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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenesis%20%28biology%29 | In biology, epigenesis (or, in contrast to preformationism, neoformationism) is the process by which plants, animals and fungi develop from a seed, spore or egg through a sequence of steps in which cells differentiate and organs form.
Aristotle first published the theory of epigenesis in his book On the Generation of Animals. Although epigenesis appears to be an obvious fact in today's genetic age, historically, creationist theories of life's origins hindered its acceptance. However, during the late 18th century an extended and controversial debate among biologists finally led epigenesis to eclipse the long-established preformationist view. The embryologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff refuted preformationism in 1759 in favor of epigenesis, but this did not put an end to preformationism.
See also
Epigenetics
Epigenesis (disambiguation)
References
External links
Aristotle: On the Generation of Animals (extracts)
Developmental biology
Embryology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20mean | In mathematics and statistics, a circular mean or angular mean is a mean designed for angles and similar cyclic quantities, such as times of day, and fractional parts of real numbers.
This is necessary since most of the usual means may not be appropriate on angle-like quantities. For example, the arithmetic mean of 0° and 360° is 180°, which is misleading because 360° equals 0° modulo a full cycle. As another example, the "average time" between 11 PM and 1 AM is either midnight or noon, depending on whether the two times are part of a single night or part of a single calendar day.
The circular mean is one of the simplest examples of directional statistics and of statistics of non-Euclidean spaces.
This computation produces a different result than the arithmetic mean, with the difference being greater when the angles are widely distributed. For example, the arithmetic mean of the three angles 0°, 0°, and 90° is (0° + 0° + 90°) / 3 = 30°, but the vector mean is arctan(1/2) = 26.565°. Moreover, with the arithmetic mean the circular variance is only defined ±180°.
Definition
Since the arithmetic mean is not always appropriate for angles, the following method can be used to obtain both a mean value and measure for the variance of the angles:
Convert all angles to corresponding points on the unit circle, e.g., to . That is, convert polar coordinates to Cartesian coordinates. Then compute the arithmetic mean of these points. The resulting point will lie within the unit disk but |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki%20Imai | is an information theorist and cryptographer, currently the director of Research Center for Information Security (RCIS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and a full professor at Chuo University. His notable work includes research in coding theory, block cipher design, and public-key cryptography.
In 1977, together with Hirakawa, he proposed a coded multilevel signal modulation scheme using several classes of binary error-correcting codes, whose symbols are combined to set up the transmission signal. This scheme is known as the Imai-Hirakawa code.
He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1971. He was on the faculty of Yokohama National University from then until 1992, before he joined the faculty of the University of Tokyo. He has been the director of RCIS since 2005. He became a professor at Chuo University in April 2006.
He became an IEEE Fellow in 1992 for contributions to the theory of coded modulation and two-dimensional codes, and an IACR Fellow in 2007.
References
External links
Hideki Imai's page at IIS
Hideki Imai's page at RCIS
ResearchMap profile
Living people
1943 births
Japanese information theorists
Modern cryptographers
University of Tokyo alumni
International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows
Academic staff of Yokohama National University
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Gruby | David Gruby (20 August 1810 – 14 November 1898) was a Hungarian physician born in the village of Kis-Kér (now Bačko Dobro Polje, Serbia) to a Jewish farmer. He received his doctorate in Vienna and performed scientific research in Paris.
Gruby is remembered as a pioneer in the fields of microbiology and medical mycology. Most of his important work was done during the 1840s, when he reported that human disease could be caused by fungi. In 1841 he described the fungus associated with favus, a discovery that was independent of Johann Lukas Schönlein's (1793–1864) findings. Later, the fungal parasite was called Achorion schoenleinii in Schönlein's honor.
In 1842 he described a microscopic cryptogam (Trichophyton ectothrix) that is associated with a dermatological disease known as sycosis barbae. Gruby also discovered Candida (Monilia) albicans, the cause of candidiasis, and in 1843 he described a fungus (Microsporum audouinii) that is the cause of a type of ringworm. This fungus was named after naturalist Jean Victor Audouin (1797–1842).
Gruby also discovered a parasite in the blood of frogs he called Trypanosoma sanguinis. During the early years of anaesthesia, he performed important experiments with chloroform and ether on animals.
Associated eponym
"Gruby's disease": Tinea capitis in children caused by an infection with Trichophyton tonsurans.
Written works
Mémoire sur une vegétation qui constitue la vraie teigne. (discovery & description of the achorion of favus)
Rec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Oliver | Simon Oliver is a British-American comic book writer, best known for his creator-owned series The Exterminators and FBP: Federal Bureau of Physics, published under DC Comics' Vertigo imprint.
Career
Simon Oliver was born in the United Kingdom but left the country in the early 90s. After traveling around the world for several years, he settled in Los Angeles, working in the film industry, mostly as a camera assistant on TV shows such as Once and Again and Joan of Arcadia. Oliver began writing The Exterminators as a potential TV series but, after his early scripts were passed to Karen Berger, the Editor-in-Chief of DC Comics' Vertigo imprint, Oliver received an offer from the publisher to turn the series into a comic book. The Exterminators began publishing as an ongoing monthly series in January 2006. The following year, Oliver became the writer of the Wildstorm ongoing series Gen¹³ and penned Hellblazer Presents: Chas – The Knowledge, a spin-off mini-series published as part of the Hellblazer 20th anniversary.
In 2013, Vertigo began publishing Oliver's second creator-owned series, Collider. The series' title was changed to FBP: Federal Bureau of Physics following legal action from an international comics publisher.
Bibliography
To date, the entirety of Oliver's work has been published by DC Comics and its various imprints:
The Exterminators (with Tony Moore, Chris Samnee (#8), Mike Hawthorne (#11–12), John Lucas (#15–16, 27), Ty Templeton (#17–18, 26), Darick Robertson (#1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Whitaker%20%28geologist%29 | William Whitaker (4 May 1836 in London – 15 January 1925 in Croydon) was a British geologist.
Early life
He was educated at St Albans School and University College, London, where he gained a degree in chemistry in 1855.
Career
He became a geologist, specializing initially in water surveying and mapping. His thorough research, wide knowledge, and his numerous publications, especially his The Geology of London and of Part of the Thames Valley (1889) has led some to call him “the father of English hydrogeology”. He retired in 1896 but continued to work as a water engineer.
Honours
He was elected fellow of the Geological Society in 1859, and FRS in 1883. He was president of numerous societies, including both the Geologists’ Association and the Geological Society, and was a recipient of the latter’s Murchison Medal in 1886 and Wollaston Medal in 1923. He died in Croydon, Surrey.
Further reading
Oxford Dictionary of National Bibliography
References
Entry in Who's Who
W. H. George: entry in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
External links
Alumni of University College London
19th-century British geologists
1836 births
1925 deaths
People from St Albans
Wollaston Medal winners
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire
Artists' Rifles soldiers
Presidents of the Geologists' Association |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator%20%28coactivator%29 | Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes. It was discovered in 1990 in the lab of Roger D. Kornberg, recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Mediator complexes interact with transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. The main function of mediator complexes is to transmit signals from the transcription factors to the polymerase.
Mediator complexes are variable at the evolutionary, compositional and conformational levels. The first image shows only one "snapshot" of what a particular mediator complex might be composed of, but it certainly does not accurately depict the conformation of the complex in vivo. During evolution, mediator has become more complex. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a simple eukaryote) is thought to have up to 21 subunits in the core mediator (exclusive of the CDK module), while mammals have up to 26.
Individual subunits can be absent or replaced by other subunits under different conditions. Also, there are many intrinsically disordered regions in mediator proteins, which may contribute to the conformational flexibility seen both with and without other bound proteins or protein complexes. A more realistic model of a mediator complex without the CDK module is shown in the second figure.
The mediator complex is required for the successful transcription by RNA polymerase II. Mediator has been shown to make contacts with the polymerase in the transcription preinitiation complex. A rec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Mairson | Harry George Mairson is a theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science in the Volen National Center for Complex Systems at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. His research is in the fields of logic in computer science, lambda calculus and functional programming, type theory and constructive mathematics, computational complexity theory, and algorithmics.
His Ph.D. thesis, The Program Complexity of Searching a Table, won the Machtey Award at the 1983 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). Mairson was a Postdoctoral researcher at INRIA Rocqencourt from 1984 to 1985, at Stanford University in 1985, and at the University of Oxford in 1986. He held a visiting professor position from 1999 to 2001 at Boston University. From 2005 to 2007, Mairson has served as the Chair of the Faculty Senate at Brandeis. He is currently an Associate Editor of the journal Logical Methods in Computer Science and Information and Computation, and sits on the editorial board of Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation.
Mairson's contributions to the theory of programming languages include proving that type inference for the ML programming language, so-called Hindley–Milner type inference, is complete for exponential time and that parallel beta reduction is non-elementary.
Education
Mairson received a B.A. in mathematics from Yale University in 1978 and a Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University in 1984 under the supervision of Jeffrey Ullman |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Ramsauer | Carl Wilhelm Ramsauer (6 February 1879 – 24 December 1955) was a German professor of physics and research physicist, famous for the discovery of the Ramsauer–Townsend effect. He pioneered the field of electron and proton collisions with gas molecules.
Life
Early life
Ramsauer was born in Osternburg, Oldenburg. From 1897 to 1907, he studied at the Munich, Tübingen, Berlin, Kiel, London, and Breslau universities. He was awarded his doctorate at Kiel University.
Career
From 1907 to 1909, Ramsauer was a teaching assistant to Philipp Lenard in the physics department at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg. It was here that he conducted research on the quantum effect of the transparency of noble gases to slow electrons, known as the Ramsauer effect. Subsequently, he was a staff scientist at the Radiological Institute in Heidelberg. During World War I, he served as an artillery officer. From 1921, he was an ordinarius professor at the Danzig Technische Hochschule.
From 1928 to 1945, he was director of the research division of the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG), an electric combine with headquarters in Berlin and Frankfurt am Main. During the period 1931 to 1945, in addition to his position at AEG, he was honorary professor at the Berlin Technische Hochschule; the title meant that he was authorized to teach at the facility, but not required. From 1945, he was ordinarius professor and director of the physics department at the Berlin Technische Hochschule. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropathology%20and%20Applied%20Neurobiology | Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology is a peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of neuropathology.
It is published by Wiley for the British Neuropathological Society. The journal was established in 1975 and is published bimonthly. Its scope includes the publication of reviews, original papers and short reports on clinical and experimental neuropathology. It also includes book reviews. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor was 6.878.
History
The journal was established in 1975 with John Cavanagh as editor in chief. He was succeeded by R. O. Weller, James Lowe, Stephen Wharton and Janice Holton. The current editor is Tom Jacques.
See also
Neurobiology
External links
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Neurology journals
Academic journals established in 1975
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent%20concentration | In chemistry, the equivalent concentration or normality () of a solution is defined as the molar concentration divided by an equivalence factor or -factor :
Definition
Normality is defined as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one litre of solution. The SI unit of normality is equivalents per litre (Eq/L).
where is normality, is the mass of solute in grams, is the equivalent weight of solute, and is the volume of the entire solution in litres.
Usage
There are three common types of chemical reaction where normality is used as a measure of reactive species in solution:
In acid-base chemistry, normality is used to express the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydroxide ions (OH−) in a solution. Here, is an integer value. Each solute can produce one or more equivalents of reactive species when dissolved.
In redox reactions, the equivalence factor describes the number of electrons that an oxidizing or reducing agent can accept or donate. Here, can have a fractional (non-integer) value.
In precipitation reactions, the equivalence factor measures the number of ions which will precipitate in a given reaction. Here, is an integer value.
Normal concentration of an ionic solution is also related to conductivity (electrolytic) through the use of equivalent conductivity.
Medical
Although losing favor in the medical industry, reporting of serum concentrations in units of "eq/L" (= 1 N) or "meq/L" (= 0.001 N) still occurs.
Examples
Norm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathia%20Rodriguez | Kathia J. Rodriguez Rosario (born July 9, 1980) is an actress with a key role in Miguel Coyula's latest film Memorias del Desarrollo.
She was raised by her mother and grandmother, Myrna Rosario and Nilda Galarza. Kathia has a Master's in Biology from University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. She is married to Harry Santiago-Perez, CPA and both have lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, since 2004.
Biography
Rodriguez was born in Barceloneta, Puerto Rico, and attended high school there. Since childhood, she has been involved in the arts. She attended the modeling agency, Refine, and was a member of a talent show company that performed shows throughout the island. She has won awards for her impersonations of Madonna and Cuban singer, Lissette. However, her family stressed the importance of a college education.
After graduation, Rodriguez decided to enroll at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez to pursue a degree in biology. Her goal was to attend medical school and become a cardiologist. However, her dream and passion was to be an actress. She then combined her studies in biology with elective classes in the school's theater department.
During her senior year, Rodriguez married her best friend, Harry Santiago-Perez. The following year, she began her master's degree in microbiology. In 2003, her thesis, titled Eficacia del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus como biorremediador de suelos contaminados con metales pesados was published.
Later that year, Rodriguez joined her husband i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes%20of%20convergence | In mathematics, there are many senses in which a sequence or a series is said to be convergent. This article describes various modes (senses or species) of convergence in the settings where they are defined. For a list of modes of convergence, see Modes of convergence (annotated index)
Note that each of the following objects is a special case of the types preceding it: sets, topological spaces, uniform spaces, TAGs (topological abelian groups), normed spaces, Euclidean spaces, and the real/complex numbers. Also, note that any metric space is a uniform space.
