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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleman%27s%20condition | In mathematics, particularly, in analysis, Carleman's condition gives a sufficient condition for the determinacy of the moment problem. That is, if a measure satisfies Carleman's condition, there is no other measure having the same moments as The condition was discovered by Torsten Carleman in 1922.
Hamburger moment problem
For the Hamburger moment problem (the moment problem on the whole real line), the theorem states the following:
Let be a measure on such that all the moments
are finite. If
then the moment problem for is determinate; that is, is the only measure on with as its sequence of moments.
Stieltjes moment problem
For the Stieltjes moment problem, the sufficient condition for determinacy is
Notes
References
Chapter 3.3, Durrett, Richard. Probability: Theory and Examples. 5th ed. Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics 49. Cambridge ; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Mathematical analysis
Moment (mathematics)
Probability theory
Theorems in approximation theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhyankar%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Abhyankar's lemma (named after Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar) allows one to kill tame ramification by taking an extension of a base field.
More precisely, Abhyankar's lemma states that if A, B, C are local fields such that A and B are finite extensions of C, with ramification indices a and b, and B is tamely ramified over C and b divides a, then the compositum
AB is an unramified extension of A.
See also
Finite extensions of local fields
References
. Theorem 3, page 504.
.
, p. 279.
.
Theorems in algebraic geometry
Lemmas in algebra
Algebraic number theory
Theorems in abstract algebra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlequin%20%28software%29 | Arlequin is a free population genetics software distributed as an integrated GUI data analysis software. It performs several types of tests and calculations, including Fixation index (Fst, also known as the "F-statistics"), computing genetic distance, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium, analysis of molecular variance, mismatch distribution, and pairwise difference tests. The software is designed to be able to handle different kinds of molecular, non-molecular, and/or frequency type data.
About
The Arlequin is a software package that integrates basic and advanced levels/methods for population genetics and data analysis.
Version 3.5.2.2 is available only on Microsoft Windows as zip archive and installation executables.
Mac OS X and Linux have only older 3.5.2 version but restricted on 64-bit environments and have only command-line interface as the "arlecore" program, "arlsumstat" program, as well as the example files.
In 2019, the new R functions were integrated into the Arlequin software. The new R functions are able to integrate the software into zip files for Windows, Mac and Linux versions.
References
External links
Official site
About
Free bioinformatics software
Science software for Linux
Science software for macOS
Science software for Windows
Software companies
Population genetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Brookhart | Maurice S. Brookhart (born 1942) is an American chemist, and professor of chemistry at the University of Houston since 2015.
Brookhart received his bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1964. He received his PhD in 1968 from the University of California, Los Angeles, in physical organic chemistry where his thesis advisor was Saul Winstein. After an NSF postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1968 and a NATO postdoctoral fellowship at Southampton University, England. In 1969, he joined the faculty of the University of North Carolina, where he stayed until 2015, when he joined the University of Houston as a professor of chemistry.
His research group is noted for its research in the general area of synthetic and mechanistic organometallic chemistry. A recent major thrust has been the development of post-metallocene catalysts based upon late transition metal (Ni and Pd) complexes for olefin coordination polymerization. They carry out their mechanistic investigation of the polymerization reactions primarily by low temperature IR and NMR spectroscopies. The work provides a detailed understanding of catalyst resting states and relative intermediates.
A second major focus of Brookhart's group concerns fundamental studies of C-H and C-C bond activations by transition metal complexes and the incorporation of these bond activation steps into catalytic cycles. They have successfully demonstrated catalysis of the ortho-alkylation of arom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushforward | The notion of pushforward in mathematics is "dual" to the notion of pullback, and can mean a number of different but closely related things.
Pushforward (differential), the differential of a smooth map between manifolds, and the "pushforward" operations it defines
Pushforward (homology), the map induced in homology by a continuous map between topological spaces
Pushforward measure, measure induced on the target measure space by a measurable function
Pushout (category theory), the categorical dual of pullback
Direct image sheaf, the pushforward of a sheaf by a map
Fiberwise integral, the direct image of a differential form or cohomology by a smooth map, defined by "integration on the fibres"
Transfer operator, the pushforward on the space of measurable functions; its adjoint, the pull-back, is the composition or Koopman operator
zh:推出 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasios%20Melis | Anastasios Melis is a Greek-American biologist at the University of California, Berkeley who elucidated the possibility of creating hydrogen from algae. He is currently Professor of Plant & Microbial Biology in the institution and Editor-in-Chief of the Planta journal.
Hydrogen power is considered one of the key ways of producing electricity without continuing to use up fossil fuels. The added bonus of using algae in this way is that they could consume carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
In 1998 Professor Anastasios Melis discovered, after following Hans Gaffron's work, that the deprivation of sulfur will cause Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae to switch from producing oxygen to producing hydrogen. The enzyme, hydrogenase, he found was responsible for the reaction, which is normally a temporary emergency survival mechanism used in an oxygen-deprived environment. The enzyme stops functioning when oxygen is produced, however the deprivation of sulphur ensures continuous hydrogen production.
Scientists since the 1940s have been trying to get the algae to produce hydrogen in significant quantities; he told media his breakthrough was like "striking oil". He currently leads an international effort to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis by up to 300% for increased photosynthetic productivity and hydrogen production. He believes that one way for cost-competitiveness is to genetically modify the organisms to increase output.
In 2001 he co-founded a company, Melis Energy, in orde |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technische%20Universit%C3%A4t%20Ilmenau | The Technische Universität Ilmenau (Ilmenau University of Technology, TU Ilmenau) is a German public research university located in Ilmenau, Thuringia, central Germany. Founded in 1894, it has five academic departments (faculties) with about 4,900 students. Teaching and research are focused on the fields of technology (including computer science), mathematics and natural sciences, business and media.
Introduction
Background
Research and education at the Technische Universität Ilmenau is focused on engineering with strong links to economics and natural sciences. It is the only university in the federal state of Thüringen with the title "Technische Universität". The university began its life in 1894 as the "Thüringisches Technikum", a private training college. This took on the status of "Hochschule für Elektrotechnik" (HfE) before becoming a "Technische Hochschule" (TH) and in 1992 being accorded the title of "Technische Universität" (TU).
Academics
TU Ilmenau offers degrees in technology, science, economics and media. These all also form part of the interdisciplinary media subjects which are a more recent development and combine technology, economics, law and social studies.
The 4,900 students (2021/22) include about 1,700 who come from around 100 nations outside Germany. The courses they take lead to bachelor's and/or master's degrees in which the subjects tend to be drawn from a number of disciplines within the overall groups of engineering, mathematics with science, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20isolate | Primary isolate is a pure microbial or viral sample that has been obtained from an infected individual, rather than grown in a laboratory. In chemistry and bacteriology, the verb isolate means to obtain a pure chemical, bacteriological or viral sample. The noun 'isolate' refers to the sample itself.
According to the 'Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS, Year-End, 1999' glossary, a primary isolate is "HIV taken from an infected individual, as opposed to that grown in a laboratory."
References
HIV/AIDS |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedwig%20Kohn | Hedwig Kohn (5 April 1887 – 26 November 1964) was a physicist who was one of only three women (along Lise Meitner and Hertha Sponer) to obtain habilitation (the qualification for university teaching) in physics in Germany before World War II. Born in Breslau in the German Empire (now Wrocław, Poland), she was forced to leave Germany during the Nazi regime because she was Jewish. She continued her academic career in the United States, where she settled for the rest of her life.
Biography
Early life
Born in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), Kohn was the daughter of Georg Kohn, a wholesale merchant of fine cloth, and Helene Hancke, a member of a well-to-do family. Her parents were both German Jews.
In 1907, Kohn enrolled in Breslau University (Universität Breslau, now University of Wrocław), a year before women were officially allowed to matriculate. She became the second woman to enter the physics department. She obtained her doctorate in physics under Otto Lummer in 1913 and was soon appointed as Lummer's assistant. She stayed at the university's Physics Institute during World War I, teaching and advising doctoral students in spite of her youth, even receiving a medal for this service after the war. She obtained her habilitation in 1930.
Kohn was trained by Lummer in the quantitative determination of the intensity of light, both from broad-band sources, such as a "black body", and from the discrete emission lines of atoms and molecules.
Escape from Germany
Kohn was dismiss |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20of%20Gods | River of Gods is a 2004 science fiction novel by British writer Ian McDonald. It depicts a futuristic India in 2047, a century after its independence from Britain, characterized both by ancient traditions and advanced technologies such as artificial intelligences, robots and nanotechnology. The novel won the British Science Fiction Award in 2004 and was nominated for a Hugo. It was followed by a short story collection called Cyberabad Days in 2009.
Plot introduction
The novel follows a number of different characters' viewpoints on and around the date of 15 August 2047, the centenary of India's partition and independence from the colonial British Raj. This future India has become balkanized into a number of smaller competing states, such as Awadh, Bharat, and Bangla. The global information network is now inhabited by artificial intelligences, phonetically called aeais in the novel, of varying levels of intelligence.
Aeais higher than level 2.5 (able to pass the Turing test and imitate humans) are banned, and their destruction ("excommunication") is the responsibility of "Krishna Cops", like Mr. Nandha. While some pockets of the subcontinent are still steeped in ancient tradition and values, mainstream culture is replete with aeais in TV entertainment and robotic swarms in defense. During such a time, Ranjit Ray steps down from his control of Ray Power, a key energy company, and the responsibility falls on his son Vishram Ray. The playboy Vishram is struggling to make it on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Harkness%20%28mathematician%29 | James Harkness (1864–1923) was a Canadian mathematician, born in Derby, England, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge with a B.A. in 1885 and an M.A. in 1889. Coming early to the United States, he was connected with Bryn Mawr College from 1888 to 1903, for the last seven years as professor of mathematics.
Harkness complemented Scott with a course on "Abelian Integrals and Functions" that also drew on the latest literature in German — the work of Alfred Clebsch and Paul Gordan, Bernhard Riemann, Hermann Amandus Schwarz and others — and "aimed to prepare the students for the recent Memoirs of Felix Klein in the Mathematische Annalen".
In 1903, he was appointed Peter Redpath professor of pure mathematics at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
Harkness was for a time a vice president of the American Mathematical Society and associate editor of its Transactions, was elected a member of the London Mathematical Society and in 1908 became a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He published, with Professor Frank Morley, two treatises on the Theory of Functions and collaborated on the article "Elliptic Functions", in the German Encyclopædia of Mathematics (1914–15).
References
External links
Frank Morley and James Harkness A treatise on the theory of functions (New York: Macmillan, 1893)
Frank Morley and James Harkness Introduction To The Theory of Analytic Functions (G.E.Stechert And Company, 1898)
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian science writers
Fellows of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desoxypipradrol | Desoxypipradrol, also known as 2-diphenylmethylpiperidine (2-DPMP), is a drug developed by Ciba in the 1950s which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI).
Chemistry
Desoxypipradrol is closely related on a structural level to the compounds methylphenidate and pipradrol, all three of which share a similar pharmacological action. Of these three piperidines, desoxypipradrol has the longest elimination half-life, as it is a highly lipophilic molecule lacking polar functional groups that are typically targeted by metabolic enzymes, giving it an extremely long duration of action when compared to most psychostimulants. Methylphenidate, on the other hand, is a short-acting compound, as it possesses a methyl-ester moiety that is easily cleaved, forming a highly polar acid group, while pipradrol is intermediate in duration, possessing a hydroxyl group which can be conjugated (e.g. with glucuronide) to increase its hydrophilicity and facilitate excretion, but no easily metabolized groups.
History
Desoxypipradrol was developed by the pharmaceutical company CIBA (now called Novartis) in the 1950s, and researched for applications such as the treatment of narcolepsy and ADHD; however, it was dropped from development after the related drug methylphenidate was developed by the same company. Methylphenidate was felt to be the superior drug for treating ADHD due to its shorter duration of action and more predictable pharmacokinetics, and while desoxypipradrol was research |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henning%20Kagermann | Henning Kagermann (born 12 July 1947) is a German physicist and businessman. He was the former chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer of SAP.
Early life and education
Born in Braunschweig, Kagermann studied physics in Braunschweig and Munich. He received his doctorate degree in theoretical physics in 1975 from the TU Braunschweig and was promoted to professor there in 1980. He taught physics and computer science at TU Braunschweig and University of Mannheim from 1980 to 1992.
Career at SAP
Kagermann joined SAP in 1982 and was initially responsible for product development in the areas of cost accounting and controlling. Together with Hasso Plattner, co-founder of SAP, he was co-chairman of the SAP Executive Board and CEO from 1998 to 2003. During that period, his responsibilities included sales, global customer relations, strategic development projects and consulting.
Following Plattner's election as chairman of the SAP Supervisory Board in May 2003, Kagermann became sole chairman of the SAP Executive Board and CEO. At the time, he had overall responsibility for SAP's strategy, business development and also oversaw the areas of global communications, global intellectual property, internal audit and talent management. In the following years, he increased SAP's share of the market for enterprise resource planning (ERP) programs with more than one function from 35% to 43%. Also under his leadership, SAP acquired Franco-US software BusinessObjects for €4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Reinefeld | Alexander Reinefeld (born 1957) is a German computer scientist and games researcher. He is the head of computer science at Zuse Institute Berlin. His contributions to the field include the NegaScout algorithm.
