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Conductor gallop is the high-amplitude, low-frequency oscillation of overhead power lines due to wind. The movement of the wires occurs most commonly in the vertical plane, although horizontal or rotational motion is also possible. The natural frequency mode tends to be around 1 Hz, leading the often graceful periodic motion to also be known as conductor dancing. The oscillations can exhibit amplitudes in excess of a metre, and the displacement is sometimes sufficient for the phase conductors to infringe operating clearances (coming too close to other objects), and causing flashover. The forceful motion also adds significantly to the loading stress on insulators and electricity pylons, raising the risk of mechanical failure of either.
The mechanisms that initiate gallop are not always clear, though it is thought to be often caused by asymmetric conductor aerodynamics due to ice build up on one side of a wire. The crescent of encrusted ice approximates an aerofoil, altering the normally round profile of the wire and increasing the tendency to oscillate.
Gallop can be a significant problem for transmission system operators, particularly where lines cross open, windswept country and are at risk to ice loading. If gallop is likely to be a concern, designers can employ smooth-faced conductors, whose improved icing and aerodynamic characteristics reduce the motion. Additionally, anti-gallop devices may be mounted to the line to convert the lateral motion to a less damaging twisting one. Increasing the tension in the line and adopting more rigid insulator attachments have the effect of reducing galloping motion. These measures can be costly, are often impractical after the line has been constructed, and can increase the tendency for the line to exhibit high frequency oscillations.
If ice loading is suspected, it may be possible to increase power transfer on the line, and so raise its temperature by Joule heating, melting the ice. The sudden loss of ice from a line can result in a phenomenon called "jump", in which the catenary dramatically rebounds upwards in response to the change in weight. If the risk of trip is high, the operator may elect to pre-emptively switch out the line in a controlled manner rather than face an unexpected fault. The risk of mechanical failure of the line remains.
Theoretical analysis
The earliest studies of long wires embedded in a moving fluid motion dates to the late 19th century, when Vincenc Strouhal explained "singing" wires in terms of vortex shedding. Gallop is now known to arise from a different physical phenomenon: aerodynamic lift. Ice accumulated on the wire destroys the circular symmetry of the wire, and the natural up-and-down "singing" motion of a wire changes the angle of attack of the iced wire in the wind. For certain shapes, the variation in lift across the different angles is so large that it excites large-scale oscillations.
Mathematically, an unloaded extended wire in dead air can be approximated as a mass suspended at height by a spring with constant . If the wind moves with velocity , then it makes angle with the wire, where At large wind velocities, the lift and drag induced on the wire are proportional to the square of the wind velocity, but the proportionality constants and (for a noncircular wire) depend on : where is the fluid density and the length of the wire.
In principle, the excited oscillation can take three forms: rotation of the wire, horizontal sway, or vertical plunge. Most gallops combine rotation with at least one of the other two forms. For algebraic simplicity, this article will analyze a conductor only experiencing plunge (and not rotation); a similar treatment can address other dynamics. From geometrical considerations, the vertical component of the force must be keeping only terms first-order in the regime . Gallop occurs whenever the driving coefficient exceeds the natural damping of the wire; in particular, a necessary-but-not-sufficient condition is that This is known as the Den Hartog gallop condition, after the engineer who first discovered it.
At low wind velocities , the above analysis begins to fail, because the gallop oscillation couples to the vortex shedding.
Flutter
A similar aeolian phenomenon is flutter, caused by vortices on the leeward side of the wire, and which is distinguished from gallop by its high-frequency (10 Hz), low-amplitude motion. To control flutter, transmission lines may be fitted with tuned mass dampers (known as Stockbridge dampers) clamped to the wires close to the towers. The use of bundle conductor spacers can also be of benefit.
See also
Aeolian vibration
References
Aerodynamics
Electric power transmission
Mechanical vibrations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductor%20gallop |
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Bisco Hatori. It was serialized in Hakusensha's LaLa magazine between the September 2002 and November 2010 issues. The series follows Haruhi Fujioka, a scholarship student at Ouran Academy, and the other members of the popular host club. The romantic comedy focuses on the relationships within and outside the Club.
The manga has been adapted into a series of audio dramas, an animated television series directed by Takuya Igarashi and produced by Bones, a Japanese television drama series, a 2012 live-action film adaptation, and a visual novel by Idea Factory. Two musical adaptations opened in 2022, with the final one scheduled for 2023.
By December 2011, Ouran High School Host Club had over 13 million copies in circulation.
Plot
The comedic series revolves around the escapades of Haruhi Fujioka, a scholarship student at the prestigious Ouran Academy, an elite private school for rich kids located in Bunkyo, Tokyo. Looking for a quiet place to study, Haruhi stumbles upon the otherwise-abandoned Third Music Room, a place where the Host Club, a group of six male students, gathers to entertain female "clients" with food, themed parties, and flirtatious conversation and behavior. During their initial encounter, Haruhi accidentally destroys an antique vase valued at ¥8,000,000 (around US$60,000) and must work off the debt as the club's errand boy. Her short hair, slouching attire, and gender-ambiguous face cause her to be mistaken by the Hosts for a male student, though they soon realize her actual gender and the fact that she's a "natural" in entertaining girls. In response, they decide to "promote" her to a member of the Host Club so that she may work off her debt by procuring a certain number of clients by the time she graduates, all while concealing her gender from the rest of the student body as well as their growing feelings for her.
Media
Manga
The Ouran High School Host Club manga series was serialized between the September 2002 and November 2010 issues of LaLa magazine. The individual chapters were collected in eighteen tankōbon volumes between August 5, 2003 and April 5, 2011.
Hakusensha released a fanbook for the series on August 4, 2009 titled .
The series is licensed in English North America by Viz Media under its Shojo Beat imprint, and in Indonesia in the monthly manga magazine Hanalala. It is published in Singapore (in both simplified Chinese and English) by Chuang Yi, and in Poland by JPF.
Anime
A 26-episode anime television series aired between April 5 and September 26, 2006 on NTV, adapting the first eight volumes of the manga. The series was produced by Nippon Television, VAP, Bones and Hakusensha. It was directed by Takuya Igarashi, with Yōji Enokido handling series composition and writing the scripts, Kumiko Takahashi designing the characters and Yoshihisa Hirano composing the music. It features a different cast from the audio dramas, with Maaya Sakamoto as Haruhi Fujioka and Mamoru Miyano as Tamaki Suoh.
The series is licensed for distribution in North America by Funimation Entertainment. Caitlin Glass was the ADR director of the series, as well as voicing Haruhi. The first anime DVD set containing the first thirteen episodes was released on October 28, 2008 in North America. The second volume containing the last thirteen episodes was released on January 6, 2009. On April 27, 2009, the series made its North American television debut on the Funimation Channel. The series is also available for digital streaming on the Funimation app, but was moved over to the Crunchyroll streaming service in 2022 after the latter was acquired a year prior by Sony Pictures Television, Funimation's parent company who acquired in 2018. On September 1, 2022, Netflix began streaming the series in 190 countries.
Music and audio CDs
Three drama CDs were released in 2003, as well as two tracks included in LaLa magazine's 28th and 29th anniversary CDs. Three soundtracks were released by Video and Audio Project for the Ouran High School Host Club anime adaptation. The first, Ouran High School Host Club Soundtrack & Character Song Collection (Part 1), was released in Japan on July 26, 2006, and contained twenty tracks, including the anime opening theme song. The second, Ouran High School Host Club Soundtrack & Character Song Collection 2, included an additional nineteen tracks and was released on August 23, 2006. On September 20, 2007, a third soundtrack, the Ouran High School Host Club Soundtrack & Character Song Collection Special Edition was released containing eight songs from the previous two tracks, with four additional songs.
Visual novel
The Ouran Host Club visual novel was released for PlayStation 2 on April 19, 2007 by Idea Factory. Based on the television series, the player makes decisions as Haruhi that affect the other hosts' feelings toward her. The game features Jean-Pierre Léo, a longtime French friend of Tamaki, and Sayuri Himemiya, a childhood friend of Haruhi, designed by the series creator. There are two other original characters. The game has been released exclusively in Japan. A Nintendo DS port of the game, updated with a fully voiced cast and new character-specific scenarios, was released on March 19, 2009.
Live-action TV series and film
A live-action TV series of Ouran began airing in Japan on TBS on July 22, 2011. The live-action adaption features Yusuke Yamamoto as Tamaki Suou and Haruna Kawaguchi as Haruhi Fujioka.
A live-action film of Ouran was announced during a fan meeting on August 25, 2011 and continues off from the conclusion of the television series. All actors of the live-action television series reprised their roles. The film was released on March 17, 2012. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on October 10, 2012.
The series had a spin-off named Ouran High School Host Club: Haruhi no Happy Birthday Daisakusen with the same cast that was originally broadcast on January 6, 2012, by LISMO drama, a mobile drama provided by au. This LISMO drama tells an original story worked on by the author of the manga. The drama revolves around the host club members becoming flustered upon learning that it is Haruhi's birthday. Through their misunderstandings about celebrating her birthday, the members make Haruhi angry. Kawaguchi, who plays Haruhi Fujioka, commented, "You will see an explosion of this well-known bright and silly character! It was fun playing the role, and all the host club members enjoyed the filming." Each episode is approximately five minutes long, and there are four episodes.
Stage musical
A stage musical adaptation was announced in June 2021. Directed by Chobi Natsuki, with Muck Akazawa as screenwriter and music by Yu, it opened at the Tennozu Galaxy Theater, Tokyo, and Mielparque Hall Osaka in January 2022. A second adaptation titled Kageki Ouran High School Host Club ƒ, which was directed by Kazuhito Yoneyama, ran at the Tennozu Galaxy Theater and Sankei Hall Breeze, Osaka, in December 2022. In April 2023, the third and final performance, Kageki Ouran High School Host Club Fine, was announced for a December run in Tokyo, with returning casts from the previous musical.
Reception
By December 2011, the series had over 13 million copies in circulation. The series is a parody of otaku culture, especially cross-dressing. The club often dresses up in dazzling costumes, and Renge Hōshakuji is also identified as an otaku. Rose Bridges, writing for Anime News Network, regards Ouran as being the first example of a "fujoshi comedy" genre—loosely defined as humorous anime with predominantly male casts that cater to shipping-obsessed fangirls.
The manga artist of the series Bisco Hatori appeared at Anime Expo 2019 at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles. During several interviews and panels, she indicated that she would welcome another project concerning the characters and topics covered in Ouran but could not produce an anime and advised fans to continue petitioning the studio. When asked about the Boy Love suggested in the series, she stated that Ouran has always been meant to be a parody of yaoi manga. As for Haruhi being a female, it was revealed that the character was originally meant to be a boy, but one of her editors suggested a gender swap. Thus, Hatori invented a female character that "doesn't need to dress up like a boy other than the fact that those are the clothing she wears and likes" without subtext. She expressed that she is not hung up on genre parameters or gender orientation because every person should be proud of being unique while remaining true to themselves. In summation, Hatori stressed Ouran being a story about family and friendship, without any intention of being a pioneer of "fujoshi comedy," though admits that it happened just the same.
Notes
References
External links
Official Ouran High School Host Club manga website
Official NTV Ouran High School Host Club anime website
Official IDeaf Ouran Host Club visual novel website
Official Ouran High School Host Club DS visual novel website
Official Shojo Beat Ouran High School Host Club manga website
Official Funimation Ouran website
Official TV drama website
2002 manga
2006 anime television series debuts
2011 Japanese television series debuts
2011 Japanese television series endings
Bones (studio)
Cross-dressing in anime and manga
Cross-dressing in video games
Funimation
Hakusensha franchises
Hakusensha manga
Japanese LGBT-related television shows
Japanese high school television series
LGBT in anime and manga
LGBT harem anime and manga
Male harem anime and manga
Manga adapted into films
Nippon TV original programming
Otaku in fiction
Parody anime and manga
Romantic comedy anime and manga
School life in anime and manga
Shōjo manga
TBS Television (Japan) dramas
Viz Media manga
Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouran%20High%20School%20Host%20Club |
Havillah is a small unincorporated community located in northeastern Okanogan County, Washington, eighteen miles south of the Canada–US border. Current census searches do not indicate a population count, but estimates are three to four hundred in the immediate and surrounding areas.
The area was homesteaded and settled in the early 1900s. Many of the families came from the midwest, and several direct descendants (notably the Schweikert/Kalmas, Duchows, Obergs, Bunches, and Vissers) still live there and farm the land.
At 3500 feet, the climate is considered semi-arid and farming efforts are seasonal due to the cold and snow. Cattle and some sheep are raised, in addition to wheat, oats, barley, and alfalfa hay. Most crops must rely on snow fall and seasonal rains for dry land farming. Many residents who farm or raise livestock in Havillah supplement their income with jobs in the nearest towns of Tonasket or Oroville about twenty miles "down the hill".
Immanuel Lutheran Congregation (organized January 29, 1905) serves as the community hub, and members and non-members alike attend weekly services and other functions there. Up the road, Sitzmark Ski Hill has been a favorite winter recreation area for local folks since it was established by the Schweikert and Dukow family in the mid 1900s. In addition, hunting, hiking, other winter sports, boating, and fishing opportunities have long been the mainstay of recreation in the general area which borders the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest and the nearby Pasayten Wilderness.
Havillah has no services available, with the exception of church services.
Visit for additional information.
References
Unincorporated communities in Okanogan County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Populated places in the Okanagan Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havillah%2C%20Washington |
Toshio Murashige is a professor emeritus of University of California Riverside in plant biology.
He is most widely known for his efforts in creating the plant tissue culture medium known as Murashige and Skoog medium.
References
External links
Listing at UCR
University of California, Riverside faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshio%20Murashige |
is a Japanese shōjo manga series written and illustrated by Miki Aihara. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Bessatsu Shōjo Comic magazine, starting in 1994. Shogakukan later collected the individual chapters into five bound volumes from March 1995 to June 1996. Viz Media licensed the series for an English-language release in North America and published five volumes from July 2005 to July 2006.
Story
Mimori Kosaka is accepted into Meidai Attached High School, which is her dream school because of its fashionable uniforms. Mimori dreams of being cute and feminine and finding a boyfriend in high school. Although Mimori looks forward to enjoying her first year of high school, things do not go as planned. After befriending a girl named Nana, Mimori reunites with her childhood friend, Haruta. However, instead of being friendly towards Mimori, Haruta is seeking revenge against her. A love triangle also develops when Nana falls in love with Kazukita Kuniyasu, who is in love with Mimori. As Mimori only likes Haruta, things get complicated.
Characters
The heroine of the story and a classmate of Haruta Atsushi in elementary school. She fell in love with Haruta when they reunited in high school.
The hero of the story and a classmate of Mimori when they were in elementary school. He was known as 'Haru-chan' in elementary school since he looked like a girl back then. He also developed feelings for Mimori. Haruta becomes jealous when another boy gives Mimori his button at their graduation ceremony, and he believes he was betrayed by Mimori. After that, Haruta became a delinquent and changed his look after being "rejected" by Mimori. It is hinted that he likes Mimori because when she cuts her finger and Kuniyasu sucks her finger to relieve her pain, he gets mad at him.
Mimori's first friend in high school. She has been a very popular girl amongst the boys in school since junior high. She is madly in love with Kuniyasu and once dated a college student.
A brainy and popular student who is also a playboy. Mimori is the first girl that he had actually fallen in love with, and he tries everything to make Mimori like him.
A friend of Kuniyasu since junior high. He is in love with Nana and tries very hard to win her heart.
Volumes
References
External links
Tokyo Boys & Girls at Viz Media
1994 manga
Comedy anime and manga
Romance anime and manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōjo manga
Viz Media manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo%20Boys%20%26%20Girls |
Longbranch is an unincorporated community and census-designated places in Pierce County, Washington, United States. It is located on the Key Peninsula, along Filucy Bay between Pitt Passage and Balch Passage. Longbranch is primarily residential (like nearby Home and Lakebay) and includes a marina, church, and community centre.
The community was named after Long Branch, New Jersey.
History
In 1934, Longbranch was linked by ferry service with Steilacoom, Anderson and McNeil islands. The ferry continues in operation, but no longer connects to Longbranch.
References
External links
Census-designated places in Pierce County, Washington
Census-designated places in Washington (state)
Unincorporated communities in Pierce County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longbranch%2C%20Washington |
Buffalo Girls is a 1990 novel written by American author Larry McMurtry about Calamity Jane. It is written in the novel prose style mixed with a series of letters from Calamity Jane to her daughter. In her letters, Calamity describes herself as being a drunken hellraiser but never an outlaw. Her letters also describe her larger-than-life cohorts.
McMurtry depicts gritty events and relationships in the life of fur trappers, cowboys, soldiers, prostitutes, and Indians as the Wild West fades away, changing their way of life. The characters struggle, and many fail, to adapt to the settling of the West. In an effort to adapt and relive the Wild West, many of the characters, along with Calamity Jane, resort to performing in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West show. They exploit and are exploited by their frontier lifestyle, before being defeated by it in the end.
Film adaptation
Buffalo Girls was later the basis for the 1995 CBS made-for-TV movie starring Anjelica Huston as Calamity Jane and Melanie Griffith as Dora DuFran. Wild Bill Hickok was played by Sam Elliott, Annie Oakley by Reba McEntire, and Buffalo Bill Cody by Peter Coyote. The film also included Gabriel Byrne, Tracey Walter, Floyd Red Crow Westerman, Jack Palance, Russell Means (as Sitting Bull), and John Diehl (as George Armstrong Custer).
Some filming took place in Bristol Zoo and Bath.
References
1990 American novels
Novels by Larry McMurtry
American novels adapted into films
American novels adapted into television shows
Western (genre) novels
Wild West shows
Films about Wild West shows
Cultural depictions of Calamity Jane
Cultural depictions of Buffalo Bill
Cultural depictions of Sitting Bull
Cultural depictions of Annie Oakley
Cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok
Cultural depictions of George Armstrong Custer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Girls |
"Twist" is a song by English electronic music duo Goldfrapp from their second studio album, Black Cherry (2003). It was released on 3 November 2003 as the album's third single. The song received positive reviews from music critics and was a minor success in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart. In the United States, the single reached number 18 on Billboards Hot Dance Singles Sales chart.
In an interview with New Beats, Alison Goldfrapp described the genesis of the song:
It's a sort of sexual fantasy that I had about a boy who worked at the fairground, who I lusted after. He was in control and I wasn't cause I was sat on the waltzer and he was the one that was spinning it around and—I don't know—it's sort of lust, adolescent, awakening, smells and noise and dirt. That's what "Twist" is about.
Track listings
CD1
"Twist" (Single Mix) – 3:33
"Yes Sir" – 3:57
"Deer Stop" (Live at Somerset House)* – 4:20
CD2
"Twist" (Jacques Lu Cont's Conversion Perversion Mix) – 6:48
"Forever" (Mountaineers Remix) – 3:54
"Twist" (Dimitri Tikovoï Remix) – 6:30
DVD single
"Twist" (Live in London – Short film feat. Interview)
"Train" (Live in London)* – 5:10
"Strict Machine" (Live in London)* – 4:55
Digital single (2018)
"Twist" (Single Mix) – 3:31
"Yes Sir" – 3:57
"Deer Stop" (Live at Somerset House)* – 4:20
"Train" (Live in London)* – 5:10
"Strict Machine" (Live at Somerset House)* – 4:55
"Twist" (Jacques Lu Cont's Conversion Perversion Mix) – 6:46
"Twist" (Jacques Lu Cont's Conversion Perversion Dub) – 6:43
"Yes Sir" (Extended Mix) – 8:31
"Forever" (Mountaineers Remix) – 3:52
"Twist" (Dimitri Tikovoï Remix) – 6:30
*Recorded at Somerset House, 13 July 2003.
Charts
References
2003 singles
2003 songs
Goldfrapp songs
Mute Records singles
Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp
Songs written by Will Gregory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twist%20%28Goldfrapp%20song%29 |
Barnsley Town Hall is the seat of local government in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. It is a Grade II listed building.
Building
Design and construction
The site selected for the new building in Church Street had previously been occupied by a row of domestic properties. The foundation stone for the building was laid by Councillor Robert Plummer, a former mayor, on 21 April 1932. The facility, which was designed by Sir Arnold Thornely in the classical style and built of Portland stone at a cost of was £148,697, was officially opened by the Prince of Wales on 14 December 1933. The design included a large Corinthian distyle with pilasters on the first and second floors of the building as well as a high three-stage reducing central tower.
George Orwell, in his book The Road to Wigan Pier, was highly critical of this expenditure, and said that the council should have spent the money on improving the housing and living conditions of the local miners.
Museum
In June 2013, Experience Barnsley, a museum dedicated to the history of the town and its people, which had previously been based in the old Central Library, moved into a part of the town hall which had been designated the "Experience Barnsley Museum and Discovery Centre". Exhibits put on display include a 5,000 year old axe head which was found at the Scout Dyke Reservoir near Penistone in the 1920s.
Adjacent to the building
War memorial
The war memorial in front of the building, which predates the town hall, was sculpted by John Tweed and was unveiled at a ceremony attended by General Sir Charles Harington on 11 October 1925.
Barnsley Pals Centenary Square
In September 2013 the Earl of Wessex, officially opened the Barnsley Pals Centenary Square on the south side of the town hall, which commemorates the lives of the Barnsley Pals who died in the First World War.
Visitors
Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh, visited the town hall and signed the visitors' book on 27 October 1954; the Royal Standard was flown from the mast on the central tower of the town hall during her visit.
See also
Listed buildings in Barnsley (Central Ward)
References
External links
Experience Barnsley
Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council
Government buildings completed in 1933
Buildings and structures in Barnsley
City and town halls in South Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsley%20Town%20Hall |
Robert Randall Thomas (born August 7, 1952) is a former justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois and a former professional football player. He has served as the Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the Second District since December 4, 2000, and as chief justice from September 6, 2005 to September 5, 2008. His political affiliation is Republican.
Early life and education
Born in Rochester, New York, Thomas graduated from McQuaid Jesuit High School in Rochester, where he excelled both academically and in athletics, lettering in both football and soccer.
He attended the University of Notre Dame where he kicked for the football team, including kicking the winning field goal in the 1973 Sugar Bowl victory over University of Alabama, which clinched the AP National Championship that season for Notre Dame. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Government in 1974 and was named an Academic All-American in that same year.
He received his Juris Doctor degree from Loyola University Chicago School of Law in 1981.
Athletic career
Thomas had a twelve-year career as a kicker in the National Football League.
He played for the Chicago Bears (– and –), the Detroit Lions (1982), the San Diego Chargers (), and the New York Giants ().
Legal career
He was elected circuit court judge in DuPage County in 1988. There, he presided over civil jury trials and was the Acting Chief Judge from 1989 to 1994. In 1994, Judge Thomas was elected to the Illinois Appellate Court, Second District. On December 4, 2000, Justice Thomas was sworn in as the Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the Second District after defeating incumbent S. Louis Rathje in a contentious primary. Justice Thomas was elected to serve as Illinois Supreme Court Chief Justice on September 6, 2005, and served as the Chief Justice until September 5, 2008. In February 2020, he announced he would be resigned from the Supreme Court effective February 29.
Ruling on Rahm Emanuel ballot eligibility
On January 1, 2011, Justice Thomas authored the Illinois State Supreme Court decision Maksym v. Chicago Board of Elections that overturned a lower court ruling that Rahm Emanuel was ineligible to run for Mayor of Chicago.
Honors and awards
In April 1996, Thomas was inducted into the Academic All-American Hall of Fame. In January 1999, he received the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award.
Justice Thomas is a member of the DuPage County Bar Association.
Defamation of character lawsuit
In 2007, Justice Thomas was awarded $7 million in a successful defamation of character lawsuit against Bill Page, a former columnist at the Kane County Chronicle. Thomas' lawyers alleged that Page had essentially accused him of official misconduct, a felony. Page wrote in his column that Thomas had traded his vote on a disciplinary case in exchange for political support for his favored candidate in a local judicial race. The case was significant because it prompted an Illinois appellate court to establish a judicial privilege in Illinois, allowing judicial deliberations to be kept private, much like doctor-patient discussions.
Later in 2007, after the newspaper filed suit against Thomas in federal court, the parties came together and settled all litigation, with the newspaper agreeing to pay Thomas $3 million.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
American athlete-politicians
American football placekickers
Chicago Bears players
Detroit Lions players
New York Giants players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
San Diego Chargers players
Chief Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
Illinois Republicans
Illinois state court judges
Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
Judges of the Illinois Appellate Court
Loyola University Chicago School of Law alumni
Players of American football from Rochester, New York
21st-century American judges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20R.%20Thomas |
The North County Times was a local newspaper in San Diego's North County. It was headquartered in Escondido. The final publisher was Peter York.
History
The newspaper was formed in 1995 from the merger of the North County Blade-Citizen of Oceanside (founded 1929) and the Escondido Times-Advocate (founded 1909) by Howard Publications. Beginning in 1997, the Times also published The Californian in Temecula, located in southwest Riverside County. The newspaper was published with three local editions including The Californian. Lee Enterprises acquired Howard in 2002.
From 2008 through 2011, the paper laid off dozens of staff members, including at least a third of its editorial/newsroom staff.
Doug Manchester, owner of U-T San Diego (known as The San Diego Union-Tribune after 2015), bought the North County Times from Lee Enterprises in September 2012 for just under $12 million. One third of the staff was laid off. Subsequently, the print edition of the newspaper was folded into the U-T and called U-T North County Times, which is an edition of U-T San Diego and combines North County-specific content with features and columns from the U-T. The North County Times headquarters in Escondido were sold to the Classical Academy charter school.
On March 7, 2013, the separate U-T North County Times name was dropped and a U-T North County edition produced which further integrates U-T with North County-specific pages, while eliminating differences between the two. Previously both the U-T North County Times and the regular U-T were sold side by side at newsstands. Californian readers were merged into the U-T Californian, which includes a front section of Southwest Riverside County-specific content with the remaining content from the U-T North County edition. As of May 28, 2013, publication of the U-T Californian was terminated, and it was also reported that the distinct content of the North County edition was being de-emphasized. In January 2013, U-T San Diego took the archives of the North County Times offline; since then finding North County Times articles has been "hit or miss at best, mostly miss", according to the San Diego Reader. The Georgina Cole branch of the Carlsbad City Library keeps microfiche copies of the North County Times covering January 1, 1996 to November 30, 2012 that are publicly available to view and scan.
References
External links
North County Times
North County Times mobile version
Defunct newspapers published in California
Mass media in Riverside County, California
Mass media in San Diego County, California
North County (San Diego County)
Escondido, California
1995 establishments in California
2012 disestablishments in California
Economy of Riverside County, California
Economy of San Diego County, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20County%20Times |
Barenaked in America is a 1999 documentary film about the Canadian band Barenaked Ladies filmed during the 1998-1999 Stunt tour. Directed by actor Jason Priestley, the film was first shown at the Toronto International Film Festival. The band and director introduced the film at the Winter Garden theatre.
Barenaked in America was originally released in the United States through a distribution deal with Blockbuster Video, and was available only for rental in VHS format. Blockbuster put many of its remaining copies on the sale rack, in an effort to eliminate its inventory, after their exclusive deal had expired.
Barenaked in America has since been released on DVD in territories outside of North America, and has run on premium movie channels in the US. However, due to a rights issue, the film was not released for sale in the U.S. until on June 1, 2018, the band announced that a 20th Anniversary Edition of Stunt would be released in September that would include a CD/DVD package featuring including Barenaked in America.
Concert
Songs
Concert recorded at Marine Midland Arena on October 9, 1998
"It's All Been Done"
"Who Needs Sleep?"
"Straw Hat and Old Dirty Hank"
"Alcohol"
"Call and Answer"
"Some Fantastic"
"One Week"
"Break Your Heart"
"The Old Apartment"
"Brian Wilson"
Credits ("If I Had $1000000")
Personnel
Jim Creeggan - double and electric bass, vocals
Kevin Hearn - keyboards, electric guitar
Steven Page - vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, flute
Ed Robertson - acoustic and electric guitars, vocals
Tyler Stewart - drums
Chris Brown - organ, piano, cowbell
Rob Menegoni - percussion
See also
Stunt
References
External links
Barenaked Ladies
1999 films
Rockumentaries
1990s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barenaked%20in%20America |
Trinidad is an unincorporated community and ghost town in Grant County, Washington. The town is located between Quincy and Wenatchee atop a ridge overlooking the Columbia River. At an elevation of , Trinidad appears on both the Babcock Ridge and West Bar United States Geological Survey maps.
Trinidad was originally a railroad stop and was named by workers for the Great Northern Railway due to its geological and physical similarity to Trinidad, Colorado. Trinidad is located on the border with Douglas County, directly above the Crescent Bar Resort on the Columbia River. Though previously a ghost town, Trinidad has become a more popular location for new residential structures. The White Heron Cellars winery has been located above Trinidad since 1989.
References
Unincorporated communities in Grant County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Ghost towns in Grant County, Washington
Ghost towns in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad%2C%20Washington |
Robin Weigert (born July 7, 1969) is an American television and film actress. She is best known for portraying Calamity Jane on the television series Deadwood (2004–2006), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2004, Ally Lowen in Sons of Anarchy (2010–2013), Dr. Amanda Reisman in Big Little Lies (2017-2019), and Abby in Concussion (2013).
Early life and education
Weigert was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Dionne Laufman and Berlin-born Wolfgang Oscar Weigert, a psychiatrist. She is Jewish. After graduating from Brandeis University in 1991, Weigert attended New York University, earning a Master of Fine Arts degree in the Graduate Acting Program at the Tisch School of the Arts.
Career
After a decade as a stage actress based in New York City, she moved to Los Angeles and has appeared in various films, television shows and mini-series.
Her theatre work includes Broadway productions of Twelfth Night directed by Nicholas Hytner; and Michael Frayn’s Noises Off. In the 2010 Signature Theater Company revival of Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, directed by Michael Greif, her performance as the Angel was praised as ‘full of tenderness and wit’ by USA Today. Other theatre credits include Pride's Crossing, A Place at the Table, Hamlet, Arms and the Man, Goodnight Children Everywhere, The Seagull, Madame Melville (Drama Desk and Lucille Lortel Award nominations), as well as Jon Robin Baitz's Other Desert Cities at the Mark Taper Forum in 2012, directed by Robert Egan.
Weigert is best known for her much-lauded portrayal of Calamity Jane in the HBO television series Deadwood, which ran from 2004 to 2006. In 2004, Weigert was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role. In 2006, she won Hollywood Life magazine's "Breakthrough of the Year" award. In 2019 she reprised the role in Deadwood: The Movie, which was nominated for 8 Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Television Movie.
In 2010 she joined the cast of the FX drama Sons of Anarchy as the motorcycle club's lawyer. In 2014, she played a recurring role as Erica Gradishar on the NBC series Chicago P.D. Beginning in 2017, she appeared on the HBO series Big Little Lies as Dr. Amanda Reisman, sharing scenes with Alexander Skarsgård and Nicole Kidman. She has also appeared in Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk's anthology FX series American Horror Story.
Bibliography
The Whip (2012, as audiobook narrator)
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1969 births
American film actresses
American television actresses
Brandeis University alumni
Jewish American actresses
Living people
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Actresses from Washington, D.C.
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American people of German-Jewish descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Weigert |
Rhododendron tomentosum (syn. Ledum palustre), commonly known as marsh Labrador tea, northern Labrador tea or wild rosemary, is a flowering plant in the subsection Ledum of the large genus Rhododendron in the family Ericaceae.
Description
It is a low shrub growing to 50 cm (rarely up to 120 cm) tall with evergreen leaves 12–50 mm long and 2–12 mm broad. The flowers are small, with a five-lobed white corolla, and produced several together in a corymb 3–5 cm diameter. They emit strong smell to attract bees and other pollinating insects.
Distribution and habitat
It grows in northern latitudes in North America, Greenland, Canada, and Alaska, in Europe in the northern and central parts, and in Asia south to northern China, Korea and Japan. It grows in peaty soils, shrubby areas, moss and lichen tundra.
Chemical compounds
All parts of the plant contain poisonous terpenes that affect the central nervous system. First symptoms of overdose are dizziness and disturbances in movement, followed by spasms, nausea, and unconsciousness. Among the plant's terpenes is ledol a cyclic alcohol with deliriant effects, although poisonous in large doses.
Similar species
This species is not to be confused with the traditionally-used one Rhododendron groenlandicum, found throughout Northern North America.
Uses
Herbal medicine
Rhododendron tomentosum is used in herbalism to make an herbal tea called "Labrador tea". Some schools of homeopathy consider Rhododendron tomentosum to be a specific remedy for puncture wounds produced by sharp-pointed objects or bites. However, no objective material benefit has ever been documented in any properly controlled study to date.
Other uses
Marsh Labrador tea has traditionally been used as a gruit in brewing beer in the Middle Ages. Due to its strong fragrance, it has also formerly been used as a natural deterrent against clothes moths, also mosquitos and bugs in general, in Scandinavia and in Eastern Europe.
References
External links
Flora of China: Ledum palustre
USDA PLANTS database: Ledum palustre
Den virtuella floran: Distribution
tomentosum
Herbal tea
Medicinal plants
Flora of Japan
Flora of Korea
Flora of Norway
Flora of Germany
Flora of Russia
Flora of Northern America
Flora of Greenland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhododendron%20tomentosum |
Eugene Ehrlich (21 May 1922 – 5 April 2008) was a lexicographer and author.
He was a member of the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, where he taught in the Department of General Studies. A reading specialist, he prepared generations of adult students for the rigors of university work after years of absence from any academic setting. His books about language are very well regarded for their clarity and humor and were introduced by such word luminaries as William F. Buckley, Richard Lederer, and Noah Adams, who also featured Mr. Ehrlich's language commentary on his public radio broadcasts. William Safire occasionally cited Mr. Ehrlich in his writing on language.
He was quoted as saying that his higher mission was "being the antidote to the 'effects wrought by the forces of linguistic darkness.'”
Biography
Eugene Ehrlich was born in New York City in 1922. He attended CCNY before service in the United States Army during World War II. Trained to interrogate prisoners in Europe at the Army's language school at Boston College, as well as eight weeks of training at Camp Ritchie he was reassigned to the Pacific suddenly because events in France were developing too rapidly. He received crash training in Japanese, which he used in the Philippines, New Guinea, and occupied Japan. After the War, he did graduate work at Columbia Teachers College, taught at Fairleigh Dickinson University, and began work as a consultant to industry at Bell Laboratories, where his precise use of language helped scientists and engineers describe and communicate their discoveries. He later worked at Norden Aircraft, Sikorsky, Loral Aerospace and many others where he helped prepare contract proposals for vast government contracts.
He married Norma Solway in 1948. He has 4 children: Anne Ehrlich physician, Henry Ehrlich writer, Richard Ehrlich writer, and Jonathan Ehrlich attorney. He has 10 grandchildren. Eugene Ehrlich died on April 5, 2008, at home in Mamaroneck, New York
Books by Ehrlich
This list is incomplete.
The Highly Selective Dictionary for the Extraordinarily Literate
The Highly Selective Thesaurus for the Extraordinarily Literate (1994)
The Highly Selective Dictionary of Golden Adjectives for the Extraordinarily Literate
The International Thesaurus of Quotations
Choose the Right Word
Amo, Amas, Amat and More
Les Bons Mots: How to Amaze Tout le Monde with Everyday French
The Art of Technical Writing
How to Study Better and Get Higher Marks
Oxford American Dictionary
Veni, Vidi, Vici: Conquer Your Enemies, Impress Your Friends with Everyday Latin
NBC Handbook of Pronunciation
Writing and researching term papers and reports: A new guide for students
What's in a Name?: How Proper Names Became Everyday Words
Collins Gem Thesaurus
References
Eugene Ehrlich, 85, Word Connoisseur, Dies (Douglas Martin, New York Times, 15 April 2008)
American lexicographers
1922 births
2008 deaths
Ritchie Boys
20th-century lexicographers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Ehrlich |
The men's luge at the 2006 Winter Olympics began on February 11, and was completed on February 12 at Cesana Pariol.
Results
The men's singles luge event was run over two days, with the first two runs on February 11, and the second two runs on February 12. The total time was the combined time of all four runs.
References
Men
Men's events at the 2006 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luge%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles |
Charles E. Freeman (December 12, 1933 – March 2, 2020) was an American attorney who served as a justice of the Illinois Supreme Court. He was elected to the position on November 6, 1990, becoming its first African-American justice. He served as chief justice from May 12, 1997, to January 1, 2000. He retired from the court on June 14, 2018.
Early life, family and education
Freeman was born in Richmond, Virginia. Freeman received his undergraduate degree from Virginia Union University in 1954 and J.D. degree from the John Marshall Law School in Chicago in 1962.
Career
Illinois Governor Otto Kerner appointed Freeman to the Illinois Industrial Commission in January 1965 as an arbitrator. Freeman heard thousands of work-related injury cases. In September 1973 Governor Dan Walker named Freeman to the Illinois Commerce Commission, a rate regulatory agency with power over telephone, electricity and gas companies. Freeman worked on the commission until December 1976.
Freeman also conducted a general law practice from 1962 until 1976, when he was elected to the Cook County Circuit Court. He served ten years on the court and swore in Harold Washington, a personal friend, as Mayor of Chicago. Freeman was a member of several bar associations and professional judiciary societies, and has won a number of awards throughout his career.
From his re-election in 2002, Freeman ranked as the senior member of the Illinois Supreme Court until his retirement in 2018. While on the court he showed particular interest in administrative reform and prosecutorial misconduct cases.
Personal life
Freeman was married to his wife, Marylee, until her death in 2013. They have one son, an attorney, and two grandchildren. Freeman died on March 2, 2020, in Chicago. He was 86.
See also
List of African-American jurists
References
External links
Charles E. Freeman at Illinois Supreme Court
1933 births
2020 deaths
Illinois state court judges
Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
African-American judges
African-American people in Illinois politics
University of Illinois Chicago School of Law alumni
Virginia Union University alumni
Illinois Democrats
Lawyers from Chicago
Lawyers from Richmond, Virginia
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20E.%20Freeman |
Paul Tannery (20 December 1843 – 27 November 1904) was a French mathematician and historian of mathematics. He was the older brother of mathematician Jules Tannery, to whose Notions Mathématiques he contributed an historical chapter. Though Tannery's career was in the tobacco industry, he devoted his evenings and his life to the study of mathematicians and mathematical development.
Life and career
Tannery was born in Mantes-la-Jolie on 20 December 1843, to a deeply Catholic family. He attended private school in Mantes, followed by the Lycées in Le Mans and Caen. He then entered the École Polytechnique, on whose entrance exam he excelled. His curriculum included mathematics, the sciences, and the classics, all of which would be represented in his future academic work. Tannery's life of public service began as he then entered the École d'Applications des Tabacs as an apprentice engineer.
As an assistant engineer, Tannery spent two years in the state tobacco factory at Lille. In 1867, he moved to Paris; three years later, he served as an artillery captain in the Franco-Prussian War. Biographies of Tannery describe him as an ardent patriot and claim that he never fully accepted the humiliating Treaty of Frankfurt.
After his graduation from the École Polytechnique, Tannery had become interested in Auguste Comte and his positivist philosophy. After the war, his interest in mathematics continued, and Comte's ideas would influence his approach to the study of the history of science. Tannery moved several times with his career in the tobacco industry: to Périgord in 1872, to Bordeaux in 1874, to Le Havre in 1877, and to Paris in 1883. Bordeaux had something of an intellectual atmosphere, and though Tannery moved to Le Havre (near his parents, who lived at Caen) at his own request, he would also directly request the move to Paris, where his research and academic pursuits would be able to flourish.
It was in Paris that Tannery took on his first two major editorial works. In 1883, he began an edition of Diophantus's manuscripts, and in 1885, he and Charles Henry began an edition of one of Fermat's works. This work was made possible by access to the Bibliothèque Nationale, and so Tannery had to reduce his efforts in 1886 when he was transferred to Tonneins. Even without access to the Bibliothèque, Tannery remained hard at work, however, as he published two books composed of articles he had been writing for the Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger and for the Bulletin de sciences mathematiques.
In 1888, Tannery moved back to Bordeaux, where he studied Greek astronomy and directed the tobacco factory. Two years later, he was back in Paris; he would remain near Paris until his death. Despite a heavy professional workload, he continued to be productive in his work in the history of science. His editions of Diophantus and Fermat were published, along with over 250 articles. From 1890 forward, Tannery's other major work focused on a new edition of Descartes's works and correspondence, on which he collaborated with Charles Adam, an historian of modern philosophy.
Scandal arose in 1903 when the Collège de France began a search for a new professor of the history of science. Tannery was considered something of a shoo-in; he even began writing his inaugural lecture. Instead, the position went to Grégoire Wyrouboff, who concentrated on modern mathematicians instead of Tannery's classical and seventeenth-century idols. Wyrouboff was also a freethinker, an asset to the secularist Third Republic, while Tannery was Catholic.
Tannery died soon thereafter, on 27 November 1904, in Pantin, just outside Paris. His wife, Marie, would survive until 1945, and she published several of his works posthumously, helping to ensure that his legacy would live on.
He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1904 in Heidelberg.
Works
Pour l'histoire de la science hellène, Paris, Félix Alcan, 1887 (réimpr. Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1930)
Recherches sur l'histoire de l'astronomie ancienne, Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1893
Diophantus alexandrinus. Opera Omnia, 2 vol., Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1893-1895
Œuvres de Fermat, (with Charles Henry), 5 Volumes, Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1891-1922.
Œuvres de Descartes, (with Charles Adam), Paris, Léopold Cerf, 1897-1909 (2 supplements in 1910 and 1913).
Mémoires scientifiques (17 vol., Toulouse, Édouard Privat, Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1912-1950) :
Sciences exactes dans l'Antiquité (Volumes I-III),
Sciences exactes chez les byzantins (Volume IV),
Sciences exactes au Moyen Âge (Volume V),
Sciences modernes (Volume VI),
Philosophie antique (Volume VII),
Philosophie moderne (Volume VIII),
Philologie (Volume IX),
Généralités historiques (Volume X),
Comptes rendus et analyses (Volumes XI-XII),
Correspondance (Volumes XIII-XVI),
Biographie, Bibliographie, compléments et tables, (Volume XVII).
See also
George Johnston Allman
C. A. Bretschneider
Moritz Cantor
J. G. Friedlein
James Gow
Siegmund Günther
Hermann Hankel
J. L. Heiberg
Friedrich Hultsch
Gino Loria
Maximilien Marie
J. H. T. Müller
G. H. F. Nesselmann
Franz Susemihl
Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen
References
Further reading
(French)
(French)
1843 births
1904 deaths
Amateur mathematicians
French historians of mathematics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Tannery |
John Glenister (born 12 October 1932) is a retired English television director. His credits included The Six Wives of Henry VIII, Emma, Rumpole of the Bailey, Play for Today, Dennis Potter's 1971 biopic of Casanova, A Touch of Frost, Alan Plater's On Your Way, Riley, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates and A Bit of a Do.
Glenister's sons, Robert Glenister (born 1960) and Philip Glenister (born 1963), became successful actors.
References
External links
1932 births
Living people
British television directors
Glenister acting family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Glenister |
Rafael Augusto Sóbis do Nascimento (born 17 June 1985) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.
Before joining Ceará, Sóbis played for Internacional, Real Betis, Al-Jazira, Fluminense and Tigres UANL. He won the Copa Libertadores with Internacional, and was a runner-up with Tigres in 2015.
Sóbis also represented the Brazil national team, winning a bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics.
Club career
Internacional
Born in Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, he started in the youth categories of Internacional, known only as Rafael. Inter's president at the time, Fernando Carvalho, suggested the change to only Sobis, his maternal surname of Ukrainian origins, because it could be more attractive for the European leagues, where the boy could get dual citizenship.
He went to the main team in 2004 and quickly won a place in it, being known by his name along the surname (with acute accent), Rafael Sóbis. Sóbis scored 19 goals in 35 matches in the 2005 season at the age of 19. In the following year, he was one of the main players in the Internacional squad that finished the Brazilian League in second place, and was selected by the CBF to play in the all star team at the end of the season. The 2006 season started slowly for him, as he fought against a series of injuries. He eventually recovered his place in the first team and helped Internacional secure the Copa Libertadores title; scoring twice in the first-leg of the final match against São Paulo.
Real Betis
Sóbis signed for Real Betis in August 2006 for €9 million, (R$21.8 million) putting pen to paper on an 8-year contract, a length reminiscent to that of fellow Brazilian international Denílson. Internacional only received 25% of the fee and the rest belong to other parties. Among 25% of Inter, R$272,500 was further deducted as agent fee. He was officially unveiled to the press on 8 September and made his Real Betis and La Liga debut against Athletic Bilbao two days later at the Manuel Ruiz de Lopera stadium, a game his team won 3–0.
Sóbis scored his first goals against city rivals Sevilla on 17 September, a match that Betis eventually lost 3–2. He also managed to score important goals against Celta de Vigo, a debut game for then newly appointed coach Luis Fernández. Ligament damage sustained in a game against RCD Mallorca meant that he missed a month of action. Sóbis' major contribution to the 2006–07 season was his late equaliser against Barcelona at the Camp Nou, assisted by fellow Brazilian Marcos Assunção.
He began his second season with Betis strongly, scoring three goals in his first six games, against Valencia CF, RCD Mallorca and 2007 UEFA Cup finalists RCD Espanyol but once again the Brazilian's form dipped. Betis received an offer of €10 million from English Premier League club Newcastle United for Sóbis in July 2008.
Al-Jazira
On 2 September 2008, Sóbis joined UAE side Al-Jazira for €10 million.
Second spell at Inter
In July 2010, Sóbis returned to Internacional on loan for one year to play the Copa Libertadores. On 18 August, they defeated Chivas Guadalajara in the 2010 Copa Libertadores final with Sóbis scoring their first goal in their 3–2 win. He hurt his arm while scoring the goal by falling over it, and had to be replaced later on by Leandro Damião, who also ended up scoring a goal during the match. After the loan ended, Internacional did not use the buy option, due to his injuries and high price, and he returned to the Middle East.
Fluminense
On 21 July 2011, Fluminense announced three signings at the club's 109th birthday: Sóbis and Argentinian midfielders Alejandro Martinuccio and Manuel Lanzini. He reunited with manager Abel Braga at the carioca club, having been his player at Inter and Al-Jazira. Despite scepticism from fans and press because of his injury history, Sóbis went on to play an important role at the team's title run and ultimate 3rd-place finish in 2011 Série A, scoring 10 goals in 26 games.
After one year playing on loan from Al-Jazira, Fluminense bought Sóbis' economic rights for R$8.75 million in July 2012, with him signing a three-year contract. The Tricolor ended that season winning the national championship.
On 24 December 2014, he left Fluminense by mutual consent.
Tigres UANL
Four days after leaving Fluminense, Sóbis joined Mexican side Tigres UANL for the Clausura 2015 season. He became champion of the Apertura 2015 season of Liga MX and runner-up of the 2015 Copa Libertadores.
Cruzeiro
On 23 June 2016, Sóbis signed for Cruzeiro until 2019, joining a day after Argentine striker Ramón Ábila. Sóbis went on to become an important part of the team's 11, playing as a winger and as a central striker. Cruzeiro's supporters embraced the player's grit and determination, specially during important matches and derbies, during which Rafael Sóbis shown to rise to the occasion. The player's samurai haircut or Viking style was also referenced and copied by supporters during the first half of 2017.
Back to Internacional
On 5 January 2019, Sóbis joined Internacional for the third time, on a one-year contract.
Ceará
In January 2020, Sóbis joined Ceará on a one-year contract, being their sixth signing for the season. He went on to play well at that year State League and Copa do Nordeste, but his performances declined when playing in Série A.
Return to Cruzeiro and retirement
In November 2020, Sóbis rejoined Cruzeiro until the end of the 2021 season. He reportedly returned to help the Minas Gerais team to overcome their financial difficulties and relegation to Série B.
Sobis then retired at the end of his contract, being a fan favourite throughout his two spells at the club.
