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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Lowe | David Lowe may refer to:
Academics
Dave Lowe (atmospheric scientist) (born 1946), New Zealand atmospheric scientist
David Fowler Lowe (1843–1924), headmaster of George Heriot's School
David G. Lowe, Canadian professor of computer science
David Lowe (historian) (born 1964), Australian historian and biographer
Sir David Lowe (horticulturalist) (1899–1980), Scottish horticulturalist and businessman
Arts
David Lowe (actor) (born 1955), English film director, actor, composer and scientist
David Lowe (producer) (1913–1965), American television producer
David Lowe (television and radio composer) (born 1959), English composer focusing primarily on music for television
David Lowe (video game composer), English composer known for his work on 8-bit and 16-bit computer games
Sports
David Lowe (cricketer) (born 1979), former English cricketer
David Lowe (footballer) (born 1965), English professional football player
David Lowe (footballer, born 1963), Australian footballer for clubs such as Newcastle KB
David Lowe (sport shooter), British sports shooter
David Lowe (swimmer) (born 1960), English butterfly and freestyle swimmer
Others
David Nicoll Lowe (1909–1999), secretary of the Carnegie Trust, 1954–1970
David Perley Lowe (1823–1882), U.S. Representative from Kansas
David Lowe (socialist) (1867–1947), Scottish socialist activist
David Lowe (winemaker) (born 1958), Australian winemaker
See also
David Low (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient%20%28civil%20engineering%29 | In civil engineering, a transient is a short-lived pressure wave. A common example is water hammer.
Transients are often misunderstood and not accounted for in the design of water distribution systems, thus contributing to hydraulic element failures, such as pipe breaks and pump/valve failures.
External links
Journal of Applied Fluid Transients (JAFT)
Hydraulic engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Bjerrum | Hans Adolf Bjerrum (8 September 1899 – 10 May 1979) was a Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
He was a member of the Danish field hockey team, which won the silver medal. He later formed the Danish civil engineering company Bierrum, known for building cooling towers for power stations.
References
External links
profile
1899 births
1979 deaths
People from Gentofte Municipality
Danish civil engineers
Danish company founders
Danish male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Denmark
Field hockey players at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Denmark
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman%20Prinja | Prof. Raman K. Prinja is an astronomer, professor and author. He is professor of astrophysics at University College London (UCL) and has been awarded the Pol and Christiane Swings research prize by the Royal Academy of Belgium; UCL Faculty Teaching Award (2000, 2010); UCL Education Award 2018; American Institute of Physics Science Education Award (2019); Royal Society Young People's Book Prize (2019). In Sept. 2021 Prof Raman Prinja was a recipient of the UCL Leadership Award for Outstanding Contribution. The Institute of Physics 2021 Lise Meitner Medal and Prize has been awarded to Prof. Prinja for his distinguished long-term contributions to engage and inspire children in physics, including his highly motivating range of books, public lectures and interactive science events for young people.
Research
Prof. Prinja's area of research includes studies of outflows at the extremes of stellar evolution. Current projects aim to investigate the nature of mass-loss via stellar winds in a broad range of astrophysical settings, including: the structure of fast outflows from the central stars of planetary nebulae, mass-loss, clumping and the origin of structure in the winds of luminous OB stars, accretion-disc outflows in cataclysmic variables and, the origin and nature of mass outflows from young classical T Tauri stars. The work relates to many fundamental astrophysical processes, including radiation hydrodynamics and plasma physics, accretion discs, the evolution of stars, the dyna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20temporal%20memory | Hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) is a biologically constrained machine intelligence technology developed by Numenta. Originally described in the 2004 book On Intelligence by Jeff Hawkins with Sandra Blakeslee, HTM is primarily used today for anomaly detection in streaming data. The technology is based on neuroscience and the physiology and interaction of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex of the mammalian (in particular, human) brain.
At the core of HTM are learning algorithms that can store, learn, infer, and recall high-order sequences. Unlike most other machine learning methods, HTM constantly learns (in an unsupervised process) time-based patterns in unlabeled data. HTM is robust to noise, and has high capacity (it can learn multiple patterns simultaneously). When applied to computers, HTM is well suited for prediction, anomaly detection, classification, and ultimately sensorimotor applications.
HTM has been tested and implemented in software through example applications from Numenta and a few commercial applications from Numenta's partners.
Structure and algorithms
A typical HTM network is a tree-shaped hierarchy of levels (not to be confused with the "layers" of the neocortex, as described below). These levels are composed of smaller elements called regions (or nodes). A single level in the hierarchy possibly contains several regions. Higher hierarchy levels often have fewer regions. Higher hierarchy levels can reuse patterns learned at the lower levels by combini |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STI%20College | STI College (formerly known as Systems Technology Institute) is a private network of university/colleges and senior high schools in the Philippines. They primarily cater to computer science and information technology education, but also offer other courses, such as business management and accountancy. The acronym STI has been declared as an orphan initialism after their name change in 2006.
STI uses a semestral calendar typical to the semester collegiate education program mostly used by Philippine universities.
Ownership
STI College is wholly owned by the STI Education Services Group, Inc. (STI ESG), a subsidiary of the STI Education Systems Holdings, Inc. of Dr. Eusebio "Yosi" H. Tanco, PhD.
The STI Education Systems Holdings, Inc. is the holding company within the Tanco Group that drives investment in its education business. STI Education Systems Holdings, Inc. has 5 subsidiaries, namely: STI Education Services Group, Inc. (“STI ESG”), STI West Negros University, Inc. (“STI WNU”), Information and Communications Technology Academy, Inc. (“iACADEMY”), Attenborough Holdings Corporation (“AHC”) and Neschester Corporation (“Neschester”).
Eusebio Tanco also serves as the majority and principal owner of Maestro Holdings, Inc., formerly known as STI Investments, Inc., another company part of the Tanco Group.
History
STI was a former computer center organized in 1983, when entrepreneurs Augusto C. Lagman, Herman T. Gamboa, Benjamin A. Santos and Edgar H. Sarte set up the Syst |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harish-Chandra%20character | In mathematics, the Harish-Chandra character, named after Harish-Chandra, of a representation of a semisimple Lie group G on a Hilbert space H is a distribution on the group G that is analogous to the character of a finite-dimensional representation of a compact group.
Definition
Suppose that π is an irreducible unitary representation of G on a Hilbert space H.
If f is a compactly supported smooth function on the group G, then the operator on H
is of trace class, and the distribution
is called the character (or global character or Harish-Chandra character) of the representation.
The character Θπ is a distribution on G that is invariant under conjugation, and is an eigendistribution of the center of
the universal enveloping algebra of G, in other words an invariant eigendistribution, with eigenvalue the infinitesimal character of the representation π.
Harish-Chandra's regularity theorem states that any invariant eigendistribution, and in particular any character of an irreducible unitary representation on a Hilbert space, is given by a locally integrable function.
References
A. W. Knapp, Representation Theory of Semisimple Groups: An Overview Based on Examples.
Representation theory of Lie groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harish-Chandra%27s%20regularity%20theorem | In mathematics, Harish-Chandra's regularity theorem, introduced by , states that every invariant eigendistribution on a semisimple Lie group, and in particular every character of an irreducible unitary representation on a Hilbert space, is given by a locally integrable function. proved a similar theorem for semisimple p-adic groups.
had previously shown that any invariant eigendistribution is analytic on the regular elements of the group, by showing that on these elements it is a solution of an elliptic differential equation. The problem is that it may have singularities on the singular elements of the group; the regularity theorem implies that these singularities are not too severe.
Statement
A distribution on a group G or its Lie algebra is called invariant if it is invariant under conjugation by G.
A distribution on a group G or its Lie algebra is called an eigendistribution if it is an eigenvector of the center of the universal enveloping algebra of G (identified with the left and right invariant differential operators of G).
Harish-Chandra's regularity theorem states that any invariant eigendistribution on a semisimple group or Lie algebra is a locally integrable function.
The condition that it is an eigendistribution can be relaxed slightly to the condition that its image under the center of the universal enveloping algebra is finite-dimensional. The regularity theorem also implies that on each Cartan subalgebra the distribution can be written as a finite sum of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima%27s%20Theorem | In physics, Fukushima's Theorem holds that for all points beneath the ionosphere the magnetic fields from field-aligned currents and their corresponding Pedersen currents exactly cancel. By superposition the total magnetic field at the ground is then equal to the magnetic field from just the ionospheric Hall currents.
Fukushima's Theorem holds in any planar or spherical geometry, provided that the field-aligned currents are perpendicular to the ground, and that the ionospheric conductance is spatially constant. Neither of these conditions holds strongly in the auroral region of the Earth's ionosphere.
Journal articles
Naoshi Fukushima, "Generalized theorem for no ground magnetic effect of vertical currents connected with Pedersen currents in the uniform-conductivity ionosphere", Rep. Ionos.Space Res.Jap 30, 35-50 (1976).
Space science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20Kolh%C3%B6rster | Werner Heinrich Gustav Kolhörster (28 December 1887 – 5 August 1946) was a German physicist and a pioneer of research into cosmic rays.
Kolhörster was born in Schwiebus (Świebodzin), Brandenburg Province of Prussia. While attending the University of Halle, he studied physics under Friedrich Ernst Dorn.
Repeating the cosmic ray experiments of Victor Hess, in 1913-14 Kolhörster ascended by balloon to an altitude of 9 km, where he confirmed Hess' result that the ionization rate from cosmic rays was greater at that altitude than at sea level. This was evidence that the source for these ionizing rays came from above the Earth's atmosphere.
Kolhörster continued his physics studies at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin, beginning in 1914. During World War I he made measurements of atmospheric electricity in Turkey. Following the war he became a teacher. He joined the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in 1922.
In 1928–29, Walter Bothe and Kolhörster used the Geiger-Muller detector to demonstrate that cosmic rays were actually charged particles. The ability of these particles to penetrate the Earth's atmosphere meant that they must be highly energetic.
In 1930, Kolhörster started the first institute for the study of cosmic rays in Potsdam, with financial assistance from the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He became director of the Institut für Hohenstrahlungsforschung in Berlin-Dahlem in 1935, where he was appointed an ordinary professor.
Kolhörster was killed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positively%20separated%20sets | In mathematics, two non-empty subsets A and B of a given metric space (X, d) are said to be positively separated if the infimum
(Some authors also specify that A and B should be disjoint sets; however, this adds nothing to the definition, since if A and B have some common point p, then d(p, p) = 0, and so the infimum above is clearly 0 in that case.)
For example, on the real line with the usual distance, the open intervals (0, 2) and (3, 4) are positively separated, while (3, 4) and (4, 5) are not. In two dimensions, the graph of y = 1/x for x > 0 and the x-axis are not positively separated.
References
Metric geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20outer%20measure | In mathematics, a metric outer measure is an outer measure μ defined on the subsets of a given metric space (X, d) such that
for every pair of positively separated subsets A and B of X.
Construction of metric outer measures
Let τ : Σ → [0, +∞] be a set function defined on a class Σ of subsets of X containing the empty set ∅, such that τ(∅) = 0. One can show that the set function μ defined by
where
is not only an outer measure, but in fact a metric outer measure as well. (Some authors prefer to take a supremum over δ > 0 rather than a limit as δ → 0; the two give the same result, since μδ(E) increases as δ decreases.)
For the function τ one can use
where s is a positive constant; this τ is defined on the power set of all subsets of X. By Carathéodory's extension theorem, the outer measure can be promoted to a full measure; the associated measure μ is the s-dimensional Hausdorff measure. More generally, one could use any so-called dimension function.
This construction is very important in fractal geometry, since this is how the Hausdorff measure is obtained. The packing measure is superficially similar, but is obtained in a different manner, by packing balls inside a set, rather than covering the set.
Properties of metric outer measures
Let μ be a metric outer measure on a metric space (X, d).
For any sequence of subsets An, n ∈ N, of X with
and such that An and A \ An+1 are positively separated, it follows that
All the d-closed subsets E of X are μ-measurab |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Paris%20%28mathematician%29 | Jeffrey Bruce Paris (; born 15 November 1944) is a British mathematician and Professor of Logic in the School of Mathematics at the University of Manchester.
Education
Paris gained his doctorate supervised by Robin Gandy at Manchester in 1969 with a dissertation on Large Cardinals and the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis.
Research and career
Paris is known for his work on mathematical logic, in particular provability in arithmetic, uncertain reasoning and inductive logic with an emphasis on rationality and common sense principles.
Awards and honours
Paris was awarded the Whitehead Prize in 1983 and elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1999.
Personal life
Paris was married to Malvyn Loraine Blackburn until 1983 when he married Alena Vencovská. He has three sons and three daughters including runner Jasmin Paris.
References
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
British logicians
Living people
Academics of the University of Manchester
Fellows of the British Academy
Whitehead Prize winners
1944 births
Alumni of the University of Manchester |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryophorus | A cryophorus is a glass container containing liquid water and water vapor. It is used in physics courses to demonstrate rapid freezing by evaporation. A typical cryophorus has a bulb at one end connected to a tube of the same material. When the liquid water is manipulated into the bulbed end and the other end is submerged into a freezing mixture (such as liquid nitrogen), the gas pressure drops as it is cooled. The liquid water begins to evaporate, producing more water vapor. Evaporation causes the water to cool rapidly to its freezing point and it solidifies suddenly.
