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aP2 (adipocyte Protein 2) is a carrier protein for fatty acids that is primarily expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. aP2 is also called fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Blocking this protein either through genetic engineering or drugs has the possibility of treating heart disease and the metabolic syndrome.
See also
Fatty acid-binding protein
References
External links
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Mouse Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte
Proteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocyte%20protein%202 |
In theoretical physics, Whitehead's theory of gravitation was introduced by the mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in 1922. While never broadly accepted, at one time it was a scientifically plausible alternative to general relativity. However, after further experimental and theoretical consideration, the theory is now generally regarded as obsolete.
Principal features
Whitehead developed his theory of gravitation by considering how the world line of a particle is affected by those of nearby particles. He arrived at an expression for what he called the "potential impetus" of one particle due to another, which modified Newton's law of universal gravitation by including a time delay for the propagation of gravitational influences. Whitehead's formula for the potential impetus involves the Minkowski metric, which is used to determine which events are causally related and to calculate how gravitational influences are delayed by distance. The potential impetus calculated by means of the Minkowski metric is then used to compute a physical spacetime metric , and the motion of a test particle is given by a geodesic with respect to the metric . Unlike the Einstein field equations, Whitehead's theory is linear, in that the superposition of two solutions is again a solution. This implies that Einstein's and Whitehead's theories will generally make different predictions when more than two massive bodies are involved.
Following the notation of Chiang and Hamity
, introduce a Minkowski spacetime with metric tensor , where the indices run from 0 through 3, and let the masses of a set of gravitating particles be .
The Minkowski arc length of particle is denoted by . Consider an event with co-ordinates . A retarded event with co-ordinates on the world-line of particle is defined by the relations . The unit tangent vector at is . We also need the invariants . Then, a gravitational tensor potential is defined by
where
It is the metric that appears in the geodesic equation.
Experimental tests
Whitehead's theory is equivalent with the Schwarzschild metric and makes the same predictions as general relativity regarding the four classical solar system tests (gravitational red shift, light bending, perihelion shift, Shapiro time delay), and was regarded as a viable competitor of general relativity for several decades. In 1971, Will argued that Whitehead's theory predicts a periodic variation in local gravitational acceleration 200 times longer than the bound established by experiment. Misner, Thorne and Wheeler's textbook Gravitation states that Will demonstrated "Whitehead's theory predicts a time-dependence for the ebb and flow of ocean tides that is completely contradicted by everyday experience".
Fowler argued that different tidal predictions can be obtained by a more realistic model of the galaxy. Reinhardt and Rosenblum claimed that the disproof of Whitehead's theory by tidal effects was "unsubstantiated". Chiang and Hamity argued that Reinhardt and Rosenblum's approach "does not provide a unique space-time geometry for a general gravitation system", and they confirmed Will's calculations by a different method. In 1989, a modification of Whitehead's theory was proposed that eliminated the unobserved sidereal tide effects. However, the modified theory did not allow the existence of black holes.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar wrote, "Whitehead's philosophical acumen has not served him well in his criticisms of Einstein."
Philosophical disputes
Clifford M. Will argued that Whitehead's theory features a prior geometry. Under Will's presentation (which was inspired by John Lighton Synge's interpretation of the theory), Whitehead's theory has the curious feature that electromagnetic waves propagate along null geodesics of the physical spacetime (as defined by the metric determined from geometrical measurements and timing experiments), while gravitational waves propagate along null geodesics of a flat background represented by the metric tensor of Minkowski spacetime. The gravitational potential can be expressed entirely in terms of waves retarded along the background metric, like the Liénard–Wiechert potential in electromagnetic theory.
A cosmological constant can be introduced by changing the background metric to a de Sitter or anti-de Sitter metric. This was first suggested by G. Temple in 1923. Temple's suggestions on how to do this were criticized by C. B. Rayner in 1955.
Will's work was disputed by Dean R. Fowler, who argued that Will's presentation of Whitehead's theory contradicts Whitehead's philosophy of nature. For Whitehead, the geometric structure of nature grows out of the relations among what he termed "actual occasions". Fowler claimed that a philosophically consistent interpretation of Whitehead's theory makes it an alternate, mathematically equivalent, presentation of general relativity. In turn, Jonathan Bain argued that Fowler's criticism of Will was in error.
See also
Classical theories of gravitation
Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates
References
Further reading
Alfred North Whitehead
Obsolete theories in physics
Theories of gravity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead%27s%20theory%20of%20gravitation |
Phil Farrand (born November 5, 1958) is an American computer programmer and consultant, webmaster and author. He is known for his Nitpicker's Guides, in which he nitpicks plot holes and continuity errors in the various Star Trek television programs and movies, and for the creation of Nitcentral, a website devoted to the same activity. Subsequent to his Nitpicker's Guides, he has ventured into fiction as a novelist.
Early life
Farrand was born in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, and grew up in the Philippines, where his parents were missionaries for Assemblies of God. He first became interested in the original Star Trek as a child. After returning to the United States, Farrand earned bachelor's degrees in piano performance and music composition.
Career
Music
Farrand worked as a music editor, but became frustrated with working with music printed on paper, and worked for two years on a notation package for the Apple II series of computers, which later became Polywriter. Later, working with Coda Music Technology, Farrand created an award-winning, high-end desktop publishing software package for music notation called Finale. Now owned by MakeMusic, Finale won Best Book/Video/Software at the 2015 Music & Sound Awards and has been used to score films such as Million Dollar Baby, The Aviator, Spider-Man 2, Sideways, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, The Passion of the Christ, Ratatouille, and Michael Clayton.
As a nitpicker
Farrand first became a Star Trek nitpicker when watching a scene in the 1990 Star Trek: The Next Generation episode The Offspring. In the scene, the character Wesley Crusher speaks to his mother, Dr. Beverly Crusher using his communicator badge. After responding to Dr. Crusher's reminder to get a haircut, Wesley utters a sarcastic remark, but without tapping his comm badge to terminate the connection, leading Farrand to wonder if Dr. Crusher heard the remark. This sparked a spirited discussion between Farrand and his Trekker friend as to how the communicators worked, and the inconsistencies in their depicted usage in the series.
In 1990, Farrand decided to try writing fiction, but could not find anyone to read his work. Because the only agent willing to represent him dealt only with nonfiction works, Farrand decided to attempt writing nonfiction in order to develop a reputation on which a career writing fiction could be based. A book producer liked Farrand's idea for a Next Generation nitpicker's guide, and so Farrand spent two years conducting careful analysis of the first six seasons of that series, spending eight to nine hours a day for months watching each episode multiple times, composing a tongue-in-cheek analysis of the plot holes, continuity errors and other trivia in the series. In 1993 Dell Publishing published the first guide, The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers. By 1994 nearly 800,000 copies had been sold, and four printings published. From 1994 to 1997, similar guides followed annually, including Guides for Star Trek: The Original Series, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and The X-Files, along with a second Next Generation volume. Watching the episodes and movies of each series in order to compile each Guide took about seven months, leaving Farrand five months out of the year to learn how to write fiction. Although exhaustive in their attention to detail, the Guides were not intended as critiques of the series' episodes or movies, but lighthearted musings that Farrand explained with the philosophy, "All nitpickers shall perform their duties with lightheartedness and good cheer," explaining that nitpicking should be about having fun with one's favorite television shows, not pointing fingers and assigning blame.
Farrand solicited submissions from readers, who then became members of the "Nitpicker's Guild." He began sending out newsletters in 1994 in order to keep in touch with the Guild, beginning with the April 1994 edition. The Guild numbered 7,450 members from 32 countries as of May 28, 1999. Farrand decided to create an online version of the newsletter called Nitpicker Central, or Nitcentral; this took the form of an HTML feature called "This Week at Nitcentral", and debuted in November 1997. The hardcopy version of the newsletter also continued, with a total of 17 issues published intermittently, ceasing with issue dated October 1998, which coincided with the creation of Nitcentral's message boards, using free Discus software. Farrand was Nitcentral's first and sole moderator at first, with the site covering only four topics, the live action Star Trek television programs that had been produced up to then: Star Trek: The Original Series, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek: Voyager. By June 2009, the topics listed on the main Topics page numbered 89.
Farrand planned to release a Nitpicker's Guide for Star Wars in April 1999, one month before Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, but publishers became wary of publishing media tie-in products as a result copyright infringement lawsuits brought against similar products. Although the lawsuits did not name Farrand's Guides as an example — and in fact, even cited the Guides used as an example of what was legal — Del Rey ceased publishing Farrand's Guides, leaving Nitcentral as the sole ongoing outlet for the Guild. As the site expanded, Farrand assigned dozens of moderators to oversee the site's various topics. Although Farrand has since stepped down as a moderator of day-to-day activities, he remains the ultimate authority on the site and will step in occasionally to resolve matters of severe conflict among visitors and moderators, who refer to him as "The Chief".
Church work
Following the cancellation of the Guides, Farrand returned to the computer consulting industry, hoping to begin writing his first novel in his free time. Those plans changed when his wife Lynette, who had served as music minister at their church for 16 years, decided to take a two-year break. Farrand, a devout Christian who mentions Jesus Christ in the acknowledgments of all his books, agreed to serve as interim music minister; combined with his consultation job, this consumed all of his time, and he worked seven days a week. He eventually stepped down as music minister on September 28, 2003.
As a novelist
Farrand's initial attempts to publish through a small publisher in August 2003 were not fruitful, and he ultimately decided to self-publish through on-demand publisher Xlibris. His novel The Son, the Wind and the Reign was published in 2004. It depicts a world in which Jesus Christ and his followers have returned to Earth to rule with an iron rod for a thousand years. Twenty years into the new rule, a resistance fighter named Avery Foster decides to confront the new rulers, including Judge Thomas Stone, whose brutal interpretations of the new law have oppressed anyone daring to rebel. Farrand wrote the novel in part to explore the question of how one can distinguish between the divine and extraterrestrials, and added a topic to Nitcentral for discussion of the novel.
In 2007, Farrand published Grumpy Old Prophets: A Christmas Fable for Adults. He also began a new Internet provider venture called Zarks, providing high-speed Internet access to the rural areas in and around Greene County, Missouri.
Personal life
Farrand lives with his wife Lynette and his daughter Elizabeth in Springfield, Missouri.
Books
Nitpicker's Guides
The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers (1993)
The Nitpicker's Guide for Classic Trekkers (1994)
The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers, Volume II (1995)
Nitpicker's Fun & Games for Next Generation Trekkers (1995)
The Nitpicker's Guide for Deep Space Nine Trekkers (1996)
The Nitpicker's Guide for X-Philes (1997)
On audio cassette
The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers Part 3
Fiction
The Son, the Wind and the Reign
Grumpy Old Prophets: A Christmas Fable for Adults
Windfall: The 99 and 1: The Conviction Opus, Part One (2014)
Windfall: Broadcast: The Conviction Opus, Part Two (2015)
Windfall: The Strait Gate: The Conviction Opus, Part Three (2015)
Non-fiction
Still Whispers: Meditations To Help You Calm The Atmosphere Of Your Life And Find Abundance (2008)
References
External links
Nitpicker Central
1958 births
American Christians
American Christian writers
American expatriates in the Philippines
Christian novelists
Living people
People in information technology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Farrand |
Kaicheng () is a town of Shou County in southeastern Anhui province, China, located approximately halfway between Chao Lake and the Yangtze River. It has 2 residential communities () and 8 villages under its administration.
References
Towns in Anhui | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaicheng%2C%20Anhui |
WNCF (channel 32), branded on-air as ABC 32, is a television station in Montgomery, Alabama, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by SagamoreHill Broadcasting, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Bahakel Communications, owner of Selma-licensed CBS affiliate WAKA (channel 8) and Tuskegee-licensed CW+ affiliate WBMM (channel 22), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios on Harrison Road in north Montgomery, while WNCF's transmitter is located in Gordonville, Alabama.
History
Construction and Bahakel ownership
The First Alabama Corporation—a sister company to the First Carolina Corporation, responsible for building WCCA-TV in Columbia, South Carolina—was granted a construction permit on July 26, 1961, for a new television station on channel 32 in Montgomery. The call letters WCCB-TV were selected, and construction began in December 1961.
WCCB-TV began telecasting on March 24, 1962—even though a $10,000 vacuum tube in the transmitter facility had blown less than a week prior. It brought full-time ABC programming to Montgomery for the first time; previously, the network's programs were split between WSFA-TV and WCOV-TV. However, First Carolina and its related companies—which had built WCCA-TV, WCCB-TV, and WCIV in Charleston, South Carolina—fell into financial trouble. It attempted to sell channel 32 to a group led by Winn-Dixie executive vice president Tine W. Davis in October 1962, but no deal materialized; neither did proposals to "deintermix" Montgomery by moving WSFA to the UHF band. On February 15, 1963, the station shut down and went silent pending financial reorganization. Some of the equipment, having been purchased from General Electric on a conditional sales contract, was then removed.
First Alabama filed for bankruptcy; that August, bankruptcy court approved a sale of channel 32 and the transfer of its license from a receiver to Bahakel Communications, headed by Cy Bahakel (a native Alabamian). The FCC approved the transaction at the end of January 1964, and channel 32 returned to air as WKAB-TV on March 12. (The new call sign stood for "Kassner and Bahakel", referring to Bahakel's engineering partner and close friend Don Kassner; Bahakel recycled the designation for use at another UHF station he purchased that year in Charlotte, North Carolina.) ABC programs returned to channel 32 from WSFA and WCOV, which had picked up some network programs in the interim.
In 1968, the FCC approved a power increase from 180,000 watts to more than 800,000. Without a power increase, a new antenna installed in 1982 also improved the picture broadcast by WKAB-TV.
Buy 8, sell 32
In 1984, WSLA, then a low-powered CBS affiliate in Selma, was approved for a major upgrade of its transmitter facility (activated in 1985) that would allow it to cover the Montgomery area—a concept long opposed by WCOV and WKAB, the two UHF stations in Montgomery. It changed its call letters to WAKA in advance of the move. That November, Bahakel announced it intended to buy WAKA and sell off WKAB to do so. The Bahakel acquisition immediately sparked speculation about a potential affiliation shuffle in the Montgomery market, with rumors of ABC making the move to WAKA. This did not occur. When Bahakel reached a $10 million deal to sell to Washington, D.C.-based Terrapin Communications Corporation, the company included a clause that prevented WAKA from switching to ABC within three years of the sale. The Terrapin name in the seller indicated the Maryland roots of the firm's largest shareholder, former U.S. senator Joseph Tydings.
Frey Communications acquired WKAB-TV from Terrapin in 1988 and embarked on a $2.5 million project to build a new, tower in Lowndes County, which would give channel 32 an over-the-air signal in Selma for the first time ever. In advance of the commissioning of the new mast, the call letters were changed to WHOA-TV, for "We're the Heart of Alabama", in August 1989, a change cited by management as a "fresh start" for channel 32. The fresh start, however, had turned sour by 1992, when the station filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization; the largest creditor, Concord Commercial Corporation, was owed $8.3 million, and most of the money owing consisted of payments for programming. In 1993, bankruptcy court approved a reorganization plan that conveyed substantially all of channel 32's assets to Concord, which Frey would then lease back.
Two years later, Ventura Entertainment Group and its affiliate Soundview Media Investments acquired WHOA-TV with an eye to creating a new station group. Soundview, however, held on to the station for less than a year. Deciding that further improvements to channel 32 required more capital than it had available, the company opted to sell it to Park Communications; the $6 million deal included all of the related assets except the tower. Later that same year, Park was purchased by Media General.
WNCF
Media General was not particularly thrilled to have bought WHOA-TV in the Park acquisition; Jim Zimmerman, president of the company's broadcast division, told the Montgomery Advertiser that he would not have purchased it on a standalone basis. In 1998, Media General proceeded to put WHOA-TV up for sale. The next year, the station was sold for $8 million to a firm known as Broadcast Media Group LLC, controlled by John Kendrick.
Kendrick wasted little time making major changes in the news department. After May 31, 1999, the station suspended its local news service and fired nearly 20 staffers. The call letters were changed in July to WNCF ahead of the relaunch of local news that November.
SagamoreHill Broadcasting acquired WNCF in 2004. It then acquired WBMM in 2006 under a failing station waiver. In 2011, Bahakel acquired WBMM and immediately entered into a shared services agreement to provide WNCF with sales, production, and technical services; the WNCF facility on Harrison Road was chosen to house all three stations' operations and be upgraded to support high-definition production. Bahakel had continued to own the channel 32 building after the 1985 sale of WKAB, and the site offered more room for expansion than WAKA's previous studios close to downtown.
In September 2012, WNCF increased its power from 50 kW to 720 kW from space on WAKA's tower in Gordonville. This new location was only from the old WNCF tower, which had come under the ownership of a tower company after Soundview sold WHOA in 1996 but held on to the mast.
News operation
Compared with the area's other television stations (WSFA, WCOV, and WAKA), WNCF has never had much success operating a news department of its own. Under Bahakel, in 1978, the station put emphasis into growing its newsroom, but a lack of response by viewers led the station to trim back to news updates and drop its 30-minute early evening newscast in 1982. Under Terrapin, the station started again with a 6 p.m. newscast in 1986. After WCOV—which had been stripped of its CBS affiliation in the wake of WAKA's move-in to Montgomery—scrapped local news, WKAB added a 5 p.m. edition. The 6 p.m. program was ultimately dropped and not reinstated until 1997.
Broadcast Media Group scrapped the existing news operation on May 31, 1999, and it set out to build a new one, which debuted that November. The new "ABC 32 News" was helmed by Bob Howell, a longtime anchor for WSFA who had left that station in 1998. However, ratings out of the gate were poor; channel 32, which was already rating behind WCOV while airing Living Single reruns in November 1998, lost more than half its audience with its new late newscast in place. After three and a half years, the news operation was scrapped in July 2003, with the only remaining news presence being news cut-ins during Good Morning America; one staffer and former WSFA-TV editorial reader said of competing against his former employer, "You can't compete with the 800-pound gorilla".
SagamoreHill made a fourth attempt at a news service for channel 32. In August 2005, WNCF partnered with the Independent News Network (INN), a company that produced local newscasts for stations across the United States from its studios in Davenport, Iowa, to start weekday local news and weather updates. Included in the outsourcing agreement were cut-ins during Good Morning America and a 10-minute newscast at 10 p.m., known as ABC 32 News 10 at Ten. Two reporters in Montgomery contributed local news stories that were read by the Iowa-based presenting team. In 2010, WNCF expanded its partnership with INN to produce a full-length 10 p.m. newscast and a 9 p.m. newscast for WBMM, which had previously aired a program produced by WAKA.
WNCF and WAKA officially debuted their combined local news operation—known as the Alabama News Network—on February 2, 2013, replacing the INN news on WNCF. The two stations simulcast weekday morning, 10 p.m., and weekend newscasts, with WNCF-exclusive newscasts at 5:30 p.m.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
WNCF shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 32, on April 20, 2009. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 51 to channel 32.
References
External links
Bahakel Communications
SagamoreHill Broadcasting
Television channels and stations established in 1962
NCF
ABC network affiliates
1962 establishments in Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNCF |
Johann Baptist von Keller (16 May 1774 – 17 October 1845) was a German Catholic priest from Salem. He served as the first Bishop of Rottenburg.
Keller was consecrated a priest in 1797 and was called to Württemberg in 1808. In 1816, he was made Auxiliary Bishop of Augsburg and Titular Bishop of Evaria by Pope Pius VII. This consecration was done by the Pope himself.
Keller became the Vicar General of Rottenburg in 1819. The Diocese of Rottenburg was created in 1821, and Keller was made its first bishop in 1828. He died in 1845 in Schrozberg.
References
1774 births
1845 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Rottenburg
Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords
Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Deputies
People from Bodenseekreis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Baptist%20von%20Keller |
The Dnipro Metro () is a single-line rapid transit system that serves the city of Dnipro, the fourth largest city in Ukraine by population. The metro was the third system constructed in Ukraine, after the Kyiv and Kharkiv metro systems, respectively, when it opened on December 29, 1995. The metro was the fourteenth built in the former Soviet Union region, and the first to open after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The Dnipro Metro consists of one line and just 6 stations, making it one of the smallest metro systems in the world. The line starts at station, near the city's central railway station in the east and ends at station in the western part of the city. The system is open from 05:30 to 23:00. Ridership on the metro has steadily declined since its opening in 1995. In 2013, the metro carried 7.51 million passengers compared to 18.2 million in 1995. Initially, the metro trains carried five train cars each, but as the passenger ridership declined, the number of cars was reduced to three. The price for a single ride is currently ₴8; either plastic tokens or transit cards are used at the entrance gates.
Current expansion plans are projected to increase the number of stations to nine by 2024, which would extend the line to a total of .
History
With help from the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine Vladimir Shcherbitsky, in 1979 the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union affirmed the Central Committee of the Communist Party's plan of action to allow the Gosplan (government planning agency) and the communication and transportation construction ministries to conduct research on the construction of a metropolitan system in Dnipropetrovsk. In 1980, four lines were planned with one line parallel to the Dnieper with nine stations: , , , , , , , and "".
A second line was planned to pass through residential areas and industrial enterprises of the southern right-bank part of the city, Lenin Square and residential areas on the left bank of the Dnieper. A third was planned to connect through "the center quarters of the southwestern part with the north on the left bank of the Dnieper." A planned fourth line would run along the left bank and cross residential areas and industrial areas of the northern part of the city. After the , , and stations are completed, Dnipro's first metro line as it was originally envisioned in 1980 will be complete. In November 2018 city authorities expected these three new stations to be opened by the summer of 2023.
On March 15, 1982, following a decree by the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union the Dnipro Metro was included in the list of first-priority construction projects. It was planned to be finished by the 12th five-year plan. Soon after the death of Leonid Brezhnev on 10 November 1982 the country ended up in economic hardship and financing of the project was reduced. In 1988 Mikhail Gorbachev visited Dnipro and promised the residents to help with finishing the projects. His promises were left unrealized.
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the project was halted. In 1994 it was decided to force the completion of the project and with the help of the chairman of the regional council Pavlo Lazarenko, these plans were realised when the system's first line, the Tsentralno-Zavodska Line, was opened to the public on December 29, 1995.
The Dnipro Metro system was constructed following the typical Soviet metro construction format. Out of the six stations, five are located deep underground and one is placed near the surface. Four of the deep stations are single vaults built on Leningrad technology and one is a Pylon. The only shallow station is a pillar trispan. Owing to the economic recession of the early 1990s, the metro stations lack the same level of decoration and architectural integrity as those built in Soviet times.
Future growth
Three stations are currently under construction, which would expand the system from the Dnipro Central Railway Station (at ) to the city centre; (near the Theatre of Opera and Ballet), , and (near the Museum of History). Construction on these three stations was restarted in late February 2011 after being completely halted in July 2009. A lack of funding for the construction also was because Dnipropetrovsk was not chosen as one of the host cities of the UEFA Euro 2012 football championship.
In June 2014, President Petro Poroshenko signed the 2014 budget into law which will allocate funding to the "Dnipropetrovskyi Metropoliten" company for the completion of the metro line. The two new stations in the city centre, Teatralna and Tsentralna, were expected to be finished by 2015, whilst Muzeina was according to plans to be finished by 2016. Another station, "Parus", is planned for the western terminus of the Tsentralno-Zavodska Line.
Construction did not start because the tender to select the contractor was stopped by the city council in August 2015. In the summer of 2016, the mayor of Dnipro Borys Filatov and representatives of Limak Holding signed a contract to build the Dnipro subway. The active phase of work started in April 2017.
In November 2018, city authorities expected the three new stations to be opened by the summer of 2023. At the beginning of 2019, it was announced that there were allocated some ₴1.4 billion as a subvention from the state budget. In December 2020 Dnipro authorities claimed that the new stations would be opened in 2024.
After the first additions to the line segment, the total length of the only line is expected to be , with 9 stations. In the long-term perspective, a second line is planned to span across the River Dnieper, and potentially have of track on three lines minimum.
Network Map
See also
Kyiv Metro
Kharkiv Metro
Kryvyi Rih Metrotram
References
External links
Daryna Sukhonis. . Visti Prydniprovia. 9 November 2016
Olga Fomenko. . Anti-corr. 27 February 2019
Yegor Moroz. . 49000.com. 26 April 2018
Underground rapid transit in Ukraine
Transport in Dnipro
Railway lines opened in 1995
1995 establishments in Ukraine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnipro%20Metro |
Chengnan (usually a romanisation of ) may refer to:
Chengnan, Shaoyang, subdistrict of Daxiang District, Shaoyang City, Hunan, China
Chengnan Subdistrict, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
Chengnan Subdistrict, Chongqing, subdistrict of Qianjiang District, Chongqing, China
Chengnan Subdistrict Shantou, subdistrict of Chaoyang District, Shantou, Guangdong, China
The southern area of the walled city of Nanjing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengnan |
Amr ibn Abd Wadd () (or Amr bin Abdu Wadd was a champion of the Quraish tribe, said to have been worth over one thousand soldiers. He is most well known for his role during the Battle of the Trench in which he was killed in a duel by Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Battle of the Trench
During the battle of the trench in 627 CE, the Quraysh veterans grew impatient with the deadlock. A group of militants led by ‘Amr ibn ‘Abd Wadd (who was thought to be equal to a thousand men in fighting) and Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl attempted to thrust through the trench and managed to effect a crossing, occupying a marshy area near the hillock of Sala. 'Amr challenged the Muslims to a duel. Ali volunteered to go, but the prophet told him not to, as Amr was known to be as powerful as 1000 men. But when Ali continued to insist, the prophet gave him permission. Ali accepted the challenge, but Amr did not want to fight the young man. Nonetheless, the duel commenced. Both the fighters got lost in the dust as the duel became intense. When Ali got Amr to the floor he said as leaders you are meant to accept challenges, one is to become Muslim and the second is to carry on fighting him. Finally, the soldiers heard scream(s) which hinted decisive blows, but it was unclear which of the two was successful. From the cloud of dust, a cry came drifting to the ears of the observers; Allahu Akbar, God is the greatest. The confederates were forced to withdraw in a state of panic and confusion. Although the Confederates lost only three men during the encounter, they failed to accomplish anything important.
According to Joel Hayward, "it is reported "During the Battle of Khandaq in 627... Ali ibn Abi Talib (who later served as Caliph) reportedly subjugated Amr ibn Abd Wadd, a powerful warrior of the Quraysh. Ali was about to deal a death blow when his enemy spat in his face. Ali immediately released him and walked away. He then rejoined battle and managed to slay his enemy."
References
7th-century Arab people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amr%20ibn%20Abd%20al-Wud |
Governor King may refer to:
People
Alvin Olin King (1890–1958), 41st Governor of Louisiana
Angus King (born 1944), 72nd Governor of Maine
Austin Augustus King (1802–1870), 10th Governor of Missouri
Bruce King, Governor of the U.S. state of New Mexico three times between from 1971 and 1995
Cyril King (1921–1978), 2nd Governor of the United States Virgin Islands
Edward J. King (1925–2006), 66th Governor of Massachusetts
John A. King (1788–1867), Governor of New York state from 1857 to 1858
John W. King (1918–1996), 71st Governor of New Hampshire
Lucas White King (1856–1925), Anglo-Irish colonial administrator and academic
Philip Gidley King (1758–1808), third governor of New South Wales, Australia
Sir Richard King, 1st Baronet (1730–1806), British naval officer and colonial governor
Samuel Ward King (1786–1851), 15th Governor of Rhode Island
Samuel Wilder King (1886–1959), 11th Territorial Governor of Hawaii
William King (governor) (1768–1852), first governor of Maine, United States
Things
Governor King (ship), an Australian schooner launched 1803 and wrecked 1806 at Newcastle in New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20King |
Chemistry education (or chemical education) is the study of teaching and learning chemistry. It is one subset of STEM education or discipline-based education research (DBER). Topics in chemistry education include understanding how students learn chemistry and determining the most efficient methods to teach chemistry. There is a constant need to improve chemistry curricula and learning outcomes based on findings of chemistry education research (CER). Chemistry education can be improved by changing teaching methods and providing appropriate training to chemistry instructors, within many modes, including classroom lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory activities.
Importance
Chemistry education is important because the field of chemistry is fundamental to our world. The universe is subject to the laws of chemistry, while human beings depend on the orderly progress of chemical reactions within their bodies. Described as the central science, chemistry connects physical sciences with the life sciences and applied sciences. Chemistry has applications in food, medicine, industry, the environment, and other areas. Learning chemistry allows students to learn about the scientific method and gain skills in critical thinking, deductive reasoning, problem-solving, and communication. Teaching chemistry to students at a young age can increase student interest in STEM careers. Chemistry also provides students with many transferable skills that can be applied to any career.
Teaching strategies
The most common method of teaching chemistry is lecture with a laboratory component. Laboratory courses became a central part of the chemistry curriculum towards the end of the 19th century. The German scientist Justus von Liebig plays a major role in shifting the model of lecture with demonstrations to one that includes a laboratory component. Liebig was one of the first chemists to conduct a laboratory and his methodology became widespread in the United States due to the efforts of Eben Horsford and Charles W. Eliot. After working in Liebig's laboratory, Horsford returned to the United States and helped establish the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard University. The school was modeled after Liebig's methodology and established the first chemistry laboratory course. Two years later, Charles W. Eliot started to volunteer at the laboratory. Eliot's interests in the laboratory grew, and he eventually took charge of it. Eliot was later elected as Harvard's president in 1869. Eliot also served other powerful roles in education, which allowed him to influence the widespread adoption of laboratory methods. Today, the American Chemical Society on Professional Training requires students to gain 400 hours of laboratory experience, outside of introductory chemistry, to get a bachelor's degree. Similarly, the Royal Society of Chemistry requires students to gain 300 hours of laboratory experience to get a bachelor's degree.
However, since the twenty-first century, the role of laboratory courses in the chemistry curriculum has been questioned in major journals. The main argument against laboratory courses is that there is little evidence for their impact on student learning. Researchers are asking questions such as "why do we have laboratory work in the curriculum? What is distinctive about laboratory work that cannot be met elsewhere in the curriculum?" Researchers are asking for evidence that the investment of space, time and resources in chemistry laboratories provides value to student learning.
Theories of education
There are several different philosophical perspectives that describe how the work in chemistry education is carried out.
Practitioner's Perspective
The first is what one might call a practitioner's perspective, wherein the individuals who are responsible for teaching chemistry (teachers, instructors, professors) are the ones who ultimately define chemistry education by their actions.
Perspective of chemical educators
A second perspective is defined by a self-identified group of chemical educators, faculty members and instructors who, as opposed to declaring their primary interest in a typical area of laboratory research (organic, inorganic, biochemistry, etc.), take on an interest in contributing suggestions, essays, observations, and other descriptive reports of practice into the public domain, through journal publications, books, and presentations. Dr. Robert L. Lichter, then-Executive Director of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, speaking in a plenary session at the 16th Biennial Conference on Chemical Education (recent BCCE meetings: ,), posed the question of why do terms like 'chemical educator' even exist in higher education, when there is a perfectly respectable term for this activity, namely, 'chemistry professor.' One criticism of this view is that few professors bring any formal preparation in or background about education to their jobs, and so lack any professional perspective on the teaching and learning enterprise, particularly discoveries made about effective teaching and how students learn.
Chemistry education research (CER)
A third perspective is chemistry education research (CER). CER is a type of discipline-based education research (DBER) focusing on the teaching and learning of chemistry. An overarching goal for chemistry education researchers is to help students develop 'expert-like' (coherent and useful) knowledge of chemistry. Thus, the field of CER involves investigating:
how students construct their understanding of chemical phenomena and develop practical skills relevant to the discipline;
how CER findings can inform curriculum design, e.g. by suggesting certain learning objectives and instructional approaches;
and developing instruments to measure the above.
Following the example of physics education research (PER), CER tends to take the theories and methods developed in pre-college science education research, which generally takes place in Schools of Education, and applies them to understanding comparable problems in post-secondary settings (in addition to pre-college settings). Like science education researchers, CER practitioners tend to study the teaching practices of others as opposed to focusing on their own classroom practices. Chemistry education research is typically carried out in situ using human subjects from secondary and post-secondary schools. Chemistry education research utilizes both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative methods typically involve collecting data that can then be analyzed using various statistical methods. Qualitative methods include interviews, observations, document analysis, journaling, and other methods common to social science research.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL)
There is also an emergent perspective called The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). Although there is debate on how to best define SoTL, one of the primary practices is for mainstream faculty members (organic, inorganic, biochemistry, etc.) to develop a more informed view of their practices, how to carry out research and reflection on their own teaching, and about what constitutes deep understanding in student learning.
Systems thinking approach
In 2017, the Systems Thinking Into Chemistry Education (STICE) project proposed a systems thinking approach for (post)-secondary education in general chemistry education. Chemistry education has largely relied on a reductionist approach, which involves studying a complex topic as the sum of its parts. A reductionist approach is beneficial in increasing our knowledge of the natural world, however, it is insufficient in tackling global issues—sustainability, climate change, pollution, poverty, etc. Due to the limitations of a reductionist approach, researchers are suggesting a complementary systems thinking approach in chemistry education. A systems thinking approach involves learning concepts with a holistic perspective, allowing chemistry students to think critically about how chemistry relates to larger, societal issues. Researchers believe that a reductionist approach, complemented by a systems thinking approach, can produce global-minded chemists.
Academic journals
Several journals publish papers related to chemistry education. Some journals focus on particular education levels (schools vs. universities) while others cover all education levels. Journal articles range from reports on classroom and laboratory practices to educational research.
Australian Journal of Education in Chemistry: Published by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute. Covers both school and university education.
Chemical Education Journal (CEJ): Covers all areas of chemical education.
Chemistry Education Research and Practice (CERP): Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Publishes theoretical perspectives, literature reviews, and empirical papers, including systematic evaluations of innovative practice.
Education in Chemistry (EiC): Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. Covers all areas of chemical education. (EiC is the RSC's educational magazine, whereas CERP is a peer-reviewed research journal).
Foundations of Chemistry (FOCH): Published by Springer. Covers philosophical and historical aspects of chemical education.
Journal of Chemical Education: Published by the Chemical Education Division of the American Chemical Society. Covers both school and university education.
The Chemical Educator: Published by Springer-Verlag from 1996 to 2002. Covers all areas of chemical education.
List of scientific journals in chemistry
Research in chemistry education is also published in journals in the wider science education field.
Degrees offered in chemistry
The U.S. offers chemistry education degrees at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The following degrees are offered:
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry Education
Master of Science in Chemistry Education
PhD in Chemistry Education
Additionally, colleges and universities offer chemistry degrees with a specialization in chemistry education. Some examples are:
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry with Specialization in Chemical Education - University of Virginia
Masters of Art in Chemistry with an Emphasis in Chemical Education - University of California Santa Barbara
A compendium of graduate programs in chemistry that award M.S. and Ph.D. degrees for research on teaching and learning of chemistry can be found at https://sites.google.com/miamioh.edu/bretzsl/cer-resources/cer-graduate-programs
Undergraduate students who are interested in chemistry can major in the following areas:
Chemistry
Chemical engineering
Biochemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Forensic Chemistry
See also
Advancing Chemistry by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory
Constructivism in science education
References
External links
Welcome to ChemConnections | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20education |
Chempakaraman Pillai (alias Venkidi; 15 September 1891 – 26 May 1934) was an Indian-born political activist and revolutionary. Born in Thiruvananthapuram, to Tamil Pillai parents, he left for Europe as a youth, where he spent the rest of his active life as an Indian nationalist and revolutionary.
Although his life was mired in controversies, including a squabble with Adolf Hitler, information on his life in Europe was sketchy in the immediate years after his death. More information has come out in recent years.
Chempakaraman Pillai is credited with the coining of the salutation and slogan "Jai Hind" in the pre-independence days of India. The slogan is still widely used in India.
Chempaka Raman Pillai, who started the Indian National Voluntary Corps on July 31, 1914, was instrumental in inspiring Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose to start the Indian National Army (INA).
Early life
Pillai was born into a Tamil Vellalar family in Thiruvananthapuram, capital of the former kingdom of Travancore in the modern state of Kerala. His parents, Chinnaswami Pillai and Nagammal, hailed from Nanjilnadu (in present-day Kanyakumari District).
In Europe
Pillai attended ETH Zurich from October 1910 until 1914, pursuing a diploma in Engineering. After the outbreak of the First World War, he founded the International Pro-India Committee and based its headquarters in Zürich, appointing himself president in September 1914. During the same period an Indian Independence Committee was formed in Berlin by a group of Indian expatriates in Germany. This latter group was composed of Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, Mahatma Gandhi, Bhupendranath Dutta, A. Raman Pillai, Taraknath Das, Maulavi Barkatullah, Chandrakant Chakravarty, M. Prabhakar, Birendra Sarkar, and Heramba Lal Gupta.
In October 1914, Pillai moved to Berlin and joined the Berlin Committee, merging it with his International Pro-India Committee as the guiding and controlling institution for all pro-Indian revolutionary activities in Europe. Lala Har Dayal was also persuaded to join the movement. Both of them cooperated with the German Intelligence Bureau for the East and helped creating German propaganda directed at Indian PoWs in German camps, particularly the Halbmondlager. Soon branches sprang up in Amsterdam, Stockholm, and Washington, as well as in many other parts of Europe and the Americas.
SMS Emden bombing of British Madras
On 22 September 1914, The , a German warship commanded by Captain Karl von Muller entered the waters off the coast of Madras, and bombed the facilities near the Madras harbour and slipped back into the ocean. The British were taken aback in this sudden attack. His family stated that Pillai coordinated the German attack with his personal presence in the SMS Emden, though this is not the official view. In any case, it is widely believed that Pillai and some Indian revolutionaries had a hand in the SMS Emden bombing of Madras.
War activities
The Indian Independence Committee ultimately became involved in the Hindu–German Conspiracy along with the Ghadar Party in the United States. The German foreign office under Kaiser Wilhelm II funded the Committee's anti-British activities. Chempakaraman and A. Raman Pillai, both from Travancore and both students at German universities, worked together on the Committee. Pillai later allied with Indian National Army chief Subhas Chandra Bose.
Many of Pillai's letters to A. Raman Pillai, then a student in the University of Göttingen, were kept by Raman Pillai's son Rosscote Krishna Pillai. The letters reveal some aspects of Pillai's life in Germany between 1914 and 1920, as does one of July 1914, calling upon Indian soldiers in the British Indian Army to rise in revolt and fight against the British.
After the end of World War I and Germany's defeat, Pillai stayed in Germany, working as a technician in a factory in Berlin; when Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose visited Vienna, Pillai met him and explained his plan of action.
Foreign Minister of Provisional Government of India
Pillai was the foreign minister of the Provisional Government of India set up in Kabul, Afghanistan on 1 December 1915, with Raja Mahendra Pratap as President and Maulana Barkatullah as Prime Minister. However, the defeat of the Germans in the war shattered the hopes of the revolutionaries, and the British forced them out of Afghanistan in 1919.
During this time, the Germans were helping the Indian revolutionaries from their own motives. Though the Indians made it clear to the Germans that they were equal partners in their fight against the common enemy, the Germans wanted to use the revolutionaries' propaganda work and military intelligence for their own purposes.
In 1907, Pillai coined the term "Jai Hind", which was adopted as a slogan of the Indian National Army in the 1940s at the suggestion of Abid Hasan. After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan.
Marriage and death
In 1931, Pillai married Lakshmi Bai of Manipur, whom he had met in Berlin. Unfortunately they had a short life together, as Pillai soon fell ill. There were symptoms of slow poisoning and he went to Italy for treatment. He died in Berlin on 28 May 1934. Lakshmibai brought Pillai's ashes to India in 1935 where they were later ceremonially immersed in Kanyakumari with full state honours. It was Pillai's final wish that his ashes be sprinkled in Nanjilnadu (Kanyakumari), his family's native place.
References
External links
Heike Liebau: "„Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen“: Das Berliner Indische Unabhängigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des Auswärtigen Amts (1914–1920)." In: MIDA Archival Reflexicon (2019), ISSN 2628-5029, 1–11.
1891 births
1934 deaths
Indian revolutionaries
Hindu–German Conspiracy
People from Thiruvananthapuram
People from Kanyakumari district
History of Kerala
Indian independence activists from Kerala
Emigrants from British India
Immigrants to the German Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chempakaraman%20Pillai |
State of mind may refer to:
Film and television
A State of Mind (film), a 2004 British documentary film directed by Daniel Gordon
State of Mind (film), or Three Christs, a 2017 American drama film
State of Mind (TV series), a 2007 American comedy-drama series
State of Mind, a 2003 British television miniseries, also compiled as a film, starring Niamh Cusack
"State of Mind" (The Jeffersons), a television episode
Music
State of Mind (band), a New Zealand drum and bass duo
A State of Mind (band), an international hip hop group
Albums
State of Mind (Citizen Zero album), 2016
State of Mind (Commissioned album), 1990
State of Mind (Elegy album) or the title song, 1997
State of Mind (Front Line Assembly album), 1988
State of Mind (Holly Valance album) or the title song (see below), 2003
State of Mind (Hunter Brothers album), 2019
State of Mind (Psycho Motel album), 1995
State of Mind (Raul Midón album) or the title song, 2005
A State of Mind (album), by E.M.D., 2008
State of Mind (EP), by Dizzy Wright, or the title song, 2014
State of Mind EP, by Clockwork Radio, or the title song, 2010
State of Mind, by the Faim, 2019
State of Mind, by Kary Ng, 2014
State of Mind, by Wave, 2002
Songs
"State of Mind" (Clint Black song), 1993
"State of Mind" (Fish song), 1989
"State of Mind" (Holly Valance song), 2003
"State of Mind", by Electric Light Orchestra from Zoom, 2001
"State of Mind", by Jack Lucien from Everything I Want to Be, 2011
"State of Mind", by Mad Caddies from Keep It Going, 2007
"State of Mind", by Suzi Quatro from Rock Hard, 1981
"State of Mind", by Tkay Maidza from Tkay, 2016
"State of Mind", by Goldie from Timeless, 1995
Other uses
Mental state
State of Mind (video game), a 2018 graphic adventure game
Jefferson (proposed Pacific state), nicknamed State of Mind
States of Mind, a 1911 trilogy of paintings by Umberto Boccioni
See also
Altered state of consciousness
Frame of Mind (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20of%20Mind |
The following lists events that happened during 1945 in Australia.
Incumbents
Monarch – George VI
Governor-General – Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Baron Gowrie (until 30 January), then the Duke of Gloucester
Prime Minister – John Curtin (died in office 5 July), then Frank Forde (until 13 July), then Ben Chifley
Chief Justice – Sir John Latham
State Premiers
Premier of New South Wales – William McKell
Premier of Queensland – Frank Cooper
Premier of South Australia – Thomas Playford IV
Premier of Tasmania – Robert Cosgrove
Premier of Victoria – Albert Dunstan (until 2 October), then Ian MacFarlan (until 21 November), then John Cain
Premier of Western Australia – John Willcock (until 31 July), then Frank Wise
State Governors
Governor of New South Wales – John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst (until 6 June)
Governor of Queensland – Sir Leslie Orme Wilson
Governor of South Australia – Sir Charles Norrie
Governor of Tasmania – Sir Ernest Clark (until 4 August), then Sir Hugh Binney (from 24 December)
Governor of Victoria – Sir Winston Dugan
Governor of Western Australia – none appointed
Events
30 January — Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester becomes Australia's first royal Governor-General.
31 January — A Stinson aircraft crashes in Victoria, killing all 10 on board.
9 May — Germany surrenders to the Allies, ending World War II in Europe.
26 June — Dr H. V. Evatt signs the United Nations Charter on behalf of Australia.
8 to 30 June — Perth receives of rain in twenty-three days, easily its heaviest monthly rainfall on record and unlikely to be approached due to anthropogenic global warming.
5 July — Prime Minister John Curtin dies in office from heart problems at The Lodge in Canberra.
6 July — Frank Forde is sworn in as Prime Minister of Australia, following the death of John Curtin. He will serve Australia's shortest term as Prime Minister, being replaced by Ben Chifley a week later.
7 July — The Australian 7th Division commences operations in the Battle of Balikpapan. Operations are completed by 21 July.
13 July — Ben Chifley is elected as leader of the Australian Labor Party, becoming the 16th Prime Minister of Australia.
15 August — Japan surrenders to the Allies, ending World War II. The day is known as V-P Day (Victory in the Pacific).
10 November — A general election is held in Victoria.
Science and technology
12 December – Howard Florey shares the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin.
Arts and literature
June – Ern Malley hoax
William Dargie wins the Archibald Prize with his portrait of Edmund Herring
Russell Drysdale paints The Drover's Wife
Film
1 May – The Australian National Film Board is established.
Sport
1 September – Eastern Suburbs defeats Balmain 22–18 in the final of the 1945 New South Wales Rugby Football League season. South Sydney finish in last place, claiming the wooden spoon.
29 September – The 1945 VFL Grand Final is held, and becomes known as the "Bloodbath" due to the wet, muddy conditions and frequent violence between players and amongst the spectators. Carlton defeats South Melbourne 15.13 (103) to 10.15 (75).
6 November – Rainbird wins the Melbourne Cup.
26 December – The first Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins. The British yacht Rani wins both line honours and the handicap, arriving in Hobart on 3 January.
Births
1 January – Peter Duncan, politician
2 January
Diane Fahey, poet
Byron Barnard Lamont, botanist
8 January – Jeannie Lewis, musician
10 January – John Fahey, 38th Premier of New South Wales (1992–1995) (died 2020)
15 January – John Peard, rugby league player and coach
19 January – Judith Clingan, composer and musician
22 January – Arthur Beetson, rugby league player and coach (died 2011)
22 January – Ken Ticehurst, politician
26 January – John Coates, mathematician (died 2022)
28 January – Peter Cochran, politician
11 February
Ralph Doubell, Olympic athlete
Peter Blackmore, politician
23 February – Robert Gray, poet
26 February – Peter Brock, racing driver (died 2006)
3 March – George Miller, film director and producer
16 March – Michael Cobb, politician
28 March – Johnny Famechon, boxer (died 2022)
10 April – Kevin Berry, butterfly swimmer (died 2006)
13 April – Judy Nunn, actress, author
8 May – Janine Haines, politician (died 2004)
17 May – Tony Roche, tennis player
22 May – Bob Katter, politician
27 May – George Thompson, politician
29 May – Chris Barrie, Chief of the Defence Force
1 June – Kerry Vincent, chef and author (died 2021)
2 June – Michael Leunig, cartoonist
10 June – Martin Wesley-Smith, composer (died 2019)
13 July – Ashley Mallett, cricketer (died 2021)
17 July – Athena Starwoman, astrologer (died 2004)
18 July
Kevin Neale, Australian rules footballer (died 2023)
Max Tolson, soccer player
21 July – Geoff Dymock, cricketer
1 August – Ken Aldred, politician (died 2016)
2 August – Alex Jesaulenko, Australian rules football player
6 August – Tony Dell, cricketer
7 August
Graeme Blundell, actor
Graham Ramshaw, Australian rules football player (died 2006)
12 August – Mal Washer, politician
18 August – Gillian Bouras, writer
23 August – Ian McManus, politician
27 August – Kerry O'Brien, television journalist
22 October – Clover Moore, politician, 82nd Lord Mayor of the City of Sydney (2004–present)
25 October – Peter Ledger, illustrator (died 1994)
26 October – John Romeril, playwright
1 November – John Williamson, singer
15 November – Roger Donaldson, New Zealand film director
19 November – Barry Haase, politician
26 November – Roger Price, politician
28 November – John Hargreaves, actor (died 1996)
5 December – Joanne Burns, poet
7 December – Bob Martin, politician
15 December – Thaao Penghlis, actor
22 December – Sam Newman, Australian rules football player and media personality
31 December – Vernon Wells, actor
Deaths
28 January – Samuel Dennis, Victorian politician (b. 1870)
4 March – Sir Harry Chauvel, 11th Chief of the General Staff (b. 1865)
5 March – Rupert Downes, soldier (b. 1885)
6 April – Paddy Stokes, New South Wales politician (b. 1884)
15 April – Thomas Collins, New South Wales politician (b. 1884)
1 June – Walter Frederick Gale, banker and astronomer (b. 1865)
5 June – Albert Piddington, New South Wales politician and High Court judge (b. 1862)
5 July – John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)
10 July – Jack Moses, bush poet (b. 1861)
11 July – Frank Hill, New South Wales politician (b. 1883)
29 July – Henry Burrell, naturalist (b. 1873)
5 August – Alfred Reid, New South Wales politician (b. 1867)
20 August – Sir Macpherson Robertson, confectioner (b. 1859)
6 September – David Hall, New South Wales politician and barrister (b. 1874)
15 September – William Calman Grahame, New South Wales politician (b. 1863)
15 October – Tom Swiney, New South Wales politician (b. 1875)
12 November – Reginald Weaver, New South Wales politician (b. 1876)
6 December – Sir Edmund Dwyer-Gray, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1870)
See also
List of Australian films of the 1940s
References
Australia
Years of the 20th century in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20in%20Australia |
Renchuan () is a town in south-central Zhejiang province, China. It is under the administration and is in the south of Pan'an County. , it has 28 villages under its administration.