Elements of a topological space
Convergence can be defined in terms of sequences in first-countable spaces. Nets are a generalization of sequences that are useful in spaces which are not first countable. Filters further generalize the concept of convergence.
In metric spaces, one can define Cauchy sequences. Cauchy nets and filters are generalizations to uniform spaces. Even more generally, Cauchy spaces are spaces in which Cauchy filters may be defined. Convergence implies "Cauchy-convergence", and Cauchy-convergence, together with the existence of a convergent subsequence implies convergence. The concept of completeness of metric spaces, and its generalizations is defined in terms of Cauchy sequences.
Series of elements in a topological abelian group
In a topological abelian group, convergence of a series is defined as convergence of the sequence of partial sums. An important concept when considering series is unc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%20Chi%20Minh%20City%20University%20of%20Architecture | Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture (), is the flagship university in architecture, civil engineering, design education and research in Vietnam. In addition to architecture and civil/structural engineering, the university provides higher education in several relating disciplines including urban planning, infrastructural engineering, fine arts, fashion design and building interior design. Its main campus is located in District 3, Ho Chi Minh City in addition to two provincial campuses in Da Lat and Can Tho.
The university can trace its history back to the institution founded in 1924 as the Ecole des Beaux Art. After multiple times of relocation, reforms and closure due to war, the university received its current name in 1976 and has come under the management of the Ministry of Construction (Vietnam) since 2002.
During the past Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture have trained over 1,100 technical personnel with Bachelor and PhD degrees; 35,000 architects, engineers, etc. Most of students were employed after graduating.
History
1924 - L'ecole des Beaux Arts de L'Indochichine (Indochina Art School) Vietnamese language: Trường Mỹ thuật Đông Dương was founded in Hanoi
1926 - Department of Architecture was first opened in the Ecole des Beaux Art
1944 - The school was relocated to Da Lat and renamed as Architectural School of Da Lat French Language: l'École supérieure d'architecture de Dalat
1948 - The Architecture School of Da Lat was merged into the Indochina Uni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Friedrich%20August%20G%C3%B6ttling | Johann Friedrich August Göttling (5 June 1753 – 1 September 1809) was a notable German chemist.
Gottling developed and sold chemical assay kits and studied processes for extracting sugar from beets to supplement his meagre university salary. He studied the chemistry of sulphur, arsenic, phosphorus, and mercury. He wrote texts on analytical chemistry and studied oxidation of organic compounds by nitric acid. He was one of the first scientists in Germany to take a stand against the phlogiston hypothesis and be in favor of the new chemistry of Lavoisier.
Biography
He studied pharmacy at Langensalza under Johann Christian Wiegleb, and from 1775 worked at the Hofapotheke (court pharmacy) in Weimar. From 1785, Göttling studied natural sciences at the University of Göttingen. In 1789, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe arranged for him to be an associate professor of chemistry and technology at the University of Jena. For a period of time, Göttling served as Goethe's primary source for chemical knowledge.
He was notably the teacher of Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner.
Selected works
Praktische Vortheile und Verbesserungen verschiedener pharmaceutisch-chemischer Operationen für Apotheker, 1783.
Beytrag, zur Berichtigung der anti-phlogistischen Chemie auf Versuche gegründet, 1794.
Chemische Bemerkungen über das phosphorsaure Quecksilber und Hrn. Hahnemanns schwarzen Quecksilberkalk, 1795.
Handbuch der theoretischen und praktischen Chemie, 1798–1800 (3 volumes).
Elementarbuch der chemis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20pathology | Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within pathology which is focused in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids. Molecular pathology shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology, molecular biology, biochemistry, proteomics and genetics, and is sometimes considered a "crossover" discipline.
It is multi-disciplinary in nature and focuses mainly on the sub-microscopic aspects of disease. A key consideration is that more accurate diagnosis is possible when the diagnosis is based on both the morphologic changes in tissues (traditional anatomic pathology) and on molecular testing.
It is a scientific discipline that encompasses the development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human diseases, the design and validation of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease progression, the susceptibility of individuals of different genetic constitution to develop disorders.
Molecular pathology is commonly used in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases. Techniques are numerous but include quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), multiplex PCR, DNA microarray, in situ hybridization, in situ RNA sequencing, DNA sequencing, antibody based immunofluorescence tissue assays, molecular profiling of pathogens, and analysis of bacterial genes for antimicrobial resistance.
Integration of "molecular pathology" and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Centre%20of%20Excellence%20in%20Geology | The National Centre of Excellence in Geology (NCEG), University of Peshawar, is an institution of higher learning and research in geosciences. It was established in 1974 under an act of the Pakistani parliament.
The institute offers MS and Ph.D programs in Geology, Geophysics Geospatial, and Environmental Geology.
The NCEG offers vast fields of study in special relation to Geology, i.e.
Engineering Geology,
Structural Geology,
Sedimentology,
Geochemistry,
Mineralogy,
Petrography,
Quaternary Geology,
Economic Geology,
Hydrogeology,
Environmental Geology.
Center activities
According to the Centre, its primary goals include:
To engage in goal-oriented high-level teaching and research,
To train research scientists,
To conduct M.Phil., Ph.D., and other programs (Diploma) in Earth & Environmental Sciences in accordance with the standards and requirements of the University,
To promote co-operation and inter-disciplinary relationship with other teaching/research organizations/universities and with industry,
To arrange conferences, seminars, workshops and refresher courses for the development of teaching and research, and
To conduct teaching and research in such particular disciplines as is assigned to it by the Federal Government.
References
External links
http://nceg.uop.edu.pk
Geology education
Universities and colleges in Peshawar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow%20Institute%20of%20Electronics%20and%20Mathematics | Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, MIEM (; also occasionally referred to as Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering) — a Russian higher educational institution in the field of electronics, computer engineering, and applied mathematics.
History
The institute was founded by the joint decree of the Communist Party Central Committee and the USSR government of 21 April 1962 as the Moscow Institute of Electronic Machine Building () from the Moscow Evening Machine Building Institute ( (founded in 1929). It was designed to educate personnel for the technologically advanced enterprises of the USSR's military industry. The institute changed over to the current name in 1993, retaining the same abbreviation.
In 2011, the institute was incorporated into the National Research University Higher School of Economics. In December 2014, the institute moved to a new building located in the northwestern suburb of Moscow, Strogino, from its previous location at 3 Tryokhsvyatitelskiy lane in central Moscow.
Faculties
As of 2015, the institute has 3 departments:
Faculty of Electronic Engineering;
Faculty of Computer Engineering;
Faculty of Applied Mathematics.
References
External links
Official Site (in Russian)
See also
National Research University of Electronic Technology, another Russian technical institute founded in 1960s within the scope of the Soviet microelectronics program
Universities and colleges established in 1962
Universities and institutes established in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIEM | MIEM may refer to:
Member of the Institute of Emergency Management
Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullbrook%20School | Fullbrook School is a secondary school and sixth form in north west Surrey, England. The school has held Specialist Science, Technology, Mathematics and Computing College status since 2002. The school gained Grant Maintained status in the mid-1990s and was then given foundation status in 1999. In 2011, the school became an academy. Its main catchment areas are Byfleet, West Byfleet and New Haw with some pupils coming from Addlestone, Woking, Goldsworth Park and Sheerwater. The school has around 1550 students and there are about 250 students in the school's Sixth Form. In January 2017, Mrs. A Turner retired as head of Fullbrook School, and was succeeded by Mrs. K Moore. In 2022, Mr. A McKenzie was appointed as head of the school, coinciding with his lead as principal at King's College, Guildford.
History
Fullbrook was first established on its present site in 1954, when West Byfleet County Secondary School was divided into two as numbers at that school, due to post-war expansion, reached 747 in September 1953. Pupils living to the north of the line from Sheerwater Road, the Basingstoke Canal and then along the railway to West Weybridge (now Byfleet and New Haw) transferred to Fullbrook County Secondary School.
Above the main entrance is a stone plaque that was loaned to the school from the London County Council (LCC) during the building programme in the early 1950s. The Sheerwater Estate was being built to provide over spill housing for Londoners. The school there, now Bisho |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical%20University%20of%20Ko%C5%A1ice | Technical University of Košice (Slovak: Technická univerzita v Košiciach) is the second largest university of technology in Slovakia.
University structure
Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnology,
Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics,
Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Economics,
Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies,
Faculty of Arts,
Faculty of Aeronautics.
History of TUKE
The Technical University of Košice was founded in 1952, but its roots must be sought much deeper in the past. As early as 1657 the Universitas Cassoviensis was established in Košice (Kassa), but technical education in the Kingdom of Hungary was only elevated to higher education level in 1762, when Maria Theresa - sovereign of Hungary - established the Mining Academy in Banská Štiavnica (Selmecbánya). This provided education and promoted research activity in a group of scientific disciplines ranging from ore mining through to production and processing of metal materials.
The origins of higher technical education in Košice reach back to 1937, when the M.R.Štefánik State Technical College was established in the city. Teaching was supposed to start in the academic year 1938/39, but the pre-war events following the Vienna Arbitration caused the college to be moved first to Prešov, then to Martin and finally to Bratislava, where it remained and later formed the basis for the Sl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nth-term%20test | In mathematics, the nth-term test for divergence is a simple test for the divergence of an infinite series:If or if the limit does not exist, then diverges.Many authors do not name this test or give it a shorter name.
When testing if a series converges or diverges, this test is often checked first due to its ease of use.
In the case of p-adic analysis the term test is a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence due to the non-archimedean triangle inequality.
Usage
Unlike stronger convergence tests, the term test cannot prove by itself that a series converges. In particular, the converse to the test is not true; instead all one can say is:If then may or may not converge. In other words, if the test is inconclusive.The harmonic series is a classic example of a divergent series whose terms limit to zero. The more general class of p-series,
exemplifies the possible results of the test:
If p ≤ 0, then the term test identifies the series as divergent.
If 0 < p ≤ 1, then the term test is inconclusive, but the series is divergent by the integral test for convergence.
If 1 < p, then the term test is inconclusive, but the series is convergent, again by the integral test for convergence.
Proofs
The test is typically proven in contrapositive form:If converges, then
Limit manipulation
If sn are the partial sums of the series, then the assumption that the series
converges means that
for some number L. Then
Cauchy's criterion
The assumption that the series conver |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20enumeration | In combinatorics, an area of mathematics, graph enumeration describes a class of combinatorial enumeration problems in which one must count undirected or directed graphs of certain types, typically as a function of the number of vertices of the graph. These problems may be solved either exactly (as an algebraic enumeration problem) or asymptotically.
The pioneers in this area of mathematics were George Pólya, Arthur Cayley and J. Howard Redfield.
Labeled vs unlabeled problems
In some graphical enumeration problems, the vertices of the graph are considered to be labeled in such a way as to be distinguishable from each other, while in other problems any permutation of the vertices is considered to form the same graph, so the vertices are considered identical or unlabeled. In general, labeled problems tend to be easier. As with combinatorial enumeration more generally, the Pólya enumeration theorem is an important tool for reducing unlabeled problems to labeled ones: each unlabeled class is considered as a symmetry class of labeled objects.
Exact enumeration formulas
Some important results in this area include the following.
The number of labeled n-vertex simple undirected graphs is 2n(n −1)/2.
The number of labeled n-vertex simple directed graphs is 2n(n −1).
The number Cn of connected labeled n-vertex undirected graphs satisfies the recurrence relation
from which one may easily calculate, for n = 1, 2, 3, ..., that the values for Cn are
1, 1, 4, 38, 728, 26704 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss%20on%20ignition | Loss on ignition (LOI) is a test used in inorganic analytical chemistry and soil science, particularly in the analysis of minerals and the chemical makeup of soil. It consists of strongly heating ("igniting") a sample of the material at a specified temperature, allowing volatile substances to escape, until its mass ceases to change. This may be done in air or in some other reactive or inert atmosphere. The simple test typically consists of placing a few grams of the material in a tared, pre-ignited crucible and determining its mass, placing it in a temperature-controlled furnace for a set time, cooling it in a controlled (e.g., water-free, CO2-free) atmosphere, and re-determining the mass. The process may be repeated to show that the mass change is complete. A variant of the test in which mass change is continually monitored as the temperature changes is called thermogravimetry.
Theory
The loss on ignition is reported as part of an elemental or oxide analysis of a mineral. The volatile materials lost usually consist of 'combined water' (hydrates and labile hydroxy-compounds) and carbon dioxide from carbonates. It may be used as a quality test, commonly carried out for minerals such as iron ore. For example, the loss on ignition of fly ash is composed of contaminants and unburnt fuel.
In pyroprocessing industries such as lime,calcined bauxite, refractories or cement manufacture, the loss on ignition of the raw material is roughly equivalent to the mass loss it will e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mattuck | Arthur Paul Mattuck (June 11, 1930 – October 8, 2021) was an emeritus professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He may be best known for his 1998 book, Introduction to Analysis () and his differential equations video lectures featured on MIT's OpenCourseWare.
Mattuck was a student of Emil Artin at Princeton University, where he completed his PhD in 1954.
