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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah%20Landecker | Hannah L. Landecker (born 1969) is an Australian author and academic working as a professor of sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles and the UCLA Institute for Society and Genetics.
Education
Landecker earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of British Columbia and a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Career
Landecker's research interests are the social and historical study of biotechnology and life science and the intersections of biology and technology, with a particular focus on cells and the in vitro conditions of life in research settings. Landecker was assistant professor of anthropology at Rice University through 2007. She was a visiting scholar at University of Texas Medical Branch in 2004, where she worked on a project that examined the changing human relationship to living matter in an age of biotechnology. She is also worked on developing new methods and curricula for teaching the history and social study of biotechnology to undergraduates. Recent work includes looking at ways in which antibiotic resistance has become a key marker of the Anthropocene.
Publications
Culturing Life: How Cells Became Technologies; Harvard University Press (2007)
Cellular Features: Microcinematography and Early Film Theory, Critical Inquiry 31(4):903-937. (2005)
Living Differently in Time: Plasticity, Temporality, and Cellular Biotechnologies, Culture Machine 7 (2005)
Immortality, In Vitro: A History of the HeLa Cell Line. Bio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet | Singlet may refer to:
singlet state, in theoretical physics, a quantum state with zero spin
Singlet fission, in molecular photophysics
in spectroscopy, an entity appearing as a single peak; see NMR spectroscopy
in optics, a single lens element, the building blocks of lens systems; see lens (optics)
a one-piece collarless garment, also known as a sleeveless shirt or vest
wrestling singlet, a one-piece garment specific to wrestling
BID/60, a British encryption machine
Singlet oxygen, the common name used for an excited form of molecular oxygen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20Okopenko | Andreas Okopenko (15 March 1930, Košice – 27 June 2010, Vienna) was an Austrian writer.
Andreas Okopenko's father was a Ukrainian physician and his mother was Austrian. From 1939, the family lived in Vienna. After studying chemistry at the University of Vienna Okopenko was active in the industry. Starting from 1950 he dedicated himself increasingly to the literature. From 1951 to 1953, he created a literature magazine, in which he published works by numerous members of the Austrian avant-garde of that time. From 1968 until his death he lived as a freelance writer in Vienna.
Okopenko was, from 1973 to 1985, a member of the Grazer author meeting and from 1999 until his death he was a member of the Austrian art senate.
Honors
1965 Anton Wildgans price
1977 Austrian appreciation price for literature
1983 Literary award of the city Vienna
1993 Literary award of the Hertha Kräftner society (Grosshöflein/Burgenland)
1995 Golden honour medal of the city Vienna
1998 Grand Austrian State Prize
2002 George Trakl price
Notable works
Child Nazi , 1984
Affenzucker/Neue Lockergedichte , 1999
External links
Literaturlandschaft Österreich: Andreas Okopenko
Überblick über Texte von Andreas Okopenko im Internet
ELEX - Der elektronische Lexikon-Roman
Obituary, in Die Presse
1930 births
2010 deaths
Austrian male writers
Austrian people of Ukrainian descent
Anton Wildgans Prize winners
Theodor Körner Prize recipients
Slovak people of Ukrainian descent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trends%20in%20Analytical%20Chemistry | Trends in Analytical Chemistry is a peer reviewed journal in analytical chemistry with reviews of the latest developments in the field. Its editor as of 2019 is Janusz Pawliszyn.
The 2022 impact factor was 13.1.
Chemistry journals
Monthly journals
Elsevier academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk%20Spennemann | Dr. Dirk Spennemann, an Australian cultural heritage academic, is an Associate Professor in Cultural Heritage Management at the School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University in Albury, New South Wales, Australia. His main research interest rests in the area of futures studies focussing on heritage futures by examining issues such as the conceptual understanding of emergent heritage(s), the recognition of heritage sites and objects of future heritage value such as Space Heritage and Robotics; and the relationship between cultural heritage values and the influences of management processes as they play out between heritage professionals and the general public.
Biography
Spennemann is the recipient of the Governor's Humanities Award for Excellence in Research and Publication, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (2004) and the Partnership Steward Ship Award for Cultural Resources, Pacific West Region, US National Park Service (2001) as well as the Vice Chancellor's Award for Research Excellence, Charles Sturt University (1996) and the Vice Chancellor's Award for Teaching Excellence, Charles Sturt University (1995).
Spennemann is a member of the Association of Professional Futurists, the World Futures Studies Federation, the World Futures Society, the British Interplanetary Society and Australia ICOMOS. Spennemann is the editor of the journals Studies in German Colonial Heritage (ISSN 1834-7797) and Studies in Contemporary and Emergent Heritage (ISSN 18 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%20operator | In computer science, Peter Landin's J operator is a programming construct that post-composes a lambda expression with the continuation to the current lambda-context. The resulting “function” is first-class and can be passed on to subsequent functions, where if applied it will return its result to the continuation of the function in which it was created.
History
The J operator was created to make labels and jumps a first class value. It was designed to work with the SECD machine with the following extra transitions:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Transition
!From
!To
|-
|J
|J:f:S, E, ap:C, D
|closure(f,D):S, E, C, D
|-
|Closure
|closure(f, (S', E', C', D''')):x:S, E, ap:C, D|f:x:S', E', ap:C', D'
|}
The J operator originally created what was called a "program closure", consisting of a function called the body and a SECD state called the dump. A program closure is equivalent to composing its body with the dump in continuation form (closure(f,D)(x) = D(f(x)) ).
Simplified description
The J operator composes a function with the continuation of the calling function. That is, the J operator returns a function, which when applied applies the argument of the J operator with the argument of the function, and then forces the function that called the J operator to return that value.
Examples
J(λx.x) is equivalent to a first class return statement. This is because λx.x is the identity function, so when it gets applied it will do nothing to the value given and returns it straight away. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alembert | Alembert and its variants may refer to:
People:
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783), French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist
Sandy D'Alemberte (1933–2019), American lawyer and politician
Places:
D'Alembert (crater), a lunar impact crater
Mathematics and Physics:
d'Alembert's formula, a mathematical formula
d'Alembert's paradox, a statement concerning inviscid flow
d'Alembert's principle, a statement of the fundamental classical laws of motion
d'Alembert–Euler condition, a mathematical and physical condition
D'Alembert operator, an operator of the Einstein equation
Ratio test, also known as d'Alembert's test, a test for the convergence of a series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermethioninemia | Hypermethioninemia is an excess of the amino acid methionine, in the blood. This condition can occur when methionine is not broken down properly in the body.
Presentation
Genetics
Hypermethioninemia can have different inheritance patterns. This condition is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means two copies of the gene in each cell are altered. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder each carry one copy of the altered gene but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder.
Hypermethioninemia is occasionally inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In these cases, an affected person usually has one parent with the condition.
Pathophysiology
Inherited hypermethioninemia that is not associated with other metabolic disorders can be caused by shortages in the enzymes that break down methionine. These enzymes are produced from the MAT1A, GNMT and AHCY genes. The reactions involved in metabolizing methionine help supply some of the amino acids needed for protein production. These reactions are also involved in transferring methyl groups, consisting of a carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms, from one molecule to another (transmethylation), which is important in many cellular processes.
The MAT1A gene provides instructions for producing the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase. This enzyme converts methionine into a compo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensu | Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Common qualifiers
Sensu is the ablative case of the noun sensus, here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are:
sensu stricto – "in the strict sense", abbreviation s.s. or s.str.;
sensu lato – "in the broad sense", abbreviation s.l.;
sensu amplo – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to sensu lato.
Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase sensu eminenti to mean "in the pre-eminent [or most important or significant] sense".
When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning of "more" or "most". Thus sensu stricto becomes sensu strictiore ("in the stricter sense" or "more strictly speaking") and sensu strictissimo ("in the strictest possible sense" or "most strictly speaking").
Current definitions of the plant kingdom (Plantae) offer a biological example of when such phrases might be used. One definition of Plantae is that it consists of all green plants (comprising green algae and land plants), all red algae and all glaucophyte algae. A stricter definition excludes the red and glaucophyte algae; the group defined in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter%20Nimtz | Günter Nimtz (born 22 September 1936) is a German physicist, working at the 2nd Physics Institute at the University of Cologne in Germany. He has investigated narrow-gap semiconductors and liquid crystals. His claims show that particles may travel faster than the speed of light when undergoing quantum tunneling.
Academic career
Günter Nimtz studied Electrical Engineering in Mannheim and Physics at the University of Heidelberg. He graduated from the University of Vienna and became a professor of physics at the University of Cologne in 1983. During 1977 he was a research associate for teaching and researching at McGill University, Montreal/Canada. He achieved emeritus status in 2001. During 2004 he was Visiting Professor at the University of Shanghai and of the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. From 2001 to 2008 he was teaching and doing fundamental research at the University of Koblenz-Landau.
Industrial research and development
In 1993 Günter Nimtz and Achim Enders invented a novel absorber for electromagnetic anechoic chambers.
It is based on a 10 nanometer -thick metal film placed on an incombustible pyramidal carrier. At the Merck Company in Darmstadt Nimtz designed an apparatus for the production of ceramic aerosols.
Experiments related to superluminal quantum tunneling
Nimtz and his coauthors have been investigating superliminal quantum tunneling since 1992. Their experiment involved microwaves either being sent across two space-separated prisms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia%20of%20Analytical%20Chemistry | The Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry is an English-language multi-volume encyclopedia published by John Wiley & Sons.
It is a comprehensive analytical chemistry reference, covering all aspects from theory and instrumentation through applications and techniques. Containing over 600 articles and over 6500 illustrations the 15-volume print edition published in 2000. The encyclopedia has been available online since the end of 2006.
References
External links
Publisher description of the print version http://eu.wiley.com
Online Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com
Encyclopedias of science
Chemistry books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia%20of%20Reagents%20for%20Organic%20Synthesis | The Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis is published in print and online by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The online version is also known as e-EROS. The encyclopedia contains a description of the use of reagents used in organic chemistry. The eight-volume print version includes 3500 alphabetically arranged articles and the online version is regularly updated to include new reagents and catalysts.
References
External links
Print version
Encyclopedias of science
Chemistry books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPRESI%20database | The SPRESI data collection is one of the largest databases for organic chemistry worldwide. The database covers the scientific literature from 1974 to 2014, focusing on organic synthesis. It contains information on 5.8 million chemical structures and 4.6 million chemical reactions abstracted from 700,000 references.
History
Since 1974 the data collection has been jointly built by VINITI(All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences, based in Moscow) and ZIC (Zentrale Informationsverarbeitung Chemie, based in east Berlin, up to 1989) and the data are now maintained by the VINITI Institute. Since 1990 InfoChem GmbH, part of DeepMatter Group, based in Munich, Germany, has been the distributor of this data collection and developed the database SPRESIweb and the app SPRESImobile.
Database Content
The SPRESI database contains information on organic substances, including coverage of reactions, structures and properties. Over 32 million records of factual data, such as physical properties (boiling/melting points, refractive indexes, etc.), reaction conditions (catalysts, yields, etc.) and keywords have also been abstracted. Links to the literature in which the substances are described are also given.
Access
The SPRESI data collection can be accessed online via the web-application SPRESIweb, developed and distributed by InfoChem. Alternatively the complete set or subsets of the database can be acquired as raw data in SDF/RDF chemic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%20reflection | Mach reflection is a supersonic fluid dynamics effect, named for Ernst Mach, and is a shock wave reflection pattern involving three shocks.
Introduction
Mach reflection can exist in steady, pseudo-steady and unsteady flows. When a shock wave, which is moving with a constant velocity, propagates over a solid wedge, the flow generated by the shock impinges
on the wedge thus generating a second reflected shock, which ensures that the velocity of
the flow is parallel to the wedge surface. Viewed in the frame of the reflection point, this
flow is locally steady, and the flow is referred to as pseudosteady. When
the angle between the wedge and the primary shock is sufficiently large, a single reflected
shock is not able to turn the flow to a direction parallel to the wall and a transition to Mach
reflection occurs.
In a steady flow situation, if a wedge is placed into a steady supersonic flow in such
a way that its oblique attached shock impinges on a flat wall parallel to the free stream,
the shock turns the flow toward the wall and a reflected shock is required to turn the flow
back to a direction parallel to the wall. When the shock angle exceeds a certain value, the
deflection achievable by a single reflected shock is insufficient to turn the flow back to a
direction parallel to the wall and transition to Mach reflection is observed.
Mach reflection consists of three shocks, namely the incident shock, the reflected shock and a Mach stem, as well as a slip plane. The point |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-finite | In mathematics, a K-finite function is a type of generalized trigonometric polynomial. Here K is some compact group, and the generalization is from the circle group T.