References
Township-level divisions of Zhejiang
Pan'an County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renchuan |
The QSZ-92 () is a semi-automatic pistol designed by Norinco.
History
The development of the QSZ-92 pistol began in 1994 and was adopted by the People's Liberation Army's forces in 1998. The export variants (9×19 mm versions) include the CF-98 (barrel life c. 8,000 rds) and the NP-42 (barrel life c. 10,000 rds). The latter is the basic version without provisions for suppressor etc. Both have so far found commercial export in Canada.
On May 4, 2022, there were reports that the Hong Kong Police Force is considering the adoption of Chinese-made pistols, including the QSZ-92, to replace their revolvers as parts necessary to maintain them are running out. This is also being considered because of small arms export restrictions from Europe and North America after the National Security Law was implemented.
Design
The pistol operates with a recoil-operated, locked-breech and has a rotating barrel locking system, in which the barrel rotates on recoil to lock and unlock itself from the slide, and the front part of the frame under the barrel is shaped as an accessory rail to accept laser sights or flash lights. A unique feature of this pistol is the detachable steel frame that sits inside the polymer grip and contains the fire control group. Like many modern military pistols, the QSZ-92 has a double-action/single-action trigger with a combined safety/decocker.
Its dual stack magazine holds either fifteen rounds of 9×19mm Parabellum ammunition (QSZ-92-9) or twenty proprietary 5.8×21mm Chinese-made armor-piercing rounds with bottle-necked case and pointed bullets (QSZ-92-5.8), closely resembling the 5.7×28mm Belgian format. Unlike most pistol magazines which narrow at the top for a consistent single-feed angle, the QSZ-92 has true double column staggered-feed in the same manner as many rifle magazines.
The star engraving on the pistol grip indicates the ammo type. 9×19mm Parabellum version has the star, while military 5.8×21mm version does not. Export variants, which are chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum ammunition, have the star engraving.
Accessory
QSZ-92 is fitted with QUS-181 suppressor. The suppressor is mounted on the rail instead of the muzzle due to the rotating barrel design.
Variants
QSZ-92: basic variant, which chambers the bottlenecked 5.8×21mm DAP92 ammunition or 9×19mm Parabellum. Its R50 value is smaller than , R100 value smaller than . Its failure rate is lower than 2 out of 1000 and its lifespan is 3000 rounds.
QSZ-92-5.8: Military version for the PLA.
QSZ-92-9: Police version.
QSZ-92G: redesigned variant with improved reliability, ergonomics and under-rail for attachments. barrel life span is increased to 10,000 rounds.
QSZ-92G-5.8: Military version.
QSZ-92G-9: Police version.
CF98: export variant chambering 9×19mm Parabellum with a lifespan of 8000 rounds.
NP42: redesigned export variant chambering 9×19mm Parabellum with a lifespan of 10000 rounds, staggered-feed capacity of 15/10 rounds, and a decreased failure rate of 1 out of 1000. Its accuracy has been improved, with a R50 value of smaller than and R100 value of less than .
CS/LP5: compact pistol chambered in 9x19mm with 7 round magazines and a service life of 8,000 rounds.
QSZ-92A: Improved model showcased in 2021. Standard variant of the new QSZ-92 platform.
QSZ-92B: Improved model showcased in 2021. Compact variant of the new QSZ-92 platform.
QSZ-193: Improved model showcased in 2021. Subcompact variant of the new QSZ-92 platform.
Users
: People's Liberation Army, People's Armed Police, Chinese police force
: 660 NP-42 received in 2014
References
External links
Norinco NP42 Pistol Operation and Maintenance Manual
Semi-automatic pistols of the People's Republic of China
5.8 mm firearms
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
Norinco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QSZ-92 |
The Hulda Klager Lilac Gardens are nonprofit botanical gardens specializing in lilacs, located at 115 South Pekin Road, Woodland, Washington. The gardens will re-open in Spring 2024 10:00am–4:00pm daily *check website for dates; a small admission fee is charged for adults at the self-pay station, except during Lilac Days when an admission fee is also charged payable at the cashier station(cash/check/card).
History
The gardens were established by Hulda Klager (1863–1960), who began hybridizing lilacs in 1905. By 1910 she had created 14 new varieties, and in 1920 she started showing her lilacs every spring.
In 1948 the gardens were flooded, only the larger trees survived. People who had purchased plants in the past returned starts to Hulda and the gardens were replanted. Two years later in 1950 the gardens were once again open for the annual "Lilac Week".
Hulda eventually developed over 250 varieties. After her death, the gardens were preserved and then organized into a nonprofit foundation in 1976.
Today the gardens contain more than 90 varieties of lilacs, as well as Victorian gardens and a farmhouse.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
References
External links
Hulda Klager Lilac Gardens
Photo gallery
Klager Lilac Gardens
Parks in Cowlitz County, Washington
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Cowlitz County, Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulda%20Klager%20Lilac%20Gardens |
The Ordines Romani (Latin for Roman Orders, singular Ordo Romanus) are collections of documents that are the rubrics for various liturgical services, including the early Medieval Mass, of the Roman Rite. There are about 50 recognized Ordines Romani.
They span many centuries throughout the Middle Ages.
The rubrics for the Mass are found in Ordo I, VII, IX-X, XV-XVII.
Those for Baptism are found in Ordo XI, XXII-XXIV and XXV.
Those for Ordination are found in Ordo XXXIV-XXXV, and XXXIX.
Those for Funerals are found in Ordo XLIV.
Finally, those provisions that deal with the Dedications of Churches are found in Ordo XLI-XLIII.
The oldest is Ordo XI which is from around AD 650 and concerns Baptism.
The current critical edition of the Ordines Romani is Les ordines romani du haut moyen age (1961) edited by Michel Andrieu.
Sources
Further reading
F. Atchley, Ordo Romanus Primus, (London: De la More Press, 1905)
Catholic liturgy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordines%20Romani |
Mary Oppen (November 28, 1908 – May 14, 1990), was an American activist, artist, photographer, poet and writer. She published an autobiography, Meaning a Life (1978), and a book of verse, Poems and Transpositions (1980).
Early life
Oppen was born in Kalispell, Montana, to Ora and Alice (Conklin) Colby. Her father was a postmaster and her mother was a singer. She was raised in the Pacific Northwest. In 1926 she met George Oppen in a poetry class at Oregon State University. Although they were, respectively, suspended (George) and expelled (Mary) for staying out together overnight, they formed a serious commitment, eventually to be a lifetime bond. Together they travelled extensively, and this began the succession of friendships and contacts out of which the poetry and politics of George and Mary Oppen grew.
Fifty years later, in her autobiography Meaning A Life (1978), Mary Oppen observed of these times:
Poetry, activism, and World War II
After their initial peripatetic years together, the Oppens took up residence in New York City in the late 1920s. There they joined a circle of artists and writers, among whom were the poets Charles Reznikoff and Louis Zukofsky. During the 1930s the Oppens involved themselves in leftist political movements. They joined the Communist Party USA in 1935 after the seventh World Congress of the Communist Parties called for intellectuals to join in a united front against fascism and war.
After World War II, in which George Oppen was severely wounded at the Battle of the Bulge, the Oppens were persecuted by the U.S. government for their leftist activities during the Depression. Rather than testify against friends and associates, the Oppens decided in 1950 to flee to Mexico, and by the late 1950s they had found their way into a circle of U.S. expatriates living in Mexico City.
Return to the United States
After a brief trip to the United States in 1958, to visit their daughter Linda at her university, the Oppens returned to New York in the early 1960s. Back in Brooklyn, George, who had started writing again towards the end of his time in Mexico, renewed old ties with his fellow Objectivists and also befriended many younger poets. The Oppens continued to move around, once driving an amphibious car from Miami to New York. In the later part of the 1960s, the Oppens took up residence in the San Francisco Bay area, where George Oppen's family largely lived. For a time, they summered at Deer Isle, Maine, where they entertained such East Coast writers as Theodore Enslin, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Michael Heller, and John Taggart.
Later years
In 1970 Mary Oppen resumed writing poems and continued painting and work in collage. By 1975 she was in the midst of the composition of her memoirs, eventually published as Meaning a Life: An Autobiography by Black Sparrow Press in May 1978. In this work, Mary Oppen makes apparent how completely she and George shared the risks, adventures, and commitments of their itinerant and artistic life.
This included their harrowing, life-changing trip to Israel in September 1975. They had been invited by the mayor of Jerusalem to be his guests at the Mishkenot Sha'ananim, a residence for distinguished artists, writers, and musicians from abroad that faced the walls of the Old City. After their return from this trip, Mary noticed a decline in her husband’s health and a waning in his artistic authority. In 1977, she provided secretarial help so George could complete his final volume of poetry, Primitive. According to Rachel Blau DuPlessis, this "help" was atypical of their practice and was related to George's decline. During this time, George's final illness began to manifest itself with confusion, failing memory, and other losses. In 1980, the Montemora Foundation published her book Poems & Transpositions. George Oppen, died of pneumonia preceded by Alzheimer's disease on July 7, 1984, aged 76. On December 3, 1987, his widow read from her autobiography at the San Francisco Arts Commission Gallery.
Mary Oppen died on May 14, 1990, of ovarian cancer at Alta Bates-Herrick Hospital in Berkeley, California, aged 81. She had been living in Albany, California. She was survived by a daughter, Linda Mourelatos.
Artist, poet, writer, photographer
Several of her works have been exhibited. Oppen was also a diligent photographer and hers is a record of a life shared among writers and artists only now achieving recognition. These photographs afford glimpses into the world which George and Mary Oppen inhabited—one which was not officially recorded by the arbiters of taste or by academics in a depoliticized postwar America. Prints, paintings and collages by Mary Oppen were included in the 19th National Exhibition of Prints at the Library of Congress in 1963.
Bibliography
Meaning a Life: An Autobiography (Black Sparrow Press, 1978; New Directions, 2020)
Poems & Transpositions (Montemora Foundation, 1980)
References
External links
Object Lessons: Andrea Brady on George Oppen's New Collected Poems includes a brief but insightful discussion of Mary.
Quotes from Mary Oppen's autobiography
1908 births
1990 deaths
People from Kalispell, Montana
Objectivist poets
Oregon State University alumni
American activists
20th-century American photographers
American women poets
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from ovarian cancer
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American women photographers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Oppen |
The Ashland Harbor Breakwater lighthouse, also known as Ashland Breakwater Lighthouse, is an operational lighthouse located near Ashland in Ashland County, Wisconsin, USA. Located in Chequamegon Bay of Lake Superior, it is owned and managed by the National Park Service, and is a part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. It sits at the end of a long and detached breakwater, which creates an artificial harbor.
A lighthouse keeper's quarters and a boathouse, constructed in 1916, are located about from the light. There are additional living quarters on the second and third stories of the lighthouse.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) .
Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) .
External links
Aerial photos of Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light, Marina.com.
Anderson, Kraig, Lighthouse friends, Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light article
Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light.
Wobser, David, Ashland Harbor Breakwater Light, Great Laker magazine , boatnerd.com
Lighthouses completed in 1915
Houses completed in 1915
Lighthouses in Ashland County, Wisconsin
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Ashland County, Wisconsin
Ashland, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashland%20Harbor%20Breakwater%20Light |
Criminal Justice Information Services is a department of the Scottish Police Services Authority. Previously called the Scottish Criminal Record Office (SCRO), it established in 1960 with a mission statement "To manage information for the Scottish Police Service, wider Criminal Justice Community and the public to assist in the prevention and detection of crime and enhance public safety." The organisation is based at Pacific Quay in Glasgow, under current Director John McLean.
The high-profile Shirley McKie case has embroiled the SCRO in controversy surrounding its provision of fingerprint identification and verification services. This controversy lead to the separation in 2001 of these services from local control by each of the eight Scottish police forces (Central Scotland Police; Dumfries & Galloway Constabulary; Fife Constabulary; Grampian Police; Lothian & Borders Police; Northern Constabulary; Strathclyde Police; and, Tayside Police) and to the establishment of the Scottish Fingerprint Service.
Fingerprint controversy
In January 1997 an expert from the SCRO identified the left thumb print of DC Shirley McKie, a murder squad detective with Strathclyde Police, as coming from the bathroom door frame inside the house in Kilmarnock of murder victim, Marion Ross. Three other SCRO experts confirmed this thumb print identification but another five SCRO experts, who were asked to do so, refused. Nonetheless DC McKie, who denied ever having been inside the house, was charged with perjury. In May 1999 the Scottish High Court of Justiciary rejected the SCRO fingerprint evidence, and Shirley McKie was unanimously found not guilty of perjury.
HM Inspectors of Constabulary investigated and reported that – despite SCRO's claims – McKie's prints were never at the scene of the murder. In June 2000 the then Justice Minister, Jim Wallace, and Lord Advocate, Lord Boyd, apologised in the Scottish parliament to Shirley McKie. A former Deputy Chief Constable of Tayside Police, James Mackay QPM, and Tayside's head of CID, Detective Chief Superintendent Scott Robertson, were then appointed by the Crown Office to conduct a further investigation into the issues relating to fingerprint evidence and to report back with their findings. Mackay's interim report on August 3, 2000 suggested that SCRO fingerprint personnel had given evidence in court that was:
"so significantly distorted that without further explanation, the SCRO identification likely amounts to collective manipulation and collective collusion."
According to a Scottish Executive Justice Department internal email written by senior official, Sheena Maclaren:
"Mr W Rae, then president of the Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland (ACPOS) and chairman of SCRO's executive committee, decided that given all the circumstances, all Chief Constables concluded that there was no alternative but to 'precautionary suspend' the four SCRO personnel. This was done on August 3 by the Director of SCRO." Government ministers were informed of the decision to suspend the four fingerprint experts who had wrongly identified a thumb print as PC Shirley McKie's.
Marked 'confidential', the final Mackay and Robertson report was submitted to the Crown Office in October 2000. It took more than five years for details of this report to emerge, but The Scotsman newspaper published extracts from it in February 2006. The report concluded that there was criminal conduct by SCRO employees and that there was sufficient evidence to justify criminal charges. However, the Crown Office told Mackay in September 2001 that no action was to be taken against the SCRO experts. As a result, they were reinstated and employed in the newly created Scottish Fingerprint Service.
During a civil action in February 2003, brought by Shirley McKie against Stathclyde Police for malicious prosecution, the Lord Advocate Lord Boyd argued that expert witnesses should always be immune from prosecution – even if they gave false evidence.
References
Shirley McKie fingerprint case
Fresh allegations in McKie case
£50,000 is pledged to Shirley McKie fighting fund
Fingerprint team asks justice group for help
Blair to look at Scotsman revelations
External links
Official website
1960 establishments in Scotland
1960 in British law
Organisations based in Glasgow
Criminal Records Office
Scottish criminal law
Archives in Scotland
Criminal records
Government agencies established in 1960
Criminology organizations
Criminal investigation
Forensics organizations
Databases in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal%20Justice%20Information%20Services |
Mashan may refer to:
China
Mashan County (马山县), Guangxi
Mashan District (麻山区), Jixi, Heilongjiang
Subdistricts (马山街道)
Mashan Subdistrict, Wuxi, in Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu
Mashan Subdistrict, Chaoyang, Liaoning, in Longcheng District
Mashan Subdistrict, Yantai, in Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong
Towns
Mashan, Jiangxi (麻山镇), in Xiangdong District, Pingxiang
Written as "马山镇":
Mashan, Meitan County, Guizhou
Mashan, Hubei, in Jingzhou District, Jingzhou
Mashan, Shandong, in Changqing District, Jinan
Mashan, Zhejiang, in Yuecheng District, Shaoxing
Townships
Mashan Township, Heng County (马山乡), Guangxi
Mashan Township, Liucheng County (马山乡), Guangxi
Mashan Township, Guizhou (麻山乡), in Wangmo County
Iran
Mashan, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
South Korea
Masan (馬山市), former municipality in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, merged in July 2010 with Changwon and Jinhae into Changwon City
Taiwan
Mashan Broadcasting and Observation Station, Jinsha (Kinsha), Kinmen (Qumeoy), Taiwan (ROC)
Other
Mashan Miao, the dialect of the Miao language spoken around Mashan Township, Guizhou | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashan |
Gadget's Go Coaster (known as Chip 'n' Dale's GADGETcoaster in Disneyland) is a junior roller coaster at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California, and Tokyo Disneyland theme park, located in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, near Tokyo. It is based on the work of the character Gadget Hackwrench from the Disney animated series Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (1989–1990). Gadget is depicted on top of a small weather-vane on the roof of the loading station, as well as on a postage stamp in the attraction's loading area. The Disneyland version also includes a static figure of Gadget before the coaster's lift hill.
Both versions of the attraction are located in Mickey's Toontown, and the Disneyland version opened January 24, 1993, along with the rest of Mickey's Toontown. The Tokyo Disneyland version opened on April 15, 1996. At 0:44 seconds, it is the shortest attraction in Disneyland. The Disneyland version closed in March 2022 for a refurbishment and reopened in March 2023 with its current name as well as some new features.
Ride
Disneyland Version
The ride is primarily for children and therefore has small cars. While two children can fit into a single car, most adults would have to travel alone (or with a small child).
Before traveling up a lift hill, riders pass by a figure of Gadget (voiced by Tress MacNeille) as she says various comments. After the lift hill, riders then travel down and around Toon Lake. Near the end of the ride (the fastest turn), riders pass in-between a figure of Chip blowing through a straw with Zipper, and a figure of Dale holding a cup as Chip attempts to shoot water above riders' heads into the cup. The coaster comes to a stop and pulls into the station.
The attraction was closed for a refurbishment in March 2022 and reopened in March 2023 with its current name and also received new character figures Chip, Dale, Gadget and Zipper from the television series.
Tokyo Disneyland Version
The Go Coaster is primarily for children and therefore has small cars. While two children can fit into a single car, most adults would have to travel alone (or with a small child). Guests board a train fashioned from acorns and scavenged parts.
Attraction facts
Disneyland
Name: Gadget's Go Coaster (1993-2022); Chip 'n' Dale's GADGETcoaster (2023-present)
Grand opening: January 24, 1993
Designers: Walt Disney Imagineering, Vekoma, TOGO
Number of Trains: 1
Capacity per Train: 16
Number of Cabs per Train: 8
Maximum seating capacity: 2 per row
Train theme: Hand built acorn pods by Gadget
Height requirement: 35" (89 cm)
Ride length: 44 seconds
Ride system: Roller coaster
Sponsor: Sparkle Paper Towels (A Georgia-Pacific Company)
Tokyo Disneyland
Grand opening: April 15, 1996
Designers: Walt Disney Imagineering, Vekoma
Number of Trains: 2
Capacity per Train: 16
Number of Cabs per Train: 8
Maximum seating capacity: 2 per row
Ride length: 1:00
Ride system: Roller coaster
Image gallery
Related attractions
Magic Kingdom
The Barnstormer
See also
List of Disneyland attractions
List of amusement rides based on television franchises
References
External links
Official Page for attraction at Disneyland
Official Page for attraction at Tokyo Disneyland
1993 establishments in California
1996 establishments in Japan
Amusement rides based on television franchises
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers
Disneyland
Mickey's Toontown
Roller coasters at Tokyo Disneyland
Roller coasters introduced in 1993
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts attractions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadget%27s%20Go%20Coaster |
Baton Rouge Area Foundation ("The Foundation") is a community foundation dedicated to enhancing the quality of life in Louisiana's capital region, and is registered with the IRS as a 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit organization. Since inception, the Foundation has granted over $650 million.
In addition to grants, the Baton Rouge Area Foundation has launched community initiatives projects. The Foundation has partnered with local government and businesses to revive downtown Baton Rouge. It underwrote a master plan for downtown, renovated an abandoned hotel and built more than 200 apartment units in the city center. Other civic projects include developing The Water Campus, a place dedicated to provide water science and management to imperiled communities around the world; improved services for people with mental health and addiction issues; the creation of a master plan for preserving the City Park lakes system; and launching New Schools for Baton Rouge to draw the best charter schools to Baton Rouge.
History
In 1964, a group of 12 Baton Rouge business leaders created the Foundation to raise money and purchase land for the Gulf South Research Institute (GSRI) to locate offices in Baton Rouge. Since then, the Foundation has pursued its work by connecting donors to the causes they care most about.
In assets, BRAF is now ranked among the top 50 community foundations in the country in an annual survey by the Columbus Foundation.
Responding to Hurricane Katrina
The foundation's grant making teams performed hundreds of assessments, identified pressing needs for displaced residents, and issued over $600,000 in emergency grants to aid organizations and shelters within 10 days of Hurricane Katrina making landfall. During the recovery, it continued to help displaced residents by providing funding for basic human needs, physical and mental health, education, and employment.
Baton Rouge City Stats
A project launched by the foundation in 2008 uses Economic indicators] to measure the quality of life in East Baton Rouge, to help created a shared vision among residents. The project uses a total of 50 quality-of-life indicators that measure categories such as economy, education, public safety, and health. CityStats is funded by the Foundation, its donors, and members.
North Shore Community Foundation
The Northshore Community Foundation was established in January 2007 with financial assistance from the Baton Rouge Area Foundation. It is run by an independent board of directors representing St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Livingston and St. Helena parishes.
Community Foundation of Southwest Louisiana
The foundation provides financial support for the Community Foundation of Southwest Louisiana, which is operated by an independent board based in Lake Charles, Louisiana. It serves five parishes (counties) - Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, Cameron, and Jefferson Davis.
Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence
The Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence is an annual literary award that recognizes an emerging African-American author of fiction. The book award honors the accomplishments of Gaines, a Louisiana native and resident. Past winners include Jacinda Townsend, Nathan Harris, Gabriel Bump, Bryan Washington, Jamel Brinkley, Ladee Hubbard, Crystal Wilkinson, T. Geronimo Johnson, Mitchell S. Jackson, Attica Locke, Stephanie Powell Watts, Dinaw Mengestu, Victor LaValle, Jeffrey R. Allen, Ravi Howard, and Olympia Vernon. The winners receive a $15,000 cash prize.
University/City Park Lakes
The Foundation underwrote the master plan to preserve and beautify the City Park lakes. With local government and state partners, the Foundation helped raised $50 million to implement the first phase of the project.
New Schools for Baton Rouge
The foundation and its donors created New Schools for Baton Rouge, a nonprofit to recruit and provide resources to charter schools. It is working to improve failed schools that were taken over by the state of Louisiana.
Structure
The Baton Rouge Area Foundation is governed by directors who are appointed for three-year terms. Members may serve two consecutive terms, after which they must rotate off for at least one year. The board has fifteen at-large directors elected by the members. The immediate past board chair serves as a member of the executive committee and member of the Board, as does the chief executive officer of the foundation. Founding chair John W. Barton Sr. has a permanent seat as chair emeritus on the board and its executive committee.
Members of the Baton Rouge Area Foundation provide the resources that drive the administrative activities and leadership programs they undertake on an annual basis. Without membership dues the staff could not continue to provide the support that they offer to both the nonprofit agencies and their donors.
Mission
The Baton Rouge Area Foundation unites human and financial resources to enhance the quality of life in South Louisiana.
To achieve the mission, The Foundation:
Serves donors to build the assets that drive initiatives and solutions
Engages community leaders to develop appropriate responses to emerging opportunities and challenges
Partners with entities from its service area, as well as with other community foundations, in order to leverage collective resources and create the capacity to be a stimulus of positive regional change
Evaluates their work and shares the results with its stakeholders.
Geographical areas
The foundation serves eight parishes that make up the Greater Baton Rouge Area: Ascension, East and West Baton Rouge. East and West Feliciana, Iberville, Livingston, and * Pointe Coupée
Funds
Establishing a fund with the foundation allow donors to connect their philanthropic giving to the issues and nonprofits that interest them most. Different types of funds that can be established.; they provide a tax deduction associated with a charitable donation. They are:
Donor Advised Fund
A donor-advised fund is a charitable giving vehicle administered by the Foundation and created for the purpose of managing charitable donations on behalf of the donor. A donor-advised fund offers the opportunity to create an easy-to-establish, flexible vehicle for charitable giving as an alternative to direct giving or creating a private foundation.
Field of Interest Fund
A field of interest fund is a fund created to help a specific area, such as education, that the donor is interested in. Field of interest funds are managed by the Foundation and its board of directors.
Unrestricted Fund
Unrestricted funds, to pay for emerging opportunities that benefit the community as a whole. Such Unrestricted funds allow the Foundation' o have flexibility in funding large projects such as the Shaw Center for the Arts.
T
Scholarship Fun
Scholarship funds are established to assist college students with grants that help cover the cost of tuition, room, and board. The foundation assists the donor in the selection process.
References
External links
Baton Rouge Area Foundation
www.ernestjgainesaward.org
Area Foundation
Community foundations based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baton%20Rouge%20Area%20Foundation |
Beyene Petros is a professor of Biology at Addis Ababa University and a former member of the Ethiopian House of People's Representatives, representing an electoral district in Badawacho of Hadiya Zone. He is currently the chairman of one of the largest opposition political parties in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum Medrek.
Personal life
Beyene was born on March 11, 1950, in Hadiya, Ethiopia. He attended elementary and high school at local schools in southern Ethiopia. He received his BSc from Addis Ababa University, MS from University of Wisconsin and Ph.D. from Tulane University all in Biology.
Beyne joined the staff of Addis Ababa University in 1979 when he became a Lecturer. Later he became a Professor of Biology in 2009.
Political career
Beyene joined politics in 1991 when the ruling EPRDF took power. He was then appointed deputy minister of Education but later resigned from government. He has been a major opposition political figure since 1995. Beyene was first elected to the parliament as member for Shone constituency in the May 2000 elections. In the 2003 parliament, he served as chairman for the combined Council of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy in Ethiopia, the Southern Ethiopia Peoples' Democratic Coalition, and the Hadiya National Democratic Organization. When parties joined to form the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF) in 2004, Prof. Beyene became the chairman of the UEDF. He by now is serving as chairman for Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum (Medrek).
On 3 August 2018, Beyene was promoted to the new Government Privatisation Advisory Council to advise Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed concerning his new economic reforms.
References
External links
"Worrying Past, Bleak Year Ahead", essay by Beyene Petros (Addis Fortune website)
"ETHIOPIA: Interview with opposition MP Beyene Petros" IRIN interview from 2002
Family
Beyene Patros is married and has four children, two girls and two boys.
1950 births
Academic staff of Addis Ababa University
Members of the House of Peoples' Representatives
Living people
Ethiopian biologists
United Ethiopian Democratic Forces politicians
Medrek politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyene%20Petros |
Zhongzhou or Zhong Prefecture (忠州) may refer to:
Ancient Chinese places
Zhongzhou, a former prefecture in roughly modern Zhong County, Chongqing, China
Zhongzhou, a former prefecture in roughly modern Ding'an County, Hainan, China
Zhongzhou, a former prefecture in roughly modern Fusui County, Guangxi, China
Zhongzhou, a former prefecture in roughly modern Shanyin County, Shanxi, China
Zhongzhou, a former prefecture in roughly modern Donglan County, Guangxi, China
Chinese townships
Zhongzhou, Yueyang, a township in Yueyang County, Hunan.
See also
Chungju (Korean equivalent)
Haojing, also known as Zongzhou, the Western Zhou capital | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongzhou |
The NIN Award (, Нинова награда), officially the Award for Best Novel of the Year, is a prestigious Serbian (and previously Yugoslavian) literary award established in 1954 by the NIN weekly and is given annually for the best newly published novel written in Serbian (previously in Serbo-Croatian). The award is presented every year in January by a panel of writers and critics. In addition to being a highly acclaimed award capable of transforming writers' literary careers, the award is also sought after because it virtually assures bestseller status for the winning novel. The literary website complete review called it the "leading Serbian literary prize" in 2012.
Between 1954 and 1957, the award was given to the best novel published in Yugoslavia, regardless of the language, but all the novels awarded in this period were written in Serbo-Croatian language. Starting in 1958, only novels written in Serbo-Croatian were eligible. Starting in 2012, only novels written in Serbian were eligible, regardless of the place of publication.
Winners
Since its inception, the award was not awarded only once, in 1959, when the jury decided that there were no candidates worthy of the award. Oskar Davičo is the only author to have won the award three times (in 1956, 1963 and 1964), and the only one to win it in two consecutive years. The only other authors to have won multiple (two) awards are Dobrica Ćosić, Živojin Pavlović, Dragan Velikić, and most recently Svetislav Basara. So far, seven women have been recipients of the award.
One of the most notable non-recipients is Ivo Andrić, the only Yugoslavian Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. Andrić was candidate for the NIN award once, in 1954, with Prokleta avlija, but the jury disqualified the book as they classified it as a novellete, and not a novel.
Jury members
See also
Isidora Sekulić Award
References
Awards established in 1954
Serbian literary awards
Serbian literature
Yugoslav awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIN%20Award |
Muzaffar Iqbāl (Punjabi/Urdu: ; born December 3, 1954 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani-Canadian Islamic scholar and author.
Career
Currently, Dr. Iqbal is the President of Center for Islamic Sciences, Canada. Between 1992-1996, Iqbal worked as Director (Scientific Information) COMSTECH, the Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation of the OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation). From 1996-1998, he served as Director (Scientific Cooperation) of Pakistan Academy of Sciences. Between 1999 and 2002, he was the Director of Science and Religion course program of the Center for Theology and Natural Sciences (CTNS), Berkeley, a research center of the Graduate Theological Union. In 2000, Dr. Iqbal established the Center for Islam and Science, Alberta, Canada, (renamed Center for Islamic Sciences in 2013). In 2009, he initiated a project to produce the first English language encyclopedia of the Qur'an exclusively based on primary Islamic sources, The Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (IEQ). The first volume was published in 2013; in 2020, the project was reconfigured to become an online encyclopedia. Iqbal is editor of a journal of Islamic perspectives on science and civilization, Islamic sciences (formerly, Islam & Science).
Iqbal's published works are on Islam, Sufism, Muslims and their relationship with modernity.
Iqbal appeared on PBS's Ask the Experts in 2003, discussing "Can We Believe in Both Science and Religion?"
In another show in 2003, he joined a panel to discuss "Can Religion Withstand Technology?"
In an article on Islamic science, the New York Times quoted Iqbal as explaining that modern science did not claim to address the purpose of life, whereas in the Islamic intellectual tradition, the question of purpose was integral to the quest for knowledge.
Iqbal was one of the experts called on by the Physics and Cosmology Group of the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, alongside scientists including Andrei Linde of Stanford University, John Polkinghorne of Cambridge University, Paul Davies of Macquarie University and Charles Townes of the University of California, Berkeley. Between 1996 and 2003, the group conducted an intensive public dialogue on science and spirituality.
Reception
Roxanne D. Marcotte, reviewing Iqbal's Islam and Science, published in 2002, wrote that it "presents an articulate and concise historical introduction to intellectual developments that have shaped Islamic civilization, both religious
and scientific."
The first volume of the Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an has been described by Andrew Rippin as "sumptuous and carefully produced," "an impressive beginning", and "a considerable contribution to the study of the Qur'an".
Publications
Iqbal has written, edited, and translated twenty-three books. He is the General Editor of the Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, the first English-language reference work on the Qur’an exclusively based on fourteen centuries of Muslim scholarship. He is also the Series Editor for Ashgate's Islam and Science: Historic and Contemporary Perspectives, a four-volume edited work that brings together the most important and influential articles on various aspects of the relationship between Islam and science from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present. He has authored twenty-one books and over one hundred articles covering three broad areas within the framework of Muslim encounter with modernity: the impact of this encounter on Muslim understanding of their own spiritual and intellectual traditions, the role of modern science and technology in the reshaping of the Muslim Ummah, and Qur’anic studies, including Western academic studies on the Qur’an. His books and articles have been translated into Persian, Bahasa Indonesia, Albanian, and Korean.
In Urdu
Muzaffar Iqbal. Jang-e Azadi Sey Hasooley Azadi Tak. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 1977. A book on the history of the Pakistan Movement. In Urdu.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Inkhila (Uprooting). Book I of the fiction trilogy Hijratayn (Exiles). Lahore: The Circle, 1988. In Urdu.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Inqta (Severance). Book II of the fiction trilogy Hijratayn (Exiles). Islamabad: Leo Books, 1994. In Urdu.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Herman Melville: Life and Works. Serialized in Savera (1995-1998).
In English
Muzaffar Iqbal. Abdullah Hussein: From Sad Generations to a Lonely Tiger. South Asian Centre, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985. Repr. as Abdullah Hussein: The Chronicler of Sad Generations. Islamabad: Leo Books, 1993.
Muzaffar Iqbal and Zafar Ishaq Ansari (Translators). Towards Understanding the Qur'an. Vol. VII. Islamic Foundation, 2001. English translation of Syed Abul Ala Mawdudi's Tafhim al-Qur'an.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Islam and Science. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002. Reprinted in the Routledge Revivals series 2017; reprinted in Pakistan as Islam and Science: Explorations in the Fundamental Questions of the Islam and Science Discourse. Lahore: Suheyl Academy, 2004. Persian Translation, Astana Quds, Mashhad, 2010.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Science and Islam. Greenwood Press, 2007. Repr. with Afterword as The Making of Islamic Science. Islamic Book Trust, 2009.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Islam, Science, Muslims, and Technology: Seyyed Hossein Nasr in Conversation with Muzaffar Iqbal. Islamic Book Trust, 2007. Repr. Sherwood Park: al-Qalam Publishing, 2007; Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2008; Islamabad: Dost Publications, 2009.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Dew on Sunburnt Roses and other Quantum Notes. Dost Publications, 2008.
Muzaffar Iqbal. Dawn in Madinah: A Pilgrim's Passage. Islamic Book Trust, 2008. Repr. Dost Publications, 2009.
Books edited by Iqbal (literature, English)
Colours of Loneliness: An anthology of Pakistani Literature, Oxford University Press, 1999.
Pakistani Literature (ed.) vol. 1, 2 and 4, Pakistan Academy of Letters, Islamabad 1992-93.
Islam and Science: Historic and Contemporary Perspectives, 4 vols., Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011, reprinted by Routledge, 2018.
References
External links
at the Center for Islamic Sciences, Canada
Journal of Qur'an and Science: Professor Muzaffar Iqbal
at the Research Center for Islamic Legislative and Ethics
1954 births
Living people
Canadian Muslims
Canadian people of Pakistani descent
Fellows of the International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design
Historians of science
Intelligent design advocates
Members of the International Society for Science and Religion
Muslim creationists
Pakistani Muslim scholars of Islam
Scientists from Lahore
Sufi poets
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of the Punjab alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffar%20Iqbal |
The Uranium Information Centre (UIC) was an Australian organisation primarily concerned with increasing the public understanding of uranium mining and nuclear electricity generation.
Founded in 1978, the Centre worked for many years to provide information about the development of the Australian uranium industry, the contribution it can make to world energy supplies and the benefits it can bring Australia. It was a broker of information on all aspects of the mining and processing of uranium, the nuclear fuel cycle, and the role of nuclear energy in helping to meet world electricity demand.
The Centre was funded by companies involved in uranium exploration, mining and export in Australia.
In 1995 Ian Hore-Lacy assumed the role of General Manager of the UIC, a position he held until 2001. The UIC's website was established in the year of his appointment. After leaving the UIC, Ian Hore-Lacy went on to work for the World Nuclear Association (WNA) as Director of Public Information for 12 years and as of 2015 he continues to work there as a Senior Research Analyst. In the late 2000s, the UIC's main information-providing function was assumed by the WNA and World Nuclear News (WNN), based in London, UK.
In 2008 the UIC's purely domestic function was taken over by the Australian Uranium Association, and was subsequently absorbed by the Minerals Council of Australia's uranium portfolio in 2013.
See also
List of uranium mines
World Uranium Hearing
Uranium mining debate
External links
World Nuclear Association Homepage
World Nuclear News Homepage
Australian Uranium Association Homepage
Australian educational websites
Organizations established in 1978
1978 establishments in Australia
Nuclear organizations
Uranium mining in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20Information%20Centre |
Tolib-khon Shakhidi (Толиб-хон Шахиди) or Tolib Shahidi (/, born 13 March 1946) is a Tajik and Soviet composer who was born in the city of Dushanbe, Tajik SSR. He is a son of the founder of Professional Tajik Academic Music – Ziyodullo Shakhidi.
Early life
Tolib-khon Shakhidi began his musical career at the age of fourteen. He graduated from the Musical College in Dushanbe in 1965 from the Composition Class of Uri Ter-Osipov.
Career
From 1972 to this day, Tolib Shakhidi has participated in a number of music festivals.
"Taste, intellect, professionalism are the three main values of contemporary music" (). This aphorism, expressed by the composer fully complies with his own creative work. Tolib Shahidi represents a very rare type of Universal master-composer, who possesses the whole arsenal of contemporary musical language, yet uses the richest resources of traditional Eastern music of his region.
This twin pillar is not an obstacle, but the most important source of his artistic power and originality.
He won the 2008 Georges Delerue Award for his score of the film Two-Legged Horse.
Personal life
Tolibkhon Shakhidi is married to Gulsifat Shakhidi.
List of major works
1975 – Festival, symphonic poem
1978 – Death of usurer, suite of ballet
1978 – Tajiks, symphony No. 2
1980 – Rubai of Khaiam, film ballet
1981 – Charkh, symphony for chamber orchestra
1981 – Sonata No. 1 for piano
1981 – Recitative of Rumi, suite for flute and piano
1984 – Sado, symphonic poem
1988 – Caliph-stork, operas for children
1989 – Karlic-nose, operas for children
1989 – Beauty yosif, ballet
1991 – Sonata No. 2 for piano
1991 – Sonata No. 2 for piano and chamber orchestra
1992 – Siavush, ballet
1993 – Beauty and Monster, opera
1993 – Concerto for violin and chamber orchestra
1994 – Concert No. 3 for piano and orchestra
1997 – Concert No. 1 for string orchestra
1998 – Firdavsiada, concerto No. 2 for string orchestra
1998 – Sufi-dancer, music for 15 instruments
1998 – Istanbul-capricci, for saxophone and chamber orchestra.
1999 – Dobro vam, vocal cycle for tenor and symphonic orchestra. Poems of Hofiz, Goethe, Pushkin
1999 – Amir Ismoil, opera
2000 – Silk road dreams dancing, septet
2000 – Pictures under moon, for R. Finn poem, soprano and chamber orchestra
2001 – Algorismus marimba+, sextet
2001 – Contrasts in 55
2001 – Contrasts, music for violin and piano
2002 – King Lear, music for tragedy of Shakespeare
2002 – Persian Suite, music for string orchestra
2002 – Sufi and Buddha, pictures etude for piano
2004 – Concerto Grosso No. 3, for santur, violino solo and chamber orchestra
2005 – Contrast of times, vocal cycle for soprano and symphonic orchestra, words of Paul Valéry and Rekan
2007 – Birds talking, suite for three flute
2008 – Adagio, for violoncello solo in remembrance of Aram Khachaturian
2008 – Allegro in 5, for chamber ensemble
2008 – Four retro miniature for chorus A-Capella, in remembrance of Ziyodullo Shakhidi
2008 – Playing Backgammon, for piano
2009 – Verdi-Shakhidi, paraphrase for piano from opera Traviata
2010 – Concerto for clarinet and orchestra
2011 – Quartet for 4 cellos, from Indian Raga
2012 – Darius, pictures for Symphonic Orchestra
2012 – Adagio – Existence, for string orchestra
2013 – Rhapsody Dialogue: Theme of Aram Khachaturian, for piano and orchestra
Discography
Symphonic music (1997)
Great Hall of Moscow State Conservatoire, Author Concert (1999)
Symphonic Music (2004)
Symphonic music and ballet extracts (2002)
Movie Music & Existence – various music written for movies and theatre between 1969–2008 (2004)
Concert featuring works of Tolibkhon Shakhdi, Live (2006)
Gergiev-Shakhidi – Valery Gergiev, London Symphony Orchestra & Mariinsky Orchestra (2012)
Anthology of piano music by Russian and Soviet composers, vol.7 – Melodija, (2014)
See also
Music of Tajikistan
References
External links
Official website
BBC Persian
1946 births
Living people
Tajikistani composers
Russian classical composers
Russian male classical composers
Soviet film score composers
Tajikistani film score composers
Georges Delerue Award winners
People from Dushanbe
Moscow Conservatory alumni
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Male film score composers
20th-century Russian male musicians
21st-century Russian male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolib%20Shakhidi |
The House of Windisch-Graetz, also spelled Windisch-Grätz, is an Austrian aristocratic family, descending from Windischgraz in Lower Styria (present-day Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia). The noble dynasty serving the House of Habsburg achieved the rank of Freiherren in 1551, of Imperial Counts in 1682 and of Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1804. The family belongs to high nobility.
History
According to the Almanach de Gotha, the family was first recorded in 1242. They temporarily served as ministeriales of the Patriarchs of Aquileia, owners of Slovenj Gradec until the mid 14th century. One Conrad of Windischgracz (d. 1339) acted as a Habsburg administrator in the Habsburg Duchy of Styria from 1323 onwards. The family owned Thal, Styria a former Von Graben possession, between 1315 and 1605.
In 1574 the dynasty obtained Inkolat in Bohemia; later, however, several members converted to Lutheranism and lost their estates in the course of the Thirty Years' War. The Austrian diplomat Gottlieb of Windisch-Graetz (1630–1695) again converted to Roman Catholicism in 1682 and was elevated to the rank of Count of the Holy Roman Empire by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, in the same year. In 1693 his son Ernest Frederick (1670–1727) acquired Červená Lhota Castle in Southern Bohemia, which his descendant Joseph Nicholas of Windisch-Graetz (1744–1802) had to sell in 1755.
In 1781 the family bought their new main seat, the West Bohemian Tachov. Count Alfred Candidus Ferdinand zu Windisch-Graetz (1787–1862) became the representative of the emperor at the Reichstag and was elevated to the rank of Fürst (Prince of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1804. In order to obtain imperial immediacy (and be himself a voting member of the Imperial Diet), he acquired the small imperial territories of Siggen and Eglofs in Southern Germany. This principality however was mediatized to the Kingdom of Württemberg only two years later, when the Confederation of the Rhine was established. Prince Alfred I later became a Field Marshal in the Austrian army.
Alfred and his brother Weriand were both created Princes of the Austrian Empire in 1822, with Alfred and his successors being the first line of Princes of Windisch-Graetz (), and Weriand and his successors being the second line (). Alfred acquired the former monastery at Kladruby (Tachov District). His grandson Alfred III, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, was an influential politician. He was succeeded by his nephew Ludwig Aladar, the owner of Sárospatak Castle, Hungary.
Weriand, with the help of the rich dowry of his mother, Maria Leopoldine of Arenberg, acquired numerous castles in what is now Slovenia. After World War II, the estates in the Czechoslovak Republic as well as in Hungary and Yugoslavia were confiscated by communist regimes. The estate of Siggen is still owned by the elder line.
Great Britain's Princess Michael of Kent is descended from this family through her maternal grandmother, while her husband Prince Michael of Kent is a first cousin once removed of Archduchess Sophie Franziska of Austria, Princess of Windisch-Graetz.
(Mediatized) Princes of Windisch-Graetz
Joseph Nicholas of Windisch-Graetz (1744–1802) was the father of both of the men whose lines are given below.
Elder Line
Alfred I (1787–1862), Count 1802–1804, 1st Prince 1804–1862
Alfred II (1819–1876), 2nd Prince 1862–1876
Alfred III (1851–1927), 3rd Prince 1876–1927
Prince Ludwig (1830–1904)
Ludwig Alfred (1882–1968), 4th Prince 1927–1968
Ludwig Aladar (1908-1990), 5th Prince 1968-1990
Prince Alfred (b. 1939) – renounced his succession rights in 1966
Anton (born 1942), 6th Prince 1990–present
Prince Joseph (1832–1906)
Prince Franz (1867–1947)
Prince Otto (1913–2011)
Prince Johann-Nepomuck (b. 1953)
Younger Line
Weriand (1790–1867), 1st Prince 1822–1867
Hugo (1823–1904), 2nd Prince 1867–1904
Hugo (1854–1920), 3rd Prince 1904–1920
Hugo (1887–1959), 4th Prince 1920–1959
Maximilian (1914–1976), 5th Prince 1959–1976
Mariano Hugo (born 1955), 6th Prince 1976–present, married 1990 Archduchess Sophie Franziska of Austria
Maximilian Hugo, Hereditary Prince of Windisch-Graetz (b. 1990)
Prince Alexis Ferdinand (1991-2010)
Larissa Maria Grazia Helen Leontina Maria Luisa (b.1996)
Prince Manfred (b. 1963)
Prince Nicolò (b. 1997)
Prince Brando (b. 2008)
Prince Alfred Weriand (1890–1972), married Princess Marie Isabella zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Christiane Anna
Gottfried Maximilian
Hugo Weriand Antonius Franziskus Thomas Maria, married Caroline Knott
Constantin Weriand Alfred Maria (b. 1962)
Leopold Weriand
Otto Atticus
Franz Karl Weriand Gottlieb Albrecht Maria (b. 1964)
Maximiliana Anastasia Christiane Isabella (b. 2004)
Augustin George Veriand Franziskus Ferdinand (b. 2006)
Princess Marie (1856–1929)
Ernst Ferdinand of Windisch-Graetz (1827–1918), married Princess Kamilla Amalia Caroline Notgera zu Oettingen-Spielberg
Karl Otto Hugo Weriand of Windisch-Graetz
Otto Weriand of Windisch-Grätz, married Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria
Marie Gabriele of Windisch-Graetz
Coat of arms
Gules, a wolf's head couped argent.
Notable family members
Joseph Nicholas of Windisch-Graetz (1744-1802), chamberlain of Marie Antoinette
Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz (1787–1862), Austrian Field Marshal
Alfred II, Prince of Windisch-Grätz (1819-1876), Austrian Feldmarschall-Lieutenant
Alfred III, Prince of Windisch-Grätz (1851–1927), Austrian statesman
Princess Marie of Windisch-Graetz (1856–1929), married Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg in 1881
Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz (1873–1952), married Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria
Princess Stephanie of Windisch-Graetz (1909–2005), daughter of Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz
Stéphanie Windisch-Graetz (b. 1939), daughter of Prince Franz Joseph of Windisch-Graetz (son of Prince Otto Weriand)
Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz (b. 1955), married Archduchess Sophie Franziska of Austria in 1990
Prince Arnold zu Windisch-Graetz (1929-2007), Lutheran pastor
Princess Katalin zu Windisch-Graetz (b. 1947), Hungarian designer
Former family estates in present-day Slovenia
References
External links
Austrian noble families | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windisch-Graetz |
The specific strength is a material's (or muscle's) strength (force per unit area at failure) divided by its density. It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m3/kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m2/s2, though the latter form is rarely used. Specific strength has the same units as specific energy, and is related to the maximum specific energy of rotation that an object can have without flying apart due to centrifugal force.
Another way to describe specific strength is breaking length, also known as self support length: the maximum length of a vertical column of the material (assuming a fixed cross-section) that could suspend its own weight when supported only at the top. For this measurement, the definition of weight is the force of gravity at the Earth's surface (standard gravity, 9.80665 m/s2) applying to the entire length of the material, not diminishing with height. This usage is more common with certain specialty fiber or textile applications.
The materials with the highest specific strengths are typically fibers such as carbon fiber, glass fiber and various polymers, and these are frequently used to make composite materials (e.g. carbon fiber-epoxy). These materials and others such as titanium, aluminium, magnesium and high strength steel alloys are widely used in aerospace and other applications where weight savings are worth the higher material cost.
Note that strength and stiffness are distinct. Both are important in design of efficient and safe structures.
Calculations of breaking length
where is the length, is the tensile strength, is the density and is the acceleration due to gravity ( m/s)
Examples
The data of this table is from best cases, and has been established for giving a rough figure.
Note: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes have the highest tensile strength of any material yet measured, with labs producing them at a tensile strength of 63 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit of 300 GPa. The first nanotube ropes (20 mm long) whose tensile strength was published (in 2000) had a strength of 3.6 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit. The density is different depending on the manufacturing method, and the lowest value is 0.037 or 0.55 (solid).
The 'Yuri' and space tethers
The International Space Elevator Consortium uses the "Yuri" as a name for the SI units describing specific strength. Specific strength is of fundamental importance in the description of space elevator cable materials. One Yuri is conceived to be the SI unit for yield stress (or breaking stress) per unit of density of a material under tension. One Yuri equals 1 Pa⋅m3/kg or 1 N⋅m/kg, which is the breaking/yielding force per linear density of the cable under tension. A functional Earth space elevator would require a tether of 30–80 megaYuri (corresponding to 3100–8200 km of breaking length).
Fundamental limit on specific strength
The null energy condition places a fundamental limit on the specific strength of any material. The specific strength is bounded to be no greater than c2 ~ , where c is the speed of light.
