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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20semilattice%20quotient | In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a maximal semilattice quotient is a commutative monoid derived from another commutative monoid by making certain elements equivalent to each other.
Every commutative monoid can be endowed with its algebraic preordering ≤ . By definition, x≤ y holds, if there exists z such that x+z=y. Further, for x, y in M, let hold, if there exists a positive integer n such that x≤ ny, and let hold, if and . The binary relation is a monoid congruence of M, and the quotient monoid is the maximal semilattice quotient of M.
This terminology can be explained by the fact that the canonical projection p from M onto is universal among all monoid homomorphisms from M to a (∨,0)-semilattice, that is, for any (∨,0)-semilattice S and any monoid homomorphism f: M→ S, there exists a unique (∨,0)-homomorphism such that f=gp.
If M is a refinement monoid, then is a distributive semilattice.
References
A.H. Clifford and G.B. Preston, The Algebraic Theory of Semigroups. Vol. I. Mathematical Surveys, No. 7, American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I. 1961. xv+224 p.
Lattice theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZJ%20theorem | In mathematics, George Glauberman's ZJ theorem states that if a finite group G is p-constrained and p-stable and has a normal p-subgroup for some odd prime p, then O(G)Z(J(S)) is a normal subgroup of G, for any Sylow p-subgroup S.
Notation and definitions
J(S) is the Thompson subgroup of a p-group S: the subgroup generated by the abelian subgroups of maximal order.
Z(H) means the center of a group H.
O is the maximal normal subgroup of G of order coprime to p, the -core
Op is the maximal normal p-subgroup of G, the p-core.
O,p(G) is the maximal normal p-nilpotent subgroup of G, the ,p-core, part of the upper p-series.
For an odd prime p, a group G with Op(G) ≠ 1 is said to be p-stable if whenever P is a p-subgroup of G such that PO(G) is normal in G, and [P,x,x] = 1, then the image of x in NG(P)/CG(P) is contained in a normal p-subgroup of NG(P)/CG(P).
For an odd prime p, a group G with Op(G) ≠ 1 is said to be p-constrained if the centralizer CG(P) is contained in O,p(G) whenever P is a Sylow p-subgroup of O,p(G).
References
Theorems about finite groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20crisis | In fluid dynamics, drag crisis (also known as the Eiffel paradox) is a phenomenon in which drag coefficient drops off suddenly as Reynolds number increases. This has been well studied for round bodies like spheres and cylinders. The drag coefficient of a sphere will change rapidly from about 0.5 to 0.2 at a Reynolds number in the range of 300000. This corresponds to the point where the flow pattern changes, leaving a narrower turbulent wake. The behavior is highly dependent on small differences in the condition of the surface of the sphere.
History
The drag crisis was observed in 1905 by Nikolay Zhukovsky, who guessed that this paradox can be explained by the detachment of streamlines at different points of the sphere at different velocities.
Later the paradox was independently discovered in experiments by Gustave Eiffel and Charles Maurain.
Upon Eiffel's retirement, he built the first wind tunnel in a lab located at the base of the Eiffel Tower, to investigate wind loads on structures and early aircraft. In a series of tests he found that the force loading experienced an abrupt decline at a critical Reynolds number.
The paradox was explained from boundary-layer theory by German fluid dynamicist Ludwig Prandtl.
Explanation
The drag crisis is associated with a transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer flow adjacent to the object. For cylindrical structures, this transition is associated with a transition from well-organized vortex shedding to randomized shedd |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryle%20Moon | Sheryle Moon is an Australian businesswoman who is an advisor to PlaceChangers. Previous roles include: Chief Evangelist of Spinify, Chief Revenue Officer at eWAY, CEO Australian Institute of Project Management, Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Information Industry Association, Vice President of Computer Sciences Corporation, and a managing partner with Accenture.
Moon was named a Telstra Business Woman on the Year in 1999. She was named by Prime Minister John Howard as one of the 20 most influential women and a founding member of the Honoring Women Program on Australia Day in 2001. In 2006, she was inducted to the Australian National University Hall of Fame for her contributions to the ICT and business sectors.
References
Australian chief executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kier%20Group | Kier Group plc is a British construction, services and property group active in building and civil engineering, support services, and the Private Finance Initiative.
Founded in 1928 in Stoke-on-Trent it initially specialised in concrete engineering before expanding into general contracting and house-building. Kier was listed as a public company on the London Stock Exchange from 1963 until it was acquired by Beazer in 1986. After a period under the ownership of Hanson plc, it was bought out by its management in 1992, expanded its housing interests, and was relisted on the London Stock Exchange in 1996.
During the early 21st century, it expanded through acquisitions, and, following the January 2018 collapse of rival Carillion, Kier was briefly ranked, by turnover, as the second biggest UK construction contractor, behind Balfour Beatty. It was then a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. However, its share price plunged following a failed rights issue in late 2018, and by mid 2019 was suffering such deep losses that analysts considered Kier might "go bust". After an extensive restructuring, debt reduction, cost-cutting and disposals programme, which included shedding 1,700 employees and selling its Bedfordshire headquarters and its public and private housebuilding arm, Kier Living, the company scraped back into profit in 2021.
History
Foundation
The company was founded by Jorgen Lotz and Olaf Kier, Danish engineers, under the name Lotz & Kier in 1928, and it was based in Stoke- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterility%20assurance%20level | In microbiology, sterility assurance level (SAL) is the probability that a single unit that has been subjected to sterilization nevertheless remains nonsterile.
It is never possible to prove that all organisms have been destroyed, as the likelihood of survival of an individual microorganism is never zero. So SAL is used to express the probability of the survival. For example, medical device manufacturers design their sterilization processes for an extremely low SAL, such as 10−6, which is a 1 in 1,000,000 chance of a non-sterile unit. SAL also describes the killing efficacy of a sterilization process. A very effective sterilization process has a very low SAL.
Terminology
Mathematically, SALs are probabilities, often very small but (by definition) always lying between zero and one. So when they are expressed in scientific notation their exponents are negative, as for instance, "The SAL of this process is 10−6". But the term SAL is sometimes also used to refer to a sterilization's efficacy. This usage (technically the multiplicative inverse) results in positive exponents, as in "The SAL of this process is 106". To avoid ambiguity from these inverse usages, some authors use the term log reduction (e.g., "This process gives a six-log reduction").
SALs can also be used to describe the microbial population that was destroyed by the sterilization process, though this is not the same as the probabilistic definition. What is often called a "log reduction" (technically a reduction |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OmniPop | OmniPop is a program used to class populations by autosomal DNA results. It is a Microsoft Excel file and requires Excel to run. The program is recognized and used by NIST for the purpose of clustering autosomal markers and is also suggested by commercial genealogical genetics companies to their customers for use in understanding their results.
References
External links
Download OmniPop version 200.1
NIST page linking to current version of OmniPop
Download OmniPop version 150.5
Download page for other .xls DNA programs - Several Y-chromosomal STR age predictor programs
Population genetics
Genetic genealogy
Spreadsheet software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu%20Science%20High%20School | Daegu Science High School is a gifted school located in Daegu, South Korea. The school opened on October 26, 1987. As of 2020, it has 281 students. The school is for gifted students with talents in mathematics and sciences. The graduates of the school usually go to science or engineering schools in KAIST, Postech, Seoul National University, UNIST, and other prestigious universities in Korea and in the world.
History
October 26, 1987 – official permission of school foundation (2 classrooms, 60 students)
March 1, 1988 – the inauguration of YoungKyun Son, as the first principal
March 3, 1988 – the first entrance ceremony
February 12, 1990 – moved to a newly built school
January 28, 1991 – the first graduation ceremony (52 students)
May 30, 1992 – altering school regulations (4 classrooms per grade, 12 classrooms in total)
September 1, 2006 – the inauguration of Chunhyun Cho, as the eighth principal
December 18, 2008 – transferred to a science gifted school
February 10, 2011 – the 21st graduation ceremony (1742 early graduates in total)
March 1, 2011 – the inauguration of Soodohn Choi, as the tenth principal
March 1, 2019 – the inauguration of Changwon Seok, as the twelfth principal
References
External links
Science high schools in South Korea
High schools in South Korea
Educational institutions established in 1987
1987 establishments in South Korea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P300 | P300 may mean:
P300 (neuroscience), a neural evoked potential component of the electroencephalogram (EEG)
p300 (or EP300), a transcriptional coactivator
Nikon P300, a mid-class compact digital camera, produced by Nikon in 2011 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20City%20College%20of%20New%20York%20alumni |
Notable alumni
Nobel laureates
Julius Axelrod 1933 – Nobel laureate in Medicine, 1970
Kenneth Arrow 1940 – Nobel laureate in Economics, 1972
Herbert Hauptman 1937 – Nobel laureate in Chemistry, 1985
Robert Hofstadter 1935 – Nobel laureate in Physics, 1961
Jerome Karle 1937 – Nobel laureate in Chemistry, 1985
Arthur Kornberg 1937 – Nobel laureate in Medicine, 1959
Leon M. Lederman 1943 – Nobel laureate in Physics, 1988
Arno Penzias 1954 – Nobel laureate in Physics, 1978
Robert J. Aumann 1950 – Nobel laureate in Economics, 2005
John O'Keefe, 1963 – Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 2014
Rhodes Scholars
James T. Molloy 1939
Chancellors
Matthew Goldstein – former chancellor of the City University of New York (1999-2013).
Politics, government and sociology
Herman Badillo 1951 – former Congressman and Chairman of CUNY's Board of Trustees, an architect of the University's academic rebirth
Bernard M. Baruch 1889 – Wall Street financier; adviser to American Presidents for 40 years, from Woodrow Wilson to John F. Kennedy
Abraham D. Beame 1928 – mayor of New York City, 1974 to 1977
Daniel Bell – sociologist, professor at Harvard University
Stephen Bronner – political theorist, Marxist, professor at Rutgers University
Upendra J. Chivukula – first Asian American elected to the New Jersey General Assembly
Henry Cohen 1943 – Director of Föhrenwald DP Camp; founding dean of the Milano School for Management and Urban Policy at The New School
Suzanne DiMaggio - long-time analys |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophysics | Thermophysics is the application of thermodynamics to geophysics and to planetary science more broadly. It may also be used to refer to the field of thermodynamic and transport properties.
Remote sensing
Earth thermophysics is a branch of geophysics that uses the naturally occurring surface temperature as a function of the cyclical variation in solar radiation to characterise planetary material properties.
Thermophysical properties are characteristics that control the diurnal, seasonal, or climatic surface and subsurface temperature variations (or thermal curves) of a material. The most important thermophysical property is thermal inertia, which controls the amplitude of the thermal curve and albedo (or reflectivity), which controls the average temperature.
This field of observations and computer modeling was first applied to Mars due to the ideal atmospheric pressure for characterising granular materials based upon temperature. The Mariner 6, Mariner 7, and Mariner 9 spacecraft carried thermal infrared radiometers, and a global map of thermal inertia was produced from modeled surface temperatures collected by the Infrared Thermal Mapper Instruments (IRTM) on board the Viking 1 and 2 Orbiters.
The original thermophysical models were based upon the studies of lunar temperature variations. Further development of the models for Mars included surface-atmosphere energy transfer, atmospheric back-radiation, surface emissivity variations, CO2 frost and blocky surfaces, variabil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20F.%20Bell%20III | James F. Bell III (born July 23, 1965) is a professor of Astronomy at Arizona State University, specializing in the study of planetary geology, geochemistry and mineralogy using data obtained from telescopes and from various spacecraft missions. Bell's active research has involved the NASA Mars Pathfinder, Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR), Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR), 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Mars Science Laboratory missions. His book Postcards from Mars includes many images taken by the Mars rovers. Bell is currently an editor of the space science journal Icarus and president of The Planetary Society. He has served as the lead scientist in charge of the Panoramic camera (Pancam) color imaging system on Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity.
Education
Bell earned his B.S. degree in Planetary Science and Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology in 1987. He earned his M.S. degree in Geology and Geophysics in 1989 and his Ph.D. in Planetary Geosciences in 1992 from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Career
Bell is an active planetary scientist and has been involved in many NASA robotic space exploration missions. As a professional scientist, he has published over 30 first-authored and 140 co-authored scientific research papers and over 400 short abstracts and conference presentations. Bell has also written and edited several books about Mars and the Moon. He is active in educating the public about |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20emulsion | A nuclear emulsion plate is a type of particle detector first used in nuclear and particle physics experiments in the early decades of the 20th century. It is a modified form of photographic plate that can be used to record and investigate fast charged particles like alpha-particles, nucleons, leptons or mesons. After exposing and developing the emulsion, single particle tracks can be observed and measured using a microscope.
Description
The nuclear emulsion plate is a modified form of photographic plate, coated with a thicker photographic emulsion of gelatine containing a higher concentration of very fine silver halide grains; the exact composition of the emulsion being optimised for particle detection.