International career
Sóbis made his debut for Brazil on 3 September 2006 against Argentina at the Emirates Stadium in London; Brazil won the match 3–0 with Sóbis making his appearance as last-minute substitute for Robinho. He scored his first Brazil's goal in an unofficial friendly match against Kuwaiti club Al Kuwait on 7 October 2006.
He won a bronze medal with the Brazil U-23 team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China. As a substitute in the group stage against New Zealand, he concluded a 5–0 win from Lucas Leiva's pass.
Style of play
A dynamic forward, Sóbis often plays a creative role due his intelligence on the pitch, mobility, vision and passing, features that make him effective at creating chances to provide assists for teammates. Although his favored position is that of a supporting striker, he is capable to play as a winger and lone striker. Under coach Ricardo Ferretti, Sóbis played a versatile role as he was deployed as a striker in the Tigres' 4–4–2 formation, second striker in 4–4–1–1 and as a central attacking midfielder in 4–2–3–1. A right-footed accurate set-piece taker, he is also capable to pass, cross and finish with the left.
Career statistics
Honours
Internacional
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2011
Copa Libertadores: 2006, 2010
Fluminense
Campeonato Carioca: 2012
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2012
Cruzeiro
Campeonato Mineiro: 2018
Copa do Brasil: 2017, 2018
UANL
Liga MX: Apertura 2015
Copa Libertadores runner-up: 2015
Concacaf Champions Leaguerunner-up: 2015–16
Brazil
Olympic Games Bronze medal: 2008
Individual
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2005
Copa do Brasil top scorer: 2017
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
People from Erechim
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian people of Ukrainian descent
Men's association football forwards
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Copa Libertadores-winning players
Sport Club Internacional players
Fluminense FC players
Ceará Sporting Club players
La Liga players
Real Betis players
Al Jazira Club players
Tigres UANL footballers
Brazil men's youth international footballers
Brazil men's under-20 international footballers
Brazil men's international footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Brazil
Olympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Olympic medalists in football
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Liga MX players
UAE Pro League players
Footballers from Rio Grande do Sul | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael%20S%C3%B3bis |
Adriana Fonseca (; born Adriana Fonseca Castellanos March 16, 1979) is a Mexican actress and dancer. She is best known for her roles in Televisa's telenovelas like La usurpadora as Veronica Soriano (1998), Rosalinda as Lucy Pérez Romero (1999), Mariana de la Noche as Caridad "Chachi" Montenegro (2003), Contra viento y marea as Sandra Serrano Rudell (2005), Bajo las riendas del amor as Montserrat Linares (2007) and for her role as the protagonist in Telemundo's successful telenovela Corazón Valiente as Angela Valdez (2012).
Biography
Fonseca was born on March 16, 1979, in Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. She is the daughter of dentists Hugo Fonseca and Guillermina Castellanos. She has one brother Hugo and one sister Jacqueline. She started her acting career by performing in a local television show. At 16, she was accepted into the C.E.A. (Centro de Education Artistica) in Mexico. After winning the award in the "El rostro de El Heraldo de México" competition in 1997, she participated in the soap opera La usurpadora. Fonseca had a lead role in the soap opera Rosalinda playing the little sister of Rosalinda, Lucy.
She has joined Telemundo network and she successfully played her main protagonist role in Corazón Valiente, alongside Ximena Duque, Aylin Mujica and José Luis Reséndez.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
Premios TVyNovelas
Premios People en Español
References
External links
Adriana Fonseca at the Mexican Telenovela Database
Biography of Adriana Fonseca at the esmas
Official Site for Adriana Fonseca
1979 births
Living people
Mexican television actresses
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican film actresses
Mexican stage actresses
Actresses from Veracruz
20th-century Mexican actresses
21st-century Mexican actresses
Naturalized citizens of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana%20Fonseca |
Leonard James Burt, CVO, CBE (1892–1983) was a British police officer involved in several high-profile cases and investigations.
Life
Burt was born on 20 April 1892 in Totton in Hampshire the son of Charles Richard Burt and his wife Sarah Mary Sparks. Leonard joined the London Metropolitan Police in 1912.
In May 1938, Suffolk businessman William Murfitt was murdered by poisoning at his home in Risby, Suffolk. Burt was one of a pair of detectives sent from Scotland Yard to investigate the sensational murder. However, the killer was never caught, although the case was solved 60 years later by investigative journalist David Williams.
On 16 June 1945, as a Commander in the Metropolitan Police Special Branch, Burt was assigned to accompany two war-time traitors, John Amery and William Joyce (also known as "Lord Haw-Haw") back to London to be tried for treason, after their capture in Germany. They were flown back in a Douglas Dakota with three armed troops as escort.
On 2 February 1950, Burt arrested German atomic spy Klaus Fuchs, who was charged under the Official Secrets Act with espionage for passing British and American atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. Burt was also involved in the investigations into other spies such as Alan Nunn May.
Burt wrote an autobiography entitled Commander Burt of Scotland Yard, published in 1959. He died in Fulham on 3 September 1983.
Family
In 1917 he married Grace Airey.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Williams, David John. Poison Farm: A Murderer Unmasked After 60 Years. Thorogood Publishing, 2005.
Stephen's Study Room: British Military & Criminal History in the period 1900 to 1999 - Klaus Fuchs
Love and treachery, The Daily Telegraph, 9 May 2005
1892 births
1983 deaths
Metropolitan Police chief officers
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Burt |
The interphalangeal joints of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand.
There are two sets in each finger (except in the thumb, which has only one joint):
"proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIJ or PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges
"distal interphalangeal joints" (DIJ or DIP), those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges
Anatomically, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are very similar. There are some minor differences in how the palmar plates are attached proximally and in the segmentation of the flexor tendon sheath, but the major differences are the smaller dimension and reduced mobility of the distal joint.
Joint structure
The PIP joint exhibits great lateral stability. Its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior diameter and its thick collateral ligaments are tight in all positions during flexion, contrary to those in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Dorsal structures
The capsule, extensor tendon, and skin are very thin and lax dorsally, allowing for both phalanx bones to flex more than 100° until the base of the middle phalanx makes contact with the condylar notch of the proximal phalanx.
At the level of the PIP joint the extensor mechanism splits into three bands. The central slip attaches to the dorsal tubercle of the middle phalanx near the PIP joint. The pair of lateral bands, to which contribute the extensor tendons, continue past the PIP joint dorsally to the joint axis. These three bands are united by a transverse retinacular ligament, which runs from the palmar border of the lateral band to the flexor sheath at the level of the joint and which prevents dorsal displacement of that lateral band. On the palmar side of the joint axis of motion, lies the oblique retinacular ligament [of Landsmeer] which stretches from the flexor sheath over the proximal phalanx to the terminal extensor tendon. In extension, the oblique ligament prevents passive DIP flexion and PIP hyperextension as it tightens and pulls the terminal extensor tendon proximally.
Palmar structures
In contrast, on the palmar side, a thick ligament prevents hyperextension. The distal part of the palmar ligament, called the palmar plate, is thick and has a fibrocartilaginous structure. The presence of chondroitin and keratan sulfate in the dorsal and palmar plates is important in resisting compression forces against the condyles of the proximal phalanx. Together these structures protect the tendons passing in front and behind the joint. These tendons can sustain traction forces thanks to their collagen fibers.
Palmar ligament
The palmar ligament is thinner and more flexible in its central-proximal part. On both sides it is reinforced by the so-called check rein ligaments. The accessory collateral ligaments (ACL) originate at the proximal phalanx and are inserted distally at the base of the middle phalanx below the collateral ligaments.
The accessory ligament and the proximal margin of the palmar plate are flexible and fold back upon themselves during flexion. The flexor tendon sheaths are firmly attached to the proximal and middle phalanges by annular pulleys A2 and A4, while the A3 pulley and the proximal fibres of the C1 ligament attach the sheaths to the mobile volar ligament at the PIP joint. During flexion this arrangement produces a space at the neck of the proximal phalanx which is filled by the folding palmar plate.
The palmar plate is supported by a ligament on either side of the joint called the collateral ligaments, which prevent deviation of the joint from side to side. The ligaments can partially or fully tear and can avulse with a small fracture fragment when the finger is forced backwards into hyperextension. This is called a "palmar plate, or volar plate injury".
The palmar plate forms a semi-rigid floor and the collateral ligaments the walls in a mobile box which moves together with the distal part of the joint and provides stability to the joint during its entire range of motion. Because the palmar plate adheres to the flexor digitorum superficialis near the distal attachment of the muscle, it also increases the moment of flexor action. In the PIP joint, extension is more limited because of the two so called check-rein ligaments, which attach the palmar plate to the proximal phalanx.
Movements
The only movements permitted in the interphalangeal joints are flexion and extension.
Flexion is more extensive, about 100°, in the PIP joints and slightly more restricted, about 80°, in the DIP joints.
Extension is limited by the volar and collateral ligaments.
The muscles generating these movements are:
The relative length of the digit varies during motion of the IP joints. The length of the palmar aspect decreases during flexion while the dorsal aspect increases by about 24 mm. The useful range of motion of the PIP joint is 30–70°, increasing from the index finger to the little finger. During maximum flexion the base of the middle phalanx is firmly pressed into the retrocondylar recess of the proximal phalanx, which provides maximum stability to the joint. The stability of the PIP joint is dependent of the tendons passing around it.
Clinical significance
Rheumatoid arthritis generally spares the distal interphalangeal joints. Therefore, arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joints strongly suggests the presence of osteoarthritis or psoriatic arthritis.
See also
Interphalangeal joints of foot
Metacarpophalangeal joints
References
External links
Diagram at depuy.com
Volar Plate Injury - Hand Therapy
Further reading
Joints
Hand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interphalangeal%20joints%20of%20the%20hand |
Boyds is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Ferry County, Washington, United States. Boyds is located along U.S. Route 395 at the north end of the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area on the west side of the Kettle River, which serves as a boundary with Stevens County. The community of Barstow is to the north, and the city of Kettle Falls is to the south on US 395. Boyds was formerly assigned the ZIP code 99107 and had a 2010 census population of 34.
References
Census-designated places in Ferry County, Washington
Census-designated places in Washington (state)
Populated places in the Okanagan Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyds%2C%20Washington |
The Heritage at Millennium Park, located at 130 N. Garland Court in Chicago, Illinois is a mixed-use tower. Completed in 2005, with a height of and 57 floors, the building was designed by the architectural firm Solomon Cordwell Buenz (architects of Legacy Tower as well). It is the 36th-tallest building in Chicago. Like many newer buildings , the Heritage preserves and makes use of the façades of four existing buildings in its base.
The Heritage is located directly to the west of Millennium Park, with unobstructed views of Millennium Park, parts of Grant Park, and Lake Michigan. It is directly opposite the Marshall Field and Company Building on Wabash Avenue. It has a private indoor pool, health club, dog run, party room, rooftop deck, and indoor parking. The tower is included in the extensive downtown underground pedway system. In addition to condominiums, the Heritage also contains ground floor retail space.
Trivia
It was said that Mayor Richard M. Daley was considering moving to the tower, but later decided to stay put in his South Loop residence as noted in an article in the Chicago Tribune in November 2005.
According to the 2000 census, 16,388 people live in the Loop. More recently , 60602 was named by Forbes as the hottest zip code in the country , with upscale buildings such as the Heritage at Millennium Park leading the way for other buildings such as Waterview Tower, The Legacy at Millennium Park and Momo. The median sale price for residential real estate was $710,000 in 2005 according to Forbes. The average sale price at the Heritage in 2006 was $1.283 million according to data from the MLS and Rubloff.
The building bears a slight resemblance to One Rincon Hill in San Francisco which was designed by the same architectural firm.
Position in skyline
See also
List of buildings
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
List of tallest buildings in the United States
World's tallest structures
References
Inline
Emporis listing - The Heritage at Millennium Park
External links
The Heritage at Millennium Park Condominium Sales & Rental Website
Condominium Association website
Residential condominiums in Chicago
Residential skyscrapers in Chicago
Residential buildings completed in 2005
2005 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Heritage%20at%20Millennium%20Park |
The Business were an English punk band formed in 1979 in Lewisham, South London, England. The band lasted for four decades until their frontman Micky Fitz died from cancer in December 2016.
History
The band was formed in 1979 by school friends Steven ('Steve') Kent (guitar), Michael Fitzsimons ('Micky Fitz') (vocals), Nicholas ('Nick') Cunningham (drums) and Martin Smith (bass). They played their first gig in front of friends in February 1980, and after taking on Lol Pryor as manager, began performing more often. The band's first release was the song "Out in the Cold" on the A Sudden Surge of Sound compilation album. They played their first Oi! concert in 1981, supporting The 4-Skins, and they became closely associated with the Oi! scene from then on. While the Oi! movement was labelled as far right and racist (despite the fact that several Oi! bands played at Rock Against Racism concerts), The Business took a stance against political extremism with their Oi Against Racism and Political Extremism ...But Still Against The System tour. Despite standing apart from the far-right, the band also criticized communists in songs like "Suburban Rebels."
In November 1981, they released their debut single, "Harry May", which spent over three months in the UK Indie Chart, reaching No. 13. The initial line-up split up in late 1981, with Kent, Cunningham, and Smith forming Q-Bow, but Fitz carried on with Pryor, recruiting Graham Ball on guitar, Mark Brennan and Steve Whale from The Blackout, and John Fisher on drums. The new line-up made their live debut in January 1982, after which Ball and Fisher departed, leaving the band as a four-piece, with Kev Boyce of The Blackout on drums. The new line-up recorded the Smash the Discos EP, which was a No. 3 indie hit, and after a short tour, they recorded their debut album, which was to be called Loud, Proud, and Punk. The master tapes for the album went missing after disagreements between the band's label and the studio, forcing them to re-record the album, which was released as Suburban Rebels in May 1983. The album was remixed by their label, Secret, without them knowing, and Secret's financial difficulties limited promotion of the album. Frustrated by this, the band split up, with The Business members forming short-lived bands Chapter and Sabre Dance.
Pryor issued a retrospective album consisting of demos and live tracks on his Syndicate label, the success of which prompted the band to reform and record a what was to be marketed as a live album, Loud, Proud, and Punk. It was recorded in a studio, with crowd noise dubbed in later. Pryor renamed his record label Wonderful World and issued several Business albums in late 1985, with the Drinking and Driving tour following. The name of the tour caused controversy, with tabloid journalists accusing the band of condoning drunk-driving, although the title was tongue-in-cheek.
In late 1986, Brennan and Pryor founded Link Records, and with Brennan becoming increasingly busy running the label, the band split up again. In 1992, Fitz performed a few songs guesting with The Elite and he reformed the band to play a benefit concert for Bobby Moore, who had recently died of cancer. Brennan later started a new record label, Captain Oi! Records and did not join the reformed band. The band's line-up then became Micky Fitz (singer), Steve Whale (guitar), Lol Proctor (bass) and Micky Fairbairn (drums). The band released a new single "Anywhere But Here" and new album Keep The Faith in 1994. After a number of tours in Western Europe, the band played their first gigs in America in August 1994. In 1997 The Business released The Truth, The Whole Truth and Nothing But The Truth which was produced by Lars Frederiksen from Rancid. In 2000, the band joined together with Dropkick Murphys to release Mob Mentality. The band's final studio album, No Mercy For You was released in 2001. Their biggest hit song in recent times, "England 5 - Germany 1", (based on the result of a World Cup Qualifying match in 2001), became a football anthem for England and even appeared in the 2004 teen comedy EuroTrip. Despite various line-up changes, the band's popularity continued to grow.
By 2006 Fitz had rebuilt his band after overcoming his alcoholism, this year saw the band take on a 2-month tour of the US with the line-up of Fitz (singer), Robin Guy (drums), Daniel (guitar) and what would become long serving Trots (bass). In September 2006, Fitz recruited long time friend Tosh (of Section 5) to play guitar, shortly followed by Chris Mundie on drums. The band took to the studio in Berlin and recorded three covers, this session featured Mitch Harris of Napalm Death guesting to record the title track 'Mean Girl', originally by one of Fitz's favourite bands Status Quo. This was released by Bad Dog records as an EP, the B side being a live set recorded at the Marquee Club in London from 1982.
In April 2019, some of the classic line up (Steve Whale, Steve Kent and Micky Fairbairn) joined by JJ Pearce on bass (the Last Resort) performed at the Punk and Disorderly festival in Berlin. Roi Pearce (The Last Resort) Sebi (Stomper 98) and Mike Brands (Arch Rivals) appeared as guest singers. This marked the first time former members of The Business had performed without Micky Fitz playing The Business songs. The same line up, joined by Beki Bondage (Vice Squad) performed at Rebellion 2019. A toast was raised to Fitz's memory at both shows. Band manager, Lol Pryor, died in May 2022.
Death of Micky Fitz
In late 2015, Micky Fitz was diagnosed with cancer of the lymph gland and underwent radiotherapy. On 1 December 2016 it was announced that Fitz had died.
Discography
Chart placings shown are from the UK Indie Chart.
Studio albums
Singles/EPs
Compilation and live albums
Compilation appearances
A Sudden Surge of Sound LP (1980) VU
Carry On Oi! LP (1981) Secret
Oi! Oi! That's Yer Lot! LP (1982) Secret
The Secret Life Of Punks LP (1982) Secret
Burning Ambitions: A History Of Punk 2 X LP (1982) Cherry Red
UK/DK LP (1982) Anagram
Defiant Pose LP (1983) Illegal
Son Of Oi! LP (1984) Syndicate
Oi! The Resurrection LP (1987) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 1 LP (1987) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 2 LP (1987) Link
The Sound Of Oi! (1987) Link
Oi!..The Picture Disc LP (1987) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 2 LP (1987) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 3 LP (1988) Link
Oi!..The Picture Disc Volume 2 LP (1988) Link
Oi!..That's What I Call Music LP (1988) Link
Oi!..The Main Event LP (1988) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 4 LP (1988) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 5 LP (1989) Link
Pop Oi! LP (1989) Link
Oi! Chartbusters Volume 6 LP (1990) Link
Punk On The Road LP (1990) Skunx
The Oddities Of Oi! LP (1991) Link
Heroes And Villains LP (1996) Step-1
Oi! It's A World League LP (1193) Havin' a Laugh
Nobody's Heroes (1993) Castle Communications
The Punk Generation (1993) Castle Communications
The Voice Of The Street (1995) Pub City Royal
Kill Your Radio (IRS, 1995)
The Punk Rockers (Castle Communications, 1995)
The Best Of Oi! LP (1996) Dojo
Secret Records - The Punk Singles Collection Volume 1 LP (1996) Captain Oi!
Punk & Nasty (1996) Emporio
Real Punk - The Nasty Years (1996) Cleopatra
England's Glory (1996) Cherry Red
Punk Crazy (1996) Castle Pulse
Anarchy From The UK - Volume 1 (1996) Dojo
Secret Records - The Punk Singles Collection Volume 2 LP (1996) Captain Oi!
The Great British Punk Rock Explosion LP (1996) Dojo
Trouble On The Terraces LP (1996) Step-1
The Best Of Oi! LP (1996) Dojo
Punk & Disorderly LP (1996) Step-1
Tribute To The Smiths (1996) Too Damn Hype
Forever Blowing Bubbles (1996) Cherry Red
Punk Power (1996) Emporio
On The Streets (1997) We Bite
Give 'Em The Boot (1997) Hellcat
Oi! The Tine (1997) Harry May
Box Or be Boxed (1997) Lonsdale
Down To Margate (1997) Harry May
100% British Oi! (1998) Captain Oi!
Cheap Shots III (1998) Burning Heart
Lords Of Oi! (1998) Dressed To Kill
Live Hate (1998) Music Collection
The World Of Football - The Good, The Bad and the Ugly Of World Football (1998) Charlton
Scene Killer Volume 1 (1998) Outsider
Around The World In 80 Minutes (1999) Rotten
The Greatest Punk Of All Time (1999) Dressed To Kill
Punk (1999) Pegasus
Oi! This Is England (2000) Dressed To Kill
Cheap Shots IV (2000) Burning Heart
The Worldwide Tribute To Real Oi! (2000) I Scream
Spirit Of The Street (2000) Burning Heart
Complete Burning Ambitions - A History Of Punk (2001) Cleopatra
Punk-O-Rama 6 (2001) Epitaph
Cheap Shots V (2001) Burning Heart
Cash From Chaos - Complete Punk Collection (2001) EMI
Without Warning - It's Punch Drunk IV (2002) TKO
Addicted To Oi! (2002) Captain Oi!
Riot (2003) Hepcat
The Kings Of Street Punk (2007) G&R
Oi! This Is Street Punk Volume Two (2012) Pirates Press
References
External links
The Business on Facebook
Epitaph Records artists
English punk rock groups
Oi! groups
Musical groups established in 1979
Musical groups disestablished in 1988
Musical groups reestablished in 1992
Musical groups disestablished in 2016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Business%20%28band%29 |
The Barristers' Ball is an annual event held at most law schools in common law countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. It is generally a formal/semi-formal affair, often near the end of the academic year, conducted by the institution's Student Bar Association as a school-wide gathering.
Alternative grammar usage by school
Examples of schools with a Barrister's Ball
Albany Law School
American University, Washington College of Law (DC)
Appalachian School of Law
Atlanta's John Marshall Law School
Arizona State University College of Law
Barry University Dwayne O. Andreas School of Law
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law (Yeshiva University)
Brooklyn Law School
California Western School of Law
Campbell Law School
Capital University Law School
Columbia Law School
Columbus School of Law (Catholic University of America)
Creighton School of Law
Cumberland School of Law
Dickinson School of Law
DePaul University College of Law
Drake University Law School
Drexel University Kline School of Law
Duke Law School
Duquesne University School of Law
Capital University Law School
Chicago-Kent College of Law
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta
Florida State University College of Law
Fordham University School of Law
George Mason University School of Law
Georgia State University School of Law
Georgetown University Law Center
Golden Gate University School of Law (Voted Barristers Ball of the Year 2022 by unverified sources)
Hofstra Law School
The John Marshall Law School
Lincoln Law School of Sacramento
Louisiana State University (LSU) Paul M. Hebert Law Center
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles
Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Loyola University New Orleans School of Law
Mercer University School of Law
Michigan State University College of Law
Mississippi College School of Law
Mitchell | Hamline School of Law
New England Law | Boston
North Carolina Central University School of Law
Northern Kentucky University
Northwestern University School of Law
Pace University School of Law
Pepperdine University School of Law
Quinnipiac University School of Law
Roger Williams University School of Law
Rutgers School of Law - Camden
Rutgers School of Law - Newark
Santa Clara University School of Law
Southern University Law Center
South Texas College of Law Houston
Southwestern Law School
St. Johns University School of Law
St. Louis University School of Law
St. Thomas University School of Law
Suffolk University Law School
Syracuse University College of Law
Temple University Beasley School of Law
Texas A&M School of Law (formerly Texas Wesleyan)
The George Washington University School of Law
Thomas Jefferson School of Law
Thomas M Cooley Law School
Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center
Tulane University School of Law
University at Buffalo School of Law
University of California, Berkeley, School of Law
University of California, Davis School of Law
University of California Hastings College of The Law
University of California, Irvine School of Law
University of California Los Angeles School of Law
University of Cincinnati College of Law
University of Connecticut School of Law
University of Dayton School of Law
University of Denver Sturm College of Law
University of Georgia School of Law
University of Houston Law Center
University of Idaho
University of Iowa College of Law
University of La Verne
University of Maryland Carey School of Law
University of Massachusetts School of Law - Dartmouth
University of Miami School of Law (FL)
University of Mississippi School of Law
University of Missouri School of Law
University of New Hampshire School of Law
University of North Carolina School of Law
University of Notre Dame Law School
University of Oregon School of Law
University of Pennsylvania Law School
University of Pittsburgh, School of Law
University of Richmond School of Law
University of San Diego, School of Law
University of San Francisco School of Law
University of South Carolina School of Law
University of St. Thomas School of Law (MN)
University of Texas School of Law
University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C.
University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law
University of Virginia School of Law
Washington and Lee University
University of Wisconsin
Vermont Law School
Villanova University School of Law
Washington University in St. Louis School of Law
West Virginia University College of Law
Widener University Delaware Law School
William and Mary Law School
WMU - Thomas M. Cooley School of Law (Tampa Bay Campus)
Examples of schools using the Barristers' Ball construction
DU Law
Duquesne School of Law
Drexel University
Harvard Law School
Liberty University School of Law
New York Law School
New York University Law School
Oklahoma City University
University of Kentucky
University of North Carolina School of Law
Washburn University School of Law
Schools using the Barristers Ball construction
Georgia State University
University of Baltimore
University of Louisville
Mercer University Law School
University of Utah
Schools using the Barrister Ball construction
Florida A&M University College of Law
Ohio State University
See also
Barrister
References
Legal education
Student culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barristers%27%20Ball |
The flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is officially the flag of France, as Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a self-governing overseas collectivity of France.
History
In 1982 an unofficial local flag was designed, based on the Collectivity's coat of arms. The flag is blue with a yellow ship, said to be Grande Hermine, which brought Jacques Cartier to Saint Pierre on 15 June 1536. Three square fields placed along the hoist recall the origin of most inhabitants of the islands, from top to bottom, Basques, Bretons, and Normans. The flag was likely designed by André Paturel, a local business owner.
Although not used at an official level, the flag is still a common sight in the territory, being flown alongside the French tricolour in front of private residences and even government buildings.
Municipalities
See also
Coat of arms of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Flag of France
National emblem of France
References
External links
St Pierre & Miquelon
St Pierre & Miquelon Community Website
Flags of Overseas France
Flag
Unofficial flags
Saint
Saint-Pierre
Flags introduced in 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Saint%20Pierre%20and%20Miquelon |
Arthur Kitinas (born 29 November 1959) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s, and coached in the 2000s. He played in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.
A , Kitinas trialled with Sydney's Eastern Suburbs club and played just one top grade match, in 1977, before joining the South Sydney Rabbitohs the following season. The established hookers at the South Sydney club, Test player George Piggins along with Ken Stewart, saw the promising young Kitinas play very little first grade at that club either.
Kitinas spent time as an assistant coach at South Sydney before an unsuccessful stint in the main job in 2004, as a replacement for Paul Langmack.
Kitinas joined the Wests Tigers coaching team in 2006 and currently coaches the Balmain Ryde-Eastwood Premier League team. In 2006 and 2007 he also coached the Australian Fijians team.
Kitinas now coaches the South Sydney Rabbitohs SG Ball team
References
1959 births
Living people
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Fiji
Australian people of Greek descent
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Sydney
South Sydney Rabbitohs coaches
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Sydney Roosters players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kitinas |
Mary Ann McMorrow (née Grohwin; January 16, 1930 – February 23, 2013) was an Illinois Supreme Court chief justice.
Career
Mary Ann Grohwin was born to Roman and Emily Grohwin and grew up in a Roman Catholic household on the northwest side of Chicago. She attended Rosary College, now known as Dominican University. She received her law degree at Loyola University Chicago School of Law and was admitted practice law in Illinois in 1953.
She was employed by the law firm of Riordan & Linklater. She was appointed Assistant State's Attorney of Cook County, assigned to the Criminal Division, and was the first woman to prosecute felony cases in Cook County. She was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County in 1976. By order of the Supreme Court of Illinois, McMorrow was assigned to the Illinois Appellate Court in 1985 and elected to that court in 1986. She was the first woman elected to serve as chairperson of the Executive Committee of the Appellate Court. She was elected to the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1992, the first woman to serve in its 173-year history. With her election as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois in May 2002, she became the first woman to head any of the three branches of state government.
Awards
She was the 1991 recipient of the "Medal of Excellence" award from Loyola University Chicago School of Law's Alumni Association. She also was awarded the Chicago Bar Association's Justice John Paul Stevens Award and the 1996 The Fellows of the Illinois Bar Foundation award for Distinguished Service to Law and Society.
Mary Ann McMorrow was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State’s highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 2007 in the area of Government and Law.
Retirement
Justice McMorrow retired from the bench on July 5, 2006.
Association memberships
Chief Justice McMorrow was a member of the:
Illinois State Bar Association and Chicago Bar Associations
Women's Bar Association of Illinois
American Inns of Court (Master Bencher)
American Judicature Society
National Association of Women Judges
Illinois Judges' Association (Board of Directors)
Death
Justice McMorrow died on February 23, 2013, at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, aged 83, from undisclosed causes. She was married to Emmett McMorrow; the couple had one child, a daughter, Mary Ann (born 1963).
See also
List of female state supreme court justices
References
External links
Mary Ann McMorrow's biodata at the Illinois Supreme Court website
1930 births
2013 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Lawyers from Chicago
Loyola University Chicago School of Law alumni
Women in Illinois politics
Judges of the Illinois Appellate Court
Chief Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
Women chief justices of state supreme courts in the United States
Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
Judges of the Circuit Court of Cook County
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American women judges
21st-century American judges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ann%20McMorrow |
Crypt of Medea is an adventure video game written by Arthur Britto and Allan Lamb. It was published for the Apple II by Sir-Tech in 1984. Crypt of Medea makes use of graphics, but the game is still controlled through the use of text commands in the traditional style of interactive fiction games.
The game begins with the player trapped inside Medea's crypt, and the goal is to find a way out. To do so, the player must make use of a variety of items and avoid falling victim to a number of enemies and traps.
Plot
After falling unconscious during a late night drive, the unnamed protagonist wakes up in an unfamiliar tomb. This tomb is the crypt of Medea, and it is filled with hostile creatures and deadly traps. The protagonist is forced to explore the crypt in hopes of escaping.
Very little plot is made available to the player during the course of the game. No information is given about how the player ended up in Medea's tomb, and no background information is ever given about Medea. In fact, the protagonist does not ever encounter Medea during the course of the game, and the only mention of her is through an inscription that she wrote.
Gameplay
The game's environment is divided into a series of distinct sections. Each section is represented with a picture and a text description. Objects or creatures that the player can interact with will be visible in the picture and described in the text description. The player can move from one section to another by moving in one of the cardinal directions or occasionally through other actions (such as going up a staircase, going down a hole, or swinging across a ravine).
One of the primary gameplay mechanics in Crypt of Medea is the use of items. Items can be found in many locations throughout the crypt, and the player can carry a limited number of these items at any given time. Often one or more items are the key to solving a puzzle or defeating an enemy that blocks the player's progress. Since the player can only hold a few items at once, inventory management is often a crucial factor to the player's survival.
Reception
At the time of its release, Crypt of Medea was considered a fairly graphic and adult game due to its detailed descriptions of violent deaths. Kim Schuette, author of The Book of Adventure Games, described Crypt of Medea as "a humorless and gruesome game, full of blood, gore, and little else." The cover of the game even describes Crypt of Medea as "an adventure game for the very mature and strong of heart."
Computer Gaming World described Crypt of Medea as "an example of a mature and excellent product" and an "excellently designed game." The magazine praised the game for its controls and for having a level of challenge that is enjoyable for both novice and expert players. St.Game described the game as "something of an Addams Family on disk. It is macabre and witty and stupid and inventive and repetitious and altogether kooky". The magazine criticized the game's typos and poor parser, but stated that it was "full of funny surprises", and recommended it to "beginning adventurers in the family".
Reviews
Casus Belli #20 (April 1984)
Notes
References
Reams, Robert (1984, August). "Crypt of Medea". Computer Gaming World, 4.4, 35.
External links
CryptOfMedea2001 - Contains a working version of Crypt of Medea and a text version of the hint sheet that comes packaged with the game.
1984 video games
Adventure games
Apple II games
Apple II-only games
North America-exclusive video games
Sir-Tech games
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
Works about Medea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt%20of%20Medea |
Thomas Robert Fitzgerald (July 10, 1941 – November 1, 2015) was a chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court. He became the first Illinois chief justice to preside over the impeachment trial of a sitting governor when he presided over the impeachment trial of Governor Rod Blagojevich.
Early life and career
Born in Chicago on July 10, 1941, Fitzgerald graduated from Leo Catholic High School in 1959. He attended Loyola University Chicago before enlisting in the United States Navy. Following his tour of duty in the Navy, he graduated with honors from The John Marshall Law School, where he was a founder of the school's current law review and served as its associate editor.
The son of a circuit court judge, Fitzgerald began his own career in the law as a prosecutor in the Cook County, Illinois State's Attorney's Office. When first elected to the bench in 1976, he was the youngest Cook County judge. He served as a trial judge in the Criminal Court from 1976 to 1987, when he was assigned Supervising Judge of Traffic Court. In 1989, he returned to the Criminal Division as Presiding judge. He was also appointed to serve as presiding judge of Illinois's first statewide Grand Jury. He was elected to the Supreme Court of Illinois for the First District in 2000.
As a law professor, Fitzgerald taught at The John Marshall Law School and Chicago-Kent College of Law, where he was assistant coordinator of the trial advocacy program from 1986 to 1996. He also has taught at the Einstein Institute for Science, Health and the Courts.
Fitzgerald served as president of the Illinois Judges' Association, chair of the Illinois Supreme Court Special Committee on Capital Cases, member of the Governor's Task Force on Crime and Corrections, chairman of several committees of the Illinois Judicial Conference, member of the Chicago Bar Association's Board of Managers and past chairman of the Chicago Bar Association's committees on constitutional law and long-range planning.
Chief Justice
He was elected Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court on May 19, 2008, with his term effective September 6, 2008.
On January 26, 2009, he became the first Illinois chief justice to preside over the impeachment trial of a sitting governor, as he opened proceedings in the impeachment trial of Governor Rod Blagojevich.
Retirement and death
Fitzgerald retired in October, 2010. He announced his retirement on September 13, 2010, citing a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Fitzgerald died on November 1, 2015 at his home from the disease at the age of 74.
Awards and honors
Fitzgerald has been awarded the Outstanding Judicial Performance Award by the Chicago Crime Commission and honored as Celtic Man of the Year by the Celtic Legal Society. He received the Herman Kogan Media Award for Excellence in Broadcast Journalism. The Lawyers' Assistance Program honored him in 2000 with the Hon. John Powers Crowley Award. He is the 2001 recipient of the John Marshall Law School Freedom Award. In 2003, Fitzgerald was awarded the Joel Flaum Award by the Chicago Inn of Court and the Chicago-Kent College of Law Professional Achievement Award. In 2005, Fitzgerald was named Catholic Lawyer of the Year by the Catholic Lawyers Guild of Chicago. In 2008, he was awarded the John Paul Stevens Award by the Chicago Bar Association and the Chicago Bar Foundation. He is a member of the Leo High School Hall of Fame.
Fitzgerald was named Chicago Lawyer's 2010 Person of the Year.
References
1941 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
American prosecutors
People with Parkinson's disease
Lawyers from Chicago
Loyola University Chicago alumni
University of Illinois Chicago School of Law alumni
Illinois state court judges
Chief Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
United States Navy sailors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20R.%20Fitzgerald%20%28judge%29 |
Buzz Factory is the fourth studio album by Seattle-based band Screaming Trees, released in the spring of 1989. It was their final record for SST Records before they moved on to their major label debut. The LP was available on translucent purple vinyl. While touring to support the album, SST had informed that band multiple times that their album would shortly be released. However, this failed to materialize until the last day of the tour, after which they elected to leave SST. Their next recording, the Change Has Come EP, was released in December 1989 on Sub Pop.
Critical reception
The Chicago Tribune wrote that the band "takes psychedelic garage-rock into the '90s, cranking up the wah-wah peddle to stun volume and riding a torrent of percussion."
Track listing
Personnel
Screaming Trees
Mark Lanegan – lead vocals
Gary Lee Conner – guitar, backing vocals
Van Conner – bass, backing vocals
Mark Pickerel – drums
Additional
Rod Doak – studio technician
Dana Doak – studio technician
Jack Endino – producer, backing vocals on 'Black Sun Morning'
Jena Scott – cover design
References
Screaming Trees albums
1988 albums
SST Records albums
Albums produced by Jack Endino | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz%20Factory |
Filmmakers Lisa Lax and Nancy Stern capture Emmanuel Yeboah's heart, spirit, and determination through the 2005 documentary Emmanuel’s Gift, based on the true story of Emmanuel's life solely dedicated to making change. Narrated by Oprah Winfrey, the documentary follows Emmanuel on his journey to change the political and societal norms wrapped around disabled people in his home country of Ghana. Being that he was born with a deformed right leg, Emmanuel witnessed firsthand his whole life how disabled people were treated and viewed in the eyes of society. Children born with disabilities in Ghana are often abandoned or, in more extreme cases, killed. If they do survive, they often become poor beggars on the street. He, on the other hand, grew up in a small home with his mother and family. His father abandoned his mother when he found out that his son had a deformed leg. Emmanuel shined shoes every day for $2, refusing to let the prejudices against disabled people get to his head. One day he put in a grant request to the Challenged Athletes Foundation based in California all the way over in the United States. His request was not one for money, but rather for a bike that he would later receive to travel nearly 380 miles across the entire country of Ghana on to show those that did not support equal rights that disabled people can accomplish above and beyond what society tells them they can.
Word spread fast about Emmanuel's long journey on the bike given to him by the foundation. The Challenged Athletes Foundation, who gave Emmanuel the bicycle, reached out and asked him to come to America to do their triathlon. Being the ultimate go getter, Emmanuel went along and was even given a prosthetic leg after due time. Being as selfless as he is, Emmanuel used his newly found fame to better the 2 million disabled people of Ghana. He was awarded the CAF Most Inspirational Athlete of the Year Award and Nike's Casey Martin award in America. Along with these awards he was also gifted money, and he used it all to give the people of Ghana free wheelchairs, and started the Emmanuel Education Fund. Hearing about his son's fame, Emmanuel's father returned to him to make amends. Emmanuel clarifies in the documentary that he doesn't buy the excuses his father stresses, but gifts his father with his forgiveness anyway. The documentary wraps up by showing many promising changes Emmanuel has made to Ghana and plans to make in the future.
References
External links
2005 films
Documentary films about people with disability
Films set in Ghana
American documentary films
2005 documentary films
Disability in Ghana
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%27s%20Gift |
Paul Langmack (born 10 May 1965) is an Australian former rugby league coach and representative and premiership-winning player. Langmack won three premierships with the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the mid-eighties. He later joined the Western Suburbs Magpies to become just the fifth player to play 100 games with two different teams.
Playing career
While attending Fairfield Patrician Brothers, Langmack captained the Australian Schoolboys team in 1982.
Langmack won three premierships as a member of the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in 1984, 1985 and 1988, and later played for and captained Western Suburbs. In 1987, he became the youngest player in history to register 100 top-grade games at the age of 22 years 26 days. Langmack was named Rugby League Week player of the year in 1992. In 1999 former teammate Phil Gould brought Langmack to the Sydney City club, he played one final season – a season that didn't reach any great heights, only appearing in three first grade matches.
Coaching career
In 2002 he was a contender to replace Terry Lamb as the coach of the Wests Tigers and was reportedly the preferred candidate of senior players, including Terry Hill and Darren Senter. After the signing of Tim Sheens to the position, Langmack became assistant coach to Craig Coleman at the South Sydney Rabbitohs.
After Coleman was dramatically sacked immediately prior to the 2003 season, Langmack was installed as coach, but was unable to avoid the wooden spoon, winning just three games. After an unsuccessful start to the 2004 season, he was sacked and replaced by assistant Arthur Kitinas. Langmack's last season in charge of Souths was also marred by claims that Langmack was a racist by Souths player Owen Craigie.
References
External links
Canterbury Bulldogs profile
1965 births
Living people
People educated at Patrician Brothers' College, Fairfield
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league locks
Rugby league second-rows
South Sydney Rabbitohs coaches
Sydney Roosters players
Western Suburbs Magpies players
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Langmack |
Grande Hermine (; "great ermine") was the name of the carrack that brought Jacques Cartier to Saint-Pierre on 15 June 1535, and upon which he discovered the estuary of the St. Lawrence River and the St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement of Stadacona (near current-day Quebec City). She is believed to be represented in the local flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (the yellow ship). It is also featured on the Amory Adventure Award of Canadian Scouting. La Grande Hermine was the second ship Jacques Cartier used when exploring the St. Lawrence River
Replicas
A life-size wooden replica of the vessel was featured at the Expo 67 in Montreal (1967) where she served as a floating restaurant. Following the Expo the replica was moved to Quebec City and put on static display in an artificial pond located in a city park, where she remained for at least three decades; poorly maintained. She was broken up in the same park where she sat for years.
Another unrelated replica, possibly based on the steel hull of a 1914 ferry or a 1941 icebreaker, was purchased by a businessman with the intention of moving her to Ontario and re-opening the restaurant, however, he did not have the funds to realize this, and the ship sits in Jordan Harbour, unused. In 2003, the ship was destroyed by what police called a suspicious fire, most likely the work of arsonists. The burned-out hull still sits in the harbor, located between the 55- and 57-kilometer markers on the Queen Elizabeth Way.
As of 2022, the 4 masts have been removed due to unsafe conditions and years of deterioration, with the entirety of the ship being removed sometime in the future.
References
two articles (in French) about the Expo 67 Grande Hermine replica:
1
2
pictures of the replica ship at Expo 67:
1
2
3
4
pictures of the replica ship arriving in Quebec City:
1
2
Notes
History of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Age of Discovery ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande%20Hermine |
Dryocampa rubicunda, the rosy maple moth, is a small North American moth in the family Saturniidae, also known as the great silk moths. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793. The species is known for its wooly body and pink and yellow coloration, which varies from cream or white to bright pink or yellow. Males have bushier antennae than females, which allow them to sense female pheromones for mating.
As the common name of the species implies, the preferred host trees are maple tree. Adult females lay their yellow ovular eggs in groups of 10 to 40 on the underside of maple leaves. The emerging caterpillars, also known as the greenstriped mapleworm, mainly feed on the leaves of their host maple trees, particularly red maple, silver maple, and sugar maple. Since the caterpillars eat the entire leaf blade, in dense populations, caterpillars have been known to defoliate trees, resulting in aesthetic rather than permanent damage. However, like all other Saturniid moths, the adult moths do not eat.
Description
The rosy maple moth is the smallest of the silk moths; males have a wingspan of 3.2 to 4.4 centimetres (1.25-1.75 in); females of 3.8 to 5 centimetres (1.5–2 in). The species can be identified by their unique, but varying, pink and yellow coloration. They have reddish-to-pink legs and antennae, yellow bodies and hindwings, and pink forewings with a triangular yellow band across the middle.
Geographic range
The rosy maple moth lives across the eastern United States and adjacent regions of Canada. Their northernmost range includes the southern regions of Canada, including Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Their range extends south along the Atlantic coast of North America to Dade County, Florida, and extends west from eastern Texas through Minnesota.
Habitat
The rosy maple moth can be found in temperate deciduous forests and nearby suburban areas and urban landscapes. Their common name derives from the fact that they can primarily be found on maple trees, including red maples (Acer rubrum), sugar maples (Acer saccharum), silver maples (Acer saccharinum), and box elder maples (Acer negundo). They can also be found on oak trees, particularly turkey oaks (Quercus laevis), especially when they are found dispersed among maple trees.
Home range and territoriality
Larvae hatch and live on the same tree through their development, then pupate in the soil beneath the same tree. The larvae primarily eat the underside of leaves, therefore preferentially staying in that location of their home tree. The adults do not eat, so they can have a sizeable home range.
Behavior
Feeding
The rosy maple moths preferentially lay their eggs on maple trees, and sometimes nearby oak trees. Since the larvae remain on the same tree upon which they hatched, most larvae feed on the underside of maple leaves or oak leaves. In early instars, the larvae feed together in groups, but beginning in the third or fourth instar the caterpillars begin to feed individually. The larvae eat the entire leaf blade and are capable of consuming a few leaves each. Thus, large populations of greenstriped mapleworms are capable of defoliating trees. This damage is mostly harmless and the leaves will grow back. As with all Saturniidae, adult rosy maple moths do not feed.
Parental care
Oviposition
Female rosy maple moths lay their eggs one day after fertilization. During those 24 hours, the eggs are protected inside the body of the female. Besides this, rosy maple moths exhibit little parental care, as the female leaves after depositing her eggs. Females typically lay around 150 to 200 eggs in groups of 10 to 40 on the underside of leaves of maple trees and occasionally oak trees. Females typically only reproduce once, but in southern regions they can lay eggs up to three times. Egg laying typically occurs in the warmer months, with a peak in July, although precise timing depends on the region. In northern regions, one brood is laid between May and August. Further south, two broods are laid between April and September. In Florida, between March and October three broods are laid.
Social behavior
Caterpillars live and feed in groups until the fourth instar when they become solitary. Adult rosy maple moths are mostly solitary besides during mating.
Life cycle
Individual rosy maple moths typically live for about two to nine months. Between hatching and adulthood, the species undergoes five instars. For moths with longer life spans, much of this time is spent as a pupa over the winter months.
Eggs
Eggs are laid 24 hours after fertilization. The eggs are ovular and about 1.4 mm in diameter, with a thin smooth yellow shell. Eggs hatch after about ten days to two weeks. After hatching, a transparent egg shell is left behind.
Caterpillar
Rosy maple moth larvae are known as greenstriped mapleworms, and they undergo five instars prior to adulthood, during which their coloration and eating behavior changes. In early instars, the larvae have relatively large black heads and pale yellow-green bodies with faint green stripes. They have two large dark-green to black tubercles on the second thoracic segment and three rows of smaller spines, or setae, on each side of their body. The larvae undergo their first molt around 6–11 days after hatching, their second molt approximately 12 days after hatching, and their third molt around 19 days post hatching. In the next instars, the black head becomes smaller relative to the diameter of the body and the longitudinal stripes darken and become reddish. In later instars, the head becomes yellow, and in the final instar, becomes bright red. By the final instar, the body is yellow green with longitudinal stripes that range from white to green to black. The two prominent horns on the second thoracic segment are accompanied by two rows of short spines found along both sides of the body. At maturity, the caterpillars reach lengths of about 2 inches. Until the fourth instar, the larvae live and feed together, but in their final two instars they are solitary.
Pupa
After about a month, full-grown caterpillars crawl to the bottom of the host tree and pupate in shallow underground chambers. The pupae are very dark, elongated, and have small spines. The pupa ends in a small forked point. The pupal stage lasts at least two weeks and up to the whole winter. If the moths pupate over winter, the majority of their lives are spent in the pupal stage. When the imago (adult) ecloses, it has small wings which it has to pump full of fluid in order to expand them and allow for flight.
Adult
Adult rosy maple moths are distinguishable by their bright pink and yellow color, although exact coloration can vary significantly. Both sexes have a wingspan of 32–55 mm. Their bodies are woolly, and typically yellow on the top and pink on the underside, but can range to cream or white. Their legs and antennae are also pink. The forewings can be yellow to white with varying amounts of pink along the edges. The alba subspecies, found in Missouri, is completely white or white with faint pink markings.
Predators
The predators of the rosy maple moth and larvae mostly consist of birds including blue jays, black-capped chickadees, and tufted titmice. The bright coloration of the wings may serve as a defense mechanism to trick predators into thinking they are poisonous and not edible. The colouration of this moth rather surprisingly acts as a form of camouflage, blending it in with maple seed cases.
Mating
Rosy maple moths exhibit sexual dimorphism, that is males and females have different appearances. In the case of the rosy maple moth, males have narrower and less rounded wings. Additionally, while females have simple antennae, males have bipectinate (comb-like on both sides) antennae to sense females' pheromones during mating. The moths become sexually mature at 2 to 9 months of age. Mating occurs at night, when females release pheromones to attract males. Fertilization occurs internally, and females lay their eggs 24 hours after mating. The moths are polygyandrous: females find a new male to mate with each time during breeding season when multiple broods are laid per season in warmer regions.
Thermoregulation
Adults become active in the warmer months of the year. In a study that compared D. rubicunda with Actias luna, the prevalence of the rosy maple moth was found to vary with changes in temperature, with highest counts at the highest temperature, perhaps due to the tropical origin of the subfamily Ceratocampinae. Their small size, preventing more effective body temperature control, may also contribute to their preference for warm weather. Adult moths are generally nocturnal, preferentially flying throughout the first third of the night.