Wollaston's cryophorus was a precursor to the modern heat pipe.
History
The cryophorus was first described by William Hyde Wollaston in an 1813 paper titled, "On a method of freezing at a distance."
References
Notes
Laboratory glassware
Phase transitions
Physics education
Thermodynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit%20curve | In mathematics, an implicit curve is a plane curve defined by an implicit equation relating two coordinate variables, commonly x and y. For example, the unit circle is defined by the implicit equation . In general, every implicit curve is defined by an equation of the form
for some function F of two variables. Hence an implicit curve can be considered as the set of zeros of a function of two variables. Implicit means that the equation is not expressed as a solution for either x in terms of y or vice versa.
If is a polynomial in two variables, the corresponding curve is called an algebraic curve, and specific methods are available for studying it.
Plane curves can be represented in Cartesian coordinates (x, y coordinates) by any of three methods, one of which is the implicit equation given above. The graph of a function is usually described by an equation in which the functional form is explicitly stated; this is called an explicit representation. The third essential description of a curve is the parametric one, where the x- and y-coordinates of curve points are represented by
two functions both of whose functional forms are explicitly stated, and which are dependent on a common parameter
Examples of implicit curves include:
a line:
a circle:
the semicubical parabola:
Cassini ovals (see diagram),
(see diagram).
The first four examples are algebraic curves, but the last one is not algebraic. The first three examples possess simple parametric representati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mims | Mims or MIMS may refer to:
Education
Manchester Institute for Mathematical Sciences, School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, England
Mandarin Immersion Magnet School, Houston, Texas, United States
Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India
MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, near Hyderabad, Telengana, India
People
In politics
John Mims (1815–1856), mayor of Atlanta, Georgia, US
Livingston Mims (1833–1906), later mayor of Atlanta, Georgia
Sam Mims V (born 1972), of the Mississippi House of Representatives
Sam Mims Jr. (1880-1946), Mississippi state senator
William C. Mims (born 1957), Virginia judge, state senator and attorney general
Mims Davies (born 1975), British member of Parliament
In sport
David Mims (offensive tackle) (born 1988), American football player
David Mims (wide receiver) (born 1970), American football player
Denzel Mims (born 1997), American football wide receiver
Donna Mae Mims (1927–2009), American racecar driver
Jordan Mims (born 1999), American football player
Marvin Mims (born 2002), American football player
Ralph Mims (born 1985), American basketball player
Other people
D. Jeffrey Mims, American artist
Edwin Mims (1872–1959), American professor of English literature
Forrest Mims (born 1944), American amateur scientist and author
William Mims (1927–1991), American actor
Other uses
Mims, Florida, United States
Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry
Monthly Index of Medical Specialities, a guide to pharmaceuti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal%20%28phylogenetics%29 | In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa.
While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, species diversity, or both. If C is a basal clade within D that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within D, C may be described as the basal taxon of that rank within D. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given case predicable, so ancestral characters should not be imputed to the members of a less species-rich basal clade without additional evidence.
In general, clade A is more basal than clade B if B is a subgroup of the sister group of A or of A itself. Within large groups, "basal" may be used loosely to mean 'closer to the root than the great majority of', and in this context terminology such as "very basal" may arise. A 'core clade' is a clade representing all but the basal clade(s) of lowest rank within a larger clade; e.g., core eudicots. Of course, no extant taxon is closer to the root than an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimerase%20and%20racemase | Epimerases and racemases are isomerase enzymes that catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry in biological molecules.
Racemases catalyze the stereochemical inversion around the asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of asymmetry. Epimerases catalyze the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry, thus interconverting epimers.
Human epimerases include methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, involved in the metabolic breakdown of the amino acids alanine, isoleucine, methionine and valine, and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, which is used in the final step of galactose metabolism - catalyzing the reversible conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose.
See also
Galactose epimerase deficiency
References
External links
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/racemase
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epimerase
Isomerases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20decision%20tree | An alternating decision tree (ADTree) is a machine learning method for classification. It generalizes decision trees and has connections to boosting.
An ADTree consists of an alternation of decision nodes, which specify a predicate condition, and prediction nodes, which contain a single number. An instance is classified by an ADTree by following all paths for which all decision nodes are true, and summing any prediction nodes that are traversed.
History
ADTrees were introduced by Yoav Freund and Llew Mason. However, the algorithm as presented had several typographical errors. Clarifications and optimizations were later presented by Bernhard Pfahringer, Geoffrey Holmes and Richard Kirkby. Implementations are available in Weka and JBoost.
Motivation
Original boosting algorithms typically used either decision stumps
or decision trees as weak hypotheses. As an example, boosting decision stumps creates
a set of weighted decision stumps (where
is the number of boosting iterations), which then vote on the final classification according to their weights. Individual decision stumps are weighted according to their ability to classify the data.
Boosting a simple learner results in an unstructured set of hypotheses, making it difficult to infer correlations between attributes. Alternating decision trees introduce structure to the set of hypotheses by requiring that they build off a hypothesis that was produced in an earlier iteration. The resulting set of hypotheses can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylosuccinate%20synthase | In molecular biology, adenylosuccinate synthase (or adenylosuccinate synthetase) () is an enzyme that plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, by catalysing the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and aspartic acid to guanosine diphosphate (GDP), phosphate and N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP. Adenylosuccinate synthetase has been characterised from various sources ranging from Escherichia coli (gene purA) to vertebrate tissues. In vertebrates, two isozymes are present: one involved in purine biosynthesis and the other in the purine nucleotide cycle.
Structure
The crystal structure of adenylosuccinate synthetase from E. coli reveals that the dominant structural element of each monomer of the homodimer is a central beta-sheet of 10 strands. The first nine strands of the sheet are mutually parallel with right-handed crossover connections between the strands. The 10th strand is antiparallel with respect to the first nine strands. In addition, the enzyme has two antiparallel beta-sheets, composed of two strands and three strands each, 11 alpha-helices and two short 310-helices. Further, it has been suggested that the similarities in the GTP-binding domains of the synthetase and the p21ras protein are an example of convergent evolution of two distinct families of GTP-binding proteins. Structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Triticum aestivum and Arabidopsis thaliana when compared with the known structures from E. coli reve |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence%20Dwight%20Smith | Laurence Dwight Smith (1895-1952) was an American author specializing in crime fiction and cryptography.
Early life and education
Smith was born in Detroit, Michigan on January 24, 1895. After completing preparatory school at the Phillips Academy in 1914, he attended Yale College and, after graduating, took a job with the Winchester Repeating Arms Company in New Haven, Connecticut as a machinist. He married Kathryn Marsh of New York City in August 1917, and in January 1918 he enlisted in the U.S. Army. Having been promoted to sergent in the Corps of Intelligence Police during World War I, he was discharged after the war in September 1919 at the age of 24.
Works
Fiction
Death is thy neighbour, 1938
Girl Hunt Red Arrow Books, 1939
The G-Men Smash the Professor's Gang, Illustrated by Robb Beebe, 1936, Grosset & Dunlap
The G Men in Jeopardy. Illustrated by Milton Marx. 1938. Grosset & Dunlap.
The G-Men trap the Spy Ring Illustrated by Paul Laune. 1939. Grosset & Dunlap
Mystery of the Yellow Tie, 1939
Hiram and other Cats, Grosset & Dunlap, 1941
Adirondack Adventure, 1945
Reunion, Samuel Curl Inc, 1946
Non-fiction
Cryptography - the science of secret writing, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1943 (US); George Allen and Unwin, London, 1944 (UK)
Hooked - Narcotics: America's Peril, with Rafael de Soto, 1953
Cryptography W.W Norton and Co, 1971
Counterfeiting - crime against the people, 1944
References
American crime fiction writers
Cryptography books
America |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alar%20Toomre | Alar Toomre (born 5 February 1937, in Rakvere) is an American astronomer and mathematician. He is a professor of applied mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Toomre's research is focused on the dynamics of galaxies. He is a 1984 MacArthur Fellow.
Career
Following the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1944, Toomre and his family fled to Germany; they emigrated to the United States in 1949. He received an undergraduate degree in Aeronautical Engineering and Physics from MIT in 1957 and then studied at the University of Manchester on a Marshall Scholarship where he obtained a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics.
Toomre returned to MIT to teach after completing his Ph.D. and remained there for two years. After spending a year at the Institute for Advanced Study, he returned again to MIT as part of the faculty, where he stayed. Toomre was appointed an Associate Professor of Mathematics at MIT in 1965, and Professor in 1970.
Scientific accomplishments
In 1964, Toomre devised a local gravitational stability criterion for differentially rotating disks. It is known as the Toomre stability criterion, which is usually measured by a parameter denoted as Q. The Q parameter measures the relative
importance of vorticity and internal velocity dispersion (large values of which stabilise) versus the disk surface density (large values of which destabilise). The parameter is constructed so that Q<1 implies instability.
Toomre collaborated with Peter Goldreich in 1969 on the s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonically%20normal%20space | In mathematics, specifically in the field of topology, a monotonically normal space is a particular kind of normal space, defined in terms of a monotone normality operator. It satisfies some interesting properties; for example metric spaces and linearly ordered spaces are monotonically normal, and every monotonically normal space is hereditarily normal.
Definition
A topological space is called monotonically normal if it satisfies any of the following equivalent definitions:
Definition 1
The space is T1 and there is a function that assigns to each ordered pair of disjoint closed sets in an open set such that:
(i) ;
(ii) whenever and .
Condition (i) says is a normal space, as witnessed by the function .
Condition (ii) says that varies in a monotone fashion, hence the terminology monotonically normal.
The operator is called a monotone normality operator.
One can always choose to satisfy the property
,
by replacing each by .
Definition 2
The space is T1 and there is a function that assigns to each ordered pair of separated sets in (that is, such that ) an open set satisfying the same conditions (i) and (ii) of Definition 1.
Definition 3
The space is T1 and there is a function that assigns to each pair with open in and an open set such that:
(i) ;
(ii) if , then or .
Such a function automatically satisfies
.
(Reason: Suppose . Since is T1, there is an open neighborhood of such that . By condition (ii), , that is, is a neighborhood of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISEB%20%28disambiguation%29 | ISEB may stand for:
Information Systems Examination Board, former name of the examination awarding body of the British Computer Society
Independent Schools Examinations Board, UK body that sets the Common Entrance Examination
International Symposium On Environmental Biogeochemistry, presenters of the Wolf Vishniac Memorial Award for Young Researchers
Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Building, former name of the Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex at Northeastern University |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Joseph | James Jay Joseph (born April 13, 1959) is an American clinical psychologist and author. He practices psychology in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is known for his criticisms of behavior genetics and twin studies in psychology and psychiatry. His view, as he articulated in his 2003 book The Gene Illusion, is that such research is so flawed as to render all of its results completely meaningless.
Biography
Joseph received his undergraduate education from the University of California, Berkeley. He went on to receive his master's degree from the New College of California in 1994 and his Psy.D from the California School of Professional Psychology in 2000. He received his license to practice psychology in California in 2003. In 2014 he published The Trouble with Twin Studies, which argued that research based on twin studies was highly flawed and could not be used to prove heritability of traits, as they fail to adequately control for environmental factors, as well as accusations of ethics violations in research practices. The book was negatively reviewed by psychologist Eric Turkheimer, who argued twin study research was valid.
Books
The Gene Illusion (Algora, 2004)
The Missing Gene (Algora, 2006)
The Trouble with Twin Studies (Routledge, 2015)
Schizophrenia and Genetics (Routledge, 2023)
References
Further reading
External links
1959 births
Living people
American clinical psychologists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
New College of California alumni
California Schoo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Fox | Leslie Fox (30 September 1918 – 1 August 1992) was a British mathematician noted for his contribution to numerical analysis.
Overview
Fox studied mathematics as a scholar of Christ Church, Oxford graduating with a first in 1939 and continued to undertake research in the engineering department. While working on his D.Phil. in computational and engineering mathematics under the supervision of Sir Richard Southwell he was also engaged in highly secret war work. He worked on the numerical solution of partial differential equations at a time when numerical linear algebra was performed on a desk calculator. Computational efficiency and accuracy was thus even more important than in the days of electronic computers. Some of this work was published after the end of the Second World War jointly with his supervisor Richard Southwell.
On gaining his doctorate in 1942, Fox joined the Admiralty Computing service. Following World War II in 1945, he went to work in the mathematics division of the National Physical Laboratory. He left the National Physical Laboratory in 1956 and spent a year at the University of California. In 1957 Fox took up an appointment at Oxford University where he set up the Oxford University Computing Laboratory. In 1963, Fox was appointed as Professor of Numerical Analysis at Oxford and Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford.
Fox's laboratory at Oxford was one of the founding organisations of the Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG), and Fox was also a dedicated supporter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Buford%20Price | Paul Buford Price (1932 – 2021), usually known as P. Buford Price, was a professor in the graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. His work had been wide-ranging over his career, but began with the study of physics and included cosmic rays, astrophysics, nuclear physics, glaciology, climatology, biology in extreme environments, and origins of life. He was born November 8, 1932 in Memphis, TN and died December 28, 2021.