It has the advantage of extremely high spatial precision, limited only by the size of the silver halide grains (a few microns), a precision that surpasses even the best of modern particle detectors (observe the scale in the image below, of K-meson decay). A stack of emulsion plates can record and preserve the interactions of particles so that their trajectories are recorded in 3-dimensional space as a trail of silver-halide grains, which can be viewed from any aspect on a microscopic scale. In addition, the emulsion plate is an integrating device that can be exposed or irradiated until the desired amount of data has been accumulated. It is compact, with no associated read-out cables or electronics, allowing the plates to be installed in very confined spaces and, compar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Lauck%20Parson | Alfred Lauck Parson (24 October 1889 – 1 January 1970) was a British chemist and physicist, whose "magneton theory" of the atom contributed to the history of chemistry.
Biography
Born in Lucknow, India to Rev. Joseph and Sarah Jane (Lauck) Parson, Alfred received his BS in chemistry from Oxford University. Between 1913 and 1915 he was a visiting graduate student at Harvard and the University of California, Berkeley, where coincidentally Gilbert N. Lewis was working as the chair of the department of chemistry. During these years, Lewis read a paper by Parson, which argued that the electron, in the Bohr model, might be a ring of negative electricity spinning with a high velocity about its axis and that a chemical bond results from two electrons being shared between two atoms. Parson published the final draft of his theory in 1915. Stimulated by this paper, Lewis published his famous 1916 article "The Atom and the Molecule", in which a chemical bond forms owing to the sharing of pairs of electrons. Several other physicists of the time, including Arthur H. Compton, Clinton Davisson, Lars O. Grondahl, David L. Webster, and H. Stanley Allen, developed Parson's ideas further using a toroidal ring model for the atom.
Parson himself returned to England, where he served in World War I. Suffering from severe shell shock, he did not pursue an academic career, but years later published papers and books on astronomy and related topics. He died 1970 in Allonby, England.
Scientific |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa%20A.%20Jones | Theresa A. Jones is a researcher and professor at the University of Texas at Austin and the Institute for Neuroscience. Her interests are in neural plasticity across the lifespan, motor skill learning, mechanisms of brain and behavioral adaptation to brain damage, and glial-neuronal interactions. Her research is on the brain changes following stroke, in particular rehabilitation strategies and the brain changes associated with them. She primarily tests rats and uses the Endothelin-1 stroke model. Her most recent work has expanded into the field of microstimulation mapping of the rat cortex.
Early life and education
Theresa Jones was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas on November 1, 1964. Throughout her childhood, her family moved around to Little Rock, Arkansas, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, and St. Louis Missouri. She went to school as an undergraduate student at the University of Missouri. She began studying towards a major in general humanities, but she quickly found interest in the biological aspect of psychology. After leaving the University of Missouri in 1986, she went on to finish her Bachelor's degree in Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin in 1987. Theresa Jones enrolled in a graduate Biopsychology program at the University of Texas at Austin under the mentorship of Timothy Schallert. She received her doctoral degree in 1992 for her research on neural plasticity mechanisms of recovery after brain injury. Wanting to continue her studies in brain plasticity, sh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Topos | Los Topos was a subversive, community theater group in California during the 1970s. They named themselves after the Spanish word for "mole" (topo), referring to their undergroup activities.
History
One member of this group even adopted Topo as his stage name. He later specialised in 'robotics' miming mechanical robots. Together with Jimini Hignett he formed his own fringe company 'Christians from Outer Space' performing satirical theatre together, and on July 29, 1981 (the same day as Prince Charles and Lady Diana) they were married - he dressed as Diana, Jimini as Charles. At the wedding - dubbed ‘The Royal Drag’ by the Soho News - all guests are also cross-dressed (the Queen Mum sporting an enormous hairy back and a hat made from pizza boxes). The preacher at first refuses to conduct the ceremony, thinking they were both men. The event is shown on the Channel 7 TV-news.
References
Theatre companies in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazel%20Ward%20Redman | Hazel Ward Redman (née Wilson) was a Trinidad and Tobago television personality.
She hosted Teen Dance Party and 12 & Under. She was also known for hosting biology and art-themed programming, with one of her best-known interviews of Aldwyn Roberts, the Mighty Kitchener at his Rain-o-Rama home.
She was the first weather presenter on Trinidad and Tobago Television in 1962. Before that she was at Radio Trinidad, under the rediffusion service known as the 'b station'.
Ward died of cancer on October 27, 2014 at her home in San Fernando, Trinidad & Tobago. She was 79.
References
Year of birth missing
2014 deaths
Trinidad and Tobago television personalities
1930s births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra%C5%88kov%C3%A1%E2%80%93Helly%20selection%20theorem | In mathematics, the Fraňková–Helly selection theorem is a generalisation of Helly's selection theorem for functions of bounded variation to the case of regulated functions. It was proved in 1991 by the Czech mathematician Dana Fraňková.
Background
Let X be a separable Hilbert space, and let BV([0, T]; X) denote the normed vector space of all functions f : [0, T] → X with finite total variation over the interval [0, T], equipped with the total variation norm. It is well known that BV([0, T]; X) satisfies the compactness theorem known as Helly's selection theorem: given any sequence of functions (fn)n∈N in BV([0, T]; X) that is uniformly bounded in the total variation norm, there exists a subsequence
and a limit function f ∈ BV([0, T]; X) such that fn(k)(t) converges weakly in X to f(t) for every t ∈ [0, T]. That is, for every continuous linear functional λ ∈ X*,
Consider now the Banach space Reg([0, T]; X) of all regulated functions f : [0, T] → X, equipped with the supremum norm. Helly's theorem does not hold for the space Reg([0, T]; X): a counterexample is given by the sequence
One may ask, however, if a weaker selection theorem is true, and the Fraňková–Helly selection theorem is such a result.
Statement of the Fraňková–Helly selection theorem
As before, let X be a separable Hilbert space and let Reg([0, T]; X) denote the space of regulated functions f : [0, T] → X, equipped with the supremum norm. Let (fn)n∈N be a sequence in Reg([0, T]; X) satisfying the following |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6rundur%20Svavarsson | Jörundur Svavarsson is a professor in marine biology at the University of Iceland. His fields of research are marine invertebrates, marine biodiversity and ecotoxicology.
According to Web of Science Prof. Svavarsson has published 49 papers in peer-reviewed journals, with 13 or them being cited more than 11 times. He is currently the head of the department of Biology at University of Iceland.
Svavarsson has spearheaded several cultural and historic projects, including an exhibition on the explorations of Jean-Baptiste Charcot. In 2012, the French Government awarded Svavarsson the Chevalier des Palmes Académiques for this exhibition. He has studied the interaction between pilot whales and orcas.
The most widely referred to are:
Stephensen E, Svavarsson J, Sturve J, et al. "Biochemical indicators of pollution exposure in shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), caught in four harbours on the southwest coast of Iceland" Aquatic Toxicology 48 (4): 431-442 Apr 2000 Times Cited: 39
Fricke, H, Giere O, Steter K, Alfredsson, GA., Kristjansson JK, Stoffers P, and Svavarsson S "Hydrothermal vent communities at the shallow subpolar mid-atlantic Ridge." Marine Biology 102 (3): 425-429 1989 Times cited: 37
Svavarsson S, Brattegard T, Stromberg JO. "Distribution and diversity patterns of asellote isopods (Crustacea) in the deep Norwegian and Greenland seas." Progress in Oceanography 24 (1-4): 297-310 1990. Times cited: 33
Svavarsson S, Gudmundsson G, Brattegard T,"Feeding by asse |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulated%20function | In mathematics, a regulated function, or ruled function, is a certain kind of well-behaved function of a single real variable. Regulated functions arise as a class of integrable functions, and have several equivalent characterisations. Regulated functions were introduced by Nicolas Bourbaki in 1949, in their book "Livre IV: Fonctions d'une variable réelle".
Definition
Let X be a Banach space with norm || - ||X. A function f : [0, T] → X is said to be a regulated function if one (and hence both) of the following two equivalent conditions holds true:
for every t in the interval [0, T], both the left and right limits f(t−) and f(t+) exist in X (apart from, obviously, f(0−) and f(T+));
there exists a sequence of step functions φn : [0, T] → X converging uniformly to f (i.e. with respect to the supremum norm || - ||∞).
It requires a little work to show that these two conditions are equivalent. However, it is relatively easy to see that the second condition may be re-stated in the following equivalent ways:
for every δ > 0, there is some step function φδ : [0, T] → X such that
f lies in the closure of the space Step([0, T]; X) of all step functions from [0, T] into X (taking closure with respect to the supremum norm in the space B([0, T]; X) of all bounded functions from [0, T] into X).
Properties of regulated functions
Let Reg([0, T]; X) denote the set of all regulated functions f : [0, T] → X.
Sums and scalar multiples of regulated functions are again regulated fun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent%20geometric%20series | In mathematics, an infinite geometric series of the form
is divergent if and only if | r | ≥ 1. Methods for summation of divergent series are sometimes useful, and usually evaluate divergent geometric series to a sum that agrees with the formula for the convergent case
This is true of any summation method that possesses the properties of regularity, linearity, and stability.
Examples
In increasing order of difficulty to sum:
1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + · · ·, whose common ratio is −1
1 − 2 + 4 − 8 + · · ·, whose common ratio is −2
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + · · ·, whose common ratio is 2
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + · · ·, whose common ratio is 1.
Motivation for study
It is useful to figure out which summation methods produce the geometric series formula for which common ratios. One application for this information is the so-called Borel-Okada principle: If a regular summation method sums Σzn to 1/(1 - z) for all z in a subset S of the complex plane, given certain restrictions on S, then the method also gives the analytic continuation of any other function on the intersection of S with the Mittag-Leffler star for f.
Summability by region
Open unit disk
Ordinary summation succeeds only for common ratios |z| < 1.
Closed unit disk
Cesàro summation
Abel summation
Larger disks
Euler summation
Half-plane
The series is Borel summable for every z with real part < 1. Any such series is also summable by the generalized Euler method (E, a) for appropriate a.
Shadowed plane
Certain moment constant methods beside |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STFC%20%28disambiguation%29 | STFC can stand for:
Science and Technology Facilities Council, a UK research council created by the merger of the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCLRC) and the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) on 1 April 2007
Star Trek: First Contact, a 1996 film
STFC also stands for the names of many football clubs, most notably the professional clubs
Swindon Town F.C.
Shrewsbury Town F.C.
It may also refer to one of the following other clubs:
In England:
Sandhurst Town F.C.
Sandiacre Town F.C.
Sawbridgeworth Town F.C.
Seaford Town F.C.
Selby Town F.C.
Sevenoaks Town F.C.
Shefford Town F.C.
Sherborne Town F.C.
Shifnal Town F.C.
Shirebrook Town F.C.
Sleaford Town F.C.
Slough Town F.C.
Somersham Town F.C.
Spennymoor Town F.C.
Stafford Town F.C.
Staines Town F.C.
Steyning Town F.C.
Stockport Town F.C.
Stonehouse Town F.C.
Stowmarket Town F.C.
Stratford Town F.C.
Swaffham Town F.C.
In Scotland:
Scone Thistle F.C.
Steins Thistle F.C.
Strathspey Thistle F.C.
See also
ST (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20summation | In the mathematics of convergent and divergent series, Euler summation is a summation method. That is, it is a method for assigning a value to a series, different from the conventional method of taking limits of partial sums. Given a series Σan, if its Euler transform converges to a sum, then that sum is called the Euler sum of the original series. As well as being used to define values for divergent series, Euler summation can be used to speed the convergence of series.
Euler summation can be generalized into a family of methods denoted (E, q), where q ≥ 0. The (E, 1) sum is the ordinary Euler sum. All of these methods are strictly weaker than Borel summation; for q > 0 they are incomparable with Abel summation.
Definition
For some value y we may define the Euler sum (if it converges for that value of y) corresponding to a particular formal summation as:
If all the formal sums actually converge, the Euler sum will equal the left hand side. However, using Euler summation can accelerate the convergence (this is especially useful for alternating series); sometimes it can also give a useful meaning to divergent sums.
To justify the approach notice that for interchanged sum, Euler's summation reduces to the initial series, because
This method itself cannot be improved by iterated application, as
Examples
Using y = 1 for the formal sum we get if Pk is a polynomial of degree k. Note that the inner sum would be zero for , so in this case Euler summation reduces an infinite |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garland%20Science | Garland Science was a publishing group that specialized in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics. It was a subsidiary of the Taylor & Francis Group.
History
The firm was founded as "Garland Publishing" in 1969 by Gavin Borden (1939–1991). Initially it published "18th-century literary criticism". By the late 1970s it was mainly publishing academic reference books along with facsimile and reprint editions for niche markets.
Notable book series published by Garland Publishing included the Garland Reference Library of the Humanities (1975–), the Garland Reference Library of Social Science (1983–), and Garland Medieval Bibliographies (1989–). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music (10 volumes), originally published by Garland Publishing, is now published by Routledge, another imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.
In 1984 the firm published a new edition of James Joyce's Ulysses, under the title of Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition. Edited by Hans Walter Gabler, it was intended to correct "almost 5,000 omissions, transpositions and other errors in the original text" as published in 1922.