References
External links
Saturniidae
Moths described in 1793
Moths of North America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryocampa%20rubicunda |
340 on the Park is a residential tower in the Lakeshore East development of the neighborhood of New Eastside/ East Loop Chicago completed in 2007. The building was the tallest all-residential building in Chicago until the completion of One Museum Park.
The architectural firm Solomon Cordwell Buenz designed the tower and it was built by Magellan Development. The structural engineering firm Magnusson Klemencic Associates designed the building using prestressed concrete in order increase the floor-to-ceiling heights. James McHugh Construction Co installed post-tensioning tendons supplied by Amsysco Inc.
340 on the Park is set flush next to Randolph Street, allowing unobstructed views of Millennium Park, Grant Park, The Park at Lakeshore East and Lake Michigan. The tower's design also allows for nearby buildings to maintain some views of the park.
340 on the Park was the first residential tower in the Midwestern United States to achieve Silver LEED certification for its "green" design, including a large winter garden for residents. Additional benefits include a connection to the Chicago Pedway system, low-flow water fixtures for both residential and public spaces, and energy-efficient fixtures such as lights and mechanical equipment.
The north side of the building is contoured so that views from The Buckingham next to the building are not interfered with.
Education
Residents of 340 on the Park are zoned to schools in the Chicago Public Schools.
Ogden School (K–8)
Wells Community Academy High School
See also
List of buildings
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
List of tallest buildings in the United States
World's tallest structures
Position in Chicago's skyline
References
External links
Official 340 On the Park website
Emporis listing
Solomon Cordwell Buenz website
Residential condominiums in Chicago
Residential skyscrapers in Chicago
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design basic silver certified buildings
Residential buildings completed in 2007
New Eastside
Lakeshore East
2007 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/340%20on%20the%20Park |
927 Fifth Avenue is an upscale residential apartment building in Manhattan, New York City, United States. It is located on Fifth Avenue at the corner of East 74th Street opposite the Conservatory Water in Central Park. The limestone-clad building was designed by Warren & Wetmore, also known for designing Grand Central Terminal, and completed in 1917 in the Renaissance Revival style.
The building is incorporated as a housing cooperative. It has 12 apartments on 12 floors. Former residents include Paula Zahn and Mary Tyler Moore who moved out in 2005.
The co-op became well-known when Pale Male, a red-tailed hawk that nests on ornamental stonework above a 12th-floor window, was featured in an episode of the PBS series Nature. It later gained international notoriety when the board of the cooperative decided to evict the hawks in December 2004. Protests and widespread negative news coverage led to the restoration of the nest three weeks later.
References
External links
Photos and Pale Male story at New York Architecture Images
927 Fifth Avenue at the Upper East Side Book
927 Fifth Avenue at CityRealty
Residential buildings completed in 1917
Apartment buildings in New York City
Condominiums and housing cooperatives in Manhattan
Fifth Avenue
Warren and Wetmore buildings
Upper East Side
Residential skyscrapers in Manhattan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/927%20Fifth%20Avenue |
The Camino de Santiago, also known as the Way of St. James, extends from different countries of Europe, and even North Africa, on its way to Santiago de Compostela and Finisterre. The local authorities try to restore many of the ancient routes, even those used in a limited period, in the interest of tourism.
Here follows an overview of the main routes of the modern-day pilgrimage.
UNESCO World Heritage Listings
The Routes of Northern Spain and the French Way (Camino Francés) are the ones listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO.
Camino Francés
The French Way () is the most popular of the routes. It runs from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port on the French side of the Pyrenees to Roncesvalles on the Spanish side before making its way through to Santiago de Compostela through the major cities of Pamplona, Logroño, Burgos and León.
Routes of Northern Spain
The Routes of Northern Spain is a network of four Christian pilgrimage routes in northern Spain.
Camino Primitivo
The Camino Primitivo splits off from the Norte south of Villaviciosa, near Oviedo, and spans 355 km (this includes roughly 40 km on the Camino Francés at the end). As the name suggests, this is one of the original Caminos.
Northern Way
The Northern Way () (also known as the "Liébana Route") is an 817 km, five-week coastal route from Basque Country at Irún, near the French border, and follows the northern coastline of Spain to Galicia where it heads inland towards Santiago joining the Camino Francés at Arzúa. This route follows the old Roman road, the Via Agrippa, for some of its way and is part of the Coastal Route (). This route was used by Christian pilgrims when Muslim domination had extended northwards and was making travel along the Camino francés dangerous.
The route passes through San Sebastian, Guernica, Bilbao, and Oviedo. It is less populated, lesser known and generally more difficult hiking. Shelters are 20 to 35 kilometers apart, rather than there being hostels () or monasteries every four to ten kilometers as on the Camino Francés.
The Coastal Way links with the French Way through the Liébana Route.
Tunnel Way
The Tunnel Way is also known as the Tunnel Route, the Basque Inland Route and the San Adrian Route. In the Early Middle Ages, when the Northern (Coastal) Way was subject to the Vikings' skirmishes and Muslim presence and forays threatened pilgrims and trade routes in the borderlands, the Tunnel Way provided a safe road north of the frontier area, i.e. Gipuzkoa and Alava. This may be the oldest and most important stretch of the Way of St. James up to its heyday in the 13th century. From the starting point in Irún, the road heads south-west up the Oria valley (Villabona, Ordizia, Zegama), reaches its highest point at the San Adrian tunnel and runs through the Alavan plains (Zalduondo, Salvatierra/Agurain, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Miranda de Ebro). Yet previous to the latter, nowadays pilgrims usually take a detour south towards Haro and on to Santo Domingo de la Calzada on account of its better provision.
In Spain and Portugal
The following routes to Santiago can be traced on the Iberian Peninsula.
Portuguese Way
The Portuguese Way (, ) begins at Lisbon or Porto in Portugal. From Porto, along the Douro River, pilgrims travel north crossing the Ave, Cávado, Lima and Minho rivers before entering Spain and then passing through Padron before arriving at Santiago. It is the second most popular way, after the French one. The route is 610 km long starting in Lisbon or 227 km long starting in Porto. From Lisbon, the starting point is Lisbon Cathedral, crossing the Thermal Hospital of Caldas da Rainha (1485) and heading to the Alcobaça Monastery (1252), which was an albergue (hostel) for medieval pilgrims who could only stay there for a single night. Using Roman roads, pilgrims headed to Coimbra and had to reach Porto before night falls, as the gates of the city closed, once in the pilgrims headed to Church of São Martinho de Cedofeita (c. 1087).
There are two traditional routes from Porto, one inland (the Central Way) and the Coastal Way (Caminho da Costa). Rates is considered a central site of the Portuguese Way. The way has been used since the Middle Ages and the ancient monastery of Rates (rebuilt in 1100) gained importance due to the legend of Saint Peter of Rates. The legend holds that Saint James ordained Peter as the first bishop of Braga in the year AD 44. Peter died as a martyr while attempting to convert local pagans.
Rates is also the location of the first modern pilgrim hostel (Albergue) in the Portuguese way. On the way to the Rates Monastery there is the medieval Dom Zameiro Bridge. It was (re)built in 1185 for an easy cross of the Ave river by medieval pilgrims. It is part of Roman Via Veteris and known in the Middle Ages as Karraria Antiqua (the old way), as such the bridge has Roman origin. After leaving the monastery, the crossing of Cávado River was made using barges landing in Barca do Lago, which literally means "Lake's barge". The Brotherhood of Barca do Lago stated in 1635: "this passage is very popular and it is for more than 400 years in our peaceful possession". The Portuguese King Sancho II made the crossing there during a pilgrimage in 1244 and centuries later King Manuel I did the same in 1502. Currently, the crossing which replaces the barges in both the Coastal and the Coastal derivation of the central way is made through Ponte de Fão, built in 1892, heading to the Neiva Castle, currently lost, the Neiva was a Castro culture hillfort and early medieval castle. For pilgrims preferring the inland route, the crossing is made through the Medieval Bridge of Barcelos, constructed between 1325 and 1328.
The crossing of the Lima River is made through the Eiffel bridge (1878) in the Coastal way, originally via barges. The bridge and the town of Viana do Castelo are signed by the sighting of the Monument-Temple of Santa Luzia (1904) over a hilltop. The Lantern tower of the sanctuary is where the pilgrim can see most of one's route in one of the most iconic views of Northern Portugal. Pilgrims were treated in the Old Hospital of Viana do Castelo, an hostel for pilgrims from early 15th century. For the inland route, Ponte de Lima's bridge is used. The later bridge possibly dates to the 1st century and was rebuilt in 1125. One of the most tiring parts of the Portuguese inland Way is in the Labruja hills in Ponte de Lima, which are hard to cross. In Classical antiquity, the Lima was said to have properties of memory loss due to events in an ancient battle there between the Turduli and the Celts. Strabo compared it to the mythological Lethe, the river of unmindfulness. Two ancient canoes found in Lanheses (Viana do Castelo) and the itinerary of the Loca Maritima Roman way suggest that to be the site where the Roman soldiers were fearful of the crossing during the conquest of the region in 136 BC.
The Coastal Way gained prominence in the 15th century due to the growing importance of the coastal towns in the advent of the Age of Discovery. After leaving Porto, the route splits from the central way in the countryside of Vila do Conde. The town is still today crowned by the Monastery of Santa Clara (1318). The town is noted for the austere Gothic and lavish Late Gothic architecture, with the Matriz Church of Vila do Conde being built by king Manuel I of Portugal while in pilgrimage. The rising importance of Póvoa de Varzim imposed this new direction, In Póvoa de Varzim, the small Saint James Chapel (1582) in Praça da República holds a 15th century icon of Saint James found at the beach, the way follows west to the beach, heading to Esposende, Viana do Castelo and Caminha before reaching the Spanish border.
A contemporary version of the Coastal Way, pushed by German pilgrims, goes through Northern Portugal continuously along the sea, using beach walkways. This version of the Coastal Way, also referred to as the Senda Litoral, is gaining importance, as the traditional route is increasingly urbanized and the new version is considered by some pilgrims to be more pleasant. Just before the crossover into Spain, there is also a 2-3 day detour from the Coastal Way called the Spiritual Detour (variante espiritual) known for solitude and beauty.
The Camino winds its way inland until it reaches the Spanish border at the Minho river through Valença, heading for a 108 km walk to Santiago, passing through Tui.
A less-travelled Portuguese route, the Caminho Português Interior, begins at either the village of Farminhão or the adjacent city of Viseu, and continues along the Douro river valley via Lamego, Chaves, and Verín before connecting with the Via de la Plata at Ourense. Waymarking along this route, some 420 km in total, is intermittent until the Spanish border.
Aragonese Way
The Aragonese Way () comes down from the Somport pass in the Pyrenees and makes its way down through the old kingdom of Aragon. It follows the River Aragón passing through towns such as Jaca. It then crosses into the province of Navarre to Puente La Reina where it joins the Camino Francés.
English Way
The English Way () is traditionally for pilgrims who traveled to Spain by sea and disembarked in Ferrol or A Coruña. These pilgrims then made their way to Santiago overland. It is so called because most of these pilgrims were English though some came from all points in northern Europe.
Camino Mozárabe and the Via de La Plata
Sometimes incorrectly known in English as the Silver Route or Way - "Plata" is a corruption of the Arabic word balath, meaning paved road.
The Via de La Plata (once a Roman causeway joining Italica and Asturica Augusta) starts in Seville from where it goes north to Zamora via Zafra, Cáceres and Salamanca. It is much less frequented than the French Way or even the Northern Way - in 2013, of the 215,000 pilgrims being granted the compostela in Santiago, 4.2% traveled on the Via de la Plata, compared to 70.3% on the Camino Francés. After Zamora there are three options. The first route, or Camino Sanabrés heads west and reaches Santiago via Ourense. Another route continues north to Astorga, from where pilgrims can continue west along the Camino Francés to Santiago. A third, seldom traveled route, crosses into Portugal and passes through Bragança, rejoining the Camino Sanabrés near Ourense.
The Camino Mozárabe route (also known as the ), from Almeria, Granada or Málaga, passes through Córdoba and later joins up with the Via de La Plata at Mérida.
Camino de Madrid
The Camino de Madrid goes northwards from Madrid, through Segovia and near Valladoid, joining the Camino Francés at Sahagún.
Camino del Ebro
The Camino del Ebro starts in Catalonia at Sant Jaume d'Enveja near Deltebre, where Saint James is traditionally supposed to have left Spain on his way home to martyrdom in Palestine, and follows the River Ebro past Tortosa and Zaragoza, joining the Camino Francés at Logroño.
Camino de Santiago de Soria
Sometimes known as the Camino Castellano-Aragonés, this camino leaves the Camino del Ebro at Gallur and goes past Soria to Santo Domingo de Silos, where it joins the Camino de la Lana.
Camino de la Lana
The Camino de la Lana (sometimes Ruta de la Lana), or wool road, leaves Alicante and heads mainly northwards for 670 km, joining the Camino Francés at Burgos.
Camino de Levante
The Camino de Levante starts at Valencia and crosses Castille-La Mancha, passing through towns and cities including Toledo, El Toboso, Ávila and Medina del Campo, joining the Via de la Plata at Zamora.
Camino del Sureste
The Camino del Sureste starts at Alicante and follows a broadly similar route as the Camino del Levante from Albacete until Medina del Campo, where the routes bifurcate, with the Sureste heading northwards to Tordesillas, joining the Via de la Plata at Benavente, while the Levante goes westwards to Toro and Zamora.
Camino de Torres
The Camino de Torres starts in Salamanca, goes past Ciudad Rodrigo, crosses the Portuguese border near Almeida, continues past Braga and joins the Camino Portugués at Ponte de Lima.
Camino de Invierno
275 km long, this route leaves the French Way at Ponferrada and bypasses O Cebreiro, instead routing through Quiroga, Monforte de Lemos and Lalín before joining the Vía de la Plata at A Laxe. Traditionally, pilgrims used this way to avoid the snows of O Cebreiro in wintertime, from which its name derives. It was officially recognised as one of the valid routes for obtaining the Compostela in 2016. This route is unique, as it passes through all four provinces of Galicia: Ourense, Lugo, Pontevedra, and A Coruña.
In France
The Way of St. James is said to have originated in France, where it is called Le Chemin de St. Jacques de Compostelle. This is the reason that the Spanish themselves refer to the Way of St. James as "the French road", since most of the pilgrims they saw were French. The origin of the pilgrimage is most often cited as the Codex Calixtinus, which is decidedly a French document. Though in the Codex everyone was called upon to join the pilgrimage, there were
four main starting points in the Cathedral cities of Tours, Vézelay, Le Puy-en-Velay and Arles. They are today all routes of the Grande Randonnée network.
Paris and Tours route
The Paris and Tours route () used to be the pilgrimage of choice for inhabitants of the Low Countries and those of northern and western France. As other routes are becoming overcrowded, that route is gaining favor, owing to the religious and touristic aspects of the monuments on the way.
One starting point is at the Tour St Jacques in Paris and then on to Orléans-Tours or Chartres-Tours. From Tours, the route passes through Poitiers and Bordeaux, the forest at Les Landes before connecting to the Camino Francés, the national trail GR 65, near Ostabat, shortly before Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port or to the Camino de la Costa in Irún.
Vézelay route
The Vézelay route passes through Limoges and joins the GR 65 near Ostabat.
Le Puy route
The Le Puy route (, ) is traveled by pilgrims starting in or passing through Le Puy-en-Velay. It passes through Conques, Cahors and Moissac before coming to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. It is part of GR 65.
Arles Way
The Arles Way ( or Chemin d'Arles) in southern France, named after that principal cathedral city goes through Montpellier, Toulouse and Oloron-Sainte-Marie before reaching the Spanish border at Col de Somport in the high Pyrenees. It is also called the Via Tolosana, a name that follows the Latin convention of the other French routes, because it passes through Toulouse, a notable pilgrimage destination in its own right. After passing the Pyrenees it is referred to as the Aragonese Way. It is the only French route not to connect to the Camino Francés at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. After taking its Aragonese name, it joins the Camino Francés at Puente la Reina.
In Belgium and the Netherlands
The Way of St. James in the Netherlands is said to have started after St. Boniface brought Christendom to Friesland and the worship of his reliquaries near Dokkum gained popularity from 800 onwards. The route did not become popular however until the 15th century, well after the Santiago Matamoros legend. There are several Cathedral towns considered official starting routes by the Dutch confraternity of St. James. Haarlem, a centuries-old starting point, has been the starting point of a modern cycling route to Santiago de Compostela since 1983, when an international workgroup of scholars researched the old route and one of them developed a set of maps. Since that time there have been other cycling routes to Santiago de Compostela published from other Dutch cities, most notably Maastricht. The Dutch and northern (Flemish) Belgians call the route the Jacobsroute. In Wallonia (southern Belgium) it is called Le Chemin de St. Jacques de Compostelle.
Another Dutch long distance path, the Pelgrimspad (Pilgrims' Path), leads from Amsterdam to Visé in Belgium (about 100 km from Namur), and may have been a route for St. James pilgrims departing from Amsterdam connecting to one of the main routes at Vézelay. Another ancient route can be traced through Ghent (note the scallop on the Pilgrims hat in bottom right panel of the Ghent Altarpiece) and Amiens to connect to Paris and the Via Turonensis, one of the four main French routes.
It is a mistake to assume that medieval pilgrims were only focussed on one goal. Most St. James pilgrims through the centuries stopped to visit other famous reliquaries, and many of the most popular ones in France and northern Spain are listed in the Codex. Many had both a scallop shell and a palm frond in their possession, indicating that they had been or were on their way to both Rome and Santiago de Compostela.
In Germany
The paths in Germany are collectively named "Wege der Jakobspilger". Other names that can be seen on trail markings are "Jakobsweg" and "Jakobspilgerweg". The German Way of St. James routes are maintained by numerous non-profit organizations. Their aim is, among others, to make the pilgrimage experience qualitative and authentic.
One section of the Way of St. James runs through the German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Hesse following the course of the historic trade route, the Via Regia from Görlitz via Bautzen, Kamenz, Großenhain, Wurzen, Leipzig, Merseburg, Naumburg (Saale), Erfurt, Gotha, Eisenach and Vacha to Fulda. It has a length of 500 km. On 6 July 2003 the first section to Erfurt was opened in Königsbrück. The opening of the second section followed on 11 October 2003 in Vacha. The section along the historic "Via Regia" is also called the Ecumenical Pilgrims' Way (Ökumenischer Pilgerweg).
Providing the link to Franconia, the Saxon Way of St. James on the Franconian Road (Sächsische Jakobsweg an der Frankenstraße) runs from Königsbrück via Wilsdruff to Grumbach (old roadbed until the 15th century) and from Bautzen via Bischofswerda, Dresden, Kesselsdorf, Grumbach, through the Tharandt Forest to Freiberg and on to Chemnitz and Zwickau, in order to join the Via Imperii coming from Leipzig, before continuing via Plauen, Hof and Bayreuth to Nuremberg. The signage was carried out in 2009-13. Between Wilsdruff and Grillenburg in the Tharandt Forest it runs in the same ancient route corridor as the Holy Way from Bohemia to Meißen, which is also being revived.
The Lahn-Rhine-Camino can be followed since 2001 and is maintained by the non-profit organization St. Jakobus-Gesellschaft Rheinland-Pfalz-Saarland e.V. since 2005. The route starts in the central part of Germany, coming from the north-east, and continues in a south-western direction. Numerous artefacts along the path provide information about earlier pilgrimages. The trail consists of two sections, the Lahn-Camino, which was updated in 2018/19 and re-signposted along the way, and the Rhine-Camino. With a total length of 190 kilometres, the trail crosses the federal state of Hesse, where it originates, and ends in Rhineland-Palatinate. Starting in Wetzlar, the route first passes through Hessian towns and villages to Weilburg. From Weilburg, the route leads via Villmar to Diez. Once in Diez, the following stages are Obernhof and then Bad Ems. The Lahn-Camino meets the Rhine-Camino in Lahnstein, from where the route follows the Rhine to Kamp-Bornhofen. From there, another 15 kilometres have to be overcome to Sankt Goarshausen, until one finishes the Rhine-Camino by arriving in Korb. Here, one has the option to continue their way towards Trier or Worms, two of the oldest cities in Germany.
In Switzerland
The Way of St. James is also known as Jakobsweg in Switzerland and the route in Switzerland is the Via Jacobi. Many routes originating in Scandinavia, Germany, Austria, Eastern Europe and even Italy/South Tyrol led to Switzerland and from there to France. Beginning in the early Middle Ages (9-10th century), pilgrims coming from northern and eastern Europe crossed into Switzerland at the Lake of Constance and journeyed across the country to Geneva at the French border. As they wandered through the countryside, the pilgrims passed by three traditional pilgrimage places, Einsiedeln Abbey, Flüeli Ranft and the Caves of Saint Beatus. They also traveled through historic cities and villages, including St. Gall, Lucerne, Schwyz, Interlaken, Thun, Fribourg, and Lausanne. Today the original paths have been restored and the Via Jacobi is an integral part of the European Way of St. James.
In Ireland
St. James's Gate in Dublin was traditionally a principal starting point for Irish pilgrims to begin their journey on the Camino de Santiago (Way of St. James). The pilgrims' passports were stamped here before setting sail, usually for A Coruña, north of Santiago. It is still possible for Irish pilgrims to get these traditional documents stamped at St James' Church, and many do, while on their way to Santiago de Compostella.
In Lithuania
Lithuanian section of the Way of Saint James is called "Camino Lituano" (official name: "Camino Lituano kultūros kelias").
The main Camino Lituano route is 500 km long. The route starts at Žagarė near Latvian ant Lithuanian border, runs through Šiauliai, Kaunas, Alytus counties and ends at Sejny in Poland, where it connects to the "Camino Polaco" route.
It has two other sections in Lithuanian regions (Aukštaitija and Samogitia), by which the main route can be reached.
In Poland
From Sandomierz to Kraków is the Lesser Poland Way
From Gniezno to Poznań, Leszno, Wschowa and Głogów is the Greater Poland Way
From Głogów to Zgorzelec and Görlitz is the Lower Silesian Way
From Lithuania via Olsztyn, Toruń, Poznań and Słubice is the Camino Polacco
From Kretinga via Elbląg and Gdańsk to Szczecin is the Camino Polacco del Norte and Pomeranian way of St. James
From Jelenia Góra to Lubań is the Via Cervimontana
From Kraków to the Czech Republic is the Silesian-Moravian Way
From Korczowa/Pilzno via Kraków to Görlitz is the Via Regia
From Kraków to the Levoča in Slovakia is known as Spišská Jakubská cesta SK
In Slovakia
Slovak section of the Way of Saint James is called "Svätojakubská cesta" (official name: "Svätojakubská cesta na Slovensku"). Other name that can sometimes be seen on trail markings is also "Jakubská cesta".
The main route in Slovakia begins in Košice in front of St Elisabeth Cathedral and ends in Bratislava on SNP Square (Bratislava). The whole route spans over 620 km and can be finished in approximately 30 days.
In Malta
In 1602, Grandmaster Alof de Wignacourt provided instructions of safe passage (a credencial) to Don Juan Benegas from St. Paul’s Grotto, Rabat, to visit holy places in Europe including Saint James In Galicia (as noted in a In a Liber Bullarum entry of the early 17th century).
The Camino Maltés route is around 3,600 km long, and connects Malta to Sicily (through Il Cammino di San Giacomo in Sicilia), Sardinia (through the Cammino di Santu Jacu), Barcelona (Camino Catalán) and eventually Santiago de Compostela.
The Maltese segment of the Camino Maltés route is approximately 35 km long. It begins at Saint Paul's Grotto, the place where Maltese tradition says that Saint Paul spent his three-month stay on the island after his shipwreck on the Maltese coast. In Malta, the Camino Maltés meets another ancient pilgrim route, now known as the Universal Peace Walk (between Mdina and Żejtun). The Maltese segment of the Camino Maltés concludes in Valletta, where pilgrims catch the ferry to Sicily.
References
External links
Walking La Via de la Plata - a short video
Caminos de Santiago
Explore the Routes of Santiago in the Basque Country in the UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
Caminho Português, the Way of St. James in Portugal
Arles route
The Way of St. James in Eastern Germany
The Way of St. James in Switzerland
The Way of St. James in Slovakia
The Camino Maltés
GPS coordinates
Outdooractive Lahn-Camino
Outdooractive Rhein-Camino
Camino de Santiago routes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino%20de%20Santiago%20%28route%20descriptions%29 |
The Wisconsin Point Light is a lighthouse located in Superior, on Wisconsin Point, in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States.
The light and attached fog horn building sits within a long sand bar – stretching between the ports of Duluth and Superior. This sand bar makes the Duluth–Superior Harbor one of the safest harbors in the world. It is "reputedly the longest freshwater sand bar in the world" and is split by this opening near its center, where the lighthouse is located. The Minnesota side of the opening is known as "Minnesota Point" (Park Point) and the Wisconsin side is known as "Wisconsin Point." It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It stands erect at 70 ft. tall.
History
The original Fresnel lens was manufactured by Sautter, Lemonnier, and Company of Paris in 1890. It was replaced with a DCB-224 aero beacon manufactured by the Carlisle & Finch Company.
It is an active navigational aid and is known as the South Breakwater Light by the United States Coast Guard in the Volume VII light list and the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System.
It is located on the southern Superior Harbor entry breakwall. The Saint Louis River, which rises in Minnesota, becomes the Saint Louis Bay, then flows into Superior Bay and exits into Lake Superior via the ship canals, at each end of (Park Point) Minnesota Point.
In July 2019, the lighthouse superstructure was put up for sale in an online auction by the U.S. GSA. The breakwater upon which it sits and the navigational aid housed within would remain U.S. Government property after the sale.
References
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) .
Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) .
External links
Aerial photos of Wisconsin Point, South Breakwater Light, Marina.com.
Lighthouse friends, Wisconsin Point Light article
Satellite view, Superior Entry South Breakwater (Wisconsin Point) Light, by Google.com.
Lighthouses completed in 1913
Buildings and structures in Douglas County, Wisconsin
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Tourist attractions in Douglas County, Wisconsin
Superior, Wisconsin
1913 establishments in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Douglas County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%20Point%20Light |
The H. E. Bailey Turnpike is an toll road in the southwestern region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The route, opened on April 23, 1964, is a four-lane limited access highway that connects Oklahoma City to Lawton in its northern section and Lawton to Wichita Falls along its southern section, roughly paralleling U.S. Route 277. The turnpike also includes an spur route that leads toward Norman, Oklahoma. Since 1982, it has been signed as a part of Interstate 44, and as such uses its mileposts. Travel along the full length of the toll road costs $5.50 for a two-axle vehicle.
Route description
The H. E. Bailey Turnpike takes a generally south to north route from Wichita Falls to Lawton before turning northeast toward Oklahoma City. The turnpike's southern section begins at US 70, north of the Texas state line. US 277 and US 281 leave I-44 at US 70, and together run parallel to the Turnpike. The turnpike runs north-northeast for 15 miles, intersecting SH 5 along with US 277 and US 281. A toll plaza is located underneath the SH 5 overpass; loop ramps feed all entering and exiting traffic into the toll plaza. Just north of SH 5, a Service Area is located in the median of the turnpike, featuring food, fuel, and restroom amenities, as well as an Oklahoma Welcome Center. The turnpike then continues north for ten more miles until it again reaches US 277 and US 281, also intersecting SH 36. The turnpike temporarily ends at this interchange, and the two US Routes join a free ODOT-maintained I-44 through Lawton.
After leaving the Lawton/Fort Sill area, US Highway 62, having joined the I-44 freeway in Lawton, along with US 277 and US 281, once again leave I-44 at an interchange north of Lawton, marking the south end of the northern section of the turnpike. The turnpike proceeds northeast, coming to an Interchange with US 277 at Elgin. A toll plaza is located near Mile 66. This plaza replaced an older facility just south of Chickasha in 2017. The turnpike continues toward Chickasha, intersecting US 81 and US 277 at the first interchange. A second interchange again junctions US 277, along with US 62 and SH 9. North of Chickasha, a Service Area is located in the median, which provides food, fuel, and restroom services. The turnpike goes north through northern Grady County, coming to a second toll plaza at Mile 97. The turnpike then has a cloverleaf interchange with the Norman Spur and SH 4. The turnpike continues northeast for ten more miles before ending at the interchange of US-62 and US 277 north of Newcastle where the three routes continue to Oklahoma City as an urban freeway.
Aside from the mainline, the turnpike also consists of a extension southwest of Newcastle also referred to as the H. E. Bailey Norman Spur. It connects I-44 and SH 4 to SH 9 and provides a shorter route to Norman when traveling from Lawton. The spur proceeds east from the mainline turnpike, and almost immediately comes to a toll plaza. Two miles east, the turnpike intersects SH 76. The Norman Spur ends at the interchange with US 62, US 277, and SH 9. Traffic coming off the spur continues straight, and is joined by SH 9 which continues the rest of the way to Norman as a divided highway.
History
Ideas for connecting Lawton and Oklahoma City started in 1953. The state highways between Oklahoma City and Lawton, were dangerously narrow, which included many 'cramped, death-trap' bridges. The route was not part of any federal interstate highway system plans, so only a turnpike was feasible. Oklahoma Senate Bill 454, which amended House Bill 933 that authorized creation of the Will Rogers Turnpike, allowed creation of a southwest turnpike and a proposed turnpike connecting Oklahoma City toward Wichita, Kansas, which was later constructed by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation and became Interstate 35.
Both HB 933 and SB 454 were submitted as State Question 359 and 360 and passed on January 26, 1954. In July 1960, an economic feasibility study was completed for the H.E. Bailey Turnpike and in November 1961, $56 million in bonds were issued for the turnpike's construction. The north section of the H. E. Bailey from southwest Oklahoma City to north Lawton was completed on March 1, 1964. The south section from south Lawton to the Texas border was completed on April 23, 1964.
In 1982, as part of Oklahoma's 75th statehood "Diamond Jubilee" celebrations, I-44 was signed through Oklahoma City to the Red River encompassing the turnpike. On October 19, 2001, the H. E. Bailey Norman Spur connecting I-44 to State Highway 9 was opened.
The route's namesake, H. E. Bailey, served as the city manager of Oklahoma City from 1941 to 1944, and later as the director of the Oklahoma Department of Transportation.
Originally, the portion of the turnpike south of Lawton was designed to parkway-like standards, with a slightly mounded grassy median and no left shoulders. It has since been completely upgraded to a cable barrier bordered by left shoulders.
In 2021, the Norman Spur became part of SH-4.
The turnpike was converted to cashless tolling via PlatePay and PikePass in Summer 2022. This was done to remove the need for toll plazas, which were seen as inefficient and prone to traffic accidents. The project, along with a project to rehabilitate the pavement between Lawton to the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, is being done in order to raise the speed limit from 75 mph to 80 mph.
Tolls
A two-axle vehicle currently pays $6.25 ($4.50 with Pikepass) to drive the full length of the Turnpike and an additional 70¢ (60¢ with Pikepass) to drive the Norman Spur. PikePass customers get free toll on the Norman Spur if they also pass through the Newcastle Mainline Toll Plaza on the same trip. Lesser tolls are also charged at some entrance ramps where shunpiking would otherwise be possible.
Full toll plazas on the H.E. Bailey Turnpike are located near the intersection with the H.E. Bailey Norman Spur, southwest of Chickasha, and under the overpass at SH-5 (Walters exit). Unattended ramp toll plazas are located at US-62 (Chickasha/Anadarko exit - eastbound exit and westbound entrance only), US-277 (Elgin/Fletcher exit - eastbound exit and westbound entrance only) on the I-44 portion of the turnpike and at SH-76 (Blanchard/Tuttle exit - westbound exit and eastbound entrance only) on the Norman Spur.
On June 21, 2022, the H.E. Bailey Turnpike from Oklahoma City to Lawton and its spur to Norman was converted to cashless tolling. The stretch from Lawton to the Texas state line converted to cashless tolling on July 27, 2022.
Services
Law enforcement along the H. E. Bailey Turnpike is provided by Oklahoma Highway Patrol Troop YC, a special troop assigned to the turnpike.
The turnpike has two service areas with both located in the median of the highway. The Walters Service Area is located north of exit number 20. The Chickasha Service Area is located north of exit number 83. Both service areas offer food, gas, and a convenience store.
Future
The OTA is currently planning to improve Whitfield Road interchange (exit 62) near Cyril on the eastern section of the turnpike. The project will convert the incomplete cloverleaf interchange into a complete diamond interchange. They will add four new exits at US-277/SH-19 between Cement and Ninnekah, SH-92 near Chickasha, County Road 1280 near Amber, and the future East-West Connector Turnpike near Newcastle.
Exit list
Mainline
H. E. Bailey Norman Spur/Toll SH-4
Note: Mile numbers on the Norman Spur, Toll SH-4, are posted 100 more than the mile they represent. For example, Mile 4 is posted as Mile 104. SH-4 was designated on the route in 2021.
See also
Oklahoma Turnpike Authority
Pikepass
References
External links
Oklahoma Turnpike Authority
Toll roads in Oklahoma
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
Interstate 44
Transport infrastructure completed in 1964
Transportation in Cotton County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Comanche County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Grady County, Oklahoma
Transportation in McClain County, Oklahoma
1964 establishments in Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20E.%20Bailey%20Turnpike |
Disneyana is a term for a wide variety of collectible toys, books, animation cels, theme-park souvenirs, ephemera and other items produced and/or licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Examples range from products featuring virtually every Disney character—such as Mickey Mouse, Tinker Bell and others—to vintage stock certificates and company checks bearing the signature of Walt Disney.
The Art Corner was a retail store that operated at Disneyland from 1955 until 1966 which sold souvenirs and Disneyana items. The Walt Disney Company subsequently opened "Disneyana Shops" on Main Street, U.S.A. at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World. High end collectible paintings, prints and figurines can now be found at The Disney Gallery and "Art of Disney Parks" stores.
The ranks of Disneyana enthusiasts grew exponentially throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Today collectors can find Disneyana items for sale through a variety of online auction sites, at regional and international comic shows and other collector events. The "Official Disneyana Convention" and Disney D23 Expo are examples of events produced by the Disney Company that prominently feature collectible items. The company produces many other specialty themed events at their parks and resorts that cater to Disneyana collectors.
Disneyana Fan Club
The Disneyana Fan Club established in 1984 is the oldest existing Disney fan or collector's club. The club identifies itself as "a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and sharing the rich legacy of Walt Disney. Our common goal is to provide Disneyana enthusiasts of all ages from around the world with news, information, and events that enhance their experience with, and love of, all things Disney." This club has nearly 30 chapters in the United States, Canada, Japan and Australia. They have produced their own conventions and gatherings for over 25 years which pre-date collector events produced by the Disney company.
Presence on eBay
The online auction company eBay lists Disneyana as a specific category of collectibles.
History
While used informally among collectors in the 1960s and 1970s, the term was brought to prominence with the publication of Disneyana: Walt Disney Collectibles by Cecil Munsey in 1974 (Hawthorn Books Inc.) The term Disneyana is not trademarked.
References
External links
Disneyana Fan Club (Official Website)
Collecting Dreams from Disney News
Disneyana.com :: A Celebration of Magic!
Disneyana.co.uk UK Disneyana Information
See also
Disney adult
Disney pin trading
Disney Vinylmation
Disney Tsum Tsum
Collecting
Disney jargon
Disney merchandise
Memorabilia
Disney fandom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disneyana |
is located in Yamanouchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Joshinetsu Kogen National Park (locally known as Shigakogen), and is located in the valley of the Yokoyu-River, in the northern part of the prefecture. The name Jigokudani, meaning "Hell's Valley", is due to the steam and boiling water that bubbles out of small crevices in the frozen ground, surrounded by steep cliffs and formidably cold and hostile forests.
The heavy snowfalls (snow covers the ground for four months a year), an elevation of , and being only accessible via a narrow footpath through the forest, keeps it uncrowded despite the park being relatively well known.
It is famous for its large population of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), more commonly referred to as snow monkeys, that go to the valley during the winter, foraging elsewhere in the national park during the warmer months. The monkeys descend from the steep cliffs and forest to sit in the warm waters of the onsen (hotsprings), and return to the security of the forests in the evenings.
However, since the monkeys are fed by park attendants, they are in the area of the hot springs all the year round, and a visit at any season will enable the visitor to observe hundreds of the macaques.
Jigokudani is not the farthest north that monkeys live. The Shimokita Peninsula is at the northern part of the Honshū island and the northwest area of this peninsula, latitude +41°31' longitude +140°56', approximately north from Jigokudani is the northern limit of Japanese macaque habitat. No (non-human) primate is known to live in a colder climate.
The Jigokudani monkey park became famous after appearing in the documentary Baraka.
Gallery
References
External links
Jigokudani Monkey Park (Yaen-Koen) Official Site
SNOW MONKEY RESORTS Official Site
Official Yamanouchi Town Guide
Enter the park through Google Street View
Zeno's Guide to Jigokudani Monkey park
Jigokudani Snow Monkey Live Cam and general info
Tourist attractions in Nagano Prefecture
Hot springs of Japan
Geography of Nagano Prefecture
Monkey parks
Articles containing video clips
Yamanouchi, Nagano | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigokudani%20Monkey%20Park |
XGIII: Extreme G Racing, also known as Extreme-G 3, is a racing video game developed by Acclaim Studios Cheltenham and published by Acclaim Entertainment for PlayStation 2 and GameCube. The game is followed by XGRA: Extreme G Racing Association.
Gameplay
It the game depicts the sport of "Extreme-G" racing in the 23rd century. The player takes the role of one of the twelve riders competing in a championship, each representing one of the six teams of two. The game career mode starts in the slowest class, 250G, and as the player progresses through the career, they will eventually make it into the 1000G class, the fastest in the game.
The sound barrier conventions from Extreme-G 2 are transferred here.
10 tracks are included, with twists, drops, and sharp turns. Extreme-G 3 handles weaponry differently, resulting in a significant change in gameplay from the first and second games. While in the first and second games, the player could pick up weapons on the track, and firing these weapons would not consume their primary weapon bar, in the third game, the player purchases weapons with money won, and firing weapons consumes a small amount of the weapon bar for each shot. Compared to the previous games, Extreme-G 3 offers fewer weapons.
Reception
Extreme-G 3 received "favorable" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Gary Whitta of NextGen called the PlayStation 2 version a solid title for fans of Wipeout-style racers. It was nominated for GameSpots annual "Best Driving Game" prize among console games, which went to Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec.
References
External links
2001 video games
Acclaim Entertainment games
Science fiction racing games
GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in the 23rd century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme-G%203 |
Ciudad San Cristóbal is a neighbourhood in the city of Mixco, and part of the department of Guatemala.
One of the biggest housing developments near Guatemala City, it was first developed by DEINCO, a major real estate company, in 1973. It spans over more than 10 square kilometers, separated from the capital by a canyon, which had made it previously very difficult to develop. DEINCO built a bridge, called the San Cristobal Bridge, to enable people to easily reach the new development from the city. At first only two lanes, the bridge had to be later expanded to 4 lanes to accommodate the enormous amount of traffic going and coming from the city.
According to the 2002 population survey by the National Institute of Statistics, the entire Mixco municipality is home to more than 400,000 people. Of these, at least 150,000 live in Ciudad San Cristóbal.
See also
List of Guatemala Cities
References
External links
San Cristóbal's Directory
Guatemala National Institute of Statistics
Populated places in Guatemala | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad%20San%20Crist%C3%B3bal |
North Farmington High School is a public high school located in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The school was established in 1961 and, as of the 2019–2020 school year, educates a student body of over 1300. The principal is Joseph Greene.
History
In 1959, many homes in the Farmington Hills area were being built by families with older children, creating demand for a new junior and senior high school. The Board of Education put together a proposal asking voters to approve a $3 million dollar bond for:
The construction of a new junior-senior high school on a site at 13 Mile Road and Farmington Road,
The construction of two new elementary schools, and
The renovation of existing schools.
The proposal was passed by voters and the final outcome of the vote was 1,618 in favor and 1,276 opposed. In January 1960, the School Board appointed Harold Humble, an assistant principal at Farmington High School, to principal of the new school. The suggested name “Farmington Northern High,” was later changed to “North Farmington High School.”
It was not until the summer of 1960 that the architectural plans were approved for the new High School. As construction continued in January 1961, the School Board unanimously approved the proposed color scheme of “shades of brown and yellow.” North Farmington High School opened on September 7, 1961 but lacked many needed supplies such as chalk boards. There were 598 students from grades 7–10 who attended that first day.
Students chose the name "Raiders" as their mascot but a personal identity was needed for the Raider, so the art class designed the original Raider logo that is still being used today and was named “El Cid.” As time went on, the Raider was increasingly referred to as the “Sidney Raider.” It is a school tradition for a student to anonymously dress up as Sidney, wearing the traditional NF cape, buccaneer hat, and Zorro-style mask, and attend high-profile North Farmington sports events in order to spark excitement in the crowd.
North Farmington is noted for its strong theater, music, art, and athletic programs. It also has a high level of alumni and community involvement, with fund raising efforts leading to the construction "Raider Plaza" at the athletic field, Holland Field. In addition to its two artificial turf fields and parquet gym floor, the school also features a performing arts wing, completed in 1999, that houses the Farmington Public Schools district television station, TV-10.
On September 8, 2008, the school hosted a campaign stop by Democratic Presidential candidate Barack Obama. He spoke to a crowd of area voters in the school's gymnasium. During the town hall-style meeting, Mr. Obama announced to the audience that the 2009 Michigan Principal of the Year award was being awarded to then North Farmington principal Richard Jones.
On March 30, 2011 that the school building was renamed the "Richard B. Jones Academic Center", in honor of the outgoing principal. Around the same time, the west wing of the school was dedicated and named the "Dean and Sue Cobb Center for Media and the Performing Arts" after two long-standing instructors.
Notable alumni
Elizabeth Berkley, '90, actress. Primarily known for playing Jessie Spano on the TV series Saved by the Bell and playing Nomi Malone in the film Showgirls.
Howard Birndorf, '67, biotechnology entrepreneur and one of the founders of the biotech industry in San Diego, California.
Pam Dawber '68, actress. Played Mindy in the TV series Mork and Mindy opposite Robin Williams. Married to Mark Harmon.
Jena Irene, '14, singer. American Idol season 13 runner-up.
Bill Joy, '71, co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Known for the creation of Berkeley Unix (BSD), the vi text editor, and the Network File System (NFS).
Drew Mahalic, '71, former NFL professional football player.
Larry Nassar, '81, convicted serial child molester who was the USA Gymnastics national team doctor and an osteopathic physician at Michigan State University
Matt Shepard, '83, Detroit Tigers Play-By-Play Broadcaster
James Wolk, '03, actor. Credits include Political Animals, You Again, Front of the Class, 'Lonestar and The Crazy Ones
Publications
The Northern Star is North Farmington's news magazine. It is published bi-monthly by the advanced journalism class and is sold for one dollar. In 2007, several newspaper staff members were selected by Michigan Interscholastic Press Association as Student Winners. The same year, the newspaper staff won a Spartan Award. The online edition of The Northern Star was awarded a Columbia University Silver Crown Award in 2011.
External links
Farmington Public Schools
North Farmington High School
References
Public high schools in Michigan
Schools in Farmington Hills, Michigan
Educational institutions established in 1961
High schools in Oakland County, Michigan
1961 establishments in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Farmington%20High%20School |
The Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada, also known as the Macdonald Commission, was a historic landmark in Canadian economy policy. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau appointed the Royal Commission in 1982, and it presented its recommendations to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in 1984. The commission's recommendations reflect three broad themes mainly derived from neoconservative ideology.
Firstly, the report suggested for Canada to foster a more flexible economy, which would be capable of adjusting to international and technological change, and it recommended greater reliance on the market mechanisms and a free trade agreement with the United States. Secondly, the commission recommended various reforms to the welfare state model and emphasized social equity and economic efficiency. Thirdly, the commission recommended the adoption of an elected Senate in order to better represent Canada's diverse regions.
Most notably, the commission’s recommendations affected trade policy directly by giving greater legitimacy and momentum to the debate surrounding free trade with the United States. Mulroney began trade negotiations with the American administration shortly after the report was released. Indeed, free trade is regarded as the signature recommendation of the commission.
Members
Chair – Donald S. Macdonald
Executive Director – Gerry Godsoe
Director of Policy – Alan Nymark
Directors of Research – Ivan Bernier, Alan Cairns, and David Chadwick Smith (Later, Kenneth Norrie and John Hartley Sargent took on the roles of co-Directors of Research).
Joint Editorial Head – David Ablett and Michel Vastel.
Further reading
Canada. Privy Council Office. Report - Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada / Donald S. Macdonald, chairman. Ottawa, Ontario: Privy Council Office, 1985.
External links
In 2005, the C. D. Howe Institute created a volume to mark the 20th anniversary of the Macdonald Commission Report.
The Canadian Encyclopedia has an overview.
The University of Toronto has the complete collection available on microtext.
Royal commissions in Canada
1982 establishments in Canada
1985 documents
Canada–United States relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macdonald%20Commission |
Exitos y Recuerdos (English: Hits and Memories) is a greatest hits collection by Selena, released nearly a year after she was killed. This album has been released with different covers and also with the name Exitos del Recuerdos the titles were "Madacy", "Rain", "Pink", "Sun", and "Special Markets". The release with the flower shirt picture has a misspelling on the back. It reads 'Come la Flor' instead of 'Como La Flor'.
Track listing
"Baila Esta Cumbia"
"Ya Ves"
"Como La Flor"
"Tengo Ganas De Llorar"
"Vuelve A Mi"
"Que Creias"
"Sukiyaki"
"Si La Quieres"
"Besitos"
Charts
Weekly charts
References
1996 greatest hits albums
Selena compilation albums
Compilation albums published posthumously | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89xitos%20y%20Recuerdos%20%28Selena%20album%29 |
"The One with Ross's Wedding" is the two-part fourth-season finale of the American television sitcom Friends, comprising the 96th and 97th episodes of the series overall. Originally broadcast by NBC on May 7, 1998, the episode features Ross, Monica, Joey, Chandler and later Rachel travelling to England to attend the wedding of Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) to his fiancée Emily (Helen Baxendale) in London. Ross and Emily's wedding vows are ruined when Ross accidentally says "I, Ross, take thee Rachel"; as the registrar asks Emily if he should continue, the episode ends on a cliffhanger until the season 5 premiere "The One After Ross Says Rachel". The episode also introduces Chandler and Monica's romantic relationship after they impulsively have a one-night stand. Lisa Kudrow won an Emmy Award for her work in the episode.
The episode's teleplay was written by Shana Goldberg-Meehan & Scott Silveri from a story by Michael Borkow (part one) and Jill Condon & Amy Toomin (part two). The episode's genesis came during the break between seasons three and four, when Channel 4, the British first-run broadcaster of Friends proposed an episode set in the United Kingdom to the series producers. The proposal fitted neatly with a storyline already being planned, whereby the character of Ross would be married at the end of the fourth season. The episode was filmed in March 1998 under the direction of executive producer Kevin S. Bright on locations in London, and in front of a live studio audience at The Fountain Studios. Scenes featuring Lisa Kudrow's character Phoebe Buffay were filmed on the show's sets in Burbank, California, as the pregnant Kudrow (and consequently her character) was unable to fly to London with the rest of the cast. Kudrow gave birth to her son on the day of the episode's original airing.
"The One with Ross's Wedding" features supporting roles from Tom Conti, Jennifer Saunders, Elliott Gould, Christina Pickles and Olivia Williams, and cameos by Richard Branson, Sarah, Duchess of York, Hugh Laurie and June Whitfield. The episode received good critical feedback in the U.S. on its first broadcast, and is often cited as one of the series' best episodes; however, when it aired in the United Kingdom it was poorly received, with criticism focused on the one-dimensional portrayal of Britain and the British.
