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Natalie Price may refer to:
Natalie Evans, a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders
Natalie Price (politician), a member of the Michigan House of Representatives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie%20Price |
Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa
(;
(; 2 February 1995 – 14 January 2012) was a Pakistani student and computer prodigy who became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) in 2004. She was submitted to the Guinness Book of World Records for her achievement. Arfa kept the title until 2008 and went on to represent Pakistan on various international forums, including the TechEd Developers Conference. She received Pakistan's highest literary award, the Presidential Pride of Performance from General Pervez Musharraf in 2005. A science park in Lahore, the Arfa Software Technology Park, is named in her honour. At the age of 10, Arfa was invited by Bill Gates to visit Microsoft's headquarters in the United States. She died in 2012, aged 16, from a cardiac arrest.
Biography
Early life
Randhawa was born into an ethnic Punjabi family from Ram Diwali in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan.
Career
After returning to Pakistan from a visit to the Microsoft headquarters, Randhawa gave numerous television and newspaper interviews. S. Somasegar, the vice president of Microsoft's Software Development Division, wrote about her in his blog. On 2 August 2005, Arfa was presented the Fatimah Jinnah Gold Medal in the field of Science and Technology by the prime minister of Pakistan Shaukat Aziz at the 113th anniversary of Fatima Jinnah's birth. She also received the Salaam Pakistan Youth Award in August 2005 from the president of Pakistan. Randhawa received the President's Award for Pride of Performance in 2005, a civil award usually granted to people who have shown excellence in their respective fields over a long period of time; she is the youngest recipient of this award. She was made brand ambassador for Pakistan Telecommunication Company's 3G Wireless Broadband service, "EVO", in January 2010.
Recognition
Upon her return from the US, Randhawa became an icon in Pakistan. She was interviewed by various channels, invited to several international conferences and summits, and received awards from the president and prime minister of Pakistan. In 2006, Microsoft invited her to be the keynote speaker at the Tech-Ed developers conference held in Barcelona.
Representation at international forums
Randhawa represented Pakistan on various international forums and was invited by the Pakistan Information Technology Professionals Forum for a two-week stay in Dubai, where a dinner reception was hosted in her honour; Dubai dignitaries, including the Ambassador of Pakistan, attended. She was presented with various awards and gifts, including a laptop. In November 2006, Randhawa attended the Tech-Ed Developers conference themed Get Ahead of The Game held in after receiving an invitation from Microsoft. She was the only Pakistani among over 5000 developers in that conference.
Death
In 2011, Randhawa was studying at the Lahore Grammar School Paragon Campus in her second year of A-levels. On 22 December 2011, she had a cardiac arrest after an epileptic seizure that damaged her brain and was admitted to Lahore's Combined Military Hospital (CMH) in critical condition.
On 9 January 2012, Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, contacted Randhawa's parents and directed her doctors to adopt "every kind of measure" for her treatment. Gates set up a special panel of international doctors who remained in contact with her local doctors through teleconference. The panel assisted in diagnosing and treating her illness. Local doctors dismissed the option of moving Randhawa to another hospital due to her being on a ventilator and in critical condition. Members of her family have lauded Bill Gates for offering to bear her treatment expenses.
Randhawa began to improve on 13 January 2012, and some areas of her brain began to show indications of healing. Microsoft had discussed flying her to the United States for treatment, according to her father, Amjad Abdul Karim Randhawa.
Randhawa died at a hospital in Lahore on 14 January 2012, aged 16. Her funeral, which was held on the following day, was attended by the Chief Minister of Punjab, Shahbaz Sharif. She was buried in her ancestral village Chak No. 4JB Ram Diwali, on Faisalabad-Sargodha Road Faisalabad.
Arfa Software Technology Park
Arfa Software Technology Park is the country's largest Information and Communications Technology Park located in Lahore. The seventeen-storey building is the first international standard facility in Pakistan. The project started under the name "Lahore Technology Park" before being renamed "Arfa Software Technology Park" on 15 January 2012.
See also
Muhammad Huzair Awan
References
External links
Special Report: Honor to Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa World's Youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP), Arfa Kareem (2 February 1995 – 14 January 2012) Research Project
Video: Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa Died in Lahore Hospital
Special Report: Honor to Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa Interviews & Pictures of Arifa Abdul Karim
Video: Arfa Abdul Karim passed away Exclusive Interview and Photos
1995 births
2012 deaths
Lahore Grammar School alumni
Punjabi people
Pakistani children
Pakistani computer programmers
Pakistani computer scientists
Pakistani women computer scientists
People from Faisalabad
Recipients of the Pride of Performance
Neurological disease deaths in Pakistan
Deaths from epilepsy
People with epilepsy
21st-century Pakistani scientists
21st-century women scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfa%20Karim |
A Canadian passport () is the passport issued to citizens of Canada. It enables the bearer to enter or re-enter Canada freely; travel to and from other countries in accordance with visa requirements; facilitates the process of securing assistance from Canadian consular officials abroad, if necessary; and requests protection for the bearer while abroad.
All Canadian passports are issued through the Passport Program of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Prior to 1 July 2013, Canadian passports were issued through Passport Canada, an independent operating agency of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. Passports are normally valid for five or ten years for persons 16 years of age and older, and five years for children under 16. In 2022, 70% of Canadians had passports, with over 24.6 million passports in circulation. Although held by individual citizens, all Canadian passports legally remain the property of the Crown and must be returned to the Passport Program upon request.
Canada is a member of the Five Nations Passport Group, an international forum for cooperation between the passport issuing authorities of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States in order to "share best practices and discuss innovations related to the development of passport policies, products and practices".
Canada began issuing biometric passports, also known as electronic passports or e-passports, to Canadian citizens on 1 July 2013.
, the Canadian passport ranks eighth in the world in terms of freedom of movement and travel according to the Henley Passport Index.
A new passport featuring more security features and artwork was rolled out in summer 2023.
History
The first Canadian passports were issued in 1862 following the outbreak of the American Civil War, when the United States demanded more secure identification from Canadians wishing to cross the border. They took the form of a "Letter of Request" from the Governor General of Canada. These documents remained in use until 1915, when Canadian passports were first issued in the British format, a ten-section single-sheet folder.
The modern form of the Canadian passport came about in 1921. At that time, Canadians were British subjects, and Canada shared a common nationality with the United Kingdom; thus, Canadian passports were issued to those British subjects resident in or connected to Canada. This arrangement ended in 1947, when the Canadian Citizenship Act was granted Royal Assent and the designation of Canadian citizenship was created. Beginning in July the following year, Canadian passports were issued to Canadian citizens only. However, the first page of Canadian Passports still declared that "A Canadian Citizen is a British Subject", as such was a main clause of the Citizenship Act 1946. This would remain until the Act was overhauled and replaced by the Citizenship Act 1976, after which the phrase on the first page of Canadian Passports was changed to read: "The bearer of this passport is a Canadian citizen."
Between 1947 and 1970, Canadian citizens could only apply for passports by mail to Ottawa. Requirements were simple, and applicants claiming birth in Canada did not have to provide proof of birth. The lax security led to numerous cases of misuse of the passport, so the Canadian Government tightened the application requirements from 1970. That year, the first three Passport Canada offices were opened in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver.
The size dimensions of a closed Canadian passport were originally much larger. This changed in the early 1980s in the lead up to the introduction of Machine-Readable Passports (MRP) when the smaller sized booklet was first introduced.
In 1985, the first version of MRPs was issued, in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization standards. An amended version came into circulation in 1991, with additional security features and more stringent processing requirements. By 1993, a newer version of MRP was introduced, which contained unique features to prevent replication or alteration.
Since 11 December 2001, children have not been included in parents' passports, and passports have been issued for one person only.
In 2002, Passport Canada began to issue an updated version within Canada, which includes the digitally printed photo of the bearer embedded into the identification page of the booklet, holographic images, bar-coded serial number, and a second hidden photo of the bearer that could only be viewed under ultraviolet light. Canadian diplomatic missions abroad adopted this version in 2006. In March 2010, the passport was upgraded to include a new design of the identification page and more anti-counterfeit elements, such as the new colours of Optically Variable Ink and addition of laser perforated number. The cover, watermark, personalisation technique and holographic laminate are same with the 2002 version. The 2010 version was also the last revision of MRP prior to the release of e-passports.
In the 2008 federal budget, Jim Flaherty, Minister of Finance, announced that biometric passports (or "e-passports") would be introduced by 2011. A pilot project began in 2009, with e-passports being issued to special and diplomatic passport applicants. The e-passport roll-out was pushed back to 1 July 2013. On the same day, the issuing authority of Canadian passports was shifted from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), now known as IRCC.
Application and issuance
The issuance of passports falls under the Royal Prerogative. They are issued, in the name of the reigning Canadian monarch (as expressed in the passport note), according to the Canadian Passport Order. This Order in Council specifies grounds for which Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) can issue or renew a passport.
Passport requirements
Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, all Canadian citizens have the right to enter Canada. Since 10 November 2016, under the new visa regulations all visa-free passport holders (except for U.S. citizens and nationals) are required to apply for an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) before boarding a flight to Canada. This means there is now a de facto requirement for Canadian citizens to use a Canadian passport when travelling to or transiting through Canada by air, unless a special authorization is obtained within 10 days of travel.
As the eTA is used for the sole purpose of immigration screening for non-Canadian visitors entering Canada on a temporary basis, all Canadian citizens are automatically barred from applying the eTA. Hence the passport requirement is in place, because a Canadian citizen who travels on a visa-free, non-Canadian passport will be prevented from boarding the commercial flight to Canada unless the passanger can present a valid Canadian passport during check-in. The only exceptions to this rule are for a Canadian citizen travelling on a U.S. passport, as Americans do not need an eTA to enter Canada, or when a Canadian citizen travelling on an eTA-required passport enters Canada by sea, through one of the land ports of entry from the U.S., or holds a special authorization (which is free and available to anyone who has previously held a Canadian passport or Canadian citizenship certificate).
Application
Canadians in Canada can submit their applications in person through a passport office, a Service Canada location, or can submit their applications by mail. Canadians in the U.S. or Bermuda can apply only by mail. Canadians living in other countries or territories are required to apply through the nearest Canadian diplomatic posts abroad. Expedited services (urgent, express and standard pick-ups) are only available through a passport office in Canada.
Guarantor of identity
The Canadian passport issuing system is modelled after the United Kingdom, where all first-time passport applications are required to be "countersigned" by a person who has known the applicant for a minimum of 2 years. Australia and New Zealand have similar policies. The use of a guarantor is to serve "as a security measure in the entitlement process and as a point of departure for the future investigation of statements made on the application form".
Rules regarding the eligibility of guarantors were last updated on 12 August 2013. For passport applicants in Canada, only a Canadian passport holder can be a guarantor. For Canadian citizens living abroad who do not have a Canadian guarantor, a non-Canadian guarantor who works in a licensed profession may be used for application, such as a dentist, medical doctor, judge, lawyer, notary public, pharmacist, police officer, veterinarian, or sitting officer for a financial institution.
Passport fees
The fee (since 1 July 2013) for a standard adult passport issued in Canada is $120 for a five-year passport or $160 for a ten-year passport, and outside of Canada is $190 and $260 respectively. The fee for a five-year passport for a child under 16 is $57 if issued in Canada, and $100 outside of Canada. Additional fees are levied for urgent service or replacement of a lost or stolen passport. All fees are payable in Canadian dollars.
Refusal and revocation of passports
IRCC may revoke a passport or refuse to issue or renew a passport on grounds set out in the Canadian Passport Order, including such grounds as failure to submit a complete application, misrepresentation in obtaining a passport, and criminality. However, whether a Canadian passport may be revoked or refused on the basis of national security concerns has been questioned.
Types of passports
Before 1947, there were two types of passports: those issued to people who were born British subjects (navy blue cover) and those issued to people naturalised as British subjects (red cover).
Today, there are five types of Canadian passports:
Regular passport (navy blue cover) These documents are issued to citizens for occasional travel, such as vacations and business trips. They contain 36 pages (29 pages available for visa labels and stamps). They can be issued to adults (age 16 years and older) with a validity of 5 or 10 years or children under 16 with a validity of 5 years.
Temporary passport (white cover)
These are issued to Canadian citizens outside Canada who require passports but their regular passport application is being processed. This passport contains 8 pages and is valid between six months and one year.
Emergency travel document (single page)
Emergency travel documents are one-use documents issued to Canadians for direct return to their home country, or to the nearest Canadian diplomatic mission where full passport services are offered. The document contains details of the person, photo, travel details and expiry date of the document.
Special passport (green cover)These are issued pursuant to the Diplomatic and Special Passports Order to people representing the Canadian government on official business, including Privy Councillors, Members of Parliament, provincial cabinet members, public servants, citizens nominated as official non-diplomatic delegates and Canadian Forces members who are posted abroad. Since January 2009 special passports have been issued as electronic passports, in preparation of the full implementation of the ePassport program.
Diplomatic passport (maroon cover)These are issued pursuant to the Diplomatic and Special Passports Order to Canadian diplomats, high-ranking government officials (including lieutenant governors and commissioners of territories), diplomatic couriers, and private citizens nominated as official diplomatic delegates. Immediate family members of the aforementioned individuals (except diplomatic couriers) who reside with them may be also issued diplomatic passports. Since 2009, diplomatic passports have been issued as electronic passports, in preparation of the full implementation of the ePassport program. Per the Diplomatic and Special Passports Order, only the Governor General and Prime Minister and their immediate family members may use their diplomatic passports for all types of travel (i.e. official or personal).
Refugee Travel Document (blue cover)
These documents are issued to refugees in Canada in accordance to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Because many refugees are unable to acquire travel documents from their respective state of nationality (from which they have sought asylum) they are eligible to acquire this document so that they might engage in international travel.
Certificate of Identity (grey cover)
These documents are issued to individuals in Canada in accordance to the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. Which grants individuals who are stateless or permanent residents of Canada to obtain a national passport or travel document.
Physical appearance
Regular passports are deep navy blue, with the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada and a Canadian maple leaf emblazoned on the bottom left. The words "PASSPORT•" are inscribed above the coat of arms, with "CANADA" above. and the international e-passport symbol () is located on the bottom right corner. The bilingual cover is indicative of the textual portions of Canadian passports being printed in both English and French, Canada's two official languages. The standard passport contains 36 pages, with 29 available for entry/exit stamps and visas. The size dimensions of a closed Canadian passport are 8.89 cm (3.5") by 12.7 cm (5").
New security features, similar to those on banknotes, have been added with increasing frequency since 2001. Microprinting, holographic images, UV-visible imaging, watermarks and other details have been implemented, particularly on the photo page. As well, the photo is now digitally printed directly on the paper (in both standard and UV-reactive ink); previously, the actual photo had been laminated inside the document.
Data page
Photo of the passport holder
Type (Type): P
Issuing Country (Pays émetteur): listed as "CAN" for "Canada"
Passport No. (Nº de passeport): 2 letters and 6 numbers
Surname (Nom)
Given Names (Prénoms)
Nationality (Nationalité): Canadian nationality marked as "Canadian/Canadienne" in both English and French
Date of Birth (Date de naissance)
Sex (Sexe): "F" for female, "M" for male, "X" for another gender
Place of Birth (Lieu de naissance): the city and three-letter country code are listed, even if born inside Canada
Note: Province or State is required on the application form, if applicable, but is not listed in the passport.
Date of Issue (Date de délivrance)
Issuing Authority (Autorité de délivrance)
Date of Expiry (Date d'expiration)
The information page ends with the Machine Readable Zone.
Signature
From 2002 until May 2015, all Canadian passports contained two signature spaces: one is on the data page where a scanned signature is printed along with other personal details, the other is a blank signature block on page 3. After the applicants have received the passport, those over 16 must also sign in the signature block in ink.
Since May 2015, the passport bearer's scanned signature has not been printed on the data page. Adult applicants, however, must still sign page 3 in the passport book when they receive it.
Sex
On 24 August 2017 the Canadian government announced that it would implement procedures for Canadians who wish to have their sex given as X (unspecified) on Canadian passports, which is one of the three permitted sex designations for machine-readable passports along with M (male) and F (female) specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization. As an interim measure until IRCC became able to print passports with X sex designations, effective 31 August 2017 IRCC offered passports with a note on the Observations page indicating that the passport holder should be identified as X rather than the printed sex designation on the data page. Since 11 July 2019, the X designation has been printed on the data page, although travellers are warned that other countries may insist on a male or female designation.
Passport note
The passports contain a note from the issuing authority addressed to the authorities of all other states, identifying the bearer as a citizen of that state and requesting that they be allowed to pass and be treated according to international norms. The textual portions of Canadian passports are printed in English and French, the official languages of Canada. The note inside of Canadian passports states, in English:
The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada requests, in the name of His Majesty the King, all those whom it may concern to allow the bearer to pass freely, without delay or hindrance, and to afford the bearer such assistance and protection as may be necessary.
And in French:
Passports issued before May 2023 are issued in the name of Her late Majesty the Queen will remain valid until they expire.
Place of birth
The place of birth is inscribed under the following format: CITYNAME UTO, where "UTO" is the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code of the country of birth. The first-level administrative country subdivision of birth, such as the Canadian province (or the U.S. state), is not mentioned as a part of place of birth. So Canadian citizens born in Richmond, British Columbia; Richmond, Quebec; or Richmond, Nova Scotia would have the same inscription as place of birth, RICHMOND CAN (a naturalized Canadian citizen born in Portland, Maine or Portland, Oregon would have PORTLAND USA). Exceptions to this format are listed below.
A passport applicant may request, in writing, that IRCC not list the place of birth (city and country)—or country of birth—on their data page, by filling out PPTC 077. The applicant must indicate his or her awareness that omitting this information could cause difficulties at international entry points or when applying for visas.
Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan
In response to the Chinese government's modification of requirements for the issuance of visas to Canadian citizens born in Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan, Canadian passports issued to Canadians born in Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan are now issued only with the place of birth and not the three-letter country code. Chinese visas will no longer be issued to Canadian passport holders whose place of birth is inscribed as Hong Kong HKG, Macau MAC, or TWN.
Jerusalem and Palestine
Since April 1976, the policy has been that Canadian citizens born in Jerusalem have their birthplace identified only by the city's name, with no national designation, due to the unresolved legal status of Jerusalem. However, Canadian citizens born prior to 14 May 1948 may have their birthplace identified as Palestine if they were born in what was the British Mandate of Palestine (including Jerusalem).
Changes
Official languages
In September 2003, Le Devoir printed a letter calling on Passport Canada to give individual Canadians the choice of which official language appeared first in their passports, English or French. The Passport Office claimed that this was not allowed under international norms, but it was shown that Belgian passport applications asked Belgian citizens which of their country's three official languages (Dutch, French or German) should appear first in their passports.
ePassport
In 2008, Passport Canada announced that it would be issuing electronic passports to Canadian travellers starting in 2012. The e-passport will have an electronic chip encoded with the bearer's name, gender, and date and place of birth and a digital portrait of their face.
On 7 April 2010, Passport Canada announced that in 2012, Canada will begin issuing electronic passports, or ePassports, to all its citizens. Passport Canada states that "the use of ePassports will allow Canada to follow international standards in the field of passport security to protect the nation's borders and maintain the ease of international travel that Canadians currently enjoy. At the same time, Passport Canada will start offering the option of a 10-year validity period as well as the current 5-year validity period."
In September 2011, Passport Canada announced that the electronic passport would be ready by the end of 2012, however this was pushed back to 2013 when the organisation found significant delay because of an increase in passport applications for revised entry policies to the United States in the late 2000s and a lengthy consultation process was needed to survey public reactions to the new passport changes.
All Canadian passports issued on or after 1 July 2013 have been ePassports.
All ePassports are issued with 36 pages as opposed to the previous choice of 24 or 48 pages.
Proposed online application process
In 2015, IRCC (then known as CIC) planned to modify the passport renewal system by integrating the passport issuance platform with its Global Case Management System (GCMS), a consolidated IT system for citizenship and immigration applications. Under the proposed system modelled after New Zealand, passport holders would no longer need to return their old passports to CIC for cancellation, but can instead apply for a new passport online while keeping the old documents before they receive the new ones. Instead of returning the old passports, applicants would be asked to cut the corners of these documents "through an honour system". The new process was expected to be available in November 2015, however the plan was cancelled in October when the use of GCMS for passport applications was temporarily suspended due to numerous security glitches in the system. IRCC permanently suspended the use of GCMS for passport applications in February 2016 following an internal audit. GCMS will not be used for passport applications until all risks, which include "Passport Program business requirements", are identified and secured.
New design
On May 10, 2023, the government of Canada announced a new design for the Canadian passport. Printing of the new passport started in summer 2023 and it became available on June 18, 2023.
Incidents
Misuse
Since its introduction, the Canadian passport has been a favourable target of counterfeiters, criminals and agents of foreign governments. The reasons for such high number of misuses include the relative lax issuance process before 1970, the lack of anti-counterfeit features in early non-MRP versions, and the Canadian passport's high number of visa-free countries. In 2015, a fake or altered Canadian passport can cost as much as US$3,000 on the black market, almost three times higher than fake or altered EU passports.
In 1940, Ramón Mercader, a Spanish national, travelled to Mexico City on a fraudulent Canadian passport to assassinate Leon Trotsky.
In 1961, Konon Molody used a fraudulently obtained passport of deceased Canadian Arnold Lonsdale. Using this identity he engaged in espionage activities in the United Kingdom.
In 1962, three American fugitives who were convicted with narcotics-related charges obtained Canadian passports to escape to Spain. At the same time, Australian government officials also uncovered a Soviet spy ring that was using Canadian passports.
In 1968, James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated Martin Luther King, Jr., used a Canadian passport, which was obtained with a forged baptismal certificate in the name of "Ramon George Sneyd", to temporarily escape capture following his completed assassination. He was in possession of two Canadian passports at the time of his arrest at London Heathrow Airport. Before Ray's arrest, he was able to turn his passport in, which has incorrectly spelled his fake last name as "Sneya", to the Canadian Embassy in Portugal, for a replacement under his correct alias. The arrest of Ray triggered an investigation launched by the Royal Commission on Security in 1969, which recommended much more stringent application requirements and the establishment of Passport Canada offices.
In 1973, Mossad agents killed a waiter in Lillehammer, Norway in the mistaken belief that he was a senior operative for Black September. The use of false Canadian passports by the killers prompted a diplomatic crisis in relations between Canada and Israel, resulting in a commitment by Israel not to misuse Canadian passports in the future. It also resulted in a redesign of the Canadian passport to improve its security features.
In 1997, Israeli secret service personnel again botched an assassination bid while using Canadian passports. The attempt against Khaled Mashal in Jordan resulted in the arrest of the would-be killers. The Foreign Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy eventually received an apology and a written assurance that Mossad would desist from using Canadian passports.
Ahmed Ressam, the Algerian al-Qaeda Millennium Bomber who attempted to blow up Los Angeles International Airport on New Year's Eve 1999/2000, evaded deportation by Canada and travelled freely to and from Canada by using a Canadian passport he obtained in March 1998 by submitting a fraudulent baptismal certificate; he used a stolen blank certificate, filling it in with a fictitious name.
In 2007, a former Canadian bureaucrat pleaded guilty to selling at least 10 fraudulent passports to individuals overseas.
A Russian spy involved in the Illegals Program used a Canadian passport to travel to the United States to deliver payment to Russian sleeper agents. The passport was issued to a man known as Christopher Metsos. However, following the public revelation of the spy ring in 2010, Passport Canada revoked the document, saying it had been issued by the Canadian High Commission in Johannesburg, South Africa to a man assuming the identity of a deceased Canadian child.
While not a case of misuse as it was conducted with secret approval of the Canadian government, six American diplomats were smuggled out of Iran using authentic Canadian passports containing forged Iranian visas in 1980.
Denial of passports to Abdurahman Khadr and Fateh Kamel
In July 2004, Abdurahman Khadr was denied a Canadian passport by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson on the explicit advice of her Foreign Affairs Minister, Bill Graham, who stated the decision was "in the interest of the national security of Canada and the protection of Canadian troops in Afghanistan". The government invoked Royal Prerogative in order to deny Khadr's passport, as national security was not at that time listed in the Canadian Passport Order as a ground for refusal. Shortly thereafter, on 22 September 2004, section 10.1 was added to the order, which allowed the minister to revoke or refuse a passport due to national security concerns. Khadr sought judicial review of the minister's decision to refuse his passport and, on 8 June of the following year, the Federal Court ruled that the government did not have the power to refuse to issue Khadr's passport in the absence of specific authority set out in the Canadian Passport Order, but stated in obiter dicta that if the order were to be amended, Khadr would likely not be able to challenge the revocation. In 2006, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, then Peter MacKay, again denied Khadr's application, this time invoking section 10.1 of the amended Canadian Passport Order.
Section 10.1 was later challenged in Federal Court by Fateh Kamel, whose passport had also been refused for national security reasons. On 13 March 2008, the Federal Court declared section 10.1 of the Canadian Passport Order to be unconstitutional and therefore invalid, though the court suspended its declaration of invalidity for six months in order to allow the government time to amend the order. The federal government launched an appeal at the Federal Court of Appeal and a ruling handed down on 29 January 2009 overturned the lower court decision. The court unanimously agreed the denial of passport service on national security grounds is in compliance with the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, citing the limitation clause (Section 1) as its main decision point. Kamel launched an appeal in 2009 to the Supreme Court of Canada but the court declined to hear his case and thus ended the legality challenge to the Canadian Passport Order. In 2010, Kamel attempted to re-apply for a Canadian passport but was once again refused by the minister on grounds of national security. He sought judicial review but was dismissed by the Federal Court and subsequently by the Federal Court of Appeal in 2013. Kamel did not appeal the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada.
Proof of Canadian citizenship
A Canadian passport serves as the proof of holder's identity and nationality status outside Canada. Contrary to popular belief, however, a Canadian passport itself, be it valid or invalid, is only a prima facie proof of Canadian citizenship. Conclusive proof of Canadian citizenship, as dictated by the IRCC, only includes the following documents:
Canadian citizenship certificate;
Canadian citizenship card;
Birth certificate from a Canadian province or territory;
Naturalisation certificate as a British subject in Canada (issued before 1 January 1947);
Registration of birth abroad certificate (issued between 1 January 1947 and 14 February 1977); and,
Certificates of retention (issued between 1 January 1947 and 14 February 1977)
Although the provincial or territorial birth certificate is accepted by IRCC as valid proof of citizenship, Section 3(2) of the Citizenship Act declares that a child born in Canada to a diplomatic or consular officer or other representative of a foreign country, or an employee in the service of such person, is not a Canadian citizen if neither parent was a Canadian citizen or Canadian permanent resident at time of the child's birth. Such persons may be issued Canadian passports, as their provincial or territorial birth certificate are considered as proof of citizenship. Under the Act, however, they are legally not Canadian citizens even if they hold a valid Canadian passport.
The ambiguity on the enforcement of the Act can create hardship for Canadian passport holders who assumed they were Canadian citizens. Deepan Budlakoti, a stateless man born in Ottawa to Indian parents who were employed by the Indian High Commission at the time of his birth, was twice issued a Canadian passport under the assumption that he was a Canadian citizen by virtue of being born in Canada. His Canadian passport, however, was cancelled after his criminal convictions in 2010 brought the investigation by Citizenship and Immigration Canada, which concluded in 2011 that he was not a Canadian citizen, but a permanent resident. His request for judicial review in the Federal Court, and subsequent appeals up to the Supreme Court of Canada, to recognize him as a Canadian citizen were denied. The Indian government claims that he had lost his Indian citizenship by obtaining a Canadian passport, as Rule 3 of Schedule III of the Citizenship Rules, 1956 of India states that "the fact that a citizen of India has obtained on any date a passport from the Government of any other country shall be conclusive proof of his/her having voluntarily acquired the citizenship of that country before that date". Budlakoti, therefore, is stateless, regardless of the fact that he had held a Canadian passport.
Visa requirements
Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. According to the June 2023 Henley Passport Index, holders of a Canadian passport can visit 186 countries and territories without a visa or with a visa on arrival, ranking the Canadian passport 8th in the world (tied with Greece, Hungary and Poland).
Visa-free access to the United States
Prior to 2007, Canadians could enter the United States by presenting a birth certificate (or other proof of Canadian citizenship) along with a form of photo identification (such as a driver's licence). In many cases United States border agents would accept a verbal declaration of citizenship.
Under the United States Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, since 23 January 2007, all Canadians entering the United States via air have been required to present a valid passport or NEXUS card. Since 1 June 2009, the United States has required all Canadian citizens (16 years or older) to present a passport, NEXUS card, enhanced driver's licence, or Free and Secure Trade (FAST) card to enter the U.S. via land or water.
In most circumstances, Canadian citizens do not require visitor, business, transit or other visas to enter the United States, either from Canada or from other countries. Moreover, Canadian citizens are generally granted a stay in the U.S. for up to six months at the time of entry. Visa requirements only apply to Canadians who fall under visa categories, and they must apply for a visa before entry in the same manner as other nationalities:
E (investors)
K (fiancé(e)s or spouses and their children of U.S. citizens)
V (spouses and children of Lawful Permanent Residents)
S (informants)
A (Canadian government officials travelling on official business),
G (Canadian diplomats working for international organizations in the U.S.)
NATO (Canadians working specifically for the NATO)
Canadians intending to settle permanently in the United States require Immigrant Visas
Canadian students are exempted from the visa requirements if they hold a valid form I-20 or DS-2019 and have paid their SEVIS registration fees, which enables them to travel to the U.S. under F-1 or J-1 statuses.
Lawfully working in the United States
Under the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), Canadian citizens can legally work in the U.S. under simplified procedure, known as TN status, if their professions are under USMCA regulations and they have a prearranged full-time or part-time job with a U.S. employer. Obtaining TN status does not involve getting a physical visa, instead the applicant is required to apply and receive TN status with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at a U.S. port of entry. The TN status is good for three years once approved and can be renewed indefinitely if working for the same employer, however it may be reviewed and possibly revoked each time the applicant enters the U.S. TN status also does not facilitate the process of obtaining lawful U.S. permanent residency and cannot be used to live in the U.S. permanently.
Canadians who want to work in the U.S. with intention to immigrate to the U.S., or who are ineligible for TN status, can also work under the H-1B status. Unlike other nationalities, they are exempted from obtaining the physical visa from a U.S. embassy or consulate. Apart from the visa exemption, other procedures are the same with all foreign nationals.
First Nations
Under the Jay Treaty signed by the U.S. and Great Britain in 1794, all First Nations born in Canada are entitled to freely enter the U.S. for employment, education, retirement, investing, or immigration. In order to qualify, all eligible persons must provide documentation of their First Nations background at the port of entry. The documentation must be sufficient to show the bearer is "at least 50% of the American Indian race".
Foreign travel statistics
According to the statistics these are the numbers of Canadian visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):
See also
Canadian Passport Order
Canadian nationality law
Mobile Passport
Visa requirements for Canadian citizens
Visa policy of Canada
List of diplomatic missions of Canada
Five Nations Passport Group
Notes
References
External links
Official site
History of Canadian Passports
Renewal of Canadian Passports
Passport Guarantors Policy
Travel Advice and Advisories – Global Affairs Canada
Directory of Canadian Government Offices Abroad – Global Affairs Canada
Canadian passport information on PRADO
Canada
Passport
Passport
1862 introductions
Passport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20passport |
Andrzej Trzebicki (23 November 1607 – 28 December 1679) was a nobleman and priest in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Vice-chancellor of the Crown from 1652, bishop of Przemyśl since 1655, bishop of Kraków since 1658.
Loyal to king Jan Kazimierz Vasa, accompanied him during his exile and eventual return in The Deluge. Enemy of Protestants, his influence contributed to the exile of Polish brethren in 1658.
Ecclesiastical senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1607 births
1679 deaths
Bishops of Przemyśl
Bishops of Kraków
Canons of Gniezno
17th-century Polish nobility
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crown Vice-Chancellors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20Trzebicki |
Toula may refer to:
Toula, Batroun a village in the district (Qada') of Batroun in Lebanon
Toula, Burkina Faso
Toula, Zgharta, a village in the district (Qada') of Zgharta in Lebanon
Toula (Vava'u), a village on the main island of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga
Tula, Russia, an industrial city in Russia
Toula Grivas (born 1943)
Toula Portokalos, a character in the film My Big Fat Greek Wedding
Toula, a character from the Australian TV series Pizza | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toula |
Guaimar III (also Waimar, Gaimar, Guaimaro, or Guaimario and sometimes numbered Guaimar IV) (c. 983 – 1027×31) was the Lombard prince of Salerno from around 994 to his death. Under his reign, Salerno entered an era of great splendour. Opulenta Salernum was the inscription on his coins. He made Amalfi, Gaeta and Sorrento his vassals and annexed much of Byzantine Apulia and Calabria.
He was the second eldest son of Prince John II of Salerno. The eldest was Guy, who ruled as co-ruler with his father from January 984 to 988. Sometime between January and March 989, John made Guaimar co-regent. In 994 (also given as 998 or 999), his father died and he became sole ruler.
In 999, a band of Norman pilgrims returning from Jerusalem stopped at the port of Salerno. While they were staying there, the city was attacked by Saracen pirates. The Salernitans were afraid to offer battle, but the Normans were not. Soon their bravery drew out the Salernitans and together they routed the Muslim force. Guaimar promptly offered the Normans numerous incentives to stay, but to no avail. Before they left, however, the Normans promised to spread the word about the need for fighting men in the south.
As a member of the independent Lombard leadership of the Mezzogiorno, Guaimar supported the Lombard rebel Melus of Bari. After Melus's defeat in 1011, Guaimar was paid a visit by the victorious Byzantine catapan, Basil Mesardonites, in October. Later, he sheltered Melus. Guaimar was nominally a vassal of Holy Roman Emperor Henry II, but after the defeat at Cannae in 1018, he discreetly transferred his allegiance to the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. When Henry died in 1024, Guaimar sent an embassy to the new emperor, Conrad II, to plead for the release of his brother-in-law Pandulf IV of Capua, the Wolf of the Abruzzi. Conrad naively complied. Upon his return, Pandulf immediately put his old capital, Capua, under siege, an endeavour in which he had the support of Guaimar and his Normans under Ranulf Drengot and the catepan of Italy, Boioannes.
In 1015, Guaimar made his eldest son by his first wife, Porpora of Tabellaria (d.c.1010), co-prince as John III. In 1018, however, John died. Guaimar then made co-prince his eldest son by his second wife, Gaitelgrima, the sister of Pandulf. It was this son, also named Guaimar, who succeeded him in 1027 at the age of fourteen or sixteen under the regency of Gaitelgrima, who was basically the pawn of her brother Pandulf. Guaimar III's second son, Guy, was made gastald of Capua by his uncle and later duke of Sorrento by his elder brother. His third son, Pandulf, became lord of Capaccio (his daughter Theodora became the second wife of Geoffrey of Hauteville). He had a daughter (probably about 1026) named Gaitelgrima, who married successively the brothers Drogo and Humphrey, counts of Apulia.
References
Gwatkin, H.M., Whitney, J.P. (ed) et al. The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III. Cambridge University Press, 1926.
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016-1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LX Grosso – Guglielmo da Forlì. Rome, 2003.
1027 deaths
Lombard warriors
Guaimar 3
10th-century Lombard people
11th-century Lombard people
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaimar%20III%20of%20Salerno |
Norton David Zinder (November 7, 1928 – February 3, 2012) was an American biologist famous for his discovery of genetic transduction. Zinder was born in New York City, received his A.B. from Columbia University in 1947, Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1952, and became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1969. He led a lab at Rockefeller University until shortly before his death.
In 1966 he was awarded the NAS Award in Molecular Biology from the National Academy of Sciences.
Genetic transduction and RNA bacteriophage
Working as a graduate student with Joshua Lederberg, Zinder discovered that a bacteriophage can carry genes from one bacterium to another. Initial experiments were carried out using Salmonella. Zinder and Lederberg named this process of genetic exchange transduction.
Later, Zinder discovered the first bacteriophage that contained RNA as its genetic material. At that time, Harvey Lodish (now of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research) worked in his lab.
Norton Zinder died in 2012 of pneumonia after a long illness.
References
Further reading
Papers authored by Norton Zinder
Laboratory of Genetics at Rockefeller University
Historical plaque at UW–Madison noting Zinder's contribution to molecular genetics
Biography of Norton Zinder
1928 births
2012 deaths
American microbiologists
Rockefeller University faculty
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Phage workers
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Human Genome Project scientists
Scientists from New York City
Columbia College (New York) alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20Zinder |
Women's softball made its first appearance as an official medal sport at the 1996 Summer Olympics. The competition was held at historic Golden Park in Columbus, Georgia, United States. Final results for the Softball competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics:
Medalists
Participants
Competition format
Eight teams competed in the Olympic softball tournament, and the competition consisted of two rounds. The preliminary round followed a round robin format, where each of the teams played all the other teams once. Following this, the top four teams advanced to a Page playoff system round consisting of two semifinal games, and finally the bronze and gold medal games.
Group stage
The top four teams advanced to the semifinal round.
July 21
July 22
July 23
July 24
July 25
July 26
July 27
Medal round
The loser of 1&2 seed game played the winner of the 3&4 seed game in the bronze medal match. The loser of the bronze medal match won the bronze medal while the winner went on to play the winner of the 1&2 seed game for the gold medal in the gold medal match.
Semi finals
Bronze medal match
Winner advanced to gold medal match. Loser won bronze medal.
Gold medal match
Final team standings
References
Official Olympic Report
1996 Summer Olympics events
1996
Olympics
1996 in softball
Softball competitions in the United States
Women's events at the 1996 Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softball%20at%20the%201996%20Summer%20Olympics |
Rosie Malek-Yonan (b. July 4, 1965) is an Assyrian-American actress, author, director, public figure and activist. Malek-Yonan became a noted pianist at an early age. Having graduated from the University of Cambridge, she settled in the United States, where she pursued a career in music and dramatic arts. As an actress she appeared in well over 30 films and television series, including Up Close & Personal (1996) and Rendition (2007), as well as, among others, Generations, Dynasty, CSI: Miami, JAG, ER and Babylon 5.
She also authored The Crimson Field, a historical novel set in the times of the Assyrian genocide during World War I; the book is one of the most popular pieces of prose among modern Assyrians.
Early life and education
Malek-Yonan was born in Tehran, Iran. Malek-Yonan's father, George Malek-Yonan, was an international attorney in Iran. Malek-Yonan's mother, Lida Malek-Yonan was an activist who launched and presided over the Assyrian Women's Organization which was the only officially recognized charter member of the Iranian Women's Association until the end of the Pahlavi dynasty.
Career
Malek-Yonan is a classically trained pianist, composer, actress, director, writer, documentary filmmaker and activist. She began studying piano at the age of four and while still in her teens, competed in and won many national piano competitions in Iran and attended the Tehran Conservatory of Music. In 1972 after winning a national piano competition in Iran, she was invited by Queen Farah Pahlavi to play at a Command Performance.
Upon receiving her L.C. degree in English from the University of Cambridge, she studied classical piano with Saul Joseph at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, and acting with Ray Reinhardt at the American Conservatory Theater. A graduate of San Francisco State University with two degrees in Music, she won an invitation to study drama at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and the historic Pasadena Playhouse. Her plays have been produced and performed on stage. In 2008 Malek-Yonan's one woman play, An Assyrian Exodus previewed in Hartford, Connecticut. The work is based on true family diaries written during the 1918 Great Exodus from Urmia, Iran. About the production, Janey Golani, of The Assyrian Star writes, "…presentations included those of Ms. Rosie Malek-Yonan which was filled with many emotional attendees who were struck by her performance of "An Assyrian Exodus" a dramatic staged reading based on Rosie's Family Diaries."
Reviewing Malek-Yonan's work as an actor and director, Martin Hernandez of LA Weekly writes, "Superbly acted and directed...Director Rosie Malek-Yonan honed the works to perfection, even down to the fitting choice of songs for transitions and intermission." About her stage directing, Bruce Feld writes, "Rosie Malek-Yonan has done an excellent job directing...top-of-the-line and what might have become a sketch in other hands becomes a poignant episode of universal import...exceptional direction.". In another review, Feld wrote, "Very well directed by Rosie Malek-Yonan...The material is very tricky, but Malek-Yonan handles it with requisite sensitivity, without in any way watering down the heavy conflict...Sparks ignite..."
Malek-Yonan made her television debut in 1983 on Aaron Spelling's television series, Dynasty, followed by a national commercial for AT&T where she spoke in Assyrian. She has since appeared in numerous notable television shows, films and plays, acting in a wide range of roles opposite many of Hollywood's leading actors. She has had recurring roles on Days of Our Lives, Chicago Hope, Beverly Hills, 90210, The Young and the Restless and in 2008 she joined the cast of ABC's General Hospital as Farah Mir. On Star Trek: Deep Space Nine she was Tekoa. She has guest starred on such shows as Generations, Seinfeld, Life and JAG. She played the role of Nuru Il-Ebrahimi, opposite Reese Witherspoon in New Line Cinema's Rendition, directed by Oscar-winning director Gavin Hood. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.
In 2015 Malek-Yonan joined the executive board of the Beverly Hills Film Festival as a consultant.
Human rights activism
Malek-Yonan is an outspoken advocate of issues concerning her people, in particular bringing attention to the Assyrian genocide as well as the plight of today's Assyrians in the Middle-East since the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and its Coalition Forces.
She has candidly criticized the U.S. for failure to protect the Christians in Iraq since the beginning of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In an interview with The New York Times Malek-Yonan said, "Anytime the Western countries go to war in the Middle East, it becomes a religious war…" In the interview she also held Kurdish commanders in Iraq responsible for "depriving the Christians of security in an effort to tilt the demographics in favor of Kurds. The expected result, she said, was an exodus of hundreds of thousands of Christians from Iraq. At least hundreds have been killed. One priest was quartered and beheaded."
On June 30, 2006, Rosie Malek-Yonan, was invited to testify on Capitol Hill before a Congressional Committee of the 109th Congress on religious freedom regarding the genocide, massacres and persecution of Assyrians in Iraq since the beginning of the 2003 Iraq War. Reading from her book, she compared the Assyrian genocide of 1914–1918, as depicted in The Crimson Field, to the current plight of the indigenous Assyrian Christians in Iraq. Her 30-minute testimony and plea to the U.S. government, ultimately prompted Congressman Chris Smith (R-NJ) to travel to war-torn Iraq to witness matters for himself. While in Iraq, after meeting with local Assyrians, he turned in Malek-Yonan's in depth report to U.S. officials in Iraq. One year later, a Congressional appropriations subcommittee voted to send $10 million to aid the Assyrians in Iraq. The complete archived transcript and webcast of the actual Congressional Testimony is available at the website of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Monica Malek-Yonan's documentary film, My Assyrian Nation on the Edge, based on Rosie Malek-Yonan's Congressional Testimony was released September 2006 () in English. The film is released in Europe with French, German, Swedish and Dutch subtitles (). The Australian Premiere was on 7 August 2008, at the Australian Parliament of New South Wales in Sydney.
In 2008, Malek-Yonan addressed the topics of genocide, world peace and in particular the Assyrian genocide in statements presented at the British House of Lords on 12 March and on 24 April at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
On October 5, 2008, Malek-Yonan spoke on behalf of the Assyrian nation in Iraq at a Los Angeles rally held in front of the Federal Building to oppose the Iraq Election Law. She addressed the crowd of demonstrators and the media voicing her opposition at the removal of article 50 and its consequences for the minorities in Iraq in particular the Assyrians. "Democracy in Iraq will fail if it does not treat all members of its society equally under the law." She went on to say, "Assyrians have already paid a heavy price since the beginning of the Iraq War. The liberation of Iraqis must encompass all its citizens, including the Assyrians, and not just the Sunni, the Shi'ites and the Kurds.
