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The Minnesota Music Hall of Fame is located at First North Street and Broadway in New Ulm, Minnesota, United States, in the former public library. It has memorabilia of individual musicians and musical groups, as well as photographs of all who have been inducted. The museum is open during the summer months and by special request during the winter.
Exhibits honor Minnesota music legends like Bob Dylan, Judy Garland, Prince, Eddie Cochran, Bobby Vee, Ervin Wolfe, John Denver, Whoopee John Wilfahrt, Harold Loeffelmacher, Earl Schmidt, Wally Pikal and The Andrews Sisters. It also documents local ethnic music, like the popularity of polka music in rural Minnesota.
Each year, new inductees are added at a dinner ceremony in October.
See also
List of music museums
External links
Minnesota Music Hall of Fame website
Music
Halls of Fame
Museums in Brown County, Minnesota
Music halls of fame
Music museums in the United States
New Ulm, Minnesota
State halls of fame in the United States
American popular music
History museums in Minnesota
1962 establishments in Minnesota
Museums established in 1962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota%20Music%20Hall%20of%20Fame |
Jade tree may refer to:
the jade plant, Crassula ovata
the dwarf jade plant, Portulacaria afra
Jade Tree (record label) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade%20Tree |
Mate Boban (; 12 February 1940 – 7 July 1997) was a Bosnian Croat politician and one of the founders of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, an unrecognized entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was the 1st President of Herzeg-Bosnia from 1991 until 1994.
From 1992 to 1994, Boban was the President of the Croatian Democratic Union. He died in 1997.
Pre-war life
Boban was born on 12 February 1940 in a large family in Sovići in the Municipality of Grude in Herzegovina, to Stjepan and Iva Boban. He finished elementary school in Sovići and later he attended seminary in Zadar. After second grade he moved to a high school in Široki Brijeg, and eventually graduated in Vinkovci. In 1958, Boban joined the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. He attended the Faculty of Economics in Zagreb where he obtained an M.A. degree in Economics. After a shorter stay in Grude, he was employed in Imotski where he became the director of the Napredak trading company.
On charges of business fraud, Boban spent two and a half years in a remand prison in Split. He later called it a show trial and said that the reason for his imprisonment was Croatian nationalism. In the late 1980s he was the head of the Tobacco Factory Zagreb branch in Herzegovina. In 1990, he joined the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH) and was elected to the parliament in the 1990 general election. In March 1991, Boban became the vice president of the HDZ BiH. As vice president, Boban said in April 1991 that HDZ BiH and the Croat people as a whole advocate the view that Bosnia and Herzegovina is sovereign and indivisible.
President of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1994)
In March 1991, the Croatian War of Independence began. In October 1991, the Croat village of Ravno in Herzegovina was attacked and destroyed by Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) forces before turning south towards the besieged Dubrovnik. These were the first Croat casualties in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian president Alija Izetbegović did not react to the attack on Ravno and gave a televised proclamation of neutrality, stating that "this is not our war". The leadership of Bosnia and Herzegovina initially showed willingness to remain in a rump Yugoslavia, but later advocated for a unified Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Croat leadership started organizing a defense in areas with a Croat majority. On 12 November 1991, Boban chaired a meeting with local party leaders of the HDZ BiH, together with Dario Kordić. It was decided that Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina should institute a policy to bring about "our age-old dream, a common Croatian state" and should call for a proclamation of a Croatian banovina as the "initial phase leading towards the final solution of the Croatian question and the creation of sovereign Croatia within its ethnic and historical borders".
On 18 November 1991, Croat representatives established the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia in Mostar as a "political, cultural, economic and territorial whole". Boban was chosen as its president. The decision on its establishment stated that the Community will "respect the democratically elected government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina for as long as exists the state independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia". One of Boban's advisers stated that Herzeg-Bosnia was only a temporary measure and that the entire area will be an integral part of Bosnia and Herzegovina when the war ends. When asked why was Herzeg-Bosnia proclaimed, Boban answered:
HDZ BiH was not unanimous regarding the political organization of the country. Its president, Stjepan Kljuić, opposed the move by Boban. On 27 December 1991, the leadership of the HDZ of Croatia and of HDZ BiH held a meeting in Zagreb chaired by Croatian president Franjo Tuđman. They discussed Bosnia and Herzegovina's future, their differences in opinion on it, and the creation of a Croatian political strategy. At the beginning of the meeting, Boban said that, in the event of Bosnia and Herzegovina's disintegration, Herzeg-Bosnia should be proclaimed "an independent Croatian territory and merged with the Croatian state, but at a time and at a moment when the Croatian leadership … decides that this time and this moment are ripe." Kljuić, on the other hand, favoured a unified Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Bosniak line. He was criticized by Tuđman for acceding to Izetbegović's policies and Bosniak interests. Largely due to the support of the Croatian leadership, Boban's branch of the party prevailed. Kljuić resigned from his position as president of HDZ BiH in February 1992, at a meeting of the party in Široki Brijeg. He was replaced with Milenko Brkić.
Following the declaration of independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bosnian War began. A Croat–Bosniak alliance was formed in the beginning of the war, but over time there were notable breakdowns of it. On 8 April 1992, the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) was founded as the official military of Herzeg-Bosnia. Mate Boban said that it was formed because "thirteen Croatian villages in the municipality of Trebinje—including Ravno—were destroyed and the Bosnian government did nothing thereafter".
Boban met with Radovan Karadžić, president of Republika Srpska, on 6 May 1992 in Graz, Austria where they reached an agreement for a ceasefire. They discussed the details of the demarcation between a Croat and Serb territorial unit in Bosnia and Herzegovina and stressed the need for further negotiations together with the European Community. However, the conflict continued and on the following day the JNA and Bosnian Serb forces mounted an attack on Croat-held positions in Mostar.
Boban believed that "the Serbs are our brothers in Christ, but the Muslims are nothing to us, apart from the fact that for hundreds of years they raped our mothers and sisters." Boban's policies were opposed by the far-right Croatian Party of Rights (HSP). The president of HSP, Dobroslav Paraga, advocated a Greater Croatia with borders on the Drina River and said that any other policy "would be a disaster for both Croat and Muslim people".
In September 1992, Boban said that "We want an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, a joint state of three nations in which, like others, Croats will be sovereign". In October 1992, he emphasized that Bosnia and Herzegovina should consist of three constituent units that would be split into several regions. On 14 November, Boban became the president of HDZ BiH.
Throughout late 1992, tensions between Croats and Bosniaks increased and in early 1993 the Croat–Bosniak War fully escalated. Clashes spread in central Bosnia, particularly in the Lašva Valley. In late July 1993 the Owen-Stoltenberg Plan was proposed by United Nations mediators Thorvald Stoltenberg and David Owen that would organize Bosnia and Herzegovina into a union of three ethnic republics. On 28 August, in accordance with the Owen-Stoltenberg peace proposal, the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia was proclaimed in Grude as a "republic of the Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina". However, it was not recognised by the Bosnian government.
In February 1994, Boban resigned as president of Herzeg-Bosnia and was replaced by Krešimir Zubak. The Washington Agreement was signed in March that ended hostilities between Croats and Bosniaks. Under pressure from the international circles, Boban announced his withdrawal from politics. Dario Kordić replaced him as president of HDZ BiH.
In May 2013, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, in a first-instance verdict against Jadranko Prlić, found that Boban took part in the joint criminal enterprise against the non-Croat population of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Last years
After the Washington accords ended the existence of Herzeg-Bosnia, Boban went into retirement. On 4 July 1997 he suffered a stroke and died three days later at a hospital in Mostar.
Streets named for Mate Boban
Ulica Mate Bobana, Grude, 88340
Ulica Mate Bobana, Čapljina
Ulica Mate Bobana, Kupres (not completed yet)
Honours
Notes
References
External links
|-
1940 births
1997 deaths
People from Grude
Croat politicians from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian nationalists
Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina politicians
Politicians of the Croatian Republic of Herceg-Bosna
Politicians of the Bosnian War
Order of Ante Starčević recipients
Order of Nikola Šubić Zrinski recipients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mate%20Boban |
William Henry Duncan (27 January 1805 – 23 May 1863), also known as Doctor Duncan, was an English doctor who worked in Liverpool as its first Medical Officer of Health.
Early life and career
Duncan was born on Seel Street, Liverpool on 27 January 1805 to Scottish parents. He was the nephew of James Currie, an earlier influential Liverpool physician.
He was also the nephew of Henry Duncan of Ruthwell and received his early education in Scotland, under Henry Duncan's protection.
William Henry Duncan qualified as a medical doctor in Edinburgh in 1829, returning to Liverpool to work in general practice on Rodney Street, the heart of the medical quarter and as a physician at the Liverpool Royal Infirmary.
He became a lecturer in the theory of medical law and theory (Jurisprudence) at the Royal Institution and worked at three local dispensaries, which were set up to treat patients who could not afford to pay for medical bills.
During this time, he developed strong sympathies with the neglected downtrodden section of the community and he campaigned against terrible living conditions of his patients and to improve the sanitation of Liverpool.
Campaign work and acting on data
Duncan challenged the commonly held conception that it was the fault of the poor themselves that they became ill, he viewed social poverty as the cause, not individuals and looked to things like improving housing and sanitation to help the situation.
Housing in Liverpool was dark, poorly ventilated, damp and overcrowded, with no provision for human or other waste. Liverpool had not only the worst type of cellar dwelling, but also a larger proportion of its inhabitants living in cellars than any other town. The population living in court housing generally made use of privies and it was common practice to dispose of the contents by spreading them over the courts, so many of the cellar dwellers were frequently knee deep in sewage.
In 1822 a commission of sewers was established and over the next 20 years built 30 miles of sewers, but these were for surface water drainage only, houses did not connect to their drains.
In 1840 Dr Duncan was one of the numerous medical practitioners who submitted reports – including the Report on the Sanitary State of the Labouring Classes in Liverpool as evidence to Edwin Chadwick’s Poor Law Commission. His evidence is given in vol 2, 31st August 1840, where Duncan remarked, “There can be little doubt that the causes of the unusual prevalence of this disease in Liverpool are to be found principally in the condition of the dwellings of the labouring classes, who are almost exclusively its victims; but partly also in some circumstances connected with the habits of the poor.
With regard to their dwellings I would point out as the principal circumstances affecting the health of the poor:
Imperfect ventilation
Want of places of deposit for vegetable and animal refuse
Imperfect drainage and sewerage
Imperfect system of scavenging and cleansing
The circumstances derived from their habits most prejudicial to their health I conceive to be:
Their tendency to congregate in too large numbers under the same roof etc.
Want of cleanliness
Indisposition to be removed to the hospital when ill with fever". In 1843 Dr Duncan gave two lectures to the Literary and Philosophical Society – On The Physical Causes Of The High Rate of Mortality in Liverpool.
The lecture was also published as a pamphlet which had an immediate effect upon the Council, who realised that something had to be done.Council Minutes 2nd August 1843 ‘…they have been deeply impressed by the novel and appalling statements made in a pamphlet recently published by their respected and able Townsman Dr W H Duncan by which it appears that Liverpool so far away from one of the healthiest as they had thought is actually the most unhealthy town in England owing to the extreme density in which the lower classes of its population are crowded together in confined Courts and Cellars constructed without due regard to ventilation and drainage and without adequate arrangements for the removal of filth.’His lecture and pamphlet effectively inspired the Council to compile and pass the Liverpool Sanitary Act 1846, which in turn, acknowledged that a medical person was needed to tackle the many complex issues.
Duncan used statistics compiled by William Farr to demonstrate that the average age of death in the rural communities of Rutland and Wiltshire was 36.5 years, while in Liverpool it was 19.5 years.
In the absence of all but the most rudimentary vital statistics, Duncan collected data comparing sickness absence rates between the wealthy and the less wealthy neighbourhoods - an early example of inequalities in health research.
The Liverpool Sanitary Act 1846
The Liverpool Sanitary Act laid down minimum standards for the construction of dwellings and outlawed the practice of living in cellars, the act also acknowledged that a medical person was needed to tackle the many complex issues; it led directly to the appointment of Britain’s first Medical Officer of Health.
The Sanitary Act was promoted by the local authority, not central government; it led the way and influenced the drafting of the Public Health Act 1848.
This Act created a sanitary code and established that Public Health Service was an essential activity of local government.
Appointment as Medical Officer for Health
Duncan was appointed Medical Officer of Health on 1 January 1847 and he was the first person to hold the post in both the city and the country.
When appointed as Medical Officer of Health there was no precedent for the role and no resources for him to make use of. He had to organise a Public Health Department from scratch and lay down rules of administration and procedure, train staff and fit himself and activities into the framework of the Town Council organization.
Originally employed as Medical Officer of Health on a part time basis on a salary of £300 a year, in 1848 the post was made full time with a salary of £750. By comparison the town clerk was paid £2000 and the Inspector of Nuisances £170.
Liverpool's first public health team
Duncan formed Liverpool’s first Public Health Team, with Thomas Fresh whose job title was Inspector of Nuisances, a forerunner of the environmental health officer role, and James Newlands, Borough Engineer who instigated the first integrated sewerage system in the town and worked to improve the water supply.
They are a celebrated trio of pioneering officers appointed under a private act (the Liverpool Sanatory Act 1846) by the Borough's Health of the Town Committee and worked to identify insanitary dwellings and practices, with Duncan then able to take court action to have the dwellings cleansed and the practices stopped or moved.
Outbreaks and health inequalities
One of Duncan’s first challenges faced as Medical Officer for Health came with the influx of immigrants arriving in Liverpool due to the Great Famine of Ireland.
Beginning in 1845 the famine carried on throughout 1846 and 1847, with thousands arriving in Liverpool weakened by starvation and malnutrition. With a steady rise of ‘pauper immigration’ Liverpool saw previously vacated cellars once again used out of desperation - causing cholera and typhus to spread rapidly.
In 1847 when Liverpool had a population of 250,000, 5,845 people died of ‘Fever’ and 2,589 died of ‘Diarrhoea’ This was the highest mortality rate ever seen in Liverpool.
It was not possible to clinically distinguish between Typhus, Typhoid and other Fevers, and at this time they were frequently referred to as ‘Irish Famine Fever’.
Duncan did request an embargo on the landing of Irish immigrants in Liverpool, but this was not sanctioned by law. A modified system of quarantine was adopted in July 1847, but he recorded that the only practical effects of this were to transfer those actively suffering with fever to the Hospital ships on the Mersey.
Medical Officer for Health William Mowll Frazer writes in his History of English Public Health 1834-1939 that:“The Health Committee of 1847, faced with epidemics which they rightly thought arose out of the appalling conditions under which most of the population of the borough lived, strove with the help of their officers to improve the sanitary condition of Liverpool, and in their efforts to this end they achieved a large measure of success. More than that, they perfected an administrative machine that would be used, as the years went by, to effect further improvements…. Perhaps the most important of these steps – and there were many of them – were housing, education, personal hygiene, National Health Insurance, and a general improvement in the standard of living. By the end of the 19th century the sanitary work of the reformers had been largely completed and Liverpool and the majority of the larger towns had reached relatively satisfactory standards of communal cleanliness.”Duncan worked with the Health Committee, reporting to them, and they supported him as he worked with his team to improve the sanitation of Liverpool. He made use of the powers of the Sanitary Act to enforce necessary improvements in sanitation and dwellings, involving the magistrates to persuade owners to take corrective measures.
A team of twenty medical practitioners assisted Duncan in making daily house visits to cholera districts and directing the cleansing and whitewashing of over 3000 houses and this process was outlined by Duncan in his report to the Health Committee in 1851 and was applauded by a professor of hygiene a century later in unambiguous terms: ‘this statement of fundamental principles could hardly be bettered’
He continued to go into the homes of the sick and poor and requests a clerk to help him with office duties so he can concentrate on visiting the stricken area with Duncan stating “ I should visit every house in the worst-conditioned districts”.
By 1851 10,000 cellars had been cleared of their inhabitants.
Legacy in the city
Duncan made an enormous difference to the life expectancy of the most vulnerable in Liverpool by his meticulous work
Duncan lived a modest life and died while on holiday in Scotland, aged 57.
Duncan is buried in Westpark, Elgin.
A blue plaque on Seel Street is still in place honouring his contribution to the city and a pub in Liverpool called Doctor Duncan's is named in his honour.
One of the buildings of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Liverpool is named after William Henry Duncan, The William Henry Duncan Building, whose entrance is off West Derby Street. The building houses the Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, research groups from the Institute of Translational Medicine and the Liverpool Biobank. Part funded by the EDRF the building also houses the Liverpool BioInnovation Hub.
A pub, Dr Duncan's, and lecture are named for him.
References
Medical doctors from Liverpool
1805 births
1863 deaths
British public health doctors
19th-century English medical doctors
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Local government officers in England
English people of Scottish descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Henry%20Duncan |
Gacería is the name of a slang or argot employed by the (or makers of the , or threshing-board, as well as threshing-sledge) and the (or makers of : metathesis of Spanish word sieve) in the village of Cantalejo, in the Spanish province of Segovia. Gacería incorporated Galician, French, Basque and Arabic words into its vocabulary, a linguistic practice employed by other traveling professional groups of Castile. Users of Gacería also incorporated words from Caló (Spanish Romani), Germanic languages and Catalan.
These trade routes did not usually extend into the Basque Country or Valencia, but words from these foreign lexicons were incorporated for their foreignness.
Its vocabulary arose amongst those involved in the industry of manufacturing farm implements in the village (yokes, wagons, footstools; and the threshing-board, a wooden tool resembling a sledge, with his bottom-side holding many lithic flakes that cuts the pile of cereal crop, in order to separate the grain of the rest of the plant: threshing.) The argot was thus used by the itinerant salesmen of these products, in opposition to settled villagers. In the face of mechanized agriculture, Gacería has survived amongst those who still sell such ancient farm implements as collectors' items.
The mechanics of Gacería
The vocabulary comprises some 353 words, with pronunciation following the phonetic rules of the Spanish language. The small vocabulary served those who used it, as only a handful of words from the argot were required for specific occasions, without the need for long speeches or paragraphs. Tracing its evolution or performing any lexicographical work is difficult, as Gacería employed words that either changed in meaning or were replaced by new words over time. Most of these 353 known words are nouns; there are some 40 verbs. Some common adjectives include: ' ("good, pleasant, pretty"), ("bad," "stupid," "sick," "ugly" from Basque ), ("small," "scarce," "little"), ("old," "ancient"), ("annoyed," "crazy," "gravely ill"), and ("dirty").
Some words were formed through the process of metathesis. Thus, the Castilian "criba" is in Gacería (whence ), "cribo" becomes , etc. Other words were formed through aphesis (from "apanar" was derived ; from "otana," ). In Gacería, the nouns and are used as pronouns to indicate whatever person or thing that currently form the topic of conversation. In Castilian, carries the meaning of "daring" or "impudent" as an adjective, and "daredevil" or "smart aleck" as a noun.
Gesticulation also plays a large part in giving added meaning to words from Gacería, as one word could potentially have many meanings. "In Gacería eyes speak more than words," one scholar has written. "A simple gesture is enough to change the meaning of a word."
Some words from Gacería
References
See also
Barallete
Bron
Cant
fala dos arxinas
Culture of Spain
Cant languages
Province of Segovia
Cants with Basque influence
Spanish language
Occupational cryptolects
Threshing tools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gacer%C3%ADa |
Real Jaén Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1922 it plays in , holding home matches at Nuevo Estadio de La Victoria, with a capacity of 12,569 spectators. The club's biggest achievement has been playing 3 seasons in La Liga, the Spanish top tier, during the 1950s.
History
The club was founded in 1922 as Jaén Football Club and reconstituted in 1929 as Sociedad Olímpica Jiennense. They changed their name to Real Jaén Club de Fútbol in 1947. The team did not enroll in a national division until 1943 when it promoted to the Tercera Division. It immediately became a dominant team in the Spanish third division usually finishing in the top four.
After nine seasons in the Tercera Division, the "Lizards" were promoted to the Segunda Division in 1952. Their good form continued in the second division, as Real Jaén managed to win the 1952–53 Segunda Division group south, and managed to promote to La Liga for the first time ever. They won all of their home games that season including a 9–0 home win over fellow Andalusians Granada CF.
During Real Jaén's first ever season in the Spanish top tier (1953–54) the team finished 14th with 11 wins, 6 draws, and 13 defeats, meaning they obtained 28 points. This meant the team would be placed in the relegation group along with CA Osasuna and four teams from the Segunda Division. Jaén finished in last place with only one win and were relegated after just one season in the Spanish top flight.
Following their relegation from La Liga in 1954, key players departed from the team and Jaén finished in 7th place the following season. The next season was a lot better for Jaén. They managed to win the group South of Segunda Division, this time in the season 1955–56. This meant that La Liga again awaited the Real Jaén.
In their second top flight season, Jaén barely avoided relegation, finishing 14th, one point above relegated Deportivo de La Coruña. Jaén managed to stay in the Spanish elite. Their third top flight season was less successful and the team finished last with only 20 points collected. Real Jaén was relegated after two years in La Liga. The biggest highlight of the season was probably when Jaén managed a 1–0 home win over powerhouse FC Barcelona.
Following their second top flight relegation, Real Jaén never managed to compete for a return to the elite. Their best season was 1959–60, when the team managed a 3rd-place finish coming up two points behind the second placed Cordoba CF, which qualified the team for the promotion playoffs. Following the 1962–63 season, the "Lizards" were relegated to the Tercera Division. This was the first time the team played there since 1952.
For the following 12 seasons, Jaén only made one return to the Segunda, in 1967, but were immediately relegated. They managed to return to the second tier in 1976 and remained there for three seasons until 1979 when they were relegated to the newly created Segunda Division B, the new third tier in Spanish football. Jaén stayed in the third level until 1986, when the team was relegated to the Tercera Division, this time the fourth tier. They bounced between the Segunda B and the Tercera the following years.
In 1997, the team returned to the Segunda Division for the first time since 1979. The 1997–98 season was bad however, as they finished last and went back to the Segunda B. Real Jaén managed to return to the Segunda in 2000. They achieved a 10th-place finish in the 2000–01 season, but finished last the following season and were relegated again. The following 11 seasons were spent in the Segunda B, until 2013, when Jaén again returned to the Segunda. The "Lizards" finished second to last, in 21st place, meaning relegation followed again.
In 2017, Jaén finished 19th in the Segunda B, and were relegated to the Tercera Division for the first time since 1991.
Here, being in the 4th level of the Spanish football, the club finished 3rd in the 2017–18 season and remained in that category. On July 5, 2019, Real Jaén presented Alberto González as a new coach for the 2019–20 season.
Season to season
3 seasons in La Liga
16 seasons in Segunda División
31 seasons in Segunda División B
28 seasons in Tercera División
3 seasons in Tercera Federación/Tercera División RFEF
Honours
Segunda División
Winners (2): 1952–53, 1955–56
Segunda División B
Winners (2): 1995–96, 2012–13
Tercera División
Winners (6): 1951–52, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1975–76, 1987–88, 2018–19
Copa Federación
Winners (2): 1951–52, 2008–09
Current squad
Famous players
Note: this list includes players that have appeared in at least 100 league games and/or have reached international status.
Women's football
Real Jaén was represented in the 2009–10 Superliga Femenina by FCF Atlético Jiennense.
References
External links
Official website
Futbolme team profile
Unofficial website
La futbolteca team profile
Real Jaén
Football clubs in Andalusia
Association football clubs established in 1922
1922 establishments in Spain
J
Sport in Jaén, Spain
Segunda División clubs
La Liga clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Ja%C3%A9n |
Terrain contour matching, or TERCOM, is a navigation system used primarily by cruise missiles. It uses a contour map of the terrain that is compared with measurements made during flight by an on-board radar altimeter. A TERCOM system considerably increases the accuracy of a missile compared with inertial navigation systems (INS). The increased accuracy allows a TERCOM-equipped missile to fly closer to obstacles and at generally lower altitudes, making it harder to detect by ground radar.
Missiles that employ TERCOM navigation
The cruise missiles that employ a TERCOM system include:
Supersonic Low Altitude Missile project (early version of TERCOM was slated to be used in this never-built missile)
AGM-86B (United States)
AGM-129 ACM (United States)
BGM-109 Tomahawk (some versions, United States)
C-602 anti-ship & land attack cruise missile (China)
Kh-55 Granat NATO reporting name AS-15 Kent (Soviet Union)
Newer Russian cruise missiles, such as Kh-101 and Kh-555 are likely to have TERCOM navigation, but little information is available about these missiles
C-802 or YJ-82 NATO reporting name CSS-N-8 Saccade (China) – it is unclear if this missile employs TERCOM navigation
Hyunmoo III (South Korea)
DH-10 (China)
Babur (Pakistan) land attack cruise missile
Ra'ad (Pakistan) air-launched cruise missile
Naval Strike Missile (anti-ship and land attack missile, Norway)
SOM (missile) (air-launched cruise missile, Turkey)
HongNiao 1/2/3 cruise missiles
9K720 Iskander (short-range ballistic missile and cruise missile variants, Russia)
Storm Shadow cruise missile (UK/France)
See also
Missile guidance
TERPROM
References
External links
"Terrestrial Guidance Methods", Section 16.5.3 of Fundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems
More info at fas.org
Info at aeronautics.ru
Missile guidance
Aircraft instruments
Aerospace engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM |
Barry Evans is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Shaun Williamson (most commonly referred to as 'Barry from Eastenders'). He first appeared in episode 1072, originally shown in the United Kingdom on 27 December 1994, and made his last appearance in episode 2653, originally shown on 2 January 2004. The character is portrayed as a "buffoon". Williamson controversially left the serial after nine years in 2003 after executive producer Louise Berridge refused to allow him time off to star in a seasonal pantomime, and the character was killed off.