Plot
Part 1
The group heads off to Ross's wedding in London, leaving behind a heavily pregnant Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow), and Rachel (Jennifer Aniston), who has declined the invitation because it would be too hard for her to see her ex-boyfriend get married.
In London, Joey (Matt LeBlanc) and Chandler (Matthew Perry) go see the sights in a musical montage featuring The Clash's song "London Calling", with Joey filming everything on his camcorder. Chandler becomes embarrassed by his friend's enthusiasm, and after Joey buys a large Union Flag hat from a vendor (Richard Branson), they part company. They reunite in their hotel room and Chandler apologizes. Joey impresses him with a video recording with Sarah, Duchess of York (who plays herself), but quickly becomes homesick after a phone call from Phoebe.
Emily takes Monica (Courteney Cox) and Ross to the church where the wedding will be, but they discover it is being demolished earlier than originally scheduled. Monica later suggests Emily postpone the wedding until everything is perfect. She passes the thought on to Ross, angering him; he tells her people have flown from America to be there and that it is "now or never"; she chooses "never". Monica berates Ross for his insensitivity and Ross apologizes to Emily, showing her the ceremony can still take place in the half-demolished hall that he has tidied up. She agrees.
In New York, Rachel realizes she still loves Ross, and is further taken aback that the entire group apart from Ross knew about it. Phoebe tries to help Rachel get over her feelings for Ross, but to no avail. Rachel soon decides to fly to London to tell him she loves him, ignoring Phoebe's protests.
Part 2
At the rehearsal dinner, Ross introduces his parents, Jack and Judy (Elliott Gould and Christina Pickles) to Emily's, Steven and Andrea (Tom Conti and Jennifer Saunders). Jack and Judy have volunteered to pay for half of the wedding expenses but, when they discover extravagant costs, Ross spends much of the evening trying to bargain down his future in-laws. Chandler makes a toast that is not well received by the guests and Monica is taken aback when a drunken guest mistakes her for Ross's mother. She and Chandler console each other over alcohol and wake up in bed together the next morning.
On the flight from New York to London, Rachel annoys other passengers by telling them about her relationship with Ross. Eventually, one of the passengers (Hugh Laurie) has enough of this, and calls her out on her selfishness, pointing out that while Rachel claims to love Ross, she is going to ruin the happiest day of his life, and she should accept how things are. He also says that she and Ross were definitely "on a break". Phoebe tries to contact someone by phone to warn them about Rachel, eventually getting through to Joey at the hotel on the morning of the wedding. Joey devises a plan with Monica and Chandler for the three of them to intercept Rachel, but he does not see Rachel arrive in the hall, as he is distracted by kissing a bridesmaid who had seduced him the night before. Rachel sees Ross and Emily kiss after he has urged their parents to stop their argument over the wedding. She realizes how happy Ross is with Emily and congratulates him.
Phoebe phones Joey to hear the wedding and is relieved that Rachel has come to her senses. As Ross says his vows, he accidentally says Rachel's name rather than Emily's, leaving a shocked registrar to ask Emily if he should continue, while the camera shoots from character to character, settling on a shocked Rachel.
Production
During the summer hiatus of 1997, the producers were contacted by Channel 4, the British first-run broadcaster of Friends, with a proposal to film an episode in London. Producer Greg Malins is quoted as saying "We had to come up with a storyline that would cause all the Friends to go to London [...] and that ended up being Ross getting married, because they would all have to go to his wedding". Casting Director Leslie Litt said Musician Paul McCartney was approached to play Emily's dad, but he declined as he was busy at the time.
The episode featured numerous supporting roles from British actors. For her role as Andrea Waltham, Saunders "heard Joan Collins' voice in [her] head". Her Absolutely Fabulous co-star June Whitfield appeared in cameo as the housekeeper. Felicity, the bridesmaid who Joey entices, is played by Olivia Williams. Further cameos were made by Sarah, Duchess of York as herself, Richard Branson as the vendor who sells Joey a hat, and Hugh Laurie as the man sitting next to Rachel on the plane. Lisa Kudrow did not join the others in London as she was too heavily pregnant to fly, as was her character Phoebe. Elliott Gould inadvertently revealed to the public that Rachel was to turn up at the wedding, upsetting Marta Kauffman.
Scenes not involving the main apartments were all filmed in London during the week beginning March 30, 1998. Location shooting was done mostly for scenes featuring Joey and Chandler; outside the London Marriott, Grosvenor Square, the top of an open-top London bus as it crosses Tower Bridge (this scene was excised from the final cut but features in the opening titles of the next episode), and near St John's Church, Wapping. Interiors, such as the restaurant, the Walthams' hallway and the hotel rooms, were all filmed on purpose-built sets at The Fountain Studios, Wembley. The reaction from the audience when Monica came out from under Chandler's bed covers meant the actors had to hold their position for 27 seconds. When filming ran late one evening, the production team ordered pizzas for the audience.
The episode was a coup for Channel 4, who erected crush barriers outside their building to hold back fans when the cast arrived for a press conference (though no fans actually turned up). The broadcaster also commissioned a behind-the-scenes program from Princess Productions. Hosted by British television personality Johnny Vaughan, The One Where Johnny Makes Friends features comedic tongue-in-cheek interviews with all six main cast (Vaughan contacted Kudrow by payphone, claiming that he could not make international calls from his dressing room) and was broadcast on Channel 4 on May 6, 1998.
Two brief behind-the-scenes featurettes were filmed, titled Friends Goes to London and Friends on Location in London, which were included on the DVD releases of seasons four and five. A tie-in book, Making Friends in the UK () was published by Channel 4 Books in November 1998. It was bundled into a gift pack entitled "The One with the Whole London Wedding", which featured an extended cut of the episode merged with the next episode.
Ross and Emily's marriage was originally planned to last, but Helen Baxendale did not wish to remain in America while pregnant. The writers could not script a convincing story for why Emily would not be seen, despite being married to Ross, so Baxendale was written out in the next season, making only three cameo appearances after the season premiere.
Reception
In its original airing, "The One with Ross's Wedding" finished third in ratings for the week of May 4–10, 1998, with a Nielsen rating of 21.2, equivalent to approximately 20.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on NBC that week, following Seinfeld and ER – all of which aired on the network's Thursday night Must See TV lineup. The episode aired in the Republic of Ireland on RTÉ on May 25, 1998, six days earlier than in the United Kingdom on Sky1. It also aired on Channel 4 on December 11, 1998, and was watched by 6.49 million viewers, making Friends the highest rated show on the channel for the week ending December 13, 1998.
Entertainment Weekly gives the episode an A rating, calling it a "near-perfect finale that finds everyone at the top of their game" with a "tantalizing cliff-hanger, and, in Chandler and Monica, a relationship that will have reverberations for seasons to come". The authors of Friends Like Us: The Unofficial Guide to Friends state there are "too many 'best moments' to list in detail", but single out Monica describing the perfect wedding to Ross, and Sarah Ferguson's cameo (though they call Branson's "embarrassing"). Following the broadcast of the episode in the UK, The Independent was critical, saying "Twice the length of a normal episode, last night's offering was approximately half as funny" and suggested the cast were behaving out of character.
David Schwimmer has expressed dissatisfaction that Ross was married again, saying it was "a mistake" and that Ross was not given "enough credit". He says that Ross's "taking on the world would just be shattered" and that he would not have risked marrying again. David Crane has said that filming in front of a different audience "energized the actors and writers". The hall where the wedding ceremony took place would inspire the location for the wedding of David and Victoria Beckham. The events of this episode are revisited in the seventh-season episode "The One with the Truth About London", in which flashbacks reveal how Monica and Chandler ended up in bed together. The hotel room set was recreated for those scenes.
In 2013, TV Guide ranked the beginning of the Monica-Chandler affair as the third-greatest twist of all time.
Accolades
At the 50th Primetime Emmy Awards, Lisa Kudrow won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work in the episode.
References
External links
"The One Where Johnny Makes Friends" at YouTube
Friends (season 4) episodes
1998 American television episodes
Television series produced at Pinewood Studios
Television episodes set in London
Television episodes about weddings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20One%20with%20Ross%27s%20Wedding |
Keisha White (born 31 March 1988) is an English R&B singer. She has released two albums: Seventeen in 2005 and Out of My Hands in 2006. She is the voice behind "Someday", the theme to the CBBC television series The Story of Tracy Beaker (2002–2005) and My Mum Tracy Beaker (2021).
Life and career
White was born in London, England. She attended Enfield County School for girls, then pursued a career in music whilst attending Susi Earnshaw Theatre School in Barnet, North London, alongside Jay Asforis who found fame in S Club 8. When she was 14, White was invited to perform in front of music executives at Warner Bros. Records. She sang an a cappella version of You'll Lose a Good Thing by Aretha Franklin and the record company were so impressed that they signed her. This became the first song White performed live for an audience. At the age of 15 she collaborated with Paul Oakenfold and Desert Eagle Discs.
White has toured countries in Africa, Europe, and the United States. White was involved with production, vocals and mastering working with Keith Harris, Theron Feemster, Phantom Boyz, Robin Miller. On 15 March 2004, at the age of 17, and three years after signing her record deal, White released her debut single, "Watcha Gonna Do", following a support slot on the R&B group Mis-Teeq's tour in late 2003. She also sang the theme tune for CBBC's The Story of Tracy Beaker television series and the track, titled "Someday", was included as the B-side to her debut single. She had a cameo appearance in the television movie Tracy Beaker: The Movie of Me that broadcast in February 2004.
2005–06: Seventeen
After the release of "Watcha Gonna Do", White returned in 2005 with her second single, "Don't Care Who Knows". The track featured U.S. rapper Cassidy and peaked No. 29 in the UK Singles Chart. Following the release of this single, on 7 March 2005, White's debut album Seventeen was released. Her third single, "Don't Fool a Woman in Love" was released on 23 May 2005. After the limited success of both her album and third single, White went on another hiatus, following a support slot for Beverley Knight at Rochester Castle. A third single from her debut album "The Weakness in Me", a double A-side with "Open Like So" was not released.
White then returned in 2006 with a single, the choice was apparently influenced by her friend Alicia Keys. The single was a remake of Joan Armatrading's "The Weakness in Me", the originally intended third single from her debut album. The single was released on 27 February 2006, gaining strong support from UK music channels and BBC Radio 2, enabling it to become White's biggest hit to date, peaking at no. 17 in the UK Singles Chart. Because a re-packaged and re-titled version of the album Seventeen was due in 2006, her record label decided to delete the first album, making it a rarity.
2006–07: Out of My Hands
On 19 June 2006, White released the second single from her second album, entitled "Don't Mistake Me", written by Absolute and Tracy Ackerman. The song peaked at No. 16 in the UK airplay chart, but reached only No. 48 in the UK Singles Chart. In 2006, the song featured in episode 5 of season 3 called "Oh, the Guilt!" of Grey's Anatomy.
White's second album, Out of My Hands was released on 3 July 2006, and was half made up of tracks from Seventeen and the other half newly recorded songs. The album also included the third single from Seventeen, "The Weakness in Me". The album peaked at No. 55 in the UK Albums Chart.
The third single from the album, "I Choose Life", was a version of the Celine Dion song, "Ain't Gonna Look the Other Way". This was released on 18 September 2006, reaching No. 63 in the UK chart.
White worked with ByteNight, a charity event to raise money for the NCH to help stop youth homelessness. She, along with other celebrities, designed a pillow-case which was on auction on the ByteNight website. White was nominated for best UK female at the 2006 MOBO Awards, but lost out to Corinne Bailey Rae.
2008–present
As of 2007, "Out of My Hands" remains White's most recent studio album. She released a new track, "Wrong N Right" in 2010.
On 31 March 2012, White performed a new single, "Butterflies". The single included a remix by Matt "Jam" Lamont, who remixed the Mis-Teeq single "Why" and turned it into a top ten hit.
One of White's famous fans is grime artist Stormzy, who revealed in 2019 that her single "The Weakness in Me" is one of his all-time favourite songs. He sampled her song "Someday" on his track "Superheroes" and on BBC Radio 1 with Clara Amfo during promotion of his second studio album Heavy is the Head. Stormzy said (on "Someday") "that is one of the most prominent pieces of black British music, in terms of R&B. That's Keisha White singing – wonderful – I love Keisha White!"
In 2020, a new updated version of "Someday" was recorded to coincide with the premiere of My Mum Tracy Beaker, in which the track is also used. On 26 March 2021, the new version of "Someday" was released. It was the first time the song had been released as a single in its own right after only previously being available as the b-side to White's debut single "Watcha Gonna Do". A remix by Oliver Nelson was released on 2 April 2021.
Discography
Seventeen (2005)
Out of My Hands (2006)
Personal life
On Mother's Day 2021, White announced on Instagram that she had given birth to her first child on 12 March 2021.
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
British contemporary R&B singers
21st-century Black British women singers
Musicians from Tottenham
English people of Saint Kitts and Nevis descent
British women pop singers
British soul singers
People educated at Susi Earnshaw Theatre School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keisha%20White |
Joseph A. Kiselewski (February 16, 1901– February 26, 1988) was a sculptor. He was born near Browerville, Minnesota, trained in Minneapolis, New York, Paris, and Rome, and had a New York City studio from 1929 to 1980.
Biography
Kiselewski was born to Polish immigrant farmers in Ward township just north of Browerville, Minnesota Polish was his first language and he was the fourth of nine children. Young Joseph attended a one-room public country school, then a Polish school, and later graduated from the Minneapolis School of Art. A number of teachers and mentors, including Kiselewski's parish priest Fr. John Gudzeck, encouraged him to attend art school. Although his father discouraged him, Kiselewski moved to New York City, where he studied at the National Academy of Design and at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design. From 1922 to 1926 he worked as an assistant to sculptor Lee Lawrie.
Kiselewski won the Parisian Beaux Arts competition in 1925; received the Prix de Rome in 1926–1929, established a studio in New York in 1929, and was elected an Associate of the National Academy of Design, New York City, in 1936, and an Academician in 1944. He received the J. Sanford Saltus Medal in 1970 for excellence in the art of medallic sculpture. He designed numerous medals including some for the US Air Force and the US Army (including those for good conduct) in his lifetime, in addition to the American Defense Service Medal.
Four sculptures by Kiselewski are in the public art collection of the Bronx, in New York City. They include his involvement, in 1932, with several other art deco era sculptors in the creation of Eight Statuary Groups, each 100" x 121" x 70", sculpted from Georgia pink marble, sited at the Bronx County Courthouse, 161st Street & Grand Concourse. Kiselewski's three-feet high granite Frogs, are located at P.S. 18 and Patterson Houses, on Morris Avenue, between 145th and 146th Streets. His bronze bust of Sylvanus Thayer, 1966, is in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans, Bronx Community College/CUNY, on University Avenue and West 181st Street, as is his bronze bust of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., 1970.
For the Netherlands American Cemetery in Margraten Kiselwski designed "Peace" or the "Mourning Woman" of a mother remembering her son. Kiselewski designed a statue of Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, which is located on the campus of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
In 1977 and 1980, Kiselewski donated his papers, covering the period, 1923–1980, to the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Included in the papers were biographical material; award and teaching certificates; files on sculpture commissions containing contracts, correspondence, financial records, sketches, printed material, notes and photographs; approximately three hundred photographs of the sculptor, his studio, and his work; 2 pencil drawings; and other items.
George Gurney, a Washington, D.C. curator and art historian interviewed twenty-one sculptors in 1977–1978, one of which was Joseph Kiselewski, for an exhibition, "Sculpture and the Federal Triangle," held at the National Museum of American Art, October 26, 1979 through January 6, 1980. While Gurney conducted most of the interviews on tape, there is only a questionnaire answered by Kiselewski, which is part of the Gurney material, also on file in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
In 1980 Kiselewski retired to Browerville Minnesota, his birthplace. He opened a studio and created several busts including one of his boyhood parish priest, Fr. Gudzek. Gudzek. The Gudzek bust, along with a collection of photographs, busts, and small sculptures, are on display at the American Heritage Bank Browerville. Two of his large statuary sculptures are located in front of the Catholic church in Browerville. On March 26, 1987, Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich visited Browerville and declared the day officially "Joe Kiselewski Day".
See also
List of Saltus Award winners
References
External links
Minneapolis college of art and design
askart online art directory and auction listings
artprice online art biographies and auction listings
US military information site
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Army medal information
Time, sculpture at 1939 New York World's Fair
The sculptures of Joseph Kiselewski
1901 births
1988 deaths
American architectural sculptors
American male sculptors
Modern sculptors
People from Browerville, Minnesota
National Academy of Design alumni
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
Sculptors from Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Kiselewski |
Heath Shaw (born 27 November 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League (AFL). Heath grew up in Diamond Creek and played junior sport for Diamond Creek Football Club and Diamond Creek Cricket Club.
AFL career
After being drafted under the father–son rule in the 2003 AFL Draft at pick 48 to , Shaw made his AFL debut in 2005 against St Kilda at the Telstra Dome. He was a solid contributor since making his debut, with his best game being his first. A running defender, Heath has pace and good ball skills which can make him into a good footballer. He played all possible remaining 6 games of the season and kicked his first goal against Adelaide in Round 21.
Collingwood (2006–2013)
Shaw had a stunning 2006 season, being quickly noted for his ball-winning ability out of the back-line and his consistency and reliability which was a key to the success of the Magpies. He played 22 games, with his first being in Round 2 against Hawthorn after being a late replacement for Scott Burns. Shaw had played for VFL affiliate Williamstown, where he had 30 touches in wet and windy conditions, only 24 hours before his call up. Shaw kept his spot for the rest of the season, building game-time each week early on to becoming a valuable player to the side. In Round 4 on ANZAC Day against Essendon he had 23 touches and 10 marks, and in the following week, he won an AFL Rising Star nomination. Shaw had 16 games with 18 or more disposals during the season, which showed his consistency. He somewhat tailed off at the end of the season, but still was effective with his one percenters. Shaws ended up having 448 disposals (313 kicks, 135 handballs) at an average of more than 20 touches a game. His best game being against where he had 27 kicks, six handballs, 11 marks and kicked a fantastic goal in a thriller at AAMI Stadium. Heath also had 160 marks and accumulated 2210 Champion Data ranking points at an average of 100, and was ranked inside the top 10 in a game on 13 occasions, including two no.1 game rankings.
Shaw played in his first final against the Western Bulldogs, but Collingwood lost. Shaw also came third in the 2006 AFL Rising Star behind Danyle Pearce of and Andrew Raines of . Shaw also polled six votes in the 2006 Brownlow Medal, including a game-high of three votes in the Round 12 game against the Sydney Swans. Shaw also placed fourth in the 2006 Copeland Trophy.
In 2007, Shaw started the season in great fashion. He would have a solid pre-season and then become one of the players of the first quarter of the year; leading the league in kicks (114 @ 19.0) after round 6. He had an extraordinary opening game of the season, where he had 27 disposals, and collected two Brownlow votes despite giving away five free kicks, including a 50-metre penalty in the final minutes of the game, which resulted in a Shannon Grant controversial miss. On Anzac Day, Shaw would put on a show of courage and determination in where he won the Anzac Day Medal, racking up 23 kicks, nine handballs and 13 marks against the Bombers. Essendon coach Kevin Sheedy labelled the Shaw boys as trouble and a pair that needed to be stopped. Heath would be on notice by opposition coaches for the majority of the season, with taggers Kane Cornes and Kane Johnson to name a few would be told to restrict his run off half-back. Shaw's All-Australian form would deteriorate with the extra attention, as well as a corked thigh/quad he encountered against Fremantle in round ten. He would be heavily bandaged on his left leg for the rest of the season.
Shaw played an exciting brand of football late in the season, including a good finals series. He would have 25 disposals in the losing preliminary final in which the club lost to the eventual premiers, Geelong by five points. Shaw would poll seven votes in the Brownlow Medal, as well as finish equal fourth (fifth on the new countback system) in the Copeland Trophy and was considered unlucky not to be selected in the All-Australian team.
Shaw started 2008 well with a best-on-ground performance against , but found the going tough mid-season when opposition clubs finally discovered ways to curb his influence. Shaw and Alan Didak were suspended for the rest of the season by the club following a serious late-night indiscretion.
Hamstring troubles and a suspension for contact with an umpire caused a slow start to 2009. He played only two of the first six matches before returning in round seven against St Kilda and did not miss a beat for the remainder of the year. Was one of the most consistent Magpies in the finals. Finished third in the Copeland Trophy and won the Bob Rose Trophy as the Best Finals Player.
In 2010 he was one of Collingwood's best players across the two Grand Finals. He enshrined himself in Collingwood history in the replay by his freakish smother of Nick Riewoldt who meandered to the goal line. Shaw managed to knock the ball free from Riewoldt's hands before it could even touch his boot to save a certain goal and tip the momentum Collingwood's way.
By mid-year 2011 he was a popularly tipped by most pundits to be a certain inclusion in the All-Australian team but after he was found to have laid a bet on teammate he was suspended for the rest of the season.
In 2013, Shaw's on-field issues were highlighted again during Collingwood's loss to Port Adelaide in the Elimination Final where he played on Angus Monfries. During the game, Shaw gave away a crucial free kick in the goal square early in the second quarter and after the siren for half-time rang, he threw the ball at Monfries' head. At the end of the 2013 season, Collingwood agreed to trade Shaw despite signing a two-year contract extension in 2012.
Greater Western Sydney (2014–2020)
In October 2013, Shaw was traded to Greater Western Sydney in exchange for Taylor Adams.
In 2015, he won the Kevin Sheedy Medal as Greater Western Sydney's best and fairest.
Shaw was recognised for his defensive efforts by earning a place in the back-pocket in the 2015 All-Australian team. He was also selected in the 2016 All-Australian team, this time on the half-back line.
Controversies
Shaw was involved in a late-season controversy in 2008 when he was charged with drink driving after crashing into a parked car and reportedly registering a blood alcohol reading of 0.144. On 4 August the Collingwood Football Club released a statement saying that Shaw had lied to them; teammate Alan Didak was his passenger when the accident happened, but Shaw and Didak denied this and the entire team fronted the media in a show of unity, where Shaw refused to divulge the identity of the passenger under media questioning. He was backed up by captain Scott Burns. However eyewitnesses identified Didak, and after the pair admitted to lying to their teammates and club officials, they were banned until the end of the season.
In Round 3, 2009, Shaw pushed umpire Michael Vozzo off-balance after he had paid a free kick to the opposition. This resulted in Shaw being suspended for one game and fined $1950.
Shaw was suspended by the AFL in July 2011 after it was found that he had paid $10 to a friend to bet on teammate Nick Maxwell to be the first goalscorer in Collingwood's Round 9 match against Adelaide. AFL integrity rules prohibit all players and club officials from participating in any form of betting on football matches. He was fined $20,000 and suspended for 8 weeks, as well as a six-week suspended sentence.
During the 2014 off-season, Shaw was detained by Victorian police for drunken behaviour early on the morning of the AFL Grand Final, which his brother Rhyce was to take part in for the Sydney Swans. He was the second Giants player to fall foul of the law in 2014, after teammate Toby Greene was suspended for five matches earlier in the season also for drunken behaviour following the team's 111-point loss to in Round 8.
In round five, 2017, during the third quarter of the twelfth Sydney Derby, Shaw made an insensitive comment towards Sydney Swans player Tom Papley while being tackled.
Education
Shaw attended Loyola College, Watsonia, in Melbourne's outer north-east suburbs.
Personal life
Shaw is the son of former Collingwood captain Ray Shaw, and brother of Rhyce. He is also the nephew of premiership captain and Norm Smith Medallist, Tony Shaw and former Collingwood player Neville Shaw. His cousin Brayden (son of Tony) was drafted in the same year as Heath, but he failed to play a game before being delisted in 2005.
Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of 2020
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 66 || 24 || 90 || 40 || 11 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 11.0 || 4.0 || 15.0 || 6.7 || 1.8 || 0
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 22 || 9 || 4 || 313 || 136 || 449 || 160 || 54 || 0.4 || 0.2 || 14.2 || 6.2 || 20.4 || 7.3 || 2.5 || 6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 25 || 2 || 4 || 361 || 126 || 487 || 164 || 68 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 14.4 || 5.0 || 19.5 || 6.6 || 2.7 || 7
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 18 || 6 || 5 || 247 || 119 || 366 || 125 || 33 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 13.7 || 6.6 || 20.3 || 6.9 || 1.8 || 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 21 || 2 || 3 || 295 || 187 || 482 || 118 || 43 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 14.0 || 8.9 || 23.0 || 5.6 || 2.0|| 5
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
| scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C | 2010# ||
| 39 || 23 || 5 || 3 || 345 || 144 || 489 || 129 || 53 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 15.0 || 6.3 || 21.3 || 5.6 || 2.3|| 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 17 || 2 || 2 || 282 || 95 || 377 || 116 || 60 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 16.6 || 5.6 || 22.2 || 6.8 || 3.5|| 3
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 21 || 9 || 2 || 318 || 105 || 423 || 107 || 58 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 15.1 || 5.0 || 20.1 || 5.1 || 2.8|| 1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 39 || 20 || 1 || 6 || 278 || 113 || 391 || 114 || 60 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 13.9 || 5.7 || 19.6 || 5.7 || 3.0|| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|style="text-align:center;" style="white-space: nowrap;| || 23
| 17 || 0 || 3 || 275 || 82 || 357 || 83 || 30 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 16.2 || 4.8 || 21.0 || 4.9 || 1.8 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 22 || 1 || 2 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 420† || 97 || 517 || 145 || 61 || 0.0 || 0.1 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 19.1† || 4.4 || 23.5 || 6.6 || 2.8 || 0
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 24 || 1 || 0 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 503† || 77 || 580 || 183 || 61 || 0.0 || 0.0 || bgcolor=CAE1FF | 21.0† || 3.2 || 24.2 || 7.6 || 2.5|| 2
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 25 || 0 || 4 || 393 || 122 || 515 || 151 || 37 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 15.7 || 4.9 || 20.6 || 6.0 || 1.5|| 0
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 20 || 0 || 2 || 361 || 84 || 445 || 115 || 53 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 18.1 || 4.2 || 22.3 || 5.8 || 2.7|| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 26 || 0 || 1 || 419 || 103 || 522 || 177 || 60 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 16.1 || 4.0 || 20.1 || 6.8 || 2.3|| 0
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2020
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 17 || 3 || 1 || 162 || 47 || 209 || 78 || 38 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 9.5 || 2.8 || 12.3 || 4.6 || 2.2|| 0
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 325
! 42
! 42
! 5062
! 1667
! 6729
! 2017
! 781
! 0.1
! 0.1
! 15.8
! 5.2
! 21.0
! 6.3
! 2.4
! 34
|}
Notes
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Collingwood Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club premiership players
Greater Western Sydney Giants players
Northern Knights players
Kevin Sheedy Medal winners
All-Australians (AFL)
VFL/AFL premiership players
People educated at Loyola College
People from Diamond Creek, Victoria
People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath%20Shaw |
The medial meniscus is a fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially, located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia. It is also referred to as the internal semilunar fibrocartilage. The medial meniscus has more of a crescent shape while the lateral meniscus is more circular. The anterior aspects of both menisci are connected by the transverse ligament. It is a common site of injury, especially if the knee is twisted.
Structure
The meniscus attaches to the tibia via coronary ligaments.
Its anterior end, thin and pointed, is attached to the anterior intercondyloid fossa of the tibia, in front of the anterior cruciate ligament;
Its posterior end is fixed to the posterior intercondyloid fossa of the tibia, between the attachments of the lateral meniscus and the posterior cruciate ligament.
It is fused with the tibial collateral ligament which makes it far less mobile than the lateral meniscus. The points of attachment are relatively widely separated and, because the meniscus is wider posteriorly than anteriorly, the anterior crus is considerably thinner than the posterior crus. The greatest displacement of the meniscus is caused by external rotation, while internal rotation relaxes it.
During rotational movements of the tibia (with the knee flexed 90 degrees), the medial meniscus remains relatively fixed while the lateral part of the lateral meniscus is displaced across the tibial condyle below.
Function
The medial meniscus separates the tibia and femur to decrease the contact area between the bones, and serves as a shock absorber reducing the peak contact force experienced. It also reduces friction between the two bones to allow smooth movement in the knee and distribute load during movement.
Clinical significance
Injury
Acute injury to the medial meniscus frequently accompanies an injury to the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) or MCL (medial collateral ligament). A person occasionally injures the medial meniscus without harming the ligaments. Healing of the medial meniscus is generally not possible unless the patient is very young, usually <15 years old. Damage to the outer third of the meniscus has the best healing potential because of the blood supply, but the inner two thirds of the medial meniscus has a limited blood supply and thus limited healing ability. Large tears to the meniscus may require surgical repair or removal. In terms of a meniscus tear, the doctor can categorize the injury in a plethora of ways. For example, a tear on the outer edge of the meniscus has great chance of healing. Doctors call this site the “red zone” because this outer portion of the meniscus is highly vascularized; therefore, it receives the amount of nutrients and support needed for a successful recovery. Conversely, the inner two-thirds of the meniscus are called the “white zone.” This portion of the meniscus is not highly vascularized; it receives its nourishment from only the synovial fluid via diffusion. Considering these facts, doctors consider different treatments to different kinds of tears:
If the meniscus has to be removed (menisectomy) because of injury (either because it cannot heal or because the damage is too severe), the patient has an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis in the knee later in life. If the meniscus is removed and there is no arthritis, there are now meniscus transplant options if the patient is young and has normal alignment.
More chronic injury occurs with osteoarthritis, made worse by obesity and high-impact activity. The medial meniscus and the medial compartment are more commonly affected than the lateral compartment.
See also
meniscus
tear of meniscus
cartilage
unhappy triad
meniscal cartilage replacement therapy
Additional images
References
Books
External links
()
Medial Meniscus Tear Knee MR
Knee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial%20meniscus |
Abies holophylla, also called needle fir or Manchurian fir, is a species of fir native to mountainous regions of northern Korea, southern Ussuriland, and China in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning.
It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing to tall and in trunk diameter with a narrowly conical crown of horizontal spreading branches. The bark is scaly and gray-brown with resin blisters. The leaves ("needles") are flattened, long and thick, spread at right angles from the shoot, and end in a point.
They spread on two sides, but not flat like for example in silver fir. Usually they more or less rise up forming with the shoot a V-shape empty compartment above it. Unlike in silver fir, the leaves here are sharp and prickly, without any indentation at the top.
They are bright green above and whitish-green below with 2 whitish strips, each of which is formed by 7–10 wax-covered stomatal bands. The shoots are glabrous, shiny yellow-gray when young and turning gray-brown. The cones are long by wide, yellow-brown, and slightly tapering with a bluntly rounded apex. The scale bracts are hidden under the cone scales. The seeds, long with a wedge-shaped wing long, are released after the cones disintegrate at maturity in October.
Manchurian fir is sometimes, but not commonly, used as an ornamental plant.
Gallery
References
External links
Flora of China
Gymnosperm Database
UConn Plant Database
holophylla
Flora of the Russian Far East
Flora of Manchuria
Flora of Korea
Trees of China
Trees of Korea
Trees of Siberia
Taxa named by Karl Maximovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abies%20holophylla |
The lateral meniscus (external semilunar fibrocartilage) is a fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint. It is one of two menisci of the knee, the other being the medial meniscus. It is nearly circular and covers a larger portion of the articular surface than the medial. It can occasionally be injured or torn by twisting the knee or applying direct force, as seen in contact sports.
Structure
The lateral meniscus is grooved laterally for the tendon of the popliteus, which separates it from the fibular collateral ligament.
Its anterior end is attached in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia, lateral to, and behind, the anterior cruciate ligament, with which it blends; the posterior end is attached behind the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia and in front of the posterior end of the medial meniscus.
The anterior attachment of the lateral meniscus is twisted on itself so that its free margin looks backward and upward, its anterior end resting on a sloping shelf of bone on the front of the lateral process of the intercondyloid eminence.
Close to its posterior attachment it sends off a strong fasciculus, the ligament of Wrisberg, which passes upward and medialward, to be inserted into the medial condyle of the femur, immediately behind the attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament.
The lateral meniscus gives off from its anterior convex margin a fasciculus which forms the transverse ligament.
Variation
Occasionally a small fasciculus passes forward to be inserted into the lateral part of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Clinical significance
The lateral meniscus is less likely to be injured or torn than the medial meniscus. Diagnosis of lateral meniscus tear is done with McMurray's test. If a tear is detected, treatment depends on the type and size of the tear. Small tears can be treated conservatively, with rest, ice, and pain medications until the pain is under control, then exercise may be started with gradually increasing intensity, to improve range of motion and decrease swelling. More severe tears of the lateral meniscus require surgical repair or removal, which can often be done arthroscopically. Swelling and stiffness of the knee can occur when you have a torn lateral meniscus.
Additional images
See also
Discoid meniscus
Meniscal cartilage replacement therapy
References
External links
()
Joints
Lower limb anatomy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20meniscus |
The following are the association football events of the year 2010 throughout the world.
News
In 2010, the two top-level leagues in the United States both added at least one new team:
Major League Soccer, which also has one team in Canada and is recognized as the top level of the (men's) sport in that country, added its 16th team, Philadelphia Union, located in the Philadelphia suburb of Chester, Pennsylvania.
Women's Professional Soccer, which currently has teams only in the United States, added two teams to the six teams returning from its inaugural 2009 season:
The Atlanta Beat, the new incarnation of a team from the defunct Women's United Soccer Association, who play in the Atlanta suburb of Kennesaw, Georgia.
Philadelphia Independence, sister team to Philadelphia Union. Due to construction delays at the new stadium it will eventually share with Union, Independence played their first season in another Philadelphia suburb, West Chester, Pennsylvania.
However, during the 2010 WPS season, another charter team, Saint Louis Athletica, folded, bringing WPS back to the same number of teams it had in the 2009 season. The league also lost its season champions, FC Gold Pride, and the Chicago Red Stars, although it will add an expansion team in Western New York for 2011.
Following the 2010 MLS regular season, the Kansas City Wizards announced a name change to Sporting Kansas City.
Events
Men's national teams
FIFA
11 June – 11 July: 2010 FIFA World Cup in
4th:
14 August – 22 August: 2010 IBSA World Blind Football Championship in
4th:
CAF
10 January – 31 January: 2010 African Cup of Nations in
4th:
AFC
December 1–29: 2010 AFF Suzuki Cup in and
Winners:
Runners-up:
Third place: ,
Women's national teams
24 February – 3 March: 2010 Algarve Cup in
4th:
4–21 November 2010: 2010 South American Women's Football Championship in
4th:
Women's youth
July 13 – August 1: 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in
4th:
5 September - 25 September: 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in
4th:
March 3 - March 17: 2010 South American U-20 Women Championship in
4th:
Multi-sports events
Men
August 12–25: 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in
4th:
November 7–25: 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou,
4th:
Women
August 12–24: 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in
4th:
November 14–22: 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou,
4th:
Club football
Women
National champions
AFC
Australia – Sydney FC
Bahrain – Al-Ahli (Manama)
Bangladesh – Dhaka Abahani
Bhutan – Yeedzin FC
Cambodia – Phnom Penh Crown
China PR – Shandong Luneng
Chinese Taipei – Kaohsiung County Taipower FC
Guam – Quality Distributors
Hong Kong – South China
India – Dempo SC
Indonesia – Arema Indonesia
Iran – Sepahan
Iraq – Dohuk FC
Japan – Nagoya Grampus
Jordan – Al-Faisaly Amman
Kuwait – Qadsia SC
Kyrgyzstan – Dordoi-Dynamo Naryn
Lebanon – Al Ahed
Macau – Windsor Arch Ka I
Malaysia – Selangor FA
Oman – Al-Suwaiq
Pakistan – KRL
Palestine – Jabal Mukabar
Qatar – Al-Gharafa Doha
Saudi Arabia – Al-Hilal Riyadh
Singapore – Etoile FC
South Korea – FC Seoul
Syria – Al-Jaish
Tajikistan – Esteghlal Dushanbe
Thailand – Muangthong United F.C.
Turkmenistan – Balkan FK
UAE – Al Wahda
Uzbekistan – Bunyodkor Tashkent
Vietnam – Hà Nội T&T F.C.
CAF
Algeria – MC Alger
Angola – Interclube
Benin – ASPAC FC
Botswana – Township Rollers FC
Burkina Faso – ASFA Yennega
Burundi – Vital'O F.C.
Cameroon – Cotonsport Garoua
Cape Verde – Boavista FC
Central African Republic – Olympic Real de Bangui
Chad – Tourbillon FC
Comoros – Elan Club
Congo – Saint Michel d'Ouenzé
DR Congo – AS Vita Club
Djibouti – AS Port
Egypt – Al-Ahly
Equatorial Guinea – Deportivo Mongomo
Eritrea – unknown
Ethiopia – Saint-George SA
Gabon – US Bitam
Gambia – Gambia Ports Authority F.C.
Ghana – Aduana Stars
Guinea – Fello Star
Guinea-Bissau – Sporting Clube de Bissau
Ivory Coast – ASEC Mimosas
Kenya – Ulinzi Stars
Lesotho – Matlama FC
Liberia – unknown
Libya – Al Ittihad
*Madagascar – CNaPS Sport
Malawi – Silver Strikers F.C.
Mali – Stade Malien
Mauritania – CF Cansado
Mauritius – Pamplemousses SC
Morocco – Wydad Casablanca
Mozambique – Liga Muçulmana de Maputo
Namibia – African Stars F.C.
Niger – ASFAN
Nigeria – Enyimba
Réunion – US Stade Tamponnaise
Rwanda – APR FC
São Tomé and Príncipe – GD Sundy
Senegal – ASC Diaraf
Seychelles – St Michel United FC
Sierra Leone – East End Lions F.C.
Somalia – Gayher FC
South Africa – Supersport United FC
Sudan – Al-Hilal (Omdurman)
Swaziland – Young Buffaloes
Tanzanian – Simba SC
Togo – not held
Tunisia – Espérance Sportive de Tunis
Ugandan – Bunamwaya SC
Zambia – ZESCO United F.C.
Zanzibar – Zanzibar Ocean View F.C.
Zimbabwe – Motor Action F.C.
CONCACAF
Note: "(A)" means Apertura champion; (B) means Bicentenario champion; "(C)" means Clausura champion.
Note: "(P)" designates the league champion, by winning the playoffs; "(R)" designates the regular season champion.
Saint Kitts: Newtown United
Saint Lucia: Roots Alley Ballers
Saint-Martin: Orleans Attackers
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Avenues United
Sint Maarten: D & P Connection
Turks and Caicos Islands: AFC Academy
CONMEBOL
Argentina – Argentinos Juniors (C); Estudiantes (A)
Bolivia – Jorge Wilstermann (A); Oriente Petrolero (C)
Brazil – Fluminense
Chile – Universidad Católica
Colombia – Junior (A); Once Caldas (C)
Ecuador – LDU Quito
Paraguay – Guaraní (A); Libertad (C)
Peru – Universidad San Martín
Uruguay – Peñarol
Venezuela – Caracas
Note: "(A)" means Apertura champion; "(C)" mean Clausura champion.
OFC
– ongoing
French Polynesia – AS Tefana
New Caledonia – ongoing
– Waitakere United
UEFA
Albania: Dinamo Tirana
Andorra: FC Santa Coloma
Armenia: Pyunik Yerevan
Austria: Red Bull Salzburg
Azerbaijan: Inter Baku
Belarus: FC BATE Borisov
Belgium: Anderlecht
Bosnia and Herzegovina: FK Željezničar Sarajevo
Bulgaria: Litex Lovech
Croatia: Dinamo Zagreb
Cyprus: Omonia
Czech Republic: Sparta Prague
Denmark: Copenhagen
England: Chelsea
Estonia: FC Flora Tallinn
Faroe Islands: HB Thorshavn
Finland: HJK Helsinki
France: Marseille
Georgia: Olimpi Rustavi
Germany: Bayern Munich
Greece: Panathinaikos
Hungary: Debreceni VSC
Iceland: Breiðablik UBK
Republic of Ireland: Shamrock Rovers
Israel: Hapoel Tel Aviv
Italy: Internazionale
Kazakhstan: Tobol Kostanay
Latvia: Skonto Riga
Lithuania: Ekranas Panevezys
Luxembourg: Jeunesse Esch
Macedonia: Renova
Malta: Birkirkara
Moldova: Sheriff Tiraspol
Montenegro: Rudar Pljevlja
Netherlands: Twente
Northern Ireland: Linfield
Norway: Rosenborg Trondheim
Poland: Lech Poznań
Portugal: Benfica
Romania: Cluj
Russia: FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
San Marino: Tre Fiori
Scotland: Rangers
Serbia: Partizan
Slovakia: MŠK Žilina
Slovenia: Koper
Spain: Barcelona
Sweden: Malmö FF
Switzerland: Basel
Turkey: Bursaspor
Ukraine: Shakhtar Donetsk
Wales: The New Saints
Domestic cup winners
AFC
Japan
Emperor's Cup: Kashima Antlers
Qatar
Emir of Qatar Cup: Al-Rayyan
Singapore
Singapore Cup: Bangkok Glass
Thailand
Thai FA Cup: Chonburi FC
CAF
South Africa
Nedbank Cup: Bidvest Wits
CONCACAF
Canada
Canadian Championship: Toronto FC
Suriname
Beker van Suriname: Excelsior
United States
U.S. Open Cup: Seattle Sounders FC
CONMEBOL
Brazil
Copa do Brasil: Santos
OFC
New Zealand
Chatham Cup: Miramar Rangers
UEFA
England
FA Cup: Chelsea
League Cup: Manchester United
France
Coupe de France: Paris Saint-Germain
Coupe de la Ligue: Marseille
Germany
DFB-Pokal: Bayern Munich
Greece
Greek Cup: Panathinaikos
Italy
Coppa Italia: Internazionale
Netherlands
KNVB Cup: Ajax
Portugal
Taça de Portugal: Porto
Taça da Liga: Benfica
Russia
Russian Cup: Zenit St. Petersburg
Scotland
Scottish Cup: Dundee United
Scottish League Cup: Rangers
Slovenia
Slovenian Cup: Maribor
Spain
Copa del Rey: Sevilla
Turkey
Turkish Cup: Trabzonspor
Deaths
January
1 January – Sergio Messen, Chilean midfielder (60)
1 January – Jean-Pierre Posca, French defender (57)
3 January - Gus Alexander, Scottish footballer (75)
7 January – Alex Parker, Scottish defender (74)
9 January - Améleté Abalo, Togolese football manager (47)
11 January - Johnny King, English footballer (83)
13 January - Tommy Sloan, Scottish footballer (84)
15 January – Detlev Lauscher, German striker (57)
18 January – Lino Grava, Italian defender (82)
19 January – Nils Jensen, Danish goalkeeper (74)
19 January – Panajot Pano, Albanian striker (70)
19 January - Christos Hatziskoulidis, Greek footballer (57)
20 January - Jack Parry, Welsh footballer (86)
21 January – Marino Bergamasco, Italian midfielder (84)
26 January – Lars Larsson, Swedish defender (76)
February
1 February - Bobby Kirk, Scottish footballer (82)
3 February – Gil Merrick, English goalkeeper (88)
5 February – Galimzyan Khusainov, Russian striker (72)
7 February - Bobby Dougan, Scottish footballer (83)
8 February – Angelo Franzosi, Italian goalkeeper (88)
9 February – Constant de Backer, Belgian midfielder (81)
10 February – Orlando, Brazilian defender (74)
11 February – Brian Godfrey, Welsh striker (69)
11 February – Yury Sevidov, Russian striker (67)
12 February – Werner Krämer, German striker (70)
12 February – Petar Borota, Serbian goalkeeper (57)
12 February – Luis Molowny, Spanish midfielder and manager (84)
13 February – Marian Parse, Romanian striker (23, cancer)
14 February – Zhang Yalin, Chinese midfielder (28, lymphoma)
February 15 – Juan Carlos González, Uruguayan defender, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (85)
16 February – Wan Chi Keung, Hong Kong striker (53)
18 February - Alan Gordon, Scottish footballer (65)
20 February - Bobby Cox, Scottish footballer (76)
22 February - Bobby Smith, Scottish footballer (56)
23 February – Gerhard Neef, German goalkeeper (63)
27 February - Charlie Crowe, English footballer (85)
28 February - Adam Blacklaw, Scottish footballer (72)
March
3 March - Keith Alexander, English footballer (53)
4 March - Tony Richards, English footballer (75)
6 March - Mansour Amirasefi, Iranian footballer (76)
6 March - Endurance Idahor, Nigerian footballer (25)
9 March - Gheorghe Constantin, Romanian footballer (77)
11 March - Wille MacFarlane, Scottish footballer (79)
12 March - Aleksandr Minayev, Russian footballer (51)
12 March - Hugh Robertson, Scottish footballer (70)
13 March - Édouard Kargu, French footballer (84)
13 March - Charlie Ashcroft, English footballer (83)
17 March - Abdellah Blinda, Moroccan footballer (58)
18 March - Júlio Correia da Silva, Portuguese footballer (90)
19 March - Bob Curtis, English footballer (60)
20 March - Naim Kryeziu, Albanian footballer (92)
27 March - Zbigniew Gut, Polish footballer (60)
28 March - Derlis Florentín, Paraguayan footballer (26)
April
3 April - Oleg Kopayev, Russian footballer (72)
6 April - Sid Storey, English footballer (90)
9 April - Zoltán Varga, Hungarian footballer (65)
10 April - Manfred Reichert, German footballer (69)
11 April - Hans-Joachim Göring, German footballer (86)
11 April - Theodor Homann, German footballer (61)
12 April - Alper Balaban, Turkish footballer (22)
13 April - Jorge Bontemps, Argentine footballer (32)
13 April - Charlie Timmins, English footballer (87)
15 April - Wilhelm Huxhorn, German footballer (54)
17 April - Alexandru Neagu, Romanian footballer (61)
21 April - Sammy Baird, Scottish footballer (79)
21 April - Tony Ingham, English footballer (85)
21 April - Manfred Kallenbach, German footballer (68)
22 April - Emilio Álvarez, Uruguayan footballer (71)
22 April - Victor Nurenberg, Luxembourgian footballer (79)
22 April - Piet Steenbergen, Dutch footballer (81)
25 April - Ian Lawther, Northern Irish footballer (70)
26 April – Alberto Vitoria, Spanish midfielder (54)
26 April - Yuri Vshivtsev, Russian footballer (70)
May
May - Bert Padden, Scottish football referee (born 1932)
3 May - Denis Obua, Ugandan footballer (62)
6 May - Guillermo Meza, Mexican footballer (21)
6 May - Giacomo Neri, Italian footballer (94)
7 May – Denovan Morales, Honduran midfielder (22)
11 May
Brian Gibson, English footballer (82)
Emmanuel Ngobese, South African footballer (29; tuberculosis)
13 May - Walter Klimmek, German football defender (91)
15 May - Besian Idrizaj, Austrian footballer (22)
19 May - Harry Vos, Dutch footballer (63)
24 May - Kambozia Jamali, Iranian midfielder (71)
26 May - Leo Canjels, Dutch footballer (77)
June
1 June - John Hagart, Scottish footballer (72)
4 June - Hennadiy Popovych, Ukrainian footballer (37)
6 June - Mabi de Almeida, Angolan football manager (46)
7 June - Jorge Ginarte, Argentine footballer (70)
9 June - Mohamed Sylla, Guinean footballer (39)
12 June – Mao Mengsuo, Chinese midfielder (20)
20 June – Lai Sun Cheung, Hong Kong defender (59)
20 June - Roberto Rosato, Italian footballer (66)
22 June - Amokrane Oualiken, Algerian footballer (77)
23 June - Jörg Berger, German footballer (65)
27 June - Édgar García de Dios, Mexican footballer (32)
July
July 1 - Eddie Moussa, Swedish footballer (26)
July 3 - Colin Gardner, British football manager
July 3 – Herbert Erhardt, West-German defender, winner of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, listed by the DFB in the top 20 best German defenders of all time. (79)
July 6 - Alekos Sofianidis, Greek footballer (76)
July 8 - Guillermo León, Costa Rican footballer
July 11 - Rudi Strittich, Austrian footballer (88)
July 13 - Ken Barnes, British footballer (81)
July 17 - Shaun Mawer, English footballer (50)
July 17 - Ioannis Stefas, Greek footballer (61)
July 17 - Gunārs Ulmanis, Latvian footballer (71)
July 19 - Joseph Aghoghovbia, Nigerian footballer (69)
July 19 - Daiki Sato, Japanese footballer (21)
July 28 - Daniel Pettit, English footballer (95)
July 29 - Alex Wilson, Polish footballer (76)
July 30 - Stanley Milburn, English footballer (83)
July 31 - Pedro Dellacha, Argentine footballer (84)
August
August 2 - José María Silvero, Argentine footballer (78)
August 3 - Edmund Zientara, Polish footballer (81)
August 5 - Yuri Shishlov, Russian footballer (65)
August 8 - Ken Boyes, English footballer (75)
August 8 - Massamasso Tchangai, Togolese footballer (32)
August 10 - Brian Clark, English footballer (67)
August 10 - Adam Stansfield, English footballer (31)
August 13 - Panagiotis Bachramis, Greek footballer (34)
August 22 - Raúl Belén, Argentine footballer (79)
August 22 – Juan Carlos González, Uruguayan defender, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (85)
August 22 - Stjepan Bobek, Yugoslav footballer (86)
August 27 - Oscar Ntwagae, South African footballer (33)
August 28 - Isa Bakar, Malaysian footballer (57)
August 30 - Francisco Varallo, Argentine striker and the last surviving player of the 1930 FIFA World Cup and the final. (100)
August 30 - Henryk Czapczyk, Polish footballer (88)
August 30 - Philip Tisson, Saint Lucian footballer (24)
September
2 September - Jackie Sinclair, Scottish midfielder (67, cancer)
3 September - Jose Augusto Torres, Portuguese striker and manager (71, heart failure)
10 September - Andrei Timoshenko, Russian striker (41)
10 September - Fridrikh Maryutin, Soviet striker (85)
11 September - Diego Rodríguez Cano, Uruguayan defender (22, car accident)
18 September - Bobby Smith, English striker (77, after a short illness)
18 September - Øystein Gåre, Norwegian manager (56, after a short illness)
22 September - Vyacheslav Tsaryov, Russian defender (39, after a short illness)
23 September - Fernando Riera, Chilean striker and manager (90)
28 September - Orvin Cabrera, Honduran striker (33, liver cancer)
October
1 October - Ian Buxton, English striker (72)
1 October - Bobby Craig, Scottish footballer (75)
1 October - Dezső Bundzsák, Hungarian midfielder and manager (82)
6 October - Norman Christie, Scottish footballer (85)
9 October - Les Fell, English midfielder (89)
12 October - José Casas 'Pepín', Spanish goalkeeper (78)
13 October - Juan Carlos Arteche, Spanish midfielder (53, cancer)
13 October - Eddie Baily, English striker (85)
14 October - Malcolm Allison, English defender and manager (83, after a long illness)
18 October - Mel Hopkins, Welsh defender (75)
18 October - Hans Hägele, German striker and football agent (70, suicide)
21 October - Mustapha Anane, Algerian striker (60, after a long illness)
22 October - Franz Raschid, German midfielder (56, pancreatic cancer)
24 October - Fritz Grösche, German midfielder and manager (69, cancer)
26 October - Paul the Octopus, 2010 FIFA World Cup "oracle" (2, natural causes)
29 October - Ronnie Clayton, English midfielder (76)
30 October - John Benson, Scottish defender and manager (67, after a short illness)
November
3 November - Ron Cockerill, English defender (75)
8 November - Fred Blankemeijer, Dutch defender (84)
8 November - Tim Womack, English footballer (76)
12 November - Jim Farry, Former Chief Executive of the Scottish FA (56, heart attack)
15 November -Ángel Cabrera, Uruguayan footballer (71)
16 November - Ilie Savu, Romanian goalkeeper and manager (90)
November 17 - Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa, Brazilian defender, runner-up at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (87)
18 November - Jim Cruickshank, Scottish goalkeeper (69)
24 November - Valentin Ivakin, Soviet goalkeeper and manager (80)
26 November - Mohammad Anwar Elahee, Mauritian defender and manager (81)
27 November - Steve Hill, English footballer (70)
28 November - Vladimir Maslachenko, Soviet European Nation's Cup winning goalkeeper (74)
December
3 December - Jose Ramos Delgado, Argentine defender (75, Alzheimer disease)
5 December - Shamil Burziyev, Russian defender (25, car accident)
6 December - Imre Mathesz, Hungarian midfielder (73)
6 December - Rene Hauss, French defender and manager (82)
7 December - Federico Vairo, Argentine defender (80, stomach cancer)
10 December - Marcel Domingo, French goalkeeper and manager (86)
11 December - Peter Risi, Swiss striker (60, after a long illness)
12 December - Emmanuel Ogoli, Nigerian defender (21, collapsed on the pitch)
14 December - Dale Roberts, English goalkeeper (24, suicide)
17 December - Ralph Coates, English midfielder (64, stroke)
21 December - Oleksandr Kovalenko, Ukrainian midfielder and referee (34, suicide)
21 December - Enzo Bearzot, Italian defender and World Cup winning manager (83)
24 December - Frans de Munck, Dutch goalkeeper (88)
26 December - Bill Jones, English defender (89)
27 December - Walter Balmer, Swiss international footballer (born 1948)
28 December - Jeff Taylor, English footballer (80)
29 December - Ramón Montesinos, Spanish midfielder (67)
29 December - Avi Cohen, Israeli defender (54, motorcycle accident)
References
Association football by year | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20in%20association%20football |
Alan Scott is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, and the first character to bear the name Green Lantern. He fights evil with the aid from his own mystical ring, which grants him a variety of powers. He was created by Martin Nodell and Bill Finger, first appearing in the comic book All-American Comics #16, published in 1940.