From an abstract point of view, the characterization of trigonometric polynomials amongst other functions F, in the harmonic analysis of the circle, is that for functions F in any of the typical function spaces, F is a trigonometric polynomial if and only if its Fourier coefficients
an
vanish for |n| large enough, and that this in turn is equivalent to the statement that all the translates
F(t + θ)
by a fixed angle θ lie in a finite-dimensional subspace. One implication here is trivial, and the other, starting from a finite-dimensional invariant subspace, follows from complete reducibility of representations of T.
From this formulation, the general definition can be seen: for a representation ρ of K on a vector space V, a K-finite vector v in V is one for which the
ρ(k).v
for k in K span a finite-dimensional subspace. The union of all finite-dimension K-invariant subspaces is itself a subspace, and K-invariant, and consists of all the K-finite vectors. When all v are K-finite, the representation ρ itself is called K-finite.
References
Representation theory of groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Respighi | Pietro Respighi S.T.D. JUD (22 September 1843 – 22 March 1913) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran.
He was born in Bologna , the son of a mathematics professor at the University of Bologna. Pietro studied philosophy with Battaglini, who later became archbishop of Bologna.
He received the sacrament of confirmation in November 1850. He was educated in the Seminary of Bologna and the Pio Roman Seminary in Rome, earning doctorates in theology, civil and canon law in 1870. Ordained to the priesthood on the last day of March 1866 in Rome, he afterwards worked in the Archdiocese of Bologna as professor of Sacred Liturgy and Christian Archology of its seminary from 1872 to June 1874. He was appointed as Archpriest of Santi Gervasio e Protasio parish until 1891.
Episcopate and Cardinalate
Pope Leo XIII appointed him Bishop of Guastalla on 14 December 1891. He was appointed to the see of Ferrara in 1896. As Archbishop of Ferrara he was created Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quattro Coronati in the consistory of 19 June 1899. He resigned pastoral government of the archdiocese of Ferrara on 19 April 1900. On the death of Pope Leo XIII he participated in the conclave of 1903 that elected Pope Pius X. He was Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals from 1906 until 1907, and in 1910 he was appointed Archpriest of the Patriarchal Lateran basilica, a position he held until his death three years later.
Notes and Reference |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suresh%20Rattan | Suresh Rattan (full name: Suresh Inder Singh Rattan; born in 1955 in Amritsar, India) is a biogerontologist – a researcher in the field of biology of ageing, biogerontology.
In addition to his professional research work on the biology of ageing, he is also very much interested and involved in the public communication of science and he likes to undertake explorations in the Indian classical music and semi-classical music by playing Tabla – the North Indian drums, as evident from music CDs "State of the Art: Small Town People" by Harry Jokumsen and other artists (2008), and "The Fall and the Rise of a Woman" by Pearl (2014) in which he plays Tabla under his artistic name Shashi Maharaj.
Academic background
Suresh Rattan has been heading, since its inception in 1984, the Laboratory of Cellular Ageing at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics at the Aarhus University in Denmark, where he has become Emeritus since 2020. He was introduced to the field of ageing by Professor Suraj P. Sharma at the Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, India, during his BSc and MSc studies (1973–1977), followed by MPhil studies on the regenerative capacity of Hydra, under the guidance of Professor Sivatosh Mookerjee, at the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India (1977–1979). Suresh Rattan earned his PhD in 1982 from the National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK, based on his research project testing the error theory of cellu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissible%20representation | In mathematics, admissible representations are a well-behaved class of representations used in the representation theory of reductive Lie groups and locally compact totally disconnected groups. They were introduced by Harish-Chandra.
Real or complex reductive Lie groups
Let G be a connected reductive (real or complex) Lie group. Let K be a maximal compact subgroup. A continuous representation (π, V) of G on a complex Hilbert space V is called admissible if π restricted to K is unitary and each irreducible unitary representation of K occurs in it with finite multiplicity. The prototypical example is that of an irreducible unitary representation of G.
An admissible representation π induces a -module which is easier to deal with as it is an algebraic object. Two admissible representations are said to be infinitesimally equivalent if their associated -modules are isomorphic. Though for general admissible representations, this notion is different than the usual equivalence, it is an important result that the two notions of equivalence agree for unitary (admissible) representations. Additionally, there is a notion of unitarity of -modules. This reduces the study of the equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations of G to the study of infinitesimal equivalence classes of admissible representations and the determination of which of these classes are infinitesimally unitary. The problem of parameterizing the infinitesimal equivalence classes of admissible representatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20B.%20Wolowelsky | Joel Blumenthal Wolowelsky (b. 1946) is a Modern Orthodox thinker and author. He is the dean of faculty at the Yeshivah of Flatbush high school, where he teaches Ethics and mathematics. He has written extensively on topics pertaining to the role of women in Judaism and Jewish medical ethics. He served as Associate Editor of Tradition, the Journal of Jewish Thought, and The Young One, published by the Rabbinical Council of America, the Tora u-Madda Journal published by Yeshiva University, and MeOtzer HoRav: Selected Writings of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik.
Education and career
Wolowelsky earned his Bachelor of Science degree at Yeshiva University in 1969 and his doctorate in philosophy at New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development in 1979.
He served as chairman of advanced placement studies at Yeshivah of Flatbush.
Wolowelsky is on the advisory boards of the Lookstein Center for Jewish Education at Bar-Ilan University, the Boston Initiative for Excellence in Jewish Day Schools, and the Pardes Educators Program in Jerusalem.
Awards
Yeshiva University Lifetime Achievement Award in Jewish Education (2010)
Selected bibliography
Books
(ed. with Emanuel Feldman)
(ed.)
(ed. with Lawrence H. Schiffman)
(ed. with David Shatz)
(ed. with Emanuel Feldman)
(ed. with Emanuel Feldman)
MeOtzer HoRav series
(ed. with David Shatz and Reuven Ziegler)
(ed. with Eli D. Clark and Reuven Ziegler)
(ed. with Reuven Ziegler)
(ed. with Davi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%20functions | In applied mathematics, the Kelvin functions berν(x) and beiν(x) are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of
where x is real, and , is the νth order Bessel function of the first kind. Similarly, the functions kerν(x) and keiν(x) are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of
where is the νth order modified Bessel function of the second kind.
These functions are named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin.
While the Kelvin functions are defined as the real and imaginary parts of Bessel functions with x taken to be real, the functions can be analytically continued for complex arguments With the exception of bern(x) and bein(x) for integral n, the Kelvin functions have a branch point at x = 0.
Below, is the gamma function and is the digamma function.
ber(x)
For integers n, bern(x) has the series expansion
where is the gamma function. The special case ber0(x), commonly denoted as just ber(x), has the series expansion
and asymptotic series
,
where
bei(x)
For integers n, bein(x) has the series expansion
The special case bei0(x), commonly denoted as just bei(x), has the series expansion
and asymptotic series
where α, , and are defined as for ber(x).
ker(x)
For integers n, kern(x) has the (complicated) series expansion
The special case ker0(x), commonly denoted as just ker(x), has the series expansion
and the asymptotic series
where
kei(x)
For integer n, kein(x) has the series expansion
The special case kei0(x), commonly denoted as ju |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid%20Basil%20Mann | Wilfrid Basil Mann (4 August 1908 – 29 March 2001) was a radionuclide metrologist.
He was born in Ealing, Middlesex in the United Kingdom on 4 August 1908, receiving his Doctorate in Physics from Imperial College of Science and Technology in London in 1937.
He did graduate work during the 1930s in Copenhagen and Berkeley. While at Berkeley he worked with E.O. Lawrence on the cyclotron in the radiation laboratory and was the discoverer of the radioisotope gallium-67, which is still in use in nuclear medicine.
His mentor at Imperial College was George Paget Thomson the British physicist in charge of the Tube Alloys project during the war years (the British nuclear program that was later incorporated into the Manhattan Project).
He had Mann assigned to the British Embassy in Washington DC and to the Chalk River Laboratory in Canada. In 1951, Wilfrid Mann came to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) as the head of the Radioactivity Section. For the next 30 years Wilfrid Mann was the most influential radionuclide metrologist in the world.
During the early 1950s, he had a keen interest in the national standards for radium-226 and undertook microcalorimetric experiments to intercompare the national standards (Hönigschmid standards) of the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany. He retired from NBS in 1980.
Mann was obliged to deny claims that he was a member of the Cambridge Spy Ring in his 1982 memoir Was There A Fifth Man? Mann had been accused on several occasi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Oak%20Energy | Blue Oak Energy is an American full-service photovoltaic system design, engineering and consulting firm. The company engineers commercial and utility solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems in the United States and abroad.
The company engineered and constructed the Google campus in Mountain View, California, the San Francisco International Airport, and the 37MW Long Island Solar Farm, and has designed solar installations for Whole Foods, Staples, Walmart, the US Navy, and the State of California.
History
In 2003, Tobin Booth established Blue Oak Energy in Davis, California.
In 2006, the firm was selected to engineer the campus-wide distributed generation solar facility at the Google headquarters in Mountain View, California.
In 2008, Blue Oak Energy began delivering commercial rooftop solar projects for REI retail stores and warehouse facilities throughout the United States.
In late 2011, the firm partnered with Baker Electric Solar to complete the design and construction oversight for a 1.5MW project for the U.S. Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center in Twentynine Palms, California. Blue Oak Energy designed hardware for the solar panel mounting involved in the project.
In December 2012, Blue Oak Energy constructed Arizona's largest rooftop solar array (4.2MW) at a First Solar facility.
By 2013, the firm engineered and constructed a 4.4MW utility scale solar farm located in Shasta County, California.
In 2014, Blue Oak Energy engineered and constructed the 2.6MW Putah C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Colleges%20Science%20Conference | The Eastern Colleges Science Conference (ECSC) is an annual conference at which undergraduate students present the results of their research. ECSC is an interdisciplinary conference covering the fields of biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics engineering, computer science and behavioral sciences and was first organized in 1947. The conference is attended primarily by students enrolled in colleges located in the northeastern United States.
External links
ECSC Website
References
Science conferences |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felten | Felten is the surname of:
Edward Felten, a professor of computer science and public affairs at Princeton University
Yury Felten, a court architect to Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia
See also
Felton (disambiguation)
Fulton (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Wegscheider | Rudolf Wegscheider (18 October 1859 – 8 January 1935) was an Austrian chemist of Banat Swabian origin.
Wegscheider studied chemistry and was the founder of the Austrian School of Chemistry. He taught at the University of Vienna, and from 1902 to 1931 he was departmental Chair. He was the chairman of the association of Austrian chemists from 1904 to 1929.
R. Wegscheider introduced the principle of detailed balance for chemical kinetics.
Awards
Lieben Prize, 1905
Wilhelm Exner Medal, 1923
References
Austrian chemists
People from Zrenjanin
1859 births
1935 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Banat Swabians
University of Vienna alumni
Scientists from Vienna
20th-century Austrian scientists
Chemists from Austria-Hungary |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Krylov | Anna I. Krylov (Russian: Анна Игоревна Крылова) is the USC Associates Chair in Natural Sciences and Professor of Chemistry at the University of Southern California (USC), working in the field of theoretical and computational quantum chemistry. She is the inventor of the spin-flip method. Krylov is the president of Q-Chem, Inc. and an elected member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and the Academia Europaea.
Life and education
Born in Donetsk, Ukraine (May 6, 1967), Krylov received her M.Sc. (with honors) in Chemistry from Moscow State University in 1990 and her Ph.D. (summa cum laude) from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem working under the supervision of Professor Robert Benny Gerber. Her Ph.D. research at the Fritz Haber Center focused on molecular dynamics in rare gas clusters and matrices.
Career
Upon completing her Ph.D. in 1996, she joined the group of Prof. Martin Head-Gordon at the University of California, Berkeley, as a postdoctoral research associate, where she became involved with electronic structure method development. In 1998, she joined the Department of Chemistry at USC.
Research
Professor Krylov leads the iOpenShell lab, a research group focused on theoretical modeling of open-shell and electronically excited species. She develops robust black-box methods to describe complicated multi-configurational wave functions in single-reference formalisms, such as coupled-cluster and equation-of-motion (or linear response) approaches. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introselect | In computer science, introselect (short for "introspective selection") is a selection algorithm that is a hybrid of quickselect and median of medians which has fast average performance and optimal worst-case performance. Introselect is related to the introsort sorting algorithm: these are analogous refinements of the basic quickselect and quicksort algorithms, in that they both start with the quick algorithm, which has good average performance and low overhead, but fall back to an optimal worst-case algorithm (with higher overhead) if the quick algorithm does not progress rapidly enough. Both algorithms were introduced by David Musser in , with the purpose of providing generic algorithms for the C++ Standard Library that have both fast average performance and optimal worst-case performance, thus allowing the performance requirements to be tightened.
