, large supermarkets, and the modern restaurant industry. Refrigerated transport made the delivery of fresh produce anywhere in the country a possibility, regardless of the season. The concept of continuous cooling of perishables is often referred to as the "Farm to Fork" cold chain. With mobile refrigeration compressors driven by fuel-powered engines and stationary refrigeration
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teach%20Yourself
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Teach Yourself is currently an imprint of Hodder Education and formerly a series published by the English Universities Press (a subsidiary company of Hodder & Stoughton) that specializes in self-instruction books. The series, which began in 1938, is most famous for its language education books, but its titles in mathematics (including algebra and calculus) are also best sellers, and over its long history the series has covered a great many other subjects as well. "A Concise Guide to Teach Yourself", compiled by A R Taylor, was published in 1958 and listed all the titles up until then.
Overview
The Teach Yourself books were published from 1938 until 1966 under the imprint English Universities Press, owned by Hodder & Stoughton. Leonard Cutts (1904-1992) was overall editor from the start, and he remained the editor until 1964. Most titles published during the Second World War were aimed at helping the British nation survive as well as improving knowledge in the subjects that would advance the war effort. Teach Yourself to Fly by Nigel Tangye was published on the eve of the Second World War. It was immediately recommended by the Air Ministry to prospective RAF pilots. Teach Yourself Radio Communication and Teach Yourself Air Navigation were added to the list in 1941. There was a big demand for these books, especially as supplies were constrained by wartime paper shortages. In June 1941 The Times reported that "sailors, soldiers and airmen have helped to bring the figures of T
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary%20sequences
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For complementary sequences in biology, see complementarity (molecular biology). For integer sequences with complementary sets of members see Lambek–Moser theorem.
In applied mathematics, complementary sequences (CS) are pairs of sequences with the useful property that their out-of-phase aperiodic autocorrelation coefficients sum to zero. Binary complementary sequences were first introduced by Marcel J. E. Golay in 1949. In 1961–1962 Golay gave several methods for constructing sequences of length 2N and gave examples of complementary sequences of lengths 10 and 26. In 1974 R. J. Turyn gave a method for constructing sequences of length mn from sequences of lengths m and n which allows the construction of sequences of any length of the form 2N10K26M.
Later the theory of complementary sequences was generalized by other authors to polyphase complementary sequences, multilevel complementary sequences, and arbitrary complex complementary sequences. Complementary sets have also been considered; these can contain more than two sequences.
Definition
Let (a0, a1, ..., aN − 1) and (b0, b1, ..., bN − 1) be a pair of bipolar sequences, meaning that a(k) and b(k) have values +1 or −1. Let the aperiodic autocorrelation function of the sequence x be defined by
Then the pair of sequences a and b is complementary if:
for k = 0, and
for k = 1, ..., N − 1.
Or using Kronecker delta we can write:
So we can say that the sum of autocorrelation functions of complementary sequences is a del
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Canal
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Richard Canal (born 1953) is a French author and screenwriter in the science-fiction, fantasy, mainstream and thriller genres.
Biography
After a PhD in Toulouse III University, he became a teacher-researcher in computer science. He has lived in Africa for many years where he teaches artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems and genetic algorithms. There, he manages computer & mathematics departments in universities, writes and leads major projects in higher education for French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, especially in Senegal and Cameroon. When he moved to Asia, he is recruited by the Francophone University Agency (AUF) as leader of its outpost in Laos, then as headmaster of graduate institutes in Vietnam (IFI) and Tunisia (IFIC).
Richard Canal is an ardent defender of a literary science fiction with style. His first short novel appears in the magazine Fiction in April 1983. Another short novel, C.H.O.I.C.E., is crowned in 1986 with a prize annually awarded by the Quebec magazine Solaris just before Étoile receives the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 1989. La malédiction de l’éphémère (1986) is his first novel. He wins the Rosny-Aîné Award two years in a row for Ombre blanche in 1994 and Aube noire in 1995, two novels in his African Trilogy.
As for thrillers, La Route de Mandalay is published in 1998. His second novel in this field, Cyberdanse macabre (1999), features an astrophysicist, Mark Sidzik, who investigates the wrongdoings of a multinational microprocessor chi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Joaquin%20Grey
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Michael Joaquin Grey (born 1961 in Los Angeles) is an American artist, inventor, and educator based in New York City.
Grey holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Art and a BS in Genetics from the University of California, Berkeley, 1984 and a MFA in Sculpture from Yale University, 1990. He is the inventor of ZOOB, an award-winning toy modeling system. His artwork, drawing on his understanding of genetics, language, and the origins of form, is shown internationally.
In June 2009 a solo exhibition of Grey's work went on display at the PS1 Contemporary Art Center of MOMA curated by Director, Klaus Bisenbach, held in conjunction with the 2009 Young Architects Program by MOS.
For the past twenty years, Michael Joaquin Grey has been creating work that extends and plays with the boundaries of art, science and media.
Grey's work has been recognized in publications internationally including Artforum, Flash Art, The New York Times, The New Yorker, Leonardo, Artbyte, ID Magazine, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, The San Francisco Chronicle, Village Voice, London Telegraph, Wired, Zing Magazine, Art & Auction, and The Wall Street Journal.
In the past Grey has exhibited at bitforms gallery, New York and Seoul; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art; Whitney Museum of American Art; The New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York; Museum of Contemporary Art, Miami; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego; Milwaukee A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dither%20%28disambiguation%29
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Dither is a process used in digital signal processing.
Dither may also refer to:
Dither fish, a term used by aquarists for certain types of fish
Dither (album), an album by the rock group moe.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption%20cross%20section
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In physics, absorption cross section is a measure for the probability of an absorption process. More generally, the term cross section is used in physics to quantify the probability of a certain particle-particle interaction, e.g., scattering, electromagnetic absorption, etc. (Note that light in this context is described as consisting of particles, i.e., photons.) Typical absorption cross section has units of cm2⋅molecule−1. In honor of the fundamental contribution of Maria Goeppert Mayer to this area, the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section is named the "GM". One GM is 10−50 cm4⋅s⋅photon−1.
In the context of ozone shielding of ultraviolet light, absorption cross section is the ability of a molecule to absorb a photon of a particular wavelength and polarization. Analogously, in the context of nuclear engineering it refers to the probability of a particle (usually a neutron) being absorbed by a nucleus. Although the units are given as an area, it does not refer to an actual size area, at least partially because the density or state of the target molecule will affect the probability of absorption. Quantitatively, the number of photons absorbed, between the points and along the path of a beam is the product of the number of photons penetrating to depth times the number of absorbing molecules per unit volume times the absorption cross section :
.
The absorption cross-section is closely related to molar absorptivity and mass absorption coefficient.
For a g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability-based%20addressing
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In computer science, capability-based addressing is a scheme used by some computers to control access to memory as an efficient implementation of capability-based security. Under a capability-based addressing scheme, pointers are replaced by protected objects (called capabilities) that can be created only through the use of privileged instructions which may be executed only by either the kernel or some other privileged process authorised to do so. Thus, a kernel can limit application code and other subsystems access to the minimum necessary portions of memory (and disable write access where appropriate), without the need to use separate address spaces and therefore require a context switch when an access occurs.
Practical implementations
Two techniques are available for implementation:
Require capabilities to be stored in a particular area of memory that cannot be written to by the process that will use them. For example, the Plessey System 250 required that all capabilities be stored in capability-list segments.
Extend memory with an additional bit, writable only in supervisor mode, that indicates that a particular location is a capability. This is a generalization of the use of tag bits to protect segment descriptors in the Burroughs large systems, and it was used to protect capabilities in the IBM System/38.
Capability addressing in the IBM System/38 and AS/400
The System/38 CPF operating system supported two types of object pointer – authorized pointers which impleme
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Roelen
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Otto Roelen (22 March 1897 – 30 January 1993) was a German chemist.
Roelen was born in Mülheim, Germany and studied chemistry and graduated in 1922 from Technische Hochschule Stuttgart. He worked with Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research from 1922. He developed the homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation process (also known as the "oxo synthesis") for the industrial synthesis of aldehydes from alkenes and carbon monoxide.
During the second world war he was chief chemist for Ruhr Chemie, and after the war he described the construction, operation and yields of oxo synthesis plants in detail to British Department of Scientific and Industrial Research interrogators.
Roelen was awarded the Adolf von Baeyer prize by the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker in 1963. In his honor, DECHEMA named the Otto Roelen prize after him.
He died in Bad Honnef, Germany, at the age of 95.
References
External links
Life and work (Technische Universität Braunschweig)
20th-century German chemists
People from Mülheim
1897 births
1993 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Evans%20Howe
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Roger Evans Howe (born May 23, 1945) is the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Yale University, and Curtis D. Robert Endowed Chair in Mathematics Education at Texas A&M University. He is known for his contributions to representation theory, in particular for the notion of a reductive dual pair and the Howe correspondence, and his contributions to mathematics education.
Biography
He attended Ithaca High School, then Harvard University as an undergraduate, becoming a Putnam Fellow in 1964. He obtained his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley in 1969. His thesis, titled On representations of nilpotent groups, was written under the supervision of Calvin Moore. Between 1969 and 1974, Howe taught at the State University of New York in Stony Brook before joining the Yale faculty in 1974. His doctoral students include Ju-Lee Kim, Jian-Shu Li, Zeev Rudnick, Eng-Chye Tan, and Chen-Bo Zhu. He moved to Texas A&M University in 2015.
He has been a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1993, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1994.
Howe received a Lester R. Ford Award in 1984. In 2006 he was awarded the American Mathematical Society Distinguished Public Service Award in recognition of his "multifaceted contributions to mathematics and to mathematics education." In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. In 2015 he received the inaugural Award for Excellence in Mathematics Education.
A confe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Knudsen
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Morrison–Knudsen (MK) was an American civil engineering and construction company, with headquarters in Boise, Idaho.
MK designed and constructed major infrastructure throughout the world and was one of the consortium of firms that built Hoover Dam, San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, and many other large projects of American infrastructure.
Founders
MK's origins date to 1905, when Harry Morrison, Chairman and President (1885–1971) met Morris Knudsen (1862–1943) while working on the construction of the New York Canal (Boise Project) in southwestern Idaho. Morrison was a 20-year-old concrete superintendent for the Reclamation Service; Knudsen was a forty-something Nebraska farmer (and Danish immigrant) with a team of horses and
Their first venture together was in 1912, on a pump plant in nearby Grand View for $14,000; they lost money but gained experience. MK earned some revenue in 1914, when they constructed the Three Mile Falls Diversion Dam, south of Umatilla, Oregon. For several years, the firm built irrigation canals, logging roads, and railways; they incorporated in 1923, the year gross revenues topped $1 million. significant milestone with its joint venture in the construction of
World War II
During World War II, MK built airfields, storage depots, and bases throughout the Pacific, and built ships along the West Coast. Japanese forces captured 1,200 workers, including many MK employees, stationed on Midway and Wake Islands in late 1941. Af
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugosity
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Rugosity, fr, is a measure of small-scale variations of amplitude in the height of a surface,
where Ar is the real (true, actual) surface area and Ag is the geometric surface area.
Utility
Rugosity calculations are commonly used in materials science to characterize surfaces, amongst others, in marine science to characterize seafloor habitats. A common technique to measure seafloor rugosity is Risk's chain-and-tape method but with the advent of underwater photography less invasive quantitative methods have been developed. Some examples include measuring small-scale seafloor bottom roughness from microtopographic laser scanning (Du Preez and Tunnicliffe 2012), and deriving multi-scale measures of rugosity, slope and aspect from benthic stereo image reconstructions (Friedman et al. 2012).
Inconsistency
Despite the popularity of using rugosity for two- and three-dimensional surface analyses, methodological inconsistency has been problematic. Building off recent advances, the new arc-chord ratio (ACR) rugosity index is capable of measuring the rugosity of two-dimensional profiles and three-dimensional surfaces using a single method (Du Preez 2015). The ACR rugosity index is defined as the contoured (real) surface area divided by the area of the surface orthogonally projected onto a plane of best fit (POBF), where the POBF is a function (linear interpolation) of the boundary data only. Using a POBF, instead of an arbitrary horizontal geometric plane, results in an important adva
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Stewart%20Cole
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Kenneth Stewart Cole (July 10, 1900 – April 18, 1984) was an American biophysicist described by his peers as "a pioneer in the application of physical science to biology". Cole was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1967.
Biography
He was born on July 10, 1900, in Ithaca, New York, to Charles Nelson Cole, an instructor in Latin at Cornell University and Mabel Stewart. Kenneth had a younger brother, , with whom he remained very close throughout his life despite a large difference in age; they were joint authors of four papers published between 1936 and 1942.
In 1902 the family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, when his father took a post at Oberlin College. His father would later become the Dean. Kenneth's mother was, and Cole graduated from Oberlin College in 1922 and received a Ph.D. in physics with Floyd K. Richtmyer from Cornell University in 1926. He spent summers working at the General Electric laboratory in Schenectady, New York.