Biography
Alexander Reinefeld studied physics at the Technical University of Braunschweig and computer science at the University of Hamburg and during two one-year visits in Edmonton at the University of Alberta. In 1982 he concluded his Diplom (equivalent to MSc) in computer science and in 1987 he received his Ph.D at the University of Hamburg.
From 1983 to 1987, he worked as a scientific employee, and from 1989 to 1992 as assistant at the University of Hamburg. During the years 1987 to 1990 he collected industrial experience as a management consultant in the areas of systems analysis, databases and compiler building. In 1992 Reinefeld collaborated with the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC²) at the University of Paderborn. Since 1998, Alexander Reinefeld leads the area of Computer Science in the Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB). He is a member of the Gesellschaft für Informatik, the ACM, the IEEE Computer Society, the German university association Deutscher Hochschulverband (DHV) and Chair of Parallel and Distributed Systems at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
Search algorithms
In 1983 Alexander Reinefeld introduced the NegaScout search-algorithm, an improvement of Judea Pearl's Scout.
Ten years later, in 1993 Reinefeld made an attempt to resuscitate Stoc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20solver | A Riemann solver is a numerical method used to solve a Riemann problem. They are heavily used in computational fluid dynamics and computational magnetohydrodynamics.
Definition
Generally speaking, Riemann solvers are specific methods for computing the numerical flux across a discontinuity in the Riemann problem. They form an important part of high-resolution schemes; typically the right and left states for the Riemann problem are calculated using some form of nonlinear reconstruction, such as a flux limiter or a WENO method, and then used as the input for the Riemann solver.
Exact solvers
Sergei K. Godunov is credited with introducing the first exact Riemann solver for the Euler equations, by extending the previous CIR (Courant-Isaacson-Rees) method to non-linear systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. Modern solvers are able to simulate relativistic effects and magnetic fields.
More recent research shows that an exact series solution to the Riemann problem exists, which may converge fast enough in some cases to avoid the iterative methods required in Godunov's scheme.
Approximate solvers
As iterative solutions are too costly, especially in magnetohydrodynamics, some approximations have to be made. Some popular solvers are:
Roe solver
Philip L. Roe used the linearisation of the Jacobian, which he then solves exactly.
HLLE solver
The HLLE solver (developed by Ami Harten, Peter Lax, Bram van Leer and Einfeldt) is an approximate solution to the Riemann problem, which |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Uyematsu | Amy Uyematsu (1947 – June 23, 2023) was an American poet.
Early life and education
Uyematsu was a third-generation Japanese American from Pasadena, California. A graduate of University of California, Los Angeles in mathematics, Uyematsu became active in Asian American Studies in the late sixties. As a college senior, she penned the essay “The Emergence of Yellow Power in America” (Gidra, 1969), an assertion of Asian American identity influenced by the consciousness-raising theories of the Black Power movement. That same year she joined the staff of the newly formed UCLA Asian American Studies Center, where she co-edited the widely-used anthology, Roots: An Asian American Reader (1971).
Career
In the 1970s, Uyematsu was involved in what would become known as the Asian American movement. Modeled after the Black Power movement, it too emphasized racial pride, economic empowerment, and the creation of political and cultural institutions for Asian American people in the United States.
Uyematsu was a public high school math teacher for 32 years, and in the 1990s she began publishing her poetry. In 1992 she won the Nicholas Roerich Poetry Prize for her first book, 30 Miles from J-Town. Her poetry reflects her Japanese American heritage and continues to address issues of racism and social inequities. The Poetry Foundation states, “Uyematsu’s poems consider the intersection of politics, mathematics, spirituality, and the natural world.” In 2012 she was recognized by the Friends of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Frisch | Gary Frisch (22 January 1969 – 10 February 2007) was co-founder of the Gaydar website. He was one of the UK's leading gay businessmen.
Early life
Frisch was born in Johannesburg South Africa. His father, Eric, was an entrepreneur, and his mother, Rhona, was a bookkeeper. He was educated at Boksburg High School and studied computer science at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg while working for De Beers' industrial diamond division.
Career
After graduation, he set up a computer software company, Frisoft Software, which he sold to Q Data (now named Business Connection) in 1994. He was a technical director with Q Data until he left South Africa in 1997.
He moved to the UK in 1997 with his partner, Henry Badenhorst, to set up QSoft Consulting, an information technology consultancy firm. After a friend complained that he was too busy to look for a new boyfriend, they launched the Gaydar internet dating website in November 1999 from their home in Twickenham. The website rapidly became very popular and by 2007, Gaydar had nearly 4 million users in 23 countries. The Gaydar brand expanded into other areas: Frisch was chairman of GaydarRadio, a digital radio station founded in 2002.
Badenhorst and Frisch's personal partnership broke up in 2006, although they remained business partners.
Death
Frisch was found dead below the window of his eighth-floor flat in Wandsworth, South London. A verdict of misadventure was recorded by Paul Knapman, the coroner at the inq |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Robert%20Petit | Jean-Robert Petit studied chemistry and physics at the University of Grenoble and received a PhD in 1984 in paleoclimatology on the study of the aeolian dust record from Antarctic ice cores.
Academic works
In 1999 he was the lead author of a study published in Nature, "Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica." The paper presented the first long climate record from the ice. It provided a continuous record of temperature and atmospheric composition.
The data extracted from this ice core had implications throughout the fields of glaciology and paleoclimatology. One of the concluding remarks was that present day levels of carbon dioxide and methane seem to have been unprecedented during the past 420,000 years. The paper has been cited 3953 times to date.
Ice cores
He was also a member of the EPICA project, a European team that drilled an ice core at Dome C that provided, in 2004, a 740,000-year climate record.
See also
Dome C
Concordia Station
Vostok Station
Dome F
ice core
References
Bibliography
Jean-Robert Petit, Vostok, Le dernier secret de l'Antarctique, éditions Paulsen, Paris, 2013
External links
An interview with:Dr. Jean-Robert Petit
French climatologists
Paleoclimatologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20of%20Business%20and%20Computer%20Science | SBCS Global Learning Institute Limited (SBCS GLI), formerly The School of Business and Computer Science, is a tertiary level academic institution based in Trinidad and Tobago.
SBCS GLI partners with the Heriot Watt University, University of London, University of Greenwich, University of Sunderland and University of Leicester. With the institute offering a variety of programmes, qualifications and certifications in Computing and Information Technology, Business and Management, Accounting and Finance, Engineering, Health and Safety, Procurement, Art and Design, and Media Communications.
Commonly referred to as “SBCS”, the SBCS GLI operates campuses in Champs Fleurs, San Fernando and Trincity.
History
SBCS GLI was founded by Dr. Robin Maraj in 1986 and officially began operations in 1987. Then, it was located in San Juan, in a small house that accommodated both the living quarters and classrooms. In 1990, operations were relocated to Champs Fleurs, and this campus, now a multi-story complex, stands as the oldest operational site among SBCS’ three locations.
SBCS’ second campus was situated in Port of Spain, and opened in May 2003, while the third campus opened in February 2006 in San Fernando. The Trincity campus, SBCS’ fourth site, was established in September, 2008.
In 2018, the operations of the Port of Spain campus were merged with those of the Trincity campus. The Trincity campus was renamed SBCS’ Centre for Media, Communication and Design.
See also
List of unive |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotobiology | Scotobiology is the study of biology as directly and specifically affected by darkness, as opposed to photobiology, which describes the biological effects of light.
Overview
The science of scotobiology gathers together under a single descriptive heading a wide range of approaches to the study of the biology of darkness. This includes work on the effects of darkness on the behavior and metabolism of animals, plants, and microbes. Some of this work has been going on for over a century, and lays the foundation for understanding the importance of dark night skies, not only for humans but for all biological species.
The great majority of biological systems have evolved in a world of alternating day and night and have become irrevocably adapted to and dependent on the daily and seasonally changing patterns of light and darkness. Light is essential for many biological activities such as sight and photosynthesis. These are the focus of the science of photobiology. But the presence of uninterrupted periods of darkness, as well as their alternation with light, is just as important to biological behaviour. Scotobiology studies the positive responses of biological systems to the presence of darkness, and not merely the negative effects caused by the absence of light.
Effects of darkness
Many of the biological and behavioural activities of plants, animals (including birds and amphibians), insects, and microorganisms are either adversely affected by light pollution at night or can on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everyday%20Mathematics | Everyday Mathematics is a pre-K and elementary school mathematics curriculum, developed by the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (not to be confused with the University of Chicago School of Mathematics). The program, now published by McGraw-Hill Education, has sparked debate.
History
Everyday Mathematics curriculum was developed by the University of Chicago School Math Project (or UCSMP ) which was founded in 1983. Work on it started in the summer of 1985. The 1st edition was released in 1998 and the 2nd in 2002. A third edition was released in 2007 and a fourth in 2014-2015.
Curriculum structure
Below is an outline of the components of EM as they are generally seen throughout the curriculum.
Lessons
A typical lesson outlined in one of the teacher’s manuals includes three parts
Teaching the Lesson—Provides main instructional activities for the lesson.
Ongoing Learning and Practice—Supports previously introduced concepts and skills; essential for maintaining skills.
Differentiation Options—Includes options for supporting the needs of all students; usually an extension of Part 1, Teaching the Lesson.
Daily Routines
Every day, there are certain things that each EM lesson requires the student to do routinely. These components can be dispersed throughout the day or they can be part of the main math lesson.
Math Messages—These are problems, displayed in a manner chosen by the teacher, that students complete before the lesson and then discuss as an opener |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif%20Zaman | Arif Zaman is a Pakistani mathematician, academic scientist, and a retired professor of Statistics and Mathematics from Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan. Before joining LUMS in 1994, he also served in the Statistics Department at Purdue University and at Florida State University.
Zaman attended Harvey Mudd College, where he completed his B.S. in Mathematics in 1976. He received an M.A. in Applied Mathematics in 1977 at the Claremont Graduate School, and his PhD in Statistics at Stanford University in 1981. In his doctoral thesis, he studied de Finetti's theorem and its possible turn out in Markov chain. His dissertation was supervised by Persi Diaconis.
Works
Arif Zaman (1984), "An Approximation Theorem for Finite Markov Exchangeability", Annals of Applied Probability, volume 4, page 223–229.
"Random Binary Matrices in Bio-ecological Ecology - Instituting a Good Neighbor Policy", Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 9, No. 4, 405–421, 2002, (with D. Simberloff).
References
External links
20th-century Pakistani mathematicians
21st-century Pakistani mathematicians
Claremont Graduate University alumni
Florida State University faculty
Harvey Mudd College alumni
Academic staff of Lahore University of Management Sciences
Living people
Pakistani statisticians
Purdue University faculty
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhyankar%E2%80%93Moh%20theorem | In mathematics, the Abhyankar–Moh theorem states that if is a complex line in the complex affine plane , then every embedding of into extends to an automorphism of the plane. It is named after Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar and Tzuong-Tsieng Moh, who published it in 1975. More generally, the same theorem applies to lines and planes over any algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and to certain well-behaved subsets of higher-dimensional complex affine spaces.
References
.
Theorems in algebraic geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik%20Svensmark | Henrik Svensmark (born 1958) is a physicist and professor in the Division of Solar System Physics at the Danish National Space Institute (DTU Space) in Copenhagen. He is known for his work on the hypothesis that fewer cosmic rays are an indirect cause of global warming via cloud formation.
Early life and education
Henrik Svensmark obtained a Master of Science in Engineering (Cand. Polyt) in 1985 and a Ph.D. in 1987 from the Physics Laboratory I at the Technical University of Denmark.
Career
Henrik Svensmark is director of the Center for Sun-Climate Research at the Danish Space Research Institute (DSRI), a part of the Danish National Space Center. He previously headed the sun-climate group at DSRI. He held postdoctoral positions in physics at three other organizations: University of California, Berkeley, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, and the Niels Bohr Institute.
In 1997, Svensmark and Eigil Friis-Christensen popularised a theory that linked galactic cosmic rays and global climate change mediated primarily by variations in the intensity of the solar wind, which they have termed cosmoclimatology. This theory had earlier been reviewed by Dickinson.
One of the small-scale processes related to this link was studied in a laboratory experiment performed at the Danish National Space Center (paper published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A, February 8, 2007).
Svensmark's conclusions from his research downplay the significance of the effects of man-made incre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Orrell | David John Orrell is a Canadian writer and mathematician. He received his doctorate in mathematics from the University of Oxford. His work in the prediction of complex systems such as the weather, genetics and the economy has been featured in New Scientist, the Financial Times, The Economist, Adbusters, BBC Radio, Russia-1, and CBC TV. He now conducts research and writes in the areas of systems biology and economics, and runs a mathematical consultancy Systems Forecasting. He is the son of theatre historian and English professor John Orrell.
His books have been translated into over ten languages. Apollo's Arrow: The Science of Prediction and the Future of Everything was a national bestseller and finalist for the 2007 Canadian Science Writers' Award. Economyths: Ten Ways Economics Gets It Wrong was a finalist for the 2011 National Business Book Award.