However, in most C++ Standard Library implementations, a different "introselect" algorithm is used, which combines quickselect and heapselect, and has a worst-case running time of O(n log n). The C++ draft standard, as of 2022, does not have requirements on the worst-case performance, therefore allowing such choice.
Algorithms
Introsort achieves practical performance comparable to quicksort while preserving O(n log n) worst-case behavior by creating a hybrid of quicksort and heapsort. Introsort starts with quicksort, so it achieves performance similar to quicksort if quicksort works, and falls back to heapsort (which has optima |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20K.%20Yamamoto | Richard K. Yamamoto (1935–2009) was an elementary particle physicist and professor of physics at MIT focusing primarily on the study of leptons and quarks and their interactions. To this end he was involved with experiments at Brookhaven, Fermilab, and SLAC, including the BaBar Experiment. He was also known for his expertise in building experimental hardware, which he shared with students.
Biographical information and education
Richard K. Yamamoto was born June 29, 1935, in Hawaii, the son of Richard M. Yamamoto, a service station proprietor, and Yatsuko Yamamoto, a waitress. He became a freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1953, earning an A.B. in 1957 and a Ph.D. in 1963, working with advisor Irwin A. Pless.
He was known to enjoy working with his hands. An excellent mechanic and a devotee of fast cars, he rebuilt his own car engines and took driving lessons at NASCAR tracks.
Yamamoto's first wife Lily is a graphic designer. They had three daughters and eight grandchildren. His second wife, Kathleen (Cougan) Barreto (1955-2012) was from Sunnyvale, California, and had a career in Silicon Valley.
Yamamoto died October 16, 2009, of complications related to lung cancer.
Career
Yamamoto spent his entire career at MIT, first as a researcher at the Laboratory for Nuclear Science in 1963, and as an instructor in 1964. In 1965 he became an assistant professor, and in 1972 a full professor. His colleague Edmund Bertschinger said, "His kindness and gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20A.%20Wolff | Peter Adalbert Wolff (November 15, 1923 – September 5, 2013) was an American physicist who is considered a pioneer in semiconductor research. He earned his PhD in physics at UC Berkeley with Robert Serber as thesis advisor in 1951 and began his career at the Bell Telephone Laboratories the following year. Thereafter Wolff joined the physics department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1970, becoming head of the condensed matter and atomic physics division. Together with P. M. Platzman, he coauthored the textbook Waves and Interactions in Solid State Plasmas (1973). In 1976 he moved on to the directorship of the Research Laboratory of Electronics and then of the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory in 1981. Wolff left the director's chair in 1987 and retired from his faculty position in 1989 to become a fellow of the newly created NEC Research Institute at Princeton University. In 1994 he returned to MIT as the leader of the physics/industry forum for the physics department and remained a professor emeritus there until his death.
References
1923 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Scientists at Bell Labs
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Princeton University fellows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar%20Adibi | Akbar Adibi (Persian: Akbar Adībī) (1939–2000) was an Iranian electronic engineer, VLSI researcher, and university engineering professor.
Biography
Akbar Adibi was born on February 12, 1939, in the city of Songhor, in North East of province Kermanshah in Iran. He received his Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering Department from Tehran University in 1965 and he was offered a position as a university instructor at the Tehran Polytechnic (Amirkabir University of Technology). In 1965–66, he worked for the Alstom Power Plant, Tehran, Iran, In 1966–73, he served as an instructor at the Tehran Polytechnic, Tehran, Iran.
Professor Akbar Adibi continued his studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) in 1973, where he achieved two Master of Science degrees, the first degree in Microprocessor-based Computer Systems and the second degree in Solid State and Semiconductor Devices in 1975. He completed his PhD degree, in 1977, and his dissertation title was Schottky Barrier Solar Cells.
Akbar Adibi's academic career started at Tehran Polytechnic University of Technology (which later changed name to Amirkabir University of Technology)Tehran Polytechnic, as an assistant professor and as a senior researcher at the Material and Energy Research Center (MERC) in Tehran.
His notable achievements are: The creation of Iran's first Solar Cell in 1978 , creation of Amirkabir University's Graduate Studies in 1984, supervising Hassan Kaatuzian, who became Iran's fir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage%20group | The phage group (sometimes called the American Phage Group) was an informal network of biologists centered on Max Delbrück that contributed heavily to bacterial genetics and the origins of molecular biology in the mid-20th century. The phage group takes its name from bacteriophages, the bacteria-infecting viruses that the group used as experimental model organisms. In addition to Delbrück, important scientists associated with the phage group include: Salvador Luria, Alfred Hershey, Seymour Benzer, Charles Steinberg, Gunther Stent, James D. Watson, Frank Stahl, and Renato Dulbecco.
Origins of the phage group: people, ideas, experiments and personal relationships
Bacteriophages had been a subject of experimental investigation since Félix d'Herelle had isolated and developed methods for detecting and culturing them, beginning in 1917. Delbrück, a physicist-turned biologist seeking the simplest possible experimental system to probe the fundamental laws of life, first encountered phage during a 1937 visit to T. H. Morgan's fly lab at Caltech. Delbrück was unimpressed with Morgan's experimentally complex model organism Drosophila, but another researcher, Emory Ellis, was working with the more elementary phage. During the next few years, Ellis and Delbrück collaborated on methods of counting phage and tracking growth curves; they established the basic step-wise pattern of virus growth (the most obvious features of the lytic cycle).
Emory Ellis (1906–2003) and Max Delbrück (190 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20and%20molecular%20biology | Cell and molecular biology are related fields of biology that are often combined.
Cell biology
Molecular biology
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (disambiguation)
GRE Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Test
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Molecular Biology of the Cell (textbook)
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Computational%20Chemistry | The Journal of Computational Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1980 by John Wiley & Sons. It covers research, contemporary developments in theory and methodology, and applications in all areas of computational chemistry, including ab initio quantum chemistry methods and semiempirical methods, density functional theory, molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, statistical mechanics, cheminformatics, biomolecular structure prediction, molecular design, and bioinformatics.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.376, ranking it 80th out of 179 journals in the category "Chemistry, Multidisciplinary".
References
External links
Chemistry journals
Academic journals established in 1980
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
English-language journals
Computational chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Lindstrom | Gary Edward Lindstrom (January 8, 1944 - January 10, 2022) was an Emeritus Professor of Computer Science at the University of Utah, having previously taught at the University of Pittsburgh. He retired in July 2007 and died on January 10, 2022.
Lindstrom made numerous contributions to areas of data management, verification, and programming language design, specification and implementation. He served as an IEEE Computer Society Distinguished Visitor. According to his website, Dr. Lindstrom served as the founding editor-in-chief the International Journal of Parallel Programming () from 1986 to 1993. He co-edited, with Doug DeGroot, the book Logic Programming: Functions, Relations and Equations, which was first published by Prentice-Hall in 1986.
Lindstrom was a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University, where he earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in mathematics, and a Ph.D. in computer science under Alan Perlis.
References
1944 births
2022 deaths
American computer scientists
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
University of Utah faculty
People from Syracuse, New York |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BD%2B | BD+ is a component of the Blu-ray Disc digital rights management system. It was developed by Cryptography Research Inc. and is based on their Self-Protecting Digital Content concept. Its intent was to prevent unauthorized copies of Blu-ray discs and the playback of Blu-ray media using unauthorized devices.
While BD+ has not stemmed the flow of "cracked" high-definition content, it has made it necessary for those who wish to copy Blu-ray movies to reinvest resources to break each new version of security code.
BD+ played a pivotal role in the format war of Blu-ray and HD DVD. Several studios cited Blu-ray Disc's adoption of the BD+ anti-copying system as the reason they supported Blu-ray Disc over HD DVD. The copy protection scheme was to take "10 years" to crack, according to Richard Doherty, an analyst with Envisioneering Group.
On 19 November 2007, Macrovision announced that it planned to acquire the SPDC technology (including patents and software code) from CRI for US$45 million in cash plus stock warrants.
On 7 July 2011, Irdeto acquired BD+ content protection technology for Blu-ray discs from Rovi Corporation.
Capabilities
BD+ is effectively a virtual machine embedded in authorized players. It allows content providers to include executable programs on Blu-ray Discs. Such programs can:
examine the host environment, to see if the player has been tampered with. Every licensed playback device manufacturer must provide the BD+ licensing authority with memory footprints |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison%20Watt%20%28writer%29 | Alison Watt (born 1957) is a Canadian writer, and painter born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Watt grew up in Victoria, British Columbia. She studied biology (BSC) at Simon Fraser University and Creative Writing (MFA) at the University of British Columbia. She has worked as Education Coordinator at the VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver, a tour leader in Central and South America, and a naturalist aboard the west coast schooner Maple Leaf, sailing among British Columbia's Gulf Islands, Haida Gwaii, the Great Bear Rainforest, and Alaska.
She has taught art to adults since 1995, in her studio on Protection Island, Nanaimo, BC, in other venues. Since 2020 she has offered courses online, through her business ARTWORK ARTPLAY.
Career
Watt's book The Last Island: A Naturalist's Sojourn on Triangle Island is a memoir about life and death on a remote seabird colony. The book won the Edna Staebler Award in 2003. She is also an award-winning poet. Her first book of poetry, Circadia, was published in 2006 by Toronto's Pedlar Press. In this collection, scenes of ordinary life unfold in a backdrop of light cycles, tides, and weather, and attempt to capture the lyricism of the processes of nature. Some are set in an Amazon Research station and explore taxonomy and diversity. In others, she moves past nature as a backdrop to delve more deeply into its inner, often invisible workings, such as photosynthesis and pollination, to release them from the language of science.
Her novel, "Dazzle Patter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex%20de%20Haan | Lex de Haan (11 August 1954 – 1 February 2006) was an independent author, lecturer, researcher, and consultant, specializing in relational database technology.
Biography
Lex was a teacher of Mathematics/Informatics in secondary school level during the years between 1976 and 1985.
Between 1985 and 1989 Lex was employed for one year in the research department of a Dutch independent system vendor - Minihouse/Multihouse - and then moved to the education department, where he developed and delivered courses in the following areas: relational databases and SQL, Oracle system development, and database administration (Oracle versions 4/5/6), Unix for system users and Unix system administration, VAX/VMS for system users and VAX/VMS system administration, and teaching skills workshops. Lex de Haan was also responsible for hiring and mentoring new instructors.
Between 1988 and 1990 Lex developed his own courseware as an independent contractor in "De Haan Consultancy", advised organizations about education needs, and delivered classes. Some important customers: the Dutch Ministry of Health and Culture, and the Dutch Government Education Institute (ROI). He also worked on a regular basis with Frans Remmen (a Dutch RDBMS and SQL guru at that time) as a senior consultant, courseware developer, and instructor for PAO courses (a well-known Dutch post-academic education organization).
In 1999 Lex de Haan joined the Dutch national body of the ISO standardization committee for the SQL Langu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Caribbean%20Gas%20Pipeline | The Eastern Caribbean Gas Pipeline is a proposed natural gas pipeline from Tobago to other eastern Caribbean islands.
History
The idea had its genesis with Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, who announced in 2002 that his country was going to undertake one of the largest civil engineering projects in the Caribbean region.
The project suffered a brief setback when Venezuelan leader Hugo Chavez petitioned intensely that the pipeline should instead originate from Venezuela and reach further into the north, including Cuba and the United States.
In March 2010 the Barbados indicated after a two-year hiatus that it would seek to move toward the negotiations stage for the first stage of the pipeline from Tobago to Barbados.
Network
The overall pipeline would be long, including shore approaches and the lateral line to Barbados. The first long stage would start from the Cove Point Estate in Tobago and run to Barbados. The second stage it would be expanded to Saint Lucia, Dominica, Martinique, and Guadeloupe.
Project company
The project is developed by the Eastern Caribbean Gas Pipeline Company Limited (ECGPC). 60% of the company is jointly owned by
the United States companies Beowulf Energy LLC and First Reserve Energy International Fund. Rest is owned by the Trinidad and Tobago companies Guardian Holdings (15%), Unit Trust Corporation (15%), and the National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago (10%).
See also
Puerto Rico – Virgin Islands pipeline
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Hermann%20Troschel | Franz Hermann Troschel (10 October 1810 – 6 November 1882) was a German zoologist born in Spandau.
He studied mathematics and natural history at the University of Berlin, where he was awarded his doctorate in 1834. From 1840 to 1849 he was an assistant to Martin Lichtenstein at the Natural History Museum of Berlin. In 1849 he became a professor of zoology and natural history at the University of Bonn. In 1851 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
Troschel is remembered for the identification and classification of species in the fields of malacology, ichthyology and herpetology.
Taxon named in his honor
A few of the species that contain his name are
Troschel's sea star (Evasterias troschelii),
Troschel's murex (Murex troschelii), and a
freshwater snail (Bithynia troschelii).