In 1932, Cole married Elizabeth Evans Roberts, an attorney. Later, her work was mostly concerned with civil rights and in 1957 she joined the staff of the United States Commission on Civil Rights
Kenneth joined the staff of Columbia University in 1937 and remained there until 1946. He had also been associated with the Presbyterian Hospital, and the Guggenheim Foundation for Advanced Study at Princeton University and the University of Chicago.
From 1949 to 1954 he was the technical director of the Naval Medicine Research Institute in Bethesda,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20cat
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Blue Cat may refer to:
Russian Blue, a cat breed.
Blue Cat Records, a record company.
3000 Whys of Blue Cat, the Chinese animation series, or its main character, Lan Mao.
Dougal and the Blue Cat, a 1970 film based on the television programme The Magic Roundabout.
In Cat coat genetics, a cat with a type of grey fur.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Commission%20on%20Mathematical%20Instruction
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The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is a commission of the International Mathematical Union and is an internationally acting organization focussing on mathematics education. ICMI was founded in 1908 at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Rome and aims to improve teaching standards around the world, through programs, workshops and initiatives and publications. It aims to work a great deal with developing countries, to increase teaching standards and education which can improve life quality and aid the country.
History
ICMI was founded at the ICM, and mathematician Felix Klein was elected first president of the organisation. Henri Fehr and Charles Laisant created the international research journal L'Enseignement Mathématique in 1899, and from early on this journal became the official organ of ICMI. A bulletin is published twice a year by ICMI, and from December 1995 this bulletin has been available at the organisation's official website, in their 'digital library'.
In the years between World War I and World War II there was little activity in the organization, but in 1952 ICMI was reconstituted. At this time the organization was reorganized, and it became an official commission of the International Mathematical Union (IMU). As a scientific organization, IMU is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU). Although ICMI follows the general principles of IMU and ICSU, the organization has a large degree of autonomy.
S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nqthm
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Nqthm is a theorem prover sometimes referred to as the Boyer–Moore theorem prover. It was a precursor to ACL2.
History
The system was developed by Robert S. Boyer and J Strother Moore, professors of computer science at the University of Texas, Austin. They began work on the system in 1971 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Their goal was to make a fully automatic, logic-based theorem prover. They used a variant of Pure LISP as the working logic.
Definitions
Definitions are formed as totally recursive functions, the system makes extensive use of rewriting and an induction heuristic that is used when rewriting and something that they called symbolic evaluation fails.
The system was built on top of Lisp and had some very basic knowledge in what was called "Ground-zero", the state of the machine after bootstrapping it onto a Common Lisp implementation.
This is an example of the proof of a simple arithmetic theorem. The function is part of the (called a "satellite") and is defined to be
(DEFN TIMES (X Y)
(IF (ZEROP X)
0
(PLUS Y (TIMES (SUB1 X) Y))))
Theorem formulation
The formulation of the theorem is also given in a Lisp-like syntax:
(prove-lemma commutativity-of-times (rewrite)
(equal (times x z) (times z x)))
Should the theorem prove to be true, it will be added to the knowledge basis of the system and can be used as a rewrite rule for future proofs.
The proof itself is given in a quasi-natural language manner. The authors randomly choose typical mathema
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajiv%20Gandhi%20Centre%20for%20Biotechnology
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Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology is a research institute in India, exclusive devoted to research in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. It is located at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital city of the state of Kerala in India. This centre is an autonomous institute under the Department of Biotechnology of the Govt. of India. Previously, it was an R&D centre under Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment which is a funding agency for research Institutes and centers in Kerala.
History
The centre was inaugurated on 18 November 2002 by then President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. The institute has highly focused research departments working on different areas of biological sciences under following areas.
Cancer Research
Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Biology
Pathogen Biology
Regenerative Biology
Plant Biotechnology & Disease Biology
Neurobiology
Reproduction Biology
Transdisciplinary Biology
The Center has a regional facility for Genetic Fingerprinting, which provides DNA analysis services for forensic & criminal investigations, paternity disputes, identification of wildlife remains, authentication of plants and seeds besides a battery of molecular diagnostics for genetic and infectious diseases. RGCB is also a major provider of laboratory and infrastructure services to other academic and research institutions. RGCB has a strength of 25 scientists, 120 Ph.D. students and around 100 research project staff. The centre has good in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Caldarelli
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Guido Caldarelli (born in Rome on 8 April 1967) is an Italian physicist (statistical physics) and full professor in Theoretical Physics at Ca' Foscari University of Venice.
Biography
Caldarelli received his Ph.D. from SISSA, after which he was a postdoc in the Department of Physics and School of Biology, University of Manchester. He then worked at the Theory of Condensed Matter Group, University of Cambridge, where he worked with Robin Ball. He returned to Italy as a lecturer at National Institute for Condensed Matter (INFM) and later as Primo Ricercatore in the Institute of Complex Systems of the National Research Council of Italy. In this period he was also the coordinator of the Networks subproject, part of the Complexity Project, for the Fermi Centre. From 2012 to 2020 he has been Professor at IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca. He also spent some terms at University of Fribourg (Switzerland) and across 2005-2006 he has been visiting professor at École Normale Supérieure in Paris.
In CCS2018 (The Conference of Complex Systems Society), he has been elected President of the Complex Systems Society for the mandate 2018–2021.
Research
The activity of Caldarelli is mainly focused on scale-free networks, complex networks in theoretical models and in their application to financial networks. He has been coordinator of the European project COSIN, one of the first international activities based on the study of complex networks as well as coordinator of the European project
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Massey
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Richard Massey (born 14 October 1977) is a physicist currently working as Royal Society Research Fellow in the Institute for Computational Cosmology at Durham University. Previously he was a senior research fellow in astrophysics at the California Institute of Technology and STFC Advanced Fellow at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Edinburgh. Massey graduated in Maths and Physics from the University of Durham in 2000 and was a member of Castle. He completed his Ph.D. at Cambridge (Clare College) in 2003, with a thesis entitled Weighing the Universe with weak gravitational lensing.
Massey is most well known for his studies of dark matter, including the first 3D map of its large-scale distribution and its behaviour during collisions. He was awarded the 2011 Philip Leverhulme Prize in Astronomy and Astrophysics.
He has featured in several TV documentaries, including BBC's Horizon documentary "How Big is the Universe?" in 2013 and online.
References
External links
Richard Massey's CV and published papers.
1977 births
Living people
British cosmologists
Alumni of University College, Durham
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
21st-century British physicists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20Abstraction%20Layer
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The Physics Abstraction Layer (PAL) is an open-source cross-platform physical simulation API abstraction system. It is similar to a physics engine wrapper, however it is far more flexible providing extended abilities. PAL is free software, released under the BSD license.
PAL is a high-level interface for low-level physics engines used in games, simulation systems, and other 3D applications. It supports a number of dynamic simulation methodologies, including rigid body, liquids, soft body, ragdoll, and vehicle dynamics. PAL features a simple C++ API and intuitive objects (e.g. Solids, Joints, Actuators, Sensors, and Materials). It also features COLLADA, Scythe Physics Editor, and XML-based file storage.
The Physics Abstraction Layer provides a number of benefits over directly using a physics engine:
Flexibility – It allows developers to switch between different physics engines to see which engine provides their needs, as well as quickly testing a new engine.
Portable – Developers are able to use the physics engine which provides the best performance for different platforms, and are able to write platform independent code.
Security – If a middleware provider is acquired by another company or development is discontinued, developers can switch engines.
Scalable – The abstraction layer allows developers to run their code on handheld console platforms up to supercomputers.
Ease of use – Implementation details of the physics engine are abstracted, providing a cleaner interfac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UES%20%28cipher%29
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In cryptography, UES (Universal Encryption Standard) is a block cipher designed in 1999 by Helena Handschuh and Serge Vaudenay. They proposed it as a transitional step, to prepare for the completion of the AES process.
UES was designed with the same interface as AES: a block size of 128 bits and key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. It consists of two parallel Triple DES encryptions on the halves of the block, with key whitening and key-dependent swapping of bits between the halves. The key schedule is taken from DEAL.
References
Block ciphers
Data Encryption Standard
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCourt%20School%20of%20Public%20Policy
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The McCourt School of Public Policy is one of ten constituent schools of Georgetown University. The McCourt School offers master's degrees in public policy, international development policy, policy management, data science for public policy, and policy leadership as well as administers several professional certificate programs and houses fifteen affiliated research centers. The McCourt School has twenty-one full-time faculty members, ten visiting faculty members, more than one-hundred adjunct faculty members and approximately 450 enrolled students across the various degree and executive education programs.
The school is based in Old North, the oldest academic building on Georgetown University's main campus. Formerly known as the Georgetown Public Policy Institute (GPPI), the McCourt School became Georgetown University's ninth school in October 2013 as a result of a $100 million gift from Georgetown University alumnus Frank McCourt.
The school is led by Maria Cancian, whose research focuses on public policy and family wellbeing. Cancian was preceded by Michael A. Bailey, who led the school as interim dean from 2017 to 2019. Bailey was preceded by Edward B. Montgomery, who became Dean of GPPI in August 2010. Montgomery was preceded by interim Dean William T. Gormley.
History
Establishing a public policy school in Washington, D.C. originated as an idea in the Georgetown University Department of Government and Economics in the late 1970s.
In 1980, the Government Department i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational%20historian
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In manufacturing, an operational historian is a time-series database application that is developed for operational process data. Historian software is often embedded or used in conjunction with standard DCS and PLC control systems to provide enhanced data capture, validation, compression, and aggregation capabilities. Historians have been deployed in almost every industry and contribute to functions such as supervisory control, performance monitoring, quality assurance, and, more recently, machine learning applications which can learn from vast quantities of historical data.
These systems were originally developed to capture instrumentation and control data, which led many to use the term "tag" for a stream of process data, referring to the physical "tags" which had been placed on instrumentation for manually capturing data. Raw data may be accessed via OPC HDA, SQL, or REST API interfaces.
Operational Support
Operational historians are typically used within the manufacturing facility by engineers and operators for supervisory functions and analysis. An operational historian will typically capture all instrumentation and control data, whereas an enterprise historians that is deployed to support business functions will take a subset of the plant data.
Typically, these applications offer data access through dedicated APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and SDKs (Software Development Kits) which offer high-performance read and write operations through vendor-specific or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspace%20theorem
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In mathematics, the subspace theorem says that points of small height in projective space lie in a finite number of hyperplanes. It is a result obtained by .
Statement
The subspace theorem states that if L1,...,Ln are linearly independent linear forms in n variables with algebraic coefficients and if ε>0 is any given real number, then
the non-zero integer points x with
lie in a finite number of proper subspaces of Qn.
A quantitative form of the theorem, which determines the number of subspaces containing all solutions, was also obtained by Schmidt, and the theorem was generalised by to allow more general absolute values on number fields.
Applications
The theorem may be used to obtain results on Diophantine equations such as Siegel's theorem on integral points and solution of the S-unit equation.
A corollary on Diophantine approximation
The following corollary to the subspace theorem is often itself referred to as the subspace theorem.
If a1,...,an are algebraic such that 1,a1,...,an are linearly independent over Q and ε>0 is any given real number, then there are only finitely many rational n-tuples (x1/y,...,xn/y) with
The specialization n = 1 gives the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem. One may also note that the exponent 1+1/n+ε is best possible by Dirichlet's theorem on diophantine approximation.
References
Diophantine approximation
Theorems in number theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Ifrah
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Georges Ifrah (1947 – 1 November 2019) was a teacher of mathematics, a French author and a self-taught historian of mathematics, especially numerals.
His work, From One to Zero: A Universal History of Numbers (1985, 1994) was translated into multiple languages, became an international bestseller, and was included in American Scientist'''s list of "100 or so Books that shaped a Century of Science", referring to the 20th century. Despite popular acclaim, it has been broadly criticized by scholars.C. Philipp E. Nothaft: Medieval Europe’s satanic ciphers: on the genesis of a modern myth. British Journal for the History of Mathematics 35, 2020, doi:10.1080/26375451.2020.1726050.
Publications
Several books devoted to numbers and history of numbers and number related topics including:
1981: Histoire Universelle des Chiffres (Paris)
English translation (1985): From one to zero. A universal history of numbers transl. by Lowell Bair. New York: Viking Penguin Inc. XVI, 503 pages. (Zentralblatt review: 0589.01001: "It is the richness in documents from both primitive and advanced cultures, which makes this publication unique.[…]a number of authors mentioned in the text are not cited in this bibliography. And in many cases the sources of illustrations remain anonymous".)
German translation (1986): Universalgeschichte der Zahlen transl. by Alexander von Platen. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag. 580 pages. (Zentralblatt review 0606.01023.)