This limit is achieved by electric and magnetic field lines, QCD flux tubes, and the fundamental strings hypothesized by string theory.
Tenacity (textile strength)
Tenacity is the customary measure of strength of a fiber or yarn. It is usually defined as the ultimate (breaking) force of the fiber (in gram-force units) divided by the denier.
Because denier is a measure of the linear density, the tenacity works out to be not a measure of force per unit area, but rather a quasi-dimensionless measure analogous to specific strength.
A tenacity of corresponds to:
Mostly Tenacity expressed in report as cN/tex.
See also
Specific modulus
Space elevator
Space tether
References
External links
Specific stiffness - Specific strength chart, University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering
Engineering ratios
Materials science
Solid mechanics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20strength |
Kathlamet was a Chinookan language that was spoken around the border of Washington and Oregon by the Kathlamet people. The most extensive records of the language were made by Franz Boas, and a grammar was documented in the dissertation of Dell Hymes. It became extinct in the 1930s and there is little text left of it.
Kathlamet was spoken in northwestern Oregon along the south bank of the lower Columbia River. It has been classified as a dialect of Upper Chinook, or as Lower Chinook, but was mutually intelligible with neither.
Phonology
All of the Chinookan languages feature what Mithun (1999) describes as "rich consonant inventor(y) typical of [languages native to] the Northwest coast" and "elaborate phonological processes".
Consonants
Boas (1911b) reports that Kathlamet consonant clusters are defined by their position to the word initial, medial and final and the phonemic syllable initial and final. In sequences of consonant where a continuant occurs as nucleus, consonants following the nucleus are taken to appear the separate clusters, the nucleus in none.
Vowels
Kathlamet lacks many of the distinguishing features found among the dialects of Upper Chinook including extensive use of sound symbolism, pervasive intervocalic voicing of consonants, and an elaborate tense prefix system. It also features a different collection of initial nominal prefixes and some additional morphemes, such as independent pronouns. (Mithun 1999)
The glides are analyzed as allophones of the high vowels.
Morphology
Kathlamet has four major word classes: pronouns, nouns, verbs, and articles. Pronoun words are always members of the pronominal stem class. And there are two subclasses of pronoun stems. The first stems of subclass occur with prefixes marking 1st, 2nd and 3rd person. The second stems of subclass occur with prefixed only marking 3rd person. Nouns can be inflected for the initial prefixes, possessive pronominal prefixes and initial prefixes (as nominalizers), in which in similar in form to the prefixes of demonstratives prefixes of verbs. Possessive pronominal prefixes may be inflected for person and number for gender and number prefixes. Verbs may contain initial tense prefixes. Unlike noun and pronoun words, verb may show more than one occurrence of the paradigm. The number of occurrences ranges from one to three mostly by relative order position, partly by special forms. Nouns may be used with the pronominal prefix as an absolutive. Verbs also are used as nominal. Nouns stem belonging to a joint class, such as VN, NP and VNP. Nouns can come in two different types; a simple noun, which is a single stem morpheme; and complex nouns, which have an apparent sequence. Similar to English, adverbials in Kathlamet may be used to indicate directional relations, such as "with" "for" "near" "toward" "out".(Mithun 1999)
Morphemes in Kathlamet can be placed in one of three categories: stems, prefixes, or suffixes. Prefixes can be either derivational or grammatical, where the derivational helps make up a word base. Grammatical prefixes are less common but have more flexibility in their shape.
Person, Number and Gender
Kathlamet nouns form plural in relation to patterns involving the classificatory prefixes and plural suffixes. There are four group groups of affixes in Kathlamet.
Singular: i-, a-, L-
Plural: -ks, max
Dual: s-
Number opposite of singular and plural:t-, L-
The gender categories are extended to all nouns. Kathlamet has 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th person, dual and plural possessors.
Positions
Kathlmat noun occurs with both prefixation and sufiixiation. The noun stem has limited complexity. The minimum noun word: prefix plus single stem. And the minimum sequence is classificatory prefix plus possessive inflection plus stem.
Kathlamet contains 7 positions in a noun form.
One case
Pronoun words in Kathlamet are always members of the pronominal stem class. There are two subclasses of pronoun stems. The first subclass of stems occurs with prefixes marking 1st, 2nd and 3rd person. The second subclass of stems occurs with prefixes only marking 3rd person. The plural suffix for human beings is found only in first stems of subclass. The function of the second stems of subclass is noticeably demonstrative. The stems for one are the only numerals not classed as particles, and these occur with 3rd person singular prefixes. They distinguish masculine and feminine gender. From Boas (1901):
The stems of subclass one are:
-ai- person
m-ai-ka you(174.11)
i-ai-ma he only(70.14)
t-ai-ci those (26.1)
-a.ni.ua first
m-a.ni.ua you first(87.6)
The stems of subclass two are:
-ax -aXi – uXi person, demonstrative
i-ax-ka he/it (55.9/11.5)
t-aXi those (73.60
u-uXi that (91.4)
-ixui -ixaui –iqui quantity(of time, items)
-uxui many (11.01)
L-axui much (250.16)
-iXat one(person)
a-ixat one maiden (20.1)
-iXt one(other than person)
a-iXt one basket (15.4)
-kun other, another
a-kun another woman (162.3)
Arguments
Pronominal affixes are used in Kathlamet for identifying arguments. It doesn't conjoin noun phrases. One entity is with a full noun phrase and established as topic. A dual or plural pronoun is enough to point to the joint participation. Below are two examples from Boas (1901):
The same strategy can be used to identify 3rd person members of first and second plural arguments. Because there is the context, pronominal reference is sufficient to identify them. For example:
Space, Time, Modality
Kathlamet shows a four-way tense distinction: future, present (non-completive), immediate past, (aorist) and non- immediate: a-, zero, i-, na-/qa-.Below are examples from Boas (1901):
a-ms-k- ú-naxL-am-a you will search for her(163.1)
i- ú-s-c-x he went down river (73.2)
i-k-i-x-kí-Li-na she strings them(192.10)
s- ú-pna ́́́-na jumping(110.16)
The suffix –tiX relation to time and –pa relation to space. And –tiX after vowel, -pa after consonants. Below are examples from Boas (1901):
núLʔ-ka-tiX little while only(266.15)
qá.ua-tiX several times(90.3)
kú-pa there(10.6)
pa íu-kua noon=there day(88.8)
Revitalization
The Lower Chinook people were reduced to a handful of survivors by epidemics in 1829, resulting in the loss of their distinct languages and their disappearance as a clan entity. The Upper Chinook people have survived a while longer, but of their many languages, only Wasco-Wishram survives. In fact, Wasco-Wishram is the only surviving branch of the entire Chinookan language family. Sometimes classified as distinct dialects, the dual dialects of Wasco and Wishram are mutually intelligible so as to be considered the same essential language. They differ only in one phoneme and a few lexical terms (Hymes, 1961).
In 1990 there were 69 speakers (7 monolinguals) of Wasco-Wishram. The final native speaker of Wasco, Gladys Thompson, died in 2012, but not before the language was passed down in part to Deanie Johnson and Val Switzler, both members of the Warm Springs Indian reservation. Both began providing instruction in Wasco-Wishram to other members of the tribe in 2006, but neither Johnson nor Switzler is considered fully fluent.
The last fully fluent speakers of the Wishram dialect, meanwhile, lived in the Yakima reservation in Washington State; all died sometime between 2000 and 2013.
The use and demise of the other Chinookan dialects is too poorly documented to determine when they were last spoken, but collections of text and some grammatical treatments remain, most notably for Shoalwater, Kathlamet, and Clackamas.
References
Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (hbk); .
"Honors Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs elder Gladys Miller Thompson for her contribution to preserving Native languages of Oregon.". 74th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY—2007 Regular Session. Retrieved 2013-02-26.
Hymes, Dell. "A Pattern Of Verbal Irony In Chinookan." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 1987.65 (1987): 97-110. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 4 Feb. 2014.
Keith Chu (2006-07-30). "New speakers try to save language". The Bulletin (Bend, OR). Retrieved 2013-02-25.
Kristian Foden-Vencil (2012-07-17). "Last Fluent Speaker Of Oregon Tribal Language 'Kiksht' Dies". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved 2013-02-26.
"Lewis & Clark—Tribes—Wasco Indians". National Geographic. Retrieved 2013-02-25.
The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon. 2009 (retrieved 9 April 2009)
Further reading
External links
"Kathlamet language," Native-Languages.org
Chinookan languages
Indigenous languages of Oregon
Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast
Extinct languages of North America
Verb–subject–object languages
Languages extinct in the 1930s
1930s disestablishments in Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathlamet%20language |
Mike Westhoff (born January 10, 1948) is an American football coach who is the assistant head coach for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). Previously, he coached Special Teams for a number of teams, most notably for the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins. Westhoff is considered to be among the greatest special teams coaches in league history.
Coaching career
Miami Dolphins
Westhoff was the special teams / tight ends coach for the Dolphins from 1986 - 2000.
New York Jets
Westhoff joined the Jets staff in 2001 after spending the previous 15 seasons in a similar capacity with the Miami Dolphins.
He stepped down as the special teams coach for the New York Jets in December 2007 after the final game. On September 1, 2008, it was announced Westhoff would return to the Jets' sideline for the 2008 season in an undefined role.
On August 8, 2010, Westhoff received a one-year contract extension. Westhoff remained with the team through 2011, which he announced would likely be his final year with the team. However, on January 26, 2012, the Jets announced that they had given Westhoff a contract extension through the 2012 season. Westhoff officially retired after the 2012 season.
New Orleans Saints
On November 15, 2017 the New Orleans Saints had hired Westhoff to join their special teams coaching staff for the remainder of the 2017 season. The next day, Saints head coach Sean Payton said that Westhoff would be responsible for supervising all the special teams units.
Following the controversial loss in the 2018 NFC Championship game versus the Los Angeles Rams, Westoff appeared on Mike's On radio show with Mike Francesa of WFAN. On the program, he declared the result of that game as "the toughest loss of his long career".
Denver Broncos
Westhoff was hired to be the assistant head coach of the Denver Broncos under new head coach, Sean Payton, on February 25, 2023.
Personal life
In 1988, Westhoff was diagnosed with cancer of the femur in his left leg. Originally, the condition was misdiagnosed and Westhoff was nearly fatally wounded after the doctor accidentally cut one of his arteries. Once the correct diagnosis was made Westhoff underwent ten surgeries to remove the cancer and the bone replacing it with bone grafts, plates, screws and pins. A cracked bone graft in 2007, caused Westhoff to announce his departure from the Jets. In 2008, Westhoff entered the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to undergo a procedure to replace the missing femur with a titanium rod. After vigorous rehabilitation, Westhoff was able to walk again and returned to the Jets' sidelines in September 2008.
Westhoff is a native of the Pittsburgh suburb of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania. Westhoff has a son, John.
References
Bibliography
External links
New York Jets bio
Living people
Miami Dolphins coaches
New York Jets coaches
People from Bethel Park, Pennsylvania
1948 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Westhoff |
Bobbie Clarke (born Robert William Woodman, 13 June 1940 – 29 August 2014) was an English rock drummer. He was regarded by critics as an important figure in the configuration of early British rock and roll, although he is often chiefly remembered for his long term association as the drummer with Vince Taylor and the Playboys.
Early career
Clarke originally learned to play as a teenager with Eric Delaney, a jazz artist popular in England in the 1950s. By 1958 Clarke shifted to the flourishing rhythm and blues, and rock scene, joining Vince Eager's Beat Boys, composed of Tony Belcher (guitar), Alan Le Claire (born Alan Cocks, 26 August 1938; piano), and Tex Makins (born Anthony Paul Makins, 3 July 1940; bass), who performed at a London coffee bar. Vince Eager was born Roy Taylor (4 June 1940, Lincoln, Lincolnshire) and was a former member of the Harmonica Vagabonds, the Vagabonds Skiffle Group, Vince Eager and the Quiet Three.
With guitarist Big Jim Sullivan (born James George Tomkins, 14 February 1941), the Beat Boys for a time became Marty Wilde's Wildcats, recording three tunes "High School Confidential", "Too Much" and "Mean Woman Blues". Subsequently, the same band again became the Beat Boys, backing up Billy Fury.
Vince Taylor and the Playboys
In about December 1958 Bobbie met 19-year-old Vince Taylor who was brought to the UK from America by his brother in law, Joe Barbera, who co-founded Hanna-Barbera. In September 1960, Clarke and his band became Taylor's Playboys with Kenny Pavell (guitar), Clive Powell (piano), and Tex Makins (bass). Powell later became notable as Georgie Fame. When Kenny Pavel left the band to play for Cliff Richard's Drifters, he was replaced for a while by 16-year-old Jimmy Page, future guitarist of Led Zeppelin.
In 1958, their first records, "I Like Love" and "Right Behind You Baby" were released by Parlophone, with Tony Sheridan (Lead Guitar), Tony Harvey (Rhythm Guitar), Brian 'Liquorice' Locking (String Bass), Lou Brian (Piano) and Brian Bennett (Drums). In 1959 "Brand New Cadillac" was released. On 19 August 1960, Palette Records Ltd. released "I'll Be Your Hero" and the famous "Jet Black Machine" with Tony Harvey (Lead Guitar), Johnny Vance (Bass), Alan Le Claire (Piano) and Bobby Woodman (Drums). It stayed in the charts 9 weeks and reached the top 15. The single might have been a bigger hit, but UK teenagers of the time, under the influence of the media, were guided to listen to a more 'clean' sounding Cliff Richard and his band The Shadows.
The Bobby Woodman Noise
The Noise with Bob Steele on guitar was booked to play at the Olympia in Paris on 7–8 July 1961. The top of the bill was Wee Willie Harris. The other artists were Dave Sampson, Vince Eager, and Nero and the Gladiators, which contained lead guitar player Tony Harvey. Despite their differences, Vince was still friends with the band and asked, considering that he had never been to France, if he could come to Paris with his friends and if necessary, sing for free.
Reunion with Taylor
Vince dressed up for the occasion in his black leather gear and added a chain around his neck with a Joan of Arc medallion. He gave such an extraordinary performance at the sound check that even the band was amazed, and the organizers decided to put Vince Taylor and his Playboys at the top of the Bill for both shows. As a result of Vince's exciting performance and his interaction with the band at those two shows Eddie Barclay signed the group to a six-year record deal on the Barclay label, with Bobbie Woodman changing his name to Bobbie Clarke.
For the next two years, Bobbie Clarke with his band, once again called Vince Taylor and his Play Boys (Vince Taylor et ses Play Boys) toured Europe including The French Riviera, Brussels, Belgium, Spain, and The Netherlands in between recording several LP albums and numerous 45 RPM singles, at Barclay Studios in Paris, such as "Sweet Little Sixteen", "C'mon Everybody", "Twenty Flight Rock", "Love Me", "Long Tall Sally", "So Glad You're Mine", "Baby Let's Play House", "Lovin Up A Storm" to name a few.
Johnny Hallyday's Golden Stars
In February 1963 Bobbie Clarke left Vince and became the drummer for Johnny Hallyday's Golden Stars, resulting in three EPs released that year: in November Bob Steele was replaced by American Joey Greco on lead guitar. Bobbie Clarke and Joey Greco with the Golden Stars also recorded the single "Memphis Tennessee" with Vince Taylor, that was released by Barclay under the title of "Vince Taylor and The New Play Boys". Johnny Hallyday joined the French army in June 1964.
Second reunion: Vince Taylor and the Bobbie Clarke Noise
In September 1964 the new Noise recorded the first "It's Not Unusual", a demo tape with Tom Jones. He re-formed The Noise, and with Vince Taylor played as the opening act for The Rolling Stones on their first three concerts in France, at the Olympia.
Barclay released a "fake live" LP under the name "Vince Taylor with Bobbie Clark's Noise", simply titled "Vince..!", a single from the album with "My Babe" b/w "Trouble" and a 4 track EP with "My Babe", "Long Tall Sally" "Trouble" and "My Baby Left Me", all tracks from the LP. The album was re-released in 1972 without the fake audience, titled "Vince Is Alive, Well And Living In Paris". The Noise at that time were: Ralph Danks(guitar), Johnny Taylor (guitar), Bobbie Clarke (drums), "Stash" Prince Stanislas Kosslowski de Rola (percussion), and Alan Bugby (bass) who had just finished playing with Ralph Danks in the Gladiators, and with Johnny Taylor's Strangers (three EPs on the Vega label in 1962 to 1963). In mid 1965, with several bookings lined up, Vince Taylor went away suddenly and the band finally gave up and Johnny Taylor joined a religious movement. Ralph Danks left to play guitar with Three Dog Night, and later Tom Jones, Elvis Presley and Bob Dylan. "Stash" Klossowski (a close friend of The Rolling Stones) would later produce The Dirty Strangers album featuring Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood.
Career in the United States
In late 1965, Clarke, "Prince Stash", and Ralph Danks moved to Hollywood where Bobbie replaced drummer Don Conka on several studio sessions with the original members of the band Love, consisting of Don Conka (drums), Bryan MacLean (rhythm guitar), Johnny Echols (lead guitar) and Ken Forssi (bass), with the addition of Vince Flaherty (vocals, harmonica). At the same time the band was recording with Vince Flaherty, they were also playing at a club called Bido Lito's with their leader Arthur Lee, but had not yet obtained a record deal of their own. Two recordings, "The Groove" and "Why", included Clarke as drummer, Daryl Dragon ("The Captain", of The Captain and Tennille, on the organ), and Charles Wright (on the rhythm guitar). An EP from the sessions was later released on the Verve label entitled "Vince and The Invincibles". In 1966 Bobbie Clarke also played with Frank Zappa, and cut a record with a band called "The Elves Themselves", augmented by members from Love and Jimi Hendrix. His career in the U.S. was cut short when he was arrested for cannabis possession, becoming the first UK rock musician to be deported from the United States.
Third reunion: Vince Taylor and the Bobbie Clarke Noise and Deep Purple
In 1967 Clarke returned to France and reformed "The Noise" with bass player Dave Curtis (ex lead singer of The Tremors), and guitarist Brian Griffiths, and once again gave it a go, with frontman Vince Taylor. In 1968 guitarist Ritchie Blackmore asked Clarke to join a new band called Roundabout (which later became known as Deep Purple). Bobbie brought with him Dave Curtis. Clarke and Curtis rehearsed in Deeves Hall for about 8 weeks with Jon Lord, Ritchie Blackmore and Nick Simper while singers were auditioned including Rod Evans who brought his Maze bandmate, drummer Ian Paice who was immediately auditioned (Clarke was out shopping) and selected. However, Deep Purple's managers, Tony Edwards and John Coletta backed Clarke to form a new band of their own with Steve Howe (later to join the band Yes) and singer/guitarist Clive Maldoon.
Bodast
This new band, named Bodast (after the first two letters of their three first names), was an evolution from the first incarnation of Deep Purple, and the ashes of Steve Howe's popular psychedelic band Tomorrow. They bridged the difficult period between the psychedelic pop of 1967 and the progressive/heavy rock of 1970. John Newey, for RPM, a division of Cherry Red Records, describes their music as: "…rich in past echoes of the Hollies, the Move and Tomorrow yet pointing the way ahead to the might of Queen and David Bowie."
Between May 1968 and mid 1969, Bodast produced an entire self-titled album for MGM Records. In February 1969, The Jeff Beck Group's drummer was fired and upon Beck's request Bobbie took his place, and did a few gigs at the Marquee in London, but was obligated to get back to work with Bodast, although Beck had expected him to stay with his group. Unfortunately for Bodast, their label MGM Records folded and the album was not released until 1981. The last gig for Bodast was in 1968 when they opened for The Who and were the backing band for Chuck Berry at the Royal Albert Hall. Thereafter, Clarke rejoined Johnny Hallyday in Paris.
The Bobbie Clarke Connection
In 1971–72 he formed The Bobbie Clarke Connection, consisting of: Eddie Ayers (vocals), Jack Moriarty (lead guitar), Tony Harvey (rhythm guitar), James Byrne (bass), Stash Klossowski (percussion) and Bobbie Clarke (drums). They rehearsed and cut demos at Barclay studios in Paris and narrowly missed being signed to the label. The Connection performed live on French TV and then toured Europe, crumbling during the tour in Spain.
Fourth reunion: Vince Taylor and the Bobbie Clarke Noise
In 1974, Bobbie's band The Noise again backed Vince Taylor, and Barclay re-released the original 45 singles "Ready Teddy" and "C'mon Everybody". In 1978 T and P Records released more of their old efforts under the name "Vince Taylor and his Play Boys"
The Man Who Drummed The World
In October 1987, Black Leather Productions released an EP, recorded in May 1985, entitled Bobbie Clarke, The Man Who Drummed The World, Live in Paris featuring the songs "Memphis Tennessee", "Twenty Flight Rock" and "Baby Blue".
Recent records and performances
In 2000, RPM Records UK, a division of Cherry Red Records, released a digitally remixed CD of the groundbreaking Bodast album (it is closer to the original 1969 mix by Keith West than previous reissues). On 10–11 May 2003, Clarke performed in Paris at a concert billed as "The Vince Taylor Memorial Concert with the Bobbie Clarke Noise". In 2004, P&C Pin Up Disques, France, released a CD entitled Joey Greco – Bobbie Clarke – Joey and the Showmen – Live 2004.
Autobiography
In 2017, Camion Blanc released his autobiography Bobbie Clarke Playboy & Showman - Les memoires du batteur de Vince Taylor et Johnny Hallyday. This was translated from English into French by Romain Decoret from Clark's original diary entries.
References
Sources
External links
Vince Taylor Illustrated Discography, By Phil "Heron" Guidal, Black Leather, 1988
Bodast: "Spectral Nether Street", RPM (Cherry Red) Records Ltd., Inlay essay by Jon Newey, London, January 2000
Vince Taylor, the Black Leather Rebel – Detailed biography.
Mr "BRAND NEW CADILLAC" Detailed Information available in French and English.
BODAST page on RPM Records
Bobbie Clarke Playboy & Showman
1941 births
2014 deaths
English rock drummers
English session musicians
English blues musicians
Musicians from Coventry
People deported from the United States
Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbie%20Clarke |
"Clocks" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written and composed as a collaboration among all the members of the band for their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head. The song is built around a piano riff, and features cryptic lyrics concerning themes of contrast and urgency. Several remixes of the track exist, and its riff has been widely sampled.
The record was initially released in the United States as the album's second single on 11 November 2002, reaching number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number nine on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. It was then released in the United Kingdom on 17 March 2003 as the third single from A Rush of Blood to the Head, reaching number nine on the UK Singles Chart. Music critics praised the song's piano melody, and it went on to win Record of the Year at the 2004 Grammy Awards.
"Clocks" is considered to be one of Coldplay's signature songs, and is often ranked among the greatest songs of the 2000s and of all time. In 2010, the single was placed at 490th on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list. In 2011, NME placed it amongst the "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".
Background and writing
"Clocks" was written and composed during the late stages of production of Coldplay's second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head. A riff popped into Chris Martin's mind late one night in Liverpool when he came into the studio, where he then developed it on piano. According to singer Chris Martin, "Clocks" was inspired by the English rock band Muse. Martin presented the riff to the band's guitarist, Jonny Buckland, who then added a layer of guitar chords to the basic track: "He picked up his guitar [a sure sign that he likes a song] and played these brilliant chords ... It was like a chemical reaction process."
Before writing and composing "Clocks", the band had already written ten songs for the album. However, because A Rush of Blood to the Head was nearing completion, they thought it was too late to include the new song on it. Hence, they recorded a demo and saved it with other unfinished tracks, labelling it "Songs for #3"; the band intended these tracks for what would be their third album.
By June 2002, Coldplay were ready to present the new album to their record label Parlophone. However, Martin felt it was "rubbish"; they were so far from being completely satisfied with the album that both the band and Parlophone delayed the release. After a headlining tour, Coldplay went on working on "Songs for #3." Phil Harvey, the band's manager and a friend of Martin, heard it and pressed him to rework "Clocks" immediately. Harvey pointed out that, with its lyrics that speak of urgency, its meaning contradicted Martin's idea of stashing the track. Thus persuaded by Harvey, Martin then further developed "Clocks", while other band members supplemented his work with their ideas based on the main piano track, adding bass and drums. Coldplay recorded the song very quickly because the schedule of A Rush of Blood to the Head had already been delayed; the album was released two months later.
Composition
"Clocks" is an alternative rock and psychedelic rock song. It features a repeating piano melody and a minimalist, atmospheric soundscape of synthesizer pads, drums, electric guitar, and bass guitar. Martin applied an ostinato, as well as a descending scale on the piano chord progression, which switches from major to minor chords.
The themes of the lyrics include contrast, contradictions and urgency. According to Jon Wiederhon of MTV News, "Martin seems to address the helplessness of being in a dysfunctional relationship he doesn't necessarily want to escape." The lyrics are cryptic; the ending lines of the second verse emphasise contradicting emotion: "Come out upon my seas/Cursed missed opportunities/Am I a part of the cure/Or am I part of the disease?" The song's title also "metaphorically alludes" to its lyrics, "pushing one to wonder about the world's obsession with time while connecting it to the theory: make the best of it when we’re here, present and alive."
The song is written in the key of E mixolydian and a main chord progression of E–Bm–Fm. Emixolydian is the fifth mode of Amajor leading to some transcriptions using this key.
Release and music video
Coldplay released "Clocks" in the United Kingdom on 24 March 2003 as the album's third single. The single was issued with two B-sides: "Animals", which was one of the band's favourite songs performed on tour but was not included in the album, and "Crests of Waves". The single's cover, created by Sølve Sundsbø—as with the album and its other singles—is a portrayal of Chris Martin. In the United States, while preparing "The Scientist" as the album's second release, Coldplay's US label felt the song failed to "provide enough of a blood rush for American listeners"; instead, they released "Clocks" as the second single in the US on 11 November 2002, the same day that "The Scientist" was issued in the UK.
A music video was filmed in support of the song. It was directed by British film-maker Dominic Leung, and shot at Docklands' ExCeL Building in London. It features the band performing the song, with a laser show, in front of a staged audience, mostly local college students. Stage effects and blue-red light transitions give the video a surreal feel, while a stoic crowd make up the audience. Martin has maketradefair.com scrawled on his left hand for the video to promote fair trade between countries and corporations, which can be seen at various moments throughout the video, especially when paused while he is playing piano at the 3-minute, 22-second mark. The website became defunct in 2004.
Reception and legacy
The song received widespread acclaim from music critics. Rob Sheffield from the Rolling Stone magazine praised it as one of the album's highlights by saying that "[guitarist] Buckland shines in excellent psychedelic rockers such as 'Clocks'". David Cheal of The Daily Telegraph commented how the song features a "hypnotic piano riff, a pounding, almost frantic rhythm, and a contagious tune, all building to a gorgeously serene climax with Martin's floaty voice singing." Scott Floman, music critic for Goldmine magazine, described the track as "a stunningly pretty piano rocker, absolutely perfect and is simply one of the best songs of the decade".
The single was successful in radio throughout 2003 and appeared on several singles charts worldwide. It peaked at number nine in the United Kingdom and rose to number 29 in the United States. The song also reached number seven in Canada and number 28 in Australia. "Clocks" won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year and was ranked at number 155 on Pitchfork's "Greatest Songs of the 2000s" list as well. In October 2011, NME placed it amongst the "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".
"Clocks" has been regarded as one of Coldplay's finest achievements, with the track's piano progression being their signature creation. According to The New York Times, the opening piano arpeggios of the song have been widely sampled too. Many cuts from X&Y feature influences from "Clocks", with Brian Cohen of Billboard magazine noting how it served as a "launching pad" for them in the band's third album: "several of which echo that song either in structure or feel". "Speed of Sound", the first single from X&Y, is similar to "Clocks".
According to The New York Times, American singer Jordin Sparks's 2008 single "No Air" "breathes life into the overfamiliar piano line" from "Clocks". The song "Should I Go" by American singer Brandy, from her album Afrodisiac, samples the piano riff of "Clocks", as does Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández's 2007 single "Te Voy A Perder". In 2009, French DJ David Guetta in collaboration with Kelly Rowland released the song "When Love Takes Over", which has a piano introduction like that of "Clocks". A riff similar to "Clocks" was also used for the 2009 song "Shining Down" by Chicagoan hip hop artist Lupe Fiasco and featuring Matthew Santos. An analogous riff can also be heard in the DJ Cahill Remix of the Agnes song I Need You Now. In 2010, Rolling Stone placed "Clocks" at 490 on their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list. In 2020, Bono of U2 named Clocks as one of 60 songs that saved his life. In 2021, Billboard featured "Clocks" in a list of the "100 Greatest Song Bridges of the 21st Century" as number 67.
Rankings
Remixes
"Clocks" was remixed several times. Norwegian duo Röyksopp made a remixed version of the song, pressed on the 1000 limited-edition 12" vinyl records; 100 of which were made available through the band's official website. The version placed at number five in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2003 (the original version of the song placed at number 69 the previous year). In addition, there have been several other dance remixes of "Clocks", including those by Clokx and Deep Dish plus a mashup from Gabriel and Dresden's 2003 Essential Mix which appeared on various P2P networks. A remixed version of the song is included on the soundtrack of the video game Dance Dance Revolution: Hottest Party for the Wii console.
Track listings
Personnel
Chris Martin – lead vocals, piano, synthesizer
Jonny Buckland – electric guitar
Guy Berryman – bass guitar
Will Champion – drums, backing vocals
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
Release history
References
Coldplay songs
2002 songs
2003 singles
British psychedelic rock songs
Capitol Records singles
Good articles
Grammy Award for Record of the Year
Parlophone singles
Songs written by Guy Berryman
Songs written by Jonny Buckland
Songs written by Will Champion
Songs written by Chris Martin
Song recordings produced by Ken Nelson (British record producer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clocks%20%28song%29 |
Yuanzhou District () is the only district and the seat of the city of Yichun, Jiangxi province, China, bordering Hunan province to the northwest.
Administrative divisions
Yuanzhou District currently has 9 subdistricts, 17 towns and 5 townships.
9 subdistricts
17 towns
5 townships
References
County-level divisions of Jiangxi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuanzhou%20District%2C%20Yichun |
Don Reo is an American television writer and producer. He created or co-created such shows as Blossom and The John Larroquette Show for NBC, My Wife and Kids for ABC and The Ranch for Netflix.
Other shows for which he has written include Wizards and Warriors, Everybody Hates Chris, M*A*S*H, Rhoda and The Golden Girls. He was also the executive producer and the main writer for the FOX show Action. He created the FOX show Brothers and later was an executive producer and showrunner on Two and a Half Men with Jim Patterson.
Reo co-wrote the book Big Man with Clarence Clemons.
References
External links
Living people
American television writers
American male television writers
American television producers
Writers from Rhode Island
1946 births
Screenwriters from Rhode Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Reo |
Lawrence J. Corcoran (August 10, 1859 – October 14, 1891) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
Corcoran debuted in the 1880 season, where he won 43 games and led the Chicago team to the National League championship. Cap Anson alternated him with pitcher Fred Goldsmith, giving Chicago the first true pitching "rotation" in professional baseball.
In 1882, Corcoran became the first pitcher to throw two no-hitters in a career. Two seasons later, he became the first pitcher to throw three no-hitters, setting a record that would stand until 1965, when Sandy Koufax threw his fourth no-hitter. He is also famous for being one of baseball's very few switch-pitchers, and is one of only two players in MLB history whose batting-throwing combination was "bats left, throws both," the other being Pat Venditte. A natural righty, Corcoran pitched four innings alternating throwing arms on June 16, 1884, due to the inflammation of his right index finger. He is credited with creating the first method of signaling pitches to his catcher, which consisted of moving a wad of chewing tobacco in his mouth to indicate what pitch would be thrown.
White Stockings catcher Silver Flint, who caught bare-handed, credited Corcoran with being the toughest pitcher to catch and being responsible for several of his misshapen fingers.
Corcoran's arm was dead by 1885, and by 1887 he was out of the league.
Corcoran, afflicted with Bright's disease, died in Newark, New Jersey at the age of 32. He was interred in the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in East Orange.
His brother, Mike, pitched in one major league game in 1884.
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
References
External links
TheDeadballEra.com – obituary
1859 births
1891 deaths
Baseball players from Brooklyn
Major League Baseball pitchers
19th-century baseball players
Chicago White Stockings players
New York Giants (NL) players
Washington Nationals (1886–1889) players
Indianapolis Hoosiers (NL) players
National League ERA champions
National League strikeout champions
National League wins champions
Deaths from nephritis
Brooklyn Chelsea players
Buffalo (minor league baseball) players
Springfield (minor league baseball) players
Holyoke (minor league baseball) players
Nashville Blues players
London Tecumsehs (baseball) players
Deaths from kidney disease
Burials at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (East Orange, New Jersey) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Corcoran |
Keegan Connor Tracy (born December 3, 1971) is a Canadian actress and author. She is best known for her roles as Audrey Malone in the Showtime comedy-drama series Beggars and Choosers (1999–2000), the Blue Fairy in the ABC fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time (2011–18), Miss Blair Watson in the A&E drama series Bates Motel (2013–16), and Professor Lipson in the Syfy fantasy series The Magicians (2016–2020). Tracy's other notable work includes roles on the television series Jake 2.0, The 4400, Stargate SG-1, Supernatural, Psych, and Battlestar Galactica.
In film, she is best known for her roles as Kat Jennings in the supernatural horror film Final Destination 2 (2003), Mirabelle Keegan in the supernatural horror film White Noise (2005), Dolly Dupuyster in the comedy-drama film The Women (2008), Ellen in the drama film Words and Pictures (2013), and Queen Belle in the musical fantasy films Descendants (2015), Descendants 2 (2017), and Descendants 3 (2019).
Personal life
Tracy was born in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. She graduated from St. Patrick's Catholic High in Sarnia, Ontario. Tracy went on to obtain a degree in Social Psychology from Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. While she was at the university, she spent a year working in Europe.
Career
Tracy made her acting debut in 1997, in the television series Viper. She made her feature film debut as a minor role in the crime thriller film Double Jeopardy. She subsequently appeared in films such as Duets (2000) and 40 Days and 40 Nights (2002). After guest roles in numerous television series, such as The New Addams Family, Tracy had a series regular role as Audrey Malone in the Showtime comedy-drama series Beggars and Choosers, which aired from 1999 to 2000.
Tracy later appeared in the drama series Da Vinci's Inquest (2002–2005), for which she received nominations for the Leo Award and Gemini Award. She starred as Diane Hughes in the science fiction series Jake 2.0 (2003–2004). For her performance, she received a nomination for the Leo Award for Best Lead Performance by a Female in Dramatic Series. Tracy also appeared as a guest on the television series The 4400, Stargate SG-1, Supernatural, Psych, and Battlestar Galactica.
Tracy received further recognition for appearing as Kat Jennings in the supernatural horror film Final Destination 2 (2003). She continued to appear in supporting roles as Mirabelle Keegan in the supernatural horror film White Noise (2005), Dolly Dupuyster in the comedy-drama film The Women (2008), and Ellen in the drama film Words and Pictures (2013).
Tracy found greater success for her recurring roles on various television series. From 2011 to 2018, she appeared as the Blue Fairy, also known as Mother Superior, in the ABC fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time. From 2013 to 2016, she recurred as Miss Blaire Watson, the teacher to a young Norman Bates, in the A&E drama horror series Bates Motel. From 2016 to 2020, she had a recurring role as Professor Lipson in the Syfy fantasy drama series The Magicians. For her performance in the latter, she received a nomination for the ACTRA Award.
Tracy starred as Jordan Blair in the action zombie film Dead Rising: Watchtower (2015) and its sequel, Dead Rising: Endgame (2016). She also portrayed an adult version of Queen Belle in the Disney Channel Original Movie fantasy film Descendants (2015). She reprised her role in the sequels, Descendants 2 (2017) and Descendants 3 (2019).
In 2016, Tracy published her first children's book, titled Mommy's 26 Careers. In September 2018, she released another children's book, titled This is a Job for Mommy!: An A-Z Adventure.
In 2020, she starred in the horror film, Z, about a family who is terrorized by their son’s imaginary friend. The film "was such a huge emotional journey for me and I had to sort of sequester myself a lot to stay in that woman’s mental and emotional space," she said.
In 2023 she is slated to participate as one of the panelists in Canada Reads, championing Michael Christie's novel Greenwood.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1971 births
Actresses from Windsor, Ontario
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Living people
Wilfrid Laurier University alumni
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keegan%20Connor%20Tracy |
Eric "Butters" Stough (born July 31, 1972) is an American animator and producer. He is best known as the animation director and a producer on the television series South Park. Born in Evergreen, Colorado, Stough attended the University of Colorado at Boulder and graduated in 1995 with a degree in film. A longtime friend of Trey Parker, he has worked with him and Matt Stone on most of their projects, including South Park, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, Orgazmo, Team America: World Police and the Broadway musical The Book of Mormon.
Stough has won five Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on South Park, as well as a Peabody Award. He was the inspiration for the character of Butters Stotch on South Park.
Life and career
Stough was born in Evergreen, Colorado, and has characterized his upbringing as "well-rounded, sheltered and I did what I was told." He met Trey Parker at age 13; the two later acted in school musicals and made short films together at Evergreen High School. Stough grew up interested in animation and aspired to be a "great Disney animator", but was not the best at drawing. He attended the University of Colorado at Boulder (UCB), where he initially studied in their art department. Parker convinced him to instead join their film department, as he would be able to make animated films rather than spend his time perfecting his drawing. He had an internship with Jim Henson Productions in college.
He graduated with a film degree in 1995, and subsequently worked with Parker and Matt Stone on the short film The Spirit of Christmas (1995). The film grew popular and resulted in a television deal with Comedy Central to produce an animated series based on it, which became South Park. Stough was the first crew member hired on South Park, which premiered in 1997, and remains the show's producer and animation director to this day. He has also worked on various South Park-related projects, including the show's theatrical film and the video game The Stick of Truth, as well as Orgazmo, Team America: World Police and the Broadway hit The Book of Mormon, which he illustrated for.
The character of Butters in South Park is based on Stough and his sheltered upbringing. He noted in his commencement address for UCB in 2014, "The nickname "Butters" stems from little brother, little buddy and innocent wholesome person." Stough has also provided the un-muffled voice of Kenny McCormick in four episodes of the show, "The Jeffersons," "Lice Capades," "Mysterion Rises" and "Turd Burglars". He did not however provide the main voice of Kenny's alter-ego Mysterion.
Awards
Stough has been nominated for 14 Emmy Awards and has won five for South Park in "Outstanding Animated Program" category, as well as a Peabody Award. He also won awards for his short film Revenge of the Roadkill Rabbit at the 2000 Athens International Film and Video Festival. At the 2014 National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers (NAVGTR) awards Stough was credited (along with Bruce Howell and Adrien Beard) for the Game of the Year nomination.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
American male voice actors
American animated film directors
American animated film producers
Animators from Colorado
American artists
American television producers
Peabody Award winners
Primetime Emmy Award winners
University of Colorado Boulder alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Stough |
Lamotis () was an ancient region on the eastern coast of Cilicia Trachea, later Cilicia Aspera, between the Calycadnus river and the Lamos river. Its capital was Antiochia Lamotis. (Ptolemy Book V, ch. 8, § 6; Strabo, Geography, 14.5.6-7)
External links
Hazlitt's Classical Gazetteer
Ancient Cilicia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamotis |
Christian literature is the literary aspect of Christian media, and it constitutes a huge body of extremely varied writing.
Scripture
While falling within the strict definition of literature, the Bible is not generally considered literature. However, the Bible has been treated and appreciated as literature; the King James Version in particular has long been considered a masterpiece of English prose, whatever may be thought of its religious significance. Several retellings of the Bible, or parts of the Bible, have also been made with the aim of emphasising its literary qualities.
Christian devotional literature
Devotionals are often used by Christians in order to help themselves grow closer in their relationship with God and learn how to put their faith into practice.
Christian non-fiction
Letters, theological treatises and other instructive and devotional works have been produced by Christian authors since the times of Jesus. For early Christian times almost all writing would be non-fiction, including letters, biblical commentaries, doctrinal works and hagiography. See Patristics.
Since the invention of the printing press non-fictional literature has been used for the dissemination of the Christian message, and also for disseminating different viewpoints within Christianity. The tract (a small pamphlet containing an explanation of some point, or an appeal to the reader) was in use at the time of the Reformation and continues to be used as a part of proselytization.
Christian allegory
Allegory is a style of literature having the form of a story, but using symbolic figures, actions, or representations to express truths—Christian truths, in the case of Christian allegory. Beginning with the parables of Jesus, there has been a long tradition of Christian allegory, including Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, and Hannah Hurnard's Hinds' Feet on High Places.
Christian fiction
Christian fiction is sometimes harder to define than Christian non-fiction. Christian themes are not always explicit. Some Christian fiction, such as that of C. S. Lewis, draws on the allegorical writings of the past. There can also be argument as to whether the works of a Christian author are necessarily Christian fiction. For example, while there are undoubted Christian themes within J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, they are always kept below the surface. Other possible examples of Christian fiction include the works of G. K. Chesterton and George Macdonald.
In the last few decades the existence of a Christian subculture, particularly in North America, has given rise to a specific genre of Christian novel, written by and for Christians of a particular type (i.e., conservative Evangelical Protestants), and generally with explicit Christian themes. Unlike the works of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, such novels are often marketed exclusively to Christians and sold in Christian bookshops. The Christy Awards honour excellence in this genre.
In the late 20th century, with the rise of the Christian Right in American society, Christian-themed fiction has thrived. Examples include the works of Tim LaHaye, Jerry B. Jenkins, Frank Peretti, Ted Dekker, Tosca Lee, Randy Alcorn, Francine Rivers, Wayne Thomas Batson, and Janette Oke.
Within the field of Christian fiction smaller niche markets have emerged aimed at specific denominations, notably Catholic fiction and Latter Day Saints Fiction. There are also Christian fiction that is aimed at wider mainstream audiences, such as the best selling Left Behind series.
Christian poetry
Christian theatre
Throughout the medieval period churches in Europe frequently performed mystery plays, retelling the stories of the Bible. These became widespread in Europe by the end of the fifteenth century. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries these developed into the Morality play, an allegorical play intended to exhort the audience to the virtuous life.
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries theatre was generally seen as wicked, and the church made attempts to suppress it. In the twentieth century churches, particularly evangelical churches, rediscovered the use of theatre as a form of outreach and as a valid art form.
Christianity & Literature
Christianity & Literature is a peer-reviewed literary periodical, published quarterly, on literature's encounters with Christian thought and history. The journal presupposes no particular theological orientation but respects an orthodox understanding of Christianity as a historically defined faith. It is published by Sage and currently is edited by Mark Eaton, Matthew Smith, and Caleb Spencer, faculty at Azusa Pacific University.
Notable works
(philosophy, plays, lyrical poetry, biography, narrative writings, novels included, most of the theological and hagiographical works are not included )
Bible ( - AD 100) - numerous authors
The Book of Job in the Bible ( - 1000 BC) - unknown author
Psalms in the Bible, hymns, poems () - David
Life of St. Anthony English translation from Greek () - Athanasius of Alexandria
The Life of Paulus the First Hermit English translation from Latin (–375) - St. Jerome
The Life of St. Hilarion English translation from Latin () - St. Jerome
The Life of Malchus, the Captive Monk English translation from Latin () - St. Jerome
Liber Peristephanon () - Prudentius
Psychomachia () - Prudentius
The Confessions of St. Augustine (397-398 AD) - Augustine of Hippo
City of God (412) - Augustine of Hippo
The Easter Song English translation from Latin, first epic of Christendom (c. 450) - Coelius Sedulius
De spiritualis historiae gestis English translation from Latin (c. 510) - Avitus of Vienne
The Life of Charlemagne English translation from Latin (c. 825) - Einhard
Life of St Francis of Assisi English translation from Latin (c. 1260) - Bonaventure
Golden Legend English translation from Latin (c. 1260) - Jacobus de Voragine
Summa Theologica (1274) - Thomas Aquinas
The Divine Comedy (1308-1321) - Dante Alighieri
My Secret Book Imaginary dialogue with St Augustine (1343) - Petrarch
Imitation of Christ (1418) - Thomas à Kempis
Christiad (1535) epic - Marco Girolamo Vida
Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) - John Calvin
The City of the Sun utopian work (1602) - Tommaso Campanella
Lucifer (1654) - Joost van den Vondel
Paradise Lost (1667) - John Milton
Paradise Regained (1671) - John Milton
The Pilgrim's Progress (1678) - John Bunyan
The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints (1756) hagiography - Alban Butler
The Messiah (1748-1773) - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
Faust (1808) - Johann Wolfgang Goethe
The Christian Faith (1820) - Friedrich Schleiermacher
Cain (1821) - Lord Byron
Heaven and Earth (1821) - Lord Byron
A Christmas Carol (1843) - Charles Dickens
Christiad (1847) epic poem - William Alexander
The Tragedy of Man (1860) (play) - Imre Madách
Moses (1861) (play) - Imre Madách
At the Back of the North Wind (1871) - George MacDonald
The Temptation of Saint Anthony (Flaubert) (1874) - Gustave Flaubert
Daily Light on the Daily Path (c.1875) - published by Bagster & Sons
Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880) - Lew Wallace
The Brothers Karamazov (1880) - Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Quo Vadis (1895) (novel) - Henryk Sienkiewicz
In His Steps (1896) - Charles Monroe Sheldon
Orthodoxy (1908) - G. K. Chesterton
The Great Controversy(1911)-Ellen G.White
Saint Francis of Assisi (1923) - G. K. Chesterton
Joseph and His Brothers (1933 - 1943) - Thomas Mann
The Screwtape Letters (1942) - C. S. Lewis
The Robe (1942) - Lloyd C. Douglas
The Great Divorce (1945) - C. S. Lewis
Doctor Faustus (1947) - Thomas Mann
The Chronicles of Narnia (1950-1956) - C. S. Lewis
The Holy Sinner (Der Erwählte) (1951) - Thomas Mann
An Angel Comes to Babylon (play) (1953) - Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Christ Recrucified (The Greek Passion) (1954) - Nikos Kazantzakis
Hinds' Feet on High Places (1955) - Hannah Hurnard
The Last Temptation of Christ (1955) (novel) - Nikos Kazantzakis
Saint Francis (1956) (novel) - Nikos Kazantzakis
The Agony and the Ecstasy (1961) - Irving Stone
The Cross and the Switchblade (1962) - David Wilkerson
The Gold Coffin (1964) - Ferenc Móra
The Master and Margarita (1967) - Mikhail Bulgakov
The God Who Is There - Francis Schaeffer
A Christian Manifesto (1981) - Francis Schaeffer
How Now Shall We Live (1999) - Charles Colson
See also
American Catholic literature
Christian Latin literature
Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Evangelical Christian Publishers Association
Evangelical Press Association
Mennonite literature
Mormon fiction
Reformation era literature
References
Further reading
Brown, Candy G. (2004). The Word in the World: Evangelical Writing, Publishing, and Reading in America, 1789-1880. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 352 pages.
Harned, David Baily. Theology and the Arts. 1966. Reprint ed., Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2014.
Hein, David. "Christianity and the Arts." The Living Church, May 4, 2014, pp. 8–11. (This article presents a theological understanding of the role of the artist in contemporary society. It was the cover story for the Spring Book and Music Issue of this magazine.)
Moeller, Charles. Littérature du XXe Siècle et Christianisme. Casterman: Paris/Tournai, 6 vols., 1953–1993.
Nord, David P. (2004). Faith in Reading: Religious Publishing and the Birth of Mass Media in America. New York: Oxford University Press (USA). 222 pages.
O'Connor, Leo, F. (1984). Religion in the American Novel. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Reynolds, David S. (1981). Faith in Fiction: The Emergence of Religious Literature in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 280 pages.
Merrell, Richard (2012). Christian Poetry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20literature |
I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator is a 2006 freeware video game developed by Derek Yu, Chris Hanson, Philippe Jones, Alec Holowka and Christopher Howard Wolf. It was created as a satirical response to a challenge by anti-video game-violence activist and disbarred attorney Jack Thompson.
Background
This game was created and released in response to "A Modest Video Game Proposal" issued in late 2005 by activist attorney Jack Thompson, known for his opposition to sex and violence in entertainment, including computer and video games. This challenge dared computer game producers to release a game following a "script" he outlined, in which the grieving father of a child killed by a computer gamer takes vengeance by murdering many people connected with the gaming industry in a brutal manner. Thompson promised to contribute a $10,000 donation to the charity of choice of Paul Eibeler (then-chairman of Take-Two Interactive, one of the game companies most heavily criticized by Thompson) if such a game were released. However, he has since claimed that the proposal was only a joke, and currently, no charity has been designated by Eibeler. The makers of the gaming-related webcomic Penny Arcade have, however, made a $10,000 donation in Thompson's name to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, a philanthropic, grant-giving body run by the Entertainment Software Association.
The "O.K" in the title refers to the initials of the protagonist, Osaki Kim, but together with the first part of the game's name is also a play on the accusation that video game violence is being considered normal by manufacturers and gamers. The reference to a "Murder Simulator" refers to what Thompson regularly proclaimed all violent computer games to be.