Biography
In the early part of his career, he codeveloped techniques to record the motions of energetic charged particles in solids, in particular plastics.
The technique involves the fact that ionizing particles that traverse materials such as Lexan plastic break chemical bonds, weakening the material along the path of the particle. By placing the material in a dissolving solution such as caustic sodium hydroxide, the damage can be dissolved away ["etched"], revealing the ionization damage. The greater the damage, the faster is the etching. The technique has been used in a number of applications. On the one hand, inspection of the tracks is a valuable tool in determining properties of charged particles as e.g. cosmic rays. On the other hand, the number of such tracks in natural glasses and minerals can be used for fission track dating of the substance.
A more practical application is the creation of nucleopore filters, widely used in microbiology. To create nucleopore filters, the tec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Cashmore | Roger John Cashmore (born 22 August 1944) is the chair of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Previously he was principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, and professor of experimental physics at the University of Oxford.
His interests include the origin of the masses of particles and the Higgs boson.
Education
Cashmore was educated at Dudley Boys Grammar School, St John's College, Cambridge (BA 1965, MA), Balliol College, Oxford, and University College, Oxford (DPhil 1969, Weir Junior Research Fellow, 1851 Research Fellow). His doctoral thesis was entitled A study of inelastic pion-proton interactions in the range 600–800 MeV/c.
Academic career
He was a research associate at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 1969–74. Returning to Oxford he was a research officer (1974–78), teaching lecturer at Christ Church (1976–78), senior research fellow at Merton (1977–79), and fellow and tutor at Balliol and university lecturer in physics (1979–90). He was appointed reader in experimental physics in 1990 and professor of experimental physics in 1991. He was also head of particle and nuclear physics 1991–96 and chair of the Department of Physics 1997–99. He was appointed principal of Brasenose from 2002 onwards. Cashmore also served as director of research and deputy director general at Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire (CERN) from 1999 to 2004. During his term, several agreements took place with China's and Pakistan's to be of the most important. In 2002 he b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Haas | Fritz Haas (January 4, 1886 – December 26, 1969 in Hollywood, Florida) was a Jewish German zoologist born in Frankfurt am Main. He specialized in the field of malacology.
He was trained in biology by herpetologist Oskar Boettger (1844–1910) and malacologist Wilhelm Kobelt (1840–1916). From 1911 to 1936, he was a curator of invertebrate zoology at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main. On June 30, 1936, the Nazis removed him from his position at the Senckenberg Museum. Fleeing Germany, Haas was appointed as the first curator of the new department of lower invertebrates (now the Division of Invertebrates) at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, a position he retained until 1959. He identified and cataloged specimens that had lain unexamnied since the 1893 World Columbian Exposition, starting to build the museum's now world-class collection of aquatic invertebrates.
Haas' specialty involved the study of land and freshwater snails, as well as research of the family Unionidae (freshwater mussels). He performed extensive field investigations in Norway (1910), Pyrenees, Spain, France (1914–19), southern Africa (1931–32; as part of the Hans Schomburgk expedition) and the Americas (Brazil, Bermuda, Cuba, Canada).
Among his better known written works was a 1969 monograph titled Superfamilia Unionacea. He is credited with combining over 4000 names from the family Unionidae into 837 recognized species.
Malacological bibliography with 319 entries and 77 generic names |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Sydney%20Nyholm | Sir Ronald Sydney Nyholm (29 January 1917 – 4 December 1971) was an Australian chemist who was a leading figure in inorganic chemistry in the 1950s and 1960s.
Education
Born on 29 January 1917 as the fourth in a family of six children. Nyholm's father, Eric Edward Nyholm (1878–1932) was a railway guard. Nyholm's paternal grandfather, Erik Nyholm (1850–1887) was a coppersmith born in Nykarleby in the Swedish-speaking part of Finland, who migrated to Adelaide in 1873. Ronald Nyholm valued his Finnish roots and was particularly proud in his election in 1959 as Corresponding Member of the Finnish Chemical Society.
Hailing from the small mining town of Broken Hill, New South Wales, he was early exposed to the role of inorganic chemistry. He attended Burke Ward Public School and Broken Hill High School. Nyholm married Maureen Richardson of Epping, a suburb of Sydney, NSW, at the parish church in Kensington, London on 6 August 1948.
After graduating from Broken Hill High School, he attended the University of Sydney (BSc, 1938; MSc, 1942) and then University College London (PhD, 1950, supervised by Sir Christopher Ingold; D.Sc., 1953). On graduation Nyholm became a High School teacher – a contractual requirement of his scholarship to university.
Independent career
He then joined the Eveready Battery Co as a chemist where he was frustrated that his work to make longer lasting batteries was not well received by the marketing department. He then returned to teaching but now i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20Kent%20Dybvig | R. Kent Dybvig is a professor emeritus of computer science at Indiana University Bloomington, in Bloomington, Indiana. His research focuses on programming languages, and he is the principal developer of the optimizing Chez Scheme compiler and runtime system which were initially released in 1985. Together with Daniel P. Friedman, he has long advocated the use of the Scheme language in teaching computer science. He retired from Indiana University to join Cisco in 2011.
For his contributions to both the practical and theoretical aspects of computing and information technology, in particular his design and development of Chez Scheme, the Association for Computing Machinery named Dybvig a Distinguished Member in 2006, the first year the association awarded distinguished ranks.
Books
References
External links
Indiana University faculty
Programming language researchers
Living people
Distinguished Members of the ACM
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C2-Bis%28dimethylarsino%29benzene | 1,2-Bis(dimethylarsino)benzene (diars) is the organoarsenic compound with the formula CH(As(CH)). The molecule consists of two dimethylarsino groups attached to adjacent carbon centers of a benzene ring. It is a chelating ligand in coordination chemistry. This colourless oil is commonly abbreviated "diars."
Coordination chemistry
Related, but non-chelating organoarsenic ligands include triphenylarsine and trimethylarsine. Work on diars preceded the development of the chelating diphosphine ligands such as dppe, which are now prevalent in homogeneous catalysis.
Diars is a bidentate ligand used in coordination chemistry. It was first described in 1939, but was popularized by R. S. Nyholm for its ability to stabilize metal complexes with unusual oxidation states and coordination numbers, e.g. TiCl(diars). High coordination numbers arise because diars is fairly compact and the As-M bonds are long, which relieves crowding at the metal center. In terms of stabilizing unusual oxidation states, diars stabilizes Ni(III), as in [NiCl(diars)]Cl.
Of historical interest is the supposedly diamagnetic [Ni(diars)](ClO), obtained by heating nickel perchlorate with diars. Octahedral d complexes characteristically have triplet ground states, so the diamagnetism of this complex was puzzling. Later by X-ray crystallography, the complex was shown to be pentacoordinate with the formula [Ni(triars)(diars)](ClO), where triars is the tridentate ligand [CHAs(CH)]As(CH), arising from the eliminatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocard%27s%20problem | Brocard's problem is a problem in mathematics that seeks integer values of such that is a perfect square, where is the factorial. Only three values of are known — 4, 5, 7 — and it is not known whether there are any more.
More formally, it seeks pairs of integers and such thatThe problem was posed by Henri Brocard in a pair of articles in 1876 and 1885, and independently in 1913 by Srinivasa Ramanujan.
Brown numbers
Pairs of the numbers that solve Brocard's problem were named Brown numbers by Clifford A. Pickover in his 1995 book Keys to Infinity, after learning of the problem from Kevin S. Brown. As of October 2022, there are only three known pairs of Brown numbers:
based on the equalities
Paul Erdős conjectured that no other solutions exist. Computational searches up to one quadrillion have found no further solutions.
Connection to the abc conjecture
It would follow from the abc conjecture that there are only finitely many Brown numbers.
More generally, it would also follow from the abc conjecture that
has only finitely many solutions, for any given integer , and that
has only finitely many integer solutions, for any given polynomial of degree at least 2 with integer coefficients.
References
Further reading
External links
Diophantine equations
Srinivasa Ramanujan
Unsolved problems in number theory
Factorial and binomial topics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrepancy | Discrepancy may refer to:
Mathematics
Discrepancy of a sequence
Discrepancy theory in structural modelling
Discrepancy of hypergraphs, an area of discrepancy theory
Discrepancy (algebraic geometry)
Statistics
Discrepancy function in the context of structural equation models
Deviance (statistics)
Deviation (statistics)
Divergence (statistics)
See also
Deviance (disambiguation)
Deviation (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20and%20Planetary%20Science%20Conference | The Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC), jointly sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) and NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), brings together international specialists in petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geology, and astronomy to present the latest results of research in planetary science. Since its beginning in 1970, the LPSC has been a significant focal point for planetary science research, with more than 2000 planetary scientists and students attending from all over the world.
History
In a speech delivered at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) in Houston, Texas in March 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson announced the formation of the Lunar Science Institute (LSI). The creation of the LSI was the culmination of meetings and events involving the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Academy of Sciences, Universities Research Association, and several major universities. Initially operated by the National Academy of Sciences, the Universities Space Research Association took over the management of the Lunar Science Institute on December 11, 1969.
A program of visiting university-based scientists was established, the first symposium was organized, and the first lecture of the LSI seminar series was presented. The first science conference, known as the Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference, was held in Houston from January 5–8, 1970. During the early days of the Apollo Program, meetings focused on the study of the lunar samples. In |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20the%20Isle%20of%20Man | The Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland, has been home to various notable people, including the following who were either born or raised on the island or moved there at some point.
Born on the island
Academics
Martin Bridson, FRS (born 1964), Whitehead Professor of Pure Mathematics at Oxford University, Head of the Clay Mathematics Institute.
Edward Forbes, FRS (1815 - 1854), Manx naturalist, mentor to Thomas Henry Huxley, and first Manx Fellow of The Royal Society
Actors
Samantha Barks (born 1990)
Jamie Blackley (born 1991)
Amy Jackson (born 1991)
Harry Korris (1891–1971)
Dursley McLinden (19651995)
Geraldine Somerville (born 1967)
Joe Locke (born 2003)
Artists
Howard Grey (born 1942), Advertising Photographer. Known for his early Windrush photographs !962
Rayner Hoff (1894–1937), sculptor, known for his architectural sculptures of war memorials in Australia.
William Hoggatt (1879–1961), artist who moved to the Isle of Man in 1907
Bryan Kneale RA (born 1930), sculptor, known for teaching art in London and his works are exhibited in many countries around the world.
Archibald Knox (1864–1933), art nouveau designer, known for his Celtic art and Liberty of London work.
Paul Lewthwaite (born 1969), sculptor, an elected Fellow of the Royal British Society of Sculptors.
Toni Onley (1928–2004), painter, born on the Isle of Man and moved to Canada in 1948.
Chris Killip (1946-2020), photographer, known for works exhibited around the world, including In |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20organic%20chemistry | Physical organic chemistry, a term coined by Louis Hammett in 1940, refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity. Such studies provide theoretical and practical frameworks to understand how changes in structure in solution or solid-state contexts impact reaction mechanism and rate for each organic reaction of interest.
Application
Physical organic chemists use theoretical and experimental approaches work to understand these foundational problems in organic chemistry, including classical and statistical thermodynamic calculations, quantum mechanical theory and computational chemistry, as well as experimental spectroscopy (e.g., NMR), spectrometry (e.g., MS), and crystallography approaches. The field therefore has applications to a wide variety of more specialized fields, including electro- and photochemistry, polymer and supramolecular chemistry, and bioorganic chemistry, enzymology, and chemical biology, as well as to commercial enterprises involving process chemistry, chemical engineering, materi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl%20Vandekerckhove | Joël Vandekerckhove is a Belgian molecular biologist and professor at the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium). He is head of the VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, UGent.
His research department works on functional proteomics: development and applications, molecular cell biology and biochemistry of the actin cytoskeleton, cell biology and biochemistry of the actin cytoskeleton, cytokine signalling, and molecular and metabolic signalling.
Research at the department lead to the university spin off biotech company Peakadilly.
Sources
Department of Medical Protein Research
Proteomics and Bioinformatics Group
Joël Vandekerckhove
Belgian molecular biologists
Flemish scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Christophe%20Marine | Jean-Christophe Marine (age 50, born 5 October 1968) is a Belgian molecular biologist and researcher at CME (Center of Human Genetics) Ku-Leuven (Belgium). He is head of the VIB Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology. His research interest is in the identification and characterization of cancer growth modulators, such as p53.
He obtained a PhD from the University of Liège (Liège, Belgium) in 1996. He did a Postdoc at St Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, United States from 1996 until 1999 and at the European Institute of Oncology (IEO) in Milan, Italy from 2000 until 2002. He was of the FNRS, Brussels, Belgium from 2002 until 2004. He is VIB Group leader since 2004 and was EMBO Young Investigator in 2006.
References
Sources
https://web.archive.org/web/20100817011029/http://med.kuleuven.be/cme/
Academic staff of KU Leuven
Belgian molecular biologists
University of Liège alumni
Living people
Academic staff of Ghent University
1968 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Callaerts | Patrick Callaerts is a Belgian molecular biologist and researcher at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). He is head of the VIB Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven.