Alan Scott was created after Nodell became inspired by the characters from Greek, Norse, and Middle Eastern myths and tales, including Aladdin from One Thousand and One Nights, and sought to create a popular entertainment character who fought evil with the aid of a magic ring that grants him a variety of supernatural powers. After debuting in All-American Comics, Alan Scott soon became popular enough to sustain his own comic book, Green Lantern. Around this time DC also began experimenting with fictional crossovers between its characters, leading towards a shared universe of characters. As one of the publisher's most popular heroes, Alan became a founding member of the Justice Society of America, one of the first such teams of "mystery men" or superheroes in comic books.
Following World War II, the character's popularity began to fade along with the decline of the Golden Age of Comic Books, leading to cancellation. After eight years out of print, DC chose to reinvent Green Lantern as science fiction hero Hal Jordan in 1959. Later, DC revisited Alan Scott, establishing that Alan and Hal were Green Lanterns on two different parallel worlds, with Alan residing on Earth-Two and Hal on Earth-One. Later stories set on Earth-Two depicted Alan becoming the father to the superheroes Obsidian and Jade, each with powers somewhat like his own. In 1985, DC chose to reboot its internal continuity, merging Earth-One and Earth-Two and re-establishing Alan as an elder statesman of the DC Universe, coexisting with the more science fiction-oriented heroes of the Green Lantern Corps.
In 2011, DC's New 52 introduced a new Multiverse, depicting a young Earth-2 version of Alan who was an out gay man. The "original" version of Alan is brought back into the mainstream continuity following the 2016 DC Rebirth initiative, and in 2020, comes out to his children as gay, retroactively establishing this incarnation of Alan as the first gay superhero.
Publication history
The original Green Lantern was created by an American artist named Martin Nodell. Nodell mentions Richard Wagner's opera cycle The Ring of the Nibelung and the sight of a trainman's green railway lantern as his inspiration. After seeing this opera, Nodell sought to create a superhero who wielded a variety of magical powers from a magic ring, which he regularly recharged from a green lantern. Nodell wanted a colorful and interesting costume for his character, deriving from elements of Greek mythology. As Nodell recalled in an undated, latter-day interview,
Nodell chose the name "Alan Scott" by flipping through New York telephone books until he got two names he liked.
The character of Alan Scott made his debut in All-American Comics #16 (July 1940), fighting crime under the masked identity of "Green Lantern". He also appeared as part of the superhero team Justice Society of America in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940). He served as the team's second chairman in #7, but departed following that issue and returned a few years later, remaining a regular character. His villains tended to be ordinary humans, but he did have a few paranormal ones, such as the immortal Vandal Savage and the zombie Solomon Grundy. Green Lantern proved popular and was given his own series, Green Lantern, later that year. Most of his adventures were set in New York.
In 1941, Alan Scott was paired with a sidekick named Doiby Dickles, a rotund Brooklyn taxi driver, who would appear on a regular basis until 1949. In 1948, Alan also got a canine sidekick named Streak. The dog proved so popular that he starred in his own solo side-stories, even appearing on the cover without the title hero multiple times.
After World War II, superheroes declined in popularity. Green Lantern was cancelled in 1949 after 38 issues and All-American Comics dropped superheroes in favor of westerns. Alan Scott's final Golden Age appearance was in All-Star Comics #57 (1951). He remained out of publication for 12 years, and after his revival he did not get another solo series until 2023.
In 1959, DC Comics editor Julius Schwartz reinvented Green Lantern as a science fiction hero. The new Green Lantern, named Hal Jordan, was empowered by alien masters to serve as an interstellar lawman and had many adventures set in outer space. His powers were similar to Alan's but he was otherwise completely unrelated—Alan Scott never existed as far as the new stories were concerned. Hal Jordan proved popular, but readers still had an interest in the old Green Lantern. Some years later, Alan Scott reappeared as a guest star in The Flash #137 (1963). To avoid continuity conflicts with the Hal Jordan character, Alan Scott and all his old stories were retconned as having existed on Earth-Two, in a parallel universe. For most of the 1960s and 1970s, Alan Scott made guest appearances in books belonging to Silver Age characters, visiting their universe through magical or technological means. In 1976, he appeared regularly alongside his Justice Society comrades in the revived All-Star Comics and later Adventure Comics in stories set in the 1970s. In 1981, DC Comics launched All-Star Squadron, which featured Alan Scott and the Justice Society in a World War II setting.
In 1986, the editors at DC Comics decided that all its characters should exist within the same setting and effected this change with the Crisis on Infinite Earths miniseries. Alan Scott now shared the same fictional world as Hal Jordan. DC Comics decided to write the character out of continuity in a one-shot book entitled Last Days of the Justice Society, in which he was "forever" trapped in an extra-dimensional realm. The character was brought back in the 1990s due to fan interest. Rather than update Alan Scott as a contemporary young hero as had been done with Batman and Superman, Alan Scott was instead written as a veteran of World War II with a magically prolonged lifespan. To distinguish Alan Scott from Hal Jordan, his superhero codename was for a time changed to "Sentinel" and he lost his magic ring, manifesting his powers through his glowing hands instead. In JSA #50 (2003) he regained his classic codename and ring, though he remained apart from Hal Jordan's Green Lantern Corps. He was a regular character in JSA and Justice Society of America.
In 2011, DC Comics again rebooted their fictional properties, and their new version of Alan Scott once again exists on Earth-2, where Hal Jordan and his Green Lantern Corps do not exist. The new Alan Scott is no longer a grizzled veteran of World War II, but a fresh young superhero. He first appears in Earth 2 #3 (2012) with a completely redesigned sleek, solid green suit with no cape.
Fictional character biography
Golden and Silver Ages
Discovery
Thousands of years ago, a mystical "green flame" fell to Earth in ancient China as a meteor. A voice in the flame predicted that it would act three times: once to bring death, once to bring life, and once to bring power. For the first prophecy, a lamp-maker crafted the green metal of the meteor into a lamp. In fear and as punishment for what they thought sacrilege, the local villagers killed him, only to be destroyed by a sudden burst of the green flame. For the second, in modern times, the lamp came into the hands of a patient of a mental institution who fashioned the lamp into a modern train lantern. The green flame restored his sanity and gave him a new life. For the third, by 1940, after having already fulfilled the first two-thirds of this prophecy, the lantern fashioned from the meteoric metal fell into the hands of Alan Scott, a young railroad engineer. Following a railroad bridge collapse, the flame instructs Scott in how to fashion a ring from its metal, to give him fantastic powers as the superhero Green Lantern. He adopts a colorful costume of red, purple, brown, yellow, and green. He becomes a crimefighter in his first adventure, defeating the crooks who caused the accident. He also discovers his powers' weakness to wood when he is bludgeoned with a club. Alan is a founding member of the Justice Society of America, and is its second chairman.
Scott uses his ring to fly, walk through solid objects by "moving through the fourth dimension", paralyze or blind people temporarily, hypnotize them, create rays of energy, melt metal as with a blowtorch, and cause dangerous objects to glow, among other things. It could also allow him and others to time travel. Occasionally, he uses it to read minds or create solid objects and force fields in the manner usually associated with fellow Green Lantern, Hal Jordan. His ring could protect him against any object made of metal, but would not protect him against any wood- or plant-based objects.
During the 1940s, Green Lantern seemed to alternate between serious adventure, particularly when Solomon Grundy, his nemesis, appeared and light comedy, usually involving his sidekick, Doiby Dickles. Toward the end of his Golden Age adventures, he got a sidekick and companion pet in Streak the Wonder Dog – a heroic canine in the mold of Rin-Tin-Tin and Lassie – who was later retconned as a member of the Space Canine Patrol Agents, and the Legion of Super-Pets.
In All-American Comics #38, it's revealed his middle name is Wellington.
Justice Society of America
A part of Scott's early history is filled out with retroactive continuity. All-Star Squadron Annual #3 states that the JSA fought the villain Ian Karkull, who inadvertently imbued them with life energy stolen from an innocent victim. The energy slowed their aging, allowing Scott and several other members, as well as their spouses, to remain active into the late 20th century without infirmity. The events of that incident also led Scott, who had failed to save the victim from whom the energy was stolen, to take a leave of absence from the JSA, explaining why the character vanished from the roster for a time.
Scott was a member of the Justice Society of America in 1951 when the team was investigated by the "Joint Congressional Un-American Activities Committee," a fictional organization based on the real-life House Un-American Activities Committee. They were accused of possible communist sympathies and asked to reveal their identities. The members declined the request, and many of the members retired in the 1950s.
The team rebands in the 1960s with Scott as a member, though little is known of their adventures during this time, save for stories about their team-ups with the Justice League of America, the parallel world Earth-One, and cross-universe adventures Scott shares with Earth-One's Green Lantern, Hal Jordan.
Progeny
It was eventually revealed that in the late 1960s that Scott marries the woman with the dual identity Rose and Thorn. They have a pair of children who would grow up to become the superheroes Jade and Obsidian of the team Infinity, Inc.
In the 1980s, Scott married his reformed former nemesis, Molly Mayne, also known as The Harlequin, reconciling with his son and daughter.
Post-Crisis on Infinite Earths
The Last Days of the Justice Society of America Special (1986) one-shot tells how Adolf Hitler caused a massive wave of destructive energy to erupt over the post-Crisis Earth in 1945. Scott and the JSA, fresh from burying their Earth-Two comrades Robin and Huntress, enter into a limbo dimension to fight an eternally recurring Ragnarok.
Green Lantern (vol. 3) #19 attempted to retcon Alan Scott's origin and power ring to accommodate the changes made by Crisis on Infinite Earths. In this story, Alan's ring originally belonged to a Green Lantern named Yalan Gur, who was so favored by the Guardians of the Universe that they removed the yellow impurity from his ring (which the Guardians deliberately placed in all the GL rings to limit their power and could be removed at their discretion). However, Yalan Gur abused his power and interfered with the inhabitants of ancient China. The Guardians then substituted a weakness for wood that allowed the local peasants to successfully attack and mortally wound Yalan with simple wooden clubs. Yalan flew into the sky and raged against the Guardians. His body burned in the atmosphere, becoming the green metallic meteorite that ultimately became Alan Scott's lantern. Yalan's spirit also possessed the metal, promising death in his rage and life when he realized his mistakes (the first two prophecies of the green metal, which were fulfilled). When Alan received the lantern, the spirit directed Alan to create the power ring and persona of Green Lantern, complete with the ring's weakness to wood.
Return
Through the machinations of Waverider, the JSA teammates are able to leave Limbo and begin living in the Post-Crisis Earth they had fought to save. The miniseries is followed by Justice Society of America (1992–1993), which shows how Alan Scott adjusts to his new world. In the short-lived series, the JSA fight the newest incarnation of the Ultra-Humanite as well as Pol St. Germain and Kulak the Sorcerer. Scott reconnects with his wife and children, stating in issue #1 that Molly "is pretty much handling things at the company..." and that Jade and Obsidian "... are fine off doing their own thing in Hollywood. Not too interested in being super-heroes." The series ends with issue #10, not with the team disbanding, but with the members gathering together at their first formal meeting after returning home.
Alan follows Guy Gardner and a small group of heroes to investigate a mysterious distress from Oa, only to be defeated by Hal Jordan, who now calls himself Parallax, having been driven mad after the destruction of his home, Coast City. After the confrontation, Alan discovers that an artist, Kyle Rayner, inherits the remaining Green Lantern ring. After meeting the young hero, he informs him of the situations with Jordan and the Green Lantern Corps. During the Zero Hour event, Alan witnesses the villain Extant incapacitate and kill several of his JSA teammates. After suffering defeat by the villain, Alan gives Kyle his original ring, passing the name "Green Lantern" to him. Alan's ring was later destroyed by Parallax.
For a time, the Starheart became part of Scott's body and he adopts the name Sentinel, becoming a founding member of a new JSA. Thanks to the rejuvenative properties of the Starheart, Scott's physical body is again temporarily revitalized so that he resembles a man in his 30s or early 40s. This drives his wife Molly, who has not been affected, to sell her soul to the demon Neron in exchange for youth. Alan enters the demonic realm, with help from entities such as the Phantom Stranger and Zatanna, and, with Kyle Rayner's aid, manages to win Molly's soul back, reuniting Molly's essence with her soulless being.
He has since been physically altered again so that he more closely resembles his true chronological age. He returns to using the name "Green Lantern" during the JSA's battle with Mordru. He continues to fight crime in his original costumed identity, rebuilding a ring and serving as an elder statesman to the Justice Society of America and to the superhero community in general.
In Green Lantern: Rebirth, Alan and his daughter Jade, assist the surviving members of the Green Lantern Corps, Hal Jordan, who had been possessed by the ancient fear entity Parallax, John Stewart, Guy Gardner, Kyle Rayner, and Kilowog, in defeating the Parallax-possessed Ganthet. Alan is increasingly physically weakened due to Parallax's failed attempts to control him as it did with Jordan, Stewart, Gardner, and Kilowog, so it decides to kill him instead. However, Jordan, with the aid of The Spectre, breaks free from Parallax's influence, and saves Alan from the fear entity.
During the Rann-Thanagar War, Kyle Rayner's power ring revealed that Scott is an honorary member of the Green Lantern Corps.
Infinite Crisis and 52
During the Infinite Crisis, Scott and his daughter Jade, along with many others, travel with Donna Troy to the center of the universe to save it from Alexander Luthor, Jr. Though they manage to succeed in saving the universe, Jade dies on this mission. A year later, Scott is still active and relatively youthful compared to his true age, but now wears an eyepatch having lost his eye in a Zeta beam transporter accident while returning from space. Though Scott loses his daughter, he tells Kyle Rayner that he still has family both through relations and close friendships, among which he counts Kyle.
Week 4 of the 52 maxiseries reveals that Scott lost his left eye during a period when he and several other superheroes were declared missing approximately 11 months prior to the events of Checkmate #1. The Zeta Beam that Adam Strange had hoped to use for teleporting the heroes away from the time-space ripple caused by Alexander Luthor, Jr.'s actions was splintered by the ripple itself, mutilating the heroes in various ways.
In Week 5, Alan goes to the wife and daughter of Animal Man to tell them that Animal Man is missing in space. This gives Ellen Baker more hope that her husband is alive.
In Week 29, Alan, Wildcat, and Jay Garrick (Flash) are the only members of the JSA present on Thanksgiving. They talk about the other members of the JSA and about the new Infinity Inc., which is a new version of a team of which Alan's daughter, Jade, was a member.
After being put into a comatose state during an attack by the Gentleman Ghost, Alan envisions Jade, who tells him goodbye and grants him another portion of her green energy. His missing eye is replaced by a green glowing orb that, due to its mystical origins and connection to Jade, allows him to track astral and mystical energy forms such as ghosts.
"One Year Later"
During the missing year of the "One Year Later" storyline, Scott has joined Checkmate at the rank of White King, with his JSA teammate Mister Terrific as his Bishop. Scott soon finds himself in a moral conflict with Black Queen Sasha Bordeaux over the violent nature of Checkmate, particularly after Bordeaux and her team slaughter dozens of Kobra operatives during a raid on a facility. Bordeaux contends that the ends justify the means, while Scott adheres to the principle that heroes should not kill unless absolutely necessary. Bordeaux responds by suggesting that Scott resign. Concurrent with this internal conflict, Scott and the White Queen (Amanda Waller) try to keep the organization from being discontinued by political forces.
After the rise of the being Gog, Alan Scott allies with the Justice Society members that oppose Gog's simplistic view of the world. However, after encountering a Justice Society from an alternate universe in which his daughter Jade is still alive, he considers asking the seemingly all powerful being to raise his daughter from the dead. Later, Sandman learns that Gog is rooting himself into the Earth, and if he remains for one more day, the Earth will no longer be able to survive without him. The rest of the JSA arrive to kill Gog by separating his head from the Earth, which is the only way to save the planet. The Society members ally with Gog in an attempt to protect him until they see him attempt to attack a Society member. All of Gog's followers, including Magog, turn on him, causing Gog's blessing on them to be undone. The JSA are able to topple Gog and send him to the Source Wall, but Alan is unable to see his daughter.
In the "Final Crisis" storyline, Alan led a resistance against Darkseid's forces as one of the superheroes responding to Article X. He is shown defending Checkmate's Switzerland HQ from the Justifiers. Though Donna Troy tries to place the Justifier helmet on him, Hawkman saves him.
In the "Blackest Night" storyline, Alan and the rest of the JSA battle the reanimated Kal-L and Black Lantern versions of dead Justice Society members. After Jakeem Thunder is knocked out, Alan is one of the heroes who adds his powers into a "Black Lantern Bomb" designed to mimic Jakeem's Thunderbolt abilities, destroying all of the Black Lanterns in New York. In the final battle of the event, his daughter Jade is resurrected by the power of white light.
"Brightest Day"
In the beginning of the "Brightest Day" storyline, Alan lies in the arms of Obsidian, convulsing and writhing as a green light pours from his body. His body possessed, Alan flies off with his JSA teammates in hot pursuit, eventually led the team to Germany. The JSA meet up with Batman's new Justice League and find that Jade, who had been staying on Oa since her resurrection, has returned to Earth inside a green meteor, later revealed to be the legendary Starheart that gave Alan his powers. Sebastian Faust tells the two teams that the Starheart has been gradually taking control of people on Earth for quite some time. Now that it is on Earth, it is growing more powerful and driving metahumans all over the world insane. Jade states that the Starheart captured her in space and purposely brought her to Earth to find Alan and that it is her fault that her father is now in danger. Just then, Alan awakens and his costume transforms into a suit of armor identical to the one he wears in Kingdom Come, and he then tells the assembled heroes that he intends on destroying the world.
Starman is sent into space to search for Alan, and finds that Alan has constructed a massive fortress on the surface of the Moon. Before Starman can warn the others, Alan appears in front of him and tears his gem, the source of his abilities, from his chest, thus rendering him powerless. The Starheart uses its influence to corrupt various metahumans with magical or elemental abilities, which creates chaos across the globe. Realizing that the heroes must defeat Alan to end the chaos, Batman recruits Miss Martian to get a mental lock on Starman, which, in turn, provides the Justice League with Alan's location. Batman then assembles a small strikeforce consisting of himself, Jade, Hourman, Donna Troy, Jesse Quick, and Mr. America, all of whom have a low chance of being possessed by the Starheart. Mister Miracle arrives and informs the team that Alan has most likely installed Fourth World defenses in his base and offers to use his knowledge of such technology to guide them through the fortress. When they finally find him, Jade uses her powers to restore Alan to normal. With his sanity restored, Alan chooses to allow the Emerald City he created on the moon to stay and the city becomes populated by various magical creatures from throughout the DCU.
After the events of the "Brightest Day", Alan and the rest of the JSA travel to the city of Monument Point, which has been attacked by a superpowered terrorist named Scythe. Just before being defeated, Scythe snaps Alan's neck. In the subsequent story, it is revealed that Scythe is the product of Nazi genetic engineering, and that Alan and Jay had been tasked by the president with killing the experiment back when he was in infancy during World War 2. The two heroes could not agree on a course of action, and, as a result, Scythe was allowed to live. Doctor Mid-Nite discovers that the injuries Alan sustained have rendered him paralyzed, and that any attempt to heal himself could break his constant concentration, which could result in the Starheart once again regaining control of his body.
Jade visits her bed-ridden father in the Emerald City, and offers to use her abilities to help him walk again. Alan declines his daughter's offer, reasoning that if the Starheart were to once again take over his body, it could result in the deaths of everyone in the city. Eclipso attacks the city, which results in Jesse Quick having to get Alan to safety. After taking over Jade, Eclipso has the power of the starheart then defeats and possesses the Justice League's reserve roster, and then badly injures the angel Zauriel. With the Justice League outnumbered, Eclipso then reveals his ultimate goal is to somehow kill God. Eclipso then tortures Zauriel, causing his screams to attract the attention of the new Spectre, Crispus Allen, who he kills, absorbing the Spectre's powers upon his demise. With his newfound abilities, Eclipso reveals that God relies on the collective love of humanity to stay alive, and that by destroying the Earth, Eclipso will ultimately kill God once and for all. Just as the members of the JLA prepare to wage a counterattack, Eclipso destroys the Moon, apparently dooming all life on Earth. With the Moon destroyed, Eclipso then seemingly kills Donna Troy, the physically strongest remaining member of the Justice League. However, it is ultimately revealed that Donna's death was an illusion conjured by Saint Walker, who used his blue power ring to temporarily trap Eclipso in a state of euphoria. After the Atom and Starman break Eclipso's link to his brainwashed slaves, the combined heroes attack Eclipso together, defeating him. In the aftermath it is discovered that Jade and Obsidian can now be within proximity of each other again and their father has control of the Starheart again.
Later, the JSA try to take down the villain D'arken who has broken free from imprisonment beneath Monument Point and absorbed the powers of JSA members, but D'arken is too powerful. Due to this only non-superpowered and magical members fight D'arken. The JSA tells Alan that unleashing the Starheart is the only way to destroy D'arken. However, after releasing the Starheart energies, Alan's body begins to incinerate. Afterwards, the JSA attend a funeral for Alan, whom they believe to be dead.
DC Universe
In the 2017 - 2019 Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Johnny Thunder finds Alan Scott's Green Lantern power battery in a steel mill. After he and Saturn Girl save Johnny Thunder from some junkies, Rorschach (Reggie Long) asks Johnny Thunder what that lantern is. Later, Doctor Manhattan recalls various events in which he indirectly killed Alan Scott and thus set forth changes in the timeline. On July 16 of 1940, Alan Scott was riding on a train over a collapsing bridge, but he survived by grabbing onto the lantern. He continues his life, eventually "sitting at a round table wearing a mask" and later testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee but refusing to implicate anyone in his employ. On July 16 of 1940 again, Doctor Manhattan moves the lantern six inches out of Alan Scott's reach so that Scott dies in the train accident and leaves no family behind, as the green lantern is passed through different locations thereafter. When Lois Lane finds a flash-drive among the mess while at the Daily Planet, it shows her footage of Alan Scott and the rest of the Justice Society. It is revealed that Doctor Manhattan prevented Scott from becoming Green Lantern and indirectly killed him because he was curious about what the effects of changing the history of the Metaverse would have on not just itself but on Superman. As a result of Alan Scott not becoming the Green Lantern, the Justice Society of America was never formed and history was reset into the New 52 Universe/Prime-Earth. In the present time during a confrontation among different factions, Doctor Manhattan becomes inspired by Superman, so he undoes the changes that he made to the timeline by moving the lantern back on July 16 of 1940, which resulted in the restoration of the timeline and therefore the return of Alan Scott alongside many other superheroes to the DC Universe. Because of this, Alan Scott and the Justice Society assisted Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes in fighting Black Adam's group as well as the People's Heroes from Russia, the Outsiders from Markovia, and the Doomed from India.
In the pages of Dark Nights: Death Metal, Alan Scott was seen with Jay Garrick, Doctor Fate, and Wildcat where they guarded the Valhalla Cemetery. When Wonder Woman, Wally West, and Swamp Thing enter, Alan Scott unleashes a Cerberus construct on them as he asks for the password. Wonder Woman states that the last person who told her it stated "Munkel." Alan Scott calls off the construct and stated that she was close as the password was "Ma Hunkel." Alan Scott was the with the Justice Society when the good guys and bad guys were preparing for the final battle against Perpetua and Darkest Knight.
Following the reboot of the multiverse at the end of Death Metal, Alan Scott and other Golden Age heroes are restored to the timeline. In Infinite Frontier #0 Alan reunites with Jade and Obsidian at the Justice Society brownstone and comes out as gay. He is invited to join the Totality, a team of superheroes and villains dedicated to protecting Earth from any threats in the new multiverse, returning to the moniker of Sentinel.
In the pages of "The New Golden Age" one-shot, a flashback to 1940 had Green Lantern among the Justice Society members about to get a group photo taken by Johnny Thunder when Doctor Fate has a vision about "lost children". The issue also reveals that Green Lantern has a Russian counterpart in Red Lantern who he fought on occasion and had a truce with when Nazis threatened both North America and Russia. This bio was also tied in to another flashback to the 1940s where Alan Scott and Doiby Dickles were reading a newspaper about Red Lantern burning a navy ship that left a dozen people dead. On October 31, 1950, Green Lantern was among the Justice Society members who appeared before a Congressional committee. When a Huntress from a possible future ends up in 1940, Green Lantern is among the Justice Society members that meet her. As Doctor Fate tries to read Huntress' mind about the threat in her future, Green Lantern is among those that are knocked down by the magical feedback. In the present, Green Lantern was with the Justice Society of America when they were fighting Angle Man and an army of inter-dimensional Bizarros. Doctor Fate brought Huntress to them as she defeats Angle Man enough for the inter-dimensional Bizarros to disappear. The Justice Society of America hear her story of what happened in her future and her encounter with Per Degaton as Green Lantern's ring confirms her story. Green Lantern is met with an objection from Huntress when he suggests that they also call Batman due to what happened to him in her future. The JSA is then confronted by Per Degaton.
Powers, abilities, and equipment
Alan Scott originally wields an ancient ring that can produce a variety of effects. The extent of his ring's ability has never been rigorously defined, but its effects are accompanied by a green light and cannot directly affect wooden materials.
In Scott's first appearance, his body would glow green whenever he utilized this power, including passing through walls or flying. During his later appearances, he projects a greenish laser beam from his ring capable of doing many things, such as lifting objects, manipulating metals, hypnotizing people, traveling through spacetime, or rewriting reality itself. This ring makes him invulnerable to non-wooden weapons. He conjures up solid-light objects in any size or shape, plus referring them to as "constructs". These constructs were always pure green in color and vanishes as soon as he stops concentrating on them. Scott could control the objects telekinetically.
At the start of numerous stories, he charges his ring by touching it to a Starheart Lantern, which will give him full energy for 24 hours (until how heavily it runs out).
In the Starheart storyline, his constructs were now wreathed in green flames, thus highlighting their magical (but not technological) nature. He physically merged with his lantern and no longer needs to recharge like Hal Jordan does.
After battling Ian Karkull, a unique form of radiation from the Shadowlands he was bathed in granted him eternal youth.
Before he became a superhero, Scott possesses expertise in acting, business intuition, driving, electrical engineering, journalism, martial arts, and mechanics.
Other versions
Earth 2
Alan was reintroduced in issue 1 of Earth 2 as the young dynamic head of GBC productions on Earth 2 (a parallel world within the DC Multiverse). This version of Green Lantern is associated with the Green, a mystical realm/entity that connects all botanical life on Earth. On June 1, 2012, DC announced that Scott would be reimagined as a gay man. In issue 3, Scott is revealed to have a boyfriend named Sam Zhao, to whom he intends to propose while on vacation in China. Before he can do so the train on which the couple is traveling is suddenly wrecked. A mysterious green flame protects Scott and heals him; a disembodied voice informs him that the crash was caused by a force that threatens the whole world, and that Sam did not survive. The grief-stricken Scott is then told that he will be given the power to avenge his love and protect the world. The flame creates a costume for him, and molds Sam's engagement ring into a power ring with which Scott can harness his power. Reborn as the Green Lantern, Scott proceeds to help the other survivors and swears vengeance for Sam. In the present, he gains an enemy in Solomon Grundy who is an avatar of the Grey. Green Lantern is assisted by Flash and Hawkgirl in fighting him, but Atom brings him down temporarily by jumping onto him at giant size. The battle continues until Scott once again exiles Grundy to the moon where neither he nor the "Grey" can do any damage.
Alan was later reunited with Sam who has become an avatar for the White. Following their brief fight with Solomon Grundy, the Parliaments ended their feud where they instructed Alan, Sam, Grundy, the Clear's avatar Azathoth, and the Red's Yolanda Montez to work together to combat the invasion from Apokolips.
When Apokolips starts to approach Earth 2, the Parliaments advise their representatives to join forces and fight this threat. While in Earth's orbit, Solomon Grundy, Azathoth, and Sam Zhao sacrifice their lives so that Alan Scott can receive their combined Parliament abilities to stop Apokolips from destroying Earth 2. Alan didn't know it yet, but Sam's spirit was still with him. Following a disastrous fight with Darkseid, Alan woke up to see Sam's spirit who revealed that he was chosen to be the Avatar of the White while assisting the Parliaments way to ease Alan's transition into realizing his full potential as the last champion of Earth and to embody its primordial essences at the cost of losing his memories of Sam.
Kingdom Come
In the Kingdom Come limited series by Mark Waid and Alex Ross, Alan is the only Green Lantern on Earth. He lives in an orbital space station called New Oa from which he protects Earth from alien attacks, and has ceased to meddle in human affairs. When Superman comes out of retirement, he joins the Justice League to help suppress the rogue superhumans that are causing chaos throughout the world. After the crisis is resolved, he joins the United Nations as the ambassador of the sovereign nation of New Oa.
Alan Scott's costume in this series was styled after the full plate armor of medieval knights. In the regular books, he has sported this armor on several occasions when he uses high amounts of power.
JSA: The Unholy Three
Another version of Alan Scott was seen briefly in JSA: The Unholy Three as a post-WW2 agent called the Lantern whose use of his power ring was invaluable to the intelligence community for its ability to discern truth from lies. The ring and Alan's hand were destroyed by a Superman gone rogue.
Green Lantern: Evil's Might
In the Elseworlds tale, Green Lantern: Evil's Might, Alan Scott is depicted as the young leader of a gang called the Bowery Greens. He steals a magical green gem similar to Kyle Rayner's ring and later steals Kyle's lantern. In a final showdown, he fatally wounds Kyle, but is absorbed into Kyle's ring.
The Golden Age
In the Elseworlds series "The Golden Age", Alan Scott finds himself under investigation from the House Un-American Activities Committee because of his refusal to turn over employees suspected of communist activities. In the final battle with Dynaman, Johnny Quick refers to him as "the big guy", implying that he may have been the most powerful hero of the era (although this is likely also a reference to Alan's large physical stature).
Superman & Batman: Generations 2
In Superman & Batman: Generations 2, an alternate version of Alan Scott is featured. This Alan Scott's ring's origin is explained as having originally been a Green Lantern ring that was lost on Earth long ago. In this storyline, the first time Alan used his ring, he was knocked out from behind by a man with a wooden club. This caused Alan to believe the ring was weak against wood, thereby causing a mental block that prevented him from truly exerting his power against wooden objects or attacks. This was confirmed by the Guardians, who explained that this was the reason behind the weakness to yellow of the Green Lantern Corps' rings. They simply told all new Green Lanterns that their rings were powerless against yellow to establish the same mental block.
52
In the final issue of the 2006 - 07 miniseries 52, a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown is one designated "Earth-2". As a result of Mister Mind "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-Two, including the Green Lantern among other Justice Society of America characters. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the panel in which they appear, but the Green Lantern is visually similar to Alan Scott.
Based on comments by writer Grant Morrison, this alternate universe is not the pre-Crisis Earth-Two.
It was revealed in Justice Society (vol. 3) #20 that the post-Crisis Earth-2 Alan Scott is dead as stated by his daughter Jade who encountered the New Earth Scott and was shocked to see the New Earth counterpart to her father still alive.
Superman: Red Son
In the 2003 miniseries Superman: Red Son, Scott is also shown as a member of the Green Lantern Marine Corps.
A Brave New World
A Brave New World, a story published in Wonder Woman #750 details how Wonder Woman, the world's first superhero, revealed herself at the 1939 World's Fair, rescuing President Franklin D. Roosevelt from an assassination attempt. The narrator reflects that Wonder Woman's faith in humanity inspired people and provided hope in a dark time. In the final panel, the narrator is revealed to be Alan Scott, wearing his power ring. This was intended to be the first story set in the "5G" continuity, a reboot of the DC Universe which was eventually cancelled, making it a standalone non-canon story.
In other media
Television
A character based on Alan Scott called Scott Mason / Green Guardsman appears in the Justice League two-part episode "Legends", voiced by William Katt. He is a member of the Justice Guild of America, a superhero team from another universe who exist as comic characters in the "prime" universe, and died in a nuclear war. He also wields a power ring similar to those used by the Green Lantern Corps, though he cannot affect aluminium.
Alan Scott appears in the Smallville two-part episode "Absolute Justice", portrayed by Doug Pinton. This version operated as a superhero, member of the Justice Society of America (JSA), and served as the CEO of an unnamed broadcasting company in the 1970s before he was arrested for fraud by the government, who were on a mission to take down the JSA. Scott and the other members of his team tried to take the blame for several crimes, though they were never convicted. As the law was now aware of his superhero identity, Scott retired from heroics. His ring and battery were later stored in the museum that the JSA used as their lair. In the comic book continuation Smallville Season 11, it is revealed that Scott was not a member of the Green Lantern Corps and got his power ring and battery through unknown means.
Alan Scott appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Crisis: 22,300 Miles Above Earth!", voiced by Corey Burton. This version is a member of an aged Justice Society of America.
Alan Scott makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the Young Justice episode "Humanity" as a member of the Justice Society of America.
Alan Scott appears in the Stargirl pilot episode, portrayed by an uncredited actor. This version was a member of the Justice Society of America before the team was attacked and killed by the Injustice Society a decade prior. While his ring disappeared, Courtney Whitmore recovers his powerless battery in the present in the hopes of finding someone to succeed him during the first season. Scott's children, Jennie-Lynn Hayden and Todd Rice (portrayed by Ysa Penarejo and Tim Gabriel, respectively), and ring would later appear in the second and third seasons.
Film
Alan Scott makes a cameo appearance in the opening credits of Justice League: The New Frontier, wherein he is forced out of heroics by the government.
Video games
Alan Scott appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Jason Phelps.
Miscellaneous
Alan Scott appears in the Sleepers trilogy, created by Mike Baron and written by Christopher J. Priest.
Alan Scott appears in Adventures in the DC Universe #4.
Alan Scott makes a cameo appearance in Justice League Adventures #20.
Alan Scott appears in Justice League Unlimited #40.
Merchandise
In 2010, a figure of Alan Scott was released in Wave 14 of Mattel's DC Universe Classics toyline.
Collected editions
Golden Age Green Lantern Archives Vol. 1 (Green Lantern Vol. 1 #1 and All-American Comics #16–30)
Golden Age Green Lantern Archives Vol. 2 (Green Lantern Vol. 1 #2–3 and All-American Comics #31–38)
JSA Presents: Green Lantern (Green Lantern: Brightest Day, Blackest Night (one-shot); JSA: Classified #25, #32–33)
Crisis on Multiple Earths: The Team-Ups Vol. 1 (Green Lantern Vol. 2 #40)
Crisis on Multiple Earths: The Team-Ups Vol. 2 (Green Lantern Vol. 2 #45, 52)
References
External links
Alan Scott at Comic Vine
All-American Publications characters
Characters created by Bill Finger
Comics characters introduced in 1940
DC Comics characters who have mental powers
DC Comics characters who use magic
DC Comics male superheroes
DC Comics metahumans
DC Comics telekinetics
Earth-Two
Fictional actors
Fictional avatars
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional characters displaced in time
Fictional characters who can manipulate light
Fictional characters who can manipulate reality
Fictional characters who can manipulate time
Fictional characters who can turn intangible
Fictional characters with density control abilities
Fictional characters with elemental and environmental abilities
Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
Fictional characters with metal abilities
Fictional characters with slowed ageing
Fictional drivers
Fictional electrical engineers
Fictional hypnotists and indoctrinators
Fictional male martial artists
Fictional mechanics
Fictional reporters
Fictional writers
Golden Age superheroes
Green Lantern Corps officers
Mythology in DC Comics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Scott |
WMAJ (1230 kHz) is an AM radio station in the Elmira-Corning market of New York state. It broadcasts at 1,000 watts at day and 910 watts at night from studios in Corning, New York. It airs an adult contemporary format branded as "Magic 106.7/106.9".
History
WMAJ's first license was granted on December 7, 1939, as a new station operated by the Elmira Star-Gazette with the call sign WENY. It was initially assigned to 1200 kHz, with studios in the Mark Twain Hotel on Market Street in Elmira.
WENY was the third Star-Gazette affiliated radio station. In the spring of 1932, the newspaper had briefly assumed control of WBGF in Glen Falls, and changed that station's call letters to WESG, with plans to move the station to Elmira. However, a short time later the newspaper instead entered into a long-term lease with Cornell University to operate its station in Ithaca from the newspaper's studios in Elmira. At this time, the Cornell station changed its call letters from WEAI to WESG (now WHCU).
The newspaper's leasing of WESG was terminated in mid-1940, and WENY became the Star-Gazette's sole radio outlet. In 1941, WENY moved to 1230 kHz, as part of the reassignments made under the provisions of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), where it remains today.
Former sister station WENY-FM was launched in the 1960s.
In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, WENY was a full-service operation with an extensive air staff and local news department and by far the dominant radio station in the Elmira market.
In the 1970s, as a Top 40 music station, WENY adopted the slogan "We're the One", a play on the Orleans song "Still The One", which was popular at the time and was used in promotions for ABC television, of which then-sister station WENY-TV 36 was an affiliate. The members of Orleans also were natives of the Elmira and Ithaca areas.
The station kept playing music until the early 1990s, when it switched to talk radio. That was when it dropped Voice of the People, a long-running local talk show that ran weeknights at 6 p.m. Ted Hodge was the host of Voice of the People in the late 1970s.
Longtime owner Howard Green sold the station cluster to Lilly Broadcasting in 1999. As Lilly (and its predecessor, SJL Broadcast Management) was primarily a television company at the time (it would eventually reenter radio in 2019), Lilly sold off the radio stations to White Broadcasting in 2000, which switched the AM side to an oldies format. Under a limited marketing agreement, the station was managed by Eolin Broadcasting Inc., which also owned talk radio station WCLI, WCBA-FM (adult contemporary), WCBA (adult standards) and WGMM (oldies). White sold the station to EBI in 2001, at which time the television station was separated from the radio stations.
EBI moved the station to its headquarters in South Corning and switched WENY back to talk radio, simulcasting with WCLI.
In 2003, EBI sold all of the stations to Route 81 Radio, based in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. When Route 81 Radio went defunct, WS Media, a shell company for William and Paige Christian (owners of TV station WYDC), bought the stations. To circumvent ownership caps, the Christians each operate some of the stations under each individual owner's name. In November 2019, Standard Media struck an agreement to buy all of the Christians' broadcast assets, including WENY.
WENY carried a mostly syndicated lineup. Frankly Speaking with Frank Acomb, a local program, was heard during morning drive time. The station simulcast local high school sports with WGMM, with Denis Sweeney on play-by-play.
Though WENY shared the same "Patriot" brand as other Waypoint conservative talk stations WGGO and WSHY, it did not share the same lineup of hosts, because WWLZ, a competing station owned by Seven Mountains Media, held the rights to almost all the shows on those stations in the Elmira market for over a decade. The lineup became available to WENY in 2020 when WWLZ changed formats.
In June 2021, WENY changed their format from talk (which continued on WENI) to adult contemporary, branded as "Magic 106.7/106.9" (the format and "Magic" branding moved from WENI-FM 92.7 and WENY-FM 97.7). This returned WENY to its earlier years as a music station.
On February 13, 2023, the station changed its call sign to WMAJ.
Notable former staff
John Kobylt
Carl Hausman
Horn in the Morn
Ron Ferro
Steve Christy
Dick Irland
References
§Online posts of letter signed by Dale L. Taylor, Manager, on WENY letterhead on March 4, 1940; Press and Sun Bulletin article, September 18, 1997, p. 13, some names and dates mentioned in reporting on Taylor's passing away.
External links
Denis Sweeney's WENY sports page
Frankly Speaking with Frank Acomb
FCC History Cards for WMAJ (covering 1938-1981 as WENY)
MAJ (AM)
Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1939
1939 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMAJ%20%28AM%29 |
Oregon-Davis Junior-Senior High School serves the town of Hamlet, Indiana and surrounding communities in Starke County. It is administered by the Oregon-Davis School Corporation. It is a consolidation of Hamlet & Grovertown high schools.
Athletics
In the 2006–2007 season, Oregon-Davis won both the boys and girls class A state basketball titles. The following sports are offered at Oregon-Davis:
Boys
Basketball
Baseball
Cross country
Soccer
Swimming
Girls
Basketball
Cross country
Golf
Swimming
Volleyball
See also
List of high schools in Indiana
References
External links
Public high schools in Indiana
Schools in Starke County, Indiana
Public middle schools in Indiana
1968 establishments in Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon-Davis%20Junior-Senior%20High%20School |
WCBF (96.1 MHz, "95-96-97 Bigfoot Country") is an FM radio station licensed to Elmira, New York. It is owned by Seven Mountains Media and airs a country music format.
History
The station signed on the air as WENY-FM in 1965 at 92.7 FM as a sister station to WENY. The call letters WENY-FM had previously been assigned to another station in Elmira. It was licensed to the Elmira Star-Gazette, Incorporated, and began broadcasting November 1, 1948, on 106.9 MHz. It was a sister station to WENY, an AM station.
In 1977, the station changed its call letters to WLEZ, and was playing adult contemporary music. Known as EZ-92, the station was automated for most of the broadcast day, but had a popular morning show through the 1980s hosted by Chris Faber.
The station reclaimed its WENY-FM call sign on November 4, 1991. It also switched to a satellite-delivered adult contemporary format as an affiliate of the Northeast Satellite Entertainment network.
Longtime owner Howard Green sold the station to White Broadcasting in 2000. Under a limited marketing agreement, the station was managed by Eolin Broadcasting Inc., which also owned talk radio station WCLI, WCBA-FM (adult contemporary), WCBA (adult standards) and WGMM (oldies). White sold the station to EBI in 2001
EBI moved the station to its headquarters in South Corning and began simulcasting airing WCBA-FM programming on WENY. The stations were known as the Crystal Radio Network. That nomenclature came from WCBA-FM, which had been known as "Crystal 98.7" for a few years.
In 2003, EBI sold all of the stations to Route 81 Radio, based in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Route 81 switched WCBA-FM's frequency to 97.7 (which was WGMM's) and its calls to WENI. The stations still air the same adult contemporary programming, but now are known as Magic 92.7 and 97.7. Route 81 dissolved and the stations ended up in the hands of William and Paige Christian's Sound Communications.