In 1983 the firm began publishing scientific textbooks. In 1997 the firm was acquired by Taylor & Francis and published under the name of "Garland Science Publishing" or "Garland Science".
One Garland Science success was the textbook Molecular Biology of the Cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins%40home | proteins@home was a volunteer computing project that used the BOINC architecture. The project was run by the Department of Biology at . The project began on December 28, 2006 and ended in June 2008.
Purpose
proteins@home was a large-scale non-profit protein structure prediction project utilizing volunteer computing to perform intensive computations in a small amount of time. From their website:
The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure, or 'fold'. Conversely, the three-dimensional structure is compatible with a large, but limited set of amino acid sequences. Enumerating the allowed sequences for a given fold is known as the 'inverse protein folding problem'. We are working to solve this problem for a large number of known protein folds (a representative subset: about 1500 folds). The most expensive step is to build a database of energy functions that describe all these structures. For each structure, we consider all possible sequences of amino acids. Surprisingly, this is computationally tractable, because our energy functions are sums over pairs of interactions. Once this is done, we can explore the space of amino acid sequences in a fast and efficient way, and retain the most favorable sequences. This large-scale mapping of protein sequence space will have applications for predicting protein structure and function, for understanding protein evolution, and for designing new proteins. By joining the project, you will help to build the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tien-Yien%20Li | Tien-Yien Li (李天岩) (June 28, 1945 – June 25, 2020) was a University Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and University Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Michigan State University. There, he spent 42 years and supervised 26 Ph.D. dissertations.
Early life and education
Li was born on June 28, 1945, in Sha County, Fujian Province, China. At age three, he was brought to Taiwan by his parents. He earned his B.S. in Mathematics at the National Tsinghua University in 1968. Li received his doctorate in 1974 from University of Maryland under the guidance of James Yorke.
Academic career
Li joined the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at Michigan State University in 1976 and was promoted to the rank of full professor in 1983. He retired as a University Distinguished Professor Emeritus in 2018 after spending 42 years at the university. Li and his supervisor James Yorke published a paper in 1975 entitled Period three implies chaos, in which the mathematical term chaos was coined. He also proved Ulam's conjecture in the field of computation of invariant measures of chaotic dynamical systems. Working with Kellogg and Yorke, Li's ideas and the use of numerical methods in computing Brouwer's fixed point, part of the field of modern Homotopy Continuation methods.
Awards and honors
Guggenheim Fellow, 1995
Distinguished Faculty Award, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, 1996.
Distinguished Faculty Award, Michigan State University, 1996.
J.S.Frame Teachi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Gottesman | Daniel Gottesman is a physicist, known for his work regarding quantum error correction, in particular the invention of the stabilizer formalism for quantum error-correcting codes, and the Gottesman–Knill theorem. He is a faculty member at the University of Maryland.
Gottesman completed a B.A. in physics at Harvard University (1992) and a Ph.D. in physics at Caltech (1997). He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2013). In 2003, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
See also
Clifford gates
Continuous-variable quantum information
References
External links
Gottesman's homepage at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario
1970 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Quantum information scientists
Harvard College alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20trap%20%28atoms%29 | In experimental physics, a magnetic trap is an apparatus which uses a magnetic field gradient to trap neutral particles with magnetic moments. Although such traps have been employed for many purposes in physics research, they are best known as the last stage in cooling atoms to achieve Bose–Einstein condensation. The magnetic trap (as a way of trapping very cold atoms) was first proposed by David E. Pritchard.
Operating principle
Many atoms have a magnetic moment; their energy shifts in a magnetic field according to the formula
.
According to the principles of quantum mechanics the magnetic moment of an atom will be quantized; that is, it will take on one of certain discrete values. If the atom is placed in a strong magnetic field, its magnetic moment will be aligned with the field. If a number of atoms are placed in the same field, they will be distributed over the various allowed values of magnetic quantum number for that atom.
If a magnetic field gradient is superimposed on the uniform field, those atoms whose magnetic moments are aligned with the field will have lower energies in a higher field. Like a ball rolling down a hill, these atoms will tend to occupy locations with higher fields and are known as "high-field-seeking" atoms. Conversely, those atoms with magnetic moments aligned opposite the field will have higher energies in a higher field, tend to occupy locations with lower fields, and are called "low-field-seeking" atoms.
It is impossible to produce a loc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefftz%20method | In mathematics, the Trefftz method is a method for the numerical solution of partial differential equations named after the German mathematician Erich Trefftz(de) (1888–1937). It falls within the class of finite element methods.
Introduction
The hybrid Trefftz finite-element method has been considerably advanced since its introduction about 30 years ago. The conventional method of finite element analysis involves converting the differential equation that governs the problem into a variational functional from which element nodal properties – known as field variables – can be found. This can be solved by substituting in approximate solutions to the differential equation and generating the finite element stiffness matrix which is combined with all the elements in the continuum to obtain the global stiffness matrix. Application of the relevant boundary conditions to this global matrix, and the subsequent solution of the field variables rounds off the mathematical process, following which numerical computations can be used to solve real life engineering problems.
An important aspect of solving the functional requires us to find solutions that satisfy the given boundary conditions and satisfy inter-element continuity since we define independently the properties over each element domain.
The hybrid Trefftz method differs from the conventional finite element method in the assumed displacement fields and the formulation of the variational functional. In contrast to the conventio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Samuel%20Weiss | Christian Samuel Weiss (26 February 1780 – 1 October 1856) was a German mineralogist born in Leipzig.
Following graduation, he worked as a physics instructor in Leipzig from 1803 until 1808. and in the meantime, conducted geological studies of mountain formations in Tyrol, Switzerland and France (1806–08). In 1810 he became a professor of mineralogy at the University of Berlin, where in 1818/19 and 1832/33, he served as university rector. He died near Eger in Bohemia.
Weiss is credited for creating parameters of modern crystallography, and was instrumental in making it a branch of mathematical science. He stressed the significance of direction in crystals, considering crystallographic axes to be a possible basis for classification of crystals. He is credited for introducing the categorization schema of crystal systems, and has a basic law of crystallography named after him called the "Weiss zone law".
Works by Weiss that have been translated into English
"On the methodical and natural distribution of the different systems of crystallisation" Edinburgh : Printed for A. Constable, 1823.
"On the crystallographic discoveries and systems of Mohs and Weiss" (with Friedrich Mohs); Edinburgh : Printed for A. Constable, 1823.
References
Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.
Historical atlas of crystallography by José Lima-de-Faria, Martin Julian Buerger
External links
University of Cambridge DoITPoMS Teaching an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-trip%20gain | Round-trip gain refers to the laser physics, and laser cavities (or laser resonators). It is gain, integrated along a ray, which makes a round-trip in the cavity.
At the continuous-wave operation, the round-trip gain exactly compensates both the output coupling of the cavity and its background loss.
Round-trip gain in geometric optics
Generally, the Round-trip gain may depend on the frequency, on the position and tilt of the ray, and even on the polarization of light. Usually, we may assume that at some moment of time, at reasonable frequency of operation, the gain is function of the Cartesian coordinates , , and . Then, assuming that the geometrical optics is applicable the round-trip gain can be expressed as follows:
,
where is path along the ray, parametrized with functions , , ; the integration is performed along the whole ray, which is supposed to form the closed loop.
In simple models, the flat-top distribution of pump and gain is assumed to be constant. In the case of simplest cavity, the round-trip gain , where is length of the cavity; the laser light is supposed to go forward and back, this leads to the coefficient 2 in the estimate.
In the steady-state continuous wave operation of a laser, the round-trip gain is determined by the reflectivity of the mirrors (in the case of stable cavity) and the magnification coefficient in the case of unstable resonator (unstable cavity).
Coupling parameter
The coupling parameter of a laser resonator determines, what pa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20Speleology | The International Journal of Speleology is since 1978 the official peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Union Internationale de Spéléologie. Since 1981 it has been published by the Società Speleologica Italiana.
The International Journal of Speleology is divided into four sections: Botany-Microbiology, Zoology, Geology-Geomorphology, and Abstract-News. The first issue was edited by G. Claus (US), subsequently two other editors were added: R. Husson (France) and G Nicholas (USA). The first two volumes were published by the J. Kramer Verlag (Germany), followed by Swets & Zeitlinger N.V. (The Netherlands).
In 1972 R. Husson became editor in chief and nine volumes were issued in the period 1964 to 1977 until the cost of printing requested a radical change. In 1978 the journal became the official journal of the Union Internationale de Spéléologie and it was published in Italy where the cost of printing was lower.
In 1981 V. Sbordoni (Italy) became editor in chief. In the meantime the Società Speleologica Italiana acquired the property of the journal which was printed with a contribution of the Italian Ministry for Culture and Environment, the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and the University of Trieste.
In the second half of the 1990s the Museo di Speleologia "V. Rivera" also contributed to the financial support of the journal. The issues of the journal were alternatively dedicated to biospeleology and physical speleology until 1998 when the journal was split into two |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connie%20Eaves | Connie Jean Eaves, CorrFRSE (née Constance Halperin; born May 22, 1944), is a Canadian biologist with significant contributions to cancer and stem cell research. Eaves is a professor generics of genetics at the University of British Columbia and is also the co-founder with Allen C Eaves of Terry Fox Laboratory (Vancouver, Canada).
Education and career
In high school, Eaves was interested in becoming a physician but later decided to pursue into research due to gender discrimination in medical school acceptance rates.
Eaves received a BA in Biology and Chemistry and in 1964 and 1966 an MSc in biology (Genetics) working on oncogenic viruses from Queen's University. She then pursued doctoral training at the Paterson Laboratories of the Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute and obtained a PhD from the University of Manchester in Great Britain in 1969.
She did postdoctoral work on hematopoiesis at the Ontario Cancer Institute in Toronto, Canada, as a member of the research team of James Till and Ernest McCulloch.
After completing her studies, moved to British Columbia because she was offered an academic position at the University of British Columbia.
Her contributions to the professional and scholarly community include acting as the editor-in-chief of the journal Experimental Hematology, in addition to serving as the president of the National Cancer Institute (Canada), the associate scientific director of the Canadian Stem Cell Network, and president of the Internation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20europ%C3%A9enne%20de%20chimie%2C%20polym%C3%A8res%20et%20mat%C3%A9riaux | The École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux (ECPM; European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science) of Strasbourg is a public engineering school in the city of Strasbourg, in Alsace, France. It was founded in 1948, and is located on the Cronenbourg Campus of the University of Strasbourg. Each year 90 students graduate from the school with a diplôme d'ingénieur. It is a National School of Engineers, part of the University of Strasbourg and a member of the Fédération Gay-Lussac, which recruits from the common polytechnic entrance examination. It is also part of the Alsace Tech network of nine engineering schools in Alsace. The ECPM offers its students three specialties: chemistry (analytical or organic), polymers or materials.
History
1919 -
Creation of the chemical institute by the professors T.Muller and H.Gault. Lectures are taught rue Goethe in Strasbourg.
1948 -
Creation at the same place of the Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie (ENSCS) by the professor H. Forestier.
1962 -
The Ecole de chimie has place in new premises (tour de la Chimie) on the campus central de l'Esplanade. The first practical sessions from the ENSCS in analytical chemistry begin at the start of the school year 1962.
1968 -
The ENSCS becomes a public organization.
1981 -
The professor M. Daire introduces the European teaching program.
1986 -
The ENSCS becomes Ecole Européenne des hautes études des industries chimiques de Strasbourg (EHICS)
1995 -
The EHICS, the Ecole |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibor%20%C5%A0al%C3%A1t | Tibor Šalát ( – ) was a Slovak mathematician, professor of mathematics, and Doctor of Mathematics who specialized in number theory and real analysis. He was the author and co-author of undergraduate and graduate textbooks in mathematics, mostly in Slovak. And most of his scholarly papers have been published in various scientific journals.
Life
Originally from Žitava by the southern region of Slovakia, he studied at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Charles University in Prague, where in 1952 he defended a dissertation entitled Príspevok k teorii súčtov a nekonečných radov s reálnými členami and supervised by and Vojtěch Jarník.
In 1952 he went to work at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Comenius University in Bratislava, where he became an assistant professor in 1962. He was appointed to a full professorship position in 1972. And in 1974, he earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the same institution.
He specialized in Cantor's expansions, uniform distribution, statistical convergence, summation methods and theory of numbers.
He wrote several undergraduate and graduate textbooks.
Academic papers
References
P. Kostyrko, O. Strauch: Professor Tibor Šalát (1926-2005), Tatra Mt. Math. Publ. 31 (2005), 1-16
Slovak mathematicians
Number theorists
Charles University alumni
Academic staff of Comenius University
1926 births
2005 deaths
Czechoslovak mathematicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology | Applied and Environmental Microbiology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. It was established in 1953 as Applied Microbiology and obtained its current name in 1975. Articles older than six months are available free of cost from the website, however, the newly published articles within six months are available to subscribers only. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 4.4. The journal has been ranked as one of the top 100 journals over the past 100 years in the fields of biology and medicine. The editor-in-chief is Gemma Reguera (Michigan State University).