Patrick Callaerts obtained a PhD from the KU Leuven in 1992. He did a Postdoc at the Biozentrum of University of Basel in Switzerland from 1992 until 1997. He was assistant professor at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas United States from 1997 until 2003 and 2004 until 2004. He is VIB Group leader since 2004.
His research interest is on gene circuits in Drosophila melanogaster involved in brain development as models for human neurodevelopmental disorders, ranging from transcription factors to effector genes and signaling pathways.
Visit the webpage of the Callaerts lab: https://gbiomed.kuleuven.be/english/research/50000622/50525538/
References
Halder G, Callaerts P, Gehring WJ, Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila, Science 267, 1788–1792, 1995
Sources
VIB Laboratory of Developmental Genetics
Academic staff of KU Leuven
Belgian molecular biologists
KU Leuven alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Thevelein | Johan Thevelein is a Belgian molecular biologist and professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). He is head of the VIB Department of Molecular Biology, KU Leuven.
Johan Thevelein obtained a PhD from the KU Leuven in 1981. He did a Postdoc at Yale University in Connecticut, United States from 1982 until 1983, and he is the Scientific Director of the VIB Department of Molecular Microbiology since 2002.
From 2015 to 2018 he was also the Chief Scientific Officer at GlobalYeast, a spin of company that will develop and deliver superior industrial strains.
His research interest is on the molecular genetics and biochemistry of nutrient-sensing and -signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast).
References
Sources
VIB Department of Molecular Microbiology
Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology
Johan Thevelein
Flemish scientists
Belgian molecular biologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Naslain | Prof. Roger R. Naslain (born 20 November 1936) is French chemical and physical scientist. He has been a professor at the University of Bordeaux 1 since 1969.
Professor Naslain received his master's degree in chemical and physical sciences from the University of Rennes and his doctoral degree in chemistry from the University of Bordeaux. He then did a postdoctoral work at the General Electric R&D Center. Dr. Naslain is the author or co-author of more than 300 papers, co-author of 17 patents, and editor or co-editor of eight books on composite materials and four special issues of scientific journals devoted to ceramic-matrix composites.
He was the first Director of the Institute for Composite Materials (IMC), an organization created to promote technology transfer from the aerospace industry to small companies and to deliver continuing education in the field of composites. Professor Naslain was for 15 years the Director of the Laboratory for Thermostructural Composites (LCTS), which was established to conduct fundamental and applied research on ceramic-matrix composites. The research at the LCTS focuses on ceramic fibers, the interphase/interface, processing, mechanical behavior, and environmental effects.
Subsequent work
Professor Naslain and his colleagues designed and experimentally validated the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process, a technique to manufacture large parts from C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites for aerospace applications. In 1977, he and his team were prob |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20G.%20Ashmore | Professor Philip George Ashmore, known as Sandy Ashmore, (5 May 1916 – 25 March 2002) was an English academic chemist and the first Professor of Physical Chemistry at UMIST, Manchester.
Background and education
The son of a schoolmaster who later became headmaster of Derby School, Ashmore was educated at Derby School and then from 1934 at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. As an undergraduate, he held a scholarship, played soccer for Cambridge University and hockey for Cambridgeshire, was in his college's cricket First XI and crowned his first four years with a double first in the Natural Science tripos. For two years (1938–1940) he stayed at Cambridge as a research chemist, but this was interrupted by the Second World War.
War service
From 1940 to 1945, Ashmore served in the Royal Air Force, rising to the rank of Squadron Leader. His work was in training fighter pilots.
Career
In 1945 he returned to Cambridge to complete his degree of Doctor of philosophy, then became a Fellow of Emmanuel College and its Director of Studies and a Cambridge University lecturer in Physical Chemistry. When the new Churchill College, Cambridge was founded in 1959 he became one of its first Fellows and was Fellow and Tutor to Advanced Students there, 1959 to 1963.
In 1963 he moved to Manchester as the first Professor of Physical Chemistry at UMIST, from which he retired in 1981. He was also Vice-Principal (Academic Affairs) at UMIST from 1973.
From 1981 to 1985, he was a course consultant to the O |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compartment | Compartment may refer to:
Biology
Compartment (anatomy), a space of connective tissue between muscles
Compartment (chemistry), in which different parts of the same protein molecule serve different functions
Compartment (development), fields of cells of distinct cell lineage, cell affinity, and genetic identity
Compartment (pharmacokinetics), a defined and distinct volume of body fluids
Cellular compartment, a closed part within a cell, surrounded by a membrane
Other uses
Compartment coach, a railway car divided into separate areas or compartments, with no means of moving between them
Compartment (ship), subdivision of the space within a ship
Compartment (heraldry), the part of a coat of arms design which appears immediately below the shield
Multi-compartment model, a type of mathematical model
"Compartments", a song and album by José Feliciano
Hidden compartment
See also
Compartmentalization (disambiguation)
Apartment
Division (disambiguation)
Section (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20participants%20in%20the%20Evolving%20Genes%20and%20Proteins%20symposium | This is a list of scientists who participated in the 1964 Evolving Genes and Proteins symposium, a landmark event in the history of molecular evolution. The symposium, supported by the National Science Foundation, took place on September 17 and September 18, 1964 at the Institute of Microbiology of Rutgers University. A summary of the proceedings was published in Science, and the full proceedings were edited by Vernon Bryson and Henry J. Vogel and published in 1965.
References
Biology-related lists
Evolution
History of evolutionary biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Ginsberg | Donald Maurice Ginsberg (November 19, 1933 – May 7, 2007) was an American physicist and expert on superconductors.
Born in Chicago, Ginsberg attended the University of Chicago, earning a Bachelor of Arts in 1952, a Bachelor of Science in 1955, and a Master of Science in 1956. He then earned his doctorate in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1960. He taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1959 to 1996 and in 1998 he won the American Physical Society's Oliver E. Buckley Prize for his work on high temperature superconductivity. This is the highest award in condensed matter physics and a great honor for humble Ginsberg. One of Ginsberg's greatest achievements was creating yttrium-barium-copper-oxide samples; at the time these were universally recognized as the world's finest samples of yttrium-barium-copper-oxide. Ginsberg shared his samples with the worldwide scientific community freely.
Achievements
Ginsberg is noted for growing purified metallic crystalline compounds called YBCO. During the 1990s Ginsberg edited and contributed to the five-volume book titled The Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors. Ginsberg was accepted into the American Physical Society and won the following awards; Sloan Foundation Fellowship, the Daniel C. Drucker Tau Beta Pi Eminent Faculty Award (U. Illinois), University Scholar (U. Illinois), associate in the Center for Advanced Study (U. Illinois), and the Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsaglia%20polar%20method | The Marsaglia polar method is a pseudo-random number sampling method for generating a pair of independent standard normal random variables.
Standard normal random variables are frequently used in computer science, computational statistics, and in particular, in applications of the Monte Carlo method.
The polar method works by choosing random points (x, y) in the square −1 < x < 1, −1 < y < 1 until
and then returning the required pair of normal random variables as
or, equivalently,
where and represent the cosine and sine of the angle that the vector (x, y) makes with x axis.
Theoretical basis
The underlying theory may be summarized as follows:
If u is uniformly distributed in the interval
0 ≤ u < 1, then the point
(cos(2πu), sin(2πu))
is uniformly distributed on the unit circumference
x2 + y2 = 1, and multiplying that point by an independent
random variable ρ whose distribution is
will produce a point
whose coordinates are jointly distributed as two independent standard
normal random variables.
History
This idea dates back to Laplace, whom Gauss credits with finding the above
by taking the square root of
The transformation to polar coordinates makes evident that θ is
uniformly distributed (constant density) from 0 to 2π, and that the
radial distance r has density
(r2 has the appropriate chi square distribution.)
This method of producing a pair of independent standard normal variates by radially projecting a random point on the unit circumference to a distance |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Chatt | Joseph Chatt (6 November 1914 – 19 May 1994) was a renowned British researcher in the area of inorganic and organometallic chemistry. His name is associated with the description of the pi-bond between transition metals and alkenes, the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model.
Chatt received his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge under the direction of F. G. Mann for research on organoarsenic and organophosphorus compounds and their complexes with transition metals. He was employed at Imperial Chemical Industries from 1949 to 1962, during which time he, often in collaboration with Bernard L. Shaw, published influential work on the metal hydrides and metal alkene complexes. During this period, he reported the first example of C-H bond activation by a transition metal and one of the first examples of a transition metal hydride.
In the 1960s, Chatt moved to a professorship at the University of Sussex and subsequently assumed directorship of the Nitrogen Fixation Unit under the Agricultural Research Council. Using the transition metal dinitrogen complex W(N2)2(dppe)2, his group first demonstrated the conversion of a dinitrogen ligand into ammonia. This work provided some of the first molecular models for nitrogen fixation. Chatt authored or co-authored over 300 peer-reviewed publications.
Among his many awards, he was recognized with the 1981 Wolf Prize "for pioneering and fundamental contributions to synthetic transition metal chemistry, particularly transition metal hydrides and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone%20Mathematics | "Microphone Mathematics" is the second single by Quasimoto, the rapping alter ego of Madlib. These tracks later appeared on his debut album The Unseen. On the album, however, "Discipline 99" was split into 2 tracks. Part 0 featured "Mr. Herb," while part 1 featured Wildchild of the Lootpack.
Track listing
Side A
Microphone Mathematics
Discipline #99 (feat. The Lootpack)
Low Class Conspiracy (feat. Madlib)
Side B
Microphone Mathematics (Instrumental)
Discipline #99 (feat. The Lootpack) (Instrumental)
Low Class Conspiracy (feat. Madlib) (Instrumental)
1999 singles
1999 songs
Madlib songs
Song recordings produced by Madlib |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%20Konings | Adrianus Franciscus Johannes Marinus Maria "Ad" Konings (born 11 January 1956 in Roosendaal, Netherlands) is an ichthyologist originally trained in medicine and biology. Konings is best known for his research on African rift lake cichlids. After studies in Amsterdam, he has spent most of his life in Rotterdam.
Early life
Konings started keeping cichlids when he was 14 years old in 1970. Soon he was breeding rare African cichlids and working as an assistant to the largest tropical fish dealer in the Netherlands.
Academic studies and early career
From 1974-1980 he studied medical biology at the University of Amsterdam and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1980. He chose this field despite his love of ichthyology due to a fear that if he chose the latter field he would be unemployable. From 1980-1986. he did research on lysosomal enzymes at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. Most of this was DNA-related work (molecular biology).
In 1986, Konings moved to St. Leon-Rot, Germany (near Heidelberg), where he started to write books and breed Lake Tanganyika cichlids. He also worked for 18 months at the University of Heidelberg Parasitology Department.
As publisher and photographer
Konings and his future wife started their own publishing company, Cichlid Press, in 1991. Its first book was titled the Cichlids Yearbook, vol. 1. The business grew and now publishes a number of cichlid guidebooks by Konings and other authors; its publications are often regarded as the standard refe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirst%20for%20Romance | Thirst for Romance is the debut album by Cherry Ghost, released on 9 July 2007 in the UK. The album was made available on CD, digital download, and double vinyl LP. It was recorded at Ape Studios in Cheshire and Moolah Rouge Studios in Stockport. The first single, "Mathematics", was released on 9 April 2007; the second single "People Help the People" was released on 25 June 2007, just two weeks ahead of the album's release date; and the third single was "4 AM", released on 24 September 2007. "Roses" was an iTunes "single of the week" for the week that the album was released. Thirst for Romance was co-produced by Simon Aldred and Dan Austin. Thirst for Romance entered the UK Albums Chart at #7 upon its first week.
Jimi Goodwin of the band Doves plays drums on "People Help the People" and "Mathematics". In December 2005, when Jimi was acting as a guest host on a BBC Radio 1 show, he featured the then-up-and-coming Cherry Ghost (at the time an alias for the solo performances of Simon Aldred). Simon performed two tracks live and acoustic in the studio: "Dead Man's Suit" and "People Help the People".
Critical response
Critical response was generally positive, with Q giving the album 4 stars and Channel 4 awarding the album a full 10 out of 10 stars. However, publications such as NME and AllMusic were less than favourable; the latter declared Cherry Ghost "...yet another one of those indie rock bands..." and of the album noting "...Thirst for Romance hit number seven in its firs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20%28Cherry%20Ghost%20song%29 | "Mathematics" is the debut single from Manchester band Cherry Ghost. It was released as a digital download on March 26, 2007 and on CD and 7" vinyl on April 9, 2007. It went to #57 on the UK singles chart. "Mathematics" acquired the title "song of the week" on BBC Radio 2 in early 2007, and Zane Lowe of BBC Radio 1 declared the song "the hottest record in the world" in February 2007. Jimi Goodwin of Doves plays bass and drums on the single. The B-side "Junebug" is a Sparklehorse cover.
The song's inspiration likely stemmed from songwriter Simon Aldred's Bachelor's degree in Pure Mathematics from the University of Leeds.
Two music videos were made for the song. The first, a self-produced video featuring a man in a bird costume, was posted in late 2006. The second, featuring Simon Aldred's family home movies, appeared on Heavenly Records' website in early 2008.
Track listings
All songs written by Simon Aldred except where noted.