Storylines
Barry arrives in Albert Square in 1994 as an acquaintance of David Wicks (Michael French). He provides David and Cindy Beale (Michelle Collins), who are having an affair, somewhere to meet in secret. Barry later helps Cindy escape the UK when she is wanted by the police for the attempted murder of her husband, Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt).
Barry is the son of car dealer Roy Evans (Tony Caunter). He moves to Albert Square when Roy and Pat Butcher (Pam St. Clement) begin a relationship and move in together. Barry initially manages Roy's car business, Manor Wood, while Roy goes into partnership with Pat's son David by investing in his car lot in Walford. Problems arise in 1996 when Pat's former husband Frank Butcher (Mike Reid) returns and tries to reclaim Pat, his house and his business (the car lot) from Roy. Barry tries to frighten Frank away by hiring a man to torch the car lot. When the arsonist is caught by the police, Barry is implicated and imprisoned. Upon his release, Barry is entrusted by Roy to run the car lot on Albert Square while he enjoys retirement: the business is renamed Evans & Son. Barry is forever searching for the respect and pride of his father, but more often than not he succeeds in disappointing Roy. He risks the business and his family's savings by handing monetary assets over to conwoman Vanessa Carlton. Barry is fooled into believing Vanessa wants a relationship with him and, after persuading him to invest the money in a fabricated business venture in 1997, she disappears, leaving Barry to face up to a furious Roy. Barry's blunder forces Roy out of retirement and Barry is never able to regain Roy's full trust again.
Losing his job at the car lot, Barry is forced to seek employment elsewhere and he uses malicious means to replace Robbie Jackson (Dean Gaffney) as manager of the local film rental shop. It is around this time that Barry seeks the help of a dating agency to find a girlfriend. This leads to him meeting Natalie Price (Lucy Speed), who runs Romantic Relations. The two grow closer as Natalie sets him up on several disastrous dates. After much bumbling from Barry, he eventually realises that he has feelings for Natalie and a romance begins. Natalie moves in with Barry, Roy and Pat and they marry in a millennium double wedding with Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and Mel Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite). Barry and Natalie are happy for a while until Natalie discovers she is pregnant. Barry is overjoyed but Natalie is not and almost aborts the baby. However, Barry promises to help out with the baby duties so Natalie can keep working and in 2002 Jack (Samuel and Joseph Timson) is born.
Barry has a turbulent time when his half-brother Nathan Williams (Doug Allen) comes onto the scene. Born out of an affair between Barry's father and Nathan's mother Jane Williams (Ann Mitchell), Nathan resents Barry for his closeness to Roy. Barry struggles to learn that his father had been unfaithful to his deceased mother and relations at the Evanses are strained. Despite attempts by Barry and Roy to make Nathan feel part of the family, Nathan does his best to exclude and diminish Barry. Things climax when Barry discovers Nathan has kissed his wife and, realising Nathan's agenda, Roy disowns him.
When Natalie grows weary of marriage to Barry, she begins an affair with her former lover Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen). Natalie and Ricky plan to leave Walford with their sons but Barry catches them. Barry attempts to change her mind but Natalie is adamant their marriage is over. However, she opts to leave Walford alone, having discovered that her trust in Ricky is misplaced. In the aftermath, Roy discovers Pat has been aware of Ricky and Natalie's affair and has not told Barry. Roy is incensed and dies from a heart attack, brought on during the resulting blazing row. Devastated, Barry blames his father's death on Pat for cheating on Roy with Frank, which depressed and angered Roy. During an argument with Pat, she tells him Natalie never loved him and Barry trashes the house. As Barry is the sole beneficiary of his father's estate, he throws Pat out and leaves her with nothing.
Barry spends a long time feeling sorry for himself and becomes reclusive. His employee Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks), sensing an opportunity to make money, starts manipulating Barry. Helped by her secret boyfriend Paul Trueman (Gary Beadle), she concocts a plan to make Barry fall in love with her so she can get her hands on Barry's wealth. Feeling vulnerable since his split from Natalie, Barry falls for Janine and they get engaged. When a mix-up at Barry's doctor makes Barry believe that he only has a short time left to live, Janine believes she will inherit all his money and agrees to a rushed wedding in Scotland. They marry but Janine is mortified when Barry reveals he is not dying after all. Barry forces Janine to go for a walk on the Scottish Moors but, unable to stand being near Barry, Janine verbally abuses him. She confesses their relationship is a sham and that she has been having an affair with Paul. Barry still wants her and says that he will forgive her if she stays with him. He begs Janine not to leave him and goes to hug her but she pushes him away. Barry stumbles before falling over a cliff edge and hitting his head on rocks, dying shortly thereafter.
Just only days after his death, Barry's funeral held secretly by his wife who had Barry cremated. Janine returns to Walford with Barry's ashes alongside her. Janine inherits all of his estate while Barry's son, Jack, inherits nothing.
Creation and development
The character was originally intended to appear in four episodes, debuting in December 1994. According to Barry's actor Shaun Williamson, the character was originally conceived as a tall, blond haired man. Williamson was neither particularly tall nor blond, and after being called for an audition to read for the part, he thought about dropping out as he was not a physical match. However, the director stated that "nothing is laid in cement" with regard to the character, so Williamson went ahead with the audition. Williamson has said that Barry was meant to be a vehicle to bring his father Roy Evans (Tony Caunter) into the show, as Roy was being scripted as a new love interest for the regular character Pat Butcher (Pam St Clement); in Barry's first appearance he meets Pat to apologise for a dodgy car he had sold her, paving the way for Roy to be introduced to her. For the next year and a half, Barry made sporadic appearances, in Williamson's own words "popping in and out". When a storyline in 1996 saw Barry imprisoned for arson, Williamson has said that he was uncertain whether his character would appear again; however the character was brought back on a more permanent basis later in the year.
In 1999, executive-producer Matthew Robinson decided to introduce a new love-interest for Barry. He decided to bring back a former character, unrelated to Barry but who had connections with several other characters in the serial. The character was Natalie Price, played by Lucy Speed, who had appeared from 1994 to 1995. The biggest storyline involving Barry and Natalie in 1999 was their joint double wedding with the characters Ian Beale and Melanie Healy (Adam Woodyatt and Tamzin Outhwaite) - the lead up to which included a hen/stag night celebration episode, which was filmed on-location in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The episode evoked criticism by the Broadcasting Standards Commission for its inclusion of “almost relentless drunken and promiscuous behaviour, sexual innuendo and drug-taking, before the watershed”, which included Natalie having to acquire three love bites from strangers. The BBC defended the episode, claiming that its content would have “come as no surprise to viewers” and adding that the depiction of this behaviour conformed to an EastEnders tradition - that questionable conduct "only leads to further trouble…One character's quest for drugs led to embarrassment and nausea and a drinking binge led to the calling off of [Barry and Natalie’s] wedding while the prospects for another became bleaker."
Natalie and Barry's screen wedding was featured as part of the Millennium Eve episodes, which drew in 20.89 million viewers – the biggest soap audience since the character Tiffany Mitchell (Martine McCutcheon) was killed off in EastEnders precisely one year earlier (New Year's Eve 1998). An EastEnders spokeswoman commented: "This is a remarkable endorsement of the power of EastEnders that over 20 million viewers chose to see the Millennium celebrations in Albert Square." The episodes were also broadcast on screens in London's Trafalgar Square, a typical “haunt for New Year's Eve revelers”.
In 2001, a pregnancy was written into the Evanses' narrative. Natalie was shown to be distressed by the prospect of being a mother and planned to have an abortion. Viewers saw a “devastated Barry” react badly to the news in a special extended four-hander episode (written by Christopher Reason and directed by Clive Arnold) – the episode had a maternal theme with the action flitting between Barry and Natalie's saga and scenes between Steve Owen and his dying mother, which included revelations of child abuse and incest. An EastEnders spokesman said: "We are very proud of the programme. The storylines involving Steve and his mother and Barry and Natalie are the stuff of intense drama. All four actors give incredible performances." The following episode Barry was seen to chase Natalie to the abortion clinic, where he persuaded her to go through with the pregnancy. The scenes between Natalie and Barry have been described as some of “the most powerful moments in soap, with the couple battling to decide the fate of their unborn baby”.
Viewers saw Natalie and Barry's marriage sour towards the end of 2002 when, in the New Year's Eve episode, Natalie rekindles a secret affair with her former lover Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen), which continued into 2003. Speed commented “Natalie's always had strong feelings for Ricky. And now she's grown tired of being a mother to baby Jack and Barry." The storyline reached its climax in March 2003. On-screen Natalie's plan to abscond with Ricky were thwarted by Barry's discovery of the affair, leading to a public confrontation between the three protagonists. Shaun Williamson has commented “Barry is absolutely devastated as his whole life is ripped apart. He can’t believe Nat has betrayed him. He loves his life with Natalie and Jack, and would do anything to make it work as a family again. Losing Natalie is going to be really difficult for Barry, but I think the hardest thing will be losing his son.” The storyline signified the end of the characters’ three-year marriage.
Reception
In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The Daily Mirror placed Barry 38th on their ranked list of the Best EastEnders characters of all time, calling him a "Total Mug" who "was duped by a conwoman, dumped by wife Natalie and fell for gold digger Janine, who left him to die after he fell off a cliff in 2004."
In popular culture
In 2002 the character was featured in a spoof of the Michael Jackson hit video, Thriller, which was made as part of the annual fund-raising event, Children in Need. Shaun Williamson (as Barry) played the Michael Jackson role, while Lucy Speed (as Natalie) took on Ola Ray’s role as his date. The spoof saw Natalie transformed into a zombie, as Jackson was in the original video. Several cast members took part in the spoof where they recreated the dance routine made famous in the original video.
Following his stint on EastEnders, Shaun Williamson had a regular role as a comically unemployable version of himself in the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant comedy series Extras, in which his career has bogged down partially as a result of the incompetence of his agent Darren Lamb (played by Merchant). A frequent running gag is that even Lamb is unable to remember his client's real name, instead referring to him as "Barry off EastEnders.". The character of Barry Evans has also been spoofed in the cartoon sketch show 2DTV.
On 20 January 2017, EastEnders actor Jake Wood and Channel Four posted a satirical video showing "Barry" singing (Something Inside) So Strong at the inauguration of President Donald Trump on Twitter. The video actually shows Shaun Williamson performing at the 2014 World Indoor Bowls Championship in Great Yarmouth.
In March 2020, Jade Thirlwall, English singer and songwriter, and member of the British girl group Little Mix, appeared in a FaceTime interview on Capital FM's Breakfast Show, wearing a 'Barry' t-shirt.
British pro wrestler and Isle of Sheppey native Zack Sabre Jr. has used a submission move that he calls “Barry From Eastenders” as a finisher since his pro wrestling debut in 2004.
References
External links
British male characters in television
Television characters introduced in 1994
EastEnders characters
Fictional bartenders
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional murdered people
Fictional salespeople
Butcher family (EastEnders) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Evans%20%28EastEnders%29 |
Health ecology (also known as eco-health) is an emerging field that studies the impact of ecosystems on human health. It examines alterations in the biological, physical, social, and economic environments to understand how these changes affect mental and physical human health. Health ecology focuses on a transdisciplinary approach to understanding all the factors which influence an individual's physiological, social, and emotional well-being.
Eco-health studies often involve environmental pollution. Some examples include an increase in asthma rates due to air pollution, or PCB contamination of game fish in the Great Lakes of the United States. However, health ecology is not necessarily tied to environmental pollution. For example, research has shown that habitat fragmentation is the main factor that contributes to increased rates of Lyme disease in human populations.
History
Ecosystem approaches to public health emerged as a defined field of inquiry and application in the 1990s, primarily through global research supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in Ottawa, Canada (Lebel, 2003). However, this was a resurrection of an approach to health and ecology traced back to Hippocrates in Western societies. It can also be traced back to earlier eras in Eastern societies. The approach was also popular among scientists in the centuries. However, it fell out of common practice in the twentieth century, when technical professionalism and expertise were assumed sufficient to manage health and disease. In this relatively brief era, evaluating the adverse impacts of environmental change (both the natural and artificial environment) on human health was assigned to medicine and environmental health.
Integrated approaches to health and ecology re-emerged in the 20th century. These revolutionary movements were built on a foundation laid by earlier scholars, including Hippocrates, Rudolf Virchow, and Louis Pasteur. In the 20th century, Calvin Schwabe coined the term "one medicine," recognizing that human and veterinary medicine share similar biological principles, and are interrelated. This one medicine approach, which had fairly clinical and individualistic connotations, was rebranded to "One Health," to reflect its goals of global human and animal health. Other integrated health approaches include ecological resilience, ecological integrity, and healthy communities.
Eco-health approaches, as currently practiced, are participatory, systems-based approaches to understanding and promoting public health and well-being in the context of social and ecological interactions. These approaches are differentiated from previous public health approaches by a firm grounding in complexity theory and post-normal science (Waltner-Toews, 2004; Waltner-Toews et al., 2008).
After a decade of international conferences in North America and Australia under the more contentious umbrella of "ecosystem health," the first "ecosystem approach to human health" (eco-health) forum was held in Montreal in 2003, followed by conferences and forums in Wisconsin, U.S., and Mérida, Mexico, all with major support from the IDRC. Since then, the International Association for Ecology and Health, and the journal Eco Health, have established the field as a legitimate scholarly and development activity.
Definition
Eco-health studies differ from traditional, single-discipline studies, which focus on one aspect of a complex issue. A traditional epidemiological study may show increasing rates of malaria in a region, but not address the reasons for the increasing rate; an environmental health study may recommend the application of a pesticide in specific amounts in certain areas to reduce spread; an economic analysis may calculate the cost and effectiveness of such a program. Alternatively, an eco-health study combines multiple disciplines, and familiarizes the specialists with the affected community. Through pre-study meetings, the group shares their knowledge and develops common understanding. These pre-study meetings often lead to creative and novel approaches and can lead to a more "socially robust" solution. Eco-health practitioners term this synergy "transdisciplinary" and differentiate it from multidisciplinary studies. Eco-health studies also value the participation of all active groups, including stakeholders and decision-makers. They believe issues of equity (between gender, socioeconomic classes, age, and even species) are essential to completely understand and solve the problem. Jean Lebel (2003) coined transdisciplinary, participation, and equity as the three pillars of Eco Health (Lebel, 2003). The IDRC now defines six principles instead of three pillars: transdisciplinary, participation, gender and social equity, system-thinking, sustainability, and research-to-action (Charron, 2011).
Examples
A practical example of health ecology is the management of malaria in Mexico. A multidisciplinary approach ended the use of harmful DDT while reducing malaria cases. This study reveals the complex nature of these problems, and the extent to which a successful solution must cross research disciplines. The solution involved creative thinking on the part of many individuals and produced a win-win situation for researchers, businesses, and, most importantly, the community. Although many of the dramatic effects of ecosystem change, and much of the research, are focused on developing countries, the ecosystem of the artificial environment in urban areas of the developed world is also a significant determinant of human health. Obesity, diabetes, asthma, and heart disease are all directly tied to environmental factors. In addition, urban design and planning determine automobile use, available food choices, air pollution levels, and the safety and walkability of the neighborhoods in which people live.
References
Further reading
External links
Conservation Biology
Eco Health
Ecosystem Health (March 1995-December 2001)
Global Change & Human Health (March 2000-March 2002)
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Journal of Ecology of Health & Environment
International Association for Ecology and Health
Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE) The University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
Harvard Medical School Center for Health and the Global Environment, USA
Consortium for Conservation Medicine (CCM)
Consortium for Health and Ecology, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Ecosystem Health Program at the University of Western Ontario, Canada
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
Network for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health
Wilderness Medical Society Environmental Committee
The COHAB Initiative "Cooperation on Health and Biodiversity"
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment — A UN-led global project to assess the impacts of ecosystem change on human well-being; completed in 2005
Environmental health
Ecology
International sustainable development | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20ecology |
The ITV Telethons were three charity telethons organised and televised in the United Kingdom by the ITV network. They took place in 1988, 1990 and 1992. Each lasted for 27 hours (28 in 1992) and all were hosted by Michael Aspel. The final telethon in July 1992 raised £15,012,989.
Thames Telethon (1980 & 1985)
The ITV Telethon originated from the 10-hour Thames Telethon, which ran in the Thames/London ITV region only, on 2 October 1980, one month before the BBC's Children in Need appeal the same year. Thames broadcast another Telethon on 29–30 October 1985.
ITV Telethon (1988–1992)
The United States-style continuous broadcast raised £1.25 million, and was considered such a success that a 27-hour marathon was broadcast across the entire network over 29 and 30 May 1988 (a Sunday and Bank Holiday Monday), involving participation and input from all of the regional broadcasters around the country. It had the aim of raising money for disability charities across the United Kingdom. It became a theme to count down from 10 to present the start of the broadcast.
A further two ITV Telethons followed in 1990 (across Sunday 27 May and Monday 28 May) and 1992 (across Saturday 18 July and Sunday 19 July), raising £24,127,917 and £15,012,989 respectively. Michael Aspel was the frontman for all three. Telethon helped thousands of charities in the UK. Many local ITV companies like Tyne Tees Television and Television South West contributed from company profits. In the TVS region alone, TVS donated £1 million from its own charity, the TVS Trust in late May 1990.
Like the telethons in the US, the ITV Telethons also offered regional cut-ins by ITV companies all over the country, featuring personalities and local celebrities from that region such as Richard Whiteley for Yorkshire Television or Ruth Madoc for HTV Wales.
One regional cut-in for the 1992 Telethon took place in the grounds outside Granada TV, Quay Street studio, and a non-stop 27-hour live stage presentation 'The Blackpool Roadshow' was gifted and coordinated by brother and sister Shirley Pearson and Johnnie Doolan. Amongst the many stage appearances was reportedly the first ever live set from the later famous band Oasis with guest appearances from chart topping artists, and choreographed sets from Blackpool show - Mystique.
Bisto gravy powder drums and packets sponsored the event.
Protests and closure
The 1990 and 1992 ITV Telethons were subject to protests organised by Block Telethon, an informal protest group of disabled people that believed that the telethons reinforced negative stereotypes of disabled people. The 1990 protest was modestly attended, whereas the 1992 protest with over 1000 disabled people outside the LWT studios on the South Bank was credited with ending the Telethon series, and indirectly leading to developments such as Comic Relief. This protest group Block Telethon formally became the Disabled People's Direct Action Network in 1993, which campaigned with other organisations against discrimination and for civil rights, leading up to the Disability Discrimination Act 1995.
References
External links
.
1980 in British television
1985 in British television
1988 in British television
1990 in British television
1992 in British television
British telethons
ITV (TV network) original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV%20Telethon |
The Chartered College of Teaching is a learned society for the teaching profession in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1846, the college was incorporated by Queen Victoria into a royal charter as the College of Preceptors in 1849. A supplemental charter was granted in 1998 changing the name to the College of Teachers. A further supplemental charter granted in 2017 changed the society to its current name, and permitted the granting of Chartered Teacher status to members.
History
The college was founded in 1846 by a group of private schoolmasters from Brighton who were concerned about standards within their profession. A provisional committee was set up in early 1846 under the chairmanship of Henry Stein Turrell (1815–1863), principal of the Montpelier House School in Brighton. After meetings in London and Brighton a general meeting was held at the Freemason's Tavern in Great Queen Street, London, on 20 June 1846. Some 300 schoolmasters attended, some 60 members enrolled and founding resolutions were passed, including:
That in the opinion of this meeting, it is desirable for the protection of the interests of both the scholastic profession and the public, that some proof of qualification, both as to the amount of knowledge and the art of conveying it to others, should be required, from and after a certain time to be hereinafter specified, of all persons who may be desirous of entering the profession; and that the test, in the first instance, should be applied to Assistant Masters only.
That in the opinion of this meeting, the test of qualification should be referred to a legally authorised or corporate body, or college, consisting of persons engaged in tuition.
That for the purpose of effecting this object – viz., the formation of a corporate body – the members of the profession who enrol their names at this meeting, do resolve themselves, and are hereby resolved, into the College of Preceptors; and that those persons now enrolled, shall incur no liability beyond the amount of their respective annual subscriptions.
That a Council, consisting of the members of the Provisional Committee, with power to add to their number, be now appointed for the purpose of conducting the business of the institution, and that Mr Turrell be appointed President of the Council.
The college created a system for the formal examination and qualification of secondary school teachers. It was also one of the first bodies to examine and provide certificates for secondary school pupils of both sexes, from all over England and Wales, in a wide variety of subjects. In 1873 it became the first institution to appoint Professors of Education.
During the 1870s the college helped to establish education as a subject worthy of study at university level, resulting in the appointment of Joseph Payne as the first Professor of Education in 1873. The power to appoint Professors of Education is recognised in the college's current royal charter. Frances Buss (1827–1894) and Sir John Adams (1857–1934) were also connected to the college. During the 1950s the college pioneered management training schemes for teachers (at the time these were known as school administration courses).
On 21 February 1981 the college was granted armorial bearings.
Until 2016 the college awarded a range of professional qualifications for teachers aligned to university qualifications up to and including doctoral fellowships.
The college's patron was Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
Objects
Under the 1849 Charter the objects of the college were:
'promoting sound learning and of advancing the interests of education more especially among the middle Classes by affording facilities to the Teacher for the acquiring of a sound knowledge of his Profession and by providing for the Periodical Session of a competent Board of Examiners to ascertain and give Certificates of the acquirements and fitness for their office of persons engaged or desiring to be engaged in the Education of Youth particularly in the Private Schools of England and Wales'''
The current objects of the college, since 2017, are:'the promotion of sound learning and the improvement and recognition of the art, science and practice of teaching for the public benefitJournals
The Educational Times published 1847–1923
Education Today published quarterly until December 2016
Impact published termly from May 2017
Books
Membership designations
The Chartered College of Teaching has the following membership designations or post-nominals. These include:
MCCT - ECT Membership
MCCT - Full Membership
FCCT - Fellowship
Fellowship of the college, must be nominated by a peer, and is based on the following criteria:
Must hold high academic and educational oriented qualifications;
Must be senior teachers of at least ten years' standing;
Must have made a significant contribution to the teaching profession; and/or
Must serve in educational management at a senior level.Historic Affiliates'''
This is a closed category of membership, consisting of those members continuing in the grade of membership they previously held in the College of Teachers, whose membership of the College of Teachers dates from before 1 September 2015.
Associate Member of the College of Teachers (AMCollT)
Member of the College of Teachers (MCollT or MCollP)
Fellow of the College of Teachers (FCollT or FCollP)
Primary sources
The archives of the college are held in the archives of the Institute of Education, University of London and the full catalogue can be found online here.
Other sources
American Association for the Advancement of Science. 1887. The London College of Preceptors. Moses King, v.9:471.
Balfour, Graham. 1903. The Educational Systems of Great Britain and Ireland. Clarendon Press, 185.
Eve. H.W. 1899. Secondary Education and the Primary Examinations. British Medical Journal. Published by British Medical Association. vol.1:123.
Chapman, J. Vincent. 1985, Professional Roots: The College of Preceptors in British Society. Theydon Bois Epping.
College of Preceptors. 1847. The Mechanics' Magazine. Original from Oxford University, 443-46, 485–90.
College of Preceptors. 1908. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. Royal Society of Arts (Great Britain), published for the Society by George Bell, v.57 1908–09, 432.
College of Preceptors. 1895. Report of the Commissioners ... Great Britain Royal Commission on Secondary Education. Great Britain:H.M. Stationery Off., by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 58.
Montgomery, Robert John. 1967. College of Preceptors. Examinations: An Account of Their Evolution as Administrative Devices in England. University of Pittsburgh Press, 303.
Monroe, Paul. 1913. Preceptors, The College of. A Cyclopedia of Education. Gale Research Co., v.5:26.
The Teacher's Registration Bill. 1891. Hansard's Parliamentary Debates. Great Britain Parliament, Thomas Curson Hansard. v.350 1891 Feb–Mar, 1003.
Winnipeg Science Fiction Society, Royal Society of Arts (Great Britain). 1873. The College of Preceptors. Winnipeg, v. 21:893.