Recognition
In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Personal life
From 1959 to 1977 Mattuck was married to chemist Joan Berkowitz. Mattuck is quoted extensively in Sylvia Nasar's biography of John Nash, A Beautiful Mind.
He was the brother of the physicist Richard Mattuck.
He died on October 8, 2021, at age of 91. He was survived by his daughter Rosemary and her partner Jeffrey Broadman, and three nephews (Allan, Robin, and Martin).
References
External links
Initial lecture to 18.03 Differential equations, by Prof. Arthur Mattuck-- demonstrating Prof. Mattuck's ability to jump his students into quick learning
Prof. Arthur Mattuck Home Page
"The Unofficial 18.02/18.03 Quote Book"
1930 births
2021 deaths
Academics from Brooklyn
American textbook writers
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Swarthmore College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton%20model%20in%20neuroscience | The soliton hypothesis in neuroscience is a model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and conducted along axons based on a thermodynamic theory of nerve pulse propagation. It proposes that the signals travel along the cell's membrane in the form of certain kinds of solitary sound (or density) pulses that can be modeled as solitons. The model is proposed as an alternative to the Hodgkin–Huxley model in which action potentials: voltage-gated ion channels in the membrane open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell (inward current). The resulting decrease in membrane potential opens nearby voltage-gated sodium channels, thus propagating the action potential. The transmembrane potential is restored by delayed opening of potassium channels. Soliton hypothesis proponents assert that energy is mainly conserved during propagation except dissipation losses; Measured temperature changes are completely inconsistent with the Hodgkin-Huxley model.
The soliton model (and sound waves in general) depends on adiabatic propagation in which the energy provided at the source of excitation is carried adiabatically through the medium, i.e. plasma membrane. The measurement of a temperature pulse and the claimed absence of heat release during an action potential were the basis of the proposal that nerve impulses are an adiabatic phenomenon much like sound waves. Synaptically evoked action potentials in the electric organ of the electric eel are associated with substantial po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng%20B%C3%ACnh%20University | Quảng Bình University is a university established in 2006 after merging colleges with the Normal College in Đồng Hới city, the capital of Quảng Bình Province.
The university accepts entry exam candidate registers as of 2007. It provides education at university level of teacher's training (normal) (including maths, physics, chemistry, biology, literature, history, geology), law, business administration and English language.
External links
Official Website of Quảng Bình University
University
Universities in Vietnam
Educational institutions established in 2006
Đồng Hới
2006 establishments in Vietnam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20de%20Neumann | Frederick Bernard de Neumann (known in Austria and Germany as Bernhard von Neumann; (15 December 1943 – 18 April 2018) was a British mathematician, computer scientist, inventor, and naval historian.
He was educated at the Royal Hospital School and Birmingham University, and was Professor of Mathematics at The City University.
He was a descendant of Johann Andreas von Neumann, nobleman of the Holy Roman Empire, Vienna, 29 March 1797, and of Johann Heinrich von Neumann, nobleman of the Kingdom of Bavaria, Munich, 20 January 1824.
References
John Wonnacott, 2005. Prof Bernard de Neumann – The Mathematician. 2005 Ondaatje Prize-winning portrait of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters.
Genealogisches Handbuch des in Bayern immatrikulierten Adels, Vol XXII, 1998, p. 681, Degener Verlag. Neumann family.
External links
Prize for mathematician portrait — BBC News, 26 April 2005.
Prize for Mathematician’s Portrait — London Mathematical Society Newsletter
1943 births
2018 deaths
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
British computer scientists
British inventors
British naval historians
Von Neumann family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Wunsch | Carl Wunsch was the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physical Oceanography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, until he retired in 2013. He is known for his early work in internal waves and more recently for research into the effects of ocean circulation on climate.
Career
Wunsch received his Ph.D. in Geophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966. He began teaching there in 1967, achieving tenure in 1970, and was named Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physical Oceanography in 1976.
Climate change
Wunsch was one of the scientists interviewed in the controversial documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle, but he complained that his views were grossly distorted by context.
Selected honors
Member, National Academy of Sciences, 1978
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1979
Fulbright Scholar, 1981-1982
Maurice Ewing Medal, American Geophysical Union and U.S. Navy, 1990
Henry Stommel Research Award, American Meteorological Society, 2000
Foreign Member, Royal Society of London, 2002
Member of the American Philosophical Society, 2003
William Bowie Medal, American Geophysical Union, 2006
Prince Albert I Medal (IAPSO), 2021 (IAPSO list of medal winners)
Selected publications
Carl Wunsch, Discrete Inverse and State Estimation Problems, 2006.
Carl Wunsch, The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem, 1996.
Walter Munk, Peter Worcester, and Carl Wunsch, Ocean Acoustic Tomography, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
References
Ext |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Pereira | Sir Herbert Charles Pereira FRS (12 May 1913 – 19 December 2004) was a British hydrologist.
He was born in London but spent his early years in Saskatchewan on an Indian Reservation. He was educated there, then at St Albans School and the University of London, where he graduated in mathematics and physics.
After postgraduate research at Rothamsted Experimental Station he gained his PhD in 1940. During the war he served in the Middle East and then in Italy, where he put his skills in hydrology to good use. Thereafter he went to Africa and in 1966 was awarded the Haile Selassie Prize for his research. On returning to England he worked at the East Malling Research Station in Kent, his research being written up in Land Use and Water Resources during a year at the University of Cambridge. In 1973 he was appointed Chief Scientist for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1969 and was knighted in 1977. He died on 19 December 2004 of a stroke.
References
1913 births
2004 deaths
People from St Albans
People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire
Alumni of the University of London
Academics of the University of Cambridge
British hydrologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20J.%20Barrett | Thomas J. Barrett (born January 15, 1947) is a former United States Coast Guard officer and former Deputy Secretary of Transportation from 2007 until 2009.
Career
Barrett earned a B.S. in Biology from Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York and a Juris Doctor with honors from the George Washington University. He graduated from Army War College and the National Defense University Capstone Course in National Security Strategy and Military Capabilities.
He served 35 years in the U.S. Coast Guard and held the position of Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 2002 until 2004. In that capacity, he served as second in command, Agency Acquisition Executive, coordinated the Coast Guard Leadership Council, and co-chaired with the Vice Chief of Naval Operations the Navy-Coast Guard Board, an inter-service policy coordination body. He was instrumental in improving maritime security post 9/11, expanding Coast Guard support to the National Foreign Intelligence Community, supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom, and smoothly transitioning the Coast Guard into the new Department of Homeland Security.
Barrett was the Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
On May 31, 2006 Barrett was sworn in by then Transportation Secretary Norman Y. Mineta as the first permanent administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).
From 2007 to 2009 Barrett served as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transpor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz-Josef%20Paefgen | Franz-Josef Paefgen (born 10 May 1946 in Büttgen) is a German engineer and manager. In 1976, Paefgen earned a doctoral degree in mechanical engineering from the RWTH Aachen University. He was most recently the CEO of Bentley Motors and Bugatti Automobiles SAS, from which he retired in 2011.
Prior to the roles at Bentley and Bugatti, Dr Paefgen held several positions at Ford Motor Company and Audi where he also served as CEO.
During his time as the Chief Executive Officer of Bentley Motors Ltd., he was responsible for the Bentley Mulsanne and the Bentley Continental series of cars. From 2003 to 2005, Dr. Paefgen was responsible for the development of the Bugatti Veyron.
Since departing from Bentley and Bugatti, Dr Paefgen has accepted a position of a Board Member at the Finnish automotive company Valmet Automotive.
He also serves as a member of the supervisory board of German automotive supplier ZF Friedrichshafen AG.
Further reading
Richard Feast - Kidnap of the Flying Lady: How Germany Captured Both Rolls-Royce and Bentley (Motorbooks, 2003)
Andrew Frankel - Bentley - the Story (Redwood Publishing, 2005)
External links
Bentley Motors
References
1946 births
Living people
People from Kaarst
Businesspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
German businesspeople in transport
Cartellverband members
RWTH Aachen University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiss | Reiss may refer to:
Reiss (surname)
Reiss (brand), fashion brand
Reiss, Scotland
Reiss relation in mathematics
Reiss (ship), an historic steam tug -- see Northeastern Maritime Historical Foundation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Purves | Herbert Dudley Purves (25 September 1908 – 15 April 1993) was a New Zealand academic, chemist, mathematician, medical researcher and scientist.
Biography
He was educated at Hastings West Primary School and Napier Boys' High School. Purves' academic strengths showed early for he received prizes for Science in the third form, for Mathematics in the fourth form and for Latin, Mathematics and Science in the lower 6th. He won the Isabella Siteman scholarship which was awarded to the highest ranking Hawkes Bay student who did not make the Scholarship list. The scholarship required Purves to study science or medicine at the University of Otago. In 1926 he travelled to Dunedin to study physics, chemistry and mathematics. He majored in chemistry, earning a BSc in 1928 and an MSc with first-class honours in chemistry in 1931.
Purves' working life was spent in full-time medical research at the University of Otago Medical School in Dunedin. He began in 1932, as a research assistant to Sir Charles Hercus, then Professor of Bacteriology and Public Health.
Purves was later supported by funds from a Medical Research Council grant for research into thyroid problems, administered by a committee headed by Sir Charles Hercus. Hercus encouraged Purves to take the Medical course, which he did between 1935 and 1941 when he graduated MB/ChB. In 1941 Purves became Principal Research Officer and Director of the New Zealand Medical Research Council's Thyroid Research Department in Dunedin which la |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogenetics | Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of Medical Immunology and Medical Genetics that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.
Autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Identification of genes defining the immune defects may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches. Alternatively, genetic variations can also help to define the immunological pathway leading to disease.
Origin
The term immunogenetics is based on the two words immunology and genetics, and is defined as "a sub discipline of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response (immunity)" according to MeSH.
Genetics (based on Greek γενεά geneá "descent" and γένεσις génesis "origin") is the science researching the transfer of characteristics from one generation to the next. The genes of an organism (strands of DNA) and the transfer of genes from the parent to the child generation of an organism in the scope of possible variations are the basis of genetics.
Immunology deals with the biological and biochemical basis for the body's defense against germs (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi), as well as against foreign agents such as biological toxins and environmental pollutants, and failures and malfunctions of these defense mechanisms. Apart from these external effects on the organism, there are also defense reactions regarding the body's own cells, e.g. in the scope of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etta%20Zuber%20Falconer | Etta Zuber Falconer (November 21, 1933 – September 19, 2002) was an American educator and mathematician the bulk of whose career was spent at Spelman College, where she eventually served as department head and associate provost. She was one of the earlier African-American women to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics.
Family
Etta Zuber was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Walter A. Zuber, a physician, and Zadie L. Montgomery Zuber, a musician. The Zubers had two daughters, with Etta being the younger and Alice the older. While teaching at Okolona Junior College in Okolona, Mississippi, Etta met and married Dolan Falconer, a basketball coach. They had three children – Dolan Falconer Jr., who became a nuclear engineer; Alice Falconer Wilson, a pediatrician; and Walter Zuber Falconer, a urologist. The couple's marriage lasted over 35 years, ending in 1990 with Dolan's death.
Education
Etta Falconer attended the Tupelo public school system, graduating from Carver High School in 1949.
At the age of 15 she entered Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, where she majored in mathematics and minored in chemistry, graduating summa cum laude in 1953. While at Fisk, Falconer was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society. Her teachers included the talented mathematician Evelyn Granville, one of the first African American women to receive a doctoral degree in mathematics.
She went on to study at the University of Wisconsin, where she earned a Master of Science degree in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Leander%20King | Matthew Leander King (May 20, 1878 – October 23, 1919) was an American engineer.
Early life and marriage
King was born in Panora, Iowa, the son of Anna Ross (née Caldwell) and John King. He graduated from the Mechanical Engineering Department of Iowa State College in 1906. King was a charter member of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, a member of the American Society of Testing Materials. He became a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1912, and belonged to various aeronautical and officers' clubs. He married Lucy M. Massure, the daughter of Phoebe (Duell) and Richard Henry Lee Massure, on Jan. 1, 1901 in Redfield, Iowa. Their union produced two daughters, Harriet Marie and Helen. Through Helen, he was the maternal grandfather of actor Nick Nolte.
As an engineer
He spent five years as an experimentalist in agricultural engineering with the Agricultural Experiment Station of Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa, during which time he invented the hollow clay tile silo. For two years he was superintendent and general manager of the David M. Bradley Implement Works at Bradley, Illinois. He organized the Iowa Clay Products manufacturers into the Permanent Buildings Society for the development of new designs of and uses for hollow-clay building tile. King designed the Dexter Community House, which utilized the tiles in its construction.
Military career
King entered the army in September, 1917, with the rank of Captain and was assigned to the Aviat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F1%20in%20Schools | F1 in Schools is an international STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) competition for school children (aged 11–19), in which groups of 3–6 students have to design and manufacture a miniature car out of the official F1 Model Block using CAD/CAM design tools. The cars are powered by CO2 cartridges and are attached to a track by a nylon wire. They are timed from the moment they are launched to when they pass the finish line by a computer.
The cars have to follow extensive regulations, in a similar fashion to Formula 1 (e.g. the wheels of the car must be in contact with the track at all times). The cars are raced on a 20m long track with two lanes, to allow two cars to be raced simultaneously.