Chlorurus troschelii, commonly known as Troschel's parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae. It is native to the eastern Indian Ocean, where it lives in coral reefs.
Bibliography
(incomplete)
1842 (With Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858)).
Über die Bedeutsamkeit des naturgeschichtlichen Unterrichts. Berlin 1845.
Horae ichthyologicae. Berlin 1845–49, 3 volumes (With Johannes Peter Müller).
Handbuch der Zoologie, third to seventh edition, Berlin 1848/1853/1859/1864/1871, (original authors Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann (1802–1841) and Johann Friedrich Ruthe (1788–1859)). Digital 6th edition by the University and State Librar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred%20K.%20Warmuth | Manfred Klaus Warmuth is a computer scientist known for his pioneering research in computational learning theory. He is a Distinguished Professor emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Education and career
After studying computer science at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, earning a diploma in 1978, Warmuth went to the University of Colorado Boulder for graduate study, earning a master's degree there in 1980 and completing his Ph.D. in 1981. His doctoral dissertation, Scheduling on Profiles of Constant Breadth, was supervised by Harold N. Gabow.
After postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Warmuth joined the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1983, became Distinguished Professor there in 2017, and retired as a professor emeritus in 2018. He was a visiting faculty member at Google Brain from 2019 to 2020.
Contributions
With his student Nick Littlestone, Warmuth published the weighted majority algorithm for combining the results for multiple predictors in 1989.
Warmuth was also the coauthor of an influential 1989 paper in the Journal of the ACM, with Anselm Blumer, Andrzej Ehrenfeucht, David Haussler, introducing the Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension to computational learning theory. With the same authors, he also introduced Occam learning in 1987.
Recognition
In 2021, Warmuth became a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
Selected publications
References
External |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9a%27s%20lemma | Céa's lemma is a lemma in mathematics. Introduced by Jean Céa in his Ph.D. dissertation, it is an important tool for proving error estimates for the finite element method applied to elliptic partial differential equations.
Lemma statement
Let be a real Hilbert space with the norm Let be a bilinear form with the properties
for some constant and all in (continuity)
for some constant and all in (coercivity or -ellipticity).
Let be a bounded linear operator. Consider the problem of finding an element in such that
for all in
Consider the same problem on a finite-dimensional subspace of so, in satisfies
for all in
By the Lax–Milgram theorem, each of these problems has exactly one solution. Céa's lemma states that
for all in
That is to say, the subspace solution is "the best" approximation of in up to the constant
The proof is straightforward
for all in
We used the -orthogonality of and
which follows directly from
for all in .
Note: Céa's lemma holds on complex Hilbert spaces also, one then uses a sesquilinear form instead of a bilinear one. The coercivity assumption then becomes for all in (notice the absolute value sign around ).
Error estimate in the energy norm
In many applications, the bilinear form is symmetric, so
for all in
This, together with the above properties of this form, implies that is an inner product on The resulting norm
is called the energy norm, since it corresponds to a physi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casson%20%28disambiguation%29 | Casson is a Native American tribe in central eastern California. Casson may also refer to
Casson, Loire-Atlantique, a commune in western France
Irving and Casson, a firm of interior designers and furniture makers based in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Casson (name)
Casson handle in mathematics
Casson invariant in mathematics
A. J. Casson Award given to an artist
Diphwys Casson Quarry in Wales |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Buchdahl | Kate Buchdahl (30 September 1964 – 10 December 1992) was a classically trained Australian violinist.
Catriona Alexis Buchdahl grew up in Canberra. Her father was Emeritus Professor Hans Buchdahl, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Australian National University, Her siblings were Tanya Buchdahl, who married the conductor Georg Tintner, and Dr Nicholas Buchdahl, Associate Professor of Pure Mathematics at University of Adelaide.
She attended the AME School upon its inception in 1972. She later graduated from the Canberra School of Music (now the ANU School of Music) and went on to attend the Juilliard School in New York 1983–87. She then studied with Sándor Végh at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, and with Valeri Klimov in Saarbrücken. Kate toured internationally as a member of the Camerata Accademica, conducted by Sándor Végh.
She died from Hodgkin's lymphoma on 10 December 1992.
The Australian National University now awards a scholarship, The Kate Buchdahl Memorial Prize, to promising musicians completing their studies at the ANU School of Music.
References
External links
A photo of Kate Buchdahl, at age 12, can be found at .
1964 births
1992 deaths
Australian classical violinists
Australian women violinists
Mozarteum University Salzburg alumni
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century Australian musicians
Women classical violinists
20th-century women musicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriad%20year%20clock | The , was a universal clock designed by the Japanese inventor Hisashige Tanaka in 1851. It belongs to the category of Japanese clocks called Wadokei. This clock is designated as an Important Cultural Property and a Mechanical Engineering Heritage by the Japanese government.
The clock is driven by a spring. Once it is fully wound, it can work for one year without another winding. It can show the time in 7 ways (such as usual time, the day of the week, month, moon phase, Japanese time, Solar term). Since the time system in Japan at that time was temporal hour, a day was 12 hours, and a day was divided into day and night, and each divided into 6 equal parts was regarded as 1 hour. Because the length of the day and night changes according to the season, the time dial was automatically movable, and it was linked with the other six clocks, making it an extremely complicated mechanism. It also rings chimes every hour. It consists of more than 1,000 parts to realize these complex functions, and it is said that Tanaka made all the parts by himself with simple tools such as files and saws. It took more than three years for him to finish the assembly.
In 2004 the Japanese government funded a project aimed at making a copy of this clock. More than 100 engineers joined the project and it took more than 6 months with the latest industrial technologies. However, even then it was not possible to make exact copies of some parts, such as the brass metal plate used as its spring, before the p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiudong%20Wang | Qiudong Wang is a professor at the Department of Mathematics, the University of Arizona. In 1982 he received a B.S. at Nanjing University and in 1994 a Ph.D. at the University of Cincinnati.
Wang is best known for his 1991 paper The global solution of the n-body problem, in which he generalised Karl F. Sundman's results from 1912 to a system of more than three bodies. However, L. K. Babadzanjanz claims to have made the same generalization earlier, in 1979.
References
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Nanjing University alumni
University of Cincinnati alumni
University of Arizona faculty
American astronomers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q.%20Wang | Q. Wang may refer to:
Qiudong Wang, professor of mathematics
Q. Wang (artist) (born 1962), Chinese-American primitivist painter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langlands%20decomposition | In mathematics, the Langlands decomposition writes a parabolic subgroup P of a semisimple Lie group as a product of a reductive subgroup M, an abelian subgroup A, and a nilpotent subgroup N.
Applications
A key application is in parabolic induction, which leads to the Langlands program: if is a reductive algebraic group and is the Langlands decomposition of a parabolic subgroup P, then parabolic induction consists of taking a representation of , extending it to by letting act trivially, and inducing the result from to .
See also
Lie group decompositions
References
Sources
A. W. Knapp, Structure theory of semisimple Lie groups. .
Lie groups
Algebraic groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20energy%20perturbation | Free energy perturbation (FEP) is a method based on statistical mechanics that is used in computational chemistry for computing free energy differences from molecular dynamics or Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations.
The FEP method was introduced by Robert W. Zwanzig in 1954. According to the free-energy perturbation method, the free energy difference for going from state A to state B is obtained from the following equation, known as the Zwanzig equation:
where T is the temperature, kB is Boltzmann's constant, and the angular brackets denote an average over a simulation run for state A. In practice, one
runs a normal simulation for state A, but each time a
new configuration is accepted, the energy for state B is also computed. The difference
between states A and B may be in the atom types involved, in which case the ΔF
obtained is for "mutating" one molecule onto another, or it may be a difference of
geometry, in which case one obtains a free energy map along one or more reaction coordinates.
This free energy map is also known as a potential of mean force or PMF.
Free energy perturbation calculations only converge properly when the difference
between the two states is small enough; therefore it is usually necessary to divide a
perturbation into a series of smaller "windows", which are computed independently.
Since there is no need for constant communication between the simulation for one
window and the next, the process can be trivially parallelized by running each window o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitesimal%20character | In mathematics, the infinitesimal character of an irreducible representation ρ of a semisimple Lie group G on a vector space V is, roughly speaking, a mapping to scalars that encodes the process of first differentiating and then diagonalizing the representation. It therefore is a way of extracting something essential from the representation ρ by two successive linearizations.
Formulation
The infinitesimal character is the linear form on the center Z of the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra of G that the representation induces. This construction relies on some extended version of Schur's lemma to show that any z in Z acts on V as a scalar, which by abuse of notation could be written ρ(z).
In more classical language, z is a differential operator, constructed from the infinitesimal transformations which are induced on V by the Lie algebra of G. The effect of Schur's lemma is to force all v in V to be simultaneous eigenvectors of z acting on V. Calling the corresponding eigenvalue
λ = λ(z),
the infinitesimal character is by definition the mapping
z → λ(z).
There is scope for further formulation. By the Harish-Chandra isomorphism, the center Z can be identified with the subalgebra of elements of the symmetric algebra of the Cartan subalgebra a that are invariant under the Weyl group, so an infinitesimal character can be identified with an element of
a*⊗ C/W,
the orbits under the Weyl group W of the space a*⊗ C of complex linear functions on the Cartan subal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chance%20and%20Necessity | Chance and Necessity: Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology (French: Le Hasard et la Nécessité: Essai sur la philosophie naturelle de la biologie moderne) is a 1970 book by Nobel Prize winner Jacques Monod, interpreting the processes of evolution to show that life is only the result of natural processes by "pure chance". The basic tenet of this book is that systems in nature with molecular biology, such as enzymatic biofeedback loops, can be explained without having to invoke final causality.
Teleonomic
In this book, Monod adopted the term teleonomic to permit recognition of purpose in biology without appealing to a final cause.
Inspiration
According to the introduction the book's title was inspired by a line attributed to Democritus, "Everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity."
Awards
The first U.S. edition (New York: Vintage, 1971), translated by Austryn Wainhouse, won the National Book Award in category Translation.
Summary
Monod starts the preface of the book by saying that biology is both marginal and central. He goes on to explain that it is marginal because the living world is only a fraction of the universe. Monod believes the ultimate aim of science is to "clarify man's relationship to the universe" (Monod, xi), and from that reasoning he accords biology a central role. He goes on to state that he does not intend to make a thorough survey of modern biology but rather to "bring out the form of its key concepts and to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah%20Harlan | Noah Harlan is an independent film producer and Founder of Two Bulls. He produced six feature films, three with director Raphael Nadjari. Noah received an Emmy Award in "Advanced Media Interactivity" in 2008.
Harlan grew up in Cranbury, New Jersey. graduated from Williams College in 1997 with a degree in Computer Science. He also studied at Trinity College (University of Melbourne) and the British American Drama Academy.
He lives in Manhattan with his wife, author Micol Ostow.
References
External links
Living people
Film producers from New Jersey
Alumni of the British American Drama Academy
People from Cranbury, New Jersey
Williams College alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errol%20Harris | Errol Eustace Harris (19 February 1908 – 21 June 2009), sometimes cited as E. E. Harris, was a South African philosopher. His work focused on developing a systematic and coherent account of the logic, metaphysics, and epistemology implicit in contemporary understanding of the world. Harris held that, in conjunction with empirical science, the Western philosophical tradition, in its commitment to the ideal of reason, contains the resources necessary to accomplish this end. He celebrated his 100th birthday in 2008.
Life
Errol E. Harris was born on 19 February 1908 in Kimberley, South Africa, to parents who had emigrated from Leeds, England. His father, Samuel Jack Harris, had been one of the defenders of Kimberley when he was besieged there (together with Cecil Rhodes) during the Boer War. Errol studied philosophy at Rhodes University in South Africa, where he was a student of A.R. Lord and where he obtained his B.A. and M.A., and at the University of Oxford, where he obtained a B.Litt. degree with a thesis on Samuel Alexander and Alfred North Whitehead.
He served as an education officer for the British Colonial Service, and during World War II was Chief Instructor of the Middle East Military Education College at Mt. Carmel, Palestine, with the rank of Major in the Education Corps of the British Army. He was succeeded as Chief Instructor by Huw Wheldon, later Managing Director of the BBC; another Instructor was Capt. Michael Stewart, later Foreign Secretary in Harold Wilson |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara%20State%20University | Samara State University () was a classical multi-faculty university and a leading educational institution of higher education in Samara Oblast, Russia. It consists of faculties of Mathematics and Mechanics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Philology, History, Sociology, Economy and Management, Psychology, and Law. It is considered to be the most prestigious graduate school in Samara and the area, especially with its highly competitive and demanding programmes in the English Language, Law, Sociology, Political Science, International Relations, and Psychology. SSU is also noted for its postgraduate research in the Sciences and the Humanities.