I'm O.K is a side-scrolling video game with 16-bit era low-resolution graphics that shares (to a degree) the basic gameplay (and somewhat lowbrow humor) of the Metal Slug series.
References
External links
Download I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator at Derek Yu's website
2006 video games
Clickteam Fusion games
Freeware games
Indie games
Parody video games
Retro-style video games
Run and gun games
Satirical video games
Side-scrolling beat 'em ups
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in Los Angeles
Video games set in New York (state)
Video games set in Philadelphia
Windows games
Windows-only games
Video games designed by Derek Yu
Video games scored by Alec Holowka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20O.K%20%E2%80%93%20A%20Murder%20Simulator |
A keratometer, also known as an ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. It was invented by the German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851, although an earlier model was developed in 1796 by Jesse Ramsden and Everard Home.
A keratometer uses the relationship between object size (O), image size (I), the distance between the reflective surface and the object (d), and the radius of the reflective surface (R). If three of these variables are known (or fixed), the fourth can be calculated using the formula
There are two distinct variants of determining R; Javal-Schiotz type keratometers have a fixed image size and are typically 'two position', whereas Bausch and Lomb type keratometers have a fixed object size and are usually 'one position'.
Javal-Schiotz Principles
The Javal-Schiotz keratometer is a two position instrument which uses a fixed image and doubling size and adjustable object size to determine the radius of curvature of the reflective surface. It uses two self illuminated mires (the object), one a red square, the other a green staircase design, which are held on a circumferential track in order to maintain a fixed distance from the eye.
In order to get repeatable, accurate measurements, it is important that the instrument stays focused. It uses the Scheiner principle, common in autofocus devices, in which the converging reflected rays coming towards the eyepiece are viewed through (at least) two separate symmetrical apertures.
Bausch and Lomb principles
The Bausch and Lomb Keratometer is a one position keratometer that gives readings in dioptric form. It differs from the Javal-Schiotz in that object size is fixed, image size is the manipulable variable. The reflected rays are passed through a Scheiner disc with 4 apertures – As there are two prisms, each aligned perpendicular to the other, the major and minor axis powers can be measured independently without adjusting the orientation of the instrument.
In converting the measurements obtained from the corneal surface into a dioptric value, the B&L keratometer uses the general lens formula (n’-n)/R and assumes an n’ of 1.3375 (compared to the actual corneal refractive index of n’=1.376). This is a fictional value, which includes an allowance for the small, yet significant, negative power of the posterior corneal surface. This allows for a readout in both refractive power (dioptres) and radius of curvature (millimeters).
References
Gutmark R and Guyton DL. Origins of the Keratometer and its Evolving Role in Ophthalmology. Survey of Ophthalmology 2010; 55(5): 481-497
Javal L, Schiötz H. Un opthalmomètre pratique. Annales d’oculistique, Paris, 1881, 86: 5-21.
Ophthalmic equipment
Ophthalmology
Optometry
German inventions
Hermann von Helmholtz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratometer |
Thomas J. Herlihy, Jr. (November 29, 1956 – May 8, 2015) was an American politician and businessman. Herlihy, a Republican, was a resident of Simsbury, Connecticut. He was sworn in as a member of Simsbury's Board of Selectmen on December 7, 2009. Herlihy was the State Senator for the 8th Senatorial District from 1999 to 2009, representing the northwest suburbs of Hartford in the Farmington Valley and Litchfield County in the Connecticut Senate, including the towns of Avon, Barkhamsted, Canton, Colebrook, Granby, Hartland, Harwinton, New Hartford, Norfolk, Simsbury, and Torrington.
Biography
Herlihy was born in Queens, New York and received a B.S. in Education from the University of Hartford. He taught in the Simsbury School District and then worked in the insurance business. In 1983, he started his insurance business in Simsbury: the T. J. Herlihy Insurance. From 1987 to 1990, Herlihy was on Simsbury's Board of Selectmen. In 1991, he was elected to the Board of Finance and served as chairman in 1996. In 1997, he became the State Representative for the 16th Assembly District, a position he held until his election to the Senate. While at the General Assembly, Senator Herlihy was honored by the Connecticut State Firefighters Association for spearheading efforts to provide thermal imaging equipment for fire departments throughout Connecticut. After retiring from the Senate after five terms, Herlihy was once again re-elected to the Board of Selectmen on November 3, 2009. Herlihy died on May 8, 2015.
References
External links
http://www.4simsburysfuture.com/fullslate.html#TomHerlihy
http://www.4simsburysfuture.com/tomherlihy.html
1956 births
2015 deaths
People from Simsbury, Connecticut
Politicians from Queens, New York
University of Hartford alumni
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Educators from Connecticut
Republican Party members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
Republican Party Connecticut state senators
Educators from New York City
20th-century American businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Herlihy |
Ada Dyas (1843-1908) was an Irish actress. She made her London debut in 1861 in Henry IV, and became famous in the 1871 play based on Wilkie Collins's novel The Woman in White.
Career
Ada Dyas was the daughter of Mrs. Edward Dyas, "an actress of some ability attached to the London theatres". Ada made her London debut in 1861 in Henry IV, playing "Prince John of Lancaster".
Dyas gained a degree of popularity while touring with "Miss Marie Wilton's London Comedy Company", where she played as "Esther Eccles" in Thomas William Robertson's Caste. In 1871 she was in the original cast of Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White which opened at the Olympic Theatre on October 9, playing both "Laura Fairlie" and "Anne Caherick". In 1873 she was at the Vaudeville Theater.
Dyas's first American appearance was under the management of Augustin Daly in 1872 at the Fifth Avenue Theatre, in New York, in Man and Wife, based on the Wilkie Collins's novel. Daly was a disciplinarian who set firm rules forbidding members of the company to leave the city without permission, even if they were not on the evening's bill, nor were they free to speak to visitors in the Greenroom. Dyas was one of those who took exception to the regulations and left to join Wallack's.
Later, at Wallack's, her most successful rôles were those of Kate Hardcastle, Lady Teazle in The School for Scandal, Lady Gay Spanker, Lydia Languish, and especially that of Claire Ffolliott in Boucicault's The Shaughraun. After Wallack's she became a member of the Madison Square Company.
Albert Ellery Berg said of Dyas, she "...has a crisp, bright style which she uses with fine intelligence".
She toured as Mrs. Ralston in Jim the Penman and as Mrs. Seabrooke in Captain Swift. In 1892 she played Goneril in Sir Henry Irving's revival of King Lear at the London Lyceum.
Her performance in The Shaughraun is mentioned in Edith Wharton's 1920 novel The Age of Innocence.
Ada Dyas died in Seaton, England in 1908.
References
1843 births
1908 deaths
British stage actresses
Irish stage actresses
19th-century Irish actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada%20Dyas |
Robert W. Heagney is a former member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, representing Simsbury, Connecticut, the 16th House Assembly District, for the Republican Party. He is also a lawyer.
Personal life
After graduating from Simsbury High School, Rob earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Saint Anselm College in 1975 and later received his Juris Doctor from the University of Bridgeport School of Law, now Quinnipiac University, in 1980.
Heagney lives in Simsbury with his wife Barbara and four children: Walker, Kathleen, Emmet, and Addison.
As House member
Electoral history
Heagney served as a Republican representative for four terms from 1999-2007. In the 2006 election, he was defeated by Democrat Linda Schofield.
Legislation
Heagney's legislative record includes, in 1999 and 2000, an increase in state aid for the town of Simsbury - representing the most significant increase in state funding for Simsbury in over a decade.
As a member of the Education Committee, Heagney helped pass a bill that permanently bans anyone convicted of a serious felony from teaching in Connecticut and fought for expediting special education reimbursement for excess or unforeseen costs.
In 2003, Heagney introduced legislation that requires the state's community-technical colleges, Connecticut State University System, and the University of Connecticut to allow members of the armed services that are called into active duty during the school year to take the classes they paid for without additional charges upon their return. The measure prevents reservists and full-time members of the armed services, who have already paid tuition costs to state colleges and universities, from losing the funds they have paid to those schools once they have been called to serve the country.
In addition, Rob has voted for $500 million in tax relief for families and businesses, enhanced funding of the state’s open space acquisition program, and lead local opposition to the purchase of Village Water by the Bridgeport Hydraulic Company.
Positions in administration
He served as the Ranking Member of the Education Committee (2000–2004).
For the 2005-07 legislative sessions, his fourth term in office, he was Minority Whip of the Republican grouping and a member of the General Assembly’s Education, Higher Education, and Banks committees.
Other public roles
He was a hearing officer for the state’s Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities from 1985–99, and was selected to serve on the Secretary of State’s Task Force on Citizenship Subcommittee from 1990-1994.
He was elected to Simsbury’s Board of Finance in 1993. Heagney was appointed Chairman in 1996, and served in that manner until being elected to the Connecticut General Assembly in 1998. Serving as a Simsbury Selectman from 1989–1993, Rob additionally served on various boards including the Simsbury Affordable Housing Partnership Board from 1988 to 1997; the Simsbury Affordable Housing Coalition from 1988–1990; the Simsbury Planning Commission from 1987–1989; and the Simsbury Republican Town Committee from 1987-2005.
Law career
Heagney is admitted to practice before the courts of the State of Connecticut, the U.S. Second District Court of Appeals. He was General Counsel at Wellington underwriting, Inc in Hartford. He was before that a partner with Gilman & Marks, an East Hartford law firm, and was also a partner with Austin & Heagney from 1980-1984.
Leisure and voluntary work
He is the past president of the Simsbury Little League, a post he served in for nine years, and has held other volunteer leadership posts including Vice-President of the Board of Directors of Simsbury’s "A Better Chance". The Heagney family also served as a "Host Family" for an ABC Student.
References
External links
Official Connecticut General Assembly Website
House Republicans Website
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
University of Bridgeport alumni
Saint Anselm College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20W.%20Heagney |
L.C. Anderson High School is a public high school located in the city of Austin, Texas, United States. It is a part of the Austin Independent School District. The school is named for Laurine Cecil (L.C.) Anderson who served as principal of Prairie View Normal Institute (now Prairie View A&M University), founded the Colored Teachers State Association of Texas (CTSAT) and served as principal of the original Anderson (then E.H. Anderson) from 1896 to 1929. L.C. Anderson opened at its current location on Mesa Dr. in 1973.
Extracurricular activities
State titles
Boys' Golf
Team: 1994 (4A), 1995 (4A), 1997 (4A), 1998 (4A), 2022 (5A)
Girls' Golf
Team: 2022 (5A)
Boys' Swimming & Diving
Girls' Swimming & Diving
Team: 1974, 1982
Girls' Lacrosse
2022 (5A)
Original Anderson High School
The original L.C. Anderson High School served as Austin's East Side high school, serving the city's African American population from 1889 until 1971. The original Anderson was housed at 4 different locations before it was closed in 1971 as part of desegregation efforts, the current high school was opened in 1973 at its present site. The school was originally named after Earnest H. Anderson, who served as principal of Prairie View Normal Institution from 1879 to 1885. In 1938, it was renamed for his brother, L. C. Anderson, who served as the school's principal from 1896 to 1929.
Previous locations:
1889–1908: Corner of San Marcos St and East 11th St
1908–1913: Olive St (became an elementary school until late 1940s)
1913–1953: Corner of Pennsylvania Ave and Comal St (site of present day Kealing Middle School, building burned in the 1980s)
1953–1971: 900 Thompson St (later served as AISD's Alternative Learning Center, building was demolished and reopened as the new site of Eastside Early College High School in 2021
The Yellow Jackets won the PVIL Football State Championship in 1942, 1956, 1957 and 1961 and finished runner-up in 1940 and 1945.
State titles
Football
1942 (PVIL 2A), 1956 (PVIL 3A), 1957 (PVIL 3A), 1961 (PVIL 4A)
Notable alumni
Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson - Former NFL football player
Dick “Night Train” Lane - Former NFL football player
Willie Wells - Negro league baseball player
Dr. W. Charles Akins - graduated in 1950 and served as a teacher at old Anderson and later as the 1st principal of the new Anderson from 1973 to 1982. Akins High School in South Austin is named after him
Notable alumni
Rasmus Bach – basketball player
Mehcad Jason McKinley Brooks – actor
Kris Clack – basketball player
Ben Fricke – NFL football player
Alex Jones – radio host and conspiracy theorist
Bobby Micho – Former NFL football player
Ron Nirenberg – San Antonio mayor
Justin Ruggiano – former Major League Baseball player
Lee Tunnell - former Major League Baseball player
References
External links
Anderson High School
Educational institutions established in 1973
High schools in Austin, Texas
Austin Independent School District high schools
International Baccalaureate schools in Texas
1973 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20High%20School%20%28Texas%29 |
The Limonlu River ( Lamos; Latin: Lamus), also known as Gökler Deresi, is a river of ancient Cilicia, now in Mersin Province, Turkey.
The river rises at Yüğlük Dağı in the Taurus mountains and flows through deep gorges to the southwest until it reaches the Mediterranean Sea at Limonlu (the ancient Antiochia Lamotis) in the district of Erdemli. About halfway along its course it is receives the Susama Deresi from the west as a tributary.
In the town of Limonlu, about 500 metres west of the river mouth on a flat hill on the right bank is the Medieval castle . Below the castle a late Ottoman bridge crosses the river, probably on the site of an earlier Roman bridge. North of the town are the remains of an aqueduct, which carried water from the river west to the ancient towns of Elaiussa Sebaste and Corycus.
History
The ancient name of the river was Lamos (, Latinised as Lamus, Arabic: اللامس, al-Lāmis). The river formed the boundary between Rough Cilicia (Kilikia Tracheia) to the west and Flat Cilicia (Kilikia Pedias) to the east. At its mouth was the city Antiochia Lamotis, earlier Lamos, formerly the capital of the surrounding region, the Lamotis. Later it formed the eastern edge of the Byzantine theme of Seleucia (Silifke), part of the border region of the empire known as the Kleisoura. Thus, the river formed part of the empire's border with the Islamic Caliphate. During the 9th–10th centuries, the river was the site of several Arab–Byzantine prisoner exchanges. The first of these exchanges occurred in 797 or 805 in the reign of the Caliph Harun ar-Rashid and the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I. Within twelve days, 3700 Arabic prisoners were released. The final prisoner exchange took place in 946 under Constantine VII and Al-Muti. 2482 Muslim men and women were released, 230 were kept in captivity. Later exchanges took place elsewhere, since it subsequently belonged to the Byzantines.
References
Geography of ancient Cilicia
Rivers of Turkey
Rivers of Mersin Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonlu%20River |
Todd Duncan Astle (born 24 September 1986) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played for the New Zealand national cricket team. Astle began his cricket career as an opening batsman, representing New Zealand in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup, but over time playing first-class cricket for Canterbury, he morphed into a bowling all-rounder. He made his Test cricket debut for New Zealand in 2012 in Sri Lanka, but did not play another international match until 2015. He represented New Zealand in all three forms of the game, but was unable to keep a consistent place in the team in any format because of regular injury problems and competition with other spin bowlers. In January 2020, Astle retired from first-class cricket to focus on limited-overs cricket. In February 2023 he retired from all forms of professional cricket.
Early life and career
Astle was born in Palmerston North in New Zealand in 1986, the son of first-class cricketer Alec Astle, who played three top-level cricket matches for Central Districts in the 1970s. Astle began his cricket career as an opening batsman, but over time morphed into an all-rounder with his leg spin bowling.
Astle opened the batting for the New Zealand under-19s in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup and did not bowl a ball. He finished the cup as the third-highest run-scorer, only behind future Test cricketers Cheteshwar Pujara from India and Eoin Morgan from Ireland. Astle made his debut for state side Cantebury in the first-class Plunket Shield in December 2005, and for the next four years played primarily as an opening batsman.
Astle was an overseas professional for Aberdeenshire C.C. for the 2008 and 2009 seasons, starring with bat and ball. The club had a historic season in 2009, winning the SNCL Premier League and the Scottish Cup.
Astle failed to make his mark for Canterbury as a batsman and wasn't able to stay in the team consistently. The turning point of his career came in March 2010. He wasn't even selected to play for Canterbury in a Plunket Shield match against Otago, but when Canterbury fast bowler Chris Martin was called up to the national team he had to leave the match after two days and Astle was brought into the team to replace him. In the final innings, Astle took his first five-wicket haul in a first-class match to help Canterbury win the match by 158 runs. In the following 2010–11 season, Astle took 37 wickets at an average of 29.08, both becoming Canterbury's best bowler and winning the championship. He followed this up with another strong season in 2011–12, taking a further 31 wickets.
In October 2019, during the Plunket Shield match against Wellington, Astle became the first bowler for Canterbury to take 300 first-class wickets. In June 2020, he was offered a contract by Canterbury ahead of the 2020–21 domestic cricket season.
International career
Test debut
Astle was first included in the New Zealand national cricket team's squad in 2012 when he was named as New Zealand's second spinner for their tour of Sri Lanka in 2012. He made his Test debut for the Blackcaps against Sri Lanka on 25 November 2012. He scored 35 runs in the second innings in a key partnership with Ross Taylor of 107. He took his first wicket also in the second innings by removing Prasanna Jayawardene. Rather than this debut being the start of a long career for Astle, he didn't play another Test for years and was just one of a number of spinners to go through the New Zealand Test team during an injury to Daniel Vettori.
Return to international cricket
For the next three years, Astle did not return to New Zealand's national team in any form of the game. In 2015 he was selected to play for New Zealand A, and in a first-class match against Sri Lanka A took just the second ten-wicket haul of his first-class career. He took four wickets in the first innings and seven wickets in the second innings to finish with eleven for the match. This performance and a successful 2015–16 Ford Trophy put him back into the selection frame for the national team, and in January 2016 he was named in New Zealand's squad for a series of Twenty20 Internationals against Pakistan. He made his Twenty20 International debut on 15 January 2016, and played in the first two matches of the three-match series. He didn't take any wickets and conceded 41 runs from 4 overs across the two matches, so ahead of the final match he was released from the national squad and returned to playing for Canterbury.
Astle became one of the best players in New Zealand's domestic cricket competitions, both in limited overs cricket and in the Plunket Shield, which gave him opportunities to play more international cricket matches for New Zealand. He returned to the national squad in the 2016–17 summer to replace the injured Mitchell Santner. He was the only specialist spin bowler named to play in a two-Test series against Pakistan. His selection received praise from Pakistan's coach, Mickey Arthur, who said that Astle was an "interesting choice" and an "attacking spinner". Astle played in the first Test of the series, the second of his career, but didn't score any runs and only bowled four overs. He was then included in New Zealand's squad for the 2016–17 Chappell-Hadlee Trophy, but he did not play a game in the series.
2017–2019, Injury woes
Astle was part of a New Zealand A squad for a tour of India in 2017, and he was the team's best bowler. In a one-day match against India A, he took bowling figures of 4/22, which former Indian Test batsman Rahul Dravid called one of the best leg spin spells he'd seen in Indian conditions. In October 2017, Astle was named in New Zealand's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against India, giving him a chance to make his ODI debut, but during a warm-up match against the Indian Presidents XI he tore his groin just three deliveries into his bowling spell. He was ruled out due to his injury and pulled from the squad.
Astle returned home, and once fit again he played his 100th first-class match for Canterbury and was able to re-join the New Zealand ODI squad against the West Indies. He finally made his ODI debut for New Zealand on 20 December 2017. His first ODI series was a successful one: on debut he took 3 wickets for 33, using his wrong 'un well and rarely bowling a poor ball, then in the 2nd ODI he scored 49 runs as part of a 130-run partnership with Henry Nicholls, New Zealand's highest ever sixth-wicket partnership against the West Indies. In March 2018, he was named in New Zealand's Test squad for their series against England, replacing Mitchell Santner, who was ruled out due to injury, and in a day-night Test match in Auckland he took three wickets in the second innings, leading New Zealand to victory. Unfortunately he also suffered a side strain during the match, denying him the chance to play in the next Test match at his home ground Hagley Oval. Regardless, his form in both ODIs and Test matches was enough to give him a contract for the 2018–19 season with New Zealand Cricket, his first central contract after 12 years of first-class cricket.
Astle was one of three spinners, along with Ajaz Patel and Ish Sodhi, named in New Zealand's squad for a series against Pakistan, and ahead of the series he played tour matches in the United Arab Emirates for New Zealand A to prepare and fight for a spot in the team. After he played well for New Zealand A he took a few days off to recover from kneecap irritation. He was initially only expected to miss the first ODI against Pakistan, but he was later ruled out of the tour altogether and forced to return home early. Astle recovered from his injury and returned to first-class cricket in New Zealand, where in February 2019, during the 2018–19 Plunket Shield season, he became the leading wicket-taker for Canterbury, going past Mark Priest's total of 290 dismissals.
Astle returned to New Zealand's national team in February for their home ODI and Test series against Bangladesh. Because of his strong form and Ish Sodhi's struggles, he appeared to be New Zealand's favoured second spinner for the 2019 Cricket World Cup alongside Mitchell Santner, but when New Zealand announced their squad in April 2019 they selected Sodhi rather than Astle because Sodhi had more international experience.
Following the World Cup, Astle was among four spin bowlers chosen to play for New Zealand in their Test series in Sri Lanka, where he'd made his Test debut seven years earlier.
2020 onwards
In November 2019, Astle was named in New Zealand's Test squad for their Test series against Australia. He played in the third Test of the series, taking 3 wickets overall in the match.
Astle was named in New Zealand's T20I squad for their T20I series against Bangladesh. He only played in the third T20I and finished with his career best T20I figures of 4-13 which included the wickets of Mohammad Naim, Najmul Hossain Shanto, Afif Hossain and Mahedi Hasan. In August 2021, Astle was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, where he did not get a game. He was then selected for a T20 series against India, and returned with unimpressive figures of 0/34 in 3 overs in the first T20 at Jaipur.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Cricketers from Palmerston North
Canterbury cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand Twenty20 International cricketers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20Astle |
Whitworth Park is a public park in south Manchester, England, and the location of the Whitworth Art Gallery. To the north are the University of Manchester's student residences known as "Toblerones". It was historically in Chorlton on Medlock but is now included in the Moss Side ward.
The park, of some opposite Manchester Royal Infirmary, was opened in 1890 on land known as Potters Field. The park was leased to the Corporation of Manchester by the Whitworth Trustees in October 1904 on a 1000-year lease for a nominal annual rent of £10.
A statue of King Edward VII by John Cassidy on the east side, unveiled in 1913, commemorates the royal visit when the new Royal Infirmary was opened in 1909. The bronze statue, mounted on a square, stepped granite plinth and pedestal, is a grade II listed structure.
A sign in the park referring to a meteor that fell on the night of Friday 13 February 2015, and was lost, is a hoax commemorative plaque by artist Cornelia Parker which actually refers to 'Blakeian Abstract', one of her artworks which was specifically created for the Whitworth Art Gallery's February 2015 opening.
Fauna
Amongst the birdlife to have been spotted in the park are the goldfinch, greenfinch, ring necked parakeet, fieldfare, redwing and waxwing. Concerns have been raised as to whether feral parakeets in Great Britain are an invasive species causing harm to native wildlife.
See also
List of hoax commemorative plaques
References
Parks and commons in Manchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitworth%20Park |
is the fourth anime installment of the Zoids franchise. It tells the story of Ruuji Familon, a young boy who finds a Liger-type Zoid during a salvage mission. Initially, the village is attacked by Bio-Raptor Bio-Zoids, and later a Bio-Megaraptor. After the village generator is destroyed in combat, Ruuji takes the Murasame Liger Zoid and leaves the village alongside Ra-Kan and Rei Mii to find a generator mechanic or the village will be destroyed. Through his journey Ruuji learns he must fight against Digald. It aired on TV Tokyo from April 2005 to March 2006.
In July 2006, the series was announced to appear as a part of Toonami Jetstream, an online internet streaming project featuring current Toonami shows and all-new titles. Viz Media has indeed licensed the show as of August 2007,. However, Toonami Jetstream was removed from the internet shortly after the Toonami television block was removed, so it is unknown if Zoids: Genesis will ever get a North American release, online or otherwise. It has been shown, however, in several markets of South East Asia with local English dubbing on Cartoon Network Saturday mornings..
Series background
Much like Zoids: Fuzors, Genesis still takes place on Planet Zi, and also seems to share no connection to the previous series. The show takes a more post-apocalyptic setting, following a cataclysmic environmental/geological event known as "Gods' Fury" that has destroyed much of the civilizations on Zi and devastated the planet. Many of Zi's survivors have created new civilizations with the use of giant structures called "Generators" that are scattered around the planet. However, out of the ashes of "Gods' Fury", the technology of the Zoids still existed and are constantly excavated for human use. The show returns to the more adventurous and war-themed styles reminiscent of Zoids: Chaotic Century. It focuses on a boy named Ruuji who lives in a small seaside village called Miroodo and eventually becomes the pilot of the Murasame Liger after excavating it from the ocean.
Plot
Generations ago on planet Zi, at the height of human development, Zoids were used in an epic war that eventually led to the destruction of the world. So devastated was the world that the planet was barely habitable for humanity and nature. The catastrophe was named "Gods' Fury" and was considered a supernatural event by locals who believed the world was punished because of humanity's foolishness.
Using one of their most powerful and largest Zoids, the surviving people of this conflict rode on Gildragons for safety and shelter. While one group returned to the earth and founded Iron Rock City, another group built a floating city in the heavens called Sky City. The people there rebuilt their society and eventually began researching ways to restore the planet. After many years of research, they planned to use their advanced bio-mechanical technology to restore the world in order to eventually re-inhabit the land their ancestors almost destroyed; as they lived in their advanced city, they became hubris, comfortable where they are and no longer desired to return.
Although not returning, the technology they developed was implemented upon the planet, which utilized to what the surviving locals refer as generators. It has unique capabilities to maintain energy and growth for machinery and life in the surrounding area. Eventually, Sky City would encounter energy depletion and scouted Zi with their own secret agents. As other agents monitored the growth and progress of the humans that survived "Gods' Fury," others approached people to make special arrangements. The council of Sky City chose a city called Digu and traded off advanced technology for Reggel (universal energy resource, like oil, from their generators). Their arrangement not only involved treaties, but also sending a Sky citizen to be adopted as part of the agreement. The King of Digu would accept Jiin as his son and Digu has since invested resources and developed their own technologies to form their own army, the Digald Army. Eventually, Digald would mass-produce their own special units, Bio-Zoids (a nigh-indestructible unit in combat, only weakness is weapons made of Zi-alloy and damage inside its mouth), with the aid of technology provided by Iron Rock.
The Bio Zoids were made in rapid numbers and gradually started conquering neighboring villages, towns, and cities that had generators to help produce more energy for Digald's energy consumption. They used special stones that could detect a human's ability to pilot a Bio-Zoid and drafted them into Digald forces, never to see their friends and family again. Though known and feared throughout the continent, people couldn't do much to defend themselves as their Zoids were no match against the formidable armor of the Bio-Zoids and they couldn't survive without having a generator; people either surrendered or were destroyed.
The story of Zoids Genesis actually begins around here, as Lord Ra-Kan (heir to the Kira Kingdom) roams the world with Princess Mii (niece to Ra-Kan) after his kingdom has fallen to Digald. Though his kingdom had fallen, Kira's survivors rebuilt a new city called Zuuri in a new secret location far from Digald's influence. Young Ruuji Familon was working with his father to help recover Zoids from the bottom of the ocean in their village, Miroodo. While Mii and Ra-Kan was within the local area, so was Major Zairin (a top commander of Digald). Zairin would discover that Miroodo had a small generator for Digald forces to claim; his troops arrived and attacked Miroodo. Ruuji could never activate a Zoid, but the situation was dire and he jumped into the just-excavated Murasame Liger (that utilizes a Zi-alloy katana). This Zoid answered to Ruuji's call and activated to aid him against the Bio-Raptors attacking his village.
Ra-Kan and Mii joined Ruuji in their fight against Digald. Eventually, a battle between Zairin and Ruuji lead to the accidental damage to Miroodo's generator. With the generator damaged, this led to the fear of Miroodo's destruction (as all settlements depended on them); Ra-Kan agreed to aid Ruuji in finding a generator mechanic. This quest for finding a generator repairman would lead Ruuji to befriend Kotona (formally trained assassin of Iron Rock), Garaga (former anti-Digald rebel leader), Ron (Sky City spy agent), and Seijuurou (former Zoid champion and Ruuji's combat teacher; dying from cancer). In between Ruuji's quest, they discovered Murasame Liger had the ability to evolt (change combat forms) into Hayate Liger (high-speed combat form) and it played a pivotal role in their survival. Eventually though, Ruuji and his Liger would play a larger role in things to come.
Through their adventures, Ruuji was unable to find a person capable of repairing the generator; his travels made him realize even if the generator could be fixed, Digald's expansion will eventually rule everything including Miroodo; Ruuji suggested to Ra-Kan to fight against Digald and eventually Ra-Kan agreed that Digald's expansion couldn't continue. With the resources and forces of Zuuri, Ra-Kan began organizing a counter-offense army. They invited many resistance groups to their cause, but only a few had interest in joining them as there was strong fear and reluctance to confront the Digald Army; with the eventual successes of the Digald Suppression Army, their reputation garnered the attention of many and their forces eventually grew in numbers.
Ron had always been concerned about Jiin's activities and secretly utilized his advanced resources to help Ruuji and Ra-Kan; the team was eventually introduced to Sky City (where Seijuurou was cured of his condition) in hopes to convince the council to provide aid in their cause. Unfortunately, the council was not moved to assist as they felt the troubles below don't concern them nor thought of Jiin as a serious threat against their superior technologies; that would be proven terribly wrong. In Sky City's hubris, Jiin betrayed his own people and launched Bio-Raptor Guis on an aerial assault against Sky City and sank the citadel; many of its citizens survived and found refuge in Zuuri, but they had difficulty adapting to primitive life and forced to recognize their conceit. It was only then the Sky City elders revealed their original intent to the rebellion: they intended Jiin to take over Digald to have an Earth-based vassal force for military might as well as long term reggel supply. Unfortunately, Jiin's ambition was too great and they were betrayed by their overconfidence in controlling him, leading to their demise. With Sky City destroyed, there was no real power left to oppose him, except for the resistance forces, which he considered as a mere nuisance.
Meanwhile, Jiin's power and influence grew within Digu. After the death of their king, Jiin declared himself emperor and eventually a god to Digald. His new policies were not only more draconian, but it alienated many of the officers under Jiin. However, it was not an issue to Jiin, since he is able to extract human souls into the bodies of Bio-Zoid droid pilots; he tripled his forces without the need for human pilots. Zairin was obsessed with defeating Ruuji until he discovered the shocking truth of their bolstered forces, it snapped him out of his obsession and caused him to defect. Eventually, word had spread within Digald forces about their pilots were extracted human souls, many of Digald Forces defected to the Digald Suppression Army.
After long hard battles against Digald Forces, it was an unusual alliance when most of the human officers of Digald defected to the anti-Digald army. Ruuji felt their anti-Digald army title was no longer appropriate and renamed themselves the Jiin Suppression Army. A large final battle was waged against Jiin in his Bio-Tyranno. After a very difficult fight, Ruuji destroyed Jiin with Mugen Liger (evolt form after Hayate Liger) and ended the conflict to restore peace to the lands. After the battle, it was discovered that Murasame Liger had unique regeneration technologies that can help revive Miroodo's generator; Ruuji returned to his village and helped restore life back to his hometown.
Characters
Ruuji Familon
Ra-Kan
Rei-Mii
Kotona Elegance
Thunder Galaga
Ron Mangan
Seijuurou
Tize
Hou
Paruburo
Dinga
Hakku
Danbul
Gaball
Kanpyuu
Zantsu
Bon Tigger
Zairin
Jiin
Felme
Georg
Souta/Gin
Whips De Zaltz
Muteki-Dan
Rinna Elegance
Zoids
Despite the disaster a thousand years ago, Zoids are still in use by the nations and cities of planet Zi. The main difference between other series is the use of a substance called Regel. Originating from a series of tree-like generators that help maintain the planet's ecosystem, Regel is an orange, sap-like fluid which Zoids depend on. Because of the sheer size and intake volume needed, it is possible that Zoids use it for maintenance functions, like lubricant oil, rather than as an energy source; it may also be used in this way to prevent Zoids from spreading too far away from human control.
Protagonist Zoids
The seven Zoids used by the protagonists are all armed with a metal Zi weapon, capable of disintegrating Digald armor. Because of their inferior numbers, they are occasionally overwhelmed by greater forces. The seven Zoids are;
Murasame Liger: Ruuji's Liger-type Zoid
Sword Wolf: Ra-Kan's wolf-type Zoid.
Lance Stag: Rei Mii's moose-type Zoid.
Rainbow Jerk: A peafowl-type aerial Zoid piloted by Kotona Elegance.
Deadly Kong: A large gorilla-type Zoid piloted by Garaga.
Bambu Lion: A panda-type Zoid piloted by Ron.
Soul Tiger: A Zoid that resembles the Rayse Tiger, except that it's white and the "energy lines" are red instead of green. It has four large claws on each paw and is very fast. Piloted by Seijuurou.
Digald Zoids
The militaristic nation of Digald has been steadily expanding across planet Zi, meeting little opposition. Occupied cities have their populations used as forced labor or Zoid pilots. The key to their success has been a silver-plating over their Zoids, which is immune to beam-weaponry. However, it is extremely vulnerable to high temperatures, or the effect of weapons made from a substance called metal Zi. Upon contact with either of these, the silver-coating melts and evaporates, and the internal crimson structure disintegrates, leaving only bleached white skeletons.
Zoids piloted by higher-ranking officers have gold claws or spikes that can block metal Zi weapons, though these are rare. The pilots, unlike most Zoids, remain suspended in a dark cockpit, and wear bulky suits with connecting wires to control their Zoids. Most are controlled using humanoid drones with rotary, three-eyed helmets, later revealed to be the drained consciousness of occupied peoples encased in robotic forms. Later model commander-type Bio-zoids such as the Bio-Volcano and presumably the Bio-Kentro have armor made of crystal that are completely resistant to Metal Zi weapons.
Episode list
Theme songs
Opening
"夜鷹の夢" (Yotaka no Yume, Nighthawk's Dream) by Do As Infinity
Endings
"Real Love" by PARADISE GO!!GO!!
"ありのままでLovin'U (Arino Mamade Lovin'U)" by Shizuka Ito (Kotona) & Kimiko Koyama (Re Mii) (First Airing ep. 29)
"握りしめたその手に (Nigirishimeta sono Te ni)" by Shizuka Ito (Kotona) & Kimiko Koyama (Re Mii) (First Airing ep. 44)
Notes
There is doubt whether or not the series actually takes place on Zi. Both the "Generators" and the Zoid fuel "Reggel" (a red, viscous liquid that occurs naturally) have never appeared in any previous Zoids material, however since the planetary catastrophe, the make-up of Planet Zi is now completely different, mostly due to the seeding of the "Generators" throughout the planet. Additionally, a map on the back of the limited Lanstag model depicts a continent that does not match any of Zi's four continents at all. There was a planetary catastrophe of extreme magnitude, the continents would have taken new forms, everything about Planet Zi changed. However, the intro does state that the Zoids live on Planet Zi. All other zoids series have taken place on Planet Zi in chronological order, with Zoids Genesis taking place far after Zoids: Fuzors. During the Zoids: Genesis series, the fact is revealed that a far more advanced way-of-life existed on their planet. Zoids: Fuzors is the only zoids series to have featured an advanced civilization, which occurs before Zoids: Genesis. With a planetary catastrophe of such magnitude, causing the surviving populace across the entire planet to return to the stone age, even the name of said homeworld can become forgotten with time.
What is notable about the Zoids featured in the said intro is that all of them are Zoids from the previous series, Zoids Fuzors. Some of the identifiable ones are as follows:
Scissor Storm
König Wolf MkII
Gorhecks
Dispelow
Energy Liger
Gojulas Giga
Godos
Styluarmor
Gairyuki
Storm Sworder
Seismosaurus
Berserk Führer (Fury)
Evo Flyer
Guysak
Blade Liger
Liger Zero
Game appearances
Zoids: Genesis first appearance in video games is in Zoids Saga DS: Legend of Arcadia for the Nintendo DS.
Zoids Genesis also featured extensively in Zoids:Full Metal Crash (released October 27, 2005) for Nintendo Gamecube. Murasame Liger and Deadly Kong are playable Zoids. Ruuji Familon, Rei Mii, Thunder Garaga and Zairin are available as selectable/playable pilots.
The series was included in the Super Robot Wars game Super Robot Wars K, also for the Nintendo DS. This came as a surprise to many SRW fans given that the video game franchise is developed by merchandising rival Namco Bandai; Sunrise (a Namco Bandai subsidiary) was involved in the other series owned by Takara-Tomy that have been featured in SRW.
ZOIDS Genesis made its return to SRW and was featured along with ZOIDS: Chaotic Century in Super Robot Wars: Operation Extend
External links
Official Zoids Genesis homepage
Japanese children's animated action television series
Japanese children's animated adventure television series
Japanese children's animated science fiction television series
Adventure anime and manga
Mecha anime and manga
Viz Media anime
Genesis
TV Tokyo original programming
Television shows based on Takara Tomy toys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoids%3A%20Genesis |
Isaac ben Abba Mari (c. 1122 – c. 1193) was a Provençal rabbi who hailed from Marseilles. He is often simply referred to as "Ba'al ha-Ittur," after his Magnum opus, Ittur Soferim.
Biography
Isaac's father, a great rabbinical authority, who wrote commentaries on the Talmud and responsa, was his teacher. In his "Ittur" Isaac often mentions as another of his teachers his uncle, who, according to a manuscript note was a pupil of Isaac Alfasi. Isaac carried on a friendly correspondence with Rabbeinu Tam, whom he was in the habit of consulting on doubtful questions, though not as a pupil consults a teacher. Abraham ben Nathan of Lunel and Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne were related to him, while the latter's son-in-law, Raavad, frequently consulted him on scientific questions.
Sefer haIttur
Isaac began his literary activity at the age of seventeen, when, at his father's suggestion, he wrote "Shechitah uTerefot," rules for the slaughtering of animals and the eating of their flesh. At about the same time he wrote a small work on the precepts concerning tzitzit, at the request of Sheshet Benveniste "ha-Nasi" of Barcelona. Both works form a part of the legal codex "Ittur," or "Ittur Soferim," which occupied Isaac about twenty-three years (from 1170 to 1193). Until modern times only the first part of this work was known (Venice, 1608); the whole codex was published first by Schönblum (Lemberg, 1860), and included Isaac's "Aseret ha-Dibrot," which is really only a special name for a part of the Ittur.
The Ittur contains, in three parts, almost a complete code of laws, and is divided as follows:
Part 1: jurisprudence, including the laws of marriage and divorce;
Part 2: laws of shechitah and permissible meat, circumcision, tzitzit, tefillin, marriage ceremonies;
Part 3: "Aseret ha-Dibrot," covering the laws of the following ten subjects: (1) Sukkot (2) lulav; (3) hallel; (4) shofar; (5) Yom Kippur; (6) megillah; (7) Hanukkah; (8) prohibition of chametz on Passover; (9) matzah and maror; (10) general laws for holidays.
The book belongs to the classic productions of rabbinical literature in France. Isaac shows in this work a knowledge of the two Talmuds such as almost no other person of his time possessed. With works on the Geonim, among them many responsa and treatises which are otherwise unknown to-day, he shows the same familiarity as with the productions of the northern French Talmudists. At the same time he proceeds independently in his criticism, without regard to the age or reputation of former authorities, and spares not even the Geonim and Isaac Alfasi, though he admired them greatly.
Impact
While Spanish and German Talmudists, up to the time of the Tur," often mentioned the Ittur, and authorities like Rashba, Rosh, Mordechai, and several others refer to this work, after the appearance and wide circulation of the "Tur" it soon shared the fate of many other codices (as, for example, Avraham ben Isaac's "Eshkol"), and fell into disuse. Joseph Caro was the first who, after a long interval, made use of the Ittur, but even he does not appear to have had the whole work before him.
At the end of the seventeenth century Jacob b. Israel Sason wrote a commentary to a part of the Ittur, under the title "Bnei Ya'akov" (Constantinople, 1704). In the eighteenth century the following authors wrote commentaries to the work: Eliezer b. Jacob ("Nachum"; not published); Abraham Giron ("Tikkun Soferim uMikra Soferim" (Constantinople, 1756, with text); Jacob b. Abraham de Boton gives fragments of his commentary to the Ittur in his collection of responsa, "Edut beYa'akov" (Salonica, 1720); while a similar work by Solomon al-Gazi was lost during its author's lifetime. Samuel Schönblum published an edition of the Ittur annotated by himself. Meïr Jonah b. Samuel wrote a very exhaustive and learned commentary.
Other works
Isaac wrote also marginal notes to Alfasi's "Halakhot," with the title "Me'ah She'arim," which appeared for the first time in a Wilna edition of Alfasi (1881-97). No trace has been preserved of his commentary to Ketubot, which he quotes.
References
Shlomo Pereira, "Hadrat Melech" Biographical Notes.
1120s births
1193 deaths
12th-century French rabbis
French Orthodox rabbis
Exponents of Jewish law
Authors of books on Jewish law
Rabbis from Marseille | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20ben%20Abba%20Mari |
The fused grid is a street network pattern first proposed in 2002 and subsequently applied in Calgary, Alberta (2006) and Stratford, Ontario (2004). It represents a synthesis of two well known and extensively used network concepts: the "grid" and the "Radburn" pattern, derivatives of which are found in most city suburbs. Both concepts were conscious attempts to organize urban space for habitation. The grid was conceived and applied in the pre-automotive era of cities starting circa 2000 BC and prevailed until about 1900 AD. The Radburn pattern emerged in 1929 about thirty years following the invention of the internal combustion engine powered automobile and in anticipation of its eventual dominance as a means for mobility and transport. Both these patterns appear throughout North America. "Fused" refers to a systematic recombination of the essential characteristics of each of these two network patterns.
Terminology and history
Modern urban planners generally classify street networks as either organic or planned. Planned networks tend to be organized according to geometric patterns, while the organic networks are believed to emerge from spontaneous, unorganized growth.
Architectural historian Spiro Kostof writes that "The word 'grid' is a convenient, and imprecise, substitute for 'orthogonal planning'. 'Gridiron' in the US implies a pattern of long narrow blocks, and 'checkerboard' a pattern of square blocks." In addition to the right angle being a key characteristic, a second attribute of equal importance is its imputed openness and unconstrained expandability. Loosely interpreted, the term "grid" can be applied to plans such as the Vitruvian octagonal plan for an ideal city, resembling a spider web, or to plans composed of concentric circles. These are all grids in that a regularly spaced armature leaves recurring openings and that they could, conceivably, expand outward.
The emergence of the pure, rectilinear, orthogonal grid, or Hippodamian grid, is explained by the natural tendency of people to walk in a straight line, particularly in the absence of obstacles and on level land. This intuitive explanation leaves the question of pre-grid and post grid non-rectilinear city patterns to be better understood, particularly those on plane territory such as Marrakech. Another potential influence may have been exerted by the second frequent user of city streets – horses. Horses also tend to move in a straight line, particularly at trotting, canter or galloping pace. When horses serve a city and draw chariots singly or in pairs, or, similarly, carts for a variety of transportation and processional functions, straight line travel becomes imperative; turns force a sluggish pace and cumbersome manoeuvres that reduce their efficiency of movement. The need for speed is accentuated by city size; distances to the public functions at the centre increase and, consequently, the need for quick access is intensified. Speed in turn implies straight lines. It is plausible that the drivers for rectilinear layouts may have been man's horses, mules, and carts as much as man himself, spurred by the growth of settlements.
The creation of the Radburn pattern is attributed to Clarence Stein but has a lineage of ideas that preceded it in Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker's work that included the use of cul-de-sac and crescent street types. In contrast to the scarcity of records that obscures the original rationale for the grid, the reasons for the Radburn pattern have been articulated clearly in Stein's writings and those of his predecessors.
"Radburn" (after a place in New Jersey) now denotes a street network configuration. It signifies a departure from the strict orthogonal geometry and regularity of the grid and a distinct approach to laying out new districts. As a system, it can be described more accurately as a "cellular" network that has a characteristic hierarchy of streets as distinct from identical streets intersecting at regular intervals. Its derivatives and idiosyncratic imitations are often characterized as "cul-de-sac and loop" patterns highlighting the distinguishing street types that are used systematically in this network. A second term equally uncharacteristic is "suburban". This association of a pattern with a location is inaccurate and unintentionally misleading: entire early cities such as Cairo and Fez are structured on this pattern whose newer suburbs follow the grid reversing the urban/suburban relationship. "Suburban" is also devoid of geometric descriptors of the pattern. These shorthand expressions conceal the variety of patterns that emerged in the 20th century that are decidedly neither grids nor "Radburn" and the "system" aspect of the pattern. The "loop and lollipop" label may be a more applicable descriptor of later interpretations of the Radburn model that appear to lack structure and to overlook key elements of the original concept such as its emphasis on pedestrian priority, for example. The pattern's systematic use of the cul-de-sac and loop is decidedly linked to automotive mobility as a means of controlling and guiding its flow. The Radburn pattern is a complex system; more than a series of identical orthogonal city blocks in a linear progression. It rests on a functional program plus an intentional picturesque aesthetic: it avoids straight lines, limits four-way intersections and shuns repetitive blocks all of which enhance its picturesque imagery. To facilitate the discussion, the name "Radburn-like" or "Radburn-type" will be used in the subsequent sections.
Criticisms of the prevailing network patterns
The two dominant network patterns, the grid and Radburn, have been debated by planners, transportation engineers and social observers on grounds that include issues of defence, aesthetics, adaptability, sociability, mobility, health, safety, security and environmental impact.
Defence, aesthetics, and adaptability
The first known criticism of the grid was put forward on the grounds of defence that became irrelevant following the prevalence of the cannon (1500s). Aristotle argued that the old maze-like street pattern, which preceded the grid, made it difficult for invading troops to find their way in and out of the city, Alberti also expressed the same view 1500 years later and added the advantage of a superior visual effect of the organic pattern over the grid.
A second criticism was put forward most forcefully by Camillo Sitte on aesthetic grounds. He argued that grids lack variety and, consequently, are uninteresting and can become oppressive by their monotony. This argument has been undermined first by the potential variety of grid dimensions that can be used in combinations such as appear in many city plans. More importantly, ground observation of cities shows that the mix of buildings and their varied street alignments as well as open spaces with their size variations coupled with constant redevelopment, suppress the monotony of the grid. Nonetheless, 20th century planners shunned pure grids and implicitly endorsed C. Sitte's ideas on the need for a picturesque streetscape. This tendency is generally based on an intuitive aesthetic ground; that people dislike long open street vistas and prefer those that terminate. Recent subdivision or town layouts such as Poundbury (1993), Seaside (1984) and Kentlands (1995) consciously avoided the homogeneous grid and its open vistas.
A further criticism of the grid focuses on its unsuitability for uneven, variegated terrain. Its application in sites such as Priene (350 BC), Piraeus (circa 400 BC), San Francisco (1776), Saint John, NB (1631) and others severely limits general accessibility by inadvertently introducing steep slopes or, in certain cases, stepped road sections and creates construction difficulties. In cities with intemperate climates this limitation is accentuated. Moving in a straight line uphill becomes arduous or, occasionally, impossible, particularly for non-motorized wheeled means of transport.
A Radburn-type network inherently includes a variety of city blocks and terminating vistas and, consequently, preempts criticism centered on monotony and lack of end-closure. Its unconstrained geometry adapts easily to topographical irregularities and geographical features such as streams, woodlots and natural ponds. As neither the alignment nor the length of neighbourhood streets need to remain constant, this model gives planners considerable latitude in laying out a network.
Two newer aesthetic criticisms of the Radburn model emerged in the 1980s: the absence of a street "wall" or "enclosure" and the repetitiveness of housing unit forms as found in suburban districts. Both these criticisms can be understood as a misapplication of aesthetic norms on socio-economic outcomes. The spaciousness of housing developments at the city's edge echoes the spaciousness of contemporary houses and are both driven not by aesthetic intent but by economic prosperity. Judging the visual outcome of prosperity using historic streetscape criteria of cities with a different socioeconomic makeup would make the verdict predictable and practically meaningless.
Moreover, the "street wall" and "enclosure" criticism of the Radburn pattern applications are undermined by observation of city districts new and old. Close examination would reveal that these spatial qualities are inextricably linked to housing unit and population density as well as construction technology and are not necessarily the outcome of a street pattern: The higher the habitation density of the street (and town) the closer and taller the buildings have to be to accommodate more people. A street pattern does not induce either unit density or the visual wall effect. For example, in earlier cities with labyrinthine street layouts, analogous to some contemporary suburban districts, residential buildings were agglutinated creating an entire perimeter wall around the city block with few perforations for reasons of security, safety and a heightened sense of privacy, not streetscape aesthetic. Conversely, early founded cities in North America, where land was almost free but construction costly, are depicted with generous lot dimensions and very small houses on them (e.g. Salt Lake City) that created a weak "enclosure" vertically and horizontally. At both ends of the streetscape scale, very proximate and very sparse buildings, socio-economic factors drive the outcome.