Criticism of use of mathematical models
A consistent topic in Orrell’s work is the limitations of mathematical models, and the need to acknowledge these limitations if we are to understand the causes of forecast error. He argues for example that errors in weather prediction are caused primarily by model error, rather than the butterfly effect. Economic models are seen as particularly unrealistic. In Truth or Beauty: Science and the Quest for Order, he suggests that many such theories, along with areas of physics such as string theory, are motivated largely by the desire to conform with a traditional scientific aesthetic, that i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Nicholls | David Nicholls may refer to:
David Nicholls (cricketer) (1943–2008), Kent cricketer
David G. Nicholls, professor of biology
David Nicholls (footballer, born 1956), English footballer
David Nicholls (footballer, born 1972), Scottish footballer
David Nicholls (racehorse trainer) (1956–2017), English jockey and racehorse trainer
David Nicholls (theologian) (1936–1996), author in the fields of political theology and Caribbean Studies
David Nicholls (musicologist) (born 1955), English academic and composer
David Nicholls (writer) (born 1966), English novelist and screenwriter
David Shaw Nicholls (born 1959), Scottish architect
David J. Nicholls (1950–2008), English actor
See also
David Nicholl (disambiguation)
David Nichols (disambiguation)
Dave Nichol (1940–2013), Canadian product marketing expert
David Nicolle (born 1944), British historian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Nicholls%20%28writer%29 | David Alan Nicholls (born 30 November 1966) is a British novelist and screenwriter.
Early life and education
Nicholls is the middle of three siblings. He attended Barton Peveril College at Eastleigh, Hampshire, taking A-levels in Drama, English Literature, Physics and Biology.
He also took part in college drama productions, playing a wide range of roles. He went onto study at the University of Bristol, graduating with a BA in Drama and English in 1988.
He later trained as an actor at the American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York.
First career
Throughout his 20s, he worked as an actor, using the stage name David Holdaway. He played small roles at various theatres, including the West Yorkshire Playhouse and, for a three-year period, at the Royal National Theatre. He struggled as an actor and has said "I’d committed myself to a profession for which I lacked not just talent and charisma, but the most basic of skills. Moving, standing still – things like that." Nicholls says that a turning point in his career came when a friend gave him a copy of PJ Kavanagh’s memoir The Perfect Stranger, which tells the author's own tale of maturation, finding love, and discovering his path in life.
Writing career
Novels
Starter for Ten (2003)
The Understudy (2005)
One Day (2009)
Us (2014)
Sweet Sorrow (2019)
Screenwriting
Nicholls co-wrote the adapted screenplay of Simpatico and contributed four scripts to the third series of Cold Feet (both 2000). For the latter, he was nominat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Bentele | Max Bentele (January 15, 1909 – May 19, 2006) was a German-born pioneer in the field of jet aircraft turbines and mechanical engineering. His contributions to the development of the Wankel engine earned him the title, "Father of the Wankel Engine in the United States".
Bentele in Germany
Bentele had been fascinated with engineering from an early age and graduated from the Technical University of Stuttgart in the fall of 1928 with a degree in mechanical and electrical engineering. Up until World War II he was working on turbine blade design for the Heinkel-Hirth, Germany's new jet engine. Bentele excelled at this task, and after the war he managed one of Heinkel-Hirth's few remaining machine shops, which had survived virtually unscathed. He excelled at this job and was approached to undertake the design and manufacture of much needed spare parts for Allied Jeeps.
Bentele in the United States
Bentele left his successful business at the request of the Americans and British in order to study and repair damaged German jet aircraft. Bentele successfully built twelve new aircraft for this purpose. While it is believed that he was interrogated at this time, Bentele made contacts which ultimately brought him to the United States.
Bentele temporarily returned to Heinkel-Hirth in Germany and established a moped business there. During this time he worked on turbine, and direct fuel injection, engines for such companies as Bosch, L'Orange, Daimler-Benz, and the British Ministry of Supp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected%20Mathematics | Connected Mathematics is a comprehensive mathematics program intended for U.S. students in grades 6–8. The curriculum design, text materials for students, and supporting resources for teachers were created and have been progressively refined by the Connected Mathematics Project (CMP) at Michigan State University with advice and contributions from many mathematics teachers, curriculum developers, mathematicians, and mathematics education researchers.
The current third edition of Connected Mathematics is a major revision of the program to reflect new expectations of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics and what the authors have learned from over twenty years of field experience by thousands of teachers working with millions of middle grades students. This CMP3 program is now published in paper and electronic form by Pearson Education.
Core principles
The first edition of Connected Mathematics, developed with financial support from the National Science Foundation, was designed to provide instructional materials for middle grades mathematics based on the 1989 Curriculum and Evaluation Standards and the 1991 Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. These Standards implied four core features of the curriculum.
Comprehensive coverage of mathematical concepts and skills in four content strands—number, algebra, geometry and measurement, and probability and statistics;
connections between concepts and method |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodia%20%28company%29 | Rhodia (founded 1998) was a group specialized in fine chemistry, synthetic fibers, and polymers.
The company was acquired by the Belgian Solvay group in September 2011, in a deal valuing Rhodia at €3.4 billion. The company served the consumer goods, automotive, energy, manufacturing, and processes and electronics markets, and had 65 production sites worldwide, four research centers, and four joint laboratories.
History
Rhodia was a public company that was founded on January 1, 1998 following the spin-off of the chemicals, fibers, and polymers activities of Rhône-Poulenc when it merged with the German company Hoechst. On June 25, 1998, Rhône-Poulenc sold 32.7% of its share in Rhodia's capital to the public. Rhodia became a listed company. In 1999, Rhodia made two acquisitions:
The Engineering Plastics activity of the top Korean group Hyosung, for Rhodia's Polyamides business unit.
The Iberica Mix & Fix Center activity of Quimica Dos. The Mix & Fix Center is a unit that formulates and sells ready-to-use Hot Vulcanizable Silicone Elastomers.
From October 1999, Rhône-Poulenc, which became Aventis then Sanofi-Aventis, gradually reduced its stake in Rhodia's capital. It sold all its shares in the company on October 17, 2006.
Rhodia grew in the United Kingdom and the United States by buying out Albright and Wilson and ChiRex. In 2002 Rhodia sold off its basic chemicals activities in Europe (phenol, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate) and its holdings in Latexia (which was th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Y-DNA%20single-nucleotide%20polymorphisms |
See also
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Unique-event polymorphism
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
List of Y-STR markers
External links
Sequence information for 218 M series markers published by 2001
ISOGG Y-DNA SNP Index - 2007
Karafet et al. (2008) Supplemental Research Data
DNA
Y DNA
Human evolution
Human population genetics
Genetic genealogy
Phylogenetics
Bioinformatics
Evolutionary biology
Molecular genetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20manifolds%20and%20varieties | The study of manifolds combines many important areas of mathematics: it generalizes concepts such as curves and surfaces as well as ideas from linear algebra and topology. Certain special classes of manifolds also have additional algebraic structure; they may behave like groups, for instance. In that case, they are called Lie Groups. Alternatively, they may be described by polynomial equations, in which case they are called algebraic varieties, and if they additionally carry a group structure, they are called algebraic groups.
Nomenclature
The term "manifold" comes from German Mannigfaltigkeit, by Bernhard Riemann.
In English, "manifold" refers to spaces with a differentiable or topological structure, while "variety" refers to spaces with an algebraic structure, as in algebraic varieties.
In Romance languages, manifold is translated as "variety" – such spaces with a differentiable structure are literally translated as "analytic varieties", while spaces with an algebraic structure are called "algebraic varieties". Thus for example, the French word "variété topologique" means topological manifold. In the same vein, the Japanese word "" (tayōtai) also encompasses both manifold and variety. ("" (tayō) means various.)
Background
Ancestral to the modern concept of a manifold were several important results of 18th and 19th century mathematics. The oldest of these was Non-Euclidean geometry, which considers spaces where Euclid's parallel postulate fails. Saccheri first studied t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n%20Szab%C3%B3%20%28mathematician%29 | Zoltán Szabó (born November 24, 1965) is a professor of mathematics at Princeton University known for his work on Heegaard Floer homology.
Education and career
Szabó received his B.A. from Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, Hungary in 1990, and he received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University in 1994.
Together with Peter Ozsváth, Szabó created Heegaard Floer homology, a homology theory for 3-manifolds. For this contribution to the field of topology, Ozsváth and Szabó were awarded the 2007 Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry. In 2010, he was elected honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Selected publications
.
.
Grid Homology for Knots and Links, American Mathematical Society, (2015)
References
External links
Personal homepage
1965 births
20th-century Hungarian mathematicians
21st-century Hungarian mathematicians
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Living people
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
Topologists
Eötvös Loránd University alumni
Rutgers University alumni
Princeton University faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohsen%20Amiryoussefi | Mohsen Amiryousefi (, born 1972) is an Iranian director and screenwriter. A graduate in mathematics from Isfahan University, he completed his first short film in 1997 based on a story by Franz Kafka, after writing several screenplays for both screen and stage.
Mohsen Amiryoussefi first came to prominence with his 2004 black comedy “Bitter Dream,” about a funeral director. He took home the Camera d’Or at that year's Cannes Film Festival 2004 as well as generous critical acclaim. Amiryoussefi belongs to the third generation of "Iranian New Wave".
Awards
He has received international awards for his critically acclaimed movies Khab- talkh and Atashkar.
Filmography
Khab-e talkh or Bitter Dream (2004)
Atashkar or Fire Keeper (2009)
Ashghal haye Doost Dashtani or Lovely Trashes (2012)
See also
Iranian New Wave
Cinema of Iran
Notes
External links
Iranian film directors
1972 births
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific%20pluralism | Scientific pluralism is a position within the philosophy of science that rejects various proposed unities of scientific method and subject matter. Scientific pluralists hold that science is not unified in one or more of the following ways: the metaphysics of its subject matter, the epistemology of scientific knowledge, or the research methods and models that should be used. Some pluralists believe that pluralism is necessary due to the nature of science. Others say that since scientific disciplines already vary in practice, there is no reason to believe this variation is wrong until a specific unification is empirically proven. Finally, some hold that pluralism should be allowed for normative reasons, even if unity were possible in theory.
History
Since the development of logical positivism by the Vienna Circle in the 1920s and 1930s, theories of unified science have posited that all scientific investigation shares a common framework. In the strongest versions of these theories, all of the special sciences should be reducible to physics. Therefore all science could in theory follow one shared methodology and be described in a shared jargon, even if in current practice this is not the case due to limitations in the development of human knowledge and technology. The specific theories of the Vienna Circle are no longer commonly held, but there are a variety of unities proposed by more recent philosophers.
Although earlier pluralistic conceptions of science persisted during the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville%27s%20theorem%20%28differential%20algebra%29 | In mathematics, Liouville's theorem, originally formulated by Joseph Liouville in 1833 to 1841, places an important restriction on antiderivatives that can be expressed as elementary functions.
The antiderivatives of certain elementary functions cannot themselves be expressed as elementary functions. These are called nonelementary antiderivatives. A standard example of such a function is whose antiderivative is (with a multiplier of a constant) the error function, familiar from statistics. Other examples include the functions and
Liouville's theorem states that elementary antiderivatives, if they exist, are in the same differential field as the function, plus possibly a finite number of applications of the logarithm function.
Definitions
For any differential field the of is the subfield
Given two differential fields and is called a of if is a simple transcendental extension of (that is, for some transcendental ) such that
This has the form of a logarithmic derivative. Intuitively, one may think of as the logarithm of some element of in which case, this condition is analogous to the ordinary chain rule. However, is not necessarily equipped with a unique logarithm; one might adjoin many "logarithm-like" extensions to Similarly, an is a simple transcendental extension that satisfies
With the above caveat in mind, this element may be thought of as an exponential of an element of Finally, is called an of if there is a finite chain of subfields |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallics | Organometallics is a biweekly journal published by the American Chemical Society. Its area of focus is organometallic and organometalloid chemistry. This peer-reviewed journal has an impact factor of 3.837 as reported by the 2021 Journal Citation Reports by Thomson Reuters.
Since 2015 Paul Chirik is the editor-in-chief of Organometallics. He is an American chemist and the Edwards S. Sanford Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University, and associate director for external partnerships of the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment. He writes about the catalysis of hydrocarbons.
Past editors-in-chief are Dietmar Seyferth and John Gladysz. This journal is indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), British Library, CAB International, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, SwetsWise, and Web of Science.
See also
Organic Letters
Inorganic Chemistry
The Journal of Organic Chemistry
References
External links
American Chemical Society academic journals
Organometallic chemistry
Academic journals established in 1982
English-language journals
Biweekly journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation%20%28disambiguation%29 | In library, information and computer science, collation is the process of assembling written information into a standard order.
Collation may also have the following meanings:
Collation (meal), a light meal allowed on days of fasting in some religious traditions
In succession law, collation is an act of estimating the value of the intestate property
In ecclesiastical law, collation is the legal process and ritual act by which a parish priest is appointed to their living, especially in Anglicanism
In textual criticism and bibliography, collation is the process of determining the differences between two or more texts found in the detailed bibliography of a book or the comparison of the physical makeup of two copies of a book
In printing and photocopying, bookbinding, also called collation, is ordering pages when several copies of a document are bound after printing or copying |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%20Security%20Lab | The Illinois Security Lab is a research laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign established in 2004 to support research and education in computer and network security. The lab is part of the Computer Science Department and Information Trust Institute. Its current research projects concern health information technology and critical infrastructure protection. Past projects addressed messaging, networking, and privacy.