In 2017, Sound Communications filed to swap the license for WENY-FM to Kevin Fitzgerald and George Hawras' Europa Communications in exchange for the license for WPHD, in a move speculated to allow the Christians the opportunity to acquire another station in the Elmira-Corning area (South Waverly, Pennsylvania, the community to which WPHD was licensed, is located just outside the designated market area). The swap was consummated on November 15, 2017, along with the formats. In addition, the stations swapped call signs on November 20, 2017. On December 8, 2017, WPHD moved from 92.7 FM to 96.1 FM. (info taken from stationintel.com) On June 25, 2020, the station changed its call sign to WCBF. On July 3, 2020, the station adopted a country music format branded "Bigfoot Country", and the WPHD call sign and classic hits format moved to 104.9 FM.
HD Radio
On May 24, 2018, WPHD launched two formats on their HD Radio subchannels—WPHD-HD2 was airing a rhythmic contemporary format, branded as "Hot 102.9" (simulcast on translator W275BA 102.9 FM Elmira) and WPHD-HD3 was airing an alternative rock format, branded as "93 The Drive" (simulcast on translator W226BA 93.1 FM Elmira).
On January 6, 2020, WPHD-HD3/W226BA changed their format from alternative rock to a simulcast of mainstream rock-formatted WNGZ 104.9 FM Montour Falls.
Translators
WCBF also broadcasts on the following FM translators:
W277DW relays WCBF-HD2; W269BK and W300DH relay WCBF-HD3; W226BA and W228DN relay WCBF-HD4.
References
External links
CBF (FM)
Radio stations established in 1965
1965 establishments in New York (state)
Country radio stations in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCBF%20%28FM%29 |
Pompano Beach Airpark is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) northeast of the central business district of Pompano Beach, in Broward County, Florida, United States. This airport is publicly owned by the City of Pompano Beach.
This airport is assigned a three-letter location identifier of PMP by the Federal Aviation Administration, but the International Air Transport Association (IATA) airport code is PPM (the IATA assigned PMP to Pimaga in Papua New Guinea). The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) airport code is KPMP.
History
Pompano Beach Airport was constructed during World War II as an Naval outlying landing field (NOLF) for Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale, what is now the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport. On August 29, 1947, the City of Pompano Beach obtained the Airport under the Surplus Property Act of 1944 and renamed it Pompano Beach Air Park, due to its intent to limit the airport's usage to general aviation. For the same reason, the City shortened Runway 15–33 from its original length of to its current length of in 1971.
Additional lands surrounding the air park, including land along Copans Road and the Florida East Coast Railway tracks to the west of the air park, were transferred to the City on June 24, 1948, bringing the total acreage at the air park to . On August 5, 1958, of air park property were released to the Broward County School Board for the construction of Pompano Beach Elementary School. The County received 9 more acres on September 18, 1967. On March 8, 1958, the City sold , located in the northeast corner of the air park property, for development of the Pompano Square Mall. The final transfer of air park property occurred in 1981 when in the southwestern section of the air park property were purchased by the Pompano Elks Club. These transfers account for the current total of the air park.
Pompano Beach Air Park is owned by the City of Pompano Beach. The air park is a Surplus Property Act airport. The Surplus Property Act of 1944 states that any lands conveyed under the act must be used for aviation purposes or ownership reverts to the FAA. The FAA can, however, release excess portions of the property for non-aviation purposes, and any proceeds from the sale of excess property must be used to support airport growth and development under the stipulations of the Surplus Property Act.
Facilities and aircraft
Pompano Beach Airpark covers an area of which contains three runways:
Runway 6/24: , surface: asphalt
Runway 10/28: , surface: asphalt
Runway 15/33: , surface: asphalt
The airport also has an operational air traffic control tower under the FAA Contract Tower Program.
For 12-month period ending May 26, 2017 the airport had 169,722 aircraft operations, an average of 465 per day: 99.9% general aviation (169,506), <1% air taxi (136) and <1% military (80). There were at the time 131 aircraft based at this airport: 71% single engine (125), 17% multi engine (12), 4% jet aircraft (4) and 8% helicopter (17).
The Goodyear Blimp Spirit of Innovation is based out of Pompano Beach Airpark.
Fixed-base operators
Sheltair Aviation Services
Aviation schools
Dare to Dream Aviation - training pilots and instructors since 2001
Orange Wings Aviation Academy
Florida Aviation Academy
Learn to Fly Center
American Flyers
Tailwheel Academy
Charter services
Skymax
References
External links
Pompano Beach Airpark
1940s establishments in Florida
Airports in Florida
Airports in Broward County, Florida
Buildings and structures in Pompano Beach, Florida
Military in Florida
United States Naval Outlying Landing Fields
Closed installations of the United States Navy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompano%20Beach%20Airpark |
"Out of the Woodwork" is a comic book storyline based on the Buffy television series and published in Buffy the Vampire Slayer #31-34 by Dark Horse Comics. It was later reprinted in a trade paperback collected edition.
Story description
General synopsis
During one of Sunnydale's hottest summer, the town is suffering from a severe infestation of insects anyone. Strangely, some people are starting to transform into huge demonic insects. Buffy and company must stop this.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer #31
Comic title: Lost and Found
A Sunnydale alleyway becomes the center of some weird happenings. Buffy and her friends try to find out. Meanwhile, Giles has a new girlfriend, but the Scoobies suspect she can't be trusted.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer #32
Comic title: Invasion
The Scooby Gang cope with a ghost in an alleyway and an infestation of really angry insects. Whoever is responsible remains hidden to the gang. Giles seems unusually upbeat thanks to the company of his new woman.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer #33
Comic title: Hive Mentality
Giles' new lady-friend has gone missing and may have been taken by bugmen. Willow and Tara read a dusty volume called Demonic Entomology to try and solve Sunnydale's insect problem. Giles is worried that he might lose another lover yet must rely on Buffy to defeat the insect-threat.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer #34
Comic title: Out of the Fire, Into the Hive
Buffy and her friends discover the secret behind the Sunnydale infestation. Meanwhile, the bug hunt to an end as Buffy challenges a crazy scientist, many nasty bugs, and their Queen.
Continuity
Supposed to be set in Buffy season 4.
Takes place after Past Lives, and before False Memories.
Canonical issues
Buffy comics such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. However, unlike fan fiction, overviews summarizing their story, written early in the writing process, were approved by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy merchandise. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20the%20Woodwork%20%28Buffy%20comic%29 |
Siempre Selena () is the second posthumously released album by American singer Selena, released by EMI Latin on October 29, 1996. The album contained mostly unreleased recordings and remixes of previously released content. Songs on the album range from a 14-year-old Selena on "Soy Amiga" (1986) to the shelved Don Juan DeMarco (1995) soundtrack song "Siempre Hace Frio". Siempre Selena was a result of the impact of Selena's death in March 1995, where the singer's father and manager Abraham Quintanilla Jr. began receiving requests from fans of her music. Abraham rediscovered forgotten tapes of songs Selena recorded for various projects. Following her death, Abraham expressed how he wanted to keep the singer's legacy alive and that public knowledge of Selena was very important to him. Critical reception of Siempre Selena was mixed, with varying reviews suggesting that the album was more for Selena's fan base and found no particular track on the album to be of any interest, while others favored its diversity and remastered songs.
Music retailers believed that Siempre Selena would be another sellout due to the commercial success of Dreaming of You (1995), as well as strong presale copies and demands for the album by fans, and by local disc jockeys who were hyping the album. Retailers reported "modest" sales, while other stores reported that sales for the album had flattened. Manolo Gonzalez, marketing director of EMI Latin, explained to media outlets how the company intentionally did not market Siempre Selena aggressively. An Austin American-Statesman editor called corporate EMI Latin's marketing team an "oxymoron" on their marketing scheme. Despite sluggish sales, Siempre Selena debuted and peaked atop the US Billboard Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums chart with 10,500 units sold in its first week. It peaked at number 82 on the Billboard 200 chart. It remained at number one for two consecutive weeks on the Top Latin Albums chart and 14 consecutive weeks atop the Regional Mexican Albums chart. The lead single, "Siempre Hace Frio" peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs and Regional Mexican Songs chart, while "Costumbres" peaked within the top 15. In November 2017, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has certified the album triple platinum for shipments of 300,000 units in the United States.
Background
In March 1995, American Tejano music singer Selena was shot and killed by Yolanda Saldívar, her friend and former manager of the singer's boutiques. At the time of her death the singer was working on a crossover album that would have propelled her into the American pop arena. The impact of the singer's death had a negative impact on Latin music, her genre—which she catapulted it into the mainstream market—suffered and its popularity waned following Selena's death. The crossover-planned album Dreaming of You was released posthumously in July 1995, debuting and peaking atop the United States Billboard 200 albums chart, the first majority Spanish-language recording to do so in the chart's history. The album's release started a "buying frenzy" for anything related or containing Selena among Hispanic and Latino Americans. Selena's father and manager Abraham Quintanilla Jr. explained to Mario Taradell of The Odessa American that "there is an insatiable hunger for Selena's music out there". He further said how he constantly receives letters and phone calls from fans requesting the singer's music. Following his daughter's death, Abraham began going through boxes and found "more songs that Selena recorded that we had forgotten about." He explained how he wanted to preserve Selena's legacy and that it's important to him that public consciousness of the singer remains intact. Selena's brother and principal record producer, A.B. Quintanilla explained on Biography that Selena's wishes were for her fans to "never forget about her". Since Selena's death, her family has been criticized by fans and the media for exploiting the singer and cannibalizing on her murder by releasing more music.
Music and lyrics
Siempre Selena contains mostly unreleased recordings and remixes of previously released content. The oldest song on the album, "Soy Amiga" was recorded when Selena was 14-years old. Taradell called it a "breezy Latin pop number." and found that the singer's vocals "were kept intact but the music was redone to fit today's radio sound." Chris Riemenschneider of the Austin American-Statesman did not approve of the remastered version of "Soy Amiga", calling it a "fluffy pop song" that lacks "any passion." Along with "Soy Amiga", other songs on the album including, "Como Quisiera" and "Costumbres", were released prior to Selena signing a recording contract with EMI Latin in 1989. "Como Quisiera" was originally a "Tex Mex tune" and remixed into a midtempo mariachi recording, while Juan Gabriel's "Costumbres", was turned into a "feisty yet palatable cumbia style" track. Lyrically, "Como Quisiera" is about a girl who "deeply loves" a guy who broke her heart. The unreleased demo that was intended for the crossover market, "Only Love", was recorded in 1990 and was shelved. Abraham told Taradell how the song was "too adult contemporary and we wanted to go with something more pop." Taradell called it a "faceless pop ballad." while editors of the Orlando Sentinel called it a contemporary R&B track about "whether to go on with life without the man she loves." Taradell found "A Million to One" as being "a slightly sensuous flavor" due to the introduction of the saxophone on the recording. Riemenschneider found "Only Love" and "A Million to One" to be musically similar as "jazz-light" numbers that failed to convey the singer as having mainstream potential. The producers of the soundtrack of the 1995 romantic comedy-drama film Don Juan DeMarco—in which Selena played a mariachi singer—decided not to include her recordings of "Tú Sólo Tú", "El Toro Relajo", and "Siempre Hace Frio". Christopher John Farley of Time magazine said the producers who excluded the songs regretted this move following the impact of Selena's death. The latter two were included on the Dreaming of You album, while "Siempre Hace Frio" was added to the Siempre Selena set list. "Siempre Hace Frio", which is a "soulful mariachi song." lyrically describes a woman who wants her boyfriend back, though he is with another girl. Riemenschneider called the track a "lazy, mournful mariachi" that finds Selena "belting her own special borderland blues, but she leaves little to cry at the end." He added how "Selena's doubters who think she was more about image than talent" should listen to "Siempre Hace Frio". He wrote shock jock Howard Stern—who poke fun of the singer's death and her mourners—as one of those "Selena's doubters".
Songs such as "No Quiero Saber", "Ya No", and "Tu Robaste Mi Corazon" have all been remixed. "Tu Robaste Mi Corazon", originally recorded as a duet with Emilio Navaira, was re-recorded with Pete Astudillo, former Selena y Los Dinos band member. The remix version of "No Quiero Saber" on the album was remixed in early March 1996 for the 1996 Summer Olympics Latin-themed album, Voces Unidas. It entered the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart at number 35 in the week ending May 11. It peaked at number six on the week ending June 22, 1996, while peaking at number 10 a week later on the Latin Pop Songs chart. "Siempre Hace Frio" was released as the lead single from the album in October 1996, it debuted at number 21 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and number ten on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Songs chart. It peaked at number two on the Hot Latin Songs and Regional Mexican Songs chart in its seventh week, following the album's debut on the Top Latin Albums chart. It remained at number two on the Regional Mexican Songs chart for three consecutive weeks, and four consecutive weeks at number two on the Hot Latin Songs charts before falling. "Costumbres" was released as the final single in January 1997, debuting at number 24 on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the week ending January 25. In its second week Selena's version outperformed Banda El Recodo's version on the Hot Latin Songs chart on the week ending February 1. In the following week, "Costumbres" peaked at number 15. At the 1997 Tejano Music Awards, "Siempre Hace Frio" won the Tejano Music Award for Song of the Year, while "No Quiero Saber" won Crossover Song of the Year.
Critical reception
Mario Tarradell of The Odessa American called the album "Selena's musical scrapbook." He favored its diversity, calling it "more impressive than most posthumous repackingings" essentially for having previously unreleased tracks. He believed it was "timed to set up the media blitz" on the then-upcoming soundtrack to the Selena biopic. The Desert Suns Fred Shuster panned the album as "second-rate material at best." He called the ballads on the album "dreary" and found the album to be generated towards "fans awaiting the Selena movie." Shuster noted that if the listener has "a weakness to slow love songs [then] forget it." Because of the new mixes and unreleased content, Natalia Pignato and Umatilla High of the Orlando Sentinel reported that they "love this CD" and that it displays "the bittersweet success of unfulfilled promise." In a poll conducted by News-Press in January 1997, DJs were asked to pick their top ten albums they would bring on a deserted island, Siempre Selena was among those chosen.
AllMusic called Siempre Selena a "posthumous collection of rarities and lesser-known songs." The website found the album to be "of interest to dedicated fans" and noted that there "are a few worthwhile items" throughout the recording. Ramiro Burr wrote in The Billboard Guide to Tejano and Regional Mexican Music (1999), that Siempre Selena contained "vocal tracks [that] were lifted and combined with different instrumental tracks". John Lannert of Billboard magazine called the album "a collection of previously unreleased English- and Spanish-language tracks" with what he said to be "sonically touched up early Latino numbers". Paul Verna, also from Billboard, called the recording as "slickly packaged" and a "so-so grab bag [that contains] romantic ballads" that he believed "is sure to appeal to [Selena's fan base] vast and loyal legion of fans". He found that Selena's fan base has "not grown weary of slow-paced love songs [such as] "Como Quisiera" and "Tu Robaste Mi Corazon." Riemenschneider found the album to "[offer] a wide and impressive range of mostly unheard music from Selena's too short career." He opined that Siempre Selena "proves [the singer] was the queen of her domain."
Commercial performance
On October 19, 1996, it was revealed that Siempre Selena would be commercially available on October 29. Local music shops reported that interest in the album reached far back as a few weeks before the album was released. Local Tejano disc jockeys further hyped the craze predicting that the album would be "wildly popular" because of Selena's fans. Presale copies and interest in the album gave music retailers high hopes for the recording, believing it would be a sellout. Roughly 500 people had pre-screened the album at Hastings Books in Midland, Texas, the night before it went on sale. Music retailers were flabbergasted that sales for the album had flattened, though reported that sales were "modest". According to South Texas music retailers, sales for the album were considerably lower in comparison to Dreaming of You. All That Music in El Paso reportedly was "busy [in] filling the demand for [the album]", while other stores in the same area reported that "sales were slow". The album wasn't selling much but "a handful of copies" at a Blockbuster Music store in San Antonio. Local businesses predicted that sales would eventually pick up towards Christmas. Marketing director of EMI Latin, Manolo Gonzalez expressed how the company intentionally went "low-key" in marketing Siempre Selena in comparison to Dreaming of You. Gonzalez said how he wanted to be "very conservative with this album" and that EMI Latin had shipped 400,000 units throughout the United States. Riemenschneider called EMI Latin and the singer's family an "oxymoron" for their marketing scheme, or rather lack thereof of Siempre Selena. Riemenschneider believed their reasoning behind the insignificant promotion to be an avoidance of "Selena overkill" with the soundtrack and biopic that were due in a few months. He found their move in having little promotion to be a "mistake", calling Siempre Selena the one "Selena's caretakers should have promoted [following her death]".
The album became a sleeper hit, debuting atop the US Billboard Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums chart with 10,500 units sold in the week ending November 23, 1996. On the Billboard 200, Siempre Selena debuted and peaked at number 82. The album also helped increased sales to Selena's other works, including Dreaming of You and Amor Prohibido (1994). After two weeks at number one, Siempre Selena was displaced by Julio Iglesias' Tango album in the week ending December 7. Siempre Selena finished 1996 as the 44th best-selling Latin album of the year, her Dreaming of You album remained that year's best-selling record. After 14 consecutive weeks at number one on the Regional Mexican Albums chart, Siempre Selena was dethroned by Grupo Limite's Partiendome el Alma. On its 19th week, the album regain the number one position on the Regional Mexican Albums chart on the week ending March 29, 1997, following the release of the Selena soundtrack. During the second anniversary of the singer's death on March 31, sales of Siempre Selena jumped 48% remaining atop the Regional Mexican Albums chart and climbing the Top Latin Albums chart at number three, a position higher from the previous week. The album remained at number one for three additional weeks before it fell from the top spot on the week ending May 10. It was subsequently nominated for Female Album of the Year at the 1997 Billboard Latin Music Awards. In its quarterly recap of the top selling Latin albums of 1997, Siempre Selena ranked third behind Enrique and Julio Iglesias' albums, respectively. The recording finished 1997 as the fourth best-selling Latin album in the United States, while it finished second on the Regional Mexican Albums year-end list. In December 2002, the RIAA certified Siempre Selena double platinum for shipments of 200,000 units; her 10th certified album. They re-certified the recording triple platinum (180,000 album-equivalent units sold) in November 2017.
Track listing
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Siempre Selena.
Vocal credits
Selena – vocals, composer
Rebecca Valdez – background vocals
Mariachi Sol de Mexico – background vocals
Jessie Garcia – background vocals
Pete Astudillo – background vocals
Instruments
Ismael Espinoza – violin
Miguel Guzman – violin
Carlos Rosas – violin
Jose M. Vargas – violin
Rafael Garcia – trumpet
Fabian Maltos – accordion
Joe Posada – saxophone
A.B. Quintanilla – bajo sexto, bass
Ricky Vela – keyboards
Ray Paz – keyboards
Chris Perez – guitar
Jesse Garcia – guitar
Jesse Ybarra – guitar
Henry Gomez – vihuela
Mateo Garcia – requinto
Brian "Red" Moore – bajo sexto, bass
Technical and production credits
Pete Astudillo – composer
Robbie Buchanan – composer
Alberto Cervantes – composer
Ruben Fuentes – composer
Juan Gabriel – composer
Simon Gallup – composer
Phil Medley – composer
Cuco Sanchez – composer
Robert Smith – composer
Mark Spiro – composer
Laurence Tolhurst – composer
Ricky Vela – composer
A.B. Quintanilla – composer, executive producer
Brian "Red" Moore – engineer, producer
Nelson Gonzalez – supervisor producer
Visuals and imagery
Paul Wenzel – art direction
Charts
Weekly charts
Quarterly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
See also
1996 in Latin music
Selena albums discography
List of number-one Billboard Top Latin Albums from the 1990s
List of number-one Billboard Regional Mexican Albums of 1996
Latin American music in the United States
References
Bibliography
External links
1996 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by A.B. Quintanilla
Compilation albums published posthumously
EMI Latin compilation albums
Remix albums published posthumously
Selena compilation albums
Spanish-language albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siempre%20Selena |
The Nissan Leopard is a line of sport/luxury cars built by Japanese carmaker Nissan. The Leopard began life in 1980 and was discontinued in 1999. The Leopard were initially based on the Japanese market Nissan Skyline and Nissan Laurel, then later based on the chassis of their Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria contemporaries and were rear wheel drive. Final versions were the contributing factors to Nissan's Infiniti M and J products.
The Leopard sedan was sold exclusively in Japan at Nissan Bluebird Store locations as a companion to the Fairlady Z, allowing Nissan to sell a badge engineered version of the Skyline and Laurel, while the coupe was exclusive to Nissan Motor Store locations. The Leopard was cancelled as a result of the Nissan Revival Plan, a casualty of overproduction. It was succeeded by the Nissan Fuga.
First generation: F30 (1980-1986)
The first Leopard (also known as Leopard TR-X) was introduced in September 1980 as a contender in the upper medium class of cars, including its primary Toyota contender, the Toyota Chaser. The angular body, available as a two-door hardtop coupé "personal luxury car", and a four-door hardtop sedan, which featured very slim C- and D-pillars and large glass surfaces. The coupé featured a "glass-to-glass" rear window sharing the very slim C- and D-pillars from the sedan. The angular appearance was shared with the Fairlady Z, but the coupé was exclusive to Nissan Motor Store locations, while the sedan was exclusive to Nissan Bluebird Store Japanese Nissan dealerships. The coupé replaced the Nissan Cedric/Gloria coupé and the Nissan Laurel coupé. The wind resistance coefficient of the two-door version is 0.37. At the time of introduction, the two body styles both carried the same price tags. The Leopard featured some industry firsts, for instance a fuel consumption gauge in the dashboard.
Originally the Leopard was available with naturally aspirated inline four- and six-cylinder engines of 1,800, 2,000, and 2,800 cc displacement; the largest engine received an electronic engine management system developed together with Hitachi, and was called NAPS-Z. The 1.8 liter fours were also originally available with a four-speed manual transmission, all others received five-speeds as standard (or an optional three-speed automatic). In July 1981 a two-liter turbocharged engine was added. Available as a GX, SGX, and ZGX, it had the same maximum output (145 PS) as did the more expensive and heavier 2.8.
In September 1982, the Leopard received a mild facelift and with it, the under-performing 2.8 was dropped from the lineup. In June 1984 a limited Turbo Grand Edition with the 300ZX's 3 litre turbo engine joined the line-up.
The car shared many components with the six-cylinder version of the Datsun Bluebird 910, sold in North America as the Datsun 810 (and later renamed the Nissan Maxima), but used a platform based on the Nissan Skyline R30. The Japanese version had side view mirrors mounted on the front fenders and (uniquely) had small wipers attached to the top of the mirrors to remove accumulated rain and dirt from the surface of the mirrors. The vehicle's styling seemed to be influenced by its more successful main competitor, the Toyota Soarer. However, when the Leopard was introduced, the styling was already a little dated and the coupé-only Soarer did significantly better in the market.
A list of the various trim levels and engines that the Leopard was available with at its introduction. The 2-liter engine gave Japanese buyers the option of paying less annual road tax:
After a mild styling update in late 1982, the car was offered in the following variations:
180X GX, SGX
200X SGX, ZGX
200 Turbo SGX, ZGX, ZGX Super Edition
300 Turbo Grand Edition
Second generation: F31 (1986-1992)
The F31 Leopard appeared in February 1986 and was only available as a luxury GT coupé. This vehicle shared a platform with the Nissan Skyline R31, Nissan Cefiro A31, and the Nissan Laurel C32 to share development costs.
The F31 Leopard was directly competing mainly to the Toyota Soarer, Mazda Cosmo, and the Honda Legend coupé in 1986. Whereas Toyota offered the Soarer with several iterations of its two liter inline six and the single turbo 7M-GTE, Nissan had either non-turbo or turbo V6 inside its, then new, Leopard. The displacements of the engines were of either a 2.0L or a 3.0L, and they were the VG30DET, VG30DE, VG20DET (post 1988), VG20ET (prior to 1988), and VG20E. Early 2.0 turbo versions had the single-cam (per bank) VG20ET, but from August 1988, the quad cam version appeared. The bodywork was also facelifted at this time, and now featured a somewhat smoother front appearance. It was the facelifted version that was exported to the USA, and approximately 12,000 Leopards were sold (with around 6,000 of those being converted to convertibles by ASC). In the USA, the F31 was called the Infiniti M30. Output of the VG30DE engine also increased marginally at the time of the facelift. Available in top spec form was the new turbocharged 3 litre VG30DET engine which produces . Only the smaller VG20ET and VG20DET engines had intercoolers.
The installation of 2.0 L engines in shorter vehicles was that so the lower trim packages offered Japanese buyers the ability to purchase a luxury coupé that didn't incur a yearly tax for owning a vehicle that didn't comply with Japanese Government dimension regulations. The use of a smaller engine also offered Japanese buyers yearly road tax savings.
The angular bodywork was reflected in the companion fastback sportscar, called the Fairlady ZX, but the coupé remained exclusive to the Nissan Motor Store locations in Japan. The Leopard's more traditional coupé styling was offered as an alternative to the Fairlady ZX's fastback appearance.
Trim packages started with the top level Ultima Grand Selection with the 3.0 V6 engine, the Ultima with the 3.0 V6, (later the Ultima received the 3.0 V6 turbo), the XS-II Grand Selection with the 2.0 V6 Turbo, the XS-II with the 2.0 V6 Turbo, the XS with the V6 Turbo, the XJ-II with a 2.0 V6 and the base model called the XJ with the 2.0 V6. All models came with a digital instrument cluster, all models except the XS and the XJ came with stereo and cruise control buttons installed in the steering wheel center pad, and both Grand Selection models were installed with a 6-inch TV screen installed in the dashboard below the A/C controls that allowed passengers to watch broadcast TV if the transmission was in Park and the parking brake applied. The video entertainment system also had RCA connections to attach a camcorder and watch recorded video. The stereo and video equipment was supplied by Sony. On top of that, the Ultima models featured a keyless entry card.
The Leopard F31 had few factory options, but dealers offered the addition of a cellular phone installed in a dedicated compartment in the dashboard above the glove compartment where a modern passenger side airbag would now be located, and a choice of a cassette tape changer with a separate single disc CD player later upgraded to a CD changer. Catering to Japanese tastes for luxury, the Leopard wasn't available in leather for all trim packages, with wool interior offered on the top three trim packages. The front passenger seat was also equipped with what Nissan called "Partner Comfort Seat" where the top portion of the front passenger seat was further articulated to tilt forward, supporting the passengers shoulders while allowing the seatback structure to recline. The front edge of the passenger seat cushion was also adjustable. This was created by Dr. Yoshiyuki Matsuoka who worked for Nissan starting in 1982.
Like the Skyline and Fairlady ZX, the Leopard coupé was a front-engined and rear-wheel drive vehicle. The RE4R01A four-speed automatic with electronic overdrive was used as well as a five-speed manual transmission, which was only available in the domestic Japanese market on the lower trim level XJ-II and the XJ 2.0 V6 without a turbo. The differential was a Nissan R200-type open differential.
The Leopard F31 was equipped with the DUET-SS "Super Sonic Suspension" II system that was also installed on other Nissan vehicles at the time, which featured a sonar module mounted under the front bumper that scanned the road surface and adjusted the suspension accordingly via actuators mounted on the strut towers. There was also a switch on the center console that allowed the driver to change between "Auto", "Soft", "Medium" and "Hard" settings on all models except the XS model, which removed the "Auto" selection.
The Leopard F31's production run lasted for seven years, ending in June 1992 due to lagging sales. Seven years was very long by period Japanese standards, nearly equating the runs of two generations of most Japanese cars of the time. Nobody knows exactly how many Infiniti M30 were produced for the US market, but it has been said that just over 17,000 were made. It is unknown how many were coupés and how many were convertibles; the convertible was only available in 1991 and 1992. 38,000 F31 Leopards were sold in Japan during its seven-year production span.
Third generation: Y32 (1992-1996)
The third generation was called Leopard J Ferie (jour férié is French for holiday) and appeared in June 1992. The word Ferie was (almost) shared with the Honda Civic Ferio sold at the same time. The use of the word "holiday" in an automobile name was previously done by Oldsmobile for products manufactured in the 1950s and 1960s with a hardtop bodystyle. It came only in the saloon bodystyle and followed the rounded shape of Bluebirds, Altimas, NX, and its companion sports car offering at Nissan Bluebird Store Japanese dealerships, the Fairlady ZX during this time period. It was sold in North America as the Infiniti J30. All J30s/Leopard J Feries were built in Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan. Production of the Y32 Leopard ended on June 18, 1997. It had a MacPherson strut front suspension with a multi-link suspension for the rear wheels, and utilized HICAS, Nissan's four wheel steering technology. The Y32 Leopard was a rear wheel drive luxury car that started production April 7, 1992 as a 1993 model to replace the Nissan Leopard F31 (which was a 2-door coupé), and was launched in Japan after its competitor, the Toyota Aristo.
The car was designed to slot between the smaller Nissan Primera and the larger Nissan Cedric, yet it shared a market position with the Nissan Cefiro and the Nissan Laurel, sold at different Nissan Japan sales channels. Also, it was fairly small and featured rounded styling uncharacteristic of the crowded executive luxury car class. The styling was meant to convey a more sport-minded appearance, in comparison to the Nissan Cedric, Gloria and Cima, on which this car shared a platform, that is now reminiscent of a four-door coupé. The chief exterior designer for the J30 was Jerry Hirshberg, president of Nissan Design International (NDI), who was responsible for the 1971-1973 Buick Riviera.
Power came from a 3.0 L VG30DE V6 (shared with the 300ZX) which produced and of torque. While it shares the Y32 Chassis with the Nissan Cedric/Gloria, it was also related to the Nissan Cima where it was offered with both the VG30DE and VH41DE V8. No turbo was available on this particular Leopard sedan. In Japan, three trim levels were offered, with the Type F offered with the VG30DE V6, the Type X with VH41DE V8 and a shared equipment level with the Type F, followed by the Type X-S sharing the equivalent content level with the North American V6 equipped J30, and the Type L which had the same equipment level as the Type X with the smaller V6 engine shared with the Type L-S sharing the equipment package with the Type X-S also V6 equipped. The V8 claimed in Japanese specifications.
This generation was the first time an engine with a displacement under 2.0 L wasn't offered in Japan, and resulted in Japanese buyers being liable for a higher annual road tax bill which affected sales.
To establish that this was a luxury vehicle, the plush leather interior was designed with assistance from Poltrona Frau of Italy. The seats were made by Poltrona Frau at a rate of only five a day. The interior treatment continued to use the contrasting arrangement used in the larger Nissan Infiniti Q45 with a dark color used for the dashboard, and center console, with a lighter shade color used inside for the seats, interior door panels, headliner, carpet, and carpeted floor mats. The driver's side window controls had an unusual placement in that the drivers window switch was both one-touch express down and double-sized, meaning it was the same width as two conventional window switches towards the top, with the front and rear passenger window switches further down, with the window lockout switch installed next to the front passenger switch, instead of the drivers window switch. The front passenger and rear passenger window switches were thumb activated, installed at the top of the interior door pull handle. This version of the Leopard was the first car sold in Japan to include a passenger-side airbag as standard equipment.
One of the numerous reasons the Y32 Leopard didn't meet projected sales goals was that its most distinguishing feature was a lack of interior room. It had the distinction of being a mid-size car with the space of a subcompact (less than a Sunny) due to its sloping roofline and rounded down trunk. The styling of the vehicle was more favorably regarded in Japan than it was in the USA. Total production of this vehicle was around 7,000 units internationally.
Information for this section of the article was translated from Leopard J Ferie.com
Fourth generation: Y33 (1996-1999)
The fourth and last generation of the Leopard, introduced in March 1996, again was offered as a hardtop sedan only, using frameless side windows with a "B" pillar. The "J Ferie" name was dropped for this version of the Leopard. It was based on the Y33 Cedric/Gloria and Cima chassis.
As the economic downturn of the post-"Japanese bubble economy" began to take effect, the Leopard suffered diminished sales, and directly competed with other Nissan large sedans and performance cars, and was discontinued.
It wasn't available in North America where the Infiniti mid-range had been replaced by the Nissan Cefiro/Infiniti I30. A V8 engine was no longer offered, and AWD was offered with the RB25DET turbocharged straight-six engine, borrowed from the Skyline. This vehicle also utilized Nissan's direct fuel injection engine configuration, which supplied fuel directly inside the engine cylinder, instead of inside the intake manifold just before entering the cylinders.
External links
Nissan Sedan history (japanese site)
References
Leopard
Grand tourers
Vehicles with four-wheel steering
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 1980
1990s cars
Cars discontinued in 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan%20Leopard |
Jose Maria Ramos de Leon Jr. (born October 14, 1946), popularly known as Joey de Leon, is a Filipino comedian, actor, television host and songwriter. He is one of the members of the comedy trio, collectively known as TVJ with Tito and Vic, who used to host the longest running noontime variety show, Eat Bulaga!. He is one of the co-founders of TVJ Productions and is currently the main host of the noontime show, E.A.T. which airs on TV5 Network.
Early life
De Leon was the second child of Jose Seoane de Leon (1918–2008) of Spanish Filipino descent, and Emma Manahan Ramos (1925–2019). His paternal grandfather was the first mayor of Malolos, Bulacan. When he was three years old, his parents divorced. His father then moved to Madrid, Spain and eventually remarried.
Career
Prior to being an entertainer, de Leon earned his architecture degree from the National University in Manila. He was also a disc jockey for 12 radio stations when he was starting out. De Leon started his showbiz career in the 1960s as a radio disc jockey and announcer. He worked for 12 radio stations, including all seven radio stations owned by ABS-CBN Corporation as well as other broadcasters like KBS. His first big break on TV was IBC 13's gag show OK Lang.
Tito, Vic and Joey
In 1975, de Leon became a co-host of GMA Network's late afternoon variety show Discorama hosted by Bobby Ledesma. He invited his former co-stars at OK Lang, the Sotto brothers Tito, Vic and Val, to join him at Discorama. Only Tito and Vic accepted de Leon's invitation. The newly-formed trio began to do comedy newscast segments interspersed with Top 40 hit-song parodies. Originally, the trio's appearance was supposed to be a one-off invitation as Discorama was set to be axed but after getting good feedback from the viewers and ratings were high, the show was given a new lease on life by GMA management. The trio was later invited to become part of the noontime show Student Canteen as they released 12 albums based on their Discorama Tough Hits segment.
The sitcom Iskul Bukol gave them nationwide fame as comedians. Soon after, other TV and movie offers came knocking on the trio's door.
In 1979, Tito, Vic and Joey began hosting the noontime show Eat Bulaga!, which was pitted against the more established Student Canteen. Not long after, Eat Bulaga! toppled Student Canteen from the ratings. The trio is still active on both Holy Week Dramas every Lenten Season and also on comedy variety show on Eat Bulaga!.
Solo artist
Although de Leon continued to do movies alongside his showbiz teammates Tito and Vic, he started doing solo performances for other TV shows. He top billed Joey and Son in 1982, a sitcom on RPN where he played father to a young boy named "Jeffrey Laperal" played back then by Ian Veneracion. He was also one of the gag performers on TODAS where his co-stars included Jimmy Santos and Val Sotto. Other TV shows included Apple Pie, Patis, Atbp., the Sharon Cuneta Show, and Let's Go Crazy. He was launched by Viva Films as a solo comedian in She-Man: Mistress of the Universe. He also tried his hand at directing films like Romeo Loves Juliet and Small, Medium, Large.
De Leon's films include Starzan. De Leon did several TV shows for GMA Network and ABC. In 1995, he made a film comeback via the comedy Bangers for Viva Films as well as Pipti-pipti, Ang Tipo kong Lalake and Takot Ako sa Darling Ko. He hosts Eat Bulaga! which is now the longest-running TV program in the Philippines, and appears in other shows like Mel and Joey, Startalk, Nuts Entertainment and started a new show for ABC, the now-defunct Teka Mona, which replaced Wow Mali, his long-running TV show on the same network. He started hosting Takeshi's Castle with Ryan Yllana. He is also the resident judge of the annual reality-based star search StarStruck and writes the entertainment column "De Leon's Den" once a week in the Philippine broadsheet Manila Bulletin.
In December 2006, de Leon returned to recording with a novelty song he wrote titled "Itaktak Mo" ("Shake It Off"). Seen by critics as his answer to the other wildly popular hit "Boom Tarat Tarat" (written by Lito Camo and sung by de Leon's rival host Willie Revillame), "Itaktak Mo" was softly launched on Eat Bulaga! shortly before the Christmas season. In January 2007, the song was launched on de Leon's album, Joey to the World 2 and gained airplay in most FM stations. "Itaktak Mo" has also become part of Eat Bulaga!s segment "Taktak Mo o Tatakbo" that replaced "Laban o Bawi", and is also one of the official dances of the 4th batch of the reality talent search StarStruck.
After "Itaktak Mo" became one of the most requested dance tunes of 2007, de Leon followed it up with "Kagat Labi Song", which was launched on Eat Bulaga! on September 22, 2007. The "Kagat Labi" dance craze was already sweeping the whole country by storm before de Leon wrote it. On February 24, 2008, de Leon released a song titled "Walang Daya" ("No Cheating") with lyrics comparing his love to his rival host Willie Revillame's misfortunes (Wilyonaryo, Ferrari and Ultra stampede). He first sang it on his own program Mel and Joey.
On July 31, 2008, de Leon tendered his irrevocable resignation as columnist ("De Leon's Den") for Manila Bulletin, and he is currently with The Philippine Star, and has a column, "Me, Starzan".
In late 2009, he wrote another hit Eat Bulaga! song titled "Ba Ba Boom". Then in early 2010, he wrote another song, "Aalog-Alog". He also wrote the theme song for Diz Iz It!.
In 2011, he played as Pablo Apostol, the rock-star father of George Apostol/DJ Heidee played by Sarah Geronimo in the romantic-comedy film Won't Last a Day Without You.
As a songwriter
De Leon wrote most of the lyrics of VST & Co. songs and some Cinderella songs. He also co-wrote "Ilagay Mo Kid" with Mike Hanopol which was performed by Hagibis. He also wrote "Ang Labo Mo" for Sharon Cuneta.
Controversies
Pepsi Paloma gang rape case
15-year old actress Pepsi Paloma accused de Leon and fellow comedians Vic Sotto and Richie D'Horsie of gang raping and taking photos of her on June 21, 1982, in a room at the Sulo Hotel in Quezon City. On July 31, Paloma's manager Rey dela Cruz lodged a formal complaint with Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile. On August 18, 1982, Paloma filed charges of rape and acts of lasciviousness against the three television personalities before the Quezon City fiscal's office. The crime of rape at the time, carried the death penalty in the Philippines, and to prevent his brother and his cohorts from being sent to the electric chair, Tito Sotto quickly went to see Paloma while she was still securing the services of Atty. Rene Cayetano. According to Paloma, Tito Sotto coerced her into signing an "Affidavit of Desistance" to drop the rape charges against his brother and cohorts—Tito Sotto had allegedly placed a pistol on the table in front of Paloma when he went to talk to her.
Depression and self-harm comments
On October 5, 2017, de Leon elicited controversy from Filipino netizens and high-profile figures advocating for mental health awareness, following a remark he made about depression during GMA's Eat Bulaga! segment "Juan for All, All for Juan", saying in part that the mental disorder is "just something made up by people" and that "they do it to themselves". He apologized the following day.
On September 23, 2023, de Leon sparked another controversy in TV5's E. A. T. segment "Gimme 5", where he suggested that a rope is one of the most common objects placed on a person's neck, which was widely interpreted by audiences as a reference to suicide by hanging. De Leon's remark was harshly criticised on social media as insensitive, resulting in calls for MTRCB chairperson Lala Sotto – daughter of fellow E.A.T. host Tito Sotto – to investigate on the matter. The management of E.A.T. issued an apology, saying they are "regretful and apologetic to those who were offended by the said utterance".
Filmography
Film
Television
Albums/songs discography
TVJ Tough Hits series (12 albums) (Vicor Music Corp.)
1990: Joey de Leon Tough Hits 1990 (OctoArts International, now PolyEast Records)
1993: JoeyRassic (MCA Music)
1999: Mga Pakyuuuut ni Joey de Leon (OctoArts-EMI Music, now PolyEast Records)
2003: "Spageti Song" (duet with Sexbomb Girls from the album Round 2) (Sony BMG)
2004: "Halukay Ube" (duet with Sexbomb Girls from the album Bomb Thr3at) (Sony BMG)
2004: Joey to the World (Sony BMG Music)
2007: Joey to the World 2 (Sony BMG Music) (featuring "Itaktak Mo")
2008: Kagat Labi (EMI Philippines, now PolyEast Records)
Awards
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
ABS-CBN personalities
Arellano University alumni
De La Salle University alumni
Filipino male comedians
20th-century Filipino male singers
Filipino songwriters
Filipino people of Spanish descent
Filipino television talk show hosts
Filipino television variety show hosts
GMA Network personalities
Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation personalities
TV5 (Philippine TV network) personalities
Male actors from Bulacan
Manila Bulletin people
National University (Philippines) alumni
The Philippine Star people
Radio Philippines Network personalities
Singers from Bulacan
People from Binondo
Male actors from Manila
Comedians from Manila
Filipino sketch comedians
Television controversies in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey%20de%20Leon |
We Kill Everything is the seventh album by Gwar, released on April 6, 1999, through Metal Blade Records.
Story
The album's story differs slightly from the version told in "It's Sleazy" and on tour.
The first three tracks on the album do not follow one particular story, and focus on Gwar's generally decadent ways. The fourth, "A Short History of the End of the World (Part VII (The Final Chapter (abbr.)))", begins (though an instrumental, it is explained that it refers to Gwar fighting the Master, the incident that led to their exile) the story, which continues through the title track.
This story chronicles Gwar's relationship with their Master, and the aftermath of their defiance. While Gwar was exiled to Earth, mystic Scumdog Scroda Moon went to search for them, only to be stranded on the moon with a tablet (that he himself carved, according to the movie and concerts) that supposedly chronicles all of time's events from the beginning to the end. After landing on Earth, Gwar somehow gets a hold of the tablet, and breaks it into pieces, which are promptly stolen (the album does not go into any more detail beyond this) and must be returned, else the Master would come to destroy Gwar.
Moon, dismissed as a crackpot, summons his inter-dimensional "portal potty" to assist them in their search - to which Gwar agree, on the condition that he smoke crack and drink with them. After his initiation, and combat with various creatures holding the pieces, Scroda's limbs are separated from his body and he dies, only to be revived and improved by Slymenstra Hymen.
The mock country tune "The Master Has a Butt" deals with the Master, and Gwar's final showdown. The title track concludes the story, with Gwar emerging victorious.
The last five tracks have nothing to do with the story, and deal with specific instances of Gwar's decadence (as do the first three). Scroda Moon is not mentioned again.
Overview
The band once again offers the funny ("Fishfuck") the gross ("Babyraper"), and the weird ("Penile Drip"). Mike Derks lends his vocals to the almost sensitive punk ballad, "Mary Anne". This album is mostly a collection of gruesomely corny jokes ("Fuckin' An Animal" and "Nitro Burning Funny Bong"), and contains significantly less brutality and heart than their previous works. "A Short History of the End of the World (Part VII(The Final Chapter(abbr.)))" is the first true Gwar instrumental (the title track from America Must Be Destroyed is a collection of samples over an instrumental track, and "Surf of Syn" on RagNaRok has Cardinal Syn's voice in the background), and showcases the musical capabilities of the band collective.
The lyrical content of We Kill Everything is in response to angry fans' complaints about the disgusting lyrics on Carnival of Chaos (or lack thereof). It is also the final Gwar album featuring Michael Bishop, who returned for a few months to replace Casey Orr as Beefcake the Mighty, Hunter Jackson (who would stay with the group until the end of 2000), Danielle Stampe (who toured until 2002), and Dave Musel on keyboards and samples. Bishop also brought along Tim Harriss, both of Kepone, to play lead guitar as Flattus Maximus. We Kill Everything is also the last album in the "Scumdogs" storyline (though "The Song of Words" on Violence Has Arrived and "Gwarnography" on Lust in Space make reference to it).
Some of the songs are themselves as old as Scumdogs of the Universe, and at least three are remakes of older songs ("A Short History of the End of the World" being a remake of the "Cardinal Syn Theme" from 1989, and "Escape from the Mooselodge", a remake of "The Needle," which featured BalSac the Jaws of Death on vocals for the first time with Gwar; the former can be heard in the video "It's Sleazy," and the latter on Slaves Going Single; "Tune from Da Moon" is a remake of the Death Piggy song "Minute 2 Live", with new lyrics).
The title track was tied as one of the two longest songs written by the band (Carnival of Chaos "Sammy," at 6:57 being the other) until the band released "War On GWAR" (7:21) on 2017's The Blood of Gods.
This is the first Gwar album not to feature Beefcake the Mighty on lead vocals since 1988, and Violence Has Arrived would continue that trend. "Jiggle the Handle" is the only song to feature Beefcake, as well as every other vocalist on the album, save one: "Balsac the Jaws of Death." It also has the distinction of being the Gwar song with the most vocalists actually singing—five (Scroda Moon, Portal Potty, Oderus, Beefcake and Slymenstra). It is tied with RagNaRok for having the most vocalists (six—Jackson, Brockie, Stampe, Derks, Bishop and Bob Gorman). There are eight distinct characters on the album: the six aforementioned, a narrator on "Escape from the Mooselodge," voiced by Dave Brockie (the song features him as the narrator and as Oderus), and former Gwar guitarist Cornelius Carnage (played by Greg Ottinger, though he originally played Stephen Sphincter) on "Jagermonsta".
We Kill Everything is the only other Gwar album to have been censored (the first was 1994's This Toilet Earth). The profanities are changed to various noises, and the titles "Fishfuck" and "Fuckin' An Animal" were omitted from the back cover. There also exists a Canadian release that too is censored on the back of the album, but is completely uncensored in the lyrics. There is another version that says "Censored Version" on the disc, yet actually has the back cover and the CD both fully uncensored.
Videos
Like many of Gwar's albums, We Kill Everything spawned a movie: 2001's It's Sleazy. Featured in this film is one of two music videos for the album: "Nitro Burnin' Funny Bong." In the 2002 "Ultimate Video Gwarchive" music video collection, Brockie states in the commentary for this video his disdain for this song, and most of the output from the time period of 1997–2000. Several parts of the song (including the entire second verse) are omitted from the video; in the "Ultimate Video Gwarchive" commentary, Mike Derks states that an entire reel of footage is missing (a reel which, presumably, contains the second verse).
The second video, "Fuckin' An Animal," was recorded well before "It's Sleazy," and was not in the movie. It is available, albeit censored, in the "Ultimate Video Gwarchive." It marks the first appearance of Zach Blair as Flattus Maximus, as well as the final appearance of Flattus' tail.
Band dismissal
The members of Gwar seldom discuss We Kill Everything in interviews. A news post on their website reads "...and the world breathed a collective sigh of relief that we hadn’t put out another “We Kill Everything”, no matter how much they might have enjoyed having sex with animals!", suggesting their dislike for the album. Since the Gwarmageddon 1999 tour, only "Babyraper" has remained a constant in their setlist, though their wrestling tours used "A Short History..." during the second match of the night. This could either be due to their dislike of the album, or the fact that because most of the songs deal with a specific concept or have a former member, they are unable to be played (though in soundcheck before their concerts, they do play "Short History of the End of the World"). Brockie (Oderus Urungus) particularly disliked the song "Nitro-Burnin' Funny Bong," which he described as "extremely annoying," along with the entire "It's Sleazy" video. However, Brockie, Derks and Brad Roberts (Jizmak Da Gusha) played "Nitro-Burnin' Funny Bong" as the Dave Brockie eXperience, along with other Gwar songs (including "Fishfuck;" another We Kill Everything song that the band no longer plays live). Also, on Gwar's 2006 DVD, titled "Blood Bath and Beyond," Oderus Urungus and Sleazy P. Martini describe Scroda Moon as "the stupidest Gwar character."