Regarding repetitiveness of housing form, ground observation shows no relation to street pattern. Homogeneity correlates better with methods of production. Early agglutinated housing forms as in Pompeii and Tunis, with vastly different street patterns, presented no face on the street by which design differences could be discerned; plain and luxurious houses had the same nondescript, blank street face. In recent times, older streets of more recent cities with a grid show considerable replication, based on vernacular and pattern books, as do newer streets on the fringe, based on industrialization. What has impacted the urban landscape appreciably is the scale of production: many single operators in earlier periods with small yearly output versus few large corporations by mid-20th century with high annual production volumes. Inevitably, the larger the operation is, the greater the economies of repetition are. Similar house models can be found not only in the same subdivision but across states and even nations. For example, veterans housing that was built in Canada consists of two or three models that were repeated in neighbourhoods and across the country. The most impressive effect of large-scale production is starkly visible in Levittown, New York (1947) and in social housing projects, where the State also aims at economies of scale. In the case of early Huguenot settlements, sameness of houses on identical grid patterns was pursued as a means of expressing the social equality of all inhabitants – a community goal.
Housing unit density
Derivatives and variations of the Radburn street network pattern, collectively "the suburbs", have been criticized on the grounds of their relative low density. The low density criticism appears to be based on a historical coincidence mistaken for causality: most low density housing developments occurred in the 20th century at the periphery of existing cities after 1950 and intentionally incorporated cul-de-sac or looped streets (Radburn-inspired street types) regularly. By contrast, dense development occurred earlier (and continues) in city central areas most of which were laid on a grid pattern in the 19th century or earlier. This topological coincidence of pattern and density can be easily mistaken as a causal relationship. Radburn (1929), a suburb, was built at a density (19 persons per acre) higher than subsequent suburbs such as Kentlands (14 persons per acre) that were laid out on a grid-type pattern. Also, many early grid-plan towns and suburbs such as Windermere, Florida, Dauphin, Manitoba, and St. Andrews, New Brunswick exhibit grid layouts and very low densities. Conversely, incidental cul-de-sac and crescent streets in central areas show high densities. Examples of unusual, unconventional associations of density and street type demonstrate that street patterns are coincidentally, not causally, related to housing density. Any given street pattern can be built at a predetermined density.
Security
Questions have been raised about the potential effect that the street patterns of a neighbourhood may play a role in the frequency that its homes are targets of theft and property damage. These questions were prompted by the apparent higher concentration of such events in certain neighbourhoods over the general average. This potential connection has been debated extensively. Factors such as sample size, analytical methods and the inclusion or omission of socio-demographic profiles of offenders, victims and neighbourhoods can confound the research outcomes. Yet some tentative correlations have been discerned.
Experiments are rarely possible in existing neighbourhoods where the street pattern, the properties and the residents are given and inalterable. One such rare experiment, however, was tried in Five Oaks, Dayton, Ohio. A "troubled" neighbourhood's street pattern was converted from the regular grid to an interrupted grid resembling the Radburn pattern. The transformed layout was made discontinuous for cars but continuous for pedestrians through the use of connected cul-de-sacs. Following the change, the drop in antisocial incidents was substantial and immediate suggesting that the Radburn-like pattern contributed to it since all other factors remained practically unchanged. Observational studies rest on cross-sectional statistical analysis of neighbourhoods to derive potential correlations between street patterns and the level of antisocial incidents. One such study concluded that:
flats are always safer than houses and the wealth of inhabitants matters;
density is generally beneficial but more so at ground level;
local movement is beneficial, larger scale movement not so;
relative affluence and the number of neighbours has a greater effect than either being on a cul-de-sac or being on a through street.
As for permeability, it suggests that residential areas should be permeable enough to allow movement in all directions but no more. The over-provision of poorly used permeability is a crime hazard.
It also re-established that simple, linear cul-de-sac streets with good numbers of dwellings that are joined to through streets tend to be safe.
Of the five concluding observations three are unrelated to network pattern, indicating the overriding role of socio-economic factors. The consensus among researchers is that streets patterns in themselves cannot be seen as crimino-genic. The genesis of crime rests elsewhere. Of the factors that assist the intent for crime, however, unconstrained permeability appears the most influential. The Radburn pattern restricts permeability while the uniform grid enables it.
Transportation, traffic, and their effects
More significant criticisms of the grid and the Radburn patterns were put forward based on the new urban transportation context of unprecedented levels of motorised mobility that raises issues of traffic congestion, collisions, accessibility, connectivity, legibility for pedestrian and driver, noise disturbance, car travel extent, air and water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The importance of these criticisms rests on judging the functional adequacy of alternative networks regarding these aspects. Dysfunctional systems could entail heavy economic and social burdens that may be avoidable.
Mobility and congestion
The introduction of mechanized personal transport in large numbers during the 20th century tested every existing network's characteristics and their capacity to function satisfactorily for mobility and for city living in general. And since most cities where the motorcar first appeared had a grid layout,(e.g. New York, Chicago, and London) it was inevitably the first network pattern to experience its impact.
The grid's emergence in a pedestrian world, in which wheeled traffic of horse-drawn carts was limited, along with its extensive replication, attest indirectly to its functional adequacy for pedestrian movement. The new question about its adequacy for serving motorized movement and for serving both prime modes, motorized and non-motorized in combination, continues to be debated.
The earliest known evidence of people realizing uninterrupted, orthogonal grid plans had disadvantages was found in Pompeii, which was a city on the south eastern coast of Italy destroyed by a major volcanic eruption in 79 AD. The city was buried under a thick layer of volcanic ash, which preserved it very well. Archeologists dug up the ash in order to study the area. People who lived in Pompeii walked, rode on horses' backs, and rode in wagons pulled by horses, and traffic moved at five to ten kilometers (three to six miles) per hour. People were not allowed to turn left at certain intersections, and some roads were one way. Today, these are standard recommendations to handle traffic. The number and speed of vehicles on roads have increased a lot since Pompeii was destroyed, and people have gotten better at recording and understanding traffic problems, so the issues with grids are more obvious.
Operational methods to control the flow of traffic and avoid collisions were introduced and grew steadily in sophistication, from traffic signs to computer-controlled, time-orchestrated systems. While the necessity of these adaptations provides practical proof of the grid's inadequacy to serve motorized transport unaided, their introduction made theoretical proof harder. Highly advanced computer modeling of traffic flows overcame this difficulty.
Another complicating factor in the early stages of motorization was the absence of a characteristic and typical alternative network pattern for a comparative analysis. Unlike the clear geometry of the grid, idiosyncratic, peculiar and site specific layouts, that have no obvious elements of a 'pattern' or 'stencil', cannot be accurately described and generalized. The only distinguishing element of current alternatives is their loose dendrite configuration, which is inherently hierarchical, that could be contrasted with the grid's inherent absence of hierarchy. Since in built districts neither of these networks appears in pure form, another level of complexity is introduced that tempers the certainty of analytical findings.
Of two studies that have attempted the comparison between "Radburn-type" and "grid-type" networks, one is based on two hypothetical layouts for a specific site and the second on an existing district layout and two hypothetical overlays. The relationship of congestion to layout geometry and density have been tested using computer-based traffic modeling. The first study, reported in 1990 compared the traffic performance in a 700-acre (2.8 km2) development that was laid out using two approaches, one with a hierarchical street layout that included cul-de-sac streets and the other a traditional grid. The study concluded that the non-hierarchical, traditional layout generally shows lower peak speeds and shorter, but more frequent intersection delays than the hierarchical pattern. The traditional pattern is not as friendly to the long trips as the hierarchical but friendlier to short trips. Local trips in it are shorter in distance but about equivalent in time with the hierarchical layout.
A second extensive comparative traffic study of a subdivision about 830 acres (3.4 km2) tested three network models. It also tested the resilience of the layouts to an increased traffic load generated by higher residential densities. This study confirmed the previous findings that up to a density of 70 people per hectare (28.3 people per acre) (including jobs) which is above the average range of subdivision densities of 35 to 55 pph the grid layout had a marginally higher or equal delay per trip to the Radburn-type network. At a 90 ppha, the conventional pattern showed marginally higher delay per trip than the grid. This outcome suggests that within the normal range of residential subdivision densities the grid has a slight disadvantage, but under very dense conditions the slight advantage reverses in favour of the grid-type and that both may be subject to improvement.
Traffic safety
The grid's traffic safety performance in comparison to other network types has been studied extensively and a general consensus is emerging both in theory and practice that, in general, it is the least safe of all currently used network patterns. A 1995 study found significant differences in recorded accidents between residential neighbourhoods that were laid out on a grid and those that included cul-de-sacs and crescents. The frequency of accidents was measurably higher in the grid neighbourhoods.
Two subsequent studies examined the frequency of collisions in two regional districts using the latest analytical tools. They investigated the potential correlation between street network patterns and frequency of collisions. In one 2006 study, cul-de-sac networks appeared to be much safer than grid networks, by nearly three to one. A second 2008 study found the grid plan to be the least safe by a significant margin with respect to all other street patterns in the set. A 2009 study suggests that land use patterns play a significant role in traffic safety and should be considered in conjunction with the network pattern. While land use matters, intersection types also affect traffic safety. Intersections in general reduce the incidence of fatal crashes due to reductions in speed, but four-way intersections, which occur regularly in a grid, increase total and injurious crashes significantly, all other things being equal. The study recommends hybrid street networks with dense concentrations of T-intersections and concludes that a return to the 19th century gridiron is undesirable.
Improved traffic safety has been shown to result from modifications to existing neighbourhoods laid out on a grid, indirectly suggesting its weakness with respect to safety. One study of the impacts of modifications found that Area-wide urban traffic-calming schemes reduce the number of injury accidents by about 15 percent on average. The largest reduction of accidents is found for residential streets (about 25 percent); a somewhat smaller (about 10%) reduction is found for main roads.
Vulnerable road users
Following the introduction of motorized transport, pedestrians do not fare well in cities. Their space and freedom of movement has gradually been curtailed and the risk of injury increased. They are now seen and studied as Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) along with bicycle riders because of their overwhelming disadvantage in the case of a collision.
Pedestrians experience stress and delay at every intersection, particularly when their mobility has been compromised either temporarily or through the aging process. A delay is unwelcome to pedestrians given that their slow speed and limited range of reach; the more frequent the intersections the higher the delay.
Given the grid's origin as a network for pedestrian movement, it is important to understand how it serves pedestrians when it must synchronously serve vehicular traffic. A 2010 study concluded that of seven network patterns, including the Radburn-type pattern, the grid was the least safe for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and bicycles.
Legibility
Uniform grids with fixed cardinal directions can be mapped as easily on paper as on the mind. This quality — legibility — assists people in finding destinations and prevents the apprehension of being lost. However, this benefit is felt more by visitors to a district than by its residents. Many historic cities with labyrinthine plans, particularly in the medieval period and in the Islamic-Arab world, cause no anxiety to their permanent residents. (Some visitors, equipped with maps, see them as a delightful journey of discovery.) Many parts of Paris, France, for example, exhibit a highly irregular block dimensions and a wide range of street orientations not easily grasped by visitors. Residents quickly acquire many perceptual clues of direction and position without ever seeing printed maps of their domains and, in earlier times, without even the benefit of street signs. Legibility can be an advantage but it is not a necessary condition for a neighbourhood or a town to function well for its residents. While the uniform grid offers utmost legibility, mutated grids and other patterns can function adequately for finding directions.
Walkability
Walkability refers to those characteristics of an area which enable or hinder one's ability to walk around. More specifically, "walkable" means close; barrier-free; safe; full of pedestrian infrastructure and destinations; and upscale, leafy, or cosmopolitan. Of these characteristics some are related to the street network configuration, such as "close" and "pedestrian infrastructure" while others relate to land use and level of amenity such as destinations and sidewalks. The uniform grid's inherent high frequency and openness makes closeness easily achievable as the chosen routes can be direct. In its central city expression blocks are generally short and equipped with a sidewalk on each side. Suburban grids, however, often depart from the classic square block and include long orthogonal blocks and sidewalks only on one side or none at all. Similarly contemporary versions of the classic Radburn and Hampstead Garden Suburb do not always include pedestrian linkages that were present in the original. They too lack sidewalks, mostly to reduce costs but also on the assumption that resident traffic is low enough for the road pavement to be shared by all without risk.
Published studies examined the relative connectivity of neighbourhoods built following the grid stencil or the Radburn-type pattern.
A 1970 study compared Radburn to two other communities, one, Radburn-type (Reston, Virginia) and a second, a nearby unplanned community. It found that 47% of Radburn's residents shopped for groceries on foot, while comparable figures were 23% for Reston and only 8% for the second community. A 2003 study also compared Radburn (1929) to a neo-traditional development (1990). It found that the rates of connectivity differed with the destination. Shopping was considerably more direct and closer in Radburn while the elementary school was just as direct in both but at a marginally longer distance in Radburn. Accessibility to the park was virtually the same. Overall, walkability was marginally better in the Radburn neighbourhood.
A 2010 study, compared eight neighbourhoods of which four followed the grid network rules while the remainder adhered to the Radburn-type network structure. Connectivity, values ranged between 0.71 and 0.82, with the upper limit being 1.00. The grid-like set had two samples above the 0.76 average and one below, while the Radburn-type set had one above average and two below. The amount of walking did not correlate well with the connectivity values indicating that other factors were at play. Walking correlated better when the additional pedestrian infrastructure, independent paths was included. These results confirmed previous findings that while connectivity, the essential characteristic of the grid, is a necessary condition for walkability it is not sufficient by itself to entice walking.
A third study compared seven neighbourhoods by examining their walking and driving activity as an indicator or a network's propensity to entice walking. Using the agent-based modeling method it calculated the amount of walking under identical land use conditions. The traditional uniform grid, two Radburn-type patterns and one neo-traditional grid had lower levels of walking activity than a second version of the neo-traditional grid and the fused grid. Overall the Radburn-type networks had lower average walking scores and higher driving activity. These results show that the influence of the street network on walkability is clearly evident but also dependent on the specific characteristics of its geometry.
Transit accommodation
Although the grid was introduced long before any system of public transit would become necessary or available, its strict regularity provides sufficient flexibility for mapping transit routes. By contrast, derivatives of the Radburn-type network, particularly the non-cellular and strictly dendrite variety, are inflexible and force transit routes that are often long and circuitous resulting in an inefficient and costly service.
Environmental issues
Until the second half of the 20th century, the prime purpose of linking people to places has also been the prime criterion for judging a network's performance. New criteria surfaced when questions about the impact of development on the environment were raised. In that new context, a network's land consumption; its adaptability to the land's natural features; the degree of water impermeability it introduces; whether it lengthens trips and how it affects the production of greenhouse gases constitute part of a new set of criteria.
Adaptability
Typical, uniform grids are unresponsive to topography. Priene's plan, for example, is set on a hillside and most of its north–south streets are stepped, a feature that would have made them inaccessible to carts, chariots, and loaded animals. Cities established more recently have utilized a similar approach to Priene's, for example: San Francisco, Vancouver, and Saint John, New Brunswick. In a modern context, steep grades limit accessibility by car and more so by bicycle, on foot, or wheelchair, particularly in cold climates. The strict orthogonal geometry forces roads and lots over creeks, marshes, and woodlots, thus disturbing the local ecology. It is said of the 1811 NY grid plan that it flattened all obstacles in its way.
By contrast, the unconstrained geometry of the Radburn-type networks provides sufficient flexibility to accommodate natural features.
Land consumption and conservation
Depending on the choice of street pattern and the cross section of the street space, streets consume an average 26% of the total developed land. They can range from 20% to over 40%. For example, the Portland grid consumes 41% of the development land in street Right-of-Ways (ROW). At the low end of usage, Stein's Radburn neighbourhood uses about 24% of the total. Villages and towns with narrow streets (2 to 3 m wide) consume much less.
Actual layouts of specific districts show variability within that range due to site-specific conditions and network pattern idiosyncrasies. Land taken up by streets becomes unavailable for development; its use is inefficient since it stays empty for most of the time. Were it to be developed, less land would be required for the same number housing units, resulting in lowering the pressure to consume more of it.
A 2007 study compared alternative layout plans for a 3.4 square kilometre subdivision and found that the traditional grid layout had 43 percent more land dedicated to roads than the conventional Radburn-type network.
Water cycle and water quality impacts
All new development, irrespective of its network pattern, alters the pre-existing natural condition of a site and its ability to absorb and recycle rain water. Roads are a major factor in limiting absorption by the sheer amount of impermeable surfaces they introduce. They affect water usability by the generation of road surface pollutants that end up downstream making it unfit for direct use.
The grid's inherent high street and intersection frequencies produce large areas of impermeable surfaces in street pavement and sidewalks. In comparison to networks with discontinuous street types, that are characteristic of the Radburn pattern, grids can have up to 30% percent more impermeable surface attributable to roads. One study compared alternative layouts on a 155 ha (383 acre) site and found that the grid-type layout had 17% more impermeable surface area in total compared to the Radburn-type layout.
Vehicle kilometres traveled and exhaust emissions
Emissions from all transportation account for about 30% of the total from all sources and personal car use amounts to about 60% percent of that share that translates to about 18% percent of the total GHG production. Three factors that affect emissions from personal travel relate to network configuration and function: a) trip length b) speed of travel c) propensity for congestion. Studies have shown that Radburn-type networks could add up to 10 percent to the length of local, short trips. As was seen earlier under congestion, grid-type patterns induce longer trip times that are primarily due to stops at the characteristic and frequent four-way intersections.
A 2007 study compared total traveled kilometres and total estimated emissions. Regarding the trip length, it confirmed previous studies by finding a 6% increase in local VKTs in the Radburn-type layout. The emissions comparison excluded and focused on three noxious (criteria) gases. Totalling the estimated cost of these emissions for ease of comparison, it found a 5% increase in costs for the conventional Radburn type layout.
Development and lifecycle costs
With the prevalence of motorized mobility, street infrastructure represents the single largest component of capital outlays for building a new neighbourhood. Until the end of the 19th century most city streets were unpaved, had no drainage sewers, few were lit, and hardly any had signage. Also, the majority were narrow by contemporary standards, frequently without sidewalks. Consequently, they consumed few resources for construction and maintenance. By contrast, current street design standards necessitate a large investment for construction and significant city budget allocations for their maintenance.
A 2008 engineering study compared network patterns for the same district and found that the traditional, modified grid network (TND) pattern had about 46% higher costs for road infrastructure compared to the Radburn-type of the existing layout.
These figures exclude the opportunity cost attributable to land that becomes unavailable for private use. The Radburn-type layout has approximately 30% less land dedicated to roads than the Neo-traditional layout. When accounting for this land and using a cost of $162,000 per hectare ($40,000/acre (2007 Dollars), land costs for roadways increase the relative cost for road infrastructure from a difference of 46% to 53% between the two layouts.
The same study examined the lifecycle costs for the two network options and found that, similar to the capital costs, roads remain the key cost component of a community when accounting for on-going operations, maintenance and replacement costs.
Summary of positive attributes
In judging the two currently disputed network concepts it would appear that neither has all the requisite elements needed for adequately responding to the new urban transportation context of extensive motorized mobility. The Radburn pattern fares better overall since it was consciously designed "for the motor age". Similarly, the weaker overall performance of the grid can be understood as innate, given its origin in a predominantly pedestrian world.
Advantages of a Radburn-like pattern:
less costly to construct and maintain
more flexible in adapting to the topography
greater ground permeability
lower trip delay
safer for cars and pedestrians, all other things equal
more picturesque all other things being equal
may provide a more sociable environment, particularly for children
may be more secure, all other factors being equal
Advantages of a grid-like network:
reduces local distances due to its frequency of intersections
more walkable
accommodates transit easily
more legible, when it maintains the orthogonal directions
easy to lay out as city blocks and plots
The need for an alternative
To function well, a contemporary network must include these advantages from the contrasting patterns thus reducing frictions and conflicts in urban environments. The need for an alternative has been evident since the middle of the 20th century for practical and theoretical considerations.
In practice, in the second half of the 20th century citizens of many American and European cities have protested against the intrusion of through traffic in their neighbourhoods. Its side-effects were unwelcome as being detrimental to peace, tranquility, health, and safety. In response, cities introduced an armoury of controls to ensure that residential districts retained a high standard of life quality. Among these controls were one-way streets, closures, half-closures, traffic circles, and a liberal use of stop signs. These measures being improvised retrofits implied the need for a network pattern in which techniques such as these would be obviated by innovative design.
On the theoretical level, planners analysed the conflicts caused by the new urban mobility, proposed alternative schemes and, in some cases, applied them. Alexander proposed (1977) a genetic code of 10 "patterns" which, when combined would resolve identified conflicts and would produce a convivial, gratifying district milieu. A central idea among them is a traffic impermeable neighbourhood area of about 10 ha, reminiscent of the Radburn plan principle but smaller in size.
Doxiadis emphasized the importance of mobility and designed a large orthogonal grid (2 km by 2 km) of arterials to expedite circulation, as seen in Islamabad. He also recognized the need to separate "man from machine" and introduced traffic-impermeable neighbourhoods also generally resembling the Radburn plan.
The fused grid model
Based on these sets of issues, the identified advantages of alternative patterns and the ideas of 20th century theorists, the fused grid assembles several elements from these precedents into a complete stencil. Just as the grid stencil and the Radburn pattern did, it sets up a geometric structure that exhibits the key characteristics of a functioning system. It consists of a large-scale open grid of collector streets, carrying moderate speed motorized traffic. This grid forms precincts (quadrants, neighbourhoods) that are normally about 16 ha (40 acres) in size (400 m by 400 m). Within each precinct, the layout uses crescents or cul-de-sacs or a combination of both to eliminate through traffic. In addition, a continuous open-space and pedestrian path system provides direct access to parks, public transit, retail, and community facilities. Residents can cross a quadrant block on foot in about five minutes. The most intensive land uses such as schools, community facilities, high-density residential uses, and retail are located in the center of the plan, reached by twinned roads which connect longer, district destination points.
This synthesis of inherited network traditions and ideas is accomplished through the application of two practical means: a rectilinear, orthogonal geometry, a key characteristic of the grid, and the use of two street types that have generally been associated with the Radburn-type subdivisions.
The orthogonal geometry serves two purposes: a) to enhance the navigability of the network structure particularly at the district and regional scale. This is important at car speeds where decisions about destinations and turns have to be made promptly. b) to maintain a good level of safety at road intersections, as recommended by traffic engineering manuals.
The grid's second essential characteristic, connectivity, is recaptured through a third element that completes the "system" – pedestrian-only connectors between regular streets that are intended for all movement modes. These connectors (paths) are typically routed through open spaces that occupy central points in a neighbourhood cell. Thus the neighbourhood street network comprises a mixture of streets; some pedestrian dominant and others car dominant.
A fourth element is the nested hierarchy of streets that distinguishes between connectivity and permeability at the neighbourhood level. This idea reflects the fact the longer the linked destinations the higher the level of mobility must be. A dendrite configuration, such as a river, takes progressively wider expanses of land to accommodate the flow. A nested hierarchy on the other hand distributes the flow at each volume level to alternative paths. The complete system, though it may appear unfamiliar, is composed of entirely familiar and extensively used elements in contemporary development.
Proof of concept
The model has been applied in two new communities, one in Stratford, ON and the other in Calgary, Alberta. The potential merits of the concept so far have been tested through research; site observations or measurements will await full build-out. The aspects of the model that have been tested correspond to the key criteria of performance, listed above, such as mobility, safety, cost, and environmental impact.
Mobility
A study on the transportation impacts of the fused grid asserted through comparative analysis using computer-based traffic modeling that the fused grid produces the least total delay in all four density scenarios tested and performed progressively better as the density increased. Taking the fused grid as 100 (base), the delay was 32% more for the conventional Radburn-type pattern and 27% higher for the grid-type pattern. At the next higher density level the difference between patterns increased and they were correspondingly 100 (fused grid), 152 (Radburn-type) and 126 (grid -type). Traffic modeling shows the potential of the fused grid to reduce time delay during peak hours and, therefore, congestion.
Traffic safety
In a fused grid, three-way intersections are more common than four-way, which have been shown by traffic studies to be less safe.
One study found that for each probable collision in the fused grid there would be 2.55 collisions in a standard grid, 2.39 in a layout designed to Dutch "sustainable road safety" guidelines, 1.46 in a cul-de-sac layout and 0.88 in a 3-way Offset layout.
Walkability
An extensive study of neighbourhoods based on geo-coded trips to local destinations found that a fused grid type of layout increases home-base walking trips by 11.3% in comparison to the conventional grid and it is associated with a 25.9% increase in the odds that residents will meet the recommended physical activity levels. Its 10% increase in relative connectivity for pedestrians is associated with a 23% decrease in vehicle kilometres of local travel.
A second study compared seven neighbourhoods of different street network layouts for the daily travel patterns including the amount of walking that occurred. It found that the fused grid had considerably more walking activity. The set of network patterns included two versions of the traditional grid, two versions of post-war suburbs, two versions of the Traditional Neighbourhood Development (i.e. modified grid) and the fused grid. The lowest amount of walking was found to happen in one of the post-war conventional subdivision. Setting this as the base (100) for the purpose of comparison, the two classic grids registered 11%, one conventional subdivision 109%, one TND neighbourhood 108%, the second TND 137% and the fused grid 143%. In terms of the total distance walked, the fused grid registered 23% larger distance than the lowest of the seven in the set which was also reflected in the lowest amount of local driving.
The fused grid anticipates the location of convenience shopping and amenities at the periphery of the four-quadrant neighbourhood. In such a configuration any part of the neighbourhood is a five-minute walk to the periphery and a ten-minute walk across the entire neighbourhood. Closeness of destinations is inherent in the structure of the network. The same structure, based on 400 m intervals, coincides with current practices for transit route location.
Consequently, the street network pattern, the anticipated land use distribution and the location of transit stops are all conducive to walking.
Health outcomes
Neighbourhood layouts may indirectly influence the health and wellbeing of residents through their effect on factors such as noise, air quality, and physical activity. Noise levels and duration of exposure correlate with traffic volume and speed. According to a traffic analysis study neighbourhood streets in the fused grid layout exhibit the lowest traffic volumes when compared to alternative layouts. By inference, low volumes imply lower duration of exposure to noise. Frequent turns in the streets (see drawing of approved development plan) result in speed reduction which lowers noise intensity. As a consequence of low traffic volumes, its residential streets show low air pollution levels. The high walking levels registered by the fused grid layout, mentioned above, indicate the potential of increased physical activity.
In addition to these three factors that may impact on resident's health – noise, air quality, and physical activity – a fourth one, proximity to natural open spaces, has emerged as a significant contributor. Previous studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of frequent contact with nature and some have investigated the probable mechanism of the effect via stress abating biochemical processes. More recently, links were established to specific biota (microorganisms) found in nature and their direct influence on building immune system strength.
From these studies it can be inferred that a neighbourhood layout based on the fused grid model may confer these health and well-being benefits to residents because it incorporates green open spaces as integral parts of its pedestrian circulation network. Inclusion of green spaces is possible in any layout as an option; in the fused grid it is a necessary component of its configuration.
Site adaptability
The virtual grid mesh that underlies the fused grid network structure is expressed at 400 m intervals, five times the size of the traditional city block (about 80 m). At this scale there is greater flexibility to adapt the network elements to the topography and to specific site boundary constraints that are common in property configurations. Within the 16 ha quadrant, the discontinuous character of the streets and the possible combination of cul-de-sac and loop types provide sufficient latitude to the site plan designer to lay out an adapted version of the fused grid. There are at least 15 variations of the quadrant design that can be moulded to fit specific conditions.
The site adaptability of the model has been demonstrated in the two approved layout plans.
Ground permeability
One study quantified the relative permeability of three alternative site plans for the same site. The analysis results show that the impermeable areas of the three layouts – assuming roads, building foot prints and sidewalks to be impervious surfaces – ranged from 34.7% of fused grid to 35.8% of the conventional suburban to 39% of the grid-like pattern. Streets were the single most influential factor in the amount of the water runoff. They account for an impermeable surface which is up to three times that of the building footprint. Of the total impermeable area in the three layouts the portion attributable to streets ranges from 48 to 65 percent with the fused grid occupying the low end. The reduction in street length and the systematic use of open spaces as structural elements of the layout increase the potential of greater water permeability in the Fused Grid.
Development and municipal costs
A study compared the cost efficiency of three network patterns in improving the traffic performance of a district. It first established the cost of the network system of each before evaluating the efficiency ratio for the resulting traffic improvement. The analysis showed that the most significant capital cost of development is for roads. The conventional layout has the lowest capital costs for roads followed by the fused grid at 12% higher and the Neo-traditional (grid) layout at 46% higher.
When considering the opportunity cost for land dedicated to right-of-ways (ROW), the fused grid allocated 9% more land to roads than the conventional grid, while the neo-traditional grid allocated 43% more. Similar to capital costs, roads remain the key cost component of community development after accounting for on-going operations, maintenance, and replacement costs.
The study showed that there are significant differences in costs related to travel delay for the total road network particularly at the desirable transit-supportive densities. The delay costs incurred by the conventional layout are 12% higher than the fused grid followed by the Neotraditional grid at 3% higher. The conventional layout is less cost-efficient than the fused grid network since they have similar infrastructure costs but the latter delivers significant savings in travel time costs. The travel time benefits of the neo-traditional grid layout are disproportional to the required infrastructure investment. The obvious benefits of saving time for pedestrians and the enticement of more walking have not so far been monetized.
Applications of the fused grid
Retroactive application of the fused grid model can be seen in the centres of old European cities, such as Munich, Essen, and Freiburg and in newer railway towns or suburbs such as Vauban, Freiburg and Houten in the Netherlands. In most of these cases, acknowledging the constrains of an existing built environment, the key fused grid characteristic of a traffic impermeable centre is evident along with the primacy and continuity of pedestrian-only links to the remainder of the inherited street system. The fused grid is promoted in Canada by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
A similar debate has also been taking place in Europe and particularly the UK, where the term filtered permeability was coined to describe urban layouts which maximise ease of movement for pedestrians and cyclists, but seek to restrain it for motor vehicles.
See also
Dead end (street)
Permeability (spatial and transport planning)
References
External links
The Fused Grid
Victoria Transportation Policy Institute
CMHC on the Fused Grid
Waterbucket Green Infrastructure
City layout models
Urban studies and planning terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused%20grid |
DEV-O Live is a live EP (and, later, live album) by American new wave band Devo. It was recorded during the Freedom of Choice tour on August 16, 1980, at the Fox Warfield Theatre in San Francisco.
Background
DEV-O Live stems from a 16-track promotional album called Devo Live: Warner Bros. Music Show, recorded for broadcast on the King Biscuit Flower Hour. The broadcast was so popular that four songs ("Freedom of Choice Theme Song", "Whip It", "Be Stiff" and "Gates of Steel") were released as a promotional EP in November 1980, titled DEV-O Live, followed by the more widely available EP of the same name that added two more tracks ("Girl U Want" and "Planet Earth"). In 1999, Rhino Handmade re-released DEV-O Live on CD and included both the wide release EP version and the original promotional album in its entirety. Additionally, side breaks and the announcer's voice from the show were edited out. The Rhino edition was released in a plastic sleeve with a cover insert. It was later reissued in the 2008 Japanese CD box set This Is the Devo Box.
On November 29, 2019, Rhino issued an LP of the 16-track version as a Black Friday limited edition for Record Store Day, under the title Devo Live!.
Four additional songs—"Pink Pussycat" (played after "Secret Agent Man"), "Satisfaction" (played after "Blockhead"), "Freedom of Choice" and "Jocko Homo" (both played after "Gates of Steel")—appear on audience recordings of the show.
Reception
Devo were given consistent radio support by Sydney-based noncommercial rock station 2JJ, one of the first rock stations outside America to play their recordings. This paid off, as in August 1981, they found commercial success in Australia when the EP spent three weeks at the top of the Australian singles charts. Later in the year, they travelled to Australia and appeared on the TV show Countdown.
Track listing
All songs by Mark Mothersbaugh and Gerald V. Casale, unless otherwise indicated.
1981 EP
Side one
"Freedom of Choice Theme Song" – 2:44
"Whip It" – 2:42
"Girl U Want" – 2:45
Side two
"Gates of Steel" (Casale, Mothersbaugh, Deborah Smith, Susan Schmidt) – 3:16
"Be Stiff" (Casale, Bob Lewis) – 2:49
"Planet Earth" (Casale) – 2:31
1999 CD reissue
Original EP
"Freedom of Choice Theme Song" – 2:46
"Whip It" – 2:41
"Girl U Want" – 2:56
"Gates of Steel" (Casale, Mothersbaugh, Schmidt, Smith) – 3:17
"Be Stiff" (Casale, Lewis) – 2:50
"Planet Earth" (Casale) – 2:32
Promo LP
"Freedom of Choice Theme Song" – 2:46
"Whip It" – 2:41
"Snowball" – 2:42
"It's Not Right" (Mothersbaugh) – 2:20
"Girl U Want" – 2:56
"Planet Earth" (Casale) – 2:32
"S.I.B. (Swelling Itching Brain)" (Mothersbaugh) – 4:06
"Secret Agent Man" (Steve Barri, P. F. Sloan) – 3:17
"Blockhead" (Mothersbaugh, Bob Mothersbaugh) – 3:25
"Uncontrollable Urge" (Mothersbaugh) – 3:08
"Mongoloid" (Casale) – 2:50
"Be Stiff" (Casale, Lewis) – 2:50
"Gates of Steel" (Casale, Mothersbaugh, Schmidt, Smith) – 3:17
"Smart Patrol/Mr. DNA" (Casale/Casale, Mothersbaugh) – 4:08
"Gut Feeling/(Slap Your Mammy)" (Mothersbaugh, Mothersbaugh/Casale) – 4:12
"Come Back Jonee" – 3:19
Personnel
Devo
Mark Mothersbaugh – guitar, keyboards, vocals
Gerald V. Casale – bass guitar, keyboards, vocals
Bob Casale – guitar, keyboards, vocals
Bob Mothersbaugh – guitar, vocals
Alan Myers – drums
Technical
Devo – producer, mixing
Biff Dawes – live engineer
Robert Kaminsky – live producer
Ken Perry – mastering
Lisa Barillier – front cover photography
David Peters – back cover photography
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Sales
References
External links
Devo Live Guide – Comprehensive guide to Devo's live performances.
Devo live albums
1981 live albums
1981 EPs
1999 live albums
Live EPs
Warner Records live albums
Warner Records EPs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEV-O%20Live |
The Battle of St. Charles was fought on June 17, 1862, at St. Charles, Arkansas, during the American Civil War. Earlier in 1862, a Union Army force commanded by Major General Samuel R. Curtis moved against Little Rock, Arkansas, but became bogged down in the Batesville area due to lack of supplies. The Union leadership decided to send a naval force from Memphis, Tennessee, up the White River to resupply Curtis's men. Major General Thomas C. Hindman, the Confederate commander in Arkansas, had fortifications constructed near St. Charles to stop the Union movement. Two artillery positions were built, and three ships, including CSS Maurepas, were scuttled to obstruct the river.
The Union ships advanced against the Confederate positions on June 17. The 46th Indiana Infantry Regiment was sent ashore to attack the fortifications on land, while two ironclads and two timberclads attacked the fort from the river. During the fighting, a Confederate solid shot struck the ironclad USS Mound City, puncturing one of the ship's steam drums. In what has been referred to as the deadliest shot of the war, scalding steam filled the ship, killing or wounding all but about 25 of the roughly 175 men on the vessel. The 46th Indiana overran the Confederate defenses on land and the position was taken. The supply mission was unable to make it all the way to Curtis's position, and withdrew back down the river due to low water levels. Thereafter, Curtis's army cut loose from their supply line and marched to Helena, Arkansas. A portion of the battlefield is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the St. Charles Battle Site.
Background
Early activity in Arkansas
After the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States in 1860, several southern states considered seceding from the union. The southern state of Arkansas held a statewide election on February 18, 1861, to create a convention to vote on secession, with anti-secessionist delegates initially holding the majority. Slavery was considered to be a key issue. After convening on March 4 (the same day that Lincoln was inaugurated), the convention adjourned on March 21 without reaching a conclusion. The bombardment of Fort Sumter by Confederate troops, forcing the surrender of the United States-held fort in seceded territory on April 12 swung political opinion to secession, and the convention reconvened on May 6, voting to secede later that day. Arkansas then joined the Confederate States of America.
After significant military activity in Missouri throughout 1861, Major General Earl Van Dorn of the Confederate States Army formed the Army of the West in early March 1862 from forces commanded by Missouri State Guard Major General Sterling Price and Confederate Brigadier General Ben McCulloch. Van Dorn moved his army north towards the Union army of Major General Samuel R. Curtis, but was defeated at the Battle of Pea Ridge on March 7 and 8. After the defeat, Van Dorn moved his troops east of the Mississippi River, with the movement completed by late April. During the process, Van Dorn essentially stripped Arkansas of its military strength and supplies, and weakened the Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department.
Curtis fell back into Missouri after the battle, but then moved his army east to West Plains before turning south. They re-entered Arkansas on April 29 and headed for Batesville. By May 2, the Union soldiers had reached Batesville. A separate column commanded by Brigadier General Frederick Steele reached Jacksonport, which was near Batesville and on the White River, on May 4. Curtis absorbed Steele's men into his force and began to move on the state capital at Little Rock. The movement caused the Confederate government of Arkansas to retire to Hot Springs, and Curtis's men crossed the White River near Batesville. On May 19, a small Union force crossed the Little Red River to forage, but was attacked by Confederate cavalry near Searcy; some of the Union soldiers, including wounded men, were murdered while attempting to surrender. Curtis was informed the next day that his line of supply was at the breaking point, and he decided that further advance without a new supply line was untenable. A small offensive across the Little Red on May 27 was successful, but lack of supplies forced Curtis to withdraw back across both the Little Red and the White, and he sent a message to the Union leadership in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 4, that he would need to continue his retreat if not reinforced.
The message was forwarded to Major General Henry W. Halleck, who then directed Flag Officer Charles H. Davis to send a flotilla up the White River to Jacksonport to resupply Curtis, as the roads in that region of Arkansas were too poor for easy resupply by land. Halleck also communicated with United States Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, who in turn passed the communication to Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, who sent a telegram to Davis ordering him to move up the White to relieve Curtis. Davis received Welles's telegram on June 12 and began making immediate preparations for the movement. He asked Colonel Charles R. Ellet, commander of the Ram Fleet, to send some of the ram ships to serve with the vessels of Davis's Western Flotilla, but Ellet would agree to this only under the condition that the Ram Fleet and Western Flotilla vessels would be separate commands, which Davis refused. Less than a week before, on June 6, the Ram Fleet, under Ellet's father Charles Ellet Jr., and Davis's flotilla, had defeated a Confederate naval fleet at the First Battle of Memphis and taken the city of Memphis, Tennessee. The furthest north Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River was now Vicksburg, Mississippi, as positions upriver at Columbus, Kentucky, and Island Number Ten had been taken earlier in the year. Few Confederate gunboats remained on the upper portion of the Mississippi watershed, and they were generally in hiding.
Kilty moves up the White
On June 13, Davis's detachment left Memphis. It was composed of the ironclads USS Mound City and USS St. Louis, the timberclad USS Lexington, and the tugboat USS Spitfire. The ships were under the command of Commander Augustus Kilty. On June 14, the steamboat White Cloud arrived at Memphis; it was to transport the supplies that would go to Curtis. Davis had also heard that the Confederates had blocked the White with a submerged wooden raft, which would have to be removed. Expecting the riverbanks to be occupied by Confederate soldiers, Colonel Graham Fitch and his 46th Indiana Infantry Regiment were sent on the transport New National to provide infantry support. Fitch's force was almost 1,000 men strong.
On the morning of June 15, the timberclad USS Conestoga, New National, White Cloud, and the steamboat Jacob Musselman left Memphis to join Kilty. Meanwhile, Spitfire had escorted a captured Confederate steamboat downriver and was replaced by the tugboat USS Spiteful. The two groups of ships united on June 16. On the same day, Kilty's ships approached St. Charles. The vessels made it within of the defenses. Two scouting parties were sent forward: one on shore and one on Spiteful. They detected the two Confederate batteries, as well as further infantry and naval components, but were unable to provide exact strengths. Fitch and Kilty decided to attack the next morning.
Confederate preparations
Confederate Major General Thomas C. Hindman had replaced Van Dorn as commander in Arkansas. Working to build up the remnants left by Van Dorn's departure, Hindman declared martial law, authorized guerrilla warfare, and formed the base of an army. After Curtis's expedition bogged down, Hindman anticipated a Union naval movement up either the White or the Arkansas River. He sent out a surveying expedition on June 3 to investigate the possibility of blocking the rivers. When the level of the Arkansas River fell, the Confederates focused on the White. A site near St. Charles was selected as a favorable location for the emplacement of a battery on the bluffs and an obstruction in the river. Captain A. M. Williams and 100 soldiers were sent to construct the emplacements. Logs were floated downriver and driven into the river bottom as an obstruction, and batteries were constructed on the bluffs. Two rifled 32-pounder guns were taken from the gunboat CSS Pontchartrain and mounted in the main battery on June 8, while two 3-inch Parrott rifles were sent from Little Rock and placed in a smaller position away. Pontchartrain's guns were placed on a commanding position on a bluff above a bend in the river. While they had an excellent field of fire, they were also masked by trees and brush. The gunboat CSS Maurepas arrived at St. Charles on June 14. Two days later, Hindman was informed of Kilty's movement. With the obstruction incomplete and no other troops available to reinforce the St. Charles position, 35 sailors and naval officers from Pontchartrain, including Lieutenant John W. Dunnington, the vessel's commander, volunteered and were sent down to help man the defenses. They arrived at 18:00 that day.
On the night of June 16/17, Williams informed Hindman that the Union force had reached the area, and that the obstruction still was not complete. Hindman ordered two civilian steamboats at St. Charles scuttled to block the river. The commander of Maurepas, Captain Joseph Fry, also had his ship, which would have been mismatched against the Union ironclads, scuttled, although a 12-pounder howitzer, a rifled cannon made of brass, and a third artillery piece were removed first. The lower battery of 3-inch rifles was strengthened with the brass piece from Maurepas and 34 of Williams's men of the 29th Arkansas Infantry Regiment. The other members of the Arkansas regiment did not have weapons and were sent back to Little Rock. The Confederate sailors were largely armed with single-shot pistols, which would be of dubious value in a land battle. Overall, the Confederates had seven cannons and 114 men at St. Charles.
Battle
Before daybreak on June 17, the Confederates made dispositions to defend against the attack. Dunnington and his men were in the upper battery manning the two 32-pounders, while men from Maurepas manned the lower position, which contained three guns. The infantrymen were sent downstream under Williams to serve as sharpshooters, and were supported by the 12-pounder howitzer taken off of Maurepas. Fry was in overall command. Around 06:00, Kilty's ships began moving upriver again. Mound City led the approach, with St. Louis, Lexington, and Conestoga following; the other vessels were not armed and were in the rear. Within of St. Charles, Confederates were sighted on the river bank. Mound City opened fire and scattered them, after which the Indiana infantry disembarked from Jacob Musselman and New National. Sources disagree as to when the firing began. Historian Ed Bearss states that the firing started at 07:36, while historian Mark Hubbs provides 09:00, and Dunnington stated that the fighting began at around 08:30. Conestoga and Lexington began contributing fire later. Once Fitch's men were ashore, two companies were thrown out as a skirmish line, and the men began advancing towards the Confederate defenses. It was planned for Fitch's men on shore and the ships in the river to move at about the same rate.
Mound City kept steaming forward, and the lower Confederate battery opened fire when the ship was almost upon it, without effect. Kilty was unsure of the exact locations of the Confederate batteries, and had the two timberclads hold back while the ironclads moved forward. For fifteen minutes the two ships dueled with the lower battery, before Mound City moved ahead. And she neared point-blank range of Dunnington's battery, the Confederates opened fire, but at first were unable to damage the Union vessel. Meanwhile, Fitch's men had advanced and were about to attack the lower Confederate position when a solid shot, the third fired from Dunnington's position, struck Mound City at 10:03. The shot hit the ironclad's casemate near a gun port and penetrated the armor, killing three or four sailors outright. The shot then punctured one of the ship's poorly protected steam drums, which connected to the ship's engines and fed them pressurized steam. Steam filled the ship, scalding many of the ship's men. Many of those not near escape points were killed. Of the roughly 175 men onboard Mound City, 105 or 125 were killed and a further 25 or 44 wounded; only 25 or 26 escaped unhurt. This shot has been described as the deadliest shot of the war.
With steam pouring out of her and badly scalded men visible on the decks, Mound City drifted downstream and ran into the riverbank near the lower battery. Fry demanded that the remaining Union sailors aboard surrender, and when this was refused, ordered his men to fire on Union sailors in the river trying to swim to safety. Several of the wounded men were killed when the Confederates opened fire. With Mound City out of the fight, St. Louis and Dunnington's guns began dueling, until Fitch signaled for the ships to cease fire. The Union infantrymen were about to storm the Confederate fortifications, and Fitch wanted to prevent accidental friendly fire. Scaling the bluffs, Fitch's men moved into a position from which to outflank the Confederate defenses. Williams attempted to have some of his men occupy Charles Belknap's house as a defensive position, but the Union men beat them to the position. After learning of this, Fry had the guns in the lower battery spiked and the position abandoned. Spiking the cannons involved driving a metal spike into the touch hole of the cannon to temporarily prevent it being capable of firing. After a short skirmish, it became clear that the Confederates would be captured if they did not retreat.
Fry ordered Dunnington to cover the retreat with his men, but Dunnington refused, noting that some of his men were unarmed and those who were had only single-shot pistols which had already been emptied at Mound City's survivors, with no time to reload. A final cannon shot was fired at St. Louis, and the Confederates then scattered with Union troops within . During the retreat, Fry was wounded and captured while trying to reach the Belknap house. In addition to Fry, 29 others were captured, although six of them were prisoners Fry had been holding on suspicion of treason. After taking the Confederate fortifications, Fitch signaled the ships. Lexington and St. Louis advanced up to where the sunken ships blocked the river, while Conestoga and Spiteful towed Mound City downstream. Union soldiers were sent into St. Charles to patrol the town, and the local civilians were warned that it would be razed if guerrilla activity occurred. As punishment for the firing on Mound City's wounded, 20 of the Confederate prisoners were placed under arrest, including Fry. The battle was over in under four hours.
Aftermath
Kilty was among those scalded on Mound City, and his wounds resulted in the loss of an arm. Lieutenant Wilson McGunnegle, commander of St. Louis, replaced him as expedition commander. The highest-ranking unhurt officer of Mound City had been unnerved by the events and was replaced by an officer from Conestoga. The 58- or 59-man replacement crew for Mound City was drawn from the 46th Indiana. Either 58 or 59 Union dead were buried in a mass grave at the lower battery, while eight Confederates were buried in St. Charles. Hindman claimed losses of six dead and one wounded. The Civil War Battlefield Guide estimates that the Union had about 160 casualties and that the Confederates lost 40. No serious casualties were suffered by the 46th Indiana during its capture of the batteries. The historian Mark K. Christ provides Confederate losses as eight killed and 24 wounded. Historian Mark Hubbs suggests that seven percent of all Union Navy battle deaths in the entire war were the result of the single catastrophic shot that struck Mound City. The Union wounded were sent back down to Memphis on Conestoga. Six Confederate cannons had been captured on the field. Four were sent to Memphis, and the two 32-pounders were spiked and dumped into the river. The Union troops destroyed the Confederate fortifications after the battle.
Hindman had sent the 10th Texas Infantry Regiment to reinforce St. Charles, but the unit had to delay to be issued ammunition. By the time this was done, it was June 17. After learning of the fall of St. Charles, the Texans withdrew to DeValls Bluff, where they were reinforced by another regiment, a battalion, and three artillery batteries. Establishing a supply point at St. Charles, McGunnegle's fleet moved past the river obstructions and continued up the White. The movement began on June 18, although Mound City was left behind. The damaged ironclad later returned to service and survived the war. After meeting sporadic Confederate resistance on June 19, the vessels reached Clarendon, Arkansas, where they halted due to low water. Fitch took his men ashore and advanced but withdrew after losing 55 men in a fight with Confederate dismounted cavalry. After leaving Clarendon, McGunnegle's flotilla continued north, where they halted for the night at a point in Monroe County known as Crooked Point Cutoff.