References
External links
Delayed open access journals
Semi-monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1953
Applied microbiology journals
American Society for Microbiology academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bradshaw%20Gass | John Bradshaw Gass (18 June 1855, Annan – 3 July 1939) was a Scottish architect and artist.
Hs was a nephew of J. J. Bradshaw, the founder of Bradshaw Gass & Hope, and received the Ashbury Prize for Civil Engineering at Owens College, later Manchester University. Gass assisted Sir Ernest George's London practice before becoming a pupil of his uncle at Bolton in 1880.
In 1882, when Gass became a partner, the firm adopted the style Bradshaw & Gass.
Like Sir Edwin Lutyens, another traditionalist and pupil of Ernest George, Gass designed country houses in period and vernacular styles.
From 1917 to 1925, Gass designed the Methodist College at Medak in Andhra Pradesh, which, like Lutyens’ New Delhi work is organised, in the grand manner, around a central axis.
Gass was known as watercolour artist, first exhibiting his work at the Royal Academy in 1879. In later life he frequently travelled and filled more than twenty albums with sketches of North Africa and Asia.
References
</ref>
A. Stuart Gray, (1985) Edwardian Architecture, A Biographical Dictionary, .
Austen Redman (2007), Bolton Civic Centre and the Classical Revival Style of Bradshaw Gass & Hope in Clare Hartwell & Terry Wyke (editors), Making Manchester, Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society,
1855 births
1939 deaths
Architects from Greater Manchester
People from Bolton |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20John%20Hope | Arthur John Hope, known as “AJ” (1875–1960) was an architect and president of the Manchester Society of Architects (1924).
Hope was born on 2 October 1875 Atherton in the historic county of Lancashire. He attended Wigan Grammar School and studied civil engineering at the Bolton School of Science and Art. Hope entered the office of Bradshaw & Gass as a pupil in 1892 and was made a partner ten years later creating Bradshaw, Gass & Hope (after 1912 Bradshaw Gass & Hope). Hope was admitted to the Royal Institute of British Architects as a licentiate in July 1911 after being proposed by his partner John Bradshaw Gass and Paul Ogden.
Hope was respected as a building planner but was a poor draftsman and required a large number of assistants to interpret his ideas. By the 1930s, he was an intimidating figure dominating an office in which there was a strict hierarchy of professions. One of his interpreters was George Grenfell Baines whose work so impressed Hope he considered making him a partner. Hope was a traditionalist, favouring a severe classical style derived from the later Georgian architects, with a strong dislike of Modernism; under his direction Bradshaw Gass & Hope continued to produce neo-Georgian designs until the 1960s.
See also
Bradshaw Gass & Hope
References
Architects from Lancashire
British neoclassical architects
1875 births
1960 deaths
People from Atherton, Greater Manchester
20th-century English architects |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder%20form | In mathematics, more precisely in differential geometry, a soldering (or sometimes solder form) of a fiber bundle to a smooth manifold is a manner of attaching the fibers to the manifold in such a way that they can be regarded as tangent. Intuitively, soldering expresses in abstract terms the idea that a manifold may have a point of contact with a certain model Klein geometry at each point. In extrinsic differential geometry, the soldering is simply expressed by the tangency of the model space to the manifold. In intrinsic geometry, other techniques are needed to express it. Soldering was introduced in this general form by Charles Ehresmann in 1950.
Soldering of a fibre bundle
Let M be a smooth manifold, and G a Lie group, and let E be a smooth fibre bundle over M with structure group G. Suppose that G acts transitively on the typical fibre F of E, and that dim F = dim M. A soldering of E to M consists of the following data:
A distinguished section o : M → E.
A linear isomorphism of vector bundles θ : TM → o*VE from the tangent bundle of M to the pullback of the vertical bundle of E along the distinguished section.
In particular, this latter condition can be interpreted as saying that θ determines a linear isomorphism
from the tangent space of M at x to the (vertical) tangent space of the fibre at the point determined by the distinguished section. The form θ is called the solder form for the soldering.
Special cases
By convention, whenever the choice of soldering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20and%20Vaccine%20Immunology | Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (CVI) was a peer-reviewed journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. CVI enhances our understanding of the immune response in health and disease by showcasing important clinically relevant research, including new animal models for human immunologic diseases, viral immunology, immunopathogenesis, and clinical laboratory immunology. In particular, the journal highlights important discoveries in immunization and vaccine research, such as the development and evaluation of vaccines, human and animal immune responses to vaccines, vaccine vectors, adjuvants and immunomodulators, quantitative assays of vaccine efficacy, and clinical trials. The journal publishes primary research articles, editorials, commentaries, minireviews, and case reports. Articles are freely accessible after six months (delayed open access). Through its "Global Outreach Program", free online access is available to qualified microbiologists in eligible developing countries.
History
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (CVI) was originally launched in 1994 as Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. Dr. Steven D. Douglas was the Founding Editor and served as Editor in Chief until 2004. The focus and intent of the journal was to serve the new ASM Division V, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology. Douglas was succeeded by Dr. Susan F. Plaeger, CVI Editor in Chief until 2013. Under Plaeger's leadership, and in response to ASM members' feedback, the journal expanded it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20Microbiology%20Reviews | Clinical Microbiology Reviews is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the areas of clinical microbiology, immunology, medical microbiology, infectious diseases, veterinary microbiology, and microbial pathogenesis. It is a delayed open access journal, full content is accessible via PubMed Central and the journal's website after a 12-month embargo. In April 2015, the journal transitioned to a continuous online publication model (whereby articles are published as they become ready, before the issue in which they will appear has been finalized). The journal became online-only in January 2018. The final print issue was published in October 2017. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 50.129. The journal was established in January 1988. The founding editor was Josephine A. Morello (University of Chicago Medical Center). Editorial board structure changed in 1992 and Morello became editor-in-chief. Betty Ann Forbes (State University of New York) was appointed editor-in-chief in 1997. Irving Nachamkin (University of Pennsylvania) was appointed editor-in-chief in 2002 until 2012. Jo-Anne H. Young (University of Minnesota) served as editor-in-chief from 2012 to 2022. The current editor-in-chief is Graeme Forrest (Rush University). It is the ninth journal established and published by the American Society for Microbiology.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the jour |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic%20Cell%20%28journal%29 | Eukaryotic Cell was an academic journal published by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). The journal published findings from basic research studies of simple eukaryotic microorganisms. In January 2016, EC was merged into the cross-disciplinary ASM journal mSphere. It is indexed/abstracted in: Agricola, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Current Contents Life Sciences Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Summon, and more.
External links
Eukaryotic Cell
Biology journals
Delayed open access journals
American Society for Microbiology academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection%20and%20Immunity | Infection and Immunity is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. It focuses on interactions between bacterial, fungal, or parasitic pathogens and their hosts. Areas covered include molecular pathogenesis, cellular microbiology, bacterial infection, host responses and inflammation, fungal and parasitic infections, microbial immunity and vaccines, and molecular genomics. The journal publishes primary research articles, editorials, commentaries, minireviews, and a spotlight report highlighting articles of particular interest selected by the editors. Articles are freely accessible after 6 months (delayed open access). Through its "Global Outreach Program," free online access is available to qualified microbiologists in eligible developing countries.
History
The journal was established in 1970. Prior to that time, original research articles covering topics in infection and immunity were published in a section of the Journal of Bacteriology. As the size of this section grew, the need for a separate journal publishing peer-reviewed research in this area became apparent. The first editor-in-chief was Erwin Neter (SUNY Buffalo).
Editors-in-chief
The following persons have been editor-in-chief of Infection and Immunity:
1970-1979: Erwin Neter
1980-1989: Joseph W. Shands, Jr.
1990-1999: Vincent A. Fischetti
2000-2007: Alison D. O'Brien
2007–2017: Ferric C. Fang
2017–present: Andreas J. Bäumler
Abstracting and indexing
The journal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Microbiology | The Journal of Clinical Microbiology is a monthly medical journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. The journal was established in 1975. The editor-in-chief is Alexander J. McAdam (Boston Children's Hospital). It is a delayed open access journal. Full text content is available free after a six-month embargo.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 9.4
See also
Clinical medicine
Clinical research
Medical microbiology
References
External links
American Society for Microbiology
Delayed open access journals
Microbiology journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1975
Applied microbiology journals
American Society for Microbiology academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Tylee | André Tylee (born 1955) holds the Emeritus Chair of Primary Care Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London. He used to oversee the primary care research program for the Institute and for the Maudsley Hospital in London, before retirement from the post of Academic Director for Mood and Personality Disorders at Kings Health Partners. He was a general practitioner from 1980-2001 in Sutton, Surrey, his main research interest was the recognition and management of clinical depression and anxiety in primary care, particularly in those with coronary heart disease, running a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funded research programme named UPBEAT.
Tylee held a national mental health leadership fellowship for the RCGP, Mental Health Foundation and Department of Health in the early 1990s and helped represent the RCGP on the Defeat Depression Campaign with the Royal College of Psychiatrists who led the 5 year national campaign to educate the public and professionals about depression. At the same time he co-founded "Trailblazers," a nationwide training and leadership program in which general practitioners, nurses, and other primary care workers join a partner from a specialist mental health team to work on a project to improve their local mental health services. The program had over 600 graduates in England and was extended to the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand., funded by IIMHL and led by Dr Anand Chitnis.
No |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology%20and%20Molecular%20Biology%20Reviews | Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (published as MMBR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology.
History
The journal was established in 1937 as Bacteriological Reviews () and changed its name in 1978 to Microbiological Reviews (). It obtained its current title in 1997.
References
External links
Delayed open access journals
Microbiology journals
Academic journals established in 1937
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
American Society for Microbiology academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin%20M.%20Brodo | Irwin M. Brodo (born 1935) is an emeritus scientist at the Canadian Museum of Nature, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He is an authority on the identification and biology of lichens. Irwin Brodo was honored in 1994 with an Acharius Medal presented to him by the International Association for Lichenology.
Brodo did his undergraduate studies at Columbia University, and received a master's degree from Cornell University. He earned a Ph.D. in lichenology under the supervision of Henry Imshaug at Michigan State University. He later went on to teach at Université Laval and the University of Alaska, and he also supervised master's students at the University of Ottawa and Carleton University.
Brodo's list of publications includes 75 research papers, 8 popular articles, 22 reviews and 6 editorials and obituaries. In 1993, Brodie was awarded the Mary E. Elliot Service Award for his meritorious service to the Canadian Botanical Association — and in 2003, for lifetime achievement, the association's George Lawson Medal. One of Irwin Brodo's great achievements was the publication in 2001 of the 795 page book, "Lichens of North America" with high-quality photographs of lichens taken by Sylvia Sharnoff and Stephen Sharnoff. It won the 2002 National Outdoor Book Award (Nature Guidebook). In 2016, the trio, with additional collaborator Susan Laurie-Bourque, produced Keys to Lichens of North America: Revised and Expanded. In 2013, Brodo was presented with an honorary doctorate from Carleton Univer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-wandering-domain%20theorem | In mathematics, the no-wandering-domain theorem is a result on dynamical systems, proven by Dennis Sullivan in 1985.
The theorem states that a rational map f : Ĉ → Ĉ with deg(f) ≥ 2 does not have a wandering domain, where Ĉ denotes the Riemann sphere. More precisely, for every component U in the Fatou set of f, the sequence
will eventually become periodic. Here, f n denotes the n-fold iteration of f, that is,
The theorem does not hold for arbitrary maps; for example, the transcendental map has wandering domains. However, the result can be generalized to many situations where the functions naturally belong to a finite-dimensional parameter space, most notably to transcendental entire and meromorphic functions with a finite number of singular values.
References
Lennart Carleson and Theodore W. Gamelin, Complex Dynamics, Universitext: Tracts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993,
Dennis Sullivan, Quasiconformal homeomorphisms and dynamics. I. Solution of the Fatou-Julia problem on wandering domains, Annals of Mathematics 122 (1985), no. 3, 401–18.
S. Zakeri, Sullivan's proof of Fatou's no wandering domain conjecture
Ergodic theory
Limit sets
Theorems in dynamical systems
Complex dynamics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Cumference | Sir Cumference is a series of children's educational books about math by Cindy Neuschwander and Wayne Geehan.
The books have been studied for their use in mathematics education.
Characters
Most of the characters of the book are named after math terms, such as Sir Cumference (circumference).
Sir Cumference
Sir Cumference is a knight in the kingdom of Camelot. He has a wife called Lady Di of Ameter and a son named Radius.
Di of Ameter
Di of Ameter is the wife of Sir Cumference. In the first book, she came up with all the different shapes of the table (parallelogram, square, etc.) and in Sir Cumference and the Dragon of Pi, she stayed with Sir Cumference when he turned into a dragon.