Malek-Yonan is a public speaker and is often invited to lecture about the Assyrian genocide. On 24 February 2007, Malek-Yonan was a keynote speaker at an open forum in Anaheim, California, discussing the persecution of the Copts and the plight of Christians in the Middle East. She has lectured at University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Merced, and Woodbury University among others.
On December 20, 2010, Malek-Yonan, was invited by the Simon Wiesenthal Center Museum of Tolerance to speak at a press conference to address the escalating crisis and the deadly attacks on the Assyrians in Iraq. Later in an interview with Fox News, Malek-Yonan described how going to church is a game of Russian Roulette for the Assyrian Christians in Iraq. "They never know when they go to church, if that's going to be the last mass, the last moment of their lives." The press conference was prompted by the 31 October 2010 massacre at "The Lady of Salvation Church" in Baghdad.
Awards
In 2006, at the 73rd Annual Assyrian Convention in Chicago, Illinois, the Board of Advisors of the Assyrian American National Federation, Inc., Malek-Yonan was awarded Woman of the Year.
For her numerous contributions as an actress, artist, director, author and activist, in March 2008, Malek-Yonan was awarded for Excellence in Arts and Entertainment by the Iranian American Political Action Committee (IAPAC).
At the Assyrian Universal Alliance 26th World Conference in Sydney, Australia, Malek-Yonan was awarded "2009 Assyrian Woman of the Year" in recognition of her substantial contribution to advance the Assyrian national cause by promoting international recognition of the Assyrian genocide, her extensive efforts in conveying the needs of the Assyrians to the United States government, and achievements in providing individual service to the Assyrian community worldwide.
In 2014, at the 14th annual Beverly Hills Film Festival, Malek-Yonan's screenplay, The Crimson Field, cowritten with her sister, Monica Malek-Yonan, based on her book by the same title, won the Palme d'Or for best screenplay
Charitable work
Malek-Yonan is a founding member of the Assyrian Cultural and Arts Society that has provided scholarships since 2005 to students at Woodbury University's Design School through an annual Assyrian Design Competition.
In 2009 Malek-Yonan became an ambassador for the Swedish-based organization, Assyrians Without Borders.
Filmography
Films
Documentary films
Television series
Stage credits
Director credits
The Assyrian - a documentary film
My Assyrian Nation on the Edge
Her Master's Voice - co-wrote with Monica Malek-Yonan - Radio Show
The Imaginary Invalid - Gallery Theatre, Hollywood
A Gentleman of Quality - co-wrote with Monica Malek-Yonan - Ivar Theatre, Hollywood
A Matter of the Mind - En Scene Theatre, N. Hollywood
Service Please Hold! (from 8x10) - Theatre Geo, Hollywood
Soft Dude - Theatre Geo, Hollywood
Correct Address - Theatre Geo, Hollywood
The Ties That Bind - Theatre Geo, Hollywood
My Stepmother, Myself - Theatre Geo, Hollywood
Books
The Crimson Field is an historical and literary epic novel, set in Urmia, Iran, Russia and San Francisco, California. It is based on real events and true family chronicles set to the backdrop of the Assyrian genocide of 1914–1918 in the shadows of World War I where 750,000 Assyrians were massacred by the Ottoman Turks and Kurdish tribes in Ottoman Turkey and in the Assyrian inhabited region of Urmi (Urmia) in northwestern Iran. The book was selected as The Assyrian Event of the Year 2005 by Zinda magazine (22 April 2006). It was features in the Winter 2007's fourth issue of MAKE, a Chicago Literary Magazine and chosen as required reading by Professor Ellene Phufas for a World Literature class for the SUNY system (State University of New York) to represent a work about the Christian Genocides in Asia Minor.
References
External links
American film actresses
American people of Assyrian descent
American radio personalities
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Assyrian activists
Assyrian nationalists
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
Assyrian writers
Middle Eastern Christians
Living people
San Francisco State University alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American women writers
Assyrian actors
1965 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie%20Malek-Yonan |
King Broadcasting Company is an American former media conglomerate founded in 1946 by Dorothy Bullitt. The company was owned by the Bullitt family until it was sold to the Providence Journal Company in 1991; it is currently a subsidiary of Tegna as the licensee for its remaining stations. Based in Seattle, Washington, it began with one AM radio station and grew to include a large group of broadcast television and radio stations as well as a cable television network throughout the Western United States.
History
In 1946, Dorothy Bullitt purchased Seattle radio station KEVR, 1090 AM. KEVR had no network affiliation and relied entirely on syndicated programming from service providers such as World Transcription Service, MacGregor Transcription Service, and Fredrick W. Ziv Productions. Due to this, KEVR aired programs such as Boston Blackie, The Shadow, The Lone Ranger, and Calling All Cars, programs the big network radio stations did not have. As a result, KEVR offered independent listening choices that maintained a rather large listening audience, the cost, of which, was supported by commercial advertising sponsors. Although not having a network was a tough proposition, the station prospered under Dorothy Bullitt's guidance.
In the early days, the Ziv Company also furnished syndicated television programming to KING-TV, such as Highway Patrol, starring Broderick Crawford, and Sea Hunt, starring Lloyd Bridges.
Bullitt's radio station later raised its output power to 50,000 watts, the maximum allowed in the United States.
Also in 1947, Bullitt purchased call letters from a fishing boat and changed KEVR to KING.
In 1948, Dorothy Bullitt constructed KING-FM at 98.1 to air classical music, her favorite. In 1949, she purchased KRSC-TV, Channel 5, for $375,000. The call letters of the television station were also changed to KING-TV.
When KRSC-TV first went on the air Thanksgiving Day, November 25, 1948, under other ownership, it was the only television station west of Minneapolis and north of San Francisco. At that time, many considered television a fad and passing fancy. Consequently, making a go of a television station during this time period was a daunting effort.
On 30 September 1948, the Federal Communications Commission announced a "freeze" on the granting of new television licenses (those already authorized were allowed to begin or continue operations). The commission had already granted over 100 licenses and was inundated with hundreds of additional applications. Unable to resolve several important interference, allocation and other technical questions because of this rush, the FCC believed that the freeze would allow it to hold hearings and study the issues, leading to something of a "master blueprint" for television in the United States. With the 14 April 1952 issuance of the commission's 6th Report and Order, the freeze was finally lifted.
Therefore, from November 25, 1948, to December 10, 1953, when KOMO-TV came on the air, KING-TV was the only television station in Seattle, which allowed it to develop a progressive program, sales, and engineering infrastructure. Any stations, coming on the air in Seattle following the 1952 freeze lift, would have the task of developing their own methods. Therefore, KING-TV was ahead of the game when KOMO-TV began operations.
In the beginning, the station had only a few programs to televise. KING-TV's broadcast day began in late afternoon and finished by 10 p.m. each evening.
KING-TV became an NBC affiliate in 1959 after switching networks with rival KOMO-TV.
KING was the first local station in the United States to purchase a two-inch, quad, video tape machine from the Ampex Corporation at the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) convention in 1956. The machine was delivered and put into operation in November 1957.
Soon after buying Channel 5, Bullitt mandated what was one of the first local news operations in the country. She then helped shape it into a news unit that earned a national reputation for innovation and public service. KING-TV also excelled in producing local non-news programming.
"She had a very strong hand in determining policy. However, people called her the 'velvet steam roller,' which was a complimentary term meaning that she always used a kind, gentle hand when dealing with everyone. When Dorothy Bullitt made a suggestion, it was always interpreted as an order. I have never known anyone who had such a handle on what her employees, and the community in general, wanted and needed as Dorothy Bullitt," said Ancil Payne, who joined King Broadcasting in 1960 as an assistant to the vice president of the business division and retired in 1987 as president of the company.
Also in the 1970s, the company expanded, under the leadership of Edward Hewson, into the cable television arena with the formation of King Videocable, which eventually expanded from its Northwestern base to serve around 500,000 customers from the West and into the Midwest.
Dorothy Bullitt remained president of the company until 1961 when she was succeeded by her son, Stimson Bullitt. She served as chairwoman of the board until 1967 and remained active until her death in 1989.
In 1972, Dorothy Bullitt's daughters assumed positions with the company's board of directors. Priscilla "Patsy" Collins took charge of the board, and Harriet Stimson Bullitt became head of the board's executive committee. Payne also became president of the company that year, taking over for Stimson Bullitt, and would hold that position until Steven A. Clifford was named president in 1987.
Following Dorothy Bullitt's death, the Bullitt family decided to exit the broadcasting industry and focus on environmental philanthropy with the Bullitt Foundation; as a result, the company was broken up and its assets were sold off in 1991. On March 2 of that year, Bullitt's daughters announced that they would sell the television assets and the King Broadcasting name to the Providence Journal Company, publisher of The Providence Journal newspaper; the sale was completed the following year on February 25. Meanwhile, the remaining radio stations were sold to various companies; the Seattle radio stations were sold to Classic Radio, Inc., which the Bullitt family retained control over until 1994. The mobile television company was spun off to its own management. The company's cable television systems were included in the sale to the Providence Journal Company and were integrated into their own cable holdings; these holdings were sold in 1995 and have since been absorbed into Comcast.
The King Broadcasting stations were later acquired by the Belo Corporation in 1997 with its purchase of the Providence Journal Company. Belo itself was acquired by the Gannett Company in 2013. Gannett's print and broadcast assets were split into two companies in 2015, with King Broadcasting following the broadcast assets into the newly created Tegna Inc.
The King Broadcasting name lives on as a holding company within Tegna's corporate structure (as is also the case with other companies absorbed into Gannett such as Multimedia and a forerunner of Combined Communications, Pacific and Southern Company). It is still the licensee for the former King Broadcasting television stations, except KHNL, which Belo sold to Raycom Media in 1999, and (for a short while) KGW, which was spun off to Sander Media as part of the Belo acquisition due to Gannett's ownership of the Statesman Journal newspaper in Salem, Ore. Gannett operated KGW through a shared services agreement, an arrangement that was inherited by Tegna. However, KGW was reunited with its King Broadcasting stablemates when Tegna fully acquired the Sander-held stations in December 2015.
Former stations
Stations are organized alphabetically by state and city of license.
(**) - Indicates a station built and signed-on by King Broadcasting.
Television
Radio
Film production
King Broadcasting Company established a subsidiary, King Screen Productions, in 1966, to produce movies, mainly documentary films. The Redwoods, a short documentary produced by King Screen, won an Academy Award in 1968. The company financed Michael Roemer's film The Plot Against Harry, which became famous for having been completed in 1970 but not securing a commercial release until 1990. Although King Screen was sold in 1972, King Broadcasting continued to control the film's rights at the time of the 1990 release.
See also
KONG (TV) (Everett-licensed duopoly partner of KING-TV)
King Videocable
National Mobile Television
Northwest Cable News
References
External links
Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States
Companies based in Seattle
Tegna Inc.
Former Gannett subsidiaries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Broadcasting%20Company |
Edwin A. Buckham is Chief of Staff to U.S. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene. He is a longtime congressional staffer and former lobbyist.
He served as chief of staff to then Majority Whip Tom DeLay from approximately 1995 to 1998. Buckham had run the House Republican Study Committee in the early 1990s, while Tom DeLay was the Committee's Chairman, where Buckham hired Jim Backlin, also of Maranatha Campus Ministries, now Vice President for Legislative Affairs for the Christian Coalition previously run by Ralph Reed. He was a lobbyist for the American Traffic Safety Services Association from 2004-2005.
Buckham is a lay (non-ordained) evangelical minister, who served as an elder of the Washington D.C. chapter of the controversial and politically active church Maranatha Campus Ministries, and later later as a deacon of a small church in Frederick, Maryland.
Abramoff scandal
Most of the $3.02 million in revenues of the U.S. Family Network came from clients of Jack Abramoff. $1,022,729 of that money was then paid by USFN to Buckham and his wife, Wendy, during a five-year period ending in 2001, via their lobbying firm, the Alexander Strategy Group.
In January 2006 Buckham closed Alexander Strategy Group, and left the lobbying business. Buckham said that the company was fatally damaged by publicity from the federal investigation into the affairs of Abramoff.
References
External links
George Loper, "Elections 2000: National Republican Congressional Committee Funds National Right to Life Committee and U.S. Family Network," Loper.org, December 1999.
"GOP group pays $280,000 campaign fine," Associated Press (MSNBC), April 9, 2004.
"NRCC busted for illegal 'soft money' donations," The Carpetbagger Report, April 9, 2004.
"Political Contributions by DeLay Alumni During the 2003-2004 Election Cycle," Tech Politics (CQ Weekly, Federal Election Commission downloaded March 2005.)
American lobbyists
American evangelicals
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Political chiefs of staff
United States congressional aides
Maryland Republicans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Buckham |
Georg Moser (10 June 1923 – 9 May 1988) was a German Catholic Bishop. He was the Bishop of Rottenburg-Stuttgart.
Moser was born in Leutkirch in the Allgäu. After studying theology at the University of Tübingen from 1942 to 1947, he entered the priesthood in 1948. Moser earned his doctorate at the same university in 1962. On 14 November 1970 he was consecrated bishop in Stuttgart, and on 25 February 1975 he became Bishop of Rottenburg (in 1978 the diocese was renamed Rottenburg-Stuttgart). Moser died in Stuttgart at the age of 65 after a long, difficult illness.
1923 births
1988 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Rottenburg
20th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
People from Leutkirch im Allgäu
University of Tübingen alumni
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Moser |
The Southern Football Netball League is an Australian rules football league, based in the south and south eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, for both seniors and juniors.
History
The South East Suburban Football League was formed in 1963 as a merger of the Caulfield Oakleigh District Football League with the East Suburban Football League after a number of its clubs moved to the Croydon Ferntree Gully FL (now Eastern Football League).
When the Federal Football League folded at the end of 1981, the SESFL had twenty clubs. After the addition of all but one of the Federal clubs for 1982, the league had a 16 team A grade, and a 12 team B grade competition. The league twice tried 3 divisions but the idea was later dropped as clubs left or folded.
In a major project in 1991, the league underwent a major revamp of its administration and opted to employ a full-time administrator and staff to manage the league's affairs. The League's administration along with its member clubs undertook a far-reaching corporate planning programme to map out future directions and objectives. The extra manpower allowed the elevation of League and club standards and the improved marketability of attracting the corporate sponsorship that modern football now required to keep the organisation afloat. Much of this work was completed by early 1992 and it was decided that a new name would be required to flow on from the work already achieved. The Southern Football League was adopted to show that a new professionalism was running football in the southern suburbs.
The league had another major change in 1993, when it absorbed the Eastern Suburbs Churches Football Association. The newly merged league began in 1993 with around 50 clubs playing 5 divisions, though this had dropped to 28 clubs in 3 divisions by 2002 due to clubs folding, merging, or moving to other competitions.
In April 1997, the Southern Football Show began on Optus Vision's Localvision channel, covering the weekly news of the league. It moved to Channel 31 Melbourne the following year. This program soon became known as the Southern Footy Show. It later expanded its scope to become the Local Footy Show, covering many Melbourne leagues until 2011.
In the new millennium, the league grew slightly with the addition of the Southern Dragons in 2009, Endeavour Hills in 2011 and Hallam in 2012. The Dragons returned to the VAFA after the 2012 season, but the revival of Carrum Patterson Lakes FC in 2013 after almost 20 years in recess kept the league at 31 clubs.
The 2014 SFL third division seniors grand final was called off after a brawl broke out between players and supporters. The game in which Mount Waverley was taking on Carrum Patterson Lakes. A police spokeswoman said supporters started heckling one of the teams as it left the ground at half-time. A fight broke out and one person was treated in hospital. The game was called off when one of the teams refused to return to the field."
In 2015, acknowledging the netball part of the competition, the league changed its name to Southern Football Netball League. The 2015 season was also a time when the Southern Dragons went into recess.
In 2016 Port Melbourne Colts transferred in from Western Region Football League, and Lyndhurst FC fielded a senior side for the first time.
2017 saw the introduction of women's football.
The inclusion of 3 clubs enabled the league to have 4 men's divisions for 2018.
Premiers
Men's seniors
Women's seniors
South East Suburban FL premiers
Current Clubs (2023 season)
Division 1
Division 2
Division 3
Division 4
Thirds Only
Women's Division 1
Women's Division 2
Previous Clubs
Folded/In Recess
Merged
Moved to Eastern Football League
Moved to Mornington Peninsula Nepean Football League
Carrum Downs Football Club
Moved to Northern Football League
Lower Plenty Football Club
Moved to Victorian Amateur Football Association
Moved to Yarra Valley Mountain District Football League/Outer East FNL
Boronia Park Football Club 1999
Hallam Football Netball Club 2023
References
External links
Official SFNL website
Australian rules football competitions in Victoria (state)
Netball leagues in Victoria (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Football%20Netball%20League |
Woodville is a community in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada. It is located west of Lindsay. The population is 718 (2021).
History
Known in the late 19th century as Irish Corners, the name of the town was changed to Woodville after the completion of the post office under postmaster John Morrison. In 1871 the Toronto and Nipissing Railway was built through the flourishing settlement and in 1878 Woodville became a police village, and incorporated in 1884.
Woodville had a town hall, lock-up, grist-mill, two foundries, a cheese factory, planing mill and sash and door factory, a number of dry goods stores, mechanics' shops, and three hotels. It also had its own brick school house, with two teachers, and two churches – one Presbyterian, the other Methodist. Today, the cheese factory, rail station, gristmill, mechanics shops, and hotels have all been shut down.
Woodville now is home to two restaurants, one variety store, a post office, a curling rink and arena, two baseball diamonds and a newer school, first built in 1923.
Geography
A two and one-half kilometres (one and a half miles) to the east of Woodville is an auction barn which was opened in 1961 by Norman MacIntyre and his family.
The local post office on King St. serves locals with lock boxes.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Woodville had a population of 718 living in 275 of its 295 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 826. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Notable people
Malcolm Bruce Jackson, politician
Billy McGimsie, hockey hall of famer who played for the Stanley Cup-winning Kenora Thistles
Adam Rogers, CFL player
Tom Thornbury, NHL player
James Barker, country musician
See also
List of unincorporated communities in Ontario
References
Former villages in Ontario
Designated places in Ontario
Communities in Kawartha Lakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodville%2C%20Ontario |
When an engine is flat rated it means that an engine of high horsepower rating is constrained to a lower horsepower rating. The engine output in this case will always remain the same, but when atmospheric conditions such as high temperatures and high altitude ("hot and high") reduce the power output of the engine it has more headroom before it falls below the limited maximum output. In some cases the total power output of an engine needs to be constrained because the airframe can only handle a certain force. This is the case with gas turbine engines. Flat rating allows airplanes to operate under more demanding conditions, without the need for extra structural strengthening due to higher peak power output of the engine.
For example, the Garrett AiResearch TPE-331-5 engine originally fitted on the Dornier 228 produces . If the outside air temperature is above 20°C, the airplane's maximum speed is reduced by approximately 10 knots (19 km/h), because hotter air is less dense and thus produces less pressure inside the turbine. The Dornier 228 can also be fitted with the Garrett AiResearch TPE-331-10 conversion of the -5 engine which produces but is limited (flat rated) to only 715. In this case the airplane will be able to maintain its top speed at temperatures above 30°C without the risk of exceeding the airplane's structural limits.
External links
Honeywell Aerospace
TPE 331 Engine Conversions
Dornier 228 Information Center
Aircraft engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20rated |
The Special Engineer Detachment (SED) was a US Army program that identified enlisted personnel with technical skills, such as machining, or who had some science education beyond high school. Those identified were organized into the Special Engineer Detachment, or SED. SED personnel began arriving at Los Alamos in October 1943. By August 1945, 1800 SED personnel worked at Los Alamos. These troops worked in all areas and activities of the Laboratory, including the Trinity Test, and were involved in overseas operations on Tinian.
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Special Engineer Detachment - "Scientists in Uniform" at childrenofthemanhattanproject.org
Manhattan Project | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Engineer%20Detachment |
The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) is a digital humanities initiative involving numerous academic professors and institutions around the world with the stated goal of creating a networked digital atlas by creating tools and setting standards for dynamic, digital maps.
ECAI was established in 1997 by Emeritus Prof. Lewis Lancaster of the University of California, Berkeley, and has held two meetings per year most years from 1998 - 2009 (ongoing), one of which is often in conjunction with the Pacific Neighbourhood Consortium. The initiative is based at UC Berkeley.
The ECAI 'clearinghouse' of distributed digital datasets was developed from 1998 by the Archaeological Computing Laboratory at the University of Sydney, and uses the ACL's TimeMap software.
See also
GIS
Wikimaps
External links
http://www.ecai.org/
Historical Geographic Information Systems Online Forum on Google
Cartography organizations
Geographic information systems organizations
Digital humanities
Historical geographic information systems
University of California, Berkeley
Research institutes in the San Francisco Bay Area
Digital humanities projects
1997 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Cultural%20Atlas%20Initiative |
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. is an American biotechnology company headquartered in San Rafael, California. It has offices and facilities in the United States, South America, Asia, and Europe. BioMarin's core business and research is in enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs). BioMarin was the first company to provide therapeutics for mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), by manufacturing laronidase (Aldurazyme, commercialized by Genzyme Corporation). BioMarin was also the first company to provide therapeutics for phenylketonuria (PKU).
Over the years, BioMarin has been criticised for drug pricing and for specific instances of denying access to drugs in clinical trials.
History
BioMarin was founded in 1997 by Christopher Starr Ph.D. and Grant W. Denison Jr. with an investment of a $1.5 million from Glyko Biomedical and went public in 1999. Seed investors were amongst others MPM Bioventures, Grosvenor Fund and Florian Schönharting.
Business development
In 2002, BioMarin acquired Glyko Biomedical.
In 2009, BioMarin acquired Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Huxley), which had rights to a proprietary form of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), amifampridine phosphate. In 2010, BioMarin was granted marketing approval by the European Commission for 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), amifampridine phosphate for the treatment of the rare autoimmune disease Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). BioMarin launched the product under the name Firdapse.
In 2010, BioMarin acquired LEAD Therapeutics, Inc. (LEAD), a small private drug discovery and early stage development company with key compound LT-673, an orally available poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor studied for the treatment of patients with rare, genetically defined cancers. This acquisition was followed by the purchase of ZyStor Therapeutics, Inc. (ZyStor), a privately held biotechnology company developing ERTs for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders and its lead product candidate, ZC-701, a fusion of insulin-like growth factor 2 and alpha glucosidase (IGF2-GAA) in development for Pompe disease. At its R&D day in October 2010, BioMarin also announced a new program for a peptide therapeutic, vosoritide (BMN-111), for the treatment of achondroplasia.
In 2012, BioMarin acquired Zacharon Pharmaceuticals, a private biotechnology company based in San Diego focused on developing small molecules targeting pathways of glycan metabolism.
In 2014, BioMarin acquired a histone deacetylase inhibitor chemical library from Repligen for $2 million with the intention of advancing work toward therapies for Friedreich's ataxia and other neurological disorders.
In November 2014, the company agreed to the acquisition of Prosensa for up to $840 million; however, the range of treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy failed to attain FDA approval, and development ceased in May 2016.
In October 2019 it was revealed that the group will open an office in Dublin to support further growth through Europe, the Middle East and Asia.
Acquisition history
The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors (this is not a comprehensive list):
Products
As of 2022, BioMarin has six products on the market, each of which is an orphan drug.
Tetrahydrobiopterin (branded as Kuvan) (sapropterin dihydrochloride), a small molecule drug for phenylketonuria, introduced in 2007 as the first medication-based intervention to treat phenylketonuria
Arylsulfatase B (branded as Naglazyme) (galsulfase), a recombinant protein therapeutic for Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome (also called mucopolysaccharidosis type VI)
Iduronidase (branded as Aldurazyme), a recombinant protein therapeutic for mucopolysaccharidosis I
Amifampridine (branded as Firdapse), a small molecule drug for Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (as of 2013 approved in the EU only)
Elosulfase alfa (branded as Vimizim), is the only enzyme replacement therapy to address the cause of Morquio A Syndrome (MPS IVA), which affects an estimated 3,000 patients in the developed world. The disease occurs as a result of a deficiency of activity in an enzyme involved in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism.
Cerliponase alfa (branded as Brineura), is an enzyme replacement treatment for Batten disease, which is a form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. It was approved in 2017.
Valoctocogene roxaparvovec (branded as Roctavian) is an adeno-associated viral vector for treatment of hemophilia A that aims to transfer a working copy of the Factor VIII gene into patients who lack one. It was approved in the EU in August 2022.
Biomarin is working to develop several new drugs.
Controversies
In 2010, BioMarin became involved in controversy surrounding 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP). BioMarin markets a phosphate salt of 3,4-DAP under the name Firdapse. In 2010, BioMarin was granted exclusive licensing rights to Firdapse for 10 years. As a result, the price of a prescribed National Health Service treatment course has increased from $1,987 for the unlicensed drug to $69,970 for Firdapse. The company states that prior to its licensing, there was no guaranteed quality control of the product and no way of formally monitoring for uncommon side effects through the regulatory process.
In 2013, BioMarin Pharmaceuticals was at the center of a high profile debate regarding expanded access of cancer patients to experimental drugs. On the advice of her doctor, Andrea Sloan, a patient with advanced ovarian cancer, requested that the company provide her with access to BMN 673, an unapproved PARP inhibitor drug candidate that had exhibited promising activity in a small Phase 1 clinical trial. The company declined, citing safety concerns. Ms. Sloan eventually received a similar drug candidate from a different company.
In 2015, there was another controversy over expanded access, concerning the supply of a drug on clinical trial to a German child who was suffering from a brain disorder but who was not part of the trial.
In April 2019, the BBC reported that patients who took part in a trial treatment for the drug Kuvan (sapropterin hydrochloride) were later denied access to it. The company was criticised by the NHS and Stephen Hammond MP for patient profiteering. The company commented the following in response: "BioMarin is disappointed that the NHS England has not recognised the value of treating PKU patients with Kuvan, despite more than a decade of positive patient outcomes across 26 countries in Europe, Russia and Turkey"
In June 2019, a Belgian court ordered BioMarin to continue supplying Vimizim to a young girl suffering from Morquio syndrome free of charge. BioMarin stopped providing free Vimizim at the beginning of the year after negotiations with Belgian health authorities regarding reimbursement of the product repeatedly failed. This caused the parents to start legal proceedings to force the company to keep providing the medicine free of charge. BioMarin was ordered in a preliminary injunction to keep doing so until a definitive judgment would be rendered, or until the medicine would be available on the Belgian market at a reasonable price.
References
External links
Biotechnology companies of the United States
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Companies based in San Rafael, California
American companies established in 1997
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1997
Orphan drug companies
Life sciences industry
Biotechnology companies established in 1997
1997 establishments in California
1999 initial public offerings
Virotherapy
Health care companies based in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioMarin%20Pharmaceutical |
Ashley Avery Ambrose (born September 17, 1970) is a former professional American football cornerback for several National Football League (NFL) teams during the 1990s and early 2000s who most recently served as the cornerbacks coach at the University of Colorado. He was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 1992 NFL Draft.
Ambrose was hired as a defensive technical intern for the Colorado football team's 2008 season. In May 2009, head coach Dan Hawkins announced that Ambrose would take over as the wide receivers coach in 2010, but after the departure of Greg Brown, Ambrose took over the defensive backs. From 2011 to 2012, he was the secondary coach at University of California, Berkeley. In 2013, he spent the season with the New Orleans Saints in the NFL as a minority intern. In 2014, he coached cornerbacks at the University of Idaho and moved on to Texas State University in 2015 before being hired by Boise State University in January 2016.
References
1970 births
Alcee Fortier High School alumni
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football cornerbacks
Atlanta Falcons players
Boise State Broncos football coaches
California Golden Bears football coaches
Cincinnati Bengals players
coaches of American football from Louisiana
Colorado Buffaloes football coaches
Idaho Vandals football coaches
Indianapolis Colts players
Living people
Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils football players
New Orleans Saints players
Players of American football from New Orleans
Texas State Bobcats football coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley%20Ambrose |
Old Patesians Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. The club currently play in Counties 3 Gloucestershire North following their voluntary relegation from Regional 2 Severn. As well as the first XV, the club operate two other male teams, a junior programme, with teams starting from under-9, through to under-19 (Colts) level. The club runs a rugby league side under the name, Cheltenham Old Patesians, which play in the West of England Rugby League.
History
The club was founded in 1913 by former pupils of Pate's Grammar School, where the game of rugby union had been played since 1906, hence the name "Old Patesians". The Old Patesians Association was formed in 1947. The club's motto is taken from Richard Pate's tomb, which is located in nearby Gloucester Cathedral. It reads, Patebit tum quod latuit (Latin) meaning, "What is hidden will be revealed." In January 2006 a Ladies side was created and they are now playing regularly in the Spirit of Game development league.
The club obtained its present home ground at Everest Road, Cheltenham in 1975; putting an end to the club's wanderings.
With the introduction of league rugby in 1987, the Old Pats were placed in Gloucestershire One. They were winners of Gloucestershire One in 1991–92 and then the Gloucestershire/Somerset League in 1992–93, they were then winners of the Western Counties League in 1993–94. The success continued in 1997–98 when the club were South West Two (West) League winners. The Old Pats, under a new coaching team, won South West One League in 2000–01 on the final Saturday of the season on points difference as well winning the Intermediate Cup at Twickenham by one point to Blaydon, and lost to Cinderford RFC by a narrow margin in the Gloucestershire Cup final. The juniors won the under-17 County Cup final.
In their first season in the National leagues in 2001–02, after taking a couple of games to find their feet, the Pats finished 5th. The club narrowly avoid relegation in 2005–06 but did win the Cheltenham Combination Cup for the fifth year in a row.
The club established a competitive women's side and affiliated to the RFUW in 2006–07. The club were relegated from the National leagues and lost the Cheltenham Combination Cup to Cheltenham.
In 2013, the club ran a rugby league side under the name, Cheltenham Old Patesians, which took part in the West of England Rugby League.
The club were promoted to South West Premier in 2018-19 but were relegated the same season.
Honours
Gloucester 1 champions: 1991–92
Gloucestershire/Somerset champions: 1992–93
Western Counties champions: 1993–94
South West 2 champions: 1997–98
South West 1 champions: 2001–02
RFU Intermediate Cup at Twickenham winners: 2001–02
West of England Rugby League winners: 2013
South West 1 East champions: 2017–18
References
External links
Official website
Old Patesians RFC – on the RFU official site
1913 establishments in England
Rugby league teams in England
Rugby union teams in England
Leckhampton
Rugby clubs established in 1913
Rugby League Conference teams
Rugby league teams in Gloucestershire
Rugby union in Gloucestershire
Sport in Cheltenham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Patesians%20R.F.C. |
Joanna Catherine Going (born July 22, 1963) is an American actress known for the television series Kingdom, House of Cards, Mad Men and the movie Wyatt Earp.
Early life
Going's father was of Irish descent, and her mother of Italian and French-Canadian.
Career
Going appeared in soap operas in the late 1980s, most notably as Lisa Grady on Another World from 1987 to 1989. She portrayed lead character Victoria Winters in the 1991 primetime series Dark Shadows. She later starred in short-lived television series Going to Extremes and guest-starred on Columbo, Spin City, The Outer Limits and Law & Order.
She starred in a number of feature films. She made her film debut in Wyatt Earp (1994) as Josephine Marcus, and later had major roles in Eden, Keys to Tulsa, Inventing the Abbotts, and Still Breathing. Her biggest role may be in the 1998 film version of Phantoms. In the 2000s, she starred in several television films and guest-starred on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Criminal Minds, and Mad Men. She also appeared opposite Sean Penn in the 2011 film The Tree of Life, her first role in a major motion picture since 2003's Runaway Jury. In 2014, she starred as First Lady Tricia Walker in the second season of Netflix political series House of Cards. She was later cast in the DirecTV series Kingdom.
Going was a guest on Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor podcast on March 25, 2016.
Personal life
Going married actor Dylan Walsh on October 10, 2004. They have a daughter, Stella Haven. On December 15, 2010, Walsh announced he had filed for divorce; the divorce was finalized in December 2012.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Rhode Island
Actresses from Washington, D.C.
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
American film actresses
American people of French-Canadian descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Italian descent
American television actresses
Emerson College alumni
People from Newport, Rhode Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20Going |
The barking owl (Ninox connivens), also known as the winking owl, is a nocturnal bird species native to mainland Australia and parts of New Guinea and the Moluccas. They are a medium-sized brown owl and have a characteristic voice with calls ranging from a barking dog noise to an intense human-like howl.
Etymology
The owl takes its name from its characteristic barking voice. For a short period before 2016, the Red List of Threatened Species referred to this species as the "barking boobook". However, this is not used as a common name in Australia or other English speaking areas in this species' range and has now been corrected to barking owl. The Yanyuwa name for the owl is mulurrku.
Taxonomy
The barking owl was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801 with the binomial name Falco connivens. Latham commented that the species "Inhabits New Holland, but no history annexed, further than that it has a wonderful faculty of contracting and dilating the iris: and that the native name is Goora-a-Gang." The specific epithet is the Latin connivens 'winking'.
There are five subspecies:
N. c. rufostrigata (Gray, GR, 1861) - north Maluku Islands
N. b. remigialis Stresemann, 1930 - Kai Islands. Stresemann described it in 1930 from a specimen collected in 1909. Poorly known, it has been recorded twice more in 1998 and 2010.
N. c. assimilis Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1875 - east New Guinea, Manam, Karkar and Daru Islands
N. c. peninsularis Salvadori, 1876 - north Australia
N. c. connivens (Latham, 1801) - southwest, east and southeast Australia
N. b. remigialis was formerly considered a subspecies of the Australian boobook (N. boobook) but was transferred to N. connivens by the International Ornithological Congress in 2022.
Description
The barking owl is coloured brown with white spots on its wings and a vertically streaked chest. They have large eyes that have a yellow iris, a discrete facial mask and yellow skin on the feet. Their underparts are brownish-grey and coarsely spotted white with their tail and flight feathers being strongly banded brown and white. They are a robust, medium-sized owl long and their wingspan is between . They weigh between [p20]. Size varies only slightly between the male and female birds with the male barking owl being 8-10 % heavier. They are one of only a handful of owl species exhibiting normal sexual dimorphism. In a banding study conducted in the Pilliga forests of northern New South Wales, males averaged with females averaging [p20]. In Australia, the smallest barking owls are found on Cape York Peninsula and the largest in southern Australia.
Distribution and Habitat
The barking owl lives in mainland Australia along the eastern and northern coast of the continent and the southwest areas surrounding Perth, Western Australia. Inland they occupy areas near lakes and waterways or other wooded environments. They also live in drier parts of New Guinea and the Moluccas (Halmahera, Morotai, Bacan and Obi). Once widespread, barking owls are now less common in southern mainland Australia.
They choose to live in forests or woodland areas that have large trees for nesting and foliage cover for roosting. They often reside near river, swamp or creek beds as these features often have large trees with hollows required for nesting and the productivity to support sufficient prey.
The only detailed studies of barking owl home-ranges have been conducted in southern Australia where the species is declining. In northern Victoria, barking owl pairs were found to average a home-range of with little overlap between pairs. Foraging was concentrated within forested areas of each home range. These results are mirrored in the Pilliga forests of northern NSW although there the home ranges were larger, often up to .
Although barking owls are uncommon and sometimes even rare in many suburban areas, they occasionally do get accustomed to humans and even start to nest in streets or near farm-houses.
Behaviour
Diet
The barking owl has one of the broadest diets of any Australian owl. Barking owls hunt in timbered and open habitats but usually rely on trees as hunting perches. Their diet includes prey taken from the ground, the trees, the surface of waterbodies, and directly from the air. In some locations mammals make up the majority of prey biomass with prey sizes from mice and small carnivorous marsupials up to rabbits and brushtail possums around a kilogram or more in weight. Sugar gliders are a frequent prey item. Bats of all sizes are also commonly taken.
In some areas, bird prey items make a sizeable contribution to the diet. Birds up to the size of sulphur-crested cockatoos (~800 grams) and ducks are taken, but many smaller birds are more commonly taken. One frequent prey item is the tawny frogmouth, a nocturnal bird of Australian forests and woodlands. Insect prey items can dominate the prey item count. Beetles and moths are commonly taken on the wing. A range of other insects are also consumed. Occasionally frogs, reptiles, fish or crustaceans are eaten. In summary, if an animal can be detected by a barking owl and it is of its size or smaller, it can be considered as potential prey.[pp8–11, 35-77]
Breeding
The breeding season of the barking owl is from July to September in the north of Australia and from August to October in the south. The nest is formed of decayed debris, usually in the large hollow of an old eucalypt near a river. A clutch of 2 or 3 roundish, dull-white eggs, each measuring , is laid and incubated by the female for about 36 days. The young at first are covered in white down and fledge by 5 to 6 weeks.
Voice
Most people hear the barking owl rather than see it as it has a loud and explosive voice. The main territorial vocalisation is in the form of a double 'hoot', similar in pattern to the other Australian hawk owls. It sounds like a double dog bark that so closely resembles a small dog that it is difficult to tell the difference. The barking owl name is derived from these calls. Males 'bark' at a lower pitch than females, particularly when a pair perform the barking calls together. Barking calls can be varied in pitch and intensity depending on the purpose of the call. Loud barks are given as territorial calls and can be used in confrontations between pairs in adjacent territories. Lower pitched softer barks are often used around the nest or roost areas by the male to call the female for a meal.
Barking owls also have a range of other vocalisations. These might be described as growls, howls or screams and bleating and twittering. Growls and howls are part of a continuum of calls relating to threats, particularly during nesting. The level of the threat, typically determines the level of the call, with the lowest level being a low pitched and soft growl. This is usually a warning note to the nesting partner. This climbs into a louder and higher pitched series of howls, often made while the owl dives at the intruder. At its most extreme, this might be described as a scream.
The screaming of the barking owl is said to sound like a woman or child screaming in pain. Hearings of 'screaming lady,' as it is so nicknamed, are rare and many only hear the sound once in their life even if they live next to a barking owl nest. While screams are usually related to nest defence, some barking owls will make this call in non-nest related situations. Myths surround the events that caused the owl to originally "mimic" the sounds.
Juvenile barking owls have a twittering, insect-like call when begging for food. It is similar to that of other juvenile hawk owls. Female barking owls will often make a gentle bleating sound when receiving food from the male owl. An excited variation of this sound is made during copulation.
Conservation status
Barking owls are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. For example:
The barking owl is listed as 'Threatened' on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988). Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared.
On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the barking owl is listed as endangered.
The barking owl was listed as 'Vulnerable' under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. This listing was transferred to the equivalent schedules under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW) from August 2017.
The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 lists the barking owl southern sub-species as 'near threatened'.
Decline and extent
In the State of Victoria, according to Action Statement 116 issued under the FFG Act: "The Barking Owl is the most threatened owl in Victoria. The population has been estimated to be fewer than 50 breeding pairs (Silveira et al. 1997), though work in north-eastern Victoria (Taylor et al. 1999; ) suggests that this estimate may have been conservative in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Existing records of Barking Owls on the Atlas of Victorian Wildlife database (NRE 2001) are unlikely to give an accurate representation of the current distribution and abundance of the species. Many of these records are dated, occurring in areas where once-suitable habitat has been lost or degraded. Extensive surveys in Victorian forests have shown the species to be rare, localised and mainly found in north-eastern Victoria (Loyn et al. 2001)."
A similar pattern of decline is evident in NSW with surveys in 1998, 2004 and 2008 showing barking owls to be rare in areas that had been assumed to be strongholds. Larger population areas have been demonstrated to be isolated from one another.
In south-western Australia a survey (in the late 1990s) of 100 forest sites found no barking owls.
In contrast (as of 2012), barking owl calls are still a common sound in many wooded parts of Queensland and the Northern Territory, although there have been few recent published population studies/surveys in those areas.
Threatening processes
According to the Action Statement No. 116 made under the state of Victoria, the primary threat to the barking owl is loss of habitat, particularly the deterioration or loss of the large, hollow-bearing trees on which the species depends for nesting. Hollows suitable for nesting for owls do not form in eucalypts until they are at least 150–200 years old. Similarly, hollows are an important resource for many prey species of the barking owl, e.g. gliders and possums. Such trees are not being regrown rapidly enough to exceed expected losses in the next century. The removal of dead, standing trees and stags for firewood is also likely to remove nesting sites for the species. Native prey species such as arboreal mammals and hollow-nesting birds have declined in some areas through clearing of native vegetation, loss of hollows and the impact of introduced predators. These declines may also have contributed to the decline of the barking owl, although in some areas European rabbits have become a substitute prey, and local populations of the barking owl have become heavily dependent upon them. It is not known how the owls will fare through periods of rabbit decline due to climate fluctuations, control programs or disease such as calicivirus. Where poisons are used to control rabbits, secondary poisoning of owls may be an issue.
Mythology
In the early settlement of Australia a screaming noise matching the barking owl's description was credited and told to the settlers by the Indigenous Australians or the Aboriginals as the bunyip. The bunyip was said to be a fearsome creature that inhabited swamps, rivers and billabongs. Bunyips had many different descriptions but most were of an animal of some sort whose favorite food was human women. The cries and noises coming from swamps and creeks at night were not said to be the victims but actually the noise the bunyip made. It is believed by many that the sound is of the nocturnal barking owl and that proves the location, the noises and the rarity of the bunyip cries. It is still not proven though that the barking owl actually started the bunyip story and it could be due to other sources. But it seems that the barking owl will stay as the most likely explanation. Myths surround the events that caused the owl to originally "mimic" the screaming sounds.
References
External links
Audio of a barking owl resembling a screaming woman recorded by Ed McNabb
Owl Pages information
Queensland Environmental Protection Agency (includes audio of a barking owl)
Photos, audio and video of barking owl from Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library
Audio of barking owl from Xeno-canto sound archive
Audio and photos of barking owl from Graeme Chapman's archive
NSW Scientific Committee Final Determination for Barking Owl
The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 species listing
Barking Owl Diet in the Pilliga Forests of Northern New South Wales
barking owl
Birds of the Maluku Islands
Birds of New Guinea
Birds of Australia
Owls of Oceania
barking owl
barking owl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barking%20owl |
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, the owners and operators are responsible to maintain their facilities in accordance with a design-basis that is rooted in laws, including the local building code and fire code, which are enforced by the authority having jurisdiction.
Buildings must be constructed in accordance with the version of the building code that is in effect when an application for a building permit is made. Building inspectors check on compliance of a building under construction with the building code. Once construction is complete, a building must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, which is enforced by the fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire. Lessons learned from fires are applied to the authoring of both building codes and fire codes.
Classifying fires
When deciding on what fire protection is appropriate for any given situation, it is important to assess the types of fire hazards that may be faced.
Some jurisdictions operate systems of classifying fires using code letters. Whilst these may agree on some classifications, they also vary. Below is a table showing the standard operated in Europe and Australia against the system used in the United States.
1 Technically there is no such thing as a "Class E" fire, as electricity itself does not burn. However, it is considered a dangerous and very deadly complication to a fire, therefore using the incorrect extinguishing method can result in serious injury or death. Class E, however generally refers to fires involving electricity, therefore a bracketed E, "(E)" denoted on various types of extinguishers.
Fires are sometimes categorized as "one alarm", "two alarm", "three alarm" (or higher) fires. There is no standard definition for what this means quantifiably, though it always refers to the level response by the local authorities. In some cities, the numeric rating refers to the number of fire stations that have been summoned to the fire. In others, the number counts the number of "dispatches" for additional personnel and equipment.
