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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Mallard | John Rowland Mallard OBE FRSE FREng (14 January 1927 – 25 February 2021) was an English physicist and professor of Medical Physics at the University of Aberdeen from 1965 until his retirement in 1992. He was known for setting up and leading the team that developed the first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) full body scanner and, in particular, positron emission tomography (PET). He was born in Kingsthorpe, Northampton, England.
Career
Mallard completed his PhD research into magnetic properties of uranium at University College, Nottingham under Professor Leslie Fleetwood Bates in 1947.
Mallard worked as Assistant Physicist with the Liverpool Radium Institute where he completed his training in hospital physics. He joined Hammersmith Hospital and Post Graduate Medical School in 1953, and in 1959 Mallard developed the first whole-body isotope scanner (homemade) in the UK, used for detecting a brain tumour, with C. J. Peachey. Mallard published his theories on electron spin resonance and cancer in the journal Nature in 1964 but they went largely unnoticed. In 1965 he was appointed the first chair of Medical Physics at the University of Aberdeen, predicting at his first lecture that positron emission tomography (PET) would become one of the most important tools for diagnosis and studying of diseases. Mallard brought to Scotland its first PET scanner, leading a national fundraising campaign and agreeing to bring a second-hand research machine from London. The scanner was located i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selected%20Areas%20in%20Cryptography | Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC) is an international cryptography conference (originally a workshop) held every August in Canada since 1994. The first workshop was organized by Carlisle Adams, Henk Meijer, Stafford Tavares and Paul van Oorschot. Through 1999, SAC was hosted at either Queen's University or Carleton University, but starting in 2000, locations have ranged across Canada. SAC has featured research presentations on many cryptographic topics, with a traditional focus on the design and analysis of block ciphers. SAC is regarded as a high-quality venue for presenting cryptographic results, and is the only cryptography conference held annually in Canada. Since 2003, SAC has included an invited lecture called the Stafford Tavares Lecture, in honor of one of its original organizers and strongest supporters.
Each year, SAC features four topics:
Design and analysis of symmetric key primitives and cryptosystems including block and stream ciphers, hash functions, MAC algorithms, and authenticated encryption schemes.
Efficient implementations of symmetric and public key algorithms.
Mathematical and algorithmic aspects of applied cryptology.
A special topic selected by the current co-chairs that may vary from year to year.
The "SAC" acronym is also a tongue-in-cheek reference to the strict avalanche criterion, a cryptographic property defined in terms of Boolean functions.
External links
Main SAC conference page
Cryptography conferences |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford%20Tavares | Stafford Emanuel Tavares is a Canadian cryptographer, professor emeritus at Queen's University.
His notable work includes the design (with Carlisle Adams) of the block ciphers CAST-128 and CAST-256. He also helped organize the first Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC) workshop in 1994. Since 2003, SAC has included an invited lecture in his honor, the Stafford Tavares Lecture.
Tavares received his Ph.D. in 1968 from McGill University.
In 2018 he was elected as a fellow of the International Association for Cryptologic Research, "for significant contributions to the design and analysis of block ciphers, for founding the SAC conference, and for service to the IACR".
References
External links
Living people
Modern cryptographers
McGill University alumni
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Year of birth missing (living people)
International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman%20Prize%20in%20Nanotechnology | The Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology is an award given by the Foresight Institute for significant advances in nanotechnology. Two prizes are awarded annually, in the categories of experimental and theoretical work. There is also a separate challenge award for making a nanoscale robotic arm and 8-bit adder.
Overview
The Feynman Prize consists of annual prizes in experimental and theory categories, as well as a one-time challenge award. They are awarded by the Foresight Institute, a nanotechnology advocacy organization. The prizes are named in honor of physicist Richard Feynman, whose 1959 talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom is considered by nanotechnology advocates to have inspired and informed the start of the field of nanotechnology.
The annual Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology is awarded for pioneering work in nanotechnology, towards the goal of constructing atomically precise products through molecular machine systems. Input on prize candidates comes from both Foresight Institute personnel and outside academic and commercial organizations. The awardees are selected mainly by an annually changing body of former winners and other academics. The prize is considered prestigious, and authors of one study considered it to be reasonably representative of notable research in the parts of nanotechnology under its scope.
The separate Feynman Grand Prize is a $250,000 challenge award to the first persons to create both a nanoscale robotic arm capable of precise positiona |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative%20and%20Comparative%20Biology | Integrative and Comparative Biology is the scientific journal for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Society of Zoologists). Prior to volume 42 (2002), the journal was known as American Zoologist .
See also
List of zoology journals
External links
Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Zoology journals
Oxford University Press academic journals
English-language journals
Scientific comparisons
Academic journals established in 1961
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies of the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator%20%28category%20theory%29 | In mathematics, specifically category theory, a family of generators (or family of separators) of a category is a collection of objects in , such that for any two distinct morphisms in , that is with , there is some in and some morphism such that If the collection consists of a single object , we say it is a generator (or separator).
Generators are central to the definition of Grothendieck categories.
The dual concept is called a cogenerator or coseparator.
Examples
In the category of abelian groups, the group of integers is a generator: If f and g are different, then there is an element , such that . Hence the map suffices.
Similarly, the one-point set is a generator for the category of sets. In fact, any nonempty set is a generator.
In the category of sets, any set with at least two elements is a cogenerator.
In the category of modules over a ring R, a generator in a finite direct sum with itself contains an isomorphic copy of R as a direct summand. Consequently, a generator module is faithful, i.e. has zero annihilator.
References
, p. 123, section V.7
External links
Category theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moseley%20Wrought%20Iron%20Arch%20Bridge | The Moseley Wrought Iron Arch Bridge, also known as the Upper Pacific Mills Bridge, is a historic, riveted, wrought iron bowstring arch bridge now located on the campus of Merrimack College in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was added to the National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark list in 1998 and was originally part of the North Canal Historic District on the National Register of Historic Place. It is the oldest iron bridge in Massachusetts, and one of the oldest iron bridges in the United States. It was the first bridge in the United States to use riveted wrought iron plates for the triangular-shaped top chord.
The bridge was completed in 1864 as Moseley Truss Bridge built by the Moseley Iron Building Works of Boston, to connect the Pacific Mills with Canal Street in Lawrence, Massachusetts, by spanning the North Canal. It partially collapsed in the late 1980s, but in 1989 it was removed to the Merrimack College campus in North Andover and was rehabilitated under the direction of Francis E. Griggs, Jr., Professor of Civil Engineering. It was placed over a campus pond as a footbridge, and was rededicated in this new location on October 23, 1995.
See also
Hares Hill Road Bridge
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Massachusetts
Zenas King
References
External links
Wrought iron bridges in the United States
Bridges completed in 1864
Former road bridges in the United States
Pedestrian bridges in Massachusetts
Relocated buildings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20%2B%202%20%2B%204%20%2B%208%20%2B%20%E2%8B%AF | In mathematics, is the infinite series whose terms are the successive powers of two. As a geometric series, it is characterized by its first term, 1, and its common ratio, 2. As a series of real numbers it diverges to infinity, so the sum of this series is infinity.
However, it can be manipulated to yield a number of mathematically interesting results. For example, many summation methods are used in mathematics to assign numerical values even to a divergent series. For example, the Ramanujan summation of this series is −1, which is the limit of the series using the 2-adic metric.
Summation
The partial sums of are since these diverge to infinity, so does the series.
It is written as :
Therefore, any totally regular summation method gives a sum of infinity, including the Cesàro sum and Abel sum. On the other hand, there is at least one generally useful method that sums to the finite value of −1. The associated power series
has a radius of convergence around 0 of only so it does not converge at Nonetheless, the so-defined function has a unique analytic continuation to the complex plane with the point deleted, and it is given by the same rule Since the original series is said to be summable (E) to −1, and −1 is the (E) sum of the series. (The notation is due to G. H. Hardy in reference to Leonhard Euler's approach to divergent series).
An almost identical approach (the one taken by Euler himself) is to consider the power series whose coefficients are all 1, th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Luby | Michael George Luby is a mathematician and computer scientist, CEO of BitRipple, senior research scientist at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), former VP Technology at Qualcomm, co-founder and former chief technology officer of Digital Fountain. In coding theory he is known for leading the invention of the Tornado codes and the LT codes. In cryptography he is known for his contributions showing that any one-way function can be used as the basis for private cryptography, and for his analysis, in collaboration with Charles Rackoff, of the Feistel cipher construction. His distributed algorithm to find a maximal independent set in a computer network has also been influential.
Luby received his B.Sc. in mathematics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975. In 1983 he was awarded a Ph.D. in computer science from University of California, Berkeley. In 1996–1997, while at the ICSI, he led the team that invented Tornado codes. These were the first LDPC codes based on an irregular degree design that has proved crucial to all later good LDPC code designs, which provably achieve channel capacity for the erasure channel, and which have linear time encoding and decoding algorithms. In 1998 Luby left ICSI to found the Digital Fountain company, and shortly thereafter in 1998 he invented the LT codes, the first practical fountain codes. Qualcomm acquired Digital Fountain in 2009.
Awards
Luby's publications have won the 2002 IEEE Information Theory Society Infor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%E2%80%93Rees%20lemma | In mathematics, the Artin–Rees lemma is a basic result about modules over a Noetherian ring, along with results such as the Hilbert basis theorem. It was proved in the 1950s in independent works by the mathematicians Emil Artin and David Rees; a special case was known to Oscar Zariski prior to their work.
An intuitive characterization of the lemma involves the notion that a submodule N of a module M over some ring A with specified ideal I holds a priori two topologies: one induced by the topology on M, and the other when considered with the I-adic topology over A. Then Artin-Rees dictates that these topologies actually coincide, at least when A is Noetherian and M finitely-generated.
One consequence of the lemma is the Krull intersection theorem. The result is also used to prove the exactness property of completion. The lemma also plays a key role in the study of ℓ-adic sheaves.
Statement
Let I be an ideal in a Noetherian ring R; let M be a finitely generated R-module and let N a submodule of M. Then there exists an integer k ≥ 1 so that, for n ≥ k,
Proof
The lemma immediately follows from the fact that R is Noetherian once necessary notions and notations are set up.
For any ring R and an ideal I in R, we set (B for blow-up.) We say a decreasing sequence of submodules is an I-filtration if ; moreover, it is stable if for sufficiently large n. If M is given an I-filtration, we set ; it is a graded module over .
Now, let M be a R-module with the I-filtration by fini |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Pegg%20%28physicist%29 | Professor David Pegg (born 19 May 1941) is an emeritus professor in theoretical physics at Griffith University, Australia. In his career, he has made numerous contributions to NMR, quantum optics and conceptual physics including the nature of time. He has published approximately 200 papers and his h-index is at least 42. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He is a recipient of the Harrie Massey Medal for Australian physics and of the Centenary Medal for his contribution to quantum theory. He is best known for the Pegg-Barnett phase formalism that provides a quantum mechanical description of the phase of light, for the invention of the DEPT sequence for nuclear magnetic resonance and for the invention of the quantum scissors device.
References
Australian physicists
Living people
1941 births
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Academic staff of Griffith University |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Ruggiero | Francesco Ruggiero (16 August 1957 in Naples, Italy – 18 January 2007 in Geneva, Switzerland) was an Italian physicist.
In 1985, he received his Ph.D. in accelerator physics from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
He participated in the commissioning of Large Electron–Positron Collider, contributed to the Large Hadron Collider design, became the leader of the accelerator group in CERN and finally coordinated the CARE-HHH framework devoted to the LHC upgrade studies (or Super Large Hadron Collider).
For a long period, he also was associate editor of the prestigious Physical Review Accelerators and Beams journal.
A memorial symposium dedicated to Ruggiero took place at CERN on 3 October 2007.
References
External links
His personal web page at CERN
CERN Bulletin article
An abstract of his career published on BEAM’07 Proceedings
Presentations made at 2007 CERN symposium, containing comprehensive summaries of Francesco's contributions to science
PDF presentation of LHC upgrade by Ruggiero
Conference organized by Ruggiero
Scientific publications of Francesco Ruggiero on INSPIRE-HEP
1957 births
2007 deaths
People associated with CERN
20th-century Italian physicists
21st-century Italian physicists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Betts | Edward Ladd Betts (5 June 1815 – 21 January 1872) was an English civil engineering contractor who was mainly involved in the building of railways.
Early life
Edward Betts was born at Buckland, near Dover, son of William Betts (1790–1867), a successful contractor's agent and railway contractor.
He was apprenticed to a builder at Lincoln. However, becoming more interested in engineering, he then worked as agent for Hugh McIntosh building the Black Rock lighthouse at Beaumaris, Anglesey.