References
External links
The College of Preceptors collection at the Institute of Education archives
The Chartered College of Teaching
Education-related professional associations
Qualification awarding bodies in the United Kingdom
1846 establishments in the United Kingdom
Educational institutions established in 1846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered%20College%20of%20Teaching |
Mung bean nuclease (Nuclease MB) is a nuclease derived from sprouts of the mung bean (Vigna radiata) that removes nucleotides in a step-wise manner from single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNA) and is used in biotechnological applications to remove such ssDNA from a mixture also containing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This enzyme is useful for transcript mapping, removal of single-stranded regions in DNA hybrids or single-stranded overhangs produced by restriction enzymes, etc. It has an activity similar to Nuclease S1 (both are EC 3.1.30.1), but it has higher specificity for single-stranded molecules.
The enzyme degrades single-stranded DNA or RNA to nucleoside 5’-monophosphates, but does not digest double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or DNA / RNA hybrids. Mung Bean Nuclease catalyzes the specific degradation of single-stranded DNA or RNA, and produces mono and oligonucleotides carrying a 5′-P terminus. Mung bean nuclease has a stringent single-stranded specificity for DNA or RNA.
Mung bean nuclease has an estimated molecular weight of 39 kDa by SDS-PAGE. A glycoprotein, 29% of this mass is sugars. , the specific gene encoding for this protein is unknown, and all production relies on a purification process on bean sprouts from 1980. Some is known about its structure, with one exposed Cysteine residue and 3 pairs of disulfide bonds. Some is known about its amino acid composition.
Requirements
Mung bean nuclease requires Zn2+. The addition of EDTA or SDS causes irreversible inactivation. Mung bean nuclease is not active at pH below 4.6, nor at low salt concentration.
Description
Nuclease MB is a specific DNA and RNA exo-endonuclease which will degrade single-stranded extensions from the ends of DNA and RNA molecules, leaving blunt, ligatable ends. Its higher single-strand specificity makes it the enzyme of choice for most applications requiring a single-strand-specific nuclease.
Unlike S1 Nuclease, Mung Bean Nuclease will not cleave the intact strand of nicked duplex DNA.
Its ability to recognise double-stranded nucleic acids depends on the base sequence.
It tends to cleave at ApN and at T(U) pN. It completely degrades ApA, but does not degrade G and C. Unlike S1 Nuclease, it does not cleave the strand opposite to that which has been nicked.
Mung Bean Nuclease catalyzes the specific degradation of single-stranded DNA or RNA, and produces mono- and oligonucleotides carrying a 5′-P terminus.
More than 1000- fold amount of enzyme can degrade oligomer into all mononucleotides.
An excess of the enzyme is required to degrade double-stranded DNA or RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids, and in this case, AT-rich regions are selectively degraded.
This enzyme work well at A↓pN, T ↓pN sites, and especially A↓pN sites are 100% degraded.
However, it is difficult to degrade C↓pC, C↓pG site.
Mung bean exonuclease is a nuclease derived from mung beans that removes nucleotides in a step-wise manner from single stranded DNA molecules and is used to remove such ssDNA from a mixture also containing double stranded DNA (dsDNA).
Unit Definition:
One unit of Mung Bean Nuclease converts 1 µg of heat-denatured calf thymus DNA into an acid-soluble form in 1 minute at 37 °C under standard assay conditions.
Applications in biotechnology and biochemical research
Removal of hairpin loops during cDNA synthesis.
High-resolution mapping of the termini and exon structures of RNA transcripts (commonly termed Berk-Sharp or S1 Mapping) using either internal-labelled or end-labelled probes.
Restriction-site modification or removal by digestion of single-stranded protruding ends.
Cleavage of single-basepair mismatches, as a replacement for CEL 1 Nuclease in TILLING.
Unidirectional deletion of large DNA (in combination with Exonuclease III) to generate ordered deletions for sequencing.
Removal of 3´ and 5´ extensions from DNA or RNA termini.
Transcriptional mapping.
Cleavage of hairpin loops.
Excision of gene coding sequences from genomic DNA.
References
Further reading
Kowalski et al's many-article series from the 1970s:
EC 3.1.30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mung%20bean%20nuclease |
"The Borderland" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It was the second episode to be produced, and first aired on 16 December 1963, during the first season.
The storyline involves a team of scientists who use an incredibly strong magnetic field to open a door to another dimension.
Opening narration
Plot
In an accident, Professor Ian Fraser encounters a magnetic field that reverses the form of living matter. When his hand is caught in the strong magnetic field, it is altered, becoming a mirror of itself. Realizing the importance of magnetic fields, Fraser theorizes that a much stronger magnetic field has the potential to open a door into another world.
Knowing the cost, Fraser approaches Dwight Hartley, a wealthy magnate grieving over the loss of his son. At a dinner party given by the millionaire, Fraser, his wife and colleague Eva, and another colleague watch as Mrs. Palmer, a medium, appears to contact Hartley's dead son. However, Fraser exposes her as a fraud. After Hartley angrily dismisses Palmer, Fraser reveals his discovery. Hartley appears skeptical, until Fraser shows that his left hand, the hand that had been caught in the electrical field, has now become a right hand. Hoping that Fraser's discovery might allow him to reach his dead son, Hartley agrees to support him.
With Hartley's support, the Frasers, and fellow scientist Lincoln Russel, set up power electrical equipment inside of a metropolitan power plant. While experimenting on inanimate objects and small animals, Fraser is approached by Benson Sawyer, Hartley's managing director. Sawyer, who has designs on Hartley's company, insists that Fraser's discoveries should go through him. Ultimately, Fraser enters the test box, and Eva engages the field. Now within a much more powerful magnetic field, Fraser finds himself approaching what may be a boundary between his universe, and another one.
Unknown to either of them, Mrs. Palmer and her assistant Edgar Price have appeared at the power plant, and watch as Fraser's experiments proceed. Angry at Fraser for revealing Mrs. Palmer as a fraud, Price seeks to sabotage the experiment. Palmer urges caution, warning that they could be meddling in something extremely important. Price isn't dissuaded, arguing that it is Fraser who is meddling. With Fraser within the magnetic field, Price shorts one of the plant's generators, electrocuting himself and Mrs. Palmer in the process. With the field losing power, the boundary begins to collapse. Fraser, now trapped in the field, can see his wife, but can't hear or reach her. Not knowing if he can be heard, Fraser shouts out his observations, that the world looks transparent, and that another landscape appears superimposed over it. Fraser has no way of knowing if he is looking at a different planet, or Earth in another time. Remembering Hartley, Fraser calls out to Dion, Hartley's dead son. Hartley, overcome by emotion, also calls out to Dion. Knowing that the world is fading out to him, Fraser reaches through the field with his hand. Eva, knowing she may lose her husband into the other dimension, grasps his hand, ultimately pulling her husband back to their world, while Hartley, desperate to reach his son, enters the magnetic field in turn and is apparently vaporized. Eva, having brought her husband back, holds him tight. As she inquires about Hartley, Ian simply replies that he left to "join his son."
Closing narration
Cast
Influence in other media
The developers of the Half-Life video game series, which deals with creatures from parallel dimensions breaking through to ours, have listed "The Borderland" among their primary influences for the plot of the game.
See also
Fourth dimension in literature
The Devil Commands
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1963 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Borderland |
Hekendorp is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Oudewater, and lies about 6 km east of Gouda.
Hekendorp was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1964, when it merged with Driebruggen. During this period, the area was part of the province South Holland. In 1857, the municipality of Oukoop was added to Hekendorp, even though the two former municipalities did not border each other.
The Goejanverwellesluis where the patriots stopped Wilhelmina van Pruisen is located in Hekendorp.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1307 as Hedickendorp, and means "settlement of Hedeke (person)". Hekendorp developed as a dike village near the sluice where the Dubbele Wiericke enters the Hollandse IJssel. In 1845, a little Dutch Reformed Church was built in the village. The Goejanverwellesluis dates from 1607, and is still operated manually. There is a justice statue near the sluice where criminals were publicly tortured. In 1840, Hekendorp was home to 408 people.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of South Holland
Oudewater | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hekendorp |
Bert Miller may refer to:
Bert H. Miller (1876–1949), American politician from Idaho
Bert Miller (footballer) (1880–1953), English footballer
Bert Miller (baseball) (1875–1937), Major League Baseball pitcher
Bert Miller, CPUSA party name during 1920s of Benjamin Mandel (1887–1973), director of research for HUAC
See also
Bertie Miller (born 1949), footballer
Albert Miller (disambiguation)
Hubert Miller (1918–2000), bobsledder
Robert Miller (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert%20Miller |
Club de Fútbol Extremadura was a Spanish football team based in Almendralejo, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. Founded in 1924, it played two seasons in La Liga, and held home games at Estadio Francisco de la Hera, with a capacity of 11,580 seats. The club folded in 2010 following several years of financial problems.
History
Extremadura was founded in 1924, and spent the first 30 years of its existence in the regional leagues, promoting to the second division after winning the regional championship in the third.
The club lasted seven seasons in the category, finishing in fifth position in the 1958–59 season. Subsequently, the following 29 years were spent in the third level – in 1977 it became the fourth, after the creation of Segunda División B – with the addition of three relegations to the regional championships.
In 1990, after finishing first, Extremadura promoted to division three. Four years later, after winning its group, it returned to the second after an absence of 34 years; during that period of time, football in the region of Extremadura experienced a rise, with CD Badajoz and CP Mérida also competing in that level in the mid-1990s.
Extremadura finished in fifth position in the 1995–96 campaign. However, Real Madrid Castilla was ineligible for the playoffs, and Extremadura took its place, achieving promotion to La Liga for the first time ever after disposing of Albacete Balompié 2–0 on aggregate – Iosu Ortoundo was the manager.
The first season in the top flight was difficult as expected: the team lost its first nine matches and only won one of the first 19, but eventually recovered, finishing only one point from the safety zone. In the following year, with a young Rafael Benítez in charge, immediate promotion back was easily attained, as runner-up.
In the 1998–99 season Extremadura finished in 17th position, and the second top flight campaign also ended in relegation, after losing in the playoffs against Rayo Vallecano. The club's financial situation was precarious, and it dropped another division in 2002; in the first season in level three, a fifth position meant a narrow miss in the subsequent promotion playoffs, and the following four years were also spent in the division, with the club never finishing higher than tenth.
After the regular season in 2006–07, Extremadura faced UD Pájara Playas de Jandía from the island of Fuerteventura in the relegation playoffs: after a 0–3 away loss, a 1–1 home draw returned the club to the fourth division, after 17 years. Shortly afterwards it emerged that the club could not settle its economic problems, with players being due several months in wages. After confirmation by the Royal Spanish Football Federation on 1 August 2008, the club was relegated a further category.
Extremadura's sporting and financial troubles continued in the following years, with the club never ranking higher than 16th. In August 2010 it folded, being dissolved by its major shareholder, the Almendralejo City Hall; that fate had already befallen Mérida, with Badajoz being saved in the last minute, replaced by another team in the city and being dropped to level four.
Season to season
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2 seasons in La Liga
13 seasons in Segunda División
9 seasons in Segunda División B
26 seasons in Tercera División
Stadium
CF Extremadura's first permanent ground was called Campo de Santa Aurora, which was located on Camino Alange. It was used from 1928 to 1935, when the club moved to nearby Campo Santa Elvira.
In 1950, the idea of building a municipal stadium was formed, and the club moved to a plot of land adjacent to the proposed stadium. For just over one season, it played at the site, called Los Cañizos. On 12 October 1951, Extremadura played Sevilla FC in the inaugural match at the new grounds, Estadio Francisco de la Hera. The stadium remained relatively unchanged until 1996, when it was demolished to make way for a revamped one, with and a seated capacity of 11,580.
Famous players
Note: this list includes players that have played at least 100 league games and/or have reached international status.
José Basualdo
Fernando D'Amico
Carlos Duré
Ronny Gaspercic
Renaldo
Raymond Kalla
Carlos Navarro Montoya
Ahmed Ouattara
Iván Zarandona
Virgilio Ferreira
Quique Estebaranz
Ito
Juanito
Kiko
Óscar Montiel
Pedro José
Pier
Poli
Antonio Esposito
Víctor López
Famous coaches
Rafael Benítez
Josu Ortuondo
References
External links
Official website
Unofficial website
Association football clubs established in 1924
Association football clubs disestablished in 2010
Defunct football clubs in Extremadura
1924 establishments in Spain
2010 disestablishments in Spain
Segunda División clubs
La Liga clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CF%20Extremadura |
John Nugent may refer to:
John Nugent (journalist) (1821–1880), journalist and agent of United States President James Buchanan
John F. Nugent (1868–1931), United States Senator from Idaho
John Cullen Nugent (1921–2014), Canadian sculptor
John Nugent Fitch (1840–1927), botanical illustrator
John Nugent (footballer), English-born footballer for Notts County
John Dillon Nugent (1869–1940), Irish nationalist politician
John Valentine Nugent (1796–1874), Irish-born educator, journalist and political figure in Newfoundland
John Nugent, 5th Earl of Westmeath (1671–1754), Irish nobleman and soldier
John P. Nugent, American labor organizer and politician from New York
J. C. Nugent (John Charles Nugent, 1868–1947), American actor, director, and screenwriter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Nugent |
Muhammad Rafiq, Brig., was the Commandant of Military College Jhelum (1952–53, 1955–59). In his times the name of the institution changed from King George Royal Indian Military School to Military College Jhelum. A biography of him, Kirdar Saz, was written by Saeed Rashid
Life
Education at Victoria High School Kuala Lumpur
Method officer Pakistan Military Academy
Commandant Military College Jhelum
Commanding Officer 19 Punjab Regiment and Operation in Bajaur Agency
1965 Pakistan-India War
Governor's Inspection Team and Mujibur Rahman's trial
Principal Lawrence College Ghora Gali
Last years
References
External links
Military College Jhelum stie
Laurance College history page
Pakistani educational theorists
Pakistani educators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Rafiq%20%28brigadier%29 |
Quadrifrons is a Latin word meaning four-fronted or four-faced, and may refer to:
In architecture, the Latin term for a tetrapylon
An aspect of the Roman god Janus
See also
Eremias quadrifrons, a species of lizard in genus Eremias | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrifrons |
Sway is a village and civil parish in Hampshire in the New Forest national park in England. The civil parish was formed in 1879, when lands were taken from the extensive parish of Boldre. The village has shops and pubs, and a railway station on the South West Main Line from Weymouth and Bournemouth to Southampton and London Waterloo. It is the site of Sway Tower, a concrete folly built in the 19th century.
Sway is on the southern edge of the woodland and heathland of the New Forest. Much of Marryat's novel The Children of the New Forest is set in the countryside surrounding Sway.
Overview
Sway has shops, two pubs, a church, a village hall and a number of restaurants and hotels. There is also a Church of England primary school. The village is home to football clubs, a tennis club, Sway Cricket Club, a fencing club, an archery club, a community choir, 'Sing Sway', and a gardening club. Sway railway station is on the South West Main Line from Weymouth and Bournemouth to Southampton and London Waterloo with train services operated by South Western Railway. From Brockenhurst, one can catch the "Lymington Flyer" services connect with the ferry to Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight. Sway is twinned with the village of Bretteville, France.
The northern part of the parish contains areas of woodland, heathland, acid grassland, scrub and valley bog, supporting a richness and diversity of wildlife.
History
Sway is a settlement of Anglo-Saxon origin, and its name, from the Old English name "Svieia", means "noisy stream" which is a probable reference to the Avon Water. Stone Age implements have been found here and Bronze Age barrows containing funerary urns.
Sway is listed four times in the Domesday Book of 1086. Two hides were held from Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury by Fulcoin and Nigel respectively. A certain Edmund at the same date was holding one hide in Sway which Algar had held from King Edward. Romsey Abbey also held one hide in Sway.
Some time before 1150 Hugh de Witteville gave "his whole land of Sway with its men and one mill" to Quarr Abbey, and about the same date Ralph Fulcher donated land at Sway to the same abbey. In the 13th century Christchurch Priory also gained land in Sway, which increased in the 14th century by the grant of land in Sway from John, vicar of Christchurch. Free warren in Sway was granted to the priory in 1384. Romsey Abbey also held land in Sway, afterwards known as the manor of Sway Romsey or South Sway. The Abbess of Romsey was holding land in Sway together with the Abbot of Quarr and the Prior of Christchurch in 1316.
In 1543, at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the lands possessed by Quarr and Christchurch were granted to Sir John Williams and others, by whom it was subsequently conveyed to John Mill, the purchaser and grantee of much monastic property in the neighbourhood. The combined lands became known as the manor of Sway Quarr. The manor of Sway Romsey (South Sway) remained separate but were also granted at the Dissolution to Sir John Williams and henceforth had the same owners as Sway Quarr. The estate then followed the descent of Battramsley manor until 1627, when it was sold by George Wroughton to John Button of Buckland Lymington, and in 1670 he or his son appeared before the justice seat held at Lyndhurst as the lord of the manor of Sway. Before the end of the 17th century, however, it had passed to Edmund Dummer of Swaythling. It then passed by inheritance into the Bond family who held the estate down to the 19th century.
One other Domesday Book manor within the parish of Sway is known as Arnewood, which before 1066 had been held by Siward from Earl Tostig. The estate seems to have belong to Christchurch Manor in the 13th and 14th centuries, although one small part of it was held differently and later became joined to the nearby manor of Ashley to become "Ashley Arnewood". In 1384 the Earl of Salisbury and lord of Christchurch sold the manor of Arnewood to Thomas Street. The manor passed through various hands in the following centuries, but by the 19th century it belonged, like the other manors of Sway, to the Bond family.
St Luke's Church was built in 1839. The ecclesiastical parish of Sway was created in 1841. The civil parish of Sway was formed in 1879, when were taken from the extensive parish of Boldre. The railway came to Sway in 1888, when Sway railway station was built.
In the village was Arnewood House (now destroyed by fire) which was the home of the Children of the New Forest in Captain Marryat's book. Marryat also used the surrounding countryside as the setting for the book.
In World War II, an Emergency Landing Ground for aircraft opened in August 1940, when farmland was levelled and cleared just south of the village. It was used by aircraft based at RAF Christchurch for overnight stays to protect them from German attack at Christchurch. The airstrip was also intended to be a decoy airfield intended to trick the Luftwaffe into bombing it, this happened on several occasions. In October 1941, the site was closed and returned to farmland.
Sway Tower
Sway is perhaps best known for Sway Tower, a folly which stands 66 metres (218 ft) tall at the southern entrance to the village. The building is Grade II listed since 1975 and also known as "Peterson's Folly" and "Peterson's Tower".
Built by Andrew Thomas Turton Peterson on his private estate from 1879–1885, both its design and the use of concrete as a building material were influenced by the follies Peterson had seen during his time in India. Peterson—a proponent of spiritualism in his later life—also claimed to be guided by the spirit of Sir Christopher Wren in the building of the tower. It is constructed entirely out of concrete made with Portland cement, with only the windows having iron supports. At the time, it was the first major building in Britain to be built entirely from concrete, and it remains the tallest non-reinforced concrete structure in the world.
It was originally designed as a mausoleum, with a perpetual light at the top. However, this was not allowed by Trinity House, as it was thought the light would confuse shipping. It also served to publicise the superiority of Portland cement, even then not fully accepted.
The tower is visible from much of the New Forest, and most of the western Solent. A smaller folly, built as a 'prototype', stands in a group of trees to the north of the taller tower. There are many small concrete features (mainly walls) to be found in Milford, Sway and Hordle.
References
External links
Sway Parish Council
Sway Village Portal
Sway Village Design Statement
Sway Tower, BBC Hampshire & Isle of Wight
New Forest
Villages in Hampshire
Towers in Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sway%2C%20Hampshire |
Tatra National Park (; abbr. TPN) is a national park located in the Tatra Mountains in Tatra County, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in central-southern Poland. The park is headquartered in the town of Zakopane.
The Tatra Mountains form a natural border between Poland to the north and Slovakia to the south, and the two countries have cooperated since the early 20th century on efforts to protect the area. Slovakia created an adjoining national park, and UNESCO later designated the area a transboundary biosphere reserve.
Park history
The first calls for protection of the Tatras came at the end of the 19th century. In 1925, the first efforts to create a national park, in cooperation with Czechoslovakia, took place. Formally the park was created in 1937, on an area that belonged to the state forests authority. In 1947, a separate administrative unit, Tatra Park, was created.
In 1954, by decision of the Polish Government, Tatra National Park was created. It was established originally with an area of , but it is currently slightly smaller, at . Of this, is forest and the remainder mainly meadows. Strictly protected zones account for , of which are forest ecosystems.
In 1992, the Polish and Slovakian national parks in the Tatras were jointly designated a transboundary biosphere reserve by UNESCO, under its Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Geography
Mountains
The National Park covers one of the two Alpine mountain ranges in Poland. The Polish Tatra range, which is a part of the Western Carpathian Mountains, is divided into two sections: the High Tatras (Tatry Wysokie) and the Western Tatras (Tatry Zachodnie). The landscape consists of sharp-edged peaks and hollows with numerous rock formations. The highest peak in Poland, Rysy ( AMSL), is located here.
Caves
There are around 650 caves in the park, of which the Wielka Sniezna cave system is the longest (), and the deepest (maximum depth ). Six caves of this system are open to public.
Water
There are several streams, the longest stream reaching . Waterfalls, such as Wodogrzmoty Mickiewicza are popular with tourists. The highest waterfall is Siklawa Falls at ).
The park has over 30 mountain lakes, called staw (Polish: pond). These water bodies are an important part of the High Tatra landscape. The largest lakes are: Morskie Oko with an area of 349,000 m2 and maximum depth of ); and Wielki Staw with an area of 344,000 m2 and maximum depth of ).
Biology and ecology
Flora
Up to there are mainly silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. Higher levels, up to , are covered with European spruce (Picea abies) forests, which turn into meadows and grasslands at higher elevations up to . The highest elevations, above , have alpine flora habitats.
Other typical species include Swiss pine (Pinus cembra), edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum), and stemless carline thistle (Carlina acaulis). Spring in the Kościeliska Valley is notable for the fields of giant crocus (Crocus vernus, syn: Crocus scepusiensis).
Fauna
The National Park contains several endemic fauna species, and many endangered and protected ones. Animals include: the Tatra chamois and Alpine marmot, both protected since the mid-19th century; brown bear, Eurasian lynx, gray wolf, European otter and the lesser spotted eagle.
Culture
The Górale
The Podhale region of the Tatras is home to the Górales or the Goral (highland) people. Distinctive elements of their culture include the Podhale dialect (language), music, and traditional artisan customs such as clothes, wooden vernacular architecture, cheesemaking, and craft works. The historic Górale culture was traditionally passed on in oral stories.
Environment
The area of the Tatra mountains was exploited by human activities in the past. During summer, domestic animals such as goat, sheep, and cows pastured on the meadows, which contributed to soil erosion. In the 18th and 19th centuries, several mines and ironworks were built here, industries that used substantial harvests of local timber.
Current environmental threats include: the proximity of the fast-developing town of Zakopane; and air pollution from the industrial zones in Kraków, Ostrava, and Orava. Fauna is threatened by poachers and habitat loss.
The high number of tourists is the largest threat to the park's ecosystem currently. Also, the infrastructure, such as hotels and car parks, is not sufficient for the current volume of visitors.
Tourism
Tourism was first developed in the Tatras in the late 19th century, and continues in the 21st. It is the most visited national park in Poland.
There are more than of hiking trails in Tatra National Park.
Gallery
See also
Tatra National Park, Slovakia — biosphere reserve partner.
Western Carpathians Ranges
List of national parks of Poland
References
External links
Official Tatra National Park website — (English)
National parks of Poland
Biosphere reserves of Poland
Parks in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Protected areas of the Western Carpathians
Protected areas established in 1954
Tatra County
High Tatras
Western Tatras
Tatra Mountains
1954 establishments in Poland
Ramsar sites in Poland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra%20National%20Park%2C%20Poland |
"Tourist Attraction" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 23 December 1963, during the first season.
Plot
Domineering millionaire John Dexter drives a group of explorers and scientists to pursue an ancient lake monster that is reputed to live in the waters of a South American dictatorship. Using underwater detection equipment aboard Dexter's yacht, the creature is spotted swimming along the lake bed. After several attempts, the creature is captured and taken to the local university for study.
The creature is immobilized and stored inside a freezer to aid in its preservation while out of water. Meanwhile, Dexter makes plans to transport it to the United States to place it on display. San Blas' absolute ruler, Juan Mercurio, has his own plans to use it to attract tourists to his country's faltering World's Fair, claiming the animal as a national treasure. During its captivity, the creature is revived due to an inept guard's negligence, and emits ultrasonic waves that cause the freezer door to implode. It is recaptured before it can fully escape its confines, and an armed guard from Mercurio's palace is ordered to stand watch. Dexter overpowers him, and arranges for the creature's transport on his private plane back to the States.