When it was active, Gwar's message board made it explicitly clear NOT to make mention of We Kill Everything, stating that those who did would be banned from the forum. However, as seen on a recent post from their website detailing the latest "GWAR-BQ" and the 30th Anniversary of the band, lead guitarist Brent Purgason did hint at the album title openly on its home page; stating that "I have yet to grasp this concept of the internet and the spouting of self-important speeches by people in social media; the INTERNET MUST DIE, so GWAR will KILL IT!. Management tells me the internet is not a person that can be fought and killed, but they don’t know the true power of a Scumdog. WE KILL EVERYTHING!”
It has been hinted by the Gwar members from around this time (including Danielle Stampe) that this is the band's least successful album, both in record sales and on tour.
Track listing
Personnel
Dave Brockie (Oderus Urungus) – lead vocals
Tim Harris (Flattus Maximus) – lead guitar, backing vocals
Mike Derks (Balsac the Jaws of Death) – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Mary Anne"
Mike Bishop (Beefcake the Mighty) – bass, backing vocals
Brad Roberts (Jizmak Da Gusha) – drums, percussion
Hunter Jackson (Scroda Moon) – lead vocals on "Tune from Da Moon" and "Jiggle the Handle"
Danielle Stampe (Slymenstra Hymen) – lead vocals on "My Girly Ways" and "Jiggle the Handle"
Bob Gorman (Portal Potty) – Additional vocals on "Jiggle the Handle" (uncredited)
References
1999 albums
Rock operas
Gwar albums
Metal Blade Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Kill%20Everything |
Hamilton College was the DBA name of the Iowa College Acquisition Corporation, a company that owns and operates independent for-profit colleges. Hamilton College had seven campuses in Iowa and Nebraska. Iowa College Acquisition Corporation is owned and operated by Kaplan Higher Education, a subsidiary of the Washington Post Company. This is not to be confused with Hamilton Technical College that was founded by Maryanne Hamilton and operates in Davenport, Iowa.
Hamilton College was originally established by Ward Hamilton in Mason City, Iowa, in 1900 as a business school. This makes it the oldest continuously operating college in the state of Iowa specializing in business education. In 1980, Hamilton opened a campus in Cedar Rapids. A third campus was established in Des Moines in 1988.
In 1998, Hamilton College was purchased by Quest Education Corporation, which was acquired in 2000 by Kaplan, Inc. and renamed Kaplan Higher Education Corporation. Shortly thereafter the Nebraska College of Business and the Lincoln School of Commerce, also owned by Quest, were renamed Hamilton College-Omaha and Hamilton College-Lincoln respectively. Hamilton College continued to expand, adding campuses in Cedar Falls in 2000 and Council Bluffs in 2004.
In November 2007, Hamilton College officially changed its name to Kaplan University.
Athletics
Hamilton students occasionally participated in recreational (bar-league) softball and volleyball. At the Lincoln campus, formerly the Lincoln Business College, there was a basketball team named the Hamilton Aliens.
Notable alumni
Louis Boisot, Jr. (1856–1933), lawyer
Leo Elthon (1898–1967), Governor of Iowa 1954–1955
External links
Official Site
Student News Site
Student Survey Results
Kaplan Higher Education Corporation
References
For-profit universities and colleges in the United States
Defunct private universities and colleges in Iowa
Defunct private universities and colleges in Nebraska
Educational institutions established in 1900
Mason City, Iowa
1900 establishments in Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20College%20%28Iowa%29 |
Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC) is a hospital in Yuma, Arizona. It began in 1958 under the name Parkview Hospital.
In November 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the hospital did not allow an emergency physician, Cleavon Gilman, to continue work due to his providing information on social media about the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona. Subsequently, in December 2020 the hospital was facing a critical staffing shortage.
History
Yuma Regional Medical Center was founded as Parkview Hospital in 1958.
In 1961, the Baptist Hospital Association of Arizona assumed management of the hospital and renamed it Parkview Baptist Hospital.
In 1972, management of the hospital was transferred to the Yuma community, which renamed it Yuma Regional Medical Center.
In 2004, a new six-story hospital tower was completed, adding a 42-bed ICU, a heart center, and over 140 new regular beds.
In 2013, YRMC became a teaching facility with the addition of a graduate medical education (GME) program in Family and Community Medicine.
In July 2014 the Yuma Regional Cancer Center was opened. The Center provides comprehensive cancer care. In 2018 the center was certified by the Commission on Cancer, a part of the American College of Surgeons.
Services
Specialties
Specialties available include:
Diabetes & Endocrinology
Gastroenterology & GI Surgery
Geriatrics
Nephrology
Neurology & Neurosurgery
Orthopedics
Pulmonology
Urology
Procedures and conditions
Some of the procedures that are performed include:
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Aortic Valve Surgery
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Colon Cancer Surgery
Heart Bypass Surgery
Heart Failure
Hip Replacement
Knee Replacement
Lung Cancer Surgery
Leadership
The following comprise the Executive Leadership Team:
References
External links
YRMC's Website
Buildings and structures in Yuma, Arizona
Hospitals established in 1958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuma%20Regional%20Medical%20Center |
GEV may refer to:
G.E.V. (board game), a tabletop game by Steve Jackson Games
Ashe County Airport, in North Carolina, United States
Gällivare Lapland Airport, in Sweden
Generalized extreme value distribution
Gev Sella, Israeli-South African motorcyclist
Gigaelectronvolt (GeV)
Grid-enabled vehicle
Ground effect vehicle
Groundnut eyespot virus
Viya language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEV |
Kallen Esperian (born June 8, 1961) is an American lyric soprano. She won the Luciano Pavarotti International Voice Competition in 1985 and is best known for her performances in major opera productions.
History
Kallen Esperian was born on June 8, 1961 in Waukegan, Illinois. She was named after her Armenian grandfather, Kalouste, who escape Armenia from Turkish invasion. Her birth father died of a heart attack when she was eleven months old. After her mother remarried, she moved to Barrington, Illinois. She began ballet lessons when she was three years old and soon picked up voice and piano lessons. Esperian attended Barrington High School, where her choral director suggested she pursue voice in college. She would later go on to win her high school's "1990 Distinguished Graduate Award."
Esperian received a full scholarship to study opera at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. During her freshman year, she performed her first opera, The Magic Flute. While still in college, she was cast in a touring production of The Beggar's Opera by Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. Before graduating, she entered the Luciano Pavarotti International Voice Competition and won the competition and a scholarship in 1985. In 1986, she made her debut in Philadelphia as Mimi in La bohème opposite Pavarotti and subsequently appeared in the film Distant Harmony while in China with Pavarotti. Since then she has sung at most of the world's important opera houses, specializing in Italian opera, particularly in Verdi roles.
Esperian has appeared with Pavarotti in his annual concert, Pavarotti Plus, in 1991 at Lincoln Center and in 1995 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. These concerts have been televised and have been released internationally on CD and video. In 1991, she partnered Pavarotti in Verdi's Luisa Miller at the Met and in 1993, she appeared in the Met Gala celebrating the 25th anniversary of Pavarotti and Plácido Domingo at the house. She sang Desdemona to Pavarotti's Otello and Leonora in Il trovatore with Pavarotti and Domingo both singing Manrico.
She also sang Cio-Cio-san in Madama Butterfly in 2004, a role she first performed for the Nederlandse Opera in Amsterdam in 2002 as well as for New Orleans Opera, Opera Carolina in Charlotte, and the Nashville Opera as well as concerts in Johnstown, Memphis, Tennessee, and Mexico City.
In 2004 and 2005 Esperian sang Cio-Cio-san with the Metropolitan Opera of New York in the fall and winter season's performances of Madama Butterfly.
In 2007, Kallen recorded a CD of rock and jazz classics, which includes a cover of "Immigrant Song" by Led Zeppelin. She also recorded vocals for two songs on the album Aristocrunk, with Memphis rappers Lord T & Eloise.
World appearances
Esperian has sung at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden as Desdemona in Otello and Amelia in Simon Boccanegra. She partnered José Carreras in Stiffelio at the Teatro alla Scala, for their first staging of the opera. She played Desdemona opposite Domingo at the Opéra National de Paris; Mimí at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires; Liú in Turandot, Desdemona, and Alice Ford in Falstaff for the Lyric Opera of Chicago; Desdemona and Maria Stuarda at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna; Verdi's Requiem at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, Falstaff for Los Angeles Opera; Aida and Tosca for the Semperoper in Dresden; La Traviata with Opera Memphis, and Norma with both Pittsburgh Opera and Opera Memphis; Manon Lescaut at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, where she has also been heard as Amelia in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera and Elisabetta in Don Carlo, under the baton of Zubin Mehta. She has also sung at the Berlin Staatsoper, the Deutsche Oper, Berlin, and the Arena di Verona.
She has sung the Verdi Requiem with several of the world's great conductors, including Sir Colin Davis, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Robert Shaw, Daniele Gatti, Daniel Oren, Myung-Whun Chung, and David Zinman.
Esperian joined the Opera Orchestra of New York as Desdemona at Carnegie Hall for Carlo Bergonzi's first assumption of the role of Otello at age 75.
Esperian was one of the Three Sopranos produced by Tibor Rudas Theatrical Productions and a soprano counterpart to the Three Tenors.
Esperian is the only one of "The Three Sopranos" to have performed individually with each one of the "Three Tenors" in concerts and in opera houses around the world.
In 2011–2012, Esperian held the position of Artist in Residence at the University of Mississippi. Her activities included master classes, classes for voice students and other music students, appearances on campus and off campus, and work with the University of Mississippi Opera Theatre.
Esperian received an honorary doctorate degree from Rhodes College in Memphis. She has received numerous awards, including the Dorothy B. Chandler Award, the Mafalda Favero Award, the Arts and Humanities Award from the Germantown Arts Alliance, the Amphion Award from the Memphis Symphony, 2010 Emissary of Memphis Music, and the Distinguished Achievement Award from the University of Memphis. In 2017 Esperian was recipient of the Tennessee Governor's Distinguished Artist Award.
Raised in Illinois, Esperian began ballet lessons at the age of three and piano lessons at the age of ten. Although she always loved to sing, and sang in her school's choruses, she did not begin private voice lessons until after turning sixteen. She attended the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, where she earned her bachelor of music degree in vocal performance. Having deep Southern roots, Esperian has lived in Memphis, Tennessee since 1982.
She has given benefit concerts for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, among others.
References
External links
Kallen Esperian's homepage
University of Mississippi Music Faculty
1961 births
Living people
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
People from Barrington, Illinois
American operatic sopranos
Singers from Illinois
20th-century American women opera singers
21st-century American women opera singers
Classical musicians from Illinois
People from Waukegan, Illinois
American people of Armenian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallen%20Esperian |
The Sports Reporters was a sports talk show that aired on ESPN at 9:30 a.m. ET every Sunday morning (and replayed at 10:30 a.m. ET the same day on ESPN2 and 11:30 AM on ESPNews). It featured a roundtable discussion among four sports media personalities, with one regular host and three rotating guests. The show began in 1988, patterned to some extent after the Chicago-based syndicated show called Sportswriters on TV.
The show was originally broadcast from a studio in Manhattan, and from 1999 to 2010 it was recorded at the ESPN Zone at Times Square in Manhattan before it closed. It then moved to Bristol, Connecticut at the main ESPN studios, where it stayed until the end of its run. On January 23, 2017, ESPN announced its planned cancellation, following the death of host John Saunders. The final episode aired May 7, 2017. The show would return in the form of a podcast in September 2017, produced now through Compass Media Networks.
Hosts and panelists
The Sports Reporters first aired in 1988 and was originally hosted by Gary Thorne, who was replaced by Dick Schaap later that year. Following Schaap's death in 2001, he was replaced by John Saunders, who hosted it until his own death in 2016.
The first year featured four rotating panelists, but afterwards there were three rotating panel members. Regular panelists included Mike Lupica of the New York Daily News, John Feinstein of The Washington Post, Mitch Albom of the Detroit Free Press, Michael Wilbon also from the Washington Post, Bob Ryan of the Boston Globe, William C. Rhoden of The New York Times, Ralph Wiley of Sports Illustrated and Stephen A. Smith of ESPN.
Former panelists included Jason Whitlock of Fox Sports 1, Christine Brennan of USA Today, Tony Kornheiser of The Washington Post, Mike Downey of the Los Angeles Times, Roy S. Johnson of The New York Times and Sports Illustrated, Bill Conlin of the Philadelphia Daily News and Bryan Burwell of the St. Louis Post Dispatch. As the show was based in New York City and then Bristol, Connecticut, the panelists were usually from the northeastern portion of the United States. For a long time, there were no women serving as regular panelists on the show, but in celebration of Title IX, one show in 2005 included three female sports journalists. In the show's later years, Selena Roberts of The New York Times and ESPN's Jemele Hill had made regular appearances on the show. The August 28, 2016, episode of the show made history with an all female edition of The Sports Reporters, with Hill as the moderator and fellow ESPN reporters Sarah Spain, Kate Fagan, and Jane McManus on the panel.
When Saunders was on assignment or unable to host due to illness, Lupica was usually the designated substitute host and became the permanent host. Dick's son Jeremy Schaap also guest-hosted on occasion.
September 16, 2001
The show was expanded to an hour to cover the sports perspective from the September 11 attacks. It also proved to be Dick Schaap's last show as he underwent hip replacement surgery and later died from complications. In fact, he delayed the surgery in order to be on that show.
November 15, 2015
The show covered the sports perspective from the November 2015 Paris attacks and how the attacks had an impact in the security system in sports facilities.
Death of Saunders
Host John Saunders died unexpectedly on August 10, 2016, at the age of 61. The August 14 episode, hosted by Mike Lupica, featured tributes to Saunders by the panelists.
Conclusion
After nearly 30 years on ESPN, the final episode of The Sports Reporters aired on May 7, 2017, with Lupica hosting, and Ryan, Rhoden, and Albom as the panelists.
Podcast
On September 8, 2017, The Sports Reporters relaunched as a twice weekly podcast co-hosted by Albom and Lupica with a rotating cast of the top sports writers in the business, including former panelists from the original ESPN program. It is produced through Compass Media Networks, rather than ESPN. The podcast ceased producing episodes following the March 31, 2022 podcast.
References
External links
Current podcast website
1980s American television talk shows
1990s American television talk shows
2000s American television talk shows
2010s American television talk shows
American sports television series
ESPN original programming
1988 American television series debuts
2017 American television series endings
Television shows filmed in New York City
Television shows filmed in Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sports%20Reporters |
Selena: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film Selena, starring Jennifer Lopez and featuring unreleased songs by Selena, including "Where Did the Feeling Go?", "Only Love", "Is It the Beat?" and "Disco Medley". Although this is the official soundtrack of the film, it does not feature most of the songs heard throughout the film from artists like Caifanes, Depeche Mode, Guns N' Roses, John Waite and Yuri.
Track listing
Singles
"Where Did the Feeling Go?"
"Is It the Beat?"
"Disco Medley, Part 2" ("Last Dance"/"The Hustle"/"On the Radio")
"Viviras Selena"/"One More Time"
Charts
Weekly charts
Certifications and sales
References
1997 soundtrack albums
Selena compilation albums
Selena soundtracks
Albums produced by A.B. Quintanilla
EMI Records soundtracks
Musical film soundtracks
Drama film soundtracks
Biographical film soundtracks
Albums recorded at Q-Productions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena%20%28soundtrack%29 |
Euthamia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are known as goldentops and grass-leaved goldenrods.
The species were formerly classed in genus Solidago. They were separated on the basis of morphological differences, such as the arrangement of the flower heads in the inflorescence and the glands on the leaves, and of DNA data. Authors have recognized 5 to 10 species. They are native to North America, but certain species are introduced in Europe and Asia.
These species are quite variable in appearance, the variation often influenced by environmental conditions. In general, they are rhizomatous perennial herbs or subshrubs growing erect stems tall. The stems are hairy to hairless and branching or unbranched. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem. They are linear to lance-shaped, smooth-edged, hairy to hairless, and gland-dotted, if sometimes sparsely. The flower heads are solitary or borne in a dense or spreading array. The back of the head is layered in phyllaries which may be resinous. There are 7 to 22 yellow ray florets, sometimes more, and several yellow disc florets. The fruit is a rough-textured cypsela tipped with a pappus of white bristles.
Euthamia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora intermediella, which feeds exclusively on E. graminifolia.
Species
Euthamia caroliniana (syn. E. tenuifolia) – coastal plain goldentop, slender goldentop – Coastal Plain from Texas to Nova Scotia; also Great lakes region
Euthamia graminifolia – common goldentop, flat-top goldentop – northern + eastern US, mostly Great Lakes and Northeast; much of Canada
Euthamia gymnospermoides – Great Plains goldentop, Texas goldentop – Great Plains + Great Lakes from Texas to Ontario
Euthamia leptocephala – Mississippi Valley goldentop, bushy goldentop – south-central US, Texas to Georgia to Illinois
Euthamia minor – southeastern US
Euthamia occidentalis – western goldentop, western goldenrod – western Canada, western half of US, northwestern Mexico
References
Asteraceae genera
Flora of Northern America
Taxa named by Henri Cassini | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthamia |
I'm OK may refer to:
I'm OK (album), a 1999 album by David Tao
"I'm OK" (Little Big song), 2019
I'm OK, You're OK (album), a 2007 album Jason Falkner
I'm OK – You're OK, a 1967 self-help book by psychiatrist Thomas Anthony Harris
I'm O.K – A Murder Simulator, a 2006 video game
"I'm OK", a song by Christina Aguilera from the 2002 album Stripped | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20OK |
Évrard Titon du Tillet (January 1677 – 26 December 1762) is best known for his important biographical chronicle, Le Parnasse françois, composed of brief anecdotal vite of famous French poets and musicians of his time, under the reign of Louis XIV and the Régence.
Biography
Of Scottish origin, Évrard Titon du Tillet was the son of Maximilien Titon de Villegenon, seigneur d'Ognon, a secretary of the King and general manager of the armories under Louis XIV. He studied law before his father obliged him to embrace a military career. He was already a "captain of dragoons" at the age of twenty, when unfortunately for him, the long-awaited peace prevented him from advancing his career. He then purchased the sinecure of maître d'hôtel to the thirteen-year-old duchess of Burgundy, the future mother of Louis XV. Alas, in 1712, the Dauphine died of measles, and Titon du Tillet was unemployed for the second time. He was, however, soon named a provincial commissioner of war.
Titon du Tillet had the privilege of receiving the celebrities of his time, and from 1708 he was at work on an imposing project: to create a garden surrounding a monument, "the French Parnassus" (Le Parnasse françois), celebrating the glory of French poets and musicians under the reign of Louis XIV. He worked with the sculptor Louis Garnier, a pupil of François Girardon, to produce a model of the monument. A maquette in bronze for the project was completed in 1718. He also ordered a drawing by the painter Nicolas de Poilly, which was presented to Louis XV in 1723. The monument was to represent Mount Parnassus, ornamented with laurels and myrtle, with Louis XIV in the figure of Apollo at the summit, playing the lyre. On a slightly lower level the three Graces were represented with the features of Mmes des Houlières, de La Suze and de Scudéry. Lower down, surrounding the mountain, Pierre Corneille occupied the principal place, surrounded by Molière, Racine, Racan and Lully carrying medallions of Quinault, Segrais, La Fontaine, Boileau and , the nine male Muses of the grand siècle. Unluckily, Titon du Tillet could not stop there: scattered among the bronze trees were to be seen further medallions of distinctly secondary figures, now slightly passé as musical taste had shifted towards the galante, choices that elicited from Voltaire the epigram
Dépêchez-vous, monsieur Titon,
Enrichissez votre Hélicon ;
Placez-y sur un piédestal
Saint-Didier, Danchet et Nadal ;
Qu'on voie armés d'un même archet
Saint-Didier, Nadal et Danchet,
Et couverts du même laurier
Danchet, Nadal et Saint-Didier.
The expected expenditure, estimated at nearly two million livres, forced him to terminate a project that had something to it of the character of a folly.
Titon du Tillet then decided to carry the project out to some extent in a virtual form: he published in 1727, "a Description of the Parnasse François" followed by "an alphabetical List of the Poets and Musicians gathered on this monument". In 1732, he published a second edition and increased the notes on the lives of the poets and musicians. Two further supplements were published in 1743 and 1755. This collection constitutes an invaluable source of biographical information for the mysterious Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, Marin Marais, Louis Couperin, Michel Richard Delalande, Nicolas Bernier and other celebrated poets and musicians.
[[Image:Montgolfiere 1783.jpg|thumb|300px|Ascent of the Montgolfière from the garden of the Folie Titon, Montreuil: contemporary engraving]]
A confirmed bachelor, Titon du Tillet was a cordial man always surrounded by many friends (some say that he was obstinate); his interesting conversation provided numerous anecdotes. In spring 1749, he withdrew to Montreuil, then on the outskirts of Paris, to a beautiful little hôtel, the Folie Titon, which, after his purchase in 1751 of the adjoining plot from the vicomte d’Argentière, captain of the guards, he was able to surround by a large park, with Paris laid out below his garden doors. The diarist Edmond Jean François Barbier, himself a lawyer attached to the Parlement de Paris, noted disapprovingly that Titon du Tillet lived in public debauchery with girls at the dinner table in a manner not "appropriate to a magistrate".
A passionate lover of arts and letters, Titon du Tillet supported ballets and plays. He constructed a theatre in his house where a number of performances were put on, introducing in 1760 Demoiselle Leclair, who went on to a dance career at the Comédie-Italienne, and in 1762 Marmontel's play Annette et Lubin, which attracted a considerable crowd.
Titon du Tillet died of a cold the day after Christmas, 1762, in Paris, aged 85.
Notes
Work
Évrard Titon du Tillet. Le Parnasse françois, 1732, etc.
References
Judith Colton, Le Parnasse François: Titon du Tillet and the Origins of the Monument to Genius'', Yale University Press, 1979
Théâtres de société: Folie Titon
Amédée de Caix de Saint-Amour, "Origine du proverbe Ranger en rang d’oignons."
Évrard Titon du Tillet, ""Le Parnasse Francois", 2nd edition, 1732.
1677 births
1762 deaths
People of the Ancien Régime
18th-century French historians
French male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vrard%20Titon%20du%20Tillet |
Hadda is a small village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is also famous by this name Hadda Ghughan Da(ہڈا گھگھاں دا). It is more than 300 years old and the native inhabitants speak the Jhang dialect of the Punjabi language. The area used to be savannah before allotment of lands in 1875 and construction of irrigation canals in 1905. The earliest bungalow built by the British in 1900 is also named after the village, although it is about to the south along the south branch of the canal.
There are two mosques and Imam Bargah and people live a simple life. There is primary school for both boys and girls. The literacy rate remained static for many years after partition but has increased in recent years. The population is about 4,000. These people are actually the original inhabitants of Kirana Bar before the irrigation canals were constructed, and new villages called chaks were created in the whole area by the British Government. Major casts are Ghugh, Momba Pathan and few residents of Khokhar, Nissioana, Gondal..
Location
Hadda is about from the Pakistani city of Sargodha.
The nearest villages are Chak 86 SB to the east, Chak 84SB to the west, Chak 81SB to the north and Chak 89SB to the south. The villagers are hardworking and most earn their livelihood through farming. There are several different ethnic groups in the village including Mochi Pathan, Nisowana, Gondal and Khokhar
Notable residents
Mahar Kabir Ali Ghugh from the village, son of Maher Shair Muhammad Ghugh who has seven sons. Maher Kabir Ali Ghugh graduated in 1936 from the University of the Punjab Lahore and later served in the British Government for some time before joining the Pakistan Muslim League. He made a great contribution to the resettlement of Muslim refugees coming from India after 1947. Two young men from the village served in the British Army during World War II. One of the brother Of Maher Kabir Ali Ghugh, Maher Ajmair Khan Ghugh also served in education dep. He was the Head of Govt High School Bhagtanwala(choki).
Populated places in Sargodha District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadda%2C%20Pakistan |
"Irgendwo auf der Welt" ("Somewhere in the World") ("In a year - In a day" is the title of the English version) is a song composed by Werner Richard Heymann for the 1932 movie A Blonde Dream (Ein blonder Traum). The lyrics are by Robert Gilbert.
Originally performed in the movie by Anglo-German actress Lilian Harvey, it gained popularity as one of the most renowned songs by the German 1920s and 1930s sextet, the Comedian Harmonists.
It voices a sentimental longing for a yet undiscovered place where peace of mind and true happiness can be found.
The song has also been part of the repertoire of the new Berlin Comedian Harmonists ensemble since it was formed in 1997.
In 2006, German singer Nina Hagen used this name as the title for her album of covers of swing / jazz classics.
References
German songs
1932 songs
Comedian Harmonists songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irgendwo%20auf%20der%20Welt |
This is a list of unincorporated communities in the U.S. state of Washington which are not incorporated municipalities. Incorporated municipalities in the state are listed separately in a list of cities and list of towns. Due to unreliability of the source data in the Geographic Names Information System, items in this list may be historical places that no longer exist, places that are part of an incorporated city or town or a CDP, or never a community in the first place.
Census-designated places
There are 345 unincorporated communities that are treated as "places" for the purpose of U.S. Census Bureau data collection. These are termed census-designated places (CDPs) and are listed on a separate page.
Unincorporated communities (including those that are CDPs)
References
Washington
Unincorporated Communities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20unincorporated%20communities%20in%20Washington |
The Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne is a Renaissance palace in Rome, Italy.
History
The palace was designed by Baldassarre Peruzzi in 1532–1536 on a site of three contiguous palaces owned by the old Roman Massimo family and built after arson destroyed the earlier structures during the Sack of Rome (1527). In addition the curved facade was dictated by foundations built upon the stands for the stadium (odeon) of the emperor Domitian. It fronts the now-busy Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, a few hundred yards from the front of the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle.
Entrance
The entrance is characterized by a central portico with six Doric columns, paired and single. Inside there are two courtyards, of which the first one has a portico with Doric columns as a basement for a rich loggia, which is also made of Doric columns. The column decorations gave the name to the palace, alle Colonne. The facade is renowned as one of the most masterful of its time, combining both elegance with stern rustication. The recessed entrance portico differs from typical palazzo models such as exemplified by the Florentine Palazzo Medici. In addition, there is a variation of size of windows for different levels, and the decorative frames of the windows of the third floor. Unlike the Palazzo Medici, there is no academic adherence to superimposition of orders, depending on the floor. On the opposite facade of this palace, opening onto the Piazzetta de' Massimi, the palace connects with the frescoed facade of the conjoined annex, the Palazzetto Massimo (or Palazzetto Istoriato). For many centuries, this used to be the central post office of Rome, a Massimo family perquisite. To the left of the palace is the Palazzo di Pirro, built by a pupil of Antonio da Sangallo.
Interior
The interior ceilings and vestibules are elaborately ornamented with rosettes and coffered roofs. The entrance ceiling is decorated with a fresco by Daniele da Volterra, who represented scenes from the Life of Fabio Massimo, the supposed Roman founder of the Massimo family.
Chapel
The chapel on the second floor was a room where the 14-year-old Paolo Massimo, son of Fabrizio Massimo, was recalled briefly to life by Saint Philip Neri on March 16, 1583. The interior of the palace is open to the public annually only on that day. Other notable events in the palace of the 16th century including various intrafamilial murders.
External links
photo — The palace is on the gentle curve of Corso Vittorio Emanuele, to the left and across the street of Santa Andrea della Valle.
Romeartlover Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
Houses completed in 1536
Massimo alle colonne
Renaissance architecture in Rome
Massimo alle colonne
1536 establishments in the Papal States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo%20Massimo%20alle%20Colonne |
The News Line is a daily newspaper published by a British Trotskyist group, the Workers' Revolutionary Party.
History
The paper was launched in 1969 as Workers Press and renamed News Line in 1976.
For a time during the 1980s, the WRP split into two rival factions, and for a short time there were two versions of The News Line being produced every day, one by each faction.
Chris Hughton wrote a football column for the newspaper in the 1970s.
Editors
1969: Michael Banda
1974: Alex Mitchell
1980s: Paul Jennings
See also
Workers Revolutionary Party (Workers Press)
List of left-wing publications in the United Kingdom
References
External links
The News Line
Article about News Line
Communist newspapers
Socialist newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)
Newspapers established in 1969
National newspapers published in the United Kingdom
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
Daily newspapers published in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20News%20Line |
Objective, Burma! is a 1945 American war film that is loosely based on the six-month raid by Merrill's Marauders in the Burma Campaign during the Second World War. Directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Errol Flynn, the film was made by Warner Bros. immediately after the raid.
Plot
A group of United States Army paratroopers led by Captain Nelson are dropped into Burma to locate and destroy a camouflaged Japanese Army radar station that is detecting Allied aircraft flying into China. For their mission, they are assigned Gurkha guides, a Chinese Army Captain and an older war correspondent whose character is used to explain various procedures to the audience.
The mission is an overwhelming success as the 36-man team quickly take out the station and its personnel. But when the airborne troops arrive at an old airstrip to be taken back to their base, they find the Japanese waiting for them at their rendezvous site. Captain Nelson makes the hard decision to call off the rescue planes, and hike out on foot.
To reduce the likelihood of detection, the group splits into two smaller units and plans to meet up at a deserted Burmese village. But when Nelson arrives at the meeting place, there's no sign of the other group. Eventually, they find a wounded comrade, Hollis, who tells them that the Japanese ambushed the other unit. The remaining soldiers head out on foot and come across an enemy encampment where the captured troops have been held prisoner but discover, to their horror, that they have all been tortured and mutilated. Only Lt. Jacobs remains alive long enough to relate what happened and begs Nelson to kill him before he dies of his injuries. The surviving group is attacked by returning Japanese soldiers and forced to retreat into the jungle. The men must then cross the swamps in their attempt to make it back to safety through the enemy-occupied jungle.
Fighting an almost constant rearguard action, Nelson's paratroopers also succeed as decoys leading Japanese troops away from the site of the British 1944 aerial invasion of Burma. They manage to reach the invasion force and are flown back to their base.
Cast
Production
Development
Jerry Wald claimed he had the idea for doing a film set in Burma in Christmas 1943, feeling this particular theatre of the war would soon be active, and hoping the movie could be made and released before then.
Lester Cole says the original story was written by Alvah Bessie who wrote a "dozen or so" pages before being pulled off the project by Wald and assigned to something else. The job of writing the story and screenplay was given to Cole and a new writer for film, Ranald MacDougall. MacDougall had been a creator and co-writer of the CBS radio series The Man Behind the Gun that was awarded a 1942 Peabody Award. He had been contracted to Warner Brothers, with this his second film after uncredited work on Pride of the Marines. "Ranald was a pleasure to work with," wrote Cole later, "bright, eager to learn, a facile writer of dialogue: we got along famously."
In his memoirs, Cole claims Wald was inspired by a book about an attempted British invasion of Burma called Merrill's Marauders, and he decided to change the troops from being British to American. However, Merrill's Marauders was an American unit.
The film was announced in January 1944, with Wald and Walsh attached. Errol Flynn was already being discussed as the star. Franchot Tone was mentioned as a possible co-star.
Shooting
Filming began in April 1944. By this stage, the Allied campaign had already started in Burma, meaning Wald was unable to do a Casablanca style cashing in on the film's release.
Cole says Walsh had "contempt for writers" but that Wald made him stick to the script.
The film was made with authentic World War II American military material, aircraft and gliders, due to their availability. Wald acknowledged that the plot bore a significant similarity to the 1940 film Northwest Passage.
Walsh said Flynn "was on his good behaviour because he was writing a book when I was not using him. Between being gung ho and typing his life story he had no time for anything more than a half a dozen drinks, which for him was almost total abstention."
Location
Exteriors were shot at the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, California. Filming began on May 1, 1944, and was scheduled for 60 days, but shooting required more than 40 extra days due to bad weather and constant script changes.
The movie also contains a large amount of actual combat footage filmed by U.S. Army Signal Corps cameramen in the China-Burma-India theatre as well as New Guinea.
Reception
Critical
The New York Times wrote: "This is without question one of the best war films yet made in Hollywood. There are no phony heroics by Errol Flynn or any of the other members of a uniformly excellent cast. These boys conduct themselves like real soldiers and even the newspaper correspondent is a credit to the craft. The Warners have erred only in the film's excessive length. It runs approximately two hours and twenty minutes, or roughly thirty minutes more than appears to be absolutely necessary."
Variety noted: "The film has considerable movement, particularly in the early reels and the tactics of the paratroopers are authentic in their painstaking detail. However, while the scripters have in the main achieved their purpose of heightening the action, there are scenes in the final reels that could have been edited more closely."
Harrison's Reports wrote: "Very good! It ranks with the best of the war melodramas yet produced ... While the action holds one's interest all the way through, a cut of ten to fifteen minutes in the running time would not affect its dramatic punch." Film Daily wrote: "The picture impresses with its air of authenticity and the vivid realism that has gone into the telling of its story, and it possesses almost unremitting action crowded with the starkest of drama ... The primary fault of the film is that it is dragged out beyond all reason. There is much repetitious material that could be cut out to the improvement of the film."
Filmink called the film: "serious, hard and lacks any sort of female interest – the enemy are ruthless and clever and the soldiers still wisecrack, but they are professional, no-nonsense killers who follow orders and get along with each other (unless really stressed) i.e. there is no contrived in-fighting."
The Washington Star thought the film overlong - “It is one thing for an actual mission to be that long, quite another for a movie based upon it, a truth that has not yet occurred to Hollywood” - and too familiar, despite the novel location: “The characters...are pretty much the same ones who have fought through other cinema military missions....The dramatic incident devised to break the monotony of the jungle trek in Objective Burma has become the familiar material of a dozen such films....for the most part things happen just as they always have under the circumstances. Even the comedy exchanges, in most of which the cynical Gotham cabbie participates, have the ring of something you have heard before in exactly the same words.”
The Times (London), aware of the Allies’ very cosmopolitan forces in Burma, was displeased: “This long film has met with objections from American service men, and it is indeed a little extraordinary for it to imply that the Burma campaign was fought almost entirely without the aid of the British. There is one reference to the Fourteenth Army; during the course of the action it is rashly presumed by one of the party of American parachutists that a British outpost may be somewhere about, but this suggestion is promptly snubbed, and for the rest Mr. Flynn and the indomitable band he leads have it all their own way....the Japanese are shown as contemptibly inefficient fighters in their own kind of territory, and not all the parade of stubble chins and sweat-grimed faces can disguise the film’s lack of honesty in its account of a particular operation as well as of the general campaign.”
Box Office
According to Warner Bros records, Objective, Burma! earned $2,117,000 domestically and $1,844,000 foreign. It was the studio's sixth most popular film of the year, after Hollywood Canteen, To Have and Have Not, Arsenic and Old Lace, God Is My Co-Pilot and Christmas in Connecticut. The film was also one of the most popular movies of 1945 in France, with over 2.6 million admissions.
Controversies
Even though it was based on the exploits of Merrill's Marauders, Objective Burma was withdrawn from release in the United Kingdom after it infuriated the British public. Prime Minister Winston Churchill protested the Americanization of the huge and almost entirely British, Indian and Commonwealth conflict ('1 million men').
The Objective, Burma! London 1945 premiere was remarkable: At a line in the script, (by an American, to the effect) "We should head north, I hear there might be a few Brits somewhere over there" - The entire (English) audience walked out in outrage. It got a second release in the United Kingdom in 1952, when it was shown with an accompanying apology. The movie was also banned in Singapore although it was seen in Burma and India.
An editorial in The Times said: It is essential both for the enemy and the Allies to understand how it came about that the war was won ... nations should know and appreciate the efforts other countries than their own made to the common cause.
There were also objections to Errol Flynn playing the hero, as he had stayed in Hollywood during the war, unlike actors like David Niven or James Stewart. Flynn, however, had actually tried to enlist but had been declared medically unfit for military service. His studio suppressed the news of his medical problems to preserve his public image.
Nominations
The film was nominated for three Academy Awards in 1945:
Film Editing – George Amy
Original Music Score – Franz Waxman
Best Story – Alvah Bessie
Cole felt that Bessie did not deserve his credit on the film for story, saying he only contributed some pages, and felt he and MacDougall should have had it. However, he decided not to challenge the credit because Bessie was a friend. Cole was disappointed, however, when Bessie went on to earn an Oscar nomination.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Downloadable trailer in different formats
1940s war films
1945 films
American black-and-white films
American war films
Burma Campaign films
1940s English-language films
Films scored by Franz Waxman
Films directed by Raoul Walsh
Films produced by Jerry Wald
Films set in Myanmar
Films shot in California
Films with screenplays by Ranald MacDougall
Warner Bros. films
World War II aviation films
World War II films made in wartime | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective%2C%20Burma%21 |
There are currently nine United States congressional districts in Tennessee based on results from the 2020 United States census. There have been as few as eight and as many as thirteen congressional districts in Tennessee. The and the were lost after the 1840 census. The was lost after the 1850 census and the was last lost after the 1950 census. The was briefly lost after the 1970 census but was regained after the 1980 census.
Current districts and representatives
List of members of the United States House delegation from Tennessee, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 9 members, with 8 Republicans, and 1 Democrat.
Historical and present district boundaries
Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Tennessee, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Tennessee between 1973 and 2013 are shown.
Obsolete districts
, obsolete since statehood
(1796–1805; 1873–1875)
, obsolete since the 1950 census
, obsolete since the 1850 census
, obsolete since the 1840 census
, obsolete since the 1840 census
See also
List of United States congressional districts
Baker v. Carr
References
Congressional districts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee%27s%20congressional%20districts |
Vathypetro () is an archaeological site, four kilometres south of the town of Archanes on Crete (Greece). It contains some of the oldest wine presses in the world. Excavations began in 1949 by the Greek archaeologist Spyridon Marinatos. The estate contains a manor house or villa which had a prominent role in the rural region around Archanes. The complex consists of several buildings, courtyards and workshop spaces. Next to the individual houses is the Minoan wine press (wine press), a plant for the production of olive, a Minoan kiln and ceramics, and the remains of an ancient pottery workshop.
References
External links
http://www.minoancrete.com/vathypetro.htm
Heraklion (regional unit)
Minoan sites in Crete
Populated places in ancient Greece
Former populated places in Greece
Greek wine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vathypetro |
Tukkhum (; from ) is a term and system introduced in the 1960s, most notably by Soviet Chechen writer Magomet Mamakaev in 1962. This system does not properly apply to the Chechen nation and the social structure of Chechen clans.
Mamakaev proposed that the Chechen tukkhum was a type of military-economic union between certain groups of teips, not through consanguinity but established for specific purposes, such as military alliances and economic trade; that the tukkhum occupied a specific territory, which was inhabited by the members of the tukkhum. He also stated that each tukkhum spoke a different dialect of the same Vainakh language. Despite this, it is still a relatively important social grouping, as seen through various Chechen authors and scholars using it in their descriptions of the Vainakh social structure, as well as its feature on the coat of arms of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
Etymology
The term is of foreign origin and some suggest that it comes from the old Persian word "tauhma" which meant kin or tribe.
Tukkhum is a term often used by North Caucasians for a tribe or family, and is found among the Dagestani peoples such as Avars, Tabasarans, Kumyks , and Lezghins. The term is used to describe different clan structures for different ethnicities and does not mean the same thing from one ethnicity to the other.
To the Chechens, it was introduced by Mamakaev in 1934 and it has been used in Chechen historical studies ever since. It is noted by the Caucasiologist Kharadze in 1968, that Mamakaev is the basis for the Chechen use of tukkhum to make the social structure of the Chechens more complex and interesting, despite the meaning of tukkhum not being clear in the Chechen language. The famous 19th century historian Bashir Dalgat who studied extensively the Chechen and Ingush peoples, noted that the term "tukkhum" was completely foreign to most Chechens as it was only used by some societies in the lowlands. According to him, most Chechens only referred to their teip (especially in the highlands) and never knew of or used the term "tukkhum".
Several Chechen historians and Linguists such as A. Tesaev and N. N. Albakov have criticized the term "tukkhum" and its implementation by Mamakaev. Albakov especially considers the term destructive to the Chechen nation:
Proposed tukkhum system
According to Mamakaev there were 9 tukkhums:
However, this has been heavily criticized as some of the tukkhums mentioned were, in fact, nothing more than large teips, with several "gar" (sub-clans). Teips such as Mälkhi and Terloy for example are traditionally two teips, consisting of several "gar". These teips have all the characteristics of a Chechen teip. Mamakaev incorrectly wrote down these large teips as "tukkhum" and their gars as teips under this tukkhum, even though they were never teips, but merely branches of that specific teip.
Dagestani Tukhums
The Tukhum is a prominent social grouping among the Dagestani Highlanders. The etymology is considered to be the same as described above. The Tukhum is found in Avar, Dargin, Lezgin and Lak societies, among others. There are, however, differences from group to group in the reach of the term among the different groups. In Avar and Dargin society, the Tukhum contains 200-300 members, though Dargin society has the added layer of the Jin, a smaller extended family. Within a Tukhum, endogamy is practiced, vendettas are observed and there is a strong feeling of kinship. These inter-tukhum relations were managed by Adat, customary laws among the various peoples.
As opposed to the Chechen Tukkhum, which is supposed as being superior to the Teip, the Dagestani Tukkhum is almost always a subdivision of the village community, known as the Aul, which is made up of one or village. There are constituent organs to the Aul, namely the Jamaat, or Village Council, and the Council of Elders. These too differ in size from group to group. The Avar village community usually consists of one or two Auls, with more being unusual but not unheard of. The Dargin village community, meanwhile, is almost always one to two Auls with between 200 and 1,000 members.
The Tukhum and the Aul have been the basis for Sufi Tariqa to entrench themselves in Dagestani society - rather than seeking to replace these older systems, the Tariqa exist alongside them and acts as a unifying feature. This entrenchment of the tariqa into the system of Tukhums and Auls created a regional variant of Sufism called Tariqatism. In contrast, Salafism and Wahhabism, which have entered the spiritual life of Dagestanis since the fall of the Soviet Union, have gained popularity in that they allow one freedom from this very system and a different sense of belonging.
Lezgin Tukhums
While there is a version of the Tukhum in Lezgin society, it requires elaboration. The Lezgin version of the Tukhum has all but vanished. While the Aul was, like the Avar and Dargin Auls, the basis of Lezgin society in pre-revolutionary times, the Aul and the Jamaat have lost their role. The reasons for this range from their homeland being more open to external influence, culturally from neighbouring Azeris and politically from the USSR, as well as the loss of the Lezgin Tariqa to the USSR's state Atheism and the more recent penetration of Salafists into Lezgin society.
See also
Teip
Clan
Ethnic autonomous regions
Kinship and descent
Tribe
Dagestan
Chechnya
Nakh peoples
Notes
References
Bibliography
Chechen culture
Nakh culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukkhum |
The Social Democratic Party (, PSD) was a political party in Brazil between 1945 and 1965. It was founded by Getúlio Vargas when he transformed his Estado Novo into a multi-party system. The PSD was a centrist party which represented the more conservative wing of the Getulist movement. The other pro-Vargas party was the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB).
The PSD was the most important Brazilian political party during the 1945–1964 democratic period, electing Presidents Eurico Gaspar Dutra in 1945 and Juscelino Kubitschek in 1955. After the coup d'état in 1964, when military dictatorship kicked in, it was banned together with all other parties.
The party relied on powerful networks of rural elites in the less-developed parts of the country. It was dominated by executives appointed by the Getúlio Vargas regime and was therefore strongly interwoven with the state apparatus. It was ideologically moderate, considered centrist by some scholars and conservative by others.
The PSD's representation in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies steadily shrunk from 52.8% of the seats in 1945 to 28.9% in 1962. By 1963, the Labour Party, PSD's minor opposition party, had more seats than the PSD. A considerable faction within the PSD turned against President João Goulart, a PTB member who had been Vice President until he stood in for retired President Jânio Quadros in 1961, whom they deemed to be too leftist. They therefore supported the military coup d'état on 1 April 1964, making an important contribution to the success of the overthrow.
During the military rule installed by the 1964 coup, the bulk of the party, including most of its leaders, joined the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the only legal opposition party. A few elements of the PSD's right wing joined the pro-government National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA).
A second Social Democratic Party was founded in 1987, after the end of the dictatorship. It was based in the rural center-west and led by Ronaldo Caiado, leader of the right-wing landowners' association União Democrática Ruralista. In elections it remained completely unimportant.
References
Literature
External links
Article about the Social Democratic Party on the official website of Fundação Getúlio Vargas
Conservative parties in Brazil
Defunct political parties in Brazil
Political parties established in 1945
1945 establishments in Brazil
Political parties disestablished in 1965
1965 disestablishments in Brazil
Vargas Era
Getúlio Vargas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Democratic%20Party%20%28Brazil%2C%201945%E2%80%931965%29 |
The Syd Barker Medal is awarded to the North Melbourne Football Club player who has been judged the best and fairest of the footy season. The award has been given out continuously since 1937. Before then it was known as the Syd Barker Memorial Trophy.
The award is named after Syd Barker who was a popular captain of the North Melbourne Football Club in 1915–1919, 1921 & 1927. He was a brilliant ruckmen of his time, starring in North Melbourne's 1910, 1914, 1915 and 1918 premiership sides, and captaining the famous "Invincibles" side that went undefeated in a record 58 games.
The voting system as of the 2017 AFL season, consists of each player earning up to 20 votes in a match, with votes from their best 20 games and finals counting towards their final total.
Recipients
Multiple winners
References
General
Specific
Australian Football League awards
North Melbourne Football Club
Australian rules football-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syd%20Barker%20Medal |
Rockhurst was built on Bellevue Avenue at Rough Point Newport, Rhode Island in 1891 for Mrs. H. Mortimer Brooks by Peabody and Stearns. The Châteauesque style exterior featured rounded towers with candlesnuffer roofs flanking a central block with an open arcaded gallery along the second story. It was made of farm stone and wood shingles.
History
Mrs. Brooks main residence was in New York City and she had an additional summer house on Long Island. The floor plan of Rockhurst included terracing and numerous porches. The style of Rockhurst was influenced by the chateaux of the Loire Valley. In 1920, the estate was sold to the John Aspegrens who renamed the property Aspen Hall. In 1930, the estate was purchased by Mrs. Walter B. James of New York and, in 1944, by Frederick H. Prince, who had purchased the nearby Marble House in 1932. Mr. Prince sold Rockhurst in 1945 to Charles G. West who demolished the main house in September 1955 for a residential subdivision. The gate house, carriage house and gardener’s cottage still remain.
References
External links
Newport Mansion
Houses completed in 1891
Peabody and Stearns buildings
Houses in Newport, Rhode Island
Gilded Age mansions
Châteauesque architecture in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockhurst%20%28Rhode%20Island%29 |
Brigham A. McCown (born July 3, 1966, in Ironton, Ohio) is a former member of the U.S. Senior Executive Service at the United States Department of Transportation. He served as chief executive of (2020-2022) the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company which designed, built, operates, and maintains the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Following retirement from federal service, he worked as an attorney, consultant, and was a Clinical Professor at Miami University.
Early life and education
McCown grew up in rural southern Ohio, graduating from Ironton High School in 1984. Thereafter, he attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he graduated in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in diplomacy and foreign affairs and obtained a Juris Doctor degree from Northern Kentucky University Salmon P. Chase College of Law in 1997. In 2015, he earned a graduate certificate from Stanford University in Energy Innovation and Emerging Technologies, and in 2019, an MBA from the College of William and Mary.
Career
McCown served as an advisor to the 2016 presidential transition as a core member of the president-elect Donald Trump's infrastructure policy and agency action teams. He then served as a senior advisor to Secretary of Transportation Elaine Chao (R-KY) during her initial days in office but declined a permanent appointment.
Until 2007, McCown served in several leadership roles during both terms of George W. Bush's presidency in Washington D.C. Appointed initially to the U.S. Senior Executive Service by Democratic Transportation Secretary Norman Y. Mineta, (D-CA) he was later reappointed by Republican Transportation Secretary Mary Peters, (R-AZ). McCown initially worked as the first chief counsel (general counsel) of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), where he was responsible for legal oversight of the nation's trucking, motor coach, moving industry and NAFTA. During this time, he advocated for stronger truck and bus safety regulations, including better oversight of the commercial bus industry and the requirement for all buses to be equipped with seat belts.