Software called F1 Virtual Wind Tunnel was designed specifically for the challenge.
The competition is currently operational in over 40 countries. The competition was first introduced in the UK in 1999. The competition's aim is to introduce younger people to engineering in a more fun environment. The competition is held annually, with Regional and National Finals. The overall winners of the National Finals are invited to compete at the World Finals, which are held at a different location each year, usually held in conjunction with a Formula One Grand Prix. In the UK competition there are 3 classes of entry: Professional Class aimed at 11- to 19-year-olds; Development Class aimed at 11- to 19-year-olds in their first year; and Entry Class aimed at 11- to 14-year-olds.
, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marino%20Ghetaldi | Marino Ghetaldi (; ; 2 October 1568 – 11 April 1626) was a Ragusan scientist. A mathematician and physicist who studied in Italy, England and Belgium, his best results are mainly in physics, especially optics, and mathematics. He was one of the few students of François Viète and friend of Giovanni Camillo Glorioso.
Biography
Born into the Ghetaldi noble family, he was one of six children. He was known for the application of algebra in geometry and his research in the field of geometrical optics on which he wrote 7 works including the Promotus Archimedus (1603) and the De resolutione et compositione mathematica (1630). He also produced a leaflet with the solutions of 42 geometrical problems, , in 1607 and set grounds of algebraization of geometry. His contributions to geometry had been cited by Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens and Edmond Halley, who calculated the orbit of what is known as Halley's comet, in England.
Ghetaldi was the constructor of the parabolic mirror (66 cm in diameter), kept today at the National Maritime Museum in London. He was also a pioneer in making conic lenses. During his sojourn in Padua he met Galileo Galilei, with whom he corresponded regularly. He was a good friend to the French mathematician François Viète. He was offered the post of professor of mathematics at Old University of Leuven in Belgium, at the time one of the most prestigious university centers in Europe.
He was also engaged in politics and was the envoy of the Republic of Ragu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content%20%28measure%20theory%29 | In mathematics, in particular in measure theory, a content is a real-valued function defined on a collection of subsets such that
That is, a content is a generalization of a measure: while the latter must be countably additive, the former must only be finitely additive.
In many important applications the is chosen to be a ring of sets or to be at least a semiring of sets in which case some additional properties can be deduced which are described below. For this reason some authors prefer to define contents only for the case of semirings or even rings.
If a content is additionally σ-additive it is called a pre-measure and if furthermore is a σ-algebra, the content is called a measure. Therefore every (real-valued) measure is a content, but not vice versa. Contents give a good notion of integrating bounded functions on a space but can behave badly when integrating unbounded functions, while measures give a good notion of integrating unbounded functions.
Examples
A classical example is to define a content on all half open intervals by setting their content to the length of the intervals, that is, One can further show that this content is actually σ-additive and thus defines a pre-measure on the semiring of all half-open intervals. This can be used to construct the Lebesgue measure for the real number line using Carathéodory's extension theorem. For further details on the general construction see article on Lebesgue measure.
An example of a content that is not a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Key%20%28Formula%20One%29 | James Key (born 14 January 1972) is a British engineer who has worked in Formula One. He was most recently the executive technical director of McLaren.
Education
James Key studied Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nottingham. Lotus Engineering sponsored him to his degree in 1996.
Formula One career
Key joined Jordan Grand Prix in 1998 spending several years as a data engineer, then became race engineer for Takuma Sato. Following a year in the wind tunnel he transferred to the vehicle dynamics department, eventually becoming the department head during the team's final few seasons as Jordan Grand Prix.
Shortly after the team's ownership transferred to MF1 Racing, he became Technical Director during the 2005 Formula One season following a brief period as Technical Co-ordinator. He was one of the youngest Technical Directors of a Formula One team, at the age of 33 years, along with Sam Michael (born in 1971) who became the technical director of the Williams F1 team at the age of 33 during the 2004 season. Key retained his position during the team's transition through Spyker F1 to Force India F1.
In April 2010 he left Force India to join the Sauber team, replacing Willy Rampf as Technical Director. He remained there for almost two years, before leaving in February 2012 to accept an undisclosed offer with one of the British-based teams.
On 6 September 2012, it was announced that Key had joined Scuderia Toro Rosso as Technical Director, replacing Giorgio Ascanelli.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satwant%20Pasricha | Satwant Pasricha is the head of Department of Clinical Psychology at NIMHANS, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences at Bangalore. She also worked for a time at the University of Virginia School of Medicine in the USA. Pasricha investigates reincarnation and near-death experiences. Pasricha co-authored the 2011 book Making sense of near-death experiences, which was Highly Commended in the Psychiatry category at the 2012 British Medical Association Book Awards.
Work
Pasricha has investigated and participated in about 500 cases of reincarnation involving children (referred to as subjects) since 1973 who claim to remember previous lives. She became interested in working in parapsychology because she was not satisfied with the conventional explanations of certain paranormal or unusual behavior.
Pasricha studies not just the characteristics of reincarnation prevalent in India, but also suggests ways they are similar or different from those of people in other countries. She collaborated with Ian Stevenson in reincarnation research beginning in the 1970s.
She joined NIMHANS (Deemed University) as a faculty in December 1980 as a lecturer in Clinical Parapsychology; and then was promoted to Assistant professor, Associate professor and Additional Professor of Clinical Psychology. She is also involved in clinical work such as patient care and teaching and research in the areas of her interest at NIMHANS.
Prof. Satwant Pasricha of the Maulana Azad Medical College appre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khintchine%20inequality | In mathematics, the Khintchine inequality, named after Aleksandr Khinchin and spelled in multiple ways in the Latin alphabet, is a theorem from probability, and is also frequently used in analysis. Heuristically, it says that if we pick complex numbers , and add them together each multiplied by a random sign , then the expected value of the sum's modulus, or the modulus it will be closest to on average, will be not too far off from .
Statement
Let be i.i.d. random variables
with for ,
i.e., a sequence with Rademacher distribution. Let and let . Then
for some constants depending only on (see Expected value for notation). The sharp values of the constants were found by Haagerup (Ref. 2; see Ref. 3 for a simpler proof). It is a simple matter to see that when , and when .
Haagerup found that
where and is the Gamma function.
One may note in particular that matches exactly the moments of a normal distribution.
Uses in analysis
The uses of this inequality are not limited to applications in probability theory. One example of its use in analysis is the following: if we let be a linear operator between two Lp spaces and , , with bounded norm , then one can use Khintchine's inequality to show that
for some constant depending only on and .
Generalizations
For the case of Rademacher random variables, Pawel Hitczenko showed that the sharpest version is:
where , and and are universal constants independent of .
Here we assume that the are non-negative and non |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20nanotechnology%20organizations | This is a list of organizations involved in nanotechnology.
Government
Brazil
Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory
China
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Canada
National Institute for Nanotechnology
Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
Europe
EU Seventh Framework Programme
Action Plan for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies 2005-2009
India
MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics lab (BITS Pilani, Hyderabad campus)
Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. (https://vit.ac.in/centers/cnr)
Institute of Nano Science and Technology, DST- GOI
Indian Nano-Biologist Association (https://www.inba.org.in/)
Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
National Chemical Laboratory
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
Institute of Nano Science and Technology
Center For Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
Center For Nano Science and Engineering, IISc http://www.cense.iisc.ac.in
Special Centre for Nano Sciences, JNU, New Delhi
Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, JMI, New Delhi
Department of Nano Science and Technology (TNAU), Coimbatore (https://www.tnaunanoagri.in/)
Department of Nanotechnology (University of Kashmir)
Iran
Iranian Nanotechnology Laboratory Network
Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC)
Irelan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchilla%20%28disambiguation%29 | A chinchilla is a fur-bearing mountain rodent native to South America.
Chinchilla may also refer to:
Fur
Chinchilla rabbit, three breeds whose coat resembles that of chinchillas
Chinchilla rat or chinchillones, of the family Abrocomidae
A fur color determined by cat genetics
People
Alfredo Chinchilla (born 1962), Costa Rica-born Norwegian judoka
Carlos Samayoa Chinchilla (1898–1973), Guatemalan writer
Édgar Chinchilla (born 1987), Guatemalan footballer
Laura Chinchilla (born 1959), President of Costa Rica
Marvin Chinchilla (born 1977), Costa Rican football player
Maya Chinchilla, Guatemalan-American poet
Óscar Chinchilla (born 1969), Guatemalan politician
Pablo Chinchilla (born 1978), Costa Rican footballer
Places
Australia
Chinchilla, Queensland, a town
Chinchilla Airport
Chinchilla Digger Statue, a heritage-listed memorial
Chinchilla railway station
Shire of Chinchilla, a former local government area
Spain
Chinchilla de Montearagón, a municipality in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
Castle of Chinchilla
Villar de Chinchilla, Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
United States
Chinchilla, Pennsylvania
Other uses
Chinchilla (band), a heavy metal band
Chinchillas (lava dome), Chile and Argentina
Chinchilla (cloth), a napped fabric
Chinchilla AI is a language model developed by DeepMind.
See also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20Bonn%20people | This is a list of University of Bonn people including people who have taught or studied at the University of Bonn
Nobel laureates
Reinhard Genzel – 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics
"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy"
Harald zur Hausen – 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
Reinhard Selten – 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics
"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
Wolfgang Paul – 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics
"for the development of the ion trap technique"
Luigi Pirandello – 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature
"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"
Otto Wallach – 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse – 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature
"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"
Philipp Lenard – 1905 Nobel Prize in Physics
"for his work on cathode rays"
Fields Medalists
Maryna Viazovska - 2022 Fields Medal
"for the proof that the E8 lattice provides the densest packing of identical spheres in 8 dimensions, and further contributions to related extremal problems and interpol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20loading | In fluid dynamics, disk loading or disc loading is the average pressure change across an actuator disk, such as an airscrew. Airscrews with a relatively low disk loading are typically called rotors, including helicopter main rotors and tail rotors; propellers typically have a higher disk loading. The V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft has a high disk loading relative to a helicopter in the hover mode, but a relatively low disk loading in fixed-wing mode compared to a turboprop aircraft.
Rotors
Disc loading of a hovering helicopter is the ratio of its weight to the
total main rotor disc area. It is determined by dividing
the total helicopter weight by the rotor disc area, which is the area swept by the blades of a rotor. Disc area can be found by using the span of one rotor blade as the radius of a circle and then determining the area the blades encompass during a complete rotation. When a helicopter is being maneuvered, its disc loading changes. The higher the loading, the more power needed to maintain rotor speed. A low disc loading is a direct indicator of high lift thrust efficiency.
Increasing the weight of a helicopter increases disk loading. For a given weight, a helicopter with shorter rotors will have higher disk loading, and will require more engine power to hover. A low disk loading improves autorotation performance in rotorcraft. Typically, an autogyro (or gyroplane) has a lower rotor disc loading than a helicopter, which provides a slower rate of descent in autorota |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Higham | Nicholas John Higham FRS (born 25 December 1961 in Salford) is a British numerical analyst. He is Royal Society Research Professor and Richardson Professor of Applied Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Manchester.
Education and career
Higham was educated at Eccles Grammar School, Eccles College, and the University of Manchester, from which he gained his B.Sc. in mathematics (1982), M.Sc. in Numerical Analysis and Computing (1983), and PhD in Numerical Analysis (1985). His PhD thesis was supervised by George Hall. He was appointed lecturer in mathematics at the University of Manchester in 1985, where he has been Richardson Professor Professor of Applied Mathematics since 1998.
In 1988–1989 he was Visiting Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Research
Higham is best known for his work on the accuracy and stability of numerical algorithms. He has more than 140 refereed publications on topics such as rounding error analysis, linear systems, least squares problems, matrix functions and nonlinear matrix equations, matrix nearness problems, condition number estimation, and generalized eigenvalue problems. He has contributed software to LAPACK and the NAG library, and has contributed code included in the MATLAB distribution.
Higham's books include Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation, (2008),Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Algorithms, Handbook of Writing for the Mathematical Sciences, and MAT |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism%20%28biology%29 | In the science of biology, a mechanism is a system of causally interacting parts and processes that produce one or more effects. Scientists explain phenomena by describing mechanisms that could produce the phenomena. For example, natural selection is a mechanism of biological evolution; other mechanisms of evolution include genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. In ecology, mechanisms such as predation and host-parasite interactions produce change in ecological systems. In practice, no description of a mechanism is ever complete because not all details of the parts and processes of a mechanism are fully known. For example, natural selection is a mechanism of evolution that includes countless, inter-individual interactions with other individuals, components, and processes of the environment in which natural selection operates.
Characterizations/ definitions
Many characterizations/definitions of mechanisms in the philosophy of science/biology have been provided in the past decades. For example, one influential characterization of neuro- and molecular biological mechanisms by Peter K. Machamer, Lindley Darden and Carl Craver is as follows: mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start to termination conditions. Other characterizations have been proposed by Stuart Glennan (1996, 2002), who articulates an interactionist account of mechanisms, and William Bechtel (1993, 2006), who emphasizes parts and operations.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20%28biology%29 | In evolutionary biology, function is the reason some object or process occurred in a system that evolved through natural selection. That reason is typically that it achieves some result, such as that chlorophyll helps to capture the energy of sunlight in photosynthesis. Hence, the organism that contains it is more likely to survive and reproduce, in other words the function increases the organism's fitness. A characteristic that assists in evolution is called an adaptation; other characteristics may be non-functional spandrels, though these in turn may later be co-opted by evolution to serve new functions.