Components
Fire protection in land-based buildings, offshore construction or on board ships is typically achieved via all of the following:
Passive fire protection - the installation of firewalls and fire rated floor assemblies to form fire compartments intended to limit the spread of fire, high temperatures, and smoke.
Active fire protection - manual and automatic detection and suppression of fires, such as fire sprinkler systems and (fire alarm) systems.
Education - the provision of information regarding passive and active fire protection systems to building owners, operators, occupants, and emergency personnel so that they have a working understanding of the intent of these systems and how they perform in the fire safety plan.
Balanced approach
Passive fire protection (PFP) in the form of compartmentalisation was developed prior to the invention of or widespread use of active fire protection (AFP), mainly in the form of automatic fire sprinkler systems. During this time, PFP was the dominant mode of protection provided in facility designs. With the widespread installation of fire sprinklers in the past 50 years, the reliance on PFP as the only approach was reduced.
Building operation in conformance with design
Fire protection within a structure relies on all of its components. The building is designed in compliance with the local building code and fire code by the architect and other consultants. A building permit is issued after review by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
Deviations from that original plan should be made known to the AHJ to make sure that the change is still in compliance with the law to prevent any unsafe conditions that may violate the law and put people at risk. For example, if the firestop systems in a structure were inoperable, a significant part of the fire safety plan might be compromised in the event of a fire because the walls and floors that contain the firestops are intended to have a fire-resistance rating. Likewise, if the sprinkler system or fire alarm system is inoperable for lack of proper maintenance, the likelihood of damage or personal injury is increased.
See also
Fire prevention
Automatic fire suppression
Occupancy
Building code
Firefighting
Fire test
Listing and approval use and compliance
Passive fire protection
Compartmentalization
Firestop
Intumescent
Endothermic
Firestop pillow
Fire door
Fireproofing
Fire-resistance rating
Active fire protection
External water spray system
Fire Sprinkler
Fire alarm
Fire alarm system
Fire alarm control panel
Fire detection
Manual call point
False alarm
Sprinkler Systems
Smoke Alarm
Hypoxic air fire prevention system
Gaseous fire suppression
Condensed aerosol fire suppression
Fire protection engineering
Flame detector
Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
Notes
Further reading
Huang, Kai. 2009. Population and Building Factors That Impact Residential Fire Rates in Large U.S. Cities. Applied Research Project. Texas State University. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/287/.
External links
National Fire Protection Association (US)
National Fire Sprinkler Association (US)
Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association (US)
Building engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20protection |
Still Breathing is a 1997 drama film directed by James Ford Robinson and starring Brendan Fraser and Joanna Going.
Plot
Con artist Rosalyn Willoughby (Going) in Hollywood and puppeteer Fletcher McBracken (Fraser) in San Antonio have the same dream, which links them to each other. He travels to L.A. to find her, but at first she resists him. The film is set in Los Angeles, California, San Antonio, and San Marcos, Texas.
Cast
Lou Rawls as The Tree Man
Brendan Fraser as Fletcher McBracken
Joanna Going as Rosalyn Willoughby
Steven Lambert as Man in Alley
Chao Li Chi as Formosa Bartender
Ann Magnuson as Elaine
Paolo Seganti as Tomas De Leon
Wendy Benson-Landes as Brigitte
AJ Mallett as Little Boy in Dream
Katie Hagan as Little Girl in Dream
Celeste Holm as Ida, Fletcher's Grandmother
Toby Huss as Cameron
Jeff Schweickert as Slammin' Sammy
Bill Gundry as Man With Painting
Angus Macfadyen as Philip
Liz Mamana as Slightly Elegant Girl
Release
The film premiered at the South By Southwest Film Festival on March 15, 1997. The film was later screened at festivals in Chicago and Montreal that same year, before receiving an American theatrical release on May 1, 1998.
References
External links
Official Website
Amazon.com listing
1997 films
1998 films
American romantic comedy-drama films
1990s romantic comedy-drama films
Puppet films
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in San Antonio
Films shot in Texas
1997 comedy films
1998 comedy films
Films about con artists
Films about dreams
1990s English-language films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Breathing%20%28film%29 |
Douglas 'Dougie' Campbell Thomson (born 24 March 1951) is a Scottish musician, born in Glasgow and raised in the Rutherglen area of the city. He was the bass guitarist of progressive rock band Supertramp during much of the Seventies and Eighties.
Career
Thomson's musical career began in August 1969, when he joined a local Glaswegian band "The Beings".
In September 1971 he joined The Alan Bown Set where he briefly worked with future Supertramp colleague, John Helliwell. In February 1972, Thomson auditioned for Supertramp, and ended up playing several gigs as a temporary stand-in.
In 1973, Thomson permanently joined Supertramp and helped in the business management with Dave Margereson; he also persuaded John Helliwell to join the band.
Thomson played with Supertramp on all of their most famous albums: Crime of the Century, Crisis? What Crisis?, Even in the Quietest Moments..., Breakfast in America, Paris, ...Famous Last Words..., Brother Where You Bound and Free as a Bird.
On the back cover of Breakfast in America was a photograph showing Thomson reading the Glasgow Herald.
Thomson was a member of Supertramp until the band went on hiatus in 1988; He didn’t return to the band once the hiatus ended. Dougie Thomson played a Music Man StingRay, a Rickenbacker 4001 and a Fender Jazz Bass during his time with Supertramp.
He has since become a publisher in the music business, creating Trinity Publishing, and worked with a Chicago, Illinois management company.
Thomson has four children, Laura, James, Kyle and Emma. Kyle Thomson played one game of football for Scottish football club Greenock Morton in 2018.
Thomson is the older brother of Ali Thomson.
References
External Links
1951 births
Living people
Scottish bass guitarists
Supertramp members
Musicians from Glasgow
People from Rutherglen
Scottish expatriates in the United States
People from Park Ridge, Illinois
The Alan Bown Set members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dougie%20Thomson |
National Mobile Television (NMT) was a Los Angeles-based television broadcasting industry corporation that operated a fleet of mobile television units.
Then known as Northwest Mobile Television, NMT was founded by Stan Carlson and Stimson Bullitt in 1968 and operated as a division of the King Broadcasting Company in Seattle, Washington. In 1992 when King was sold to the Providence Journal, NMT was spun off as an independent entity. It was acquired by Oaktree Capital Management in 1997.
On March 23, 2009 NMT went into receivership and closed its doors.
See also
Outside broadcasting
References
External links
Official website—
Television companies of the United States
Entertainment companies based in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Mass media companies established in 1968
Companies disestablished in 2009
Oaktree Capital Management media holdings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Mobile%20Television |
Kanakagiri (also known as Suvarnagiri) is a town in Karnataka state of India. It was a provincial capital of the Mauryan Empire and later became the capital of the Nayaka dynasty who were the Palegars (feudatory) of the Vijayanagara Empire.
It is also the site of the historical site Kanakachalapathi Temple (Kanakachalapathi Mandir) which was built by the Nayakas.
Geography
Kanakagiri is situated in Koppal district, 20 km northwest of the town of Gangavati in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Temple
Kanakachalapathi temple was built by the Nayakas of Kanakgiri. Its halls and pillars are a unique example of south Indian architecture from the Vijayanagara period. The gopuras and walls are adorned with sculptures, including statues of Rajas and Ranis in black polished stone, plaster models, and wooden statues of mythological figures.
Kanakagiri Jain tirth is a complex of Jain temple built by Western Ganga Dynasty in the 5th or 6th century.
A royal bath constructed by Raja Venkatappa Nayaka in 1586 sits on the outskirts of Kanakgiri.
Fort
Hemagudda Fort, about 20 km from Kanakagiri is next to the Kammatadurga Fort of Gandugali Kumara Rama. The fort was constructed in the 14th century. The fort has a temple of Durga Devi celebrating Dasara.
Utsav
Kanakagiri Utsav is an annual fair associated with the Kanakachalapathi temple during Phalguna.
Gallery
See also
Kanakagiri Jain Shri kshetra
Temples of North Karnataka
Vijayanagara Empire
List of Vijayanagara era temples in Karnataka
Vijayanagara architecture
Mauryan Empire
Hampi
Anegondi
Karatagi
Gangavathi
Koppal
Karnataka
References
Cities and towns in Koppal district
Tourism in Karnataka
Hindu temples in Koppal district
Vijayanagara Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanakagiri |
Joseph A. Moore (born July 22, 1958) is a former Chicago politician. Moore was first elected to Chicago City Council as the alderman for the 49th ward, which includes the majority of Rogers Park and portions of West Ridge, in 1991. Moore won re-election six times, before losing to challenger Maria Hadden in 2019.
Education and early career
Moore was born in Chicago in 1958 and later moved to Evanston, where he graduated from Evanston Township High School in 1976. He graduated from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois with a B.A in 1980 and earned a J.D. from DePaul University College of Law in 1984. From 1984 to 1991, Moore worked as an attorney in the City of Chicago's Department of Law, first in the department's Appeals Division and later in the department's Affirmative Litigation Division, where he worked to recover millions of dollars on behalf of the City's taxpayers.
1991 aldermanic election campaign
On November 6, 1990, 49th ward alderman David Orr was elected Cook County Clerk, creating a vacancy in the Chicago City Council until the 1991 municipal elections. Chicago's Mayor appoints replacements to fill short-term vacancies in the City Council. Orr supported Moore as his replacement. Mayor Richard M. Daley appointed Robert Clarke, a law associate of Illinois State Representative Lee Preston, the 49th ward Democratic committeeman. Moore was among the challengers to Clarke in the February, 1991 municipal elections. No candidate received a majority of the votes, requiring a run-off between the top two, Moore and Clarke, in April, 1991. Orr was Moore's campaign chairman. On April 2, 1991, Moore was elected alderman. Of eight incumbent alderman who were originally appointed by Daley to fill vacancies, Clarke was the only one to fail to win re-election that year.
Chicago City Council (1991-2019)
Moore won re-election in 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 and in 2015. In 2019, Moore lost election to Maria Hadden.
He was chairman of the City Council Committee on Housing and Real Estate, which oversees City housing policy and all transactions involving City-owned real estate. Moore also served most recently on the following City Council committees: Budget and Government Operations; Education and Child Development; Finance; Health and Environmental Protection; Human Relations; Special Events, Cultural Affairs and Recreation; and Rules and Ethics.
Community Policing and Crime Reduction
Moore was a pioneer in the effort to bring community policing to Chicago. The Chicago community policing strategy involves residents and other City agencies working together to prevent crime and improve the quality of life in all of Chicago's neighborhoods. Under his leadership, the 49th Ward was selected as one of the first areas of the city to host a community policing pilot project, which resulted in a 54% reduction in serious crime over a 20-year period. Additionally, from January 1, 2013 to February 26, 2013, the 24th Police District, which includes Rogers Park and the adjacent Chicago neighborhood of West Ridge, was the only of Chicago's 22 police districts in which no one was shot. Overall, Chicago Police Department data shows the rate of all reported crimes in the 49th Ward has decreased by 48% between 2003 and 2018, 4% more than the overall decline in crime across the entire city of Chicago during the same period.
Living Wage and Community Business Growth
Moore gained national renown as a leader in the fight for living wages when he sponsored the landmark 2006 Chicago Big Box Ordinance, which required large retail stores to pay their employees a wage sufficient to keep a family of four out of poverty. The ordinance was a precursor to Chicago's minimum wage ordinance, which guarantees all workers in Chicago a wage of at least $13 an hour indexed to inflation.
Moore has also made it a priority to encourage entrepreneurs to open up new restaurants and businesses in his Ward. In 2007 Moore launched an initiative dubbed "follow me on Fridays" in which Moore encourages his constituents to join him at a local restaurant, pub, or festival twice a month after work on a Friday to promote local businesses and entrepreneurs in his Ward. The events have grown in popularity and have facilitated a recent surge in private business growth in Roger's Park.
Participatory Budgeting
Moore became the first elected official in the United States to introduce a democratic budget allocation procedure known as participatory budgeting. Each year since 2009, Moore has turned over $1 million of his discretionary capital budget to a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making in which his constituents decide through direct vote how to allocate his budget. Moore's participatory budgeting model has since been adopted by eight of his Chicago City Council colleagues, as well as in 16 other U.S. cities, including New York City, Seattle, Boston, San Francisco and Vallejo, California. Over the past 9 years the 49th Ward constituents have voted to allocate Moore's discretionary capital budget to a wide array of projects ranging from resurfacing alleys and streets to beautifying the neighborhood through the creation of murals and planting of trees throughout the neighborhood.
Affordable Housing
In 2016, Moore worked with a private developer and the CHA to construct 65 units of affordable housing and 46 market rate units above a new Target on North Sheridan Road. In 2017, Moore helped a developer secure City of Chicago Low Income Housing Tax Credits to build 54 affordable housing units on top of 3,300 square feet of retail storefront space at Clark and Estes. In 2018, Moore convinced the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) to purchase Levy House at 1221 W. Sherwin, thus preserving 56 units affordable senior housing.
Moore has actively opposed an elected school board in City Council, maneuvering to block a ballot measure.
Despite 49th ward residents voting overwhelmingly to freeze charter school expansion, Moore has ignored his constituents and continued to push for more charters as he collects campaign donations from Charter operators.
Rogers Park's schools have suffered under Moore, to the point of Gale Elementary's major issue with lead contamination Since 1993, only $81.5 million for improvements to Roger's Park schools have been allocated by CPS, including modernization efforts at Sullivan High School, and a $5 million investment for a new roof at Kilmer School.
Community Outreach and Annual Events
Throughout his time as Alderman, Moore has overseen the creation of a number of annual events held in Rogers Park. One the oldest of these annual events is the Rogers Park Back to School Picnic which is held on the last Sunday of every August. The picnic has grown considerably since its founding in 1991 to include activities directed at a wide audience such as face painting, live music, bingo, and bouncy castles in addition to free food and school supplies.
Also founded by Moore, is the 49th Ward Annual Spring Clean-up and Taste of Roger's Park. Normally held on the Saturday before Earth Day, the annual clean-up brings together volunteers from across the neighborhood who either choose clean-up and/or beautification projects they wish to undertake or are directed by Alderman's office to areas of the Ward that need cleaning. At the end of the day participants are then given free food from restaurants around the ward to help promote local business growth.
Additionally Moore has also overseen the creation and implementation of several other annual (sometimes biannual) events listed in the table below.
National Recognition
During Moore's tenure, Rogers Park and Alderman Moore himself have garnered national recognition and attention. In 2008, John Nichols, Washington, D.C. correspondent for The Nation, blogging on The Nation website, named Moore "Most Valuable Local Official." Also, In its July 2016 cover story, Time included Participatory Budgeting (pioneered by Moore) as one of the "240 reasons to celebrate America right now." Additionally, a national real estate website named Rogers Park as the top neighborhood in Chicago and one of the top neighborhoods in the nation for "living well." The website, Trulia, conducted a survey of 877 neighborhoods across the U.S., and named Rogers Park the 11th best neighborhood to live in the nation for staying active and healthy, ahead of all other Chicago neighborhoods.
In addition to serving as Alderman of the 49th Ward, Moore is a former chair of the Board of Directors of the Democratic Municipal Organization, a national association of elected municipal officials, with offices in his home in Rogers Park. Moore's wife, Barbara, is the Executive Director.
Foie gras ban
Moore was the chief sponsor of an ordinance banning the sale of foie gras in Chicago. After much publicity, the ordinance passed overwhelmingly but was repealed overwhelmingly. Moore was honored in February, 2007 by the Humane Society of the United States for his leadership on the issue of cruelty to animals. Moore's support of this issue was the subject of many widespread and derisive comments. National news organizations covered the story from many angles, some hospitable and some hostile.
Electoral history
References
External links
Citizens for Joe Moore, website of an Illinois political action committee
Chicago Reader Blogs: Clout City, May 1, 2007, accessed December 5, 2012
Alderman Joe Moore at the Chicago Reader
Joseph A. Moore News Updates and Coverage at the Chicago Tribune
Joe Moore segments on WTTW Chicago Tonight
Chicago City Council members
Illinois Democrats
Living people
1958 births
21st-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Moore%20%28politician%29 |
Schleich is a German producer of hand painted toy figurines and accessories. The company is headquartered in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany. In 2020, the group employed 440 people and generated sales of 188.7 million euros. Half of the sales are generated outside of the German domestic market, and Schleich branded play figurines and playsets are sold in over 60 countries. In 2022, the company sold a total of approximately 40 million figurines.
History
In 1935, Friedrich Schleich (1900-1978) founded Schleich in Stuttgart as a supplier of plastic parts. In the 1950s, the company became known as Schleich Figuren, producing bendable plastic figurines for the first time. In the 1960s, the company focused on producing licensed toy figurines (merchandising). This included the development, production and marketing of comic figurines such as Snoopy, Maya the Bee, Mickey Mouse and the Smurfs. Especially with their Smurfs figurines, the company became widely recognised as a toy supplier.
In 1977, Friedrich Schleich sold the company. Until the end of 2006, Franz-Ulrich Köster, Klaus Schwarz and Paul Kraut senior were shareholders of the company. In the 1980s, Schleich shifted its focus from comic figurines to produce more detailed true to life animal figurines, but also started to produce Muppet characters.
When the three shareholders retired in 2006, Paul Kraut junior took over the management of the company, while the British investment company HG Capital invested 165 million euros and acquired 80% of the shares of the company. In 2013, Thomas van Kaldenkerken followed Kraut as CEO. After restructuring the company, van Kaldenkerken handed over the management in 2015 to Dirk Engehausen. Upon his arrival, the company's annual sales doubled from 2015 to 2020. The reason for this was, among other things, the expansion abroad. By 2015, around 80% of sales were generated in Germany; by 2020, that figure was just under 50%. The company grew primarily in the U.S., France, and the U.K.
In 2014, French investment company Ardian acquired Schleich for a price of 220 million euros. In 2016, to tap the American market, the toy maker acquired licenses to produce Peanuts as well as Justice League heroes such as Superman and Batman. Since mid-2019, the company belongs to Swiss based Partners Group.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, Schleich continued to increase its sales despite difficulties in its global supply chains. In 2023, Schleich introduced figurines for the Harry Potter book and film series.
Corporate structure
Schleich is headquartered in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany. In 2020, the group employed 440 people and generated sales of 188.7 million euros. Half of sales are generated outside of the German domestic market, and Schleich branded play figurines and playsets are sold in over 60 countries. In 2022, the company sold a total of approximately 40 million figurines. Schleich GmbH is the seventh largest toy supplier in Germany, behind Lego, Playmobil, Hasbro, Mattel, Simba-Dickie, and Ravensburger.
Revenue
Source: Bundesanzeiger
Products
Schleich produces lifelike and authentic figurines from various types of plastic using injection moulding. Starting in 2003, Schleich expanded its products to include playsets and other accessories, such as fantasy figurines. The toys and playsets are marketed with the help of play scenarios.
In the past, Schleich has licensed brands including Marvel, DC, Disney and Peanuts. The first major success for Schleich was JOPO, which were bendy figurines with long legs. From there, they met success with their first launch of smurf figurines. Since then, they have worked with different brands to portray characters as figurines.
Product lines
The line of figurines includes nine major brands owned by Schleich (as of 2023) and other figurines: Wild Life, Farm World, Horse Club, Sofie's Beauties, Dinosaurs, Bayala, Eldrador Creatures, The Smurfs and Harry Potter.
Design, production and materials
The design of products and the creation of tooling is mostly in-house. Production is at the German headquarters and in production facilities in foreign countries. When a figurine is manufactured, a digital model is first made on the computer, followed by a resin prototype. From this, a mould is made for the injection moulding machine. The figurines are then cast and hand painted at various locations in China, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Tunisia, Bosnia, and Romania. Schleich toys are made of different plastics, like polyvinyl chloride, so that the products are bite-, scratch- and saliva-resistant. They also add a softener developed by BASF called Hexamoll DINCH. These materials comply with the European Toy Directive 2009/48/EC and DIN EN 71.
Sustainability
All of Schleich's products and packaging are being optimised and certified according to the principles of the cradle-to-cradle circular economy. Further, since 2023 consumers have been able to return their Schleich figurines to the toy manufacturer for recycling. So far, only a few figurines have been returned. According to a survey conducted by Schleich in February 2023, the reason for this is that the figurines are rather passed on to friends, neighbours or the next generation.
Sites
Schleich produces its figurines and playsets in Germany, Portugal, Romania, Moldova, Vietnam, Tunisia and China. In addition to its headquarters in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schleich has locations in Munich, Amsterdam (Netherlands), Lyon (France), Milan (Italy), London (United Kingdom), Prague (Czechia), Charlotte (United States) and Tokyo (Japan).
After previous success, in 2019 Schleich began partnerships with major toy retailers in various locations in the United States, creating in-store Schleich flagship stores. The first of these were in Beverly Hills and San Mateo (California), and Kingston (Massachusetts).
Notes
External links
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Manufacturing companies established in 1935
German brands
Toy companies of Germany
Figurine manufacturers
Toy companies established in 1935
German companies established in 1935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleich |
Christine Becker was a member of the first United States women's sabre team to ever win the World Championship title (2000).
Becker is a member of the U.S. National women's sabre team, and president of the Oregon Fencing Alliance. She is coached by U.S. National coach Ed Korfanty.
References
American female sabre fencers
Sportspeople from Oregon
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine%20Becker |
Sunday NFL Countdown (branded as Sunday NFL Countdown presented by Snickers for sponsorship reasons) is an American pre-game show broadcast by ESPN as part of the network's coverage of the National Football League. The program is broadcast on Sunday mornings throughout the regular season, featuring segments highlighting news from around the league, as well as previews and analysis of the day's games. The program debuted as NFL GameDay in 1985, then was renamed as NFL Countdown in 1996, and Sunday NFL Countdown in 1998 to disambiguate it from its Monday night counterpart Monday Night Countdown. During the NFL playoffs, editions of the show are titled as Postseason NFL Countdown.
Format and history
It is very similar to The NFL Today on CBS and Fox NFL Sunday, which airs on Fox. The show's former names include NFL GameDay from 1985 to 1995, NFL Countdown from 1996 to 1997, and since 1998, Sunday NFL Countdown (to demarcate from the Monday night version of the series). In 2006, the program introduced new graphics and a new logo to resemble the network's Monday Night Football logo.
Chris Berman was the studio host from 1986–2016, succeeding Bob Ley. Jack Youngblood was the first analyst. In 1987, he was replaced by Pete Axthelm and Tom Jackson.
The show's awards include seven Sports Emmy Awards for Outstanding Weekly Show (1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2003, and 2006 seasons) and five CableACE Awards (1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 seasons).
In February 2007, ESPN confirmed an earlier report in the Dallas Morning News that Michael Irvin would not be brought back to the show or to the network. On March 12, ESPN confirmed on its website that Michael Irvin's former teammate, Emmitt Smith would fill Irvin's chair, but that arrangement only lasted one season. Keyshawn Johnson also joined the network and has served as an analyst for Countdown, among other programs.
On September 7, 2014, which was the 35th anniversary of ESPN's launch, Sunday NFL Countdown debuted a brand-new studio inside Digital Center 2 of ESPN's main facilities in Bristol. With it, came a new logo and also, a new graphics package similar to that of SportsCenter. Like SportsCenter, a Helvetica font is used, but with the lower-thirds having white text on a black background, as opposed to black text on a white background. Starting September 8, every NFL show produced at ESPN now shares its new graphics, new logo, and a new set (except Monday Night Countdown, which itself shares the same graphics package and theme music as Monday Night Football).
On September 13, 2015, Sunday NFL Countdown was shortened from 3 hours to 2 hours, due to a new Sunday edition of NFL Insiders being aired in the 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. ET time slot. Therefore, Sunday NFL Countdown was moved down an hour to 11 a.m. ET. On September 10, 2017, Sunday NFL Countdown moved back to the 10 a.m. ET time slot and became a 3-hour program once again, resulting in the cancellation of NFL Insiders: Sunday Edition after 2 seasons.
The show usually originates from Bristol, but it originates in the city hosting the Super Bowl for its Super Bowl edition. On November 20, 2016, the show originated from Mexico City, which was hosting the Monday Night Football game the following night between the Houston Texans and Oakland Raiders. In January 2017, ESPN announced that Berman would leave the show at the end of the 2016-17 season, ending his 31-year tenure as host of this program. Berman was replaced with Samantha Ponder, who had previously co-hosted and contributed to College GameDay from 2012–2016.
On September 13, 2020, Sunday NFL Countdown moved from Bristol to the network's South Street Seaport studios in New York City. Its sister Monday night show followed the next day. Both Sunday NFL Countdown and Monday Night Countdown now share the same studio with another ESPN show, First Take.
Controversy
On July 14, 2003, ESPN announced that Rush Limbaugh would be joining the show as a weekly commentator when it premiered on September 7. Limbaugh would provide the "voice of the fan" and was supposed to spark debate on the show. On September 28, Limbaugh commented about Donovan McNabb, the quarterback of the Philadelphia Eagles:
"Sorry to say this, I don't think he's been that good from the get-go. I think what we've had here is a little social concern in the NFL. The media has been very desirous that a black quarterback do well. There is a little hope invested in McNabb, and he got a lot of credit for the performance of this team that he didn't deserve. The defense carried this team."
On October 1, 2003, less than one week after that comment, Limbaugh resigned from ESPN. The following Sunday on air Tom Jackson said about Limbaugh:
"Let me just say that it was not our decision to have Rush Limbaugh on this show. I've seen replay after replay of Limbaugh's comments with my face attached as well as that of my colleagues, comments which made us very uncomfortable at the time, although the depth and the insensitive nature of which weren't fully felt until it seemed too late to reply. He was brought here to talk football, and he broke that trust. Rush told us the social commentary for which he is so well known would not cross over to our show, and instead, he would represent the viewpoint of the intelligent, passionate fan. Rush Limbaugh was not a fit for NFL Countdown."
Personalities
Current
Main Panelists
Samantha Ponder: (Host, 2017–present)
Rex Ryan: (Analyst, 2017–present)
Randy Moss: (Analyst, 2016–present)
Alex Smith: (Analyst, 2023–present)
Tedy Bruschi: (Analyst 2019–present)
Field Reporters
Jeff Darlington: (Correspondent, 2016–present)
Dan Graziano: (Correspondent, 2017–present)
Kimberley A. Martin: (Correspondent, 2020–present)
Sal Paolantonio: (Correspondent, 1995–present)
Ed Werder: (correspondent, 1998–2016; 2019–present)
NFL Insiders
Adam Schefter: (2009–present)
Former
Josina Anderson: (Correspondent, 2011–2019)
Pete Axthelm: (analyst, 1987–1990)
Chris Berman: (studio host, 1986–2016)
Frank Caliendo: (contributor, 2012–2018)
Cris Carter: (analyst, 2008–2015)
Trent Dilfer: (analyst, 2016)
Mike Ditka: (analyst, 2006–2015)
Josh Elliott: (correspondent, 2006–2010)
Greg Garber: (correspondent, 1991–2017)
Matt Hasselbeck: (analyst, 2016–2022)
Merril Hoge: (analyst, 2012–2014)
Michael Irvin: (analyst, 2003–2006)
Tom Jackson: (analyst, 1987–2015)
Ron Jaworski: (contributor, 1990–2005) (analyst, 2006; 2012–2014)
Keyshawn Johnson (analyst, 2007–2015)
Jim Kelly: (analyst, 1998–2000)
Andrea Kremer: (contributor, 1989–2005)
Ray Lewis: (analyst, 2013–2015)
Bob Ley: (studio host, 1985)
Rush Limbaugh: (analyst, 2003)
Kenny Mayne: (contributor, 2005–2012)
Chris Mortensen: (insider, 1991–2022)
Wendi Nix: (co-host, 2014–2016)
Pam Oliver: (reporter, 1993–1994)
Bill Parcells: (contributor, 2007)
Louis Riddick: (contributor, 2017–2018)
Dianna Russini: (Correspondent, 2017–2022)
Phil Simms: (analyst, 1994)
Stuart Scott: (co-host, 1999–2000)
Sterling Sharpe: (analyst, 1995–2003)
Emmitt Smith: (analyst, 2007)
Joe Theismann: (analyst, 1988–1997)
Jim Trotter: (correspondent, 2014–2017)
Mike Tirico: (co-host, 1998)
Charles Woodson: (analyst, 2016–2018)
Steve Young: (analyst, 2000–2005) (contributor, 2006–2009)
Jack Youngblood: (analyst, 1985–1986)
See also
Monday Night Football
Monday Night Countdown
NFL Insiders
NFL Live
NFL Matchup
NFL Primetime
References
Press Release: ESPN'S 2006 NFL LINEUP SURROUNDS MONDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL WITH 188 YEARS OF GRIDIRON EXPERIENCE
ESPN.com Limbaugh resigns from NFL show
External links
ESPN.tv show page
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
2020s American television series
ESPN original programming
American sports television series
1985 American television series debuts
National Football League pregame television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday%20NFL%20Countdown |
Christian drama or Christian tragedy is based on Christian religious themes.
The Bible contains many drama sequences, the very Betrayal and arrest of Jesus in the new testament is a tragedy.
Mystery play
Through the medieval period churches in Europe frequently performed mystery plays, retelling the stories of the Bible. They developed from the representation of Bible stories in churches with accompanying song. As these liturgical plays became more popular, more vernacular or everyday elements were introduced and non-clergy began to participate. As the dramas became increasingly secular, they began to be performed entirely in the vernacular and were moved out of the churches by the 13th or 14th century.
These religious performances were taken over by the guilds, with each guild taking responsibility for a particular piece of scriptural history. From the guild control they gained the name mystery play. The mystery play developed into a series of plays dealing with all the major events in the Christian calendar, from the Creation to the Day of Judgment. By the end of the 15th century, the tradition of acting these plays in cycles on festival days (such as the Feast of Corpus Christi) was established across Europe.
Morality play
By the 15th and 16th century the form had developed into the morality play. These were allegories, in which the protagonists met personifications of various moral attributes, the net effect being the encouragement to live a virtuous life.
Puritan age
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries theatre was generally seen as wicked, and the church made attempts to suppress it. In the United States condemnation of the theatre was widespread in the eighteenth century; in 1794 President Timothy Dwight IV of Yale College in his "Essay on the Stage" declared that "to indulge a taste for playgoing means nothing more or less than the loss of that most valuable treasure: the immortal soul."
Modern
In the twentieth century churches, particularly evangelical churches, rediscovered the use of theatre as a form of outreach and as a valid art form.
In Britain in the early twentieth century it was illegal for any human actor to portray a divine personage on stage, placing severe restrictions on Christian theatre. The groundbreaking 1941-1942 radio drama The Man Born to Be King shattered this taboo by not only including Jesus as a character but giving him 'ordinary' speech rather than 'biblical' language. (Radio portrayals were not covered by the law, but the piece drew huge complaints nonetheless.)
T. S. Eliot's play Murder in the Cathedral explored Christian themes of martyrdom and sacrifice as well as church history.
In the 1970s, many plays were produced dealing with Christian subjects, notably Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell. At approximately the same time, many churches were again turning to drama as a means of outreach, and as a valid art form. Small Christian theatre companies began to spring up in Britain and America. Covenant Players was founded in 1963 to produce Christian plays written by its founder.
See also
Biblical Storytelling
Christian literature
Easter Drama
Jesuit drama
Liturgical drama
Passion play
Theological fiction
References
External links
- Covenant Players
Dramatic Christian Ministries - Narrow Gate Theater
Jeannette Clift George.com and/or www.adplayers.org
One Man Show (Christian drama ministry)
Righteous Insanity (Christian drama resources)
Christians in Theatre Arts
Associates & Savidge
RichDrama.com
Drama
Drama
Drama genres | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20drama |
An acidophobe is an organism that is intolerant of acidic environments. The terms acidophobia, acidophoby and acidophobic are also used. The term acidophobe is variously applied to plants, bacteria, protozoa, animals, chemical compounds, etc. The antonymous term is acidophile.
Plants are known to be well-defined with respect to their pH tolerance, and only a small number of species thrive well under a broad range of acidity. Therefore the categorization acidophile/acidophobe is well-defined. Sometimes a complementary classification is used (calcicole/calcifuge, with calcicoles being "lime-loving" plants). In gardening, soil pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of soil, with pH = 7 indicating the neutral soil. Therefore acydophobes would prefer pH above 7. Acid intolerance of plants may be mitigated by lime addition and by calcium and nitrogen fertilizers.
Acidophobic species are used as a natural instrument of monitoring the degree of acidifying contamination of soil and watercourses. For example, when monitoring vegetation, a decrease of acidophobic species would be indicative of acid rain increase in the area. A similar approach is used with aquatic species.
Acidophobes
Whiteworms (Enchytraeus albidus), a popular live food for aquarists, are acidophobes.
Acidophobic compounds are the ones which are unstable in acidic media.
Acidophobic crops: alfalfa, clover
References
Physiology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidophobe |
Oakland City Center is an office, shopping and hotel complex in Downtown Oakland, Oakland, California. The complex is the product of a redevelopment project begun in the late 1950s. It covers twelve city blocks between Broadway on the east, Martin Luther King Jr. Way on the west, Frank H. Ogawa Plaza on 14th Street on the north side of the complex and the Oakland Convention Center and Marriott Hotel extend south to 10th Street. An hourly parking garage is located beneath the complex's shopping mall. The mall features an upscale fitness and racquet club, in addition to numerous take-out restaurants and other stores. The complex is served by the 12th Street/Oakland City Center BART station.
History
Though not actually one of Oakland's neighborhoods, and with only newly established condominium residences, City Center in Oakland has a privately owned outdoor shopping mall at its core. The mall is a textbook example of redevelopment urban land planning policies which started in the mid to late twentieth century and continue into the present. A large section of ornate Victorian and Italianate style apartment buildings, with ground-floor retail shops in the center of Downtown Oakland, was appropriated by the city through the force of eminent domain and demolished to make way for what was originally proposed to be an enclosed shopping mall, high-rise office buildings, a hotel, and an aboveground parking structure. In the draft Central District Plan, the Oakland Redevelopment Agency originally had an ambitious goal of razing 70 city blocks, but neighborhood residents and the Downtown Property Owner's Association objected, and the plan was scaled back to only 12 blocks between 10th and 14th Streets on the west side of Broadway. The redevelopment plan, by William Liskamm and Rai Okamoto, won a 1966 Design Award from Progressive Architecture. As reported in the archives of the Oakland Tribune, residents were evicted from several residential hotels for purported code enforcement reasons under an aggressive plan called "Operation Padlock." Several pawnshops and Oakland's Moulin Rouge Theatre were leveled. According to Dr. Richard A. Walker, professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley, the much-beloved delicatessen, Ratto's, which had been in business since around the turn of the century, was threatened by demolition before citizen protest saved it.
The first office building, at 14th and Broadway, opened on December 18, 1973. The first skyscraper, the Clorox Building, opened next door in 1976. However, construction stalled, and by the 1980s the mall still hadn't been built and most of the site was still vacant. The project was redesigned, with a smaller outdoor retail complex and new federal office building replacing the mall, and a partial restoration of the original street grid. Several new buildings were completed in 1990, including the retail complex, named City Square, and 1111 Broadway, the new headquarters of the global shipping company American President Lines (APL). Economic recovery of downtown Oakland was stalled by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and a recession in the early 1990s, and private development at City Center stopped for the next few years. Government payrolls were not affected; the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building complex was completed in 1994, bringing more pedestrian traffic to the struggling mall.
In December 1996, Oakland City Center, including the development rights to the remaining undeveloped parcels, was sold to Shorenstein Properties. The company planned to build four high-rise office buildings on the remaining four lots. Only one was built, 555 City Center, which was completed in 2002. Shorenstein Properties sold the development rights for one of the lots back to the city, which in turn sold it to the Olson Company, which is building market-rate condominiums. Shorenstein Properties is now planning to build market-rate condominiums on one of the two remaining vacant parcels, and an office tower on the other. The latter was approved for construction in late 2007; on October 1, 2008, a groundbreaking gathering occurred for the tower.
In June 2010 the majority of the City Center was sold to CB Richard Ellis Investors for $360 million.
See also
Chinatown
Downtown Oakland
Jack London Square
Lakeside Apartments District
List of tallest buildings in Oakland, California
Old Oakland
Oaksterdam
Uptown Oakland
References
Notes
Dr. Richard A. Walker, U.C. Berkeley Department of Geography, "Oakland: Dark Star in an Expanding Universe"
External links
Oakland City Center – official commercial site for the property
César Pelli buildings
Neighborhoods in Oakland, California
Shopping malls in the San Francisco Bay Area
Shopping malls in Alameda County, California
Landmarks in the San Francisco Bay Area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland%20City%20Center |
Blanca Delfina Soto Benavides is a Mexican actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Nuestra Belleza Mundo México 1997.
Career
Soto competed in the national beauty pageant Nuestra Belleza México in 1997, representing her home state of Nuevo León. That same year, Soto became Miss Mexico World and represented her country in the international beauty contest Vina Del Mar in Chile.
Soto's first role as an actress was in the short film La Vida Blanca, which she co-produced with then-husband Jack Hartnett, who wrote and directed as well. For the role, she received her first award for Best Actress. Soto then had supporting roles in films such as: "Divina Confusion", Deep in the Valley and Dinner for Schmucks. She starred in Venevisión's telenovelas in collaboration with Univision; Eva Luna (2010–2011) as Eva Gonzalez and El Talismán (2012) as Camila Nájera. Soto starred with Fernando Colunga in Juan Osorio's telenovela; Porque el amor manda which was broadcast in Mexico from 2012 to 2013.
She appeared in Billy Currington's music video "Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right" (winner of sexiest video of the year at the CMA). As a model, Soto has been featured in advertisements for GAP, LensCrafters, Venus Swimwear, Avon, Andrea, Charriol, Foley's, Yellowbook, Zara, Garnier and Budweiser.
Personal life
Soto married American actor Jack Hartnett in 2006. She announced their separation on 17 November 2011 on her Twitter account.
Filmography
As producer
Films
Television
Theater
Credits as a dubbing actress
Appearances in music videos
Awards and nominations
Other awards and recognitions
References
External links
Official Twitter page of Blanca Soto
1979 births
Living people
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican film actresses
Mexican stage actresses
Mexican voice actresses
Mexican female models
Actresses from Monterrey
20th-century Mexican actresses
21st-century Mexican actresses
Miss World 1997 delegates
Nuestra Belleza México winners
Beauty pageant contestants from Monterrey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanca%20Soto |
Jessie Willard Armstead (born October 26, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New York Giants and the Washington Redskins between 1993 and 2003. He was a three-time All-Pro and five-time Pro Bowl section. He played college football at the University of Miami.
High school career
Armstead attended David W. Carter High School in Dallas, Texas, where he was coached by Freddie James. Armstead was part of a highly talented team that featured four other future NFL players—Clifton Abraham, Joe Burch, Le'Shai Maston, Darius Smith—and won the 1988 5A state championship (which was later stripped by UIL in 1991 due to eligibility infringements), defeating Permian High School in the state semi-final game, which was portrayed as the state championship game in the 2004 film Friday Night Lights and the 2017 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary "What Carter Lost" as well as the 2015 film Carter High.
Armstead was considered the top high school football talent in Texas as well as nationwide by recruiting analysts. He had been an All-American since his sophomore year, and at that time was the only player to be selected as an All-American three years in high school.
Fellow D-I recruits Derric Evans and Gary Edwards asked Armstead to join them and others in a series of robberies of video stores and fast-food restaurants, but he refused. In September 1989, Evans and Edwards were sentenced to 20 years and 16 years, respectively, in prison.
College career
Recruited by Jimmy Johnson, Armstead chose to attend the University of Miami. However, weeks later, Johnson left Miami to take over as the head coach of the Dallas Cowboys. After initial reports that Armstead might seek to be released from his commitment to Miami, since the coach who recruited him to play there had departed, Armstead chose to honor his commitment after Dennis Erickson was named head coach.
A college standout on 2 of Miami's 5 national championship teams (1989, 1991), Armstead's pro prospects were diminished after he tore his anterior cruciate ligament his sophomore season. As a result, he was not drafted until the eighth round of the 1993 NFL Draft, when he was selected by the New York Giants.
Armstead was interviewed about his time at the University of Miami for the documentary The U, which premiered December 12, 2009 on ESPN.
Professional career
Armstead was drafted by the Giants in the eighth round of the 1993 NFL Draft. Armstead was a five-time Pro Bowler, elected between 1997 and 2001. Armstead had 752 career tackles with forty sacks and 12 interceptions for 175 yards.
Following a nine-year career with the Giants, he was signed to a three-year, $10.5 million deal by the Washington Redskins, where he played for two additional seasons.
He signed with the Carolina Panthers for the 2004 season, but he retired that year following a pre-season injury.
On June 13, 2007, Armstead signed a one-day contract with the New York Giants to officially retire a New York Giant.
Coaching career
On September 8, 2008, Armstead was hired by the Giants as a "special assistant / consultant." His responsibilities include special projects, defensive assignments, player development and free agent recruiting. In 2010, he was inducted into the New York Giants Ring of Honor. He also has a Super Bowl ring from their Super Bowl XLII win.
Film and TV career
In February 2008, Armstead was featured as one of the pros on Pros vs Joes on Spike TV.
References
External links
Jessie Armstead statistics at Pro-football-reference.com.
Jessie Armstead officially retires as a Giant.
1970 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Miami Hurricanes football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
New York Giants players
Players of American football from Dallas
Washington Redskins players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessie%20Armstead |
Charlotte "Sherry" Green (born July 1938 in Tampa, Florida, United States) is an American fencer.
Green learned to fence at the Oregon Fencing Alliance in Portland, Oregon. Her teachers there included Adam Skarbonkovic, Charles Randall, and Ed Korfanty. She was a member of the 2005 US National Veterans fencing team and came in fifth at the 2005 World Championships. In 2006, she was the top-ranked female sabre fencer in the Veterans 60+ category.
References
External links
USA Veterans Fencing
1938 births
American female sabre fencers
Living people
Fencers from Portland, Oregon
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Green%20%28fencer%29 |
SEF may refer to:
Sankara Eye Foundation, a non-profit that works for eradicating curable blindness in India
Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras, Portuguese Border and Alien Service
Sinfonia Educational Foundation, the philanthropic arm of the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Music Fraternity
Small Enterprise Foundation, a microfinance institution operating primarily in the Limpopo province of South Africa
South Eastern Freeway, a Freeway in Australia
Special Emergency Force, A Saudi Arabian riot control and counter-terrorism force
Spectral edge frequency, a measure used in signal processing
Stadio Erinis & Filias, the Greek name for Peace and Friendship Stadium, an indoor sports arena in Athens
Straits Exchange Foundation, a semi-official organization of Taiwan that deals with the business matters with China
Supplementary eye fields, areas in the primate brain that are involved in planning and control of saccadic eye movements
Swap Execution Facility, a platform for regulated trading and clearing of swaps to be required in the United States by the Dodd-Frank bill
Swedish Elite Football
Swedish Electricians' Union, a trade union in Sweden
Seaford railway station (England), a railway station in Sussex, England
See also:
Sef, Iran (disambiguation)
Sef Gonzales, Asian-Australian murderer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEF |
Lydia Cornell (born Lydia Korniloff, July 23, 1953) is an American actress best known for her role as Sara Rush on the ABC situation comedy Too Close for Comfort.
Early life and family
Cornell was born Lydia Korniloff in El Paso, Texas on July 23, 1953. She is the eldest daughter of concert violinist Irma Jean Stowe, the great-granddaughter of Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Gregory Jacob Korniloff, a graduate of the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and Arts, who was later assistant concertmaster of the El Paso Symphony Orchestra. Cornell is the elder sister of the late Paul Korniloff, a piano prodigy, and Kathryn Korniloff, co-founder of the band Two Nice Girls and a sound designer and composer since 1995.