Mineta then appointed McCown to become the first acting administrator and first deputy administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). During his tenure he was responsible for oversight of over one million daily shipments of hazardous materials by land, sea, and air including the nation's 2.6 million miles of pipelines. McCown was instrumental in restoring national critical infrastructure following hurricane Katrina and Rita and received the department's highest award (gold medal) for his actions while operating under a secretarial designation. He also oversaw the government's initial response to the largest oil spill on Alaska's North Slope and implemented the one call damage prevention program known as "811". While serving as the country's chief energy transportation regulator, McCown was first to raise concerns over the country's aging pipeline infrastructure network but was also avid in his support of pipelines over other transport methods. He has continued to advance safety and has called for tougher standards following gas pipeline incidents in San Bruno, California, and Dallas, Texas.
He was also one of the first experts to call for the phasing out older rail cars transporting crude oil known as DOT-111 tank cars.
From 1988 to 1998 McCown served on active duty as a U.S. naval officer and as a naval aviator and participated in worldwide deployments including Operation Desert Storm and Operation Uphold Democracy. From 1998 until his retirement in 2013, McCown served as a member of the ready reserve force with active duty assignments in Europe, Africa, and Asia including Operation Unified Assistance.
Since retiring from federal service, McCown served as the Chairman and CEO of Nouveau, a consulting and advisory firm and served on the Southlake, Texas Planning & Zoning Commission where he notably voted against a new natural gas pipeline within the city's limits.
Served on several boards including as a member and vice chair (regulatory and legal subcommittee) of the federal government's Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee, a member of the Salmon P. Chase College of Law's Board of Visitors, Co-Chair of the American Bar Association's Transportation Committee of the Administrative and Regulatory Law Section, a Program Council Member for the Warsaw Security Forum, a member of Europe's Pipeline Technology Conference safety advisory committee, founder and board member of the Alliance for Innovation and Infrastructure, and a Fellow of the American Bar Association Foundation.
McCown was named president of Alyeska Pipeline Service Company in 2020. He stepped down from this role in January 2022.
References
External links
Alliance for Innovation and Infrastructure
Living people
1966 births
People from Ironton, Ohio
Miami University alumni
Northern Kentucky University alumni
United States Navy officers
United States Department of Transportation officials
Kentucky lawyers
Florida lawyers
Texas lawyers
George W. Bush administration personnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham%20McCown |
Danmarks Nationalbank (in Danish often simply Nationalbanken) is the central bank of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is a non-eurozone member of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). Since its establishment in 1818, the objective of the Nationalbank as an independent and credible institution is to issue the Danish currency, the krone, and ensure its stability. The Board of Governors holds full responsibility for the monetary policy.
The building which houses the bank's headquarters was designed by the renowned architect Arne Jacobsen, in collaboration with Hans Dissing and Otto Weitling. After Jacobsen's death, his office, renamed Dissing+Weitling, brought the building to completion.
Danmarks Nationalbank undertakes all functions related to the management of the Danish central-government debt. The division of responsibility is set out in an agreement between the Ministry of Finance of Denmark and Danmarks Nationalbank.
Danish and Faroese banknotes were previously printed at Danmarks Nationalbank's Banknote Printing Works. This practice came to an end 20 December 2016, after which the printing of banknotes has been outsourced due to a reduced demand for cash, and cut in expenses of 100 million kroner until 2020.
History
The bank was established on 1 August 1818 by King Frederick VI of Denmark. The private bank was given a 90-year monopoly on currency issue, which was extended in 1907 out to 1938. In 1914, the National Bank became the sole banker for the Danish government. The bank became fully independent of the government in 1936.
Board of Governors
The Board of Governors consists of three members. The Chairman of the Board of Governors is Governor by Royal Appointment. The two other Governors are appointed by the Board of Directors.
List of Royal Governors
1818–1818: Christian Klingberg
1835–1856: Lauritz Nicolai Hvidt
1821–1861: Nicolai Aagesen
1836–1845: Peter Georg Bang
1856–1861: Hans Peter Hansen
1861–1892: Moritz Levy
1868–1888: Wilhelm Sponneck
1869–1896: Stephan Linnemann
1873–1887: W.J.A. Ussing
1873–1896: F.C. Smidt
1887–1888: Carl Vilhelm Lange
1896–1913: Søren Christian Knudtzon
1888–1913: Rasmus Strøm
1896–1906: Johannes Nellemann
1907–1924: Jens Peter Winther
1908–1908: Ole Hansen
1908–1920: Johannes Lauridsen
1913–1939: Westy Stephensen
1914–1923: Marcus Rubin
1914–1924: Carl Ussing
1920–1923: Jens Peter Dalsgaard
1923–1931: Holmer Green
1923–1936: Hans Rosenkrantz
1924–1932: Jakob Kristian Lindberg
1925–1936: Frederik Carl Gram Schrøder
1935–1955: Ove Jepsen
1936–1949: C.V. Bramsnæs
1939–1957: Henning Haugen-Johansen
1949–1950: Holger Koed
1950–1963: Svend Nielsen
1956–1963: Siegfried Hartogsohn
1957–1985: Frede Sunesen
1963–1985: Svend Andersen
1965–1994: Erik Hoffmeyer
1980–1996: Ole Thomasen
1982–1990: Richard Mikkelsen
1991–2005: Bodil Nyboe Andersen
1995–2010: Jens Thomsen
1996–2011: Torben Nielsen
2005–2013: Nils Bernstein
2011–2020: Hugo Frey Jensen
2011–: Per Callesen
2013–2023: Lars Rohde
2020-: Signe Krogstrup
2023-: Christian Kettel Thomsen
Logo
The official logo of the bank is a nineteenth-century version of Denmark's coat of arms showing the insignia of Denmark, Schleswig, and Holstein. The two latter provinces were lost in the 1864 Second War of Schleswig, and the bank is the only official Danish institution still using this insignia. Since the late 19th century, coins minted by the bank carry a heart-shaped mint mark. Before this time, the Mint used a mark showing the royal crown.
See also
Economy of Denmark
Economy of the Faroe Islands
Economy of Greenland
Economy of Europe
European Exchange Rate Mechanism
Financial Supervisory Authority (Denmark)
Payment system
Real-time gross settlement
References
External links
Arne Jacobsen buildings
Buildings and structures completed in 1970
Economy of Denmark
Banks of Denmark
Central banks
Banknote printing companies
European System of Central Banks
Modernist architecture in Copenhagen
Banks established in 1818
1818 establishments in Denmark
Currencies of the Kingdom of Denmark
Bank buildings in Copenhagen
Listed bank buildings in Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danmarks%20Nationalbank |
Brocket Hall is a neo-classical country house set in a large park at the western side of the urban area of Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. The estate is equipped with two golf courses and seven smaller listed buildings, apart from the main house. The freehold on the estate is held by the 3rd Baron Brocket. The house is Grade I-listed.
History
On the parkland site were two predecessors: the first of these was built in 1239 as Watership or Durantshide Manor, and was early held variously of Hatfield Manor and the Bishop of Ely.
A second predecesor was built about 1430: whereas in 1413 John Mortimer had held Waterships, it is known that in 1477 Thomas Brockett held both manors. The house was acquired by John Brocket in the early 1550s, and passed to his son Sir John Brocket (captain of the personal guard of Queen Elizabeth) on his death in 1558.
The building and park owe much of their appearance today to Sir Matthew Lamb, 1st Baronet, who purchased the estate in 1746 and commissioned Brocket Hall to the designs of the architect Sir James Paine in around 1760.
Sir Matthew Lamb's son was Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne, and he was often visited at Brocket Hall by the Prince Regent, who had a liaison with Lady Melbourne.
The next owner was William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, who was Queen Victoria's first Prime Minister (1835–41). She often visited during this period. His wife, Lady Caroline Lamb, infamously had an affair with Lord Byron, causing Lord Melbourne much embarrassment. For one of his birthdays she held a state banquet in the Saloon, at which she had herself served from a large silver dish, naked.
On Lamb's death, the house passed to his sister Emily, whose second husband was another Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston.
On Emily's death, the hall then passed to Emily's grandson by her first marriage, Francis Cowper, 7th Earl Cowper, though it was his younger brother, Henry (d.1887), who lived at Brocket Hall.
In 1893, George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen, President of the Bank of Montreal and the first Canadian to be elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom, leased Brocket Hall from the 7th Earl for the remainder of his lifetime. Over the next three years, guests included the Queen's children: The Prince and Princess of Wales, The Duke and Duchess of Connaught and the Princess Mary, Duchess of Teck. In 1897, one year after his first wife died in 1896, Lord Mount Stephen married Georgina Mary (known as Gian) Tufnell, a Lady-in-Waiting to Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck, who encouraged the match. Gian was a lifelong friend and confidante of the Duchess's daughter, Mary of Teck, the wife of King George V, and the Mount Stephenses regularly entertained the royal couple. Gian preferred life at Brocket Hall to the social life that surrounded their London residence at Carlton House Terrace. Lady Mount Stephen was a close friend of Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury, who lived on the neighbouring estate, Hatfield House.
After the death of the 7th Earl Cowper (1905), the underlying future reversion was left to his niece, but she died only a year after him (1906) and the estate passed to her husband, Admiral Lord Walter Kerr, who lived at Melbourne Hall. When the life tenant Lord Mount Stephen died in 1921, Kerr put the estate up for sale, and in 1923 it was purchased by Sir Charles Nall-Cain, who co-ran the brewing company Walker Cain Ltd; he was created Baron Brocket in 1933. His son, Ronald Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket, was a Nazi sympathiser; he was interned during the Second World War, and his property was sequestrated and put to use as a maternity hospital.
In 1996 Charles Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket (often styled as Charlie Brocket) was convicted of insurance fraud. While serving a prison sentence, he let the whole estate for a minimum of 60 years to CCA (Club Corporation of Asia) based in Hong Kong. CCA converted Brocket Hall into a hotel and conference centre, built a second eighteen-hole golf course and developed a restaurant called Auberge du Lac in an existing building on the estate.
Location
The estate almost touches the A1(M) motorway near Welwyn Garden City which is on the opposite side of the motorway; administratively and historically it lies at the extreme northern end of Hatfield.
Park and lake
In the 1770s the park was landscaped making use of the River Lea which is dammed to form a "broadwater" or lake.
Next to the weir is a neoclassical bridge, often described as Palladian, which carries an approach drive across the river: it is faced in Portland stone and was designed by Paine.
The park is listed as Grade II in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The parkland is since the mid-1990s largely overlain by golf courses and is bounded by substantial woodland belts.
Paine also built the Temple with an Adam-style plaster ceiling, elliptical porch that has niches either side of a Victorian period half glazed door and a pediment above its eastern entrance, typical of the finest garden temples of the era.
Among other buildings on the estate is Brocket Lea, an early 17th-century house on the south side of the river Lea.
In popular culture
Brocket Hall has been used as a filming location for film and television productions, and for music videos, including: Night of the Demon (1957); Murder with Mirrors; Johnny English Reborn; The Queen; Willow; Pride and Prejudice featuring Colin Firth. It also features in the Inspector Morse episode, "Who Killed Harry Field?" (1991); in the Agatha Christie's Poirot episode "The Labours of Hercules" (2013); in an episode of EastEnders screened on 1 January 2017; in Holby City and in the TV series Victoria.
The hall was used in the Shakin' Stevens video "You Drive Me Crazy" in 1980 and in 1983, for Mike Oldfield's “ Moonlight Shadow”. The British pop group Steps used it as the location for their 2001 music video for "It's the Way You Make Me Feel".
References and notes
References
Notes
External links
Early history
DiCamillo companion entry
1760s establishments in England
Buildings and structures completed in the 1760s
Buildings and structures in Welwyn Hatfield (district)
Country houses in Hertfordshire
Hotels in Hertfordshire
Golf clubs and courses in Hertfordshire
Grade I listed buildings in Hertfordshire
Grade I listed houses
Grade II listed parks and gardens in Hertfordshire
Neoclassical architecture in Hertfordshire
Prime ministerial homes in the United Kingdom
Lakes of Hertfordshire
Weirs on the River Lea
Country house hotels
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocket%20Hall |
Slavko Ćuruvija (, ; 9 August 1949 – 11 April 1999) was a Serbian journalist and newspaper publisher. His murder on 11 April 1999 in Belgrade, FR Yugoslavia provoked international outrage and wide condemnation. In January 2014 two people were arrested and two others named by the Serbian police as suspects in Ćuruvija's murder, including Radomir Marković, former head of the State Security Service (SDB) from 1998 to 2001.
Early life and career
Born to Rade Ćuruvija, an ethnic Serb officer of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) who spent World War II fighting in Lika on the Partisan side, Slavko was born and grew up in Zagreb. In addition to holding JNA rank, his father also worked for JNA's Counterintelligence Service (KOS) and State Security Service (UDBA). The family moved to Belgrade in 1958. His parents divorced in 1965.
After graduating from the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Ćuruvija found employment as a business secretary and PR assistant at Mašinogradnja in Belgrade. He soon began contributing to Zagreb's Danas weekly magazine, as well as to the Social Research Center (Centar za društvena istrazivanja). Between 1984 and 1986, he worked as analyst in the Federal Interior Secretariat and State Security Service.
Career in journalism
In 1986, Ćuruvija joined the staff of Borba: initially as commentator, then advancing to the position of domestic political section editor, and eventually becoming Borbas editor-in-chief. In 1987 he was one of the few journalists allowed to stand next to Slobodan Milošević during his visit to Kosovo Polje on 24 April. He stayed with the daily paper until 1994 while regularly contributing to Vjesnik, NIN, Večernji list, Pobjeda, TV Belgrade, and other media sources.
In 1994, after the regime's unofficial takeover at Borba, Ćuruvija, along with many other staffers decided to leave the daily. While some of them quickly reconvened to form Naša borba, Ćuruvija took another career route, hooking up with Momčilo Đorgović to found Nedeljni telegraf, a weekly tabloid newspaper. In 1996, the duo founded Dnevni telegraf, Serbia's first privately owned daily in more than 50 years. Ćuruvija was DTs director and editor-in-chief, and eventually, after splitting with Đorgović, its sole owner. In 1998, Ćuruvija additionally founded a bi-weekly magazine Evropljanin where he gathered some prominent Serbian journalists, including Aleksandar Tijanić and Ljiljana Smajlović.
Relations with regime
Both Ćuruvija-owned publications benefited from his access to Mira Marković, wife of Serbian president Slobodan Milošević. Not many specific, established details indicating the extent of their relationship are known. Most come from second or third hand accounts. Radio Television of Serbia produced a television documentary Kad režim strelja (2006), Aleksandar Tijanić refers to it as a "non-aggression pact between Mira and Slavko allowing him access to many relevant pieces of information that ultimately greatly increased Dnevni telegrafs readership", while Ćuruvija's common-law wife Branka Prpa who was with him at the time of his murder attaches less significance to this friendship saying that it "revolved around conversations that many other journalists engaged in with Mira Marković hoping to manipulate her into revealing more than she'd originally planned". Prpa went on to add: "However, I think they became the ones being manipulated as the time went on".
Whatever it was, their relationship was deteriorating by the day in late summer and early fall of 1998. Yugoslav army and Serbian police were in various stages of a crackdown on ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, and both of Ćuruvija's publications reported extensively on all of these issues, all of which earned Dnevni telegraf a ban on 14 October 1998 under a special new decree. Furious with these new developments, Ćuruvija demanded to see Mira Marković and a meeting was arranged at her party's (Yugoslav Left) offices during the week Dnevni telegraf was banned as the new Information Law was being prepared. The meeting, reportedly quickly turned into a heated exchange. Branka Prpa, Ćuruvija's common-law wife, and Ljiljana Smajlović, co-worker, said that one of the things that got him in trouble with the Milošević regime was the article about Attack on Prekaz because he didn't call all killed Kosovo Albanians “terrorists”.
According to Predrag Popović's book Oni ne praštaju (written from the author's subsequent interviews with Ćuruvija), Ćuruvija was shouting: "What the hell do you think you're doing. If you continue down this crazy path, you can be sure you'll all be hanging off lamp posts in Terazije". Visibly flustered, Mira reportedly responded: "How can you say that Slavko, after all we've allowed you". Slavko's later comment was also published in the book: "Evidently she thought she'd done me a great favour by allowing me to live a normal life and publish newspapers all those years". The meeting, their last ever, ended with Ćuruvija saying: "Say hello to your husband for me." To which [a] visibly shook up Mira responded: "I will not do that, but I will tell him everything you said." People who happened to be in the building said Mira Marković was crying after the meeting.
In April 2006 article on B92 TV commemorating 7 years since the unsolved murder of Ćuruvija, his wife Branka Prpa recounted few more details of the Ćuruvija-Marković exchange: "He was shouting 'What are you doing this for? You're going to cause a widespread war!' Mira then told him 'Oh, so you want them to bomb us.' He responded 'Well, maybe they should bomb you, it's the only way for us to finally get you out of power!".
Evropljanin trial on 23 October 1998
Ćuruvija's response to the unpleasant exchange was a scathing blast about the couple on the pages of Evropljanin, co-written with Aleksandar Tijanić. The issue came out on 19 October 1998, one day before the Information Law was passed, which did not stop the authorities from putting Ćuruvija and his paper on trial four days later and prosecuting them under the same law. The culmination of the day-long trial was a DM350,000 fine.
Murder
On 11 April 1999 (which was Easter Sunday in the Serbian Orthodox Church that year), Ćuruvija was shot dead by two masked men in front of his house in Belgrade. The Serbian government began a review on 24 January 2013 of several suspicious cases involving the alleged murders of journalists, including Ćuruvija, Milan Pantić, and Dada Vujasinović.
Aleksandar Vučić, who was Minister for Information in Serbian government at the time of the Ćuruvija's murder, announced on 12 November 2013 on Utisak nedelje that there had been a recent progress in the investigation of the murder of Ćuruvija and expects it to be resolved soon.
On 14 January 2014, Serbian police arrested two suspects in Ćuruvija's murder case, Milan Radonjić and Ratko Romić, both formerly employed by the Second department of State Security Service (SDB).
Radomir Marković, former head of Federal Republic of State Security Service currently serving a 40-year term for orchestrating a 1999 attack on Serbian opposition leaders Vuk Drašković, and Miroslav Kurak, currently at large, are also suspects, the former for allegedly ordering the murder and the latter for being the alleged executor. The formal accusation for the murder was expected by February 2014, the key witness for the prosecution being Milorad Ulemek Legija, former commander of Special Operations Unit of the Serbian secret police.
The former Serbian secret agent Ratko Ljubojević told a Belgrade Special Court in January 2016 that all reports concerning Ćuruvija were ordered destroyed on 5 October 2000, the day Slobodan Milošević fell from power.
See also
List of journalists killed in Europe
References
Links
Sahranjen Slavko Ćuruvija , Vreme.com, 17 April 1999.
1949 births
1999 deaths
1999 murders in Serbia
20th-century journalists
Journalists from Zagreb
Serbs of Croatia
People murdered in Serbia
Unsolved murders in Serbia
Assassinated Serbian journalists
University of Belgrade Faculty of Political Science alumni
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavko%20%C4%86uruvija |
World Tai Chi and Qigong Day (WTCQD), also spelled World T'ai Chi and Ch'i Kung Day, is an annual event held the last Saturday of April each year to promote the related disciplines of tai chi and Qigong in nearly eighty countries since 1999.
Overview
The annual April event is open to the general public, and begins in the earliest time zones of Samoa at 10 am, and then participants across Oceania, Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and South America take part, with celebrations in eighty nations and several hundred cities, ending with the final events in the last time zones of Hawaii almost an entire day later. Celebrations include mass tai chi and qigong exhibitions in many cities, and free classes in most participating cities.
World Tai Chi and Qigong Day's stated goals are to:
Educate the world about emerging medical research revealing health benefits that tai chi and qigong offer.
Educate about the increasing use of these ancient traditional Chinese medicine modalities in business, healthcare, education, penal and drug rehabilitation.
Provide a global vision of cooperation for health & healing purposes across geopolitical boundaries, and also an appeal to people worldwide to embrace wisdom from all the cultures of the world.
Thank Chinese culture for the gifts of tai chi and qigong to the world.
Organization
The local events are independently organized by local tai chi and qigong schools, groups, and associations. The format of events varies by locality, although most involve free classes and mass exhibitions. International organizing for the event is done at the World Tai Chi and Qigong Day office in Overland Park, Kansas.
History
The global event began in 1999. However the first event, that inspired the global event, was held in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1998 on the lawn of the Nelson Atkins Museum of Art in midtown Kansas City, where the Kansas City Tai Chi Club held a mass tai chi exhibition and teach-in involving nearly two-hundred people. CNN Headline News covered the event, which generated interest beyond Kansas City to quickly grow into a national and international event in the following years. World Tai Chi and Qigong Day has been officially proclaimed by governors of 25 US states, the senates of California, New York, and Puerto Rico, by Brazil's National Council of Deputies, and officials in several nations.
In 2013 Harvard Medical School launched a series of lectures regarding medical research on tai chi benefits. The Harvard lecture series homepage was titled "Celebrating World Tai Chi Day." The Harvard Medical School Guide to Tai Chi, released in 2012, cited World Tai Chi Day, writing, "A reflection of how successful the invasion of [tai chi] has been is World Tai Chi Day, organized by Bill Douglas. One of the purposes of this day is "to bring people across racial, economic, religious, and geo-political boundaries, to join together for the purpose of health and healing, providing an example to the world." Millions of people around the world—65 nations participated in 2011—gather one day each year to celebrate the health and healing benefits of tai chi and qigong." This global event was founded by Bill Douglas and Angela Wong Douglas, co-authors of The Complete Idiot's Guide to T'ai Chi and Qigong (Penguin Alpha Books, fourth edition, 2012). Their book's chapter entitled, "World T'ai Chi and Qigong Day," was a major force behind the global awareness of this health and healing event.
In 2013 the National Council of Deputies in Brazil joined 22 U.S. Governors, the Senates of California, New York, and Puerto Rico and other officials and bodies from around the world in recognizing World Tai Chi & Qigong Day.
Local and national media worldwide have covered World Tai Chi & Qigong Day events, including Agence France Presse TV; Egyptian national television news; and New York City's Central Park event was covered by NDT Television News.
In 2019 Southampton City Council celebrated World Tai Chi & Qigong Day alongside UK Shaolin Temple, who jointly held a free public event in Southampton's Guildhall Square on Saturday 27 April 2019. The event highlighted the importance of mental health and wellbeing awareness with free tai chi and qigong taster sessions. Near to one hundred attendees sampled a number of simple exercise routines to incorporate into their daily routines. The message of the event also reached hundreds of thousands of people through social media and regional press coverage including the Southern Daily Echo Press and BBC Solent.
This global healing event, in turn, inspired what is now known as World Healing Day.
See also
Taoist meditation
Taoist philosophy
Taoist Tai Chi Society
Traditional Chinese medicine
International Day of Yoga
References
External links
International observances
April observances
Holidays and observances by scheduling (nth weekday of the month)
Tai chi
Qigong
Health awareness days | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Tai%20Chi%20and%20Qigong%20Day |
Franz Xaver von Linsenmann (November 28, 1835 – September 21, 1898) was an important Catholic moral theologian and the Bishop of Rottenburg.
Born in Rottweil, Linsenmann was unanimously elected Bishop of Rottenburg on July 20, 1898, and was proclaimed on September 5. However, he died before his consecration during a curative stay in the Black Forest spa town of Lauterbach.
References
1835 births
1898 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Rottenburg
19th-century German Catholic theologians
19th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Deputies
German male non-fiction writers
19th-century male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Xaver%20von%20Linsenmann |
The Affluent Society is a 1958 (4th edition revised 1984) book by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith. The book sought to clearly outline the manner in which the post–World War II United States was becoming wealthy in the private sector but remained poor in the public sector, lacking social and physical infrastructure, and perpetuating income disparities. The book sparked much public discussion at the time. It is also credited with popularizing the term "conventional wisdom". Many of the ideas presented were later expanded and refined in Galbraith's 1967 book, The New Industrial State.
Former U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich called it his favorite on the subject of economics. The Modern Library placed the book at no. 46 on its list of the top 100 English-language non-fiction books of the 20th century.
Themes
The "central tradition" in economics, created by Adam Smith and expanded by David Ricardo and Thomas Robert Malthus in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, is poorly suited to the affluent post–World War II U.S. society. This is so because the "central tradition" economists wrote during a time of widespread poverty where production of basic goods was necessary. U.S. society, at the time of Galbraith's writing, was one of widespread affluence, where production was based on luxury goods and wants.
Using production, or gross domestic product, as a measure of U.S. society's well-being omits important measures of social and personal well-being. GDP also neglects differences in output. For example, "An increased supply of educational services has a standing in the total not different in kind from an increased output of television receivers." Production has risen to its paramount but unwarranted status because it is held in grace by both Democrats and Republicans.
Galbraith writes:
On the importance of production as a test of performance, there is no difference between Republicans and Democrats, right and left, white and minimally prosperous black, Catholic and Protestant. It is common ground for the Chairman of Americans for Democratic Action, the President of the United States Chamber of Commerce and the President of the National Association of Manufactures.
American demand for goods and services is not organic. That is, the demands are not internally created by a consumer. These such demands - food, clothes, and shelter - have been met for the vast majority of Americans. The new demands are created by advertisers and the "machinery for consumer-demand creation" that benefit from increased consumer spending. This exuberance in private production and consumption pushes out public spending and investment. He called this the dependence effect, a process by which "wants are increasingly created by the process by which they are satisfied". He argued that lauding production creating demand via advertising is as like one "who applauds the efforts of the squirrel to keep abreast of the wheel that is propelled by his own efforts."
Galbraith believes America must transition from a private production economy to a public investment economy. He advocates three large proposals: the elimination of poverty, government investment in public schools, and the growth of the "New Class." Galbraith outlines the two types of poverty to better understand the causes and potential remedies. Case poverty is related to a specific individual and insular poverty is an island where nearly everyone is poor. To fund social programs, Galbraith believes in the expanded use of consumption taxes. The "New Class" consists of schoolteachers, professors, surgeons, and electrical engineers.
Galbraith ends the book with another appeal to the importance and need for investment in educating people:
“Whether the problem be that of a burgeoning population and of space in which to live with peace and grace, or whether it be the depletion of the materials which nature has stocked in the earth’s crust and which have been drawn upon more heavily in this century than in all previous time together, or whether it be that of occupying minds no longer committed to the stockpiling of consumer goods, the basic demand on America will be on its resources of intelligence and education.”
See also
History of economic thought
Marshall Sahlins articulated in 1966 the theory that hunter-gatherers were the original affluent society.
References
External links
Abridgement of The Affluent Society
1958 non-fiction books
1958 in economics
Books by John Kenneth Galbraith
1940s in the United States
1950s in the United States
Houghton Mifflin books
Sociology books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Affluent%20Society |
Washington Rock State Park is a scenic state park on top of the first Watchung Mountain in Green Brook, New Jersey. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.
It is famous for its scenic overlook used by General George Washington in 1777 to monitor troops led by British General William Howe. The panoramic vista covers the eastern plains of New Jersey up to New York City.
The land was bought in 1913 to establish the park and commemorate the events of 1777. Most of it is woodland but at the outlook there are walking trails and a picnic area.
Gallery
See also
List of New Jersey state parks
References
External links
American Revolutionary War sites
State parks of New Jersey
Parks in Somerset County, New Jersey
Watchung Mountains
Green Brook Township, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Rock%20State%20Park |
Light flyweight, also known as junior flyweight or super strawweight, is a weight class in boxing.
Professional boxing
The weight limit at light flyweight in professional boxing is 108 pounds (49 kilograms). When New York legalized boxing in 1920, the law stipulated a "junior flyweight" class, with a weight limit of 99 pounds. When the National Boxing Association was formed in 1921, it also recognized this weight class. However, on January 19, 1922, the NBA decided to withdraw recognition of the junior flyweight division. On December 31, 1929, the New York State Athletic Commission also abolished the junior flyweight class. No champion had been crowned in this division prior to its abolition.
The World Boxing Council (WBC) decided to resurrect this division in the 1970s. The first champion in this division was Franco Udella, who won the WBC title in 1975. The World Boxing Association also crowned its first champion in 1975, when Jaime Rios defeated Rigoberto Marcano via fifteen-round decision. The first International Boxing Federation champion was Dodie Boy Peñalosa, who won the belt in 1983.
The first light flyweight "superfight" took place on March 13, 1993, when Michael Carbajal, the IBF champion, knocked out WBC champion Humberto González to unify the championship. Their rematch, on February 19, 1994, was the first time a light flyweight fighter (Carbajal) made a million dollar purse.
Current world champions
Current The Ring world rankings
As of , .
Keys:
Current The Ring world champion
Amateur boxing
At the Summer Olympic Games, the division is defined as up to 49 kilograms.
Olympic champions
1968 –
1972 –
1976 –
1980 –
1984 –
1988 –
1992 –
1996 –
2000 –
2004 –
2008 –
2012 –
2016 –
European champions
1969 – György Gedó (HUN)
1971 – György Gedó (HUN)
1973 – Vladislav Sasypko (URS)
1975 – Aleksandr Tkachenko (URS)
1977 – Henryk Średnicki (POL)
1979 – Shamil Sabirov (URS)
1981 – Ismail Mustafov (BUL)
1983 – Ismail Mustafov (BUL)
1985 – René Breitbarth (GDR)
1987 – Nszan Munczian (URS)
1989 – Ivailo Marinov (BUL)
1991 – Ivailo Marinov (BUL)
1993 – Daniel Petrov (BUL)
1996 – Daniel Petrov (BUL)
1998 – Sergey Kazakov (RUS)
2000 – Valeriy Sydorenko (UKR)
2002 – Sergey Kazakov (RUS)
2004 – Sergey Kazakov (RUS)
2006 – David Ayrapetyan (RUS)
2008 – Hovhannes Danielyan (ARM)
2010 – Paddy Barnes (IRL)
2011 – Salman Alizade (AZE)
2013 – David Ayrapetyan (RUS)
Pan American champions
1971 – Rafael Carbonell (CUB)
1975 – Jorge Hernández (CUB)
1979 – Hector Ramírez (CUB)
1983 – Rafael Ramos (PUR)
1987 – Luis Román Rolón (PUR)
1991 – Rogelio Marcelo (CUB)
1995 – Edgar Velázquez (VEN)
1999 – Maikro Romero (CUB)
2003 – Yan Bartelemí Varela (CUB)
2007 – Luis Yáñez (USA)
2011 – Joselito Velázquez (MEX)
Notable light flyweights
Iván Calderón
Michael Carbajal
Jung-Koo Chang
Luis Estaba
Leo Gamez
Humberto González
Yoko Gushiken
Louisa Hawton
Yuh Myung-woo
Donnie Nietes
Saman Sorjaturong
Román González
Ricardo Lopez
Franco Udella
References
External links
Flyweight
sv:Viktklass | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20flyweight |
Anthology is the first box set by American singer Selena. It was released posthumously on April 7, 1998, through EMI Latin to commemorate the singer's works. The collection comprises 30 tracks, dispersed across three genre-themed discs: "Pop / English" showcases uptempo pop compositions, "Mariachi" highlights Mexican ballads featuring poignant narratives of heartache, and "Cumbia" presents danceable tropical rhythms. The album encompasses recordings from a 14-year-old Selena on her Alpha (1986) album to the posthumous "Disco Medley" (1997). With a limited number of unaltered tracks, Anthology predominantly features reworked and remastered musical arrangements, while preserving the singer's original vocals. Selena's death in March 1995 prompted an influx of requests from her admirers. The singer's father and manager, Abraham Quintanilla, expressed a desire to maintain his daughter's legacy through her music. However, Selena's family has faced criticism from both fans and the media, who accuse them of capitalizing on her death and commodifying her repertoire.
The album garnered favorable acclaim from music critics, with Stephen Thomas Erlewine describing Anthology as a "comprehensive overview" of Selena's musical career. Erlewine posited that the compilation offers a diverse showcase of the artist's multifaceted talents. Echoing this sentiment, The Orlando Sentinels critics noted that Anthology effectively demonstrates Selena's adeptness in performing across various genres. Upon its release, Anthology debuted at number one on the United States Billboard Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums chart, selling 10,500 units in its inaugural week. The album also reached number 131 on the Billboard 200 chart and maintained its position atop the Regional Mexican Albums chart for 11 weeks—the longest duration for any album in that year. Anthology ended 1998 as the best-selling Regional Mexican Albums chart in the US, while it placed 12th on the Top Latin Albums year-end chart. Anthology has been certified Diamond (Latin) by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting 600,000 units consisting of sales and on-demand streaming.
Background and production
On March 31, 1995, American Tejano music singer Selena was shot and killed by Yolanda Saldívar, her friend and former manager of the singer's boutiques. Concurrently, the artist was engrossed in the development of a crossover, designed to propel her into the American pop market. The aftermath of her death yielded adverse consequences for Latin music, as the genre—which she had thrust into the mainstream market—experienced a decline in popularity in the wake of her death. The envisaged crossover album, Dreaming of You was posthumously released on July 18, 1995, debuting and peaking atop the United States Billboard 200 albums chart, an unprecedented feat for a predominantly Spanish-language recording in the chart's history. This release incited a "buying frenzy" among Hispanic and Latino Americans for any merchandise associated with or featuring Selena. The ongoing dissemination of Selena's oeuvre fulfills a commitment made by Abraham Quintanilla to his family in the aftermath of his daughter's death, vowing to perpetuate Selena's memory through her music. As stated by A. B. Quintanilla, Suzette Quintanilla, and Selena, the trio had collectively concurred that, should any misfortune befall one of them, their desire would be to persist with their musical endeavors. A. B. recounted that Selena expressed a wish for her presence to "never go away". In the years since Selena's death, her family has faced censure from fans and the media, who have accused them of exploiting the singer and capitalizing on her murder by commodifying her repertoire.
Enclosed within Anthology is a biographical booklet penned by Abraham, in which he recounts the numerous requests he received from individuals seeking a compilation of the singer's oeuvre, expressing his hope that the album fulfills the demand. EMI Latin lauded Anthology as the inaugural collection produced in honor of Selena. Throughout the production process, Abraham characterizes his family's emotions as a manifestation of "a labor of love" and dedicates the album to Selena's fans. He extends gratitude to them for their unwavering support in aiding Selena in realizing her musical ambitions.
Music
Anthology encompasses a wide array of songs, ranging from a 14-year-old Selena's recordings featured on her Alpha (1986) album to the posthumously released club remix of "Disco Medley" (1997). As asserted by EMI Latin, Anthology commemorates the singer's works, encapsulating her earliest recordings up to some of the final sessions before her death. With a paucity of tracks in their original form, Anthology incorporates recordings that have been reimagined and refreshed with newly remastered musical arrangements, while preserving the singer's original vocals. The production team extracted Selena's vocals and thoroughly restructured the musical components. Selena's Los Dinos band expressed satisfaction with the album's final result. The compilation features tracks recorded by Selena prior to her affiliation with EMI Latin in 1989, while songs released during her engagement with the label were recorded under her father's studio, Q-Productions.
The first disc, thematically titled "Pop / English", commences with "Always Mine", an upbeat composition that became Selena's initial foray into English-language pop music, a long-standing aspiration for both her and A. B. upon entering the music industry. The remix rendition of "No Quiero Saber" featured on Anthology originates from Voces Unidas, the official Latin album for the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The third track, "Don't Throw Away My Love" is a remix version of Selena's initial songwriting credit "My Love", derived from her 1989 debut album. The subsequent song, "La Bamba" is a cover of the eponymous track recorded by Ritchie Valens in the 1950s. The ensuing piece, "I'm Getting Used to You" underwent remixing by David Morales. "Yo Fui Aquella" initially appeared as a ranchera, but was revamped with updated arrangements, transitioning it into a ballad. This modification strips away the majority of the instrumentation, accentuating Selena's capacity to carry a tune unaided. The seventh track, "Captive Heart", was among the final songs Selena recorded before her death. The following tracks, "Amame" and "Missing My Baby", originally appeared on Entre a Mi Mundo (1992). "Disco Medley" (Club Remix) concludes the first disc's track listing. This track comprises a medley of disco-era songs, including Donna Summer's "Last Dance" (1978) and "On the Radio" (1979), Van McCoy and the Soul City Symphony's "The Hustle" (1975), Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" (1978), Lipps Inc.'s "Funkytown" (1979). Selena performed "Disco Medley" live at the Houston Astrodome on February 26, 1995, widely acknowledged as her final concert before her death. Writing for The Orlando Sentinel, music critics Natalie Pignato and Umatilla High observed that the first disc maintains its rapid, accelerated beats from the initial track to the last.
The second disc, designated and themed "Mariachi", commences with "El Ramalazo", recorded by Selena in 1986. The subsequent track, "Dame Tu Amor", represents the inaugural collaborative composition between Abraham and keyboardist Ricky Vela in 1985. The version on Anthology is a bolero, enhanced with string and brass accompaniments. The third track, "Pa'Qué Me Sirve La Vida", originally a ranchera, undergoes a transformation into a "mariachi-valseada" through updated arrangements on Anthology. "Diferentes" was recorded by Selena in 1986 after appreciating Rocío Dúrcal's rendition of the piece. The fifth song, "Siempre Hace Frío", was initially intended for the Don Juan DeMarco (1995) soundtrack but was ultimately shelved by the music producers. The subsequent track, "¿Qué Creias?", frequently featured Selena performing onstage alongside a male volunteer from the audience who assumed the role of her former lover, while Selena rebuked them as the aggrieved partner. The seventh track, "Quiero Estar Contigo", penned by A. B., originally employed the accordion and keyboards in its 1987 incarnation, coinciding with the zenith of keyboard-driven track popularity. The following song, "Rama Caída", represents one of Selena's earliest recordings, executed when she was only 14 years old. The ensuing song, "Sabes", was composed by Vela and particularly admired by Abraham, who lauded it as one of Vela's finest works. The track is succeeded by the mariachi composition "Tú Sólo Tú", also initially intended for the Don Juan DeMarco soundtrack, which concludes the second disc's track listing. The second disc exudes a subdued presence, encompassing Mexican ballads characterized by narratives of heartbreak.
Initiating the third disc, titled and themed "Cumbia", is "Yo Te Daré", which was modernized for Anthology alongside "La Puerta Se Cerró". The former, originally a salsa track from 1988, was updated to mirror the arrangements found in "Si Una Vez" (1994). In the album, it manifests as a cumbia with comprehensive mariachi instrumentation, accentuated by accordion and requinto elements. The third track, "Corazoncito" appears on Anthology in what Abraham dubs "an even funkier arrangement." Originally recorded in 1985 as a ballad, "Enamorada de Ti" commences slowly but swiftly metamorphoses into a contemporary pop cumbia. The fifth track, "No Debes Jugar" originally appeared on Selena Live! This is succeeded by "Cariño Mío", which ranked among the most-requested songs for Selena to perform in the 1980s. The track underwent a transformation from cumbia to tropical salsa. The subsequent song, "Salta La Ranita", is updated with an accordion, offering listeners a richer tapestry of instrumentation compared to its original minimalist rendition. In the eighth song, "Te Amo Solo A Ti", producers extracted Selena's vocals from the initial track and overlaid them onto a hybrid rhythm fusing cumbia and ranchera. Abraham expressed astonishment at the updated song's natural sound, given the stark stylistic disparities between cumbia and ranchera. The penultimate song, "La Llamada" features the protagonist's former lover contacting her and asserting his innocence; however, rejecting his justifications, she demands he cease contacting her. The third disc culminates with "Baila Esta Cumbia", previously included in Ven Conmigo (1990). According to critics Pignato and High, the third disc encompasses a greater number of Selena's finest works compared to the preceding discs.
Release and reception
Originally slated for release on March 31, 1998, Anthology was deferred to April 7 due to insufficient inventory in music stores. The label, anticipating high demand for the album, deemed this a "sensitive issue" and consequently postponed the release by an additional week. Anthology is a triple box set comprising 30 tracks across three compact discs or cassette tapes, with each genre-themed volume containing ten tracks.
The album has garnered positive responses from music critics. Writing for Allmusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine described Anthology as a "comprehensive overview" of Selena's musical career, providing listeners with a diverse array of the singer's talents. However, he noted the absence of some of her best works, such as "Dreaming of You" (1995). Echoing Erlewine's sentiments, The Orlando Sentinels music critics Pignato and High asserted that Anthology exemplifies Selena's prowess in recording songs spanning various genres. They further opined that the album represents the singer's "crossover dream come true" more so than its posthumous predecessors, deeming it a "must-have for fans". Rosanna Ruiz of Fort Worth Star-Telegram contended that the album showcases Selena's extensive talents across the three explored genres.
Like its predecessors, Anthology is designed to highlight Selena's aptitude for singing an assortment of styles—from Anglo pop to mariachi—without alienating her devoted Tejano fanbase. Joey Guerra of the Houston Chronicle asserted that Anthology offers fans a glimpse of a singer refining her skills and embracing her talent. In addition to featuring rarely heard tracks, the album spotlights the production talents of A. B., who produced the songs with fresh arrangements. Jesse Katz in Texas Monthly observed that Anthology eschews labeling any section as Tejano, a genre that is not marketable in larger markets such as New York and Miami, where salsa and merengue music dominate. Conversely, Tejano music encompasses pop melodies that are excessively Americanized for the banda and norteño markets in Mexico and Southern California. In his review of the subsequent release, All My Hits: Todos Mis Éxitos (1999), Newsday music critic Richard Torres recommended Anthology for those interested in exploring more of Selena's songs.
Commercial performance
Fernando del Valle, writing for The Monitor, discovered multiple music retailers in the Rio Valley displaying Anthology in advance of its official release. Laura Fajardo, manager of Camelot Music in Harlingen, Texas, observed that while "Selena fever" persists, it is not as fervent as before. A record store in Fort Worth similarly reported customers inquiring about the album, though interest has diminished compared to the period immediately following her death. EMI Latin distributed 300,000 units to stores throughout the US in anticipation of the release.
Anthology debuted at number one on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums chart on the issue dated April 25, 1998. This marked Selena's third consecutive Top Latin Album number-one debut, following Siempre Selena (1996) and Dreaming of You (1995). Anthology extended Selena's record for the most cumulative weeks an artist has spent at number one, totaling 65 weeks atop the Top Latin Albums chart since Nielsen SoundScan began tabulating Latin album sales in 1993. The album sold 10,500 units, less than its predecessor Siempre Selena, which debuted with 14,500 units, while it entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 144. The album's sales contributed to pushing Latin album sales in the United States above 90,000 units for the first time in a month, surpassing sales of Latin albums in the US during the same period in 1997. Anthology sold 3,500 more units than Ricky Martin's Vuelve, displacing it from the top position.
The Mother's Day weekend holiday typically represents one of the highest-selling periods for Latin albums in the United States. However, Anthology sold 8,500 units, a 5% decrease from the previous tracking week. John Lannert of Billboard magazine expressed surprise that Anthology did not experience a sales increase that week. The album maintained its number one position on the Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums charts for the sixth consecutive week, while it slipped to number 151 on the Billboard 200 chart. Anthology remained at the summit of the Regional Mexican Albums chart for 11 weeks, constituting the most weeks an album has held the number one position, and secured the third-most weeks atop the Top Latin Albums chart for the year. Anthologys performance contributed to EMI Latin's ranking as the third-best-performing record imprint on Billboard's Latin music recap report, with the album placed at number nine in the Top Latin Albums recap report. Anthology ended 1998 as the best-selling regional Mexican album in the United States, while it placed 12th on the Top Latin Albums year-end chart. The set sold 116,000 units by December 1998, making it the best-selling album by EMI Latin for the year. The album was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting 600,000 units consisting of sales and on-demand streaming.
Track listing
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
Musicians
Selena –lead vocals
Rolando Hernández –guitarist (tracks 1.04, 2.01—2.10, 3.02), vihuela (tracks 2.01—2.10, 3.02), background vocals (track 2.07)
Roger Vera –trumpets (tracks 1.04, 2.01—2.10, 3.02)
Mariachi Sol de Mexico – chorus (tracks 1.05, 1.10)
Joe Murillo – guitarron (tracks 2.01—2.10, 3.02)
Andy Wilson – violins (tracks 2.01—2.10, 3.02)
Veronica Salinas – violins (tracks 2.01—2.10, 3.02)
Tom McClung – violins (tracks 2.01—2.10, 3.02)
Johnny Saenz – accordion (tracks 2.08, 3.01—3.10)
Mateo Garcia – requinto (tracks 2.03, 2.05, 3.02)
Mark Basaldua – background vocals (track 2.07)
Jessie Garcia – background vocals (track 2.07)
Jesse Ybarra – guitarist (tracks 3.01—3.04, 3.06—3.08)
Favio Pinot – timbales (tracks 3.01—3.10)
Lorena Pinot – background vocals (tracks 3.01—3.10)
Suzette Quintanilla – drums (tracks 3.05, 3.09—3.10)
Ricky Vela – keyboardist (tracks 3.05, 3.09—3.10)
Joe Ojeda – keyboardist (tracks 3.05, 3.09—3.10)
Chris Pérez – guitarist (tracks 3.05, 3.09—3.10)
Production
Jose Behar – executive producer
A. B. Quintanilla – producer, background vocals (track 2.07), remixer, arrangement (tracks 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.05, 1.07, 1.10), bass (tracks 3.05, 3.09—3.10)
Abraham Quintanilla – producer, liner notes
Brian "Red" Moore – arrangement (tracks 1.04, 2.01—2.04, 2.06—2.09, 3.01—3.10), bass (tracks 3.01—3.04, 3.06—3.8)
Ray Paz – producer, arrangement, remixer (tracks 1.04, 2.01—2.04, 2.06—2.09, 3.01—3.10), background vocals (track 2.07)
David Morales – remixer (track 1.05)
Los Dinos – arranger (tracks 1.09, 3.05, 3.09—3.10)
José Hernández – arranger (tracks 2.05, 2.10)
Packaging
Nelson Gonzalez – art & packagining, production coordinator
Impressions Design – design, art direction
Charts
Weekly charts
Quarterly charts
Year-end charts
Certification
See also
List of number-one Billboard Top Latin Albums from the 1990s
List of number-one Billboard Regional Mexican Albums of 1998
List of number-one debuts on Billboard Top Latin Albums
Billboard Regional Mexican Albums Year-end Chart, 1990s
References
Citations
Websites
1998 compilation albums
1998 remix albums
Remix albums published posthumously
Compilation albums published posthumously
Selena compilation albums
Selena remix albums
EMI Latin compilation albums
Albums recorded at Q-Productions
Albums produced by A.B. Quintanilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthology%20%28Selena%20album%29 |
James Willard "Jay" Powell (born January 9, 1972) is an American former baseball pitcher who last played for the Atlanta Braves.
He was drafted by the San Diego Padres in , but did not sign. Following his junior year at Mississippi State, he was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the first round (19th pick overall) in and signed. He played for the Florida Marlins, Houston Astros, Colorado Rockies, and Texas Rangers before signing with the Atlanta Braves in January of . His last game was on July 29, 2005, when he fractured his humerus.
Powell was the winning pitcher of Game 7 of the 1997 World Series for the Florida Marlins. He also has the most consecutive seasons pitched without a losing record among pitchers who primarily pitched in relief.
References
External links
Transactions
1972 births
Living people
Atlanta Braves players
Texas Rangers players
Florida Marlins players
Houston Astros players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Mississippi
Sportspeople from Meridian, Mississippi
Baseball players from Atlanta
Albany Polecats players
Frederick Keys players
Portland Sea Dogs players
Brevard County Manatees players
Round Rock Express players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Tulsa Drillers players
Oklahoma RedHawks players
Gulf Coast Braves players
Mississippi Braves players
Mississippi State Bulldogs baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Australia
Perth Heat players
Anchorage Glacier Pilots players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Powell%20%28baseball%29 |
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