Active projects
Health Information Technology
The lab is performing work on the Strategic Healthcare IT Advanced Research Projects on Security (SHARPS) project. It is developing security and privacy technologies to help remove key barriers that prevent the use of health information by systems implementing electronic health records, health information exchanges, and telemedicine.
Critical Infrastructure Protection
Networked control systems such as the electric power grid use computers for tasks like protecting substations against overloads (digital protective relays) and metering facilities (advanced meters). The lab developed the attested meter to provide security and privacy for advanced meters, and has worked on security for building automation systems and substation automation.
Past projects
Assisted Living Security
Advances in networking, distributed computing, and medical devices are combining with changes in the way health care is financed and the growing number of elderly people to produce strong prospects for the widespread u |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule%20nucleation | In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the event that initiates de novo formation of microtubules (MTs). These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form through polymerization of α- and β-tubulin dimers, the basic building blocks of the microtubule, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates.
Microtubule nucleation occurs spontaneously in vitro, with solutions of purified tubulin giving rise to full-length polymers. The tubulin dimers that make up the polymers have an intrinsic capacity to self-aggregate and assemble into cylindrical tubes, provided there is an adequate supply of GTP. The kinetics barriers of such a process, however, mean that the rate at which microtubules spontaneously nucleate is relatively low.
Role of γ-tubulin and the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC)
In vivo, cells get around this kinetic barrier by using various proteins to aid microtubule nucleation. The primary pathway by which microtubule nucleation is assisted requires the action of a third type of tubulin, γ-tubulin, which is distinct from the α and β subunits that compose the microtubules themselves. The γ-tubulin combines with several other associated proteins to form a conical structure known as the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC). This complex, with its 13-fold symmetry, acts as a scaffold or template for α/β tubulin dimers during the nucleation process—speeding up the assembly of the ring of 13 protofilaments that make up the growing microtubule. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowrun%3A%20The%20Trading%20Card%20Game | Shadowrun: The Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game, released by FASA in August 1997 as a spin-off from FASA Corporation's Shadowrun role-playing game and used the same scenario, a cyberpunk setting with fantasy elements – an apocalyptic near-future Earth, with advanced technology (bio-engineering, robotics, virtual reality) which was also populated by magic and supernatural beings such as elves and dragons.
Each player assumes the role of a "shadowrunning" group, enlisting mercenaries with several different skills, and acquiring equipment, contacts, technology or mystical items to complete several types of missions. There are only two sets released for the game. The base set, simply titled Shadowrun, and one expansion set, Underworld, which focuses on the criminals, such as Mafia and Yakuza, and the police that tried to bring them down.
The Underworld set consisted of 141 cards sold in 15-card booster packs and was released in March 1998. It introduced the four factions Gangers, Lone Star, Mafia, and Yakuza.
Canceled sets
A second printing of the base set, called Second Running replaced 39 cards and changed the art for 12 more. This edition also updated the text for clarity and clarified some rules. The set was ultimately canceled in October 1998.
A 90-card expansion set Corp War was planned for release in July 1998 to be sold in 15-card booster packs. It was later postponed to 1999, then ultimately canceled.
Reception
Shadowrun: The Trading Card G |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi%20Taleyarkhan | Rusi P. Taleyarkhan is a nuclear engineer and former academic fraudster who has been a faculty member in the Department of Nuclear Engineering at Purdue University since 2003. Prior to that, he was on staff at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. He obtained his Bachelor of Technology degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras in 1977 and MS and PhD (Nuclear Engineering and Science) degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1978 and 1982 respectively. He also holds an MBA (Business Administration) from RPI.
In 2008, he was judged guilty of research misconduct for "falsification of the research record" by a Purdue review board.
Sonofusion work and controversy
In 2002, while a senior scientist at ORNL, Taleyarkhan published a paper on fusion achieved by bombarding a container of liquid solvent with strong ultrasonic vibrations, a process known as sonofusion or bubble fusion. In theory, the vibrations collapsed gas bubbles in the solvent, heating them to temperatures high enough to fuse hydrogen atoms and release energy. Following his move from Oak Ridge to Purdue in 2003, Taleyarkhan published additional papers about his research in this area.
Numerous other scientists, however, were not able to replicate Taleyarkhan's work, including in published articles in Physical Review Letters from the University of Göttingen, from UCLA, from University of Illinois, from former colleagues at Oak Ridge Nati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Plasterk | Ronald Hans Anton Plasterk (; born 12 April 1957) is a Dutch scientist, entrepreneur and retired politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He has earned a PhD degree in biology, specialised in molecular genetics. Being a former Minister of the Dutch government, he has been the founder and CEO of Frame Cancer Therapeutics since December 2018. Next to his work at Frame, he has been appointed as professor at the University of Amsterdam since September 2018.
Biography
Plasterk attended a Gymnasium in The Hague from 1969 till 1975. He then went to the Leiden University, where he obtained his MSc degree cum laude in biology in 1981. From 1980, Plasterk also studied economics at the University of Amsterdam, of which he completed the propaedeutics in 1981. From 1981 to 1984 he worked as a researcher at the biomedical institute of the Leiden University before earning his PhD degree in natural science in 1984. Beside this, Plasterk also served on the Municipal Council of Leiden from 11 October 1982 until 1 September 1984.
Plasterk worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California from January 1985 until November 1987. Afterwards, he worked at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England where he conducted research on Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode used as a model organism. In Cambridge he worked together with British later Nobel laureate John Sulston.
Plasterk worked as a researcher at Netherlands Cancer Institute f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatty%20sequence | In mathematics, a Beatty sequence (or homogeneous Beatty sequence) is the sequence of integers found by taking the floor of the positive multiples of a positive irrational number. Beatty sequences are named after Samuel Beatty, who wrote about them in 1926.
Rayleigh's theorem, named after Lord Rayleigh, states that the complement of a Beatty sequence, consisting of the positive integers that are not in the sequence, is itself a Beatty sequence generated by a different irrational number.
Beatty sequences can also be used to generate Sturmian words.
Definition
Any irrational number that is greater than one generates the Beatty sequence
The two irrational numbers and naturally satisfy the equation .
The two Beatty sequences and that they generate form a pair of complementary Beatty sequences. Here, "complementary" means that every positive integer belongs to exactly one of these two sequences.
Examples
When is the golden ratio , the complementary Beatty sequence is generated by . In this case, the sequence , known as the lower Wythoff sequence, is
and the complementary sequence , the upper Wythoff sequence, is
These sequences define the optimal strategy for Wythoff's game, and are used in the definition of the Wythoff array.
As another example, for the square root of 2, , . In this case, the sequences are
For and , the sequences are
Any number in the first sequence is absent in the second, and vice versa.
History
Beatty sequences got their name from the pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20chemistry | This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
Known as "the central science", the study of chemistry is strongly influenced by, and exerts a strong influence on, many other scientific and technological fields. Many historical developments that are considered to have had a significant impact upon our modern understanding of chemistry are also considered to have been key discoveries in such fields as physics, biology, astronomy, geology, and materials science.
Pre-17th century
Prior to the acceptance of the scientific method and its application to the field of chemistry, it is somewhat controversial to consider many of the people listed below as "chemists" in the modern sense of the word. However, the ideas of certain great thinkers, either for their prescience, or for their wide and long-term acceptance, bear listing here.
c. 450 BC Empedocles asserts that all things are composed of four primal roots (later to be renamed stoicheia or elements): earth, air, fire, and water, whereby two active and opposing cosmic forces, love and strife, act upon these elements, combining and separating them into infinitely varied forms.
c. 440 BC Leucippus and Democritus propose the idea of the atom, an indivisible particle that all matter is made of. This ide |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Naccache | David Naccache is a cryptographer, currently a professor at the École normale supérieure and a member of its Computer Laboratory. He was previously a professor at Panthéon-Assas University.
Biography
He received his Ph.D. in 1995 from the École nationale supérieure des télécommunications. Naccache's most notable work is in public-key cryptography, including the cryptanalysis of digital signature schemes. Together with Jacques Stern he designed the similarly named but very distinct Naccache-Stern cryptosystem and Naccache-Stern knapsack cryptosystem.
In 2004 David Naccache and Claire Whelan, then employed by Gemplus International, used image processing techniques to uncover redacted information from the declassified 6 August 2001 President's Daily Brief Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US. They also demonstrated how the same process could be applied to other redacted documents.
Naccache is also a visiting professor and researcher at the Information Security Group of Royal Holloway, University of London.
In 2021, two epidemiologists denounced David Naccache to the management of the École normale supérieure. They accused him of having produced a fraudulent report in November 2018 for Genevrier Laboratories in exchange for a large payment (more than €250,000) in defence of a delisted drug, Chondrosulf.
Awards
In 2020 Naccache was listed as a Fellow of the IACR, the International Association for Cryptologic Research, "for significant contributions to applied cryptography in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20model | Memory model may refer to:
Psychology
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Baddeley's model of working memory
Memory-prediction model
Computer science
Memory model (programming) describes how threads interact through memory
Java memory model
Consistency model
Memory model (addressing scheme), an addressing scheme for computer memory address space
Flat memory model
Paged memory model
Segmented memory
One of the x86 memory models |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Lee%20Armstrong | Richard Lee Armstrong (August 4, 1937 – August 9, 1991) was an American/Canadian scientist who was an expert in the fields of radiogenic isotope geochemistry and geochronology, geochemical evolution of the earth, geology of the American Cordillera, and large-magnitude crustal extension. He published over 170 scientific papers.
Armstrong was born in Seattle, Washington.
Education
In 1955, he moved to New Haven, Connecticut, to attend Yale University. He obtained his BSc in 1959 and a PhD in 1964. He stayed at Yale as assistant and associate professor in the geology department until 1973. While he was a Yale professor, he took two leaves, the first in 1963–1964 on a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Berne, and in 1968-1969 as a Morse and Guggenheim Fellow at the Australian National University and California Institute of Technology.
Career
In 1973, Armstrong moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to be an associate professor at the University of British Columbia. He was eventually made a full professor. In 1979, he became a Canadian citizen.
Armstrong studied the chronology of magmatism, metamorphism, and tectonics of western North America. He utilized several methodologies, including Potassium-Argon, Rubidium-Strontium, Uranium-Lead and Neodymium-Samarium to obtain isotopic data.
Armstrong's early theories guided research for a generation. His views were controversial and contested by many prominent isotope geochemists. It took |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioArt | BioArt is an art practice where artists work with biology, live tissues, bacteria, living organisms, and life processes. Using scientific processes and practices such as biology and life science practices, microscopy, and biotechnology (including technologies such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and cloning) the artworks are produced in laboratories, galleries, or artists' studios. The scope of BioArt is a range considered by some artists to be strictly limited to "living forms", while other artists include art that uses the imagery of contemporary medicine and biological research, or require that it address a controversy or blind spot posed by the very character of the life sciences.
Bioart originated at the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century. Although BioArtists work with living matter, there is some debate as to the stages at which matter can be considered to be alive or living. Creating living beings and practicing in the life sciences brings about ethical, social, and aesthetic inquiry. With his essay “Biotechnology and Art” from 1981, Peter Weibel introduced the term Bioart, and defined an art movement that uses biological systems as a means of artistic expression.
The creation of living beings and the study of the biological sciences bring with them ethical, social and aesthetic questions. Within Bio Art there is a debate about whether any form of artistic engagement with the biosciences and their social consequences (e.g. in the form o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20end%20station | Base end stations were used by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps as part of fire control systems for locating the positions of attacking ships and controlling the firing of seacoast guns, mortars, or mines to defend against them. A British equivalent was the position finding cell.
Types of base end stations
A "true" base end station was one of a pair of stations at either end of a precisely measured (surveyed) baseline. Once simultaneous bearings from each base end station to a target were taken, since the distance between the stations (the baseline) was known, the range to the target from either station could be calculated through triangulation. If the target's bearing from each station was sent to a plotting room and input to a plotting board, the position of the target could be estimated and firing coordinates for a gun battery could be calculated.
Some base end stations were located in tall fire control towers (FCTs) Sometimes, the terms "base end station" and "fire control tower" were used interchangeably. In general, however, a fire control tower (FCT) was a structure built to raise one or more base end, spotting, or observation stations high above ground level. Some fire control towers contained several base end stations, one on top of another on different stories of the tower, with each station being at one end of a different baseline and being assigned primarily to a different gun battery in a harbor's defensive scheme. Other base end stations resembled |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Biochemistry%2C%20University%20of%20Oxford | The Department of Biochemistry of Oxford University is located in the Science Area in Oxford, England. It is one of the largest biochemistry departments in Europe. The Biochemistry Department is part of the University of Oxford's Medical Sciences Division, the largest of the university's four academic divisions, which has been ranked first in the world for biomedicine.
History
The Department of Biochemistry at Oxford University began as the physiological chemistry section of the Physiology Department, and acquired its own separate department and building in the 1920s. In 1920, Benjamin Moore was elected to the position of the Whitley Professor of Biochemistry, the newly established Chair of Biochemistry at Oxford University. He was followed by Rudolph Peters in 1923, and an endowment of £75,000 was soon granted by the Rockefeller Foundation for the construction of a new departmental building, purchase of its equipment, and its maintenance. The Biochemistry Department building opened in 1927.