Railway contractor
Edward Betts's first railway undertaking was to supervise the building of the Dutton Viaduct on the Grand Junction Railway for Hugh McIntosh under George Stephenson as engineer. After the death of McIntosh in 1840, William Betts & Sons—the family firm now named for Edward and his father—gained contracts on the South Eastern Railway for stretches that included the Marsden-Ashford line, Maidstone Branch, and the Saltwood tunnel. They also obtained large contracts on behalf of David McIntosh for the Midlands County Railway, whereby the Betts family relocated to Leicester, and for the Manchester-Birmingham Railway. After that, Betts continued to gain contracts, especially in the Chester area.
Upon his father's retirement at Bevois Mount, Southampton in 1845, Betts assumed full responsibility for the Betts company business.
Separately, the partnership between the major civil engineering contractors Samuel Morton Peto and Thomas Grissell was dissolved in 1846, and so Betts wo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Gerthsen | Christian Gerthsen (21 November 1894 in Hörup, Alsen, Province of Schleswig-Holstein, German Reich – 8 December 1956 in Karlsruhe, West Germany) was a German physicist who made contributions to atomic and nuclear physics, as well as writing numerous textbooks.
Education
Gerthsen studied at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich from 1913 to 1914. Circa 1914 to 1918, he served in the military. Circa 1919 to 1920 he attended the Georg-August University of Göttingen. In 1920, he went to the University of Kiel. With Walther Kreisel as his advisor, he was awarded his doctorate in 1929. He stayed on as Kossel’s assistant until 1930 and then went to the University of Tübingen as a Privatdozent.
Career
In 1932, Gerthsen was appointed ordinarius professor of experimental physics and director of the physics institute at the University of Giessen. In 1939, he went to the First Physics Institute at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he was director. From 1948, he was at the Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe, where he remained for the rest of his career.
Gerthsen co-authored a number of textbooks with Karl Bechert. One of Gerthsen’s textbooks on physics, first published in 1948, has since his death seen continuous development and is, as of 2020, in its 25th updated edition, more than 50 years after his death.
Selected Literature
C. Gerthsen (Physikalisches Institut der Universität, Kiel) Über die Möglichkeit der Erregung v |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine%20total%20synthesis | The total synthesis of quinine, a naturally-occurring antimalarial drug, was developed over a 150-year period. The development of synthetic quinine is considered a milestone in organic chemistry although it has never been produced industrially as a substitute for natural occurring quinine. The subject has also been attended with some controversy: Gilbert Stork published the first stereoselective total synthesis of quinine in 2001, meanwhile shedding doubt on the earlier claim by Robert Burns Woodward and William Doering in 1944, claiming that the final steps required to convert their last synthetic intermediate, quinotoxine, into quinine would not have worked had Woodward and Doering attempted to perform the experiment. A 2001 editorial published in Chemical & Engineering News sided with Stork, but the controversy was eventually laid to rest once and for all when Williams and coworkers successfully repeated Woodward's proposed conversion of quinotoxine to quinine in 2007.
Chemical structure
The aromatic component of the quinine molecule is a quinoline with a methoxy substituent. The amine component has a quinuclidine skeleton and the methylene bridge in between the two components has a hydroxyl group. The substituent at the 3 position is a vinyl group. The molecule is optically active with five stereogenic centers (the N1 and C4 constituting a single asymmetric unit), making synthesis potentially difficult because it is one of 16 stereoisomers.
Quinine total synthesis timel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Luneburg | Rudolf Karl Lüneburg (30 March 1903, Volkersheim (Bockenem) - 19 August 1949, Great Falls, Montana), after his emigration at first Lueneburg, later Luneburg, sometimes misspelled Luneberg or Lunenberg) was a professor of mathematics and optics at the Dartmouth College Eye Institute. He was born in Germany, received his doctorate at Göttingen, and emigrated to the United States in 1935.
His work included an analysis of the geometry of visual space as expected from physiology and the assumption that the angle of vergence provides a constant measure of distance. From these premises he concluded that near field visual space is hyperbolic.
Bibliography
published in:
Reprint:
See also
Luneburg lens
Luneburg method
1903 births
1949 deaths
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Geometers
Optical physicists
Dartmouth College faculty
20th-century German mathematicians
Academic staff of Leiden University
University of Göttingen alumni
New York University faculty
University of Southern California faculty
Brown University faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium%20isopropoxide | Titanium isopropoxide, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula . This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science. It is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule. Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides.
The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex. Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula . Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol aggregate less. Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents.
Preparation
It is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with isopropanol. Hydrogen chloride is formed as a coproduct:
TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 4 HCl
Properties
Titanium isopropoxide reacts with water to deposit titanium dioxide:
Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH
This reaction is employed in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2-based materials in the form of powders or thin films. Typically water is added in excess to a solution of the alkoxide in an alcohol. The composition, crystallinity and morphology of the inorganic product are determined by the presence of additives (e.g. acetic acid), the amount of water (hydrolysis ratio), and reaction conditions.
The compound is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of certain cyclopropanes in the Kulinkovich reaction. Prochiral thioethers are oxidized enantiosel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss%20cheese | Swiss cheese may refer to:
Cheese
Swiss cheeses and dairy products (from Switzerland)
List of Swiss cheeses
Swiss-type cheeses or Alpine cheeses, a class of cooked pressed cheeses now made in many countries
Swiss cheese (North America), any of several related varieties of cheese that resemble Emmentaler
Biology
Swiss cheese cartilage dysplasia or Kniest dysplasia, a form of dwarfism
Swiss cheese plant (disambiguation)
Mathematics and physics
Swiss cheese (mathematics), subset of the complex plane with circular holes
Swiss cheese features, pits in the south polar ice cap of Mars
Swiss cheese model, of accident causation, used in risk analysis and risk management
See also
Swiss Cheese Union, Swiss marketing body, up to 1999 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiess%20School%20of%20Natural%20Sciences | The Wiess School of Natural Sciences is an academic school at Rice University in Houston, Texas. It comprises the departments of BioSciences (a merging of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology); Chemistry; Earth, Environment and Planetary Sciences; Kinesiology; Mathematics; and Physics and Astronomy. Rice is well known for its groundbreaking research in nanotechnology. As well as undergraduate in instruction, the school also supports a professional science master's program. One of Rice's greatest minds and pioneers of the field was Richard Smalley, the Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics and Astronomy. Smalley received the Nobel Prize (along with chemist Robert Curl) in 1996 for the discovery buckminsterfullerene, an allotrope of carbon commonly referred to as "buckyballs".
About Natural Sciences at Rice
The four founding departments of Rice (Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics) are still a part of the Wiess School, which has historically been known for its strength in the sciences. Its Department of Space Science was established in 1963. The land on which the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center was built was donated by Rice University. Following this, President John F. Kennedy made a speech at Rice Stadium calling on the United States of America to develop its space program further.
Rice is also known for its emphasis on undergraduate education. The Wiess School of Natural Sciences offers research experiences for it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolinguistics | Biolinguistics can be defined as the study of biology and the evolution of language. It is highly interdisciplinary as it is related to various fields such as biology, linguistics, psychology, anthropology, mathematics, and neurolinguistics to explain the formation of language. It is important as it seeks to yield a framework by which we can understand the fundamentals of the faculty of language. This field was first introduced by , professor of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at the University of Arizona. It was first introduced in 1971, at an international meeting at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Biolinguistics, also called the biolinguistic enterprise or the biolinguistic approach, is believed to have its origins in Noam Chomsky's and Eric Lenneberg's work on language acquisition that began in the 1950s as a reaction to the then-dominant behaviorist paradigm. Fundamentally, biolinguistics challenges the view of human language acquisition as a behavior based on stimulus-response interactions and associations. Chomsky and Lenneberg militated against it by arguing for the innate knowledge of language. Chomsky in 1960s proposed the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) as a hypothetical tool for language acquisition that only humans are born with. Similarly, Lenneberg (1967) formulated the Critical Period Hypothesis, the main idea of which being that language acquisition is biologically constrained. These works were regarded as pioneers in the shaping of bioli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty%20acid%20synthesis | In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Most of the acetyl-CoA which is converted into fatty acids is derived from carbohydrates via the glycolytic pathway. The glycolytic pathway also provides the glycerol with which three fatty acids can combine (by means of ester bonds) to form triglycerides (also known as "triacylglycerols" – to distinguish them from fatty "acids" – or simply as "fat"), the final product of the lipogenic process. When only two fatty acids combine with glycerol and the third alcohol group is phosphorylated with a group such as phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid is formed. Phospholipids form the bulk of the lipid bilayers that make up cell membranes and surrounds the organelles within the cells (such as the cell nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc.). In addition to cytosolic fatty acid synthesis, there is also mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which malonyl-CoA is formed from malonic acid with the help of malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3), which then becomes the final product octanoyl-ACP (C8) via further intermediate steps.
Straight-chain fatty acids
Straight-chain fatty acids occur in two types: saturated and unsaturated.
Saturated straight-chain fatty acids
Much like β-oxidation, straight-chain fatty acid synthesis occurs via the six recurri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclaurin%27s%20inequality | In mathematics, Maclaurin's inequality, named after Colin Maclaurin, is a refinement of the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.
Let a1, a2, ..., an be positive real numbers, and for k = 1, 2, ..., n define the averages Sk as follows:
The numerator of this fraction is the elementary symmetric polynomial of degree k in the n variables a1, a2, ..., an, that is, the sum of all products of k of the numbers a1, a2, ..., an with the indices in increasing order. The denominator is the number of terms in the numerator, the binomial coefficient
Maclaurin's inequality is the following chain of inequalities:
with equality if and only if all the ai are equal.
For n = 2, this gives the usual inequality of arithmetic and geometric means of two numbers. Maclaurin's inequality is well illustrated by the case n = 4:
Maclaurin's inequality can be proved using Newton's inequalities or generalised Bernoulli's inequality.
See also
Newton's inequalities
Muirhead's inequality
Generalized mean inequality
Bernoulli's inequality
References
Real analysis
Inequalities
Symmetric functions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20geneticist | A plant geneticist is a scientist involved with the study of genetics in botany. Typical work is done with genes in order to isolate and then develop certain plant traits. Once a certain trait, such as plant height, fruit sweetness, or tolerance to cold, is found, a plant geneticist works to improve breeding methods to ensure that future plant generations possess the desired traits.
Plant genetics played a key role in the modern-day theories of heredity, beginning with Gregor Mendel's study of pea plants in the 19th century. The occupation has since grown to encompass advancements in biotechnology that have led to greater understanding of plant breeding and hybridization. Commercially, plant geneticists are sometimes employed to develop methods of making produce more nutritious, or altering plant pigments to make the food more enticing to consumers.
References
National Science Teachers Association: Plant Geneticist Interview
USDA Agriculture Research Service
Geneticist
Geneticist |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Cocconi | Giuseppe Cocconi (1914–2008) was an Italian physicist who was director of the Proton Synchrotron at CERN in Geneva.
He is known for his work in particle physics and for his involvement with SETI where he wrote, "[t]he probability of success is difficult to estimate; but if we never search, the chance of success is zero."
Life
Cocconi was born in Como, Kingdom of Italy in 1914. He went to study physics at the University of Milan, and then in February 1938, went to the Sapienza University of Rome on the invitation of Edoardo Amaldi. There he met physicists Enrico Fermi, and Gilberto Bernardini. With Fermi, he built a Wilson chamber to study the disintegration of mesons. In August of that year, Cocconi laid the foundation of cosmic ray research in Milan. While at Milan, Cocconi supervised Vanna Tongiorgi, who picked cosmic rays as her thesis' subject, and later married her in 1945.
In 1942, Cocconi was nominated professor at University of Catania, but was engaged by the Italian army to research infrared phenomena for the Royal Italian Air Force until the end of World War II, in late 1944. He taught at Catania until 1947, when Hans Bethe made a request that he would join Cornell University. During his stay at Cornell, Cocconi and his wife performed many experiments there and in Echo Lake located in the Rocky Mountains, where they demonstrated the galactic and extragalactic origins of cosmic rays. In 1955, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. While at Cornell he also wrote, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugald%20Macpherson | H. Dugald Macpherson is a mathematician and logician. He is Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Leeds.
He obtained his DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1983 for his thesis entitled "Enumeration of Orbits of Infinite Permutation Groups" under the supervision of Peter Cameron. In 1997, he was awarded the Junior Berwick Prize by the London Mathematical Society. He continues to research into permutation groups and model theory. He is scientist in charge of the MODNET team at the University of Leeds. He co-authored the book Notes on Infinite Permutation Groups.
References
External links
Prof. Macpherson's homepage
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Academics of the University of Leeds
Model theorists
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Maurer | Hermann Adolf Maurer (born April 26, 1941) is an Austrian computer scientist, serving as Professor of Computer Science at the Graz University of Technology. He has supervised over 40 dissertations, written more than 20 books and over 600 scientific articles, and started or been involved with a number of companies.