German translation (1989): Universalgeschich
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramod%20P.%20Khargonekar
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Pramod P. Khargonekar is the Vice Chancellor for Research and Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. An expert in control systems engineering, Dr. Khargonekar has served in a variety of administrative roles in academia and federal funding agencies. Most recently, he served as Assistant Director for Engineering at the National Science Foundation (2013-2016), and as Deputy Director for Technology at the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA–E, 2012–13). From 2001 through 2009 he was the Dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Florida.
History
Dr. Khargonekar was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. He earned his bachelor's degree at the Indian Institutes of Technology, Bombay. In the late 1970s, he moved to Gainesville, Florida, where he studied under the guidance of Rudolf Kálmán. At the University of Florida, Dr. Khargonekar received a master's degree in mathematics in 1980, and a doctorate in electrical engineering in 1981. Later in 1981 he joined the University of Florida faculty as an assistant professor of electrical engineering.
In 1984, he moved to the University of Minnesota as an Associate Professor, and then was appointed full Professor in 1988. In 1989 he joined the University of Michigan faculty, where, in 1997, he was appointed Chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and in 2000 became the Claude E. Shannon Professor of Engineerin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Review%20B
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Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (also known as PRB) is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal, published by the American Physical Society (APS). The Editor of PRB is Stephen E. Nagler. It is part of the Physical Review family of journals. The current Editor in Chief is Randall Kamien. PRB currently publishes over 4500 papers a year, making it one of the largest physics journals in the world.
Scope
The focus of this journal is on new results in condensed matter physics, which includes a wide variety of subject areas, such as semiconductors, superconductivity, magnetism, structure, phase transitions, ferroelectrics, nonordered systems, liquids, quantum solids, superfluidity, electronic structure, photonic crystals, mesoscopic systems, surfaces, clusters, fullerenes, graphene, nanoscience, etc.
History
PRB was created in 1970 when the original Physical Review (founded in 1893) was subdivided into Physical Review A, B, C, and D, based on subject matter. Peter D. Adams was the Editor from inception until 2012 when Laurens W. Molenkamp took over. In 2023 Stephen E. Nagler replaced Molenkamp. Anthony M. Begley is currently the Managing Editor.
Features
PRB has a reputation among professional physicists for publishing useful, comprehensive long papers in physics. It also contains short (four page) papers in its Letters section, previously named Rapid Communications, designed for research important enough to deserve special handling and speedy publication. Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20surface
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Control surface may refer to:
Audio control surface, a human interface device (HID) which allows the user to control a digital audio
Flight control surfaces, allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude
Diving plane, a control surface in submarines
Control surface (fluid dynamics), a surfaceenclosing a control volumethrough which a fluid flow occurs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo%20Eyzaguirre
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Domingo de Eyzaguirre y Arechavala (July 17, 1775 – April 22, 1854) was a Chilean politician and philanthropist.
He was born in Santiago, Chile, the son of the Basque Domingo Eyzaguirre Escutasolo and of María Rosa de Arechavala y Alday. He studied in the seminary of his native City, and showed remarkable aptitude for mathematics and chemistry. When scarcely nineteen years old he was appointed as assayer of the royal mint of Santiago, but resigned the next year, and devoted himself entirely to the cultivation of a farm near Santiago, inherited from his father.
There his labors tended more to the improvement of the condition of the laboring classes than to his own pecuniary interest. He improved the yield of some of the poorest lands by his knowledge of chemistry, introduced modern agricultural implements, and, by giving his laborers better than the accustomed wages and caring for their moral and material welfare, soon assembled a colony of well to do and contented people. He also introduced looms, which, although imperfect, served to weave from native wool the coarse cloth worn by the peasantry.
From the first years of his country life he agitated the project of a canal to water the barren plain surrounding Santiago, which had been begun some time before, but was abandoned. The Spanish government approved the plan, and in 1802 made Eyzaguirre director. He pushed the work with energy until it was interrupted by the revolution of 1810, and notwithstanding he sympathized w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Giorgi
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Francesco Giorgi Veneto (1466–1540) was an Italian Franciscan friar, and author of the work De harmonia mundi totius from 1525. In it Giorgio proposed an idea of the Universe created according to the universal system of proportion, which may be studied as laws of mathematics used by architects. The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy describes him as 'idiosyncratic'. He wrote also In Scripturam Sacram Problemata (1536).
Giorgi is extensively discussed in Frances Yates, The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age
She also discusses Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice in the light of the theory of Daniel Banes that Shakespeare was familiar with Giorgi's and related writings on the Cabala.
A copy of De harmonia mundi is listed as once in the Library of Sir Thomas Browne. It is possible that Browne's copy was bequeathed to him from Arthur Dee. John Dee is also known to have possessed a copy of Giorgi's work.
Notes
Bibliography
Francesco Zorzi, L'armonia del mondo, a cura di Saverio Campanini , testo latino a fronte, coll. "Il Pensiero Occidentale", Bompiani, Milano 2010.
Francesco Giorgio Veneto, De harmonia mundi, pref. Cesare Vasoli, Lavis-Firenze, La Finestra editrice-Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, 2008, ; .
Saverio Campanini, Francesco Giorgio’s Criticism of the Vulgata: Hebraica Veritas or Mendosa Traductio? in G. Busi (ed.), Hebrew to Latin, Latin to Hebrew. The Mirroring of Two Cultures in the Age of Humanism, Berlin Studies in Judaism 1, Nino Ara
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con%20Lehane%20%28socialist%29
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Cornelius "Con" Lehane (also spelled O'Lyhane) (1877–31 December 1919) was a socialist active in the Irish Socialist Republican Party, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Socialist Party of Great Britain.
Ireland
Lehane was born in Coachford, County Cork in 1877. Although a graduate in Irish and chemistry from Cork Technical School, by profession Lehane was a clerk (cf. E. J. B. Allen).
Like Valentine McEntee, Lehane had been a member of James Connolly's Irish Socialist Republican Party and indeed was one of the dozen or so most important members.
As "Proletarian", he wrote many articles for the ISRP journal, The Workers Republic, and designed the front cover for the ISRP's Workers’ Republic pamphlet series. (He may well have designed the cover of the SPGB's first pamphlet, which is carried out in a similar fashion). O'Lyhane, as he was then known, was the moving force behind the Cork branch (1897–1902).
Britain
He then moved to England, joining the Social Democratic Federation around the turn of the century.
Lehane eventually left the SDF and was a founding member of the Socialist Party of Great Britain in 1904. He was the first General Secretary of the SPGB (June 1904 to August 1905) and was a prominent public speaker for the Party. He was expelled along with most of the rest of Islington branch on 18 September 1906. His downfall came as follows. At the 1906 Annual Conference Bexley branch tabled a motion calling on the party to adopt a policy of socialist in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20Valley%20School
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Test Valley School is a comprehensive secondary school with Specialist Status in Mathematics and Computing located in Stockbridge, Hampshire, England. Due to its rural location, it has a wide catchment area, with significant numbers of students travelling from Andover, Salisbury, Romsey, The Wallops and other small villages near to Stockbridge.
Exam Results
5 GCSEs at A*–C: 64% (2012)
5 GCSEs at A*–C: 69% (2014)
5 GCSEs at A*–C: 67% (2015)
In 2018, 57% of pupils achieved 5 or more 9–4 grades, compared to a 60% national average. 38% of pupils achieved grade 5 (a strong pass) in both maths and English, compared to a 40% national average.
References
Report, OFSTED
External links
Secondary schools in Hampshire
Community schools in Hampshire
Stockbridge, Hampshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golod%E2%80%93Shafarevich%20theorem
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In mathematics, the Golod–Shafarevich theorem was proved in 1964 by Evgeny Golod and Igor Shafarevich. It is a result in non-commutative homological algebra which solves the class field tower problem, by showing that class field towers can be infinite.
The inequality
Let A = K⟨x1, ..., xn⟩ be the free algebra over a field K in n = d + 1 non-commuting variables xi.
Let J be the 2-sided ideal of A generated by homogeneous elements fj of A of degree dj with
2 ≤ d1 ≤ d2 ≤ ...
where dj tends to infinity. Let ri be the number of dj equal to i.
Let B=A/J, a graded algebra. Let bj = dim Bj.
The fundamental inequality of Golod and Shafarevich states that
As a consequence:
B is infinite-dimensional if ri ≤ d2/4 for all i
Applications
This result has important applications in combinatorial group theory:
If G is a nontrivial finite p-group, then r > d2/4 where d = dim H1(G,Z/pZ) and r = dim H2(G,Z/pZ) (the mod p cohomology groups of G). In particular if G is a finite p-group with minimal number of generators d and has r relators in a given presentation, then r > d2/4.
For each prime p, there is an infinite group G generated by three elements in which each element has order a power of p. The group G provides a counterexample to the generalised Burnside conjecture: it is a finitely generated infinite torsion group, although there is no uniform bound on the order of its elements.
In class field theory, the class field tower of a number field K is created by iterating
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Robert%20Anderson%20%28chemist%29
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John Robert Anderson (5 March 1928 – 26 February 2007) was an Australian chemist whose research specialised on materials science. Anderson served as Chief of the Division of Material Sciences at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation from 1970 to 1978. He attended Sydney Boys High School from 1940 to 1944.
References
Bright Sparcs. 2006. Anderson, John Robert (1928 - ).
1928 births
2007 deaths
Australian chemists
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Meadows%20Rendel%20%28geneticist%29
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James Meadows Rendel (16 May 1915 - 4 February 2001) was an Australian agricultural scientist who specialised in animal genetics and was Chief of the CSIRO Division of Animal Genetics from 1959 to 1976. He was the grandson of Lytton Strachey's sister Dorothy Bussy, and the nephew of Frances Partridge.
Early life
Rendel was the son of Col. Richard Meadows Rendel in Farnham, England and educated at Rugby School and University College London, where he completed his PhD as a student of the geneticist J. B. S. Haldane. During the Second World War he was attached to RAF Coastal Command, where he was involved in experiments on escape from submarines, one of which left him with permanent lung damage.
Career
After the war Rendel moved to Edinburgh to do animal genetics research at Edinburgh University, where he was jointly in charge of a project on dairy research, establishing the fundamental principles of artificial insemination in dairy progeny-testing programmes.
In 1951 he travelled to Australia to join CSIRO and establish a team at the University of Sydney to teach animal genetics and develop a research programme into animal breeding methods for domestic fowl, sheep, dairy and beef cattle. The team became the Animal Genetics Division of CSIRO in 1959. During that period he was a joint founder of the Genetics Society of Australia. In the 1960s he established a molecular biology group within the Animal Genetics Division, which later became the CSIRO Molecular and Cellular Biolog
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanibel%20Symposium
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The Sanibel Symposium is an international scientific conference in quantum chemistry, solid-state physics, and quantum biology. It has been organized by the Quantum Theory Project at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, United States, every winter since 1960. It was founded by Per-Olov Löwdin who was involved in its organization every year from 1960 to his death in 2000. From 1960 to 1978, the symposium was held on Sanibel Island, but later symposia have been held in Palm Coast and St. Augustine. In 2005, the Symposium moved to St. Simons Island, Georgia, United States.
The Symposium is noted for its long history and for the breadth of both the participants and the presentations. The 2010 meeting covers "Forefront theory and computation in quantum chemistry, condensed matter and chemical physics, nanoscience, quantum biochemistry and biophysics". The Sanibel Symposium is described as a "highly respected regular conference" in a history of the Gordon Research Conferences.
The Sanibel Coefficients, used for example in calculated spin densities, were named after the Symposium where they were widely discussed in the 1960s.
Lectures and posters presented at the meeting are often published in the peer-reviewed journal "International Journal of Quantum Chemistry" as one or more issues of the journal. Before 1996, papers were published in special supplements of the Journal for Quantum Chemistry and Quantum Biology.
References
External links
next Sanibel Confere
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v%20%28disambiguation%29
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Delta-v is a term used in astrodynamics for the total 'effort' to change from one space trajectory to another.
Delta V may also refer to:
Science and technology
Delta-V (Internet Protocol), a Web Versioning and Configuration Management Protocol specified by RFC 3253 for WebDAV
Delta-v (physics), a mathematical symbol representing a change in velocity as a scalar or vector quantity
Delta-v budget (velocity change budget), a term used in astrodynamics for velocity change requirements of propulsive tasks and orbital manoeuvres during a space mission
Delta-V charging method, a charging method for Nickel–metal hydride batteries
DeltaV, a distributed control system used in industrial process control
Other uses
Delta-v, a novel by Daniel Suarez
Delta-V (musical group), an Italian band signed by Virgin Records
Delta V (video game), a flying game published by Bethesda Softworks
"Delta-V", a song by Squarepusher from Just a Souvenir
See also
Delta 5, a UK punk band
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Hunt%20Morgan%20Medal
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The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded by the Genetics Society of America (GSA) for lifetime contributions to the field of genetics.
The medal is named after Thomas Hunt Morgan, the 1933 Nobel Prize winner, who received this award for his work with Drosophila and his "discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity." Morgan recognized that Drosophila, which could be bred quickly and inexpensively, had large quantities of offspring and a short life cycle, would make an excellent organism for genetic studies. His studies of the white-eye mutation and discovery of sex-linked inheritance provided the first experimental evidence that chromosomes are the carriers of genetic information. Subsequent studies in his laboratory led to the discovery of recombination and the first genetic maps.