In 1954, Hans Krebs was appointed the Whitley Chair of Biochemistry, and his appointment brought greater prominence to the department. He brought with him the Medical Research Council unit established to conduct research on cell metabolism. In 1955, a second professorship in the department, the Iveagh Chair of Microbiology, was established with funding from Guinness and the sub-department of Microbiology created, with Donald Woods its first holder. The eight-storey Hans Krebs Buil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20graded%20category | In mathematics, especially homological algebra, a differential graded category, often shortened to dg-category or DG category, is a category whose morphism sets are endowed with the additional structure of a differential graded -module.
In detail, this means that , the morphisms from any object A to another object B of the category is a direct sum
and there is a differential d on this graded group, i.e., for each n there is a linear map
,
which has to satisfy . This is equivalent to saying that is a cochain complex. Furthermore, the composition of morphisms
is required to be a map of complexes, and for all objects A of the category, one requires .
Examples
Any additive category may be considered to be a DG-category by imposing the trivial grading (i.e. all vanish for ) and trivial differential ().
A little bit more sophisticated is the category of complexes over an additive category . By definition, is the group of maps which do not need to respect the differentials of the complexes A and B, i.e.,
.
The differential of such a morphism of degree n is defined to be
,
where are the differentials of A and B, respectively. This applies to the category of complexes of quasi-coherent sheaves on a scheme over a ring.
A DG-category with one object is the same as a DG-ring. A DG-ring over a field is called DG-algebra, or differential graded algebra.
Further properties
The category of small dg-categories can be endowed with a model category structure such that weak e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Hubbard | Ruth Hubbard (March 3, 1924 – September 1, 2016) was a professor of biology at Harvard University, where she was the first woman to hold a tenured professorship position in biology.
During her active research career from the 1940s to the 1960s, she made important contributions to the understanding of the biochemistry and photochemistry of vision in vertebrates and invertebrates. In 1967, she and George Wald shared the Paul Karrer Gold Medal for their work in this area.
In the late 1960s, her interests shifted from science to societal issues and activism.
Early life and education
In 1924, Hubbard was born Ruth Hoffmann in Vienna, Austria. Her parents, Richard Hoffmann and Helene Ehrlich Hoffmann, were both physicians and leftist intellectuals. Her mother was also a concert-quality pianist, and as a child, Ruth showed promise on the piano as well. When Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, the Hoffmanns immigrated to the United States to escape. The family settled first in Brookline, Massachusetts, where Ruth graduated Brookline High School, and then in Cambridge.
Ruth decided to enroll at Radcliffe College with the intent to pursue a pre-medicine degree, which she attributes to the fact that everyone around her was a doctor. At that time, Radcliffe was a sister institution to Harvard since women were not yet allowed to enroll at the university. Ruth sensed the disdain that the distinguished Harvard professors had for the system that required them to travel to the Radcliffe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Meixner | Josef Meixner (24 April 1908 – 19 March 1994) was a German theoretical physicist, known for his work on the physics of deformable bodies, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, Meixner polynomials, Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials, and spheroidal wave functions.
Education
Meixner began his studies in theoretical physics with Arnold Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1926. He was awarded his doctorate in 1931, with the submission of a thesis on the application of the Green function in quantum mechanics.
Career
Meixner taught at a high school for a few years. He was an assistant at the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Munchen until 1934. He worked with Salomon Bochner to determine that the Hermite polynomials were the only orthogonal polynomials with generating functions of the form .
Meixner later wrote in his personal memoirs about his close friend, an Austrian Jew who came to Munich in 1929 and left for Princeton in 1933:
Bochner foresaw the coming political development very clearly, and I recall when we, surely at the end of 1932, stood before a bulletin board of the Voelkischer Beobachter and he said: ‘Now it is almost time that I must depart’. When I [at age 24] replied that then I would also like to leave, he replied: You remain here; nothing will happen to you and for us there are too few places in the world.
Meixner loosened the condition on the generating function and determined that was satisfied by five classes of polynomials, kno |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco%20%28robot%29 | Coco is the latest platform at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Humanoid Robotics Group, and a successor to Cog. Unlike previous platforms, Coco is built along more ape-like lines, rather than human. Coco is also notable for being mobile. Although there is ongoing research on the robot, the group has many robots dealing with human interactions. The Humanoid Robotics Group has planned to add more useful functions in the future, but have not set an exact date for such project.
Humanoid Robotics Group Mission
The mission of the Humanoid Robotics Group is to create a robot that can interact with humans and objects without being dependent on a caretaker. Coco should be able to investigate environments and be able to discover important outlooks of the world. Using multiple sensors, Coco should be conducive to human interaction. Interactions with humans include:
reacting to others' emotions
showing empathy
non-aggressive social behavior
independence
Physical
All the following dimensions of Coco are in millimeters:
length of the head is 165
width of the head is 140
from left shoulder Y-axis to right shoulder Y-axis is 252
from shoulder Y-axis to shoulder X-axis is 58
from hip to hip is 269
from hip to shoulder 292
forearm is 156
upper arm is 154
upper leg is 65
lower leg is 45
Coco's appearance is ape-like, which coincides with early evolutionary behaviors. It has broad shoulders, short legs, and long arms made of carbon fiber. The robot's color is all black except fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20differential%20equation | In mathematics, an algebraic differential equation is a differential equation that can be expressed by means of differential algebra. There are several such notions, according to the concept of differential algebra used.
The intention is to include equations formed by means of differential operators, in which the coefficients are rational functions of the variables (e.g. the hypergeometric equation). Algebraic differential equations are widely used in computer algebra and number theory.
A simple concept is that of a polynomial vector field, in other words a vector field expressed with respect to a standard co-ordinate basis as the first partial derivatives with polynomial coefficients. This is a type of first-order algebraic differential operator.
Formulations
Derivations D can be used as algebraic analogues of the formal part of differential calculus, so that algebraic differential equations make sense in commutative rings.
The theory of differential fields was set up to express differential Galois theory in algebraic terms.
The Weyl algebra W of differential operators with polynomial coefficients can be considered; certain modules M can be used to express differential equations, according to the presentation of M.
The concept of Koszul connection is something that transcribes easily into algebraic geometry, giving an algebraic analogue of the way systems of differential equations are geometrically represented by vector bundles with connections.
The concept of jet can be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meagan%20McKinney | Ruth Leslie Goodman (born 1961), is an American writer of romance novels who uses the pen name Meagan McKinney.
Education
Goodman studied biology at Columbia University.
Career
Goodman's career began as a biologist for several years. Goodman became a writer professionally and used the pen name Meagan McKinney.
Goodman's first book, My Wicked Enchantress, was a finalist for a Romance Writers of America Golden Medallion.
Personal life
Goodman is divorced and resides with her two children in New Orleans, Louisiana. In November 2010, Goodman pleaded guilty to defrauding FEMA in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. She was sentenced to 3 years in prison.
Works
source:
Single novels
Van Alen Family Saga series
Matched in Montana series
Anthologies in collaboration
The Monk in DANCE WITH THE DEVIL, published October 1997, along with Rexanne Becnel, Anne Logan and Deborah Martin.
References
Notes
External links
Meagan McKinney at goodreads.com
Meagan McKinney at openlibrary.org
Meagan McKinney at fictiondb.com
1961 births
Living people
American romantic fiction writers
American women novelists
Women romantic fiction writers
Writers from New Orleans
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Louisiana |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation%20time | In population biology and demography, generation time is the average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population. In human populations, generation time typically has ranged from 20 to 30 years, with wide variation based on gender and society. Historians sometimes use this to date events, by converting generations into years to obtain rough estimates of time.
Definitions and corresponding formulas
The existing definitions of generation time fall into two categories: those that treat generation time as a renewal time of the population, and those that focus on the distance between individuals of one generation and the next. Below are the three most commonly used definitions:
The time it takes for the population to grow by a factor of its net reproductive rate
The net reproductive rate is the number of offspring an individual is expected to produce during its lifetime (a net reproductive rate of 1 means that the population is at its demographic equilibrium). This definition envisions the generation time as a renewal time of the population. It justifies the very simple definition used in microbiology ("the time it takes for the population to double", or doubling time) since one can consider that during the exponential phase of bacterial growth mortality is very low and as a result a bacterium is expected to be replaced by two bacteria in the next generation (the mother cell and the daughter cell). If the population dynamic is exponential with a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlette%20Lake%20Water%20System | The Marlette Lake Water System was created to provide water for the silver mining boom in Virginia City, Nevada. These structures are now listed as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers, and are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The listed area included two contributing buildings and 12 contributing structures on . It has also been known historically as the Virginia and Gold Hill Water Company Water System.
The mines required large amounts of water and timber to supply the houses and mines in Virginia City and Gold Hill. To feed these mines, the dam at Carson Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company's Marlette Lake was increased, and Hobart Reservoir was created, and a number of flumes and pipelines were built to transport water down to Virginia City. This included a 3,994-foot-long tunnel through the watershed basin divide, and an ingenious inverted siphon pipe to get water through Washoe Valley. The Virginia and Gold Hill Water Company Marlette flume location is now a trail for mountain biking and hiking.
The collection portion of the water system is now located inside Lake Tahoe-Nevada State Park.
History and Significance
Civil engineer Hermann Schussler was hired in 1871 as a consultant by the Virginia and Gold Hill Water Company to design a pipeline to carry water from the east slope of the Carson Range to a ridge above the town of Gold Hill, approximately 7 miles. The maximum head at the low poi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio%20Zavattini | Emilio Zavattini (March 14, 1927 – January 9, 2007) was an Italian particle physicist.
Biography
He was born in Rimini, Italy and enrolled in the University of Rome La Sapienza as a physics student in 1950 and earned his doctorate in 1954.
Zavattini joined CERN in 1955 and remained a staff member until he retired in 1992. Early in this period he made a short post-doctoral visit to Nevis Laboratory at Columbia University where he worked with Leon Lederman. After retirement, he held a position as a professor at the University of Trieste from 1988–1999.
Zavattini is known for the muon g-2 experiment and the PVLAS experiment at the INFN Laboratory in Legnaro (Padua, Italy). He made contributions within the fields of strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions—especially using muons—both at CERN and at other European and U.S. laboratories. In later years his studies focused on a better understanding of the structure of vacuum.
He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei.
Zavattini died at the age of 79 of a heart attack.
External links
Scientific publications of Emilio Zavattini on INSPIRE-HEP
Links to scientific papers (partial list)
Homepage of PVLAS experiment
References
1927 births
2007 deaths
People from Rimini
20th-century Italian physicists
People associated with CERN
Particle physicists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APX%20%28disambiguation%29 | APX is a complexity class in computer science.
APX also may refer to:
Organizations
APX Alarm Security Solutions, a residential security company
Alpha Rho Chi, architects' fraternity
Australia Pacific Exchange
APX Group, an Anglo-Dutch energy exchange
Atari Program Exchange, an early computer software publisher
Militaries
Atelier de Construction de Puteaux, state arsenal belonging to the French Army
Beretta APX, an Italy semi-automatic pistol
47 mm APX anti-tank gun, a France anti-tank gun
Other uses
Ascorbate peroxidase, an antioxidant enzyme
Lotus APX, a 2006 concept car
Advanced Performance Extensions, a set of Intel x86 architecture extensions
Not to be confused with Intel's defunct iAPX instruction set architecture, or its iAPX branded x86 CPUs.
See also
AP10 (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberator%20%28Nedor%20Comics%29 | The Liberator is a superhero from the Golden Age of Comics. His first appearance was in Exciting Comics #15 (December 1941), published by Nedor Comics. The character was later revived by writer Alan Moore for America's Best Comics.
Nedor Comics
The Liberator is the secret identity of Dr. Nelson Drew, a chemistry teacher at fictional Claflin University (as in, not to be confused with the historically black college affiliated with South Carolina State University). He discovers an ancient Egyptian formula called Lamesis that gives him superhuman strength and speed. Drew uses his powers as the Liberator to fight Nazi saboteurs during World War II. The formula sometimes wears off, turning the Liberator back into Dr. Drew at inopportune moments.
The Liberator debuted in Exciting Comics #15, and appeared regularly in that title and America's Best Comics (not to be confused with the later DC Comics imprint). His last Golden Age appearance was in Exciting Comics #35 (October 1944).
America's Best Comics
Alan Moore revived the Liberator, along with many other Nedor Comics characters, for his Tom Strong series. In Tom Strong #12 (June 2001), the Liberator was revealed to have been one of the members of SMASH that had been placed in suspended animation after an alien invasion from the Moon in 1969. Awakened 30 years later, the Liberator joined his former comrades in the fight against the alien. SMASH disbanded shortly thereafter, but reformed three years later. The Liberator is a memb |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochromatography | Electrochromatography is a chemical separation technique in analytical chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology used to resolve and separate mostly large biomolecules such as proteins. It is a combination of size exclusion chromatography (gel filtration chromatography) and gel electrophoresis. These separation mechanisms operate essentially in superposition along the length of a gel filtration column to which an axial electric field gradient has been added. The molecules are separated by size due to the gel filtration mechanism and by electrophoretic mobility due to the gel electrophoresis mechanism. Additionally there are secondary chromatographic solute retention mechanisms.