As Dexter and his assistants prepare the monster for its trip, they are shocked to see more of the creatures emerging from the lake. A marine biologist, previously employed by Dexter, urges them to turn the creature loose. Reluctantly, they comply, watching as it joins the others. Dexter, shooting at the creatures in an effort to stop them, is abruptly halted by a piercing, ultrasonic pulse. The creatures crawl back into the lake and disappear under the water. With the combined energy of their earth-shattering sound waves, the creatures topple the dam created by Mercurio during his reign of power, killing him, and flooding San Blas, destroying all that he had built.
Opening narration
"In Man's dark and troubled history, there are vestiges of strange gods. This stone statue was, once, such a god a thousand years gone by in the central mountains of Pan America. Today, new gods have emerged – the god of power, the god of money. The Republic of San Blas lies west of the Orinoco Basin, slightly north of the Equator. Its principle exports are coffee, copra, mahogany, maize and saffron. In a hundred odd years, the reigns of government have changed many times; in blood, and fire, and death. The last of these revolutionaries was led by Juan Mercurio – the most absolute and powerful ruler of them all. Only the Indians who live close to the old gods in the volcanic uplands are unimpressed. They have seen the coming of the Conquistadors, with the power of their guns and flashing flags...the Revolutionaries, with the power of their zeal and their willingness to die...the Americans, with the power of their money, and bulldozers; with their summer houseboats in the crater lake of Ari Pana; with their gadgets, and machines, and devices..."
Act I narration
"Moving through the deep, protected only by a tank of air and a hunting spear, the scientist/explorer descends beyond the San Blas shelf; but, all unknown to him, the observer is, himself, observed. Hidden in the sinuous rills of seaweed, sightless eyes, blind for centuries, stare out of the abyss. The legendary creature of the deep, sensing through neuro-receptors in its skin, becomes aware of the alien invader – Man..."
Act IV narration
"Stressed and strained by constant drilling of ultrasonic beams, the concrete face of the dam cracks and falls. Ten million tons of pressure build towards ultimate collapse..."
Closing narration
"The forces of nature will not submit to injustice. No man has the right, nor will the checks and balances of the universe permit him, to place his fellows under the harsh yoke of repression. Nor may he, again, place the forces of nature under the triple-yoke of vanity, greed and ambition. In the words of Shelley, 'Here lies your tyrant who would rule the world, immortal.'"
Background
Unlike the other episodes, this one has two additional narrations, one during Act I and another in Act IV.
This episode was originally scheduled to air on November 25, 1963, two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. As happened with almost all regularly scheduled US network programming in the days following the Kennedy assassination, this episode was postponed. However, rather than move it to the following week of December 2 (when new episodes of The Outer Limits resumed broadcasting), "Tourist Attraction" was bumped back several weeks, to December 23.
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1963 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourist%20Attraction%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Prafulla Chandra Chaki (, Prafulla Chaki alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.
Prafulla and Khudiram Bose tried to assassinate the district judge, Mr. Douglas Kingsford, by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel, but he was not in the carriage, and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death. Mahatma Gandhi denounced the violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods". However, Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his newspaper Kesari, defended the two young men and called for immediate swaraj. This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.
Early life
Prafulla Chandra Chaki was born in a well-to-do Jotedar family on 10 December 1888 in Bihar, a village in Bogra district of current day Bangladesh, then a part of Bengal Presidency. His father's name was Rajnarayan Chaki and mother's name was Swarnomoyee Devi. Rajnarayan's ancestor Prankrishna Chaki (his grandfather) was a resident of Chanchakia, Pabna, Their original surname was Bosu but people living in Chanchakia were also called Chaki. He was the fifth child in his family. Rajnarayan was an employee in the Nagar estate. He started his education at Namuja Janada Prasad English School, an English medium school in Bogra. After completing his primary education he came to Rangpur with his elder brother Pratap Chandra Chaki whose father-in-law was a reputed person in Rangpur. He was expelled from Rangpur Zilla School in Class 9 for taking part in a students' demonstration that violated East Bengal law. He then joined Rangpur National School where he came in contact with revolutionaries and became a believer and practitioner of revolutionary philosophies. He loved horse riding and swimming. As an athlete, he was a renowned wrestler, lathikhalowar (stick-fighter).
Revolutionary activities
Barin Ghosh brought Prafulla to Calcutta and he was enlisted in the Jugantar party. His first assignment was to kill Sir Joseph Bampfylde Fuller (1854-1935), the first Lieutenant Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. However, the plan did not materialize.
Next, Prafulla, along with Khudiram Bose was chosen for the assassination of Kingsford, the magistrate of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Kingsford, during his previous tenure as the Chief Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta, was unpopular for passing harsh and cruel sentences on young political workers of Bengal. He was also noted for inflicting corporal punishments on such workers. This led to the planning of his murder, and Chaki and Bose were selected and sent to Muzaffarpur to execute this task. Prafulla took the fake name Dinesh Chandra Ray in this operation.
The Muzaffarpur killing
Khudiram and Prafulla watched the usual movements of Kingsford and prepared a plan to kill him. On the evening of 30 April 1908, the duo was waiting in front of the gate of European Club for Kingsford's carriage to arrive. When a vehicle came out of the gate, a bomb was thrown into the carriage. There was a mistake towards identification by them, as the vehicle was carrying the daughter and the wife of a local congressman. Both were killed by the bomb, and the revolutionaries fled.
The manhunt and suicide
Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape. Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer travelling in the same compartment grew suspicious of Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama railway station platform. But Prafulla committed suicide by shooting himself using his own revolver. His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata to be identified by Khudiram who unfortunately got captured.
Khudiram was later arrested and hanged to death. Following this incident, inspector Nandalal was assassinated by two young revolutionaries, Srishh Pal and Ranen Ganguly. Their relatives live in Uttar and Dakhin Dinajpur, West Bengal. Pratap Chanda Chaki's great grandson Subrata Chaki lives in Kolkata.
References
External links
Muktadhara article
Anushilan Samiti
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal
1888 births
1908 deaths
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
Indian revolutionaries
Deaths in British India
Bengali Hindus
People from Bogra District
1908 suicides
Rangpur Zilla School alumni
Suicides by firearm in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prafulla%20Chaki |
"The Zanti Misfits" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It was first broadcast on December 30, 1963, during the first season. In 1997, the TV Guide ranked this episode number 98 on its "100 Greatest Episodes of All Time" list of all US television.
Introduction
An alien world demands that Earth provide a penal colony for its criminals. The criminals are grotesque, rat-sized, ant-like insectoids with almost human faces.
Opening narration
Plotline
Military forces have cordoned off a ghost town, aptly named Morgue, located in a remote section in the deserts of California while awaiting the arrival of a spacecraft from the planet Zanti. The perfectionist rulers of that planet, after making radio contact with our government, have decided that the Earth is the "perfect place" to exile their undesirables and criminals in exchange for sharing technological advances with Earth. They threaten total destruction if their penal ship is attacked, or if their privacy is not maintained. During the negotiations, Ben Garth, a bank robber on the run, along with his reluctant, morally deficient accomplice/girlfriend, Lisa, cross the cordon, and run down an armed sentry during the approach of the Zanti ship. After seeing the ship land, Ben climbs a small mesa to investigate the landing site. A Zanti regent emerges from an open hatch of the ship and kills Garth. The Zanti are revealed to be grotesque oversized ant-like beings with malicious human-like faces. The Zanti regent pursues Ben's now-terrified accomplice. Believing that their privacy was violated, the remaining Zanti prisoners commandeer the penal ship and land it atop the roof of the military command post. When the Zanti prisoners attack Earth's nervous soldiers, a brutal firefight ensues, and all of the aliens are massacred. The soldiers and airmen anxiously await the expected reprisal, but, instead, they receive a message of thanks from the Zanti leaders who explain that they were incapable of executing members of their own species so they sent them into the hands of a race who possessed no qualms about killing — the human race, referring to us as "practiced executioners".
Closing narration
Special effects
Jim Danforth provided the stop-motion effects of the Zantis for this episode.
During the Zantis' initial attack after landing on the roof of the command post, the creatures are seen descending an exterior wall; however, with the technology of the time, the stop-motion effect was not able to be used during this scene. Here, the Zantis are mere models being lowered on wires, their movements erratic, with their legs not moving.
Contemporary usage
"Zantis" and "Zanti Misfits" have been used to describe certain patterns of extremely high-frequency stock trading.
In popular culture
The 1986 horror film Critters featured an interstellar prison warden named Zanti, presumably an homage to this episode, in which the concept of an alien prison is pivotal.
In 1983 The Turtles released an EP titled The Rhythm Butchers Vs. The Zanti Misfits.
Frank Zappa has released a piece titled Zanti Serenade on the 1992 album Playground Psychotics.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1963 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Television episodes about alien visitations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Zanti%20Misfits |
Callinicus or Kallinikos () is a surname or male given name; the feminine form is Kalliniki, Callinice or Callinica (). It is of Greek origin, meaning "beautiful victor".
People named Callinicus
Seleucid rulers
Seleucus II Callinicus (r. 246–225 BC)
Antiochus VIII Grypus
Antiochus XII Dionysus
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
Kingdom of Commagene
King Mithridates I Callinicus, who married the daughter of Antiochus VIII Grypus
Callinicus (Prince of Commagene), a prince of Commagene who lived in the 1st century
Religious figures
Callinicus, the supposed father of the tannaic scholar Onkelos
Callinicus of Pelusium, a 4th-century bishop, imprisoned by Saint Athanasius of Alexandria
Martyrs of the Eastern Church:
(c. 2nd century), martyred together with Meletius Stratelates and many others
(d. 251), martyred together with Leukios and Saint Thyrsus
Saint Callinica (or Callinicus), beheaded in Rome in 252
(c. 4th century), martyred in Gangra (modern Çankırı)
Patriarch Callinicus I of Constantinople (r. 693–705), a saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Patriarch Callinicus II of Constantinople (r. 1688, 1689–1693, 1694–1702)
Patriarch Callinicus III of Constantinople (r. 1726), died before being enthroned and sometimes not counted among the patriarchs
Patriarch Callinicus IV of Constantinople (or III) (r. 1757), numbered III when the previous patriarch is not counted
Patriarch Callinicus V of Constantinople (or IV) (r. 1801–1806, 1808–1809)
Serbian Patriarch Kalinik I (r. 1691–1710)
Serbian Patriarch Kalinik II (r. 1765–1766)
Patriarch Callinicus of Alexandria (r. 1858–1861)
Other historical figures
Callinicus (Sophist) (c. 3rd century), Greek historian
, praepositus sacri cubiculi (chamberlain) and sole witness of the death of Byzantine emperor Justinian I in 565, who designated Justin II as successor
Callinicus (exarch), Exarch of Ravenna (r. 597–602 or 603)
Callinicus of Heliopolis (c. 7th century), Byzantine Lebanese chemist credited with inventing Greek fire
Modern individuals
Jannis Kallinikos (b. 1954), organization theorist at the London School of Economics
Alex Callinicos (b. 1950), political theorist at King's College London and Trotskyite leader
Places
Callinicum, a city founded by Seleucus II Callinicus, now modern Raqqa, Syria
Battle of Callinicum (531), victory of the Sassanid Persians over the Byzantines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinicus |
Kamerik is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Woerden and is situated about 3 km north of Woerden.
In 2010 the village of Kamerik (including Kanis) had 3808 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.43 km² and contained 877 residences. The statistical district "Kamerik and Kanis", which includes two villages and the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 3050. This does not include the separate villages of Kamerik-Mijzijde and Oud-Kamerik.
Until it was merged with Woerden in 1989 Kamerik was a separate municipality. Between 1818 and 1857 it was split into two municipalities: Kamerik-Mijzijde on the west side, and Kamerik-Houtdijken on the east.
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Woerden
1857 establishments in the Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerik |
"The Mice" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 6 January 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
Plot
A convict named Chino Rivera, sentenced to life imprisonment after being charged with first degree homicide when he killed his sister's abusive husband, volunteers to be a human guinea pig for a matter transportation experiment. In reality, the experiment is supposed to be an exchange of technology between Earth and an alien race called the Chromoites. When an inhabitant of Chromo, designated as their 'volunteer', materializes in the testing lab, it creates havoc until it is finally subdued, and then allowed to freely explore the countryside surrounding the research facility. As problems ensue and researchers die, the convict is blamed, only to find that the Chromoite, after murdering one of the scientists, has been sent to Earth to experiment with ways of producing food, artificially, for his starving race. The doctor assigned to monitor the convict, following his injury when he attempted to escape, discovers the alien apparently eating an unknown substance that it had chemically germinated in a pond near the research facility, after they had previously informed the Earth scientists that their species sustained themselves through photosynthesis. The lead researcher re-establishes communication with the Chromo scientists, after capturing the 'volunteer', to admonish their actions, with them admitting their deception, believing that we would not have aided in their plight, while explaining that their 'volunteer' is actually one of their renowned scientists who is invaluable to their cause in finding a means of feeding the millions of inhabitants on Chromo. At that point, the researcher calmly states, "You could have asked...all you had to do was to ask".
Closing narration
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Teleportation in fiction
Television episodes about alien visitations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mice%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Lage Vuursche () is a village in the municipality of Baarn in the Netherlands. It lies about west of Soest, surrounded by woods, in the province of Utrecht.
In 2001 the village of Lage Vuursche had 139 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.04 km², and contained 61 residences. The slightly larger statistical district of Lage Vuursche has about 210 inhabitants.
Until 1857 the village was a separate municipality, under the name De Vuursche, together with the small hamlet Hoge Vuursche. It then merged with the municipality of Baarn.
The castle Drakensteyn, since February 2014 residence again of Princess Beatrix, is situated just east of the village. Her son Prince Friso is buried in the graveyard beside the moated manor.
Apart from the royal family the most famous person from Lage Vuursche is athlete Fanny Blankers-Koen, four times gold medalist in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Lage Vuursche, directory website
Baarn
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Populated places in Utrecht (province) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lage%20Vuursche |
Langbroek is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Wijk bij Duurstede, and lies about 11 km southeast of Zeist. The village is the merger of Overlangbroek and Nederlangbroek
Until it merged with Wijk bij Duurstede in 1996, Langbroek was a separate municipality.
History
Langbroek was the result of a cultivation project of the swamp area. Two settlements appeared: Nederlangbroek and Overlangbroek. Overlangbroek was first mentioned in 1219 as Langebruke, and means "long stretched out swamp". Nederlangbroek was first mentioned in 1337 Nederlanghbroech and has neder (lower) to distinguish from over (upper). Overlangbroek was a little agricultural settlement near Castle Zuilenburg where a church was built around 1335. Around 1900, both villages merged into a single build-up area.
There were many castle-like towers in Langbroek. Weerdesteyn is a square tower which dates from around 1300. It was restored and enlarged in 1870 to 1871 and 1875 and 1876.
Hindersteyn started as a square tower in the 14th century. In the 17th century, two wings were added, and in 1876, the western wing was demolished and replaced by a neo-gothic building. During the 19th century, it was enlarged twice, but returned to the 1865 layout during the restorations in 1976 and 1989.
Lunenburg dated from the 13th century, and was transformed into a manor house at the end of the 18th century. In 1944, it was partially destroyed by bombs and demolished in 1968. Between 1968 and 1970, Lunenberg was restored to its medieval form.
In 1840, Langbroek was home to 1,096 people. In 1978, the postal authorities no longer differentiated between the two villages. It used to be an independent municipality until 1996 when it was merged Wijk bij Duurstede.
Gallery
References
External links
Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 1996
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Wijk bij Duurstede | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langbroek |
"Controlled Experiment" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 13 January 1964, during the first season. It is the only comedy episode of the series.
Introduction
A love triangle appears to end in murder, but a strange pair of men appear to have the ability to replay time itself.
Opening narration
Plot
Deimos and Phobos One are two Martians – whose names also happen to be those of Mars' moons– the latter being a researcher who wants to understand the concept of murder, as it is apparently exclusive to Earthlings (they are portrayed by actors Carroll O'Connor and Barry Morse, respectively, who play their characters as a sort of Holmes-and-Watson team). Upon his arrival on Earth, Phobos One contacts Deimos, whose 'cover' is working as a pawnbroker in a large American city. The duo, inconspicuously, investigates a shooting that is about to take place in a downtown hotel lobby that resulted from a love triangle, predicted and then reported by Martian Central Control. Using a machine that can manipulate the flow of time in a manner much the same as one might do with recorded video, they review this same event over and over again. They rewind time in order to watch the incident unfold at various speeds, forward and backward. Finally, they slow the passage of time down to such an extent that the participants seem to be standing still, the bullet suspended in flight, so that they can examine all of the nuances that, at "normal" speed, pass by too quickly for adequate, scientific observation. Phobos One is unable to simply remain a passive observer, and finally gives in to the temptation to tamper with the scenario and alter the outcome; he arranges the scenario so that the bullet is deflected at the last moment, preventing the murder from ever taking place. Phobos decides to remain on Earth indefinitely, finding that he enjoys life as a human being.
Closing narration
Production
The credits for writer, director and producer of this episode are omitted from the finished print. They would normally be seen during Act I, after the episode title and the credits for the featured actors are shown. This means that writer/director Leslie Stevens is uncredited as such, although he does receive a prominent credit as executive producer at the end of the show. Similarly, Joseph Stefano receives no personal producer credit, although the episode is identified as a "Villa di Stefano" production at the episode's conclusion.
Actor Barry Morse, who stars in this episode, states in his autobiography that this was a possible pilot for a forthcoming science-fiction comedy series, which after being rejected was broadcast as an Outer Limits episode. A contemporary press review of the episode bears at least part of this story out, identifying "Controlled Experiment" as a pilot for a half-hour comedy series.
The flying saucer in the opening scene was built by special effects technician Paul Blaisdell for the 1957 film Invasion of the Saucer Men.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Mars in television
Television episodes about alien visitations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled%20Experiment |
Single barrel whiskey (or single cask whiskey) is a premium class of whiskey in which each bottle comes from an individual aging barrel, instead of coming from blending together the contents of various barrels to provide uniformity of color and taste. By contrast, some other whiskeys, even ones that are not blends, may be combined from more than one batch, or even from differing years to achieve consistency. The whiskey from each barrel is bottled separately, with each bottle bearing the barrel number and in most cases the dates for the beginning and end of aging. Each barrel is believed to contribute unique characteristics to the finished whiskey.
There has been some recent controversy over whether single cask whiskeys are indeed all from single casks. Whiskeys sold by Scottish distilleries such as Ben Nevis and GlenDronach as "single casks" have been revealed to be vattings of multiple barrels, which may have been of different kinds, with the "single cask" designation referring only to the final cask for maturation. In the absence of specific regulation regarding this language, it is not clear to what extent this practice is prevalent in the industry as a whole.
Single barrels may further be at cask strength or non-chill-filtered to further avoid adulterating the taste of a cask.
Brands
The following is a list of some single barrel whiskeys:
Scotch
Balvenie (has released several single cask bottlings of single malt Scotch whisky)
Glenfarclas (The Family Casks series)
Many independent bottlers of single malt Scotch whisky produce single cask offerings
Berry Brothers & Rudd
Scotch Malt Whisky Society
North American
Buffalo Trace Distillery (a Sazerac Company distillery)
Blanton's (a single barrel Bourbon)
Eagle Rare (a Bourbon brand which has 10- and 17-year single barrel expressions)
Rock Hill Farms (a single barrel bourbon)
Heaven Hill
Elijah Craig (a bourbon brand which has multiple single barrel expressions)
Evan Williams (a single barrel vintage bourbon)
Henry McKenna (10-year bonded single barrel)
Jack Daniel's Distillery (a Brown-Forman Corporation distillery)
Jack Daniel's Single Barrel (a single barrel Tennessee whiskey)
Jack Daniel's Silver Select (available at duty-free shops)
Jim Beam (has released a single barrel bourbon)
Kentucky Bourbon Distillers (an independent bottling company)
Michter's (a brand which has single barrel bourbon and rye expressions)
Willett Pot Still Reserve (a single barrel bourbon)
Willett Family Estate (single barrel bourbon and rye)
Knob Creek Distillery (a Beam Inc. distillery)
Knob Creek Single Barrel Reserve (a bourbon aged 9 years)
Four Roses Distillery (offers single barrel bourbon)
See also
Bottled in bond
Single malt whisky
Small batch whiskey
Outline of whisky
References
External links
"Single Barrel and Small Batch Bourbon"
Bourbon whiskey
Whisky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20barrel%20whiskey |
A polytropic process is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation:
where p is the pressure, V is volume, n is the polytropic index, and C is a constant. The polytropic process equation describes expansion and compression processes which include heat transfer.
Particular cases
Some specific values of n correspond to particular cases:
for an isobaric process,
for an isochoric process.
In addition, when the ideal gas law applies:
for an isothermal process,
for an isentropic process.
Where is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure () to heat capacity at constant volume ().
Equivalence between the polytropic coefficient and the ratio of energy transfers
For an ideal gas in a closed system undergoing a slow process with negligible changes in kinetic and potential energy the process is polytropic, such that
where C is a constant, , , and with the polytropic coefficient .
Relationship to ideal processes
For certain values of the polytropic index, the process will be synonymous with other common processes. Some examples of the effects of varying index values are given in the following table.
When the index n is between any two of the former values (0, 1, γ, or ∞), it means that the polytropic curve will cut through (be bounded by) the curves of the two bounding indices.
For an ideal gas, 1 < γ < 5/3, since by Mayer's relation
Other
A solution to the Lane–Emden equation using a polytropic fluid is known as a polytrope.
See also
Adiabatic process
Compressor
Internal combustion engine
Isentropic process
Isobaric process
Isochoric process
Isothermal process
Polytrope
Quasistatic equilibrium
Thermodynamics
Vapor-compression refrigeration
References
Thermodynamic processes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytropic%20process |
"Don't Open Till Doomsday" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 20 January 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
"The greatness of evil lies in its awful accuracy. Without that deadly talent for being in the right place at the right time, evil must suffer defeat. For unlike its opposite, good, evil is allowed no human failings, no miscalculations. Evil must be perfect, or depend upon the imperfections of others."
Plot
In 1929, a pair of young newlyweds receives a mysterious box-like object wrapped as a wedding gift with a cryptic label reading "Don't Open Till Doomsday". Unbeknownst to his bride, the bridegroom is zapped by a beam of light emanating from this object when he removed it from the wrapping, and seemingly disappears out of existence. Thirty-five years later, in 1964, an eloping couple arrives at the house in the hopes of using it as a honeymoon spot, now a half-derelict mansion owned by Mrs. Kry, an eccentric old woman who turns out to be the aforesaid bride, driven to insanity after her husband disappeared. After the younger bride herself disappears inside the box, it is revealed that Mrs. Kry has been luring young couples to her house, in the hope of "trading" them for her lost bridegroom, with an alien intelligence residing inside the box. Later, the young bride's father arrives on location to take his wayward daughter back with him, and is also abducted by the alien, finding himself inside the box—actually, a pocket dimension occupied by an amorphous, one-eyed creature from an anti-matter universe, who is bent on destroying our universe. The father, his daughter and Mrs. Kry's lost bridegroom are there, as well. The creature, having become lost during his journey between dimensions, addresses them, assuring them they'll be freed on the condition that they help him to achieve his goal—reuniting him with his eight other companions, all of whom were inhabitants of their universe, each carrying an essential element which, when joined together, would result in the annihilation of our universe. Facing refusal, and being further hindered by an angered Mrs. Kry, along with the father's false promise to aid in the search if freed from captivity, the enraged alien resorts to self-destruction after setting the daughter free, thus 'uncreating' himself, and obliterating the entire mansion, the father, Mrs. Kry and her bridegroom in the process, with the young couple narrowly escaping the carnage.
Closing narration
"Without that deadly talent for being in the right place at the right time, evil must suffer defeat; and with each defeat, doomsday is postponed for at least one more day."
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Fiction set in 1929
Fiction set in 1964
Television episodes about alien visitations
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t%20Open%20Till%20Doomsday |
St. Johns River State College is a public college in Northeast Florida with campuses in Palatka, St. Augustine, and Orange Park. Founded in 1958 (for organizational purposes) as St. Johns River Junior College, it is part of the Florida College System and one of several colleges in the system designated a "state college", meaning they can offer more bachelor degrees than traditional community colleges. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Florida School of the Arts, Florida's first state-sponsored arts school, is housed within the Palatka Campus.
History
The first president of the college, Dr. B. R. Tilley, was appointed in 1958 and the college opened its doors that year; however Walter Smith states that Tilley was appointed in 1959 "to plan for the opening". Initial classes were held in a Baptist church, until it could build its Palatka facility; the school later expanded with campuses in Orange Park and St. Augustine in order to serve Putnam, St. Johns, and Clay Counties. It was founded simultaneously with Collier-Blocker Junior College, for negro students, and nominally absorbed the institution in 1964, although none of the faculty and few of the students moved to St. Johns.