While a nine-year-old fourth grade student at Mesita Elementary School, Cornell was chosen as El Paso's "Little Miss Cotton" in March 1963.
In 1966, Cornell and her family moved to Scarsdale, New York. She attended both Scarsdale Junior High School and Scarsdale High School, from which she graduated in 1971.
After graduation, Cornell enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder, where she studied business, drama, English, Russian, Spanish and Anthropology. During the summer between her sophomore and junior year in college, she worked at the recording studio Caribou Ranch in Nederland, Colorado. There she met Billy Joel, Dennis Wilson, Carole King, Joni Mitchell, David Cassidy, and photographer Henry Diltz. As a Caribou Ranch photographer and "kitchen girl" she brought food to the cabins (Ooray, Running Bear, the Grizzle Bear Lodge) of such rock stars as The Beach Boys, America, Chicago and Billy Joel. The Ozark Mountain Daredevils gave her a credit on their album Men from Home. Before graduation, Cornell was the road manager for musician Michael Murphy. In May 1976, Cornell graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a Bachelor of Science in Business, with majors in both advertising and English/drama.
By the time of her father's death in May 1977, Cornell had joined the rest of the Korniloff family, who had been living in The Hague, the Netherlands since mid-1975. Soon after, her mother and siblings moved back to El Paso, Texas. By 1978 Cornell had moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career. While there she had a job for three months working at a recording studio and modeling for album covers, before being employed by Jack Webb Productions as a secretary-production assistant. Still known as Lydia Korniloff, Cornell also worked as an assistant to the producer on the television movie Little Mo, a biography of tennis star Maureen Connolly.
Acting career
Cornell's first screen appearance was as Lydia Korniloff in a walk-on as a girl in a car in the film Steel (1979), produced by and starring Lee Majors. Her first professional speaking part was in an episode of The Love Boat, for which she had two lines. In the summer of 1980, Cornell spent nine weeks filming in the Greek Isles for her appearance in the mythological horror film Blood Tide, which was not released until 1982.
Cornell's first major role was as Sara Rush, the daughter to Ted Knight's character Henry Rush, on the sitcom Too Close for Comfort from 1980–85. In 1982, at the height of the sitcom's popularity, Cornell was described by sexologist Robert T. Francoeur as providing a modern example of "classic female stereotypes in the mold of Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield".
Cornell appeared in several single episode roles on television series such as The Love Boat, Charlie's Angels, The Drew Carey Show, Quantum Leap (the pilot episode) Full House, Knight Rider, The Dukes of Hazzard, The A-Team, T. J. Hooker, Simon & Simon, Hunter, Hardball, Black Scorpion, Hotel, Fantasy Island and Curb Your Enthusiasm. She also appeared as a guest on episodes of television game shows including Battle of the Network Stars, Super Password, and Match Game Hollywood Squares Hour.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
American film actresses
American television actresses
American people of Russian descent
Actresses from El Paso, Texas
Actresses from New York (state)
Scarsdale High School alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia%20Cornell |
A liveblog is blog posting intended to provide coverage of an ongoing event in rolling text, similar to live television or live radio. Liveblogging has increased in usage by news organizations and blogging establishments since the mid-2000s, when it was initially used to broadcast updates of technology conferences in the absence of or alongside streaming video captures, and like microblogging, has gained currency as an online publication format which performs the same function as live television news coverage.
The term "live text" is also used, for example by the BBC.
Operation
Incorporative of microblogs (which are continuously updated but are also used widely as a short-form liveblogging platform), a liveblog is a single post which is constantly updated by one or more authors (usually on-location correspondents) with up-to-the-minute logs of the goings-on, and are usually performed during specific types of events rather than as regular features. Furthermore, during longer-running events beyond the length of twenty-four hours (such as civil, political or military events), a liveblog post will be ended after a 24-hour period and followed by a successive liveblog post for the next 24 hours.
Content and appearance
A live blog is a single post which is continuously updated with timestamped micro-updates which are placed above previous micro-updates.
During liveblogs, a wide number of media, including video, audio, images and text, can be incorporated in order to explain what is going on at a specific location. Such content may be posted from external sources, such as other press agencies and non-employees, if such content is only available from those sources (i.e., a live blog of an event by Al Jazeera English may post embedded video from CNN or YouTube if such video is centrally relevant to a recent occurrence within the scope of the event and is credited to authors affiliated with such organizations).
Live blogs are usually ordered from top-to-bottom so that the most recent updates appear at the top of the post. Posts may also be automatically updated using JavaScript-based auto-refreshes (by the minute) which do not reload the entire webpage.
Relevance
Comparison with live broadcasting
Because of their synchronous nature, live blogs have been compared to live broadcasting on television and radio in their immediacy and currency. However, such blogs are almost always used for coverage of, and commentary on, one-time or specialized events, and live blogging is not yet widely considered a regular section-specific feature for most online news services, while news specialty channels tend to provide almost 24-hour live studio broadcasts in audio and/or video format without necessarily focusing dedicated coverage on specific current events except when necessary.
Usage
The format is most regularly used for blow-by-blow coverage of concurrently-occurring events, such as sports competitions. Other events which are increasingly regularly live-blogged are:
Elections
Ceremonies
Conferences, conventions and gatherings
Protests and conflicts
Natural events and disasters
Politically-restive countries
The format was originally devised by Gareth Owen for the BBC's coverage of the 2001 UK parliament budget and Owen and the BBC continued to pioneer the format for many years after. The format was later applied by websites such as Gizmodo, Engadget, Techcrunch and Macworld in 2003-2005 for coverage of technology-related events (such as the Macworld Expo's series of Stevenote's and the WWDC) first gained notoriety among news organizations during the coverage of the 2009 anti-government protests in Iran.
Further enhancement of the medium by the BBC and other media organizations accompanied later events such as Cablegate and the Arab Spring. The Guardian had been publishing "minute-by-minute" reports of local (and later locally-involved global) sports events since April 2001, but didn't first begun to publish official "minute-by-minutes" in the Politics blog until June 2007 (posts titled as "LIVE" or formatted to give time-stamped updates on events extend to as far as 2003), followed by more Guardian blogs adopting minute-by-minute formats for special events afterward.
News organizations have become increasingly adoptive of such platforms as 24liveblog, Livefyre, CoverItLive, Live Blog,Arena and ScribbleLive which allow for a dedicated box in which to publish short-form and mid-form updates with automatic, dynamically-generated appearances of the most recent posts.
A recent peer-reviewed publication outlines the utilization and perception of live blogging coverage at a physical therapy conference. The authors concluded that live blogging extended the viewing audience and facilitated viewer engagement. Survey respondents found the coverage educational, of high quality, and would participate again in the future.
Impact on journalism
The live blogging format is controversial for readers of news websites in that the presentation is a clear departure from more traditional methods of news gathering and presentation, both on- and offline. Matt Wells, blogs editor for The Guardian, contended that live blogs, rather than being the "death of journalism", will actually be the "embodiment of its future".
References
Further reading
Blogging
Live broadcasting | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liveblogging |
Olga's Kitchen is an American chain of Greek-American family restaurants located primarily in the U.S. state of Michigan, founded by Olga Loizon in 1970. The company is based in Livonia, Michigan, and currently has 26 locations: one each in Illinois and Massachusetts, and the rest in Michigan.
History
Olga Loizon founded the first Olga's Kitchen in Birmingham, Michigan in 1970. Loizon developed the chain's recipes in her own basement, using a machine for making souvlaki meat which her uncle had purchased, and sauce inspired by her mother's recipes for yogurt. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the chain expanded through southeastern Michigan and into Illinois. The first one in Florida opened at Clearwater Mall in Clearwater, Florida in 1981. By 1985, the chain had garnered over $22 million in revenue and had begun franchising. By 1992, the chain had 56 stores in 11 states, and had opened a prototype store at Lakeside Mall in Sterling Heights. This number had shrunk by 1999 to 28 stores in four states, although one of the earliest in St. Clair Square in Fairview Heights, Illinois remained open at the time.
In June 2015, Olga's Kitchen filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In the process it closed its one location in the city of Detroit. Loizon died at age 92 in January 2019.
Food
For most of the chain's early history, one of its signature items was "Olga Bread", a handmade type of bread used on all of the chain's sandwiches, which themselves are called "Olgas". A 2006 review of the Lansing Mall location in the Lansing State Journal described the chain's signature sandwich, the Original Olga, as "a hearty sandwich that is tasty and quite filling." The sandwich, served on the Olga bread, features broiled beef and lamb, onions, tomatoes, and a yogurt-based sauce called Olga Sauce.
See also
List of Greek restaurants
References
External links
Olga's Kitchen
Restaurants in Michigan
Companies based in Troy, Michigan
Greek-American cuisine
Restaurants established in 1970
1970 establishments in Michigan
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga%27s%20Kitchen |
Supplementary eye field (SEF) is the name for the anatomical area of the dorsal medial frontal lobe of the primate cerebral cortex that is indirectly involved in the control of saccadic eye movements. Evidence for a supplementary eye field was first shown by Schlag, and Schlag-Rey. Current research strives to explore the SEF's contribution to visual search and its role in visual salience. The SEF constitutes together with the frontal eye fields (FEF), the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the superior colliculus (SC) one of the most important brain areas involved in the generation and control of eye movements, particularly in the direction contralateral to their location. Its precise function is not yet fully known. Neural recordings in the SEF show signals related to both vision and saccades somewhat like the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus, but currently most investigators think that the SEF has a special role in high level aspects of saccade control, like complex spatial transformations, learned transformations, and executive cognitive functions.
History (research)
In 1874, David Ferrier, a Scottish neurologist first described the frontal eye fields (FEF). He noted that unilateral electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe of macaque monkeys caused "turning of the eyes and head to the opposite side" (Fig. 2). The brain area allotted to the FEF by Ferrier's original map was actually quite large and also encompassed the area which we now call the SEF. A century's worth of experimental findings following Ferrier's work have led to shrinking the FEF's size.
During the 1950s, surgical treatment of epileptic patients was being conducted. Neurosurgeons were removing lesions and other parts of the brain thought to be involved in causing the patient's seizures.
Treatment of these epileptic patients lead to the discovery of many new brain areas by observant neurosurgeons concerned with the post-surgical implications of removing sections of the brain. Through electrical stimulation studies an area called the supplementary motor area (SMA) was observed and documented by the neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield in 1950. As Penfield had noted the induction of gaze shifts by stimulation of the rostral part of the SMA, another eye field's existence was postulated.
In 1987, the SEF was finally characterized by Schlag and Schlag-Rey as an area where low intensity electrical stimulation could evoke saccades, similar to the FEF. It was named as such to complement the SMA's name.
Characteristics
Location
The eye field originally defined by Ferrier's map of the frontal cortex extended medially to the dorsal surface of the brain (Fig. 2). But the FEF proper has since shrunk into the rostral back of the arcuate sulcus (Fig. 1). Experimenters have since established that the FEF and SEF are two separate and distinct brain areas responsible for saccade initiation through cerebral blood flow, and subdural electrode array studies.
In humans, the SEF is located in the rostral supplementary motor area (SMA). It is located in Brodmann area 6 (BA6) which corresponds to area F7, the premotor cortex. Based on single unit recording and microstimulation it has been established that the SEF is caudally contiguous with the parts of the SMA which represent orofacial, and forelimb movements.
The FEF is located in Brodmann area 8 which is just anterior to the premotor cortex (BA6) (Fig. 3).
Role
As opposed to the FEF, the SEF plays an indirect but executive role in saccade initiation. For example, the activity of SEF neurons is not sufficient to control saccade initiation in macaque monkeys performing stop signal go/no-go tasks. In this kind of task a trained monkey is to make a particular response (in this case move its eyes, or produce a saccade) to a stimulus on a screen such as a flashing dot. For the go-task, the monkey is to look at the dot. But for the no-go task, the go signal will appear and be followed by the no-go signal, testing whether the saccade initiation can be inhibited.
In other words, the SEF does not immediately or directly contribute to saccade initiation. But, the SEF is thought to improve saccade production by using prior knowledge of anticipated task requirements to influence saccadic eye movements. It does so by balancing gaze holding and gaze shifting actions, yielding a modest improvement in performance in stop signal tasks by delaying saccade initiation when necessary. It can be thought that the FEF does the driving part of saccade initiation, while the SEF acts as a backseat passenger, advising the driver as to what to do based on past insights. The SEF has recently been found to encode reward prediction error, suggesting that the SEF may actively evaluate decisions based on a value system on an occulomotor basis, independent of other brain regions.
Significance
The visual system is sensitive to sudden change. If something distracting occurs while a person is performing a task—reading a newspaper, for example—this immediately captures one's attention. This sudden shift can be a distraction but it has been also thought to be a reflex of great importance as identifying and reacting to environmental changes quickly (when needed) can be imperative to survival. Saccadic latency, the time delay between the appearance of a target and the initiation of a saccade, is an important parameter for learning which occulomotor neurons and structures of the brain play what specific roles in saccade initiation. There is much research being conducted on the role of SEF in determining visually salient objects and occurrences, using saccadic latency as the parameter of interest.
SEF activity has been found to govern decisions in smooth pursuit but not the decision itself.
Sensory processes
The SEF responds to auditory stimuli as well as visual stimuli. Visual responses from the SEF happen later and are much weaker than that observed in the FEF, though. SEF neurons also exhibit non-retinal modulation including anticipation and reward prediction.
Methodology of study
Finding the SEF
The SEF was defined by the Schlags as a region where low currents (<50μA) evoke saccades. It is still found using this characterization as well as the known neighboring anatomy (Fig. 1).
Monkey models
SEF research is conducted mainly in monkey models. Typically trained rhesus macaque monkeys are used and surgically implanted with recording chambers. In this fashion, spike and local field potential (LFP) data can be acquired from SEF neurons, using microelectrodes in the recording chamber. Eye movements can also be monitored using eye-tracking camera equipment.
Experiments obviously vary, but to give an example: the monkey might be made to partake in a color visual search task, sitting in front of a computer screen. The monkey would look at a point on the screen which would change from filled in to open at the same time which a colored point of "opposite" color appears on the screen. The monkey would be rewarded for looking at a new spot—"for making a single saccade"—within 2000 ms and then fixating on the spot for 500 ms. Varied tasks such as these are used and data is analyzed to determine the SEF's role in saccade initiation, visual saliency, etc.
See also
Anatomical terms of location
Saccade
Eye movement (sensory)
Smooth pursuit
Frontal eye fields
Superior colliculus
IPS / LIP
References
External links
Amiez, C., & Petrides, M. (2009). Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non-human primate frontal cortex. Progress in Neurobiology, 89(2), 220-230.
Dr. D. Ferrier On the Brain of Monkeys
Vision
Saccade
Frontal lobe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplementary%20eye%20field |
Hramada (, , sometimes also wrongly spelled as gramada or confused for the Ukrainian word hromada or Polish word gromada) is a Belarusian word that means "gathering of people", i.e., "assembly". Historically a hramada was meant as a peasant commune, which gathered meetings for discussing and resolving current issues.
Historically the word was often used in names of Belarusian leftist political parties.
Historical political parties:
Belarusian Socialist Assembly
Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union
Modern political parties:
Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly)
Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly
Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly)
See also
Hromada
Gromada
Politics of Belarus
Belarusian words and phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hramada |
Robert Scott "Scotty" Robertson III (February 1, 1930 – August 18, 2011) was an American basketball coach. He was the first coach for the New Orleans Jazz (now the Utah Jazz), and he later coached the Chicago Bulls and the Detroit Pistons. He also has a stint as assistant coach for the Indiana Pacers, San Antonio Spurs, Phoenix Suns, and the Miami Heat.
Career
Robertson was born in Fort Smith in western Arkansas. As a sixth grader, he moved to Shreveport, Louisiana, where he played basketball and baseball for C. E. Byrd High School, from which he graduated in 1947. He attended the University of Texas at Austin, Texas, but graduated in 1951 from Louisiana Tech University in Ruston. He obtained a master's degree from the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. After his graduation from Louisiana Tech, he played baseball in the Chicago White Sox organization before returning to basketball as a coach.
Death and legacy
At the time of his death of lung cancer at the age of eighty-one, Robertson was residing in Ruston, the location of Louisiana Tech, with his wife the former Betty Lou Lancaster. He was survived by his daughters, Libby Robertson Power of Frisco, Texas, Claudia Robertson Fowler (husband Royal) of Franklin, Tennessee, and Vicki Robertson Page of Ruston. He had ten grandchildren.
Services were held on August 21, 2011, at the Trinity United Methodist Church in Ruston. Interment followed at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Ruston.
In 2012, the Robert "Scotty" Robertson Memorial Gymnasium was renovated and named in Robertson's honor.
Head coaching record
High school
Robertson coached at C. E. Byrd High School for eight years, having accomplished a 163–91 record.
Collegiate
Professional record
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| style="text-align:left;"|
|15||1||14||.067|| style="text-align:center;"|(fired)||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| style="text-align:left;"|
|26||11||15||.423|| style="text-align:center;"|5th in Midwest||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||21||61||.256|| style="text-align:center;"|6th in Central||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||39||43||.476|| style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Central||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||37||45||.451|| style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Central||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
| ||287||109||178||.380|| ||—||—||—||—
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Scotty Robertson
1930 births
2011 deaths
20th-century Methodists
21st-century Methodists
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American United Methodists
Basketball coaches from Arkansas
Basketball coaches from Louisiana
Basketball players from Arkansas
Basketball players from Shreveport, Louisiana
Baton Rouge Red Sticks players
C. E. Byrd High School alumni
Chicago Bulls head coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Deaths from cancer in Louisiana
Deaths from lung cancer
Detroit Pistons head coaches
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Indiana Pacers assistant coaches
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs baseball players
Baseball players from Shreveport, Louisiana
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs basketball coaches
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs basketball players
Miami Heat assistant coaches
New Orleans Jazz head coaches
Phoenix Suns assistant coaches
San Antonio Spurs assistant coaches
Sportspeople from Fort Smith, Arkansas
Sportspeople from Ruston, Louisiana
University of Arkansas alumni
University of Texas at Austin alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotty%20Robertson |
Mälarhöjden/Bredäng Hockey (often referred to as MB Hockey or MB) is an ice hockey club based in Stockholm, Sweden.
Founded: 1988
Arena: SDC-hallen (capacity 850)
Uniform colours: Red, white
Logo design: "MB" in red with white and blue trim in a stylized white maple leaf with red and blue trim
Swedish women's championships won: 7 (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006)
History
Named after the districts where it is located, the club was founded in 1988 through a merger between Mälarhöjden/Västertorp and Bredäng/Östberga hockey clubs.
Until the 2006-07 season MB Hockey had sections for both men's and women's ice hockey, and while the men's team has never reached higher than the 3rd tier league, the women's team playing in the top level league established itself as one of the most successful in the nation, winning seven Swedish championships in eight years.
Before the start of the 2006-07 season the club decided to cancel their programme for women's hockey and a majority of the players went on to play for neighbouring Segeltorps IF.
Notable players
The most notable players on MB Hockey's women's team included six on the Swedish national women's ice hockey team that participated in the Turin 2006 Winter Olympic Games:
Erika Holst - C
Maria Rooth - A
Gunilla Andersson - A
Ann-Louise Edstrand
Ylva Lindberg
Jenny Lindqvist
References
External links
Mälarhöjden/Bredäng Hockey's official website (in Swedish)
Ice hockey teams in Stockholm County
Sports clubs and teams in Stockholm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4larh%C3%B6jden/Bred%C3%A4ng%20Hockey |
Tribune Publishing Company (briefly Tronc, Inc.) is an American newspaper print and online media publishing company. The company, which was acquired by Alden Global Capital in May 2021, has a portfolio that includes the Chicago Tribune, the New York Daily News, The Baltimore Sun, the Orlando Sentinel, South Florida's Sun-Sentinel, The Virginian-Pilot, the Hartford Courant, additional titles in Pennsylvania and Virginia, syndication operations, and websites. It also publishes several local newspapers in its metropolitan regions, which are organized in subsidiary groups.
Incorporated in 1847 with the founding of the Chicago Tribune, Tribune Publishing operated as a division of the Tribune Company, a Chicago-based multimedia conglomerate, until it was spun off into a separate public company in August 2014.
The company confirmed its sale to hedge fund Alden Global Capital on May 21, 2021. The transaction officially closed on May 25. Prior to this acquisition, Tribune Publishing was the nation's third-largest newspaper publisher (behind Gannett and The McClatchy Company), with eleven daily newspapers and commuter tabloids throughout the United States. With the acquisition, Alden Global Capital became the second-largest newspaper publisher in the United States.
History
Early history
Tribune Publishing's history dates back to 1847, when the Chicago Tribune (for which the company and its former parent, Tribune Media, are named) published its first edition on June 10 of that year, in a one-room plant at LaSalle and Lake Streets in Chicago. The Tribune constructed its first building, a four-story structure at Dearborn and Madison Streets, in 1869; however the building was destroyed, along with most of the city, by the Great Chicago Fire in October 1871. The Tribune resumed printing two days later with an editorial declaring "Chicago Shall Rise Again". The newspaper's editor and part-owner, Joseph Medill, was elected mayor and led the city's reconstruction. A native Ohioan who first acquired an interest in the Tribune in 1855, Medill gained full control of the newspaper in 1874 and ran it until his death in 1899.
Medill's two grandsons, cousins Robert R. McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson, assumed leadership of the company in 1911. That same year, the Chicago Tribunes first newsprint mill opened in Thorold, Ontario, Canada. The mill marked the beginnings of the Canadian newsprint producer later known as QUNO, in which Tribune held an investment interest until 1995. The Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate was formed in 1918, leading to Joseph Patterson's establishment of the company's second newspaper, the New York Daily News on June 26, 1919. Tribune's ownership of the New York City tabloid was considered "interlocking" due to an agreement between McCormick and Patterson.
Expansion
The company acquired the Fort Lauderdale-based Sun-Sentinel newspaper in 1963; this was later followed by its purchase of the Orlando Sentinel in 1965. In 1973, the company began sharing stories among 25 subscriber newspapers via the newly formed news service, the Knight News Wire. By 1990, this service was known as Knight-Ridder/Tribune and provided graphics, photo, and news content to its member newspapers. KRT became McClatchy-Tribune Information Services, which is owned by the Tribune Company and McClatchy, when The McClatchy Company purchased Knight-Ridder Inc. in 2006. Tribune later acquired the Newport News, Virginia-based Daily Press in 1986. In the wake of a dispute with some of its labor unions, the New York Daily News was sold to British businessman Robert Maxwell in 1991.
In June 2000, Tribune acquired the Los Angeles-based Times Mirror Company in a merger deal worth $8.3 billion, which was the largest acquisition in the history of the newspaper industry. The merger added seven daily newspapers to Tribune's portfolio, including the Los Angeles Times, the Long Island-based Newsday, The Baltimore Sun, and the Hartford Courant. Tribune Media Net, the national advertising sales organization of Tribune Publishing, was established in 2000 to take advantage of the company's expanded scale and scope.
Later in the decade, Tribune launched daily newspapers targeting urban commuters, including the Chicago Tribune RedEye edition in 2002, followed by an investment in AM New York one year later. In 2006, Tribune acquired the minority equity interest in AM New York, giving it full ownership of the newspaper. The company sold both Newsday and AM New York to Cablevision Systems Corporation in 2008, with the sale of the latter paper closing on July 29 of that year.
Takeover by Sam Zell and bankruptcy
On April 2, 2007, Chicago-based investor Sam Zell announced plans to buy out the Tribune Company for $34.00 a share, totaling $8.2 billion, with intentions to take the company private. The deal was approved by 97% of the company's shareholders on August 21, 2007. Privatization of the Tribune Company occurred on December 20, 2007, with Tribune's stock listing being terminated at the close of the trading day.
On December 8, 2008, faced with a high debt load totaling $13 billion, related to the company's leveraged buyout and subsequent privatization, and a sharp downturn in newspaper advertising revenue, Tribune filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in what was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry. Company plans called for it to emerge from bankruptcy by May 31, 2010, but the company would end up in protracted bankruptcy proceedings for four years.
On July 13, 2012, the Tribune Company received approval of a reorganization plan to allow the company to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in a Delaware bankruptcy court. Oaktree Capital Management, JPMorgan Chase and Angelo, Gordon & Co., which were the company's senior debt holders, assumed control of Tribune's properties upon the company's exit from bankruptcy on December 31, 2012.
Spin-off of publishing unit
On February 26, 2013, Tribune reportedly hired investment firms Evercore Partners and J.P. Morgan & Co. to oversee the sale of its newspapers. On July 10, 2013, Tribune announced that it would split into two companies, spinning off its publishing division into the Tribune Publishing Company. Its broadcasting, digital media and other assets (including GraceNote) would remain with the Tribune Company. On November 20, 2013, Tribune announced it would cut 700 jobs from its newspaper properties due to declining advertising revenues.
On June 17, 2014, in a presentation for lenders, Tribune revealed that it had set August 4 as the target date for its spin-off of Tribune Publishing. The split was finalized on the target date, with the publishing arm being spun out as Tribune Publishing Company, and its former parent company being renamed Tribune Media.
Post spin-off
Tribune Publishing acquired six suburban daily and 32 weekly newspapers in the Chicago Metropolitan Area in October 2014. These acquisitions were similar in strategy to earlier acquisitions in the state of Maryland, expanding its footprint in its eight "core markets".
On May 7, 2015, Tribune Publishing announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the San Diego Union-Tribune and its associated properties for $85 million, ending the paper's 146 years of private ownership. Following the completion of the acquisition, the Union-Tribune and the Los Angeles Times became part of a new operating entity known as the California News Group, led by Times publisher and CEO Timothy E. Ryan. The two California papers retained distinct operations, but sought a synergy with content sharing between them.
In April 2016, Gannett Company (which, much like Tribune, had spun out its broadcasting properties into a separate firm to focus on publishing assets) made an unsolicited bid to acquire Tribune Publishing for $12.25 per-share, or around $400 million. This deal was rejected by Tribune's shareholders in May 2016; in turn, Gannett increased its offer to around $15 per-share (around $800 million). On May 17, 2016, Tribune chairman Michael Ferro stated that he intended to make a bid to acquire Gannett instead.
On November 1, 2016, Gannett announced that it would no longer pursue its acquisition of Tronc.
tronc era
On June 2, 2016, the company announced that it would rebrand itself as tronc, short for "Tribune online content". The rebranding took place on June 20, 2016. Tronc began trading on NASDAQ under the symbol TRNC. In June 2018, the Tribune Company announced that it would no longer be referred to as Tronc and would instead henceforth be called "Tribune Publishing".
At the time in 2016 that the company moved into calling itself tronc, chief technology officer Malcolm CasSelle and chief digital officer Anne Vasquez announced to employees initiatives in content optimization, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and increasing the amount of video to 50% of all content by 2017, in an effort to increase reader engagement and ad revenue. The company also introduced a new slogan, From Pixels to Pulitzers. The video announcement was derided in social and print media as full of buzzwords and lacking substance. On August 7, 2016, while criticising several aspects of a corporate restructuring that went along with the rebranding (for instance a shift of focus away from hard news towards usage maximization, which he perceived as undue), satirist John Oliver mocked this new name as "the sound an ejaculating elephant makes", and (ironically) "the sound of a stack of newspapers hitting a dumpster." The Verge said, "Sounds like a Millennial falling down the stairs."
On March 13, 2017, tronc announced that it would license Arc, the content management system of The Washington Post.
On September 4, 2017, tronc announced that it had acquired the New York Daily News. Having been established in 1919 by the Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate, the Daily News had been owned by the Tribune Company before its sale to Robert Maxwell in 1991 and then to Mortimer Zuckerman in 1993. Tronc purchased the New York Daily News for $1 plus the assumption of its liabilities. On July 23, 2018, tronc announced massive layoffs at the paper, and ousted its editor in chief.
On February 7, 2018, tronc announced the sale of its California properties (Los Angeles Times, San Diego Union-Tribune) to Patrick Soon-Shiong for $500 million, with the buyer also assuming of $90 million in pension liabilities. The sale closed on June 18 that year and Tribune Publishing announced at the time that it would no longer be referred to as tronc.
Tribune Publishing
On June 19, 2018, it was reported that tronc would revert its name back to Tribune Publishing; this would be confirmed by the company in October of that year. In July 2018 tronc moved their headquarters from Tribune Tower several blocks south to One Prudential Plaza.
In January 2019, Tribune announced that industry veteran Timothy P. Knight would succeed Justin Dearborn as CEO. Dearborn had served as CEO since 2016. The company's board of directors also elected former Congressman and chairman of the House Rules Committee David Dreier to succeed Dearborn as chairman.
In December 2019, Alden Global Capital, a New York City-based hedge fund, acquired a 32% stake in shares of Tribune Publishing Company.
In February 2020, Dreier and Knight stepped down as chairman and CEO, respectively. Knight was replaced by the chief financial officer, Terry Jimenez.
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Tribune Publishing closed a number of its papers' newsrooms, including those of: the New York Daily News, The Morning Call, the Orlando Sentinel, the Carroll County Times, the Capital Gazette and the Hartford Courant.
Acquisition by Alden
Tribune Publishing was acquired by hedge fund Alden Global Capital (Alden) for $635 million, giving its final approval on May 21, 2021, with the transaction officially closing on May 25, 2021.
In December 2019, Alden acquired a 32% stake in shares of Tribune Publishing Company. Most of its stake was purchased from Michael Ferro at $13 a share. Considering what it paid for other tranches, the average price Alden paid for its shares of Tribune Publishing stock is around $12.75. It is offering $17.25/share. Tribune Publishing announced in February 2021 that it had agreed to be wholly acquired by Alden, and the final approval came in May.
A key element in concluding the sale to Alden was the decision by Patrick Soon-Shiong, who owned 24% of the company's stock, to abstain from the May 21 shareholder vote.
In early April 2021, Tribune Publishing announced that it has entered into serious discussions with an alternative pair of suitors for an amount higher than its deal with Alden. The new bidders were Stewart W. Bainum Jr. and Hansjörg Wyss. This deal would have amounted to an overall bid of $680 million, or $18.50/share, in contrast to the $635 million offer from Alden.
The Bainum/Wyss acquisition offer came about when Bainum's offer to purchase the Baltimore Sun from Alden once it completed its acquisition of Tribune Publishing fell apart. The Sun deal fell apart on March 12 when Bainum became convinced that Alden was smuggling extra costs and fees into its deal with him that violated what he thought he had agreed to. He had agreed to purchase the Sun for $65 million, along with payments on a transitional-services agreement. The transitional-services agreement would have involved payments from the Sun to Alden for logistical aspects of running the business including its payroll and circulation departments and national and digital sales unit. Bainum believed he had negotiated a deal for two years of transitional services, with a 30-day exit clause. Instead, he was asked to commit to a five-year agreement with no possibility of an early exit. Bainum took umbrage and, instead, put together a competing bid to purchase the entirety of Tribune Publishing.
Poynter.org observed that fears about the potential Alden acquisition may have obscured that staffing levels at Tribune Publishing's nine metropolitan newspapers fell 30.4% from 2019 to 2020. They write, "Employees and local readers are concerned that Alden would make deep cuts to Tribune if it bought the company. But it seems that's already happening."
Hansjörg Wyss announced the third week of April that he was withdrawing from acquisition talks. Shortly thereafter, Tribune Publishing said that it was ending its conversations with Stewart W. Bainum Jr. because they believed that this possible deal could not reasonably be expected, in the absence of Wyss, to lead to a "superior proposal". Wyss had been expected to contribute $505 million to the transaction, with $100 million coming from Bainum.
Bainum had until the end of the first week in May to submit a better proposal. Tribune Publishing's shareholders voted on a final deal on May 21. Bainum's difficulty in putting together a deal was said to be his inability to find a purchaser for the Chicago Tribune, which is the largest and most expensive of the metropolitan daily newspapers owned by Tribune Publishing. In the wake of the May 21 finalized sale, Bainum expressed continued interest in purchasing the Baltimore Sun and indicated that if he is unable to do so, he might invest a significant sum in creating a digital alternative.
Publications owned
Current
Newspapers
Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)
Daily Southtown (Chicago, Illinois)
Post-Tribune (Merrillville, Indiana)
Naperville Sun (Naperville, Illinois)
Elgin Courier-News (Elgin, Illinois)
The Beacon-News (Aurora, Illinois)
Lake County News-Sun (Gurnee, Illinois)
Pioneer Press
Barrington Courier-Review
Buffalo Grove Countryside
Deerfield Review
The Doings Clarendon Hills
The Doings Hinsdale
The Doings La Grange
The Doings Oak Brook
The Doings Weekly
The Doings Western Springs
Elm Leaves
Evanston Review
Forest Leaves
Franklin Park Herald Journal
Glencoe News
Glenview Announcements
Highland Park News
Lake Forester
Lake Zurich Courier
Libertyville Review
Lincolnshire Review
Lincolnwood Review
Morton Grove Champion
Mundelein Review
Niles Herald-Spectator
Norridge Harwood Heights News
Northbrook Star
Oak Leaves
Park Ridge Herald Advocate
Skokie Review
Vernon Hills Review
Wilmette Life
Winnetka Talk
The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland)
Maryland Gazette
Bowie Blade (Bowie, Maryland)
Crofton-West County Gazette (Crofton, Maryland)
Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland)
Carroll County Times (Westminster, Maryland)
Sun Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida)
Boca Times (Boca Raton, Florida; Highland Beach, Florida)
El Sentinel del Sur de la Florida (Fort Lauderdale, Florida)
Florida Jewish Journal
Delray Sun (Delray Beach, Florida; Gulf Stream, Florida)
Gateway Gazette (Boynton Beach, Florida; Lantana, Florida; Hypoluxo, Florida; Atlantis, Florida; South Palm Beach, Florida; Ocean Ridge, Florida; Manalapan, Florida; Briny Breezes, Florida)
Glades Gazette (Miramar, Florida; Pembroke Pines, Florida; Weston, Florida; Southwest Ranches, Florida)
Pier Review (Deerfield Beach, Florida; Pompano Beach, Florida; Lighthouse Point, Florida; Hillsboro Beach, Florida)
Riverside Times (Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Oakland Park, Florida; Wilton Manors, Florida; Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, Florida; Sea Ranch Lakes, Florida)
Sawgrass Sun (Plantation, Florida; Sunrise, Florida; Lauderhill, Florida; Tamarac, Florida; North Lauderdale, Florida; Lauderdale Lakes, Florida)
The Forum (Coral Springs, Florida; Coconut Creek, Florida; Margate, Florida; North Lauderdale, Florida; Parkland, Florida)
The Trailblazer (Davie, Florida; Cooper City, Florida; Southwest Ranches, Florida)
The Villager (Wellington, Florida; Royal Palm Beach, Florida; Greenacres, Florida; Loxahatchee Groves, Florida; Westlake, Florida; The Acreage, Florida)
West Boca Times (West Boca Raton, Florida)
Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, Florida)
El Sentinel (Orlando, Florida)
The Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Virginia)
Inside Business (Norfolk, Virginia)
AltDaily (Norfolk, Virginia)
The Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut)
ReminderNews
The Morning Call (Allentown, Pennsylvania)
Daily Press (Newport News, Virginia)
The Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg, Virginia)
The Tidewater Review
New York Daily News (New York, New York)
Commuter tabloids
Tribune News Service
Magazines
City & Shore Magazine
Chicago Magazine
Hartford Magazine
Naperville Magazine
Polo Equestrian of the Palm Beaches
Prime Magazine
South Florida Parenting
Williamsburg Magazine
Websites
The Daily Meal
The Active Times
Military News
Metromix
Pro Soccer USA
Syndication agency
Tribune Content Agency
Former
AM New York (New York, New York; 2003–2008)
Newsday (Melville, New York; 2000–2008)
8 community weeklies
Hoy (Los Angeles and San Diego (with an edition in north Baja California), California; 2000−2018)
Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California; 2000–2018)
Daily Pilot (Newport Beach, California)
Burbank Leader (Burbank, California)
Glendale News Press (Glendale, California)
La Canada Valley Sun (La Canada Flintridge, California)
RedEye (Chicago, Illinois)
San Diego Union-Tribune (San Diego, California; 2015–2018)
8 community weeklies
References
External links
Newspaper companies of the United States
Newspaper companies in Chicago
Companies based in Chicago
Chicago Tribune
Publishing companies established in 1847
1847 establishments in Illinois
Publishing companies established in 2014
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2014 establishments in Illinois
American companies established in 2014
Corporate spin-offs
2021 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune%20Publishing |
Deborah Van Valkenburgh (born August 29, 1952) is an American actress best known for her screen debut as Mercy in the 1979 cult film The Warriors, and her role as Jackie Rush for five seasons (1980–1985) on the television situation comedy Too Close for Comfort. In 2012, she won the Best Supporting Actress in a Fantasy Film award at the PollyGrind Underground Film Festival for the film Road to Hell.
Early life
Van Valkenburgh graduated from Shaker High School in Latham, New York in June 1970. She graduated from Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, with a BFA in Painting & Drawing. She started her acting career on Broadway performing in "Hair". Van Valkenburgh also appeared in Off-Broadway plays, including Honeybee, The Tempest, Six Characters in Search of an Author, Hay Fever, When Did You last See Your Mother?, Iolanthe, It Ain't Aardvark, and Minutemen.
Besides acting in many New York plays, she has acted in regional and touring company productions of Mooney's Kid Don't Cry, The Children's Hour, and A View From the Bridge. Van Valkenburgh has studied acting with William Esper and John Shea, ballet with Ballet Arts Carnegie Hall and modern dance with James Cunningham. She also studied puppet production with Jim Henson, voice with Kirk Nurock and Richard Green, and improvisation with Dan Richter.
Filmography
Film
Television
Broadway
1977 Broadway revival of Hair, original cast
Video games
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1952 births
Actresses from New York (state)
American film actresses
American people of Dutch descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah%20Van%20Valkenburgh |
Buratino (Russian: Буратино) is the main character of Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy's 1936 book The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino, which is based on the 1883 Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. Buratino originated as a character in the commedia dell'arte. The name Buratino derives from the Italian burattino, which means "wooden puppet" or "doll". The book was published in 1936; the figure of Buratino quickly became hugely popular among children in the Soviet Union and remains so in Russia to this day (Buratino is one of the most popular characters of Russian children's literature). The story has been made into several films, including the animated 1959 film and the live-action 1975 film.
Origin
According to Tolstoy, he had read Pinocchio as a child, but, having lost the book, he started re-imagining it many years later in an attempt to come up with a series of bedside stories for his own children. The resulting tale proved to be so unique and was well-liked by the author's kids that he decided to write it down and publish it. Researchers, however, do not tend to find this explanation plausible, since the first Russian translation of Pinocchio didn't appear until Tolstoy was in his mid-twenties. Miron Petrovsky, in his article on the subject, states that the book was based upon a 1924 translation made by Nina Petrovskaya (1879-1928) and edited by Tolstoy, who had already removed many of the elements absent in The Golden Key.
Plot
Like Pinocchio, Buratino is a long-nosed wooden puppet. According to the story, he is carved by Papa Carlo (the story's version of Geppetto) from a log, and suddenly comes to life. Upon creation, Buratino comes out long-nosed due to Papa Carlo's sloppy woodworking. Papa Carlo tries to shorten it, but Buratino resists.
Papa Carlo then sells his only good jacket in order to buy textbooks for Buratino and sends him to school. However, the boy becomes distracted by an advertisement for a local puppet theater show, and sells his textbooks to buy a ticket to the show. There he befriends other puppets, but the evil puppet-master Karabas Barabas (the story's Mangiafuoco character), wants to destroy him because Buratino disrupted the show.
Karabas Barabas releases Buratino after he learns that Papa Carlo's home contains a secret door for which Karabas has been searching. A Golden Key that Karabas once possessed, but later lost, opens this secret door. Karabas releases Buratino and even gives him five gold coins, asking only that Buratino watch after his father's home and make sure they do not move.
The story proceeds to tell of Buratino and his friends' hunt for the Golden Key and their struggle against the evil Karabas, his loyal friend Duremar, and a couple of crooks: Alice the Fox and Basilio the Cat (based on The Fox and the Cat), who are after Buratino's coins. After that, the events proceed similarly (although not identically) to Collodi's Pinocchio until the scene where the coins are stolen, after which the plots split apart completely.
Deviations from Collodi's story
The Fairy with Turquoise Hair is in Tolstoy's version another puppet from Karabas's theatre, named Malvina. She retains the blue colour of her hair, her poodle servant (called Artemon by Tolstoy) and her function of saving Buratino from the Fox and the Cat who hanged him on a tree. To explain her presence in the forest, it is stated that she had escaped from the theatre earlier. She is represented as somewhat overprotective and less likable than Collodi's Fairy, yet she finally befriends Buratino.
The character of Pierrot is introduced. He is in love with Malvina. Pierrot is represented as an archetypal poet (his poems are actually cited).
Tolstoy omits most details which in the 20th century would be considered too gruesome or too moralistic, such as: Pinocchio having burned his feet; black rabbits pretending to be about to bury him; the whole Land of Toys subplot; the shark swallowing Pinocchio and his father, etc.
Unlike Pinocchio in the original story, Buratino never becomes a real human. Quite the contrary, he is rewarded for not following the rules of what is assumed to be right behaviour (although he attempts to kill the Cricket and sells the book Papa Carlo sold his jacket to see the puppet show, Buratino is more heroic) and being nonconformist. In the finale, we see him playing in a new puppet theater of Carlo's.
Buratino's nose does not grow when he lies.
Characters
Buratino is a wooden puppet with a long nose.
Papa Carlo () is a barrel organ player of little means, who created Buratino.
Giuseppe (Джузеппе), nicknamed "Giuseppe the Blue Nose" for always being drunk, is a woodworker and a friend of Carlo. He wanted to make a table leg from the talking log, but got scared and finally gave the log as a present to Papa Carlo.
Karabas Barabas (Карабас-Барабас) is an evil puppeteer. He owns a puppet theater with many marionettes, including Malvina, Pierrot, and Harlequin.
Malvina (Мальвина) is a beautiful female puppet with blue hair.
Artemon (Артемон) is Malvina's loyal poodle.
Pierrot (Пьеро) is a sad puppet and a poet who is deeply in love with Malvina.
Harlequin (Арлекин) is Pierrot's scene partner in Karabas's theatre. He usually mocks and beats Pierrot.
Alice the Fox (Лиса Алиса) and Basilio the Cat (Кот Базилио), two swindlers.
Tortila the Turtle (Черепаха Тортила) gives the Golden Key to Buratino, the same key that was lost by Karabas.
Duremar (Дуремар) is a partner of Karabas Barabas who catches leeches for a living and so disturbs Tortilla's pond.
Adaptations
The Golden Key, a 1939 movie combining live action and stop-motion animation.
The Adventures of Buratino, a 1959 animated feature film by Soyuzmultfilm.
The Adventures of Buratino, a 1975 live-action TV film.
Buratino, Son of Pinocchio, a 2009 film.
The computer game was released in 1993, the first graphic adventure computer game released in the post-Soviet Russia.
In popular culture
The name Buratino has been and continues to be used as branding for a variety of products and stores marketed to children in Russia and the post-Soviet states — most notable of these are the brand soft drink, which has a caramel taste, and "Golden Key" (Zolotoy klyuchik) toffee.
Buratino is also the nickname of the TOS-1 multiple launch rocket system, due to the big "nose" of the launcher.
A location in the story, Поле чудес [в Стране Дураков], literally "The Field of Wonders [in the Land of Fools]" is used for the Russian adaptation of the Wheel of Fortune game show.