Capillary electrochromatography
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an electrochromatography technique in which the liquid mobile phase is driven through a capillary containing the chromatographic stationary phase by electroosmosis. It is a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The capillaries is packed with HPLC stationary phase and a high voltage is applied to achieve separation is achieved by electrophoretic migration of the analyte and differential partitioning in the stationary phase.
See also
Chromatography
Protein electrophoresis
Electrofocusing
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis
References
Chromatography
Protein methods
Molecular biology
Laboratory techniques
Electrophoresis
Biological te |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJM | IJM may refer to:
IJM Corporation, a company in Malaysia
ImageJ Macro language, a programming language
International Justice Mission, a non-profit human rights organization
Institut Jacques Monod, a research institute in Paris, France
Illinois Journal of Mathematics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20quantum-mechanical%20systems%20with%20analytical%20solutions | Much insight in quantum mechanics can be gained from understanding the closed-form solutions to the time-dependent non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It takes the form
where is the wave function of the system, is the Hamiltonian operator, and is time. Stationary states of this equation are found by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation,
which is an eigenvalue equation. Very often, only numerical solutions to the Schrödinger equation can be found for a given physical system and its associated potential energy. However, there exists a subset of physical systems for which the form of the eigenfunctions and their associated energies, or eigenvalues, can be found. These quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions are listed below.
Solvable systems
The two-state quantum system (the simplest possible quantum system)
The free particle
The delta potential
The double-well Dirac delta potential
The particle in a box / infinite potential well
The finite potential well
The one-dimensional triangular potential
The particle in a ring or ring wave guide
The particle in a spherically symmetric potential
The quantum harmonic oscillator
The quantum harmonic oscillator with an applied uniform field
The hydrogen atom or hydrogen-like atom e.g. positronium
The hydrogen atom in a spherical cavity with Dirichlet boundary conditions
The particle in a one-dimensional lattice (periodic potential)
The particle in a one-dimensional lattice of finite length
The Morse pote |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell%20R.%20Beitzel | Wendell Roy Beitzel (born January 17, 1943) is an American Republican politician from Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 1A which covers Garrett and Allegany counties, from January 2007 to January 2023.
Education
Beitzel graduated from Fairmont State College in 1964 with a bachelor's degree in biology. He has also received a master's degree in management and a MBA from Frostburg State University.
Career
Beitzel served in the U.S. Army from 1965 to 1968. He was a microbiologist for the National Institute of Health from 1968 to 1971. He was part owner of the Point View Inn & Motel from 1973 to 1978, the Starlite Motel & Restaurant from 1978 to 1983, and the Point View Inn & Motel from 1981 to 2003. When Beitzel Enterprise existed as a company that controlled public accommodation services, he served as President of Beitzel Enterprises, Inc. He served as the Assistant Director of Environmental Health at the Garrett County Health Department from 1971 to 1981. In 1981, he assumed the position as administrator for the Garrett County Sanitary District until 1998, he started focusing more on his owned businesses. He has been a farmer since 1983, and was also a Director of Infrastructure Development, D.C. Development LLC, 2003 to 2006.
Beitzel served a term as a Garrett County commissioner from 1998 to 2002.
Wendell Beitzel became a Maryland State Delegate in 2007 after the 2006 election. He was first appointed to the Health and Government |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20differential%20cryptanalysis | In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen developed the technique in 1994. Whereas ordinary differential cryptanalysis analyzes the full difference between two texts, the truncated variant considers differences that are only partially determined. That is, the attack makes predictions of only some of the bits instead of the full block. This technique has been applied to SAFER, IDEA, Skipjack, E2, Twofish, Camellia, CRYPTON, and even the stream cipher Salsa20.
References
Cryptographic attacks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Heuser | John E. Heuser (born August 29, 1942) is an American Professor of Biophysics in the department of Cell Biology and Physiology at the Washington University School of Medicine as well as a Professor at the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) at Kyoto University.
Heuser created quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy (a variant of cell unroofing), a pioneering technique that lets biologists take detailed pictures of fleeting events inside living cells. For decades, Heuser has used this technique to capture details of the molecular mechanisms that underlie many basic biological activities, including nerve cell signal transmission, muscle contraction, and most recently, the fusion of viruses with cells during the spread of infection. He compares quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy to using a stroboscopic flash to freeze the action in a photograph. To make it possible to image the frozen sample with an electron microscope, Heuser adds an ultra-thin film of metallic platinum that molds snugly against the sample's frozen surface contours. He and others in his lab have worked to make the equipment and procedures necessary for this process available to researchers around the world. Currently Heuser has patents pending on Washington University's behalf for even more advanced versions of his quick-freezing machines.
Heuser graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Medical School in 1969 and joined the Washington University faculty as a professor of biophys |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Epling | Carl Clawson Epling (15 April 1894 – 17 November 1968) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for being the major authority on the Lamiaceae (mint family) of the Americas from the 1920s to the 1960s. In his later years he also developed an interest in genetics.
History
Epling obtained his B.A. from the College of Agriculture at University of California, Berkeley in 1921. He received his M.A. in 1923 and Ph.D. in 1924 from Washington University, with a dissertation on the genus Monardella.
Epling's first academic position was as an instructor in botany at Oregon State College in 1921–22. He became staff member at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1924. In 1941, he was made a faculty research lecturer at UCLA. He was honored by UCLA with an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1963. He retired from UCLA in 1965.
From 1944 until his retirement, he held the title of systematist in the University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station.
He was also a researcher in population genetics. At the time of his death he was studying the flora of Ecuadorian rain forests. Carl Clawson Epling died in Santa Monica, in 1968.
Works
Epling published more than one hundred scientific works ranging from monographs to contributions to local floras, and described numerous genera and species new to science—including the well known psychoactive Salvia divinorum.
Citation
Honours
In 2012, the genus name of Eplingiella |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20P.%20Filice | Francesco Pasqual Filice (baptismal name) (August 19, 1922 – July 17, 2015) was an American priest of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Filice was a professor of biology at the University of San Francisco (1947–1976), founder of United for Life of San Francisco (1968), co-founder of the St. Ignatius Institute (1976), co-founder of Priests for Life (1991), and founder of the Holy Family Oratory of St. Philip Neri.
Ancestry
Filice's father, the elder Francesco Filice, descended, on his father's side, from a tribe of shepherds in what is now the Calabria province of Southern Italy. Filice theorizes that his father's family were Jews who took refuge in Southern Italy after the fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 70.
Filice's grandmothers were Rafaella Fortino and Nicolina Pascuzzi, both of whose families descended from the mountain peoples of Celtic descent in Southern Italy. These tribes descend from the Boii, a Celtic people that specialized in cattle raising and filled up the Apennines in Roman times.
The name "Filice" is theorized to be either a form of the word for "fern" in the Southern Italian dialect (in which case, the accent should be on the first 'i') or a corruption of the Latin word for "happy", which is "felix". Both Filice and Joseph G. Fucilla, in his book Our Italian Surnames, support the latter theory. In later years, Fr. Filice would tell his friends that his name meant, "pure Easter joy."
The Filice Family, into which Fr. Filice would be born, went to the Unite |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20sheaf | In algebraic geometry and other areas of mathematics, an ideal sheaf (or sheaf of ideals) is the global analogue of an ideal in a ring. The ideal sheaves on a geometric object are closely connected to its subspaces.
Definition
Let X be a topological space and A a sheaf of rings on X. (In other words, (X, A) is a ringed space.) An ideal sheaf J in A is a subobject of A in the category of sheaves of A-modules, i.e., a subsheaf of A viewed as a sheaf of abelian groups such that
Γ(U, A) · Γ(U, J) ⊆ Γ(U, J)
for all open subsets U of X. In other words, J is a sheaf of A-submodules of A.
General properties
If f: A → B is a homomorphism between two sheaves of rings on the same space X, the kernel of f is an ideal sheaf in A.
Conversely, for any ideal sheaf J in a sheaf of rings A, there is a natural structure of a sheaf of rings on the quotient sheaf A/J. Note that the canonical map
Γ(U, A)/Γ(U, J) → Γ(U, A/J)
for open subsets U is injective, but not surjective in general. (See sheaf cohomology.)
Algebraic geometry
In the context of schemes, the importance of ideal sheaves lies mainly in the correspondence between closed subschemes and quasi-coherent ideal sheaves. Consider a scheme X and a quasi-coherent ideal sheaf J in OX. Then, the support Z of OX/J is a closed subspace of X, and (Z, OX/J) is a scheme (both assertions can be checked locally). It is called the closed subscheme of X defined by J. Conversely, let i: Z → X be a closed immersion, i.e., a morphism which i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebullioscope | In physics, an ebullioscope () is an instrument for measuring the boiling point of a liquid. This can be used for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture, or for determining the molecular weight of a non-volatile solute based on the boiling-point elevation. The procedure is known as ebullioscopy.
The first ebullioscope was invented in 1838 by Honoré Brossard-Vidal, and was used for measuring alcoholic content. The advantage of this method was that the boiling point is relatively insensitive to other components such as sugars. Older alcoholimeters were based on measuring the density, which is more sensitive to the presence of other solutes.
A famous ebullioscope variant was built by Pierre Marie Edouard Malligand, patented in 1876. The device is used by winemakers still to this day to measure the alcohol contents of wines, using the "Malligand degree" (M°) as a unit of measure.
A later version was built by the French chemist François-Marie Raoult, but the difficulty of determining the exact temperature was overcome by the invention of the Beckmann thermometer by Ernst Otto Beckmann in 1887. This improvement made the ebullioscope a standard apparatus to determine the molecular weight of substances in solution by using the ebullioscopic constant of the solvent.
See also
Ebulliometer
References
Laboratory equipment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borden%20Base%20Line | The Borden Base Line is a historic survey line (7.42 miles, long) running north/south through Hatfield and South Deerfield, Massachusetts. It was completed in 1831. It was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1981.
The baseline measurement was the first project of its kind undertaken in America, and essential for Massachusetts' pioneering Trigonometrical Survey, performed under chief engineer Robert Treat Paine. Its careful measurement was critical since the accuracy of the whole triangulation network depended on it.
The baseline was measured with greater accuracy than previously possible by using a new measuring device invented by Simeon Borden, which employed a bi-metallic measuring instrument to provide constant readings despite temperature variations. His apparatus was long, enclosed in a tube, and employed with four compound microscopes.
Borden was a highly competent engineer whose ability was widely recognized. Indeed, the entire project became generally known as the Borden Survey. He measured the baseline with a nominal accuracy of better than one part in 5 million. As Professor A. D. Butterfield has written, "The work performed and results obtained far surpassed in magnitude and attainment of any previous work of this kind in America."
It appears that the north end of the baseline lies just south of the intersection of today's Route 116 and Route 5 in South Deerfield, Massachusetts. According to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Neville%20Vazeille%20Temperley | Professor Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (4 March 1915 – 27 March 2017), better known as Neville Temperley, was an applied mathematician who made numerous contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics, graph theory and the physics of liquids and gases. He was awarded the title Doctor of Science as a fellow of King's College Cambridge, before working for the Admiralty on numerical modelling of underwater explosions during World War 2. He continued his work on the physical properties of liquids at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston until 1965.
Professor Neville Temperley was head of the Applied Mathematics Department at Swansea University for 17 years until his retirement in 1982. He received the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1992.
His father, Harold William Vazeille Temperley, was a distinguished British historian. He was the father of Virginia (Wagstaff) Julian, creator of Somerset Cider Brandy, Humphrey of Vignobles Temperley a fine wine producer and former Chairman of Somerset County Council and grandfather of: Alice Temperley, fashion designer of London, William Temperley, Mary Temperley, Matilda Temperley, Will Wagstaff, Edward Temperley editor of magicseaweed.com, Kate Temperley, Jane Wagstaff and Henry Temperley. He had nine great grandchildren.
In 2015, Temperley celebrated his 100th birthday. He died on 27 March 2017 at the age of 102.
Selected publications
See also
Temperley–Lieb algebra
FKT algorithm
References
Ext |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Scherzer | Otto Scherzer (9 March 1909 – 15 November 1982) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to electron microscopy.
Education
Scherzer studied physics at the Munich Technical University and the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU) from 1927 to 1931. At LMU his thesis advisor was Arnold Sommerfeld, and he was granted his doctorate in 1931. His thesis was on the quantum theory of Bremsstrahlung. From 1932 to 1933, Scherzer was an assistant to Carl Ramsauer at the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft, an electric combine with headquarters in Berlin and Frankfurt-on-Main. There, he did research on electron optics. He completed his Habilitation in 1934, and he then became a Privatdozent at LMU and an assistant to Sommerfeld.
Career
In 1935, Scherzer moved to the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt In 1936, he became an extraordinarius professor and director of the theoretical physics department. In a landmark 1936 paper, Scherzer proved that the spherical and chromatic aberrations of a rotationally symmetric, static, space-charge-free, dioptric lens for electron beams cannot be eliminated by skillful design, in contrast to the case for glass lenses. This was later called Scherzer's theorem and is the only named and well-established theorem in the field of charged particle optics. In 1947, Scherzer published a sequel to this paper proposing various corrected lenses, dependent upon abandoning one or other requirements as set forth in the 1936 paper. Sc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20Curse | Math Curse is a children's picture book written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith. Published in 1995 through Viking Press, the book tells the story of a student who is cursed by the manner in which mathematics is connected to everyday life. In 2009, a film based on the book was released by Weston Woods Studios, Inc.