Radius
Radius is the son of Di of Ameter and Sir Cumference. He has a friend named Vertex in Sir Cumference and the Sword in the Cone, and plays an important role in both Sir Cumference and the Dragon of Pi and The Sword in the Cone first by turning his father to a dragon and back, and later assisting Vertex in becoming King. He is the focus of Sir Cumference and the Great Knight of Angleland, in which he becomes a knight after rescuing King Lell and his pair of dragons.
Vertex
Vertex is the best friend of Radius. He appears on the first page of Sir Cumference and the Sword in the Cone. He is quoted saying, "I've found out why King Arthur called us all here!" Sir Cumference and Radius agree Vertex should be the heir to the throne.
Series
Currently, there are 11 books in the series:
Sir Cumfe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20S.%20Kedzie | Frank Stewart Kedzie (May 12, 1857 – January 5, 1935) was president of the U.S. state of Michigan's Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State University) from 1915 to 1921. Kedzie Hall, located on campus on the north side of the Red Cedar River was named in honor of his father, Robert C. Kedzie, who was a Professor of Chemistry at Michigan Agricultural College from 1863 to 1902.
External links
Biographical Information (Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections)
1857 births
1935 deaths
Presidents of Michigan State University |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporogenesis | Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology. The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores. Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle. Dormant spores are formed, for example by certain fungi and algae, primarily in response to unfavorable growing conditions. Most eukaryotic spores are haploid and form through cell division, though some types are diploid sor dikaryons and form through cell fusion.we can also say this type of reproduction as single pollination
Reproduction via spores
Reproductive spores are generally the result of cell division, most commonly meiosis (e.g. in plant sporophytes). Sporic meiosis is needed to complete the sexual life cycle of the organisms using it.
In some cases, sporogenesis occurs via mitosis (e.g. in some fungi and algae). Mitotic sporogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction. Examples are the conidial fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium, for which mitospore formation appears to be the primary mode of reproduction. Other fungi, such as ascomycetes, utilize both mitotic and meiotic spores. The red alga Polysiphonia alternates between mitotic and meiotic sporogenesis and both processes are required to complete its complex reproductive life cycle.
In the case of dormant spores in eukaryotes, sporogenesis often occurs as a result of fertilization or karyogamy forming a diploid spore equivalent to a zygote. T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma%20Darwin%20%28novelist%29 | Emma L. Darwin (born 8 April 1964) is an English historical fiction author, writer of the novels The Mathematics of Love (2006) and A Secret Alchemy (2008) and various short stories. She is the great-great-granddaughter of Charles and Emma Darwin.
Biography
Darwin was born and brought up in London. Her father was Henry Galton Darwin, a lawyer in the Foreign Office, son of Sir Charles Galton Darwin, grandson of Sir George Darwin, and great-grandson of Charles Darwin. Her mother Jane (née Christie), an English teacher, was the younger daughter of John Traill Christie. Darwin has two sisters; Carola and Sophia. Due to the parents' work, the family spent three years commuting between London and Brussels. The family spent many holidays on the Essex/Suffolk border, where much of her novel The Mathematics of Love is set. Darwin has lamented that any reviews of her work inevitably include references to her family background.
She read Drama at the University of Birmingham, and she spent some years in academic publishing. But when she had two small children, she started writing again, and eventually earned an MPhil in Writing at the University of Glamorgan (now the University of South Wales), where her tutor was novelist and poet Christopher Meredith. The novel she wrote for the degree became The Mathematics of Love, which was sold to Headline Review, as the first of a two-book deal. Meanwhile, she had found the form of a research degree so fruitful that she completed a PhD in Creat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kelley%20%28disambiguation%29 | David Kelley (born 1949) is an American philosopher and author.
David Kelley may also refer to:
David C. Kelly, a professor of mathematics
David E. Kelley (born 1956), American television writer and producer
David G. Kelley (born 1928), American politician in the state of California
David H. Kelley (1924–2011), American archaeologist, epigrapher and Mayanist scholar
David M. Kelley (born 1951), American designer and entrepreneur, founder of IDEO
David N. Kelley (born 1959), American attorney and former United States Attorney
David Kelley (poet) (1941–1999), British poet and scholar; co-founder of Black Apollo Press
See also
David Kelly (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20R.%20Axelrod | Herbert Richard Axelrod (June 7, 1927 – May 15, 2017) was an American tropical fish expert, a publisher of pet books, and an entrepreneur. In 2005 he was sentenced in U.S. court to 18 months in prison for tax fraud.
Early life
Axelrod was born to a Jewish family in New Jersey, the son of immigrant parents from Russia. His father was a mathematics and violin teacher, and his mother was a civilian employee of the U.S. Navy.
Aquatics and publishing
While serving in an Army MASH unit in Korea, he wrote his book The Handbook of Tropical Aquarium Fishes, which eventually sold more than one million copies. After returning from Korea, Axelrod earned a Ph.D. in biostatistics at New York University and started the magazine Tropical Fish Hobbyist. He wrote many other books on tropical fish and founded a publishing firm, TFH Publications (named for the magazine) that became the largest publisher of pet books in the world. TFH Publications was headquartered first in Jersey City, New Jersey, and then in Neptune, New Jersey. The New York Times has written that "his importance was undeniable. In an era before web forums and Google, collectors turned to Tropical Fish Hobbyist and Axelrod's dozens of books".
In 1956, Leonard P. Schultz described the cardinal tetra, a popular aquarium fish, and gave it its scientific name, Paracheirodon axelrodi, which honors Axelrod. Although the fish had been discovered in Brazil in 1953 by Harald Sioli, a discus collector, Axelrod claimed that he had made |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Felchlin | Richard Ferdinant Felchlin (October 9, 1888 – January 6, 1960) was born in Stockton, California. He was a civil engineer who designed many of the buildings that give downtown Fresno, California its architectural character. He studied civil engineering at the University of California, then moved to Fresno and entered practice.
Notable buildings
Felchlin and his Fresno company R.F. Felchlin Company (later Felchlin, Shaw, & Franklin) designed many notable Fresno commercial and residential buildings, a number of which are now on the National Register of Historic Places.
Commercial buildings designed by Felchlin and his firm include the San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation Building (1923), the Bank of Italy building (1918), and the California Hotel (1922), which are all on the National Register, and Fresno Pacific Towers (1925) which stood as the tallest structure in the city for 80 years. A notable residence that is also on the National Register the Kindler home.
See also
List of Registered Historic Places in California#Fresno County
References
1888 births
1960 deaths
20th-century American architects
American civil engineers
People from Stockton, California
Engineers from California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruggero%20Santilli | Ruggero Maria Santilli (born September 8, 1935) is an Italo-American nuclear physicist. Mainstream scientists dismiss his theories as fringe science.
Biography
Ruggero Maria Santilli was born September 8, 1935) in Capracotta. He studied physics at the University of Naples and earned his PhD in physics from the University of Turin, graduating in 1965. He held various academic positions in Italy until 1967, when he took a position at University of Miami; a year later he moved to Boston University, and subsequently held visiting scientist positions at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.
In September 1981, Santilli established a one-man organization, the Institute for Basic Research in Boston; he told a reporter from St. Petersburg Times in 2007 that he left Harvard because scientists there viewed his work as "heresy".
In 1982 Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper wrote that Santilli's calls for tests on the validity of quantum mechanics within nuclear and hadronic structures, represented a return to scientific sanity.
In 1985 he published a book, Il Grande Grido: Ethical Probe on Einstein's Followers in the U.S.A, an Insider's View, in which he said that in many institutions there is an effective conspiracy to suppress or not investigate novel theories which may conflict with established scientific theories, such as Einstein's theory of relativity. According to Santilli, institutions receive funding and have established entire departments dedic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Maths%20Day | World Maths Day (World Math Day in American English) is an online international mathematics competition, powered by Mathletics (a learning platform from 3P Learning, the same organisation behind Reading Eggs and Mathseeds). Smaller elements of the wider Mathletics program effectively power the World Maths Day event.
The first World Maths Day started in 2007. Despite these origins, the phrases "World Maths Day" and "World Math Day" are trademarks, and not to be confused with other competitions such as the International Mathematical Olympiad or days such as Pi Day. In 2010, World Maths Day created a Guinness World Record for the Largest Online Maths Competition.
The next World Maths Day will take place on the 8th of March 2023.
Overview
Open to all school-aged students (4 to 18 years old), World Maths Day involves participants playing 20 × 60-second games, with the platform heavily based on "Live Mathletics" found in Mathletics. The contests involve mental maths problems appropriate for each age group, which test the accuracy and speed of the students as they compete against other students across the globe.
The simple but innovative idea of combining the aspects of multi-player online gaming with maths problems has contributed to its popularity around the world. There will be 10 Year group divisions for students to compete in from Kindergarten to Year 9 and above.
An online Hall of Fame will track points throughout the competition with prizes to be awarded to the top stude |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kuriyan | John Kuriyan is the dean of basic sciences and a professor of biochemistry at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He was formerly the Chancellor's Professor at the University of California, Berkeley in the departments of molecular and cell biology (MCB) and chemistry, a faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab's physical biosciences division, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and he has also been on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009, 2019 and 2020.
Education
Kuriyan received his B.S. in chemistry from Juniata College in Pennsylvania, followed by his PhD in physical chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology supervised by Gregory Petsko and Martin Karplus.
Research and career
Kuriyan did postdoctoral research work for one year supervised by Karplus at Harvard before becoming an assistant professor at the Rockefeller University. Kuriyan's laboratory studies the structure and mechanism of enzymes and other proteins that transduce cellular signals and perform DNA replication. The laboratory primarily uses x-ray crystallography to determine 3-D protein structures as well as biochemical, biophysical, and computational techniques to uncover the mechanisms used by these proteins.
Awards and honors
In 1989, Kuriyan was named a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences, and was the recipient of the 2005 Loundsbery Award by the National Academy of Sciences, . He has also received the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Fowler | David Fowler may refer to:
David Fowler (physicist) (born 1950), environmental physicist and air pollution scientist
David Fowler (politician) (born 1958), member of the Tennessee Senate
David Fowler (mathematician) (1937–2004), British historian of Greek mathematics
David Fowler (merchant) (1826–1881), Scottish born wholesale grocer in Australia, co-founder of D. & J. Fowler Ltd.
A prominent witness in the 2021 Trial of Derek Chauvin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor%20%28mathematics%29 | A rotor is an object in the geometric algebra (also called Clifford algebra) of a vector space that represents a rotation about the origin. The term originated with William Kingdon Clifford, in showing that the quaternion algebra is just a special case of Hermann Grassmann's "theory of extension" (Ausdehnungslehre). Hestenes defined a rotor to be any element of a geometric algebra that can be written as the product of an even number of unit vectors and satisfies , where is the "reverse" of —that is, the product of the same vectors, but in reverse order.
Definition
In mathematics, a rotor in the geometric algebra of a vector space V is the same thing as an element of the spin group Spin(V). We define this group below.
Let V be a vector space equipped with a positive definite quadratic form q, and let Cl(V) be the geometric algebra associated to V. The algebra Cl(V) is the quotient of the tensor algebra of V by the relations for all . (The tensor product in Cl(V) is what is called the geometric product in geometric algebra and in this article is denoted by .) The Z-grading on the tensor algebra of V descends to a Z/2Z-grading on Cl(V), which we denote by Here, Cleven(V) is generated by even-degree blades and Clodd(V) is generated by odd-degree blades.
There is a unique antiautomorphism of Cl(V) which restricts to the identity on V: this is called the transpose, and the transpose of any multivector a is denoted by . On a blade (i.e., a simple tensor), it simply reverses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20metric | In mathematics and computer science, a string metric (also known as a string similarity metric or string distance function) is a metric that measures distance ("inverse similarity") between two text strings for approximate string matching or comparison and in fuzzy string searching. A requirement for a string metric (e.g. in contrast to string matching) is fulfillment of the triangle inequality. For example, the strings "Sam" and "Samuel" can be considered to be close. A string metric provides a number indicating an algorithm-specific indication of distance.
The most widely known string metric is a rudimentary one called the Levenshtein distance (also known as edit distance). It operates between two input strings, returning a number equivalent to the number of substitutions and deletions needed in order to transform one input string into another. Simplistic string metrics such as Levenshtein distance have expanded to include phonetic, token, grammatical and character-based methods of statistical comparisons.
String metrics are used heavily in information integration and are currently used in areas including fraud detection, fingerprint analysis, plagiarism detection, ontology merging, DNA analysis, RNA analysis, image analysis, evidence-based machine learning, database data deduplication, data mining, incremental search, data integration, malware detection, and semantic knowledge integration.
List of string metrics
Levenshtein distance, or its generalization edit distan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Jones%20%28voice%20actor%29 | Richard Jones (born c. 1957) is a Canadian voice actor, voice director, writer and content developer. Since 1982, he has worked with Alphanim, Cinar and Nelvana. Jones has been nominated for a Gemini Award twice in 1988 and 2003.
Bio
During his early years, Rick obtained an undergraduate degree in biology. Whilst he was working on a geology thesis, a friend from Carleton University working at the school radio station asked him to do a voice for an ad, which helped start Rick's career. His first work was in the special The Care Bears in the Land Without Feelings.