Life
Maurer was born in Vienna, Austria. He studied mathematics at the University of Vienna and the University of Calgary (in Canada) starting in 1959. He earned a doctorate in mathematics in 1965 under Edmund Hlawka, with a dissertation entitled Rationale Approximationen Irrationaler Zahlen (Rational Approximations of Irrational Numbers). He was a professor at the University of Calgary from 1966 to 1971, then moved to the University of Karlsruhe from 1971 to 1977, and in 1978 became professor at the Graz University of Technology, where he has remained since.
Technical contributions
Among Maurer's important contributions is the development and promotion of remote interactive data terminals that could display graphics rather than only the text that was conventional at the time, and even exchange programs. He invented the MUPID system, some of whose ideas would be used in the Bildschirmtext system. A number of his students from this research went on to become influential in computer science, the telecommunications industry, and the civil service.
In the 1980s he worked to develop computer network equipment in Styria, and is considered to have helped pave the way |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Society%20of%20Iran | The Physical Society of Iran (PSI) (انجمن فيزيک ايران) is Iran's professional and academic society of physicists. PSI is a non-profit organization aimed at establishing and strengthening scientific contacts between physicists and academic members of the country's institutes of higher education in the field of physics.
The society has over 10,000 members inside and outside Iran. In addition to its awards scheme and publications programme, the Physical Society of Iran holds annual conferences in several different fields, including optics and condensed matter physics. The society has proved instrumental in improving the state of education and research in physics throughout the country.
The society organizes annual meetings and it is an active member of TWAS. It has also close collaboration with the American Physical Society. In October 2003 APS and PSI jointly sponsored a school/workshop on string theory in Tehran.
The society's main journal is the Iranian Journal of Physics Research, which is published via the Isfahan University of Technology Press, and is recognized by the Ministry of Science of Iran. PSI was a sponsor of the 2007 International Physics Olympiad, which was hosted by Isfahan University of Technology.
History
The Physical Society of Iran was established in 1963 by Iran's elite physicists and engineers. Among the founders was Yusef Sobouti, currently chancellor of IASBS.
The first Annual Physics Conference of Iran was inaugurated in 1973 at Sepah Bank's arbo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Brose | Henry Herman Leopold Adolph Brose (15 September 1890 – 24 February 1965) was an Australian physicist. He was the first Australian to be awarded a PhD from the University of Oxford, and translated a number of key physics texts into English. Suspected of sympathy with the Nazi regime, he was interned in Australia from 1940-1943, which ended his academic career.
Life
Born in Adelaide, he attended Prince Alfred College and graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1910 with a B.Sc. in mathematics. A member of the Adelaide University Athletics Club, Brose was awarded a University Blue for Athletics in 1910. In 1911-12 he taught French at Prince Alfred College, and in 1913 was awarded the Rhodes Scholarship for South Australia.
Brose went up to Christ Church, Oxford to study mathematics. While visiting relatives in Hamburg in 1914, he was arrested by the German authorities and interned at Ruhleben, outside Berlin, as a civilian prisoner for the duration of the First World War. During his captivity Brose became interested in the Theory of Relativity and translated some German texts into English. On return to Oxford in 1919, he was awarded simultaneous B.A. and M.A. degrees, following special decrees. In 1925 he completed a PhD there on the motion of electrons in oxygen, under the supervision of John Sealy Edward Townsend. In doing so, he became the first Australian to earn a PhD (there called a D. Phil.) from Oxford. He then went on to hold a number of academic positions inclu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius%20matrix | A Frobenius matrix is a special kind of square matrix from numerical mathematics. A matrix is a Frobenius matrix if it has the following three properties:
all entries on the main diagonal are ones
the entries below the main diagonal of at most one column are arbitrary
every other entry is zero
The following matrix is an example.
Frobenius matrices are invertible. The inverse of a Frobenius matrix is again a Frobenius matrix, equal to the original matrix with changed signs outside the main diagonal. The inverse of the example above is therefore:
Frobenius matrices are named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius.
The term Frobenius matrix may also be used for an alternative matrix form that differs from an Identity matrix only in the elements of a single row preceding the diagonal entry of that row (as opposed to the above definition which has the matrix differing from the identity matrix in a single column below the diagonal). The following matrix is an example of this alternative form showing a 4-by-4 matrix with its 3rd row differing from the identity matrix.
An alternative name for this latter form of Frobenius matrices is Gauss transformation matrix, after Carl Friedrich Gauss. They are used in the process of Gaussian elimination to represent the Gaussian transformations.
If a matrix is multiplied from the left (left multiplied) with a Gauss transformation matrix, a linear combination of
the preceding rows is added to the given row of the matrix (in the example shown a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20chemistry%20metrics | Green chemistry metrics describe aspects of a chemical process relating to the principles of green chemistry. The metrics serve to quantify the efficiency or environmental performance of chemical processes, and allow changes in performance to be measured. The motivation for using metrics is the expectation that quantifying technical and environmental improvements can make the benefits of new technologies more tangible, perceptible, or understandable. This, in turn, is likely to aid the communication of research and potentially facilitate the wider adoption of green chemistry technologies in industry.
For a non-chemist, an understandable method of describing the improvement might be a decrease of X unit cost per kilogram of compound Y. This, however, might be an over-simplification. For example, it would not allow a chemist to visualize the improvement made or to understand changes in material toxicity and process hazards. For yield improvements and selectivity increases, simple percentages are suitable, but this simplistic approach may not always be appropriate. For example, when a highly pyrophoric reagent is replaced by a benign one, a numerical value is difficult to assign but the improvement is obvious, if all other factors are similar.
Numerous metrics have been formulated over time. A general problem is that the more accurate and universally applicable the metric devised, the more complex and unemployable it becomes. A good metric must be clearly defined, simple, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satz%20%28SAT%20solver%29 | SatZ is a well known SAT instance solver. It was developed by Prof. Chu Min Li, a computer science researcher. The Z stands for the last version of SAT solvers.
References
Chu Min Li and Anbulagan: Heuristics Based on Unit Propagation for Satisfiability Problems. Proceedings of IJCAI, 366–371, 1997
SAT solvers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20systems%20engineering | Biological systems engineering or Biosystems engineering is a broad-based engineering discipline with particular emphasis on non-medical biology. It can be thought of as a subset of the broader notion of biological engineering or bio-technology though not in the respects that pertain to biomedical engineering as biosystems engineering tends to focus less on medical applications than on agriculture, ecosystems, and food science. The discipline focuses broadly on environmentally sound and sustainable engineering solutions to meet societies' ecologically related needs. Biosystems engineering integrates the expertise of fundamental engineering fields with expertise from non-engineering disciplines.
Background and organization
Many college and university biological engineering departments have a history of being grounded in agricultural engineering and have only in the past two decades or so changed their names to reflect the movement towards more diverse biological based engineering programs. This major is sometimes called agricultural and biological engineering, biological and environmental engineering, etc., in different universities, generally reflecting interests of local employment opportunities.
Since biological engineering covers a wide spectrum, many departments now offer specialization options. Depending on the department and the specialization options offered within each program, curricula may overlap with other related fields. There are a number of different titles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NONOate | In chemistry, a NONOate is a compound having the chemical formula R1R2N−(NO−)−N=O, where R1 and R2 are alkyl groups. One example for this is 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine, or diethylamine dinitric oxide. These compounds are unusual in having three sequential nitrogen atoms: an amine functional group, a bridging NO− group, and a terminal nitrosyl group. In contact with water, these compounds release NO (nitric oxide).
pH-dependent decomposition of NONOates
Most NONOates are stable in alkaline solution above pH 8.0 (e. g. 10 mM NaOH) and can be stored at −20 °C in this way for the short term. To generate NO from NONOates, the pH is lowered accordingly. Typically, a dilution of the stock NONOate solution is made in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4; tris buffers can also be used) and incubated at room temperature for the desired time to allow NO to accumulate in solution. This is often visible as bubbles at high NONOate concentrations. Incubation time is important, since the different NONOates have different half-lives (t½) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. For example, the half-life of MAHMA NONOate under these conditions is ~3.5 minutes, whilst the t½ of DPTA NONOate is 300 minutes. This is often useful in biological systems, where a combination of different NONOates can be used to give a sustained release of nitric oxide. At pH 5.0, most NONOates are considered to decompose almost instantaneously.
References
Nitrosyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20P.%20Dilworth | Robert Palmer Dilworth (December 2, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was an American mathematician. His primary research area was lattice theory; his biography at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive states "it would not be an exaggeration to say that he was one of the main factors in the subject moving from being merely a tool of other disciplines to an important subject in its own right". He is best known for Dilworth's theorem relating chains and antichains in partial orders; he was also the first to study antimatroids .
Dilworth was born in 1914 in Hemet, California, at that time a remote desert ranching town. He went to college at the California Institute of Technology, receiving his baccalaureate in 1936 and continuing there for his graduate studies. Dilworth's graduate advisor was Morgan Ward, a student of Eric Temple Bell, who was also on the Caltech faculty at the time. On receiving his Ph.D. in 1939, Dilworth took an instructorship at Yale University. While at Yale, he met and married his wife, Miriam White, with whom he eventually had two sons. He returned to Caltech as a faculty member in 1943, and spent the remainder of his academic career there.
Dilworth advised 17 Ph.D. students and has 635 academic descendants listed at the Mathematics Genealogy Project, many through his student Juris Hartmanis, a noted complexity theorist. Other notable mathematicians advised by Dilworth include Curtis Greene and Alfred W. Hales.
Selected bibliography
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Referenc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20S.%20Baker | Bernard S. Baker (June 26, 1936 – June 21, 2004) is an American electrochemist who was a pioneer in the field of electrochemistry. He was a founder and served as president, chief executive officer and chairman of Energy Research Corporation (now called FuelCell Energy, Inc., in Danbury, Connecticut), developer and manufacturer of direct fuel cells (MCFC) used to generate electric power. Power plants based on his concepts are providing electricity in distributed generation locations throughout the world.
Baker directed research in and development of various electrochemical power generation devices, including different types of fuel cells, batteries and hybrid systems. Baker's expertise encompassed fundamental research as well as the technological, engineering, system and marketing aspects of these systems, including "direct fuel cells", which can process hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas without an external reformer.
Baker received his bachelor's and master's degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and was a post-graduate Fulbright fellow at the Laboratory for Electrochemistry of the University of Amsterdam, before earning a doctorate from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1969. His doctoral thesis was also on fuel cell heat transfer and internal reforming.
Before joining Energy Research Corporation, Baker was director of basic sciences at the Institute of Gas Technology in Chicago, where he directed research in the area of energy conv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Rugg | Harold Ordway Rugg (1886–1960) was an educational reformer in the early to mid 1900s, associated with the Progressive education movement. Originally trained in civil engineering at Dartmouth College (BS 1908 & CE 1909), Rugg went on to study psychology, sociology and education at the University of Illinois where he completed a doctoral dissertation titled "The Experimental Determination of Mental Discipline in School Studies."
After earning his PhD he went on to teach at the University of Chicago and later became a professor at Teachers College at Columbia University. He studied creativity which he believed was vital to the learning process. He created the first textbook series and his social studies books were extremely popular in US schools. By the early forties his books fell out of favor due to campaigns run by organizations like the Advertising Federation of America and the American Legion, due to Rugg's junior-high textbooks including concepts considered "pro-socialist" by conservative opponents.
Biography
Rugg was born on January 17, 1886, in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. He attended Dartmouth College, where he received his bachelor of science in civil engineering in 1908 and his graduate degree in civil engineering in 1909. Rugg worked as a civil engineer before becoming a professor at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, where he taught for two years and became interested in how students learn.
Rugg began teaching at the University of Illinois in 1911 and in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Crawford | Robert James "Roy" Crawford ( – 23 June 2016) was a university administrator and mechanical engineering academic, whose primary research interest has been in the mechanical properties and processing behaviour of plastics.
From 1989 to 1999, he was Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the School of Mechanical and Process Engineering at the Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland. He was also responsible for establishing the Polymer Processing Research Centre at Queen's University. This centre included the Research Group on rotational moulding of plastics, which he also established. From 1999 to 2001, he was Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.
From 2001 to 2004, Crawford was Pro Vice-Chancellor for Research at Queen's University Belfast. From January 2005 until December 2014, he was Vice Chancellor of the University of Waikato in New Zealand.
Crawford published nine books and about 300 papers, and was a member of numerous government panels and research grant committees in the United Kingdom. He was an expert in the rotational moulding of plastics, and gave keynote lectures, courses and seminars on this subject all over the world. During his tenure at Queen's in the 1990s, his school improved its rating in the RAE (Research Assessment Exercise) from Grade 3 in the 1992 RAE to the top Grade of 5* in 1996. He was a member of the 2001 RAE Panel for assessing Mechanical Engineering in all universities in the Uni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Ambj%C3%B8rn | Jan Ambjørn is a Danish theoretical physicist. He received his PhD in 1980 at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, followed by postdoctoral research positions at Caltech and Nordita. He has been employed at the Niels Bohr Institute from 1986, since 1992 as professor in theoretical physics. From 2003 to 2010 he was also a professor at Utrecht University, and since 2012 he has been a professor at Radboud University, both in the Netherlands.