In 1981 the GSA established the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal for lifetime achievement to honor this classical geneticist who was among those who laid the foundation for modern genetics.
Laureates
Source: Genetics Society of America
See also
List of genetics awards
References
Genetics awards
Awards established in 1981
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20Quantum%20Chemistry
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The International Journal of Quantum Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original, primary research and review articles on all aspects of quantum chemistry, including an expanded scope focusing on aspects of materials science, biochemistry, biophysics, quantum physics, quantum information theory, etc.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.444.
It was established in 1967 by Per-Olov Löwdin. In 2011, the journal moved to an in-house editorial office model, in which a permanent team of full-time, professional editors is responsible for article scrutiny and editorial content.
References
External links
Chemistry journals
Academic journals established in 1967
Hybrid open access journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
English-language journals
Computational chemistry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Perkins%20%28geneticist%29
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David Dexter Perkins (May 2, 1919 – January 2, 2007) was an American geneticist, a member of the faculty of the Department of Biology at Stanford University for more than 58 years, from 1948 until his death in 2007. He received his PhD in Zoology in 1949 from Columbia University. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, he served as president of the Genetics Society of America in 1977. In a scientific career that spanned more than six decades, Perkins collaborated on more than 300 papers. His associates included many graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who went on to scientific careers throughout the world.
Scientific career
Upon his arrival at Stanford, he began a collaboration with Edward Tatum, who had been working with Neurospora crassa since 1941 in collaboration with George Beadle. In this way, he was connected to the very earliest research with Neurospora. Throughout his career, he continued to work with Neurospora crassa, which he often championed as a model organism. At the time that he died in 2007, a substantial percentage of all researchers in the world who were working with Neurospora crassa had either trained with or collaborated with Perkins or one of his students or associates.
Perkins is best known for his research into the control and regulation of cell division and sexual reproduction in fungi. One of the advantages to Neurospora as a model organism is that it undergoes both sexual and asexual reproduction.
Working with associates, Perkins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardi%20Engineering
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Lombardi Engineering Ltd. is a Swiss civil engineering company based in Giubiasco, Bellinzona district. It was established in 1989. It is the successor to "Giovanni Lombardi Ph. D. Consulting Engineers" which was established in 1955 by Giovanni Lombardi. As of 2012, the company employs 200 employees.
Projects
The company is specialized in tunnel ventilation, underground, hydraulic, civil works as well as project studies. It has helped develop projects such St. Gotthard Base Tunnel - Switzerland, AlpTransit, Lyon-Turin Railway, Mont Blanc tunnel and the hypothetical Gibraltar Tunnel linking Africa and Europe through Morocco and Spain.
Engineering Services
The Services provided by the Lombardi Group include:
Tunnel Ventilation
Underground
Hydropower & water engineering
Electromechanics, fire & life safety
Transportation
Geotechnics & Civil Engineering
Structural Engineering
Upgrading and Refurbishment
Project Management and Supervision
Science & Special studies
Offices
European Offices
Switzerland
Giubiasco Headquarters
Lucerne Branch
Fribourg Branch
Italy
Milan
Turin
Rome
France
Lyon
Paris
Austria
Innsbruck
Belgium
Bruxelles
Central American Offices
Guatemala
Guatemala City
Ecuador
Quito
Peru
Lima
Chile
Santiago
Asian Offices
India
New Delhi
References and notes
External links
Official website
Design companies established in 1989
Engineering companies of Switzerland
Construction and civil engineering companies of Switzerland
Swiss companies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen%20Rasmussen%20%28physicist%29
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Steen Rasmussen (born 7 July 1955) is a Danish physicist mainly working in the areas of artificial life and complex systems. He is currently a professor in physics and a center director at University of Southern Denmark as well as an external research professor at the Santa Fe Institute. His formal training was at the Technical University of Denmark (1985 PhD in physics of complex systems) and University of Copenhagen (philosophy). He spent 20 years as a researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory (1988-2007) the last five years as a leader of the Self-Organized Systems team. He has been part of the Santa Fe Institute since 1988.
The main scientific effort of Rasmussen has since 2001 has been to explore, understand and construct a transition from nonliving to living materials. Bridging this gap requires an interdisciplinary scientific effort, which is why he has assembled, sponsored and lead research teams in the US, across Europe and in Denmark. He became a scientific team leader in 2002 at Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, and he has since held research leadership positions at the Santa Fe Institute, University of Copenhagen and University of Southern Denmark. In 2004 he represented Los Alamos National Laboratory scientifically in cofounding together with primarily European scientific institutions the European Centre for Living Technology in Venice, Italy where he later served as Chairman of the Science Board. Since late 2007 he has been the director of the Center for
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderomotive%20energy
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In strong-field laser physics, ponderomotive energy is the cycle-averaged quiver energy of a free electron in an electromagnetic field.
Equation
The ponderomotive energy is given by
,
where is the electron charge, is the linearly polarised electric field amplitude, is the laser carrier frequency and is the electron mass.
In terms of the laser intensity , using , it reads less simply:
,
where is the vacuum permittivity.
For typical orders of magnitudes involved in laser physics, this becomes:
,
where the laser wavelength is , and is the speed of light. The units are electronvolts (eV), watts (W), centimeters (cm) and micrometers (μm).
Atomic units
In atomic units, , , where . If one uses the atomic unit of electric field, then the ponderomotive energy is just
Derivation
The formula for the ponderomotive energy can be easily derived. A free particle of charge
interacts with an electric field . The force on the charged particle is
.
The acceleration of the particle is
.
Because the electron executes harmonic motion, the particle's position is
.
For a particle experiencing harmonic motion, the time-averaged energy is
.
In laser physics, this is called the ponderomotive energy .
See also
Ponderomotive force
Electric constant
Harmonic generation
List of laser articles
References and notes
Laser science
Energy (physics)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACELL
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ACELL may refer to:
Advancing Chemistry by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory, an Australian chemistry teaching project
Australasian Chemistry Enhanced Laboratory Learning, of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute
ACell Incorporated, a Maryland-based biotechnology company specializing in regenerative medicine
Federació Catalana d'Esports per a Disminuïts Psíquics (abbreviated "ACELL"; formerly Associació Catalana d'Esports i Lleure), a sports federation for the mentally challenged in Catalonia; a component federation of the Sports Federation Union of Catalonia
See also
Accell NV, Dutch bicycle company
Cell (disambiguation)
Ace 2 (disambiguation)
Accel (disambiguation)
Acel (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Shur
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Michael Shur (born November 13, 1942) is a Russian and American physicist and a professor of solid state electronics and electrical engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Background
Shur was born on November 13, 1942, in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk, USSR. He received his master's degree in Electrical Engineering from St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute. In 1967 he received his Ph.D. in physics from the A.F. Ioffe Institute in Petersburg, Russia. In 1993, he received Dr. Sc. degree from A.F. Ioffe Institute.
Shur has held research or faculty positions at the A.F. Ioffe Institute, Wayne State University, Oakland University, Cornell University, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, and the University of Minnesota. From 1989 to 1996, he was the John Money Professor at the University of Virginia, where he served as the director of the Applied Electrophysics Laboratories in 1996. He moved to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1996.
Research
Shur has led many research efforts in diverse fields related to semiconductor devices, solid-state physics, and engineering, such as plasma wave electronics, thin film transistors, laser technology, sub-micrometer field effect transistors, terahertz technology, Surface Acoustic, and Acousto-Optic devices. Having written over 1,000 technical publications, the Institute for Scientific Information, an organization that tracks citations, lists him as one of the most quoted researchers in his field. He has also authored, co-authored, o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM%20%28website%29
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Portal Resources for Indiana Science and Mathematics (PRISM) is a free website originally designed for Indiana middle school math, science, and technology teachers. It links Indiana Academic Standards for middle school science, technology, pre-engineering, and math (STEM fields) to appropriate, teacher-reviewed online learning activities. Users may either browse materials by academic standard or use the keyword search engine to find appropriate sites.
With the integration of the Moodle open source Learning Management System in 2006, PRISM now serves a much larger audience. Teachers from all grades may use Moodle to establish online classroom courses.
Typical PRISM reviewed resources include web-delivered simulations, visualizations, modeling packages, and resource sites providing access to live data or collaborative experiments. PRISM endeavors to encourage interactive learning, foster new liaisons among students, parents, and teachers, and foster alternative pedagogical approaches.
Membership in PRISM is free and is open to parents, teachers, and pre-service personnel. Student names and/or usernames are not displayed publicly on the site.
The PRISM Project is funded by a grant from the Lilly Endowment and hosted at Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT). PRISM is the West Central Regional Coordinator for the I-STEM Network. Dr. Patricia A. Carlson (RHIT) is the Program Director of the project.
References
External links
PRISM Website
Lilly Endowment Grant Support
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antun%20Karlo%20Bakoti%C4%87
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Antun Karlo Bakotić (4 November 1831 in Kaštel Gomilica – 13 January 1887 in Zadar) was a Croatian writer and physicist.
He studied mathematics and physics at Vienna and Venice. He worked as a professor in Rijeka, as well as managing the Velika Gimnazija in Split and acting as school superintendent. He was one of the first in Croatia to publish an academic book about nature. In 1862 he arranged for printing the book Pojavi iz prirode za pouku prostoga naroda from the works of an Italian author.
He wrote popular articles in his field in the magazine Književnik. He collaborated with Bogoslav Šulek on Riječnik znanstvenog nazivlja (Dictionary of Scientific Terms). Bakotić also published the book Vinarstvo (1867). He was one of the chief members of the Croatian National Revival in southern Croatia. He campaigned for teaching Croatian in Dalmatian schools and was also a member of the Narodni list newspaper.
His novel about Bosnian life with national liberation themes, Raja (Dhimmis, 1890), was published in installments in Iskra and Hrvatska and in entirety in Dom i svijet.
Sources
Info - vremeplov
Bakotić, Antun Karlo at enciklopedija.hr
1831 births
1887 deaths
People from Kaštela
Croatian writers
Croatian physicists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Allender
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Eric Warren Allender (born 1956) is an American computer scientist active in the field of computational complexity theory.
In 2006 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. He is currently a professor at Rutgers University where he chaired the Department of Computer Science from 2006 until 2009.
Biography
Allender went to Mount Pleasant High School. He graduated from the University of Iowa in 1979 with a double major in Computer Science and Theater. He then graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a Ph.D. in Computer Science in 1985.
After graduation, he was a professor at Rutgers University.
References
External links
Rutgers home page
Eric Warren Allender on the Mathematics Genealogy Project
American computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Rutgers University faculty
Georgia Tech alumni
Living people
1956 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylene%20group
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In organic chemistry, the phenylene group () is based on a di-substituted benzene ring (arylene). For example, poly(p-phenylene) is a polymer built up from para-phenylene repeating units. The phenylene group has three structural isomers, based on which hydrogens are substituted: para-phenylene, meta-phenylene, and ortho-phenylene.
References
Arenediyl groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millfield%20Science%20%26%20Performing%20Arts%20College
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Further information
The school gained specialist college status in 2005. Millfield consists of:
A Block (the original buildings) - which houses Arts, Technology (resistant materials and food studies), I.C.T, Drama, Dance, Canteen, Offices, Medical room, Media studies and Performing Arts
B, C and D Block (the tower block) - which houses Biology, Chemistry, Physics, French and Spanish
F and G Block (the southern block) - which houses Geography, History, Religious Education, Citizenship and the Library
H Block (the northern block downstairs) - which houses Maths
J Block (the northern block upstairs) - which houses both English Language and English Literature.
The school has a large field, two tarmac playgrounds and sports hall for P.E sessions and for use by the school sport clubs.
References
External links
Ofsted page on Millfield High School including inspection reports
Millfield High School website
Secondary schools in Lancashire
Schools in the Borough of Wyre
Community schools in Lancashire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iteration%20%28disambiguation%29
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Iteration means the act of repeating in the contexts of mathematics, computing and project management, particularly software development.
It can also refer to:
Iterated function, in mathematics
"Iteration", a song from Potemkin City Limits, the fourth full-length album by the punk rock band Propagandhi
Iteration, a 2017 album by American electronic music producer Seth Haley, released under his alias Com Truise
Iterations, a 2002 collection of short stories by Canadian science fiction author Robert J. Sawyer as well as the title of a story in that collection
Iterative and incremental development, a term in new product development that came from software development
Iterative aspect in linguistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep%20Guia
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Josep Guia i Marín (; born 1947, in Valencia) is a Spanish writer, mathematics professor of University of Valencia and political activist within PSAN party. In 1986, he was awarded by Fundació Jaume I.