References
External links
Buratino at sunbirds.com
Internet Movie Database:
1939 film
1960 film
1975 film
2009 film
1998 television episode (same as 1960 film, but with American soundtrack and voices)
(English subtitles)
Culture of Russia
Characters in Russian novels of the 20th century
Works based on The Adventures of Pinocchio
Child characters in literature
1936 fantasy novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buratino |
The Chief Baron of the Exchequer was the first "baron" (meaning judge) of the English Exchequer of Pleas. "In the absence of both the Treasurer of the Exchequer or First Lord of the Treasury, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, it was he who presided in the equity court and answered the bar i.e. spoke for the court." Practically speaking, he held the most important office of the Exchequer of Pleas.
The chief baron, along with the three puisne barons, sat as a court of common law, heard suits in the court of equity and settled revenue disputes. A puisne baron was styled "Mr Baron X" and the chief baron as "Lord Chief Baron X".
From 1550 to 1579, there was a major distinction between the chief baron and the second, third and fourth puisne barons. The difference was in social status and education. All of the chief barons had been trained as lawyers in the inns of court. With the exception of Henry Bradshaw and Sir Clement Higham, both barristers-at-law, all of the chief barons who served Queen Elizabeth I, had attained the highest and most prestigious rank of a lawyer, serjeant-at-law.
In 1875, the Court of Exchequer became the Exchequer Division of the High Court. Following the death of the last chief baron in 1880, the division and that of Common Pleas were merged into the King's Bench Division.
Chief Barons of the Exchequer
1303 William de Carleton
1317 Sir Walter Norwich
1327 Hervey de Stanton
1328–1329 Sir Walter Norwich
1329 Sir John Stonor
1331 Sir Henry le Scrope
1337 Sir Robert Sadington
1344 Sir William de Shareshull
1345 Sir John Stowford
1345 Sir Robert Sadington
1350 Gervase de Wilford
1362 William de Skipwith
1366 Thomas de Lodelow
1375 Sir William Tauk
1376 Henry Asty
1381 Robert de Plessyngton
1384 William de Carleol
1386 Sir John Cary (d.1395) of Cockington, Devon.
1387 Sir Robert de Plesyngton
1388 Thomas Pinchbeck
1389 John Cassey
1401 Sir John Cokayne, known as the Elder.
1414 William Lasingby
1420 William Babington
1423 Sir John Ivyn
1438 John Fray
1448 Peter Ardern
1463 Richard Illingworth
1472 Sir Thomas Urswick
1480 Sir William Nottingham
1483 Humphrey Starkey
1486 Sir William Hody
1513 John Scot
1522 John FitzJames
1526 Sir Richard Broke
1529 Sir Richard Lyster
1545 Sir Roger Cholmley
1552 Henry Bradshaw
1553 David Brooke
1558 Sir Clement Higham
1559 Sir Edward Saunders
1577 Sir Robert Bell
1577 Sir John Jefferay, of Chiddingly, Sussex
1578 Sir Roger Manwood
1593 Sir William Peryam
1604 Sir Thomas Fleming
1607 Sir Lawrence Tanfield
1625 Sir John Walter
1631 Sir Humphrey Davenport
1645 Sir Richard Lane
1648 John Wilde
1655 William Steele, appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1656
1658 Sir Thomas Widdrington
1660 John Wilde
1660 Sir Orlando Bridgeman
1660 Sir Matthew Hale
1671 Sir Edward Turnor
1676 Sir William Montagu
1686 Sir Edward Atkyns
1689 Sir Robert Atkyns
1695 Sir Edward Ward
1714 Sir Samuel Dodd
1716 Sir Thomas Bury
1722 Sir James Montagu
1723 Sir Robert Eyre
1725 Sir Jeffrey Gilbert
1726 Sir Thomas Pengelly
1730 Sir James Reynolds, junior
1738 Sir John Comyns
1740 Sir Edmund Probyn
1742 Sir Thomas Parker
1772 Sir Sydney Smythe
1777 Sir John Skynner
1787 Sir James Eyre
1793 Sir Archibald Macdonald
1813 Sir Vicary Gibbs
1814 Sir Alexander Thomson
1817 Sir Richard Richards
1824 Sir William Alexander
1831 The Lord Lyndhurst
1834 Sir James Scarlett
1844 Sir Frederick Pollock
1866 Sir Fitzroy Kelly
Peerages created for the Chief Baron of the Exchequer
See also
Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland
References
Further reading
Walker, David M., The Oxford Companion to Law, Appendix I, list of Chief Barons 1660-1880
Sainty (comp.), Sir John, The Judges of England, 1272-1990: a list of the judges of the Superior courts (Selden Society: Supplementary Series 1993, 10).
Chief
Exchequer offices | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief%20Baron%20of%20the%20Exchequer |
The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREPA), passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President of the United States George W. Bush in December 2005 (as part of ), is a controversial tort liability shield intended to protect vaccine manufacturers from financial risk in the event of a declared public health emergency. The part of PREPA that actually affords such protection is now codified at . The act specifically affords to drug makers immunity from actions related to the manufacture, testing, development, distribution, administration and use of medical countermeasures against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear agents of terrorism, epidemics, and pandemics. PREPA strengthens and consolidates the oversight of litigation against pharmaceutical companies under the purview of the secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS). PREPA provides $3.8 billion for pandemic influenza preparedness to protect public health in the case of a pandemic disease outbreak.
Vaccine manufacturers lobbied for the legislation, which would effectively override state vaccine safety laws in the case of an emergency declaration by HHS, by making clear they would not produce new vaccines unless the legislation was enacted.
During and in the aftermath of the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, PREPA is being invoked in a variety of lawsuits, many involving skilled nursing or assisted living facilities where COVID-19 countermeasures including the administration or non-administration of vaccines is said to have resulted in or contributed to resident deaths. Although PREPA was around for more than 15 years, prior to COVID-19, the act's defensive application in litigation was not widespread, but now the application of the act is being included more frequently in a variety of COVID-19 related lawsuits, including Shareholder Derivative Litigation.
Legislative process
Legislative leaders Senator Bill Frist and Congressman Dennis Hastert were among the backers of PREPA legislation. Rep. Nathan Deal spoke on the House floor in support of the bill, calling it "absolutely critical legislation". It was added to the final version of a Department of Defense-appropriations bill (H.R. 2863) while the bill was negotiated between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
On December 19, 2005, the appropriations bill with the PREPA legislation was approved by the House of Representatives in a vote of 308–106, with 2 voting Present and 18 not voting. On December 22, it was approved by the Senate in a vote of 93–0, with 7 not voting. President Bush signed the bill into law on December 30.
Funding
Of the $3.8 billion earmarked for pandemic preparedness, $350 million is slated for improvement of state and local preparedness. HHS will use most of the balance on "core preparedness activities", such as developing vaccines and stockpiling antiviral drugs. Under PREPA, an HHS emergency declaration will trigger establishment of a fund for "timely, uniform, and adequate compensation" program for vaccine injuries, but no funding provisions for such purposes were included in its language.
Liability protection and consolidation of oversight
PREPA was designed specifically to encourage rapid production of vaccines to protect American citizens in case of a potential public health threat. However, the primary effects of the legislation hinge on liability protections for drug companies, under provisions intended to remove financial risk barriers for any new vaccines that need to be rushed to market in case of an emergency. Under PREPA, the HHS secretary will have primary responsibility for making decisions on whether or not to declare an emergency that would justify removing financial risk barriers, which otherwise would cause a prudent manufacturer to exercise caution. Pursuant to such an emergency declaration, liability protection would extend to doctors and other individuals and organizations involved with countermeasures, which may include any medical product to prevent, treat, mitigate, or diagnose an epidemic.
The act does not list any criteria for determining the existence of an emergency, but it does specify that any such declaration would have to list the diseases, populations, and geographic areas covered and when the emergency would end.
PREPA removes the right to a jury trial for persons injured by a covered vaccine, unless a plaintiff can provide clear evidence of willful misconduct that resulted in death or serious physical injury. The act instructs the HHS secretary to write regulations "that further restrict the scope of actions or omissions by a covered person" that constitute willful misconduct.
A plaintiff whose claim is subject to PREPA can sue the defendant only in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. For such a civil action, PREPA requires the complaint to be pleaded with particularity, verified under oath by the plaintiff, and accompanied by an affidavit from a non-treating physician to explain how the covered countermeasure injured the plaintiff, as well as relevant medical records.
In the event of an emergency declared by HHS, Federal law would preempt all state provisions related to pandemic emergency preparedness, and would supersede any state provision governing vaccines. PREPA applies to any drug, vaccine, or biological product that the HHS secretary deems a "covered countermeasure," or that the secretary decides is a public health situation that could become an emergency at some point in the future, whether or not there is a specific relationship to a dangerous pandemic or bioterrorism.
By invoking provisions of PREPA, the HHS secretary can wield broad authority to declare an emergency, which in turn would trigger drug company immunity from liability at any time, thereby conferring upon drug companies legal immunity for harm caused by their misconduct. The immunity that could be conferred on drug and vaccine manufacturers can be applied regardless of wrongdoing by affected drug companies.
Definitions
The PREPA defines terms such as covered countermeasure and qualified pandemic or epidemic product in terms related to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, specifically section 201(g) drugs and section 201(h) medical devices. The definitions of security countermeasure and biological product are related only internally.
PREPA covers many kinds of LOSS, including
death;
physical, mental, or emotional injury, illness, disability, or condition;
fear of physical, mental, or emotional injury, illness, disability, or condition, including any need for medical monitoring; and
loss of or damage to property, including business interruption loss.
Opposition
Numerous consumer organizations vigorously opposed the legislation, including A-CHAMP, Eagle Forum, and Public Citizen, as well as first responder organizations representing nurses, firemen and veterans. A-CHAMP ran a series of full page advertisements in various publications in opposition to PREPA. Because the legislation delegates broad legislative power to the executive branch of government, opponents view it as a violation of fundamental principles of the U.S. Constitution.
Senator Edward Kennedy issued a statement demanding repeal of the PREPA legislation, while condemning the liability provisions as a giveaway to the drug industry. Kennedy said the bill makes it "essentially impossible" for injured parties to sue for damages, and that the measure allows common diseases to be used as a reason to activate the liability shield. Kennedy also notes that one of the drug companies that lobbied for PREPA is Sanofi Pasteur, which is under Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigation for being connected to at least five cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome caused by its meningococcal vaccine.
When the PREPA legislation was presented, its broad liability shields, its potential for undermining state vaccine laws, and its consolidation of responsibility within the executive branch were misrepresented in Congress and media, according to critics, who note that it was portrayed instead as primarily concerned with preparations to combat the avian flu.
Opponents also contended that PREPA would contribute to the potential for abuse of discretion by the George W. Bush Administration, which was generally perceived as friendly to the drug industry. In particular, critics were concerned about the possibility that state laws banning thimerosal containing vaccines (TCVs) may be preempted. If the HHS secretary designates that a vaccine is a covered countermeasure, thimerosal (a mercury containing preservative) can be used in the vaccine, even in states that have enacted such bans.
See also
Vaccines for the New Millennium Act
References
External links
GallatinNewsExaminer.com - 'Hastert, Frist said to rig bill for drug firms: Frist denies protection was added in secret', Bill Theobald, Gannett News Service (February 9, 2006)
Pitt.edu - 'Vaccine liability law changes proposed by Democrats', Chris Buell, Jurist Legal News & Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Law (February 15, 2006)
Senate.gov - 'Harkin Calls on Frist and Hastert to Repeal "Dead of Night" Vaccine Liability Provision and Enact Real Protections (February 15, 2006)
SLWeekly.com - 'Side Effects: Leavitt’s new power to limit suits against pharmaceutical companies has some critics feeling a bit ill', Louis Godfrey, Salt Lake City Weekly (February 9, 2006)
SMMirror.com - 'Allowing the Drug Companies to Poison Our Children' (editorial), Lewis Seiler and Dan Hamburg, Santa Monica Mirror (March 30, 2006)
UMN.edu - 'Pandemic funding, liability shield clear Congress' (December 28, 2005)
Vaccination law
United States federal health legislation
Acts of the 109th United States Congress
Disaster preparedness in the United States
Vaccination in the United States
Drug policy of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Readiness%20and%20Emergency%20Preparedness%20Act |
Broadway is a 1942 crime drama musical film directed by William A. Seiter and starring George Raft as himself and Pat O'Brien as a detective. The supporting cast features Janet Blair and Broderick Crawford.
Another fictionalized biographical movie based on Raft's life, The George Raft Story (1961), featured a different actor (Ray Danton) playing Raft.
Plot
George Raft, a Hollywood dancer, returns to Manhattan and recalls working in a nightclub with a bootlegger's girlfriend.
Cast
George Raft as George Raft
Pat O'Brien as Dan McCorn
Janet Blair as Billie Moore
Broderick Crawford as Steve Crandall
Marjorie Rambeau as Lillian (Lil) Rice
Anne Gwynne as Pearl
S. Z. Sakall as Nick
Edward Brophy as Porky (as Edward S. Brophy)
Marie Wilson as Grace
Gus Schilling as Joe
Ralf Harolde as Dolph
Arthur Shields as Pete Dailey
Iris Adrian as Maisie
Janet Warren as Ruby (as Elaine Morey)
Dorothy Moore as Ann
Nestor Paiva as Rinalti
Abner Biberman as Trado
Damian O'Flynn as Scar Edwards
Mack Gray as Mack 'Killer' Gray
Production
Universal paid $175,000 for the rights to the 1926 play of the same name that had previously been filmed in 1929. On Broadway, Lee Tracy played the dancer, Thomas Jackson played the detective and Paul Porcasi played the nightclub owner. In the 1929 film, Jackson and Porcasi reprised their roles and Glenn Tryon replaced Tracy. Pat O'Brien once played the detective role in a road show.
In February 1941, Universal announced the film for the coming year. Bruce Manning, a writer who had recently been promoted to producer, would produce and George Raft and Broderick Crawford would star. Manning and Felix Young were to write the screenplay.
However, Raft was under contract for three more pictures with Warner Bros., which refused to loan him to Universal. Raft had been refusing roles that he did not like over the course of eight months, but an agreement was reached whereby $27,500 would be taken from Raft's salary to allow Warner Bros. to borrow Robert Cummings from Universal. In December 1941, Raft signed on to make the film.
Manning wanted to change the bootlegger characters from the play into foreign agents. He discussed the story with Raft and recognized the similarities between the story of Roy, the dancer played on stage by Tracy, and that of Raft's early career. He kept the characters as bootleggers but changed the story to focus on Raft. He also added a prologue and epilogue in which Raft returns to New York after establishing himself as a movie star.
In February 1942, O'Brien signed on and filming began.
Reception
The film was a success with audiences.
The Los Angeles Times called Broadway a "sock melodrama." Filmink said that the film "... isn’t particularly well remembered but it's a lot of fun, with plenty of gunfire and dancing, and was reasonably popular – Raft was best known for his gangster movies, but he was also a half-decent draw in musicals."
References
External links
Review of film at Variety
1940s musical drama films
1942 films
American black-and-white films
American mystery drama films
1940s English-language films
Films about actors
Films about musical theatre
Films about theatre
American films based on plays
Films directed by William A. Seiter
Films set in New York City
Universal Pictures films
Films scored by Frank Skinner
American musical drama films
American crime drama films
1942 crime drama films
1940s mystery drama films
1940s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway%20%281942%20film%29 |
This is the complete list of women's Olympic medalists in fencing.
Current Program
Foil, Individual
Foil, Team
Épée, Individual
Épée, Team
Sabre, Individual
Sabre, Team
All-time medal table - Women's - 1924–2016
References
International Olympic Committee results database
Fencing (women)
medalists
Olympic, women
Fencing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Olympic%20medalists%20in%20fencing%20%28women%29 |
Karel Kovařovic (9 December 1862 6 December 1920) was a Czech composer and conductor from Prague.
Life
From 1873 to 1879 he studied clarinet, harp and piano at the Prague Conservatory. He began his career as a harpist. In 1900 Kovařovic became the conductor of the national theatre in Prague, due mostly to the success of his opera The Dogheads, after the novel of the same name (about Jan Sladký Kozina) by Alois Jirásek. His engagement at the National Theatre lasted twenty years, until 1920. He composed seven operas.
Kovařovic is most remembered today for the revisions he made to Leoš Janáček's Jenůfa for its premiere in Prague, and it was in his version that the opera was heard for many years.
A recording of The Dogheads, featuring Beno Blachut, exists.
Compositions
Orchestra
1880 Předehra veseloherní (Comic overture)
1883 Únos Persefony, symphonic poem
1887 Concerto in f mineur, for piano and orchestra, op. 6
1892 Předehra dramatická (Dramatic overture)
1900 Fantasie from the opera "Prodaná nevěsta" of Bedřich Smetana
Deux suites de ballet
Gavotta, for violin and string quartet, op. 4
Havířská polka (Miners' polka) from play Mr Brouček's excursion to the Exhibition (1894)
Valčík (waltz), for chamber orchestra
Works for wind band
1911 Lustspiel Ouverture
1914 Vzpomínky
Havířská polka
Theatre
Operas
Ballet
Incidental music
1918 Loutkářův sirotek, melodrama – text: Svatopluk Čech "Ve stínu lípy"
Zlatý kolovrat, melodrama – text: Karel Jaromír Erben
Vocal music
Works for choir
1890 Královničky; staré obřadné tance moravské se zpěvy, for women (SSAA) en piano (of harmonium)
Song
1880 Osmero písní, for soprano and piano, op. 1
1885 Tři žertovné písně (Three humorous songs)
1887 Jarní květy (Spring blossoms), for soprano and piano, op. 7
1892–1893 Čtyři písně (Four songs), op. 18
Der Abendstern – text: August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben
Gottes Nähe
Frühlings Mahnung – text: August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben
Im Arm der Liebe schlummre ein – text: Georg Scheurlin
1897–1898 Dvě písně (Two songs), for soprano or tenor and piano
1915 Slovácká píseň, for high voice and piano – text: Ema Destinnová
1919 Svítání (Dayspring), for voice and orchestra – text: Vojtěch Martínek
Chamber music
String quartet No 1 (1885)
String quartet No 2 (1887)
String quartet No 3 (1889)
Romance for violin and piano, op. 2
Works for piano
1885 Co ti to napadá, polka
1910 Deux valses,
1910 Polka
1910 Deux mazurkas
Čtverylka, quadrille
Národní tance
Pasačka
Starodávný
Holuběnka
Naše vlast, fantasie
Notes
References
External links
Works
1862 births
1920 deaths
Czech classical composers
Czech male classical composers
Czech conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
Czech opera composers
Male opera composers
19th-century classical composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century conductors (music)
Composers from Prague
Prague Conservatory alumni
20th-century Czech male musicians
Composers from Austria-Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20Kova%C5%99ovic |
Julie Bénédicte Deiters (born 4 September 1975 in Meudon) is a France-born former Dutch field hockey player. She played 166 international matches for the Netherlands, in which the defender scored fourteen goals.
Deiters was a member of the Netherlands squad that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. A player from Amsterdam, Deiters made her debut on 4 February 1997 in a friendly against South Africa. Her last match for the Dutch Women's Team came on August 26, 2001, when she faced Argentina (2-3) during the Champions Trophy in Amstelveen.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Dutch female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Dutch people of French descent
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
People from Meudon
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie%20Deiters |
KDX (Korean Destroyer eXperimental) is a substantial shipbuilding program embarked on by the Republic of Korea Navy.
It is a three-phased program consisting of three individual classes of ships:
KDX-I (3,800 tons),
KDX-II (5,500 tons),
Aegis-equipped KDX-III (11,000 tons).
KDX-IIA, planned derivative of KDX-II with Aegis combat system (5,500 ~ 7,500 tons)
Gwanggaeto the Great class destroyer (KDX-I)
Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin class destroyer (KDX-II)
Sejong the Great class destroyer (KDX-III)
Destroyers of the Republic of Korea Navy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%20Destroyer%20eXperimental |
A Bay of Blood (Italian: Ecologia del delitto, lit. "Ecology of Crime", later retitled Reazione a catena [lit. "Chain Reaction"]) (also known as Carnage, Twitch of the Death Nerve and Blood Bath) is a 1971 Italian giallo slasher film directed by Mario Bava. Bava co-wrote the screenplay with Giuseppe Zaccariello, Filippo Ottoni, and Sergio Canevari, with story credit given to Dardano Sacchetti and Franco Barberi. The film stars Claudine Auger, Luigi Pistilli, Brigitte Skay, Nicoletta Elmi and Laura Betti. Carlo Rambaldi created the gruesome special make-up effects. The story details a string of mysterious murders that occur around the titular bay.
Widely considered Bava's most violent film, its emphasis on graphically bloody murder set pieces was hugely influential on the slasher film subgenre that would follow a decade later. In 2005, the magazine Total Film named A Bay of Blood one of the 50 greatest horror films of all time.
Plot
At night in her bayside mansion, wheelchair-using Countess Federica Donati is attacked and strangled to death by her husband, Filippo Donati. Moments later, Filippo himself is stabbed to death by an assailant, and his corpse is then dragged to the bay. Upon investigation, the police find what they believe to be a suicide note written by the Countess, but Filippo's murder goes undiscovered.
Real estate agent Frank Ventura and his lover Laura plot to take possession of the bay. After the Countess refused to sell her home and property to them, the couple hatched a scheme with Filippo to murder his wife. To finalize their plan, Ventura needs Filippo's signature on a set of legal documents. They have no idea, however, that Filippo himself has been killed.
Their curiosity piqued by news of the murder, four local teenagers Duke, Bobby, Denise, and Brunhilde break into the seemingly deserted mansion and are murdered. Brunhilde skinny dips at the lake, then is chased and has her throat slit with a billhook. Bobby has his face split open with the same billhook. Duke and Denise are both impaled with a spear while having sex. The Countess's illegitimate son Simon, who lives on the grounds in a separate shack, is the killer.
After killing Filippo, he is now conspiring with Ventura, who offers Simon a huge cash pay-off to sign the relevant legal documents. Their scheme is dealt a potentially ruinous blow when Filippo's estranged daughter Renata appears, determined to ensure that her father's estate comes into her possession. A search for a will proves unsuccessful, and Ventura, who believes that Renata may be the rightful beneficiary, urges Simon to kill his stepsister.
Accompanied by her husband Albert and leaving their young son and daughter in a caravan nearby, Renata visits the house of Paolo Fossati, an entomologist living on the grounds of the Donati estate. Fossati's wife, Anna, tells them that Filippo was responsible for the Countess's death and says that Simon will probably end up with the property. Renata, unaware that she had a stepbrother, makes plans with her husband to murder Simon.
After discovering Filippo's mangled and rotting corpse on Simon's boat, Renata and Albert head to Ventura's house. Upon their arrival, Ventura attacks Renata, but Renata gains the upper hand and stabs Ventura with a large pair of scissors in his femoral artery. Paolo Fossati, who witnesses the assault, attempts to telephone the police but is confronted by Albert, who strangles him to death with the phone's cord. Renata decapitates Anna with an ax to ensure there are no additional witnesses.
Ventura's partner Laura arrives, planning to meet up with him. When Simon discovers that it was the pair who had plotted with Filippo to kill his mother, he strangles Laura to death. No sooner has he exacted his revenge than Simon himself is murdered by Albert. The wounded Ventura reappears, but Albert kills him after a brief struggle.
Knowing there are now no other living heirs, Albert and Renata prepare to return home to await the announcement of their inheritance when they are shot dead from the caravan by their son, who has mistaken their shotgun for a toy. The son and daughter think that their parents are playing dead and rush off outside to play along the bay.
Cast
Claudine Auger as Renata Donati
Luigi Pistilli as Alberto (Albert in the English version)
Claudio Volonté as Simone (Simon)
Laura Betti as Anna Fossati
Leopoldo Trieste as Paolo Fossati (Paul Fossati)
Isa Miranda as Countessa Federica Donati
Chris Avram as Franco Ventura (Frank Ventura)
Anna Maria Rosati as Laura
Brigitte Skay as Louise (Brunhilde)
Paola Montenero (as Paola Rubens) as Sylvie (Denise)
Guido Boccaccini as Luca (Duke)
Roberto Bonanni as Roberto (Bobby)
Giovanni Nuvoletti as Count Filippo Donati
Renato Cestiè as Son
Nicoletta Elmi as Daughter
Production
The genesis of A Bay of Blood was when producer Dino De Laurentiis heard that Dardano Sacchetti, screenwriter of the popular The Cat o' Nine Tails, had fallen out with the film's director Dario Argento. He contacted Sacchetti and persuaded him to collaborate with director Mario Bava on a giallo film. Sacchetti and Bava got along well, and together came up with a story in which two parents commit murder to secure a better future for their children. In this early version of the story, the parents are driven to commit one murder after another in a chain reaction, becoming so caught up in their plan that they abandon their children for several days. When they return home, the starving and terrified children kill them. The thirteen murders were conceived as isolated sequences, with no initial idea of how they would fit into the story; Sacchetti credits Bava with the idea of two people being killed with a spear while making love and himself with the idea of a woman being killed in her wheelchair.
Sacchetti wrote the first draft of the script, titled Cosi imparano a fare i cattivi ("That Will Teach Them to Be Bad") after a line spoken by the children after killing their parents, with his writing partner Franco Barbieri. However, spectacular arguments with Bava and the production team led to Barbieri being fired, and Sacchetti quit as an act of solidarity with his partner. De Laurentiis, disenchanted when The Cat o' Nine Tails failed to recreate its domestic popularity when released abroad, also abandoned the project.
Bava, owing a massive amount in back taxes, felt he needed to complete a film soon, and turned to Giuseppe Zaccariello (who had silently backed Bava's earlier films Hatchet for the Honeymoon and Five Dolls for an August Moon) to take over as producer. Zaccariello insisted that the shooting script be written by Filippo Ottoni, who was reluctant to take the job since he did not like exploitation films. Numerous other writers, including Zaccariello himself, had their hands involved in devising the final screenplay.
The cast included Laura Betti, who had got along well with Bava on Hatchet for the Honeymoon. At the time De Laurentiis approached Bava about working with Sacchetti, Bava and Betti had been toying with the idea of making a movie called "Odore di carne" ("stench of flesh") about cannibalism on Los Angeles colleges.
The film began production in early 1971, still under the shooting title Cosi imparano a fare i cattivi, which was soon changed to Reazione a catena ("chain reaction"). Yet another title used during shooting was La baia d'argento ("the bay of silver"), discarded for fear that the movie would be perceived as a parody of Dario Argento's works as a result. The final title of Ecologia del delitto was suggested by Zaccariello because the word "ecologia" was in vogue at the time. The film's budget was extremely low, and it had to be shot very quickly and cheaply. Due to the severe budgetary restrictions, Bava not only acted as his own cinematographer, but also utilized a simple child's wagon for the film's many tracking shots.
The location shooting was mostly completed at Zaccariello's Sabaudia beach house and its outlying property. Bava had to resort to various camera tricks to convince the audience that an entire forest existed when in fact, only a few scattered trees were at the location. Betti recalled: "All of this had to occur in a forest. But where was it? Bava said, 'Don't worry. I will do the forest'. And he found a florist who was selling these little stupid branches with little bits of foliage on them, and he began to make them dance in front of the camera! We had to act the scenes strictly in front of those branches—if we moved even an inch either way, the 'woods' would disappear!"
To ensure the utmost realism in depicting the thirteen different murders, Carlo Rambaldi was hired to provide the special make-up effects. To create the deaths of Anna, Brunhilda, and Denise, wax effigies of the actresses' throats and backs were constructed and rigged to expulse brightly colored blood when cut. The illusion of Bobby being stabbed in the face with a billhook was achieved with a prop blade which was swiftly pulled out of frame to hide the fact that it was sculpted to conform exactly to actor Roberto Bonanni's profile.
Release
A Bay of Blood was promoted with multiple different titles in Italy. The film was announced as Antefatto ("Before the Fact"), but when finally released to theatres, the title had changed to Ecologia del delitto ("Ecology of Crime"). When the film did poorly on its initial release, it was pulled from Italian theaters and retitled Reazione a Catena ("Chain Reaction"), and was later re-released as Bahia de Sangre ("Bay of Blood" in Spanish).
A Bay of Blood was acquired up for US distribution in 1972 by Steve Minasian's Hallmark Releasing, which specialized in exploitation films. Premiering the film under its original English title, Carnage, Hallmark copied their successful advertising campaign for Mark of the Devil by proclaiming that Bava's film was "The Second Film Rated 'V' for Violence!" (Devil having been the first). This campaign prompted a lawsuit from the Motion Picture Association of America on the grounds that it intruded on their exclusive right to rate motion pictures, and the film was withdrawn and re-released under the now common title Twitch of the Death Nerve with a R rating appearing in advertisements. Thanks to Hallmark's distribution partnership with Bava's former employer American International Pictures, the film played for years under this title in drive-ins and grindhouses throughout the country as part of a double or triple bill with other Hallmark/AIP films, most notably Wes Craven's equally-influential The Last House on the Left and Fernando Di Leo's Slaughter Hotel, but it has since been re-released theatrically and on home video under a variety of titles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://videowatchdog.blogspot.com.co/2007/09/first-look-abes-bay-of-blood.html |last=Lucas|first=Tim|title=First Look: ABE's BAY OF BLOOD|publisher=Video Watchblog|access-date=2007-09-19}}</ref> In the US alone, its later titles include A Bay of Blood, Last House on the Left Part II, Last House Part II and New House on the Left.
Critical responseA Bay of Blood was greeted with extreme controversy and disappointment by several critics, especially by those who were fans of the director's earlier, more restrained films. At the 1971 Avoriaz Film Festival, where the movie had its world premiere, Christopher Lee attended a screening of the film, having expressed an interest in seeing the latest effort from the director of The Whip and the Body, which Lee had starred in eight years before. Lee was reportedly completely revolted by the film. The festival jurors awarded the film the Best Make-Up and Special Effects Award. Rambaldi's effects work also earned the film a "Special Mention" Award at the prestigious Sitges Film Festival in 1971.
Controversy of the film continued in subsequent years and maintained a mixed critical response. Jeffrey Frentzen, reviewing the film for Cinefantastique, called Twitch of the Death Nerve "the director's most complete failure to date. If you were appalled by the gore and slaughter in Blood and Black Lace, this latest film contains twice the murders, each one accomplished with an obnoxious detail... Red herrings are ever-present, and serve as the only interest keeping the plot in motion, but nothing really redeems the dumb storyline". Gary Johnson, on his Images website, said that "Twitch of the Death Nerve is made for people who derive pleasure from seeing other people killed... The resulting movie is guaranteed to make audiences squirm, but the violence is near pornographic. In the same way that pornographic movies reduce human interactions to the workings of genitals, Twitch of the Death Nerve reduces cinematic thrills to little more than knives slicing through flesh". Phil Hardy's The Aurum Film Encyclopedia: Horror, while noting that Bava was able to "achieve some striking images", opined "zooms, no doubt programmed by the imperative to work quickly, spoil some scenes that cried out for Bava's particularly fluid use of camera movement which were so much in evidence in Operazione Paura (1966)".
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, A Bay of Blood holds an 86% approval rating based on 14 critic reviews, with an average rating of 7.10/10. Joe Dante was enthusiastic about the film, writing in The Film Bulletin (later reprinted in Video Watchdog) that it "features enough violence and gore to satisfy the most rabid mayhem fans and benefits from the inimitably stylish direction of horror specialist Mario Bava (Black Sunday). Assembled with a striking visual assurance that never ceases to amuse, this is typical Bava material, simply one ghastly murder after another13 in allsurrounded by what must be one of the most preposterous and confusing plots ever put on film". In Fangoria, Tim Lucas wrote thirteen years after the film's theatrical release that "Twitch unreels like a macabre, ironic joke, a movie built like an inescapable trap for its own anti-hero... Seen today, the violence in this movie remains as potent and explicit as anything glimpsed in contemporary 'splatter' features..."
Legacy
Several critics have noted that the film is probably the most influential of Bava's career, as it had a huge and profound impact on the slasher film genre. It has also been credited as his most impactful work in the international cinema. Writing in 2000, Tim Lucas wrote that Bava's film is "the acknowledged smoking gun behind the 'body count' movie phenomenon of the 1980s, which continues to dominate the horror genre two decades later with such films as Scream, I Know What You Did Last Summer and their respective sequels". According to Gary Johnson, "Twitch of the Death Nerve is one of the most imitated movies of the past 30 years. It helped kick start the slasher genre… [Bava's] influence still resonates today (although somewhat dully) in movies such as I Know What You Did Last Summer, Scream and Urban Legend". It was listed at No. 94 in IndieWires "The 100 Greatest Horror Movies of All-Time", with its entry stating that the film "remains a vital watch for horror fans, and a reminder of how Bava continued to push horror into new and interesting realms, the reverberations of which are still felt today".
Several commentators have noted that two sequences in the 1981 film Friday the 13th Part 2 are strikingly similar to two of Bava's murder sequences: one character is slammed in the face with a hawkbill machete, though Bava's film had a billhook instead, and two teenage lovers are interrupted when a spear impales both of them. Along with The Burning, Just Before Dawn (1981) and several other similarly plotted slashers, Friday'' specifically "followed Bava's inspired cue, having young people stalked by violent death amid beautiful wooded settings".
Notes
References
External links
1971 films
1971 horror films
1971 multilingual films
1970s English-language films
1970s Italian films
1970s Italian-language films
1970s slasher films
American International Pictures films
Films directed by Mario Bava
Films scored by Stelvio Cipriani
Films set in country houses
Films shot in Italy
Giallo films
Italian exploitation films
Italian horror films
Italian multilingual films
Italian serial killer films
Italian slasher films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Bay%20of%20Blood |
Myrna Veenstra (born 4 March 1975) is a former field hockey player from the Netherlands. She was born in Goes and played 79 international matches for the Netherlands as a defender. During her international career, she scored one goal.
Veenstra was a member of the Netherlands squad that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She made her first international appearance on 6 February 1997 in a friendly against South Africa. Her last match for the Dutch Women's Team came on 29 September 2000, when they faced Spain (2-0) during the bronze medal match at the Sydney Olympics.
External links
1975 births
Living people
Dutch female field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Sportspeople from Goes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrna%20Veenstra |
Bruce Churchill Murray (November 30, 1931 – August 29, 2013) was an American planetary scientist. He was a director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and co-founder of The Planetary Society.
Education and early life
Murray received his Ph.D. in geology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1955 and joined Standard Oil of California as a geologist. He served in the United States Air Force as a geophysicist, and the U.S. Civil Service before joining California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1960.
Main career
At Caltech, Murray became an associate professor in 1963, a full professor in 1969, and a professor emeritus in 2001. He would later become professor emeritus of planetary science and geology.
Murray began working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (managed by/affiliated with Caltech) in 1960, and served as its director from April 1, 1976, to June 30, 1982. He was an important force in promoting the recruitment and hiring of female engineers at the lab, where more women are employed today than any other NASA facility. Murray became JPL's director at a time when space exploration budgets were shrinking; among other achievements, he saved the Galileo mission to Jupiter from the budget axe.
Murray worked out the geologic history of Mars using photographs taken by Mariner 4 in 1965; he worked with Bob Leighton to accomplish this task. He applied similar photographic analysis when he served as chief scientist of Mariner 10. As he took over management of JPL, he expressed reservations about the Viking lander program, pointing out that the biological experiments included with the spacecraft were not sufficient to accomplish their stated goals.
In 1971, he participated in a symposium on the occasion of the arrival of Mariner 9 to Mars, together with Ray Bradbury, Arthur C. Clarke, Carl Sagan, and Walter Sullivan. Their discussions were recorded in the book Mars and the Mind of Man.
With Carl Sagan and Louis Friedman, Murray founded The Planetary Society in 1980. He also served a term as its chair.
Personal life and death
Murray was twice married. With his first wife, Joan O'Brien, he had three children. Murray and O'Brien divorced in 1970. In 1971, Murray married Suzanne Murray, with whom he had two children.
One of Murray's cousins is former Speaker of the House Tom Foley.
Murray died at his home in Oceanside, California on August 29, 2013, from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 81.
Awards and honors
Murray was the recipient of the 1997 Carl Sagan Memorial Award.
In 2004, Murray was awarded the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology in Telluride, Colorado.
Asteroid 4957 Brucemurray is named after him, and the asteroid 2392 Jonathan Murray is named after his son.
On November 13, 2013, NASA announced the names of two features on Mars important to two active Mars exploration rovers in honor of Murray: "Murray Ridge", an uplifted crater that the Opportunity rover was exploring; and "Murray Buttes", an entryway the Curiosity rover had to traverse on its way to Mount Sharp.
References
External links
JPL History
Murray's homepage
1931 births
2013 deaths
American geologists
California Institute of Technology faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Planetary scientists
Presidents of The Planetary Society
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in California
Scientists from New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20C.%20Murray |
Pete Lesperance is a Canadian guitarist, singer, songwriter, and producer best known as the lead guitarist for the Canadian hard rock band Harem Scarem. Lesperance was born October 13, 1968, in Scarborough, Ontario. Lesperance was a guitarist in the Oshawa metal band Minotaur before forming Harem Scarem with Blind Vengeance vocalist Harry Hess in 1987.
Lesperance's solo album, Down In It, was released in 2004 in Japan only, where Harem Scarem had their main fanbase. With fellow guitarist Mike Turner (ex-Our Lady Peace), they put together the band Fair Ground. Together they released a new version of Down In It.
Lesperance's own studio, Hope Songs, is located in Toronto, Ontario. Lesperance has produced many bands, including the rock band One Short. He is currently finishing up albums for Canadian Idol contestants Aaron Walpole and Suzi Rawn.
His influences include Eddie Van Halen, Brian May, Nuno Bettencourt and Steve Vai.
Discography
With Minotaur
83-87 (EP) (2004) -material was recorded in the early 80s
With Harem Scarem
Harem Scarem (1991)
Mood Swings (1993)
Voice of Reason (1995)
Karma Cleansing (1997)
Big Bang Theory (1998)
Weight of the World (2002)
Higher (2003)
Overload (2005)
Human Nature (2006)
Hope (2008)
Mood Swings II (2013)
Thirteen (2014)
United (2017)
Change The World (2020)
With Rubber
Rubber (1999)
Ultra Feel (2001)
Solo
Down In It (2004)
Fade Into Stars (2012)
Fair Ground
Fair Ground was an alternative rock collaboration formed by Pete Lesperance and Mike Turner (Our Lady Peace). Originally Turner was to make a guest appearance on Lesperance's solo album, but this developed into Fair Ground's only album, Down In It, which was released on November 6, 2006. Following an internet poll the group released the song "Down In It" as a single. This was followed by "Boy Without A Clue".
Down In It (2006). Track listing:
"Down In It" - 3:40
"Automatic" - 3:25
"Say You Will" - 3:33
"Nameless" - 3:33
"What are you Waiting For?" - 3:20
"Boy Without a Clue" - 4:03
"Skeleton Tree" - 3:47
"No Sign of Life" - 3:45
"Upside Down" - 3:37
"Life Goes On" - 3:17
"Life Goes On" (Acoustic Bonus Track) - 3:31
Guest Appearances/Collaborations
Doctor Rock & The Wild Bunch - Eye of the Hurricane (1991) - Guitars
Doctor Rock & The Wild Bunch - Stark Raving Mad (1994) - Guitars
Honeymoon Suite - 13 Live (1994) - Engineer, Mixer
Mystery - Backwards (1995) - Producer (with Harry Hess)
Lame - Ol' Doctor Bomb (1996) - Producer (With Harry Hess)
Fall From Grace - Within The Savage Garden (1997) - Guitar Technician
Steve Holliday - Stark Raving Mad (1997) - Guitars
Xntrik - Focus (1997) - Guitar Technician
Fiore - Body Electric (1998) - Producer
Fiore - Today Till' Tomorrow (1998) - Producer (With Harry Hess)
Rafa Martin - Corazon De Hierro (2000) - Guitars
Stupid Angel - Stupid Angel (2000) - Producer (With Harry Hess)
John Boswell - Stranger In The Mirror (2002) - Guitars
Ken Tamplin - Wake The Nations (2003) - Guitars
Maureen Leeson - aka MOE (2003) - Guitars
Billy Klippert - Billy Klippert (2004) - Composer, Guitars
Brian Tulk - The Pop Machine (2004) - Guitars
Brian Tulk - Paperweight (2007) - Guitars
John Grolman - Existence (2009) - Guitars, Backing Vocals
LORD - Set in Stone (2009) - Guest guitar solo: Track 11: "New Horizons"
Liberty N' Justice - Light It Up (2010) - Guitars, Backing Vocals: Track 11: "Beautiful Decision"
References
External links
Official Site
Official Harem Scarem Site
Minotaur Myspace
[ Down In It]
My Remote Producer
1968 births
Canadian rock guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Living people
People from Scarborough, Toronto
Musicians from Toronto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Lesperance |
The Honeywell TPE331 (military designation: T76) is a turboprop engine. It was designed in the 1950s by Garrett AiResearch, and produced since 1999 by successor Honeywell Aerospace. The engine's power output ranges from .
Design and development
Garrett AiResearch designed the TPE331 from scratch in 1959 for the military. “Designed as a 575-horsepower engine it was not a scaled-down version of a larger engine, as competitors were offering.”
The TPE331 originated in 1961 as a gas turbine (the "331") to power helicopters. It first went into production in 1963. More than 700 had been shipped by the end of 1973. It was designed to be both a turboshaft (TSE331) and a turboprop (TPE331), but the turboshaft version never went into production. The first engine was produced in 1963, installed on the Aero Commander in 1964 and put into production on the Aero Commander Turbo Commander in June 1965.
Performance
The 715 shp TPE331-6 used in the Beech King Air B100 have a 400-hr. fuel nozzle cleaning interval, 1,800-hr. hot section inspection interval and a 5,400-hr. time between overhaul; approval is possible for 3,000-hr. HSIs and 6,000-hr. overhauls and engine reserves are cheaper than for the PT6A.
Variants
Military variants (T76)
T76-G-2
T76-G-4
T76-G-6
T76-G-8
T76-G-10
T76-G-12
T76-G-12A
T76-G-14
T76-G-16
T76-G-410
T76-G-411
T76-G-416
T76-G-417
T76-G-418
T76-G-419
T76-G-420
T76-G-421
Commercial variants (TPE331)
Applications
Fitted with TPE-331s as a replacement for their original engines
Specifications
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
TPE 331 Cost Protection Programs
TPE 331 Engine Conversions
Power and fuel flow versus altitude and speed, for version 10. (Archive)
1960s turboprop engines
TPE331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell%20TPE331 |
Sidney Rochell Lowe (born January 21, 1960) is an American former basketball player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Lowe played college basketball and served as the head coach at North Carolina State University (NC State).
Biography
Lowe began his career at DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland. He played collegiate basketball at NC State. He was the point guard for the Wolfpack's 1983 NCAA National Championship. Lowe was selected by the Chicago Bulls with the 1st pick of the second round in the 1983 NBA draft. He played a total of four seasons in the NBA, for five different teams.
After retiring from basketball in 1991, Lowe took a job as an assistant coach with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Halfway through the 1992–93 season he took over as head coach of the struggling Timberwolves and remained in that position until the end of the 1993–94 season. From 1994 to 1999, Lowe served as an assistant coach to Mike Fratello with the Cleveland Cavaliers. Lowe returned to the Timberwolves organization in 1999 for one season as assistant coach.