Plot summary
The nameless student begins with a seemingly innocent statement by her math teacher: "you know, almost everything in life can be considered a math problem." The next morning, the hero finds herself thinking of the time she needs to get up along the lines of algebra. Next comes the mathematical school of probability, followed by charts and statistics. As the narrator slowly turns into a "math zombie", everything in her life is transformed into a problem. A class treat of cupcakes becomes a study in fractions, while a trip to the store turns into a problem of money. Finally, she is left painstakingly calculating how many minutes of "math madness" will be in her life now that she is a "mathematical lunatic." Her sister asks her what her problem is, and she responds, "365 days x 24 hours x 60 minutes." Finally, she collapses on her bed, and dreams that she is trapped in a blackboard-room covered in math problems. Armed with only a piece of chalk, she must escape and she manages to do just that by breaking the chalk in half, because "two halves make a whole." She escapes through this "whole", and awakens the next morning with the ability to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogun%20%28toolbox%29 | Shogun is a free, open-source machine learning software library written in C++. It offers numerous algorithms and data structures for machine learning problems. It offers interfaces for Octave, Python, R, Java, Lua, Ruby and C# using SWIG.
It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.
Description
The focus of Shogun is on kernel machines such as support vector machines for regression and classification problems. Shogun also offers a full implementation of Hidden Markov models.
The core of Shogun is written in C++ and offers interfaces for MATLAB, Octave, Python, R, Java, Lua, Ruby and C#.
Shogun has been under active development since 1999. Today there is a vibrant user community all over the world using Shogun as a base for research and education, and contributing to the core package.
Supported algorithms
Currently Shogun supports the following algorithms:
Support vector machines
Dimensionality reduction algorithms, such as PCA, Kernel PCA, Locally Linear Embedding, Hessian Locally Linear Embedding, Local Tangent Space Alignment, Linear Local Tangent Space Alignment, Kernel Locally Linear Embedding, Kernel Local Tangent Space Alignment, Multidimensional Scaling, Isomap, Diffusion Maps, Laplacian Eigenmaps
Online learning algorithms such as SGD-QN, Vowpal Wabbit
Clustering algorithms: k-means and GMM
Kernel Ridge Regression, Support Vector Regression
Hidden Markov Models
K-Nearest Neighbors
Linear discriminant analysis
Kern |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence%20counting%20%28physics%29 | In quantum physics, coincidence counting is used in experiments testing particle non-locality and quantum entanglement. In these experiments two or more particles are created from the same initial packet of energy, inexorably linking/entangling their physical properties. Separate particle detectors measure the quantum states of each particle and send the resulting signal to a coincidence counter. In any experiment studying entanglement, the entangled particles are vastly outnumbered by non-entangled particles which are also detected; patternless noise that drowns out the entangled signal. In a two detector system, a coincidence counter alleviates this problem by only recording detection signals that strike both detectors simultaneously (or more accurately, recording only signals that arrive at both detectors and correlate to the same emission time). This ensures that the data represents only entangled particles.
However, since no detector/counter circuit has infinitely precise temporal resolution (due both to limitations in the electronics and the laws of the Universe itself), detections must be sorted into time bins (detection windows equivalent to the temporal resolution of the system). Detections in the same bin appear to occur at the same time because their individual detection times cannot be resolved any further. Thus in a two detector system, two unrelated, non-entangled particles may randomly strike both detectors, get sorted into the same time bin, and create a fal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20cycle | In mathematics, an algebraic cycle on an algebraic variety V is a formal linear combination of subvarieties of V. These are the part of the algebraic topology of V that is directly accessible by algebraic methods. Understanding the algebraic cycles on a variety can give profound insights into the structure of the variety.
The most trivial case is codimension zero cycles, which are linear combinations of the irreducible components of the variety. The first non-trivial case is of codimension one subvarieties, called divisors. The earliest work on algebraic cycles focused on the case of divisors, particularly divisors on algebraic curves. Divisors on algebraic curves are formal linear combinations of points on the curve. Classical work on algebraic curves related these to intrinsic data, such as the regular differentials on a compact Riemann surface, and to extrinsic properties, such as embeddings of the curve into projective space.
While divisors on higher-dimensional varieties continue to play an important role in determining the structure of the variety, on varieties of dimension two or more there are also higher codimension cycles to consider. The behavior of these cycles is strikingly different from that of divisors. For example, every curve has a constant N such that every divisor of degree zero is linearly equivalent to a difference of two effective divisors of degree at most N. David Mumford proved that, on a smooth complete complex algebraic surface S with po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortest-path%20tree | In mathematics and computer science, a shortest-path tree rooted at a vertex v of a connected, undirected graph G is a spanning tree T of G, such that the path distance from root v to any other vertex u in T is the shortest path distance from v to u in G.
In connected graphs where shortest paths are well-defined (i.e. where there are no negative-length cycles), we may construct a shortest-path tree using the following algorithm:
Compute dist(u), the shortest-path distance from root v to vertex u in G using Dijkstra's algorithm or Bellman–Ford algorithm.
For all non-root vertices u, we can assign to u a parent vertex pu such that pu is connected to u, and that dist(pu) + edge_dist(pu,u) = dist(u). In case multiple choices for pu exist, choose pu for which there exists a shortest path from v to pu with as few edges as possible; this tie-breaking rule is needed to prevent loops when there exist zero-length cycles.
Construct the shortest-path tree using the edges between each node and its parent.
The above algorithm guarantees the existence of shortest-path trees. Like minimum spanning trees, shortest-path trees in general are not unique.
In graphs for which all edge weights are equal, shortest path trees coincide with breadth-first search trees.
In graphs that have negative cycles, the set of shortest simple paths from v to all other vertices do not necessarily form a tree.
For simple connected graphs, shortest-path trees can be used to suggest a non-linear relationship |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9venin | Thévenin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Charles Thévenin (1764–1838), neoclassical French painter
Denis Thévenin, birth name of French author Georges Duhamel
Léon Charles Thévenin (1857–1926), French engineer
Thévenin's theorem, electrical engineering theorem developed by him
Nicolas Thévenin (born 1958), bishop and Vatican diplomat
Olivier Thévenin (born 1968), French racing driver |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20Niessen | Karel Frederik Niessen (1895 in Velsen – 1967) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and is known for the Pauli–Niessen model.
Education
Niessen began his studies in physics at the University of Utrecht in 1914. In 1922, he received his doctorate under L. S. Ornstein. He was an assistant at the University from 1921 to 1928, except for his postdoctoral study and research at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld, 1925 to 1926 on a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship. He also spent 1928 to 1929 on a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
In 1922, Niessen’s doctoral thesis, as well as Wolfgang Pauli’s extended doctoral thesis, dealt with the hydrogen molecule ion in the Bohr–Sommerfeld framework. Their work is referred to as the Pauli-Niessen model. Their works helped to show the inadequacy of the old quantum mechanics, which gave physicists the impetus to explore new paths which led to the matrix mechanics formulation of quantum mechanics by Werner Heisenberg and Max Born in 1925 and the wave mechanics formulation by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926, which were shown to be equivalent.
Career
Upon Niessen’s return to the Netherlands in 1929, he took a lifelong position as a theoretical physicist at Philips Electronics in Eindhoven.
Selected Literature
Karel F. Niessen Zur Quantentheorie des Wasserstoffmolekülions, doctoral dissertation, University of Utrecht, Utrecht: I. Van |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Jaffray | David A. Jaffray is a Canadian medical physicist and Senior Scientist in the Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging at the Ontario Cancer Institute. He is also a professor and Vice Chair in the University of Toronto's Department of Radiation Oncology. He is the inventor, together with John Wong and Jeffrey Siewerdsen, of on-line volumetric kv-imaging guidance system for radiation therapy.
He was named as one of "Canada's Top 40 Under 40" in 2003 by Caldwell Partners.
On 21 May 2019, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center announced that Jaffray would be joining the institution as its "first chief technology and digital officer".
Publications
Cited by 126
References
CTV News – Treatment allows better targeting of tumours. Updated Sat. Nov. 13 2004 9:39 PM ET
The Globe and Mail, David Jaffray: Image Maker
External links
Research at University Health Network – David A. Jaffray, PhD, Senior Scientist, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI)
University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics – David Jaffray
Canadian physicists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Medical physicists
Scientists from Toronto |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M8%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, M8 is a block cipher designed by Hitachi in 1999. It is a modification of Hitachi's earlier M6 algorithm, designed for greater security and high performance in both hardware and 32-bit software implementations. M8 was registered by Hitachi in March 1999 as ISO/IEC 9979-0020.
Like M6, M8 is a Feistel cipher with a block size of 64 bits. The round function can include 32-bit rotations, XORs, and modular addition, making it an early example of an ARX cipher.
The cipher features a variable number of rounds (any positive integer N), each of which has a structure determined by a round-specific "algorithm decision key". Making the rounds key-dependent is intended to make cryptanalysis more difficult (see FROG for a similar design philosophy).
Cipher description
The round count can be set to any positive integer N, but a round count of at least 10 is recommended. The key consists of four components: a 64-bit data key, 256-bit key expansion key, a set of N 24-bit algorithm decision keys, and a set of N 96-bit algorithm expansion keys.
The round function is used for both key expansion and encryption/decryption. The key expansion process transforms the 64-bit data key and 256-bit key expansion key into a 256-bit execution key, consisting of 4 pairs of 32-bit numbers .
The cipher has a typical Feistel cipher design. First, the 64-bit input block is split into two 32-bit halves. In each round, the left half undergoes a key-dependent transformation, and is then combi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98jvind%20Moestrup | Øjvind Moestrup (born 15 December 1941) is a Danish aquatic botanist, working particularly with the classification of algae. He worked at the Botanical Institute at the University of Copenhagen and is a professor emeritus in the Department of Biology there. He published over 100 scientific papers.
Moestrup received his doctorate in biology from the University of Copenhagen in 1983, and has worked with the Fishery Inspection Service of the Danish Ministry of Fisheries. His major areas of research include the taxonomy of planktonic algae, haptophytes, toxic diatoms and raphidophytes.
Honours
In 2012 Professor Moestrup received the Yasumoto Award for excellence in his lifetime dedicated work of research on the biology, taxonomy and ultrastructure of microalgae.
The following have been named after him:
Gyrodinium moestrupii
Moestrupia
Ochromonas moestrupii
Platychrysis moestrupii
Pyramimonas moestrupii
Resultomonas moestrupii
References
20th-century Danish botanists
Danish phycologists
Botanists with author abbreviations
1941 births
Living people
21st-century Danish botanists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Arthur%20%28mathematician%29 | James Greig Arthur (born May 18, 1944) is a Canadian mathematician working on automorphic forms, and former President of the American Mathematical Society. He is a Mossman Chair and University Professor at the University of Toronto Department of Mathematics.
Education and career
Born in Hamilton, Ontario, Arthur graduated from Upper Canada College in 1962, received a BSc from the University of Toronto in 1966, and a MSc from the same institution in 1967. He received his PhD from Yale University in 1970. He was
a student of Robert Langlands; his dissertation was Analysis of Tempered Distributions on Semisimple Lie Groups of Real Rank One.
Arthur taught at Yale from 1970 until 1976. He joined the faculty of Duke University in 1976. He has been a professor at the University of Toronto since 1978. He was four times a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study between 1976 and 2002.
Contributions
Arthur is known for the Arthur–Selberg trace formula, generalizing the Selberg trace formula from the rank-one case (due to Selberg himself) to general reductive groups, one of the most important tools for research on the Langlands program. He also introduced the Arthur conjectures.
Recognition
Arthur was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1981 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1992. In 1998 he was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sci |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durium | Durium is a highly durable synthetic resin developed in 1929. It was used in phonograph records, as well as in the casting process for metallic type and in the aeronautics industry.
Origin
It is a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, the result of research by Hal T. Beans, professor of chemistry at Columbia University.
Properties
The resin is flexible, tasteless, odorless, fire and waterproof. It is highly resistant to heat and was heated to in production of records. It is fast-setting, reducing the production cost of items made from it.
Applications
Being resistant to fire and water, the resin was used as a substitute for varnish on aeronautical parts.
It was commercialized by Durium Products Company (renamed Durium Products, Inc., from 1931) as the medium for Hit of the Week records, from 1930 to 1932. The resin was bonded to a cardboard substrate and, being much lighter than its competitor shellac, was sold at newstands for only 15 cents per disc.
References
Synthetic resins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20R.%20Bennett%20Jr. | William Ralph Bennett Jr. (January 30, 1930 – June 29, 2008) was an American physicist known for his pioneering work on gas lasers. He spent most of his career on the faculty of Yale University.
Career
The son of the noted physicist William R. Bennett Sr., Bennett Jr. received his bachelor's degree in physics from Princeton University. Bennett's graduate work in physics was on spectroscopy and collisions of the second kind in the noble gases. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University. Bennett became a tenured professor at Yale University in 1962 and retired in 2000.