Some of his most relevant essays about Catalan nationalism are: Països Catalans i Llibertat ("Catalan Countries and Freedom) (1983), És molt senzill, digueu-li Catalunya ("It's very easy, call it Catalonia") (1985), Des de la Catalunya del Sud ("From Southern Catalonia") (1987), València, 750 anys de nació catalana (Valencia, 750 years of Catalan Nation) (1988)) and Catalunya descoberta ("Catalonia, discovered") (1990). He is an editor of Lluita magazine.
External links
Biographical information in Catalan language writers association webpage
Catalan-language writers
Politics of Catalonia
People from Valencia
Politicians from the Valencian Community
1947 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual%20Review%20of%20Ecology%2C%20Evolution%2C%20and%20Systematics
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{{Infobox journal
| title = Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
| cover = Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics cover.png
| discipline = Ecology, evolutionary biology, and systematics
| formernames = Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1970–2002)'
| editor = Douglas J. Futuyma
| abbreviation = Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.
| publisher = Annual Reviews
| country = US
| frequency = Annually
| history = 1970–present, years old
| impact = 11.8
| impact-year = 2022
| website = http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/ecolsys
| ISSN = 1545-2069
| eISSN = 1545-2069
| LCCN = 2003213237
| OCLC = 51651460
| CODEN = ARECBC
}}
The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is an annual scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. The journal was established in 1970 as the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics and changed its name beginning in 2003. It publishes invited review articles on topics considered to be timely and important in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, and systematics. As of 2023, Journal Citation Reports gave the journal a 2022 impact factor of 11.8, ranking it third of 169 journals in the "Ecology" category and third of 52 journals in "Evolutionary Biology".
History
The Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics was first published in 1970, with Richard F. Johnston as its first editor. In 1975 it began publishing biographies of notable ecologists in the prefatory chapter. In 2003, its name was changed to its
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba%20%28disambiguation%29
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Amoeba (sometimes amœba or ameba, plural amoebae, amoebas or amebas) is a type of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.
Amoeba or variants may also refer to:
Biology
Amoeba (genus), a genus of single-celled protists in the family Amoebidae
Amoebozoa, a large group of protists that includes the genus Amoeba
Arts and entertainment
Amoeba Music, an independent music chain
Amoeba (band), an experimental music group with Robert Rich and Rick Davies
Amoeba (album), a 1991 album by the band Critters Buggin
"Amoeba" (song), a 1981 song by the Adolescents
Amoeba (film), a 2016 Malayalam film
Other uses
Ameba (website), a Japanese social networking website
Amoeba (mathematics), a certain type of set
Amoeba order, a mathematical construction in set theory
Amoeba (operating system)
Amoeba defense, a basketball strategy
Amoeba method, a type of downhill search algorithm for finding minima (optima)
Amoeba Management, a management system designed by Kyocera founder Kazuo Inamori
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba%20%28mathematics%29
|
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, an amoeba is a set associated with a polynomial in one or more complex variables. Amoebas have applications in algebraic geometry, especially tropical geometry.
Definition
Consider the function
defined on the set of all n-tuples of non-zero complex numbers with values in the Euclidean space given by the formula
Here, log denotes the natural logarithm. If p(z) is a polynomial in complex variables, its amoeba is defined as the image of the set of zeros of p under Log, so
Amoebas were introduced in 1994 in a book by Gelfand, Kapranov, and Zelevinsky.
Properties
Any amoeba is a closed set.
Any connected component of the complement is convex.
The area of an amoeba of a not identically zero polynomial in two complex variables is finite.
A two-dimensional amoeba has a number of "tentacles", which are infinitely long and exponentially narrow towards infinity.
Ronkin function
A useful tool in studying amoebas is the Ronkin function. For p(z), a polynomial in n complex variables, one defines the Ronkin function
by the formula
where denotes Equivalently, is given by the integral
where
The Ronkin function is convex and affine on each connected component of the complement of the amoeba of .
As an example, the Ronkin function of a monomial
with is
References
.
Further reading
External links
Amoebas of algebraic varieties
Algebraic geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Congress%20of%20Quantum%20Chemistry
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The International Congress of Quantum Chemistry (ICQC), is an international conference dedicated to the field of quantum chemistry. It is organized by the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. The first conference was held from July 4 to 10, 1973 in Menton, France. The first conference marked the "50th anniversary of the discovery of wave mechanics".
Past meetings
In chronological order:
Menton, France July 4–10, 1973
New Orleans (1976)
Kyoto (1979)
Uppsala (1982)
Montreal (1985)
Jerusalem (1988)
Menton (1991)
Prague (1994)
Atlanta (1997)
Menton (2000)
Bonn (2003)
Kyoto (2006)
Helsinki (2009)
Boulder (2012)
Beijing (2015)
Menton June 18–23 (2018)
Bratislava (2023)
Auckland (2026)
Papers from the Congresses have been published by the International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (IJQC).
References
Academic conferences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20control%20technician
|
Fire control technician (abbreviated as FT) is a United States Navy occupational rating.
Fire control technicians perform organizational and intermediate level maintenance on United States Navy submarines combat control systems and equipment, and associated test equipment including tactical computer systems and peripherals.
The Fire Control Technician (FT) is responsible for all operational and administrative aspects of the submarines computer and control mechanisms used in weapons systems and related programs.
See also
List of United States Navy ratings
References
http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/career/enlistedcareeradmin/Pages/default1.aspx
http://usmilitary.about.com/od/enlistedjob1/a/ft.htm
United States Navy ratings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Afzelius
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Johan Afzelius (13 June 1753 in Larv – 20 May 1837 in Uppsala) was a Swedish chemist and notable as the doctoral advisor of one of the founders of modern chemistry, Jöns Jacob Berzelius. He was the brother of botanist Adam Afzelius and physician Pehr von Afzelius.
Afzelius received his PhD at Uppsala University in 1776 under Torbern Olof Bergman. In 1780 he became a lecturer at Uppsala and in 1784 a professor of chemistry. From 1792 to 1797 he undertook research trips to Norway, Denmark and Russia in order to study mineral deposits and to visit scientific institutions. His remarkable mineral collection became part of Uppsala University's mineral cabinet.
Afzelius did mineral analyses, and made contributions to the journal Afhandlingar i fysik, kemi och mineralogi (Treatises on physics, chemistry and mineralogy). He is notable for having isolated formic acid
from ants and showing that formic acid was different from the closely related acetic acid. He also studied the chemistry of nickel and oxalic acid.
In 1801, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Published works
Dissertatio chemica de niccolo, (with Torbern Bergman), 1775 – dissertation on nickel.
Dissertatio chemica de acido sacchari (with Torbern Bergman), 1776 – dissertation on saccharinic acid.
Dissertatio chemica de acido formicarum, (with Petrus Öhrn), 1777 – dissertation on formic acid.
Dissertatio chemica de baroselenite (with Axel Fryxell) 1788 – dissertation on barium selenite
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axenic
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In biology, axenic (, ) describes the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms. The earliest axenic cultures were of bacteria or unicellular eukaryotes, but axenic cultures of many multicellular organisms are also possible. Axenic culture is an important tool for the study of symbiotic and parasitic organisms in a controlled environment.
Preparation
Axenic cultures of microorganisms are typically prepared by subculture of an existing mixed culture. This may involve use of a dilution series, in which a culture is successively diluted to the point where subsamples of it contain only a few individual organisms, ideally only a single individual (in the case of an asexual species). These subcultures are allowed to grow until the identity of their constituent organisms can be ascertained. Selection of those cultures consisting solely of the desired organism produces the axenic culture. Subculture selection may also involve manually sampling the target organism from an uncontaminated growth front in an otherwise mixed culture, and using this as an inoculum source for the subculture.
Axenic cultures are usually checked routinely to ensure that they remain axenic. One standard approach with microorganisms is to spread a sample of the culture onto an agar plate, and to incubate this for a fixed period of time. The agar should be an enriched medium that will support the growt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Daut
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Ryan Daut (born April 18, 1984) is an American professional poker player from New Jersey. After earning a degree in mathematics and computer science from the University of Richmond in 2006, Daut began work on a doctorate in mathematics at Penn State University. He dropped out of the program after one semester to play poker professionally.
Ryan Daut started out competitive gaming in StarCraft and StarCraft: Brood War. He was an avid poster on teamliquid.net posting strategies and guides. Around 2003 when the poker boom hit he shifted into poker along with many other notable starcraft players, Bertrand "Elky" Grosspellier, Guillaume "Grrrr" Patry, Dan "Rekrul" Schreiber, Hevad "Rain" Khan, etc.
On January 10, 2007 Daut won a World Poker Tour event at the PokerStars Caribbean Poker Adventure. He defeated Isaac Haxton heads up and won $1,535,255 for first place.
As of 2010, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,800,000.
References
External links
Hendon Mob tournament results
Interview with Ryan Daut
American poker players
World Poker Tour winners
1984 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20A.%20Sonnenfeld
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David Allan Sonnenfeld (born July 31, 1953) is an American sociologist and Professor of Sociology and environmental policy at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, known for his work in the field of ecological modernisation.
Biography
Sonnenfeld was born to Joseph Sonnenfeld (1929-2014), Professor of Geography at the Texas A&M University. Sonnenfeld obtained his undergraduate degree from the Robert D. Clark Honors College at the University of Oregon in 1973 and his Ph.D. in sociology in 1996 from the University of California, Santa Cruz, where his graduate studies focused on environmental social science, the sociology of development (Southeast Asia), and historical and field research methods.
Sonnenfeld started his academic career as associate professor of sociology at Washington State University. He is also a research associate and periodic guest professor with the Environmental Policy Group at Wageningen University and Research Centre.
In September 2007 he joined the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, where he was appointed professor and chair of environmental studies. He is co-editor of Ecological Modernisation Around the World: Perspectives and Critical Debates. In 2006, he co-edited the book Challenging the Chip.
Work
Forest policy issues led to pursuits in the late 1980s, providing further impetus for forest-industry related research. As an Intercampus Exchange Student at the Univer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undergraduate%20Texts%20in%20Mathematics
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Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics (UTM) () is a series of undergraduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag. The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are small yellow books of a standard size.
The books in this series tend to be written at a more elementary level than the similar Graduate Texts in Mathematics series, although there is a fair amount of overlap between the two series in terms of material covered and difficulty level.
There is no Springer-Verlag numbering of the books like in the Graduate Texts in Mathematics series.
The books are numbered here by year of publication.
List of books
External links
Springer-Verlag's Summary of Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
Series of mathematics books
Mathematics
Mathematics textbooks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buformin
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Buformin (1-butylbiguanide) is an oral antidiabetic drug of the biguanide class, chemically related to metformin and phenformin. Buformin was marketed by German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal as Silubin.
Chemistry and animal toxicology
Buformin hydrochloride is a fine, white to slightly yellow, crystalline, odorless powder, with a weakly acidic bitter taste. Its melting point is 174 to 177 °C, it is a strong base, and is freely soluble in water, methanol and ethanol, but insoluble in chloroform and ether. Toxicity: guinea pig LD50 subcutaneous 18 mg/kg; mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 140 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg oral. The log octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) is -1.20E+00; its water solubility is 7.46E+05 mg/L at 25 °C. Vapor pressure is 1.64E-04 mm Hg at 25 °C (EST); Henry's law constant is 8.14E-16 atm-m3/mole at 25 °C (EST). Its Atmospheric -OH rate constant is 1.60E-10 cm3/molecule-sec at 25 °C.
Mechanism of action
Buformin delays absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract, increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake into cells, and inhibits synthesis of glucose by the liver. Buformin and the other biguanides are not hypoglycemic, but rather antihyperglycemic agents. They do not produce hypoglycemia; instead, they reduce basal and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetics. Biguanides may antagonize the action of glucagon, thus reducing fasting glucose levels.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration of 50 mg of buformin to volunteers, almost 90% of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate%20Studies%20in%20Mathematics
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Graduate Studies in Mathematics (GSM) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). The books in this series are published in hardcover and e-book formats.
List of books
1 The General Topology of Dynamical Systems, Ethan Akin (1993, )
2 Combinatorial Rigidity, Jack Graver, Brigitte Servatius, Herman Servatius (1993, )
3 An Introduction to Gröbner Bases, William W. Adams, Philippe Loustaunau (1994, )
4 The Integrals of Lebesgue, Denjoy, Perron, and Henstock, Russell A. Gordon (1994, )
5 Algebraic Curves and Riemann Surfaces, Rick Miranda (1995, )
6 Lectures on Quantum Groups, Jens Carsten Jantzen (1996, )
7 Algebraic Number Fields, Gerald J. Janusz (1996, 2nd ed., )
8 Discovering Modern Set Theory. I: The Basics, Winfried Just, Martin Weese (1996, )
9 An Invitation to Arithmetic Geometry, Dino Lorenzini (1996, )
10 Representations of Finite and Compact Groups, Barry Simon (1996, )
11 Enveloping Algebras, Jacques Dixmier (1996, )
12 Lectures on Elliptic and Parabolic Equations in Hölder Spaces, N. V. Krylov (1996, )
13 The Ergodic Theory of Discrete Sample Paths, Paul C. Shields (1996, )
14 Analysis, Elliott H. Lieb, Michael Loss (2001, 2nd ed., )
15 Fundamentals of the Theory of Operator Algebras. Volume I: Elementary Theory, Richard V. Kadison, John R. Ringrose (1997, )
16 Fundamentals of the Theory of Operator Algebras. Volume II: Advanced Theory, Richard V. Kadison, John R. Ringrose (1997, )
17 Topics in Clas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20fluidity
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In biology, membrane fluidity refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane or a synthetic lipid membrane. Lipid packing can influence the fluidity of the membrane. Viscosity of the membrane can affect the rotation and diffusion of proteins and other bio-molecules within the membrane, there-by affecting the functions of these things.