The 2000–01 NBA season became Lowe's second stint as a head coach when he assumed the role for the Vancouver Grizzlies. He was the fifth head coach in the team's short history and led them to a franchise-best record of 23–59 in his first season and again the following season in 2001–02, when the Grizzlies relocated to Memphis. Sidney Lowe resigned from his coaching duties early in the 2002–03 season after starting 0–8, leaving his head coaching record at 79 wins against 228 losses (.257 winning percentage). In 2003, he returned to Minnesota once again to take an assistant position under then head coach Flip Saunders. Lowe followed Saunders to the Detroit Pistons in 2005 and remained an assistant coach there through the 2006 season.
To become eligible for employment as an NCAA head coach, he completed the final nine hours of his business administration degree online via St. Paul's College in Lawrenceville, Virginia. On May 6, 2006, Lowe was named the new head basketball coach of North Carolina State University, replacing Herb Sendek. Lowe was the first African American named head coach of the Wolfpack. One of Lowe's trademarks as a coach was a red blazer he wore to significant games in honor of his former NC State coach, Jim Valvano.
In his first season at the helm of the NC State program, Lowe became just the third Wolfpack coach, after Everett Case and Press Maravich, to win 20 games and defeat the other three North Carolina institutions in the ACC (Duke, North Carolina and Wake Forest). He is one of only four NC State coaches to have coached in the ACC Championship game in their first year.
In spite of the early success, Lowe failed to lead NC State to the NCAA tournament, and his teams only made two appearances in the NIT. He had an overall winning record (86–78) after five years but only a 25–55 conference record. Lowe resigned as head coach of NC State, accepting a buyout of the last two years of his contract, on March 15, 2011. Later that year, he joined the Utah Jazz as an assistant.
At the beginning of the 2014–15 season, Lowe rejoined the Minnesota Timberwolves as an assistant coach. On July 5, 2016, the Washington Wizards announced that Lowe had been hired as an assistant coach. Lowe was hired by the Detroit Pistons beginning the 2018–19 season.
On August 26, 2021, Lowe was hired by the Cleveland Cavaliers as an assistant coach.
Personal life
In 1984, Lowe married Melonie Moultry in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He had 20 groomsmen including Lorenzo Charles, Thurl Bailey, Dereck Whittenburg, Cozell McQueen and Clyde Austin.
NBA playing career
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Indiana
| 78 || 2 || 15.9 || .413 || .111 || .777 || 1.6 || 3.4 || 1.2 || .1 || 4.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| 6 || 0 || 5.2 || .286 || || || .2 || 1.3 || .0 || .0 || .7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Atlanta
| 15 || 0 || 10.6 || .400 || .000 || 1.000 || 1.0 || 2.8 || .7 || .0 || 1.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 14 || 0 || 17.9 || .320 || .000 || .636 || 2.4 || 6.6 || 1.0 || .0 || 1.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Minnesota
| 80 || 38 || 21.8 || .319 || .222 || .722 || 2.0 || 4.2 || .9 || .1 || 2.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 193 || 40 || 17.7|| .367 || .133 || .764 || 1.7 || 3.9 || 1.0 || .0 || 2.9
Head coaching record
NBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Minnesota
| style="text-align:left;"|
|53||13||40|||| align="center"|5th in Midwest|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Minnesota
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||20||62|||| align="center"|5th in Midwest|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Vancouver
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||23||59|||| align="center"|7th in Midwest|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Memphis
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||23||59|||| align="center"|7th in Midwest|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Memphis
| style="text-align:left;"|
|8||0||8|||| align="center"|(resigned)|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
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College
References
External links
Coaching statistics at Basketball-Reference.com
SidneyLowe.com: Sidney Lowe
Living people
1960 births
African-American basketball coaches
African-American basketball players
Albany Patroons players
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American television sports announcers
Basketball coaches from Washington, D.C.
Basketball players from Washington, D.C.
Charlotte Hornets players
Chicago Bulls draft picks
Cleveland Cavaliers assistant coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
DeMatha Catholic High School alumni
Detroit Pistons assistant coaches
Detroit Pistons players
Indiana Pacers players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Memphis Grizzlies head coaches
Minnesota Timberwolves assistant coaches
Minnesota Timberwolves announcers
Minnesota Timberwolves head coaches
Minnesota Timberwolves players
NC State Wolfpack men's basketball coaches
NC State Wolfpack men's basketball players
Point guards
Rapid City Thrillers players
Saint Paul's College (Virginia) alumni
Tampa Bay Thrillers players
Utah Jazz assistant coaches
Vancouver Grizzlies head coaches
Washington Wizards assistant coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney%20Lowe |
The Yale-Myers Forest is a 7,800-acre (32 km2) forest in Northeastern Connecticut owned by Yale University and administered by the Yale School of the Environment. Located in the towns of Union, Ashford, Eastford, and Woodstock, the forest is reputed to be the largest private landholding in the state.
The Yale-Myers Forest is managed according to a philosophy of multiple uses, with scientific research and teaching balanced with commercial timber production. The forest is traversed by the hiking path known as the Nipmuck Trail; this route is the only public access allowed except for permitted hunting in season.
The Yale-Myers Forest is a component of the Yale Forests system, which also includes the 1,100-acre (4.5 km2) Yale-Toumey Forest in the towns of Swanzey and Keene in New Hampshire, and the 462-acre (1.9 km2) Bowen Forest in Mount Holly, Vermont.
Boston Hollow is part of the Yale-Myers Forest.
See also
Quiet Corner
References
Forests of Connecticut
Ashford, Connecticut
Protected areas of Windham County, Connecticut
Union, Connecticut
Yale University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale-Myers%20Forest |
Whitman College is one of seven residential colleges at Princeton University, New Jersey, United States. The college is named after Meg Whitman, a former CEO of eBay, who donated $30 million to build the college. The structures were designed by the architect Demetri Porphyrios, the winner of the 2004 Driehaus Prize. Whitman College was completed in the fall of 2007, and first occupied during the 2007–08 academic year.
Whitman is a four-year residential college, open to students of all four academic classes. Its sister college is Forbes College. Although it is possible for any upperclassman to live in Whitman, priority for housing room draw is given to those upperclassmen who lived in either Whitman or Forbes as underclassmen.
The current head of Whitman is Claire F. Gmachl; she is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University. The Dean is Dr. Jaclyn Schwalm. The Assistant Dean/Director of Studies is Dr. Matthew Newmam, the Assistant Dean/Director of Student Life is Momo Wolapaye, the Program Administrator is Kristin Frasier, and the Office Coordinator is Sara Krause. Josue Lajeunesse, a custodian at Whitman College, is a main subject of the documentary film The Philosopher Kings, and is also an active humanitarian working to make clean water accessible to the people of his home village of Lasource, Haiti.
The residential college comprises seven dormitories: Baker Hall, Hargadon Hall, Fisher Hall, Lauritzen Hall, Class of 1981 Hall, Murley-Pivirotto Family Tower, and Wendell Hall. The college's dining hall is called Community Hall, so named not for the University community but rather after the eBay community.
Whitman College participates in seasonal intramural athletics, including soccer, volleyball and Ultimate Frisbee. Whitman also organizes a variety of other recreational activities, including a craft circle and the Jane Austen literary society.
In 2007, the college was criticized in a Bloomberg Businessweek article for its "over-the-top comforts."
References
External links
Official website
Colleges of Princeton University
2007 establishments in New Jersey
New Classical architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitman%20College%2C%20Princeton%20University |
Suzan Jacobien Unia van der Wielen (born October 30, 1971, in Emmen, Drenthe) is a former field hockey player from the Netherlands, who played 191 international matches for the Netherlands, in which the striker scored a total number of seventy goals.
External links
Dutch Hockey Federation
1971 births
Living people
Dutch female field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
HGC (field hockey) players
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Sportspeople from Emmen, Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzan%20van%20der%20Wielen |
Robert John Kuechenberg (October 14, 1947 – January 12, 2019) was an American professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins for 14 seasons between 1970 and 1983, spending the 1984 season on injured reserve. He was a mainstay in a line that included Hall of Famers Jim Langer, Larry Little, and Dwight Stephenson and played in six Pro Bowls in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He was selected as one of the top 15 finalists for the Pro Football Hall of Fame from 2002 to 2006, and one of the top 17 finalists from 2007 to 2009, but missed the cut every year. He was inducted into the Miami Dolphin's Honor Roll on December 15, 1995. He was the brother of the retired Chicago Bears linebacker Rudy Kuechenberg.
College career
Kuechenberg attended college at the University of Notre Dame, where he played both the offensive and defensive lines.
Before college Kuechenberg attended Hobart High School, located in Hobart, Indiana 10 minutes from Gary, and 30 minutes from Chicago. Kuechenberg played football for the Hobart Brickies in his high school years.
Professional career
Kuechenberg was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles as a fourth-round pick in the 1969 NFL Draft. He quit shortly after training camp started and played a season with the Chicago Owls in the Continental Football League. Kuechenberg signed with the Dolphins as a free agent in 1970. He became a starter that season as the Dolphins finished 10–4 and made the playoffs for the first time in club history. During the next regular season, 1971, Kuechenberg helped the Dolphins make it to the Super Bowl, where they lost to the Dallas Cowboys 24–3.
The next two seasons the Dolphins won the Super Bowl (going 17–0 in 1972) and his play was noticed by New York Post writer Paul Zimmerman, who named Kuechenberg on his All-pro ballot. The following season, 1974, he was named All-AFC by Pro Football Weekly and was named to his first Pro Bowl. He was named 1st team All-Pro in 1975 and in 1978 and was named All-AFC three times. He was Second-team All-Pro in 1977.
Kuechenberg was sometimes critical of his past teams. One such critique prompted then-current Miami All-Pro, Jason Taylor, to comment, "It's another chapter in the grumpy Kuechenberg story. It's Kuechenberg. He gets up every year and complains about something. If it ain't one thing, it's another. He needs a hug and a hobby. It's ridiculous."
Kuechenberg was inducted into the American Football Association's Semi Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1986. In 2013, President Barack Obama honored the entire 1972 Perfect Season Dolphins at an event in the White House, but Kuechenberg declined to attend for political reasons. He told sports columnist Dave Hyde of Ft. Lauderdale's Sun-Sentinel "I want to be careful, because Mom said if you have nothing good to say about someone, then don't say anything. I don't have anything good to say about someone." The Professional Football Researchers Association named Kuechenberg to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2013
He was one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is caused by repeated hits to the head.
References
External links
Pro Football Hall of Fame Finalist
American Football Association
1947 births
2019 deaths
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football offensive guards
Miami Dolphins players
National Football League announcers
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
People from Hobart, Indiana
Sportspeople from Lake County, Indiana
Players of American football from Gary, Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Kuechenberg |
Amar Gamal (born Teresa Infante c. 1975) is a Cuban bellydancer who grew up in Florida.
Early life and education
Gamal, born Teresa Infante, grew up in Miami where she learned to bellydance at the age of thirteen. At thirteen, she began performing with the Mid-Eastern Dance Exchange company, based in Miami Beach. One of her directors at the time was the well-known dancer, Tamalyn Dallal, who had inspired her when she was younger.
Gamal went on to become the first dancer to audition with bellydancing techniques and be accepted at the New World School of the Arts' Performing Arts School. While a senior at the New World School of Arts, Gamal also taught dancing to young children. She trained in other types of dancing, such as ballet, jazz, tap, flamenco and modern, while at that school.
Gamal graduated with a degree in psychology at Bridgewater State College in Massachusetts.
Career
After graduation Gamal performed during the NFL's Super Bowl XXIX in 1995, and participated in the Miss World of Bellydancing contest of 1996, before dancing for five different dance companies.
In 1997, she performed at the Gianni Versace fashion show. In 1998, she participated at the Oriental Dance Production, in Lexington, Kentucky. During the late 1990s she has performed in Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti and Costa Rica.
In 2002 Gamal earned first place in the Mondo Melodia Bellydance Breakbeats competition and was chosen to participate in the release tour of a CD — Bellydance Superstars — released on November 12.
Gamal was a member of the Bellydance Superstars, a professional dance company that was founded in 2003 and toured the United States in 2004. She founded the group BellyQueen with another dancer named Kaeshi Chai, and Jenna Rosenberg was also a member of the group.
Gamar has taught belly dancing in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, in New York City and in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
She appeared as herself in the 2005 documentary, "American Bellydancer". In 2002, she had appeared in a concert DVD, "Bellydance Superstars". On 11 March, 2008, Gamal released a video titled "Mastering the Dance: Amar Gamal".
References
External links
Official website
1970s births
Belly dancers
Living people
People from Miami Beach, Florida
Cuban female dancers
Cuban dancers
Bridgewater State University alumni
Cuban emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar%20Gamal |
The historical form of (; ) is a manner of dining with courses brought to the table sequentially, and the food portioned on individual plates by the waiter (typically from a sideboard in the dining room). It contrasts with the older (), based on several courses brought to the table simultaneously, in an impressive display of tureens and serving dishes, with diners plating food themselves.
Service à la russe became the norm in formal Western cuisine over the 19th century. While it reduced the magnificent profusion of dishes and condiments on the table at a given time, it demanded many more footmen and required more tableware, making it an option only the wealthy could afford. It had the advantage of the food being much hotter when reaching the diner, and ensuring that everybody could taste everything they wanted from the dishes offered, which in practice the old system often did not allow. It also reduced the time spent at the table.
The Russian Ambassador Alexander Kurakin is credited with bringing to France in 1810, at a meal in Clichy on the outskirts of Paris. It eventually caught on in England, becoming the norm by the 1870s and 1880s, though in France there was considerable resistance and lingered on until the 1890s, and even beyond for the most formal state banquets. remains the basis for most modern Western restaurant service.
A less formal style known as (; ) in France, has the hostess serving soup from one end of the table, and later the host carving a joint of meat from the other end, with servants taking these to diners, and diners serving themselves from other dishes.
Place setting and service order
For the most correct service à la russe, in its modern form (significantly different from the original) the following must be observed:
The place setting (called a cover) for each guest includes a service plate, all the necessary cutlery except those required for dessert, and stemmed glasses for water, wines and champagne. On the service plate are a rolled napkin and the place card. Above the plate is a saltcellar, nut dish, and a menu.
The cutlery to the right of the service plate is, from the outside in, the oyster fork resting in the bowl of the soup spoon, the fish knife, the meat knife and the salad knife (or fruit knife). On the left, from the outside in, are the fish fork, the meat fork and a salad fork (or fruit fork). If both a salad and a fruit course are served, the necessary extra flatware is brought out on a platter, as it is bad form to have more than three knives or forks on the table at once, the oyster fork excepted.
Guests are seated according to their place cards and immediately remove their napkins and place them in their laps. Another view maintains that the napkin is only removed after the host has removed his or hers. In the same manner, the host is first to begin eating, and guests follow. The oyster plate is placed on the service plate. Once that is cleared, the soup plate replaces it. After the soup course is finished, both the soup plate and service plate are removed from the table, and a heated plate is put in their place. The rule is as such: a filled plate is always replaced with an empty one, and no place goes without a plate until just before the dessert course.
The fish and meat courses are now always served from platters because in correct service a filled plate is never placed before a guest, as this would indirectly dictate how much food the guest is to eat. This was not the case historically, nor is it often followed in restaurants.
Directly before dessert, everything is removed from the place settings except the wine and water glasses. Crumbs are cleared. The dessert plate is then brought out with a doily on top of it, a finger bowl on top of that, and a fork and spoon, the former balanced on the left side of the plate and the latter on the right. Guests remove the doily and finger bowls, move them to the left of the plate and place the fork to the left side of the plate and the spoon to its right. Guests do not actually need to use the finger bowl, since they may have not used their fingers to eat with, unless they also had bread with the meal.
A multi-course dinner served à la russe
The number of dishes (or courses) served at a meal à la russe has changed over time; but an underlying pattern of service—beginning with soup, then moving through various entrées, then to the roast or game, and then to vegetables (including salads), sweets and coffee—persisted from the mid-19th century (when this type of service was introduced to France) until WWII, and continued in a much-reduced form into the 21st century. The order of dishes descends directly from the much older service à la française. In that style of service, all sorts of dishes were arranged on the table and guests served themselves and each other. As Jean-Louis Flandrin has shown, the order of consumption—known to the guests of the time but rarely evident from contemporary menus or descriptions of meals—was essentially the same as the order of presentation in service à la russe.
An elaborate version of service à la russe, which reached its pinnacle in the last decades of the Victorian era, was described by Sarah Tyson Rorer in 1886. Rorer was critical of this elaborate service and offered a much simpler alternative, which in fact represents the core principles of this style of service.
The elaborate and conventional dinner, complete at all points, which the dinner-giving of a century and a half has evolved, is beyond any but the very wealthy. Very few of them succeed in giving it, and still fewer of their guests enjoy it. Its triple triplets of oysters, soup, and fish, the relevé, entrées, and roast, a pause of rum punch to stimulate languishing digestion, game with salad, sweets and ice, coffee to close, and a bewildering series of wines, with an alcoholic appetizer to begin and end, have, however, had their effect in making many feel that a formal dinner must only follow this model from afar. So, with only the resources of a simple household, they compass, with infinite labor, oysters, soup, and fish, add some made dish to the meat, and put salad before and ice cream after the pudding or sweets.But success here, with a moderate income, is as rare as success with the long dinner at the complete table. Try to grasp the theory of the elaborate edifice which custom and convention has piled up, and see if your own resources cannot reproduce its purpose with better success. After having carefully analyzed it, you will see at once that the most complex dinner simply aims to begin with something of easy digestion, slide by some transition to the roast, and make sure that through salad, sweets and coffee, the last half of your dinner shall interest the appetite as well as satisfy hunger. You, have, therefore, soup, roast, dessert, which make up the usual dinner of thoroughly civilized people, and below you will see how, with but moderate resources, you may so vary this as to make a “little dinner” complete and satisfying in itself; more, the most elaborate meal at Delmonico’s cannot do.
In Britain and the United States, fish is a distinct course; relevés are large, solid joints of meat or whole fowl, generally baked, braised, or boiled but not roasted; entrées are elaborate "made dishes" of, typically, fillets of beef or other butcher's meat (and sometimes fowl, but—apart from days of religious observance—not fish), served in fine sauces. Roasts are solid joints of meat (and sometimes fowl) other than feathered game, usually spit-roasted but often baked. Game is feathered not furred, spit-roasted whole and served rather simply. (Rorer's "roast" here refers to a roasted main course, but this terminology is not typical of the period. In her time, the "roast" followed the punch, and it was always game, if available.)
At the time Rorer was writing, Alessandro Filippini, a chef at Delmonico's restaurant on Pine Street in New York, wrote a book of menus for "every family of means in the habit of giving a few dinners to its friends during the year", with a brief discussion of table service and a guide to wines. He recommended the types of menus criticized by Rorer but common among the wealthy.
French dinners are generally served in three main courses, viz., Relevés, Entrées, and Rotis; all the rest are considered side courses. It depends entirely on the taste of the host as to how many main courses he desires served. The author would suggest two relevés, three entrées, and one or two rotis; this could be made an elaborate dinner.
About a third of Filippini's book contains menus for breakfast, luncheon, and dinner for every day of the year. The dinner menus begin with the "side courses", as he calls them: oysters or clams, soup, and hors d'œuvre; followed by the three "main courses": several relevés and entrées, and one roti (roast); and finally a few other "side courses": sweet entremets, ices, and coffee.
Hors-d'œuvre are usually small cold items (such as olives, celery, radishes, charcuterie, caviar), but they might also include hot made dishes (such as timbales, croustades, croquettes). In the French style of service à la russe, used by Filippini for many of his menus, there is no distinct "fish course", as both relevés and entrées may be of meat, fowl, or fish indiscriminately. Punch often precedes the roast. The roast can be meat, fowl, or fish (though fish is generally limited to days of religious observance); when game is served, it always comprises the roast course. Entremets are the vegetables, including salads, served with the relevés and entrées; they not as a separate course, though they are often listed as such. Sweet entremets are cakes, puddings, and such. Ices are frozen sweets, served as a separate course. Fruit, petits fours, coffee, and cordials are offered at the end of the meal.
A few years after Filippini wrote his book, Charles Ranhofer, another chef at Delmonico's restaurant (variously at the 14th Street, 26th Street, and 44th Street locations), in his cookbook The Epicurean, outlined in great detail the dishes necessary for dinners ranging from six to fourteen courses. The six-course dinner is very much like Rorer's "little dinner": oysters, soup, fish, entrée, roast, salad, and dessert. Longer dinners are arranged by adding side dishes, removes, and various cold dishes, and by serving a greater number of entrées and desserts. The longest of these menus is as follows:
Figure 1—36 covers:
Oysters.
2 Soups.
S.D. hot and cold.
2 Fish, potatoes.
1 Remove, vegetables.
1 Entrée, vegetables.
1 Entrée, vegetables.
1 Entrée, vegetables.
1 Punch.
1 or 2 Roasts.
1 or 2 Colds, salad.
1 Hot sweet dessert.
1 or 2 Cold sweet des'rts.
1 or 2 Ices. Dessert.
"S.D." are "side dishes", i.e. hors d'œuvre. There is a separate fish course, then relevés and entrées. Cold dishes, such as mayonnaise salads and aspics, had become very popular at this time, as is evident in the menu. Roasts could be of butchers' meat, fowl, or game (rarely, if ever, fish). When more than one dish was appointed for a course (e.g. 2 Soups, 2 Fish, 2 roasts, 2 colds), the guest was expected to choose one or the other, not both. A guest might decline one or more of the courses.
Ranhofer also gives elaborate instructions for the service of wine.
FIRST SERVICE.
With Oysters.—Sauterne, Barsac, Graves, Mont Rachet, Chablis.
After the Soup.—Madeira, Sherry or Xeres.
With Fish.—(Rhine wines) Johannisberger, Marcobrunner, Hochheimer, Laubenheimer, Liebfraumilch, Steinberger. (Moselle) Brauneberger, Zeltinger, Berncasteler.
With Removes.—Côte St. Jacques, Moulin-à-vent, Macon, Clos de Vougeot, Beaune.
With Entrées.—St. Émilion, Médoc du Bordelais, St. Julien. Dry champagnes for certain countries.
Iced Punches and Sherbets, Rum, Madeira.
SECOND SERVICE. With Roasts.—(Burgundies) Pommard, Nuits, Corton, Chambertin, Romanée Conti.
Cold Roasts.—Vin de Paille, Steinberger.
With Hot Desserts.—(Bordeaux) Château Margaux, Léoville, Laffitte, Château Larose, Pontet-Canet, St. Pierre, Côtes de Rhone, Hermitage and Côte-Rôtie. (Red Champagne) Bouzy, Verzenay, Porto Première.
THIRD SERVICE. With Dessert.—(Burgundy) Volnay, Mousseux. (Champagnes) Delmonico, Roederer, Rosé Mousseux, Pommery, Cliquot, Perrier-Jouët, Moët, Mumm.
Wine Liquors.—Muscatel, Malaga, Alicante, Malvoisie of Madeira, Lacryma Christi, red and white Cape, Tokay, Constance, Schiraz.
Cordials.—Curaçoa [sic], Kirsch, Cognac, Chartreuse, Maraschino, Prunelle, Anisette, Bénédictine.
Beers.—Bass’ Ales, Porter, Tivoli, Milwaukee.
Several decades later, shorter meals had become the norm and the extravagant dinners of the Victorian period were considered vulgar, as noted by Emily Post in 1922:
Under no circumstances would a private dinner, no matter how formal, consist of more than:
Hors-d’œuvre
Soup
Fish
Entrée
Roast
Salad
Dessert
Coffee
The menu for an informal dinner would leave out the entrée, and possibly either the hors-d’oeuvre or the soup.
As a matter of fact, the marked shortening of the menu is in informal dinners and at the home table of the well-to-do. Formal dinners have been as short as the above schedule for twenty-five years. [c.1900.] A dinner interlarded with a row of extra entrées, Roman punch, and hot dessert is unknown except at a public dinner, or in the dining-room of a parvenu. About thirty-five years ago [c.1890] such dinners are said to have been in fashion!
At the time Post was writing, hors-d’œuvre meant rather narrowly light cold dishes like oysters, clams, melon, or citrus. Entrées meant elaborate "made dishes" of fillets of beef or other butcher's meat served in a fine sauce, or some sort of pastry dish. Roasts could be of any meat, which was not necessarily roasted. The preferred dish of a truly fine dinner was wild feathered game, spit-roasted and served rather simply. Dessert was molded ice cream only, to the exclusion of all other sweets. Despite Post's complaints about extra entrées, many dinners continued to feature two meat courses between the fish and the roast.
Post's first book was published during Prohibition, and she noted, "A water glass standing alone at each place makes such a meager and untrimmed looking table that most people put on at least two wine glasses, sherry and champagne, or claret and sherry, and pour something pinkish or yellowish into them. [...] Those few who still have cellars, serve wines exactly as they used to, white wine, claret, sherry and Burgundy warm, champagne ice cold; and after dinner, green mint poured over crushed ice in little glasses, and other liqueurs of room temperature."
After World War II, dinners were curtailed even more. As Post writes in the 1950 edition of her book, the shorter "informal" meal of her earlier book had become the norm for formal dinners:
It is rare for a modern dinner to consist of more than five courses. However, 'tasting menus' - whereby diners are served numerous courses do exist. These are the exception though, and a formal dinner today would typically include::
Soup or oysters or melon or clams
Fish or entrée
Roast
Salad
Dessert
After-dinner coffee
In addition to the set courses, little relish dishes of radishes, celery, olives, or almonds could be set on the table as "hors-d'œuvre". Wines, too, were often greatly reduced in number. Amy Vanderbilt noted in her book, The Complete Book of Etiquette, "At a formal dinner champagne may be the only wine served after the service of sherry with the soup."
This five-course service might be further reduced by serving either soup or fish (or shellfish) as a first course, but not both. Dinners in the French style usually include a cheese course after the roast, generally resulting in a 6-course meal (see, for example, the formal menus in Richard Olney's The French Menu Cookbook); alternatively, one or more of the other courses can be omitted (see, for example, the formal menus in Simone Beck's Simca's Cuisine). Dinners in the American style often place the salad as a first course instead of soup, an innovation that appeared in the 1950s in California and was noted by Vanderbilt; in this arrangement, dessert is served immediately after the roast. Wine service may include a separate wine for each course, or simply be champagne throughout; or, most commonly, service may be limited to three wines: a white for the soup and fish, a red for the roast, and a sweet wine or champagne for dessert.
These and similar arrangements of four- and five-course formal dinners were the norm throughout the second half of the 20th century.
Further reading
See also
Degustation
Full-course dinner
Boston Cooking-School Cook Book
References
Works cited
Kilien Stengel, « Découper une pièce de viande, flamber un dessert du XIXe au XXIe siècle : Art, science, privilège et obsolescence. », dans Les gestes culinaires: Mise en scène de savoir-faire, Paris, L’Harmattan, coll. Questions alimentaires et gastronomiques, , 2017
Kilien Stengel, ''Le lexique culinaire Ferrandi, Hachette, 2015, p. 190
Serving and dining | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20%C3%A0%20la%20russe |
Beware of Dog is the debut studio album by American rapper Lil' Bow Wow. It was released on September 26, 2000, through So So Def Recordings and Columbia Records. Recording sessions took place from 1999 to 2000, with Lil' Bow Wow's mentor Jermaine Dupri primarily producing the album, and Xscape, Jagged Edge, Da Brat and Snoop Dogg, among others, appearing as guests.
Beware of Dog received generally positive reviews from music critics and was also commercially successful, debuting at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart and selling 101,000 copies in the first week. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified it double platinum in March 2001.
Singles
Four singles were released from the album, all produced by Lil' Bow Wow's mentor and hip hop record producer Jermaine Dupri. The album's lead single "Bounce with Me", released on August 8, 2000, features guest vocals from American R&B group Xscape, and was also included on the soundtrack for the film Big Momma's House (2000). The album's second single "Bow Wow (That's My Name)", released on October 17, 2000, features a guest verse from fellow rapper Snoop Dogg. The album's third single "Puppy Love", released on January 27, 2001, features guest vocals from fellow R&B group Jagged Edge, and the album's fourth and final single "Ghetto Girls" was released on February 21, 2001.
Critical reception
Beware of Dog received generally positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic editor Jason Birchmeier praised the tracks for encapsulating the album with endearing charm in its pop-rap material despite doubting Lil Bow Wow's actual writing credits, concluding that "All the same, there's no denying the charm and vocal dexterity of Lil Bow Wow, who proves himself genuinely talented, if not exactly a prodigy." An editor from HipHopDX said that despite Lil Bow Wow's age showing in his lyrics, found potential in his ability to deliver tough lyricism with "Bow Wow (That's My Name)" being a great starting point, concluding that "Beware of Dog is a definite keeper and a trademark to the So So Def dynasty. This album is clear cut winner in my opinion to potentially be rated for best debut album of the year." Robert Christgau graded the album as a "dud", indicating "a bad record whose details rarely merit further thought."
Commercial performance
Beware of Dog debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 101,000 copies in the first week. This became Bow Wow's first US top-ten debut. On March 5, 2001, the album was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of over two million copies. As of December 2006, the album has sold 2.7 million copies in the United States, according to Nielsen Soundscan. In Canada, the album also reached platinum status, selling over 100,000 copies.
Track listing
All tracks produced by Jermaine Dupri, except for track 1.
Notes
The information that were taken from Beware of Dog liner notes:
"Ghetto Girls" features uncredited vocals by Jagged Edge.
Sample credits
"Puppy Love" contains a sample of "Kanday" performed by LL Cool J, written by Dwayne Simon, Daryl Pierce, Bobby Erving and James Todd Smith.
"Bow Wow (That's My Name)" contains a sample of "Atomic Dog" performed by George Clinton, written by George Clinton, Garry Shider and David Spradley.
"Ghetto Girls" contains a sample of "Covert Action" performed by The Crusaders, written by Wilton Felder.
Personnel
Credits taken from Allmusic.
Kwaku Alston – photography
Big Duke – performer
Bow Wow – vocals
Bryan-Michael Cox – performer
Da Brat – performer
Jermaine Dupri – executive producer, mixing, production
Brian Frye – engineering
Erwin Gorostiza – art director
Bernie Grundman – mastering
Bill Hermans – engineering
John Horesco IV – engineering, mixing
Jagged Edge – performer
Carlton Lynn – engineering
William Marshall – grooming
Michael Mauldin – executive producer
Snoop Dogg – performer
Phil Tan – mixing
Xscape – performer
R.O.C. – performer
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Certifications
References
2000 debut albums
Bow Wow (rapper) albums
So So Def Recordings albums
Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beware%20of%20Dog%20%28album%29 |
PREPA or prepa may refer to:
the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority
Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles, part of the French educational system
See also
Prepa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREPA |
George Malek-Yonan (1924-2014) was an Iranian Assyrian international attorney, politician and athlete, and father of actress Rosie Malek-Yonan.
Biography
The Assyrian Malek family claims to trace its roots back eleven centuries. During the Assyrian genocide of 1914–1918, Malek-Yonan's family fled to Baghdad, in the Great Exodus from Urmia where he was born on 11 October 1924. When still a young child, his family migrated back to Iran and finally settled in Tehran. His parents were Yosip (Joseph) and Suriya, both Assyrian. His older sister, Florence, was Knighted in the early 70s and lived in Switzerland where she died on 18 February 2007. His older brother, David, was an engineer in Iran who built many of Iran's major freeways and roadways as well as numerous silos in Russia. His younger brother, Cyrus, left Iran for England when he was only seventeen to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London and eventually settled in Paris.
Malek-Yonan married Lida Bet-Benyamin, also of Assyrian descent, in Tehran in 1950 and has two daughters: Monica Malek-Yonan and Rosie Malek-Yonan, the author of The Crimson Field and also a cast member of the long-running television series General Hospital.
Malek-Yonan studied at Tehran University's Law School, earning a Law Degree in 1946 and a Degree in Political Science in 1947. In 1964 he studied law at Golden Gate Law School in San Francisco, California. He practiced international law for more than fifty years representing many of the American, European and Asian corporations in Iran. He was the attorney for the U.S. Embassy in Tehran during the American hostage takeover. He moved to the U.S. after the Iranian Revolution.
The Malek-Yonan family has produced many great sons and daughters. Dr. Jesse Malek-Yonan represented the Assyrians of Urmia at the Paris Peace talks in 1919; Milton Malek-Yonan inventor of Malekized Rice; Shushan Malek-Yonan author of a children's book (1927) published in Tabriz, Iran; Rev. Isaac Malek-Yoninan author of several books and essays including The Beloved Physician of Teheran (1933) and Persian Women (1898); Norman Malek-Yonan author of The Christmas Story (1958); Terrence Malick, Oscar-nominated director and writer of The New World (2005), The Thin Red Line (1998), Days of Heaven (1978), Badlands (1973).
Malek-Yonan died on 14 November 2014 in California.
Sports
Three gold medals presented at Mar-Mar Palace in Tehran by the former Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, earned George Malek-Yonan the title of Champion of Champions in Iranian Sports in the fields of track and field, pentathlon and soccer, bringing the total of medals awarded to him to 47. His brother, David, was also awarded numerous gold medals by the Shah.
Malek-Yonan played high school soccer, basketball and volleyball. After a chance encounter with Iran's track and field coach, Ahmad Izadpanah, at Amjadieh Stadium (today known as Shahid Shiroudi Stadium), Malek-Yonan became interested in track and field. In 1934 Izadpanah had begun organizing various track and field meets and by 1936, the Iranian Athletics Federation was established and Iran joined the International Amateur Athletics Federation.
Malek-Yonan first competed in the long jump and triple jump in 1944 (1323) where he earned two silver medals. The same year he participated in Iran's University competitions in the long jump, the triple jump, javelin and shot put, earning four more silver medals.
While studying law at Tehran University, he won a gold medal in table tennis in 1946 (1325) and was a member of the University of Tehran Soccer, Volleyball and Basketball teams.
Malek-Yonan was the most decorated athlete at Iran's 1948 (1327) National Athletic Competitions, earning him the title of Champion of Champions. He was the only athlete in 1948 to have received a gold medal as well as winning the Track and Field Cup. He competed in the pentathlon (2 x 100 meters, 1,500 meters, javelin, discus and long jump), as well as the 100 meters, 200 meters and long jump, winning four gold medals and earning first place at the 1948 Olympic Games Qualifiers. However he did not compete at the Olympics.
Records
Malek-Yonan's 1948 (1327) record:
100 Meters, 11/5 Seconds, Event: National Championship, Gold Medal
200 Meters, 24/4 Seconds, Event: National Championship, Gold Medal
Long Jump, 7/55 Meters, Event: National Championship, Gold Medal
Pentathlon, 2305, Event: National Championship, Gold Medal
Malek-Yonan's 1950 (1329) record:
Long Jump, 6/43 Meters, Event: National Championship
At the Eastern Mediterranean Cup Championship he took the bronze medal in the 200 Meters, but came in fifth place in the Long Jump and Triple Jump.
Politics
A leading international attorney, George Malek-Yonan was responsible for procuring a seat for Assyrians as a recognized minority in the Iranian Parliament, thus giving Assyrians and Chaldeans a political voice in Iran.
See also
Assyrians in Iran
List of Assyrians
List of people from Tehran
References
1924 births
Iranian Assyrian people
Assyrian sportspeople
People from Urmia
Golden Gate University School of Law alumni
University of Tehran alumni
Iranian Assyrian politicians
2014 deaths
Iraqi emigrants to Iran
American people of Iranian-Assyrian descent
Sportspeople of Iranian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Malek-Yonan |
James Madio (born November 22, 1975) is an American actor, known for his roles in USA High, Hook and as Technician Fourth Grade Frank Perconte in Band of Brothers.
Early life
A native of The Bronx, Madio was raised in Morris Park and Pelham Bay.
Career
Madio was born as one of seven children in his family. At the age of 15, he had his first audition in Steven Spielberg's 1991 film Hook. He landed the role of "Don't Ask", one of the Lost Boys. Among the cast of Hook was Academy Award winner Dustin Hoffman, who had been cast as the villainous Captain Hook. Hoffman took notice of Madio and had him cast as his character's son in the 1992 comedy Hero.
He later appeared alongside Leonardo DiCaprio in the 1995 film The Basketball Diaries as a teenage drug addict. In 1997 Madio landed a regular role on the teen sitcom USA High where he played funny-man Bobby Lazzerini during the show's first season.
He has played lead roles in television series including miniseries Band of Brothers, in which he portrayed Frank Perconte. Madio contacted Perconte to develop ideas on how to play the real-life sergeant as well as to understand Perconte's background and history. In 2003 Madio was cast in a main role of Mike Powell on the short-lived CBS courtroom drama Queens Supreme.
In recent years, Madio has been focused on voice-acting and acting in independent films. He made a 2011 guest appearance on an episode of the new TV Land comedy series The Exes. In 2021, Madio was cast as Carmine, right hand to crime boss Joe Colombo (played by Giovanni Ribisi) in the Paramount+ limited streaming series The Offer, which details the making of the film The Godfather.
Filmography
References
External links
Official website
1975 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from the Bronx
21st-century American male actors
American male child actors
American people of Italian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Madio |
Brian Joseph Winters (born March 1, 1952) is an American former basketball player and coach.
Career
Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina, scoring 1,079 points over his career. While playing for South Carolina, Winters was hampered due to both a severe case of mononucleosis and a series of knee injuries. He was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers.
Winters made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers before he was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the deal that brought future Hall of Fame center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the West Coast, which Abdul-Jabbar had demanded. On April 18, 1976, in the first playoff series of his NBA career, Winters scored 33 points and recorded 5 assists in a 107-104 Game 3 loss against the Detroit Pistons. On November 30, 1976, Winters scored a career-high 43 points in a 115-106 victory over the Trailblazers. The following season, on December 16, 1977, Winters scored 24 points and made a game-winning jumpshot during a 152–150 triple overtime win against the New York Knicks. On March 19, 1978, Winters scored 22 points and recorded a career-high 18 assists in a 117-106 victory against the Washington Bullets.
Overall, he had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and six in the playoffs, and was a fan-favorite during the years that the Bucks struggled through immediately following the aforementioned Abdul-Jabbar trade. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975-76 to 1979-80, when he averaged 18.7 points. 4.7 assists and 1.4 steals per game. His game declined in the 1982-83 season, however, when he shot a career-worst 43 percent in the field, after which he retired at 31 years of age. The Bucks organization retired his number 32 on Oct. 28, 1983, he was the third player in franchise history to be honored with a jersey retirement.
In a 2005 interview, Chicago Bulls superstar Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best "pure shooter" in history, claiming that "he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of."
After retiring from the NBA, Winters became an assistant coach for two years under legendary coach Pete Carril at Princeton. From there, he moved on to become an assistant coach under Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens with the Cleveland Cavaliers for 7 years and Atlanta Hawks for two more. Next he was the inaugural coach for the Vancouver Grizzlies for a year and a half. Later Winters coached with the Denver Nuggets and Golden State Warriors. He was formerly the head coach of the WNBA's Indiana Fever, leading them to their first ever consecutive-year playoff appearances.
On October 26, 2007, Winters option wasn't picked up by the Indiana Fever, ending his four-year tenure with the club. He compiled a 78–58 record in the regular season to go with a 5–7 playoff record. He was a scout for the Indiana Pacers for several seasons until he was let go during the NBA lockout in August 2011. He spent the 2012–13 season as an assistant coach with the Charlotte Bobcats.
Winters has been a talent scout for the Indiana Pacers since 2014. He played a role in convincing the Pacers to draft Myles Turner.
Head coaching record
NBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Vancouver
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||15||67|||| align="center"|7th in Midwest|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Vancouver
| style="text-align:left;"|
|43||8||35|||| align="center"|(fired)|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Golden State
| style="text-align:left;"|
|59||13||46|||| align="center"|7th in Pacific|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
| ||184||36||148|||| ||—||—||—||—||
WNBA
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |
|34||15||19|||| align="center" |6th in East||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |Missed Playoffs
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |
|34||21||13|||| align="center" |2nd in East||4||2||2||
| align="center" |Lost in Conference finals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |
|34||21||13|||| align="center" |3rd in East||2||0||2||
| align="center" |Lost in Conference semifinals
|-
| align="left" |IND
| align="left" |
|34||21||13|||| align="center" |2nd in East||6||3||3||
| align="center" |Lost in Conference finals
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |Career
| ||136||78||58|||| ||12||5||7||||
NBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 68 || – || 22.3 || .443 || – || .826 || 2.0 || 2.9 || 1.1 || 0.3 || 11.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 78 || – || 35.8 || .464 || – || .829 || 3.2 || 4.7 || 1.6 || 0.3 || 18.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 78 || – || 34.8 || .498 || – || .847 || 3.0 || 4.3 || 1.5 || 0.4 || 19.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 80 || – || 34.4 || .463 || – || .840 || 3.1 || 4.9 || 1.6 || 0.3 || 19.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 79 || – || 32.6 || .493 || – || .856 || 2.2 || 4.8 || 1.1 || 0.5 || 19.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 80 || – || 32.8 || .479 || .373 || .860 || 2.8 || 4.5 || 1.3 || 0.4 || 16.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 69 || – || 25.7 || .475 || .353 || .869 || 2.0 || 3.3 || 1.0 || 0.1 || 11.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 61 || 13 || 30.0 || .501 || .387 || .788 || 2.8 || 4.1 || 0.9 || 0.1 || 15.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
| 57 || 12 || 23.9 || .434 || .324 || .859 || 1.9 || 2.7 || 0.8 || 0.1 || 10.6
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 650 || 25 || 30.7 || .475 || .363 || .842 || 2.6 || 4.1 || 1.2 || 0.3 || 16.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| All-Star
| 2 || 1 || 15.0 || .417 || – || – || 3.0 || 1.0 || 0.5 || 0.0 || 5.0
Playoffs
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1976
|style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
|3||–||42.0||.629||–||.800||2.3||5.0||1.7||0.7||27.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1978
|style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
|9||–||33.9||.497||–||.741||3.3||6.4||1.3||0.9||20.4
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1980
|style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
|7||–||38.3||.460||.429||1.000||3.0||5.3||1.6||0.0||15.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1981
|style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
|7||–||25.9||.459||.333||.750||3.3||3.1||1.4||0.1||10.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1982
|style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
|6||–||38.7||.494||.500||.833||2.5||4.7||1.3||0.2||16.8
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1983
|style="text-align:left;"|Milwaukee
|9||–||26.7||.429||.273||.824||2.4||3.6||0.7||0.4||9.9
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 41 || – || 33.0 || .490 || .396 || .808 || 2.9 || 4.7 || 1.3 || 0.4 || 15.5
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Brian Winters (as NBA coach)
BasketballReference.com: Brian Winters (as WNBA coach)
BasketballReference.com: Brian Winters (as player)
1952 births
Living people
American basketball scouts
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American women's basketball coaches
Archbishop Molloy High School alumni
Atlanta Hawks assistant coaches
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Charlotte Bobcats assistant coaches
Cleveland Cavaliers assistant coaches
Denver Nuggets assistant coaches
Golden State Warriors assistant coaches
Golden State Warriors head coaches
Indiana Fever coaches
Indiana Pacers scouts
Los Angeles Lakers draft picks
Los Angeles Lakers players
Milwaukee Bucks players
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Princeton Tigers men's basketball coaches
Shooting guards
Small forwards
South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball players
Basketball players from Queens, New York
Vancouver Grizzlies head coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Winters |
Laddie Boy (July 26, 1920 – January 23, 1929) was an Airedale Terrier owned by U.S. President Warren G. Harding. He was born in Toledo, Ohio. His father was Champion Tintern Tip Top. He was presented to US President Warren G. Harding by Charles Quetschke of Caswell Kennels and became a celebrity during the Harding administration.