Filmography
Voice work - series and games
The Care Bears in the Land Without Feelings (1983) - Tender Heart Bear/Good Luck Bear/Birthday Bear
The Care Bears Battle the Freeze Machine (1984) - Tender Heart Bear/Good Luck Bear/Birthday Bear
The Velveteen Rabbit (1985) - Rabbit 1/Rabbit 2
The Raccoons (1985–1992) - Sidekick/Delivery Ape/Master of Ceremonies/Mr. Mammoth's Assistant
The Tin Soldier (1986) - Lefty/Rat 1/Rat 3
Babar and Father Christmas (1986) - Zephir/Lazzaro/Podular/Mice
Dennis the Menace (1986–1988) - Additional Voices (Season 2)
The Adventures of Teddy Ruxpin (1986–1987) - Additional Voices
Diplodos (1988) - Puncher
The Railway Dragon (1988) - French Chef/Hunter's Son
Bluetoes the Christmas Elf (1988) - Lonesome/Whitey
The Smoggies (1988–1991) - Uncle Boom/Sailor/Choo-Choo
The Admiral and the Princess (1989) - Baggot
Bobobobs (1989) - Cornelius/Blip
Happy Castle (1989)
Nutsberry Town ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-implicit%20Euler%20method | In mathematics, the semi-implicit Euler method, also called symplectic Euler, semi-explicit Euler, Euler–Cromer, and Newton–Størmer–Verlet (NSV), is a modification of the Euler method for solving Hamilton's equations, a system of ordinary differential equations that arises in classical mechanics. It is a symplectic integrator and hence it yields better results than the standard Euler method.
Setting
The semi-implicit Euler method can be applied to a pair of differential equations of the form
where f and g are given functions. Here, x and v may be either scalars or vectors. The equations of motion in Hamiltonian mechanics take this form if the Hamiltonian is of the form
The differential equations are to be solved with the initial condition
The method
The semi-implicit Euler method produces an approximate discrete solution by iterating
where Δt is the time step and tn = t0 + nΔt is the time after n steps.
The difference with the standard Euler method is that the semi-implicit Euler method uses vn+1 in the equation for xn+1, while the Euler method uses vn.
Applying the method with negative time step to the computation of from and rearranging leads to the second variant of the semi-implicit Euler method
which has similar properties.
The semi-implicit Euler is a first-order integrator, just as the standard Euler method. This means that it commits a global error of the order of Δt. However, the semi-implicit Euler method is a symplectic integrator, unlike the standar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20multiplicative%20inverse | In mathematics, particularly in the area of arithmetic, a modular multiplicative inverse of an integer is an integer such that the product is congruent to 1 with respect to the modulus . In the standard notation of modular arithmetic this congruence is written as
which is the shorthand way of writing the statement that divides (evenly) the quantity , or, put another way, the remainder after dividing by the integer is 1. If does have an inverse modulo , then there are an infinite number of solutions of this congruence, which form a congruence class with respect to this modulus. Furthermore, any integer that is congruent to (i.e., in 's congruence class) has any element of 's congruence class as a modular multiplicative inverse. Using the notation of to indicate the congruence class containing , this can be expressed by saying that the modulo multiplicative inverse of the congruence class is the congruence class such that:
where the symbol denotes the multiplication of equivalence classes modulo .
Written in this way, the analogy with the usual concept of a multiplicative inverse in the set of rational or real numbers is clearly represented, replacing the numbers by congruence classes and altering the binary operation appropriately.
As with the analogous operation on the real numbers, a fundamental use of this operation is in solving, when possible, linear congruences of the form
Finding modular multiplicative inverses also has practical applications in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Mazia | Daniel Mazia (December 18, 1912 – June 9, 1996) was an American cell biologist, best known for his research that isolated the cell structures responsible for mitosis. His research was the gateway for many later discoveries about the cell cycle, cell division, and many other areas in cell biology.
Biography
Mazia grew up in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in a Russian-Jewish family. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1933 and a Ph.D. in 1937 from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1937–38, he was a National Research Council fellow at Princeton University and at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Here, he worked with sea urchins which were the organism he focused on in his doctoral research. He then joined the zoology faculty of the University of Missouri, where he taught from 1938 to 1950. During the first few months of his job there, he served in the United States Army throughout World War II. In 1938, he married Gertrude Greenblatt and had two children, Judith and Rebecca.
From 1951 until his retirement in 1979, he was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught Physical Chemical Biology for much of his stint as a professor at Berkeley. Due to his profound research in Woods Hole, many graduate students as well as postdoctoral students flooded his laboratory in California.
After leaving Berkeley until his death in 1996, Mazia was an emeritus professor at Stanford University. He died of heart failure and complications due to can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20X-STR%20markers | The following X-STR markers are used in genealogical DNA testing and other forms of relationship testing.
See also
Short Tandem Repeat
X-STR
List of Y-STR markers
DNA
Genetic genealogy
X-STR
Human evolution
Human population genetics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Laakso | Eric Henry Laakso (November 29, 1956December 25, 2010) was an NFL offensive tackle and guard who played seven seasons with the Miami Dolphins, a tenure which included two Super Bowls. After high school at Killingly in Danielson, CT he attended Tulane University, where he majored in civil engineering and played offensive tackle from 1975 to 1977 and was honored as the 1976–77 Tulane Athlete of the year. Laakso was selected 106th overall by the Dolphins in the fourth round of the 1978 NFL Draft. Laakso resided in South Florida and was active with NFL Alumni functions.
According to The Sun-Sentinel, Laakso was found dead in his home in Pompano Beach on Christmas night. The death was attributed to natural causes, Laakso battled heart disease.
Career highlights
Tulane Offensive Tackle 1975–77
1976–77 Tulane Athlete of the year
4th round Draft Pick 106th overall, 1978, Miami
Miami Dolphins(#68) Offensive Tackle 1978–1984
Super Bowl XVII (1982)
Super Bowl XIX (1984)
See also
List of retired professional American football players
Miami Dolphins
Miami Dolphins seasons
External links
1956 births
2010 deaths
American football offensive tackles
Tulane Green Wave football players
Tulane University alumni
Miami Dolphins players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo%20Kanade | is a Japanese computer scientist and one of the world's foremost researchers in computer vision. He is U.A. and Helen Whitaker Professor at Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science. He has approximately 300 peer-reviewed academic publications and holds around 20 patents.
Honors and achievements
In 1997, he was elected to the US National Academy of Engineering for contributions to computer vision and robotics.
In 1997, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
In 1999 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 2008 Kanade received the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science from The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
A special event called TK60: Celebrating Takeo Kanade's vision was held to commemorate his 60th birthday. This event was attended by prominent computer vision researchers.
Elected member of American Association of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics Society of Japan, and Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan
Marr Prize, 1990 for the paper Shape from Interreflections which he co-authored with Shree K. Nayar and Katsushi Ikeuchi
Longuet-Higgins Prize for lasting contribution in computer vision at
CVPR 2006 for the paper "Neural Network-Based Face Detection" coauthored with H. Rowley and S. Baluja
CVPR 2008 for the paper "Probabilistic modeling of local appearance and spatial relationships for object recognition" coauthored with H Schneiderman
The other awar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20Allen%20Orr | H. Allen Orr (born 1960) is the Shirley Cox Kearns Professor of Biology at the University of Rochester.
Education and career
Orr earned his bachelor's degree in Biology and Philosophy from the College of William and Mary and his Ph.D. in Biology from the University of Chicago. At Chicago, Orr studied under Jerry Coyne. He performed postdoctoral research at the University of California, Davis.
Work
Orr is an evolutionary geneticist whose research focuses on the genetics of speciation and the genetics of adaptation, in particular on the genetic basis of hybrid sterility and inviability. How many genes cause reproductive isolation between species? What are the normal functions of these genes and what evolutionary forces drove their divergence? He studies these problems through genetic analysis of reproductive isolation between species of Drosophila.
In his adaptation work, Orr is interested in theoretical rules or patterns that might characterize the population genetics of adaptation. He studies these patterns using both population genetic theory and experiment. His early work on Drosophila set the terms of much of the current research on speciation. Orr is said to be one of the few evolutionary biologists ever to have made fundamental contributions about how changes occur within lineages over time, and about how lineages split to result in new species.
Speciation
His book Speciation, co-authored with Jerry Coyne, was hailed in Science as "exceedingly well-written and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20Monitoring%20and%20Management | The Chemical Monitoring and Management Module is part of the New South Wales, Higher School Certificate (HSC) Chemistry course studied by Secondary Students in their final year of schooling (Year 12). Students study four modules, 3 compulsory, and 1 of the 5 elective modules.
The 3 compulsory modules are:
Identification and Production of Materials
The Acidic Environment
Chemical Monitoring and Management
The five option modules, of which one may be studied are:
Industrial Chemistry
Shipwrecks and Salvage
Forensic Chemistry
The Biochemistry of Movement
The Chemistry of Art
The module "Chemical Monitoring and Management" is designed to teach students studying Chemistry:
The Role of Chemists in Monitoring and Management of Chemical Reactions
Various Methods of Chemical Analysis
The Production of Ammonia (The Haber/Bosch Process)
Chemical Equilibrium
Le Chatelier's Principle
The role of Catalysts
Identification of chemicals using chemical tests and Spectroscopy
The Chemical Monitoring and Management of the atmosphere and waterways
The syllabus was created by the New South Wales Board of Studies.
References
Chemistry education |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction%20of%20t-norms | In mathematics, t-norms are a special kind of binary operations on the real unit interval [0, 1]. Various constructions of t-norms, either by explicit definition or by transformation from previously known functions, provide a plenitude of examples and classes of t-norms. This is important, e.g., for finding counter-examples or supplying t-norms with particular properties for use in engineering applications of fuzzy logic. The main ways of construction of t-norms include using generators, defining parametric classes of t-norms, rotations, or ordinal sums of t-norms.
Relevant background can be found in the article on t-norms.
Generators of t-norms
The method of constructing t-norms by generators consists in using a unary function (generator) to transform some known binary function (most often, addition or multiplication) into a t-norm.
In order to allow using non-bijective generators, which do not have the inverse function, the following notion of pseudo-inverse function is employed:
Let f: [a, b] → [c, d] be a monotone function between two closed subintervals of extended real line. The pseudo-inverse function to f is the function f (−1): [c, d] → [a, b] defined as
Additive generators
The construction of t-norms by additive generators is based on the following theorem:
Let f: [0, 1] → [0, +∞] be a strictly decreasing function such that f(1) = 0 and f(x) + f(y) is in the range of f or equal to f(0+) or +∞ for all x, y in [0, 1]. Then the function T: [0, 1]2 → [0, 1] def |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propenyl | In organic chemistry, 1-propenyl (or simply propenyl) has the formula CH=CHCH3 and 2-propenyl (isopropenyl) has the formula CH2=C-CH3. These groups are found in many compounds. Propenyl compounds are isomeric with allyl compounds, which have the formula CH2-CH=CH2.
Chemicals with 1-propenyl groups
2-chloropropylene
propenylbenzene (β-methylstyrene).
Many phenylpropanoids and their derivatives feature derivatives of propenylbenzene:
Anethole
Asarone
Carpacin
Coniferyl alcohol
Isoeugenol
Isosafrole
Methyl isoeugenol
Pseudoisoeugenol
Chemicals with 2-propenyl groups
Several terpenes feature 2-propenyl substituents:
carvone
limonene
See also
Propene
Functional group
References
Alkenyl groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20H.%20S.%20Richardson | David Horsfall Stuart Richardson is a British and Canadian lichenologist noted for his studies on the effects of air pollution upon lichens. Richardson was awarded a doctorate from the University of Oxford for his thesis entitled Studies in the biology and physiology of lichens with special reference to Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. Richardson was a professor at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland before transferring to Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Until July 2006, he served as Dean of Science at St. Mary's University for numerous years.
Richardson usually teaches a week-long seminar on lichen identification each summer at the Humboldt Field Research Institute at Eagle Hill along the coast of Maine.
Honours
Recipient of the George Lawson Medal from the Canadian Botanical Association in 2000.
Recipient of the Paragon Award in 2003 from the Halifax Ambassador Club. Award and Brief Biography
Lichen, Skyttea richardsonii named by Teresa Iturriaga and David L. Hawksworth to honor David Richardson.
On line publication Iturriaga, Teresa and David L. Hawksworth. 2004. Skyttea richardsonii sp. nov. from Maine, with a key to the species known from North America. Mycologia 96 (4):925-928.
References
External links
Photo of Dr. Richardson
Letter from Dr. Richardson, Dean of Science, St. Mary's University, Spring 2006
North American Lichen Checklist
Humboldt Field Research Institute at Eagle Hill - Maine
Full text of doctoral thesis, "Studies in the biolog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAG | UAG may stand for:
Biology
In biology, the "amber" stop codon UAG; see genetic code
Education
Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, the first private university and host to a large medical school in Mexico.