Membrane fluidity is affected by fatty acids. More specifically, whether the fatty acids are saturated or unsaturated has an effect on membrane fluidity. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain, and the maximum amount of hydrogen. The absence of double bonds increases fluidity. Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond, creating a "kink" in the chain. The double bond decreases fluidity. While the addition of one double bond raises the melting temperature, research conducted by Xiaoguang Yang et. al. supports that four or more double bonds has a direct correlation to membrane fluidity. Membrane fluidity is also affected by cholesterol. Cholesterol can make the cell membrane fluid as well as rigid.
Factors determining membrane fluidity
Membrane fluidity can be affected by a number of factors. The main facotrs affecting membrane fluidity are environmental (ie. temperature), and compositionally. One way to increase membrane fluidity is to heat up the membrane. Lipids acquire thermal energy when they are heated up; energetic lipids move around more, arranging and rearranging randomly, making
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnoornithology
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Ethnoornithology (also ethno-ornithology) is the study of the relationship between people and birds (from "ethno-" - relating to people and culture - and "ornithology" - the study of birds). It is a branch of ethnozoology and so of the wider field of ethnobiology. Ethnoornithology is an interdisciplinary subject and combines anthropological, cognitive and linguistic perspectives with natural scientific approaches to the description and interpretation of people's knowledge and use of birds. Like ethnoscience and other cognate terms, "ethnoornithology" is sometimes used narrowly to refer to people's practice rather than the study of that practice. The broader focus is on how birds are perceived, used and managed in human societies, including their use for food, medicine and personal adornment, as well as their use in divination and ritual. Applied ethnoornithological research is also starting to play an increasingly important role in the development of conservation initiatives.
History of ethnoornithology
The work of Ralph Bulmer in New Guinea, culminating in his collaboration with Ian Saem Majnep in writing Birds of My Kalam Country (1977), set a new standard for ethnoornithological research, and this book has deservedly become a classic of modern ethno-ornithology.
Approaches to ethnoornithology
Ethnoornithology and conservation
Like other branches of ethnozoology, ethnoornithology has been long undervalued as a resource for conservation, though this is now beginning to
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%20Lawergren
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Bo Lawergren is a Professor Emeritus of physics at Hunter College, The City University of New York. He is also a music archaeologist. He received his PhD in nuclear physics from the Australian National University of Canberra, Australia.
Publications
References
Living people
Hunter College faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Asian Cultural Council grantees
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Farmer%20%28physicist%29
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Frank Farmer OBE (18 September 1912 – 16 July 2004) was an English physicist, and a pioneer in the application of physics to medicine, particularly in relation to the practical aspects of cancer treatment by radiation.
Early life and education
Frank Taylor Farmer was born in Bexleyheath, Kent and studied at Eltham College before graduating with a first-class honours degree in electrical engineering from King's College London in 1933. He then continued to the University of Cambridge, where he completed a four-year PhD on radio-wave propagation in the ionosphere, working as part of J. A. Ratcliffe's research group. He continued researching this topic thereafter at the Marconi Research Centre near Chelmsford, Essex.
Career
In 1940, Farmer began working as assistant physicist in the radiography department at Middlesex Hospital, one of a group of physicists employed by London hospitals during the war to work on issues related to the emerging technology of X-rays, and the use of radium to treat cancer. These issues would become the central focus of Farmer's subsequent career. One of the instruments he invented while at Middlesex, the Farmer dosimeter, became a standard tool used in hospitals around the world to calibrate X-ray machines, and is still produced commercially today.
In 1945 he moved to become head physicist at the Royal Victoria Infirmary (RVI) in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. The hospital at that time had Marconi deep therapy X-Ray machines installed, with which Farmer was c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSm
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In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism. LSm is a contraction of 'like Sm', because the first identified members of the LSm protein family were the Sm proteins. LSm proteins are defined by a characteristic three-dimensional structure and their assembly into rings of six or seven individual LSm protein molecules, and play a large number of various roles in mRNA processing and regulation.
The Sm proteins were first discovered as antigens targeted by so-called anti-Sm antibodies in a patient with a form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a debilitating autoimmune disease. They were named Sm proteins in honor of Stephanie Smith, a patient who suffered from SLE. Other proteins with very similar structures were subsequently discovered and named LSm proteins. New members of the LSm protein family continue to be identified and reported.
Proteins with similar structures are grouped into a hierarchy of protein families, superfamilies, and folds. The LSm protein structure is an example of a small beta sheet folded into a short barrel. Individual LSm proteins assemble into a six or seven member doughnut ring (more properly termed a torus), which usually binds to a small RNA molecule to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. The LSm torus assists the RNA molecule to assume and maintain its proper three-dimensional structure. Depending on which LSm proteins and RNA molecule are involved, this ribonucleopr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20T.%20Raines
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Ronald T. Raines is an American chemical biologist. He is the Roger and Georges Firmenich Professor of Natural Products Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is known for using ideas and methods of physical organic chemistry to solve important problems in biology.
Education
Raines was born and raised in the New Jersey suburbs of New York City. His father was a Ph.D. chemist, having worked with Charles O. Beckman at Columbia University. Raines graduated from West Essex High School in North Caldwell, New Jersey, where he was taught by award-winning chemistry teacher, Rex T. Morrison. He received Sc.B. degrees in chemistry and biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, doing undergraduate research with Christopher T. Walsh on pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. He earned A.M. and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry at Harvard University for work with Jeremy R. Knowles on catalysis by triosephosphate isomerase. Also on his Ph.D. thesis committee were Walter Gilbert and Martin Karplus. Raines was a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellow with William J. Rutter in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco, where he cloned and expressed the gene encoding bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.
Career
Raines was a member of the faculty at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1989 until 2017. There, he was the Henry A. Lardy Professor of Biochemistry, Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Biology, and a Professor o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition
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Recognition may refer to:
Award, something given in recognition of an achievement
Machine learning
Pattern recognition, a branch of machine learning which encompasses the meanings below
Biometric
Recognition of human individuals, or biometrics, used as a form of identification and access control
Facial recognition system, a system to identify individuals by their facial characteristics
Fingerprint recognition, automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints
Handwritten biometric recognition, identifies the author of specific handwriting, offline (static) or in real-time (dynamic)
Iris recognition, a method of biometric identification
Linguistic
Language identification, the problem of identifying which natural language given content is in
Natural language understanding, the parsing of the meaning of text
Speech recognition, the conversion of spoken words into text
Speaker recognition, the recognition of a speaker from their voice
Textual
Handwriting recognition, the conversion of handwritten text into machine-encoded text
Magnetic ink character recognition, used mainly by the banking industry
Optical character recognition, the conversion of typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text
Automatic number plate recognition, the use of optical character recognition to read vehicle registration plates
Other meanings in computer science
Activity recognition, the recognition of events from videos or sensors
Gesture recognition, the interpretatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyal%20bracket
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In physics, the Moyal bracket is the suitably normalized antisymmetrization of the phase-space star product.
The Moyal bracket was developed in about 1940 by José Enrique Moyal, but Moyal only succeeded in publishing his work in 1949 after a lengthy dispute with Paul Dirac. In the meantime this idea was independently introduced in 1946 by Hip Groenewold.
Overview
The Moyal bracket is a way of describing the commutator of observables in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics when these observables are described as functions on phase space. It relies on schemes for identifying functions on phase space with quantum observables, the most famous of these schemes being the Wigner–Weyl transform. It underlies Moyal’s dynamical equation, an equivalent formulation of Heisenberg’s quantum equation of motion, thereby providing the quantum generalization of Hamilton’s equations.
Mathematically, it is a deformation of the phase-space Poisson bracket (essentially an extension of it), the deformation parameter being the reduced Planck constant . Thus, its group contraction yields the Poisson bracket Lie algebra.
Up to formal equivalence, the Moyal Bracket is the unique one-parameter Lie-algebraic deformation of the Poisson bracket. Its algebraic isomorphism to the algebra of commutators bypasses the negative result of the Groenewold–van Hove theorem, which precludes such an isomorphism for the Poisson bracket, a question implicitly raised by Dirac in his 1926 doctoral
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin%20Konner
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Melvin Joel Konner (born 1946) is an American anthropologist who is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Anthropology and of Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology at Emory University. He studied at Brooklyn College, CUNY (1966), where he met Marjorie Shostak, whom he later married and with whom he had three children. He also has a PhD from Harvard University (1973) and a MD from Harvard Medical School (1985).
From 1985 on, he contributed substantially to developing the concept of a Paleolithic diet and its impact on health, publishing along with Stanley Boyd Eaton, and later also with his wife Marjorie Shostak and with Loren Cordain.
Raised in an Orthodox Jewish family, Konner has stated that he lost his faith at age 17.
Selected bibliography
Konner, Melvin J. (2019) Believers: Faith in Human Nature. W. W. Norton & Company.
Konner, Melvin J. (2015) Women After All: Sex, Evolution, and the End of Male Supremacy. W. W. Norton & Company.
Konner, Melvin J. (2010) The Evolution of Childhood. Cambridge, MA : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Konner, Melvin J. (2009) The Jewish Body. Knopf.
Konner, Melvin J. (2003) Unsettled: An Anthropology of the Jews. New York : Viking Compass.
Konner, Melvin J. (2002) The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit, 2nd ed. (original 1982) New York: Times Books.
Konner, Melvin J. (1993) Medicine at the Crossroads: The Crisis in Healthcare. Pantheon Books.
Konner, Melvin J. (1990) Why the Reckless Survive . .
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Gradibus
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De Gradibus was an Arabic book published by the Arab physician Al-Kindi (c. 801–873 CE). De gradibus is the Latinized name of the book. An alternative name for the book was Quia Primos.
In De Gradibus, Al-Kindi attempts to apply mathematics to pharmacology by quantifying the strength of drugs. According to Prioreschi, this was the first attempt at serious quantification in medicine. He also developed a system, based on the phases of the Moon, that would allow a doctor to determine in advance the most critical days of a patient's illness. During the Arabic-Latin translation movement of the 12th century, De Gradibus was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona. Al-Kindi's mathematical reasoning was complex and hard to follow; Roger Bacon commented that his method of computing the strength of a drug was extremely difficult to use.
References
Medical works of the medieval Islamic world
Mathematical works of the medieval Islamic world
Scientific works of the Abbasid Caliphate
9th-century Arabic books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20by%20example
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In computer science, programming by example (PbE), also termed programming by demonstration or more generally as demonstrational programming, is an end-user development technique for teaching a computer new behavior by demonstrating actions on concrete examples. The system records user actions and infers a generalized program that can be used on new examples.
PbE is intended to be easier to do than traditional computer programming, which generally requires learning and using a programming language. Many PbE systems have been developed as research prototypes, but few have found widespread real-world application. More recently, PbE has proved to be a useful paradigm for creating scientific work-flows. PbE is used in two independent clients for the BioMOBY protocol: Seahawk and Gbrowse moby.
Also the programming by demonstration (PbD) term has been mostly adopted by robotics researchers for teaching new behaviors to the robot through a physical demonstration of the task. The usual distinction in literature between these terms is that in PbE the user gives a prototypical product of the computer execution, such as a row in the desired results of a query; while in PbD the user performs a sequence of actions that the computer must repeat, generalizing it to be used in different data sets. For final users, to automate a workflow in a complex tool (e.g. Photoshop), the most simple case of PbD is the macro recorder.
See also
Query by Example
Automated machine learning
Example-
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Horton
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Andy Horton, an American sailor and Olympic hopeful, is best known for his accomplishments Match racing and Star sailing.
Biography
Andy began sailing on Lake Champlain in Vermont where he grew up. He went to prep school at Tabor Academy in Marion MA. After Tabor he attended Hobart college where he studied biology and economics. In 1998 he graduated from Hobart as a 3 time All American. After college he has continued to competitively race sail boats. He has competed in everything from the Americas Cup to Bermuda Races and one design regattas. One of his latest projects was to try to win the right to be the representative to the Olympics in the Star class for the USA. In the end he did not win the trials, but was the top team for 2 years leading up to the regatta. The team was named 2006 Team of the Year by US SAILING, the national governing body of sailing in the United States.