Between 1966 and 2011, when it adopted its current name, it changed its name to St. Johns River Community College. The adoption of its current name coincided with its designation as a state college that can offer a greater number of bachelor's degrees to its academic programs. The current president of the college is Joe Pickens. He took over from Dr Robert L. McLendon Jr., who had served as president of the college from 1972 to 2008. The Thrasher-Horne Center for Performing Arts opened on the Orange Park campus in 2004.
In 2012, a wall was created with portraits and other mementos of Collier-Blocker.
Florida School of the Arts
Florida School of the Arts (colloquially known as FloArts) is an accredited arts school under the umbrella of St. Johns River State College. It is located in the F building of the Palatka Campus. It was first opened in 1976, designed to be an intimate setting where students received close and individual attention. Florida School of the Arts offers course concentrations with accredited Associate in Science and Associate in Arts degrees in the fields of Visual Art (Animation, Studio Art, Graphic Design/New Media, Photography), Acting, Dance, Musical Theatre, and Theatre Production/Design (Costume Design, Scenic/Lighting Design, Stage Management).
Campus locations
Palatka Campus (Putnam County)
St. Augustine Campus (St. Johns County)
Orange Park Campus (Clay County)
Florida School of the Arts (Palatka Campus)
Notable alumni and attendees
References
External links
Two-year colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges established in 1958
Education in Clay County, Florida
Education in St. Johns County, Florida
Florida College System
Palatka, Florida
Tourist attractions in Palatka, Florida
Education in Putnam County, Florida
St. Augustine, Florida
Buildings and structures in St. Johns County, Florida
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges in the Jacksonville metropolitan area
Buildings and structures in Putnam County, Florida
Buildings and structures in Clay County, Florida
1958 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Johns%20River%20State%20College |
"ZZZZZ" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on January 27, 1964, during the first season.
Introduction
A queen bee takes on human form, and plans to mate with a human male.
Opening narration
Human life strives ceaselessly to perfect itself, to gain ascendancy. But what of the lower forms of life? Is it not possible that they, too, are conducting experiments and are at this moment on the threshold of deadly success?
Plot
Ben Fields, married to Francesca Fields, is an entomologist seeking a lab assistant. Regina, a giant mutant queen bee in human form, who is searching for a human mate to evolve her species, takes the job. Regina is accepted into their household after fabricating a story of accused infidelity by her 'former' employer's spouse, whom she chose to keep anonymous to prevent anyone from knowing about the alleged affair. When the subject of drones comes up, Regina is oddly enthusiastic about the beauty of the bee's mating ritual and the willingness of the drones to die in the process. Suspicious of her background, while being treated with disrespect and contempt, Francesca discovers Regina has lied; as well as seeing her abruptly morphing into a giant bee while apparently drawing nectar from a flower in their garden. At one point, due to the metabolic changes while in human form, Regina experiences spasms of pain, and is examined and treated by the Fields' personal physician, who reveals to them his belief that Regina may not be who she appears to be. Later, with her knowledge of Regina's attempts to seduce her husband, Francesca confronts her, whereupon Regina unleashes the bees of her hive kept in Ben's laboratory, attacking and then stinging Francesca to death. Ben, grief-stricken, accuses Regina of murdering his wife. Now understanding and horrified by her true identity and purpose, he forcefully rejects her advances, and gives her his view of the human mating ritual, in contrast to her earlier statements. In an ensuing struggle, she falls from his bedroom's second story balcony to the ground below. She is not killed, transforms back into a queen bee, then flies off.
Closing narration
When the yearning to gain ascendancy takes the form of a soulless, loveless struggle, the contest must end in unlovely defeat. For without love, drones can never be men, and men can only be drones.
Production
"ZZZZZ" was shot entirely on a massive interior set, including the two-story mockup of Ben's house and the full garden constructed by Jack Poplin and his team on Soundstage#4 at KTTV. (source - The Outer Limits:The Official Companion (1986), page 197.)
Cast
Philip Abbott – as Ben Fields
Joanna Frank – as Regina
Marsha Hunt – as Francesca Fields
Booth Colman – as Doctor Warren
John Elizalde – as voice of Bees (uncredited)
Robert Johnson – as voice of Mr. Lund (uncredited)
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZZZZZ |
Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour is the second video album and the first live release by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released by Warner Music Video and Sire Records on November 13, 1985 and contains the concert footage from The Virgin Tour, filmed at Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan on May 25, 1985. Director Daniel Kleinman, who presided over the shooting of the tour on video, submitted the footage to Warner Bros. Records, who decided to release it as a video album. Madonna wanted to have a proper introduction added before the concert footage and asked director James Foley to shoot one, which portrayed her with her first image makeover, reciting lines related to how she became famous.
After its release, Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour received mixed reviews from critics, but went on to become a commercial success, topping the Music Video Sales chart of Billboard and becoming the top selling music video cassette of 1986. The video was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of 100,000 copies and in September 1986, it received a "Video Software Dealers Award" for the Most Popular Music Video. The live performances of "Like a Virgin" and "Dress You Up" were released as music videos on MTV to promote the video album. Both videos were nominated for "Best Choreography" at the 1986 MTV Video Music Awards.
Background
Madonna's first concert tour, The Virgin Tour, promoted her first two studio albums, Madonna and Like a Virgin. The tour was a commercial success, with Billboard Boxscore reporting a gross of US $3.3 million. After the tour was over, Madonna started recording her third studio album, True Blue. Film director Daniel Kleinman, who presided over the shooting of the tour on video, submitted the footage to Warner Bros. Records, who decided to release it as a video album. Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour chronicled The Virgin Tour as shot at Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan on May 25, 1985.
Madonna, who was busy with True Blue and shooting for the comedy film Shanghai Surprise, was contacted by Kleinman to ask about her approval of the shot footage. She felt that the video "needed a proper introduction. I asked [James] Foley darling to shoot me saying something for adding it before the concert starts." Foley, who directed the music video of her song "Live to Tell", shot an introduction which was added at the beginning of the video. It portrayed Madonna in her first image makeover, with platinum blond curls, and conservative wardrobe. Madonna wanted to include a summation of her biography—which was used at the beginning of The Virgin Tour—to be added with the footage. Hence, with the footage, Madonna's voice was heard, declaring,
"I went to New York. I had a dream. I wanted to be a big star, I didn't know anybody, I wanted to dance, I wanted to sing, I wanted to do all those things, I wanted to make people happy, I wanted to be famous, I wanted everybody to love me. I wanted to be a star. I worked really hard, and my dream came true."
This was followed by the concert, beginning with "Dress You Up". The performances of "Angel", "Borderline" and "Burning Up" were removed from the track list of the video, as Kleinman believed that Madonna's performance was not her best in them. While shooting the tour on May 25, during the performance of "Like a Virgin", a fan suddenly came up on the stage and tried to get hold of Madonna, but was swiftly whisked away by security. Kleinman decided to keep the shot, as he felt that it illustrated the fanaticism which had grown around Madonna, and her popularity. The live performances of "Like a Virgin" and "Dress You Up" were released as music video on MTV to promote the video album. Both videos were nominated for "Best Choreography" at the 1986 MTV Video Music Awards. However, Madonna lost the award to Prince and The Revolution with their video "Raspberry Beret."
Reception
Critical response
The video received mixed reviews from critics. Annie Temple from Philadelphia Daily News said that the release was "not so flattering" and "was a sloppy job". Dennis Hunt from Los Angeles Times said that "the video is sometimes distracting and blurry, wonder what went wrong during recording. The angles are awkward, especially when the audience members are shown touching Madonna's hand. Was it really necessary to show a fan coming unannounced on the stage?" Terry Atkinson from the same paper said, "This follows the typical concert video format of putting you in the best seat in the hall and letting the aura of a superior performer encaptivate your senses." Sylvia Chase from The Wichita Eagle said that "seeing Madonna live in an arena and seeing her up, close and personal in the tour cassette is totally different. The energy, the movements, the provocation—all captures you more." Stephen Holden from The New York Times gave it a positive review, stating "filmed with abrupt, swooping camera movements that accentuate the singer's flouncing, slightly ungainly style of dancing, Madonna Live vividly captures the contradictory elements that have made the performer into a cultural icon in spite of a shrill, limited singing voice. In close-up, Madonna's provocative pouts, wiggles and come-hither glances become a more than half-deliberate burlesque of erotic centerfold photography. Both her post-disco music and defiant strut suggest a child's parody of grown-up posturing."
Commercial performance
The release debuted at 14 on Billboards Top Music Videocassettes chart, on December 7, 1985 and climbed to number 11, the next week. The video started a slow climb on the chart, and on the issue dated January 18, 1986, it reached the top of the chart, replacing Prince & The Revolution: Live by The Revolution on the chart. On May 24, 1986, the video again climbed back in the top ten of the chart, at position two. It was present on the chart for a total of 65 weeks. Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour was the top selling music videocassette for 1986. The video was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of 100,000 copies and received a "Video Software Dealers Award" for the Most Popular Music Video, in September 1986. By 1992, the release sold 35,000 copies of laserdiscs in the United States according to The Hollywood Reporter.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Track listing
Notes
"Like a Virgin" contains an excerpt from "Billie Jean."
Formats
It was released on VHS and later on Laserdisc.
Credits and personnel
Daniel Kleinman – director
James Foley – director (opening sequence)
Simon Fields – producer
Jerry Watson – cinematography
Jan de Bont – cinematography (opening sequence)
Mitchell Sinoway – editor
Kenneth C. Barrows – camera operator
Brad Jeffries – choreographer
Rick Uber – online editor
Limelight Productions – production company
Steve Carlton - post production sound supervisor
Credits adapted from the video's liner notes.
Notes
References
External links
1985 video albums
Live video albums
Concert films
Madonna video albums
Sire Records video albums
Warner Records video albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna%20Live%3A%20The%20Virgin%20Tour |
Tilbury Riverside railway station is a closed railway station located in the town of Tilbury in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex, England, south of a triangular junction on the railway between Tilbury Town and East Tilbury. The station was down the line from London Fenchurch Street station via Rainham.
History
It was opened on 13 April 1854 as part of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, providing an interchange with Port of Tilbury to take advantage of the increasing steamboat traffic in this area of the river Thames. The station was opened as Tilbury, and it became Tilbury Riverside on 3 August 1934. It used to provide an interchange with the Gravesend–Tilbury Ferry.
Tilbury engine shed was sited in the triangular junction to the north of Tilbury Riverside station.
Most trains from Fenchurch Street via Tilbury Town would reverse at this station and continue to Westcliff and Benfleet, with a few to or from Fenchurch Street starting or ending here, and there were also a few services operating short to or from Upminster. However, in 1986, London trains ceased calling here and the services were shortened to operate only from Upminster to Tilbury Riverside, East Tilbury and Stanford-le-Hope.
Tilbury Marine
Tilbury Marine was a short-lived station built by the Port of London Authority to serve boat trains, it was located within the docks area to the west of Tilbury Riverside. It opened on 15 May 1927 and closed on 1 May 1932. The station suffered bomb damage in World War 2 but was still largely intact in 1947.
Closure
On 30 November 1992, the station was closed. For many years prior to closure, the station was served only by certain trains on the local service from Upminster via Grays, because the nearby Dartford Crossing and increased car ownership had caused a decline in its importance as a passenger ferry terminal. There was some opposition to closure, but British Rail cited financial reasons for the closure with the annual cost of running the service at £180,000 against income of £11,000.
The station building can now be reached by a shuttle bus service from Tilbury Town railway station, which was a requirement of the line closure. Conditions placed include that the bus service is at least as frequent as the train service at closure, and also that any withdrawal of the bus service go through the same process as closure of the rail service.
The station building is now an indoor car park for Tilbury passenger terminal.
References
External links
Detailed description of Tilbury Riverside at Disused Stations web site
Transport in Thurrock
Disused railway stations in Essex
Former London, Tilbury and Southend Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1854
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1992
Grade II* listed buildings in Essex
Tilbury
Railway depots in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilbury%20Riverside%20railway%20station |
"The Invisibles" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 3 February 1964, during the first season.
Introduction
A government agent infiltrates a secret organization, known as The Invisibles, intent on using alien parasites to take over the bodies of important humans.
Opening narration
"You do not know these men. You may have looked at them, but you did not see them. They are newspapers blowing down a gutter on a windy night. For reasons both sociological and psychological these three have never joined or been invited to join society. They have never experienced love or friendship, or formed any lasting or constructive relationship, but today, at last, they will become a part of something. They will belong. They will come a little closer to their unrealistic dreams of power and glory. Today, finally they will join th... I almost said the human race, and that would have been a half-truth, for the race they are joining today is only half human."
Plot
Three of society's outcasts — men named Spain, Plannetta, and Castle — are taken to a compound that serves as the headquarters of a subversive secret society known as the Invisibles. In their initial debriefing, Spain immediately recognizes the man speaking to them as the governor of an unnamed state. The "governor" rebuts him, saying that his only role is as ruler of the society of the Invisibles. Their purpose is to infect key government and business figures with crab-like creatures who attach themselves to people's backs and take over their minds. By doing so, the Invisibles plan to conquer the world. Each of the new recruits will be given a target to infect following his inoculation. Castle's inoculation is unsuccessful, and he ends up deformed, as is one of the aides at the compound.
It turns out that Spain is actually an agent for the GIA, sent to infiltrate the Invisibles. He sneaks out to meet his contact in the woods and states his plan to try to establish a friendship with the desperately lonely Plannetta so he can get Plannetta to call his "kid brother" so that they can meet up later. In reality, the number is that of GIA headquarters. Spain's plan hits a hitch when Johnny (his contact) is killed and brought in as a corpse for the trainees to practice on.
Spain is assigned to infect General Hillary Clarke in Washington, D.C., while posing as his faithless wife's chauffeur. However, the reality is that the Invisibles are onto him. Clarke is already infected, and Spain was sent there so that Clarke could infect him when his inoculation wore off. Spain manages to escape when Clarke says too much and is momentarily tortured by his Invisible. As Spain flees, Clarke's wife is driving up, and she hits him with the car, breaking his leg. Spain blacks out from the pain. When he comes to, Mrs. Clarke is tending to his injury, but he limps away and steals a car before Clarke can find him.
Spain finally manages to find Plannetta, only to meet another twist of fate: he was Plannetta's target all along. Weeping because he thinks Spain betrayed him, Plannetta sets an Invisible on the ground, which begins to crawl toward Spain. The Invisible does not move quickly, but neither does Spain in his condition. In the nick of time, his fellow GIA agents arrive, shooting both the creature and Plannetta, thus saving Spain's life. However, Spain can only think of the fact that the Invisible menace is everywhere, although a GIA agent assures him that the threat is over because the agency has captured General Clarke's aide Oliver Fair, who is "cooperating".
Closing narration
"You do not know these men. You may have looked at them, but you did not see them. They are the wind that blows newspapers down a gutter on a windy night -- and sweeps the gutter clean."
Trivia
There is an unusual pause in the course of the opening narration which seems to indicate that the Control Voice makes a mistake of appreciation: “Today, finally, they will join the hu... I almost said the human race.” The Control Voice then explains the Society of Invisibles are only half human.
Neil Hamilton, who plays Gen. Clarke, is perhaps best known for his role as Commissioner Gordon in the 1960s Batman TV series. He also plays the father-in-law of Sally Kellerman's character in the following episode, "The Bellero Shield".
Website Rating
The website TV.com allows members to rank episodes on a 1 to 10 scale. As of 3/21/09, the average rating given to "The Invisibles" was 8.8, the third-highest of any episode in the series. Only "Demon With a Glass Hand" and "The Man Who Was Never Born" had received higher fan ratings as of that date.
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Invisibles%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Venceremos is a Spanish and Portuguese word meaning "we will overcome", or "we will win".
Venceremos may refer to:
Venceremos, a battle cry and the name of a few republican newspapers during the Spanish Civil War
Venceremos (newspaper), a daily newspaper published in Guantánamo, Cuba
Venceremos Brigade, a socialist organization that sends annual work brigades to Cuba
Venceremos (political organization), a Chicano radical group of the late 1960s and early 1970s in the United States, based in Northern California and unrelated to the Veneceremos Brigade
Radio Venceremos, an FMLN guerrilla group's radio station during the El Salvador Civil War
Music
"Venceremos" (song), written by Claudio Iturra and Sergio Ortega for the 1970 election campaign of Salvador Allende
Venceremos, a 2022 album by Karamelo Santo
"Venceremos (We Will Win)", a 1984 song by Working Week
"Venceremos - Wir werden siegen", a 2002 song by Die Toten Hosen from Auswärtsspiel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venceremos |
Sirkuspelle Hermanni (translates to Hermanni the Circus Clown) is a Finnish children's TV show from 1978–1988 shown on Yle TV2 in the Pikku Kakkonen children's program.
The show's main character is Pelle Hermanni (translates to Hermanni the Clown), a clown who lives in his own trailer at a circus trailer park. He was played by Veijo Pasanen.
There is no major continuing plot, instead the episodes consist of Hermanni talking about his life and daily events in a funny, clownish, somewhat childish way. His comedic antics are further increased by the comically misproportioned props and his way of fumbling over difficult words. Hermanni would often ask questions from his children audience, and then pretend to actually hear what they answered, saying such things like "Right, Annika there knew the answer!"
In by far the most of the episodes, Hermanni is the only human actor shown. Other characters include Vekkari, Hermanni's large alarm clock which starts ringing when Hermanni least wants, and Kepakko, a wooden teacher's staff who feels intellectually superior to Hermanni and often insults him by laughing at him.
Hermanni is especially fond of his dear old mother and the pancakes with strawberries she makes, and he often phones her to see how she's doing. Hermanni's telephone is a large, complex contraption with its own video communications screen. Because the show predates actually feasible real-world video communication by more than a decade, this only adds to the comedy.
Hermanni is in love with Sylvia, the circus's fortune teller, but she has a rival suitor in Max, the circus magician. For by far the most of the show, both Sylvia and Max remained unseen characters, with Hermanni only visiting their trailers where they were not present. In later episodes, both Sylvia and Max were briefly seen.
In September 2022, it was reported that Pelle Hermanni will make his first feature film debut, with Timo Koivusalo directing the film and Vesa Vierikko acting as the title character.
References
External links
Yle Elävä arkisto: Sirkuspelle Hermanni (in Finnish)
Finnish children's television series
Television shows about clowns
1978 Finnish television series debuts
1988 television series endings
1980s Finnish television series endings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuspelle%20Hermanni |
St. Stephen's Cathedral () is a baroque church from 1688 in Passau, Germany, dedicated to Saint Stephen. It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Passau and the main church of his diocese.
Since 730, there have been many churches built on the site of the current cathedral. The current church, a baroque building around long, was built from 1668 to 1693 after a fire in 1662 destroyed its predecessor, of which only the late gothic eastern side remains. The cathedral's overall plan was made by Carlo Lurago, its interior decoration by Giovanni Battista Carlone, and its frescos by Carpoforo Tencalla.
Passau Cathedral's used to be the largest organ in the world. It still is the largest church organ outside USA. Over time, it has been outgrown by more recent instruments, for instance Wanamaker's organ in the USA.
The organ currently has 17,774 pipes and 233 registers, all of which can be played with the five-manual general console in the gallery. Portions of the organ have their own mechanical-action or electric-action consoles, for a total of six consoles.
The cathedral has eight large bells in the bell rooms in the north and south towers. The heaviest,"Pummerin" at 7550 kg cast in 1952 and "Sturmerin" weighing 5300 kg cast in 1733 hang in the south tower. The other six bells hang in the north tower. They include: "Misericordia" weighing 6000 kg, the Angelus bell, "Predigerin", "Elfuhrglocken", the Choir bell, and "Dignitar". A ninth bell, the "Zeichenglocke" hangs near the sacristy
door.
Additional information
The information in this article is based on that in its German equivalent.
The organs at this cathedral have continually been added to over the years. The "organ" is really several separate organs of different tonal styles all accessible from one or more consoles. Likewise, the organs of the First Congregational Church of Los Angeles, California, USA have grown over the years and play from twin consoles; together, the two organs have 346 ranks and over 20,000 pipes. By contrast, the Cadet Chapel Organ of the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York is a single organ. It has also been added to continuously over the years and is larger still with more than 23,500 pipes. It plays from a single console.
List of pipe organs
Recordings (selection)
Die Passauer Domorgel : The most beautiful organ in the world Passau Cathedral Helga Schauerte-Maubouet, (Syrius, 141310) 1995.
External links
Passau Cathedral Organ
St. Stephen's Cathedral
Eisenbarth organ at St. Stephen's Cathedral
Cathédrale Saint-Étienne / St. Stephen's Cathedral / St. Stephanus Dom
Passau
Cathedral
Passau Cathedral | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Stephen%27s%20Cathedral%2C%20Passau |
"The Bellero Shield" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 10 February 1964, during the first season.
There are several similarities in the story's theme, plot, and structure to William Shakespeare's Macbeth, and many critics agree it was the series' take on that play.
Opening narration
"There is a passion in the human heart which is called aspiration. It flares with the noble flame, and by its light Man has traveled from the caves of darkness to the darkness of outer space. But when this passion becomes lust, when its flame is fanned by greed and private hunger, then aspiration becomes ambition – by which sin the angels fell."
Plot
A scientist, Richard Bellero, builds a powerful laser device that he shoots into the sky from a laboratory on the top floor of his home, but the invention is not practical enough to satisfy his demanding father, Richard Sr., who views his son as a failure and has made plans to hand control of the Bellero company to someone outside the family, to the great chagrin of Richard's ruthlessly ambitious wife Judith. One night after Richard has left the lab, a peaceful bioluminescent extraterrestrial from a world which "hovers just above the ceiling of your universe" rides the laser down to Earth. Judith tries to shoot the alien with a laser gun, but the alien protects himself by using a small device in his hand that instantly raises a powerful shield around him. Recognizing that this technology would bring her husband great acclaim and fortune, Judith gets Richard to leave the house by persuading him to go fetch his father. She then tries to coax the alien into giving her his shield's control device, but he disagrees, fearing his technology would fall into the wrong hands. Judith then tricks him into lowering his shield and shoots him, stealing his shield control device. Judith and her maid Mrs. Dame secretly drag the apparently dead alien's body to the cellar.
During a demonstration in front of Richard and his father, who do not know that the alien has been shot, Judith raises the shield, but is unable to take it down and becomes trapped inside it. Mrs. Dame, desperate to save Judith from death by asphyxiation, goes to the cellar and is startled to find the alien still alive but very weak. The maid begs him "Can you help?" The alien replies, "Can I not?" Just before dying, the alien lowers the shield by using his own glowing blood, the substance that powers the control device. Despite her being rescued, however, Judith insists that she is still trapped by the shield—the imagined shield, perhaps, of her own guilt over killing an alien who thought only of helping her. As the episode ends, she places her hands helplessly on the "shield" that is no longer there. On one hand is a spot: a glowing drop of the murdered alien's blood that presumably will stain her palm forever.
Closing narration
"When this passion called aspiration becomes lust, then aspiration degenerates, becomes vulgar ambition, by which sin the angels fell."
Interpretation
The most obvious parallels to Shakespeare's Macbeth lie in Judith's overweening and heartless ambition (similar to that of Lady Macbeth), both women's apparent madness by the end of their respective tales, and the "damn'd spot" that will not "out" from either woman's hand, a physical manifestation of their guilt. However, Judith's husband Richard shares none of Macbeth's brutality or desire for power. Northwestern University professor Jeffrey Sconce interprets the "shield" as a metaphor for television, a tool of "domestic asylum" that kept women of that era locked up within the home.
Legacy
Skeptics have pointed to this episode as an origin for the grey aliens described in the 1961 Betty and Barney Hill abduction. In his 1990 article Entirely Unpredisposed, Martin Kottmeyer suggested that Barney's memories revealed under hypnosis might have been influenced by the episode, which was broadcast twelve days before Barney's first hypnotic session. Between the alleged 1961 abduction and the airing of the episode in 1964, Betty Hill's writings had described the aliens as short black-haired men with large "Jimmy Durante" noses. The episode featured an extraterrestrial with large eyes who says, "In all the universes, in all the unities beyond the universes, all who have eyes have eyes that speak." The report from the regression featured a scenario that was in some respects similar to the television show. In part, Kottmeyer wrote:
"Wraparound eyes are an extreme rarity in science fiction films. I know of only one instance. They appeared on the alien of an episode of an old TV series The Outer Limits entitled "The Bellero Shield". A person familiar with Barney's sketch in "The Interrupted Journey" and the sketch done in collaboration with the artist David Baker will find a "frisson" of "déjà vu" creeping up his spine when seeing this episode. The resemblance is much abetted by an absence of ears, hair, and nose on both aliens. Could it be by chance? Consider this: Barney first described and drew the wraparound eyes during the hypnosis session dated 22 February 1964. "The Bellero Shield" was first broadcast on "10 February 1964. Only twelve days separate the two instances. If the identification is admitted, the commonness of wraparound eyes in the abduction literature falls to cultural forces."