In biology, function has been defined in many ways. In physiology, it is simply what an organ, tissue, cell or molecule does.
In the philosophy of biology, talk of function inevitably suggests some kind of teleological purpose, even though natural selection operates without any goal for the future. All the same, biologists often use teleological language as a shorthand for function. In contemporary philosophy of biology, there are three major accounts of function in the biological world: theories of causal role, selected effect, and goal contribution.
In pre-evolutionary biology
In physiology, a function is an activity or process carried out by a system in an organism, such as sensation or locomotion in an animal. This concept of function as opposed to form (respectively Aristotle's ergon and morphê) was central in biological explanations in classical antiquity. In mor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20potential%20approximation | The coherent potential approximation (or CPA) is a method, in physics, of finding the Green's function of an effective medium. It is a useful concept in understanding how sound waves scatter in a material which displays spatial inhomogeneity.
One version of the CPA is an extension to random materials of the muffin-tin approximation, used to calculate electronic band structure in solids. A variational implementation of the muffin-tin approximation to crystalline solids using Green's functions was suggested by Korringa and by Kohn and Rostoker, and is often referred to as the KKR method. For random materials, the theory is applied by the introduction of an ordered lattice of effective potentials to replace the varying potentials in the random material. This approach is called the KKR coherent potential approximation.
References
Further reading
Wave mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker%20degradation | The Marker degradation is a three-step synthetic route in steroid chemistry developed by American chemist Russell Earl Marker in 1938–1940. It is used for the production of cortisone and mammalian sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol, etc.) from plant steroids, and established Mexico as a world center for steroid production in the years immediately after World War II. The discovery of the Marker degradation allowed the production of substantial quantities of steroid hormones for the first time, and was fundamental in the development of the contraceptive pill and corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. In 1999, the American Chemical Society and the Sociedad Química de México named the route as an International Historic Chemical Landmark.
The first large-scale application of the route took place in 1943, when Russell Earl Marker collected 10 tons of yam tubers to synthesize of progesterone, which was the largest single amount of progesterone that had been produced by that time. That single batch had a value of US$240,000 (approximately $3 million in 2009) at the time it was synthesized.
The discovery of the Marker degradation led to the development of a fine chemical industry in Mexico which, starting from scratch and in less than ten years, supplied more than half the human sex hormones sold in the United States. The booming industry caused a huge expansion in chemical education in Mexico.
Early development
Marker's research at Pennsylvania State College (now Pennsylvania |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardson%20Professor%20of%20Applied%20Mathematics | The Richardson Chair of Applied Mathematics is an endowed professorial position in the School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, England. The chair was founded by an endowment of £3,600 from one John Richardson, in 1890. The endowment was originally used to support the Richardson Lectureship in Mathematics.
One holder of the Richardson Lectureship was John Edensor Littlewood (1907-1910). The position lapsed in 1918, but was resurrected as a lectureship in Pure Mathematics between 1935 and 1944. There was then a further hiatus until the establishment of the Richardson Chair of Applied Mathematics in 1998. The current holder (since 1998) is Nicholas Higham.
A complete list of Richardson Lecturers and Professors is as follows:
F. T. Swanwick (1891-1907) Lecturer in Mathematics
J. E. Littlewood (1907-1910) Lecturer in Mathematics
H. R. Hasse (1910-1912) Lecturer in Mathematics
W. D. Evans (1912-1918) Lecturer in Mathematics
W. N. Bailey (1935-1944) Lecturer in Pure Mathematics
N. J. Higham (1998- ) Professor of Applied Mathematics
The School of Mathematics has three other endowed chairs, the others being the Beyer Chair, the Fielden Chair of Pure Mathematics and the Sir Horace Lamb Chair.
References
Professorships in mathematics
Professorships at the University of Manchester
Mathematics education in the United Kingdom
1890 establishments in England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint%20Sprott | Julien Clinton Sprott (born 16 September 1942) is an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Biography
Clint Sprott was born on 16 September 1942 in Memphis, Tennessee. He earned his bachelor's degree from MIT in 1964 and his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1969. His professional interests are in experimental plasma physics and chaos theory.
In 1984, the University of Wisconsin–Madison began a program called The Wonders of Physics, which Sprott presented in a typical travelling showman style to audiences of all ages. The show has been presented on the Madison campus over 300 times to a total audience of over 100,000 over a period of 40 years. His shows are available freely as streaming video from his website.
He is author of several fundamental books on chaos, among which Chaos and Time-Series Analysis and Elegant Chaos.
Trivia
Clifford A. Pickover's website is hosted on Sprott's web server. In fact, Pickover considers Sprott to be one of "today's people" .
External links
Sprott's Gateway
Sprott's home page
The Wonders of Physics - with free streaming video
The Wonders of Physics videos on Google+.
Living people
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
1942 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings%20of%20minor%20planet%20names%3A%20152001%E2%80%93153000 |
152001–152100
|-id=067
| 152067 Deboy || || Christopher C. Deboy (born 1969) is a radio-frequency engineer at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, who served as the Radio Communications System Lead for the New Horizons mission to Pluto. ||
|}
152101–152200
|-id=146
| 152146 Rosenlappin || || Gary Rosenbaum (born 1952) and Terri Lappin (born 1961) have organized observing and outreach activities within the Tucson Amateur Astronomy Association for several decades ||
|-id=188
| 152188 Morricone || || Ennio Morricone (1928–2020), prolific Italian film composer ||
|}
152201–152300
|-id=217
| 152217 Akosipov || || Alexandr Kuzmich Osipov (1920–2004), research worker at the Astronomical Observatory of Kiev University ||
|-id=226
| 152226 Saracole || || Sara Loraine Cole (born 1969), American biologist and animal behaviorist ||
|-id=227
| 152227 Argoli || || Andrea Argoli (1570–1657), Paduan astronomer, mathematician and physician ||
|-id=233
| 152233 Van Till || || Howard J. Van Till (born 1938), physics professor at Calvin College from 1965 until 1997 ||
|-id=290
| 152290 Lorettaoberheim || || Loretta Oberheim (born 1954) and her efforts in healthcare services and charity involvement in the State of Delaware. ||
|-id=299
| 152299 Vanautgaerden || || Jan Vanautgaerden (born 1978), a passionate Belgian amateur astronomer. ||
|}
152301–152400
|-id=319
| 152319 Pynchon || || Thomas R. Pynchon Jr. (born 1937), an American novelist. || |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reports%20on%20Progress%20in%20Physics | Reports on Progress in Physics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing. The editor-in-chief as of 2022 is Subir Sachdev (Harvard University).
Scope
The focus of this journal is invited review articles covering all branches of physics. Each review will typically survey and critique a particular topic, or developments in a field. Introductions of articles are intended for a broad readership, beyond the specialist or expert. In addition to the traditional review article two other formats are available: Reports on Progress (about 20 pages) and Key Issues Reviews (about 10 pages).
Abstracting and indexing
Reports on Progress in Physics is abstracted and indexed in the following databases:
References
External links
IOP Publishing academic journals
Physics review journals
Academic journals established in 1934
Monthly journals
English-language journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss%20Mabry | Moss Mabry (July 5, 1918 – January 25, 2006) was an American costume designer.
Biography
He started off designing costumes for his high school plays, but actually studied mechanical engineering at the University of Florida. He later went to Hollywood to attend art school, eventually signing a contract with Warner Bros. Some of the films he worked on included Dial M for Murder and Them! (both 1954), The Manchurian Candidate and Mutiny on the Bounty (both 1962), The Silencers, Murderers' Row (both 1966), The Detective (1968), Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), The Shootist and King Kong (both 1976).
Mabry received four Academy Award nominations throughout his career: for Giant in 1956, What a Way to Go! in 1964, spy thriller Morituri in 1965 and The Way We Were in 1973.
One of his most iconic designs was the red jacket sported by James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause (1955). Mabry declared that his most difficult filmic assignment was the multiple costume changes required for Elizabeth Taylor in "Giant" (1956), which called for 42 changes of clothing.
In 1949, Mabry was on the Groucho Marx program "You Bet Your Life." He and his fellow contestant shared the grand prize of $2000.
References
External links
1918 births
2006 deaths
University of Florida alumni
Deaths from respiratory failure
American costume designers
People from Marianna, Florida |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Paldus | Josef Paldus, (born November 25, 1935 in Bzí, Czech Republic, died January 15, 2023 in Kitchener, Canada) was a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Applied Mathematics at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Josef Paldus became associate professor at the University of Waterloo after emigration to Canada from (former) Czechoslovakia in 1968. In 1975 he was promoted to full professor at this university, and he retired in 2001.
Paldus' research was mainly in the field of quantum chemistry and especially in the mathematical aspects of it. He is known for his collaborative work with Jiří Čížek on coupled cluster theory. Paldus and Čížek adapted the many-body coupled cluster method to many-electron systems, thus making it a viable method in the study of the electronic correlation that occurs in atoms and molecules.
Other well-known work by Paldus is the Unitary Group Approach. This approach regards the computation of Hamiltonian matrix elements over N-electron spin eigenstates that appear in electronic correlation problems.
Josef Paldus has (co)authored over 330 scientific papers.
Paldus possessed several doctoral degrees: In 1961 he received a PhD in Physical Chemistry at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. In 1995 he became DrSc at the Charles University in Prague. In June 2006 he became Dr.h.c. at the Comenius University in Bratislava and in June 2008 he was awarded the honorary degree Docteur Honoris Causa by the Université Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg, France.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamottin | Bergamottin (5-geranoxypsoralen) is a natural furanocoumarin found in the pulp of pomelos and grapefruits. It is also found in the peel and pulp of the bergamot orange, from which it was first isolated and from which its name is derived.
Chemistry
Bergamottin and dihydroxybergamottin are linear furanocoumarins functionalized with side chains derived from geraniol. They are inhibitors of some isoforms of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, in particular CYP3A4. This prevents oxidative metabolism of certain drugs by the enzyme, resulting in an elevated concentration of drug in the bloodstream.
Under normal circumstances, the grapefruit juice effect is considered to be a negative interaction, and patients are often warned not to consume grapefruit or its juice when taking medication. However, some current research is focused on the potential benefits of cytochrome P450 inhibition. Bergamottin, dihydroxybergamottin, or synthetic analogs may be developed as drugs that are targeted to increase the oral bioavailability of other drugs. Drugs that may have limited use because they are metabolized by CYP3A4 may become viable medications when taken with a CYP3A4 inhibitor because the dose required to achieve a necessary concentration in the blood would be lowered.
An example of the use of this effect in current medicines is the co-administration of ritonavir, a potent inhibitor of the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 isoforms of cytochrome P450, with other antiretroviral drugs. Although ritonavir inhib |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward%20Plummer | Earl Ward Plummer (October 30, 1940 – July 23, 2020) was an American physicist. His main contributions were in surface physics of metals. Plummer was a professor of physics at Louisiana State University and the University of Pennsylvania prior to that.
Biography
Plummer received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lewis & Clark College in 1962 and completed his Ph.D. degree in physics at Cornell University in 1967, working with Prof. Thor Rhodin.
His thesis work was on atomic binding of 5-d transition-metal atoms using Field ion microscope (FIM).
Plummer accepted a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at the National Bureau of Standards (now called The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)) in the fall of 1967 working with Russ Young, and he stayed as a staff scientist until the fall of 1973. His work included field electron emission and photoemission studies of surfaces. NIST selected his 1969 paper "Resonance Tunneling of Field-Emitted Electrons Through Adsorbates on Metal Surfaces", co-authored with J. W. Gadzuk and R. D. Young, for inclusion in the agency's centennial collection of its top 100 articles of the 20th century. This paper reported the first-ever single electron spectroscopy work in which electronic energy levels of atoms at the surface of a metal were observed.
In 1973, Plummer accepted a position in the Physics Department at the University of Pennsylvania
where his work mainly focused on angle-resolved photoemission, momentum-resolv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenary%20ring | In mathematics, a commutative ring R is catenary if for any pair of prime ideals p, q, any two strictly increasing chains
p = p0 ⊂ p1 ⊂ ... ⊂ pn = q
of prime ideals are contained in maximal strictly increasing chains from p to q of the same (finite) length. In a geometric situation, in which the dimension of an algebraic variety attached to a prime ideal will decrease as the prime ideal becomes bigger, the length of such a chain n is usually the difference in dimensions.
A ring is called universally catenary if all finitely generated algebras over it are catenary rings.
The word 'catenary' is derived from the Latin word catena, which means "chain".
There is the following chain of inclusions.
Dimension formula
Suppose that A is a Noetherian domain and B is a domain containing A that is finitely generated over A. If P is a prime ideal of B and p its intersection with A, then
The dimension formula for universally catenary rings says that equality holds if A is universally catenary. Here κ(P) is the residue field of P and tr.deg. means the transcendence degree (of quotient fields). In fact, when A is not universally catenary, but , then equality also holds.
Examples
Almost all Noetherian rings that appear in algebraic geometry are universally catenary.