Ambjørn has worked on a large number of different topics. As a PhD student he worked together with his adviser P. Olesen on understanding the vacuum structure of QCD, using a model called the Copenhagen Vacuum. Later they developed the theory of magnetism in the electroweak theory. It provides a very simple physical realisation of anti-screening, an effect associated with asymptotically free quantum field theories.
Together with B. Durhuus and Jürg Fröhlich he proposed a non-perturbative formulation of the boson string theory, using what became known as dynamical triangulation. The formalism provides a successful description of so-called non-critical strings, which can also be viewed as two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled to matter with a central charge c<1. Using dynamical triangulation, he and Y. Watabiki calculated the so-called two-point function of pure two-dimensional quantum gravity (c=0), showing that the Hausdorff dimension of pure 2d gravity is 4.
Ambjørn used dynamical triangulation to provide a lattice regularizatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornology | In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a bornology on a set X is a collection of subsets of X satisfying axioms that generalize the notion of boundedness. One of the key motivations behind bornologies and bornological analysis is the fact that bornological spaces provide a convenient setting for homological algebra in functional analysis. This is becausepg 9 the category of bornological spaces is additive, complete, cocomplete, and has a tensor product adjoint to an internal hom, all necessary components for homological algebra.
History
Bornology originates from functional analysis. There are two natural ways of studying the problems of functional analysis: one way is to study notions related to topologies (vector topologies, continuous operators, open/compact subsets, etc.) and the other is to study notions related to boundedness (vector bornologies, bounded operators, bounded subsets, etc.).
For normed spaces, from which functional analysis arose, topological and bornological notions are distinct but complementary and closely related.
For example, the unit ball centered at the origin is both a neighborhood of the origin and a bounded subset.
Furthermore, a subset of a normed space is a neighborhood of the origin (respectively, is a bounded set) exactly when it contains (respectively, it is contained in) a non-zero scalar multiple of this ball; so this is one instance where the topological and bornological notions are distinct but complementary (in the sense t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSC | BCSC may refer to:
British Cycling
British Columbia Supreme Court
British Columbia Securities Commission
British Council of Shopping Centres
Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, normally abbreviated B.Comp.Sc.
Bartholomew Consolidated School Corporation, the organization that encompasses all schools, elementary, middle and secondary in the Columbus, Indiana, area
Brown Center for Students of Color |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohn%20anomaly | In the field of physics concerning condensed matter, a Kohn anomaly (also called the Kohn effect) is an anomaly in the dispersion relation of a phonon branch in a metal. It is named for Walter Kohn. For a specific wavevector, the frequency (and thus the energy) of the associated phonon is considerably lowered, and there is a discontinuity in its derivative. They have been first proposed by Walter Kohn in 1959. In extreme cases (that can happen in low-dimensional materials), the energy of this phonon is zero, meaning that a static distortion of the lattice appears. This is one explanation for charge density waves in solids. The wavevectors at which a Kohn anomaly is possible are the nesting vectors of the Fermi surface, that is vectors that connect a lot of points of the Fermi surface (for a one-dimensional chain of atoms this vector would be ). The electron phonon interaction causes a rigid shift of the Fermi sphere and a failure of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation since the electrons do not follow any more the ionic motion adiabatically.
In the phononic spectrum of a metal, a Kohn anomaly is a discontinuity in the derivative of the dispersion relation that occurs at certain high symmetry points of the first Brillouin zone, produced by the abrupt change in the screening of lattice vibrations by conduction electrons.
Kohn anomalies arise together with Friedel oscillations when one considers the Lindhard theory instead of the Thomas–Fermi approximation in order to find an e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20L.%20Hilton | James Lindsay Hilton (born February 21, 1957) has been an astronomer at the United States Naval Observatory since 1986. In 1999 he published a new set of ephemerides for 15 of the largest asteroids for use in the Astronomical Almanac.
Education
Hilton earned his B.A. in physics from Rice University in 1979. He did his graduate studies at the University of Texas at Austin where he earned an M.A. in astronomy in 1981 and a Ph.D. in astronomy in 1990.
References
American astronomers
1957 births
Living people
Rice University alumni
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina%20Heim | Bettina Heim (born 2 July 1989) was a Swiss competitive figure skater who now leads the language design team for Microsoft's Q# programming language.
Figure skating career
She was the 2011 Swiss national champion, and competed at two World Junior Championships and two World Championships.
Programs
Competitive highlights
Quantum physics and Q#
Heim completed her master's degree in quantum physics at ETH Zurich, advised by Matthias Troyer.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Swiss female single skaters
People from Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Oliverio | Alberto Oliverio (born December 1, 1938) is a biologist and psycho-biologist. He is currently professor of Psychobiology at the Sapienza University of Rome. He has been one of the main assistants of Nobel prize winner Daniel Bovet.
Publications
Oliverio is author or co-author of about 400 publications. He is author of about 30 chapters or general reviews in edited books or annual reviews. Has edited 6 books on animal behavior and behavioral genetics and is the author of many books on memory, brain and behavior.
Research fields
Neurochemical – neurophysiological correlates of memory. Genetic approaches to behavior.
Books
Oliverio A. & Oliverio Ferraris A., Lo sviluppo comparato del comportamento, Boringhieri, Turin, 1974.
Oliverio A. & Oliverio Ferraris A., Psicologia: Basi biologiche, sviluppo, ambiente, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1976; 2nd Edition, 1980; 3rd Edition (Psicologia: I motivi del comportamento umano), 1986; 4th Edition, 1990; 5th edition 1996; 6th edition 2002; 7th edition 2007.
Oliverio A., (Ed.) Zoologia 1: Comunicazione e comportamento sociale. Letture da Le Scienze, Le Scienze, Milan, 1977.
Oliverio A., Maturità e vecchiaia, Feltrinelli, Milan, 1977.
Oliverio A.. (Ed.) Genetics, Environment and Intelligence, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1977.
Oliverio A. & Oliverio Ferraris A., Maschio/Femmina: Biologia, psicologia, sociologia nel comportamento sessuale, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1978.
Oliverio A., La società solitaria, Editori Riuniti, Rome, 1979.
Oliverio A. Come nasc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20Tool%20Kit | Systems Tool Kit (formerly Satellite Tool Kit), often referred to by its initials STK, is a multi-physics software application from Analytical Graphics, Inc. (an Ansys company) that enables engineers and scientists to perform complex analyses of ground, sea, air, and space platforms, and to share results in one integrated environment. At the core of STK is a geometry engine for determining the time-dynamic position and attitude of objects ("assets"), and the spatial relationships among the objects under consideration including their relationships or accesses given a number of complex, simultaneous constraining conditions. STK has been developed since 1989 as a commercial off the shelf software tool. Originally created to solve problems involving Earth-orbiting satellites, it is now used in the aerospace and defense communities and for many other applications.
STK is used in government, commercial, and defense applications around the world. Clients of AGI are organizations such as NASA, ESA, CNES, DLR, Boeing, JAXA, ISRO, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Airbus, The US DoD, and Civil Air Patrol.
History
In 1989, the three founders of Analytical Graphics, Inc. — Paul Graziani, Scott Reynolds, and Jim Poland, left GE Aerospace to create Satellite Tool Kit (STK) as an alternative to bespoke, project-specific aerospace software.
The original version of STK ran only on Sun Microsystems computers, but as PCs became more powerful, the code was converted to run on Windows.
ST |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20C.%20Hayya | Jack C. Hayya (March 10, 1929 – December 11, 2018) was professor emeritus of management science at the Pennsylvania State University.
Education
B.S., Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, 1952
M.S., Management, California State University, Northridge, 1961
Ph.D., Business Administration, University of California, Los Angeles, 1966
Personal
In 1947, the government of Iraq sent him to study engineering in the United States. During his undergraduate years he lived in the Cosmopolitan fraternity house at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, mostly with other foreign students. He was an engineer on some large public works projects before returning to academia.
Publications (partial list)
He, Xin James, Kim, Jeon G., Hayya, Jack C. The cost of lead-time variability: The case of the exponential distribution.
Ramasesh, Ranga V., Fu, Haizhen, Fong, Duncan K. H., Hayya, Jack C. Lot streaming in multistage production systems.
Hong, Jae-Dong, Hayya, Jack C. Just-In-Time purchasing: Single or multiple sourcing?.
Jack Hayya, Roger Pfaffenberger. Student Workbook for Use with Statistical Methods for Business and Economics. Paperback. June 1987. McGraw-Hill Education. . LC 0256036659.
References
External links
Faculty homepage
Iraqi emigrants to the United States
California State University, Northridge alumni
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
UCLA Anderson School of Management alumni
1929 bir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20C.%20Bradley | Harold Cornelius Bradley (November 25, 1878 – January 4, 1976) was a professor of biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin. Bradley relocated to Madison in 1906, where he was one of the first three staff members of the new University of Wisconsin Medical School. Bradley was an avid skier, he skied solo across the Sierra range in 1920 and skied until age 85; he was inducted into the Madison Sports Hall of Fame and the National Ski Hall of Fame. He also served as an honorary president of the Sierra Club. Bradley retired in 1948 and relocated to California. He died in Berkeley, California.
Family
Bradley was the grandson of the American missionary to Siam Dan Beach Bradley, the son of English professor and Thai linguist Cornelius Beach Bradley, and the father of geology professor Charles C. Bradley. He was married to Mary Josephine Crane (1886–1952).
Legacy
Bradley was instrumental in encouraging outdoor education through the Wisconsin Hoofers Clubs at the University of Wisconsin; a lounge at the Wisconsin Union is named for him. One of UW-Madison's two residential learning communities (the other Chadbourne) is named after Harold C. Bradley.
See also
Harold C. Bradley House
References
External links
Biography of Harold C. Bradley
Academics from Oakland, California
Scientists from Madison, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
American educational theorists
1878 births
1976 deaths
Scientists from California
20th-century American biochemists
Sierra Club awa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-Bang%20Cannon | The Big-Bang Cannon is an American toy cannon first manufactured in the early 20th-century. Numerous consumer fireworks injuries convinced a physics professor at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to patent a "Gas Gun" in 1907, and the manufacturing of Big-Bang Cannons started in 1912, from the Gas Cannon Company.
In 1916, the name was changed to the Toy Cannon Works. In 1924, the company changed names again, to The Conestoga Company, Inc. An assistant professor from the same physics department at Lehigh was the company founder and owner until 1955. The Conestoga Company manufactures nineteen models of Big-Bang Cannon in Allentown, Pennsylvania, Lehigh County.
A bombing plane, tank, boat and pistol were manufactured during the 1920s, firing on the same principle as the cannons. 1930s designs included a Giant Roller Coaster, Ro-To-Top, Spinning Top, Field Glasses and G-Gun.
Repurposed for toymaking, the historic 4-story wood and brick plant is depicted in T. M. Fowler's 1894 "aerial" drawing of West Bethlehem, with ground floor access both from Connestoga St. on the 1st level, and from 1st Ave. at the 4th level. All machinery on the first three levels were driven by a single electric motor via belts and drive shafts the width of the building. In the mid 1950s, the plant burned, and operations were terminated. Dormant several years, the company was bought from physicist & founder Doc Wiley by brothers Frank H. & Robert E. Miller, who rehired Joseph Gombotz as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Milone | Eugene Frank Milone (born 1939, Bronx, NY) is an American astronomer. He received a bachelor's degree from Columbia University in 1961, and a Ph.D. in astronomy from Yale University. After teaching for several years at Gettysburg College where he was assistant professor of Physics, he re-located in 1971 to the University of Calgary, where he served as Director of the Rothney Astrophysical Observatory.
Milone has published many technical papers in various areas of astronomical research, particularly specializing in variable stars and photometry and archaeoastronomy, and has served on several professional committees.
References
External links
home page at the University of Calgary
20th-century American astronomers
20th-century Canadian astronomers
Living people
1939 births
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Yale University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Calgary |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hawthorne | John Patrick Hawthorne (born 1964) is an English philosopher, currently serving as Professor of Philosophy at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southern California. He is recognized as a leading contemporary contributor to metaphysics and epistemology.
Early life and career
Hawthorne was born on 25 May 1964 in Birmingham, England. He earned his PhD from Syracuse University, where he studied with William Alston and Jonathan Bennett. From 2006 to 2015, he was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at the University of Oxford. He has also taught at the University of New South Wales, Arizona State University, Syracuse University, Rutgers University, and Princeton University.
Philosophical work
Hawthorne's 2006 collection Metaphysical Essays offers original treatments of fundamental topics in philosophy, including identity, ontology, vagueness, and causation, which one reviewer called "essential reading for anyone currently engaged in analytic metaphysics".