When a different researcher asked Betty about The Outer Limits, she insisted she had "never heard of it".
Cast
Martin Landau – as Richard Bellero
Sally Kellerman – as Judith Bellero
Chita Rivera – as Mrs. Dame
John Hoyt – as Bifrost Alien
Neil Hamilton – as Richard Bellero, Sr.
References
Detailed episode guide by 'Monsieur Vincent'. Archived from . Retrieved on 2012-09-29.
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Television shows based on Macbeth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bellero%20Shield |
"The Children of Spider County" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 17 February 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
"In light of today's growing anxieties, it has become more absolute that the wealth of a nation consists in the number of superior men that it harbors. It is therefore a matter of deep concern, and deeper consequence, when four of the most magnificent and promising young minds in the country suddenly disappear off the face of the Earth..."
Plot
A group of four young prodigies has mysteriously vanished, now all influential figures, and it is noted that they all hailed from the same remote area, Spider County, and that they share the same middle name of Eros, an obscure planet in the Krell galaxy orbiting the Orion constellation. A government agent is sent to investigate the one young prodigy, Ethan Wechsler, who is still in Spider County. He has been incarcerated and accused of murdering a young girl's suitor after he telepathically "overhears" an ill-mannered remark made towards her, followed by a physical altercation between them where the suitor was killed by Ethan as an act of self-defense.
Because of his unique abilities and loner attitude, Ethan is ostracized by the citizens of Spider County, thus compelling his "father" to rescue him from his human captors and return him to Eros, together with his fellow prodigies, where they can be honored and revered for their special gifts, and not feared and despised. Following numerous attempts at escape and recapture, Ethan is finally reunited with his "brothers". He professes his love for the young girl, Anna Bishop, and is steadfast in his refusal to return with his father to Eros, having enjoyed his life on Earth despite encountering prejudice and mistrust throughout the years. The father reluctantly agrees to his son's wishes and, after Ethan convinces his brothers to remain on Earth with him, the alien patriarch departs for his homeworld in Orion without the passengers he had expected would have, unconditionally, accompanied him.
Closing narration
"The wealth of a nation, of a world, consists in the number of superior men that it harbors, and often it seems that these men are too different, too dreaming. And often, because they are driven by powers and dreams strange to us, they are driven away by us. But are they really so different? Are they not, after all, held by the same things that hold us-by strong love, and soft hands?"
Production
Interiors had to be filmed at the Samuel Goldwyn Studios, as production on 'The Unknown'/'Forms of Things Unknown' pilot/episode was using up the soundstages at KTTV.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Children%20of%20Spider%20County |
Club Deportivo Díter Zafra was a Spanish football team based in Zafra, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. Founded in 1930 it last played in 3ª – Group 14, holding home matches at Nuevo Estadio de Zafra, with a capacity of 5,000 seats.
Dissolution
The club announced its dissolution on 28 January 2017. This decision was overturned two days later when a group of former club directors decided to invest in the team, and they continued with their season.
Finally, Díter Zafra was dissolved in August 2017.
Season to season
8 seasons in Segunda División B
31 seasons in Tercera División
10 seasons in Divisiones Regionales
Famous players
Hipólito Rincón
References
External links
Official website
Futbolme team profile
Unofficial website
Defunct football clubs in Extremadura
Association football clubs established in 1969
1969 establishments in Spain
Association football clubs disestablished in 2017
Province of Badajoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD%20D%C3%ADter%20Zafra |
Barry Joseph Evans (18 June 1943 – 9 February 1997) was an English actor best known for his appearances in British sitcoms such as Doctor in the House and Mind Your Language.
Biography
Early life
Born in Guildford, Surrey, and orphaned as a baby, Evans was educated at the orphanage boarding schools run by the Shaftesbury Homes, first at Fortescue House School in Twickenham in a Dr Barnardo's Home, and then at Bisley Boys' School in Bisley, Surrey. His acting ability was recognised at an early age and he often played the leading roles in school plays. He briefly lived in Yalding before moving to London. Evans attended the Italia Conti Academy and later won a John Gielgud Scholarship to study at the Central School of Speech and Drama.
Career
One of his first film credits was the lead role in Clive Donner's film Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush (1968) where he was cast as Jamie McGregor, a teenager who finds it difficult to lose his virginity. Photoplay magazine called Evans a "bright and exciting new actor", and The Sunday Telegraph described his screen debut as "brilliant".
Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush represented a breakthrough in a number of technical features: the script, the photography and the filming techniques. Jamie McGregor speaks his thoughts. The soundtrack mainly contained songs performed by The Spencer Davis Group and Traffic. The film was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the Festival was cancelled that year. The film saw the beginning of a long friendship between Barry Evans and the director, Clive Donner, whom Evans regarded as one of his best friends. He worked with Donner again in 1969 in the historical epic Alfred the Great.
In 1969, Evans appeared alongside Roddy McDowall in an episode of the series Journey to the Unknown entitled "The Killing Bottle", as a man planning to murder his brother for the inheritance.
His first significant television role was in the sitcom Doctor in the House (1969–1970), based on Richard Gordon's novels, which had already been turned into a feature film series. Evans starred as the young student doctor Michael Upton, to whom Evans felt he bore no similarities. Following the show's success he starred in the sequel to the series, Doctor at Large (1971). Evans enjoyed working with his fellow actors George Layton, Geoffrey Davies, Robin Nedwell and Richard O'Sullivan, and he later described these as the best years of his life. Work on the "Doctor" series was extremely intense and left him no time to take on other roles; he therefore declined to appear in the later sequels. In a 1977 interview he stated that he had been "incredibly stupid" to turn the series down.
In 1971, Evans played the character of Eli Frome in Pete Walker's low-budget thriller Die Screaming, Marianne, alongside Susan George. In 1976, he had the lead role in Stanley Long's sex comedy Adventures of a Taxi Driver. Unlike in Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush, in which the viewer partakes in Jamie's thoughts, Evans's character breaks the fourth wall throughout the film. Although the film was successful, Evans decided not to appear in the sequels but he starred in the similarly themed Under the Doctor the same year.
Evans also did some theatre work, but this did not prove financially worthwhile, and he spent several spells claiming benefits. He wrote to London Weekend Television, "and told them ... I was still alive". This led to what became his best-known comedy role, as Jeremy Brown in the ITV sitcom Mind Your Language (1977–1979, 1986), which was a humorous look at an evening class tutor teaching English to foreign students. The series was written by TV scriptwriter Vince Powell and was adapted for American TV as What a Country! in 1986. In the same year it was briefly revived in Britain for a further 13 episodes.
Later career
In 1982–1983, Evans played Dick Emery's trusted assistant Robin Bright in the comedy thriller series Legacy of Murder.
By the latter half of the 1980s, Evans's youthful appearance was working against him and he found it difficult to obtain mature acting roles in keeping with his age. His last role was as Bazzard in the 1993 film adaptation of The Mystery of Edwin Drood. By the mid-1990s, Evans was working as a minicab driver in Leicestershire.
Death
In February 1997, police discovered Evans's body in his living room after going to the house to tell him that they had recovered his stolen car, which had been reported missing the day before. The cause of his death has never been confirmed. The coroner found a blow to Evans's head and also found high levels of alcohol in his system. A short will was found on a table next to his body and a spilt packet of aspirin tablets was found on the floor, bearing a pre-decimalisation price tag (i.e., before 1971), indicating that the pack was at least 26 years old; although the coroner concluded that he had not taken any of them. An open verdict was eventually given. An 18-year-old boy was arrested but later released without charge due to insufficient evidence.
Evans was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium.
Legacy
A blue plaque commemorating Evans, erected by The Heritage Foundation, is situated at 8 Buckland Crescent in Belsize Park, north west London. He lived at this address from 1960 until the early 1980s. A memorial charity lunch in aid of Barnardo's was held in honour of Evans and Mind Your Language writer Vince Powell at the Marriot Hotel near Marble Arch in central London.
TV credits
Filmography
See also
List of unsolved deaths
References
External links
1943 births
1997 deaths
20th-century English male actors
Male actors from Guildford
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
Alumni of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
English male television actors
Golders Green Crematorium
Unsolved deaths in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Evans%20%28actor%29 |
Linschoten () is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Montfoort, and lies about 3 km southeast of Woerden.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1172 as Gerardus de Lindescote, and means (higher) corner near Linde which is either a tree (Tilia) or the name of a river. Linschoten developed along the eponymous river. During the 12th century, it was a peat excavation settlement. In 1270, a castle was built, but was reduced to a ruin by 1438. The Dutch Reformed Church dates from 1270, but was destroyed in 1482 by the citizens of Oudewater. In 1627, the church was extensively renovated. In 1617, the Montfoortse Vaart was dug and met the Linschoten River at the village of Linschoten.
In 1637, the manor house Huis te Linschoten was built in a castle like style. In 1771, it was redesigned and extended in Versailles style. In 1834, a large park was added around the estate. In 1840, Linschoten was home to 552 people.
Notable people born in Linschoten
Mat Herben, (born 1952), politician
Rigard van Klooster, (born 1989) – track cyclist and former speed skater
Gallery
See also
Memorial tablet for the lords of Montfoort
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Montfoort | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linschoten%20%28village%29 |
Loenen aan de Vecht (or just Loenen) is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It was the main village in the former municipality of Loenen. Since 2011 it has become part of the newly formed municipality of Stichtse Vecht. It lies about 10 km west of Hilversum.
History
The village was first mentioned in 953 as Lona, and is probably the name of a waterway. In 1978, it was officially named Loenen aan de Vecht to distinguish from the other villages named Loenen.
Loenen developed along the river Vecht. was built next to the village in the 13th century. The castle was destroyed in 1296 after some of the murderers of Floris V, Count of Holland sought shelter in the castle. The area was confiscated by Holland and became an enclave within Utrecht. In 1354, the castle was rebuilt. In 1672, it was destroyed by the French. In 1710, an estate was built at the site, but demolished in 1837.
The Dutch Reformed Church probably dates from the 13th century. The tower dates from the 16th century. In 1945, the church was severely damaged by fire, and restored in 1950. There are many large estates near Loenen built in the 17th century by Amsterdam merchants. In 1840, Loenen was home to 965 people. The grist mill De Hoop was first attested in 1675. In 1900, it burnt down. In 1901, it was rebuilt with a steam engine in case there wasn't enough wind. It was in service until 1949, and started to become derelict. Between 2006 and 2007, it was restored and functions on a voluntary basis.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Stichtse Vecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loenen%20aan%20de%20Vecht |
"Specimen: Unknown" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 24 February 1964, during the first season.
Introduction
The crew of the Adonis research space station discovers an unusual object attached to the station wall and brings it inside to study it.
Opening narration
Plot
Lt. Howard, a member of a team of astronaut-researchers, finds strange mushroom-shaped organisms clinging to the wall of the space lock, calling them "space barnacles". Exposed to light and air inside, one exhibits aggressive growth and develops a beautiful flower. During study of the organism under the microscope following the spewing of large spores, the flower emits a noxious gas that incapacitates Howard, after which he dies. After burying Howard in space, the other astronauts begin a scheduled return to Earth, bringing the new species with them, not knowing that it caused Howard's death. Containers with the specimens inadvertently open during hard maneuvering, and start rapidly multiplying and filling the shuttle with deadly gas, forcing the crew to don space suits. Learning of the potential danger to life, their superiors on Earth order the crew to remain in orbit until a method can be found to eliminate the threat posed by the specimen. As the spacecraft runs out of fuel, the half-dead crew is ordered to land. They crash some distance from the rocket base, and a team of scientists and military personnel race to rescue the astronauts and contain the organisms. The incapacitated astronauts are evacuated, but the organisms begin to sow upon the surrounding countryside. The commanding officer and an astronaut's wife are forced to flee on foot when their vehicle becomes overgrown, but are completely surrounded by the organisms. As all hope for survival begins to fade, a thunderstorm appears and drenches the land. Unexpectedly, the rain causes the flowers to wilt and die, and the earth is saved.
Closing narration
Production
Interiors were shot on Stage #4 at KTTV and the exterior shots were filmed in the Tarzan forest portion of M.G.M. Backlot #3. The shooting notes specify "extra foliage" to hide the World War II barges from the Combat! series in the lake over the hillside from where the full-sized Adonis shuttle exterior mock-up, built by art director Jack Poplin and his team, is situated, nose-first into the ground. Projects Unlimited made 150 prop plants for these scenes, some of which were working models which fired aerosol mist and spores (in fact Puffed Wheat breakfast cereal) which were sculpted by Johnny Neopolitano. The mock-up of the Adonis shuttle was painted black and re-used in the Twilight Zone episode "Probe 7, Over and Out".
The model of the Adonis space station was a leftover prop from the Ziv/UA TV series Men into Space.
When the episode was assembled, it ran only 45 minutes. To extend the film, shots of the Adonis model hanging in space were lengthened, and in the first part of the show they cut to the model shot as often as possible. Tediously slow slow-motion was given to the shots of Mike Doweling's EVA to repair the Adonis shuttle, which gave it a few more seconds. Leslie Stevens quickly wrote a prologue (directed by the first assistant director Robert Justman) which featured Lt. Rupert Lawrence Howard (played by Dabney Coleman), previously only mentioned in the past tense by the other characters, and Joseph Stefano wrote an unusually long Control Voice Speech which spelled out the history of the space program, even giving the exact time and date of the prologue. The opening teaser showcasing the 'bear' lasts nearly three minutes, all of which got the episode to the required running time. Originally the episode opened with the burial in space of Lt. Rupert Howard and the plants were not revealed to be menacing until they killed a lab rabbit much later in the show; now they are seen killing Lt. Howard in the prologue, suspense dispelled by the need for padding.
This was the highest Nielsen-rated episode in the first season.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Works about astronauts
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specimen%3A%20Unknown |
"Second Chance" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on March 2, 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
When fear is too terrible, when reality is too agonizing, we seek escape in manufactured danger, in the thrills and pleasures of pretending-in the amusement parks of our unamusing world. Here, in frantic pretending, Man finds escape and temporary peace, and goes home tired enough to sleep a short, deep sleep. But what happens here when night comes? When pretending ends, and reality begins?
Plot
Frustrated and disillusioned physicist Dave Crowell has found a temporary and undemanding job - 'piloting' a flying saucer mock-up spaceflight simulator at a third-rate amusement park - to escape from his former Defense Department employers' demands to develop more effective weapons of mass destruction. However, an alien from the planet Empyria stealthily modifies the attraction into an actual interplanetary spacecraft; and, passing himself off as a weird roving sideshow, invites aboard a group of misfits, each of whom is refusing to confront unpleasant realities in his/her life.
The Empyrian offers the group a second chance to better themselves - an opportunity to colonize a small planetoid called Tythra that, paradoxically, will threaten both the alien's home world and Earth, just 82 years down the line; by inhabiting it, the colonists will alter its orbital path and thus avert the disaster. However, to turn this dream into a reality, each must overcome an entrenched unwillingness to face his or her own true nature to pull together as a group. As violence escalates quickly between the distressed abductees and the flight crew, with one passenger accidentally being ejected into space during a physical altercation, Crowell eventually manages to convince the Empyrian that the operation is doomed to failure; he explains that it is against human nature to expect someone to freely accept their shortcomings and admit their failures. Instead, he advises him to seek help directly from Earth's governments and scientists, in order to initialize a proper collaboration for the sake of each individual, by asking for volunteers to accompany them to Tythra - he assures the alien that he would probably have a whole ship full of people willing to receive a second chance at life. Approving of Crowell's choice, the Empyrian states that "he trusts his judgment", reversing the course of the ship to return the reluctant abductees back to Earth.
Closing narration
This episode has no closing narration.
Background
The original script for this episode was written by Sonya Roberts (whose previous credits included episodes of Surfside Six, Hawaiian Eye, and 77 Sunset Strip) and titled "Joy Ride", and takes place at Jollyland, (changed to Joyland). The script was rewritten as "Second Chance" by Lou Morheim, who retained the basic plot but threw out most of the emotional depth and humor of the characters, supposedly because ABC wanted monsters and simplistic stories. In "Second Chance", for example, the Empyrian frightens whoever he encounters by suddenly appearing in front of them, whereas in "Joy Ride" Roberts cleverly has him appear as if he is part of the park, wearing a sandwich board that reads 'GREETINGS EARTHMEN, I AM FROM THE PLANET EMPYRIA IN OUTER SPACE'. Likewise, in "Second Chance", the Empyrian forces Arjay to buckle his safety belt by hypnotizing him with his alien medallion, but in "Joy Ride" he achieves this by getting Arjay to "pretend" everything is for real, pulling out his ray gun and threatening to burn him to a cinder if he doesn't, and Arjay, playing along, complies laughing. Believing the resulting script to be inane, Sonya Roberts had her name removed from the script and employed the pseudonym Lin Dane.
The exterior of the Braniff Space Rover attraction at Freedomland U.S.A. reportedly was used as a reference for the exterior of the flying saucer in this episode. In one scene, two actors are seen outside the flying saucer in a park with a carousel in the distance. While Freedomland's Space Rover may have served as a reference for the flying saucer in the episode, the scene provides evidence that the episode was not actually filmed at Freedomland.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Chance%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Écija Balompié, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Écija, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1939, it plays in División de Honor Andaluza, the fifth tier of Spanish football.
History
In 2007–08 season, the club became champion of the Segunda División B, Group 4. The next season was quite unsuccessful, as the club finished 14th, just 5 points away from being relegated to Tercera. In August 2019, with a debt of 217,000 euros unpaid, Écija were expelled from the 2019–20 Tercera División.
Season to season
2 seasons in Segunda División
21 seasons in Segunda División B
10 seasons in Tercera División
Stadium
Écija holds home games at Estadio San Pablo, with a capacity of 6,000 seats.
Famous players
Nolito
Rafael Gordillo
Rubén Pérez
Wilfred Agbonavbare
Antoñito
Pepe Mel
Salva Ballesta
Caye Quintana
Javi Lara
Fernando Seoane
Vali Gasimov
References
External links
Official website
Futbolme team profile
Football clubs in Andalusia
Association football clubs established in 1968
1968 establishments in Spain
Segunda División clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cija%20Balompi%C3%A9 |
"Moonstone" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 9 March 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
In Man's conquest of space, his own moon must be the first to surrender. From there he will step his way across the heavens to the edge of infinity. Each step will be as uncertain as the last, yet each will bring him closer to ultimate truth. Lunar Expedition One: Here a handful of brave scientists and technicians pave the way to the future. Their mission: to collect information that will eventually enable Man to inhabit the Moon; to use the Moon as a springboard to the stars. Once during each twenty-four-hour period, a force of three, commanded by General Lee Stocker and including Lieutenant Travers and Major Clint Anderson, makes its slow, uncharted way across the lunar surface, a surface whose depths and desires are, as yet, unprobed…
Plot
Scientists and researchers in a base on the Moon discover living creatures encased in a seamless, perfectly round orb, which proves to be the repository of a benevolent alien intelligence that is fleeing tyranny in its own system. The beings inform the startled scientists that they are the five greatest minds in the universe, having escaped their home planet, Grippia, located in the constellation Xenes, to prevent their advanced knowledge from being used to conquer the galaxy. They had landed on the Moon due to a lack of sustainable energy, with the Sun being too weak to provide them with enough power to continue their flight. The scientists offer the aliens sanctuary while they attempt to re-energize; and, in exchange, they begin to record their combined wisdom on the base's computers to preserve it before they are captured. When the Tyrants arrive in pursuit, the researchers have to decide how much they should risk in the gathering of knowledge. The Grippians convince the scientists to release them to the Tyrants to prevent their imminent destruction, following the death of one of the researchers when trying to defend them. This act of compassion and sacrifice, in the face of almost certain death, is demonstrated as the Grippians self-destruct before they can be taken aboard the Tyrants' craft, thus denying them the knowledge they were so desperately seeking.
Closing narration
The steps Man takes across the heavens of his universe are as uncertain as those steps he takes across the rooms of his own life. And yet if he walks with an open mind, those steps must lead him eventually to that most perfect of all destinations, truth.
Quotes
"Their power is too great...their madness, even greater".
"If you are ever to destroy evil, you must survive to fight it".
"In the end, it is usually the good mind who enables evil to thrive".
"You did what you had to do...perhaps, that is the most subtle definition of bravery".
Stocker: "We didn't earn your thanks".
Grippians: "The mind learns by doing...the heart learns by trying".
Production
The Lunar landscape exterior was constructed by Jack Poplin and his team on Soundstage #2 at KTTV and the Moon backdrops were from M.G.M. The jagged mountains and rock columns were placed so as to hide the gaps in these backdrops. The Moon surface itself was a four inch deep layer of sand that had been dyed different colours to give the moonscape different gradations of tone when filmed in black and white. Paintings by astronomical artist Chesley Bonestell were used as background plates for sequences of the two Moonstones moving over the lunar surface.
The Grippians were designed at Projects Unlimited by father and son team Marcel and Victor Delgado. The eyes of the Grippians were dressed-up ping pong balls held on sticks with added tendrils, and the models were filmed inside a water tank so that their 'hair' would drift about as they swayed and moved. The Grippian sphere itself was one of the milky oversized Beverley Hills street lamppost globes, and cries of "Bring on the Street lamp" greeted the prop during filming.
William Bast's original script contained many spectacular action scenes, most of which were either simplified or not done at all for logistical and budgetary reasons.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes set on the Moon
Works about astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonstone%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Maarsbergen is a settlement in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Utrechtse Heuvelrug, and lies about 18 km east of Utrecht.
History
It was first mentioned in 1134 as Merseberch. The etymology is unclear. The village developed near . Huis Maarsbergen was a 15th century walled castle. The castle was confiscated in 1656, and sold to Samuel de Marez who transformed it into an estate. The Dutch Reformed Church was built between 1883 and 1884, and a tower was added in 1934. In 1840, Maarsbergen was home to 262 people. Between 1845 and 1972, there was a railway station in Maarsbergen.
In 1934 it was the birthplace of Count Carel Pieter Antoni Jan Hubertus Godin de Beaufort, a motor racing driver who competed in Formula One between and .
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Utrechtse Heuvelrug | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maarsbergen |
"The Mutant" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It was first broadcast on March 16, 1964, during the first season.
Introduction
Researchers on an alien planet live in fear of a man wearing goggles, a man who is paranoid and powerful—and can read minds.
Opening narration
At this very moment, our horizon is menaced by two explosive forces, both man-made. One is a deadly wonder; the other, wondrously alive. Both forces have compelled Man to reach out for worlds beyond his own, new worlds where he may find peace, and room to grow. This is the first of those new worlds. The United Nations of Earth have claimed it, and called it Annex One. It is almost identical to Earth, except that there is no night—sunlight is constant. Early reports from the small expeditionary team stationed on Annex One indicated that the ancient planet appeared suitable for colonization by Earth's overflowing population. But the most recent reports have contained unspoken, oddly disturbing undercurrents, and the United Space Agency has decided to investigate. The man chosen: Dr. Evan Marshall, psychiatrist.
Plot
An astronaut lands on an alien planet to investigate the death of one of a group of Earth scientists who are testing to see if the planet is suitable for colonization. The scientists, including Julie, his old flame, behave strangely, but refuse to explain why. They are particularly nervous around Reese Fowler, a fellow researcher who seems to wear his polarized goggles all the time, necessary due to the extreme brightness of the planet's sun. One of the scientists attempts to leave a hastily scribbled note in the astronaut's spacesuit pocket, warning him of what has been happening; he exits the room, only to bump into Reese, who seems to read his mind, and then destroys him with a mere touch. The astronaut is led to a remote cave by Julie and another researcher where he discovers that the others live in fear of Reese, who developed superhuman abilities when he was accidentally exposed to the planet's radioactive isotope-laden rainfall, which has mutating properties, resulting in the scientist's loss of hair and in the development of protruding eyes. Reese, knowing that if the others return to Earth he will be left behind because of the danger he poses, has been holding the others captive, while threatening his touch if they reveal the secret of his plight, all the time searching for a cure. The astronaut must somehow overcome a man who can read minds, and kill with a touch. To prevent Reese from knowing of his plans, the investigator is given a post-hypnotic suggestion to forget what he has learned, then—provided with a code word to recall the events—inform his superiors on Earth following his return. In an unfortunate twist of fate, Reese discovers the deception, and pursues the investigator and Julie into the cave, where they had met once before, with the intent to destroy them; however, due to his sensitivity to darkness, Reese apparently dies from the intense pain while trying to absorb the dim glow of a candle's flame into his light-starved eyes.
Closing narration
The forces of violence and the forces of nature compel man to reach out toward new horizons, where peace and sanity may flourish, where there is room to grow. But before we run, should we not first make certain that we have done all that can be done here to end madness, quiet the disturbers of peace and make room for those who need so little to grow in?