At Crooked Point Cutoff, McGunnegle was informed by his pilots that falling river levels would likely strand the ships if they continued further north, so the decision was made to turn around. Fitch was opposed to falling back without resupplying Curtis, but the ships turned back on the morning of June 20. By June 25, they had returned to the mouth of the river. On June 23, Major General Ulysses S. Grant had taken command of Union forces in Memphis. After receiving communication from Halleck that he still wanted Curtis reinforced, Grant sent additional supply vessels and transports loaded with the 34th and 43rd Indiana Infantry Regiments to join the White River flotilla on June 26. The new vessels reached the others on June 27, and Lexington, Conestoga, and Spiteful escorted the transports and supply ships upriver, leaving on June 28 under the command of Lieutenant James Shirk. At noon on June 30, Shirk's vessels reached Clarendon. With water levels falling, Shirk would not venture beyond the town. Fitch wanted to continue, but learned of a new Confederate strongpoint at DeValls Bluff, and decided that the infantry could not take the position without the gunboats. The Union ships turned back down the river on July 3, but began heading back upriver again on July 5. Union forces reoccupied Clarendon on July 7.
Curtis learned that the vessels would not be able to reach his position, so he severed his line of supply and had his men march down the White for two weeks. This was the first time in the war that a Union army had campaigned without a direct line of supply; this would not occur again until the Vicksburg campaign the next year. Curtis emancipated slaves during this movement, and foraging and plundering by his soldiers economically devastated the line of the march. In one county alone, $1,500,000 of property damage was inflicted. The Confederates made only one serious attempt to halt Curtis's movement. On July 7, Brigadier General Albert Rust led Confederate cavalry in an assault on the Union force while it was crossing the Cache River. In the ensuing Battle of Cotton Plant, Rust's attack was repulsed, and his men were then routed by a Union counterattack. McGunnegle's vessels had stayed at Clarendon until July 8, and Curtis's men did not reach there until July 9. Having missed his supply rendezvous, Curtis had his troops leave the White and march to the Mississippi River town of Helena, which was reached on July 12. The relief column itself turned up at Helena on July 15. Helena was later used as a significant operating hub for the Union Army in the Vicksburg campaign; the Confederates never retook the city.
Battlefield preservation
A portion of the battlefield is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as the St. Charles Battle Site. Divers recovered two cannons from the river bottom in the 1930s and the Belknap house burned in 1962. Also on the NRHP is the St. Charles Battle Monument, a commemorative marker placed in 1919. Unusually for a monument in the South, it commemorates both sides of the battle.
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Battle of St. Charles at the Historical Marker Database
1862 in Arkansas
1862 in the American Civil War
Battles of the American Civil War in Arkansas
Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
History of Arkansas County, Arkansas
June 1862 events
Naval battles of the American Civil War
Riverine warfare
Union victories of the American Civil War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20St.%20Charles |
Prestonia is a neighborhood five miles southeast of downtown Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. Its boundaries are Preston Highway, Interstate 65, Interstate 264 and the Norfolk Southern Railway tracks. Many of Prestonia's streets are named after Kentucky counties. It was probably named for the local highway (then called Preston Street Road), which was in turn named after early Louisville landowner Col. William Preston.
Demographics
In the 2000 census, the population was 1,058; of which 95.5% are white, 1.9% are listed as other, 1.5% are black, and 1% are Hispanic. College graduates are 9.7% of the population, people without a high school degree are 25.7%. Males outnumber females 50.2% to 49.8%.
References
External links
Street map of Prestonia
Images of Prestonia (Louisville, Ky.) in the University of Louisville Libraries Digital Collections
Neighborhoods in Louisville, Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestonia%2C%20Louisville |
Oakland Park was a ballpark in Jersey City, New Jersey. It was used by the New York Giants for their first two home games in 1889. The park was opened in the spring of 1888, as the new home of the Jersey City minor league club Jersey City Skeeters. The Jersey City club disbanded in July 1890, but the park continued to be used by other local teams for several years.
It was located on a block bounded by Oakland Avenue (northwest); Hoboken Avenue (southwest); Bonner (now Baldwin) Avenue (southeast); and Fleet Street (northeast). Newspaper accounts in 1888 reported that the grandstand was to be built along Hoboken to shade the fans from the sun. Given the orientation of the block, that suggests home plate to center field pointing roughly northeast. The papers also reported that the old stands from the unused west half of the first Polo Grounds were to be ferried across the river and reassembled at the new Oakland Park.
After the city had evicted the Giants from the original Polo Grounds at 110th Street and 5th Avenue in Manhattan, the Giants were compelled to find temporary home fields until they could secure a more permanent location. They played their first two games on April 24 and April 25 against Boston, each team winning one at Oakland Park.
Their next home game came on April 29, at the St. George Cricket Grounds in Staten Island. Their last game at St. George was on June 14. Their record at St. George was 17-6. After a lengthy road trip, on July 8 they finally debuted their new home field at 8th Avenue and 155th Street in Manhattan. They dubbed this field the new Polo Grounds. That general vicinity would be the Giants' home through the 1957 season.
Despite the nomadic nature of their 1889 season, the Giants would win the National League championship, edging out Boston by one game, and then go on to defeat Brooklyn in the NL-AA World Series.
Site Today
The ball park has since disappeared and the area is now residential area and home to General Pencil Company.
References
External links
Retrosheet 1889 game log for the Giants
Defunct baseball venues in the United States
Defunct Major League Baseball venues
Defunct sports venues in New Jersey
Baseball venues in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland%20Park%20%28Jersey%20City%2C%20New%20Jersey%29 |
The Los Cabos Corridor () is a tourist area located at the Los Cabos Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico. It sits on the southern coast of the Baja California Peninsula, facing the Gulf of California on the Transpeninsular Highway between San José del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas. It stretches about along the highway and addresses within this area are usually specified in terms of distances from the start of Highway 1. The corridor is a popular tourist destination due to its many beach resorts, golf courses, and sport fishing.
Notable events
Hurricane Marty made landfall at San José del Cabo on September 22, 2003.
Hurricane Odile made landfall on the Los Cabos Corridor on September 14, 2014.
The Sheraton Hacienda del Mar was the host of the 14th annual meeting of APEC, held in October 2002.
Part of the movie Troy (2004) was filmed at Playa El Faro Viejo.
Cabo San Lucas beaches
Lovers' Beach is unusual in that it opens to two seas: the Pacific side is known as "Divorce Beach."
See also
List of companies of Mexico
List of hotels in Mexico
References
Los Cabos Municipality (Baja California Sur)
Seaside resorts in Mexico
Hotels in Mexico
Beaches of Baja California Sur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Cabos%20Corridor |
Gary England (born October 3, 1939) is the former chief meteorologist for KWTV (channel 9), the CBS-affiliated television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. England was the first on-air meteorologist to alert his viewers of a possible tornado using a commercial Doppler weather radar. He is also known for contributing to the invention of the First Warning map graphic commonly used to show ongoing weather alerts without interrupting regular programming. Currently, Gary is the Vice President of Corporate Relations and Weather Development at Griffin Communications LLC, the parent company to KWTV-DT, although the company uses the same single-story building as the studio.
Early life and career
England was born in Seiling, Oklahoma to Hazel and Lesley England. He lived in Enid for a while but was mostly raised in the Seiling area. Like many meteorologists, a dramatic early experience with the weather shaped his interest. For England, one event stands out among the variety of memorable experience with western Oklahoma weather: the 1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes which wiped out much of nearby Woodward, killing over 100 people. He counts other weather, including tornadoes, blizzards, dust storms, flash floods, and wildfires, as piquing his interest in weather.
After graduating from high school, England joined the U.S. Navy at age 17, where he first began to study weather seriously. He attended the University of Oklahoma and graduated in 1965 with a B.S. in mathematics and meteorology. England then spent four years as a consulting meteorologist and oceanographer with A.H. Glenn and Associates in New Orleans.
Broadcasting career
England's first broadcasting job was a short stint at KTOK, an Oklahoma City talk radio station. England began working at KWTV on October 16, 1972. A few months later, KWTV introduced the first radar system specifically designed for television and during a live cut-in by England on May 24, 1973 for a tornado warning in Canadian County. Channel 9 viewers saw the radar image of a damaging F4 tornado near Union City in Canadian County which resulted in extensive damage to that small town. The Union City tornado was also the first documented chase ever on a tornado. The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) out of Norman placed numerous storm chasers around it to capture the life cycle on film, which was also a first.
An original video of England's live cut-in of the Union City tornado in 1973 is often still used today in Channel 9's promos of England and its severe weather coverage.
England is recognized, along with the firm Enterprise Electronics Corporation, as initiating development of the first commercial Doppler weather radar. While the National Weather Service is the only one legally responsible for issuing warnings in the United States, England is credited with issuing the first televised Doppler weather radar bulletin for a tornado, in March 1982. There is a dispute by some sources, as there was an earlier radar bulletin issued by Gil Whitney of WHIO-TV in Dayton, Ohio during the April 3, 1974 Xenia tornado. However, the radar used by WHIO during the Xenia Tornado was a conventional weather radar, not a Dopplerized radar.
In 1990 he helped create First Warning, a state map which appeared in the corner of the television screen, with counties colored in to indicate storm watches and warnings. In 1991 England also helped create Storm Tracker, a computer program that provided the audience with the time of arrival of severe weather. First Warning And Storm Tracker are used nationwide. He also helped create I-News, a computer program, since discontinued, that allowed PC users to receive both severe weather and breaking news alerts on their computer.
On July 23, 2013, KWTV announced that England would be leaving his position at KWTV to become Vice President for Corporate Relations and Weather Development for Griffin Communications, the parent company of KWTV-DT (both Griffin and KWTV are located in the same single-story building). England was to be succeeded by David Payne, and England's final day as KWTV head meteorologist would be August 30, 2013, with his last forecast given on August 28. England's retirement had been anticipated since Payne joined the station in January, although England had previously said he expected to leave in October 2014.
Other work
England had a cameo appearance (via KWTV's archives) during the opening scene and served as one of three 'weather announcers' in the 1996 movie Twister. He also served as a consultant for the film.
After the May 3, 1999 tornado outbreak, he appeared in over fifty national and international weather specials. In 2007 England wrote and recorded part of the sound track for a weather oriented episode of the cable show Saving Grace. England has written several books on Oklahoma weather, including his 1996 autobiography, Weathering The Storm, in which he cited Harry Volkman as an influence on his career. A new biography of England by Bob Burke was published in December 2006 titled, "Friday Night in the Big Town".
England rejects anthropogenic climate change and believes in cyclic change due to many factors. A KWTV promo was featured in a Daily Show piece regarding global warming on June 14, 2007. The piece starts with comments by global warming denier and Oklahoma Senator James Inhofe regarding The Weather Channel's chief meteorologist's statement that the American Meteorological Society (AMS) should not certify anyone who does not accept global warming. Inhofe argued that The Weather Channel needs global warming in order to scare viewers and boost ratings. The Daily Show followed up Inhofe's comments by playing the KWTV's "Calm During The Storm" promo where a family is running from a massive tornado, cowering in the basement, the family hears England's voice on the television and the mother says to her son (clutched in her hands) "OK baby, listen to Gary England, he's going to let us know" in which then host Jon Stewart mocks the scene with "Listen to Gary England— OR YOUR CHILDREN WILL DIE!" The Daily Show connects England and Inhofe as both being from Oklahoma.
England is interviewed in an episode of Monster Quest entitled "Unidentified Flying Creatures" where he comments on tornado footage that captured a Rod flying through the sky. In the interview, he comments on the phenomena without going into any supposition regarding its cause.
England made a cameo appearance in the 2021 fantasy movie Iké Boys as a weatherman.
Pop culture
England is a pop culture icon in Oklahoma City and has a cult like following. He originated his own homespun phrase which became local folklore: "jump back, throw me down, Loretta...it's Friday night in the big town!" England is aptly described as having a "folksy and off-beat sense of humor and a persona that's pure country".
In the 1996 movie Twister, footage from a Gary England forecast on November 19, 1973 was featured in said film's dramatic opening scene.
Publications
See also
1948 Tinker Air Force Base tornadoes
References
External links
KWTV-DT – Gary England — Griffin Communications LLC
The Weather God of Oklahoma City by Sam Anderson, The New York Times Magazine, August 9, 2013
KWTV Archive November 19, 1973 Tornado Coverage (complete video of the forecast featured in the movie Twister)
1939 births
Living people
People from Seiling, Oklahoma
United States Navy sailors
University of Oklahoma alumni
American television meteorologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20England |
Laureen Oliver is a US politician who co-founded the New York State Independence Party.
Career
In 1992, Oliver co-founded the New York State Independence Party with B. Thomas Golisano. Prior to the Independence Party, Oliver served as the Monroe County Chairwoman of United We Stand America.
Oliver served as Founding State Chairwoman of the Independence Party from 1993 to 1998. As Founding State Chairwoman, she organized the state party in almost all the counties in the state. Under her tenure, the party grew from nothing to one of the most successful and largest third parties in the country. The Independence Party was a fiscally conservative and socially moderate political party.
She also served as Tom Golisano's Campaign Chairwoman in his 1994, 1998 and 2002 gubernatorial bids. In 2002, Golisano's bid for governor of New York was ranked as the most expensive race in the U.S. and Golisano being the leader in the most personally-funded U.S.campaigns. Golisano spent almost $85 million of his own money.
She also served as a national delegate to the Reform Party and was fundamentally responsible for the Reform Party gaining recognition by the Federal Election Commission. She is widely recognized for being the most named person in election lawsuits in the United States.
After leaving the state, she went on to serve in campaigns in numerous other states as a ballot access expert. Today she is still considered one the country's most informed ballot access experts.
In 1994, she was the party's nominee for comptroller of New York State. In 1998, she was the running mate of B. Thomas Golisano for lieutenant governor. The Golisano/Oliver ticket finished third, behind the Republican ticket of Gov. George Pataki and Judge Mary Donohue and the Democratic ticket of New York City Council Speaker Peter Vallone and Brighton Town Supervisor Sandra Frankel.
In 1996, she served on Governor Lamm's presidential committee and nominated him at the 1996 Reform Party's National Convention in Long Beach, California.
In 2009, she became the National Chairwoman to Support Popular Vote, a heavily-funded national lobbyist organization backed by Tom Golisano. Today she remains the closest and longest political advisor to Tom Golisano.
2002 Results for New York Governor and Lieutenant Governor
George Pataki and Mary Donohue (R-C) (inc.), 49%
Carl McCall and Dennis Mehiel (D-WF), 33%
Tom Golisano and Donohue (I), 14%
1998 Results for New York Governor and Lieutenant Governor
George Pataki and Mary Donohue (R-C) (inc.), 54%
Peter Vallone and Sandra Frankel (D-WF), 33%
Tom Golisano and Laureen Oliver (I), 8%
Betsy McCaughey Ross and Jonathan C. Reiter (L), 1.4%
1994 Race for New York Comptroller
Carl McCall (D-L), 45.15%
Herbert London (R-C-RTL), 40.48%
Laureen Oliver (I), 1%
References
Women in New York (state) politics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laureen%20Oliver |
Lord Sherborne, Baron of Sherborne, in the County of Gloucester, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1784 for James Dutton, who had earlier represented Gloucestershire in Parliament. He was the son of James Dutton (originally James Naper) by Anne Dutton, daughter of Sir Ralph Dutton, 1st Baronet (see Dutton baronets). His father had assumed the surname of Dutton in lieu of his patronymic on succeeding to the Dutton estates in 1743. The title became extinct upon the death of the eighth Baron in 1985.
The Honourable Ralph Dutton, youngest son of the second Baron, was Member of Parliament for Hampshire South and Cirencester.
The hereditary Earl of Sherbourne was Lord John Marbury (portrayed by Roger Rees) on the American TV series The West Wing.
History of Sherborne
The ancestral seat of the Dutton family was Sherborne, Gloucestershire. In 1883 the Dutton estate consisted of: 3rd Baron Sherborne, 15773 acres in Gloucestershire (including the townships of Bibury, Windrush, Standish and Sherborne) and 150 acres in Hampshire; the Hon. John Thomas Dutton of Hinton Ampner (brother), 5124 acres in Hampshire; the Hon. Ralph Heneage Dutton of Tisbury Manor (brother), 3470 acres in Hampshire and 1280 acres in Somerset [the Wootton Courtenay estate]. The remaining estate of more than passed to the National Trust after the 7th Baron's death. In particular, Ralph Stawell Dutton, the 8th Baron, created the gardens at Hinton Ampner in Hampshire.
Thomas Dutton, acquired the manor of Sherborne in 1551 from Sir Christopher Alleyn. In 1574 and again in 1592 Thomas Dutton entertained Queen Elizabeth I at Sherborne, each time for six days. In 1657, at the death of John Dutton of Sherborne he was pronounced "... a learned and prudent man; and as one of the richest so one of the meekest men in England." In 1743 Sir John Dutton, (2nd) Baronet of Sherborne, the last in the Dutton male line at Sherborne, died. The Sherborne estate devolved to his sister Anne's son, James Lenox Naper (1712–1776), who changed his surname to Dutton in order to inherit. Thus, the Barons Sherborne are members of Clan Napier through their notable patrilineal ancestor, Sir Robert Napier, an eminent lawyer and Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland.
Sherborne's contribution to the world of thoroughbred horse racing was also important due to the close horse-breeding ties between Sir John Dutton and the Earl of Godolphin who owned Godolphin Arabian. A number of exchanges and transactions regarding mares and foals took place between them. After Sir John's death in 1743, the horse breeding connection with Godolphin was continued by Sir John's brother-in-law James Naper, and his son James Lenox Dutton. The first Baron Sherborne continued the tradition of his father and grandfather. He bred the foundation sire, Baronet, grandson of Eclipse, later owned by the Prince of Wales (later George IV) who won every race he entered in 1791.
Barons Sherborne (1784)
James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne (1744–1820)
John Baron Dutton, 2nd Baron Sherborne (1779–1862)
James Henry Legge Dutton, 3rd Baron Sherborne (1804–1883)
Edward Lenox Dutton, 4th Baron Sherborne (1831–1919)
Frederick George Dutton, 5th Baron Sherborne (1840–1920)
James Huntly Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne (1873–1949)
Charles Dutton, 7th Baron Sherborne (1911–1982)
Ralph Stawell Dutton, 8th Baron Sherborne (1898–1985)
See also
Dutton baronets
References
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1784
Clan Napier | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Sherborne |
Per Jimmie Åkesson (; born 17 May 1979) is a Swedish politician and author, serving as leader of the Sweden Democrats since 2005. He has been a member of the Riksdag (SD) for Jönköping County since 2010. He previously served as leader of the Sweden Democratic Youth from 2000 until 2005.
Early life
Jimmie Åkesson was born in Ivetofta in Skåne County, but grew up in Sölvesborg in Blekinge County. His father, Stefan, is a businessman who ran a floor laying business and his mother, Britt Marie, was a care provider in a nursing home. Åkesson's parents divorced when he was young and he was raised primarily by his mother.
Åkesson studied political science, law, economics, human geography and philosophy at Lund University, without graduating, and has stated that he became interested in politics around this time. Prior to working full-time in politics, Åkesson worked as a web developer and founded a web design company BMJ Aktiv with Björn Söder, the former party secretary of the Sweden Democrats.
Political career
Youth politics
Åkesson was a member of the Moderate Youth League, the youth wing of the Moderate Party, but left the Moderates to join the original version of Sweden Democratic Youth Association (the youth wing of the Sweden Democrats) in 1995, although some sources state 1994. In his autobiography, Åkesson wrote that he decided to become a member the SD on New Year's Eve in 1994 but did not formally sign membership papers until the new year and did not want to join while the party's first chairman Anders Klarström was in charge due to considering him too radical. In interviews, Åkesson has claimed that he joined the SD after many of the party's original and more hardline members had left. In an article for the SDU's magazine in 1997, Åkesson wrote "We had the first contact with SD sometime in December of the same year [1994], and during a meeting at New Year's Eve we decided to start working party politically, and that a local SDU branch would eventually be formed." Journalist and former SD press secretary Christian Krappedal corroborated that Åkesson became a member of the party in the spring of 1995.
In 1995, he also co-founded a local chapter of the Sweden Democratic Youth Association. In 1997, he was elected as a deputy member of the party board. The SD's policies that he claims he was most attracted to at first were its view on the European Union, and its policy on immigration.
In the 1998 Swedish general election, at the age of 19, Åkesson was elected to public office as a councilman in Sölvesborg Municipality. The same year, he also became deputy chairman of the newly established Sweden Democratic Youth (Sverigedemokratisk Ungdom), and later, from 2000 to 2005, was chairman of the organisation.
2005–present: Party leader
In 2005, he defeated party leader Mikael Jansson in a party election to become the party leader of the Sweden Democrats (SD). During his chairmanship of the youth league and as party leader, Åkesson has been described and has presented himself as part of a driving force to moderate the SD's policies and image. Along with Björn Söder, Richard Jomshof and Mattias Karlsson, Åkesson was considered part of the "Scania Gang" or "Fantastic Four" within the SD; a political clique of younger members who sought to moderate and reform the party.
In the 2010 Swedish general election, the SD for the first time crossed the election threshold and entered the Riksdag, with 5.70% of the votes, gaining 20 seats. Åkesson, who was placed first on the party's national ballot, was elected as a Member of the Riksdag (MP) along with 19 of his fellow party members.
In September 2014, Sveriges Radio (SR) reported that Åkesson had spent upwards of 500,000 kronor ($70,000) in 2014 alone on online betting. The sum is more than the politician would have earned all year, after tax, reported SR. The revelation caused an uproar, both among people who view Åkesson as unreliable and those who opposed SR's decision to publish the information. Among the latter were former Green Party Spokesperson Maria Wetterstrand and Foreign Minister Carl Bildt. Åkesson himself called SR's actions an attempt at character assassination.
Following the 2014 Swedish general election, Åkesson announced he would be on sick leave due to burnout. In early 2015, Åkesson was named Sweden's most important opinion leader for the calendar year 2014 by the Swedish magazine DSM in their annual rankings.
On 27 March 2015, Åkesson publicly announced that he would return to his duties as party leader for the SD, albeit initially in a somewhat reduced role, on the SVT program Skavlan, as well as in an open letter on his Facebook page.
In the 2018 Swedish general election, the SD got 17.6% of the votes (+4.7 pp), after the Swedish Social Democratic Party (28.4%, -2.6 pp) and the Moderate Party (19.8%, -3.5 pp). SD had 62 of 349 seats in the next Riksdag.
The SD saw a greater rise in support during the 2022 Swedish general election under Åkesson's leadership with the party overtaking the Moderates to become the second largest in the Riksdag.
Following the Palestinian attack on Israel on 7 October 2023, which killed more than 1,000 Israelis, people were spotted celebrating in various Swedish cities. Åkesson immediately stated that these people do not belong in Sweden and that he is open to expel those who praise terrorism.
Personal life
Åkesson was engaged to Louise Erixon, a former parliamentary aid to Björn Söder and the daughter of former Sweden Democrats MP Margareta Gunsdotter. Erixon served as the mayor of Sölvesborg from 2019 to 2022, and she was one of the first Sweden Democrats to hold a local mayorship. They have a son, born in 2013.
On 24 April 2020, Erixon announced on her Facebook page that the couple had separated some time previously.
Outside of politics, Åkesson is also a musician and plays keyboard for the rock group Bedårande Barn alongside Peter London. Åkesson currently resides in Sölvesborg. According to his personal profile, his main interests are playing golf and watching football. He is a supporter of Mjällby AIF.
Bibliography
(2008): 20 röster om 20 år. Sverigedemokraterna 1988–2008
(2009): Åkesson om... Vecka 40–52 2008
(2013): Satis polito.
(2018): Det moderna folkhemmet.
References
External links
Jimmie Åkesson at the Sweden Democrats' website
Jimmie Åkesson at the Swedish parliament's website
1979 births
Living people
Leaders of political parties in Sweden
Lund University alumni
People from Bromölla Municipality
People from Sölvesborg Municipality
People from Blekinge
Members of the Riksdag 2010–2014
Members of the Riksdag 2014–2018
Members of the Riksdag 2018–2022
Members of the Riksdag 2022–2026
Members of the Riksdag from the Sweden Democrats
21st-century Swedish politicians
Leaders of the Opposition | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmie%20%C3%85kesson |
Roselle Catholic High School is a coeducational, Roman Catholic high school, located on a campus in Roselle, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The school, established in 1959, operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark and the Marist Brothers. The school is accredited by the
As of the 2017–18 school year, the school had an enrollment of 354 students and 28 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.6:1. The school's student body was 34.7% (123) Black, 24.9% (88) White, 17.8% (63) Hispanic, 12.7% (45) Asian and 9.9% (35) two or more races.
Morses Creek flows through the campus.
Athletics
The Roselle Catholic High School Lions compete in the Union County Interscholastic Athletic Conference, which includes public and private high schools in Union County and operates under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA) and was established as part of a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey. Prior to the NJSIAA's 2009 realignment, the school had participated in the Mountain Valley Conference, which included public and private high schools in Essex County, Somerset County and Union County. With 255 students in grades 10–12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Non-Public B for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 37 to 366 students in that grade range (equivalent to Group II for public schools).
The boys track team won the indoor track Non-Public state championship in 1965, 1967 and 1969, and won the Non-Public B title in 2011. The girls team won the Group II title in 2004 (as co-champion) and the Non-Public B title in 2009.
The boys track team won the Non-Public indoor relay championships in 1967–1969, 1973 and 1974. The program's five state titles are tied for ninth-most in the state.
The boys baseball team won the Non-Public A North state championship in 1967 and 1968, and won the Non-Public A state title in 1978 vs. Camden Catholic High School. The 1978 team won the Parochial A state title with a 3–1 win against Camden Catholic in the championship game played at Mercer County Park.
The boys track team won the Non-Public Group A spring / outdoor track state championship in 1967 and 1973.
The boys cross country running team won the Non-Public Group A state championship in 1968 and 1969, and won the Non-Public B title 2004 and 2008.
The boys bowling team won the Group I state championship in 2008 and 2009.
The girls volleyball team won the Non-Public state championship in 2006, defeating runner-up Immaculate Heart Academy in the final match of the tournament.
The boys' basketball team won the Non-Public B state championships in 2013-2015 (defeating St. Anthony High School in the finals each of the three years) and 2018 (vs. Ranney School). The team won their third consecutive Non-Public B title in 2015 with a 56–52 win against St. Anthony in the championship game. The team won the 2018 Non-Public B title with a 63–61 win against Ranney School on a basket scored with just over six seconds remaining in the championship game. The team came into the 2013 Tournament of Champions as the top seed and finished the season 25-5 after winning the program's first ToC title with a 78–54 win against fifth-seeded Newark Tech High School in the semifinals and 65–49 against number-two seed St. Joseph High School of Metuchen in the championship game. The 2015 team won the school's second ToC title with a 103–34 win against Paulsboro High School in the semifinals and 57–45 against Pope John XXIII Regional High School in the finals, behind 27 points by Isaiah Briscoe. The team came into the 2018 ToC as the top seed and won the program's third title with a 75–62 win against Nottingham High School in the semifinals and a 61–54 win against Don Bosco Preparatory High School in the finals at the CURE Insurance Arena in Trenton, despite a career-high 33 points from Don Bosco's Ron Harper Jr.
Labyrinth
At the center of the school's courtyard is a spiraling brick walkway called the Roselle Catholic High School Labyrinth. The labyrinth is made of 8,000 bricks and was constructed in the summer of 2008 to commemorate Roselle Catholic's 50th anniversary as a school. A sign near the entrance to the courtyard explains its significance:
"Walking the ancient labyrinth is an ancient spiritual act that is being rediscovered in our time. Labyrinths are unicursal, offering one path. Unlike a maze, there are no dead ends. By combining a number of even older symbols, the labyrinth represents the journey inward to our own true selves and back out into the everyday world. Walking a labyrinth can be a metaphor for life – full of unexpected twists and sudden changes in direction. This can be a profoundly moving experience which offers opportunities for spiritual and personal growth."
Notable alumni
Aaron Bradshaw, basketball player.
Isaiah Briscoe (born 1996, class of 2015), basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball and Orlando Magic.
Tom Coyne (1954-2017), mastering engineer.
Daniel Hugh Kelly (born 1952, class of 1970), actor and star of Hardcastle and McCormick television series.
Wan J. Kim (born 1968, class of 1986), former Assistant Attorney General for the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division.
Louis King (born 1999), college basketball player for the Oregon Ducks, who transferred after his freshman year.
Mackenzie Mgbako, small forward who has committed to play for the Indiana Hoosiers
Bill Murphy (born 1989), professional baseball pitching coach for the Houston Astros
Clifford Omoruyi (born 2001), basketball player for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights and the Nigeria national team
Marissa Paternoster (born 1986), artist, singer, songwriter and musician.
John Pelesko (born ; class of 1986), mathematician.
Nazreon Reid (born 1999), center for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA.
Malachi Richardson (born 1996), NBA basketball player for the Sacramento Kings.
Tyler Roberson (born 1994), professional basketball player for the Agua Caliente Clippers of the NBA G League.
Karl Schellscheidt (born 1968, class of 1986), soccer player, educator and entrepreneur.
Chris Silva (born 1996, class of 2015), NBA player.
Kurt Sutter (class of 1982), writer, producer, actor, director and creator of Sons of Anarchy television series.
Dick Sweeney (class of 1966), co-founder of Keurig, developer of the K-Cup single coffee brewing system.
Jameel Warney (born 1994, class of 2012), basketball player who played in the NBA for the Dallas Mavericks.
References
1959 establishments in New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1959
Private high schools in Union County, New Jersey
Catholic secondary schools in New Jersey
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark
Roselle, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roselle%20Catholic%20High%20School |
Achkhoy-Martanovsky District (; , Theẋa-Martan khoşt) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of fifteen in the Chechen Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Achkhoy-Martan.
Health care
State health facilities in the district are represented by one central district hospital in Achkhoy-Martan and one district hospital in Samashki.
Demographics
Population: 64,839 (2002 Census); The population of Achkhoy-Martan accounts for 25.7% of the district's total population.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Chechnya
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achkhoy-Martanovsky%20District |
Mushroom Corner is an unincorporated community in Thurston County, Washington, United States. Mushroom Corner is located in the urban growth area of Lacey, along Interstate 5 outside of Olympia, and is included in the Tanglewilde-Thompson Place Census-designated place (CDP) for Census purposes. The "corner" in Mushroom Corner is located at the intersection of Steilacoom Road SE and Marvin Road SE.
The community took takes its name from the local mushroom crop; the Ostrom Mushroom Farm operates nearby.
References
Unincorporated communities in Thurston County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom%20Corner%2C%20Washington |
When a Stranger Calls Back is a 1993 American made-for-television psychological horror film and a sequel to the 1979 classic When a Stranger Calls which reunites stars Carol Kane and Charles Durning (reprising their roles as Jill Johnson and John Clifford, respectively) with director Fred Walton from the original film. It was originally broadcast on Showtime on April 4, 1993.
Plot
Julia Jenz (Jill Schoelen) arrives at Dr. Schifrin's house for a routine baby-sitting gig. Soon after Dr. Schifrin and his wife leave, a mysterious man knocks on the door. The man tells Julia that his car is broken down and asks to come inside to use the phone. Julia refuses him admittance, but agrees to call the auto club. She finds the phone is dead. Afraid to divulge this detail, Julia lies and says that she called the auto club. The auto club never arrives, and the man returns repeatedly asking for help. Hoping he'll go away, Julia continues to lie, but the conversations gradually become increasingly threatening. Meanwhile, Julia notices things are not as they appear in the house and comes to understand that someone's in the house. At this time, Julia also discovers the children have been abducted. The intruder is seen in the house as she narrowly escapes. It is later revealed that the children Julia babysat were never found or heard from again.
Five years later, Julia is an introverted college student still traumatized by the incident. To make matters worse, strange things happen from time to time in her apartment, and Julia comes to believe that the children's abductor is stalking her. Jill Johnson (Carol Kane), now a counselor at the college Julia attends, offers to help with the trauma of Julia's past experience as well as the current events taking place. Jill contacts John Clifford (Charles Durning) to come to Julia's aid and help figure out who is stalking her. For protection, Jill helps Julia purchase a gun and teaches her how to use it.
Julia comes to believe the intruder is entering her apartment while she's sleeping and decides to stay with Jill until she feels safe to return to her own home. Having been through a similar situation years before, Jill and a reluctant John investigate the incident from Julia's past and conclude the stalker may be a ventriloquist capable of throwing his voice; he employed this skill to make it seem like he was outside when speaking to Julia during the original stalking incident when the Schifrin children were kidnapped. As they investigate, Jill and John receive news that Julia has shot herself in the head while at her apartment. Jill promises to find her stalker.
John eventually tracks down the children's abductor at a club where the latter performs as a ventriloquist, just as John hypothesized, but the perpetrator escapes. John tracks down the perpetrator's home, and there finds pictures of Julia in the hospital and Jill's apartment. Having returned to her apartment, Jill notices a carton of juice bearing the faces of the abducted children Julia babysat. Frightened, she arms herself and the offender begins to taunt her; he is seen wearing makeup that allows him to 'disappear' from sight against Jill's apartment walls. He attacks and in the altercation, Jill is shot. John shows up just in time to shoot and kill the intruder.
Some time later, Jill is recuperating in the hospital where Julia is located and is wheeled to Julia's room to discover her out of her coma, having survived the gunshot wound to the head.
Cast
Carol Kane as Jill Johnson
Charles Durning as John Clifford
Jill Schoelen as Julia Jenz
Gene Lythgow as William Landis
Kevin McNulty as Dr. Schifrin
Cheryl Wilson as Mrs. Schifrin
Jerry Wasserman as Detective Brauer
John Destry as Detective #1
Bobby Stewart as Detective #2
Terence Kelly as Medical Examiner
Gary Jones as X-Ray Technician
Duncan Fraser as Club Owner
Babz Chula as Agent
Jenn Griffin as Club Girl #1
Rebeccah Mullen as Club Girl #2
Release
Home media
When a Stranger Calls Back was released on VHS and DVD by Good Times Video on May 15, 2001. The film debuted on Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on December 17, 2018, in a limited collector's edition released by Second Sight. It included the first film and Walton's short film The Sitter as well as the score on CD and a 40-page book. The limited edition was followed by a standard edition from Second Sight, no longer containing the book or soundtrack.
The film was released on Blu-ray for the first time in the United States by Shout Factory on May 28, 2019. It includes a new 4K scan from the original camera negative, Walton's aforementioned short film, and interviews with the cast and crew.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews, with praise going towards the performances of the cast and the opening and ending sequence, but criticisms were aimed at the sluggish middle act. Despite this, it received overall better reviews than its predecessor. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 63% based on , with an average rating of 6.3/10.
Tony Scott of Variety gave the film a positive review, commending the film's acting, production design, direction, editing, and script. Brett Gallman from Oh the Horror stated that, while it was as good as its predecessor, it shared too many of the same flaws to be entirely successful. Dennis Schwartz of Ozus’ World Movie Reviews rated the film a grade B−, calling it "a decent nail-biter that plays on the tension it builds up, despite its gaps in logic".
See also
List of films featuring home invasions
References
External links
1993 horror films
1990s English-language films
Films based on urban legends
Television sequel films
American horror television films
1993 television films
1993 films
Films about stalking
Films directed by Fred Walton (director)
Showtime (TV network) films
Home invasions in film
When a Stranger Calls (film series)
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20a%20Stranger%20Calls%20Back |
The South Seattle College Arboretum (formerly South Seattle Community College Arboretum, renamed with the college in March 2014) is a arboretum and botanical garden located at the north end of the South Seattle College campus in Seattle, Washington. It is open daily without charge. The Seattle Chinese Garden is adjacent.
The arboretum was established in 1978. As of 2006, its collections include:
Acer Garden – 40 varieties of maples with an emphasis on Asiatic species.
Coenosium Rock Garden – one of the largest collections of dwarf conifers on the West Coast.
Mert & Beth Dawley Fern Garden – 20 types of ferns and a variety of companion plants.
Mabel Davis Memorial Garden – with a fine view of Elliott Bay and the Seattle skyline.
Entry Garden – a formal display of ornamental grasses, herbaceous perennials, bulbs, and annuals.
H. C. Erickson Garden – heather and birch trees.
Anna C. Mason Garden – an old-fashioned perennial garden.
Charles and Clark Malmo Rhododendron Garden – rhododendron species and hybrids with native companion plants.
Sequoia Grove – specimens of giant sequoia, coast redwood, and dawn redwood.
Helen Sutton Rose Garden – a classical rose garden, with more than 100 varieties of hybrid tea, floribunda, grandifloras, and English roses.
Milton Sutton Dwarf Conifer Garden – a collection of conifer species and cultivars.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
External links
South Seattle Community College Arboretum
Seattle Chinese Garden (under construction) Washington, USA
Arboreta in Washington (state)
Botanical gardens in Washington (state)
Parks in Seattle
West Seattle, Seattle
1978 establishments in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Seattle%20College%20Arboretum |
Urus-Martanovsky District (; , Ẋalxa-Martanan khoşt) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Chechen Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Urus-Martan. Population: 61,181 (2002 Census); The population of Urus-Martan accounts for 40.7% of the district's total population.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Chechnya | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urus-Martanovsky%20District |
Jay Abel Hubbell (September 15, 1829 – October 13, 1900) was a politician and judge from the U.S. state of Michigan, who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Hubbell was born in Avon (now Rochester Hills), Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1853, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1855. He was elected district attorney of the Upper Peninsula in 1857 and 1859. Two years later, he began serving as prosecuting attorney of Houghton County from 1861 to 1867.
In 1872, Hubbell was elected as a Republican to the 43rd and to the four succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1883, becoming the first to represent Michigan's 9th congressional district. Governor John J. Bagley appointed Hubbell as state commissioner to the 1876 Centennial International Exhibition, in which capacity he collected and prepared the state exhibit of minerals. During the 47th Congress he chaired the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior.
Hubbell is, perhaps, best known for his creation of the "Grand Army Journal" newspaper. This libelous publication was almost universally denounced. Its sole purpose was to defame Senator Thomas Ferry. Ferry was a powerful Senator who was well regarded in Michigan and across the country. Hubbell sought (unsuccessfully) to take his place in the Senate by throwing slanderous headlines in his "Journal" which he mailed out by the thousands.
After leaving Congress, he served in the Michigan Senate from 1885 to 1887, was a presidential elector for Michigan in the 1892 election, and served as circuit judge of the twelfth judicial circuit from 1894 until his resignation in 1899. He died in Houghton, Michigan, and is interred there at Forest Hill Cemetery.
Hubbell is the figure most responsible for getting the state legislature to establish a school of mines for the training of mine engineers in Houghton. Hubbell donated land for the school's first buildings in 1885. The school of mines eventually expanded into Michigan Technological University.
Jay Abel Hubbell is the eponym of Hubbell, an unincorporated community in Houghton County.
Notes
References
The Political Graveyard
External links
1829 births
1900 deaths
People from Rochester Hills, Michigan
Prosecuting attorneys in Michigan
Michigan lawyers
Republican Party Michigan state senators
Michigan state court judges
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Abel%20Hubbell |
Fobes Hill is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,418 at the 2010 census. Fobes Hill is a middle class residential community located along Fobes Road, northwest of the city of Snohomish.
Geography
Fobes Hill is located at (47.939220, -122.134076).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.655 square miles (12.06 km), all of it land.
References
External links
Ridge at Fobes Hill housing development
Census-designated places in Snohomish County, Washington
Census-designated places in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fobes%20Hill%2C%20Washington |
Vedensky (masculine), Vedenskaya (feminine), or Vedenskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Vedensky District, a district of the Chechen Republic, Russia
Vedensky (inhabited locality) (Vedenskaya, Vedenskoye), name of several rural localities in Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedensky |
The Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC) is the interface of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with organized labour. TUAC has 59 affiliated trade union centres in 31 OECD countries, representing more than 66 million workers. It also has associate members in Brazil, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa.
History
In recent years, TUAC has focused on the response to the economic crisis, stressing the need for anti-crisis policies that stimulate growth and protect and create jobs, together with stronger regulation of the financial sector. TUAC calls for a paradigm shift in the underlying economic model so as to deliver a stronger global economy that reduces income inequality. It supports policies that promote aggregate demand, green growth, sustainable and inclusive development, responsible long-term investments and financial markets, as well as fair and progressive tax systems.
To this end, TUAC actively participates in various OECD Committees and conferences, including the OECD Forum and Ministerial Council Meeting.
TUAC, working with the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) co-ordinates trade union input to the G20 and G8 Summits through the L20, and took part in the G20 Employment Task Force and Sherpa meetings, as well as in social partners consultations with Ministers and Leaders. It also co-ordinated trade union input in the book Exiting from the crisis: towards a model of more equitable and sustainable growth .
TUAC and its Global Union partners have also contributed to the update of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. TUAC has launched a database and website of trade union cases submitted under the Guidelines since 2000.
Leadership
General Secretaries
1949: Walter Schevenels
1966: Charles Ford
1971: Henri Bernard
1978: Kari Tapiola
1985: John Evans
2017: Pierre Habbard
2022: Veronica Nilsson (interim)
Presidents
1949: Evert Kupers
1951: Henk Oosterhuis
Morgues
1966: W. F. van Tilburg
1969: George Lowthian
1973: Svend Bache Vognbjerg
1980: Lennart Bodström
1982: David Basnett
1986: Lane Kirkland
1996: Bob White
2000: John Sweeney
2010: Richard Trumka
2021: Marc Leemans (acting)
2022: Liz Shuler
References
External links
Labour20 official website
International economic organizations
Organizations based in Paris
Trade unions established in 1948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade%20Union%20Advisory%20Committee%20to%20the%20OECD |
Weihenstephan Abbey (Kloster Weihenstephan) was a Benedictine monastery in Weihenstephan, now part of the district of Freising, in Bavaria, Germany. Brauerei Weihenstephan, located at the monastery site since at least 1040, is said to be the world's oldest continuously operating brewery.
Monastery
Saint Korbinian, whose arrival in Freising is dated at around 720, founded a church dedicated to Saint Stephen here. A dormitory for monks that originally adjoined the building disappears from records by the end of the eighth century. The monastery itself, dedicated at first to Saint Vitus, then later to Saints Stephen and Michael, was founded by Bishop Hitto von Freising between 811 and 835. From then until 1020 or 1021 it was a monastery of Augustinian canons before becoming a Benedictine abbey.
The abbey was dissolved in 1803 during the secularisation of Bavaria and its property sold off. In 1810 the abbey church, which had been made into a parish church, was demolished.
Brewery
The world's oldest continuously operating brewery
The Weihenstephan Brewery can trace its roots at the abbey to 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. A brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and that is the founding date claimed by the modern brewery. The brewery thus has a credible claim to being the oldest working brewery in the world. (Weltenburg Abbey, also in Bavaria, has had a brewery in operation since 1050, and also claims to be the oldest brewery in the world.) When the monastery and brewery were secularised in 1803, they became possessions of the State of Bavaria.
Late history
Since 1923, the brewery has been known as the Bavarian State Brewery Weihenstephan (in German Bayerische Staatsbrauerei Weihenstephan), and is operated in conjunction with the Technical University of Munich as both a state-of-the-art production facility and a centre for learning.
The brewery produces a range of pale lagers and wheat beers including Weihenstephaner Weissbier, a 5.4% ABV weissbier which is available in filtered (Kristall) and unfiltered (Hefe) versions. The strongest beers the brewery produces are Infinium (10.5% ABV), Vitus (a 7.7% ABV wheat beer) and Korbinian (a 7.4% ABV strong lager or bock).
References
External links
Klöster in Bayern: Weihenstephan
Weihenstephaner Brewery website
Beer and breweries in Bavaria
Benedictine monasteries in Germany
Monasteries in Bavaria
1803 disestablishments
Christian monasteries established in the 9th century
Buildings and structures in Freising (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weihenstephan%20Abbey |
Commonality was the second album released by Jeff Coffin, released in 1999. This album was the first and, so far, only album released by Coffin as a solo artist. His previous album being under the name Jeff Coffin Ensemble and subsequent albums recorded and released by the Jeff Coffin Mu'tet.
Track listing
All tracks by Jeff Coffin
"First Comes Last" – 5:17
"Salt Lick" – 4:51
"Commonality" – 9:47
"Espoo You" – 7:38
"Angle Of Repose" – 10:39
"Something Quick" – 10:42
"Outside, The Gray Sky Cries" – 6:18
"Who's Who" – 7:47
"Prayer" – 4:45
Personnel
Jeff Coffin - alto & tenor saxophones
Rod McGaha - trumpet
Chris Enghauser - acoustic bass
Tom Giampietro - drums
References
1999 albums
Jeff Coffin albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonality%20%28album%29 |
Gudermessky (masculine), Gudermesskaya (feminine), or Gudermesskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Gudermessky District, a district of the Chechen Republic, Russia
Gudermesskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the town of republic significance of Gudermes in the Chechen Republic, Russia is incorporated as | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudermessky |
José Christian Chávez Garza (, born August 7, 1983), most often known as Christian Chávez is a Mexican singer, songwriter and actor, best known for his role as Giovanni Méndez López in the telenovela Rebelde and its spin-off pop group RBD.
Career
In 2002, Chávez was cast as Fernando 'Fercho' Lucena in the telenovela Clase 406. The series had four seasons and 350 one-hour episodes in total.
In 2004, Chávez joined a new telenovela Rebelde as one of the lead characters, Juan "Giovanni" Méndez López, a mischievous and rebellious student at a private boarding school in Mexico. Chávez became widely known for his ever-changing hair colors.
The success of Rebelde launched RBD composed of Chávez, Anahí, Dulce María, Christopher von Uckermann, Maite Perroni, and Alfonso Herrera. The group made 9 studio albums, including records in Spanish, Portuguese and English. To date, they have sold over 20 million albums worldwide, and toured across Mexico, South America, Serbia, Romania, the United States, and Spain. On August 15, 2008, RBD released a message telling fans that they had decided to split up. They went on one final tour, Gira Del Adios World Tour which ended in 2008. To this day, RBD is considered the most successful pop group in Mexican history.
In June 2007, Chávez briefly appeared in the stage shows Hoy No Me Puedo Levantar, and in May 2008 he participated in Avenida Q (the Mexican version of Avenue Q), where he played the main puppet characters Eugenio (Princeton) and Rodrigo (Rod); his presence on the shows was intended to be one of the main box office attractions.
After RBD's breakup, Chávez launched his career as a solo recording artist. His first studio album, Almas Transparentes, peaked at number 56 on the Mexican pop charts.
In April 2011, Chávez released the provocative music video for his single "Libertad", featuring former co-star Anahí, which became an instant sensation on YouTube with more than 1,000,000 views within three days of its upload. The video featured Chávez in a church confessional telling a priest he was not sorry for his sexual preference; it featured a cameo by Perez Hilton. "The video looks super sexy", Hilton gushed on his blog. "It's inspired us to unleash our own LIBERTAD." "Libertad" continues to be an anthem for the gay youth throughout Latin America.
On August 14, 2012, Chávez released the highly anticipated album Esencial, an acoustic compilation of songs performed at his show in São Paulo, Brazil in January 2012. People en Español called the release of his single, Sacrilégio, "the return of Christian Chávez". A red carpet presentation of Esencial was held in Mexico City in June. Chávez performed duets with RBD co-star Maite Perroni and Mexican pop/rock singer Ana Victoria.
"Sacrilegio", a track on Esencial also released as a single, immediately landed in the top 10 on Mexican pop charts. Other notable songs on the album include "No Me Olvides", written for Chávez by Mexican singer Juan Gabriel, and a remake of "¿En Donde Estas?" sung as a duet with Indonesian pop star Agnes Monica.
A DVD version of Esencial was released in late 2012.
In 2016, Chávez appeared on the telenovela Despertar contigo, marking his first telenovela role since Rebelde. In addition, Chavez revealed he was recording new music.
In October 2020, Chávez Participated on the Reality Show of the Spanish Version of “The Masked Singer”, ¿Quién es la máscara? on the 2nd Season as a Black Panther, and was eliminated on the 4th Episode.
In 2020, Chávez appeared on Netflix's Original Serie The House of Flowers as a supporting role character, "Pato Lascurain".
Personal life
Coming out
In March 2007, a magazine published pictures of Chávez signing documents and exchanging rings with another man, allegedly his Canadian boyfriend (later identified as B.J. Murphy), outing Chávez with them. The pictures had been taken in 2005, the year in which same-sex marriages became legal in Canada. There was significant speculation over how the photos were obtained as the ceremony had only included immediate family.
Chávez, who in October 2006 denied rumors of homosexuality, declared in March 2007, in a message posted on RBD's website, that the photos showed a part of him that he had not been willing to discuss previously.
The message, interpreted by many reports as Chavez's official decision to come out of the closet, made international headlines due to Mexico's traditionally conservative roots. Chavez is described as the first high-profile figure in Mexican showbiz to come out.
In an interview with Televisa approximately three months after his coming out, Chávez said the decision allowed him to "begin a healing process in which I left things behind and began many wonderful things."
Legal and personal troubles
In April 2007, People en Español published a report claiming that Chavez and then-husband BJ Murphy maintained a physically abusive relationship, which Chávez denied.
In May 2007, Chávez was arrested for allegedly buying marijuana in New York City. Chavez subsequently apologized.