Regatta highlights
Collegiate All American 1998, 1997, 1996
Bermuda Race, USA (2001) 1st
Match Racing World Championship, Italy (2004) 1st
Match Racing World Championship, Russia (2003) 1st
America's Cup, Spain (2007) 3rd with Luna Rossa Challenge
LCYC Wednesday Night Series C2 (2019) 1st (as first mate of Slayride)
Spectator (from Moth) of Slayride’s victory in LCYC Wednesday Series Race B3 (2020)
Star Class
Star World Championship (2006) 4th
Pre-Olympic Regatta, China (2006) 1st
European Championships, Germany (2006) 3rd
Miami Olympic Classes Regatta (2006) 2nd
Miami Olympic Cl
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutler%27s%20bar%20notation
|
In mathematics, Cutler's bar notation is a notation system for large numbers, introduced by Mark Cutler in 2004. The idea is based on iterated exponentiation in much the same way that exponentiation is iterated multiplication.
Introduction
A regular exponential can be expressed as such:
However, these expressions become arbitrarily large when dealing with systems such as Knuth's up-arrow notation. Take the following:
Cutler's bar notation shifts these exponentials counterclockwise, forming . A bar is placed above the variable to denote this change. As such:
This system becomes effective with multiple exponents, when regular denotation becomes too cumbersome.
At any time, this can be further shortened by rotating the exponential counterclockwise once more.
The same pattern could be iterated a fourth time, becoming . For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as Cutler's circular notation.
Advantages and drawbacks
The Cutler bar notation can be used to easily express other notation systems in exponent form. It also allows for a flexible summarization of multiple copies of the same exponents, where any number of stacked exponents can be shifted counterclockwise and shortened to a single variable. The bar notation also allows for fairly rapid composure of very large numbers. For instance, the number would contain more than a googolplex digits, while remaining fairly simple to write with and remember.
However, the system reaches a problem when dealing with diff
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff%20equations
|
In fluid dynamics, the Kirchhoff equations, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, describe the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid.
where and are the angular and linear velocity vectors at the point , respectively; is the moment of inertia tensor, is the body's mass; is
a unit normal to the surface of the body at the point ;
is a pressure at this point; and are the hydrodynamic
torque and force acting on the body, respectively;
and likewise denote all other torques and forces acting on the
body. The integration is performed over the fluid-exposed portion of the
body's surface.
If the body is completely submerged body in an infinitely large volume of irrotational, incompressible, inviscid fluid, that is at rest at infinity, then the vectors and can be found via explicit integration, and the dynamics of the body is described by the Kirchhoff – Clebsch equations:
Their first integrals read
Further integration produces explicit expressions for position and velocities.
References
Kirchhoff G. R. Vorlesungen ueber Mathematische Physik, Mechanik. Lecture 19. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877.
Lamb, H., Hydrodynamics. Sixth Edition Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. 1932.
Mechanics
Classical mechanics
Rigid bodies
Gustav Kirchhoff
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Kemmer
|
Nicholas Kemmer (7 December 1911 – 21 October 1998) was a Russian-born nuclear physicist working in Britain, who played an integral and leading edge role in United Kingdom's nuclear programme, and was known as a mentor of Abdus Salam – a Nobel laureate in physics.
Life
Early life
Nicholas was born to Nicholas P. Kemmer and Barbara Stutzer in Saint Petersburg. His family moved to Germany in 1922, where he was educated at Bismarckschule Hanover and then at the University of Göttingen. He received his doctorate in nuclear physics at the University of Zurich and worked as an assistant to Wolfgang Pauli, who had to give strong arguments in 1936, before being allowed to employ a non-Swiss national. Later on, Kemmer moved to the Beit Fellowship at Imperial College London.
British nuclear development
Kemmer moved to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1940 to work on Tube Alloys, the wartime atomic energy project. In 1940, when Egon Bretscher and Norman Feather showed that a slow neutron reactor fuelled with uranium would in theory produce substantial amounts of plutonium-239 as a by-product, Kemmer (who was lodging at the Bretschers') proposed the names Neptunium for the new element 93 and Plutonium for 94 by analogy with the outer planets Neptune and Pluto beyond Uranus (uranium being element 92). The Americans Edwin M. McMillan and Philip Abelson at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, who had made the same discovery, fortuitously suggested the same names.
Professorship
Kemmer spent
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20spike
|
In neuroscience, a population spike (PS) is the shift in electrical potential as a consequence of the movement of ions involved in the generation and propagation of action potentials. Population spikes often reflect synaptically induced firing and therefore, they can be classified as a type of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
In some areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, neurons are arranged in such a way that they all receive synaptic inputs in the same area. Because these neurons are in the same orientation, the extracellular signals from the generation of action potentials don't cancel out, but rather add up to give a signal that can easily be recorded with a field electrode.
The PS is usually recorded with an extracellular electrode placed close to neural cell bodies or axons.
The first interpretations of hippocampal field potentials were developed by Per Andersen.
References
Neurophysiology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusmayanto%20Kadiman
|
Kusmayanto Kadiman (born in Bandung, West Java 1 May 1954) is an Indonesian engineer and politician who served as State Minister for Research and Technology in the United Indonesia Cabinet between 2004 and 2009.
Education
He studied engineering physics at Bandung Institute of Technology, graduating in 1977. He received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from Australian National University in 1988.
Career
He has served as head of Pusat Komputer PIKSI, Bandung Institute of Technology and
rector of Bandung Institute of Technology from 2001 to 2004.
He was appointed as State Minister for Research and Technology in the United Indonesia Cabinet on 21 October 2004, a post he held until 20 October 2009.
Personal life
He is married and has two sons and a daughter.
References
1954 births
Living people
Javanese people
People from Bandung
Indonesian engineers
Indonesian politicians
Research ministers of Indonesia
Australian National University alumni
Bandung Institute of Technology alumni
Government ministers of Indonesia
Science and technology in Indonesia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Erwin
|
Terry Lee Erwin (December 1, 1940 – May 11, 2020) was an American entomologist with the Smithsonian Institution.
Erwin went to Vallejo High School and then graduated in biology in 1964, followed by a masters in 1966 from San Jose State College (now San Jose State University). He went to the University of Alberta to study carabid beetles under George Ball, obtaining a Ph.D. in 1969 followed by a post-doctoral stint at Harvard under P. Jackson Darlington, Jr. He took up an entomologist position in the United States National Museum (later the Smithsonian Institution) but took a year off to study carabid beetles at the University of Lund under Carl H. Lindroth.
On return in 1971, Erwin was deputed to examine the beetles of Panama. By fogging the forest canopy with pesticide, he collected the falling specimens and found 1,200 species of beetles living in Luehea seemannii trees. Of those 1,200 species of beetles, he estimated that 163 are found only in the Luehea seemannii tree and not in other species of trees. There are about 50,000 species of trees in the tropics and beetles make up 40% of insects and related animals. Erwin estimated that there are about twice as many species of insects and related animals in tropical trees as there are on the ground of the forest. Erwin is notable for his controversial extrapolation of 30 million as the total number of arthropod species.
Erwin served as secretary of the Society of Systematic Biologists from 1973 to 1975, and was the editor
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalia
|
Bengalia is a genus of blow flies in the family Calliphoridae with one authority considering the genus to belong to a separate family Bengaliidae. These bristly and, unlike the greens and blues of most calliphorids, dull coloured flies, are especially noted for their relationship to ants. Little is known of their biology and life-cycle, although adults of many species are kleptoparasitic on ants and will snatch food and pupae being carried by ants or feed on winged termites.
The apt name “Highwayman Fly” was given by an early observer of their way of robbing ants.
Very little is known about their breeding habits. The genus is found in the Afrotropical and oriental region with one species from Australia possibly a recent introduction.
Description
Most of the species have a yellow or brown ground-colour, an antero-posteriorly compressed head, stout mouthparts, a projecting clypeus below the lower facial margin, and have a silent flight.
Behaviour
Bengalia flies are best known for their remarkable highwayman-like habit of robbing ant pupae from ants moving on ant roads.
With respect to Bengalia depressa this habit is described as follows: “[The flies were] settling on blades of grass, stones, and other raised objects near the ant column. ... When any ant made a little circuit away from the main body, a fly would generally pursue it at a distance of about half an inch, but back away as soon as the ant turned towards it. ... Eventually Lamborn saw a fly stalk a minor ant carryin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Wagner
|
Carl Wilhelm Wagner (May 25, 1901 – December 10, 1977) was a German Physical chemist. He is best known for his pioneering work on Solid-state chemistry, where his work on oxidation rate theory, counter diffusion of ions and defect chemistry led to a better understanding of how reactions take place at the atomic level. His life and achievements were honoured in a Solid State Ionics symposium commemorating his 100th birthday in 2001, where he was described as the Father of Solid State Chemistry.
Early life
Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany; the son of Dr Julius Wagner who was the Head of Chemistry at the local institute and secretary of the German Bunsen Society of Physical Chemistry. Wagner graduated at the University of Munich and gained his PhD at the University of Leipzig in 1924 supervised by Max Le Blanc with a dissertation on the reaction rate in solutions. "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit in Lösungen"
Career
Wagner was interested in the measurement of thermodynamic activities of the components in solid and liquid alloys. He also carried out research on problems of solid state chemistry, especially the role of defects of ionic crystals on thermodynamic properties, electrical conductivity and diffusion.
He became a research fellow at the Bodernstein Institute at the University of Berlin. It was in Berlin that he first became acquainted with Walter H. Schottky who asked him to co-author a book on thermodynamic problems. Together with Hermann Ulich t
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20acoustics
|
Nonlinear acoustics (NLA) is a branch of physics and acoustics dealing with sound waves of sufficiently large amplitudes. Large amplitudes require using full systems of governing equations of fluid dynamics (for sound waves in liquids and gases) and elasticity (for sound waves in solids). These equations are generally nonlinear, and their traditional linearization is no longer possible. The solutions of these equations show that, due to the effects of nonlinearity, sound waves are being distorted as they travel.
Introduction
A sound wave propagates through a material as a localized pressure change. Increasing the pressure of a gas or fluid increases its local temperature. The local speed of sound in a compressible material increases with temperature; as a result, the wave travels faster during the high pressure phase of the oscillation than during the lower pressure phase. This affects the wave's frequency structure; for example, in an initially plain sinusoidal wave of a single frequency, the peaks of the wave travel faster than the troughs, and the pulse becomes cumulatively more like a sawtooth wave. In other words, the wave distorts itself. In doing so, other frequency components are introduced, which can be described by the Fourier series. This phenomenon is characteristic of a nonlinear system, since a linear acoustic system responds only to the driving frequency. This always occurs but the effects of geometric spreading and of absorption usually overcome the self-dist
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine%20Sutton
|
Christine Sutton is a particle physicist who edited the CERN Courier from 2003 to 2015. She retired from CERN in 2015.
Sutton was previously based at the University of Oxford, working in the Particle Physics Group and tutoring physics at St Catherine's College.
She was Physical Sciences Editor for New Scientist magazine in the early 1980s, and has authored several non-fiction science books, most recently (with Frank Close and Michael Marten) The Particle Odyssey (1987, 2002).
Contributions to Encyclopædia Britannica
She also contributed to the 2007 Encyclopædia Britannica, with 24 articles on particle physics:
Argonne National Laboratory (Micropædia article)
Colliding-Beam Storage Ring (Micropædia article)
DESY (Micropædia article)
Electroweak theory (Micropædia article)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Micropædia article)
Feynman diagram (Micropædia article)
Flavour (Micropædia article)
Gluon (Micropædia article)
Higgs particle (Micropædia article)
Linear accelerator (Micropædia article)
Particle accelerators (in part, Macropædia article)
Quantum chromodynamics (Micropædia article)
Renormalization (Micropædia article)
SLAC (Micropædia article)
Standard model (Micropædia article)
Strong nuclear force (Micropædia article)
Subatomic particles (Macropædia article)
Supergravity (Micropædia article)
Superstring theory (Micropædia article)
Supersymmetry (Micropædia article)
Tau (Micropædia article)
Unified field theory (Micropædia article)
Weak nuc
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%20Pass
|
Nelson Pass (born June 27, 1951) is a designer of audio amplifiers. Pass is vocal that listening tests remain valuable and that electrical measurements alone do not fully characterize the sound of an amplifier. Pass holds at least seven U.S. patents related to audio circuits.
Career
Studies, PMA and ESS
In 1974, he received his BS in physics from the University of California-Davis.
During his studies, he and Mike Maher founded the small speaker company PMA. From 1973 to 1974, he was employed at ESS and assisted Dr. Oskar Heil with crossover design, woofer selection, and final build cabinetry of audiophile, consumer grade loudspeakers. Nelson Pass holds 6 patents related to magneplanar speakers.