SSU had its own newspaper, a regularly printed academic journal, as well as journals for students publications. SSU is a centre of teaching and research in Samara Region with a strong reputation nationally and globally. SSU is one of the few Russian universities that issues the European Diploma Supplement to the State Diploma of Higher Education, which confirms educational standards according to international standards (ECTS). In 2015 it was merged with other institutions to form the Samara National Research University. The English language is taught here by high-qualified lecturers.
In 2014 Samara State University celebrated the 95th anniversary since its foundation and the 45th anniversary since its revival. It is a large scientific, educational and cultural centre of the Volga region with a constantly developing infrastructure. The univer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Mumford | Stephen Dean Mumford (born 31 July 1965) is a British philosopher, who is currently Head of Department and Professor of Metaphysics in the Department of Philosophy at Durham University. Mumford is best known for his work in metaphysics on dispositions and laws, but has also made contributions in the philosophy of sport.
Biography
Mumford was born in Wakefield, West Yorkshire. Mumford went on to read Philosophy and History of Ideas with Politics at Huddersfield Polytechnic (now University of Huddersfield) as his first degree. After Huddersfield, Mumford went on to the University of Leeds to take an MA in Philosophy of Mind. At Leeds, Mumford met Robin Le Poidevin who was to become his PhD supervisor. Mumford was awarded a PhD in 1994, for his thesis Dispositions and Reductionism, and was awarded a two-year lectureship at Leeds. Mumford left Leeds in 1995 for the University of Nottingham, where he worked until 2016. At Nottingham, Mumford served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts (2011–15), Head of the School of Humanities (2009–11), and Head of the Department of Philosophy (2004–7).
Mumford is the sole-author of four books: Dispositions (1998), Laws in Nature (2004), David Armstrong (2007), and Watching Sport: Aesthetics, Ethics and Emotions (2011). Mumford has also edited two books: Russell on Metaphysics (2003) and George Molnar's Powers: A Study in Metaphysics (2003). Most recently, Mumford co-authored, with Rani Lill Anjum, Getting Causes from Powers (2011).
Dispositions an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proviso%20Mathematics%20and%20Science%20Academy | Proviso Mathematics and Science Academy is a selective enrollment high school in Forest Park, Illinois, United States that opened its doors to 126 freshmen in 2005. It is one of the newest schools in the Proviso Township High Schools District 209. It serves students in many towns in western Cook County including Forest Park, Berkeley, Broadview, Maywood, Melrose Park, Stone Park, Hillside, Bellwood, and Westchester among others. In May 2023, the school was named within the top ten Illinois High Schools, placing 6th in U.S. News & World Report.
Academics and admissions
The academy accepts students through an admissions program including standardized tests, grades, teacher recommendations, and an essay. Proviso's curriculum is informed by that of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. The curriculum focuses on science, math, technology, arts, and foreign languages. They also teach Physics First, which introduces freshmen to physics before studying chemistry and biology.
The school mascot is Monty the Python; school colors are purple and black. As there are no sports facilities at the Academy, students play sports including baseball, basketball, football, track and field, softball, volleyball at either Proviso East or Proviso West. Proviso's extra curricular activities include: Anime Club, Book Club, Comedy Improv, Chorus, Debate, Newspaper, Theater, Robotics, Student Council and Yearbook.
Much of the 5th floor at the campus houses District 209 administration offices |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20central%20science | Chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in connecting the physical sciences, which include chemistry, with the life sciences, pharmaceutical sciences and applied sciences such as medicine and engineering. The nature of this relationship is one of the main topics in the philosophy of chemistry and in scientometrics. The phrase was popularized by its use in a textbook by Theodore L. Brown and H. Eugene LeMay, titled Chemistry: The Central Science, which was first published in 1977, with a fifteenth edition published in 2021.
The central role of chemistry can be seen in the systematic and hierarchical classification of the sciences by Auguste Comte. Each discipline provides a more general framework for the area it precedes (mathematics → astronomy → physics → chemistry → biology → social sciences). Balaban and Klein have more recently proposed a diagram showing the partial ordering of sciences in which chemistry may be argued is "the central science" since it provides a significant degree of branching. In forming these connections the lower field cannot be fully reduced to the higher ones. It is recognized that the lower fields possess emergent ideas and concepts that do not exist in the higher fields of science.
Thus chemistry is built on an understanding of laws of physics that govern particles such as atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, thermodynamics, etc. although it has been shown that it has not been "fully 'reduced' to quantum mechanics". |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integro-differential%20equation | In mathematics, an integro-differential equation is an equation that involves both integrals and derivatives of a function.
General first order linear equations
The general first-order, linear (only with respect to the term involving derivative) integro-differential equation is of the form
As is typical with differential equations, obtaining a closed-form solution can often be difficult. In the relatively few cases where a solution can be found, it is often by some kind of integral transform, where the problem is first transformed into an algebraic setting. In such situations, the solution of the problem may be derived by applying the inverse transform to the solution of this algebraic equation.
Example
Consider the following second-order problem,
where
is the Heaviside step function. The Laplace transform is defined by,
Upon taking term-by-term Laplace transforms, and utilising the rules for derivatives and integrals, the integro-differential equation is converted into the following algebraic equation,
Thus,
.
Inverting the Laplace transform using contour integral methods then gives
.
Alternatively, one can complete the square and use a table of Laplace transforms ("exponentially decaying sine wave") or recall from memory to proceed:
.
Applications
Integro-differential equations model many situations from science and engineering, such as in circuit analysis. By Kirchhoff's second law, the net voltage drop across a closed loop equals the voltage impress |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cber%20quantentheoretische%20Umdeutung%20kinematischer%20und%20mechanischer%20Beziehungen | ("Quantum theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations") was a breakthrough article in quantum mechanics written by Werner Heisenberg, which appeared in Zeitschrift für Physik in September 1925.
Heisenberg worked on the article while recovering from hay fever on the island of Heligoland, corresponding with Wolfgang Pauli on the subject. When asked for his opinion of the manuscript, Pauli responded favorably, but Heisenberg said that he was still "very uncertain about it". In July 1925, he sent the manuscript to Max Born to review and decide whether to submit it for publication.
In the article, Heisenberg tried to explain the energy levels of a one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator, avoiding the concrete but unobservable representations of electron orbits by using observable parameters such as transition probabilities for quantum jumps, which necessitated using two indexes corresponding to the initial and final states.
Also included was the Heisenberg commutator, his law of multiplication needed to describe certain properties of atoms, whereby the product of two physical quantities did not commute. Therefore, PQ would differ from QP where, for example, P was an electron's momentum, and Q its position. Paul Dirac, who had received a proof copy in August 1925, realized that the commutative law had not been fully developed, and he produced an algebraic formulation to express the same results in more logical form.
Historical context
The article laid t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static%20light%20scattering | Static light scattering is a technique in physical chemistry that measures the intensity of the scattered light to obtain the average molecular weight Mw of a macromolecule like a polymer or a protein in solution. Measurement of the scattering intensity at many angles allows calculation of the root mean square radius, also called the radius of gyration Rg. By measuring the scattering intensity for many samples of various concentrations, the second virial coefficient, A2, can be calculated.
Static light scattering is also commonly utilized to determine the size of particle suspensions in the sub-μm and supra-μm ranges, via the Lorenz-Mie (see Mie scattering) and Fraunhofer diffraction formalisms, respectively.
For static light scattering experiments, a high-intensity monochromatic light, usually a laser, is launched into a solution containing the macromolecules. One or many detectors are used to measure the scattering intensity at one or many angles. The angular dependence is required to obtain accurate measurements of both molar mass and size for all macromolecules of radius above 1–2% of the incident wavelength. Hence simultaneous measurements at several angles relative to the direction of the incident light, known as multi-angle light scattering (MALS) or multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS), are generally regarded as the standard implementation of static light scattering. Additional details on the history and theory of MALS may be found in multi-angle light scatter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svend%20Lomholt | Svend Lomholt (18 October 1888 - 17 July 1949) was a Danish veterinarian and dermatologist.
He published a number of journals of his works, in 1924, he published a report at The University Institute for Theoretical Physics and Pathological Institute, Municipal Hospital, in Copenhagen about the metal composition in rodents and other creatures.
Family
He was married to Marie Kirstine Siegumfeldt until her death in 1920.
His daughter Kirsten Auken (1913-1968) was a Danish politician as are his grandchildren Margrete Auken and Svend Auken
External links
Biochem. J. (1924) 18, 693-0 - Lomholt Svend - Investigations into the Circulation of Some Heavy Metals in the Organism (Mercury, Bismuth and Lead). at www.biochemj.org
.
Danish veterinarians
Danish dermatologists
Danish scientists
1888 births
1949 deaths |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism-closed%20subcategory | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a subcategory of a category is said to be isomorphism closed or replete if every -isomorphism with belongs to This implies that both and belong to as well.
A subcategory that is isomorphism closed and full is called strictly full. In the case of full subcategories it is sufficient to check that every -object that is isomorphic to an -object is also an -object.
This condition is very natural. For example, in the category of topological spaces one usually studies properties that are invariant under homeomorphisms—so-called topological properties. Every topological property corresponds to a strictly full subcategory of
References
Category theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luggin%20capillary | A Luggin capillary (also Luggin probe, Luggin tip, or Luggin-Haber capillary) is a small tube that is used in electrochemistry. The capillary defines a clear sensing point for the reference electrode near the working electrode. This is in contrast to the poorly defined, large reference electrode.
References
External links
Advanced Electrochemistry. Slide 15: Luggin capillary for reference electrode.
Electrodes
Electrochemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20Chemistry | A Master of Chemistry (or MChem) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of Chemistry.
United Kingdom
In the UK, the M.Chem degree is an undergraduate award, available after pursuing a four- or five-year course of study at a university. It is classed as a level 7 qualification in the National Qualifications Framework.
In England the M.Chem degree is a 4-year course, whereas in Scotland the M.Chem degree is a 5-year course.
Structure
In terms of course structure, M.Chem degrees have the same content that is usually seen in other degree programmes, i.e. lectures, laboratory work, coursework and exams each year. There are also usually one or more substantial projects undertaken in the fourth year, which may well have research elements. At the end of the second or third years, there is usually a threshold of academic performance in examinations to be reached to allow progression into the final year. Final results are awarded on the standard British undergraduate degree classification scale.
Chemistry
Chemistry education |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Harris | Stephen Harris may refer to:
Stephen Harris (painter) (1913–1980), British painter
Stephen Harris (producer) (born 1968), British record producer
Stephen Harris, musician, also known as Kid Chaos and Haggis
Stephen E. Harris (born 1936), American professor of applied physics
Stephen L. Harris (1937–2019), American professor of religious studies
Stephen Randall Harris (1802–1879), mayor of San Francisco, California
Stephen Ross Harris (1824–1905), U.S. Representative from Ohio
Stephen Harris (umpire) (born 1980), South African cricket umpire
See also
Steven Harris (disambiguation)
Steve Harris (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation%20theory%20of%20SL2%28R%29 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Representation theory of SL2(R)}}
In mathematics, the main results concerning irreducible unitary representations of the Lie group SL(2,R) are due to Gelfand and Naimark (1946), V. Bargmann (1947), and Harish-Chandra (1952).
Structure of the complexified Lie algebra
We choose a basis H, X, Y for the complexification of the Lie algebra of SL(2,R) so that iH generates the Lie algebra of a compact Cartan subgroup K (so in particular unitary representations split as a sum of eigenspaces of H), and {H,X,Y} is an sl2-triple, which means that they satisfy the relations
One way of doing this is as follows:
corresponding to the subgroup K of matrices
The Casimir operator Ω is defined to be
It generates the center of the universal enveloping algebra of the complexified Lie algebra of SL(2,R). The Casimir element acts on any irreducible representation as multiplication by some complex scalar μ2. Thus in the case of the Lie algebra sl2, the infinitesimal character of an irreducible representation is specified by one complex number.
The center Z of the group SL(2,R) is a cyclic group {I,-I} of order 2, consisting of the identity matrix and its negative. On any irreducible representation, the center either acts trivially, or by the nontrivial character of Z, which represents the matrix -I by multiplication by -1 in the representation space. Correspondingly, one speaks of the trivial or nontrivial central character.
The central character and the infinitesimal ch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SL2%28R%29 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:SL2(R)}}
In mathematics, the special linear group SL(2, R) or SL2(R) is the group of 2 × 2 real matrices with determinant one:
It is a connected non-compact simple real Lie group of dimension 3 with applications in geometry, topology, representation theory, and physics.