In 2009, Chávez confirmed he and Murphy were seeking a divorce. The reason for their separation had been the subject of much speculation, but Chávez insisted that their relationship did not end on bad terms: "[Murphy] is a person I love and respect; I also admire him as a professional."
In March 2012, Chávez confirmed he was dating Los Angeles real estate agent Ben Kruger after photos of them together were published in the tabloid TV Notas and later People en Español.
In late April 2013, Chávez, by then broken up with Kruger, was arrested along with Kruger in their Beverly Hills apartment for alleged domestic violence. This followed an incident in February that same year, where Chávez was accused of throwing a cinder block through a skylight at the apartment. Charges related to the late April incident were later dropped due to lack of evidence, as Chávez and Kruger placed blame on each other.
In October 2013, Chávez published multiple pictures on his Twitter account showing his bloodied wrists in what appeared to be a suicide attempt. Chavez reportedly immediately returned to Mexico from Los Angeles to enter a rehabilitation program. On October 10, 2013, Chávez released a video of himself which was uploaded to his YouTube channel, where he explained that he had attempted to commit suicide, and the photos he had uploaded were real.
In the aftermath of the suicide attempt, Latin Times released a letter purportedly written by Kruger, describing what happened that led to his highly publicized arrest with Chávez a few months prior. Among other things, Kruger accused Chávez of numerous instances of lying and infidelity, and also accused members of the media of collusion with Chavez and failing to provide fair coverage. In addition, Kruger claimed that Chavez was still married to Murphy for the duration of Chávez's relationship with Kruger, as Chávez lacked sufficient financial resources to initiate divorce proceedings.
In 2015, Chávez revealed that, shortly after he uploaded the photos, his former bandmate and close friend Anahí rushed to his apartment and "saved his life".
In 2020, Dutch makeup artist Maico Kemper also came forward with domestic violence allegations stating he ended their relationship after a heated argument in which Christian smashed a bottle of tequila over his head and he lost consciousness. Photos of the injury were released in the media. Christian denied the allegations and accused Kemper of slander.
Awards and recognition
In 2010, Chávez was recognized as one of People en Español's 50 most beautiful.
During the 22nd GLAAD Media Awards in 2011, Chávez received an award for Outstanding Spanish-Language Music Artist for his album Almas Transparentes.
Filmography
Television
Reality show
Esse Artista Sou Eu performances
Discography
Studio albums
2010: Almas Transparentes
Extended play (EP)
2011: Libertad EP
2012: Esencial EP
2018: Conectado
Live album
2012: Esencial
Singles
2010: ¿En Dónde Estás?
2010: Almas Transparentes
2011: Libertad (con Anahí)
2012: Sacrilégio
2012: Mas Vale Tarde Que Nunca (con Ana Victoria)
Tours
2009: Christian Pocket Show
2010: Libertad World Tour
2012: Esencial Tour
References
External links
Official Facebook
Official YouTube
Official Twitter
1983 births
Mexican gay musicians
Mexican gay actors
Mexican LGBT singers
Living people
Mexican pop singers
Mexican male telenovela actors
Mexican male television actors
21st-century Mexican male actors
21st-century Mexican male singers
Actors from Tamaulipas
Musicians from Tamaulipas
Gay singers
RBD members
Portuguese-language singers of Mexico
Articles containing video clips
Mexican expatriates in the United States
20th-century Mexican LGBT people
21st-century Mexican LGBT people
LGBT people in Latin music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Ch%C3%A1vez |
Frances is an unincorporated community in Pacific County, Washington, United States. Frances is located along State Route 6 east of the community of Lebam. Frances and surrounding areas are part of an area heavily affected by the logging industry.
References
Unincorporated communities in Pacific County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%2C%20Washington |
List of states by population may refer to:
List of countries and dependencies by population
List of states and territories of the United States by population
List of states and union territories of India by population
See also
Population (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20states%20by%20population |
The Connect Charter School, formerly the Calgary Science School, is a Canadian public charter school in Calgary, Alberta; which teaches grades four through nine.
History
The school was established in 1999 as Calgary Science School and moved to its current location, formerly the Calgary Board of Education's Clem Gardner Elementary School, in 2002.
The school originally conducted placement testing to ensure average academic performance in students admitted to the school, but this is no longer the case. Students can enroll and be granted a spot in the school solely after being selected from the top of the wait list and paying annual enrichment fees, regardless of their academic performance or needs.
In July 2012, the school was granted a 15-year charter from the Alberta Government. The school was renamed to the Connect Charter School effective January 1, 2014.
Today
At the time of writing, there are 104 students each in grades 4-9. Wait lists are held for each grade in the event of students leaving or transferring away.
Ten buses, owned and operated by Southland Bussing of Calgary service CCS, taking the majority of the kids to and from school every school day.
Currently, CCS has over 50 staff members, including janitorial staff, technical staff, office attendants, and those in charge of publications.
Technology
CCS maintains a 1-to-1 student to computer ratio, and it finished the transition from a Windows to a Mac base in the beginning of the 2006–2007 school year. Due to an Emerging Technologies grant from Alberta Education, in the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 school years, each student received their own Apple MacBook. Students continue to be provided an iPad as part of their enrichment fees and the school's efforts to integrate technology into what it calls "inquiry-based learning".
All CCS classrooms are equipped with SMART board technology, and every classroom has a NEC projector and a screen. Classes use SMART boards for creative math and science debates/discussions.
The Macintosh move was made to fully integrate Apple's Ecosystem into the CCS technology to have more control and surveillance over the students.
School events
ConnectED Canada Conference: The Calgary Science School hosted the first and second ConnectED Canada conferences. The conference hosted 156 delegates in the first year and 277 registered delegates from across Canada May 24–26, 2013.
Innovate West: will be an annual conference held at the Connect Charter School, formerly the Calgary Science School, celebrating a network of forward thinking educators in western Canada.
Lasers got Talent: Groups of students or single students will audition with pieces of music they make, sing and dance to a song or just show off their talents. The best ones perform in front of the whole school. The latest show was on October 30, 2009 when Chase Hadden showed of his yo-yo skills and Swish Goswami became MJ and performed "Smooth Criminal".
Laser Idol: Students use their voices to sing just like in Canadian Idol, but the age requirement is between Grades 4 and 9, rather than between 16 and 28, just like on the show. Just like Laserband, the best singers are picked from the pack and put up on stage to perform for the school.
Peace Festival: Students enter the gym and circle to many different stations that have different meaning. Since CSS has many races and religions within the walls, most of the stations represent just that. There are stations where you pinpoint on a world map where you're from, there is a station where you get your face painted, and one station in the 2006–2007 peace festival included fictional stories written by grade 8 students, that were designed to be realistic and show some of the problems street children in favelas in Brazil face every day.
Lego League: The Calgary Science School periodically participates in FIRST Lego League, as they have since the 2003 edition, Mission Mars. Students are invited to participate either at lunch times or in electives.
Courses
From its first creation in 1999, Science Alberta School enforced a compulsory course known as SAS Quest. When the school was renamed as Calgary Science School, the program became Quest. The objective of this course was to familiarize students with everyday problems in the world and how to solve them. This program was removed in the 2004 school year.
For electives (options) there are many choices including: CO2 Cars, Digital Film Making, Photography, 3-D Design and Modelling, Animation, Outdoor Pursuits, Game Design, First Aid, and Dance.
Students in some classes have the option to do "Explorer Projects". They are able to pick any topic of their liking, and explore the question until answered. Students often have very wide ranges of subjects.
Recently, the plant room was turned into a woodworking shop, and now for grades 6 through 9, there is an elective started by Mr. Scott Petronech called CO2-powered cars. Students carve and sand wooden cars, load them with CO2 canisters, and race them.
References
Stephen, Cindy, "School shares peace message", Calgary Herald, December 16, 2004. pg. N.1.Fro.
Lewington, Nancy, "Alberta has 'best-kept secret' in schooling", The Spectator (Hamilton, Ontario). September 25, 2004, pg. F.08.
External links
Official site of Calgary Science School
http://calgaryscienceschool.blogspot.ca
Elementary schools in Calgary
Middle schools in Calgary
Charter schools in Canada
Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect%20Charter%20School |
Mount Sinai Medical Center is a hospital located at 4300 Alton Road in Miami Beach, Florida, and is the largest independent non-profit hospital in South Florida. The institution was incorporated on March 11, 1946, and opened on its current location on December 4, 1949.
Locations and affiliations
Mount Sinai Medical Center includes six locations throughout Miami-Dade County. In 2009, Mount Sinai Medical Center began an affiliation with Columbia University, allowing for students and patients to treat, research, and study between Miami and New York City. As part of the affiliation, the Mount Sinai Heart Institute and the Columbia University Divisions of Cardiology and Urology at Mount Sinai were created. This institution is not affiliated with the Mount Sinai School of Medicine or Mount Sinai Hospital, established in 1852 in New York.
The center's five satellite locations include a freestanding emergency department, physician offices, diagnostic center and cancer center in Aventura, physician offices in Coral Gables, Hialeah and Key Biscayne and a diagnostic catheterization and sleep lab in Coral Gables. Mount Sinai includes more than 700 physicians, 3,500 employees and 500 volunteers.
Facilities
, the medical center has 589 staffed beds.
Miami Heart Institute
Mount Sinai purchased Miami Heart Institute in 2000 for $75 million on the theory that consolidating the two hospitals would slowly ease the competition of the two nearby facilities and improve their image. Many of Miami Heart Institute's Doctors, nurses and skilled technical staff were transferred over to Mount Sinai as part of the acquisition. In February 2012, Mount Sinai Medical Center sold the Miami Heart Institute building, which was redeveloped into a luxury condo under the Ritz-Carlton brand. , Mount Sinai Medical Center is the only hospital and largest employer on Miami Beach.
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Mount Sinai Medical Center provides following clinical services:
Mount Sinai currently has 15 different buildings/pavilions and they are as follows:
Ascher Building
Blum Pavilion
Comprehensive Cancer Center
De Hirsch Meyer Tower (Main Building)
Energy Building
Golden Medical Office Building
Greene Pavilion
Greenspan Pavilion
Gumenick Ambulatory Surgical Center
Knight MRI Center
Lowenstein Building
Simon Medical Office Building
Orovitz Emergency Building
Pearlman Research Facility
Warner Pavilion
Notable births
Laila Ali a former professional boxer, and daughter of world famous boxer Muhammad Ali, was born in Miami Heart Institute on December 30, 1977.
Notable deaths
Margaret Hayes a film, stage, and television actress from Baltimore died in the hospital.
Maurice Gibb a musician, singer and songwriter from Douglas, Isle of Man who was a member of the popular music group The Bee Gees, died at the hospital.
Michael Glyn Brown, a former hand surgeon from Houston involved in legal disputes, died at the hospital.
Vic Damone, a singer and actor, from New York City died at the hospital.
Zaha Hadid, an architect from Iraq, died at the hospital.
Rafael Consuegra, Cuban born American Sculptor, died at the hospital on September 17, 2021, at 80 years of age from a heart attack.
Nelson Eddy, an actor and baritone singer, died at the hospital in the early morning hours of March 6, 1967 after being stricken on stage with a cerebral hemorrhage while performing at the Sans Souci Hotel.
References
Miami Heart Institute site is slated to become Ritz-Carlton Residences Miami Beach. Martha Brannigan, Miami Herald on 17 October 2013. Retrieved on 28 October 2013.
External links
Hospital buildings completed in 1949
Hospitals in Florida
Buildings and structures in Miami Beach, Florida
Heart disease organizations
1946 establishments in Florida
Hospitals established in 1946
Jewish medical organizations
Jews and Judaism in Miami Beach, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Sinai%20Medical%20Center%20%28Miami%29 |
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (, DENR) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country’s environment and natural resources, specifically forest and grazing lands, mineral resources, including those in reservation and watershed areas, and lands of the public domain, as well as the licensing and regulation of all natural resources as may be provided for by law in order to ensure equitable sharing of the benefits derived therefrom for the welfare of the present and future generations of Filipinos.
History of the DENR
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources was first established on January 1, 1916, as the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR) through the enactment of Act No. 2666 by the Philippine Commission, otherwise known as "An Act to Re-organize the Executive Department of the Government of the Philippine Islands," on November 18, 1916. In 1932, the DANR was reorganized into the Department of Agriculture and Commerce (DAC).
In 1947, a reorganization act changed the DAC back to the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. The Natural Resources arm of the DANR was finally spun off on May 17, 1974, as the Ministry of Natural Resources. On January 30, 1987, the ministry was reorganized into the Department of Environment, Energy and Natural Resources, by Executive Order No. 131 and was finally reorganized into the Department of Environment and Natural Resources by Executive Order No. 192 on June 10, 1987. DENR worked on large-scale reforestation of Davao City under the national greening program (NGP), its flagship project that lasted for a period of six years, from 2011 to 2016.
List of the Secretaries of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Organizational Structure
The Department is currently headed by a Secretary with the following Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries:
Undersecretary for Strategic Communications/Chief of Staff, Office of the Secretary
Undersecretary for Legal Affairs and Administration
Undersecretary for Finance, Information System and Climate Change
Undersecretary for Policy, Planning and International Affairs
Undersecretary for Luzon and Visayas Environment Field Operations
Undersecretary for Mindanao Environment Field Operations
Undersecretary for Organizational Transformation and Human Resources
Undersecretary for Special Concerns and Legislative Affairs
Undersecretary for Integrated Environment Science
Assistant Secretary for Environment, Solid Waste Management and Local Government Unit Concerns
Assistant Secretary for Policy, Planning, and Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects
Assistant Secretary for Legal Affairs
Assistant Secretary for Finance, Information System and Mining Concerns
Assistant Secretary for International Affairs
Assistant Secretary for Eastern Mindanao Field Operations
Assistant Secretary for Human Resources, Strategic Communication and Sectoral Initiatives
Assistant Secretary for Luzon and Visayas Field Operations
Assistant Secretary for Western Mindanao Field Operations
Bureaus
Attached agencies
Laguna Lake Development Authority
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
National Water Resources Board
Natural Resources Development Corporation
Palawan Council for Sustainable Development
Philippine Mining Development Corporation
See also
Environmental issues in the Philippines
References
External links
Department of Environment and Natural Resources website
Environmental Legal Assistance Center, Inc. website
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
Philippines
Philippines
Philippines, Environment and Natural Resources
Environment and Natural Resources | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Environment%20and%20Natural%20Resources |
The Battle of Piraeus was fought in 403 BC between Athenian exiles who had defeated the government of the Thirty Tyrants and occupied Piraeus and a Spartan force sent to combat them. In the battle, the Spartans narrowly defeated the exiles, with both sides suffering appreciable casualties. After the battle, Pausanias arranged a settlement between the two parties which allowed the reestablishment of democratic government in Athens.
Prelude
In late 404 BC, a small force of Athenian exiles under the command of Thrasybulus entered Attica and seized the border strong point of Phyle. These exiles were seeking to dislodge the repressive oligarchic government of the Thirty Tyrants. In two battles, they defeated the forces of that government; after the second battle, the Thirty were deposed and replaced by a more moderate government, the Ten. These new rulers, although they ended the brutality that had marked the reign of the Thirty, were not ready to compromise with the exiles, who now held Piraeus, the port of Athens. Desultory skirmishing between the two sides continued during this stalemate, with the Athenian cavalry attacking foragers from Piraeus; meanwhile, the men in Piraeus began to make attacks on the walls of Athens.
Accordingly, both the Thirty at Eleusis and the Ten at Athens sent emissaries to Sparta, requesting assistance against the men in Piraeus. At this point, Spartan internal politics took a vital role in determining the future of Athens. Upon the arrival of the envoys, Lysander, who supported an aggressive foreign policy, and who had installed the Thirty in power in the first place, set out to Eleusis, where he began raising an army. After he left, however, the king Pausanias, who wished to pursue a more defensive foreign policy, succeeded in winning the support of three of the five ephors. He was dispatched at the head of an army to resolve the situation.
The battle
Upon Pausanias's arrival in Attica, he ordered the men in Piraeus to disperse; when they refused to do so, he drew his men up to attack them, but did not actually engage them. The next day, however, a party of Athenian light troops attacked the Spartans while they were reconnoitering near Piraeus. Pausanias dispatched his cavalry and his youngest infantrymen to attack them, while he with the rest of the infantry followed in support. In pursuit, the Spartan cavalry and advance infantry entered Piraeus, where they encountered a large body of light troops, and were driven back with losses. Thrasybulus then came out with his hoplite force to press the issue; the Spartan hoplites engaged them, and, after a time, defeated them, inflicting 150 casualties. The men from Piraeus returned to the city, while Pausanias and his men returned to their camp. The war was over.
Aftermath
After winning this victory, Pausanias, instead of pressing his advantage, sought to effect a reconciliation between the two Athenian parties. Accordingly, he persuaded both the men from Piraeus and the government in Athens to send emissaries to Sparta. These returned along with 15 officials empowered to work with Pausanias to negotiate a settlement to the issue. Pausanias then persuaded the Athenians to settle their disagreement on the terms of all being permitted to return to their homes except for the Thirty and their most prominent collaborators, while all who feared for their safety were free to remove to Eleusis. Democracy was reestablished, and all but the most egregious offenders were pardoned. Eleusis remained independent for a time, but, when it was revealed that the Thirty were gathering a mercenary army there, a preventive strike was launched and the town was reabsorbed into the Athenian state.
Notes
References
Buck, Robert J., Thrasybulus and the Athenian Democracy: the life of an Athenian statesman. (Franz Steiner Verlag, 1998)
Fine, John V.A. The Ancient Greeks: A critical history (Harvard University Press, 1983)
Hornblower, Simon, and Anthony Spawforth ed., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 2003)
403 BC
400s BC conflicts
Piraeus (403 BC)
Piraeus (403 BC)
Piraeus (403 BC)
History of Piraeus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Piraeus |
Paris K. C. Barclay (born June 30, 1956) is an American television director, producer, and writer. He is a two-time Emmy Award winner and is among the busiest single-camera television directors, having directed nearly 200 episodes of television to date, for series such as NYPD Blue, ER, The West Wing, CSI, Lost, The Shield, House, Sons of Anarchy, In Treatment and Glee; and more recently Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story, The Watcher, and American Horror Story: NYC. He also serves as an Executive Producer on many of the shows he directs, and occasionally as a writer or co-creator as well.
From 2013 to 2017, Barclay served two terms as the President of the Directors Guild of America.
With his ninth Emmy nomination for an episode of Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story in 2023, Barclay became the first Black director to be nominated by the Television Academy in every narrative dramatic category.
Early life
Barclay was born in Chicago Heights, Illinois. Raised Catholic, he attended La Lumiere School, a private college preparatory boarding school in La Porte, Indiana. On scholarship, he was one of the first African-Americans to attend the school.
Barclay went on to Harvard College, where he was extremely active in student musical theatre productions and the a cappella singing group The Harvard Krokodiloes. During his four years there, he wrote 16 musicals, including the music for two of the annual Hasty Pudding shows. Barclay attended both the La Lumiere School and Harvard with John Roberts, now the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His Harvard roommate was novelist Arthur Golden, author of Memoirs of a Geisha.
Music video career
Following his graduation from Harvard, Barclay worked as a copywriter and creative supervisor at Grey, BBDO, Cunningham & Walsh, and Marsteller. Barclay then moved into music video directing and production through his own company, Black & White Television. He directed music videos for Bob Dylan ("It's Unbelievable"), the New Kids On The Block ("Games"), Janet Jackson and Luther Vandross ("The Best Things in Life Are Free"). Most notably, he created eight videos for LL Cool J, including "Mama Said Knock You Out", which won awards from both MTV and Billboard—and went on to be listed by The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the 500 songs that shaped rock and roll. In 2013, Complex Magazine ranked "Mama Said Knock You Out" as one of the top 50 rap videos of the 1990s, crediting it with creating "one of the most crucial links in establishing the cultural bridge between boxing and rap." Barclay was often hired to direct videos for films, introducing audiences to House Party (1990), White Men Can't Jump (1992), Mo' Money (1992), Posse (1993), and Cool Runnings (1993), among others.
In 2012, Barclay directed his first music video in 16 years, working once again with LL Cool J and R&B star Joe on the video for "Take It".
Also drawing on his music video experience was Barclay's episode ("The Coup") of the Steven Spielberg-produced NBC series Smash, in which TV Fanatic said that the Barclay-directed number for the original song "Touch Me" (written by OneRepublic's Ryan Tedder) "pushed the boundaries from traditional Broadway show to music video level."
Film and television career
1990s
Barclay began his successful career in television with an unaired episode of Angel Street in 1992. He was hired by John Wells, who was making his debut as an executive producer.
Barclay directed Shawn and Marlon Wayans' first feature film, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood (1996) – also featuring Keenen Ivory Wayans, Vivica Fox, and Bernie Mac. Although it received mixed reviews, it was a box office success and has built a cult following since its release. Barclay also directed the HBO movie, The Cherokee Kid (1996), a Western dramedy starring Sinbad, James Coburn, Burt Reynolds, Gregory Hines, and A Martinez.
After directing episodes of ER, Barclay directed and eventually became a producer of NYPD Blue. In three years there, Barclay would receive two Emmy Awards for best directing—the second of which was for the episode titled "Hearts and Souls"— featuring the death of Jimmy Smits' character Bobby Simone. The episode has been ranked one of TV Guides 100 Best Episodes of All Time. Barclay reteamed with Smits again in his role as "Nero Padilla" on Sons of Anarchy.
2000s
In 2000, Barclay joined forces with fellow NYPD Blue producers Steven Bochco and Nicholas Wootton to create City of Angels, a medical drama with a predominantly African-American cast including Blair Underwood, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Maya Rudolph, and Vivica Fox. The show aired on CBS for two seasons while winning two NAACP awards.
In 2002 he returned to the John Wells fold to produce and direct the pilot, The Big Time, featuring Christina Hendricks, Dylan Baker, Molly Ringwald and Christopher Lloyd—which eventually aired as a two-hour movie. In the years that followed, Barclay worked on a wide variety of television dramas and comedies. He served as co-executive producer and producing director of the series Cold Case, for which he has also directed nine episodes. Other shows he directed in the decade include The West Wing, Huff, Law & Order, Numb3rs, Lost, House, The Shield, Weeds, Monk,The Good Wife, NCIS: Los Angeles, Sons of Anarchy, CSI, The Mentalist and 9 episodes of Glee.
2008 marked Barclay's return to HBO, where he executive produced three seasons of In Treatment, as well as directed 36 episodes. The series garnered a Golden Globes nomination for Best Drama Series in 2009 and series lead Gabriel Byrne won the Golden Globe for Best Television Actor in a Drama Series that same year. In 2008, the series won 2 Emmys for Glynn Turman for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series and Dianne Wiest won for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
Also in 2008, Barclay collaborated with screenwriter Dustin Lance Black to write the MTV film Pedro, the story of Pedro Zamora from The Real World: San Francisco. The film, directed by Nick Oceano, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and earned the writers WGA, the Humanitas Prize, and GLAAD Media Awards nominations.
2010–2020
In 2011, Barclay became the executive producer and primary director for the fourth season of FX's Sons of Anarchy, a role he continued through the seventh and final season.
Also in 2013, Barclay directed two episodes of Glee, "Diva" and "Lights Out". For his work on "Diva", Barclay was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Direction in a Comedy Series, his second Emmy nomination for Glee.
In 2014, Barclay directed the season premiere and penultimate episodes of Sons of Anarchy for the fourth year running. In addition to his Sons of Anarchy duties, Barclay also directed the milestone episode "100" for Glee, for which he received another Emmy nomination, in addition to episodes of The Good Wife, Extant, executive produced by Steven Spielberg and starring Halle Berry, and Manhattan, a Tommy Schlamme/Sam Shaw period drama for WGN America; and Glee's emotional flashback episode "2009" – the first half of the series finale.
In 2015, Barclay continued his role as Executive Producer/Director on FX's The Bastard Executioner, created by Kurt Sutter. The show starred Katey Sagal, Stephen Moyer, and Matthew Rhys. At the end of the year, he was enlisted by FOX to direct an episode of Empire, the Television Critics Association program of the year.
In 2016, Barclay joined the Shondaland family by directing an episode of ABC's critically acclaimed show, Scandal, created/produced by Shonda Rhimes, starring Kerry Washington.
In fall 2016, he completed the first season of FOX's Pitch, from writer/creators Dan Fogelman and Rick Singer, starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar, Ali Larter, Mark Consuelos, Dan Lauria and Kylie Bunbury in the title role.
In 2017, Barclay directed the pilot and executive produced another Shondaland project, Station 19, which follows a group of Seattle firefighters in a spinoff of the highly successful Grey's Anatomy. The show is ABC's second highest rated drama, and is currently airing its sixth season on ABC.
In early 2019, Barclay teamed up with the Human Rights Campaign and fellow award winner Dustin Lance Black to produce and direct a star-studded Americans for the Equality Act public awareness and advertising campaign. The series, which launched on March 25, 2019, with a debut video featuring Academy Award-winning actress Sally Field and her son Sam Greisman, features prominent figures in entertainment, sports and beyond speaking about the need for the Equality Act — a crucial civil rights bill that would extend clear, comprehensive non-discrimination protections to millions of LGBTQ people nationwide. The powerhouse lineup of supportive film and television actors, influencers, musicians and professional athletes, includes Adam Rippon, Shea Diamond, Alexandra Billings, Blossom Brown, Justina Machado, Gloria Calderon Kellett, Jamie Lee Curtis, Jane Lynch, Jesse Tyler Ferguson and Justin Mikita, Charlie and Max Carver, Karamo Brown, Marcia Gay Harden, and Nyle DiMarco. The Americans for the Equality Act series is modeled after HRC's successful Americans for Marriage Equality campaign and was awarded at the 4th Annual Shorty Social Good awards, and helped lead to the passage of the act in the House of Representatives.
2021-Present
In May 2021, Barclay directed a virtual reading of Larry Kramer's The Normal Heart, with Sterling K. Brown, Laverne Cox, Jeremy Pope and Guillermo Diaz.
Also in 2021, after executive producing and directing 14 episodes of Station 19, Barclay directed two episodes each on the Ryan Murphy Netflix series Dahmer-Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story (with Evan Peters, Richard Jenkins, and Niecy Nash). The series surpassed 1 billion hours viewed on Netflix, only the third title in Netflix history to cross the 1 billion hour viewing mark within 60 days.
Despite controversies surrounding Dahmer, Barclay’s work on Episode 6, “Silenced,” received wide praise. Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Directed with more empathy than voyeurism by Paris Barclay, ‘Silenced' tells the story of Tony Hughes (excellent newcomer Rodney Burnford [sic]), presented here as perhaps the only victim with whom Jeffrey had traces of a real relationship. It’s easily the best episode of the series, an uncomfortably sweet and sad hour of TV that probably should have been the template for the entire show. Tony was deaf and, in placing a Black, deaf, gay character at the center of the narrative, the series is giving voice to somebody whose voice has too frequently been excluded from gawking serial killer portraits.”
Kayla Cobb said in her review of “Silenced" for The Decider, “It’s not just the strongest episode of the entire series; it’s one of the most heart-wrenching episodes of the year.” For this episode, Barclay received a 2023 Best Directing for a Limited or Anthology Series or TV Movie Emmy Nomination. Barclay’s work on the series finale, “God of Forgiveness, God of Vengeance,” was also nominated by the Hollywood Critics Association.
After Dahmer, Paris reteamed with Ryan Murphy to executive produce and direct 2 episodes of the Netflix series The Watcher, (with Naomi Watts, Bobby Cannavale, Margo Martindale and Mia Farrow). The series was a hit, ranking as the #1 most watched show on Netflix the week of its debut.
Currently, he is directing two episodes of a new Ryan Murphy series American Sports Story: Gladiator, set to air on FX/HULU . He’s also in post-production on a feature documentary about the life of iconic keyboard and recording artist Billy Preston, due in 2024.
Directors Guild of America
In June 2013, Barclay was elected President of the Directors Guild of America, the first African-American and first openly gay President in the history of the Guild. After the vote, Barclay expressed gratitude for the honor and admiration for the Union's history, saying "I am profoundly honored to be elected President of the DGA.... The DGA has worked for more than three-quarters of a century to advance the creative and economic rights of directors and their teams and I look forward to continuing this strong tradition of service. As the son of a glass blower and a tile maker from Chicago, I am extremely humbled to have the honor to serve in the footsteps of the legendary leaders of the DGA like Frank Capra, Robert Wise and Gil Cates." Barclay was nominated for the Presidency by past-President Michael Apted, who said of him, "Paris' qualifications for DGA president are exceptional.... His understanding of the issues facing directors and their teams is outstanding and his ability to resolve problems and create solutions is beyond compare." His nomination was seconded by Steven Soderbergh, who said of Barclay, "This is a great moment for our Guild; Paris will be a phenomenal leader as we move into the future." Barclay was enthusiastically re-elected in June 2015.
Before being elected DGA President, Barclay served four terms as First Vice President of the DGA, where he was the first African-American Officer in the history of the guild. While serving as First Vice President, Barclay was also chair of the DGA's Political Action Committee, whose mission it is to promote the interests of DGA members to state and federal lawmakers. Their top issues include battling online copyright threats and promoting production tax incentives. He also served on the Western Directors Council and co-chaired the Diversity Task Force, whose mission is to encourage the hiring of women and minority directors to networks and studios. In addition, Barclay served as a board member of the DGA-affiliated Franco-American Cultural Fund, which promotes cultural exchange between French and American directors.
Barclay completed his second term as DGA president in June 2017. He was succeeded by Thomas Schlamme, whom he worked with on The West Wing and Manhattan, as well as on the DGA board.
Barclay's work for the DGA continues even after his presidency: he helped create and teaches the Guild's First Time Director Orientation., and in the successful 2020 contract negotiations Barclay co-chaired the Television Creative Rights Committee. He also serves as the co-Chair of the DGA's Return to Work Committee, which created the protocols that brought the industry back to work after the COVID shutdown. In 2021, he was elected the Guild's Secretary/Treasurer.
In 2021, he was named an Honorary Life Member of the DGA, one of the guild's highest honors, recognizing his career achievements and leadership in the industry. His acceptance speech earned praise for its focus on his hopes for his two sons.
He currently serves as the Guild’s Secretary/Treasurer.
Reputation in the entertainment industry
During his three decades as a director, Barclay has developed a strong reputation as a go-to director capable of working adeptly in multiple genres - described in a June 2011 article in Variety as a "highly adaptive force with the ability to control both TV detectives and scene-stealing gleesters". The same article ranked Barclay among the "Ten TV Directors Who Leave Their Mark." and another called him “one of the most reputable TV directors in Hollywood.”
Sons of Anarchy creator Kurt Sutter stated in an interview with The Star-Ledger that it wasn't until Barclay came on board to direct that the show found its "groove", observing: "We had all those glitches in those first two or three episodes [...] We had (Paris) come in [...] and we all just started trusting what we were doing here." Later in an interview for Variety, Kurt stated "The great thing about (exec producer Paris Barclay) is that he's a writer and he's also a director [...] so he can get the scripts and understand the production realities of it but also understand creatively what the need for everything is."
In an interview with TV Fanatic, Glee actor Blake Jenner credited Barclay for guiding him through a difficult scene in the episode "Lights Out", saying "He was just so nurturing."
In a piece for Vulture, television critic Matt Zoller Seitz cites Barclay as one of the few producer/directors who can "manage and drive the medium [of television]" as well as a writer-showrunner can. Seitz explains, "Directors tend to think in terms of images and moments; those skill sets aren't often compatible with the left-brain requirements of managing a sitcom or drama (though there are always exceptions; see veteran TV director Paris Barclay's executive-producer credit on FX's stylishly nasty biker drama, Sons of Anarchy)."
Ryan Murphy, creator of the Fox hit Glee, called Barclay's episode "Wheels" a "turning point for the show".
Over time, many of Barclay's former assistants have gone on to great Hollywood success in their own right. One of his first assistants was Kevin Williamson, writer of Scream and I Know What You Did Last Summer, and the creator and Executive Producer of the hit television shows Dawson’s Creek, The Vampire Diaries, and The Following. Josh Barry, another former Barclay assistant, was the head of the television department at Prospect Park after working as an executive in Drama Development at ABC. He was recently tapped to be the President of Shawn Levy's 21 Laps Television as part of a major deal with Netflix. Sam Martin, the former HBO executive (Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Lackwanna Blues) and film producer (Pariah) and Jason Clodfelter, former VP of Drama Development, and now Co-President at Sony Television, both previously served as Barclay assistants.
Awards
Along with winning two Emmy Awards for NYPD Blue (Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series - "Lost Israel Part II" and "Hearts and Souls"), Barclay has garnered another seven Emmy nominations: two for producing NYPD Blue (Outstanding Drama Series), one for directing The West Wing (Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series - "Indians In The Lobby"), and three for directing Glee (Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series - "Wheels", "Diva" and "100"),and most recently Dahmer-Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story (Best Directing for a Limited or Anthology Series or TV Movie- “Silenced”).
He has also received a Directors Guild of America Award for NYPD Blue and 10 other DGA Award nominations for The West Wing (3), In Treatment (2), NYPD Blue (2), ER, House, and Glee.
Barclay received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Drama Series as co-creator, writer, and director of the groundbreaking medical drama City of Angels, another Image Award for directing Cold Case, and a third Image Award for directing Smash. On February 22, 2014, the NAACP honored Barclay by inducting him into the NAACP Hall of Fame. The Hall of Fame Award is bestowed on an individual who is a pioneer in his or her respective field and whose influence will shape the profession for generations to come. Other recipients have included Lena Horne, Paul Robeson, Sidney Poitier, Bill Cosby and Oprah Winfrey.
Also a writer, Barclay received his first WGA Award nomination for co-writing Pedro with screenwriter Dustin Lance Black, marking the Oscar-winner's first WGA credit. The moving story of The Real World's Pedro Zamora garnered the team nominations for a GLAAD Media Award and Humanitas Prize.
Episodes directed by Barclay for Glee and In Treatment have become the recipients of the prestigious Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting. The Glee episode "Wheels" was also acknowledged at the 2010 Shane's Inspiration Gala, receiving the Visionary Leadership Award for shining a light on the abilities of those with disabilities.
The Glee episode, "Wheels" and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode, "Coup de Grace" were both chosen for the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' Television Academy Honor, saluting "Television with a Conscience," in which the Academy recognizes achievements in programming that present issues of concern to society in "a compelling, emotional, and insightful way." Barclay also accepted the Voice Award from the US Department of Health and Human Services on behalf of In Treatment, for "incorporating dignified, respectful, and accurate portrayals of people with mental illnesses."
In June 2011, Advertising Age featured Barclay on the cover as one of 2011's 50 Most Creative People, saying "Mr. Barclay brings an innate cultural awareness to shows." TV Guide also recognized his House episode, "Three Stories", as one of the 100 Best Episodes of All Time.
In April 2017, Barclay was awarded the Order of the Golden Sphinx by the acclaimed Hasty Pudding Institute of Harvard University – it is the highest honor bestowed by the Institute and recognizes individuals in the entertainment industry for their extraordinary contributions to the performing arts. The recipient represents the Institute's mission to support and foster performing arts within its membership, at Harvard, and around the world.
In addition to his honors in television, Barclay has been awarded the Founder's Award from Project Angel Food in 1998, the GLAAD Stephen F. Kolzak Award in 2001, to honor his outstanding representation of the LGBT community, and in 2004 the Pan-African Film Festival Pioneer Award. In 2009 Barclay was named by POWER UP as one of the Top Ten Gay Men in Entertainment; 2010 he received the Bridge Award from the Cornerstone Theater in Los Angeles for over 20 years of contributing to the theater. Barclay received the 2012 Upton Sinclair Award from the non-profit Liberty Hill for "unwavering idealism and vision.". Also in 2012, he and husband Christopher Barclay were awarded with the Family Values Award from In the Life Media, given to "individuals whose representation of LGBT families serve as an inspiration for all Americans. More recently, he's been awarded the Artistic Excellence Award from the Aviva Family & Children Services Program, the Visibility Award from the Human Rights Campaign, as well as the Legacy Award from the African-American Film Critics Association.
Work in musical theater
In the theater, Barclay presented his original musical On Hold With Music at Manhattan Theater Club in 1984, with a cast including Jason Alexander, Terry Burrell, John Dossett, Ray Gill, and Maureen Brennan. Based on his life in advertising, Barclay wrote and composed the sung through musical in its entirety.
In 1985, he wrote the book, music and lyrics for another musical drama entitled Almos' a Man, based on a short story by Richard Wright – which had been developed in the second year of the ASCAP Musical Theater Workshop in New York, under the tutelage of Charles Strouse and Stephen Sondheim. It was produced that year at Soho Rep, receiving a mixed review from the New York Times’ Mel Gussow.
After years of directing, Barclay returned to composing in September 2001 with the premiere of a musical based on the collection of letters Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam. Called Letters from ‘Nam, the play featured Grammy winner Maureen McGovern, future Tony winner Levi Kreis, and David Burnham. Praised by most reviewers and opening days before the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Vietnam musical hit home emotionally with those who performed in it, produced it, or experienced it.
In 2003, Barclay wrote songs for and co-directed Order My Steps for the Cornerstone Theater Company. The musical play, with book by Tracey Scott Wilson, dealt with the African-American church's response to the AIDS epidemic. The Los Angeles Times call a "moving tale about the human toll of AIDS."
Barclay returned to Vietnam with One Red Flower: Letters from ‘Nam, a reworked version of the musical was produced at the Village Theater in Issaquah to further acclaim, with Levi Kreis and David Burnham reprising their roles. Other productions followed, with the most significant being Eric Schaeffer's "gritty and emotional" staging at the Signature Theatre in Arlington, Virginia in 2004.
In 2008, Barclay presented a reading of One Red Flower in Los Angeles to benefit New Directions, an organization that supports veterans of all wars. Maureen McGovern, Levi Kreis and David Burnham returned in featured roles, with television stars Hunter Parrish and Josh Henderson. Although it was not a full production, again it received glowing reviews, described by Beverly Cohn in the Santa Monica Mirror as an "evening that had the audience smiling with a lump in its throat."
Barclay is currently working with Brian Yorkey (Next to Normal) to develop One Red Flower as a television movie, now entitled Letters From ‘Nam.
Personal life
Openly gay since late in his college days, he was a regular contributor to The Advocate for several years. Barclay married food-industry executive Christopher Barclay (né Mason), his partner of 10 years, in 2008. They have 2 children.
Filmography
Directed episodes of (arranged in order from most episodes directed to least):
In Treatment (36 episodes; also executive producer; Golden Globe nomination, 2 DGA nominations, and NAACP Image Award nomination)
Sons of Anarchy (15 episodes, one NAACP Image Award nomination, also executive producer)
Station 19 (14 episodes; also executive producer)
NYPD Blue (12 episodes; 2 Emmy Awards; also supervising producer)
Cold Case (9 episodes; also co-executive producer; NAACP Image Award)
Glee (9 episodes, 3 Emmy nominations, 2 DGA nominations)
The Bastard Executioner (4 episodes; also executive producer)
City of Angels (4 episodes; NAACP Image Award for best drama series; also co-executive producer and co-creator)
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (4 episodes; 2 NAACP Image Award nominations)
Pitch (4 episodes, NAACP Image Award nomination, also executive producer)
The Shield (3 episodes; NAACP Image Award nomination)
The West Wing (3 episodes; Emmy nomination, 3 DGA nominations)
ER (3 episodes; DGA nomination)
Sliders (3 episodes)
The Watcher (2 episodes)
Dahmer – Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story (2 episodes)
American Horror Story: NYC (2 episodes)
The Good Wife (2 episodes)
Angel Street (2 episodes)
Second Noah (2 episodes)
Clueless (2 episodes)
Monk (2 episodes)
NCIS: Los Angeles (2 episodes)
Dirt (2 episodes)
Fastlane (2 episodes)
Empire
Scandal
How to Get Away with Murder
Diagnosis: Murder
Brooklyn South
American Dreams
Huff
Lost
NUMB3RS
House MD (DGA nomination)
Weeds (DGA nomination)
The Mentalist
Miami Medical
The New Normal
Last Resort
The Chicago Code
Law & Order
Silk Stalkings
Moon Over Miami
Rebel (ABC)
Television pilots:
Station 19, for ABC
Perfect Citizen, for CBS
Pitch, for FOX
The Bastard Executioner, for FX
The Street Lawyer, based on the novel by John Grisham for ABC
Dead Lawyers starring F. Murray Abraham for SyFy
City of Angels with Blair Underwood and Viola Davis for CBS
Hate starring Marcia Gay Harden for Showtime
The Chang Family Saves the World written by John Ridley for ABC
Big Mike starring Greg Grunberg for A&E
Television movies:
The Cherokee Kid (HBO)
The Big Time (TNT)
Feature Film:
Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood (Miramax)
References
External links
1956 births
21st-century African-American writers
20th-century African-American people
African-American film directors
African-American television directors
American music video directors
American television directors
Comedy film directors
American gay writers
Television producers from Illinois
African-American television writers
American male television writers
Film directors from Indiana
Harvard College alumni
La Lumiere School alumni
African-American LGBT people
LGBT people from Illinois
LGBT television directors
Living people
Businesspeople from Chicago
Presidents of the Directors Guild of America
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Directors Guild of America Award winners
Hasty Pudding alumni
Screenwriters from Illinois
People from Chicago Heights, Illinois
African-American Catholics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris%20Barclay |
California City Municipal Airport is located in the city of California City, in the Fremont Valley of Kern County, California.
Facilities
The airport covers ; its one runway, 6/24, is asphalt.
See also
List of airports in Kern County, California
References
External links
Airports in Kern County, California
California City, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20City%20Municipal%20Airport |
A wide variety of river and stream channel types exist in limnology, the study of inland waters. All these can be divided into two groups by using the water-flow gradient as either low gradient channels for streams or rivers with less than two percent (2%) flow gradient, or high gradient channels for those with greater than a 2% gradient.
Low gradient channels
Low gradient channels of rivers and streams can be divided into braided rivers, wandering rivers, single thread sinuous rivers (meandering), and anastomosing rivers. The channel type developed depends on stream gradient, riparian vegetation and sediment supply. Braided rivers tend to occur on steeper gradients where there is a large supply of sediment for braid bars, while single thread sinuous channels occur where there is a lower sediment supply for point bars. Anastomosing channels are multithreaded, but are much more stable than braided channels and commonly have thick clay and silt banks and occur at lower gradients of stream bed. Wandering rivers fall between sinuous single thread and braided streams and are relatively stable multi-channel gravel bed rivers.
High gradient channels
High gradient channels of rivers and streams have been divided into riffle-pool (which can cover all of the low gradient channel morphologies discussed above), rapid/plane bed, step-pool and cascade unit morphologies.
Riffle-pool sequence channels are composed of migrating pools and transverse bars called riffles and occur on gradients less than 1-2 percent.
Rapids (also called plane bed, but not to be confused with the plane beds described in sand bed rivers) lack distinct pools and bars but commonly have stone cells or clusters and occur on gradients in the range of 1-5 percent, and have "whitewater".
Step-pools are composed of channel-spanning pools and boulder/cobble steps that cause subcritical flow in the pool and supercritical flow over the steps. They occur in gradients in the range of 5 and 20%.
Cascade units exist at steeper gradients (approx > 10–15 percent) where the channel is dominated by boulders and cobbles and channel spanning pools do not exist. Pocket pools are common. In all four channel types large woody debris may strongly influence the channel type.
See also
Relief ratio
Stream gradient
Stream restoration
Riparian zone restoration
Vladimir Lokhtin
References and further reading
See Church (1992) for more details on low gradient streams and Grant et al. (1990) and Buffington and Montgomery (1997) for more details regarding high gradient streams.
Buffington, J. M., and D. R. Montgomery (1997), A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers, Water Resources Research, 33, 1993-2029.
Church, M. (1992), Channel morphology and topology, in The River Handbook, edited by P. Calow and G. E. Petts, pp. 126–143, Blackwell.
Grant, G. E., F. J. Swanson, and M. G. Wolman (1990), Pattern and origin of stepped-bed morphology in high gradient streams, western Cascades, Oregon, Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 102, 340-352.
Rivers
Water streams
Limnology
Geomorphology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20types |
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tomo Matsumoto. It was serialized in Hakusensha's manga magazine LaLa from 2002 to 2004, with its chapters collected into five volumes. Beauty is the Beast is licensed in English by Viz Media's Shojo Beat imprint.
Characters
A bubbly, young 11th-grader that moves into the school dormitory. Loves to give nicknames, such as Wanichin (Wanibuchi). She is quite dense to many situations (especially to expressions of love from Satoshi). At the end of the manga we see a girl who looks very much like Eimi say that her parents met at the school and fell in love there.
Eimi's roommate. Loves the female body, and even has a poster plastered on her wall, with dancing ladies. She later became a receptionist.
A girl who lives in the dorms, and is friends with Eimi. Considered a "ladies' woman" because of her boyish looks, but she is oblivious to it. Later she becomes a quite successful architect. She is drawn to cute things, especially cute underwear.
One of Eimi's friends that lives in the men's dorm. People think of him as a dangerous person at first glance, but he has a deeper side to him. For eight years he lived with his grandfather in Mexico. Wanibuchi harbours a deep hatred for his father. In order to cover up his own guilt of his younger sister's death, Wanibuchi blames his father's negligence. He later marries Eimi and they have a daughter. He also works as a hotel manager. Wanibuchi is known for his ability for fixing electrical and sewage materials. Wanibuchi's daughter has the appearance of Eimi but her personality is similar to his.
A guy from the boy's dormitory who falls in love with Eimi in volume 3. He is often jealous of Wanibuchi because Eimi is very affectionate towards him. Nicknamed "Simone" by Eimi. He is quite serious with everything he does rather with his studies or Eimi. He later joins a newspaper company after graduating from Tokyo University.
The roommate of Wanibuchi, Inui is pretty laid back. Suzu likes him, but it's not positive whether he likes her back or not. He entered biological research school after graduation, nicknamed Nuinui by Eimi.
Publication
Beauty is the Beast premiered in the July 2002 issue of Hakusensha's manga magazine LaLa on May 24, 2002. Its final chapter was published in the magazine's February 2005 issue on December 24, 2004. The series was collected into five volumes published by Hakusensha's Hana to Yume Comics imprint. It is licensed in English by Viz Media's Shojo Beat imprint.
Volumes list
Japanese
released on January 6, 2003
released on August 4, 2003
released on March 5, 2004
released on November 5, 2004
released on March 5, 2005
English
released on November 6, 2005
released on February 6, 2006
released on May 2, 2006
released on August 1, 2006
released on November 7, 2006
Reception
Paul Dale Roberts from Manga Life said Beauty is the Beast is "a story that women and girls should enjoy", but he found himself "getting sleepy in some parts of the story". Julie Rosato from Mania Entertainment commented that the artwork "is pretty typical for shoujo works, with nothing particularly outstanding about it." Rosato compared the series with Here is Greenwood, but "while it shares with Greenwood plenty of quirky characters and a quiet, nearly sneaky wit, it so far lacks the same charm." She also can't "quite tell if the focus of this story is supposed to be on the various (and sometimes romantic) adventures of the wacky dorm-mates or if it will be on the painfully clumsy love developing between Eimi and Wanibuchi."
Writing for IGN, Jessica Chobot noted that "although [it is] focused primarily on the relationship between Eimi and Wanibuchi, Beauty is the Beast is a collection of off-kilter love stories, bringing to light all the adventures amongst the students at Seikei Academy in a lighthearted and charming manner." Chobot praised the artwork, "although the lack of solid blacks and overuse of similar toned grays cause the illustrations to look floaty and not solid. However, emotions are well-conveyed through the use of line work." In 2005, Beauty is the Beast was listed by IGN as the tenth best manga released in English.
References
External links
Beauty is the Beast on the Shojo Beat website (defunct; link via the Wayback Machine)
2002 manga
Hakusensha manga
Romance anime and manga
Shōjo manga
Viz Media manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty%20is%20the%20Beast |
Jennifer Pertsch is a Canadian writer, producer, and one of the founding partners of Fresh TV, a Toronto-based production studio specializing in teen and family oriented television projects. She began her career as a writer for Nelvana Ltd., before moving to Fresh TV. She co-created and executive produced 6teen, Stoked, Total Drama Island, Total Drama Action, Total Drama World Tour.
Awards
In 2007, 6teen was awarded the Alliance for Children and Television's "Award of Excellence, Animation" for programming for children, ages 9–14. She has received an Emmy Award nomination for her writing on the award-winning series Rolie Polie Olie, and a Gemini Award nomination for best animated program or series for Total Drama Island.
References
External links
Fresh TV Inc.'s homepage
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian television writers
Canadian television producers
Canadian women television producers
Canadian women television writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer%20Pertsch |
Milan ( ) is an unincorporated community in Spokane County, Washington, United States. It is named after the Italian city of Milan.