Promo CD (HVN167CDRP):
Released in March 2007
"Mathematics" (Edit) – 3:58
"Mathematics" (Album Version) – 4:34
CD (HVN167CD):
"Mathematics" – 4:34
"Throw Me to the Dogs" – 3:44
"I Need You" – 4:56
7" vinyl (HVN167):
"Mathematics" – 4:34
"Junebug" (Linkous) – 2:01
Digital download (UK iTunes only):
"Mathematics" – 4:34
"Throw Me to the Dogs" – 3:44
References
Heavenly Recordings singles
2007 songs
Songs written by Cherry Ghost
2007 singles
Cherry Ghost songs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission%20Hospital%20%28Mission%20Viejo%2C%20California%29 | Providence Mission Hospital is a 523-bed acute care regional medical center in Orange County, California with two campuses - one in Mission Viejo, and the second in Laguna Beach. The hospital has designated adult and pediatric Level II Trauma centers in the state of California. Mission Hospital provides cardiovascular, neuroscience and spine, orthopedics, cancer care, women's services, mental health, wellness and a variety of other specialty services. Mission Hospital in Laguna Beach (MHLB) provides South Orange County coastal communities with 24-hour emergency and intensive care as well as medical-surgical/telemetry services, orthopedics and also general and GI surgery. CHOC Children's at Mission Hospital is a 48-bed facility that is the area's only dedicated pediatric hospital. Mission Hospital is one of only 3 Hospitals in Orange County rated as a Regional Trauma Center.
History
Mission Hospital opened on August 11, 1971, with 124 patient beds, 330 employees and a medical staff of 41 physicians providing general acute care, including obstetrics, pediatrics, surgery, intensive care and emergency services. Mission Hospital is run by the non-profit Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange, California, through their Ministry.
In 1973, 89 new beds were added to accommodate growing demand. It became a designated paramedic base station.
In 1974, cardiac rehabilitation opened.
In 1976, a helipad opened.
In 1977, oncology services became available.
In 1980, it became one of the six |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marti%20G.%20Subrahmanyam | Marti G. Subrahmanyam is the Charles E. Merrill Professor of Finance at the Stern School of Business at New York University.
Biography
Professor Subrahmanyam holds a Ph.D. from the MIT Sloan School of Management, an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management and a BTech in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Madras.
He has been teaching at the Stern School of Business since 1974. He has also been a visiting professor at academic institutions around the world like the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, University of Melbourne in Australia, LUISS in Italy and Singapore Management University in Singapore.
Works
Financial Options: From Theory to Practice, Richard D Irwin, 1990. ,
Financial Risk and Derivatives, Springer, 1996. , .
Derivative Valuation & Hedging a Trade: A Trader's Perspective, John Wiley & Sons, 2002. , .
References
External links
Homepage of Marti G Subrahmanyam
Marti Subrahmanyam as Infosys Director
Living people
American economics writers
American male writers of Indian descent
American finance and investment writers
American Hindus
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
New York University faculty
American business theorists
IIT Madras alumni
Corporate finance theorists
American academics of Indian descent
American male non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension%20function | In mathematics, the notion of an (exact) dimension function (also known as a gauge function) is a tool in the study of fractals and other subsets of metric spaces. Dimension functions are a generalisation of the simple "diameter to the dimension" power law used in the construction of s-dimensional Hausdorff measure.
Motivation: s-dimensional Hausdorff measure
Consider a metric space (X, d) and a subset E of X. Given a number s ≥ 0, the s-dimensional Hausdorff measure of E, denoted μs(E), is defined by
where
μδs(E) can be thought of as an approximation to the "true" s-dimensional area/volume of E given by calculating the minimal s-dimensional area/volume of a covering of E by sets of diameter at most δ.
As a function of increasing s, μs(E) is non-increasing. In fact, for all values of s, except possibly one, Hs(E) is either 0 or +∞; this exceptional value is called the Hausdorff dimension of E, here denoted dimH(E). Intuitively speaking, μs(E) = +∞ for s < dimH(E) for the same reason as the 1-dimensional linear length of a 2-dimensional disc in the Euclidean plane is +∞; likewise, μs(E) = 0 for s > dimH(E) for the same reason as the 3-dimensional volume of a disc in the Euclidean plane is zero.
The idea of a dimension function is to use different functions of diameter than just diam(C)s for some s, and to look for the same property of the Hausdorff measure being finite and non-zero.
Definition
Let (X, d) be a metric space and E ⊆ X. Let h : [0, +∞) → [0, +∞] be a funct |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer%20L.%20Seager | Spencer L. Seager is professor of chemistry at Weber State University.
History
He received his B.S. degree in chemistry and Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Utah under the dean of science at the time, Henry Eyring; his adviser was J. Calvin Giddings.
He began teaching at WSU in 1960. He served as chemistry department chairman from 1969 to 1993.
Subjects taught
He teaches introductory, general, and physical chemistry at the university and is also active in projects to help improve chemistry and other science education in local elementary schools.
Books
Introductory Chemistry for Today
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Organic and Biochemistry for Today
Safety Scale Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Environmental Chemistry: Air and Water Pollution
Publications
"Energy, from Source to Use"
"Rapid Determination of Gaseous Diffusion Coefficients by Means of Gas Chromatography Apparatus"
"Temperature Dependence of Gas and Vapor Diffusion Coefficients"
"Plate height in coiled columns"
"Plate Height in Gas Chromatography"
"Colorimetric Determination of Low Concentrations of Primary and Secondary Alcohols"
"Rapid Diffusional Analysis by Chromatographic Methods"
"Environmental Chemistry: Air and Water Pollution"
References
University of Utah alumni
Weber State University faculty
Living people
American physical chemists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A5rding%20domain | In mathematics, a Gårding domain is a concept in the representation theory of topological groups. The concept is named after the mathematician Lars Gårding.
Let G be a topological group and let U be a strongly continuous unitary representation of G in a separable Hilbert space H. Denote by g the family of all one-parameter subgroups of G. For each δ = { δ(t) | t ∈ R } ∈ g, let U(δ) denote the self-adjoint generator of the unitary one-parameter subgroup { U(δ(t)) | t ∈ R }. A Gårding domain for U is a linear subspace of H that is U(g)- and U(δ)-invariant for all g ∈ G and δ ∈ g and is also a domain of essential self-adjointness for U
Gårding showed in 1947 that, if G is a Lie group, then a Gårding domain for U consisting of infinitely differentiable vectors exists for each continuous unitary representation of G. In 1961, Kats extended this result to arbitrary locally compact topological groups. However, these results do not extend easily to the non-locally compact case because of the lack of a Haar measure on the group. In 1996, Danilenko proved the following result for groups G that can be written as the inductive limit of an increasing sequence G1 ⊆ G2 ⊆ ... of locally compact second countable subgroups:
Let U be a strongly continuous unitary representation of G in a separable Hilbert space H. Then there exist a separable nuclear Montel space F and a continuous, bijective, linear map J : F → H such that
the dual space of F, denoted by F∗, has the structure of a separable |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitromethane%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on nitromethane.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. MSDS is available from Mallinckrodt Baker.
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.
Distillation data
Spectral data
References
Cited sources
Further reading
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor-hom%20adjunction | In mathematics, the tensor-hom adjunction is that the tensor product and hom-functor form an adjoint pair:
This is made more precise below. The order of terms in the phrase "tensor-hom adjunction" reflects their relationship: tensor is the left adjoint, while hom is the right adjoint.
General statement
Say R and S are (possibly noncommutative) rings, and consider the right module categories (an analogous statement holds for left modules):
Fix an -bimodule and define functors and as follows:
Then is left adjoint to . This means there is a natural isomorphism
This is actually an isomorphism of abelian groups. More precisely, if is an -bimodule and is a -bimodule, then this is an isomorphism of -bimodules. This is one of the motivating examples of the structure in a closed bicategory.
Counit and unit
Like all adjunctions, the tensor-hom adjunction can be described by its counit and unit natural transformations. Using the notation from the previous section, the counit
has components
given by evaluation: For
The components of the unit
are defined as follows: For in ,
is a right -module homomorphism given by
The counit and unit equations can now be explicitly verified. For in ,
is given on simple tensors of by
Likewise,
For in ,
is a right -module homomorphism defined by
and therefore
The Ext and Tor functors
The Hom functor commutes with arbitrary limits, while the tensor product functor commutes with arbitrary colimits that exist in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising%20and%20lowering%20indices | In mathematics and mathematical physics, raising and lowering indices are operations on tensors which change their type. Raising and lowering indices are a form of index manipulation in tensor expressions.
Vectors, covectors and the metric
Mathematical formulation
Mathematically vectors are elements of a vector space over a field , and for use in physics is usually defined with or . Concretely, if the dimension of is finite, then, after making a choice of basis, we can view such vector spaces as or .
The dual space is the space of linear functionals mapping . Concretely, in matrix notation these can be thought of as row vectors, which give a number when applied to column vectors. We denote this by , so that is a linear map .
Then under a choice of basis , we can view vectors as an vector with components (vectors are taken by convention to have indices up). This picks out a choice of basis for , defined by the set of relations .
For applications, raising and lowering is done using a structure known as the (pseudo-)metric tensor (the 'pseudo-' refers to the fact we allow the metric to be indefinite). Formally, this is a non-degenerate, symmetric bilinear form
In this basis, it has components , and can be viewed as a symmetric matrix in with these components. The inverse metric exists due to non-degeneracy and is denoted , and as a matrix is the inverse to .
Raising and lowering vectors and covectors
Raising and lowering is then done in coordinates. Given |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Zacharia | Thomas Zacharia (born 1957 in Kerala, India) is an Indian-born American computer scientist. He received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from National Institute of Technology, Karnataka in 1980 and a master's degree in Materials Science from the University of Mississippi in 1984. He obtained his doctoral degree from Clarkson University in 1987.
He has contributed to research in computational materials science, particularly on Marangoni Effect in solidification processes. He previously served as the executive vice president and chief port officer captain at Qatar Science & Technology Park at Qatar Foundation.
Zacharia was previously deputy director for science and technology at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and a professor at the University of Tennessee.
On June 1, 2017, UT-Battelle named Zacharia as ORNL's new laboratory director. He succeeds Thom Mason.
References
1957 births
Indian emigrants to the United States
Living people
American people of Malayali descent
Scientists from Kerala
Georgia Tech faculty
Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
University of Tennessee faculty
National Institute of Technology, Karnataka alumni
Qatar Foundation people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20current | In mathematics, more particularly in complex geometry,
algebraic geometry and complex analysis, a positive current
is a positive (n-p,n-p)-form over an n-dimensional complex manifold,
taking values in distributions.
For a formal definition, consider a manifold M.
Currents on M are (by definition)
differential forms with coefficients in distributions; integrating
over M, we may consider currents as "currents of integration",
that is, functionals
on smooth forms with compact support. This way, currents
are considered as elements in the dual space to the space
of forms with compact support.
Now, let M be a complex manifold.
The Hodge decomposition
is defined on currents, in a natural way, the (p,q)-currents being
functionals on .
A positive current is defined as a real current
of Hodge type (p,p), taking non-negative values on all positive
(p,p)-forms.
Characterization of Kähler manifolds
Using the Hahn–Banach theorem, Harvey and Lawson proved the following criterion of existence of Kähler metrics.
Theorem: Let M be a compact complex manifold. Then M does not admit a Kähler structure if and only if M admits a non-zero positive (1,1)-current which is a (1,1)-part of an exact 2-current.
Note that the de Rham differential maps 3-currents to 2-currents, hence is a differential of a 3-current; if is a current of integration of a complex curve, this means that this curve is a (1,1)-part of a boundary.
When M admits a surjective map to a Kähler manifold with 1-dimensio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Haken | Hermann Haken (born 12 July 1927) is physicist and professor emeritus in theoretical physics at the University of Stuttgart. He is known as the founder of synergetics and one of the "fathers" of quantum-mechanical laser theory. He is a cousin of the mathematician Wolfgang Haken, who proved the Four color theorem. He is a nephew of Werner Haken, a doctoral student of Max Planck.
Biography
After his studies in mathematics and physics in Halle (Saale) and Erlangen, receiving his PhD in mathematics in 1951 at the University of Erlangen and being guest lecturer at universities in the UK and US, Haken was appointed as a full professor in theoretical physics at the University of Stuttgart. His research has been in non linear optics (his specialities are laser physics, particle physics, statistical physics and group theory).
Haken developed his institute in a relatively short time to be an international centre for laser theory, starting in 1960 when Theodore Maiman built the first experimental laser. The interpretation of the laser principles as self-organization of non equilibrium systems paved the way at the end of the 1960s to the development of synergetics, of which Haken is recognized as the founder.
Haken is the author of some 23 textbooks and monographs that cover an impressive number of topics from laser physics, atomic physics, quantum field theory, to synergetics. Although Haken's early books tend to be rather mathematical, at least one of his books Light is nicely wri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goormaghtigh%20conjecture | In mathematics, the Goormaghtigh conjecture is a conjecture in number theory named for the Belgian mathematician René Goormaghtigh. The conjecture is that the only non-trivial integer solutions of the exponential Diophantine equation
satisfying and are
and
Partial results
showed that, for each pair of fixed exponents and , this equation has only finitely many solutions. But this proof depends on Siegel's finiteness theorem, which is ineffective. showed that, if and with , , and , then is bounded by an effectively computable constant depending only on and . showed that for and odd , this equation has no solution other than the two solutions given above.