SL(2, R) acts on the complex upper half-plane by fractional linear transformations. The group action factors through the quotient PSL(2, R) (the 2 × 2 projective special linear group over R). More specifically,
PSL(2, R) = SL(2, R) / {±I},
where I denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix. It contains the modular group PSL(2, Z).
Also closely related is the 2-fold covering group, Mp(2, R), a metaplectic group (thinking of SL(2, R) as a symplectic group).
Another related group is SL±(2, R), the group of real 2 × 2 matrices with determinant ±1; this is more commonly used in the context of the modular group, however.
Descriptions
SL(2, R) is the group of all linear transformations of R2 that preserve oriented area. It is isomorphic to the symplectic group Sp(2, R) and the special unitary group SU(1, 1). It is also isomorphic to the group of unit-length coquaternions. The group SL±(2, R) preserves unoriented area: it may reverse orientation.
The quotient PSL(2, R) has several interesting descriptions, up to Lie group isomorphism:
It is the group of orientation-preserving projective transformations of the real projective line
It is the group of conformal automorphisms of the unit disc.
It is t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20M.%20Pitzer | Russell Mosher Pitzer (born May 10, 1938) is an American theoretical chemist and educator.
He was born in Berkeley, California and attended public schools in this and the Washington, D.C. area. He received his B.S. in chemistry in 1959 from the California Institute of Technology, his A.M. in physics from Harvard University in 1963, and his Ph.D. in chemical physics from Harvard University in 1963.
At Harvard, Pitzer worked with William N. Lipscomb, Jr. in cooperation with the research group of John C. Slater at M.I.T. to develop computer programs to use Slater orbitals to produce self-consistent field (SCF) molecular orbitals.
The ethane barrier (see diagram at right) was first calculated accurately by Pitzer and Lipscomb using Hartree Fock Self-Consistent Field (SCF) theory. Ethane gives a classic, simple example of such a rotational barrier, the minimum energy to produce a 360-degree bond rotation of a molecular substructure. The three hydrogens at each end are free to pinwheel about the central carbon-carbon bond, provided that there is sufficient energy to overcome the barrier of the carbon-hydrogen bonds at each end of the molecule bumping into each other by way of overlap (exchange) repulsion.
Also at Harvard, Pitzer also helped formulate the perturbed Hartree–Fock equations in a form for calculating the effects of external electric and magnetic fields on molecules.
He was a postdoctoral fellow at M.I.T. and a faculty member at Caltech before joining the Chemist |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoplates | The term "mesoplates" has been applied in two different contexts within geology and geophysics. The first is applicable to much of the Earth's mantle, and the second to distinct layering within the Earth's crust.
Mantle
Rheological model
In 1977 researchers M. Kumazawa and Y. Fukao introduced the term "mesoplate" in the context of what they termed a "Dual Plate Tectonic Model." Their rationale is a postulated low-velocity zone near and above the 650 km discontinuity with additional properties including local low melting temperature, active chemical migration and fractionation, and low-viscosity. They further write,
"These features lead to a concept of dual plate tectonics models. The layer between the 200- and 550-km depths is sandwiched between two relatively soft layers (upper and lower LVZs) and is expected to behave as a rigid plate (mesoplate)."
Kinematic model
From a kinematic perspective, the concept of "mesoplates" was applied as a heuristic for characterizing the motion of lithospheric plates relative to the sublithospheric source region of hotspot volcanism (Pilger, 2003), or more simply: kinematically rigid layers within the mesosphere, beneath one or more plates. W. Jason Morgan (1972), originally suggested that hotspots (inferred by J. Tuzo Wilson) beneath such active volcanic regions as Hawaii and Iceland form a fixed "absolute" frame of reference for the motion of the overlying plates. However, the existence of a globally fixed reference frame for island |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20C.%20Smith | Jeremy Christopher Smith is a British-born computational molecular biophysicist.
Early life and education
Smith was educated at Earlham High School, the City of Norwich School (at which his doctoral advisor, Stephen A. Cusack, was also a pupil) and Leeds University then obtained his Ph.D. in Biophysics from the University of London.
Smith has a daughter, Serena, who was born in 1994.
Career
After his doctoral work, Smith worked as a post-doctoral associate and lecturer at Harvard University in the group of Martin Karplus.
Smith has since built up research groups in three different countries. His first group was in Biomolecular Simulation at the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) at Saclay, France (1989–1998). He then became the first chaired professor in computational biology in Germany, when appointed at the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing of the University of Heidelberg, Germany in 1998.
In October 2006 Smith became the first Governor's Chair at the University of Tennessee and also Director of the UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
His move to Tennessee arose from the presence at ORNL of world-class supercomputing capabilities, and the Spallation Neutron Source, as the combination of neutron scattering with computer simulation has been a sustained interest of his.
In 2008, Smith was appointed Honorarprofessor (i.e., honorary professor) at the University of Heidelberg.
Smith has performed and directed r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram%20Steele | Bertram Dillon Steele FRS (30 May 1870 – 12 April 1934) was an Australian scientist, foundation professor of chemistry at the University of Queensland .
Early life
Steele was born in Plymouth, England, the son of Samuel Madden Steele, a surgeon, and his wife Hariette Sarah, née Acock. Steele was educated at the Plymouth Grammar School; he then began an apprenticeship with his father. Steele migrated to Australia in 1889, where he qualified as a pharmaceutical chemist at the Victorian College of Pharmacy where he won a gold medal in 1890. He then practised as a pharmacist.
Scientific career
Steele enrolled in medicine before transferring to the science course at the University of Melbourne in 1896, being then nearly 26 years of age, and did such distinguished work that when still only a second year student he was appointed tutorial lecturer in chemistry at the three affiliated colleges, Trinity, Ormond and Queen's. Steele graduated BSc in 1898 with first-class honours in chemistry, having during his course won exhibitions in chemistry, natural philosophy and biology, and the Wyselaskie and university scholarships in chemistry. In 1899 Steele was appointed acting-professor of chemistry at the University of Adelaide, married Amy Woodhead of Melbourne, and at the end of that year went to Europe with an 1851 scholarship.
Steele worked with Professor J. Norman Collie at London and did research work under Professor Abegg at Breslau, Germany. Returning to London he did research w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspera%20European%20Astroparticle%20network | ASPERA (or AStroParticle European Research Area) is a network of national government agencies responsible for coordinating and funding national research efforts in astroparticle physics.
Members
ASPERA comprises the following agencies: FNRS (Belgium), FWO (Belgium), MEYS (Czech Republic), CEA (France), CNRS (France), BMBF (Germany), PTDESY (Germany), DEMOKRITOS (Greece), INFN (Italy), FOM (Netherlands), FCT (Portugal), FECYT (Spain), MEC (Spain), SNF (Switzerland), VR (Sweden), STFC (United Kingdom) and the European organization CERN.
History
ASPERA started in July 2006 and is funded by the European Commission over a three-year period.
ASPERA has come about through the existence of ApPEC (Astroparticle Physics European Coordination/Consortium) which was founded in 2001 when six European scientific agencies took the initiative to coordinate and encourage Astroparticle Physics in Europe.
Roadmap
One of the most important achievements of ASPERA was to produce a common European Roadmap for the future, in the field of astroparticle physics.
Published in September 2008 in Brussels, the Roadmap presents the "Magnificent Seven", which are the Seven large infrastructures expected in the next 10 years to answer some of the most exciting questions about the Universe such as: What is dark matter? What is the origin of cosmic rays? What is the role of violent cosmic processes? Can we detect gravitational waves?
CTA, The Cherenkov Telescope Array, a large array of Cherenkov Telescop |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroparticle%20Physics%20%28journal%29 | Astroparticle Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering experimental and theoretical research in the interacting fields of cosmic ray physics, astronomy and astrophysics, cosmology, and particle physics. It was established in 1992 and is published monthly by North-Holland, an imprint of Elsevier. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.724.
References
External links
Astrophysics journals
Elsevier academic journals
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 1992 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Vilarroig | Pedro Vilarroig (born November 8, 1954) is a professor of physics and cosmology at the Universidad Politécnica of Madrid and a former Spanish composer. He is a proponent of neotonalism, having founded and led the Asociación Española de Compositores Neotonales (Spanish Association of Neotonal Composers).
Biography
Vilarroig was born in Madrid in 1954. His mother was a violinist and his father a painter. As a child, he often used to paint while listening to music. By this means, he heard a great deal of music by the great masters of classicism, who noticeably influenced him. While going for long walks, he would often hear new music in his head. Vilarroig graduated with a doctorate in Mining Engineer, and entered the Real Conservatorio Superior de Música of Madrid in 1973 when he was 19 years old (most of the Conservatory's students enter as young children).
When Vilarroig had finished his studies, he joined the Laboratorio de Interpretación Musical (Music Performance Lab) LIM for two years acting as a collaborator, performer and composer in electroacoustics.
Founder of the Asociación Musical Verda Stelo, he conducted a choir and a chamber orchestra for seven years. He read choral studies with the Czech professor Petr Fiala, participated in a composition workshop conducted by Carmelo Bernaola, conducted choirs in courses organized by the Federación Coral of Madrid, and wrote incidental music for courses led by Eduardo Armenteros and José Miguel Martínez at the SGAE in Madri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolic%20induction | In mathematics, parabolic induction is a method of constructing representations of a reductive group from representations of its parabolic subgroups.
If G is a reductive algebraic group and is the Langlands decomposition of a parabolic subgroup P, then parabolic induction consists of taking a representation of , extending it to P by letting N act trivially, and inducing the result from P to G.
There are some generalizations of parabolic induction using cohomology, such as cohomological parabolic induction and Deligne–Lusztig theory.
Philosophy of cusp forms
The philosophy of cusp forms was a slogan of Harish-Chandra, expressing his idea of a kind of reverse engineering of automorphic form theory, from the point of view of representation theory. The discrete group Γ fundamental to the classical theory disappears, superficially. What remains is the basic idea that representations in general are to be constructed by parabolic induction of cuspidal representations. A similar philosophy was enunciated by Israel Gelfand, and the philosophy is a precursor of the Langlands program. A consequence for thinking about representation theory is that cuspidal representations are the fundamental class of objects, from which other representations may be constructed by procedures of induction.
According to Nolan Wallach
Put in the simplest terms the "philosophy of cusp forms" says that for each Γ-conjugacy classes of Q-rational parabolic subgroups one should construct automorphic func |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary%20series%20representation | In mathematics, complementary series representations of a reductive real or p-adic Lie groups are certain irreducible unitary representations that are not tempered and do not appear in the decomposition of the regular representation into irreducible representations.
They are rather mysterious: they do not turn up very often, and seem to exist by accident. They were sometimes overlooked, in fact, in some earlier claims to have classified the irreducible unitary representations of certain groups.
Several conjectures in mathematics, such as the Selberg conjecture, are equivalent to saying that certain representations are not complementary. For examples see the representation theory of SL2(R). Elias M. Stein (1972) constructed some families of them for higher rank groups using analytic continuation, sometimes called the Stein complementary series.
References
, also reprinted as
Representation theory of groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%E2%80%93Brauer%20matrices | In mathematics, particularly in the theory of spinors, the Weyl–Brauer matrices are an explicit realization of a Clifford algebra as a matrix algebra of matrices. They generalize the Pauli matrices to dimensions, and are a specific construction of higher-dimensional gamma matrices. They are named for Richard Brauer and Hermann Weyl, and were one of the earliest systematic constructions of spinors from a representation theoretic standpoint.
The matrices are formed by taking tensor products of the Pauli matrices, and the space of spinors in dimensions may then be realized as the column vectors of size on which the Weyl–Brauer matrices act.
Construction
Suppose that V = Rn is a Euclidean space of dimension n. There is a sharp contrast in the construction of the Weyl–Brauer matrices depending on whether the dimension n is even or odd.
Let = 2 (or 2+1) and suppose that the Euclidean quadratic form on is given by
where (pi, qi) are the standard coordinates on Rn.
Define matrices 1, 1', P, and Q by
.
In even or in odd dimensionality, this quantization procedure amounts to replacing the ordinary p, q coordinates with non-commutative coordinates constructed from P, Q in a suitable fashion.
Even case
In the case when n = 2k is even, let
for i = 1,2,...,k (where the P or Q is considered to occupy the i-th position). The operation is the tensor product of matrices. It is no longer important to distinguish between the Ps and Qs, so we shall simply refer to them all wit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canisius%20University%20people | This is a list of notable students, alumni, staff and faculty of Canisius University in Buffalo, New York.
Academia
Sister Marion Beiter, '44 - mathematician, Chairman of Mathematics for Rosary Hill College
H. James Birx - Professor of Anthropology, Canisius University
Paul G. Bulger - President of Buffalo State College
James Demske, S.J., B.A. '47 – President of Canisius College (1966–1993)
John Hurley '78 - 24th president and 1st lay president of Canisius College (2010-2022); president emeritus (2022-pres.)