In his book Knowledge and Lotteries, Hawthorne defends a view in epistemology according to which the presence of knowledge is dependent on the subject's interests (he calls this view "subject-sensitive invariantism"). Unlike contextualism, Hawthorne's view does not require that the meaning of the word "know" changes from one context of ascription to another. His view is thus a variety of invariantism. However, whether a subject has knowledge depen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros%20Occidental%20High%20School | Negros Occidental High School is a public secondary educational institution and oldest public secondary school in the province located in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, in the Philippines that was founded since 1902. The school currently offers various curriculum: Special Program in Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) for the Special Science Class, Basic Education Curriculum for the Regular Class, Special Program for the Arts, Special Program in Journalism, Special Class in Culture and Sports and the Basic Education Curriculum for the Night Class. The Negros Occidental High School had an Extension campus in Murcia, Negros Occidental and later on changed its name to Murcia National High School
History
The foundation for the establishment of a Provincial High School in Negros Occidental was already laid in 1901 by the Division Superintendent, George W. Beattie, so that when Act 372 of the Philippine Commission was passed on March 7, 1901, empowering the Provincial Boards of the country to provide funds for the erection or renting and other expenses for a secondary school in the province, Beattie was ready for implementation of the plan, including the hiring of teachers in time for the opening of the school on July 1, 1902.
Sometime in 1902, former leaders of the Republica de Negros, Ex-minister of Justice Antonio Ledesma Jayme and Ex-provincial Governor Melecio Severino exerted efforts for the opening of a secondary school in Occidental Negros which they nam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Vinton%20Kirch | Patrick Vinton Kirch is an American archaeologist and Professor Emeritus of Integrative Biology and the Class of 1954 Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the former Curator of Oceanic Archaeology in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, and director of that museum from 1999 to 2002. Currently, he is professor in the department of anthropology at the University of Hawai'i Manoa, and a member of the board of directors of the Bishop Museum.
Early life
Kirch was born in Honolulu, Hawaii and was raised in Manoa valley from 1950s to 1960s. At the age of 13, he became an intern to Yoshio Kondo, a Bishop Museum malacologist. While there, he was studying Linnaean taxonomy and helped curate his mentor's collection of Polynesian snail shells. At the time, despite his strong interest in snails, he already had a passion for archaeology. Seeing it, Kondo suggested him to work with Kenneth Emory, a renowned Polynesian archaeologist. Unfortunately, Emory refused on working with Kirch, so Kondo took him under his wing so that Kirch could spend the whole summer conducting archaeological digs of his own.
A year later, securing the permission of a landowner and some help from his father, Kirch had dug out a three-by-three-foot test pit at Hālawa on Molokai. In the midden of the pit, he found bone and shell fragments, which he carefully assembled, counted and wrote up results on. The results made Emory furious, but Kondo insisted that Kirch did |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaum%27s%20Outlines | Schaum's Outlines () is a series of supplementary texts for American high school, AP, and college-level courses, currently published by McGraw-Hill Education Professional, a subsidiary of McGraw-Hill Education. The outlines cover a wide variety of academic subjects including mathematics, engineering and the physical sciences, computer science, biology and the health sciences, accounting, finance, economics, grammar and vocabulary, and other fields. In most subject areas the full title of each outline starts with Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of, but on the cover this has been shortened to simply Schaum's Outlines followed by the subject name in more recent texts.
Background and description
The series was originally developed in the 1930s by Daniel Schaum (November 13, 1913 – August 22, 2008), son of eastern European immigrants. McGraw-Hill purchased Schaum Publishing Company in 1967. Titles are continually revised to reflect current educational standards in their fields, including updates with new information, additional examples, use of new technology (calculators and computers), and so forth. New titles are also introduced in emerging fields such as computer graphics.
Many titles feature noted authors in their respective fields, such as Murray R. Spiegel and Seymour Lipschutz. Originally designed for college-level students as a supplement to standard course textbooks, each chapter of a typical Outline begins with only a terse explanation of relevant topics, foll |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%20P.%20Preparata | Franco P. Preparata is a computer scientist, the An Wang Professor, Emeritus, of Computer Science at Brown University.
He is best known for his 1985 book "Computational Geometry: An Introduction" into which he blended salient parts of M. I. Shamos' doctoral thesis (Shamos appears as a co-author of the book). This book, which represents a snapshot of the disciplines as of 1985, has been for many years the standard textbook in the field, and has been translated into four foreign Languages (Russian, Japanese, Chinese, and Polish). He has made several contributions to the computational geometry, the most recent being the notion of "algorithmic degree" as a key feature to control robust implementations of geometric algorithms.
In addition, Preparata has worked in many other areas of, or closely related to, computer science.
His initial work was in coding theory, where he (independently and simultaneously) contributed the Berlekamp-Preparata codes (optimal convolution codes for burst-error correction) and the Preparata codes, the first known systematic class of nonlinear binary codes, with higher information content than corresponding linear BCH codes of the same length. Thirty years later these codes have been found relevant to quantum coding theory.
In 1967, he substantially contributed to a model of system-level fault diagnosis, known today as the PMC (Preparata-Metze-Chien) model, which is a main issue in the design of highly dependable processing systems. This model is st |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Siegel%20%28attorney%29 | Bernard Siegel is the Executive Director of the nonprofit Regenerative Medicine Foundation (formerly The Genetics Policy Institute) based in Wellington, Florida.
A graduate of the University of Miami undergraduate and law, he is an attorney and member of the Florida Bar since 1975. He is best known for filing the landmark 2002 case seeking a guardian for the world’s first alleged human clone, "Baby Eve."
The case has been widely credited for exposing Clonaid, the so-called "human cloning company" as a sham. Clonaid presented itself as the scientific research laboratory of a Canadian-based religious group called the Räelian Movement. The Räelians believe that cloning technology is a gift that will provide human immortality, brought to earth by extraterrestrials. They have collected large sums of money from at least one couple, allegedly to provide them with a child cloned from one of the parents’ DNA. The legal hearings brought about by Siegel exposed the cult’s lack of credibility when they failed to produce an allegedly cloned child for the purpose of DNA testing, which would have proven whether or not the child was a clone.
However, the case was the subject of intense international media attention because it shined a spotlight on the cloning issue and the emerging and enormously promising field of stem cell research. It was also the catalyst for Siegel to trade in his 30-year courtroom career to found the Genetics Policy Institute (now called the Regenerative Medicine Fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien%20Pouliot%20Award | The Adrien Pouliot Award is presented annually by the Canadian Mathematical Society. The award is presented to individuals or teams in recognition of significant contributions to mathematics education in Canada. The inaugural award was presented in 1995. Persons and teams that are nominated for the award will have their applications considered for a period of three years. The award is named in honor of Canadian mathematician Adrien Pouliot. It should be distinguished with a different but similarly-named award, the Adrien Pouliot Prize of the Mathematical Association of Québec.
Recipients of the Adrien Pouliot Award
Source: Canadian Mathematical Society
See also
List of mathematics awards
References
External links
Canadian Mathematical Society
Awards of the Canadian Mathematical Society
Mathematics education awards
Teacher awards
Awards established in 1995 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20domain | In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an atomic domain or factorization domain is an integral domain in which every non-zero non-unit can be written in at least one way as a finite product of irreducible elements. Atomic domains are different from unique factorization domains in that this decomposition of an element into irreducibles need not be unique; stated differently, an irreducible element is not necessarily a prime element.
Important examples of atomic domains include the class of all unique factorization domains and all Noetherian domains. More generally, any integral domain satisfying the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (ACCP) is an atomic domain. Although the converse is claimed to hold in Cohn's paper, this is known to be false.
The term "atomic" is due to P. M. Cohn, who called an irreducible element of an integral domain an "atom".
Motivation
In this section, a ring can be viewed as merely an abstract set in which one can perform the operations of addition and multiplication; analogous to the integers.
The ring of integers (that is, the set of integers with the natural operations of addition and multiplication) satisfy many important properties. One such property is the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Thus, when considering abstract rings, a natural question to ask is under what conditions such a theorem holds. Since a unique factorization domain is precisely a ring in which an analogue of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic holds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20G.%20Inglis | John Gordon Inglis B.A.Sc. (1899 – November 18, 1990) was a Canadian electrical engineer and transit manager.
He was born in Atwood, Ontario, and graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Toronto in 1923, then known as SPS - The School of Practical Science (the OLD SKULEHOUSE). He worked for ten years at the Westinghouse Electric Company in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was involved in the early development of the PCC streetcar. He left Westinghouse to become Electrical Engineer for the Co-operative Transit Company in Wheeling, West Virginia. Because of his experience with the new PCC streetcars, he returned to Canada in 1936 and joined the Rolling Stock Department of the Toronto Transportation Commission. He occupied increasingly important responsibilities until 1959, when he became General Manager – Operations. During his career he guided the TTC’s acquisition and operation of the world’s largest PCC fleet, and was responsible for the TTC’s adoption in the early 1960s of aluminium-bodied 23-metre long subway cars (see M-series (Toronto subway car)).
The former Administration Building at the TTC's Hillcrest Complex was named the J.G. Inglis building in 1991 in his honour.
References
TTC Coupler, August 1939, Vol 14 No 3
TTC Coupler, July–August 1968, Vol 43 No 7-8
TTC Coupler, December 1990-January 1991, Vol 65 No 10
1899 births
1990 deaths
People from Perth County, Ontario
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian electrical engine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oded%20Schramm | Oded Schramm (; December 10, 1961 – September 1, 2008) was an Israeli-American mathematician known for the invention of the Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) and for working at the intersection of conformal field theory and probability theory.
Biography
Schramm was born in Jerusalem. His father, Michael Schramm, was a biochemistry professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
He attended Hebrew University, where he received his bachelor's degree in mathematics and computer science in 1986 and his master's degree in 1987, under the supervision of Gil Kalai. He then received his PhD from Princeton University in 1990 under the supervision of William Thurston.
After receiving his doctorate, he worked for two years at the University of California, San Diego, and then had a permanent position at the Weizmann Institute from 1992 to 1999. In 1999 he moved to the Theory Group at Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington, where he remained for the rest of his life.
He and his wife had two children, Tselil and Pele. Tselil is an assistant professor of statistics at Stanford University.
On September 1, 2008, Schramm fell to his death while scrambling Guye Peak, north of Snoqualmie Pass in Washington.
Research
A constant theme in Schramm's research was the exploration of relations between discrete models and their continuous scaling limits, which for a number of models turn out to be conformally invariant.
Schramm's most significant contribution was the invention of Schramm–Loe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Vaccaro | Joan Vaccaro is a physicist at Griffith University and a former student of David Pegg. Her work in quantum physics includes quantum phase, nonclassical states of light, coherent laser excitation of atomic gases, cold atomic gases, stochastic Schrödinger equations, quantum information theory, quantum references, wave–particle duality, quantum thermodynamics, and the physical nature of time.
Works
She is well known for her work on quantum asymmetry, having formulated the widely used entropic measure AG(ρ) of the ability of a system to act as a reference and extended quantum resource theory beyond that of quantum entanglement at the same time. She has extended Landauer's erasure principle, a key result connecting information theory and thermodynamics, to the erasure of information using diverse entropy reservoirs for which there may be a zero cost in terms of energy, and demonstrated the extended principle in the design of a quantum dot heat engine. She has established a connection between the violation of time reversal symmetry (T violation) and the nature of time. Her work proposes T violation as the origin of dynamics which has implications for the arrow of time
Membership
She is a member of the Centre for Quantum Dynamics and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics.
References
External links
Joan Vaccaro's homepage
Australian physicists
1956 births
Living people
Academic staff of Griffith University
Scientists from Brisbane
Fellows of the Institute of Physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati%20Science%20High%20School | The Makati Science High School (Filipino: Mataas na Paaralang Pang-agham ng Makati; informal: MakSci) is a public secondary school located in Kalayaan Avenue, Cembo. The school implemented the K-12 system last 2016 and offers only the Science and Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Strand for Senior High School (SHS). The current principal serving the school is Mr. Felix T. Bunagan since 2023.
History
The school was founded as Makati West High School on June 16, 1986 in Mayapis Street, Barangay San Antonio with the help of then-mayor Jejomar Binay in order to address the need of elementary graduates of the first legislative district of Makati. In its inauguration it was only the third public secondary school in the city, coming after Makati High School (1968) and Fort Bonifacio High School (1947). The school was re-christened as the Makati Science High School in 1994 and relocated to Osias Street, Barangay Poblacion in 1997. In 2014, it was moved to its current location in Kalayaan Avenue, Barangay Cembo.
On March 31, 2019, a fire broke out in the new Makati Science building on one of the classrooms at the 6th floor.
In 2022, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that Makati should stop exercising jurisdiction over Cembo, where the Makati Science High School is located, effectively placing the high school in Taguig.