Balasubramanian and Shorey proved in 1980 that there are only finitely many possible solutions to the equations with prime divisors of and lying in a given finite set and that they may be effectively computed.
showed that, for each fixed and , this equation has at most one solution.
For fixed x (or y), equation has at most 15 solutions, and at most two unless x is either odd prime power times a power of two, or in the finite set {15, 21, 30, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 65, 85, 143, 154, 713}, in which case there are at most three solutions. Furthermore, there is at most one solution if the odd part of n is squareful unless n has at most two distinct odd prime factors or n is in a finite set {315, 495, 525, 585, 630, 693, 735, 765, 855, 945, 1035, 1050, 1170, 1260, 1386, 1530, 1890, 1925, 1950, 1953, 2115, 2175, 222 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framewave | Framewave (formerly AMD Performance Library (APL)) is computer software, a high-performance optimized programming library, consisting of low level application programming interfaces (APIs) for image processing, signal processing, JPEG, and video functions. These APIs are programmed with task level parallelization (multi-threading) and instruction-level parallelism single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) for maximum performance on multi-core processors from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD).
Framewave is free and open-source software released under the Apache License version 2.0, which is compatible with the GNU General Public License 3.0.
Overview
The AMD Performance Library was developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) as a collection of popular software routines designed to accelerate application development, debugging, and optimization on x86 class processors. It includes simple arithmetic routines, and more complex functions for applications such as image and signal processing. APL is available as a static library for 32- or 64-bit versions of GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.1 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, and as a 32- or 64-bit dynamic library for the operating systems Linux, Solaris, and Windows.
In 2008, AMD deprecated the APL library in favor of an open-source derivative named Framewave.
Framewave is available as 32- and 64-bit static libraries for GCC 4.3 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, and as 32- and 64-bit dynamic libraries for the operating systems Linux, ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busemann%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Busemann's theorem is a theorem in Euclidean geometry and geometric tomography. It was first proved by Herbert Busemann in 1949 and was motivated by his theory of area in Finsler spaces.
Statement of the theorem
Let K be a convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn containing the origin in its interior. Let S be an (n − 2)-dimensional linear subspace of Rn. For each unit vector θ in S⊥, the orthogonal complement of S, let Sθ denote the (n − 1)-dimensional hyperplane containing θ and S. Define r(θ) to be the (n − 1)-dimensional volume of K ∩ Sθ. Let C be the curve {θr(θ)} in S⊥. Then C forms the boundary of a convex body in S⊥.
See also
Brunn–Minkowski inequality
Prékopa–Leindler inequality
References
Euclidean geometry
Geometric inequalities
Theorems in convex geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitale%27s%20random%20Brunn%E2%80%93Minkowski%20inequality | In mathematics, Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is a theorem due to Richard Vitale that generalizes the classical Brunn–Minkowski inequality for compact subsets of n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn to random compact sets.
Statement of the inequality
Let X be a random compact set in Rn; that is, a Borel–measurable function from some probability space (Ω, Σ, Pr) to the space of non-empty, compact subsets of Rn equipped with the Hausdorff metric. A random vector V : Ω → Rn is called a selection of X if Pr(V ∈ X) = 1. If K is a non-empty, compact subset of Rn, let
and define the set-valued expectation E[X] of X to be
Note that E[X] is a subset of Rn. In this notation, Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is that, for any random compact set X with ,
where "" denotes n-dimensional Lebesgue measure.
Relationship to the Brunn–Minkowski inequality
If X takes the values (non-empty, compact sets) K and L with probabilities 1 − λ and λ respectively, then Vitale's random Brunn–Minkowski inequality is simply the original Brunn–Minkowski inequality for compact sets.
References
Probabilistic inequalities
Theorems in measure theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20genomics | Synthetic genomics is a nascent field of synthetic biology that uses aspects of genetic modification on pre-existing life forms, or artificial gene synthesis to create new DNA or entire lifeforms.
Overview
Synthetic genomics is unlike genetic modification in the sense that it does not use naturally occurring genes in its life forms. It may make use of custom designed base pair series, though in a more expanded and presently unrealized sense synthetic genomics could utilize genetic codes that are not composed of the two base pairs of DNA that are currently used by life.
The development of synthetic genomics is related to certain recent technical abilities and technologies in the field of genetics. The ability to construct long base pair chains cheaply and accurately on a large scale has allowed researchers to perform experiments on genomes that do not exist in nature. Coupled with the developments in protein folding models and decreasing computational costs the field of synthetic genomics is beginning to enter a productive stage of vitality.
History
Researchers were able to create a synthetic organism for the first time in 2010. This breakthrough was undertaken by Synthetic Genomics, Inc., which continues to specialize in the research and commercialization of custom designed genomes. It was accomplished by synthesizing a 600 kbp genome (resembling that of Mycoplasma genitalium, save the insertion of a few watermarks) via the Gibson Assembly method and Transformation Associ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation%20%282005%20film%29 | Isolation is a 2005 Irish science fiction horror film directed and written by Billy O'Brien and produced by Film Four and Lions Gate Films.
Plot
Dan Reilly, who owns a failing farm in rural Ireland, is being paid by a bio-genetics firm to assist in some experiments to make faster-growing cattle. The firm sends Orla, a local veterinarian, to inspect the cows and ensure the experiment is running smoothly. While performing a palpation, Orla is seemingly bitten by the unborn calf. She informs John, a genetic scientist from the firm, but he dismisses her concerns. John also informs Dan of a caravan parked near his farm and reminds him that the experiment is supposed to be kept secret from the public. Dan goes out and speaks to the inhabitants, Traveller Jamie and his girlfriend Mary, and tells them they must leave by morning. That same night, one of the cows goes into a difficult labour. Dan is forced to seek Jamie's help and together, they successfully birth the calf, which bites Dan. In gratitude, Dan allows Jamie and Mary, who are on the run from her brothers who disapprove of her relationship with a Traveller, to stay on his farm.
The next day, Orla returns to inspect the calf and is shocked to find it has fangs. When Orla decides to terminate the calf, its mother aggressively comes to its defence and she is forced to kill them both. She performs a necropsy on the calf and discovers that it was somehow pregnant with six foetuses, all of which are extremely deformed and have |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion%20%28cell%29 | In cellular biology, inclusions are diverse intracellular non-living substances (ergastic substances) that are not bound by membranes. Inclusions are stored nutrients/deutoplasmic substances, secretory products, and pigment granules. Examples of inclusions are glycogen granules in the liver and muscle cells, lipid droplets in fat cells, pigment granules in certain cells of skin and hair, and crystals of various types. Cytoplasmic inclusions are an example of a biomolecular condensate arising by liquid-solid, liquid-gel or liquid-liquid phase separation.
These structures were first observed by O. F. Müller in 1786.
Examples
Glycogen: Glycogen is the most common form of glucose in animals and is especially abundant in cells of muscles, and liver. It appears in electron micrograph as clusters, or a rosette of beta particles that resemble ribosomes, located near the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Glycogen is an important energy source of the cell; therefore, it will be available on demand. The enzymes responsible for glycogenolysis degrade glycogen into individual molecules of glucose and can be utilized by multiple organs of the body.
Lipids: Lipids are triglycerides in storage form is the common form of inclusions, not only are stored in specialized cells (adipocytes) but also are located as individuals droplets in various cell type especially hepatocytes. These are fluid at body temperature and appear in living cells as refractile spherical droplets. Lipid yields more th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Carty | Arthur J. Carty, (born 12 September 1940), is a Canadian academic and former National Science Advisor to the Government of Canada.
Carty was the inaugural director of the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology at the University of Waterloo, special advisor to the President on international science and technology collaboration and research professor in the department of chemistry. From 2004-08, he served as Canada's first national science advisor to the prime minister and to the Government of Canada. Prior to his appointment as national science advisor, he was president of the National Research Council, Canada's leading knowledge and innovation organization, for ten years (1994-2004).
He earned a PhD in inorganic chemistry from the University of Nottingham. Before joining NRC in 1994, he spent two years at Memorial University and 27 years at the University of Waterloo where he was successively professor of chemistry, director of the Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry, a pioneering joint graduate program, chair of the chemistry department and dean of research.
Carty maintains an active interest in research in organometallic chemistry and new materials. He has over 300 publications in peer reviewed journals and five patents to his credit. He is a former president of the Canadian Society for Chemistry, an honorary fellow of the Chemical Institute of Canada and of the Fields Institute for Research in the Mathematical Sciences and a fellow of the Royal Society |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20Van%20Heuverswyn | Hugo Van Heuverswyn (born 1948) is a Belgian molecular biologist, biotech pioneer, entrepreneur and businessman. He has been the chairman of the VIB, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, since its inception in 1995.
Education
Hugo Van Heuverswyn obtained a chemistry degree at the University of Ghent in 1971 and a PhD in molecular biology in 1978 in the group of Prof. Walter Fiers, a first-tier pioneer in the field of modern biotechnology, in whose laboratory Hugo and his colleagues realized the first ever decoding of a complete viral DNA genome (SV40). In the subsequent period 1979 – 1981 he was appointed visiting professor at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, where he established, together with Dr. Carlos Morel, the first DNA sequencing laboratory in Latin America.
Career
Scientist and Entrepreneur:
After his return to Belgium in 1981, he was invited to set up Biogent, a Belgian subsidiary of Biogen (one of the very first biotech companies worldwide), to pursue the molecular cloning of TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and other cytokines, a new class of biomolecules which at that time had just started to be discovered, but today are revolutionizing the field of immunology and anti-cancer therapy. In 1985, Hugo Van Heuverswyn initiated together with Rudi Mariën, the creation of INNOGENETICS, at a time that venture capital was still non-existing in Belgium. He continued to serve as CEO and board member till 2000, two years after INNX had become the first biotech co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milman%27s%20reverse%20Brunn%E2%80%93Minkowski%20inequality | In mathematics, particularly, in asymptotic convex geometry, Milman's reverse Brunn–Minkowski inequality is a result due to Vitali Milman that provides a reverse inequality to the famous Brunn–Minkowski inequality for convex bodies in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn. Namely, it bounds the volume of the Minkowski sum of two bodies from above in terms of the volumes of the bodies.
Introduction
Let K and L be convex bodies in Rn. The Brunn–Minkowski inequality states that
where vol denotes n-dimensional Lebesgue measure and the + on the left-hand side denotes Minkowski addition.
In general, no reverse bound is possible, since one can find convex bodies K and L of unit volume so that the volume of their Minkowski sum is arbitrarily large. Milman's theorem states that one can replace one of the bodies by its image under a properly chosen volume-preserving linear map so that the left-hand side of the Brunn–Minkowski inequality is bounded by a constant multiple of the right-hand side.
The result is one of the main structural theorems in the local theory of Banach spaces.
Statement of the inequality
There is a constant C, independent of n, such that for any two centrally symmetric convex bodies K and L in Rn, there are volume-preserving linear maps φ and ψ from Rn to itself such that for any real numbers s, t > 0
One of the maps may be chosen to be the identity.
Notes
References
Asymptotic geometric analysis
Euclidean geometry
Geometric inequalities
Theorems in meas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20Hadamard%20matrix | In mathematics a regular Hadamard matrix is a Hadamard matrix whose row and column sums are all equal. While the order of a Hadamard matrix must be 1, 2, or a multiple of 4, regular Hadamard matrices carry the further restriction that the order be a square number. The excess, denoted E(H), of a Hadamard matrix H of order n is defined to be the sum of the entries of H. The excess satisfies the bound
|E(H)| ≤ n3/2. A Hadamard matrix attains this bound if and only if it is regular.
Parameters
If n = 4u2 is the order of a regular Hadamard matrix, then the excess is ±8u3 and the row and column sums all equal ±2u. It follows that each row has 2u2 ± u positive entries and 2u2 ∓ u negative entries. The orthogonality of rows implies that any two distinct rows have exactly u2 ± u positive entries in common. If H is interpreted as the incidence matrix of a block design, with 1 representing incidence and −1 representing non-incidence, then H corresponds to a symmetric 2-(v,k,λ) design with parameters (4u2, 2u2 ± u, u2 ± u). A design with these parameters is called a Menon design.
Construction
A number of methods for constructing regular Hadamard matrices are known, and some exhaustive computer searches have been done for regular Hadamard matrices with specified symmetry groups, but it is not known whether every even perfect square is the order of a regular Hadamard matrix. Bush-type Hadamard matrices are regular Hadamard matrices of a special form, and are connected with fini |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissible%20heuristic | In computer science, specifically in algorithms related to pathfinding, a heuristic function is said to be admissible if it never overestimates the cost of reaching the goal, i.e. the cost it estimates to reach the goal is not higher than the lowest possible cost from the current point in the path.
It is related to the concept of consistent heuristics. While all consistent heuristics are admissible, not all admissible heuristics are consistent.
Search algorithms
An admissible heuristic is used to estimate the cost of reaching the goal state in an informed search algorithm. In order for a heuristic
to be admissible to the search problem, the estimated cost must always be lower than or equal to the actual cost of reaching the goal state.
The search algorithm uses the admissible heuristic to find an estimated
optimal path to the goal state from the current node.