Mark Huson - Professor of Finance, University of Alberta, Faculty of Business
Paul G. Gassman '57 - former Chair of University of Minnesota Chemistry Department
Thomas J. Lawley '68 - Dean of the Emory University School of Medicine
Steven Seegel, Ph.D. ’99 - Professor of Slavic and Eurasian Studies at University of Texas at Austin
Business
Mary E. Belle '73 – President of Licensing, Jones Apparel Group
Michael Buczkowski '86 - General Manager / Vice President of the Buffalo Bisons
Peter M. Cuviello '69 – Vice President and managing director, Lockheed Martin
Calvin Darden '72 – Senior Vice President, United Parcel Service; named 8th most powerful black executive in the U.S. by Fortune magazine
Gene F. Jankowski '55 – former chairman, CBS Broadcast Group: Chairman and CEO, Jankowski
Gregory R. Maday '70 – Senior Vice President, Warner Bros.
George Mathewson '72 – chairman of the Board, Royal Bank of Scotland
Carl J. Montante '64 - founder, President, and manag |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Egyed | László Egyed (12 February 1914 – 11 July 1970) was a Hungarian geophysicist who published over 100 scientific articles. In 1956 he wrote the book Physics of the solid earth, which was reworked and republished in 1969.
Like Ott Christoph Hilgenberg, Samuel Warren Carey and Pascual Jordan, Egyed was a supporter of the Expanding Earth theory, an alternative to plate tectonics. He calculated an increase of the Earth's radius by approximately 1 millimeter per year, or a total of 500 kilometers since the Cambrian period. On phenomenological grounds Egyed proposed a possible decrease of the gravitational constant in connection with phase transitions within the Earth. Although Egyed's hypotheses of phase transitions were confirmed, standard theoretical explanations today do not attribute this phenomenon to any expansion of the Earth.
The Association of Hungarian Geophysicists has honored Egyed by awarding the László Egyed medal every two years since 1986 "to recognize outstanding professional performance in the field of geophysics."
References
1914 births
1970 deaths
Hungarian geologists
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
20th-century geologists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Joos | Georg Jakob Christof Joos (25 May 1894 in Bad Urach, German Empire – 20 May 1959 in Munich, West Germany) was a German experimental physicist. He wrote Lehrbuch der theoretischen Physik, first published in 1932 and one of the most influential theoretical physics textbooks of the 20th Century.
Education
Joos began his higher education in 1912 at the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart. He then went to study at the University of Tübingen, where he received his doctorate in 1920 under C. Füchtbauer.
Career
After receipt of his doctorate, Joos became a teaching assistant to Jonathan Zenneck at the Technical University of Munich. In 1922, he became a Privatdozent there.
In 1924, he was appointed extraordinarius professor at the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, where he lectured on the theory of electrons and the theory of relativity. In 1928, he was appointed ordinarius professor, as successor of Felix Auerbach. In the late 1920s, at the industrial firm Zeiss Jena, he reproduced the Michelson–Morley experiment with more refined equipment and confirmed the original results.
Before the publication of Arnold Sommerfeld's six-volume Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik in the 1940s, Lehrbuch der theoretischen Physik by Joos, first published in 1932, was probably one of the most important books on theoretical physics in the 20th Century.
In 1933, shortly after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was passed, which r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Eliot%20B.%20Moss | J. Eliot B. Moss is a computer scientist active in the fields of garbage collection and multiprocessor synchronization. He is co-inventor with Maurice Herlihy of transactional memory.
He is currently (2012) a Professor of computer science at University of Massachusetts Amherst. He has served on the executive committee of SIGPLAN, the Special Interest Group for programming languages for the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2007 he was inducted as Fellow of the ACM, and in 2008 as a Fellow of the IEEE. In 2012, his paper on transactional memory was recognized with a Dijkstra Prize, shared with Maurice Herlihy.
He is also an Episcopal priest, ordained in 2005, currently serving as Vicar of St. John's Episcopal Church, Ashfield, MA. He resides in Amherst, MA, is married, and has a son and a daughter. He received degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, completing a BSEE in 1975, MSEE in 1978, and PhD in 1981. His dissertation was on nested transactions and was later published in a slightly revised form by the MIT Press (1985). He is co-author of The Garbage Collection Handbook with Richard Jones and Antony Hosking, published in 2011 by Chapman and Hall.
See also
ISCA Influential Paper Award
External links
Website
American computer scientists
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Living people
Dijkstra Prize laureates
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enid%20Lakeman | Enid Lakeman, OBE (28 November 1903 – 7 January 1995) was a British political reformer, writer and politician, noted for her long-standing championship of the single transferable vote system of elections.
Biography
She was born and brought up in Kent, and studied chemistry at Bedford College, University of London, graduating with first-class honours in 1926. She went on to work in the chemical industry in Britain and in Germany. During the second world war she was a radar operator with the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF).
In 1946, Lakeman became Research Secretary at the Proportional Representation Society, which changed its name to the Electoral Reform Society in 1958. This was and still is a lobby group campaigning for the introduction of the single transferable vote (STV) in multi-member constituencies to replace the first-past-the-post electoral system used in most British elections. She was appointed Director of the Society in 1960. In this capacity she addressed innumerable meetings, edited pamphlets, drafted the Society's submissions to official inquiries, lobbied politicians, government departments and journalists, visited schools, and wrote hundreds of letters to newspaper editors.
In 1955, she wrote, with James Lambert, Voting in Democracies, a detailed comparative study of electoral systems in different countries. It went through several revisions and the latest, with Lakeman as sole author, was published in 1974 under the new title How Democracies Vote. Thi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt%20problem | The belt problem is a mathematics problem which requires finding the length of a crossed belt that connects two circular pulleys with radius r1 and r2 whose centers are separated by a distance P. The solution of the belt problem requires trigonometry and the concepts of the bitangent line, the vertical angle, and congruent angles.
Solution
Clearly triangles ACO and ADO are congruent right angled triangles, as are triangles BEO and BFO. In addition, triangles ACO and BEO are similar. Therefore angles CAO, DAO, EBO and FBO are all equal. Denoting this angle by (denominated in radians), the length of the belt is
This exploits the convenience of denominating angles in radians that the length of an arc = the radius × the measure of the angle facing the arc.
To find we see from the similarity of triangles ACO and BEO that
For fixed P the length of the belt depends only on the sum of the radius values r1 + r2, and not on their individual values.
Pulley problem
There are other types of problems similar to the belt problem. The pulley problem, as shown, is similar to the belt problem; however, the belt does not cross itself. In the pulley problem the length of the belt is
where r1 represents the radius of the larger pulley, r2 represents the radius of the smaller one, and:
Applications
The belt problem is used in the design of aeroplanes, bicycle gearing, cars, and other items with pulleys or belts that cross each other. The pulley problem is also used in the design of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urocystis%20agropyri | Urocystis agropyri is a fungal plant pathogen that causes flag smut on wheat.
Biology
The flag smut fungus, U. agropyri, is a basidiomycete. It produces basidiospores and teliospores. This pathogen is found globally, but is most problematic in Australia and India.
Hosts
Urocystis agropyri infects wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), among other grass species. Relatives of U. agropyri infect other grasses and are frequently identified as the causal organism of flag smut on wheat, but there is debate still as to whether they are the same organism or different strains.
Symptoms
Flag smut is a systemic disease that starts in young tissues. Early symptoms include "leprous" spots and bending or twisting of coleoptiles. Older plant leaves have white striations that eventually turn silvery gray, which is evidence of the pathogen's impending sporulation. Additionally, infected plants may have stunted growth, increased leaf production, sterile seeds, and failure to produce heads or have successful leaf expansion.
Diagnosis
Leaves will appear streaked with stripes, which are white, gray or black. The leaf discoloration is due to fungal structures called sori, which are clusters of spore-bearing structures. During sporulation, sori burst through leaves releasing teliospores and cause leaves to appear tattered. These spores are reddish brown, smoothly rounded, and they tend to be in clumps of 5-6 with sterile cells around them. The clumped spores are often referred to as "spore balls" and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture-driven%20modernization | Architecture-driven modernization in computing and computer science, is the name of the initiative of the Object Management Group (see OMG ADM Task Force website) related to building and promoting standards that can be applied to modernize legacy systems. The objective of this initiative is to provide standard representations of views of existing systems, in order to enable common modernization activities, such as code analysis and comprehension, and software transformation.
History
In June 2003, The Object Management Group (OMG) formed a task force to model in the context of existing software systems. Initially, the group was called Legacy Transformation Task Force, but then the name was unanimously changed to Architecture-Driven Modernization Task Force (ADMTF). ADMTF is co-chaired by Djenana Campara, from KDM Analytics and William Ulrich, from Tactical Strategy Group.
In November 2003, the OMG's Architecture-Driven Modernization Task Force recommended, and the Platform Technical Committee issued, the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel Request For Proposal (RFP).
In February 2005, the OMG's Architecture-Driven Modernization Task Force recommended, and the Platform Technical Committee issued, the Abstract Syntax Tree Metamodel (ASTM) Request For Proposal (RFP). This work is still in progress. OMG has not yet adopted this specification.
In May 2006, the Team's submission—the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel—was adopted by the OMG and moved into the finalization stage of the OMG |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCNJ%20School%20of%20Engineering | TCNJ School of Engineering is one of seven schools at The College of New Jersey, consisting of roughly 650 students centered in Armstrong Hall. It offers several undergraduate programs in various engineering disciplines including the traditional mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering fields, but also extending to newer fields such as computer and biomedical engineering. An Order of the Engineer chapter was started in Spring 2009 for all graduating seniors.
Faculty
The current dean of the school is Dr. Andrea Welker, who started this role in 2022. The mechanical engineering department is chaired by Dr. Karen Yan; the electrical and computer engineering departments are chaired by Dr. Anthony Deese; the civil engineering department is chaired by Dr. Andrew Bechtel, and the biomedical engineering department is chaired by Dr. Christopher Wagner. The Department of Integrative STEM Education is chaired by Dr. Manuel Figuroa.
Programs and academics
TCNJ's School of Engineering offers the following programs and degrees.
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Bachelor of science (BS) in biomedical engineering
The biomedical engineering program at The College of New Jersey is relatively young, having its first graduating class in 2007.
Department of Civil Engineering
Bachelor of science (BS) in civil engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Bachelor of science (BS) in electrical engineering
Bachelor of science (BS) in computer engineering
Bachelor o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20L.%20Hagelstein | Peter L. Hagelstein is an associate professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), affiliated with the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE).
Hagelstein received a B.S. and M.S. in 1976 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1981, from MIT.
Hagelstein began his career at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, working on high-energy laser and plasma physics from 1981 to 1985. While working in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, he pioneered the work that later produced the first X-ray laser, which would later become important for the US Strategic Defense Initiative, popularly referred to as the "Star Wars" program. His work on X-ray lasers was honored with the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award in 1984. Following this time, he took up an academic appointment at MIT in 1986.
In 1989, he started investigating cold fusion (also called low-energy nuclear reactions) with the hope of making a breakthrough similar to the X-ray laser. In the period between 1989 and 2004, the field became discredited in the eyes of many scientists. Hagelstein continued his research activity in the field, chairing the Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion in 2003. On November 14th, 2017, he gave a 90 minute presentation reviewing relevant experiments and describing possible mechanisms.
Following the cold fusion episode, his primary research has shifted to solid-state physics, including the development of new thermoelectric materials. In add |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism | Dualism most commonly refers to:
Mind–body dualism, a philosophical view which holds that mental phenomena are, at least in certain respects, not physical phenomena, or that the mind and the body are distinct and separable from one another
Property dualism, a view in the philosophy of mind and metaphysics which holds that, although the world is composed of just one kind of substance—the physical kind—there exist two distinct kinds of properties: physical properties and mental properties
Cosmological dualism, the theological or spiritual view that there are only two fundamental concepts, such as "good" and "evil", and that these two concepts are in every way opposed to one another
Dualism may also refer to:
Dualism (cybernetics), systems or problems in which an intelligent adversary attempts to exploit the weaknesses of the investigator
Dualism (Indian philosophy), the belief held by certain schools of Indian philosophy that reality is fundamentally composed of two parts
Dualism (politics), the separation of powers between the cabinet and parliament
Dualism in medieval politics, opposition to hierocracy (medieval)
Epistemological dualism, the epistemological question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself or merely an internal perceptual copy of that world generated by neural processes in our brain
Ethical dualism, the attribution of good solely to one group of people and evil to another
Monism and dualism in international law, a principle i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mef2 | In the field of molecular biology, myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2) proteins are a family of transcription factors which through control of gene expression are important regulators of cellular differentiation and consequently play a critical role in embryonic development. In adult organisms, Mef2 proteins mediate the stress response in some tissues. Mef2 proteins contain both MADS-box and Mef2 DNA-binding domains.