Laddie Boy was a faithful dog. When the president played golf and hit a tree, Laddie Boy would run up to the tree and retrieve the ball. Laddie Boy had his own hand-carved chair to sit in during Cabinet meetings. The White House held birthday parties for the dog, invited other neighborhood dogs to join, and served them dog biscuit cake. Newspapers published mock interviews with the dog. Laddie Boy had a caretaker.
He was the first "First Dog" to be regularly covered in the national press.
Harding and his wife Florence shared a love of animals and the First Lady, also an advocate for the care of abused and neglected animals, soon began employing this handsome dog as a poster child for the national promotion of animal rights issues.
Purportedly, the dog howled constantly for three days prior to President Harding's death in August 1923 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco, knowing of his master's imminent demise. In memory of President Harding and honoring his former employment as a paperboy, newsboys collected 19,134 pennies to be remelted and sculpted into a statue of Laddie Boy. Harding's widow died before the statue was completed in 1927 and the statue was presented to the Smithsonian Institution. Harding's death and the dog were commemorated in song.
After the president's death in 1923, Florence Harding gave the Airedale to Harry Barker, her favorite Secret Service agent. She knew her poor health wouldn't allow her to look after the dog properly. Harry took Laddie home to his family in Boston, and the dog lived a very normal life and was much loved by the Barker family. Laddie's death in 1929 was proclaimed in newspaper headlines across the country.
Laddie is immortalized in bronze along Harding in Rapid City, South Dakota, as part of its "City of Presidents" art installation of presidential statues. In the summer of 2012, Laddie Boy's unique collar, fashioned from Alaskan gold nuggets, was stolen from the Harding Home and Museum.
See also
United States presidential pets
List of individual dogs
References
External links
Presidential dog collar stolen from Harding's home Photograph
1920 animal births
1929 animal deaths
Warren G. Harding
Toledo, Ohio
United States presidential dogs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laddie%20Boy |
Stella de Heij (born 17 January 1968 in Driehuis) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from the Netherlands, who played eighteen international matches for her national team.
De Heij was a member of the Dutch Women's Team that, under the guidance of coach and former international Tom van 't Hek, won the bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics, after defeating Great Britain on penalty strokes in the bronze medal game. In Atlanta, Georgia she was the stand-in for first choice goalie Jacqueline Toxopeus.
References
KNHB Profile
External links
1968 births
Living people
Dutch female field hockey players
Female field hockey goalkeepers
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Sportspeople from Velsen
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Field hockey players from North Holland
20th-century Dutch women
21st-century Dutch women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella%20de%20Heij |
The Dreams of Sparrows is a documentary film about post-war Iraq, by Hayder Daffar of the Iraq Eye Group, an Iraqi filmmaking group.
The film was shot throughout 2003 and 2004 with a hand-held camera, consisting of street level interviews with various Iraqi citizens and explores their feelings about the changes occurring around them. The film was produced by digitally sending footage to the United States via e-mail where it was assembled in rough sequences and posted on the internet. A DVD version of the film was released in 2005.
Dreams of the Sparrows offers many differing viewpoints in its interviews. Some Iraqis place photos of U.S. President George W. Bush in shrines, while others oppose the presence of American forces. Some admit a longing for the days of Saddam Hussein's rule, while others, having survived torture under his regime, express happiness with his removal.
The capture of Hussein occurred during filming and street interviews cover the topic. In the film, one of the photographers was allegedly killed by US forces before the film was completed.
References
External links
Iraq Eye website
Iraq Eye page on Dreams of Sparrows
Harbinger Media press cuttings on Dreams of Sparrows
2005 films
Documentary films about the Iraq War
Iraqi documentary films
American documentary films
2005 documentary films
2000s Arabic-language films
2000s English-language films
2005 multilingual films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dreams%20of%20Sparrows |
Nuri Kino, (born February 25, 1965, in Tur Abdin), is a Swedish-Assyrian award-winning investigative journalist, documentary filmmaker, author and human rights expert. He is the author of several nonfiction books, and hundreds of stories and reports from the Middle East, western and eastern Europe as well as Africa over the past two decades. He has won awards for his reporting on human-rights issues, and is the founder of human rights organization A Demand For Action (ADFA) which advocates for persecuted minorities in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and elsewhere in the Middle East.
Life and career
Nuri Kino is the eldest of four children of an Assyrian family that originates from the village of Kfar-Shomac, south of the City of Midyat, in a region known as Tur Abdin. His parents moved to Germany as guest workers when he was four; in 1974, when he was eight, they visited his grandparents in Sweden and decided to stay because there were more jobs. He was kidnapped twice as a child. In 1985 he became one of Sweden's first male medical recorders. He has also run a restaurant; in 1994 he was chosen as Stockholm's most popular restaurant owner.
In 1998, he graduated from the Poppius School of Journalism in Stockholm. The following year he was in Istanbul when the Marmara earthquake occurred. He was interviewed by international news agencies and wrote a widely cited report on the collapse of buildings that had been known to be weak; this was the real start of his career as a journalist. He has since worked as a freelance investigative journalist for Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Aftonbladet and Metro. In 2002 he started freelancing for the Swedish radio station Sveriges Radio. His reporting has been focused on human rights, immigration and refugee issues, and he has worked for the media abroad in countries such as Turkey, Denmark, Norway, Finland, the U.S., and the Netherlands (reporting for the BBC and on the Dutch program Dit is de Dag).
Nuri Kino was the first journalist to interview Irena Sendler, a Polish nurse who risked her life to smuggle 2,500 Jewish children out of the ghettos of Warsaw during World War II. The article was published in the Swedish daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter on February 8, 2003. Shortly after that it was translated into several other languages and among others published in Wprost, the largest weekly magazine in Poland. The following year, two Nobel Prize laureates, Wislawa Szymborska and Czeslaw Milosz, nominated Sendler for the Nobel Peace Prize. She was nominated a number of times until her death in May 2008 but never received the prize. However, she received several national and international distinctions for her heroic deeds during the Second World War.
After a two-year hiatus from journalism, Kino went to Lebanon to write a report on the Christian minority in Syria, Mellan taggtråden (Between the Barbed Wire), published in 2013; it was widely cited in the media internationally and gave rise to many debates, among them the U.S. Congress Joint Subcommittee Hearing on Religious Minorities in Syria: Caught in the Middle.
He was selected to host the Sommar radio program on P1 on June 18, 2004.
Nuri Kino also does aid work, sometimes with the Youth Initiative of the Syriac Orthodox Church. In 2014 he founded A Demand For Action, an organization that provides relief and advocates for minorities in the Middle East, particularly Christians in Iraq and Syria. From this position, in his home town of Södertälje, Sweden, he has developed a global network of human rights experts and activists who serve as a deep resource on persecuted minorities in the Middle East, frequently sought out by national politicians, multinational organizations, the European Parliament and the United States Congress. In an interview, European Parliamentarian Lars Adaktusson said of Kino, "If Nuri would not have started ADFA we would not be able to have the ongoing genocide of Christians in Iraq and Syria recognized as a Genocide in the European Parliament. We would probably not even be aware of it. Thanks to ADFA's tireless work we have been able to even have the U.S. congress to recognize the atrocities as genocide."
Along with Swedish entrepreneur Gunilla Von Platen, Kino is leading the Swedish part of the Little Angel project; an orphanage that is being built outside Damascus in Syria where children from Iraq and Syria who have lost their families will be able to live, eat, and go to school.
Television and film
With Yawsef Beth Turo, Kino made Det ohörda ropet ("The Cry Unheard," 2001), about the killing of Assyrians in Turkey during World War I.
With Erik Sandberg, Kino made Assyriska - landslag utan land ("Assyriska - national team without a nation") for Sveriges Television. In 2006 it won the Golden Palm Award at the Beverly Hills Film Festival. With Jenny Nordberg he made the documentary The High Price of Ransom for Dan Rather Reports in 2008.
Books
In 2007, Kino published By God - Sex dagar i Amman (By God – Six Days in Amman), a report on the consequences of the Iraqi war. In 2010 he wrote Still Targeted: Continued Persecution of Iraq's Minorities, a report for Minority Rights Group International.
In 2011, he published Den svenske Gudfadern (The Swedish Godfather), about Milan Ševo, a convicted felon born in Serbia but brought up in Sweden, who claimed that close friends of King Carl XVI Gustaf had given him the task of destroying evidence that linked them and the king to porn clubs. The book was presented as a work of journalism illuminating the attraction that crime has for young people. Journalist Hanne Kjöller of Dagens Nyheter considered the book lacking in both objectivity and criticism of the sources, calling it a "portrait of an idol". However, the Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet reported that Ševo confirmed the information in the book was correct. Writing in Göteborgs-Posten, Mattias Hagberg thought the controversy detracted from Kino's message. According to the book's publisher, Kino's computer was hacked and threats were made to stop a planned TV film.
Kino has also published novels. In 2008 with Jenny Nordberg he published Välgörarna - Den motvillige journalisten (Benefactors - The Reluctant Journalist), a suspense novel whose main character he has said is based on himself; it has been translated into Finnish, German, and Norwegian.
In 2010, he and David Kushner published Gränsen är dragen, a novel set against the backdrop of the war in Iraq and the situation of Iraqi Christians; it was published in the U.S. in 2013 as The Line in the Sand.
Awards
2000
Awarded Guldspaden with Wolfgang Hansson for work at Aftonbladet on human trafficking.
2002
Awarded Guldspaden for journalism for work on refugee children.
2003
Awarded Guldspaden for a joint effort with Jenny Nordberg and Margita Boström for a Swedish Radio report titled Tolkar och spioner (interpreters and spies).
2004
Ikaros Prize for Best Public Service Radio program by Swedish Radio
Awarded Den gyllene haldan ("The Golden Halda") (also known as Det lite större journalistpriset), for journalist students at Mitt University in Sundsvall, Sweden
2006
Suryoyo (Assyrian) of the Year by Hujådå.
Journalist of the Year by Qenneshrin and Suroyo TV, a Syriac newspaper and satellite television service.
Blatte de Luxe Award for Journalism
Assyrian of the Year by Zinda Magazine
Assyrian of the Year by the Assyrian Youth Federation of Sweden
Golden Palm Award of the Beverly Hills Film Festival, for Assyriska.
2007
Blatte de Luxe Award for Journalism: first person to win the award two years in a row.
2008
Ikaros Prize for Best Public Service Radio program by Swedish Radio
2009
One of a hundred Swedish inspiring people, awarded by Leva Magazine
2010
Journalist Prize of the European Parliament for radio, with Kajsa Norell.
References
External links
Nuri Kino official website and blog
1965 births
Living people
Assyrian writers
Swedish people of Assyrian/Syriac descent
Turkish people of Assyrian descent
Swedish journalists
Swedish male bloggers
Turkish emigrants to Germany
German emigrants to Sweden
Sommar (radio program) hosts
Assyrian activists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri%20Kino |
Jeffrey Joseph Bzdelik () (born December 1, 1952) is an American professional basketball coach who most recently served as associate head coach for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was head coach of the Denver Nuggets in the NBA for slightly over two seasons, from 2002 until he was fired near the end of 2004. He also served as a college head coach at UMBC, Air Force, Colorado, and Wake Forest.
Early life
Bzdelik earned four varsity letters while playing basketball at the University of Illinois-Chicago, and was named team MVP in 1975–76. He also spent six years in the Army National Guard.
Coaching career
Early career in college basketball
Bzdelik began his coaching career in 1978 as an assistant at Davidson College in North Carolina. He moved to Northwestern University in 1980, where he spent six seasons as an assistant, helping the Wildcats to their first NIT appearance in school history. He then took the head coaching position at the University of Maryland-Baltimore County for two years.
Move to NBA as assistant
Washington Bullets coach Wes Unseld hired Bzdelik as an assistant in 1988. He stayed there until Unseld resigned in 1994. He then took a scouting position with Pat Riley and the New York Knicks before moving with Riley to the Miami Heat the next season as an assistant coach and advance scout. In 1997, Sports Illustrated named Bzdelik the NBA's best advance scout. In 2000, USA Today named him one of the NBA's top five assistants.
Denver Nuggets
Bzdelik was hired in 2001 by the Denver Nuggets to be their East Coast scout. He was promoted to assistant coach in July 2002 and impressed team management by going 6–0 in the Rocky Mountain Revue summer league and motivating the team's young players. He was named the head coach of the Nuggets on August 21, 2002. The team struggled in his first year, winning just 17 games. They bounced back in his second season to finish with 43 wins, reaching the postseason for the first time since 1995, before losing in the first round to eventual Western Conference finalist Minnesota. The Nuggets improved their win total by 26 games – the most ever by a team that won less than 20 games the year before and at the time the sixth-best single-season improvement in NBA history. His team also became the first in the history of the NBA to go from less than 20 wins to the playoffs the next year (since going to an 82-game schedule in 1976).
The team had high expectations in his third year after signing Kenyon Martin as a free agent. The Nuggets, though, struggled out of the gate to a 13–15 start and Bzdelik was fired on December 28, 2004.
Air Force Academy
On May 18, 2005, Bzedlik signed a multiyear contract to become the head coach at the US Air Force Academy. The team made a first round NCAA tournament appearance – just the fourth in school history – his first year after finishing with the best record (24–7) in the program's 50-year history. The Falcons have not appeared in the NCAA tournament since. The next year, they surpassed the record from the previous year by winning 26 games and made it to the NIT semifinals.
Colorado
Bzdelik left Air Force on April 4, 2007, to become the head basketball coach for the Colorado Buffaloes for three seasons. In his third and final season at CU, Bzdelik's team finished the regular season with four wins in its last six games. A first-round loss to Texas Tech in the Big 12 Tournament ended the Buff's season and left the team with a 15–16 record, their third straight losing season under Bzdelik.
Wake Forest University
On April 13, 2010, Bzdelik left Colorado to become the 21st head men's basketball coach at Wake Forest University, inheriting a successful team that was 21–12 the previous season, and had made back to back NCAA Tournament appearances. He resigned from Wake Forest in March 2014. His records at Wake Forest were 8–24 (2010–11), 13–18 (2011–12), 13–18 (2012–13) and 17–16 (in his final season in 2013–14).
Memphis Grizzlies
On July 31, 2014, Bzdelik was signed by the Memphis Grizzlies to be an assistant coach. The Grizzlies completed the regular season 55–27, tied for the fifth-best record in the entire NBA. During his 19 years in the NBA, Bzdelik served as a head or assistant coach for 12 teams that advanced to the playoffs.
Houston Rockets
On June 1, 2016, Bzdelik became associate head coach of the Houston Rockets, joining the staff of newly appointed head coach Mike D'Antoni.
"It stood out to us that he had so much head coaching experience," Rockets general manager Daryl Morey said. "That level of experience and gravitas really helps when you are explaining the battle plan. Second, the coaching tree he comes from is second to none. And there was a lot of respect from being the primary guy with the Memphis defense."
One of the least-discussed plots was the fact that head coach Mike D'Antoni willingly accepted a "defensive coordinator" with the addition of Jeff Bzdelik. D'Antoni brought the glitz, the glamor and the stats to Houston, while Bzdelik has helped keep the team from having a one-track mind.
"Players hear one voice offensively and one voice defensively," D'Antoni said recently when talking about Bzdelik's role on the NBA A-Z podcast.
Jonathan Feigen of the Houston Chronicle wrote, "It adds up to (Bzdelik's) place on D'Antoni's right, with respect and freedom to more than run the defense, but to change the mindset of the team happy to fire away but that has come to understand it must do more."
"We discuss everything, how we want to do things, how we want to present it," D'Antoni said. "He has a great connection with players. He has to be the little pest to get them to pay attention to detail. He's great at it. It works for me because I trust him completely. It allows me to concentrate on relationships, the offensive side, dealing with (media). I knew he was thorough. He's perfect."
In 2016–17, the Rockets were the best team in the NBA at defending the handler in ball screens. They ranked second in charges drawn, second in defending the screener/roller in ball screens, third in forcing a second action in ball screens and third in defensive 3-point field goal percentage.
According to the Houston Chronicle, "the Rockets improved in the ways they needed to most, in defending the arc and in transition. But Bzdelik knows that changing mindsets takes more time."
"The first thing we talked about when we got together in the summer was 'If you don't defend, you're not going to win,' " Bzdelik said. "History shows that. It's that simple. You're not going to run around scoring a lot of points, getting open shots in the playoffs. You better guard. And you can't just turn it on and turn it off."
"All year long, we've worked on our habits for this moment. There needs to be an understanding that it takes all five players on the court to get stops. Through the whole course of the year, we've been on players to understand we need to have the right habits. When you talk about championship cultures, teammates don't just play with each other, they play for each other. They refuse to let each other down. That's the culture we're trying to create defensively."
In 2017–18, the Rockets won a franchise record 65 games, posting the NBA's best record for the first time. Bzdelik coached under D'Antoni in the 2018 NBA All-Star Game in Los Angeles. The Rockets lost the Conference Finals to the eventual NBA champion Golden State Warriors in seven games. Star guard Chris Paul missed Games 6 and 7 of that series with a hamstring injury.
Defensively, the Rockets were "inconsistent in the first half of the season, but had the third-rated defense in the NBA since Harden and Luc Mbah a Moute returned from injuries in mid-January at roughly the mid-point of the season."
During the season, Bzdelik was profiled by VICE Sports. "In over a dozen interviews with coaches, players, and basketball executives who have worked with Bzdelik, the portrait of a hyper-driven, beloved, and tactically adept coach who has stockpiled inestimable reams of information over the course of an astounding career emerges." Hall of Fame coach and executive Pat Riley, who worked with Bzdelik in both New York and Miami, said, "I can't think of a man in the NBA that has more experience, more knowledge, more wisdom about how to defend in the contemporary game today, than Jeff. I was just always impressed with his scouting reports. He was very detailed. Very neat. Things were logical and coherent. He had all the right calls. We knew what the other team was gonna run."
On September 17, 2018, Bzdelik announced his retirement from coaching in the NBA. On November 23, 2018, Bzdelik agreed to return to the Rockets. At the time, Houston was ranked 21st in the league on defense after being sixth the year before.
On May 18, 2019, Bzdelik was let go by the Rockets during the off-season. Prior to this, he had publicly been noncommittal to returning in following seasons.
New Orleans Pelicans
On September 13, 2019, Bzdelik was hired by the New Orleans Pelicans as associate head coach. On November 16, 2020, Bzdelik was not retained by the Pelicans.
Head coaching record
NBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Denver
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||17||65||.207|| style="text-align:center;"|7th in Midwest||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Denver
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||43||39||.524|| style="text-align:center;"|6th in Midwest||5||1||4||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in first round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Denver
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 28||13||15||.464|| style="text-align:center;"|(fired)||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"|Career
| 192||73||119||.380|| ||5||1||4||||
College
References
External links
Official Air Force basketball profile
Official Wake Forest basketball profile
BasketballReference.com: Jeff Bzdelik (as coach)
1952 births
Living people
Air Force Falcons men's basketball coaches
American basketball scouts
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Illinois
Basketball players from Illinois
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball coaches
Davidson Wildcats men's basketball coaches
Denver Nuggets head coaches
Denver Nuggets scouts
Houston Rockets assistant coaches
Memphis Grizzlies assistant coaches
Miami Heat assistant coaches
New Orleans Pelicans assistant coaches
New York Knicks assistant coaches
New York Knicks scouts
Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball coaches
People from Mount Prospect, Illinois
Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois
UIC Flames men's basketball players
UMBC Retrievers men's basketball coaches
Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball coaches
Washington Bullets assistant coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Bzdelik |
Sloan Wainwright (born 1957) is an American artist and member of the American independent music scene. Her musical style consists of a combination of folk, rock, jazz, and blues. Sloan Wainwright developed this style while writing and performing in the Greenwich Village area of New York City.
Life and career
Sloan Wainwright is the daughter of Loudon Wainwright Jr. and Martha Taylor. She is the younger sister to Loudon Wainwright III, and aunt to Canadian-American musicians Martha Wainwright and Rufus Wainwright and American musician Lucy Wainwright Roche. She was married to George McTavey, who died in December 2008 after a long illness. They had two sons, Sam and Gabe McTavey.
As a performer, Wainwright is known for her contralto voice. Her musical style combines pop, folk, jazz, and blues.
Born into a musical family, her teenage years were largely influenced by a constant flow of diverse artists, writers and musicians. Writing and performing throughout the Greenwich Village scene, she developed her songwriting style.
In the mid-1990s, Sloan began to collaborate with guitarist Stephen Murphy. They assembled a band and Sloan released a self-titled debut CD in 1996, 'Sloan Wainwright'. The Sloan Wainwright Band followed with a second release in 1998, a tribute in memory of her mother Martha, entitled 'From Where You Are.' The third band release—in early 2001,The Song Inside, merges traditionally based folk music and more eccentric variations. After that, she released Cool Morning, featuring her rendition of U2's "Where The Streets Have No Name".
Discography
Red Maple Tree (2021)
"Two Sticks"
"When I Have Nothing"
"Red Maple Tree"
"In Time Like These"
"Spirit of Love"
"Still Life"
"Here You Are"
"The Keeper"
"In This House Two Heartbeats"
"Loves Last Touch"
"We Are The People"
"Help Each Other Through"
"The Gift You Gave to Love"
"Hard Candy"
Bright Side Of A Rainy Day (2016)
"If You Want To Be Happy"
"Bright Side Of A Rainy Day"
"Myles And Miles"
"Grace"
"My Hometown"
"Thinking Outside The Box"
"From This Day On"
"I Got Your Back"
"This I Know"
"Lonely For You"
Uncovering (2015)
"Dear George"
"Something So Right"
"Dreams Don't Count"
"Wedding Bell Blues"
"Truth Turns Like A Wheel"
"Conversation"
"First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
"Ain't No Grave"
"On A Night Like This"
"This Isn't Kindness"
"My Door Is Always Open To You
Upside Down & Under My Heart (2011)
"Living Out the Best of Your Life"
"Upside Down & Under My Heart"
"Here I Am"
"I Can See Now"
"Today"
"My Song"
"I Wear the Ring"
"Holland"
"Little Bit Right"
"I Am Free"
Rediscovery (2008)
"Time of No Reply"
"Ring of Fire"
"After the Gold Rush"
"Meet Me in the Morning"
"All Things Must Pass"
"Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
"There But for Fortune"
"Every Grain of Sand"
"Love"
"Sitting Here in Limbo"
Life Grows Back (2006)
"When I Walk Away"
"Tired of Wasting Time"
"Between the Lines"
"Wild in This World"
"Bad for Her"
"These Are the Days"
"The Baby and the Bathwater"
"Meet the Sun Halfway"
"Out of Her Hands"
"Viking Tree"
"Something That Comes Close"
On a Night Before Christmas (Live, 2005)
"Illuminate"
"2000 Miles"
"River"
"Blue Christmas"
"How Beautiful Are the Feet"
"Thank God It's Christmas"
"Silver Bells"
"O Come, O Come Emmanuel"
"We Three Guitarists"
"A Soalin'"
"Search the Sky"
"Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You"
"Silent Night"
Cool Morning (2003)
"Cool Morning"
"Word of the Day"
"Good Day to Live"
"Illinois"
"Where the Streets Have No Name"
"Illuminate"
"I Spied You"
"Ready or Not"
"From Where You Are"
"Summertime"
The Song Inside (2001)
"Too Nice for Too Long"
"You Are the Feast"
"Wavelength"
"Bridgeburner"
"Falling Backwards"
"The Song Inside"
"Less Is More"
"Fall with Me"
"Freedom"
"Martha"
"Steven Leif"
"I Stand Up"
"Unseen Guide"
From Where You Are (1998)
"Mountain of Sense"
"I Eye the Lady"
"Psycho Pondering"
"Don't Go"
"Here Comes the Rain"
"For My Pride"
"My New Car"
"Lament"
"I Guess I Can"
"Unravel"
"Across the Universe"
"From Where You Are"
Sloan Wainwright (1996)
"Hey Girl"
"Unseen Guide"
"Box of Rain"
"Steal My Thunder"
"Poison Television"
"On a Windy Day (Baretrees)"
"Daddy's Water"
"Without"
"Arms Length"
"Our Love"
"Stand"
"I'm Only Listening"
References
External links
Official website
1957 births
Living people
American people of Dutch descent
American women singer-songwriters
Sloan Wainwright
Singers from New York City
Sloan Wainwright
Sloan
Waterbug Records artists
Singer-songwriters from New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan%20Wainwright |
Fleur Nicolette Andrea van de Kieft (born 22 October 1973 in Amsterdam) is a former field hockey striker from the Netherlands, who played 137 official international matches for Holland, in which she scored a total number of 44 goals.
Van de Kieft was a member of the Dutch Women's Team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics, after defeating Spain (2-0) in the third place match. Four years earlier, when Atlanta, Georgia hosted the Games, she won her first Olympic bronze medal.
A player from Laren and Rotterdam Van de Kieft made her debut for the Dutch on 29 January 1996 in a friendly against the United States. Her last cap came on 1 September 2002, when Holland defeated Australia: 4–3.
References
KNHB Profile
External links
1973 births
Living people
Dutch female field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands
Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players from Amsterdam
Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
20th-century Dutch women
21st-century Dutch women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur%20van%20de%20Kieft |
The table tennis competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics consisted of four events.
Participating nations
A total of 166 athletes (85 men and 81 women), representing 51 NOCs, competed in four events.
Medal table
Medal summary
References
Sources
Official Olympic Report
International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
1996 Summer Olympics events
1996
1996 in table tennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20tennis%20at%20the%201996%20Summer%20Olympics |
Serangoon Bus Interchange is a bus interchange serving Serangoon New Town in Singapore, and is within walking distance from Serangoon MRT station. Opened on 3 September 2011, it is air-conditioned and has 9 services and 17 bus bays.
History
The original bus interchange was opened on 13 March 1988 along Serangoon Central. This interchange took over the overcrowded Serangoon Gardens Bus Interchange and a temporary bus terminal along Serangoon Avenue 3. The compound was located under a multi-storey carpark (Block 264), with end-on berths on the eastern side and sawtooth berths (with a bus park) on the western side. Access to the interchange was located along Serangoon Central.
When the shopping mall nex opened on 25 November 2010, the old bus interchange continued to operate due to congestion at Serangoon Avenue 2, carpark problems and large crowds in the shopping mall.
Relocation
On 3 September 2011, the interchange was relocated to a new air-conditioned facility along Serangoon Avenue 2 integrated with the shopping mall, nex, and the Serangoon MRT station, making it the fifth bus interchange to be air conditioned. The new facility was the first to have glass walls instead of cement walls facing the bus bays, allowing commuters to be aware of the departure of buses, which was not present in the earlier air conditioned bus interchanges. Due to space constraints, Bus Services 81 and 82 no longer terminated at the interchange and were amended to loop at Serangoon Central instead.
Bus Contracting Model
Under the new bus contracting model, with the exception of Bus Service 100 is under Clementi Bus Package, the rest of the bus services are under Serangoon-Eunos Bus Package.
Currently, all bus services at the interchange are operated by the anchor operator, SBS Transit.
List of routes
References
External links
Interchanges and Terminals (SBS Transit)
2011 establishments in Singapore
Bus stations in Singapore
Buildings and structures in Serangoon
Transport in North-East Region, Singapore | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangoon%20Bus%20Interchange |
Hartranft is a neighborhood in the central part of North Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Hartranft is on the border of the predominantly Black central region of North Philadelphia and the predominantly Hispanic eastern region of North Philadelphia. Bounded by 6th Street to the east, Broad Street to the west, Allegheny Avenue to the north, and Cecil B. Moore Avenue to the south. Bordering neighborhoods are Fairhill to the north, West Kensington to the east, Cecil B. Moore to the west, and Ludlow to the south.
The neighborhood falls into the ZIP Codes 19122 and 19133.
The demolished Northern National Bank building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Demographics
As of the Census of 2010 Hartranft had 15,883 people and was 49.6% Hispanic (primarily Puerto Rican), 29.9% African American, 13% White, and 7.5% mixed or other.
44% of its people live below the poverty line.
The average housing structure was built in 1946. 43.12% of all properties were vacant as of 2000.
Education
Public schools in the Hartranft district are operated by the School District of Philadelphia.
The Free Library of Philadelphia Lillian Marrero Branch serves West Kensington.
References
Neighborhoods in Philadelphia
Lower North Philadelphia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartranft%2C%20Philadelphia |
Merle Hansen (November 11, 1919 – March 27, 2009) was the founding president of the North American Farm Alliance and a spokesman for the plight of family farmers.
Background
Merle Elwin Hansen was born on his family's farmstead north of Newman Grove, Nebraska. After graduating from Newman Grove High School in 1938, Merle attended a business college in Chillicothe, Missouri.
Hansen viewed farm policy as an issue of social justice and often urged farmers to align themselves with minorities, environmentalists, the urban poor, labor unions, and other constituencies often regarded as marginalized in American culture. During the Great Depression, Hansen's father was active in the Farmers' Holiday Association, a farm protest organization that advocated the withholding of farm commodities from markets as a means of raising farm prices, and the use of penny auctions as a means of stopping farm foreclosures. The Holiday's plan for increasing prices never proved feasible, but the "penny auctions" were occasionally successful in preventing banks from foreclosing on individual farmers.
In many well-publicized cases, Association members would attend a farm sale regarded by Association members as morally or legally questionable. After bidding no more than a few pennies on each item put up by the auctioneer, they would return everything to the original owners immediately following the auction. Local law enforcement officials often discovered they were powerless to stop these tactics, and individuals at the auction who made earnest bids on the items in the sale were often intimidated into silence by Association members.
Hansen's town of Newman Grove was home to one of the movement's most successful locals. Often meeting in an auto-repair garage owned by Hansen's family, the "Madison County" chapter of the Association gained national attention for several successful actions, including the orchestration of a "penny auction" in Elgin, NE and the reacquisition of farmer-owned property that had been seized by banks. Deeply affected by these early experiences of direct action and radical populism, Hansen referenced the Association throughout his career.
World War II
On December 8, 1941, Hansen enlisted in the US Navy as a petty officer. He served mostly in the Pacific theatre and was awarded six battle stars. Following the war, he worked out of Omaha as a multi-state field organizer for the American Veterans Committee, a progressive veterans organization formed to oppose the more conservative American Legion.
Farmers Union
In the late 1940s, Hansen also worked as a field organizer for the South Dakota Farmers Union, and later for the Iowa Farmers Union, where he worked under IFU President Frederick William Stover (1898–1990), the former liaison between the USDA and the Roosevelt White House. Stover was a close ally of former Vice President Henry C. Wallace and one of the policy authors of the New Deal's innovative but controversial agricultural reforms. Stover would become Hansen's mentor, teaching him many of the Byzantine intricacies of federal farm policy and remaining a close ally and partner of Hansen's from the 1950s to the 1980s.
During his time in Iowa with Farmers Union, Hansen became a close friend and supporter of the prominent African American activist Edna Griffin, the organizer of one of the nation's first desegregation campaigns. While working with Griffin in her efforts to integrate Katz Drug Store in Des Moines, Hansen developed a friendship with the Griffin family and became an early and enthusiastic supporter of the civil rights movement. Griffin's husband, an African-American doctor, was the attending physician at the birth of two of Hansen's children.
At the outbreak of the Korean War, a conflict erupted between Stover and the National Farmers Union, with Stover opposing American intervention and NFU President James Patton supporting President Truman, with whom he had a close working relationship. This conflict caused the Iowa Farmers Union to splinter into bitterly opposed factions and eventually would cause Stover's removal as state president. In the midst of the controversy, Hansen returned to his family's farm in Madison County, Nebraska. Throughout the 1950s, he continued his involvement in farm politics, serving as a vice president of the U.S. Farmers Association which as newly formed by Fred Stover and working with the local chapter of the burgeoning National Farmers Organization.
In the 1970s, Hansen served as the president of Nebraskans For Peace, an anti-war and social justice organization. He also served as a state officer in the American Agriculture Movement, the militant farm organization responsible for orchestrating the "tractorcades," a public relations spectacle in which hundreds of farmers drove their tractors through the city streets of Washington DC.
North American Farm Alliance
In 1983, as the nation's farm crisis deepened, Hansen was elected to serve as the founding chairman of the North American Farm Alliance, a farm protest organization that advocated a return to Roosevelt's New Deal farm policies. The group also sought to construct an active coalition between family farmers and other groups perceived as disenfranchised or marginalized in American life. The group's coalition building included outreach to environmentalists, civil rights organizations, the urban poor, and farmers in developing countries.
In August 1983, Hansen and other family farm leaders met with Jesse Jackson in Washington, D.C. during the 20th anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. When Jackson announced his presidential candidacy a short while later, Hansen became his chief adviser on agricultural policy. Against the advice of many of his advisors, who told him it would be futile to court rural farmers, Jackson adopted many of Hansen's suggestions.
Jackson attended numerous farm protest rallies and his electoral performance in rural counties often surpassed expectations. At the 1984 Democratic National Convention, Hansen was asked by Jackson to make one of the three speeches formally entering his name into nomination as a candidate. The other nominating speeches were made by future Congresswoman Maxine Waters and Washington, D.C. mayor Marion Barry. In 1985, Hansen traveled to Africa with Jackson, meeting with Ministers of Agriculture while Jackson met with heads of state. In 1988, he again worked with Jackson on his presidential campaign. He attended the 1988 Democratic National Convention as an Alternate Delegate and contributed substantially to that year's platform debate on agricultural policy.
In addition to his role as President of the North American Farm Alliance, Hansen also served as vice president of the National Save the Family Farm Coalition. In 1985, Hansen was an active supporter of the first Farm Aid concert, and was heavily involved with the crafting of Farm Aid's political message and the distribution of the financial proceeds from the first concert's ticket sales.
Throughout the 1980s, Hansen was a prominent spokesman for the concerns of family farmers, often speaking at rallies, protest actions, and with media representatives. He was featured prominently in publications ranging from USA Today, to The New York Times, to Ms. Magazine. As President of the North American Farm Alliance, his primary responsibility was communications outreach and coalition building. An articulate speaker, Hansen's message reached audiences throughout the United States and around the world.
Later years
In 1990, he largely retired from active involvement in politics, with the notable exception of his endorsement and support of Ralph Nader in the 2000 Presidential election. Hansen joined 51 other family farmer and rural activists in forming 'Family Farmers’ National Alliance for Nader\LaDuke'.
From the 1930s to the 1980s, he was involved with most of the nation's major farm protest organizations, often taking leadership roles. He was a strong and consistent advocate of parity price indexing of agricultural commodities, and often encouraged family farmers to align themselves with other marginalized constituencies in American life. An oral history of Hansen's involvement in farm protest movements is available in Coming of Age: The Story of Our Century by Those Who’ve Lived It by Studs Terkel.
Hansen's files and records were donated to Iowa State University. The manuscript collection available at ISU in Ames includes his speeches and writings, the organizational archives of the many organizations he was involved with, and exchanges of letters with dozens of correspondents. Some of his records were also sent to the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, including most of his records relating to Nebraskans for Peace and the American Veterans Committee.
References
Other sources
Farm Bill Basics: Formula for Prosperity and Fairness (George Naylor, Jim Dubert, Bert Henningson, Jr. and Curt Stofferahn. Ames, Iowa)
External links
Merle Elwin Hansen Papers (Special Collections Department, Iowa State University)
1919 births
2009 deaths
People from Newman Grove, Nebraska
Farmers from Nebraska
American people of Norwegian descent
American Lutherans
20th-century Lutherans
United States Navy personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle%20Hansen |
Voloshin, Woloshin,Wolloshin, Voloshyn or Woloshyn (Cyrillic: Волошин) is a Ukrainian and Russian masculine surname. It comes from the dated exonym Volokh ("Vlach", "Romanian"). Its feminine forms are Voloshina, Woloshina, Voloshyna or Woloshyna.
People
Voloshin, Voloshina
Aleksandr Voloshin (born 1956), Russian politician and businessman
Leonid Voloshin (born 1966), Russian triple jumper
Maximilian Voloshin (1877–1932), Ukrainian-born Russian poet
Mikhail Voloshin (1953–2020), Russian-American theoretical physicist
Sergei Voloshin (born 1953), Russian-American nuclear physicist
Vera Voloshina (1919–1941), Russian partisan
2009 Voloshina, main-belt asteroid named after Vera
Voloshyn, Voloshyna
Anna Voloshyna (born 1991), Ukrainian synchro swimmer
Avgustyn Voloshyn (1874–1945), Ukrainian politician, teacher, and essayist
Dmytro Voloshyn (disambiguation), multiple people
Nazar Voloshyn (born 2003), Ukrainian footballer
Oleg Voloshyn (born 1981), Russian-Ukrainian journalist
Vikentiy Voloshyn (born 2001), Ukrainian footballer
Vyacheslav Voloshyn (born 1952), Ukrainian scientist
Woloshyn
Bruce Woloshyn (born 1964), American digital effects artist and supervisor
Illya Woloshyn, Canadian actor
Stan Woloshyn (born 1939), Canadian politician
Ted Woloshyn (born 1953), Canadian broadcaster
See also
Russian-language surnames
Ukrainian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voloshin |
Ultrafast laser spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that uses ultrashort pulse lasers for the study of dynamics on extremely short time scales (attoseconds to nanoseconds). Different methods are used to examine the dynamics of charge carriers, atoms, and molecules. Many different procedures have been developed spanning different time scales and photon energy ranges; some common methods are listed below.
Attosecond-to-picosecond spectroscopy
Dynamics on the femtosecond time scale are in general too fast to be measured electronically. Most measurements are done by employing a sequence of ultrashort light pulses to initiate a process and record its dynamics. The temporal width (duration) of the light pulses has to be on the same scale as the dynamics that are to be measured or even shorter.
Light sources
Titanium-sapphire laser
Ti-sapphire lasers are tunable lasers that emit red and near-infrared light (700 nm- 1100 nm).Ti-sapphire laser oscillators use Ti doped-sapphire crystals as a gain medium and Kerr-lens mode-locking to achieve sub-picosecond light pulses. Typical Ti:sapphire oscillator pulses have nJ energy and repetition rates 70-100 MHz. Chirped pulse amplification through regenerative amplification can be used to attain higher pulse energies. For amplification, laser pulses from the Ti:sapphire oscillator must first be stretched in time to prevent damage to optics, and then are injected into the cavity of another laser where pulses are amplified at a lower repetition rate. Regeneratively amplified pulses can be further amplified in a multi-pass amplifier. Following amplification, the pulses are recompressed to pulse widths similar to the original pulse widths.
Dye laser
A dye laser is a four-level laser that uses an organic dye as the gain medium. Pumped by a laser with a fixed wavelength, due to various dye types you use, different dye lasers can emit beams with different wavelengths. A ring laser design is most often used in a dye laser system. Also, tuning elements, such as a diffraction grating or prism, are usually incorporated in the cavity. This allows only light in a very narrow frequency range to resonate in the cavity and be emitted as laser emission. The wide tunability range, high output power, and pulsed or CW operation make the dye laser particularly useful in many physical & chemical studies.
Fiber laser
A fiber laser is usually generated first from a laser diode. The laser diode then couples the light into a fiber where it will be confined. Different wavelengths can be achieved with the use of doped fiber. The pump light from the laser diode will excite a state in the doped fiber which can then drop in energy causing a specific wavelength to be emitted. This wavelength may be different from that of the pump light and more useful for a particular experiment.
X-ray generation
Ultrafast optical pulses can be used to generate x-ray pulses in multiple ways. An optical pulse can excite an electron pulse via the photoelectric effect, and acceleration across a high potential gives the electrons kinetic energy. When the electrons hit a target they generate both characteristic x-rays and bremsstrahlung. A second method is via laser-induced plasma. When very high-intensity laser light is incident on a target, it strips electrons off the target creating a negatively charged plasma cloud. The strong Coulomb force due to the ionized material in the center of the cloud quickly accelerates the electrons back to the nuclei left behind. Upon collision with the nuclei, Bremsstrahlung and characteristic emission x-rays are given off. This method of x-ray generation scatters photons in all directions, but also generates picosecond x-ray pulses.
Conversion and characterization
Pulse characterization
For accurate spectroscopic measurements to be made, several characteristics of the laser pulse need to be known; pulse duration, pulse energy, spectral phase, and spectral shape are among some of these. Information about pulse duration can be determined through autocorrelation measurements, or from cross-correlation with another well-characterized pulse. Methods allowing for complete characterization of pulses include frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) and spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER).
Pulse shaping
Pulse shaping is to modify the pulses from the source in a well-defined manner, including manipulation on pulse’s amplitude, phase, and duration.
To amplify pulse’s intensity, chirped pulse amplification is generally applied, which includes a pulse stretcher, amplifier, and compressor. It will not change the duration or phase of the pulse during the amplification. Pulse compression (shorten the pulse duration) is achieved by first chirping the pulse in a nonlinear material and broadening the spectrum, with the following compressor for chirp compensation. A fiber compressor is generally used in this case.
Pulse shapers usually refer to optical modulators which apply Fourier transforms to a laser beam. Depending on which property of light is controlled, modulators are called intensity modulators, phase modulators, polarization modulators, spatial light modulators. Depending on the modulation mechanism, optical modulators are divided into Acoustic-optic modulators, Electro-optic modulators, Liquid crystal modulators, etc. Each is dedicated to different applications.
High harmonic generation
High harmonic generation (HHG) is the nonlinear process where intense laser radiation is converted from one fixed frequency to high harmonics of that frequency by ionization and recollision of an electron. It was first observed in 1987 by McPherson et al. who successfully generated harmonic emission up to the 17th order at 248 nm in neon gas.
HHG is seen by focusing an ultra-fast, high-intensity, near-IR pulse into a noble gas at intensities of (1013–1014 W/cm2) and it generates coherent pulses in the XUV to Soft X-ray (100–1 nm) region of the spectrum. It is realizable on a laboratory scale (table-top systems) as opposed to large free electron-laser facilities.
High harmonic generation in atoms is well understood in terms of the three-step model (ionization, propagation, and recombination).
Ionization: The intense laser field modifies the Coulomb potential of the atom, electron tunnels through the barrier and ionize.
Propagation: The free-electron accelerates in the laser field and gains momentum.
Recombination: When the field reverses, the electron is accelerated back toward the ionic parent and releases a photon with very high energy.
Frequency conversion techniques
Different spectroscopy experiments require different excitation or probe wavelengths. For this reason, frequency conversion techniques are commonly used to extend the operational spectrum of existing laser light sources.
The most widespread conversion techniques rely on using crystals with second-order non-linearity to perform either parametric amplification or frequency mixing.
Frequency mixing works by superimposing two beams of equal or different wavelengths to generate a signal which is a higher harmonic or the sum frequency of the first two.
Parametric amplification overlaps a weak probe beam with a higher energy pump beam in a non-linear crystal such that the weak beam gets amplified and the remaining energy goes out as a new beam called the idler. This approach has the capability of generating output pulses that are shorter than the input ones. Different schemes of this approach have been implemented. Examples are optical parametric oscillator (OPO), optical parametric amplifier (OPA), non-collinear parametric amplifier (NOPA).
Techniques
Ultrafast transient absorption
This method is typical of 'pump-probe' experiments, where a pulsed laser is used to excite the electrons in a material (such as a molecule or semiconducting solid) from their ground states to higher-energy excited states. A probing light source, typically a xenon arc lamp or broadband laser pulse created by supercontinuum generation, is used to obtain an absorption spectrum of the compound at various times following its excitation. As the excited molecules absorb the probe light, they are further excited to even higher states or induced to return to the ground state radiatively through stimulated emission. After passing through the sample, the unabsorbed probe light continues to a photodetector such as an avalanche photodiode array or CMOS camera, and the data is processed to generate an absorption spectrum of the excited state. Since all the molecules or excitation sites in the sample will not undergo the same dynamics simultaneously, this experiment must be carried out many times (where each "experiment" comes from a single pair of pump and probe laser pulse interactions), and the data must be averaged to generate spectra with accurate intensities and peaks. Because photobleaching and other photochemical or photothermal reactions can happen to the samples, this method requires evaluating these effects by measuring the same sample at the same location many times at different pump and probe intensities. Most time the liquid samples are stirred during measurement making relatively long-time kinetics difficult to measure due to flow and diffusion. Unlike time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), this technique can be carried out on non-fluorescent samples. It can also be performed on non-transmissive samples in a reflection geometry.