In particular the following rings are universally catenary:
Complete Noetherian local rings
Dedekind domains (and fields)
Cohen-Macaulay rings (and regular local rings)
Any localization of a universally catenary ring
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20C.%20Shannon | Edward C. Shannon (June 24, 1870 – May 20, 1946) was the 15th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1931 to 1935.
Biography
Edward Caswell Shannon was born in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, on June 24, 1870, and grew up in Columbia, Pennsylvania. He studied metallurgical chemistry at Lehigh University and Lafayette College. He later completed a course in metallurgical chemistry in the laboratory of the Phoenix Iron Company, and then worked as a chemist and blast furnace superintendent in the iron and steel industries. In 1899 he married Maud Radcliffe Lucas (1877-1943). Shannon later worked as treasurer and general manager of Lucas Manufacturing, a clothes-making business in Columbia owned by his wife's family.
His military career began in 1889, when he enlisted in Company C, 4th Infantry Regiment, Pennsylvania National Guard. He advanced through the noncommissioned officer ranks and obtained a commission as a second lieutenant in 1893. He had attained the rank of captain and command of a company by the time he volunteered to serve in the Spanish–American War.
Shannon remained in the National Guard, and by 1915 had become commander of the 4th Infantry with the rank of colonel. He commanded his regiment on the Mexican border during the 1916 Pancho Villa Expedition. During World War I he continued in command of his regiment, which combined with other units and federalized as the 111th Infantry, 28th Division. During the war Shannon earned the nickname "Two Yard" bec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimsy | Mimsy may refer to:
Mimsy, a word introduced by Lewis Carroll in his poem "Jabberwocky"
Mimsy Were the Borogoves, a short story partly about the poem
a nanotechnology object from the future in The Last Mimzy, a 2007 science fiction film, based on the above short story
nickname of Merle Mimsy Farmer (born 1945), American actress
nickname of Margaret Mimsy Møller (born 1955), Norwegian press photographer
Mimsy, a fictional character in the TV series The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Mimsy, a fictional character in the episodes "Crippled Summer" and "Handicar" of the TV show South Park
Mimsy Laaz, a fictional character in the anime series Super Dimension Century Orguss
See also
Mimsie the Cat, the cat in the logo of MTM Enterprises |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMS%20%28hypertext%29 | KMS, an abbreviation of Knowledge Management System, was a commercial second generation hypermedia system, originally created as a successor for the early hypermedia system ZOG. KMS was developed by Don McCracken and Rob Akscyn of Knowledge Systems, a 1981 spinoff from the Computer Science Department of Carnegie Mellon University.
The purpose of KMS was to let many users collaborate in creating and sharing information within large, shared hypertext, and from the very beginning, the system was designed as a true multi-user system.
As a spatial hypermedia system, KMS was intended to represent all forms of explicit 'knowledge artifacts' such as presentations, documents, databases, and software programs, as well as common forms of electronic communication (electronic mail, community bulletin boards, blogs).
The central element in the KMS data model is that of screen-sized pages (called "frames") interconnected by links. The user had the option (at any time) of switching between a view of a single frame (good for large, landscape-oriented diagrams) or two side-by-side half-screen views (suitable for two portrait-sized pages).
Frames are always fixed-size, meaning scrolling is not needed. The frame model is spatial rather than character based, so that text, graphics and images may always be placed anywhere in the frame, even overlapping one another. Another way to say this is that empty space in the frame actually denotes space, not (as in many text editors) just the absence of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Bal | Henri Elle Bal (born 16 April 1958) is a professor of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam in the Netherlands. He is a well-known researcher in computer systems with a specialization in parallel computer systems, languages, and applications.
Education
Bal received his engineer's degree from the Delft University of Technology in mathematics cum laude in 1982. Shortly after graduating, he moved to the Vrije Universiteit where he began doing research on optimizing compilers in the Computer Systems group under the direction of Prof. Andrew Tanenbaum. This work was so promising that Tanenbaum encouraged Bal to become a PhD student in his group. Bal's PhD research led to the development of the Orca programming language, one of the first programming languages intended for large-scale cluster computers. Unlike most other parallel programming languages, Orca is based on the shared-data object model, which allows a group of computers to have the illusion that they share data objects in a common memory. Programs can operate on these objects as though they were local, even though the only copy may be stored on a different machine. The run-time system maintains this illusion by replicating data automatically as needed and maintaining consistency between the copies.
His PhD thesis, under Tanenbaum's supervision, was sufficiently influential that it was later published by Prentice-Hall as a book entitled Programming Distributed Systems.
Career
After getting his PhD degree |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey%20Yablonsky | Sergey Vsevolodovich Yablonsky (Russian: Серге́й Все́володович Ябло́нский, 6 December 1924 – 26 May 1998) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, one of the founders of the Soviet school of mathematical cybernetics and discrete mathematics. He is the author of a number of classic results on synthesis, reliability, and classification of control systems (), the term used in the USSR and Russia for a generalization of finite state automata, Boolean circuits and multi-valued logic circuits.
Yablonsky is credited for helping to overcome the pressure from Soviet ideologists against the term and the discipline of cybernetics and establishing what in the Soviet Union was called mathematical cybernetics as a separate field of mathematics. Yablonsky and his students were ones of the first in the world to raise the issues of potentially inherent unavoidability of the brute force search for some problems, the precursor of the P = NP problem, though Gödel's letter to von Neumann, dated 20 March 1956 and discovered in 1988, may have preceded them.
Biography
Childhood
Yablonsky was born in Moscow, to the family of a professor of mechanics. His mathematical talents became apparent in early age. In 1940 he became the winner of the sixth Moscow secondary school mathematical olympiad.
War
In August 1942, after completing his first year at Moscow State University's Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Yablonsky, then 17, went to serve in the Soviet Army, fighting in the second world war |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Field | Jeremy Field is a Professor of Evolutionary Biology at the University of Exeter. Prior to this, he was a senior lecturer in the Department of Biology at University College London between 1995 and 2007, and Professor of Evolutionary Biology at the University of Sussex from 2007 to 2016.
He completed his BA and PhD at Cambridge University, between 1982 and 1987, and went on to take up postdoctoral positions at various institutions including the University of York and Rice University, Houston, Texas.
His research group specialises in the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of social systems, using eusocial insects as models.
The team's current work involves large-scale, long-term projects, running over several years, modelling and micro-satellite based work to investigate gene-relatedness, and assign offspring to parents.
The organisms which his team works on most are wasp and bee species Halictus, the hover wasp, and Polistes, the paper wasp. Some papers have been published as a result of these studies, in Nature and Behavioral Ecology. He has also, more recently, been quoted and written about in short articles for the 'Metro' newspaper amongst others, after he named a species of hover wasp "hairy-faced".
He is also an associate editor of the scientific journal 'Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology'.
References
Academics of University College London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British ecologists
20th-century |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Integrative%20and%20Comparative%20Biology | The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology is organized to integrate the many fields of specialization which occur in the broad field of biology.
The society was formed in 1902 as the American Society of Zoologists, through the merger of two societies, the "Central Naturalists" and the "American Morphological Society" (founded in 1890). The Ecological Society of America split from it in 1915, and another society of geneticists also split from it in 1930. In 1996 the name was changed to the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.
The society publishes two scientific journals: the bimonthly journal Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Zoologist) and Evolution & Development. It is organized in a flexible structure with many lightweight divisions. As of 2014, it has approximately 3500 members.
References
External links
Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Biology societies
Zoological societies
Natural Science Collections Alliance members |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberwolfach | Oberwolfach () is a town in the district of Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the site of the Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics, or Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach.
Geography
Geographical situation
The town of Oberwolfach lies between 270 and 948 meters above sea level in the central Schwarzwald (Black Forest) on the river Wolf, a tributary of the Kinzig.
Neighbouring localities
The district is neighboured by Bad Peterstal-Griesbach to the north, Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach in Landkreis Freudenstadt to the east, by the towns of Wolfach and Hausach to the south, and by Oberharmersbach to the west.
References
External links
Gemeinde Oberwolfach: Official Homepage (in German)
Oberwolfach Mineral Museum
Ortenaukreis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterbach%2C%20Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg | Winterbach is a municipality in the district of Rems-Murr in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
Sons and daughters of the town
Werner Dilger (1942–2007), professor of computer science, Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the TU Chemnitz
Ingo J. Biermann (born 1978), director, filmmaker and producer, grew up In Winterbach from 1981 to 2000
Personalities who have worked locally
Giovane Élber (born 1972), former Brazil national football team, lived in Winterbach in the 1990s, when he played for VfB Stuttgart
Davie Selke, (* 1990), footballer, grew up in Winterbach
References
Rems-Murr-Kreis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind%20engineering | Wind engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics that analyzes the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage, inconvenience or benefits which may result from wind. In the field of engineering it includes strong winds, which may cause discomfort, as well as extreme winds, such as in a tornado, hurricane or heavy storm, which may cause widespread destruction. In the fields of wind energy and air pollution it also includes low and moderate winds as these are relevant to electricity production and dispersion of contaminants.
Wind engineering draws upon meteorology, fluid dynamics, mechanics, geographic information systems, and a number of specialist engineering disciplines, including aerodynamics and structural dynamics. The tools used include atmospheric models, atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels, and computational fluid dynamics models.
Wind engineering involves, among other topics:
Wind impact on structures (buildings, bridges, towers)
Wind comfort near buildings
Effects of wind on the ventilation system in a building
Wind climate for wind energy
Air pollution near buildings
Wind engineering may be considered by structural engineers to be closely related to earthquake engineering and explosion protection.
Some sports stadiums such as Candlestick Park and Arthur Ashe Stadium are known for their strong, sometimes swirly winds, which affect the playing cond |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers%20Corbyn | Piers Richard Corbyn (born 10 March 1947) is a British weather forecaster, anti-vaccine activist, conspiracy theorist, and former politician.
Born in Wiltshire, Corbyn was raised in Shropshire where he attended Adams' Grammar School. He was awarded a first class BSc degree in physics from Imperial College London in 1968 and a postgraduate MSc in astrophysics from Queen Mary College, University of London, in 1981. Corbyn was a member of the Labour Party and served as a councillor in the London Borough of Southwark from 1986 to 1990. He is the elder brother of former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn. He left Labour due to his opposition to the Iraq War.
Corbyn ran a weather monitoring company called WeatherAction in the 1990s and gained some prominence in the media for his predictions and, later more so, for his rejection of the scientific consensus on climate change.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, he was a prominent proponent of conspiracy theories. He described SARS-CoV-2 as a "hoax", frequently campaigned against lockdowns and against COVID-19 vaccines, and described COVID-19 vaccines as dangerous. Corbyn was arrested on several occasions for taking part in protests against public health laws, and for calling on supporters to commit violent acts against members of Parliament.
Early life and education
Piers Corbyn was born on 10 March 1947 in Chippenham, Wiltshire. He grew up at Yew Tree Manor in Pave Lane, in Newport, Shropshire, a 17th-century country house which w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Kreuzer | Martin Kreuzer (born 15 July 1962 in Ihrlerstein) is a German mathematics professor and chess player who holds the chess titles of International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster and FIDE Master.
Kreuzer did his graduate studies in mathematics at the University of Regensburg, located on the Danube River in Bavaria. After spending one year in the United States as a foreign exchange student at Brandeis University in Boston, he finished his diploma in Mathematics in Regensburg in 1986. Next came a post-doctoral fellowship at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, from 1989 to 1991, working in algebraic geometry with Professor Anthony Geramita. He then returned to Germany, worked as a scientific assistant at the University of Regensburg and gained his habilitation in Mathematics in 1997. After substituting for the chair of algebraic geometry at the University of Bayreuth in 2000–2001 and for the chair of algebra at Technical University of Dortmund from 2002 to 2007, he moved to Passau where he holds the chair of symbolic computation at the University of Passau. His main research interests are computer algebra, cryptography, computational commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, and their industrial applications.
Kreuzer's chess skills have earned him the FIDE Master title for over-the-board play. During his short stay in Canada, he finished fourth at the 1990 Open Canadian Chess Championship at Edmundston. Further notable over-the-board results include the prize for th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy%20category%20of%20chain%20complexes | In homological algebra in mathematics, the homotopy category K(A) of chain complexes in an additive category A is a framework for working with chain homotopies and homotopy equivalences. It lies intermediate between the category of chain complexes Kom(A) of A and the derived category D(A) of A when A is abelian; unlike the former it is a triangulated category, and unlike the latter its formation does not require that A is abelian. Philosophically, while D(A) turns into isomorphisms any maps of complexes that are quasi-isomorphisms in Kom(A), K(A) does so only for those that are quasi-isomorphisms for a "good reason", namely actually having an inverse up to homotopy equivalence. Thus, K(A) is more understandable than D(A).
Definitions
Let A be an additive category. The homotopy category K(A) is based on the following definition: if we have complexes A, B and maps f, g from A to B, a chain homotopy from f to g is a collection of maps (not a map of complexes) such that
or simply
This can be depicted as:
We also say that f and g are chain homotopic, or that is null-homotopic or homotopic to 0. It is clear from the definition that the maps of complexes which are null-homotopic form a group under addition.