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mutant |
Moti Lal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC) is a government medical college and hospital in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was founded in memory of Motilal Nehru, who was the father of Jawaharlal Nehru.
History and formation
On 7 November 1854, Leslie Hudson, a member of British Parliament raised a question about British Government's plan to open medical colleges in India which was under the rule of British East India Company then. Replying to that, Sir Charles Wood, the minister concerned announced that by 1861 medical colleges would be opened in five cities of India, namely Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Lahore and Allahabad. Pt. Motilal Nehru was the chief spokesperson of the deputation that called on Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, on 17 November 1904 at Allahabad in leadership of Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya. During this meet, Pt. Motilal Nehru reminded the Viceroy of the promise made by the British Government 50 years back and told him that it was a matter of deep regret that there was no medical college in Allahabad, which at that time was the capital of the United Province.
Moti Lal Nehru Medical College was formally inaugurated on 5 May 1961 by the President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, just one day prior to Nehru's 100th birthday, and a century after the proposed time by the British Govt. Initially the premises of the British District Jail at South Malaka were acquired for the college. Pt. Motilal Nehru was kept imprisoned there in 1930 during British rule for his leading role in the freedom movement and released only after severe illness, which resulted in his death on 6 February 1931. Later, in 1963, the Government House, which used to be residence of the Governor of United Province, was acquired for the college while the jail premises were transformed into Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital (named after Pt. Motilal Nehru's wife).
Today the college is recognised by Medical Council of India for imparting medical education of undergraduate and post graduate degree /diploma level in various specialities, with Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital, Sarojini Naidu Children's Hospital and Manohar Das Eye Hospital serving under its affiliation.
Academics
Every year a batch of 200 students is admitted to the first year of MBBS degree course of the college. 180 students are admitted through state counseling based on UP state rank in NEET, 20 are admitted through all India counseling based on all India rank in NEET conducted by NTA . Similarly admissions to various postgraduate courses are also taken through similar entrance test organised by the government.
Upgradation
The Government of India has decided to upgrade the institute on lines of All India Institute of Medical Sciences as part of phase-3 of Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) whereby the Central Government will bear 80% of the cost of upgradation and 20% cost will be borne by State Government.
References
External links
Medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Prayagraj
Science and technology in Prayagraj
Universities and colleges established in 1961
1961 establishments in Uttar Pradesh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilal%20Nehru%20Medical%20College |
"The Guests" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on March 23, 1964, during the first season.
Introduction
A free-spirited, young man is forced against his will to walk up the stairs in an old house to a room where he encounters an alien being.
Plot
Wade Norton, a young drifter, finds an old man dying by the side of a remote country road. He picks up the man's pocketwatch, which contains a large photo of a young woman. Seeking help, he enters a mansion he sees atop the hill, whose inhabitants are surprisingly unhelpful but uncannily curious about the age of the man whom he found. With the exception of a soulful young woman whose image is in the watch, all seem mean-spirited and uninterested.
Trying to leave through the front door, Norton is forced backward and upstairs by a mysterious compulsion to discover that the house is the lair of an amorphous, gelatinous alien being who is keeping the group of desperate humans suspended in time until it can comprehend the disposition of humanity. It interrogates him then returns him to the group residing in the house where he is to learn the reason for their captivity.
The young woman, knowing the potential fate of the drifter, leads Norton to an escape route, which is through a gate attached to a small cemetery plot accessible from the mansion. However, she discloses to him that she cannot accompany him through the gate because all her years will catch up with her, and she will die. Thus, the drifter chooses to remain with her in spite of the warnings. As she realizes he will be trapped among them for eternity, she departs through the gate herself and, having eschewed her protection from the passage of time, withers and turns to dust. The observing alien has found the factors missing in its equation: love and self-sacrifice. Releasing Norton, who has discovered in himself hope, it proceeds to deconstruct the house and destroy its tenants. The mansion returns momentarily to its true appearance, that of a rock shaped like an enormous brain, and then disappears.
Notes
This episode has no opening or closing narration by the Control Voice.
Background
Donald S. Sanford was hired by Lou Morheim on the strength of his work on the Boris Karloff anthology series Thriller, for which he had scripted fifteen episodes including 'The Incredible Dr. Markesan' and 'The Cheaters', as Joseph Stefano had been looking for story material with a heavy emphasis on the Gothic to provide director Curtis Harrington with an 'Outer Limits' episode. (Harrington had directed the low-budget film Night Tide, an offbeat version of the Lorelei myth, in 1961 which had impressed Stefano.) A script by Charles Beaumont was given to Sanford for revision, though in the end Sanford came up with his own more Gothic plot, Harrington backed out and Paul Stanley directed.
Charles Beaumont, who had written many memorable episodes of The Twilight Zone, sold Joseph Stefano a script titled "An Ordinary Town" (dated Jan 3 1964), which was quite similar to a Twilight Zone episode he had written the previous year titled "Valley of the Shadow", in which a newspaper man, Philip Redfield, is trapped in an isolated rural town that keeps the benefits of a wondrous technology (possibly brought by aliens) to itself. "An Ordinary Town" substitutes Redfield with two protagonists and makes the alien influence a gigantic brain that controls the town. The only thing carried over from Beaumont's script to Sanford's is the shot of the enormous brain sitting atop a hill where a mansion should be. Everything else in 'The Guests' is Sanford's own story.
Sanford's script needed so little revision that Stefano neglected to add on the customary Control Voice speeches.
Cast
References
External links
"The Guests" appreciation by Mark Holcomb
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Guests%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
San Giorgio in Velabro is a church in Rome, Italy, dedicated to St. George.
The church is located next to the Arch of Janus in the rione of Ripa in the ancient Roman Velabrum. According to the founding legend of Rome, the church was built where Roman history began: it is near here that the mythical she-wolf found the mythical babies, Romulus and Remus. The façade of the church encroaches upon and incorporates the ancient Arcus Argentariorum.
San Giorgio in Velabro is the station church for the first Thursday in Lent.
History
An inscription, dated in 461 or 482, found in the catacombs of St. Callixtus, probably refers of a church in the same zone, "LOCVS AVGVSTI LECTORIS DE BELABRV", though there is nothing to connect the lector with S. Giorgio.
The first religious building attested in the place of the current church is a diaconia, funded by Pope Gregory I. In September or October 598, Pope Gregory wrote to the abbot Marinianus, that, since his monastery was next door to the church of Saint George «Ad sedem», and since the church had fallen into decay, he granted the church to the monastery provided that they repair and keep up the premises, and solemnly observe the liturgical offices. This has been taken as a reference to S. Giorgio in Velabro, though, as Batiffol points out, nowhere else is the phrase «Ad sedem» connected with the Velabrum or San Giorgio. Additionally, the restoration of the church is to be for the purpose of liturgical celebrations, and is to belong to the monastery in perpetuity, not to a cardinal deacon for diaconal activities.
The current church was built during the 7th century, possibly by Pope Leo II (682–683), who dedicated it to Saint Sebastian. The church's plan is irregular, indeed slightly trapezoidal, as a result of the frequent additions to the building. As can be seen from the lower photograph, the interior columns are almost randomly arranged having been taken from sundry Roman temples.
The church was inside the Greek quarter of Rome, where Greek-speaking merchants, civil and military officers and monks of the Byzantine Empire lived — the nearby Santa Maria in Cosmedin, for example, was known as in Schola Graeca at the time. Pope Zachary (741-752), who was of Greek origin, moved the relic of St. George to here from Cappadocia, so that this saint had a church dedicated in the West well before the spreading of his worship with the return of the Crusaders from the East.
In 1347, the Roman patriot Cola Di Rienzo posted a manifesto announcing the liberation of Rome on the doors of this church.
Restorations
After a restoration of Pope Gregory IV (9th century), the church received the addition of the portico and of the tower bell in the first half of the 13th century. The apse was decorated with frescoes by Pietro Cavallini in the 13th century.
Between 1923 and 1926, the Superintendent of Monuments of Rome, Antonio Muñoz, completed a more radical restoration programme, with the aim of restoring the building's "medieval character" and freeing it from later additions. This was done by returning the floor to its original level (and so exposing the column bases) reopening the ancient windows that gave light to the central nave, restoring the apsis, and generally removing numerous accretions from the other most recent restorations. During this process, fragments (now displayed on the internal walls) were found, which indicated that a schola cantorum had existed on the site, which could be attributed to the period of Pope Gregory IV.
Car bomb
The building as we see it today is largely a product of the 1920s restoration. However, the explosion, at midnight on 27 July 1993, of a car bomb parked close to the facade, required five years' further restoration. That explosion caused no fatalities but left the 12th century portico almost totally collapsed and blew a large opening into the wall of the main church. Serious damage was also inflicted on the residence next door of the Generalate of the Crosiers (Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross). The Ministry of Cultural Heritage catalogued what was damaged or destroyed, placing the fragments in 1050 crates. Experts researched dates and locational references before restoring the building with them, although some details, particularly in the portico, were deliberately left unrestored as a memorial to the bombing.
Cardinal-Deacons
The church was established as a Deaconry in the reign of Pope Gregory I (590–604).
Roscemanno, O.S.B.Cas. (c. 1112 – c. 1128))
Odo (1132–1161)
Gerardus (1162) (a creation of Victor IV)
Manfred (1163–1173)
Rainerius (1175–1182)
Radulfus Nigellus (1185–c. 1190)
Gregorius de Monte Carello (1190–1210)
Bertinus (Bertramus) (1212–1216)
Pietro Capuano iuniore (1219–1236)
Petrus Capoccius (1244–1250)
Gaufridus of Alatri (1261–1287)
Petrus Peregressus (1288–1289)
Giacomo Stefaneschi (1295–1341)
Giovanni de Caramagno (1350–1361)
Guillaume Bragose (1361–1362)
Jacobus Orsini (1371–1379) (Avignon Obedience, in 1378)
Perinus Tomacelli (1381–1385) (Roman Obedience)
Pierre de Luxembourg (1384–1387) (Avignon Obedience)
Galeozzo Tarlati de Petramala (1388–1400) (Avignon Obedience)
Michael de Salva (1404–1406) (Avignon Obedience)
Carolus de Urries (1408–1420) (Avignon Obedience)
Oddone Colonna (1405–1417), later Pope Martin V.
Prospero Colonna (1426–1463)
vacant
Raffaele Riario (1477–1480)
vacant
Franciotto Orsini (1517–1519)
Girolamo Grimaldi (1528–1543)
Girolamo Recanati de Capodiferro (1545–1559)
Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni (1560–1565)
Markus Sitticus von Hohenems Altemps (1565–1577)
Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga (1578–1583)
Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora (1584–1585)
Benedetto Giustiniani (1587, Jan.–Sept.)
Ottavio Acquaviva d'Aragona (1591–1593)
Cinzio Aldobrandini (1593–1605)
Orazio Maffei (1606–1607)
Giacomo Serra (1611–1615)
Pietro Maria Borghese (1624–1626)
Giovanni Stefano Donghi (1643–1655)
Paolo Emilio Rondinini (1655–1656)
Giancarlo de' Medici (1656–1663)
Angelo Celsi (1664–1668)
Paolo Savelli (1669–1670; 1678–1683)
Sigismondo Chigi (1670–1678)
Fulvio Astalli (1686–1688)
Gasparo Cavalieri (1688–1689)
Giuseppe Renato Imperiali (1690–1726–1732)
Agapito Mosca (1732–1743)
Prospero Colonna di Sciarra (1743–1756)
Niccolò Perelli (1759–1772)
Antonio Casali (1773–1777)
Romoaldo Guidi (1778–1780)
Vincenzo Maria Altieri (1781–1787)
Giovanni Rinuccini (1794–1801)
vacant
Tommaso Riario Sforza (1823)
vacant
Giuseppe Ugolini (1838)
vacant
Francesco de' Medici di Ottaiano (1856–1857)
vacant
Antonio Matteucci (1866)
vacant
Tommaso Martinelli (1874–1875)
John Henry Newman (1879–1890)
vacant
Francis Aidan Gasquet (1914–1915)
Luigi Sincero (1923–1928–1933)
Giovanni Mercati (1936–1957)
André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien (1958–1964)
Benno Gut, O.S.B. (1967–1970)
Sergio Pignedoli (1973–1980)
Alfons Maria Stickler (1985–1996–2007)
Gianfranco Ravasi (2010-2021– )
See also
St George's Church (disambiguation), for a list of other churches worldwide of the same name.
References
Bibliography
Batiffol, Pierre (1887), "Inscriptions byzantines de St-Georges au Vélabre," Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire VII (Paris: E. Thorin 1887), pp. 419-431.
Cozza-Luzi, Giuseppe (1899), "Velabrensia. Studio storico critico sulla chiesa di S. Giorgio in Velabro. Sue memorie ed epigrafe," Bessarione Anno IV, Vol. VI (Roma: E. Loescher 1899), pp. 58-95.
Federico di San Pietro, Memorie istoriche del sacro tempio, o sia Diaconia di San Giorgio in Velabro (Roma: Paolo Giunchi 1791).
Giannettini, A. and C. Venanzi, S. Giorgio al Velabro (Roma: Marietti, 1967).
Gurco, Maria Grazia (2003). "The Church of St. George in Velabrum in Rome: techniques of construction, materials and historical transformations," Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History (ed. Santiago Huerta) (Madrid 2003) Vol. 3, pp. 2009-2013.
Antonio Muñoz (1935). Il restauro della basilica di S. Giorgio al Velabro in Roma (Roma: Società editrice d'arte illustrata, 1926).
External links
Sketch of S. Giorgio (ca. 1900)
High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of San Giorgio in Velabro | Art Atlas
The History of the Church of San Giorgio in Velabro
Giorgio
9th-century churches in Italy
Giorgio Velabro
9th-century establishments in Italy
Religious buildings and structures completed in 847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Giorgio%20in%20Velabro |
"Fun and Games" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 30 March 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
Plot
Mike Benson, ex-boxer and small-time crook, and Laura Hanley, a divorcee, each emotionally wounded by life, are abducted at critical points in their lives by The Senator, a sporting alien representing the citizens of the planet Andera. The Anderans have overcome war, pestilence, avarice and envy, are no longer driven by wants and needs, and find that their lives have become quite stagnant; therefore, they replace their boredom with a constant supply of "fun & games". Mike and Laura are "electroported" to an arena planet where they are to be pitted in mortal combat against two primitive aliens from the Calco galaxy for the entertainment of the jaded audience on Andera. The goal of the tournament is species survival; the home planet of the losing team will be obliterated in a cataclysmic display lasting five years for the further enjoyment of the citizens of Andera. During the combat, Mike and Laura learn to function as a team. When the male Calco alien, having killed its mate to double its own food supply, confronts Mike on a footbridge over a river of lava, Laura kills the creature with its own saw-bladed boomerang. Mike, hanging by his fingertips and weakened by the ordeal, finally falls off the bridge into the lava. Laura, believing Mike to be dead, mourning his passing and praising his efforts in defending the human race from extinction, is informed by The Senator that since the alien perished in the lava first, Mike's life was spared, and they are declared the winners, thus saving Earth. In that split second, they are electroported to safety, unaware of what had transpired and free to resume their mundane lives.
Background
Robert Specht's original script titled 'Natural Selection' was slightly different. Here Mike Adams, a computer expert for the U.N., walks through his office door into a black vortex and meets Em, a powerfully-built alien who remains in the darkness unseen. He tells Mike that he is Specimen #172, and that he is to be tested. Mike meets Loris Harper, a medical missionary worker, that Em has kept prisoner for two days, and they both fight off a jellyfish monster as their first test. After further tests, he is satisfied they are hardy survivalists.
Em tells them his homeworld is equidistant between Earth and Andera. One planet will have its population exterminated to make room for the overspill from Em's world. Mike and Loris are to fight two Andrites on an arena planet, armed only with pistols that fire explosive charges. The male Andrite kills his partner, and Mike pretends to do the same to lure it out of hiding. Mike trips a snare, is hit by a spear, loses his pistol and falls over the edge of a cliff. As he hangs there bleeding the Andrite emerges and Loris shoots it dead with the pistol Mike dropped. Later, Mike tells Em that his kind could colonize Earth peacefully, believing Em's race is not dissimilar to humans. Em says, "Unfortunately, we are." as he steps into the light, revealing his true appearance; that of an intelligent ape.
Joseph Stefano rewrote 'Natural Selection' as there were too many costly aliens and visual effects called for, and that the testing procedures endured by Mike were too complicated, redundant or riddled with technical gibberish. He also felt Em's revelation as an ape was too similar to the end of another episode, "The Sixth Finger", and that The Outer Limits did not need another Earth take-over story.
The story is very similar to a subsequent Star Trek episode titled "Arena". The plots of both Specht and Stefano's scripts also have elements in common with "Arena", the 1944 short story by Fredric Brown on which the Star Trek episode is based; it may have inspired Specht's story, but Stefano had not read it.
The Calco Alien mask (without its bulging eyes) and the taloned hands, made by Projects Unlimited, were reused (with an added hairy bodysuit) in the Star Trek pilot "The Cage". When Captain Pike attempts to strangle the Keeper he causes Pike to hallucinate that he is strangling a ferocious hairy alien instead (the creature is also seen in another cage near Pike's when he first awakes in captivity).
This episode has no closing narration.
Cast
Production
Fun and Games was another episode that, when assembled, ran short of the standard running time. In this case Joseph Stefano was able to stretch the minimal footage, shot by Gerd Oswald, in the editing suite at KTTV. Thanks to the plot, which keeps jumping back to the murder of the Poker Dealer, Mike's frantic search for a place to hide in Laura's apartment building is seen three times, and many of the shots on the Arena planet are seen twice. When Laura is "electroported" the second time it is the same footage used for her first trip.
MGM's Backlot #3, the Tarzan Forest, was used for the exterior shots of the arena planet.
References
External links
"Fun and Games" appreciation by David C. Holcomb
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Fiction about death games
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fun%20and%20Games%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
"The Special One" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 6 April 1964, during the first season.
Introduction
A man confronts Mr. Zeno, a mysterious educator who seems to have alienated his son's affections. Mr. Zeno apparently uses his mental ability to make the man jump out of the window against his will.
Plot
Roy Benjamin and his wife, Aggie, are delighted, but puzzled when they meet Mr. Zeno, who explains that he is a government educator sent to cultivate the mind of their gifted son, Kenny. Roy becomes worried, however, when he discovers that Kenny is learning things that are not accepted by earthly science, including a device given to Kenny by Mr. Zeno that has the ability to control weather patterns. When Roy discovers that the government's Educational Enrichment program knows nothing about Mr. Zeno, he confronts the educator, only to discover that he is an alien, re-educating children in a plot to take over the world. Kenny now has super-human knowledge, and even possesses a few mental powers, having seemingly become loyal to the alien. Nonetheless, it is revealed in the end that Kenny knew of Mr. Zeno's plans since the beginning (Zeno having believed children to be more easily impressionable and more gullible than adults), and decided to feign loyalty in order to better thwart them. Managing to render the alien powerless by using the sound-wave-powered weather machine against him, removing the essential element from the atmosphere that would enable his kind to survive on Earth, Kenny forces Mr. Zeno to retreat back to his homeworld, Venon, thus ruining the alien's plans of conquest.
Closing narration
The mold of a man stems from the mind of a child. Educators and emperors have known this from time immemorial. So have tyrants.
Cast
Notes
This episode has no opening narration.
The pre-title sequence for this episode is not a "teaser" preview of an upcoming scene, but a unique introductory sequence. It was written by Joseph Stefano to lengthen the running time of the show, which came up short.
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Oliver Crawford
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Special%20One%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Oud-Zuilen is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Stichtse Vecht, and lies about 4 km northwest of Utrecht. It is in an area called the "Vechtstreek". Zuylen Castle is located in the village.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1200 as Sulen and maybe in 1169 as well. The etymology is unclear. It is called Oud (old) to distinguish from Zuilen which is nowadays a neighbourhood of the city of Utrecht. Oud-Zuilen started as a little village probably near the castle.
Zuylen Castle dates from at least 1178, and the wooden castle Tule from 883 could have been its predecessor. The van Borselen family who owned the castle were in dispute with the city of Utrecht, and the castle was destroyed in 1422 by angry citizens. In 1520, the castle was rebuilt. The current castle dates from the 18th century and is now a museum.
A chapel in Oud-Zuilen was first mentioned in 1050. The Dutch Reformed Church was built in 1654, but lost in a fire in 1847, however some parts like the cartouches were salvaged. In 1840, Oud-Zuilen was home to 318 people. In 1954, the municipality was dissolved. Oud-Zuilen and the hamlet Oostwaard were transferred to Maarssen, and the remainder became a neighbourhood of Utrecht.
There are two wind mills in Oud-Zuilen. The Westbroekse Molen is a polder mill from 1753. In 1947, a Diesel engine was installed to pump the excess water, however it frequently failed. The pumping station Van Eijkgemaal was built between 1970 and 1971 as a replacement, and the wind mill was sold in 1974. In 1983, it was restored and has been recommissioned as a backup system. The Buitenwegse Molen dates from 1830, and is a so-called wipmolen. It was also in use as a polder mill, and remained a backup after the pumping station was built. In 2016, it was severely damaged by fire, and restored in 2017-2018.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Stichtse Vecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Zuilen |
Bean salad is a common cold salad composed of various cooked beans – typically green, wax, kidney, and/or lima beans - tossed in a sweet-sour vinaigrette. Variant ingredients include fresh raw onions, bell pepper, and/or other cooked or raw vegetables, such as chickpeas.
Bean salad can also be prepared as a pickled dish, making it a popular choice for home canning. Salads prepared with this method should be used within a year for best quality.
Cultures around the world have their own version of bean salad. Balela is a Middle Eastern salad that typically uses chickpeas and black beans with tomatoes, herbs, parsley, and lemon juice. South American bean salad features poroto beans with tomatoes, parsley, oil and vinegar, and is served with grilled steak.
The dish is commonly known in the United States as "three-bean salad". The generic term “bean salad” may also include a starch such as barley, pasta, rice, or quinoa.
History
Since at least the 19th century, salads using cooked beans have been commonly used for eating outside at parks and outings.
Preparation and storage
The principal ingredients, the beans, have already been cooked and the vinaigrette helps to temporarily preserve the dish without refrigeration. If refrigerated, bean salad can last between three and five days and should be discarded when left out more than two hours. The absence of meat or dairy products in most recipes also allows this dish to keep longer than other food items that require consistent refrigeration and sealed storage.
See also
References
Salads
Legume dishes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean%20salad |
Tienhoven is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Stichtse Vecht, and lies about north of Utrecht.
Tienhoven was a separate municipality until 1957, when it was merged with Maarssen.
The village was first mentioned in 1243 as "decem mansorum sitorum in Marsenvene", and means "ten parcels of land (in the moorland of Maarssen)" which were sold by Herman van Maarssen to the chapter of Saint Peter. Tienhoven started as a peat excavation village to the east of the Vecht River. In 1812, the church, the clergy house and nine other houses burnt down. In 1813, a new church was rebuilt. In 1840, it was home to 346 people. On 14 May 1940, after the German invasion, the land was inundated and the villagers were evacuated to Twisk. They returned after the capitulation on 20 May, and were able to pump the water away thereby limiting the damage caused.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province)
Stichtse Vecht | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tienhoven%2C%20Stichtse%20Vecht |
The Goiânia Microregion is a region in central Goiás state, Brazil. It includes 17 municipalities with a population of 2,032,305 (2007) in a total area of 6,848.00 km2.
The most important cities are Goiânia (1,244.645 inhabitants), Aparecida de Goiânia (475,303 inhabitants), and Trindade (97,491 inhabitants).
The smallest municipality in population is Santo Antônio de Goiás with 3,893 inhabitants.
The largest municipality in area is Bela Vista de Goiás with 1,280.9 km2. The smallest is Terezópolis de Goiás with 107.3 km2.
Municipalities
The microregion consists of the following municipalities:
Abadia de Goiás
Aparecida de Goiânia
Aragoiânia
Bela Vista de Goiás
Bonfinópolis
Caldazinha
Goianápolis
Goiânia
Goianira
Guapó
Hidrolândia
Leopoldo de Bulhões
Nerópolis
Santo Antônio de Goiás
Senador Canedo
Terezópolis de Goiás
Trindade
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Microregions of Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microregion%20of%20Goi%C3%A2nia |
"A Feasibility Study" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 13 April 1964, during the first season. It was remade in 1997 as part of the revived The Outer Limits series with a minor title change: "Feasibility Study".
Opening narration
The planet Luminos: A minor planet, sultry and simmering. Incapacitated. Earth scientists have concluded that there could be no life on Luminos, that it is too close to its own sun, and that its inhabitants would be victimized by their own blighting atmosphere. But there is life on Luminos — life that should resemble ours, but doesn't. Desperate life, suffering a great and terrible need. The Luminoids have begun to search the universe in an effort to gratify that need. They seek a planet on which life is healthy, vibrant, strong, and mobile. They need such people to do their work, to labor and slave for them, to manufacture their splendored dreams. The Luminoids need slaves, and they have chosen the planet off which their slaves will be abducted. Not too many at first, a neighborhood-full, perhaps. A neighborhood like mine or yours. Those who will be abducted sleep in dreamy ignorance, unaware that they are about to become the subjects of a grotesque and sophisticated experiment... a feasibility study.