For example, in A* search the evaluation function (where
is the current node) is:
where
= the evaluation function.
= the cost from the start node to the current node
= estimated cost from current node to goal.
is calculated using the heuristic
function. With a non-admissible heuristic, the A* algorithm could
overlook the optimal solution to a search problem due to an
overestimation in .
Formulation
is a node
is a heuristic
is cost indicated by to reach a goal from
is the optimal cost to reach a goal from
is admissible if,
Construction
An admissible heuristic can be derived from a relaxed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Anthony%20High%20School%20%28Illinois%29 | St. Anthony of Padua High School (SAHS) is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Effingham, Illinois. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois. St. Anthony was established in 1874 by the School Sisters of Notre Dame.
Academics
St. Anthony High School offers AP classes in Calculus, Statistics, Chemistry, Biology, and English. Dual enrollment classes through Lake Land College include Composition, College Algebra, and Finite Math.
In addition, SAHS offers modified classes for those who may need academic assistance in certain areas.
SAHS is accredited by the Illinois State Board of Education and the North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement (NCACASI), of which SAHS is a member.
Athletics
St. Anthony of Padua competes in the National Trail Conference (NTC) and is also a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA). The teams compete as the Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs. The Bulldogs were awarded the Program of the Year by the Decatur Herald & Review after the 2016–17 school year.
The school sponsors interscholastic athletic teams for students in bass fishing, bowling, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, and track and field. Boys may also compete in baseball, while girls may also compete in cheerleading, softball, and volleyball.
The following teams have competed in the IHSA sponsored state tournaments or meets:
References
External links
Website
Schools in Effingham County, Illinois
Ed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiply-with-carry%20pseudorandom%20number%20generator | In computer science, multiply-with-carry (MWC) is a method invented by George Marsaglia for generating sequences of random integers based on an initial set from two to many thousands of randomly chosen seed values. The main advantages of the MWC method are that it invokes simple computer integer arithmetic and leads to very fast generation of sequences of random numbers with immense periods, ranging from around to .
As with all pseudorandom number generators, the resulting sequences are functions of the supplied seed values.
General theory
An MWC generator is a special form of Lehmer random number generator which allows efficient implementation of a prime modulus much larger than the machine word size.
Normal Lehmer generator implementations choose a modulus close to the machine word size. An MWC generator instead maintains its state in base , so multiplying by is done implicitly by shifting one word. The base is typically chosen to equal the computer's word size, as this makes arithmetic modulo trivial. This may vary from for a microcontroller to . (This article uses for examples.)
The initial state ("seed") values are arbitrary, except that they must not be all zero, nor all at the maximum permitted values ( and ). (This is commonly done by choosing between 1 and .). The MWC sequence is then a sequence of pairs determined by
This is called a lag-1 MWC sequence. Sometimes an odd base is preferred, in which case can be used, which is almost as simple |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20C.%20Yuen | Henry Che-Chuen Yuen (Chinese: 袁子春; born 7 April 1948, in Shanghai, China) is a founder and former CEO of Gemstar-TV Guide International. He has a PhD in applied mathematics from Caltech. He worked briefly at Caltech and New York University, then obtained a law degree from Loyola Law School.
He founded Gemstar in 1986. Called a "patent terrorist" for his aggressive litigation regarding the company's patent portfolio, he was also lauded as "the Bill Gates of TV", even negotiating a generous settlement with Microsoft for per-unit royalties and advertising revenue from Microsoft's WebTV and Ultimate TV set-top boxes. Commenting in 2001 on his approach to business, he remarked: "In business, where I am right now, the only rules that exist are the ones you make."
After he merged Gemstar with TV Guide - he became notorious for constructing irrational and obscure business plans that had no relevance and relationship with the realities of the media business.
He was fired from Gemstar in 2003, after the company revealed criminal manipulation of revenue recognition initiated by Yuen and other accounting problems. He was convicted of securities fraud in 2006, and ordered to pay $22 million in penalties. As of April 25, 2007, his whereabouts are unknown.
References
External links
Early profile
American businesspeople
Loyola Law School alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
New York University faculty
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Living people
1948 births
Amer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mourad%20Dhina | Mourad Dhina (; born 6 August 1961) is an Algerian physicist and activist living in Switzerland. He is the executive director of the Alkarama non-governmental organization.
Education and scientific works
He obtained a master's degree in physics from MIT in 1985, two years later he obtained a Ph.D. in particle physics from the same institute. He worked as researcher at the European Organization for Nuclear Research and also the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.
Human rights and political commitment
He became an opponent of the Algerian government following the coup d'état of January 1992 that banned the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), starting the Algerian Civil War. After being spokesman for the Coordination Committee of the FIS, he became head of the Executive Office of the FIS from October 2002 to October 2004, when he resigned and left the party, regarding it as inactive and ineffective.
During the 1990s, he supported terrorist groups such as the Islamic Front of Armed Jihad (FIDA) He did not hesitate to describe Mohammed Saïd as a martyr, in the review Al Qadiât in December 1995
Dhina condemns the violence of the Algerian army during the civil war of the 1990s but some Algerian activists close the "eradicators" claim that he has never condemned the violence and the murders of secular journalists and intellectuals by the Islamist extremists. His response is that he does condemn all victims of the violence and rejects the selectivity of those who want to s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20anonymity | Forward anonymity is a property of a cryptographic system which prevents an attacker who has recorded past encrypted communications from discovering its contents and participants in the future. This property is analogous to forward secrecy.
An example of a system which uses forward anonymity is a public key cryptography system, where the public key is well-known and used to encrypt a message, and an unknown private key is used to decrypt it. In this system, one of the keys is always said to be compromised, but messages and their participants are still unknown by anyone without the corresponding private key.
In contrast, an example of a system which satisfies the perfect forward secrecy property is one in which a compromise of one key by an attacker (and consequent decryption of messages encrypted with that key) does not undermine the security of previously used keys. Forward secrecy does not refer to protecting the content of the message, but rather to the protection of keys used to decrypt messages.
History
Originally introduced by Whitfield Diffie, Paul van Oorschot, and Michael James Wiener to describe a property of STS (station-to-station protocol) involving a long term secret, either a private key or a shared password.
Public Key Cryptography
Public Key Cryptography is a common form of a forward anonymous system. It is used to pass encrypted messages, preventing any information about the message from being discovered if the message is intercepted by an attacker. It |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quillen%20adjunction | In homotopy theory, a branch of mathematics, a Quillen adjunction between two closed model categories C and D is a special kind of adjunction between categories that induces an adjunction between the homotopy categories Ho(C) and Ho(D) via the total derived functor construction. Quillen adjunctions are named in honor of the mathematician Daniel Quillen.
Formal definition
Given two closed model categories C and D, a Quillen adjunction is a pair
(F, G): C D
of adjoint functors with F left adjoint to G such that F preserves cofibrations and trivial cofibrations or, equivalently by the closed model axioms, such that G preserves fibrations and trivial fibrations. In such an adjunction F is called the left Quillen functor and G is called the right Quillen functor.
Properties
It is a consequence of the axioms that a left (right) Quillen functor preserves weak equivalences between cofibrant (fibrant) objects. The total derived functor theorem of Quillen says that the total left derived functor
LF: Ho(C) → Ho(D)
is a left adjoint to the total right derived functor
RG: Ho(D) → Ho(C).
This adjunction (LF, RG) is called the derived adjunction.
If (F, G) is a Quillen adjunction as above such that
F(c) → d
with c cofibrant and d fibrant is a weak equivalence in D if and only if
c → G(d)
is a weak equivalence in C then it is called a Quillen equivalence of the closed model categories C and D. In this case the derived adjunction is an adjoint equivalence of categories so that
LF(c) → d
i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Krelle | Wilhelm Krelle (24 December 1916 – 23 June 2004) was a German economist.
Krelle was born in Magdeburg, Germany. During World War II he served as a Sturmbannführer in the Waffen-SS. After returning from World War II, he studied physics, mathematics and economics in Tübingen and Freiburg. He received his Ph.D. in economics from University of Freiburg in 1948. His thesis advisor was Walter Eucken. In 1951 he received his habilitation from University of Heidelberg, where he was working under Erich Preiser. From 1951 to 1956 he worked as a lecturer at University of Heidelberg and visited Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Chicago. In 1956 he was appointed adjunct professor at University of St. Gallen. From 1958 he was a professor of economics at University of Bonn. In 1995 he was awarded with the Gold Kondratieff Medal by the International N. D. Kondratieff Foundation and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RAEN). He died in 2004 in Bonn.
References
1916 births
2004 deaths
University of Tübingen alumni
Fellows of the Econometric Society
German economists
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
Harvard University staff
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
Academic staff of the University of St. Gallen
N. D. Kondratieff Medal laureates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borell%E2%80%93Brascamp%E2%80%93Lieb%20inequality | In mathematics, the Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality is an integral inequality due to many different mathematicians but named after Christer Borell, Herm Jan Brascamp and Elliott Lieb.
The result was proved for p > 0 by Henstock and Macbeath in 1953. The case p = 0 is known as the Prékopa–Leindler inequality and was re-discovered by Brascamp and Lieb in 1976, when they proved the general version below; working independently, Borell had done the same in 1975. The nomenclature of "Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality" is due to Cordero-Erausquin, McCann and Schmuckenschläger, who in 2001 generalized the result to Riemannian manifolds such as the sphere and hyperbolic space.
Statement of the inequality in Rn
Let 0 < λ < 1, let −1 / n ≤ p ≤ +∞, and let f, g, h : Rn → [0, +∞) be integrable functions such that, for all x and y in Rn,
where
and .
Then
(When p = −1 / n, the convention is to take p / (n p + 1) to be −∞; when p = +∞, it is taken to be 1 / n.)
References
Geometric inequalities
Integral geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20W.%20LaBelle | James W. LaBelle is an American physicist. He received his B.S. from Stanford University in 1980, his M.S. from Cornell University in 1982 and his Ph.D. from Cornell in 1985. He is currently professor and former department chair in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire and has been a professor there since 1989. Since 2010, he has held the Lois L. Rodgers Professorship.
LaBelle's primary field of study is ionosphere and magnetosphere plasma physics. He was awarded a McMullen Fellowship for Graduate Study in 1980-1981, a Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1990-1995, and a Dartmouth Junior Faculty Fellowship in the spring of 1993.
References
Dartmouth College faculty
Cornell University alumni
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrashekhar%20Khare | Chandrashekhar B. Khare (born 1968) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California Los Angeles. In 2005, he made a major advance in the field of Galois representations and number theory by proving the level 1 Serre conjecture, and later a proof of the full conjecture with Jean-Pierre Wintenberger. He has been on the Mathematical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2015, serving as Jury Chair from 2020.
Professional career
Resident of Mumbai, India and completed his undergraduate education at Trinity College, Cambridge. He finished his thesis in 1995 under the supervision of Haruzo Hida at California Institute of Technology. His Ph.D. thesis was published in the Duke Mathematical Journal. He proved Serre's conjecture with Jean-Pierre Wintenberger, published in Inventiones Mathematicae.
He started his career as a Fellow at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. As of the year 2021, he is a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Awards and honors
Khare is the winner of the INSA Young Scientist Award (1999), Fermat Prize (2007), the Infosys Prize (2010), and the Cole Prize (2011).
He gave an invited talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2010, on the topic of "Number Theory".
In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society and was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
References
External links
Chandrashekhar Khare's homepage
Another proof for Fermat's last theorem
1968 births
Living people
Indi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping%20%28signal%20processing%29 | Clipping is a form of distortion that limits a signal once it exceeds a threshold. Clipping may occur when a signal is recorded by a sensor that has constraints on the range of data it can measure, it can occur when a signal is digitized, or it can occur any other time an analog or digital signal is transformed, particularly in the presence of gain or overshoot and undershoot.
Clipping may be described as hard, in cases where the signal is strictly limited at the threshold, producing a flat cutoff; or it may be described as soft, in cases where the clipped signal continues to follow the original at a reduced gain. Hard clipping results in many high-frequency harmonics; soft clipping results in fewer higher-order harmonics and intermodulation distortion components.
Audio
In the frequency domain, clipping produces strong harmonics in the high-frequency range (as the clipped waveform comes closer to a squarewave). The extra high-frequency weighting of the signal could make tweeter damage more likely than if the signal was not clipped.
Many electric guitar players intentionally overdrive their amplifiers (or insert a "fuzz box") to cause clipping in order to get a desired sound (see guitar distortion).
In general, the distortion associated with clipping is unwanted, and is visible on an oscilloscope even if it is inaudible.
Images
In the image domain, clipping is seen as desaturated (washed-out) bright areas that turn to pure white if all color components clip. In dig |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Jewish%20mathematicians | This list of Jewish mathematicians includes mathematicians and statisticians who are or were verifiably Jewish or of Jewish descent. In 1933, when the Nazis rose to power in Germany, one-third of all mathematics professors in the country were Jewish, while Jews constituted less than one percent of the population. Jewish mathematicians made major contributions throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, as is evidenced by their high representation among the winners of major mathematics awards: 27% for the Fields Medal, 30% for the Abel Prize, and 40% for the Wolf Prize.