Administration, management and supervision of the school was transferred by DepEd NCR from the Division of Makati City to the Division of Tag |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshaking%20lemma | In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the handshaking lemma is the statement that, in every finite undirected graph, the number of vertices that touch an odd number of edges is even. For example, if there is a party of people who shake hands, the number of people who shake an odd number of other people's hands is even. The handshaking lemma is a consequence of the degree sum formula, also sometimes called the handshaking lemma, according to which the sum of the degrees (the numbers of times each vertex is touched) equals twice the number of edges in the graph. Both results were proven by in his famous paper on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg that began the study of graph theory.
Beyond the Seven Bridges of Königsberg Problem, which subsequently formalized Eulerian Tours, other applications of the degree sum formula include proofs of certain combinatorial structures. For example, in the proofs of Sperner's lemma and the mountain climbing problem the geometric properties of the formula commonly arise. The complexity class PPA encapsulates the difficulty of finding a second odd vertex, given one such vertex in a large implicitly-defined graph.
Definitions and statement
An undirected graph consists of a system of vertices, and edges connecting unordered pairs of vertices. In any graph, the degree of a vertex is defined as the number of edges that have as an endpoint. For graphs that are allowed to contain loops connecting a vertex to itself, a loop should be counted as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Massimino | Alberto Massimino (5 January 1895 – 27 November 1975) was an Italian automotive engineer.
Biography
Born in Turin, he studied mechanical engineering in Switzerland and worked for FIAT (1924–28), where he followed Vittorio Jano who had left for Alfa Romeo. The 1500 cc, 12-cylinder 806/504 was driven by Pietro Bordino in the Gran Premio di Milano (1927). He also had a short stay at Alfa Romeo and Stabilimenti Farina before joining Scuderia Ferrari (1938–44), working on the 158 Alfetta with Gioacchino Colombo, as well as on the
Tipo 815 (1940 Mille Miglia).
At Maserati (1944–52) he was involved in the Maserati 4CLT,
Maserati A6 (1946) and Maserati 250F (1952). He then worked for on shorter projects for
Ferrari (the Jano V12 and Dino), Stanguellini, De Tomaso, Moretti and Scuderia Serenissima.
Massiminimo died at Modena in 1975.
References
External links
Ferrari designers
grandprix.com
Automotive engineers from Turin
Ferrari people
Formula One designers
Maserati people
Italian motorsport people
1895 births
1975 deaths
Italian expatriates in Switzerland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20integrability | In mathematics, uniform integrability is an important concept in real analysis, functional analysis and measure theory, and plays a vital role in the theory of martingales.
Measure-theoretic definition
Uniform integrability is an extension to the notion of a family of functions being dominated in which is central in dominated convergence.
Several textbooks on real analysis and measure theory use the following definition:
Definition A: Let be a positive measure space. A set is called uniformly integrable if , and to each there corresponds a such that
whenever and
Definition A is rather restrictive for infinite measure spaces. A more general definition of uniform integrability that works well in general measures spaces was introduced by G. A. Hunt.
Definition H: Let be a positive measure space. A set is called uniformly integrable if and only if
where .
For finite measure spaces the following result follows from Definition H:
Theorem 1: If is a (positive) finite measure space, then a set is uniformly integrable if and only if
Many textbooks in probability present Theorem 1 as the definition of uniform integrability in Probability spaces. When the space is -finite, Definition H yields the following equivalency:
Theorem 2: Let be a -finite measure space, and be such that almost surely. A set is uniformly integrable if and only if , and for any , there exits such that
whenever .
In particular, the equivalence of Definitions A and H for finite m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCL%20Department%20of%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Studies | The UCL Department of Science and Technology Studies (STS) is an academic department in University College London, London, England. It is part of UCL's Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences. The department offers academic training at both undergraduate and graduate (MSc and MPhil/PhD) levels.
The department received its current name in 1995. It had been the "Department of History and Philosophy of Science" from 1938 to 1995, and the "Department of History and Method of Science" from 1921 to 1938.
University College London was the first UK university to offer single honours undergraduate degrees in this interdisciplinary subject, launching its BSc in history and philosophy of science in 1993. Two related BSc degrees followed shortly thereafter. At UCL, science and technology studies (abbreviated "STS") includes three specialist research clusters: "history of science," "philosophy of science," and "science, culture, and democracy". In 2022 STS accepted its first cohort for an MSc in Science Communication.
The department offices are located on UCL's campus in Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, London.
References
External links
UCL Department of Science and Technology Studies website
Educational institutions established in 1994
Science and Technology Studies
History of science and technology in England
Science and technology studies
Science and technology in London
1994 establishments in England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse%E2%80%93Palais%20lemma | In mathematics, the Morse–Palais lemma is a result in the calculus of variations and theory of Hilbert spaces. Roughly speaking, it states that a smooth enough function near a critical point can be expressed as a quadratic form after a suitable change of coordinates.
The Morse–Palais lemma was originally proved in the finite-dimensional case by the American mathematician Marston Morse, using the Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process. This result plays a crucial role in Morse theory. The generalization to Hilbert spaces is due to Richard Palais and Stephen Smale.
Statement of the lemma
Let be a real Hilbert space, and let be an open neighbourhood of the origin in Let be a -times continuously differentiable function with that is, Assume that and that is a non-degenerate critical point of that is, the second derivative defines an isomorphism of with its continuous dual space by
Then there exists a subneighbourhood of in a diffeomorphism that is with inverse, and an invertible symmetric operator such that
Corollary
Let be such that is a non-degenerate critical point. Then there exists a -with--inverse diffeomorphism and an orthogonal decomposition
such that, if one writes
then
See also
References
Calculus of variations
Hilbert spaces
Lemmas in analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misiurewicz%20point | In mathematics, a Misiurewicz point is a parameter value in the Mandelbrot set (the parameter space of complex quadratic maps) and also in real quadratic maps of the interval for which the critical point is strictly pre-periodic (i.e., it becomes periodic after finitely many iterations but is not periodic itself). By analogy, the term Misiurewicz point is also used for parameters in a multibrot set where the unique critical point is strictly pre-periodic (This term makes less sense for maps in greater generality that have more than one free critical point because some critical points might be periodic and others not). These points are named after the Polish-American mathematician Michał Misiurewicz, who was the first to study them.
Mathematical notation
A parameter is a Misiurewicz point if it satisfies the equations:
and:
so:
where:
is a critical point of ,
and are positive integers,
denotes the -th iterate of .
Name
The term "Misiurewicz point" is used ambiguously: Misiurewicz originally investigated maps in which all critical points were non-recurrent; that is, in which there exists a neighborhood for every critical point that is not visited by the orbit of this critical point. This meaning is firmly established in the context of the dynamics of iterated interval maps. Only in very special cases does a quadratic polynomial have a strictly periodic and unique critical point. In this restricted sense, the term is used in complex dynamics; a more appropriate o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Lee%20%28medical%20researcher%29 | Patrick Lee is a medical researcher and professor.
He discovered that reovirus preferentially replicates in Ras transformed cells and is therefore a good candidate for cancer therapy.
Dr. Lee holds a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Alberta.
He is currently a faculty member at Dalhousie University.
External links
Patrick Lee's faculty page at the University of Calgary
Patrick Lee's faculty page at Dalhousie University
Canadian medical researchers
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now%20You%20See%20Him%2C%20Now%20You%20Don%27t | Now You See Him, Now You Don't is a 1972 American science fiction comedy film starring Kurt Russell as a chemistry student who accidentally discovers the secret to invisibility. It is the second film in Dexter Riley series.
Now You See Him, Now You Don't was the first Disney film to be shown on television in a two-hour time slot, in 1975. Previous television showings of Disney films had either shown them edited or split into two one-hour time slots.
Plot
At Medfield College, science buff Dexter Riley and his friends, including Richard Schuyler and Debbie Dawson, eavesdrop via a hidden walkie-talkie on a board meeting led by Dean Eugene Higgins, discussing the small college's continuing precarious finances. Later that afternoon, Professor Lufkin shows Higgins around the science laboratory where Dexter is working on an experiment with invisibility and another student, Druffle, explores the flight of bumblebees. That night, during a powerful thunderstorm, the laboratory is struck by lightning, resulting in the destruction of Dexter’s work. The next day, as Dexter examines his burnt equipment with dismay, Higgins meets with A.J. Arno, a recently released prisoner, who had also purchased Medfield's mortgage. When Dexter accidentally drops one half of his glasses into a container of his experimental formula, it appears as if the substance destroys them, but upon closer examination, Dexter realizes the frames are merely partially invisible. After several tests, Dexter places his f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Solomon | Susan Solomon (born January 19, 1956, in Chicago) is an American atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In 2011, Solomon joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she serves as the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate Science. Solomon, with her colleagues, was the first to propose the chlorofluorocarbon free radical reaction mechanism that is the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole.
Solomon is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences, and the French Academy of Sciences.
In 2002, Discover magazine recognized her as one of the 50 most important women in science.
In 2008, Solomon was selected by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. She also serves on the Science and Security Board for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Biography
Early life
Solomon's interest in science began as a child watching The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau. In high school she placed third in a national science competition, with a project that measured the percentage of oxygen in a gas mixture.
Solomon received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1977. She then received an M.S. in chemistry in 1979 from the University of California, Berkeley, followed by a Ph.D. in 1981 in atmospheric chemistry.
Personal life
Solomon married Barry Sidwell in 1988. She is J |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20property | Separation property may refer to:
Separation property (finance), a concept used to simplify the process of building a portfolio of financial assets
Prewellordering in mathematics, a component of set theory
Separation axiom in mathematics, a concept in topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.%20David%20Mermin | Nathaniel David Mermin (; born 30 March 1935) is a solid-state physicist at Cornell University best known for the eponymous Mermin–Wagner theorem, his application of the term "boojum" to superfluidity, his textbook with Neil Ashcroft on solid-state physics, and for contributions to the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information science.
Education and career
Mermin was born in 1935 in New Haven, Connecticut. He obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Harvard University in 1956, graduating summa cum laude. He remained at Harvard for his graduate studies, earning a PhD in physics in 1961. After holding postdoctoral positions at the University of Birmingham and the University of California, San Diego, he joined the Cornell University faculty in 1964. He became a Cornell professor emeritus in 2006.
Early in his career, Mermin worked in statistical physics and condensed-matter physics, including the study of matter at low temperatures, the behavior of electron gases, the classification of quasicrystals, and quantum chemistry. His later research contributions included work in quantum information science and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Mermin was the first to note how the three-particle GHZ state demonstrates that no local hidden-variable theory can explain quantum correlations, and together with Asher Peres, he introduced the "magic square" proof, another demonstration that attempting to "complete" quantum mechanics with hidden variables does no |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Thuillier | Louis Thuillier (4 May 1856 – 19 September 1883) was a French biologist from Amiens. He studied biology and physics in Amiens and Paris, and in 1880 went to work as an assistant in the laboratory of Louis Pasteur.
With Pasteur and his colleagues, Thuillier was instrumental in developing vaccinations against rabies, swine fever and anthrax. In 1882-83 Thuillier was sent throughout Germany and Austria-Hungary, conducting a series of vaccinations of sheep and cattle against anthrax. On these trips he did further research of the disease, and conducted an ongoing correspondence of letters with Pasteur. These letters mention the successes and disappointments Thuillier had with the vaccine, and have been translated into English as "Correspondence of Pasteur and Thuillier, Concerning Anthrax and Swine Fever Vaccinations".
In 1883 he was sent on a mission to Alexandria with Pierre Paul Émile Roux (1853-1933) and Edmond Nocard (1850-1903) to study an epidemic of cholera. Thuillier contracted the disease and died on September 19, 1883, at the age of 27.
External links
Article about the Correspondence of Pasteur and Thuillier
Thuillier, Louis
Thuillier, Louis
Thuillier, Louis
Deaths from cholera
Infectious disease deaths in Egypt
People from Amiens |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley%20of%20stability | In nuclear physics, the valley of stability (also called the belt of stability, nuclear valley, energy valley, or beta stability valley) is a characterization of the stability of nuclides to radioactivity based on their binding energy. Nuclides are composed of protons and neutrons. The shape of the valley refers to the profile of binding energy as a function of the numbers of neutrons and protons, with the lowest part of the valley corresponding to the region of most stable nuclei. The line of stable nuclides down the center of the valley of stability is known as the line of beta stability. The sides of the valley correspond to increasing instability to beta decay (β− or β+). The decay of a nuclide becomes more energetically favorable the further it is from the line of beta stability. The boundaries of the valley correspond to the nuclear drip lines, where nuclides become so unstable they emit single protons or single neutrons. Regions of instability within the valley at high atomic number also include radioactive decay by alpha radiation or spontaneous fission. The shape of the valley is roughly an elongated paraboloid corresponding to the nuclide binding energies as a function of neutron and atomic numbers.