Ultrafast transient absorption can use almost any probe light, so long as the probe is of a pertinent wavelength or set of wavelengths. A monochromator and photomultiplier tube in place of the avalanche photodiode array allows observation of a single probe wavelength, and thus allows probing of the decay kinetics of the excited species. The purpose of this setup is to take kinetic measurements of species that are otherwise nonradiative, and specifically it is useful for observing species that have short-lived and non-phosphorescent populations within the triplet manifold as part of their decay path. The pulsed laser in this setup is used both as a primary excitation source, and a clock signal for the ultrafast measurements. Although laborious and time-consuming, the monochromator position may also be shifted to allow absorbance decay profiles to be constructed, ultimately to the same effect as the above method.
The data of UTA measurements usually are reconstructed absorption spectra sequenced over the delay time between the pump and probe. Each spectrum resembles a normal steady-state absorption profile of the sample after the delay time of the excitation with the time resolution convoluted from the pump and probe time resolutions. The excitation wavelength is blinded by the pump laser and cut out. The rest of the spectra usually have a few bands such as ground-state absorption, excited-state absorption, and stimulated emission. Under normal conditions, the angles of the emission are randomly orientated and not detected in the absorption geometry. But in UTA measurement, the stimulated emission resembles the lasing effect, is highly oriented, and is detected. Many times this emission overlaps with the absorption bands and needs to be deconvoluted for quantitative analysis. The relationship and correlation among these bands can be visualized using the classical spectroscopic two-dimensional correlation analysis.
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy (2PPE) combine a pump-probe scheme with angle-resolved photoemission. A first laser pulse is used to excite a material, a second laser pulse ionizes the system. The kinetic energy of the electrons from this process is then detected, through various methods including energy mapping, time of flight measurements etc. As above, the process is repeated many times, with different time delays between the probe pulse and the pump pulse. This builds up a picture of how the molecule relaxes over time.
A variation of this method looks at the positive ions created in this process and is called time-resolved photo-ion spectroscopy (TRPIS)
Multidimensional spectroscopy
Using the same principles pioneered by 2D-NMR experiments, multidimensional optical or infrared spectroscopy is possible using ultrafast pulses. Different frequencies can probe various dynamic molecular processes to differentiate between inhomogeneous and homogeneous line broadening as well as identify coupling between the measured spectroscopic transitions. If two oscillators are coupled together, be it intramolecular vibrations or intermolecular electronic coupling, the added dimensionality will resolve anharmonic responses not identifiable in linear spectra. A typical 2D pulse sequence consists of an initial pulse to pump the system into a coherent superposition of states, followed by a phase conjugate second pulse that pushes the system into a non-oscillating excited state, and finally, a third pulse that converts back to a coherent state that produces a measurable pulse. A 2D frequency spectrum can then be recorded by plotting the Fourier transform of the delay between the first and second pulses on one axis, and the Fourier transform of the delay between a detection pulse relative to the signal-producing third pulse on the other axis. 2D spectroscopy is an example of a four-wave mixing experiment, and the wavevector of the signal will be the sum of the three incident wavevectors used in the pulse sequence. Multidimensional spectroscopies exist in infrared and visible variants as well as combinations using different wavelength regions.
Ultrafast imaging
Most ultrafast imaging techniques are variations on standard pump-probe experiments. Some commonly used techniques are Electron Diffraction imaging, Kerr Gated Microscopy, imaging with ultrafast electron pulses and terahertz imaging.
This is particularly true in the biomedical community where safe and non-invasive techniques for diagnosis are always of interest. Terahertz imaging has recently been used to identify areas of decay in tooth enamel and image the layers of the skin. Additionally, it has shown to be able to successfully distinguish a region of breast carcinoma from healthy tissue.
Another technique called Serial Time-encoded amplified microscopy has shown to have the capability of even earlier detection of trace amounts of cancer cells in the blood. Other non-biomedical applications include ultrafast imaging around corners or through opaque objects.
Femtosecond up-conversion
Femtosecond up-conversion is a pump-probe technique that uses nonlinear optics to combine the fluorescence signal and probe signal to create a signal with a new frequency via photon upconversion, which is subsequently detected. The probe scans through delay times after the pump excites the sample, generating a plot of intensity over time.
Applications
Applications of femtosecond spectroscopy to biochemistry
Ultrafast processes are found throughout biology. Until the advent of femtosecond methods, many of the mechanism of such processes were unknown. Examples of these include the cis-trans photoisomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore retinal, excited state and population dynamics of DNA, and the charge transfer processes in photosynthetic reaction centers Charge transfer dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers has a direct bearing on man’s ability to develop light harvesting technology, while the excited state dynamics of DNA has implications in diseases such as skin cancer. Advances in femtosecond methods are crucial to the understanding of ultrafast phenomena in nature.
Photodissociation and femtosecond probing
Photodissociation is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule. Any photon with sufficient energy can affect the chemical bonds of a chemical compound, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays and gamma rays. The technique of probing chemical reactions has been successfully applied to unimolecular dissociations. The possibility of using a femtosecond technique to study bimolecular reactions at the individual collision level is complicated by the difficulties of spatial and temporal synchronization. One way to overcome this problem is through the use of Van der Waals complexes of weakly bound molecular cluster. Femtosecond techniques are not limited to the observation of the chemical reactions, but can even exploited to influence the course of the reaction. This can open new relaxation channels or increase the yield of certain reaction products.
Picosecond-to-nanosecond spectroscopy
Streak camera
Unlike attosecond and femtosecond pulses, the duration of pulses on the nanosecond timescale are slow enough to be measured through electronic means. Streak cameras translate the temporal profile of pulses into that of a spatial profile; that is, photons that arrive on the detector at different times arrive at different locations on the detector.
Time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is used to analyze the relaxation of molecules from an excited state to a lower energy state. Since various molecules in a sample will emit photons at different times following their simultaneous excitation, the decay must be thought of as having a certain rate rather than occurring at a specific time after excitation. By observing how long individual molecules take to emit their photons, and then combining all these data points, an intensity vs. time graph can be generated that displays the exponential decay curve typical to these processes. However, it is difficult to simultaneously monitor multiple molecules. Instead, individual excitation-relaxation events are recorded and then averaged to generate the curve.
This technique analyzes the time difference between the excitation of the sample molecule and the release of energy as another photon. Repeating this process many times will give a decay profile. Pulsed lasers or LEDs can be used as a source of excitation. Part of the light passes through the sample, the other to the electronics as "sync" signal. The light emitted by the sample molecule is passed through a monochromator to select a specific wavelength. The light then is detected and amplified by a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The emitted light signal as well as reference light signal is processed through a constant fraction discriminator (CFD) which eliminates timing jitter. After passing through the CFD, the reference pulse activates a time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) circuit. The TAC charges a capacitor which will hold the signal until the next electrical pulse. In reverse TAC mode the signal of "sync" stops the TAC. This data is then further processed by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and multi-channel analyzer (MCA) to get a data output. To make sure that the decay is not biased to early arriving photons, the photon count rate is kept low (usually less than 1% of excitation rate).
This electrical pulse comes after the second laser pulse excites the molecule to a higher energy state, and a photon is eventually emitted from a single molecule upon returning to its original state. Thus, the longer a molecule takes to emit a photon, the higher the voltage of the resulting pulse. The central concept of this technique is that only a single photon is needed to discharge the capacitor. Thus, this experiment must be repeated many times to gather the full range of delays between excitation and emission of a photon. After each trial, a pre-calibrated computer converts the voltage sent out by the TAC into a time and records the event in a histogram of time since excitation. Since the probability that no molecule will have relaxed decreases with time, a decay curve emerges that can then be analyzed to find out the decay rate of the event.
A major complicating factor is that many decay processes involve multiple energy states, and thus multiple rate constants. Though non-linear least squares analysis can usually detect the different rate constants, determining the processes involved is often very difficult and requires the combination of multiple ultra-fast techniques. Even more complicating is the presence of inter-system crossing and other non-radiative processes in a molecule. A limiting factor of this technique is that it is limited to studying energy states that result in fluorescent decay. The technique can also be used to study relaxation of electrons from the conduction band to the valence band in semiconductors.
See also
Time-resolved spectroscopy
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
Electronic configuration
Atomic spectral line
Attosecond chronoscopy
References
External links
Ultrafast studies of single semiconductor and metal nanostructures through transient absorption microscopy, a Chemical Science mini review by Gregory Hartland
W. Becker: The bh TCSPC Handbook., Fifth Edition, 2012, (Becker & Hickl GmbH, PDF file, 77 MB)
W. Becker: The bh TCSPC Handbook., 7th Edition, 2017 (Becker & Hickl GmbH, PDF file)
Ultrafast Lasers: An animated guide to the functioning of Ti:Sapphire lasers and amplifiers.
Ultrafast spectroscopy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafast%20laser%20spectroscopy |
Sengkang Bus Interchange is a bus interchange located on the ground level of Compass Heights condominium in the town centre of Sengkang New Town, Singapore. Located next to Sengkang MRT/LRT station, it is the second bus interchange in Singapore to be air conditioned. It was opened on 18 January 2003.
History
Old bus interchange
The bus interchange was opened on 12 June 1998 as a terminal. At that time, developments around the area in Sengkang New Town were still actively in progress. On 28 April 2001, the temporary bus interchange was located across the road of Sengkang Square. To date, only the main shelter of the old bus interchange remains, connecting Sengkang Square to nearby HDB estates along Compassvale Road.
Relocation
On 18 January 2003, which was the day Sengkang LRT East Loop opened, Sengkang Bus Interchange was moved to Compass One (formerly known as Compass Point), and integrated with the other transport networks like the Sengkang MRT, Sengkang LRT line and station, all housed under one complex. It is notably the second bus interchange in Singapore to be air-conditioned, after Toa Payoh Bus Interchange.
Enhancement
To improve ventilation at the former non-air conditioned alighting bays, the Land Transport Authority constructed a new air-conditioned passageway connecting to the existing air conditioned boarding areas in 2007. On 24 November 2014, LTA officially announced the expansion of the interchange to accommodate future bus services under the Bus Service Enhancement Programme (BSEP) Scheme as the current interchange does not have enough parking spaces for more services. The expansion consists of 12 additional parking bays, boarding and alighting facilities, concourse area, staff lounge and a canteen. The expansion works were scheduled to be completed in the third quarter of 2016. The extension, named Compassvale Bus Interchange (formerly referred to as Sengkang Bus Interchange Expansion), is located opposite the current bus interchange along Sengkang Square and it officially opened on 12 March 2017 together with the launch of bus service 374.
Bus Contracting Model
Under the new bus contracting model, all the bus routes were split into 4 route packages. Bus Service 965 is under Sembawang-Yishun Bus Package, Bus Service 83 is under Loyang Bus Package, Bus Service 156 is under Clementi Bus Package and the rest of the bus services are under Sengkang-Hougang Bus Package.
Currently, Bus Service 83 (Loyang Bus Package) is operated by Go-Ahead Singapore. Bus Service 965 (Sembawang-Yishun Bus Package) is currently operated by Tower Transit Singapore. All remaining bus services are operated by the anchor operator, SBS Transit.
List of routes
References
External links
Interchanges and Terminals (SBS Transit)
Interchange/Terminal (SMRT Buses)
2003 establishments in Singapore
Bus stations in Singapore
Buildings and structures in Sengkang
Transport in North-East Region, Singapore
Sengkang
Sengkang Town Centre | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengkang%20Bus%20Interchange |
Steve Monarque (born April 2, 1959) is a New York-based actor, director, writer and musician.
Life and career
Monarque was born and raised in the suburban New Jersey community of Pompton Lakes.
Monarque has appeared in films including No Small Affair and Sixteen Candles. In 1985, he was the lead in a special MTV video for the song "25 or 6 to 4" by the rock band Chicago. He also starred in the late eighties romantic comedy film Under the Boardwalk. Monarque starred in two award-winning TV movies, ABC Afterschool Specials: Stoned (1980), co-starring with Scott Baio, and CBS Schoolbreak Special: The Day the Senior Class Got Married (1985), co-starring with Paul Dooley.
In 1989, he joined the syndicated sci-fi horror series Friday the 13th: The Series, as regular cast member Johnny Ventura, a streetwise kid and freelance writer who works part-time at an antiques store and who helped his store partners collect special items that had been previously cursed by the Devil. The series, also starring Chris Wiggins, Louise Robey, and John D. LeMay, is known in Europe under the title Friday's Curse. It has a loyal cult following and remains a favorite program for many horror TV fans worldwide.
After landing a role in a Chris Carter movie entitled Fencewalker, Monarque then went on to work on ER, Close to Home and Law & Order: Criminal Intent.
Monarque is also a director, writer, musician and composer. Monarque’s play That's Life was produced at the Egyptian Theater in Los Angeles in 2002. Monarque’s writing-directing effort Free Country won best play in the 2009 Strawberry One Act Festival and won best short film at the New York City International Film Festival (2011). "Free Country" has been published and can be found in the Drama Book Shop NYC and online. The founder of MonaVision Films, Monarque’s latest writing-directing project, Simpler Times, a 33-minute made-for-TV short film starring Jerry Stiller, was completed in 2014. "Simpler Times" festival screenings and awards include: HollyShorts Film Festival, the Nevada International Film Festival (Platinum Reel Award); the Lighthouse International Film Festival, NJ (Audience Choice Award, Best Short Film); the Columbia Gorge International Film Festival (Best Director); WorldFest Houston (Gold Remi Award); the Manhattan Film Festival (Winner); the Big Apple Film Festival (Golden Apple Award presented to Jerry Stiller); the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival (Spirit of the Independent Award); the International Family Film Festival, Hollywood, CA (Best Short Comedy); the San Diego Jewish Film Festival; the New Jersey International Film Festival (Honorable Mention) and the Los Angeles International Short Film Festival (LA Shorts Fest).
References
External links
monavisionfilms.com
1959 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
People from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Monarque |
Karram-Allah-u Wajhah (; ) is a phrase used almost solely to honor the first Shia Imam and fourth Rashidun Caliph Ali as the only early Muslim who never knelt down to an idol in Jahilyah, and always followed Muhammad. This honorific is mostly used by some Sunnis and is acceptable to Shi'a Muslims. However, Shi'a prefer using Alayh-es-Salam or "Peace be upon him", which is conventionally used for the prophets and archangels.
According to Nasr, in the Battle of Uhud Ali fought the great Quraysh warrior Talha ibn Abi Talha. Talha constantly boasted that he defeats any Muslim who comes his way. When Talha was defeated by Ali, he asked for mercy by saying the phrase Karram-Allah-u Wajhahu. According to Nasr, this prayer of goodness became one of the titles of Ali that is mostly used by Sunnis. This phrase, which is usually accompanied by other words, is used to send greetings and good prayers.
References
Arabic words and phrases
Islamic honorifics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karram-Allah-u%20Wajhahu |
Michael Leeroyall Evans (born April 19, 1955) is an American former National Basketball Association (NBA) player and coach. He played collegiately at Kansas State University where he is Kansas State's second all-time leading points scorer, behind Jacob Pullen, with 2,115 points. He was drafted by the Denver Nuggets with the 21st pick of the 1978 NBA draft and had a 9-year NBA career with four teams (the San Antonio Spurs, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers, and the Denver Nuggets). He was widely regarded throughout his career as an excellent 3-point shooter, being among the league leaders in that statistical category during his stint in Denver.
After his retirement as a player, he became an assistant coach with the Nuggets. In 2001, when Dan Issel was fired, Evans assumed coaching duties for the remainder of the 2001–02 season, after which Jeff Bzdelik was hired as the team's head coach. In 2006–07 he was a scout for the Toronto Raptors. He then joined the Raptors' coaching staff in 2007–08. He was fired in the 2009 off-season.
NBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| align="left" | 1979–80
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 79 || - || 15.8 || .448 || .286 || .682 || 1.4 || 2.9 || 0.8 || 0.1 || 6.2
|-
| align="left" | 1980–81
| align="left" | Milwaukee
| 71 || - || 12.8 || .460 || .143 || .781 || 1.2 || 2.4 || 0.5 || 0.1 || 4.5
|-
| align="left" | 1981–82
| align="left" | Milwaukee
| 14 || 0 || 14.0 || .471 || .000 || .667 || 0.9 || 1.6 || 0.6 || 0.0 || 4.0
|-
| align="left" | 1981–82
| align="left" | Cleveland
| 8 || 0 || 9.3 || .314 || .000 || .625 || 1.3 || 2.5 || 0.5 || 0.0 || 3.4
|-
| align="left" | 1982–83
| align="left" | Denver
| 42 || 5 || 16.5 || .473 || .000 || .805 || 1.4 || 2.7 || 0.5 || 0.1 || 6.3
|-
| align="left" | 1983–84
| align="left" | Denver
| 78 || 5 || 21.6 || .431 || .360 || .847 || 1.8 || 3.7 || 0.8 || 0.1 || 8.1
|-
| align="left" | 1984–85
| align="left" | Denver
| 81 || 0 || 17.7 || .489 || .363 || .863 || 1.5 || 2.9 || 0.8 || 0.1 || 10.1
|-
| align="left" | 1985–86
| align="left" | Denver
| 81 || 1 || 17.1 || .425 || .222 || .846 || 1.2 || 2.2 || 0.8 || 0.0 || 9.5
|-
| align="left" | 1986–87
| align="left" | Denver
| 81 || 4 || 19.3 || .458 || .314 || .780 || 1.6 || 2.3 || 1.0 || 0.1 || 10.1
|-
| align="left" | 1987–88
| align="left" | Denver
| 56 || 0 || 11.7 || .453 || .396 || .811 || 0.9 || 1.4 || 0.6 || 0.1 || 6.1
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 591 || 15 || 16.7 || .452 || .307 || .807 || 1.4 || 2.6 || 0.7 || 0.1 || 7.7
|}
Playoffs
|-
| align="left" | 1979–80
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 2 || - || 6.0 || .375 || .500 || .750 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 5.5
|-
| align="left" | 1980–81
| align="left" | Milwaukee
| 4 || - || 9.5 || .529 || .000 || .875 || 0.3 || 1.5 || 0.0 || 0.3 || 6.3
|-
| align="left" | 1982–83
| align="left" | Denver
| 8 || - || 22.9 || .486 || .300 || .647 || 2.4 || 4.8 || 0.6 || 0.0 || 10.8
|-
| align="left" | 1983–84
| align="left" | Denver
| 5 || - || 15.4 || .321 || .125 || 1.000 || 0.6 || 2.4 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 4.6
|-
| align="left" | 1984–85
| align="left" | Denver
| 15 || 0 || 18.7 || .434 || .333 || .824 || 2.1 || 3.1 || 0.9 || 0.2 || 10.3
|-
| align="left" | 1985–86
| align="left" | Denver
| 10 || 0 || 20.4 || .366 || .241 || .833 || 2.0 || 2.5 || 1.0 || 0.3 || 9.2
|-
| align="left" | 1986–87
| align="left" | Denver
| 3 || 0 || 19.0 || .368 || .286 || 1.000 || 2.3 || 2.7 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 6.0
|-
| align="left" | 1987–88
| align="left" | Denver
| 11 || 1 || 19.9 || .395 || .273 || .933 || 2.0 || 2.1 || 1.1 || 0.0 || 10.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 58 || 1 || 18.5 || .414 || .284 || .825 || 1.8 || 2.8 || 0.7 || 0.1 || 9.1
|}
Head coaching record
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Denver
| style="text-align:left;"|
|56||18||38|||| align="center"|6th in Midwest|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"|Career
|56||18||38|||| ||—||—||—||—||
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Mike Evans (as coach)
BasketballReference.com: Mike Evans (as player)
1955 births
Living people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball coaches
African-American basketball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American men's basketball players
Auxilium Pallacanestro Torino players
Basketball coaches from North Carolina
Basketball players from North Carolina
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Denver Nuggets assistant coaches
Denver Nuggets draft picks
Denver Nuggets head coaches
Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball players
Milwaukee Bucks players
Montana Golden Nuggets players
Sportspeople from Goldsboro, North Carolina
Point guards
San Antonio Spurs players
Toronto Raptors assistant coaches
Halifax Rainmen coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Evans%20%28basketball%29 |
Deltora Quest is the collective title for three distinct series of children's fantasy books, written by Australian author Emily Rodda. It follows the adventures of three companions as they journey across the fictitious land of Deltora, endeavouring to recover the seven gems stolen from the magical Belt of Deltora and defeat allies of the evil Shadow Lord. The series was first published in Australia in 2000 and has since been published in more than 30 countries. The series has sold over 18 million copies worldwide, including over 2 million in Australia. It is published by Scholastic in Australia and the United States. In most countries, the series is illustrated by Marc McBride.
The series consists of fifteen books: the first eight comprise the Deltora Quest series, the next three comprise the Deltora Shadowlands series (also known as Deltora Quest 2, Deltora II or Deltora 2) and the final four comprise the Dragons of Deltora series (also known as Deltora Quest 3, Deltora III or Deltora 3). There are also six other official bonus books to the series: The Deltora Book of Monsters, Tales of Deltora, The Authorised Ultimate Deltora Quiz Book, How to Draw Deltora Monsters, How to Draw Deltora Dragons and Other Creatures, and Secrets of Deltora. An anime adaptation of the series aired on Japanese television from 6 January 2007 to 29 March 2008. An anime adaptation also aired in Australia for a short time. A Nintendo DS game for Deltora Quest has also been made in Japan. In an interview as part of the 2011 Australian Council of the Arts Get Reading! Program Emily Rodda announced that she had sold the movie rights of the Deltora Quest series to a "prominent Hollywood production company."
In May 2015, a new series of books by Emily Rodda set in the world of Deltora was announced by Scholastic, Star of Deltora, and the first installment, Shadows of the Master, was released in August 2015.
Plot
Deltora Quest
The first series of Deltora Quest follows the journeys of Lief, the son of a humble blacksmith [in disguise], who, on his sixteenth birthday, sets out to fulfil his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora. Joining Lief is an ex-palace guard named Barda. Along the way they meet with Jasmine: a wild girl from the Forests of Silence, who has long, brown hair and green eyes. She can speak to trees and has two pets: a raven named Kree and a small, grey, furry creature called Filli. Their quest is to find the seven gems of the fabled Belt of Deltora: the topaz, the ruby, the opal, the lapis lazuli, the emerald, the amethyst, and the diamond. The gems each have a special power and are hidden in dangerous locations around Deltora. The three friends must face numerous perils to reach them. Once the Belt is complete and the proper descendant of the first King of Deltora, Adin, wears the belt, the evil tyranny of the Shadow Lord will be forced back to the Shadowlands. The books in this series are The Forests of Silence, The Lake of Tears, City of the Rats, The Shifting Sands, Dread Mountain, The Maze of the Beast, The Valley of the Lost, and Return to Del.
Deltora Quest 2
In Deltora Quest 2, Lief, Barda, and Jasmine go on a quest below the land of Deltora, and travel through strange societies underground. They were formed by the three tribes of the former inhabitants of the Shadowlands, which was long ago a beautiful land called Pirra, which the Shadow Lord repressed by preventing the magic of the Pirran Pipe from protecting the land. The three adventurers convince each tribe to lend them their pieces of the Pipe, before Lief, Barda and Jasmine travel into the Shadowlands itself to use the Pipe to hold off the Shadow Lord and his evil power long enough for the thousands of Deltoran slaves to escape. The books are Cavern of the Fear, The Isle of Illusion, and The Shadowlands.
Deltora Quest 3
In Deltora Quest 3 the three companions once again must save Deltora, this time from the Four Sisters, evil creations of the Shadow Lord. These four Sisters sing their songs of death across Deltora, poisoning the land and gradually causing Deltora's crops to wither, resulting in famine across the land. With only a part of a torn map left by Doran the Dragonlover, they set out to find these Sisters and destroy them. Each Sister must be destroyed with the aid of a dragon. When each Sister and the Sister's guardian are destroyed, another fragment of the map is found. Eventually they discover that the Sisters are hidden in the four most eastern, northern, western and southern corners of Deltora. The Sister of the East is hidden in Dragon's Nest. The Sister of the North is hidden at Shadowgate and the Sister of the West is on the Isle of the Dead. The Sister of the South is hidden in the city of Del, which happens to be the hometown of Lief. However, after Lief, Barda and Jasmine defeat the last Sister, Lief realises that in the exact middle of Deltora, a huge bubble made of poisonous grey liquid is rising from the land. Together with Barda and Jasmine and all the dragons, he must defeat it. The books are named after the Sisters' locations: Dragon's Nest, Shadowgate, Isle of the Dead, and The Sister of the South.
Supplementary works
In addition to the books which tell the story, the Deltora series includes a number of companion books (also authored by Emily Rodda):
Tales of Deltora: This book tells of how the land of Deltora came to be, including the origin of the seven gems and the Shadow Lord. It includes tales that make up some of the legends, evolution of secrets, and 20 new illustrations by Marc McBride. The book is "written" by Josef, who in the Deltora Quest 2 and Deltora Quest 3 series is the palace librarian of the city Del. The book was published by Scholastic Press in 2006. A new version was published in 2013 which included three extra stories of the isle of Dorne, bridging the gap between the Three Doors trilogy and the Deltora Quest series by expanding on the history of Dorne as well as the Shadow Lord.
Secrets of Deltora: This book was "written" by Doran the Dragonlover as a travel guide for Deltora.
The Deltora Book of Monsters: This book goes through all the monsters and other deadly things that exist in the world of Deltora, from the original Deltora Quest to Dragons of Deltora. The book includes the beasts throughout history and significant landmarks, such as Reeah from the City of the Rats. The book is also "written" by Josef, the palace librarian in King Lief and King Alton's time.
The Land of Dragons: Although it does not have the word "Deltora" in the title, this book is related to the Deltora Quest series. It contains tales of the isle of Dorne, bridging the gap between the Three Doors trilogy and Deltora Quest. The book was offered for free as part of the Australian Council of the Arts Get Reading! Program. The tales of Dorne were later included in a 2013 paperback re-release of Tales of Deltora.
Other books include How to Draw Deltora Monsters and The Ultimate Deltora Quiz Book. The former book, which details the drawing of Deltoran monsters, was primarily authored by illustrator Marc McBride.
At the Melbourne Writer's Festival, Rodda announced that the lands in Rowan of Rin are set in the same world as Deltora, to its east. In the back of the paperback version of the Star of Deltora books (starting with Shadows of the Master) there is also an author's note that states that Rowan of Rin, The Three Doors and Deltora Quest are set in the same world.
Main characters
Lief
Barda describes Lief as "a young hot-head" who spends his time roaming the streets and both tempting and dodging trouble. On his 16th birthday he leaves Del on a magical and dangerous quest to find the magical gems missing from the Belt of Deltora and the heir destined to wear it. Lief is tempted in many ways and by the end of the first series he has grown not only in bravery and strength, but also in wisdom and patience. Lief is very courageous and extremely trustworthy. A few times he considers giving up the quest, but the thought of his friends or allies suffering always helps him to continue. The second series sees the characters questioning their trust of one another as they plot to save the slaves in the Shadowlands. In the third series, Lief and friends once more quest around Deltora, awakening the ancient dragons which help him destroy the Sisters of the North, South, East, and West. In the eighth book, it is told that Lief's hair is dark. It is implied in Isle of the Dead that he is at least eighteen. During the second series, Lief and Jasmine's romantic feelings for each other become more pronounced, and at the end of the third series they get married and have three children, a daughter named Anna (after Jasmine's mother) and twin sons called Jarred (after Jasmine's father) and Endon (after Lief's father).
Barda
At the beginning of the series Barda appears to be a poor beggar living on the streets of Del. He escaped the palace the day the Shadow Lord attacked and his mother, Mrs Minns, died, becoming a beggar because he knew he would be the next target the enemy would try to kill. He is revealed to be an ex-palace guard who assumes the role of protector to Lief, much to both his and Lief's dismay. He is a skilled swordsman and often makes grim jokes about being stuck with two young hot-heads (Lief and Jasmine). During the series, Barda competes in a contest in which he describes his special skill as strength. He helps Lief and Jasmine along the quest and is always stronghearted, never gives up hope and is rather a gentle giant. At the end of the third series Barda finds love and happiness with Lindal of Broome, whom he marries and together they have six children.
Jasmine
Jasmine is 16, approximately the same age as Lief. She is described as having black/brown hair which frames her brown, elfish face and emerald green eyes. When she was first introduced she wore the tattered remains of the uniforms of Grey Guards. She is often described as impatient and lonely, but with a good heart. In the beginning of the series, Jasmine is a wild orphan girl who lives a solitary life in the dangerous Forests of Silence with her pets: Kree, a raven, and Filli, a small, grey, furry creature. She meets Lief and Barda when the pair get trapped in the forests by the Wenn. Jasmine understands the language of trees and many other animals. She is independent, like Lief, though she displays far less tact. She is also unafraid of standing up for what she believes in; if she feels something is unjust or incorrect she explains her view without any fear of the consequences. She believes in equal rights and fairness. However, she cannot understand people who will not fight for themselves. As a result of her forest upbringing Jasmine knows how to defend herself, is more agile than most people and can balance on things very easily. She is also used to getting her own way, which sometimes causes conflict with her companions. In the beginning of the series she had no understanding of money. In The Forests of Silence, when Jasmine touches the topaz (which has power to contact to the spirit world), she sees her mother there, who tells Jasmine to join the quest with Lief and Barda to save Deltora. She shows romantic interest in Lief, even though they do not always see eye to eye. She has a very short temper, resulting in many people describing her as "wild".
Concepts
A recurring political idea expressed in the series is that a leader who does not understand ordinary people is doomed to failure. Another political concept focuses on the disastrous results of leaders who ignore history. The first and second series explore the idea of "united we stand, divided we fall". Stories also occasionally explore the concept of gambling, and its relationship with trickery. A heavy emphasis on the importance of the natural world is also present, particularly in the third series. The final books explore the nature of despair.
Awards
Accolades awarded to Deltora Quest:
YABBA - Older Readers Award (2001)
WAYRBA - Younger Readers Award (2002)
KOALA - Younger Readers Award (2002)
Aurealis Awards: Peter McNamara Convenors' Award – Deltora Quest series (2002)
YABBA - Younger Readers Award (2003)
COOL Awards - Fiction for Younger Readers awards (2003)
COOL Awards Fiction for Younger Readers Award for the Deltora Quest 3 series (2004)
KOALA - Younger Readers Award (2004)
Adaptations
Anime
Rodda has said there has been some interest in adapting the Deltora series into a film but she refused to let any adaptation change the story. There is also a Nintendo DS real-time RPG confirmed with all three characters. A 65-episode Deltora Quest anime series of the first eight books began its broadcast season in Japan on 6 January 2007. Rodda said she chose this option because she and her children "love Japanese anime and want any adaptation of Deltora to be cool". The series was produced at Oriental Light and Magic and directed by Mitsuru Hongo. At least one noticeable alteration has been made in the studio's adaptation: Lief's hair colour has been changed from black to blond. Rodda has not ruled out a live action version of the story (either film or television) being made at some point in the future, but she intends to wait until she gets an offer that "is genuinely admiring of the books as they are". There is also a manga adaptation by Makoto Niwano, serialised in Bom Bom Comics and published by Kodansha.
Proposed film version
In 2011 Rodda announced in an interview on Girl.com.au as part of the Australian Council of the Arts Get Reading! Program that she had sold the film rights to a "prominent Hollywood production company" and that she hopes it will be what her fans hope. The status of the project is currently unknown; however it is stated on her website that "There are no plans for a feature film at the moment."
References
External links
Official USA Deltora website
Official Australian Deltora website (Wayback Machine)
Official Emily Rodda website
Book series introduced in 2000
Scholastic franchises
Australian fantasy novel series
Books by Jennifer Rowe
Deltora
Fantasy books by series
Series of children's books
Works published under a pseudonym
Scholastic Corporation books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltora%20Quest%20%28book%20series%29 |
Václav Bělohradský (born January 17, 1944 Prague) is a Czech philosopher and sociologist.
Life and career
A graduate in philosophy and Czech from Charles University, Prague, from 1970 to 2010s he lived in Italy, where he was Professor of Political Sociology at the University of Trieste. He is said to be a successor of Jan Patočka. He is a representative of biocentrism, which he developed to refusing anthropocentric overestimation of symbol and culture. He also thinks we need to step back from "us" to be able to lay foundations of new and freer society. He co-participated with Chantal Mouffe and Slavoj Žižek at Monument to Transformation. He publishes his political commentaries and essays mainly in Czech daily Právo.
He lives in Prague, Czech Republic.
Works
Interpretazioni italiane di Wittgenstein, Milan, 1972.
Ragionamento, azione, società. Sociologia della conoscenza in Vilfredo Pareto, Milan, 1974.
Il mondo della vita: un problema politico, Milan, 1981.
Krize eschatologie neosobnosti, London, 1982, 1984.
Myslet zeleň světa. Rozhovor s K. Hvížďalou, 1985, 1991.
Kapitalismus a občanské ctnosti, 1992.
Mezi světy & mezisvěty, 1997.
Společnost nevolnosti, 2007.
Mezi světy & mezisvěty: Reloaded, 2013
External links
Watch film with Václav Bělohradský "Bye Bye Shanghai" at www.dafilms.com
Czech philosophers
Czech academics
Charles University alumni
1944 births
Living people
People from Prague
Academic staff of the University of Trieste | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav%20B%C4%9Blohradsk%C3%BD |
Pasir Ris Bus Interchange is a bus interchange located at Pasir Ris in the eastern part of Singapore. It is located off Pasir Ris Drive 3, adjacent to Pasir Ris MRT station and near White Sands Shopping Centre. This bus interchange also serves as a pick-up/drop-off point for shuttle buses ferrying NSF men heading to the SAF Ferry Terminal for their shuttle ferry to Pulau Tekong.
History
The interchange was built at a cost of S$2.7 million and opened on 10 December 1989, along with the Eunos Bus Interchange. The interchange provides bus connections around the Pasir Ris estate. Bus Service 403 was the first bus route in Pasir Ris from 1979, which previously terminated at Tampines Road terminus before being amended to the current route of looping at Pasir Ris Road.
Bus Contracting Model
Under the new bus contracting model, all the bus routes operating in the interchange were split into 5 route packages - Bus Service 5 under Bukit Merah, Bus Service 58 under Serangoon-Eunos, Bus Service 46 under Bedok, Bus Services 21 and 88 under Bishan-Toa Payoh and the rest under the Loyang Bus Package operated by Go-Ahead Singapore. Services under the Loyang Bus Package started operations on 18 September 2016.
List of routes
Redevelopment
Redevelopment of Pasir Ris Bus Interchange has started since 2019. The bus interchange underwent a reconfiguration on 3 July 2021, after which the western half of the old bus interchange will be demolished to facilitate the construction of the Pasir Ris Integrated Transport Hub and Pasir Ris Rail Turnback, which will be completed by 2028, two years before the Cross Island MRT line starts operations. The reconfigured interchange began operations on 3 July 2021 with inclusive facilities built as part of the relocation. The facility will remain in operation until 2028.
References
External links
Interchanges and Terminals (SBS Transit)
Bus stations in Singapore
Pasir Ris | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir%20Ris%20Bus%20Interchange |
Ottersbo is a village in the municipality of Ørland in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Stjørnfjorden, about east of the Austrått manor near the border with Bjugn municipality.
Ottersbo was built during the years 1977–1980. It is a peaceful quiet area with approximately 100 houses only about east of the municipal center of Brekstad. The village has a population (2018) of 392 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Ørland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottersbo |
Uthaug is a village in the municipality of Ørland in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the south shore of the Bjugnfjorden about west of the village of Opphaug, about north of the town of Brekstad, and about east of the Kjeungskjær Lighthouse. Ørland Airport lies just south of the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 394 and a population density of .
Uthaug is home to fish processing and concrete manufacturing industries. It also has a good harbor with a breakwater. The Uthaugsgården museum is an old preserved trading post that is located in the village.
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Ørland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthaug |
Opphaug is a village in the municipality of Ørland in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located on the Ørlandet peninsula about east of the village of Uthaug, northwest of the villages of Ottersbo and Austrått, and northeast of the town of Brekstad.
The village has a population (2018) of 408 and a population density of . Opphaug has small-scale industry and a grain mill.
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Ørland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opphaug |
A Réseau plate is a transparent sheet of glass or plastic engraved with a grid of crosshatches called fiducial markers. It was commonly used in film cameras (before the advent of digital cameras) for scientific and technical photography. The plate is placed at the focal plane of the camera just in front of the film. When the frame is exposed the fiducial markers scatter incoming light, creating a permanent shadow on the negative.
The fiducial markers on a Réseau plate are sometimes called reticles. The Latin root of fiducial means trust, confidence; fiducial markers are trustworthy reference points. The Latin root of reticle means small meshwork bag, small net; a grid of reticles has a net-like appearance.
Purpose and function
If the film negative is properly printed the fiducial markers will be evenly spaced on the positive image. Uneven spacing reveals that the image has been distorted. Identical spacing on adjacent images (e.g. from a series of aerial photos) ensures that printing magnification is consistent. Irregularities in the grid can also result from incorrect positioning of the film in the camera, physical distortion of the film media in the development process, and (if digitally scanned) the nonlinearity of the image scanner. These errors may be visually imperceptible but limit the precision of measurements. Because the position of the marks is very precisely known, the image can easily be corrected to account for these effects. When used for photogrammetry, multiple images can be combined using the fiducial marks and knowledge of the camera geometry to enable measurement of distances between objects in the images.
Fiducial markers are generally unnecessary for digital cameras because the physical pixel structure of the sensor itself inherently provides a source of geometric reference.
Use on lunar cameras
The Hasselblad lunar surface data camera used on the Apollo Moon missions was fitted with a Réseau plate made of glass and fitted to the back of the camera body, extremely close to the film plane. The plate was 5.4 × 5.4 cm in the film plane, which was the useful exposure area on the 70 mm film.
The Réseau plate was engraved with a 5 × 5 grid of crosses. The intersections of the crosses were 10 mm apart and accurately calibrated to a tolerance of 0.002 mm. Except for the double-sized central cross, each of the four arms on a cross was 1 mm long and 0.02 mm wide. The crosses (also known as fiducials) were recorded on every exposed frame and provided a means of determining angular distances between objects in the field-of-view.
When the Hasselblad lunar surface data camera was fitted with a 60 mm lens, the images of the Réseau crosses on the film have an apparent separation of 10.3 degrees. With a 500 mm lens fitted, the apparent separation is 1.24 degrees.
References
Photography equipment
Photogrammetry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau%20plate |
Selbekken is a village in the municipality of Orkland in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located directly south of the village of Lensvik along the Trondheimsfjorden and the Norwegian County Road 710. The village has a population (2018) of 390 and a population density of .
The village was the administrative centre of the old Agdenes municipality until 2020 when it merged into Orkland Municipality.
The lake Øyangsvatnet lies about west of the village, the village of Ingdalen lies about to the south, and the village of Vassbygda lies about to the north.
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Orkland
Trondheimsfjord | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selbekken |
Mansur Kamaletdinov (Russian Мансур Фатхинурович Камалетдинов) (7 January 1926 – 19 April 2012) was a Soviet-born ballet dancer, teacher, ballet master and choreographer of classical ballet and classical character dance.
Kamaletdinov was born in Zlatoust, Russia and spent his early childhood in a village near Ufa, Bashkiria, which by coincidence is the same village where the great dancer Rudolf Nureyev grew up.
He attended the Vaganova Academy in St. Petersburg where he studied with many illustrious teachers including Aleksandr Shiryaev, former assistant to Marius Petipa, who codified the art form known as character dance.
Kamaletdinov joined the Kirov Ballet upon graduation and performed with dancers such as Natalia Dudinskaya but was soon invited to join the Tbilisi Ballet and Opera Theater where he worked with the Georgian dance prodigy Vakhtang Chabukiani.
In 1951, Kamaletdinov was invited to join the Bolshoi Ballet as Principal Character Dancer and Teacher where he taught alongside outstanding teachers such as Elizaveta Gerdt. Apart from teaching and performing Classical Dance, Kamaletdinov was Chair of the Character Dance department. He was a choreographer of numerous ballets for the Bolshoi's Russian and International tours and was Ballet Master for many of the Bolshoi's performances. Kamaletdinov was Assistant to the Artistic Director of the Bolshoi Theater, Leonid Lavrovsky, and would substitute as Acting Artistic Director in Lavrovsky's absence. Kamaletdinov worked and toured with, among others, Galina Ulanova and with his close friend and colleague Maya Plisetskaya. He toured the world as one of the "Stars of the Bolshoi" and was a Guest Teacher at the Ballet Nacional de Cuba by invitation of Alicia Alonso. Many of his students became stars of major ballet companies throughout the world. One of Kamaletdinov's former students, Vladimir Vasiliev, became the Artistic Director of the Bolshoi Theater.
In 1976, Kamaletdinov emigrated from the Soviet Union, settling first in Italy and then moving to the United States where he taught and coached at many renowned ballet and opera companies and institutions including Boston Ballet, New York City Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, Juilliard School, Ballets de San Juan, Metropolitan Opera House, Indianapolis Ballet, Richmond Ballet, Hartford Ballet, and many others.
Kamaletdinov died of natural causes on April 19, 2012 at his home in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania.
References
External links
Vaganova Master Classes and Summer School – Official website for Mansur Kamaletdinov
Ballet choreographers
Ballet masters
People from Zlatoust
Bashkir people
1926 births
2012 deaths
Soviet emigrants to Italy
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Soviet ballet dancers
Soviet choreographers
20th-century American ballet dancers
American choreographers
American people of Bashkir descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansur%20Kamaletdinov |
Bjugn is the administrative centre of the municipality of Ørland in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Bjugnfjorden. It is about north of the village of Høybakken, about east of the village of Nes, and about south of village of Oksvoll.
The village has a population (2018) of 1,263 and a population density of . There is a videregående school in Botngård. Fosenhallen is one of only four indoor speed skating ovals in Norway. Bjugn Church is located about west of the village, on the southern shore of the Bjugnfjorden.
Name
The settlement changed its name from Botngård to Bjugn at a meeting in March 2019 and this name change went into effect in September 2019. The former name, Botngård, was the name of a farm in the area, while the new name comes from the fjord and the municipality of Bjugn. On 1 January 2020, Bjugn municipality was to be merged with Ørland municipality and it was a local wish that the old municipal name should live on after the municipal merger, so the name was changed. After the merger this village became the administrative centre of the newly enlarged municipality.
Media gallery
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Ørland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjugn%20%28village%29 |
Lysøysundet is a village in the municipality of Ørland in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located in the northern part of the municipality near the island of Lauvøya and the end of the Åfjorden. It is about northeast of the village of Jøssund. The village lies on the mainland and on the nearby island of Lysøya which is connected by a bridge.
The village has a population (2018) of 279 and a population density of . The village is divided into several areas: Lysøya, Rømmen, Hellesvika, Tiltrem, Olden, Teksdal, and Sundet. Lysøysundet has an elementary school, kindergarten, and a nursing home.
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Ørland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lys%C3%B8ysundet |
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