A
Abner of Burgos (), mathematician and philosopher
Abraham Abigdor (14th century), logician
Milton Abramowitz (1915–1958), mathematician
Samson Abramsky (born 1953), game semantics
Amir Aczel (1950–2015), history of mathematics
Georgy Adelson-Velsky (1922–2014), mathematician and computer scientist
Abraham Adelstein (1916–1992), statistics
Caleb Afendopolo (c. 1430c. 1499), mathematician, astronomer, poet, and rabbi
Aaron Afia (16th century), mathematician, physician and philosopher
Shmuel Agmon (born 1922), mathematical analysis and partial differential equations
Matest Agrest (1915–2005), mathematician and pseudoscientist
Ron Aharoni (born 1952), combinatorics
Bendich Ahin (14th century), mathematician and physician
Michael Aizenman (born 1945), mathematician and physicist
Naum Akhiezer (1901–1980), approximation theory
Isaac Albalia (1035–1094), mathematician, astronomer, and Talmudist
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive%20state%20representation | In computer science, a predictive state representation (PSR) is a way to model a state of controlled dynamical system from a history of actions taken and resulting observations. PSR captures the state of a system as a vector of predictions for future tests (experiments) that can be done on the system. A test is a sequence of action-observation pairs and its prediction is the probability of the test's observation-sequence happening if the test's action-sequence were to be executed on the system. One of the advantage of using PSR is that the predictions are directly related to observable quantities. This is in contrast to other models of dynamical systems, such as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) where the state of the system is represented as a probability distribution over unobserved nominal states.
References
Machine learning
Dynamical systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20College%20of%20Business%20and%20Computer%20Science | The Grace College of Business and Computer Science (GCBC) is a private college located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was established in 2001.
GCBC is a member of the Ethiopian Private Colleges Association. It has been accredited to operate in various fields of study by the Ministry of Education, Region 14 Education Bureau, Arada and Kirkos Education Departments.
References
External links
Universities and colleges in Ethiopia
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in Ethiopia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20Hildenbrand | Werner Hildenbrand (born 25 May 1936 in Göttingen) is a German economist and mathematician. He was educated at the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Diplom in mathematics, applied mathematics and physics in 1961. He continued his education at the University of Heidelberg and received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1964 and his habilitation in economics and mathematics in 1968.
From 1969 to 2001, he was a professor of economics at the University of Bonn. He has held various visiting positions at, among others, the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Louvain. His research has focused on general equilibrium theory, and in particular on the existence and properties of the core of an economy.
Books
Core and Equilibria of a Large Economy, Princeton University Press, 1974.
Introduction to Equilibrium Analysis, with Alan Kirman, North-Holland, 1976.
Equilibrium Analysis, with Alan Kirman, North-Holland, 1988.
Market Demand: Theory and Empirical Evidence, Princeton University Press, 1994.
External links
Werner Hildenbrand's personal homepage at University of Bonn
References
1936 births
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
General equilibrium theorists
German economists
20th-century German mathematicians
21st-century German mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infonet%20College | Infonet College is a private tertiary education institution of higher learning in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia that trains in Information and Communication Technology. The institute was founded in 1995 by a team of professionals from the fields of Computer Science, Business and Social science.
The college offers both long and short term trainings and consultancy services on various fields. Infonet College born out of the Infonet Computer Center, a Private Limited Company established in 1994 in Ethiopia.
Universities and colleges in Ethiopia
1995 establishments in Ethiopia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Astronomy%20of%20the%20Bulgarian%20Academy%20of%20Sciences | The Institute of Astronomy of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is a leading Bulgarian research facility in the field of astronomy and astrophysics, located in Sofia, Bulgaria.
The institute co-operates closely with the other two institutions involved in the same field of research in the country - the Department of Astronomy at the Faculty of Physics of Sofia University and the Astronomical centre at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Shumen University.
It owns and operates the Bulgarian National Rozhen Observatory located at an altitude of 1750 m in the Rhodopi mountains in south Bulgaria, as well as the Belogradchik Observatory situated at 650 m at the foot of the Western Balkan Mountains in north-west Bulgaria.
The institute was inaugurated in 1958 as an independent section of the larger Institute of Physics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences by the academician Nikola Bonev. In 1995, it became a separate institute. The current director of the institute is Professor Dr. Evgeni Semkov. The deputy-director is Associate Professor Dr. Boyko Mihov.
Following a reorganisation in the structure of its departments in 2010, researchers at the institute were divided into three departments: "Sun and Solar System" (head: Dr. K. Kozarev), "Stars and stellar systems" (head: Dr. I. Stateva), "Galaxies" (head: Dr. B. Mihov). They replaced the previous division into seven sectors: "Sun", "Solar system", "Non-stationary stars", "Stellar atmospheres and envelopes", "Chemically peculiar s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie%20Dale%20Biddle%20Andrews | Annie Dale Biddle Andrews (December 13, 1885 – April 14, 1940) was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley.
Early life and career
She was born in Hanford, California, the youngest daughter (and youngest of seven children) of Samuel Edward Biddle and Achsah Annie Biddle (née McQuidy).
She received her B.A. degree from the University of California in 1908. In 1911, she wrote her thesis, Constructive theory of the unicursal plane quartic by synthetic methods, under her maiden name, Annie Dale Biddle; it was published by the university in 1912. Her advisors were Derrick Norman Lehmer and Mellen Haskell. The paper proved to be very useful in its time as it was found that all algebraic surfaces correspond to a universal quartic having no double or triple points with distinct tangents.
She was a math instructor at the University of Washington from 1911 to 1912, after which she married Wilhelm Samuel Andrews. She worked as a math instructor at the University of California between 1915 and 1932 after being appointed as a teaching fellow there in 1914.
She presented a research paper at the meeting of the Journal of the American Mathematical Society in March 1933 in Palo Alto, California, entitled "The space quartic of the second kind by synthetic methods". The abstract of the paper was published later that year.
Personal life
From 1936 Andrews took an active interest in public affairs and charities, in addition to her mathematic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brascamp%E2%80%93Lieb%20inequality | In mathematics, the Brascamp–Lieb inequality is either of two inequalities. The first is a result in geometry concerning integrable functions on n-dimensional Euclidean space . It generalizes the Loomis–Whitney inequality and Hölder's inequality. The second is a result of probability theory which gives a concentration inequality for log-concave probability distributions. Both are named after Herm Jan Brascamp and Elliott H. Lieb.
The geometric inequality
Fix natural numbers m and n. For 1 ≤ i ≤ m, let ni ∈ N and let ci > 0 so that
Choose non-negative, integrable functions
and surjective linear maps
Then the following inequality holds:
where D is given by
Another way to state this is that the constant D is what one would obtain by restricting attention to the case in which each is a centered Gaussian function, namely .
Alternative forms
Consider a probability density function . This probability density function is said to be a log-concave measure if the function is convex. Such probability density functions have tails which decay exponentially fast, so most of the probability mass resides in a small region around the mode of . The Brascamp–Lieb inequality gives another characterization of the compactness of by bounding the mean of any statistic .
Formally, let be any derivable function. The Brascamp–Lieb inequality reads:
where H is the Hessian and is the Nabla symbol.
BCCT inequality
The inequality is generalized in 2008 to account for both continuous and d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikraman%20Balaji | Vikraman Balaji is an Indian mathematician and is currently a professor at Chennai Mathematical Institute. He completed his doctorate in Mathematics under the supervision of C. S. Seshadri. His primary area of research is in algebraic geometry, representation theory and differential geometry. Balaji was awarded the 2006 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Mathematical Sciences along with Indranil Biswas "for his outstanding contributions to moduli problems of principal bundles over algebraic varieties, in particular on the Uhlenbeck-Yau compactification of the Moduli Spaces of µ-semistable bundles."
He was elected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 2007, Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 2015 and was awarded the J.C. Bose National Fellowship in 2009.
Selected publications
Notes
External links
CSIR R&D Highlights
2006 Bhatnagar Awards
20th-century Indian mathematicians
Living people
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Mathematical Science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Complex%20Adaptive%20Matter | The Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM) is an international multicampus collective of scientists studying emergent phenomena in biology, chemistry and physics and in wider context. ICAM was founded in December 1998 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory with support from the University of California by experimental condensed matter physicist Zack Fisk and theoretical physicist David Pines, receiving support from the University of California Office of the Present, ICAM member branches all over the world, the US National Science Foundation from 2003-2013, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for QuantEmX Fellows from 2015–present.
External links
ICAM-I2CAM web site
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Web site
University of California
Emergence |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroglanis%20barnardi |
General
Austroglanis barnardi is an endangered species of catfish (order Siluriformes). It is one of three members of the family Austroglanididae. It is also known as the spotted rock-catfish or Barnard's rock-catfish.
Biology
Not much is known about the biology of A. barnardi because of the discovery being so recent. It has a 12-year generation time but nothing more is known about reproduction within the species. It feeds on aquatic insects, benthic invertebrates and other small fishes.
Habitat
This species is endemic to South Africa and is found only in freshwater bodies of subtropical climate. It has only been recorded from the Thee, Noordhoeks and Hex Rivers, which are all small tributaries of the Clanwilliam Olifants River System in the Western Cape, South Africa. It is extremely uncommon in these two streams it inhabits. A. barnardi inhabits riffles among loosely bedded rocks and coarse sand. Its preferred water depth is between 10-60 centimeters. Other species that occur in this area include Pseudobarbus phlegethon, Barbus calidus, and Austroglanis gilli.
Physical Description
These fish reach a length of about 8 centimeters (3 in). Its head is flattened with a broad snout with its eyes located on the top of the head. The mouth is located on the underside of the head along with fleshy lips. It has three pairs of barbels. It has short, round fins accompanied by weak, curved spines on the pectoral and dorsal fins. Their color is golden-brown with dark brown blot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation%20value%20%28quantum%20mechanics%29 | In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as such it is not the most probable value of a measurement; indeed the expectation value may have zero probability of occurring (e.g. measurements which can only yield integer values may have a non-integer mean). It is a fundamental concept in all areas of quantum physics.
Operational definition
Consider an operator . The expectation value is then in Dirac notation with a normalized state vector.
Formalism in quantum mechanics
In quantum theory, an experimental setup is described by the observable to be measured, and the state of the system. The expectation value of in the state is denoted as .
Mathematically, is a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space. In the most commonly used case in quantum mechanics, is a pure state, described by a normalized vector in the Hilbert space. The expectation value of in the state is defined as
If dynamics is considered, either the vector or the operator is taken to be time-dependent, depending on whether the Schrödinger picture or Heisenberg picture is used. The evolution of the expectation value does not depend on this choice, however.
If has a complete set of eigenvectors , with eigenvalues , then () can be expressed as
This expression is similar to the arithmetic mean, and il |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Vizinho | José Vizinho, (also known in English as Joseph Vecinho), was a Portuguese Jew, born in the town of Covilhã, court physician and scientist at the end of the fifteenth century.
He was a pupil of Abraham Zacuto, with whom he studied mathematics and cosmography, and was regarded as an authority on the subject by King John II of Portugal. He was sent by the king to the Gulf of Guinea in 1483, to measure the altitude of the sun, using an astrolabe improved by Jacob ben Machir. This was one of several voyages that resulted in the production of detailed maps of areas of the eastern Atlantic that had been unknown to Europeans until then.
In 1484, Christopher Columbus presented his plans to the king for a western route to the Indies, which was evaluated by a committee of experts headed by Martin Behaim and "Mestre José", as José Vizinho was called, and also including the Bishop of Ceuta, the court physician Rodrigo, and a Jewish mathematician named Moisés. The Committee finally decided against Columbus' plans to sail west across the Atlantic to the Indies, correctly judging that Columbus had seriously underestimated the size of the world. When the matter came up before the council of state, Pedro de Menezes opposed them also, basing his arguments on José Vizinho's criticisms. Although Vizinho had not favored Columbus' plan, Columbus interacted with him, and obtained a translation of Zacuto's astronomical tables from him. Columbus carried this translation with him on his voyage, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Marcus%20Schiller-Szinessy | Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy, sometimes Solomon Mayer Schiller-Szinessy (23 December 1820, Budapest, Hungary - 11 March 1890, Cambridge) was a Hungarian rabbi and academic. He became the first Jewish Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature at the University of Cambridge.
Life
He graduated as doctor of philosophy and mathematics from the University of Jena, being subsequently ordained as a rabbi. He was next appointed assistant professor at the Lutheran College of Eperies, Hungary.
During the great upheaval of 1848 he supported the revolutionists in the war between Hungary and Austria, and it was he who executed the order of General Torök to blow up the bridge at Szeged, by which act the advance of the Austrian army was checked. Wounded and taken prisoner, he was confined in a fortress, from which he managed to escape the night before his intended execution. Fleeing to Trieste, he took passage for Ireland and landed at Cork, proceeding thence to Dublin, where he preached by invitation of the congregation. He then went to London, and subsequently was elected minister of the United Congregation at Manchester. This was before the secession which led to the establishment of a Reform congregation in that city.
Chiefly owing to Tobias Theodores (professor of Hebrew at Owens College), Schiller-Szinessy was offered and he accepted the office of minister to the newly formed congregation.
He married Georgiana Eleanor Herbert (1831-1901), who converted to Judaism and took the |
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