The nuclides within the valley of stability encompass the entire table of nuclides. The chart of those nuclides is also known as a Segrè chart, after the physicist Emilio Segrè. The Segrè chart may be considered a map of the nuclear valley. The region of prot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Lowe | Ian Lowe (born 3 November 1942) is an Australian academic and writer focused on environmental issues. A physics graduate, he is an Emeritus Professor of Science, Technology and Society and former Head of the School of Science at Griffith University. He is also an adjunct professor at Sunshine Coast University and Flinders University.
Lowe has authored or co-authored 10 books, 10 Open University books, more than 50 book chapters and over 500 other publications. Books by Lowe include A Big Fix, Reaction Time, Living in the Hothouse, Why vs Why: Nuclear Power, A Voice of Reason: Reflections on Australia, Bigger or Better? Australia's Population Debate, The Lucky Country? Reinventing Australia and Long Half-life: The Nuclear Industry in Australia.
Career
In 1996 he was chair-person of the advisory council producing the first national report on the state of Australia's environment. He is a patron of Sustainable Population Australia. One of his principal interests is the way policy decisions influence use of science and technology, especially in the fields of energy and environment.
He wrote for 13 years a regular column for New Scientist and also writes for several other publications, as well as contributing frequently to electronic media programs.
Lowe was a member of the Australian Radiation Health and Safety Advisory Council from 2002 to 2014 and a former member or chair of many other bodies advising all three levels of government in Australia.
He was President of the A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Shevlin | Professor Philip B. Shevlin is an American experimental chemist, based primarily at Auburn University.
Professor Shevlin is an internationally recognized research scientist. His special field of expertise is centered on the chemistry of high energy reactive intermediates. These intermediates include atomic carbon, carbenes, monovalent carbon species and other energetic molecules.
Professor Shevlin is also involved in the synthesis of a variety of carbocyclic and heterocyclic nucleoside analogs.
Curriculum vitae
1965-1966 Research Associate, Brookhaven National Laboratory
1966-1968 U.S. Army
1968-1970 Research Associate, Brookhaven National Laboratory
1970-1974 Assistant Professor, Auburn University
1974-1979 Associate Professor, Auburn University
1979 -1998 Professor, Auburn University
1998- 2002 Mosley Professor of Science and Humanities, Auburn University
2002- Professor Emeritus, Auburn university
Education
B. S. Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 1961
M. S. Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1963
Ph.D. Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1966
Books
Shevlin, P. B. and Campbell, O. A.. Concepts of Science; Kendall/Hunt: Dubuque, IA, 2nd Edition, 1995.
Shevlin, P. B.,Concepts of Science; Kendall/Hunt: Dubuque, IA, 1993.
External links
"University Home Page
21st-century American chemists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lafayette College alumni
Yale University alumni
Auburn University faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock%20forecast | Stock Forecast can refer to:
Stock forecasts based on human experience: Human traders based on their experience in terms of stock price patterns, volume changes, and market news/rumors regarding a particular stock.
Stock forecasts based on machine learning: Systematic research efforts to analyzing patterns of past stock price behaviors and devise algorithms to predict particular stock price patterns. Stock Forecast are widely published in the public domain in the forms of newsletters, investment promotion organizations, public/private forums, and scientific forecast services. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratics | Quadratics is a six-part Canadian instructional television series produced by TVOntario in 1993. The miniseries is part of the Concepts in Mathematics series. The program uses computer animation to demonstrate quadratic equations and their corresponding functions in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Synopsis
Each program involves two robots, Edie and Charon, who work on an assembly line in a high-tech factory. The robots discuss their desire to learn about quadratic equations, and they are subsequently provided with lessons that further their education.
Episodes
References
1993 Canadian television series debuts
1993 Canadian television series endings
Canadian children's education television series
TVO original programming
Mathematics education television series
1990s Canadian children's television series
Canadian television series with live action and animation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah%20and%20Franklin%20Haimo%20Awards%20for%20Distinguished%20College%20or%20University%20Teaching%20of%20Mathematics | The Deborah and Franklin Tepper Haimo Awards for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics are awards given by the Mathematical Association of America to recognize college or university teachers "who have been widely recognized as extraordinarily successful and whose teaching effectiveness has been shown to have had influence beyond their own institutions." The Haimo awards are the highest teaching honor bestowed by the MAA. The awards were established in 1993 by Deborah Tepper Haimo and named after Haimo and her husband Franklin Haimo. After the first year of the award (when seven awards were given) up to three awards are given every year.
Winners
The winners of the award have been:
1993: Joseph Gallian, Robert V. Hogg, Anne Lester Hudson, Frank Morgan, V. Frederick Rickey, Doris Schattschneider, and Philip D. Straffin Jr.
1994: Paul Halmos, Justin Jesse Price, and Alan Tucker
1995: Robert L. Devaney, Lisa Mantini, and David S. Moore
1996: Thomas Banchoff, Edward M. Landesman, and Herbert Wilf
1997: Carl C. Cowen, Carl Pomerance, and T. Christine Stevens
1998: Colin Adams, Rhonda Hatcher, and Rhonda Hughes
1999: Joel Brawley, Robert W. Case, and Joan Hutchinson
2000: Arthur T. Benjamin, Donald S. Passman, and Gary W. Towsley
2001: Edward Burger, Evelyn Silvia, and Leonard F. Klosinki
2002: Dennis DeTurck, Paul Sally, and Edward Spitznagel Jr.
2003: Judith Grabiner, Ranjan Roy, and Paul Zeitz
2004: Thomas Garrity, Andy Liu, and Olympia Nicodemi
2005: Geral |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FJS | FJS may refer to:
Fallskärmsjägarskolan (FJS), the Swedish Parachute Ranger School
French Japanese Society for fine and medicinal chemistry
Fajar Secondary School (FJS), in Bukit Panjang, Singapore
FJ-S Cruiser Concept, a concept version of the Toyota FJ Cruiser
FJS-1, a type of lunar regolith simulant
FJS, airline code for Florida Jet Service
Federación Juvenil Socialista (FJS), Chilean socialist party joined by revolutionary Miguel Enríquez
Federación de Juventudes Socialistas (FJS), one of the original parties consolidated into the Communist Party of Spain
Franz Josef Strauss, West German politician (1915-1988)
See also
FJ (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact%20couple | In mathematics, an exact couple, due to , is a general source of spectral sequences. It is common especially in algebraic topology; for example, Serre spectral sequence can be constructed by first constructing an exact couple.
For the definition of an exact couple and the construction of a spectral sequence from it (which is immediate), see . For a basic example, see Bockstein spectral sequence. The present article covers additional materials.
Exact couple of a filtered complex
Let R be a ring, which is fixed throughout the discussion. Note if R is , then modules over R are the same thing as abelian groups.
Each filtered chain complex of modules determines an exact couple, which in turn determines a spectral sequence, as follows. Let C be a chain complex graded by integers and suppose it is given an increasing filtration: for each integer p, there is an inclusion of complexes:
From the filtration one can form the associated graded complex:
which is doubly-graded and which is the zero-th page of the spectral sequence:
To get the first page, for each fixed p, we look at the short exact sequence of complexes:
from which we obtain a long exact sequence of homologies: (p is still fixed)
With the notation , the above reads:
which is precisely an exact couple and is a complex with the differential . The derived couple of this exact couple gives the second page and we iterate. In the end, one obtains the complexes with the differential d:
The next lemma gives a more expli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%E2%80%93Radau%20equation | In astrophysics, the Darwin–Radau equation (named after Rodolphe Radau and Charles Galton Darwin) gives an approximate relation between the moment of inertia factor of a planetary body and its rotational speed and shape. The moment of inertia factor is directly related to the largest principal moment of inertia, C. It is assumed that the rotating body is in hydrostatic equilibrium and is an ellipsoid of revolution. The Darwin–Radau equation states
where M and Re represent the mass and mean equatorial radius of the body. Here λ is the d'Alembert parameter and the Radau parameter η is defined as
where q is the geodynamical constant
and ε is the geometrical flattening
where Rp is the mean polar radius and Re is the mean equatorial radius.
For Earth, and , which yields , a good approximation to the measured value of 0.3307.
References
Astrophysics
Planetary science
Equations of astronomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LULI | LULI : Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses'' (LULI''') is a scientific research laboratory specialised in the study of plasmas generated by laser-matter interaction at high intensities and their applications. The main missions of LULI include: (i) Research in Plasma Physics, (ii) Development and operation of high-power high-energy lasers and experimental facilities, (iii) student formation in Plasma Physics, Optics and Laser Physics.
Research in Plasma Physics
Focusing the extreme power of pulsed lasers (up to the petawatt level, 1015W) onto tiny spots, μm to mm in diameter, leads to ultrahigh intensities reaching today 1020W/cm2 or more. Targets irradiated at such intensities can reach temperatures of the order of hundred million degrees and pressures of tens of megabars. Moreover, the electric and magnetic fields associated with the laser beam itself or the fields produced in the plasma are responsible for the acceleration of particles to relativistic energies and to the production of intense radiation from THz to x-rays and γ-rays.
The main subjects studied by LULI's scientists include laser inertial fusion and all its physical components (e.g. laser-plasma interaction), fundamental physics of hot and dense plasmas and its applications in astrophysics and geophysics. In the short-pulse picosecond regime, the main developments concern the fast-igniter scheme for inertial fusion, and the production of brief and intense sources of radiation and relativisti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20M.%20Adovasio | James M. Adovasio (born 1944) is an American archaeologist and one of the foremost experts in perishable artifacts (such as basketry and textiles). He was formerly the Provost, Dean of the Zurn School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, and Director of the Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute at Mercyhurst University in Erie, Pennsylvania, Adovasio is best known for his work at Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania and for his subsequent role in the "Clovis First" debate. He has published nearly 400 books, monographs, articles, and papers in his field.
Background
James M. Adovasio was born in Youngstown, Ohio in 1944. He received his B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Arizona in 1965. He spent a year in the University of Arizona's graduate program in anthropology before pursuing his Ph.D., which he received in 1970 from the University of Utah. During his graduate studies, Adovasio worked on multiple excavations and ecological and archaeological mapping projects in Utah; he also performed basketry and textile analyses for Danger Cave and Hogup Cave.
By his own admission, Adovasio was "programmed to be an archaeologist." He developed a passion for archaeology at a young age. Under the guidance of his mother, a historian, he learned to read using books about geology, paleontology, and archaeology.
Once at the University of Utah, Adovasio studied under the tutelage of Jesse D. Jennings, whose work at Danger Cave and other eastern Great basin closed sites greatly inf |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Lacroix%20%28biochemist%29 | Marc Guy Albert Marie Lacroix (; born 28 April 1963 in Verviers, Wallonia, Belgium) is a biochemist (educated at University of Liège) and a researcher who specializes in breast cancer biology, metastasis and therapy.
He works at Institut Jules Bordet (Brussels, Belgium). He lives in Baelen
Earlier work
Breast cancer cells (BCC) frequently metastasize to the skeleton, where they lead to tumor-induced osteolysis and subsequent morbidity. Marc Lacroix has investigated the interrelationships between BCC and bone cells (osteoblasts, the bone-building cells, and osteoclasts, the bone-degrading cells). With colleagues, he discovered that BCC produce soluble factors increasing osteoclast activity, notably interleukin-11, the production of which is reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin. BCC also reduce the proliferation of osteoblasts and their production of collagen, the main protein component of bone. Marc Lacroix also examined the response BCC to the anti-osteolytic agent calcitonin
In close collaboration with Prof. Guy Leclercq (Laboratoire Jean-Claude Heuson de Cancérologie Mammaire, Institut Jules Bordet, Belgium), Marc Lacroix has studied various aspects of estrogen receptor biology, ligand-binding and transcriptional activity, and life-cycle.
Recent work
The amount of data on breast cancer available for the scientific and medical community is growing rapidly. According to PubMed, a search engine offering access to the MEDLINE database of citations and abstracts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Sitter%20effect | In astrophysics, the term de Sitter effect (named after the Dutch physicist Willem de Sitter) has been applied to two unrelated phenomena:
De Sitter double star experiment
De Sitter precession – also known as geodetic precession or the geodetic effect
Astrophysics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Oxygen | Project Oxygen is a research project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to develop pervasive, human-centered computing. The Oxygen architecture is to consist of handheld terminals, computers embedded in the environment, and dynamically configured networks which connect these devices.
References
External links
MIT Project Oxygen
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Usability |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseradish%20peroxidase | The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), found in the roots of horseradish, is used extensively in biochemistry applications. It is a metalloenzyme with many isoforms, of which the most studied type is C. It catalyzes the oxidation of various organic substrates by hydrogen peroxide.
Structure
The structure of the enzyme was first solved by X-ray crystallography in 1997 and has since been solved several times with various substrates. It is a large alpha-helical glycoprotein which binds heme as a redox cofactor.
Substrates
Alone, the HRP enzyme, or conjugates thereof, is of little value; its presence must be made visible using a substrate that, when oxidized by HRP using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, yields a characteristic color change that is detectable by spectrophotometric methods.