The homotopy category of chain complexes K(A) is then defined as follows: its objects are the same as the objects of Kom(A), namely chain complexes. Its morphisms are "maps of complexes modulo homotopy": that is, we define an equivalence relation
if f is homotopic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics%20and%20abortion | The genetics and abortion issue is an extension of the abortion debate and the disability rights movement. Since the advent of forms of prenatal diagnosis, such as amniocentesis and ultrasound, it has become possible to detect the presence of congenital disorders in the fetus before birth. Specifically, disability-selective abortion is the abortion of fetuses that are found to have non-fatal mental or physical defects detected through prenatal testing. Many prenatal tests are now considered routine, such as testing for Down syndrome. Women who are discovered to be carrying fetuses with disabilities are often faced with the decision of whether to abort or to prepare to parent a child with disabilities.
Terminology
Genetic abnormalities can be detected at various stages of pregnancy. Preimplantation refers to the state of existing or occurring between the fertilization of an ovum and its implementation in the wall of the uterus. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is when one or both parents have a known genetic abnormality and testing is done on an embryo to determine if it also carries the genetic abnormality. Preimplantation is an IVF-specific practice. IVF, or in vitro fertilisation, is when mature eggs are collected from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab and then transferred to a uterus. Preimplantation genetic testing tests IVF embryos before pregnancy and Preimplantation genetic screening screens non-IVF embryos for aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is a chromosome mutation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdental%20plate | The interdental plate refers to the bone-filled mesial-distal region between the teeth. The word "interdental" is a combination of "inter" + "dental" (meaning "between the teeth") which originated in approximately 1870. In paleobiology, the presence or absence of the interdental plate can determine the place of an animal in the evolutionary scale, and paleontologists use the interdental plate when trying to classify a new specimen. Thecodont reptiles and theropod dinosaur fossils have an interdental plate, whereas acrodont reptiles such as Sphenodontia do not. Its presence in Archaeopteryx, an extinct avialan, resulted in the proposal of the dinosaur-bird connection.
The term can also be used to refer to a manufactured object designed to be placed or worn between the teeth. An example would be a dental prosthetic designed to prevent contact between the teeth while the wearer is sleeping. A 2004 patent relates to an apparatus designed to measure the pressure exerted by the tongue as a means of diagnosing ailments related to swallowing.
See also
Interdental consonant
Interdental lisp
Interdental woodstick
Unvoiced interdental fricative
Voiced interdental fricative
Voiceless interdental fricative
References
Vertebrate anatomy
Dental anatomy
Dinosaur anatomy
Human anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Fuller%20McDonald | Jesse Fuller McDonald (June 30, 1858February 25, 1942) was an American public official, civil engineer and surveyor, who served as the 16th governor of Colorado in 1905–07.
Biography
McDonald was born in Ashtabula, Ohio, on June 30, 1858. After completing his education in Ohio's public school system, he studied civil engineering and surveying. He moved to Leadville, Colorado, in 1879, and started his career in mining. Five years later, he formed a partnership with George M. Robinson, and became the owner of several lucrative mines, including the Harvard, Penrose and El Dorado.
McDonald entered politics as mayor of Leadville, a position he held from 1899 to 1905. He served in the Colorado State Senate in 1902, and as Colorado's lieutenant governor briefly on March 17, 1905. Alva Adams won the 1904 gubernatorial election, and took office in January 1905. However, the Republican candidate James H. Peabody contested the election, and the predominantly Republican legislature forced Governor Adams to step down. The office was allocated to Peabody, but on the condition he would immediately resign. Lieutenant Governor Jesse F. McDonald succeeded him, and in the span of one day Colorado had three different governors.
During McDonald's tenure, he advocated the protection of state lands, and personally appraised property guaranteeing the state would be granted a reasonable price. A law was enacted making it illegal for employees to picket and hinder workers who were trying to enter m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Engineering%20College | City Engineering College was started in 2001 by the Jayanagar Education Society. The college is located next to Gokulam apartments, Pipe Line Road, Vasanthapura, off Kanakapura Road, approximately 13 km from Majestic, Bangalore.
The college is the sister project of AMC Engineering College, Bangalore. It started a civil engineering branch in the 2011–12 academic year.
Students have got ranks both in B.E. and M.B.A. The college has a placement cell and is headed by Prof. Deepak. N. R. Placement training is managed by Triumphant Institute of Management Education and Indian Institute of Training and Management.
Staff
The principal is Dr. Ramamurthy. V. S With HOD(Head of department) of Civil Department Dr. Thippe Swamy. The HOD of CSE Department Dr. Sandhya. N. The Mechanical Department is headed by Dr. Karunakara. The Electronics Department is headed by Dr. Rajshekhar, HOD of Chemistry Dept., he also looks after student activities. The Physics Department is headed by Dr. K. Sujatha, and the Math Department is headed by Dr. Jyothi. P.
Student activities
The events are planned, organized and managed by the students themselves under supervision of Student Counsellers- from fund collecting drives to the final events. These include blood donation camps, cloth donation drives, and events conducted by the National Service Scheme.
Students publish the annual magazine Eternal Enigma.
The college conducts annual sports events, technical symposiums, cultural activities, photography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daresbury%20Laboratory | Daresbury Laboratory is a scientific research laboratory based at Sci-Tech Daresbury campus near Daresbury in Halton, Cheshire, England. The laboratory began operations in 1962 and was officially opened on 16 June 1967 as the Daresbury Nuclear Physics Laboratory by the then Prime Minister of United Kingdom, Harold Wilson. It was the second national laboratory established by the British National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science, following the Rutherford High Energy Laboratory (now Rutherford Appleton Laboratory). It is operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, part of UK Research and Innovation. As of 2018, it employs around 300 staff, with Paul Vernon appointed as director in November 2020, taking over from Professor Susan Smith who had been director from 2012.
Description
Daresbury Laboratory carries out research in fields such as accelerator science, bio-medicine, physics, chemistry, materials, engineering and computational science. Its facilities are used by scientists and engineers, from both the university research community and industrial research base. The laboratory is based at Sci-Tech Daresbury.
Facilities and research
Accelerator science, including the Cockcroft Institute which houses scientists from STFC, University of Manchester, University of Liverpool, University of Lancaster, and University of Strathclyde. Accelerator science facilities include:
VELA, an electron compact linear accelerator, based around an RF photocathode gun.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20ergodic%20theorem | The maximal ergodic theorem is a theorem in ergodic theory, a discipline within mathematics.
Suppose that is a probability space, that is a (possibly noninvertible) measure-preserving transformation, and that . Define by
Then the maximal ergodic theorem states that
for any λ ∈ R.
This theorem is used to prove the point-wise ergodic theorem.
References
.
Probability theorems
Ergodic theory
Theorems in dynamical systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg%20Lupanov | Oleg Borisovich Lupanov (; 2 June 1932 – 3 May 2006) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, dean of the Moscow State University's Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (1980–2006), head of the Chair of Discrete Mathematics of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (1981–2006).
Together with his graduate school advisor, Sergey Yablonsky, he is considered one of the founders of the Soviet school of Mathematical Cybernetics. In particular he authored pioneering works on synthesis and complexity of Boolean circuits, and of control systems in general (), the term used in the USSR and Russia for a generalization of finite state automata, Boolean circuits and multi-valued logic circuits.
Ingo Wegener, in his book The Complexity of Boolean Functions, credits O. B. Lupanov for coining the term Shannon effect in his 1970 paper, to refer to the fact that almost all Boolean functions have nearly the same circuit complexity as the hardest function.
O. B. Lupanov is best known for his (k, s)-Lupanov representation of Boolean functions that he used to devise an asymptotically optimal method of Boolean circuit synthesis, thus proving the asymptotically tight upper bound on Boolean circuit complexity:
Biography
O. B. Lupanov graduated from Moscow State University's Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics in 1955. He received his PhD in 1958 from the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and his Doctorate degree in 1963. He began teaching at Moscow State University in 1959 and became pro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Hutchinson | Doug Hutchinson is a former mayor of the city of Fort Collins, Colorado.
Early life and career
Born in Billings, Montana and raised in Fort Collins, Hutchinson graduated from Fort Collins High School and attended Colorado State University, earning a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1965. After graduation, Hutchinson served for over twenty years in the United States Air Force. During his time in the Air Force, he earned a master's degree in systems management from the University of Southern California in 1976. He retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1989 and then worked as a civilian Department of Defense employee before retiring to Fort Collins in 1999. Hutchinson and his late wife Cathy, have four children and twelve grandchildren.
Mayor of Fort Collins
After returning to Fort Collins, Hutchinson became involved in politics, and wrote a column on local government for the Fort Collins Coloradoan. Hutchinson ran for mayor in 2005, defeating city council member Bill Bertschy, Libertarian Mark Brophy, and high-school teacher Scott VanTatenhove. During his campaign, he was the beneficiary of support from the Fort Collins Chamber of Commerce in their first endeavor supporting local candidates. The Chamber of Commerce again endorsed Hutchinson during his 2007 campaign for re-election.
Part of a "pro-business" conservative ideological majority during his first two years leading Fort Collins City Council, Hutchinson has expressed a personal desire to maintain balance be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanosarcinaceae | In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinaceae are a family of the Methanosarcinales.
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Biochemistry
A notable trait of Methanosarcinaceae is that they are methanogens that incorporate the unusual amino acid pyrrolysine into their enzymes. The enzyme monomethylamine methyltransferase catalyzes the reaction of monomethylamine to methane. This enzyme includes pyrrolysine. The unusual amino acid is inserted using a unique tRNA, the anticodon of which is UAG. In most organisms, and in most Methanosarcinaceae proteins, UAG is a stop codon. However in this enzyme, and anywhere else pyrrolysine is incorporated, likely through contextual markers on the mRNA, the pyrrolysine-loaded tRNA is inserted instead of the release factor. They also have a unique aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to specifically load this tRNA with pyrrolysine. This unique adaptation is still the subject of significant study.
See also
List of Archaea genera
References
Further reading
Scientific journals
Scientific books
Scientific databases
External links
Archaea taxonomic families
Euryarchaeota |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admittance%20parameters | Admittance parameters or Y-parameters (the elements of an admittance matrix or Y-matrix) are properties used in many areas of electrical engineering, such as power, electronics, and telecommunications. These parameters are used to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. They are also used to describe the small-signal (linearized) response of non-linear networks. Y parameters are also known as short circuited admittance parameters. They are members of a family of similar parameters used in electronic engineering, other examples being: S-parameters, Z-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters or ABCD-parameters.
The Y-parameter matrix
A Y-parameter matrix describes the behaviour of any linear electrical network that can be regarded as a black box with a number of ports. A port in this context is a pair of electrical terminals carrying equal and opposite currents into and out of the network, and having a particular voltage between them. The Y-matrix gives no information about the behaviour of the network when the currents at any port are not balanced in this way (should this be possible), nor does it give any information about the voltage between terminals not belonging to the same port. Typically, it is intended that each external connection to the network is between the terminals of just one port, so that these limitations are appropriate.
For a generic multi-port network definition, it is assumed that each of the ports is allocated an integer ranging f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20D.%20McCaffrey | James D. McCaffrey is an American research software engineer at Microsoft Research known for his contributions to machine learning, combinatorics, and software test automation.
Education
McCaffrey earned a BA in experimental psychology from the University of California, Irvine, a B.A. in applied mathematics from California State University, Fullerton, an M.S. in computer science information systems from Hawaii Pacific University, and a Ph.D. in interdisciplinary computational statistics and cognitive psychology from the University of Southern California.
Career
Prior to joining Microsoft, McCaffrey was the Associate Vice President of Research at Volt Information Sciences in Redmond, Washington, supporting the needs of software engineers at Microsoft. He joined Microsoft as a software engineer in 2006 and worked on various Microsoft products, including Exchange Server, Azure, and Bing. He then became a research software engineer at Microsoft Research, where he directs the internal Microsoft AI School, focusing on creating machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. He is the Senior Technical Editor for Microsoft's Visual Studio Magazine.
His research at Microsoft primarily focuses on machine learning. His other research interests include combinatorics, especially when applied to human behavior such as sports betting and Blackjack Switch, as well as "software systems which have designs influenced by the behavior of biological systems such as swarm intelligence |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlash%20%28engineering%29 | In mechanical engineering, backlash, sometimes called lash, play, or slop, is a clearance or lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between the parts. It can be defined as "the maximum distance or angle through which any part of a mechanical system may be moved in one direction without applying appreciable force or motion to the next part in mechanical sequence."p. 1-8 An example, in the context of gears and gear trains, is the amount of clearance between mated gear teeth. It can be seen when the direction of movement is reversed and the slack or lost motion is taken up before the reversal of motion is complete. It can be heard from the railway couplings when a train reverses direction. Another example is in a valve train with mechanical tappets, where a certain range of lash is necessary for the valves to work properly.
Depending on the application, backlash may or may not be desirable. Some amount of backlash is unavoidable in nearly all reversing mechanical couplings, although its effects can be negated or compensated for. In many applications, the theoretical ideal would be zero backlash, but in actual practice some backlash must be allowed to prevent jamming. Reasons for specifying a requirement for backlash include allowing for lubrication, manufacturing errors, deflection under load, and thermal expansion. A principal cause of undesired backlash is wear.
Gears
Factors affecting the amount of backlash required in a gear train include errors in profile, pitch, toot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20of%20manifolds | In mathematics, the category of manifolds, often denoted Manp, is the category whose objects are manifolds of smoothness class Cp and whose morphisms are p-times continuously differentiable maps. This is a category because the composition of two Cp maps is again continuous and of class Cp.