Geography
Milan is a rural community located along the Burlington Northern Railroad in northern Spokane County. The Little Spokane River flows through flows through the community. U.S. Route 2 runs north-south about a mile and a half west of Milan. Nearby communities include Elk, 5 miles upstream from Milan, and Deer Park, 7 miles to the west. Spokane, the region's largest city, is 23 miles to the south along U.S. Route 2.
The community is located in a thin but deep valley that rises from 1,800 feet along the Little Spokane River up to 2,638 feet at the summit of Milan Hill just southeast of the town site. The foothills and mountains in the Milan area are part of the Selkirk Mountains.
Milan is served by the Riverside School District. The schools are located just outside of town at the intersection of U.S. Route 2 and Deer Park-Milan Road.
History
In 1900, Milan was an important shipping point on the Great Northern Railway. There were two sawmills in the community, and two more within a couple of miles, which supplied lumber to the city of Spokane. James Conalton was Milan's postmaster and storekeeper at the time.
Today Milan is a residential community with a few dozen buildings. At the intersection of U.S. Route 2 and Deer Park-Milan road, about a mile and a half from the original community, are commercial and public buildings including restaurants, a market and schools that serve the broader area.
References
Unincorporated communities in Spokane County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan%2C%20Washington |
Kadina ( ) is a town on the Yorke Peninsula of the Australian state of South Australia, approximately 144 kilometres north-northwest of the state capital of Adelaide. The largest town of the Peninsula, Kadina is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famous for their shared copper mining history. The three towns are known as "Little Cornwall" for the significant number of immigrants from Cornwall who worked at the mines in the late 19th century.
Kadina's surrounds form an important agricultural base for the region, and are used for growing cereal crops. Kadina used to be a mining town but now the majority of Kadina's land is used for farming.
Description
Kadina is about north-east of Moonta and east of the port town of Wallaroo. There are 6 suburbs making up Kadina's township, each being a distinct historic locality or hamlet. These are: Jericho, Jerusalem, Matta Flat, New Town and Wallaroo Mines as well as central Kadina itself. Kadina East was previously a gazetted suburb east of Kadina's centre, later merged into Kadina itself.
History
Aboriginal
The Narungga are the group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands include what is now termed Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. The name "Kadina" is thought to be derived from Kadiyinya, a Narungga word meaning 'Lizard Plain'.
European
Copper was discovered at Wallaroo Mines in 1859 and adjacent land north east of the site was surveyed in 1861 to house miners and became the Government Town of Kadina. Exceptional amounts of copper were found in the following years. Copper was also found in large amounts at the nearby Matta Mine and Doora Mine. The copper mines attracted many highly experienced Cornish miners to Kadina.
In 1862, the Hundred of Wallaroo and Hundred of Kadina were proclaimed in order to allow parcels of land to be sold in the vicinity of the copper mines. In the same year a horse-drawn railway from Kadina to the port at Wallaroo, west of the town, was opened. Further lines connecting Kadina to Port Wakefield, to the southeast, and Bute, to the northeast (Kadina-Brinkworth railway line), opened in 1878 and 1879, respectively.
In 1872 Kadina became a municipality by establishment of the Corporate Town of Kadina. By 1875, the population had increased to 20,000, mostly composed of Cornish miners. In 1907 the adjacent Government Town of Kadina East was surveyed west of Eliza Terrace to cope with the need to house the growing population of the town.
Mining at Kadina ceased completely in 1938, and the rail lines fell into disuse and were closed in 1989.
Heritage listings
Kadina has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Drain Road: Kadina Cemetery
36-38 Taylor Street: Humphries Barber Shop
51 Taylor Street: Kadina Town Hall
Geography and climate
Kadina exists in a semi-arid location, above Goyder's Line, and is surrounded by mallee scrub. It is located inland and above sea level.
Kadina experiences a cold-semi arid climate, bordering on a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk/Csa), Trewartha: BSal/Csal); with warm to hot, dry summers; mild to warm, relatively dry springs and autumns; and mild, relatively dry winters.
Due to its location, the seasonal temperature variations are more extreme than Adelaide's. The average January temperature is and the average July temperature is . Average rainfall of Kadina is . The weather patterns are similar to those of Adelaide.
Governance
Kadina is located within the local government area of the Copper Coast Council, which was formed in 1997. The Copper Coast Council replaced the District Council of Kadina, which existed from 1888 to 1984, and the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula. The Corporate Town of Kadina, which had existed since 1872, was previously merged into the District Council of Kadina in 1977.
Kadina is part of the federal division of Grey and lies within the state electoral district of Narungga.
Local economy
Mining
Kadina was once chiefly a copper mining town with the Wallaroo Mines being south-westerly adjacent to the township. Since the closure of the mine in the 1920s, agriculture has been the dominant local industry.
Broadacre cropping
Kadina is surrounded by lands used for broadacre cereal cropping. Staples such as barley, wheat as well as various oilseeds and legumes like canola, chickpeas and field peas are commonly grown in the area. Barley and wheat from the region is considered to be some of the best in the world.
Tourism
The town today consists of important historical colonial and federation buildings gathered around Victoria Square. Kadina also contains the Farm Shed Museum & Tourism Centre (Kadina Heritage Museum) and remnants of the Wallaroo Mines. Kernewek Lowender, a Cornish festival, is held every odd year in May in Kadina (as well as Moonta and Wallaroo, with each location hosting the festival for one day). Kadina and its surrounds benefit generally from the tourism throughout the Copper Triangle and has experienced general growth due throughout the 2000s and 2010s due to the Copper Cove housing development at Wallaroo.
Media
The town serves as the base for local radio station Gulf FM, broadcasting at 89.3 FM. The Yorke Peninsula Country Times newspaper is based in Kadina.
Notable people
Oliver Badman (1885–1977), politician
Richard Champion (b. 1968), former AFL footballer
Lynton Crosby (b.1957), political strategist
John Olsen (b. 1945), former South Australian Premier and South Australian Federal Senator
Rex Pearson (1905–1961), politician
Steve Prestwich (1954–2011), musician
Cameron Sutcliffe (b.1992), AFL Footballer
Horace Wilson (1864–1923), cricketer
Leslie Heath (1902–1957), politician
Gallery
See also
Wallaroo, South Australia
Moonta, South Australia
Cornish emigration
Kernewek Lowender
References
External links
Yorke Peninsula website
Yorke Peninsula: Kadina
Copper Coast Council: Kadina
Cornish-Australian culture
Mining towns in South Australia
1861 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadina%2C%20South%20Australia |
Moonta is a town on the Yorke Peninsula of South Australia, north-northwest of the state capital of Adelaide. It is one of three towns known as the Copper Coast or "Little Cornwall" for their shared copper mining history.
Description
The town's centre is about south west of Kadina, site of Wallaroo Mines, and south of the port of Wallaroo. There are 11 suburbs surrounding central Moonta, each being a distinct historic locality or hamlet. These are: Cross Roads, East Moonta, Hamley, Kooroona, Moonta Bay, Moonta Mines, North Moonta, North Yelta, Paramatta, Port Hughes and Yelta.
At the 2011 census, the Moonta township and the adjacent suburbs of Cross Roads and Yelta had a combined population of 681. The broader Moonta urban centre, also including Moonta Bay, North Moonta and Port Hughes, had a population of 3,659.
By 2016, the area had grown to a population of 4,700, and by 2021 the population had grown further to 5,219, making it the fastest growing area on the Copper Coast.
History
Aboriginal
The Moonta area is part of the traditional lands of the indigenous Narungga people. The name "Moonta" is reportedly derived from munta-muntara or moontera, an Aboriginal word for "thick scrub place" or "impenetrable scrub".
European
The Yorke Peninsula coastline near Wallaroo was separately navigated by Matthew Flinders and Nicolas Baudin in 1802. The next Europeans to explore the district were John Hill and Thomas Burr. Under instructions from Governor Gawler, the pair were landed about 15 kilometres south of Point Riley, near Moonta Bay, on 28 April 1840 from the government cutter Water Witch. They then made their way back to Adelaide on horseback, traversing Northern Yorke Peninsula. They reported the discovery of 'a very excellent tract of country'. Based on that report a few pioneering British settlers arrived in the Moonta area in the 1840s, as pastoralists, but there was no significant development until the 1860s, primarily because of the lack of water. The scrub in the area was difficult to penetrate (as testified by the town's name) so the first settlers had a hard time clearing the land.
Large and rich deposits of copper were discovered at Moonta in 1861 by Patrick Ryan, a shepherd from Walter Hughes' property. This became a prosperous mine, named Wheal Hughes, with other mines soon to follow. The government town of Moonta was surveyed in March 1863, while an informal township of mining workers also grew at Moonta Mines. A horse tramway from Moonta to the port at Wallaroo opened in July 1866. Starting in the 1880s, agitation for conversion of the horse tramway to a steam locomotive railway commenced.
Following advertising by the South Australian Government, Cornish miners arrived in Moonta in large numbers. The government town of Moonta incorporated as the Corporate Town of Moonta in 1872. The mines at Moonta proved to be the richest mines in the whole of South Australia by 1917, exceeding the total wealth created by all other mines since 1836, the year of establishment of South Australia. The population of Moonta in 1875 was 12,000. The main copper mining operations at Moonta Mines ceased in 1923, although a number of smaller mines continued to be worked for some years. Smaller-scale operations recommenced in the area in the late 1980s but had closed by the mid-1990s.
Following the demise of copper mining, the district successfully merged into dry land farming. Moonta's surrounds are used for growing barley, wheat and other crops such as legumes, canola, chickpeas and field peas. Barley from the region is considered to be some of the best in the world.
Heritage listings
Moonta's town centre, consisting of old limestone miners' cottages and churches, gives the town a historical feel. Moonta has a number of heritage-listed sites listed on the South Australian Heritage Register, including:
Blanche Terrace: All Saints Anglican Church
Blanche Terrace: Moonta Masonic Hall
21 Ellen Street: Bank of South Australia Building
29 Ellen Street: Moonta School of Mines
Kadina Road: Moonta railway station
Geography and climate
Moonta exists in a semi-arid location, above Goyder's Line. Moonta is surrounded by mallee scrub. The centre is located four kilometres inland and is 20 metres above sea level. Moonta has a dry Mediterranean climate with seasonal temperatures about the same as Adelaide's temperatures. The temperature ranges are similar to those of Kadina and the weather patterns are similar to those of both Kadina and Adelaide.
Local economy
Tourism is a significant local industry, focusing on the availability of beach-side accommodation, including several caravan parks, holiday houses, bed and breakfast and a motel. The nearby locations of Moonta Bay, Port Hughes and Simms Cove are on the foreshore and are rapidly developing. They are extremely popular locations for retirement and holiday makers. The beaches, with fine white sand, are popular with recreational anglers and sailboarders. The natural state of the coast has largely been retained. The popular three-day Kernewek Lowender Cornish festival is also held every odd year in May in the Copper Coast towns of Moonta, Kadina and Wallaroo, with events staged across the three towns over several days. It was awarded South Australia's Inaugural Top Tourist Town by TICSA in 2021.
The National Trust of South Australia operates a number of heritage attractions in adjacent Moonta Mines, including a narrow gauge railway through the former mining works, a museum in the former Moonta Mines Model School, a sweet shop, former mining cottage and surviving buildings associated with the mines. The former Moonta railway station is now a visitor information centre.
Governance
Moonta is located within the local government area of the Copper Coast Council, which was formed in 1997 (replacing the Corporate Town of Moonta, which existed from 1872 to 1984, and the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula). As such, it remains part of the Hundred of Wallaroo which itself is part of the County of Daly. It is also part of the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga.
Media
Moonta was served by The People’s Weekly (17 May 1890 – 22 September 1961). The newspaper was then renamed to Moonta People’s Weekly (29 September 1961 – 31 March 1966), which then merged with the Kadina and Wallaroo Times (1 August 1888 to March 1966) to form the short-lived Kadina, Wallaroo and Moonta Times (7 April 1966 – 29 August 1968). In 1968 that paper then merged with the South Australian Farmer (9 January 1948 – 28 August 1968) to form the Yorke Peninsula Country Times, which still serves the entire peninsula.
Gallery
References
External links
Copper Coast Council: Moonta
Moonta and District Progress Association
Postcards: Moonta
Walkabout: Moonta
Cornish-Australian culture
Tourist attractions in South Australia
Mining towns in South Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonta%2C%20South%20Australia |
"Black Cherry" is a song by British electronic music duo Goldfrapp. The song was written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for their second studio album, Black Cherry (2003). The song was released as the album's fourth single in March 2004 to positive reviews from music critics. It was a modest commercial success, reaching the top thirty in the United Kingdom and on the United States Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.
Background and reception
Goldfrapp began work on "Black Cherry" in 2002 in a darkened studio in the countryside of Bath, England. Alison Goldfrapp contributed the song's lyrics, which she described as "personal stuff"; in subsequent interviews, she would not elaborate on the song's meaning.
"Black Cherry" received positive reviews from music critics. In a review for About.com, Wes May described the song as "lush" due to Goldfrapp's "endearingly chirpy vocals". MusicOMH.com reviewer Helen Wright called the track "blissful" because of its "plaintive strings, spaced-out melodies and soaring over everything, the unmistakable voice of Alison Goldfrapp". The CD single featured the B-side "Gone to Earth". The song was described by MusicOMH.com as a "treat" because of its "slightly oriental..off-key piano intro" that "turns into the most ethereal chill out music imaginable".
Formats and track listings
CD single #1
"Black Cherry" (Single Mix) – 3:55
"Gone to Earth" – 3:23
CD single #2
"Black Cherry" (M83 Remix) – 4:05
"Twist" (Kurtis Mantronik's Twist & Vac Mix) – 6:47
"Black Cherry" (Live in London) (Video)* – 5:04
"Twist" (Video) – 3:37
DVD single
"Black Cherry" (Lawrence Remix) – 6:41
"Strict Machine (Video) – 3:40
"Utopia" (Live in London) (Video)** – 5:06
"Utopia" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Acid Dub Edit) – 4:23
Digital single (2018)
"Black Cherry" (Single Mix) – 3:54
"Gone to Earth" – 3:22
"Black Cherry" (M83 Remix) – 4:03
"Black Cherry" (Lawrence Remix) – 6:38
"Twist" (Kurtis Mantronik's Twist and Vac Mix) – 6:46
*Filmed at Somerset House, 13 July 2003.
**Filmed at Shepherd's Bush Empire, 4 December 2001.
Personnel
The following people contributed to "Black Cherry":
Alison Goldfrapp – lead vocals, backing vocals, synthesizer, mixing
Will Gregory – synthesizer, mixing
Nick Batt – synthesizer, programming
Rowan Oliver - drum programming
Tom Elmhirst - mixing
John Dent - mastering
Charts
References
2003 songs
2004 singles
Goldfrapp songs
Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp
Songs written by Will Gregory
Mute Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Cherry%20%28Goldfrapp%20song%29 |
Folke Karl Skoog (July 15, 1908 – February 15, 2001) was a Swedish-born American plant physiologist who was a pioneer in the field of plant growth regulators, particularly cytokinins. Skoog was a recipient of the National Medal of Science 1991.
Born in Halland, Sweden, Skoog emigrated to the United States during a trip to California in 1925, and was naturalized as a citizen almost a decade later. He competed, and finished sixth in heat 2, in the 1500 meter race during the 1932 Summer Olympics. In 1936, he received his PhD in biology from Caltech for his work done with auxin, a plant hormone.
In 1937, Skoog was a postdoctoral researcher with Dennis Robert Hoagland, and his professional career advanced significantly with his arrival at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1947. Carlos O. Miller discovered kinetin in 1954, and benzyladenine and related compounds were later synthesized in Skoog's lab.
In 1962, Skoog and Toshio Murashige published what is probably the best-known paper in plant tissue culture; in a fruitless attempt to discover a yet-unknown plant growth regulator in tobacco juice for his doctoral thesis, Murashige and Skoog instead developed a greatly improved salt base for the sterile culture of tobacco. Now referred to as Murashige and Skoog medium, the final paper (Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18: 100-127) is one of the most often-cited papers in biology. Now 60 years after the work, M&S salt base remains an essential component in plant tissue culture, but not in hydroponics.
In 1970, Skoog was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
References
1908 births
2001 deaths
Swedish scientists
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
National Medal of Science laureates
Athletes (track and field) at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Plant physiologists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Olympic athletes for Sweden
Swedish emigrants to the United States
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Johns Hopkins University faculty
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folke%20K.%20Skoog |
Enrique "Quique" Sánchez Flores (; born 5 February 1965) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a right-back.
He began his professional career with Valencia in 1984, going on to amass La Liga totals of 304 games and 16 goals over 12 seasons and also appearing for Real Madrid and Zaragoza in the competition, retiring in 1997. Internationally, he represented Spain at under-18, under-21 and under-23 levels, appearing with the senior side at the 1990 World Cup.
In 2001, Flores began his managerial career when he took charge of Real Madrid's youth team. His first senior post came in 2004, with Getafe, and he also managed Valencia, Atlético Madrid – where he won the 2010 Europa League – and Espanyol in the top division. Abroad, he had spells at Benfica in the Primeira Liga and Watford (twice) in the Premier League, as well as stints in the United Arab Emirates and China.
Playing career
Born in Madrid, Flores spent his first ten years as a senior with Valencia CF, starting in 1984–85. The club was relegated in his second season, and when it returned to La Liga in the 1987–88 campaign, finished 14th. However, from that point until 1994 the team never ranked lower than seventh, with him as first-choice.
Flores moved to Real Madrid in summer 1994 on a four-year contract, and stayed with the capital side for two seasons, winning the league title in the first one but being deemed surplus to requirements early into the 1996 preseason after complaining to newly-arrived manager Fabio Capello of toenail pains. Subsequently, he had a brief spell with Real Zaragoza, retiring from professional football at the age of 32 with Spanish top-flight totals of 304 games and 16 goals; in his only season in the Segunda División, as Valencia won the championship, he posted career-highs with 40 matches and nine goals.
Flores made 15 appearances for the Spain national team, and was included in the 1990 FIFA World Cup squad. His debut came on 23 September 1987, in a 2–0 friendly win against Luxembourg in Castellón de la Plana.
Coaching career
Beginnings
Flores began his coaching career in 2001 by taking charge of Real Madrid's youth teams. After earning plaudits during his three seasons in the youth teams he caught the eye of the newly promoted Getafe CF, also in Madrid.
Valencia
After the 2004–05 campaign with Getafe, in which they finished in 13th place, Flores was given the opportunity to coach his former club Valencia, succeeding Claudio Ranieri. In his first year, he guided them to third place and thus qualified for the UEFA Champions League where the team went on to reach the quarter-finals, being knocked out by Chelsea.
In May 2007, the Che achieved a top-four league finish and consequently a place in the next Champions League. On 29 October, however, the board of directors dismissed Flores after a string of poor results.
Benfica
Flores was appointed as manager of S.L. Benfica on 24 May 2008. On 8 June of the following year he left the Primeira Liga side by mutual consent, after a third place in the league and winning the domestic league cup.
Atlético Madrid
On 23 October 2009, Flores signed for Atlético Madrid following the dismissal of Abel Resino, penning a contract until 30 June 2010. At the end of the campaign, he led the team to the ninth position in the domestic competition, but also to two cup finals: the UEFA Europa League against Fulham (2–1 win) and the Copa del Rey, lost to Sevilla FC.
Frequently clashing with star player Diego Forlán during 2010–11, Flores announced his departure from the Colchoneros before the season ended, with the team finally qualifying for the Europa League.
Al Ahli
In early May 2011, Flores was linked with a move to FC Spartak Moscow. On 8 November, however, he was named new coach of UAE Pro League team Al Ahli Dubai FC, replacing Ivan Hašek. He left on 11 June 2013.
Al Ain
On 28 September 2013, only three months after leaving the country, Flores returned to the United Arab Emirates, being appointed at Al Ain FC. However, his tenure was brief as he was dismissed on 8 March 2014 due to poor results.
Return to Getafe
After nearly nine months without a club, Flores returned to Getafe on 5 January 2015 to succeed Cosmin Contra as the new manager following the latter's departure to China. His first match in charge took place two days later, and it ended with a 1–1 away draw against UD Almería in the domestic cup; on 26 February, however, citing personal reasons, he resigned.
Watford
On 5 June 2015, Flores was appointed the head coach of newly promoted Premier League side Watford, replacing Slaviša Jokanović and being the fifth man to hold that position in twelve months. In December, the team won three and lost only one of their league matches, earning him the Premier League Manager of the Month accolade; his forward Odion Ighalo earned the equivalent award for his five-goal haul that month.
However, despite going on to lead the team to a comfortable mid-table position and the semi-finals of the FA Cup, it was announced on 13 May 2016 that Flores would be leaving at the end of the season.
Espanyol
On 9 June 2016, Flores returned to Spain, signing a three-year deal to replace Constantin Gâlcă as manager of RCD Espanyol. His second signing was José Antonio Reyes, with whom he had previously worked at Benfica and Atlético.
Flores was dismissed on 20 April 2018, after achieving poor results towards the end of the season. In July, he was on a four-man shortlist for the vacant Egyptian national team manager job.
Shanghai Shenhua
On 25 December 2018, Flores was appointed manager of Chinese club Shanghai Greenland Shenhua FC. The following July, he left.
Return to Watford
Flores returned to Watford on 7 September 2019, replacing his compatriot Javi Gracia who was dismissed the same day. His team completed a comeback from 2–0 down to draw 2–2 with Arsenal at Vicarage Road in his first game back on 15 September. However, one week later, they were defeated 8–0 at the City of Manchester Stadium by Manchester City, with the opposition scoring five goals in the first 15 minutes for their biggest ever Premier League win.
On 30 November 2019, Watford went away to Southampton and lost 2–1. The next day, Flores was sacked after securing only a single victory in his second stint in charge.
Third Getafe spell
On 6 October 2021, Flores was presented as Getafe manager for the third time, after Míchel was dismissed for not winning any of the first eight games of the season. His team were eliminated from the second round of the Spanish Cup on 16 December with a 5–0 loss at CD Atlético Baleares of the Primera Federación, but seventeen days later achieved the first victory over Real Madrid in nearly nine years with a lone goal by Enes Ünal.
Flores' side finished 15th in his first campaign back. On 27 April 2023, he was relieved of his duties as they fought relegation with seven matches remaining, and was replaced by another returnee, José Bordalás.
Personal life
Flores is the nephew of flamenco singer and dancer Lola Flores. His father, Isidro, was also a footballer and a defender, and Alfredo Di Stéfano was his godfather.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Valencia
Segunda División: 1986–87
Real Madrid
La Liga: 1994–95
Spain U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 1986
Manager
Benfica
Taça da Liga: 2008–09
Atlético Madrid
UEFA Europa League: 2009–10
UEFA Super Cup: 2010
Copa del Rey runner-up: 2009–10
Al Ahli
UAE League Cup: 2011–12
UAE President's Cup: 2012–13
Al Ain
UAE President's Cup: 2013–14
Individual
Premier League Manager of the Month: December 2015
References
External links
CiberChe stats and bio
1965 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Madrid
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Valencia CF players
Real Madrid CF players
Real Zaragoza players
Spain men's youth international footballers
Spain men's under-21 international footballers
Spain men's under-23 international footballers
Spain men's international footballers
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Spanish football managers
La Liga managers
Getafe CF managers
Valencia CF managers
Atlético Madrid managers
RCD Espanyol managers
Primeira Liga managers
S.L. Benfica managers
UAE Pro League managers
Al Ain FC managers
Premier League managers
Watford F.C. managers
Chinese Super League managers
Shanghai Shenhua F.C. managers
UEFA Europa League winning managers
Spanish expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Portugal
Expatriate football managers in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate football managers in England
Expatriate football managers in China
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in England
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in China
Real Madrid CF non-playing staff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quique%20S%C3%A1nchez%20Flores |
Terri Walker (born Chanelle Gstettenbauer, 14 April 1979) is an English R&B and soul singer-songwriter. Walker has released four albums in the United Kingdom, Untitled, L.O.V.E, I Am and Entitled. She also provided the majority of the vocals for Shanks & Bigfoot's debut album Swings and Roundabouts.
Biography
Early life and career
Walker was born in the Wimbledon district of London, England to Jamaican parents, but moved to Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany when she was four. She speaks fluent German. In a 2007 interview with Soul Culture, Walker stated: "I love Deutschland, it's moulded me into what I am. I love here [London] too and I came back to go to boarding-school." Walker moved back to the UK permanently to study at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London, which is a performing arts centre of excellence. Here, she began to study and sing opera. She stated: "I started to study opera when I was about 15 and I started to sing it professionally from about 18. It was always a life-long ambition of mine. I think classical training is the best kinda training you can get."
Walker began working on music independently providing vocals for garage artists such as 187 Lockdown and TNT. Walker also provided vocals on the Shanks & Bigfoot album Swings and Roundabouts, most notably on the UK top 20 hit "Sing-A-Long".
During this time, she was introduced to producers James Yarde, Sammy Jay and Amber Rene of Xosa Entertainment. Walker travelled to LA to record some demo tracks and then returned to the UK, continuing her attempts at landing a deal. Receiving her demos from LA, months later, Walker's UK management sent the recordings to labels in the US, who requested to see her. However, due to 9/11, this was delayed. Def Jam were one of the labels to which they had sent Walker's demos and her management contacted their UK offices who signed her to 'Def Soul UK'.
Debut album Untitled (2003–04)
Walker released her debut album Untitled in 2003 to critical acclaim. In a review from the BBC, Denise Boyd stated that "In Ms Walker we have an artist who can bravely take on the US diva and who may even come out unscathed on the other side. Terri Walker and Untitled can't be pigeon holed. This is not just urban, this is not just R&B, this is music for the soul." The album received further acclaim when it was nominated for the 2003 Mercury Music Prize alongside Walker's nominations for Best R&B Act, UK Act of the Year, Best Album and Best Newcomer at the 2003 MOBO Awards.
Walker's debut single and the first single from Untitled was "Guess You Didn't Love Me", a collaboration with Mos Def, which was released on 17 February 2003. The single debuted and peaked at number 60 on the UK Singles Chart and remains one of Walker's biggest hits to date. Although a collaboration with Mos Def, he did not appear in the song's music video. The second single from the album was "Ching Ching (Lovin' You Still)", which became her biggest hit single to date on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top 40. Promotion included an appearance on Jools Holland, performing both "Ching Ching" and the album's third single "Drawing Board". Walker states that the album was called Untitled as "It's like when you go to an art gallery and see a piece of work called 'Untitled'. That's how I want people to see my work. I want them to judge for themselves and make up their own minds."
Despite critical acclaim, the album was not a commercial success when it was released on 3 March 2003, peaking at number 118 on the UK Albums Chart, leading Walker's record label to push her into a more commercial direction for second album L.O.V.E.
Walker was also the guest vocalist on the single version of Jaimeson's "Common Ground", the fourth single taken from his album Think on Your Feet. It was released on 24 May 2004. Walker also provided vocals on Lemon Jelly's single "Make Things Right", which peaked at number 33 on the UK Singles Chart.
Second album L.O.V.E (2005)
Following the critical success of her debut album, Walker released her second studio album L.O.V.E (an acronym for "Love Overcomes Virtually Everything") two years after the release of Untitled on 28 March 2005. During the promotion of Untitled, Walker spoke on her second album, stating "I'm gonna be doing my new album soon. The next one will be a bit more serious. I've grown up since writing some of my original material and I've seen a lot of things that I would like to write and sing about." Upon the release of the album, Walker explained the more commercial direction by stating, "A lot of people didn't really know where to put me, I was 23 but everybody thought I was about 90 the way they were going on!". Producers that worked with Walker on the album included Soulpower and Copenhaniacs.
Reviews for L.O.V.E were also positive with the Daily Mirror stating that "The opening track confidently predicts that This Is My Time and, with a voice that knocks competitors into the underachieving box and songs a cut above her substandard debut, Ms T is in the ascendant. Pop soul sweetness." Contactmusic.com gave the album 4/5 stars, explaining that "Terri's second album, picks up from where her debut album left off, but there is a different a huge step up in the quality of production... The lyrics, production and vocal performance are all jaw dropping. If you are 29 or younger view this as the female Lemar if you are over 30 be prepared to be shocked and have your breath taken away cause this album is something special, very special."
The first single from the album was "Whoopsie Daisy", produced by Remee and Cutfather & Joe. The song missed the UK Top 40 by one place, peaking at number 41. The second single was "This Is My Time" which featured a sample of Dynasty's "Adventures in the Land of Music" but the song was not commercially released, even though a music video was produced for the song. Despite a more mainstream direction, L.O.V.E performed worse on the UK Albums Chart than its predecessor, peaking at number 142. This lack of commercial success lead to Walker parting with Mercury Records and recording her third studio album independently. Speaking on her departure from the label in an interview with Catch a Vibe, Walker explained "When I got dropped from Mercury I was really annoyed and pissed off because aside from getting dropped I wasn't being 100% me. I had to play the game and do the whole weave thing because that's what the label thought would sell but then obviously it didn't. It was a double whammy because you're getting dropped but you're getting dropped with something that you did to compromise, to try and make things work. If I'd been dropped after the first album I'd have been like, 'Oh well, I like the album. Moving on.' The second one left a bad taste in my mouth. But I got over it."
Third album I Am and hiatus from music (2006)
Walker released her third studio album in 2006, only one year after leaving her major label home. It was released via independent label Dekkor Records. Walker stated that "Dekkor gives creative control and freedom of expression, much better than being on a major label where you have to watch what you say." and that it's a "progression from the last two albums. Live instruments, songs about life, love and friendships, with the neo-soul vibe still in tact".[sic] Walker co-wrote eight of the ten tracks on the album and also co-produced the album track "I Don't Care". The album predominantly featured production by Sammy Jay and James Yarde (who had featured on Walker's debut album Untitled).
The album received positive reviews for Walker's return to her neo-soul roots. Matilda Egere-Cooper of the BBC stated that "Its just as well that Terri Walker has returned to good form with her third LP, as the faux pas that was her second album didn't do much for her cause... This is one heck of an album, putting Terri firmly back in the premier league of UK singers.". Matt Snow of The Guardian gave the album three stars but stated that I Am "sounds good at an intimate, low volume but increasingly thin and flat the louder you hear it. Walker sings beautifully throughout; she may yet make a classic."
Two singles were released from I Am but neither song received a music video. The first and only commercially released single from the album was "Alright with Me", produced by Sammy Jay and Sly. The song was released on 24 April 2006 and contained an unreleased song "If That Was You" as the b-side. The title-track, "I Am" served as the second promotional-only single with an impact date of 14 August 2006. "Alright with Me" and I Am did not chart in the UK, leading to Walker's partnership with the label ending.
Walker toured the album across the UK in September and October 2006 playing in Bristol, Norwich, Rotterdam, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, London and Brighton. Walker subsequently took a break from the music business after the I Am tour was completed.
Return to music and fourth album Walk with Me (2008)
Prior to the announcement of her fourth album, Walker had been working with producer Salaam Remi on a side-project entitled Champagne Flutes. In 2008, the duo's song "Hey Baby" was featured on the Sex and the City, Vol. 2: More Music soundtrack. During her time away from the spotlight, Walker also provided backing vocals for Jennifer Hudson and Fergie. She explained that "I wasn't really thinking about coming back with another album because I thought, 'You know what? I'm not really trying to do the artist thing anymore. I love to sing but let me just work alongside people." She explained her hiatus from the music industry by saying "If you're an artist doing something else you feel like people aren't really trying to buy into it because these artists have flooded the market so much. It just makes you wonder, 'Why should I bother? No one's going to be interested in what I'm trying to do. I was locked into that industry. When I got out I realized there was a shortage of the kind of music I was making, what the Jill Scott's and Erykah Badu's were making; so I think someone needs to come back and rectify that."
In May 2010, four years after her third album I Am, Walker announced that she was working on her fourth studio album. She confirmed to Soul Culture that she had been working with producer Ski Beatz, that it would be released on Damon Dash's BluRoc imprint and distributed via Roc-A-Fella Records. Speaking on the album Walker stated, "I have no release date confirmed yet but I can tell you the theme: seeing as I am working with Hip Hop legends, I have decided to have a Hip Hop theme on this album. I want to have a lot of up and coming features on this album – US and UK – and whoever fits what I’m doing. So far it has all fit into place. I’m going to be distributed through Roc-A-Fella which means more freedom for me." The interview also unveiled a clip of the first new material from the album and the original first single choice "Understanding". It was then previewed in full on 7 June 2010. On 6 December, Walker announced on her Twitter page that the album's first single would be titled "So Hard" and that she had seen the first draft of the song's video, her first video since "This Is My Time" in 2005.
On 5 January 2011, Walker posted a fourteen-minute video on YouTube of her talking about the album and introducing album snippets. It was also announced via Soul Culture that the title of the album would be Mz Walker. "So Hard" premiered on Ronnie Herel's BBC 1Xtra show on 18 January. On Herel's show, it was announced that the "So Hard" single release date would be 22 February, with the Mz Walker album following on 3 May. "So Hard" was subsequently released on 5 April 2011 and Walker announced on her blog one day previous, that the album name had been changed to Walk with Me. Subsequently, Walker left BluRoc and the release of both the second single, "One Day Longer" and parent album Walk With Me were cancelled.
Lady and debut album Lady (2012-13)
In 2012, Walker teamed up with fellow soulstress Nicole Wray to form retro-soul duo Lady. They were signed to Truth and Soul Records and their self-titled debut album was released on 5 March 2013. The album yielded two singles, "Money" and "Get Ready". Several months after the album's release, Walker left the duo to return to her solo career, while Wray continued to perform and tour under the Lady moniker. A third single, "Good Lovin'" was released from the album after Walker had left the band.
Untitled to Entitled (2014-15)
In 2014, Walker released a collaboration EP with Joe Buhdah, called Untitled to Entitled as a nod to her debut album and upcoming fourth studio album. One single was released in promotion of the EP, "Feel Right". On 1 December 2014, it was announced that Walker's fourth solo album, her first in nine years, Entitled, would be released on 9 March 2015 and the first single would be "Bad Boy" (featuring Frisco).
Discography
Studio albums
Unreleased albums
EPs
Mixtapes
2011: Terri in Wonderland (released on 10 June 2011)
Singles
Single appearances
References
External links
Terri Walker's official MySpace
Terri Walker's official blog
1979 births
Living people
English people of Jamaican descent
British contemporary R&B singers
English women singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
English soul singers
20th-century Black British women singers
Neo soul singers
UK garage singers
Musicians from Wimbledon, London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri%20Walker |
Preston is an unincorporated and exurban community in the northwest United States, located east of Seattle in King County, Washington. It was named after railway official William T. Preston.
Preston is a historic mill town on the northeast edge of the large Tiger Mountain State Forest, along Interstate 90. Preston, elevation , is located within commuting distance of Seattle and Bellevue.
The local Raging River feeds into the Snoqualmie River at Fall City, and offers recreational activities like fly-fishing and swimming. Eastside Fire & Rescue has an all-volunteer fire station, Station 74, staffed by residents of Preston and nearby communities, which serves the Preston area.
The Preston Community Club is a volunteer organization that was created to unite and protect the historic Preston community by organizing town events and acting as liaisons to local and state government. Several small stores have popped up as the area has grown, such as the Preston General store, Indoor Garden & Lighting, Coffee Too!, Subway, and the Preston Post Office. Several larger companies have taken advantage of Preston's accessibility, such as bottled water company Talking Rain, SanMar, and Platt.
Surrounding locations
References
Unincorporated communities in King County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston%2C%20Washington |
MeruPuri, originally titled , is a Japanese manga series by written and illustrated by Matsuri Hino. MeruPuri was serialized in Japan in LaLa magazine, and was published in English by Viz Media.
Plot
High school freshman Airi Hoshina's only ambition in life is to someday live in a cozy home with a loving husband and find joy in the little things in life. She revolves all her activities and hobbies around this concept including getting to school on time every day because the school legend says that the longer one's non-tardy streak is, the better boyfriend one will find.
However, her perfectly mapped out life ambition is derailed when she drops a small mirror that has been passed down in her family for generations on her way to school. Upon returning to retrieve the trinket she discovers it in the possession a cheeky, strangely dressed 7 year-old. She at first fails to retrieve the mirror by rushing off when the first bell rings so she doesn't break her no tardy rule. When she returns and finds the boy still waiting in the same spot with the mirror, he introduces himself as Aram and says he came through the mirror and is waiting for his companion to contact him. Realizing he is alone and thinking he is a foreigner from the embassy, Airi invites him to wait for his companion at her house so he isn't by himself in the city. She welcomes the company since her parents have been traveling abroad for several years and her grandparents often vacation leaving her living in her house alone the majority of the time.
The two develop a friendship quickly as Aram likes that she treats him like any other person, and he stays the night in Airi's room since his companion has yet to contact him. Airi wakes up the next morning to the surprise of her life when she finds Aram has turned into a 17-year-old overnight. Aram's companion Lei finally appears through Airi's mirror and explains that Aram is actually the youngest prince of a magic kingdom called Astale. He reveals that she is actually a descendant of Princess Chrisnele, who is considered a traitor for abandoning her kingdom for love in Airi's world. The mirror was a portal that belonged to her. Aram fled through a separate portal to her world because his older brother Jeile attempted to place a curse on him that would age him into an old man and seal off his magic when he is engulfed in darkness. Aram was slow to escape the spell, and a partial amount of it still took effect aging him into a teenager and making his magic exceptionally difficult to control. Lei declares that the only thing that can restore Aram to his true form is the kiss of one's most beloved maiden. As Aram is too young to have such a woman he declares that Airi, the closest thing he has had to a female friend, is his most beloved maiden. Airi is against the idea as she wants to save her first kiss for her soul mate leaving her and Aram stuck together until he turns back into his true form and can use magic again.
Characters
Drama CD voice actress - Fumiko Orikasa
This 15-year-old, happy-go-lucky heroine of the story, Airi, dreams of a warm and peaceful married life like what she sees on her favorite TV drama, Tales of Marriage on the Plains. Her parents work abroad, and she lives with her grandparents she never sees, she would be alone if not for her two dogs, Pochirou and Koromi. Airi has a hand mirror in the shape of a seven-pointed star that has been passed down through her family since the days of her great-great-great grandmother, which can be used as a portal to the magical kingdom of Astale. In fact, Airi's great-great-great grandmother was a traitorous princess from Astale, Chrisnelle, making her a direct descendant of the royal family.
Airi's first impression of Aram is that he is a cute little boy, but he quickly comes to stand in the way of her plans of living a normal life. Her dreams of a normal marriage disappear when she unwittingly performs marriage vows with him. Because of the vows, she and Aram both now have matching insignias on their chests. If any man aside from Aram kisses the symbol, then her heart will stop beating. However, she slowly becomes fond of Aram and finally realizes her feelings during their high school summer trip to the beach, where Raz tries to kill her by kissing the symbol on her chest. After that, she was completely devoted to Aram.
Although, encounters with Aram's former fiance Mariabel causes problems when she removes Aram's memories and feelings for Airi by the help of Raz. Airi can't let Aram go as she constantly tries to get him to remember her.
Ten years after, on Aram's 17th birthday, at the ceremony of coming of age, they officially get married when she is at the age of 25. (ch 22)
Drama CD voice actresses - Yuki Kaida as child Aram and Hikaru Midorikawa as adult Aram
A 7-year old prince of the magical kingdom of Astale, his full name is Astale Ae Daemonia Eucharista Aram. Aram came to Airi's world to avoid a spell his half-brother Jeile was trying to cast on him. Because Aram was slow to escape the spell and that he got hit by half of it, its effect wasn't as Jeile intended. It was supposed to age Aram to an old man overnight in the dark, but it ends up growing him into a 17-year-old whenever he is in darkness. The only way to return him to his proper form is with a kiss from his most beloved maiden, whom he quickly determines to be Airi. He is always quick to proclaim his everlasting love for her, much to Airi's chagrin at first.
When Aram had his memories removed by the box Raz gave Mariabel, he becomes aloof and indifferent towards Airi, However, he feels slightly disturbed around her and doesn't know why. But then he kisses Airi once more and returns to his original form, confirming Airi's love for him and she is his most beloved.
Occasionally, Aram enjoys teasing Airi, for instance when Airi touched Aram's body while he was sleeping when he was actually awake, telling her she could do anything to him if she wanted to.
In some ways Aram is a typical little boy, and he develops a fondness for things like sentaiyuti shows (especially The Sparkle Rangers) and rice omelettes, but he also has an exceedingly regal bearing and often seems twice his real age. Although formally engaged to Mariabel, Aram makes Airi perform Astale's traditional marriage vows with him in order to save her from going to the Eternal Prison. At first, their marriage is not recognized by anyone in Astale until volume 4 where Aram officially places their marriage into the "Book of Oaths". However, their official wedding is not until Aram comes of age 10 years later (when he is 17), in chapter 22. At this time Jeile performs a reversal spell on him, causing him to turn into a little kid when it goes dark.
Drama CD voice actor - Daisuke Kishio
Aram's older half-brother and the crown prince of Astale; his full name is Astale Ae Daemonia Eucharista Jeile. He is eccentric and a playboy. He cast the aging spell on Aram out of frustration because Aram receives all of their father's attention. In actuality, Jeile really does care about Aram, and it's likely he simply never considered the consequences of the spell. Though he seems like a bungler at first, Jeile is the commander of Astale's magical army.
When Aram loses his memory, he helps Airi and even assists her on being by her side while she is in their realm.
Jeile has a bit of a masochistic streak; he becomes smitten with Airi after she slaps him, and tries to get her to become his first wife. He calls Airi his Mountain Lily Maiden and tries to be happy for her after she becomes Aram's fiance. When Aram turns 17 he reverses the spell so Aram turns into a child in the dark after hearing Airi complain about never being able to see him little again.
When he was about twelve years old, his first love was Lei (he did not know that Lei was a boy at the time due to Lei's long hair and rather feminine appearance). His fiancé is Lei's sister, Nei. When Jeile meets her, he can't bear to see her face because it is identical to Lei's. However, five years later when Jeile is King of Astale (after the former king and queen retired) he accepts Nei and they even have two children, whose names are not revealed.
Drama CD voice actor - Nozomu Sasaki
Aram's caretaker, he is a conscientious civil servant and attentive to Aram. However, he has no respect for Airi, and is troubled about Aram's fondness for her. He's about nineteen years old. He is also in love with Queen Veedua, as revealed in volume 4. His sister Nei is identical to him. He had to impersonate Airi while she was learning magic in Astale. Everyone in school was fooled except for Nakaoji, whose ancestor was a great magician of Astale.
Lei has another form, which resembles a phoenix.
Drama CD voice actor - Atsushi Kisaichi
The president of Airi's class and, though he might not know it, Airi's current prime marriage candidate. He seems rather taken with Airi himself. Nakaoji is sporty, friendly, and good with kids, though he and Aram sparred. This is because Nakaoji had lost patience with Aram who disliked him right from the start, as he knew that Airi liked Nakaoji and was determined to get catch Airi's heart. His ancestor was the Grand Magician of Astale who first established the seven royal families of Astelle.
A member of one of Astale's royal houses, the Zehrotuhia house, his full name is Zerothuhia Razalude, but he usually goes by Raz. His family would've been the rulers of Astale if not for the betrayal of Airi's ancestor, the princess Chrisnele. For this reason, Raz seems determined to inflict his family's misfortune on Airi but in volume 4, it is revealed that actually, he likes her and that the reason that he tried to kill her was because he had a deal with her majesty Queen Veedua that if he helped her in this task she must let him travel wherever he likes. In volume 4, he is summoned by Nakaoji's little sister, who hopes to get him to kill her brother for telling their Mom not to get her a cell phone. He is said to be about sixteen years old.
Aram's fiancé. Mariabel is certain that she is the best match for Aram, and steals Aram's memories of Airi to win him back to her. She is dismayed that Aram continues to pursue Airi and that only Airi's kiss is able to turn him back to normal. She realizes her foolishness and becomes friends with Airi.
Drama CD voice actress - Ema Kogure
Jeile's fairy. She got into his bedroom searching a flower to live with, as fairies spend their lives sharing energy with flowers. She had chosen a ribbon instead, by accident since it had a rose pattern on it, and Jeile, to save her, created a magic ribbon over her head which matched the one around his hair. In this way, she could share his life force and in this way grow. Jeile is scolded for this, as it supposedly makes him appear "soft" and unworthy to command the Astale magical army, but he nonetheless does not regret his decision. In volume 4, Maruru fully matures and becomes larger, so that she is the size of a normal woman.
Queen Veedua
Aram's mother and a very intimidating woman. She and the king have a 100-year age gap. Veedua is very playful to the point of appearing cruel (Jeile, Lei and Aram's opinion of her). To test their love she makes them go through a trial where Airi is required to find the lost ring of Chrisnelle which is given to all children of royalty when they are born. She was the one to make the plan to steal Aram's memories of Airi. However, upon meeting Airi, Veedua becomes quite fond of her, due to hearing of how Airi made Aram clean her bathroom and never hesitates to tell Aram to shut up.
Hirata Ayashi
Drama CD voice actor - Jun Fukuyama
Airi's friend from junior high-school who used to have a crush on her. Airi rejected Hirata's confession on their graduation day and so made fun of Airi's imagination. He met Airi again in the theme park in chapter 1 of the manga and once again ridiculed her in front of his girlfriend (voiced by Asami Imai in the drama CD) and said that no one would want to be Airi's boyfriend until he saw Aram.
Umi Nakaoji
Naokaoji's little sister, who summons Raz in order to get rid of her big brother once and for all so that she talk to the boy she likes and start using her cellphone again. She calls Raz "Demon", probably because of the way they met (via summoning). It isn't actually known what happens to her after that, however there is a woman that looks a lot like her on the last page Raz appears in. If it is her, more than likely Umi decided to further her interest in magic.
Reception
On Anime News Network, Zac Bertschy gave volume 1 a grade of C+ for the story and B+ for the art.
References
External links
Summary at Shojo Beat
2002 manga
Comedy anime and manga
Hakusensha manga
Shōjo manga
Viz Media manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeruPuri |
The Village Stompers was an American dixieland jazz group during the 1950s and '60s. The group developed a folk-dixie style that began with the hit song "Washington Square".
The Village Stompers came from Greenwich Village in New York City and consisted of Dick Brady, Don Coates, Ralph Casale, Frank Hubbell, Lenny Pogan, Al McManus, Don Steele, Mitchell May, and Joe Muranyi. Their song "Washington Square" reached No. 2 on the Billboard magazine Hot 100 singles chart in 1963, and No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary Chart. Their hits included "From Russia with Love"/"The Bridge of Budapest" in April 1964 (No. 81) and "Fiddler on the Roof"/"Moonlight on the Ganges" in December 1964 (No. 97) and No. 19 on the Adult Contemporary Chart. Three other tracks made the Billboard Bubbling Under chart: "The La-Dee-Song"/"Blue Grass" February 1964 (104), "Oh! Marie"/ "Limehouse Blues" in October 1964 (132), and "Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines"/"Sweet Water Bay" in July 1965 (130 pop chart and 35 Adult Contemporary).
The group disbanded in 1967.
Discography
1963 Washington Square
1964 More Sounds of Washington Square
1964 Around the World with the Village Stompers
1965 Some Folk, a Bit of Country and a Whole Lot of Dixie
1965 New Beat on Broadway
1966 Taste of Honey and Other Goodies
1967 Live at the Copa
1967 One More Time
1967 Greatest Hits
References
External links
Frank Hubbell
American jazz ensembles from New York City
Epic Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Village%20Stompers |
Ethyl loflazepate (marketed under the brand names Meilax, Ronlax and Victan) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. In animal studies it was found to have low toxicity, although in rats evidence of pulmonary phospholipidosis occurred with pulmonary foam cells developing with long-term use of very high doses. Its elimination half-life is 51–103 hours. Its mechanism of action is similar to other benzodiazepines. Ethyl loflazepate also produces an active metabolite which is stronger than the parent compound. Ethyl loflazepate was designed to be a prodrug for descarboxyloflazepate, its active metabolite. It is the active metabolite which is responsible for most of the pharmacological effects rather than ethyl loflazepate. The main metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are descarbethoxyloflazepate, loflazepate and 3-hydroxydescarbethoxyloflazepate. Accumulation of the active metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are not affected by those with kidney failure or impairment. The symptoms of an overdose of ethyl loflazepate include sleepiness, agitation and ataxia. Hypotonia may also occur in severe cases. These symptoms occur much more frequently and severely in children. Death from therapeutic maintenance doses of ethyl loflazepate taken for 2 – 3 weeks has been reported in 3 elderly patients. The cause of death was asphyxia due to benzodiazepine toxicity. High doses of the antidepressant fluvoxamine may potentiate the adverse effects of ethyl loflazepate.
Ethyl loflazeplate is commercialized in Mexico, under the trade name Victan. It is officially approved for the following conditions:
Anxiety
Post-trauma anxiety
Anxiety associated with severe neuropathic pain
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Panic attack
Delirium tremens
See also
Benzodiazepine
References
External links
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
Ethyl esters
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Hypnotics
Lactams
Fluoroarenes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20loflazepate |
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