Numerous substrates for horseradish peroxidase have been described and commercialized to exploit the desirable features of HRP. These substrates fall into several distinct categories. HRP catalyzes the conversion of chromogenic substrates (e.g., TMB, DAB, ABTS) into colored products, and produces light when acting on chemiluminescent substrates (e.g. Enhanced Chemiluminescence by luminol).
Applications
Horseradish peroxidase is a 44,173.9-dalton glycoprotein with 6 lysine residues which can be conjugated to a labeled molecule. It produces a coloured, fluorimetric, or luminescent derivative of the labeled molecule when incubated with a proper substrate, allowing it to be det |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerized%20Achievement%20Levels%20Test | The Computerized Achievement Levels Test is a student achievement test, and is more commonly referred to as the Northwest Achievement Levels Test (NALT), the paper version of the test.
According to McGraw-Hill, the publisher of the CAT, CAT/5 tests accurately measure achievement in reading, language, spelling, mathematics, study skills, science, and social studies. CAT/5 reports are available in many formats for different target audiences. By presenting relevant, accurate results in a variety of ways, reports can assist teachers with instructional planning, indicate curricula directions for administrators, and help parents understand areas where children are academically strong and where added attention may be necessary.
Additionally, the publisher says test content represents different cultures and covers a broad range of subjects, appealing to all students.
According to Frontline (PBS), although many believe that tests are the best or only indicator of student performance, it is important to remember that there are other indicators of a child's knowledge and skill levels. Moreover, achievement tests are sometimes used to measure or evaluate aspects of education for which they are not designed, including how well a school is educating its students. Despite what some see as problems and controversies, tests are very successful in measuring the things they are designed to measure. There are, however, many skills and attributes tests do not measure. For example, standardize |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Waterman | Michael Spencer Waterman (born June 28, 1942) is a Professor of Biology, Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Southern California (USC), where he holds an Endowed Associates Chair in Biological Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Science. He previously held positions at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Idaho State University.
Education and early life
Waterman grew up near Bandon, Oregon, and earned a bachelor's degree in Mathematics from Oregon State University, followed by a PhD in statistics and probability from Michigan State University in 1969.
Research and career
Waterman is one of the founders and current leaders in the area of computational biology. He focuses on applying mathematics, statistics, and computer science techniques to various problems in molecular biology. His work has contributed to some of the most widely used tools in the field. In particular, the Smith-Waterman algorithm (developed with Temple F. Smith) is the basis for many sequence alignment programs. In 1988, Waterman and Eric Lander published a landmark paper describing a mathematical model for fingerprint mapping. This work formed one of the theoretical cornerstones for many of the later DNA mapping and sequencing projects, especially the Human Genome Project. A 1995 paper by Idury and Waterman introduced Eulerian-De Bruijn sequence assembly which is widely used in next-generation sequencing projects.
With Pavel A. Pevzner (a former postdoctoral researcher in his lab), he bega |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay%20equalization | In signal processing, delay equalization corresponds to adjusting the relative phases of different frequencies to achieve a constant group delay, using by adding an all-pass filter in series with an uncompensated filter. Clever machine-learning techniques are now being applied to the design of such filters.
References
Signal processing
Digital signal processing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20informatics | Business informatics (BI) is a discipline combining economics, the economics of digitization, business administration, information technology (IT), and concepts of computer science. Business informatics centers around creating programming and equipment frameworks which ultimately provide the organization with effective operation based on information technology application. The focus on programming and equipment boosts the value of the analysis of economics and information technology. The BI discipline was created in Germany (in German: Wirtschaftsinformatik). It is an established academic discipline, including bachelor, master, diploma, and PhD programs in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey, and is establishing itself in an increasing number of other countries as well, including Finland, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, and India.
Business informatics as an integrative discipline
Business informatics shows similarities to information systems (IS), which is a well-established discipline originating in North America. However, there are a few differences that make business informatics a unique discipline:
Business informatics includes information technology, like the relevant portions of applied computer science, to a significantly larger extent than information systems do.
Business informatics includes significant construction and implementation-oriented elements. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mioara%20Mugur-Sch%C3%A4chter | Mioara Mugur-Schächter is a French-Romanian physicist, specialized in fundamental quantum mechanics, probability theory and information theory. She is also an epistemologist (methodologist) of scientific knowledge generation. As a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Reims, she founded the Laboratory of Quantum Mechanics and Information Structures, which she directed until 1997. She is currently president of the Centre pour la Synthèse d'une Épistémologie Formalisée.
Biography
Born in Romania, she arrived in France in 1962 from Bucharest. Her PhD thesis, of which the whole content had been elaborated beforehand in Bucharest and sent to Louis de Broglie, was published in a volume prefaced by de Broglie and published in the collection "Les grands problèmes des sciences", Gauthiers Villars, Paris, 1964.
She became a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, where she founded the Laboratory for Quantum Mechanics and Information Structure, which she directed until 1997.
Selected publications
Étude du caractère complet de la théorie quantique (1964)
The quantum mechanical one-system formalism, joint probabilities and locality, in Quantum Mechanics a half Century Later, J. L. Lopes and M. Paty, eds., Reidel, pp. 107-146, 1977
Study of Wigner’s Theorem on Joint Probabilities, Found. Phys., Vol. 9, pp. 389-404, 1979.
Le concept nouveau de fonctionnelle d’opacité d’une statistique. Etude des relations entre la loi des grand |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davies%20attack | In cryptography, the Davies attack is a dedicated statistical cryptanalysis method for attacking the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The attack was originally created in 1987 by Donald Davies. In 1994, Eli Biham and Alex Biryukov made significant improvements to the technique. It is a known-plaintext attack based on the non-uniform distribution of the outputs of pairs of adjacent S-boxes. It works by collecting many known plaintext/ciphertext pairs and calculating the empirical distribution of certain characteristics. Bits of the key can be deduced given sufficiently many known plaintexts, leaving the remaining bits to be found through brute force. There are tradeoffs between the number of required plaintexts, the number of key bits found, and the probability of success; the attack can find 24 bits of the key with 252 known plaintexts and 53% success rate.
The Davies attack can be adapted to other Feistel ciphers besides DES. In 1998, Pornin developed techniques for analyzing and maximizing a cipher's resistance to this kind of cryptanalysis.
References
Cryptographic attacks
Data Encryption Standard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic%20number%20system | A logarithmic number system (LNS) is an arithmetic system used for representing real numbers in computer and digital hardware, especially for digital signal processing.
Overview
A number, , is represented in an LNS by two components: the logarithm () of its absolute value (as a binary word usually in two's complement), and its sign bit ():
An LNS can be considered as a floating-point number with the significand being always equal to 1 and a non-integer exponent. This formulation simplifies the operations of multiplication, division, powers and roots, since they are reduced down to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, respectively.
On the other hand, the operations of addition and subtraction are more complicated and they are calculated by the formulae:
where the "sum" function is defined by , and the "difference" function by . These functions and are also known as Gaussian logarithms.
The simplification of multiplication, division, roots, and powers is counterbalanced by the cost of evaluating these functions for addition and subtraction. This added cost of evaluation may not be critical when using an LNS primarily for increasing the precision of floating-point math operations.
History
Logarithmic number systems have been independently invented and published at least three times as an alternative to fixed-point and floating-point number systems.
Nicholas Kingsbury and Peter Rayner introduced "logarithmic arithmetic" for digital signal processing (D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Fowler%20%28mathematician%29 | David Herbert Fowler (28 April 1937 – 13 April 2004) was a historian of Greek mathematics who published work on pre-Eudoxian ratio theory (using the process he called anthyphairesis). He disputed the standard story of
Greek mathematical discovery, in which the discovery of the phenomenon of incommensurability came as a shock.
Fowler was also the translator of René Thom's book Structural Stability and Morphogenesis from French (Stabilité strukturelle et morphogénèse) into English.
References
Obituary in The Guardian, 3 May 2004 by Christopher Zeeman.
Obituary in The Independent, 24 May 2004.
External links
Bibliography
Book Review by Fernando Q. Gouvêa of The Mathematics of Plato's Academy
Memorial symposium organized in his honor at Warwick, 9 November 2004.
British historians of mathematics
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
1937 births
2004 deaths
Fowler, David
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
People educated at Rossall School |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%20High%20School%20%28Los%20Angeles%20County%2C%20California%29 | Pioneer High School is a public school in West Whittier-Los Nietos, a census-designated place in unincorporated Los Angeles County, California.
Academics
Pioneer High School encourages the taking of AP courses in order to challenge and prepare for college.
Pioneer High School offers a wide variety of AP courses, which include:
AP Biology
AP Calculus AB
AP Calculus BC
AP Chemistry
AP English Language and Composition
AP English Literature and Composition
AP Environmental Science
AP French Language
AP Human Geography
AP Physics C
AP Spanish Language
AP Spanish Literature
AP United States Government and Politics
AP United States History
AP World History
General information
Pioneer High School, home of the Titans, is located in unincorporated community of West Whittier-Los Nietos, California, neighboring the city of Pico Rivera. The school serves students from the Los Nietos, South Whittier, and Whittier City school districts. PHS is one of the 5 comprehensive high schools in the Whittier Union High School District.
Demographics
The student body at pioneer is 96.4% Hispanic, 1.8% White, and less than 1% each Asian, Black, Native American and Pacific Islander. (As of 2020-2021)
Titan sports
Fall sports
Cross country
Football
Tennis (girls)
Volleyball (girls)
Water polo (boys)
Winter sports
Basketball
Soccer - 1979 3A CIF Champs; 1978, 1979
Wrestling -
Spring sports
Baseball
Golf
Softball
Swimming
Tennis (boys)
Track & field
Volleyball (boys)
Summer spo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20O.%20Rice | Stephen Oswald Rice (November 29, 1907 – November 18, 1986) was a pioneer in the related fields of information theory, communications theory, and telecommunications.
Biography
Rice was born in Shedds, Oregon (later renamed Shedd).
He received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Oregon State University and did graduate work at Caltech and at Columbia University. He worked for nearly forty years at Bell Labs. At Bell Labs, Rice discovered the Rice distribution and Rice's formula. In 1957–58 he was a visiting professor at Harvard University.
His paper “Mathematical Analysis of Random Noise”, published in the Bell System Technical Journal divided over two issues, is considered as a classic reference in its field.
He died in La Jolla, California.
Awards and honors
He was elected to member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1977.
In 1983 he was awarded the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal.
The IEEE Communications Society named a paper prize after him: the Stephen O. Rice Prize for best paper in the field of communications theory.
References
1907 births
1986 deaths
American electrical engineers
Oregon State University alumni
Scientists at Bell Labs
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century American engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20L.%20Jorgensen | William L. Jorgensen (born October 5, 1949, New York) is a Sterling Professor of Chemistry at Yale University. He is considered a pioneer in the field of computational chemistry. Some of his contributions include the TIP3P, TIP4P, and TIP5P water models, the OPLS force field, and his work on free-energy perturbation theory for modeling reactions in solution, protein-ligand binding, and
drug design; he has over 400 publications in the field. Jorgensen has been the Editor of the ACS Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation since its founding in 2005.
Background and achievements
Jorgensen earned a bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1970 and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1975 in Chemical Physics while studying under Elias J. Corey. Jorgensen then worked at Purdue University from 1975 to 1990 first as an assistant professor and then later as a Professor. He joined the Yale faculty in 1990 and has remained there since. Jorgensen's work has been recognized by many awards including election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the International Academy of Quantum and Molecular Sciences. He has also received the ACS Award for Computers in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, the ACS Hildebrand Award, the Tetrahedron Prize, and Arthur C. Cope Award.
Research interests
Jorgensen's research interests are broad and include the calculation of free energy of reactions using quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, and Me |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerson%20Goldhaber | Gerson Goldhaber (February 20, 1924 – July 19, 2010) was a German-born American particle physicist and astrophysicist. He was one of the discoverers of the J/ψ meson which confirmed the existence of the charm quark. He worked at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with the Supernova Cosmology Project, and was a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley as well as a professor at Berkeley's graduate school in astrophysics.
Biography
Goldhaber was born on February 20, 1924, in Germany. His Jewish family fled Nazi Germany to Egypt and Goldhaber earned a master's degree in physics in 1947 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Goldhaber was awarded his Ph.D. in 1950 from the University of Wisconsin and became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1953 while he was on the faculty of Columbia University.
Goldhaber became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and did additional work at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. At Berkeley, Goldhaber was part of a particle physics research team that used photographic emulsion to track the movements of subatomic particles in proton-proton scattering experiments that led to the identification of the antiproton, a discovery that earned Owen Chamberlain and Emilio G. Segrè the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959.
From 1960-61 Goldhaber was a Ford Foundation fellow at CERN, Geneva. During this period he co-authored with his wife and B. Peters a CERN report. A particle he discovered in 1963 wa |
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