He and Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser (the helium-neon laser) at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. He discovered the argon ion laser, was first to observe spectral hole burning effects in gas lasers, and created a theory of hole burning effects on laser oscillation. He was co-discoverer of lasers using electron impact excitation in each of the noble gases, dissociative excitation transfer in the neon-oxygen laser (the first chemical laser), and collision excitation in several metal vapor lasers. He was one of the first to incorporate the use of computers to teach physics and, with his daughter Dr. Jean Bennett, devised a method of real-time spectral phonocardiography for the detection and classification of heart murmurs. He set a stringent limit on the existence of “The Fifth Force” and showed that it was improbable that magnetic fields from power lines could cause cancer. He wrote |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering%20length | The scattering length in quantum mechanics describes low-energy scattering. For potentials that decay faster than as , it is defined as the following low-energy limit:
where is the scattering length, is the wave number, and is the phase shift of the outgoing spherical wave. The elastic cross section, , at low energies is determined solely by the scattering length:
General concept
When a slow particle scatters off a short ranged scatterer (e.g. an impurity in a solid or a heavy particle) it cannot resolve the structure of the object since its de Broglie wavelength is very long. The idea is that then it should not be important what precise potential one scatters off, but only how the potential looks at long length scales. The formal way to solve this problem is to do a partial wave expansion (somewhat analogous to the multipole expansion in classical electrodynamics), where one expands in the angular momentum components of the outgoing wave. At very low energy the incoming particle does not see any structure, therefore to lowest order one has only a spherical outgoing wave, called the s-wave in analogy with the atomic orbital at angular momentum quantum number l=0. At higher energies one also needs to consider p and d-wave (l=1,2) scattering and so on.
The idea of describing low energy properties in terms of a few parameters and symmetries is very powerful, and is also behind the concept of renormalization.
The concept of the scattering length can also be extended to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus%20Tubero | Ludovicus Cerva Tubero (, , his surname is also written Cervarius; 1459–1527), was a Ragusan historian, known for his historiographic work on the Jagiellon period in Hungary.
Life
He was born in Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik) into the House of Cerva. He studied philosophy, theology and mathematics in Paris. At the age of 25 he entered the Benedictine Order and became dedicated to investigating ancient Roman historical works and studying local history. For twenty years he worked at the monastery of St. Jacob at Višnjica near Dubrovnik.
A part of his work that presents detailed description of the Ottoman Empire was first published in 1590 in Florence. It was titled "Commentary on the origin, customs and history of the Turks" ().
Tuberon's chief work Writings on the Present Age (Commentaria temporum suorum) was first published in 1603 and was printed a few times. This historical work chronicles the history from the death of king Matthias Corvinus in 1490 until the death of Pope Leo X in 1522. The text offers a basic source of the Jagiellon period in the Kingdom of Hungary. In it Tuberon, drawing on Sallustius and Tacitus, accurately and descriptively showed the events, personalities, social and economic events on the wide area between Buda and Constantinople from 1490 to 1522.
References
1459 births
1527 deaths
Ragusan Benedictines
Ragusan historians
16th-century historians
People from Dubrovnik |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic%20acid%20quantitation | In molecular biology, quantitation of nucleic acids is commonly performed to determine the average concentrations of DNA or RNA present in a mixture, as well as their purity. Reactions that use nucleic acids often require particular amounts and purity for optimum performance. To date, there are two main approaches used by scientists to quantitate, or establish the concentration, of nucleic acids (such as DNA or RNA) in a solution. These are spectrophotometric quantification and UV fluorescence tagging in presence of a DNA dye.
Spectrophotometric analysis
One of the most commonly used practices to quantitate DNA or RNA is the use of spectrophotometric analysis using a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is able to determine the average concentrations of the nucleic acids DNA or RNA present in a mixture, as well as their purity.
Spectrophotometric analysis is based on the principles that nucleic acids absorb ultraviolet light in a specific pattern. In the case of DNA and RNA, a sample is exposed to ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 260 nanometres (nm) and a photo-detector measures the light that passes through the sample. Some of the ultraviolet light will pass through and some will be absorbed by the DNA / RNA. The more light absorbed by the sample, the higher the nucleic acid concentration in the sample. The resulting effect is that less light will strike the photodetector and this will produce a higher optical density (OD)
Using the Beer–Lambert law it is possible |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20H.%20Yates%20Jr. | Major General Walter Harvey Yates Jr. (born November 6, 1941) is a retired United States Army officer who served as Deputy Commanding General of the Fifth United States Army. He is a native of Hattiesburg, Mississippi and 1963 graduate of The University of Southern Mississippi with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics. He also holds a Master of Science degree in Foreign Affairs from George Washington University. In addition, General Yates attended the DOD Joint Warfighting course and the Harvard program for National and International Securities Studies.
During his career, Yates held a variety of important command and staff positions to include Deputy Commanding General V (US) Corps, United States Army Europe from September 26, 1994 to September 24, 1996; Assistant Division Commander (Maneuver), 3rd Armored Division; Commander of the Giessen Military Community, United States Army Europe; Commander U.S. Army Berlin and the Berlin Brigade, United States Army Europe; and Deputy Director National Military Command Center J-3 and Chief of Conventional Plans Division J-7, the Joint Staff, Washington, D.C. A graduate of the Army Aviation School, he also served as commanding officer of the 503rd Aviation Battalion (Combat), the Apache Training Brigade and the 6th Cavalry Brigade. Yates retired from active duty on January 31, 1998.
His military decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster, Distin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20J.%20Rapaport | William Joseph Rapaport is a North American philosopher who is an Associate Professor Emeritus of the University at Buffalo.
Philosophical work
Rapaport has done research and written extensively on intentionality and artificial intelligence. He has research interests in computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), computational linguistics, cognitive science, logic and mathematics, and published many scientific articles on them.
While a philosophy graduate student at Indiana University in 1972, he concocted the sentence: "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo". Throughout his career he developed this theme, and discussed it extensively.
His early work on nonexistent objects was influenced by Alexius Meinong.
Rapaport has written on the field of intentionality, influencing scientists and writers including Daniel Dennett, Héctor-Neri Castañeda (who was his doctoral advisor) and John Searle (with whom he disagrees).
Rapaport is interested in science educational theory, and received the New York Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching.
Other activities
In June 1988, Rapaport compiled a list of restaurants in the Buffalo area for attendees of an ACL meeting at SUNY Buffalo. The list was continued, becoming interactive, with user reviews of restaurants.
Rapaport and his wife Mary, with whom he has a son Michael, are the principal donors to the Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown, NY. The Desilu Playhouse, located in the Rapaport Cent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Kingsmill%20Abbott | Reverend Thomas Kingsmill Abbott (26 March 1829 – 18 December 1913) was an Irish scholar and educator.
Biography
Abbott was born in Dublin and was educated at Trinity College. He was elected a scholar in 1848, graduated in 1851 as a senior moderator in mathematics and was made a fellow of the college in 1854. He obtained an M.A. and a D.Litt. (1891) from Trinity, and was ordained a minister in the Church of Ireland.
In 1852 he solved a geometrical problem posed by J. J. Sylvester.
He occupied the chair of moral philosophy (1867–72), of biblical Greek (1875–88), and of Hebrew (1879–1900). In 1887 he was elected librarian in Trinity and, in 1900, completed catalogues of the library's manuscript holdings. He became a senior fellow in 1897. He was one of a group of Irish scholars, including J. P. Mahaffy, who made significant contributions to the dissemination and study of the works of Immanuel Kant. His translation of Kant's Critique of Practical Reason remained the standard English version of the text well into the 20th century.
In June 1901, he received an honorary doctorate in Divinity from the University of Glasgow.
In 1859 he married Caroline Kingsmill, eldest daughter of the penologist Rev. Joseph Kingsmill.
He died in Killiney in Dublin on 18 December 1913.
Select bibliography
On a Greek Biblical Fragment Hermathena vol. XVII 1891, pp. 233–235.
A collation of four important manuscripts of the Gospels : with a view to prove their common origin, and to restore th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematic%20chain | In mechanical engineering, a kinematic chain is an assembly of rigid bodies connected by joints to provide constrained motion that is the mathematical model for a mechanical system. As the word chain suggests, the rigid bodies, or links, are constrained by their connections to other links. An example is the simple open chain formed by links connected in series, like the usual chain, which is the kinematic model for a typical robot manipulator.
Mathematical models of the connections, or joints, between two links are termed kinematic pairs. Kinematic pairs model the hinged and sliding joints fundamental to robotics, often called lower pairs and the surface contact joints critical to cams and gearing, called higher pairs. These joints are generally modeled as holonomic constraints. A kinematic diagram is a schematic of the mechanical system that shows the kinematic chain.
The modern use of kinematic chains includes compliance that arises from flexure joints in precision mechanisms, link compliance in compliant mechanisms and micro-electro-mechanical systems, and cable compliance in cable robotic and tensegrity systems.
Mobility formula
The degrees of freedom, or mobility, of a kinematic chain is the number of parameters that define the configuration of the chain.
A system of rigid bodies moving in space has degrees of freedom measured relative to a fixed frame. This frame is included in the count of bodies, so that mobility does not depend on link that forms the fix |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasheed%20Araeen | Rasheed Araeen (; born 15 June 1935) is a Karachi-born, London-based conceptual artist, sculptor, painter, writer, and curator. He graduated in civil engineering from the NED University of Engineering and Technology in 1962, and has been working as a visual artist bridging life, art and activism since his arrival in London from Pakistan in 1964.
Art career
Araeen was pursuing a career as an engineer in Karachi when he was first exposed to avant-garde art. This arrived through two channels: imported Western books and magazines and contact with Pakistani contemporary artists. Consequently, he decided to pursue art-making and embarked on a second career.
Upon arriving in London in 1964, Araeen began working as an artist without any formal training, producing sculptures influenced by Minimalism and the work of Anthony Caro alongside his engineering experience. By his own account, works created or imagined in this period such as Chakras (1969–1970) and Zero to Infinity (1968–2004), while using basic structural units such as cubes, lattice and discs, were process-based and open to transformation by "the creative energy of the collective". Concepts of this period would make ripple effects throughout his career, both formally and politically. Chakras, the 16 red painted circular discs released on the water from Saint Katherine's Dock in 1970, would later evolve and give rise to the concept of Disco Sailing (1970–74), a new form between floating sculpture and dance. The work was re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGU%20%28disambiguation%29 | MGU is Moscow State University ( Moskovskiy gosudarstvenn'y universitet imeni M. V. Lomonosova, ).
MGU may also refer to:
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala
Manufacturing Grocers' Employees' Federation of Australia
Most general unifier, in computer science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allomerism | Allomerism is the similarity in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition.
References
Penguin Science Dictionary 1994, Penguin Books
Solid-state chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hinkley | David Victor Hinkley (10 September 1944 – 11 January 2019) was a statistician known for his research in statistical models and inference and for his graduate-level books.
Early life
David Victor Hinkley was born on 10 September 1944 in Kent, England. He studied mathematics and statistics at the University of Birmingham. He earned a PhD from the University of London (now Imperial College London) in 1969 under the supervision of David R. Cox.
Career
While working on his PhD, Hinkley was appointed to a junior lectureship at the University of London. He spent the years 1969 to 1971 at Stanford University. In 1971, he returned to London, and then, in 1973, he moved to the University of Minnesota where he was a member of the faculty. In 1983, Hinkley moved to the University of Texas at Austin and became a faculty member. In 1989, he moved to lead the new department of statistics at the University of Oxford. In 1995, he became a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He also served as chair of the department of statistics and applied probability from 1995 to 2002. He served as the director of undergraduate studies from 2003 to 2007. He retired from UC Santa Barbara in 2014.
In 1974 Hinkley and Cox published Theoretical Statistics, a textbook on statistical inference. Hinkley also collaborated with Bradley Efron, in particular on writing a paper on maximizing the conditional likelihood function and on using the observed Fisher information. Hinkley was an expert |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Glitscher | Karl Glitscher (1886 – 1945) was a German physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics.
Education
Glitscher studied under Arnold Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. For his doctoral dissertation, Sommerfeld asked Glitscher to compare the relativistic theory of the electron with Max Abraham's theory of the rigid electron relative to the fine structure of spectral lines. Following a suggestion by Wilhelm Lenz, a former student of Sommerfeld who received his doctorate in 1911, Glitscher was able to calculate the fine structure spectra and he found that the rigid electron was ruled out by Friedrich Paschen's data on one-electron atoms and the X-ray spectral doublets. Glitscher's theoretical calculations served as his doctoral thesis, and he was awarded his doctorate in 1917.
Career
Glitscher filed a patent in Germany in 1930 and in the United States in 1931 for an artificial horizon indicator for vehicles or similar platforms. The patent was assigned to Gesellschaft für elektrische Apparate mbH, in Marienfelde-Berlin. The Gesellschaft für elektrische Apparate (Gelap) was founded in 1920 to refine technical military equipment. Gelap evolved from the signals department of Siemens & Halske and produced communication and command systems for military organizations and commercial shipping.
Selected Literature
Karl Glitscher Spektroskopischer Vergleich zwischen den Theorien des starren und des deformierbaren Elektrons, Annalen der Physik 52 608–6 |
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