Threshold
After graduating in 1974, he and René Besne founded high-end amplifier company Threshold Electronics on December 5, 1974. Later, Joe Sammut became the third partner. Threshold is perhaps best known for the "Stasis" amplifiers (a design later also produced under license by Nakamichi). During his time there he demonstrated an Ion Cloud loudspeaker at CES in 1980, based on ion wind technology. He sold Threshold Electronics in 1997. The company continued without Nelson Pass under the name Threshold Audio.
Adcom
In the mid 1980s, Pass designed the well-reviewed Adcom GFA-555 amplifier. This was a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) based design. Nelson also designed the GFA-5XXX MOSFET-based series of high-bias class-AB amplifiers for Adcom (i.e. -5300, -5400, -5500, -5800).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassim%20Almawi
|
Wassim Y. Almawi is professor in the School of Pharmacy at Lebanese American University in Byblos, Lebanon, and adjunct professor at Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University in Tunis, Tunisia. This followed appointment as professor and chairman of Department of Biochemistry at Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain from 2000 to 2017. Almawi is also the Chief of the Special and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory in Bahrain.
References
Living people
Dalhousie University alumni
Lebanese American University alumni
Academic staff of the American University of Beirut
Harvard Medical School people
Bahraini academics
Academic staff of the Arabian Gulf University
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Leakey
|
Colin Louis Avern Leakey (13 December 1933, Cambridge, England – 29 January 2018, Lincoln, England) was a leading plant scientist in the United Kingdom, a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge and of the Institute of Biology, and a world authority on beans.
Background
Colin Leakey was the son of Louis Leakey (1903–1972), the pioneering paleoanthropologist, and Frida (Avern) Leakey, of Newnham College, Cambridge. His paternal grandparents were Church of England missionaries in British East Africa; his father grew up amidst the Kikuyu people and spent almost all his life in what became Kenya. His parents met in 1927 and married the following year. Their first child was a daughter, Priscilla Muthoni; Colin was their only other child. Louis left Frida just after Colin was born. He grew up with his mother and sister in Cambridge, and did not see his father again until he was 19.
By his father's second marriage to Mary Leakey, Leakey was half-brother to Richard, a conservationist, Philip, a politician, and Jonathan, a businessman. Many of the Leakey family have made contributions to archaeology and anthropology. His mother never remarried.
Education
After Gresham's School, Holt, Leakey served his national service in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, including a year on the staff of Lord Mountbatten who was then Commander in Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet. Leakey then studied physiology, biochemistry, botany and the history and philosophy of science for a first degree at Cambri
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Angel%20Corzo
|
Miguel Angel Corzo (born January 1, 1942) is an American arts administrator and consultant.
Early life and education
Miguel Angel Corzo was born and raised in Mexico City. He completed an undergraduate degree in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1967.
Professional life
Corzo became the first President and CEO of LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes in Los Angeles from August 2009 to September 2011. Corzo was President and CEO of The Colburn School in Los Angeles until October 2008.
Prior to Colburn, between 2000 and June 2007, he was the President and CEO of the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.
As Corzo's tenure was ending at the University of the Arts, the university allocated a $5 million gift from Philadelphia-area philanthropist Dorrance Hill Hamilton and named its Center for the Creative Economy after him.
He was the Director of the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles from 1991 to 1998.
Published works
References
External links
Living people
1942 births
Mexican emigrants to the United States
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
American chief executives
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%20Cascade%20Cipher
|
In cryptography, the Intel Cascaded Cipher is a high bandwidth block cipher, used as an optional component of the Output Content Protection DRM scheme of the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system. The cipher is based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) operating in counter mode, used for generating keys, and a 3-round version of Serpent for encrypting actual content.
The Cascaded Cipher has not been subject to an open peer review process. A license for using the Cascaded Cipher is required from Intel Corporation.
Description
The Cascaded Cipher specifications are not currently available on the Intel web site or in academic journals. A description of the structure of the cipher appears in a US patent application. In this case, the patent application only describes the inventive steps as claimed by its inventors, and is not a specification of the cipher as it is intended to be used to protect content in Windows Vista.
There are two embodiments of the cipher described in the US patent application.
CTR-ECB mode
In the counter-electronic codebook mode, the Cascaded Cipher uses full strength AES-128 in counter mode to generate a secure key stream and supplies this key-stream to a reduced round Serpent in electronic codebook mode to encrypt each plaintext block. To increase performance, each inner key stream block is reused several times to encrypt multiple blocks.
CTR-CTR mode
In the counter-counter mode, the Cascaded Cipher uses full-strength AES-128 in counter mode to
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogolyubov%20Prize%20for%20young%20scientists
|
The Bogoliubov Prize for young scientists is an award offered to young researchers in theoretical physics by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), an international intergovernmental organization located in Dubna, Russia. The award is issued in memory of the physicist and mathematician Nikolay Bogoliubov.
The prize is awarded to young (up to 33-year-old) researchers for "outstanding contributions in fields of theoretical physics related to Bogoliubov's scientific interests". The awardee is one who has demonstrated "early scientific maturity" and whose results are recognized worldwide and peer-reviewed. The laureates generally emulate Bogoliubov's own skill in using sophisticated mathematics to attempt to solve concrete physical problems (mostly in the fields of nonlinear dynamics, statistical physics, quantum field theory and elementary particle physics).
Jury
The jury is presided by the theoretical physicist Dmitry Shirkov, who co-authored many works with Nikolay Bogoliubov.
Laureates
1999 Oleg Shvedov (Moscow State University, Russia): for a series of works on asymptotical methods in statistical physics and quantum field theory.
2001 Evgenii Ivashkevich (JINR, Russia): for a series of works on analytical methods in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
2005 Aurélien Barrau (the Laboratory of sub-atomic physics and cosmology and Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France): for a series of works on astrophysics and cosmology.
See also
List of physics aw
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside%20Methodist%20Hospital
|
Riverside Methodist Hospital is the largest member hospital of OhioHealth, a not-for-profit, faith-based healthcare system located in Columbus, Ohio.
As a regional tertiary care hospital, Riverside Methodist is host to a number of specialty centers and services, including Neuroscience and Stroke, Heart and Vascular, Maternity and Women's Health, Cancer Care, Trauma Center II, Hand and Microvascular, Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgeries, Orthopedics, Imaging, and Bariatric Surgery. U.S. News & World Report regionally ranked Riverside Methodist Hospital the number 9 best performing among hospitals in Ohio, number 2 in Columbus metro area, rated high performing in four specialties and procedures and a nationally ranked hospital, number 49, in Neurology & Neurosurgery.
History
The hospital was founded on June 2, 1892, as the Protestant Hospital. Located in a 15-room house on Dennison Avenue, Columbus, the Hospital could accommodate up to 40 patients. In 1898 the hospital relocated to a larger premises at 700 North Park Street. In 1922, the hospital joined the Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference and was renamed the White Cross Hospital.
Between 1974 and 1976, in the Columbus radiotherapy accident, 426 patients received "significant" overdoses of radiation from a cobalt-60 external beam radiotherapy unit while receiving treatment for cancers.
Riverside Methodist Hospital has been named to Truven Health Analytics Top 100 Hospitals, and is one of six Hospitals to receive thi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger%E2%80%93Hamilton%20stages
|
In developmental biology, the Hamburger–Hamilton stages (HH) are a series of 46 chronological stages in chick development, starting from laying of the egg and ending with a newly hatched chick. It is named for its creators, Viktor Hamburger and Howard L. Hamilton.
Chicken embryos are a useful model organism in experimental embryology for a number of reasons. Their domestication as poultry makes them more readily available than other vertebrates (such as mice), and being oviparous, the embryos are easily accessible. However, the rate of development can be affected by a range of factors; including the specific breed, the temperature of incubation, the delay between laying and incubation, and the time of year, raising the need to create a standardised system based on morphology rather than chronological age.
There had been a previous attempt to create a morphological system for staging chick development by the German embryologists Keibel and Abraham in 1900, but this system lacked detail and was not widely used, with most researchers relying on somite number or age to identify the stage of development. Hamburger and Hamilton aimed to provide a detailed description of developmental events, modeled on an earlier system for Axolotl by Harrison.
The Hamburger–Hamilton system provides advantages over the Carnegie system in that it allows the developing chick to be accurately characterized during all embryonic stages, and is used universally in chick embryology.
Stages of developm
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton%20Oscar%20Person
|
Clayton Oscar Person, (May 16, 1922 – September 1, 1990) was recognized internationally as an authority on the genetics of host-parasite relations. He was born and raised in Aylesbury, Saskatchewan, Canada and died in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. His writings have made a major contribution to the development of a rigorous theoretical basis for our understanding of how the genetic structure of parasitic populations interacts with that of their host populations. This was known as the gene-for-gene relationship. His theoretical methods have been applied widely in the practical management of parasitic diseases in agriculture and forestry.
Biography
Education
After service overseas in the Royal Canadian Navy from 1941-1945, he returned to enroll at the University of Saskatchewan where he was awarded Honours in Biology in 1950 and the MA in 1951. He studied for the Ph.D. at the University of Alberta, then spent two post-doctoral years abroad — one at the University of Lund, Sweden and another at the John Innes Institute in England.
Career
Dr. Person was employed for several years (1956-1961) as Research Officer with Agriculture Canada in its Dominion Rust Research Laboratory, Winnipeg. He was then appointed as the first Head of the Department of Genetics at the University of Alberta. In 1966 he joined the Department of Botany of the University of British Columbia. Dr. Person has served the Canadian scientific community in various capacities, including participation in
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optics
|
Acousto-optics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between sound waves and light waves, especially the diffraction of laser light by ultrasound (or sound in general) through an ultrasonic grating.
Introduction
Optics has had a very long and full history, from ancient Greece, through the renaissance and modern times. As with optics, acoustics has a history of similar duration, again starting with the ancient Greeks. In contrast, the acousto-optic effect has had a relatively short history, beginning with Brillouin predicting the diffraction of light by an acoustic wave, being propagated in a medium of interaction, in 1922. This was then confirmed with experimentation in 1932 by Debye and Sears, and also by Lucas and Biquard.
The particular case of diffraction on the first order, under a certain angle of incidence, (also predicted by Brillouin), has been observed by Rytow in 1935. Raman and Nath (1937) have designed a general ideal model of interaction taking into account several orders. This model was developed by Phariseau (1956) for diffraction including only one diffraction order.
In general, acousto-optic effects are based on the change of the refractive index of a medium due to the presence of sound waves in that medium. Sound waves produce a refractive index grating in the material, and it is this grating that is "seen" by the light wave. These variations in the refractive index, due to the pressure fluctuations, may be detected optically by refract
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseltamivir%20total%20synthesis
|
Oseltamivir total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of the antiinfluenza drug oseltamivir marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Tamiflu. Its commercial production starts from the biomolecule shikimic acid harvested from Chinese star anise and from recombinant E. coli. Control of stereochemistry is important: the molecule has three stereocenters and the sought-after isomer is only 1 of 8 stereoisomers.
Commercial production
The current production method is based on the first scalable synthesis developed by Gilead Sciences starting from naturally occurring quinic acid or shikimic acid. Due to lower yields and the extra steps required (because of the additional dehydration), the quinic acid route was dropped in favour of the one based on shikimic acid, which received further improvements by Hoffmann-La Roche.
The current industrial synthesis is summarised below:
Karpf / Trussardi synthesis
The current production method includes two reaction steps with potentially hazardous azides. A reported azide-free Roche synthesis of tamiflu is summarised graphically below:
The synthesis commences from naturally available (−)-shikimic acid. The 3,4-pentylidene acetal mesylate is prepared in three steps: esterification with ethanol and thionyl chloride; ketalization with p-toluenesulfonic acid and 3-pentanone; and mesylation with triethylamine and methanesulfonyl chloride. Reductive opening of the ketal under modified Hunter conditions in dichloromethane yields an inse
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loki%207%20bombings
|
Roger Charles Bell is a Canadian former secondary school teacher and convicted criminal from Prince Edward Island. Born in Murray River in 1944, Bell is a graduate of University of Western Ontario and taught high school chemistry at several schools in eastern Prince Edward Island.
Criminal conviction
Bell was arrested in 1997 and charged in connection with a series of pipe bomb explosions in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, and Halifax, Nova Scotia, dating from 1988 to 1996. During this time, a series of communications to media and law enforcement officials claimed that the bombings were undertaken by a group calling itself "Loki 7". Bell was convicted in 1997 by Chief Justice Armand DesRoches on charges of exploding four pipe bombs over a period of eight years and was given a nine-year sentence which he served at the Springhill Institution in Nova Scotia.
Bombings
A pipe bomb exploded outside the Sir Louis Henry Davies Law Courts in Charlottetown in October 1988. The bomb was obscured in a flower bed and exploded at 0600, causing no structural damage, although windows were broken and damage was sustained to the law library.
After a 6-year lull, a pipe bomb planted in a trash can in Halifax's Point Pleasant Park was discovered in 1994. Law enforcement were alerted and the bomb was defused with no damage being reported.
On April 20, 1995, one day after the Oklahoma City bombing attack, a powerful pipe bomb that was planted under a wood-framed wheelchair ramp on the no
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