University of Arkansas Grantham
Sports
The African Gymnastics Union (French: l'Union Africaine de Gymnastique)
Estudiantes Tecos, a Mexican professional football (soccer) club, previously associated with the Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, and as Tecos UAG
Technology
Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway, Microsoft solution for remote access to corporate applications
VMware Unified Access Gateway
Transportation
Afra Airlines (ICAO code UAG), an airline in Ghana
United Auto Group, an American automotive retailer
Video games
UAG, a video game also known as Thundercade |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20of%20Vision | Limit of Vision is a 2001 science fiction book by American writer Linda Nagata. Like many of Nagata's novels, it contains themes of nanotechnology and genetic engineering, as well as government and corporate corruption, in this case as suppressors of positive and liberating transhumanizing technology.
Limit of Vision is about a rogue colony of artificial, independently viable neural cells called asterids, which escape from containment aboard a corporate research lab in low Earth orbit. Plummeting to Earth, the colony's habitat lands off the coast of Vietnam, where it is picked up by a freelance journalist. The journalist is helped by a group of young children living under the protection of a nearly sentient computer program, who see an opportunity to benefit by cooperating with the asterids in a form of symbiosis. The corporate lab, Equasys, joins with the UN to eradicate the asterids.
Plot summary
Virgil Copeland and Randall Panwar are forced to present a project review to the senior staff of Equatorial Systems, and their fellow scientist Gabrielle Villanti fails to attend. Panwar struggles with the presentation, in which they present their research about asterids (artificial neurons) known as LOVs. Although LOVs showed promise in initial experiments, the enhanced intelligence of the test animals was offset by the uncontrolled growth of the LOVs, which eventually killed their hosts. LOVs were therefore made dependent on two amino acids: nopaline for metabolism and octopi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanosine%20nucleotide%20dissociation%20inhibitor | In molecular biology, the Guanosine dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) constitute a family of small GTPases that serve a regulatory role in vesicular membrane traffic. GDIs bind to the GDP-bound form of Rho and Rab small GTPases and not only prevent exchange (maintaining the small GTPase in an off-state), but also prevent the small GTPase from localizing at the membrane, which is their place of action. This inhibition can be removed by the action of a GDI displacement factor. GDIs also inhibit cdc42 by binding to its tail and preventing its insertion into membranes; hence it cannot trigger WASPs and cannot lead to nucleation of F-actin.
The GDIs' C-terminal geranylgeranylation is crucial for their membrane association and function. This post-translational modification is catalysed by Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (Rab-GGTase), a multi-subunit enzyme that contains a catalytic heterodimer and an accessory component, termed Rab escort protein (REP)-1. REP-1 presents newly synthesised Rab proteins to the catalytic component, and forms a stable complex with the prenylated proteins following the transfer reaction. The mechanism of REP-1-mediated membrane association of Rab5 is similar to that mediated by Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). REP-1 and Rab GDI also share other functional properties, including the ability to inhibit the release of GDP and to remove Rab proteins from membranes.
The crystal structure of the bovine alpha-isoform of Rab GDI has been determined to a resolu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETT | Ett or ETT may refer to:
Arts
Caspar Ett (1788–1847), German composer and organist
English Touring Theatre
Mathematics
Euler tour technique, in graph theory
Extensional type theory, in logic
Medicine
Endotracheal tube, in respiratory medicine
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, a very rare cancer
Ergothioneine transporter, a protein and human gene (SLC22A4)
Exercise Tolerance Test, in cardiology
Military
Embedded Training Teams in Afghanistan
EBR ETT, a French armoured personnel carrier
Other uses
Elementary Teachers of Toronto, a Canadian labour union
English Toy Terrier, a dog breed
Etruscan language, once spoken in Italy (ISO 639-3: ett)
European Transactions on Telecommunications, a scientific journal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20%C5%A0t%C4%9Bp%C3%A1nek%20%28free-diver%29 | Martin Štěpánek (born June 5, 1977 in Náchod, Czech Republic) is a world class freediver and record-holder.
Life and career
From 1984 to 1997 he was a competitive monofin swimmer (finswimmer) (distances 50m and 100m). Martin's academic background follows a degree in Forestry Engineering with advanced studies in Sports Biology at the Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. After moving to the United States he became USA Certified as a Deep Sea and Saturation Commercial Diver in May 1999. In 2000 Martin met Douglas Peterson, who went on to become his freediving coach and mentor, guiding him to his first World Record in July 2001. Since then, Martin continued to set freediving world records annually up to his retirement from competitive freediving in 2012. He is now recognized as one of the pioneers of modern freediving education.
Martin was on hand during David Blaine's "Drowned Alive" stunt in Lincoln Center in May 2006. Blaine was attempting to hold his breath (known as "apnea") long enough to break the current world record of eight minutes, fifty-eight seconds.
Martin is the founder of Freediving Instructors International (F.I.I.) the largest freediving education agency in the United States. He is an advisory board member of DiveWise a non-profit organization dedicated to freediver education and safety and celebrity supporter of Oceana.
In May 2009, utilizing only his monofin for propulsion, Martin became the first man to dive over on a single breath of air.
Off |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Maddux | Roger Maddux (born 1948) is an American mathematician specializing in algebraic logic.
He completed his B.A. at Pomona College in 1969, and his Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1978, where he was one of Alfred Tarski's last students. His career has been at Iowa State University, where he fills a joint appointment in computer science and mathematics.
Maddux is primarily known for his work in relation algebras and cylindric algebras, and as the inventor of relational bases.
Books by Maddux
1990: (with Clifford H. Bergman & Don L. Pigozzi, editors) Algebraic Logic and Universal Algebra in Computer Science, Lecture Notes in Computer Science #425, Springer books
2006: Relation Algebras, vol. 150 in Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. Elsevier Science
Notes
External links
Maddux home page at the Iowa State University.
Living people
1948 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Pomona College alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Neiman | Susan Neiman (; born March 27, 1955) is an American moral philosopher, cultural commentator, and essayist. She has written extensively on the juncture between Enlightenment moral philosophy, metaphysics, and politics, both for scholarly audiences and the general public. She currently lives in Germany, where she is the Director of the Einstein Forum in Potsdam.
Biography and career
Born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia, Neiman dropped out of high school to join the anti-Vietnam War movement. Later she studied philosophy at Harvard University, earning her Ph.D. under the direction of John Rawls and Stanley Cavell. During graduate school, she spent several years of study at the Free University of Berlin. Slow Fire, a memoir about her life as a Jewish woman in 1980s Berlin, was published in 1992. From 1989 to 1996, she was an assistant and associate professor of philosophy at Yale University, and from 1996 to 2000 she was an associate professor of philosophy at Tel Aviv University. In 2000 she assumed her current position at the Einstein Forum in Potsdam. She is the mother of three adult children.
Neiman has been a Member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, a Research Fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation Study Center in Bellagio, and a Senior Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies. She is currently a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Her books have won prizes from PEN, the Association of American Publishers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial%20defect | In materials science, an interstitial defect is a type of point crystallographic defect where an atom of the same or of a different type, occupies an interstitial site in the crystal structure. When the atom is of the same type as those already present they are known as a self-interstitial defect. Alternatively, small atoms in some crystals may occupy interstitial sites, such as hydrogen in palladium. Interstitials can be produced by bombarding a crystal with elementary particles having energy above the displacement threshold for that crystal, but they may also exist in small concentrations in thermodynamic equilibrium. The presence of interstitial defects can modify the physical and chemical properties of a material.
History
The idea of interstitial compounds was started in the late 1930s and they are often called Hagg phases after Hägg. Transition metals generally crystallise in either the hexagonal close packed or face centered cubic structures, both of which can be considered to be made up of layers of hexagonally close packed atoms. In both of these very similar lattices there are two sorts of interstice, or hole:
Two tetrahedral holes per metal atom, i.e. the hole is between four metal atoms
One octahedral hole per metal atom, i.e. the hole is between six metal atoms
It was suggested by early workers that:
the metal lattice was relatively unaffected by the interstitial atom
the electrical conductivity was comparable to that of the pure metal
there was a range of comp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%E2%80%93compact%20algorithm | In computer science, a mark–compact algorithm is a type of garbage collection algorithm used to reclaim unreachable memory. Mark–compact algorithms can be regarded as a combination of the mark–sweep algorithm and Cheney's copying algorithm. First, reachable objects are marked, then a compacting step relocates the reachable (marked) objects towards the beginning of the heap area. Compacting garbage collection is used by modern JVMs, Microsoft's Common Language Runtime and by the Glasgow Haskell Compiler.
Algorithms
After marking the live objects in the heap in the same fashion as the mark–sweep algorithm, the heap will often be fragmented. The goal of mark–compact algorithms is to shift the live objects in memory together so the fragmentation is eliminated. The challenge is to correctly update all pointers to the moved objects, most of which will have new memory addresses after the compaction. The issue of handling pointer updates is handled in different ways.
Table-based compaction
A table-based algorithm was first described by Haddon and Waite in 1967. It preserves the relative placement of the live objects in the heap, and requires only a constant amount of overhead.
Compaction proceeds from the bottom of the heap (low addresses) to the top (high addresses). As live (that is, marked) objects are encountered, they are moved to the first available low address, and a record is appended to a break table of relocation information. For each live object, a record in the break |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-finite%20collection | In mathematics, a collection or family of subsets of a topological space is said to be point-finite if every point of lies in only finitely many members of
A metacompact space is a topological space in which every open cover admits a point-finite open refinement. Every locally finite collection of subsets of a topological space is also point-finite.
A topological space in which every open cover admits a locally finite open refinement is called a paracompact space. Every paracompact space is therefore metacompact.
References
General topology
Families of sets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20for%20Women%20in%20Mathematics | The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. The AWM was founded in 1971 and incorporated in the state of Massachusetts. AWM has approximately 5200 members, including over 250 institutional members, such as colleges, universities, institutes, and mathematical societies. It offers numerous programs and workshops to mentor women and girls in the mathematical sciences. Much of AWM's work is supported through federal grants.
History
The Association was founded in 1971 as the Association of Women Mathematicians, but the name was changed almost immediately. As reported in "A Brief History of the Association for Women in Mathematics: The Presidents' Perspectives", by Lenore Blum:
Mary Gray, an early organizer and first president, placed an advertisement in the February 1971 Notices of the AMS, and wrote the first issue of the AWM Newsletter that May. Early goals of the association focused on equal pay for equal work, as well as equal consideration for admission to graduate school and support while there; for faculty appointments at all levels; for promotion and for tenure; for administrative appointments; and for government grants, positions on review and advisory panels and positions in professional organizations. Alice T. Shafe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometric%20titration | In analytical chemistry, potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct titration of a redox reaction. It is a useful means of characterizing an acid. No indicator is used; instead the electric potential is measured across the analyte, typically an electrolyte solution. To do this, two electrodes are used, an indicator electrode (the glass electrode and metal ion indicator electrode) and a reference electrode. Reference electrodes generally used are hydrogen electrodes, calomel electrodes, and silver chloride electrodes. The indicator electrode forms an electrochemical half-cell with the interested ions in the test solution. The reference electrode forms the other half-cell.
The overall electric potential is calculated as
is the potential drop over the test solution between the two electrodes. is recorded at intervals as the titrant is added. A graph of potential against volume added can be drawn and the end point of the reaction is halfway between the jump in voltage.
depends on the concentration of the interested ions with which the indicator electrode is in contact. For example, the electrode reaction may be
As the concentration of changes, the changes correspondingly. Thus the potentiometric titration involve measurement of with the addition of titrant. Types of potentiometric titration include acid–base titration (total alkalinity and total acidity), redox titration (HI/HY and cerate), precipitation titration (halides), and complexometric titration ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20point%20compact | In mathematics, a topological space is said to be limit point compact or weakly countably compact if every infinite subset of has a limit point in This property generalizes a property of compact spaces. In a metric space, limit point compactness, compactness, and sequential compactness are all equivalent. For general topological spaces, however, these three notions of compactness are not equivalent.
Properties and examples
In a topological space, subsets without limit point are exactly those that are closed and discrete in the subspace topology. So a space is limit point compact if and only if all its closed discrete subsets are finite.
A space is limit point compact if and only if it has an infinite closed discrete subspace. Since any subset of a closed discrete subset of is itself closed in and discrete, this is equivalent to require that has a countably infinite closed discrete subspace.
Some examples of spaces that are not limit point compact: (1) The set of all real numbers with its usual topology, since the integers are an infinite set but do not have a limit point in ; (2) an infinite set with the discrete topology; (3) the countable complement topology on an uncountable set.
Every countably compact space (and hence every compact space) is limit point compact.
For T1 spaces, limit point compactness is equivalent to countable compactness.
An example of limit point compact space that is not countably compact is obtained by "doubling the integers", n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Nesmeyanov | Alexander Nikolayevich Nesmeyanov (; – 17 January 1980) was a Soviet chemist and academician (1943) specializing in organometallic chemistry.