One is often interested only in Cp-manifolds modeled on spaces in a fixed category A, and the category of such manifolds is denoted Manp(A). Similarly, the category of Cp-manifolds modeled on a fixed space E is denoted Manp(E).
One may also speak of the category of smooth manifolds, Man∞, or the category of analytic manifolds, Manω.
Manp is a concrete category
Like many categories, the category Manp is a concrete category, meaning its objects are sets with additional structure (i.e. a topology and an equivalence class of atlases of charts defining a Cp-differentiable structure) and its morphisms are functions preserving this structure. There is a natural forgetful functor
U : Manp → Top
to the category of topological spaces which assigns to each manifold the underlying topological space and to each p-times continuously differentiable function the underlying continuous function of topological spaces. Similarly, there is a natural forgetful functor
U′ : Manp → Set
to the category of sets which assigns to each manifold the underlying set and to each p-times continuously differentiable function the underlying function.
Pointed manifolds and the tangent space functor
It is often convenie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20Phase | Primary phase can refer to:
Materials science, see Liquidus temperature
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Primary and Secondary Phases, a radio series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory%20Mairanovsky | Grigory Moiseevich Mairanovsky (, 1899, Batumi – 1964) was a Soviet biochemist and poison developer.
Career
Mairanovsky was born to a Jewish family in Batumi in 1899.
Mairanovsky was the head of several secret laboratories in the Bach Institute of Biochemistry in Moscow (1928–1935). As the head of Laboratory No. 1 (1938–1946), he initiated the secret poison program conducted by the NKVD. He used political prisoners for experiments with poisons. His classified PhD thesis defended in 1940 was entitled "Biological activity of the products of interaction of mustard gas with [human] skin tissues".
Mairanovsky participated personally in political assassinations as a member of Pavel Sudoplatov's team in the 1940s, including assassination of Isaiah Oggins.
He was arrested as a part of the doctors' plot in 1951, in connection with the case of Viktor Abakumov, and spent 10 years in prison. After his release, he headed a biochemical laboratory in Makhachkala, Dagestan ASSR.
Legacy
He appears as a character in the Russian film Prediction by Eldar Ryazanov and has a tiny cameo mention in The Eighth Life, the prize-winning epic novel by Nino Haratischwili.
References
1899 births
1964 deaths
People from Batumi
People from Kutais Governorate
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
NKVD officers
Soviet biochemists
Soviet prisoners and detainees
Jews from Georgia (country)
Human subject research in Russia
Soviet Jews
Prisoners and detainees of the Soviet Union |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Beguin | Jean Beguin (1550–1620) was an iatrochemist noted for his 1610 Tyrocinium Chymicum (Begin Chemistry) (Digital edition), which many consider to be one of the first chemistry textbooks. In the 1615 edition of his textbook, Beguin made the first-ever chemical equation or rudimentary reaction diagrams, showing the results of reactions in which there are two or more reagents. Modern rendering of this famous diagram, detailing the reaction of corrosive sublimate (HgCl2) with sulfide of antimony (Sb2S3), is shown below:
See also
Timeline of chemistry
References
External links
Jean Beguin - Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography
1550 births
1620 deaths
17th-century French chemists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant-Q%20transform | In mathematics and signal processing, the constant-Q transform and variable-Q transform, simply known as CQT and VQT, transforms a data series to the frequency domain. It is related to the Fourier transform and very closely related to the complex Morlet wavelet transform. Its design is suited for musical representation.
The transform can be thought of as a series of filters fk, logarithmically spaced in frequency, with the k-th filter having a spectral width δfk equal to a multiple of the previous filter's width:
where δfk is the bandwidth of the k-th filter, fmin is the central frequency of the lowest filter, and n is the number of filters per octave.
Calculation
The short-time Fourier transform of x[n] for a frame shifted to sample m is calculated as follows:
Given a data series at sampling frequency fs = 1/T, T being the sampling period of our data, for each frequency bin we can define the following:
Filter width, δfk.
Q, the "quality factor":
This is shown below to be the integer number of cycles processed at a center frequency fk. As such, this somewhat defines the time complexity of the transform.
Window length for the k-th bin:
Since fs/fk is the number of samples processed per cycle at frequency fk, Q is the number of integer cycles processed at this central frequency.
The equivalent transform kernel can be found by using the following substitutions:
The window length of each bin is now a function of the bin number:
The relative power of each bin wil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20cone%20and%20polar%20cone | Dual cone and polar cone are closely related concepts in convex analysis, a branch of mathematics.
Dual cone
In a vector space
The dual cone C of a subset C in a linear space X over the reals, e.g. Euclidean space Rn, with dual space X is the set
where is the duality pairing between X and X, i.e. .
C is always a convex cone, even if C is neither convex nor a cone.
In a topological vector space
If X is a topological vector space over the real or complex numbers, then the dual cone of a subset C ⊆ X is the following set of continuous linear functionals on X:
,
which is the polar of the set -C.
No matter what C is, will be a convex cone.
If C ⊆ {0} then .
In a Hilbert space (internal dual cone)
Alternatively, many authors define the dual cone in the context of a real Hilbert space (such as Rn equipped with the Euclidean inner product) to be what is sometimes called the internal dual cone.
Using this latter definition for C, we have that when C is a cone, the following properties hold:
A non-zero vector y is in C if and only if both of the following conditions hold:
y is a normal at the origin of a hyperplane that supports C.
y and C lie on the same side of that supporting hyperplane.
C is closed and convex.
implies .
If C has nonempty interior, then C is pointed, i.e. C* contains no line in its entirety.
If C is a cone and the closure of C is pointed, then C has nonempty interior.
C is the closure of the smallest convex cone containing C (a consequence of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20mirror%20point | In astrophysics, a magnetic mirror point is a point where the motion of a charged particle trapped in a magnetic field (such as the (approximately) dipole field of the Earth) reverses its direction. More precisely, it is the point where the projection of the particle's velocity vector in the direction of the field vector is equal to zero.
Whenever charged particles from the sun hit Earth's magnetosphere, it is observed that the magnetic field of Earth reverses direction.
Since the forces that generate our magnetic field are constantly changing, the field itself is also in continual flux, its strength waxing and waning over time. This causes the location of Earth's magnetic north and south poles to gradually shift, and to even completely flip locations every 300,000 years or so.
See also
Magnetic mirror
L-shell
Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
List of artificial radiation belts
References
Astrophysics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20R.%20Partington | James Riddick Partington (30 June 1886 – 9 October 1965) was a British chemist and historian of chemistry who published multiple books and articles in scientific magazines. His most famous works were An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry (five volumes) and A History of Chemistry (four volumes), for which he received the Dexter Award and the George Sarton Medal.
Partington was a fellow and council member of the Chemical Society of London as well as the first president of the
Society for History of Alchemy and Early Chemistry when it was founded in 1937. The society founded the Partington Prize in his memory in 1975. He was president of the British Society for the History of Science from 1949 to 1951.
Biography
Early life and education
Partington was born on 30 June 1886 in the small village of Middle Hulton, south of Bolton, Lancashire. His mother, from whom he took his middle name, was a Scottish tailoress and his father was a book keeper. His family moved to Southport when he was young, allowing him to attend the Southport Science and Art School. In 1901 when he was 15, his family moved back to Bolton and Partington worked at several jobs before getting accepted into the University of Manchester in 1906. In Manchester, he attained a bachelor's degree in science followed by a master's degree in chemistry. While attending the University he was made a University Scholar and earned his teaching certificate. He was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Comm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgers%20vector | In materials science, the Burgers vector, named after Dutch physicist Jan Burgers, is a vector, often denoted as , that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion resulting from a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
The vector's magnitude and direction is best understood when the dislocation-bearing crystal structure is first visualized without the dislocation, that is, the perfect crystal structure. In this perfect crystal structure, a rectangle whose lengths and widths are integer multiples of (the unit cell edge length) is drawn encompassing the site of the original dislocation's origin. Once this encompassing rectangle is drawn, the dislocation can be introduced. This dislocation will have the effect of deforming, not only the perfect crystal structure, but the rectangle as well. The said rectangle could have one of its sides disjoined from the perpendicular side, severing the connection of the length and width line segments of the rectangle at one of the rectangle's corners, and displacing each line segment from each other. What was once a rectangle before the dislocation was introduced is now an open geometric figure, whose opening defines the direction and magnitude of the Burgers vector. Specifically, the breadth of the opening defines the magnitude of the Burgers vector, and, when a set of fixed coordinates is introduced, an angle between the termini of the dislocated rectangle's length line segment and width line segment may be specified.
When |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Diesendorf | Mark Diesendorf is an Australian academic and environmentalist, known for his work in sustainable development and renewable energy. He currently teaches environmental studies at the University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia. He was formerly professor of environmental science and founding director of the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology, Sydney and before that a principal research scientist with CSIRO, where he was involved in early research on integrating wind power into electricity grids. His most recent book is Sustainable Energy Solutions for Climate Change.
Biography
Diesendorf is the son of the engineer Walter Diesendorf and the poet Margaret Diesendorf. His PhD research was focused on applied mathematics and theoretical physics applied to the solar interior. His early postdoctoral research was diverse, including the analysis of ground and satellite data on VLF emissions, mechanisms of insect smell and vision, and biological catalysts. From 1975 to 1985 he worked in the CSIRO Division of Mathematics & Statistics, the Australian national research organisation, on topics such as the integration of wind power into electricity grids. He became a principal research scientist and leader of the Applied Mathematics group in CSIRO. He left CSIRO in 1985 after the organisation had terminated all research on renewable energy. From 1996 to 2001 he was Professor of Environmental Science and Founding Director of the Institute for Sust |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20E.%20Martell | Arthur E. Martell (October 18, 1916 – October 15, 2003) was a distinguished professor of chemistry at Texas A&M University and award-winning researcher in the field of inorganic chemistry.
His research centered on metal chelate compounds, macrocyclic complexes and cryptates.
Education
Martell was born October 18, 1916, in Natick, Massachusetts. He earned his undergraduate degree in chemistry in 1938 from Worcester Polytechnic Institute before receiving his Ph.D. from New York University.
Career
After completing his doctorate, Martell returned his alma mater WPI as an instructor in the department of chemistry. He later served as chair of the chemistry departments at Clark University and the Illinois Institute of Technology.
In 1966, Martell joined the faculty of Texas A&M University, serving as the head of the department of chemistry until 1980. He was hired specifically to transform the A&M chemistry department into one of national prominence. By the end of his term as department head, he had expanded the faculty by thirty to fifty-five tenure-track professionals and attracted many well-known researchers, including F. Albert Cotton to the department. The number of undergraduate chemistry majors tripled, and the number of graduate students quadrupled.
While leading the department of chemistry, Martell also led a highly productive research group. The group designed new ligands for complexation of iron and aluminium, technology that was used to treat patients with iro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RobotFest | Also called the "Day of Playful Invention", Robot fest "is an annual event for anyone interested in the creative use of technology" to promote science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). It takes place at the National Electronics Museum in Linthicum, Maryland and entry is donation based.
This year's Robot Fest will occur in April 2021 and include exhibitors such as The Art Institute of Washington, MakerBot Industries and Lego. 2020 saw no event.
References
External links
FIRST Robotics Wiki
Supporting teams for competition
National Electronics Museum
Festivals in Maryland
Maryland culture
Robotics events
Tourist attractions in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Recurring events established in 2000
2000 establishments in Maryland
Annual events in Maryland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Arnowitt | Richard Lewis Arnowitt (May 3, 1928 – June 12, 2014) was an American physicist known for his contributions to theoretical particle physics and to general relativity.
Arnowitt was a Distinguished Professor (Emeritus) at Texas A&M University, where he was a member of the Department of Physics.
His research interests were centered on supersymmetry and supergravity, from phenomenology (namely how to find evidence for supersymmetry at current and planned particle accelerators or in the guise of dark matter) to more theoretical questions of string and M theory.
In the context of general relativity, he was best known for his development (with Stanley Deser and Charles Misner) of the ADM formalism, roughly speaking a way of describing spacetime as space evolving in time, which allows a recasting of Einstein's theory in terms of a more general formalism used in physics to describe dynamical systems, namely the Hamiltonian formalism. In the framework of that formalism, there is also a straightforward way to globally define quantities like energy or, equivalently, mass (so-called ADM mass/energy) which, in general relativity, is not trivial at all.
Arnowitt was also known for his work (with Ali Chamseddine and Pran Nath) which developed the theory of supergravity grand unification (with gravity mediated breaking). This work allowed for the unification of the three forces of microscopic physics at a very high mass scale (a result subsequently indirectly verified at the CERN LEP accel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidirectional%20map | In computer science, a bidirectional map is an associative data structure in which the pairs form a one-to-one correspondence. Thus the binary relation is functional in each direction: each can also be mapped to a unique . A pair thus provides a unique coupling between and so that can be found when is used as a key and can be found when is used as a key.
Mathematically, a bidirectional map can be defined a bijection between two different sets of keys and of equal cardinality, thus constituting an injective and surjective function:
External links
Boost.org
Commons.apache.org
Cablemodem.fibertel.com.ar (archived version)
Codeproject.com
BiMap in the Google Guava library
bidict (bidirectional map implementation for Python)
Associative arrays |
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