Discovery
Mef2 was originally identified as a transcription factor complex through promoter analysis of the muscle creatine kinase (mck) gene to identify nuclear factors interacting with the mck enhancer region during muscle differentiation. Three human mRNA coding sequences designated RSRF (Related to Serum Response Factor) were cloned and shown to dimerize, bind a consensus sequence similar to the one present in the MCK enhancer region, and drive transcription. RSRFs were subsequently demonstrated to encode human genes now named Mef2A, Mef2B and Mef2D.
Species distribution
The Mef2 gene is widely expressed in all branches of eukaryotes from yeast to humans. While Drosophila has a single Mef2 gene, vertebrates have at least four versions of the Mef2 gene (human versions are denoted as MEF2A, MEF2B, MEF2C, and MEF2D), all expressed in distinct but overlapping patterns during embryogenesis through adulthood.
Sequence and structure
All of the mammalian Mef2 genes share approximately 50% overall amino acid identity and about 95% similarity throughout the highl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20W.%20Johnson | Martin Wiggo Johnson (September 30, 1893 – November 28, 1984), was an American oceanographer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He is known as an author of the landmark reference work The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology (1942, 1970); for explaining the deep scattering layer (DSL) as a result of what is now called the diel vertical migration; and for studies of zooplankton that revealed that the physics of water movement was an important influence on population biology and community diversity.
Background
Of Scandinavian ancestry, Johnson was born on September 30, 1893, in a sod-roofed farm house on the Great Plains in Chandler, South Dakota. As a young man, he worked on threshing crews in the wheat harvests of Saskatchewan and the Dakotas, and was a general ranch hand. His family moved to Washington state, where he worked as a logger and as a guard on salmon traps.
Education
After army service during World War I, Johnson attended the University of Washington and graduated in 1923. He was later awarded a PhD by the university.
Career
Johnson was the curator of the Friday Harbor biological station and a scientific assistant at the Passamaquoddy International Fisheries Commission. From 1933 to 1934 he was an Associate of the University of Washington.
In 1934 he was offered a position as a research associate at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California for $100.00 per month. Given the Great Depression, he was happy to get the sala |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprecipitation | In chemistry, coprecipitation (CPT) or co-precipitation is the carrying down by a precipitate of substances normally soluble under the conditions employed. Analogously, in medicine, coprecipitation is specifically the precipitation of an unbound "antigen along with an antigen-antibody complex".
Coprecipitation is an important topic in chemical analysis, where it can be undesirable, but can also be usefully exploited. In gravimetric analysis, which consists on precipitating the analyte and measuring its mass to determine its concentration or purity, coprecipitation is a problem because undesired impurities often coprecipitate with the analyte, resulting in excess mass. This problem can often be mitigated by "digestion" (waiting for the precipitate to equilibrate and form larger and purer particles) or by redissolving the sample and precipitating it again.
On the other hand, in the analysis of trace elements, as is often the case in radiochemistry, coprecipitation is often the only way of separating an element. Since the trace element is too dilute (sometimes less than a part per trillion) to precipitate by conventional means, it is typically coprecipitated with a carrier, a substance that has a similar crystalline structure that can incorporate the desired element. An example is the separation of francium from other radioactive elements by coprecipitating it with caesium salts such as caesium perchlorate. Otto Hahn is credited for promoting the use of coprecipitation in radi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melam%20%28chemistry%29 | Melam (N2-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) is a condensation product of melamine.
Synthesis
Melam was discovered by Liebig in 1834 from the residue of heating ammonium thiocyanate.
Chemical property
In the presence of 30% ammonia, melam undergoes hydrolysis to form ammeline and melamine. It also reacts with concentrated nitric acid, producing cyanuric acid.
Upon heating, melam first loses ammonia to form melem, and then melon.
References
B. Bann and S.A. Miller, "Melamines and derivatives of melamine", Chemical Reviews, vol.58, p131-172 (1958).
Triazines
Secondary amines
Polyamines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20family%20of%20languages | In computer science, in particular in the field of formal language theory,
an abstract family of languages is an abstract mathematical notion generalizing characteristics common to the regular languages, the context-free languages and the recursively enumerable languages, and other families of formal languages studied in the scientific literature.
Formal definitions
A formal language is a set for which there exists a finite set of abstract symbols such that , where * is the Kleene star operation.
A family of languages is an ordered pair , where
is an infinite set of symbols;
is a set of formal languages;
For each in there exists a finite subset such that ; and
for some in .
A trio is a family of languages closed under homomorphisms that do not introduce the empty word, inverse homomorphisms, and intersections with a regular language.
A full trio, also called a cone, is a trio closed under arbitrary homomorphism.
A (full) semi-AFL is a (full) trio closed under union.
A (full) AFL is a (full) semi-AFL closed under concatenation and the Kleene plus.
Some families of languages
The following are some simple results from the study of abstract families of languages.
Within the Chomsky hierarchy, the regular languages, the context-free languages, and the recursively enumerable languages are all full AFLs. However, the context sensitive languages and the recursive languages are AFLs, but not full AFLs because they are not closed under arbitrary homomorphisms.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twindly%20Bridge%20Charter%20School | Twindly Bridge Charter School (TBCS) is a charter school located in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District in Wasilla, Alaska. It serves grades K-12. It has an indoor gym that has archery and air pistol shooting. It has classes in yoga and robotics which many other schools lack. It is funded by the State. They have a coffee shop there open weekdays 6:30am–10:00am. Most kids will do their work at home and have grade conferences at the school. There are however supplemental sessions that run k-12 and include: science labs, music, art, pottery, robotics, archery, physical education, and geography. Parents get allotments ranging from $2000-$2500.
References
Charter schools in Alaska
Public elementary schools in Alaska
Public high schools in Alaska
Public middle schools in Alaska
Schools in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska
Wasilla, Alaska |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieber | Lieber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Clara Lieber (1902–1982), an American chemist
Charles M. Lieber (born 1959), professor of chemistry at Harvard University
Ernst Maria Lieber (1838–1902), German politician
Francis Lieber (1800–1872), jurist, author of the Lieber Code
Jeffrey Lieber, screenwriter
Jon Lieber (born 1970), baseball player
Larry Lieber (born 1931), comic book writer
Lillian Rosanoff Lieber (1886–1986), mathematician and author
Maxim Lieber (1897–1993), American literary agent and communist spy in the 1930s
Michael Lieber, British actor
Moriz Lieber (1790–1860), German politician and publisher
Richard Lieber (1869–1944), conservationist
Rochelle Lieber, linguist
Stan Lee (born Stanley Lieber) (1922–2018), comic book writer
See also
Leiber
Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, American record producers and songwriters
German-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Yiddish-language surnames |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Trough%20Area%20Project | The Eastern Trough Area Project, commonly known as ETAP, is a network of nine smaller oil and gas fields in the Central North Sea covering an area up to 35 km in diameter. There are a total of nine different fields, six operated by BP and another three operated by Shell, and together, they are a rich mix of geology, chemistry, technology and equity arrangements.
Development
The ETAP complex was sanctioned for development in 1995 with first hydrocarbons produced in 1998. The original development included Marnock, Mungo, Monan and Machar from BP and Heron, Egret, Skua from Shell. In 2002, BP brought Mirren and Madoes on stream. With these nine fields, the total reserves of ETAP are approximately of oil, of natural gas condensate and of natural gas.
A single central processing facility (CPF) sits over the Marnock field and serves as a hub for all production and operations of the asset including all processing and export and a base for expedition to the Mungo NUI. The CPF consists of separate platforms for operations and accommodation linked by two 60 m bridges. The Processing, drilling and Riser platform (PdR), contains the process plant and the export lines, a riser area to receive production fluids from the other ETAP fields and the wellheads of Marnock. The Quarters and Utilities platform (QU) provides accommodation for up to 117 personnel operating this platform or travelling onwards to the Mungo NUI. This partitioning of accommodation and operations into two pl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Molnar%20%28philosopher%29 | George Molnar (1934–1999) was a Hungarian-born philosopher whose principal area of interest was metaphysics. He worked mainly in the Philosophy Department at the University of Sydney but resided in England from 1976 to 1982. He published four philosophical papers in two separate spells; the first two in the 1960s and the second two after a return to the profession in the 1990s. His book Powers: A Study in Metaphysics was published posthumously in 2003.
Early life
Molnar was a Holocaust survivor. His parents were middle-class Jews resident in Budapest. His father Imre deserted baby George and his mother Rosa before World War II and emigrated to Australia with his secretary Mimi, leaving them in Budapest during the Nazi occupation and the Siege of Budapest. Rosa and George escaped from Hungary after the war in 1949 and were stateless refugees in Europe until 1951 when they arrived in Australia.
Education
Molnar studied economics at the University of Sydney and switched to philosophy in his final year, under the Australian realist philosopher John Anderson. He was later to be appointed as John Anderson Senior Research Fellow.
Career
In the 1950s and 1960s Molnar was a prominent member of the Libertarian Society at Sydney University and an influential academic member of the Sydney Push. Along with philosophers David J. Ivison, Roelof Smilde, Darcy Waters and Jim Baker, Molnar was a contributor to the libertarian Broadsheet.
Molnar's writing was published in the British an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Holding%20Echols | William Holding Echols VI (December 2, 1859 – September 25, 1934), generally called "Reddy" Echols, was a professor of mathematics at the University of Virginia. The Echols Scholars Program is named in his honor.
William Echols was the son of the fifth of the same name who was a Major in Confederate States of America.
Echols attended the university as an undergraduate and received his Bachelor of Science and a civil engineering degree from the university in 1882. Following his graduation, he became an engineering professor, and later director, of the Missouri School of Mines (now Missouri University of Science and Technology). He returned to UVA as adjunct professor of mathematics in 1891, teaching mechanical engineering and serving as the building and grounds supervisor.
On October 27, 1895, a fire started in the Rotunda Annex on the UVA grounds. Echols, in a dramatic attempt to save the Rotunda, attempted to use dynamite to destroy the roofed portico that connected the Annex and the Rotunda and keep the fire from spreading to the historic building. Unfortunately, despite his attempt to hurl 50 pounds of dynamite to the portico from atop the Rotunda dome, the portico held, the fire spread more rapidly than before, and the Rotunda was gutted by the blaze.
In later years, Echols authored a text on elementary calculus. He remained active in University life and was a member of Eli Banana. He died of a heart attack in his home on the East Lawn in 1934 and is buried in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC%20Fuyuan | Lü Fuyuan () (October 1945 – 18 May 2004) was the first minister of the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.
Biography
After graduating from Jilin University with a degree in Physics, Lü worked for several years in the First Automobile Works in Changchun, and then studied at the Université de Montréal in Canada during 1981 and 1983; but later, he refused the offer to stay in Canada.
When Lü went backed to China, the Chinese Embassy to Canada then suggested the First Automobile Works to invite Lü joined the Communist Party of China in 1983. Soon, Lü was promoted to the Deputy Executive Officer of First Automobile Works and the Chief Economist Officer, in charging operations and trades. He was also awarded by the Central Military Commission because of his contribution to the 35th National Day Parade of People's Republic of China in 1984.
Six years later, Lü joined the Ministry of Machine Industry of China, as the Department Head of automobile Industry; and then was promoted to the Deputy Minister of Machine Industry. During the eight years in office, he had made tremendous contribution to China's Automobile Industry, and personally involved in a number of projects. He also invited Wan Gang, a Chinese expert on automobiles who at that time was working with German Audi Corporation, to return to China.
Since 1998, Lü was assigned to be the Deputy Minister in Ministry of Education, and then Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation.
In March 2003, the former M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markovnikov | Markovnikov () is a Russian masculine surname, which originates from морковь (carrot); its feminine counterpart is Markovnikova. It may refer to
Vladimir Markovnikov (1837–1904), Russian chemist
Nikolai Markovnikov (1869–1942), Russian architect and archaeologist, son of Vladimir
See also
Markovnikov's rule in chemistry, established by Vladimir Markovnikov
Russian-language surnames |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLUKA | FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) is a fully integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter.
FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies, dosimetry, medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy.
It is the standard tool used in radiation protection studies in the CERN particle accelerator laboratory.
FLUKA software code is used by Epcard, which is a software program for simulating radiation exposure on airline flights.
Comparison with other codes
MCNPX is slower than FLUKA.
Geant4 is slower than FLUKA.
References
Further reading
External links
Official site of FLUKA collaboration
FLUKA on the CERN bulletin
Physics software used to fight cancer
Fortran software
Physics software
Monte Carlo molecular modelling software
Science software for Linux
Linux-only proprietary software
CERN software
Monte Carlo particle physics software
Proprietary commercial software for Linux |
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