Biography
He was born in Moscow. He had two brothers Vasily (1904) and Andrei (1911) and a sister Tatyana (1908) (two born sisters died in infancy). His father (Nikolai Vasilyevich Nesmeyanov), graduated with excellence Vladimir Gymnasium, and then the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. He became interested in enlightenment and was working as a public teacher in the village of Bushov (Tula province) for 10 years. He had married in 1898 and worked at the Moscow city government, then he was a director Bakhrushinsky orphanage in Moscow (1901 – 1917). Alexander's mother, Lyudmila Danilovna (1878 – 1958), was a multi-talented teacher. At ten years Alexander became a vegetarian, and in 1913 he stopped eating fish. It was not easy to follow this conviction, especially in the famine years of 1918 – 1921, when roach and herring were an essential food product. He had become interested in various branches of biology: entomology, hydrobiology, ornithology and from the age of thirteen became interested in chemistry.
Education
In 1909, parents sent Alexander to P. N. Strakhov's private Moscow gymnasium, which he graduated with honors. In 1917, he entered the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University. There were no entrance exams due to the passage of the revolution. Studying in this difficult time require |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20K.%20Gilbert%20Award | The G. K. Gilbert Award is presented annually by the Planetary Geology Division of the Geological Society of America for outstanding contributions to the solution of fundamental problems in planetary geology in the broadest sense, which includes geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, geophysics, geologic mapping, and remote sensing. Such contributions may consist either of a single outstanding publication or a series of publications that have had great influence in the field. The award is named for the pioneering geologist G. K. Gilbert. This award is not to be confused with the G. K. Gilbert Award for Excellence in Geomorphological Research given by the American Association of Geographers, or the G.K. Gilbert Award in Surface Processes given by the Earth and Planetary Surface Processes Section of the American Geophysical Union.
Award winners
Source:
See also
List of geology awards
Prizes named after people
References
Geological Society of America
Geology awards
Awards established in 1983
American science and technology awards
Planetary geology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron%20%28wristwatch%29 | The Astron wristwatch, formally known as the Seiko Quartz-Astron 35SQ, was the world's first "quartz clock" wristwatch. It is now registered on the List of IEEE Milestones as a key advance in electrical engineering.
History
The Astron was unveiled in Tokyo on December 25, 1969, after ten years of research and development at Suwa Seikosha (currently named Seiko Epson), a manufacturing company of Seiko Group. Within one week 100 gold watches had been sold, at a retail price of 450,000 yen (US$1,250) each (at the time, equivalent to the price of a medium-sized car). Essential elements included a XY-type quartz oscillator of (8192 = 213), a hybrid integrated circuit, and a phase locked ultra-small stepping motor to turn its hands. According to Seiko, Astron was accurate to ±5 seconds per month or one minute per year, and its battery life was 1 year or longer.
Anniversaries
In March 2010, at the Baselworld watch fair and trade show in Switzerland, Seiko previewed a limited edition new version of the watch and related designs of the original Astron watch, commemorating the fortieth anniversary in December 2009 of the debut of the Astron watch.
Second Generation
Seiko used the "Astron" trademark again as "Seiko Astron" when it released a satellite radio-wave solar-powered wristwatch using GPS satellites in 2012.
50th Anniversary Model
In 2019, Seiko released several limited edition Astron models to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the quartz Astron. Among them, the model |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Baumann%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Peter Baumann (born 1960 in Rosenheim) is a German computer scientist and professor at Constructor (formerly: Jacobs) University, Bremen, Germany, where he is head of the Large-Scale Scientific Information Systems research group in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering.
Academic positions
Baumann is professor of Computer Science at Constructor (formerly: Jacobs) University, Bremen, Germany and founder and CEO of rasdaman GmbH.
He is inventor and Principal Architect of the rasdaman Array DBMS, the historically first complete implementation of what today is called a "Big Data Analytics" server for large, multi-dimensional arrays.
He has authored and co-authored 100+ book chapters and papers on array (aka raster) databases and further fields, and has given tutorials on raster databases worldwide.
Baumann is active in several bodies concerned with scientific data access and use:
chair, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) Earth Science Informatics (ESI)
board member, United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UNGGIM) Private Sector Network
member, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC); functions:
chair, Coverages Standards Working Group and Big Data Domain Working Group
editor of the OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) standards suite
editor, ISO TC211 19123-1 and 19123-3
founding member and chair, CODATA Germany
Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) Charter Member
Academic career
Baumann obtained |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsampling | Subsampling or sub-sampling may refer to:
Sampling (statistics)
Replication (statistics)
Downsampling in signal processing
Chroma subsampling
Sub-sampling (chemistry) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20Philippot | Michel Paul Philippot (2 February 1925 – 28 July 1996) was a French composer, acoustician, musicologist, aesthetician, broadcaster, and educator.
Life
Philippot was born in Verzy. His studies of mathematics were interrupted by World War II, after which he decided instead to study music, first at the of Reims, and then at the Conservatoire de Paris (1945–48), where he studied harmony with Georges Dandelot. He also took private composition lessons from 1946 to 1950 with René Leibowitz, who introduced him to the music of the Second Viennese School. In 1949 he began a career at ORTF in a position as a music producer. In 1959 he became assistant to Pierre Schaeffer in the Groupe de Recherches Musicales, and later worked under Henri Barraud at the radio station France Culture. From 1964 to 1972 he was in charge of music programs, then became a technical adviser to the Director General of Radio France and to the President of the Institut national de l'audiovisuel (INA). From 1969 to 1976 he also taught musicology and aesthetics at the Universities of Paris I and IV, and from 1970 was professor of composition at the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique de Paris. In 1976 he moved to Brazil in order to create the department of music at São Paulo State University, as well as to take up a position as professor at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Upon returning to France in 1983, he resumed his occupation as technical advisor to INA (until 1989) and his professorship a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20Product%20Updates | Natural Product Updates (NPU) provides graphical abstracts of new developments in natural product chemistry, selected from dozens of key primary journals. Coverage includes:
Isolation studies
Biosynthesis
New natural products
Known compounds from new sources
Structure determinations
New properties and biological activities
Natural Product Updates is a fully searchable online, text and graphical database that is updated weekly with the latest developments in catalysis. It is also available as a monthly print bulletin.
External links
NPU homepage
RSC Publishing homepage
Chemistry journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20Olympiad%20Foundation | Science Olympiad Foundation (SOF) is an educational foundation, established in 1998, based in New Delhi, India which promotes science, mathematics, general knowledge, introductory computer education and English language skills among school children in India and many other countries through various Olympiads. However, they are not the official organizer of Olympiads in India.
Olympiads
Every year over 68000 schools from 48 countries register for the 7 Olympiad exams and millions of students appear in them.
Current
Annually, about 5 million students take part in each of the following Olympiad exams:
National Cyber Olympiad (NCO) is a single level exam. It was the second Olympiad conducted by SOF. It has been conducted since 2000. Students from class I-X may participate in the examination.
National Science Olympiad (NSO) is conducted at two levels each year. It was the first Olympiad conducted by SOF. It has been conducted since 1998. Students from class I-XII may participate in the examination.
International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO) is conducted at two levels each year. Students from class I-XII may participate in the examination.
International English Olympiad (IEO) used to be a single level exam each year, but since 2017–2018 it is conducted at two levels. Students from class I-XII can participate in this Olympiad.
International General Knowledge Olympiad (IGKO) is a single level exam. Students from classes I-X may participate in the examination. This Olympiad was |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20secrecy | Strong secrecy is a term used in formal proof-based cryptography for making propositions about the security of cryptographic protocols. It is a stronger notion of security than syntactic (or weak) secrecy. Strong secrecy is related with the concept of semantic security or indistinguishability used in the computational proof-based approach. Bruno Blanchet provides the following definition for strong secrecy:
Strong secrecy means that an adversary cannot see any difference when the value of the secret changes
For example, if a process encrypts a message m an attacker can differentiate between different messages, since their ciphertexts will be different. Thus m is not a strong secret. If however, probabilistic encryption were used, m would be a strong secret. The randomness incorporated into the encryption algorithm will yield different ciphertexts for the same value of m.
See also
Semantic security
Notes
Cryptography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Ornstein | Leonard Salomon Ornstein (12 November 1880 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands – 20 May 1941 in Utrecht, the Netherlands) was a Dutch physicist.
Biography
Ornstein studied theoretical physics with Hendrik Antoon Lorentz at University of Leiden. He subsequently carried out Ph.D. research under the supervision of Lorentz, concerning an application of the statistical mechanics of Gibbs to molecular problems.
In 1914, Ornstein was appointed professor of physics, as successor of Peter Debye, at University of Utrecht. Among his doctoral students was Jan Frederik Schouten. In 1922, he became director of Physical Laboratory (Fysisch Laboratorium) and extended his research interests to experimental subjects. His precision measurements concerning intensities of spectral lines brought Physical Laboratory in the international limelight.
Ornstein is also remembered for the Ornstein-Zernike theory (named after himself and Frederik Zernike) concerning correlation functions,
and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (named after Ornstein and George Uhlenbeck), a stochastic process.
Together with Gilles Holst, director of Philips Research Laboratories (Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium), he was the driving force behind establishing the Dutch Physical Society (Netherlands Physical Society, Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging, NNV) in 1921. From 1939 until November 1940 he was Chairman of this Society. From 1918 until 1922 Ornstein was Chairman of the Dutch Zionist Society (Nederlandse Zionistische Ver |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooster%20tail | A rooster tail is a term used in fluid dynamics, automotive gear shifting, and meteorology. It is a region of commotion or turbulence within a fluid, caused by movement. In fluid dynamics, it lies directly in the wake of an object traveling within a fluid, and is accompanied by a vertical protrusion. If it occurs in a river, wise boaters upstream steer clear of its appearance. The degree of their formation can indicate the efficiency of a boat's hull design. The magnitude of these features in a boat increases with speed, while the relationship is inversely proportional for airplanes. Energetic volcanic eruptions can create rooster tail formations from their ejecta. They can form in relation to coronal loops near the Sun's surface.
In gear shifting in motor vehicles, it is the relation between the coefficient of friction and the sliding speed of the clutch. Cars can throw rooster tails in their wake and loose materials under its wheels. In meteorology, a rooster tail satellite pattern can be applied to either low or high level cloudiness, with the low cloud line seen in the wake of tropical cyclones and the high cloud pattern seen either within mare's tails or within the outflow jet of tropical cyclones.
In fluid dynamics
Rooster tails are caused by constructive interference near and to the wake of objects within a flowing fluid.
In water
A fast current of water flowing over a rock near the surface of a stream or river can create a rooster tail—such commotions at the water |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron%20Lemonick | Aaron Lemonick (February 2, 1923 – June 19, 2003) was a Princeton University physics professor and administrator who served as dean of the graduate school from 1969 to 1973, and as dean of the faculty from 1973 to 1989. Joseph Taylor, winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics, attributes his decision to study physics instead of mathematics to Lemonick's freshman physics course at Haverford. Princeton awarded him the President's Award for Distinguished Teaching when he retired in 1994, and he received an honorary degree in 2001.
Lemonick served in the US Air Force during World War II, and later attended the University of Pennsylvania as an undergraduate. He began his association with Princeton as a graduate student in physics and received his Ph.D. in 1954. He taught at Haverford College and became chair of the physics department there in 1957, as well as working as a research collaborator at Brookhaven National Laboratory. He became a member of the Princeton faculty as an associate professor of physics in 1961. He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1964. He was the father of Science writer Michael D. Lemonick
Ruth Simmons, the current president of Brown, who worked under Lemonick as a Princeton administrator, cites him as one of the major influences on her career. He was also a force behind the foundation of Princeton's Women's Studies program, as well as its Molecular Biology department.
References
1923 births
2003 deaths
Educators from Philadelphi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%20theorem | Structure theorem may refer to:
Structured program theorem, a result in programming language theory
Structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain, a result in abstract algebra (a subject area in mathematics)
Structure Theorem of Bass-Serre theory, a result in Geometric group theory. (another subject area in mathematics) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kuck | David J. Kuck, a graduate of the University of Michigan, was a professor in the Computer Science Department the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1965 to 1993. He is the father of Olympic silver medalist Jonathan Kuck. While at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign he developed the Parafrase compiler system (1977), which was the first testbed for the development of automatic vectorization and related program transformations. In his role as Director (1986–93) of the Center for Supercomputing Research and Development (CSRD-UIUC), Kuck led the construction of the CEDAR project, a hierarchical shared-memory 32-processor SMP supercomputer completed in 1988 at the University of Illinois.
He founded Kuck and Associates (KAI) in 1979 to build a line of industry-standard optimizing compilers especially focused upon exploiting parallelism. After CSRD, Kuck transferred his full attentions to KAI and its clients at various US National Laboratories. KAI was acquired by Intel in March 2000, where Kuck currently serves as an Intel Fellow, Software and Services Group (SSG), Developer Products Division (DPD).
Kuck was the sole software person on the ILLIAC IV project in contrast to all the other hardware-oriented members. Kuck is responsible not only for developing many of the initial ideas of how to restructure computer source code for parallelism but also trained many of that field's major players around the world.
Honors
Kuck is a fellow of the American Associati |
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