Plot
A six-block suburban area –people and all– is teleported to Luminos. The Luminoids will study the feasibility of enslaving humans because Luminoids suffer from a genetic disease which condemns them to become as immobile as rocks as they age.
Eventually, a suburbanite is introduced to the hideous Luminoid rulers, who reveal their plans and that the punishment for disobedience is to be touched by a Luminoid and thereby contract their terrible disease.
The humans realize that they've been trapped with no chance of returning home. They accept that their former lives are over. Even submission to the Luminoids would not prevent inadvertent infection. All that's left is defiance and protecting the rest of humanity back on Earth. In a moving final scene, they willfully contract the disease from each other, thus choosing death over slavery, and rendering the Luminoids' experiment inconclusive. The abduction of the human race is proven infeasible, and abandoned.
Closing narration
"Do not enter upon or cross this area. Do not touch or remove possibly radioactive dirt or rocks. If you have any knowledge concerning this disappearance, please contact your nearest police department." It could have happened to any neighborhood. Had those who lived in this one been less human, less brave, it would have happened to all the neighborhoods of the Earth. Feasibility study ended. Abduction of human race: Infeasible.
Cast
External links
Episode review by Mark and David Holcomb
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Television episodes about alien abduction
Television episodes about slavery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Feasibility%20Study |
"Production and Decay of Strange Particles" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 20 April 1964, during the first season.
In a nuclear research plant, although the workers wear radiation suits, they are taken over by some odd glowing substance. It fills their suits and causes them to act like puppets.
The episode mentions many modern physics concepts such as neutrinos, antimatter, quasi-stellar objects (at that time just discovered and perhaps mentioned here in TV fiction for the first time) and subatomic particles with the property of "strangeness" (a quantum property of matter which had been named only a few years before by physicists, despite objection at the time that it was no more "strange" or odd than any other property of subatomic particles). The episode name echoes a Physical Review paper of 1956, titled "Cloud-Chamber Study of the Production and Decay of Strange Particles."
Opening narration
In recent years, nuclear physicists have discovered a strange world of subatomic particles, fragments of atoms smaller than the imagination can picture, fragments of materials which do not obey the laws of gravity. Antimatter composed of inside-out material; shadow-matter that can penetrate ten miles of lead shielding. Hidden deep in the heart of strange new elements are secrets beyond human understanding – new powers, new dimensions, worlds within worlds, unknown.
Plot
A well-crafted riff on Frankenstein. While experimenting on subatomic particles, physics researchers start a chain reaction that seemingly controls the researchers themselves. Scientist after scientist is consumed, turned into nuclear 'zombies' by what seems to be a form of sentient particle from another dimension. The reaction grows towards a terrible climax. The survivors fear they may be powerless to stop it. Just as the ever-expanding particles are about to engulf the lab and explode into an atomic cataclysm that could destroy the world, the head of the research facility calculates a formula that reverses the effects of the reaction, incorporates a random element, and neutralizes the new lifeform.
Closing narration
As Man explores the secrets of the universe, strange and inscrutable powers await him. And whether these powers are to become forces of destruction or forces of construction will ultimately depend upon simple but profound human qualities: Inspiration. Integrity. Courage.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Physics in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production%20and%20Decay%20of%20Strange%20Particles |
Bob Cassidy (born 1949, Kearny, New Jersey – 24 February 2017) was an American mentalist, speaker and author of books in the field, including The Art of Mentalism (1983), The Principia Mentalia (1994), and The Artful Mentalism of Bob Cassidy (2004).
Society
In 1978 Cassidy, and fellow mentalists Tony Raven, Scott Gordon, Mary Lynn, and Dian Buehlmeier, founded the Psychic Entertainers Association, a mentalism international professional society.
Awards
1996 David Lederman Memorial Award for Creativity in Mentalism
2011 Dunninger Memorial Award for Distinguished Professionalism in the Performance of Mentalism
Books
Pseudo-Mentally Yours (1977)
The Art of Mentalism (1983)
Principia Mentalia, Vol. 1 & 2 (1996)
The Art of Mentalism, Vol. 2 (1996)
References
External links
Video clips of Bob Cassidy in performance
His author page
1949 births
Living people
Mentalists
People from Kearny, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Cassidy |
Club Deportivo Baza was a Spanish football team based in Baza, Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1970, it last played in Primera Andaluza, and held home matches at Estadio Constantino Navarro, with a capacity of 4,500 seats.
In 2016, the club was dissolved, and two new clubs were founded in its place: CD Atlético Baza 2016 (founded in 2016, also folded in 2018) and CD Ciudad de Baza CP 2017 (founded in 2017).
Season to season
3 seasons in Segunda División B
19 seasons in Tercera División
Notable players
Juan Pablo Vojvoda
Kaster Bindoumou
Prince Asubonteng
Aldo Adorno
Rubén Pazos
Álvaro del Moral
External links
Official blog
lapreferente.com profile
futbolme.com profile
Football clubs in Andalusia
Association football clubs established in 1970
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol clubs
1970 establishments in Spain
Association football clubs disestablished in 2016
2016 disestablishments in Spain
Province of Granada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD%20Baza |
Vikramaditya VI (r. 1076 – 1126 CE) became the Western Chalukya King after deposing his elder brother Someshvara II, a political move he made by gaining the support of Chalukya vassals during the Chola invasion of Chalukya territory. Vikramaditya's reign is marked with the abolishment of the Saka era and the start of the Chalukya-Vikrama era. He was the greatest of the Western Chalukya kings and had the longest reign in the dynasty. He earned the title Permadideva and Tribhuvanamalla (lit "lord of three worlds"). He had several queens who ably assisted him in administration. One of his queens, Chandala Devi, a princess from the Shilahara ruling family of Karad was called Abhinava Saraswati for her skills as an artist. Queen Kethala Devi administered the Siruguppa region and Savala Devi was in charge of an Agrahara in Naregal. According to the historian Kamath, Vikramaditya VI was a "great king who ruled over South India" and he finds a "pride of place in Karnataka history". More inscriptions in Kannada are attributed to Vikramaditya VI than any other king prior to the Vijayanagara era.
Vikramaditya VI is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. In Kannada, his brother prince Kirtivarma wrote Govaidya on veterinary science and the poet Brahmashiva wrote Samayaparikshe ("Analysis of the doctrine", c. 1125) and received the title Kavi Chakravarti (lit, "Emperor among poets") Noted Sanskrit scholars such as Bilhana who earned the title Vidyapati ("pundit") came to his court from faraway Kashmir and wrote a panegyric on the life of his patron king in Vikramankadevacharita. The poet compared his rule to Ramarajya ("Rama's Kingdom"). Vijnaneshwara the noted jurist in his court wrote Mitakshara, a commentary on Yagnavalkya Smriti (on Hindu family law). Of the king he wrote "A King like Vikramarka is neither to be seen nor heard of". Vikramaditya VI is known to be a Shaiva by faith. His rule saw prolific temple building activity. Notable constructions include the Mallikarjuna temple, the Mahadeva temple the Kaitabheshvara temple and the Kalleshvara temple. According to historian Sen, the 50-year reign of Vikramaditya VI was overall a peaceful and prosperous one. Sen estimates at his peak Vikramaditya VI controlled a vast empire stretching from the Tumkur district and Cuddapah in the south to the Narmada river in the north, and up to the Khammam district and the Godavari district in the east and south-east.
Vikramaditya's rebellion, rise to power and Chola relations
Vikramaditya displayed his military ambitions even as a prince, prior to 1068, during the rule of his father Someshvara I when he led successful military campaigns as far east as modern Bihar and Bengal. After his father's death, as soon as his elder brother prince Someshvara II who administered the Belavola-300 and Puligere-300 provinces came to the throne, Vikramaditya VI started to plan to overthrow him and contend with the growing Chola power. He achieved his ends with skillful opportunism and diplomacy: by making use of the Chola invasion of Gutti and Kampili and striking diplomatic relations with Virarajendra Chola, gaining the support his younger brother Jayasimha and of the Chalukya feudatories, the Pandyas of Ucchangi, the Seuna, the Hoysalas of Malnad, the Kadambas of Konkan and Hangal. Someshvara II had the support of the Kulothunga Chola I (also called Rajendra II of the Eastern Chalukya-Chola royal family of Vengi) and the Kadambas of Goa. This sudden change in diplomatic relations practically bifurcated the Chalukya kingdom into two halves, giving Vikramaditya VI independent rule over the southern half (Gangavadi). Vikramaditya married one of Virarajendra Chola's daughters bringing an age-old feud between the two kingdoms to a temporary end.
The balance of power changed again in 1069 with the death of Virarajendra Chola. Vikramaditya VI proceeded via Kanchi where he quelled a rebellion and installed his younger brother-in-law Athirajendra Chola on the throne at Gangaikonda Cholapuram. But this went against the designs of Kulottunga Chola I who had plans of his own. Kulothunga expelled the Vengi ruler Vijayaditya. In a civil uprising in the Chola capital, Athirajendra was killed making way for Kulothunga Chola I to crown himself the monarch of the Chola empire. In 1070-72, when Vijayabahu revolted to rid Ceylon of the Chola rule and succeeded, Vikramaditya VI wasted no time in declaring the new king of Ceylon his "natural ally". By 1076, despite being surrounded by enemies at home (Someshvara II) and in Vengi and Chola country (Kulothunga Chola I), Vikramaditya VI successfully defeated his elder brother and took him captive. He then crowned himself the Chalukya monarch and began a new era, the Vikrama Varsha.
Hoysala threat
There was a rebellion by the emperor's younger brother Jayasimha, the viceroy of Banavasi, around c.1080-1082 which was quelled and the rebel pardoned. The real threat, however, was from the Hoysala dynasty who rose to prominence from the Malnad region in modern Karnataka. Their territory effectively acted as a buffer between the Chalukya and Chola kingdoms. For several decades, the Hoysalas had been faithful vassals of the Chalukyas. King Someshvara I (Vikramaditya's father) had taken a Hoysala princess as his queen. The Hoysala kings Vinayaditya, Ereyanga and Veera Ballala I had maintained cordial relations with Vikramaditya VI. But Ballala I's younger brother Vishnuvardhana, who according to historians Sastri and Kamath was a "great warrior" and an ambitious ruler had expansionist plans. He had the support of the Pandya ruler of Ucchangi and Kadamba king Jayakesi II of Goa. The Hoysalas under Vishnuvardhana began to expand their territory initially by defeating the Cholas in the famous battle of Talakad in 1116 resulting in the Hoysala annexation of Gangavadi (part of modern Southern Karnataka). It was only when Vishnuvardhana turned his attention to the north, conquered Nolambavadi, marched beyond the Tungabhadra river and reached Ballary and Kummata that Vikramaditya VI saw an imminent threat to his power. The Chalukya emperor dispatched his trusted generals Achugi II and Permadi of the Sinda family of Yerambarge (or Yelburga) to deal with the situation. After several pitched battles in Goa, Kannegala, Halasur and Hosavidu between c.1117-1122, Vishnuvardhana and his supporters had to accept Chalukya suzerainty.
Success in Chola and Gurjara country
From the beginning of his rule, Vikramaditya VI maintained the policy of interference in the affairs of Vengi and Kanchi. He invaded and captured Kanchi in 1085 and held it for a few years. He managed to conquer parts of Vengi in 1088. He held the Kollipakei-7000 province of Vengi for many years. Vengi came under his rule again from 1093 to 1099. The Cholas re-captured it in 1099. In 1115 Kulothunga Chola I recalled his son Vikrama Chola who was the viceroy of Vengi to focus on affairs in Kanchi. Encouraged by the Hoysala success against the Cholas at Talakad and utilising the vacuum in the leadership in Vengi, Vikramaditya VI sent his famous general Anantapala to invade Vengi which was duly conquered and came under his rule from 1118 to 1124. Western Chalukyan commanders are seen controlling some other parts of Telugu country also and the Chola influence over Vengi disappeared for many years. After Vikramaditya's death in 1126, the Cholas began a slow process of encroachment over Vengi. By 1133 Vikrama Chola was able to re-capture Vengi from Vikramaditya VI's mild son Someshvara III. Before 1088, Vikramaditya VI subdued the recalcitrant Shilahara King Bhoja I and the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri. He invaded Lata (modern Gujarat), plundered and burnt the royal capital of the Gurjara Chalukya King Karna, and stopped the advances of Kalachuri king Jajjaladeva of Ratnapur. He dealt firmly with the revolting Kadamba feudatory of Goa but gave his daughter Maila Devi in marriage to King Jayakeshi II.
Gallery
See also
Vikrama Chola
Vishnuvardhana Hoysala
The title Vikramaditya
Notes
References
11th-century births
1126 deaths
Western Chalukya Empire
11th-century Indian monarchs
12th-century Indian monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikramaditya%20VI |
Chicken salad is any salad with chicken as a main ingredient. Other common ingredients may include mayonnaise, hard-boiled egg, celery, onion, pepper, pickles (or pickle relish) and a variety of mustards.
Description
In Canada and the United States, "chicken salad" refers to either any salad with chicken, or a specific mixed salad consisting primarily of chopped chicken meat and a binder, such as mayonnaise, salad dressing or cream cheese. Like tuna salad and egg salad, it may be served on top of lettuce, tomato, avocado, or some combination of these. It may also be used for sandwiches. Typically it is made with leftover cooked or canned chicken. It may also refer to a garden salad with fried, grilled, or roasted chicken (usually cut up or diced) on top.
In Europe and Asia, the salad may be complemented by any number of dressings, or no dressing at all, and the salad constituents can vary from traditional leaves and vegetables, to pastas, couscous, noodles or rice.
Early American chicken salad recipes can be found in 19th-century Southern cookbooks, including Sarah Rutledge's The Carolina Housewife: Or, House and Home (1847) and Abby Fisher's What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking (1881). Rutledge details a recipe for "A Salad To Be Eaten With Cold Meat Or Fowl" that explains how to make a mayonnaise from scratch, before adding it to cold meats (chicken and seafood).
Abby Fisher similarly describes making a homemade mayonnaise, before adding it to chicken and white celery.
One of the first American forms of chicken salad was served by Town Meats in Wakefield, Rhode Island, in 1863. The original owner, Liam Gray, mixed his leftover chicken with mayonnaise, tarragon, and grapes. This became such a popular item that the meat market was converted to a delicatessen.
Chicken salad is among the Fourth of July foods listed by The American System of Cookery (1847).
See also
Chicken Salad Chick − a fast casual chain restaurant that specializes in chicken salad
Chicken sandwich
List of chicken dishes
List of sandwiches
Coronation chicken
Chinese chicken salad
References
Salads
Sandwiches
American chicken dishes
Canadian chicken dishes
Chinese chicken dishes
British chicken dishes
British salads
Independence Day (United States) foods | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken%20salad |
José María Gabriel y Galán (28 June 1870, in Frades de la Sierra (Salamanca) - 6 January 1905, in Guijo de Granadilla, Cáceres, España) was a Spanish poet in Castilian and Extremaduran.
He was a teacher in Guijuelo (Salamanca) & Piedrahíta (Ávila). His poetry is quite conservative both in its thematic and its structure: he defended tradition, family, race, catholic dogma or simple rural life.
Life
He was born into a peasant family that owned its own lands. He spent his childhood in his hometown, where he attended school. At 15, he left for Salamanca in order to go on with his studies. His first verses can be traced back to that early period. Simultaneously, he starts working in a textile warehouse.
In 1888, he graduated for being a school teacher and he is assigned a working position in Guijuelo, about 20 km away from his hometown. After a brief stay in Guijuelo, he departs again for Madrid, this time for keeping on with his studies in the Escuela Normal Central ("Normal Central School"). He was to live there for a very short period, for the metropolis caused disgust in him (he actually mentioned it as 'Modernópolis' in some of his letters).
After finishing his studies, he is sent to Piedrahíta (town in the Ávila province), where he puts his newly acquired pedagogic knowledge into practice. Such period of his life is characterised by a gloomy frame of mind, he signed the letters to his friend as "El Solitario" ("The solitary one").
In those years the young teacher develops his characteristic sad and melancholic personality, with profound religious beliefs (which he got from his mother, Bernarda), which can be perceived in his poems.
It wasn't until he met his wife, Desideria, (who she mentions as "Mi vaquerilla" (my little cowgirl)) that he undergoes a radical change, which becomes even deeper from his wedding on, the 26th of January 1898, in Plasencia. He resigns from his job as a teacher and sets up his new residence in Guijo de Granadilla, in the province of Cáceres, where he administers the dehesa El Tejar, property of his wife's uncle. It's there where he can find the time and tranquility for shaping his poetic style. As his first son is born (Jesús, 1898) he writes El Cristu Benditu, the first of his famous Extremeñas.
He died on 6 January 1905, a victim of pneumonia.
The city hall of Guijo de Granadilla currently still maintains the house in which he lived, as a museum devoted to him, where his manuscripts and personal objects are displayed (all of which were donated by his heirs).
Works
His poetry cannot be included within the modernist movement of that time, for it contains many of the more conservative elements present both in the structure and topics of the poems: he defends tradition, family, lineage, catholic dogma or the virtue of the peasant's life. Besides, his poetry contains archaic words aplenty, which had already fallen out of use by that time, which convey manners and customs of a former epoch.
Collections of poems:
Castellanas (1902)
Extremeñas (1902)
Campesinas (1904)
Nuevas Castellanas (1905)
Religiosas (1906)
His works exerted influence on many posterior writers, such as:
Mario Simón Arias-Camisón
Luis Chamizo Trigueros
Miguel y Elisa Herrero Uceda
See also
Las Hurdes
External links
1870 births
1905 deaths
People from the Province of Salamanca
19th-century Spanish poets
Writers from Extremadura
Spanish male poets
19th-century male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Gabriel%20y%20Gal%C3%A1n |
Palatine Chapel may refer to:
Belgium
Gravenkapel in Kortrijk
Germany
Palatine Chapel, Aachen
Italy
in the Palace of Broletto, Brescia
in the Palace of Caserta
in the Royal Palace of Naples
Cappella Palatina in Palermo, Sicily
See also
Royal chapel (disambiguation)
Palatine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine%20Chapel |
ε-Caprolactone or simply caprolactone is a lactone (a cyclic ester) possessing a seven-membered ring. Its name is derived from caproic acid. This colorless liquid is miscible with most organic solvents and water. It was once produced on a large scale as a precursor to caprolactam.
Production and uses
Caprolactone is prepared industrially by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with peracetic acid.
Caprolactone is a monomer used in the production of highly specialised polymers. Ring-opening polymerization, for example, gives polycaprolactone. Another polymer is polyglecaprone, used as suture material in surgery.
Reactions
Although no longer economical, caprolactone was once produced as a precursor to caprolactam. Caprolactone is treated with ammonia at elevated temperatures to give the lactam:
(CH2)5CO2 + NH3 → (CH2)5C(O)NH + H2O
Carbonylation of caprolactone gives, after hydrolysis, pimelic acid. The lactone ring is easily opened with nucleophiles including alcohols and water to give polylactones and eventually the 6-hydroxyadipic acid.
Related compounds
Several other caprolactones are known, including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-caprolactones. All are chiral. (R)-γ-caprolactone is a component of floral scents and of the aromas of some fruits and vegetables, and is also produced by the Khapra beetle as a pheromone. δ-caprolactone is found in heated milk fat.
An ether of caprolactone is used as a binder for AP/AN/Al rocket propellant HTCE: Hydroxy-Terminated Caprolactone Ether
Safety
Caprolactone hydrolyses rapidly and the resulting hydroxycarboxylic acid displays unexceptional toxicity, as is common for the other hydroxycarboxylic acids. It is known to cause severe eye irritation. Exposure may result in corneal injury.
References
Epsilon-lactones
Monomers
Oxepanes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprolactone |
t Goy is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Houten, and lies about 5 km southeast of Houten.
History
It was first mentioned in the 10th century as Upgoa, and means "upper settlement" maybe to distinguish from Het Gooi. 't Goy was an old settlement around a church which was demolished in 1800. Castle Ten Goye was located nearby.
The earliest history of the Castle Ten Goye is unknown. It was first mentioned in 1259, but was a lot older. In 1317, it was besieged by Guy of Avesnes, the Prince-Bishop of Utrecht. Guy took the castle, but died shortly after, and the van Goy family recaptured the castle. Between 1353 and 1355, there was a war between Prince-bishop of Utrecht and the Count of Holland. Ten Goye sided with Holland, and the castle was severely damaged during fighting. In 1356, peace was declared and Utrecht helped finance the rebuilding of the castle. In 1493, the castle is mentioned for the last time and disappeared. In 1970s, parts of the wall were rediscovered.
In 1840, 't Goy was home to 274 people. The Roman Catholic church was built between 1870 and 1871.
Gallery
References
Goy
Houten | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27t%20Goy |
"The Forms of Things Unknown" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on May 4, 1964, and was the final episode of the first season. It was filmed in a dual format as both a regular episode of The Outer Limits and as a pilot episode for a possible series called The Unknown. The opening and closing narration listed here are only in The Unknown version and not in the broadcast The Outer Limits episode. There are plot differences between the two versions as well.
Opening narration (used for The Unknown pilot)
There is a fear that is unlike all other fears. It has a special, clammy chill, a deadly gift for inspiring deeper, darker dread. It is the fear of unentered rooms, of bends in lonely roads. It is the fear of the phone call in the middle of the night, of the stranger you recognize, perhaps from a nightmare. It is the fear of the unexpected, the unfamiliar. It is the fear of... THE UNKNOWN.
Plot
The plot involves two women who kill a blackmailer. Driving through the countryside with the body in the trunk, looking for a good place to bury him, they take refuge from a storm in a house containing a blind man and a strange young inventor who is experimenting with time. Unlike the traditional "time travel" devices, this one is intended to "tilt the cycles of time" and bring the dead back to life...which is what happens to the murdered blackmailer.
Detailed synopsis
The story begins in the French countryside, where a car can be seen driving at high speed. The driver, Andre Pavan a wealthy playboy, is kissing his girlfriend Kassia Paine while Kassia's friend Leonora Edmond sits in the back seat.
Andre decides to stop at a small lake for a swim, stripping down to his swim trunks. He orders the women to make him a drink, and they do so – but lace the cocktail shaker with a leaf from the deadly Thanatos plant. Andre, with jovial cruelty, makes the women serve his drink while he stands in the water, ruining their "fine stilletto heels" as he puts it. He drinks a toast to blackmailing Leonora's father in London, and dies immediately, but with a strange smile on his face.
The women load Andre's corpse and clothing into the trunk of the car and drive in search of a place to bury it. Leonora is unnerved by the whole thing, and becomes more nervous after they encounter a funeral procession. When night falls and a thunderstorm starts, Leonora's nerves are on edge. Kassia tries to calm her, but then the trunk comes open. They stop the car to check on Andre, who hasn't moved. But a lightning flash makes it seem to Leonora as though he had blinked, and she runs off, frightened. Kassia catches up to her and tries again to calm her, but both women see a shadowy figure standing nearby. This is too much for Leonora, who runs to a nearby house. A blind man, Monsieur Colas, answers the door and lets the women in from the storm. Colas explains that "Mr. Hobart" is not at home, but will return soon.
The house is spacious but oddly decorated: the most prominent features are a broken clock with a clown face, and a toy tightrope walker. Leonora seems particularly drawn to the tightrope walker. At last, Tone Hobart, an odd inventor, comes home. He apologizes to the women, explaining it was him they saw outside. He goes upstairs to his room, asking not to be disturbed as he works on his invention. As he opens the door, Andre's corpse can be seen placed on a strange device. Kassia decides to check on the car – and Andre, leaving Leonora alone.
Leonora looks on in mesmerized fascination at the tightrope walker. Hobart enters the room and asks her about what happened to Andre. Leonora answers truthfully, seemingly under hypnosis. When Hobart "snaps her out of it", he invites her upstairs to see Andre live again and be free of her guilt over the murder. He explains he'd created a device that can "tilt" the past into the present and resurrect the dead, including himself. Reluctantly, Leonora agrees to see the device. They come to Hobart's room – which is dominated by the time tilter, a large collection of clocks all connected by wires to a pole in the center of the room. The loud ticking is too much for Leonora, who runs back downstairs and faints. Hobart is more interested in the fact that Andre is not there.
When Leonora awakens, Kassia has returned. Hobart has gone outside to look for Andre – and takes a moment to look through the window from outside, unnervingly. Colas explains, with some indignation, that he is not Hobart's servant, as the women had supposed, but the house's owner, and Hobart is his boarder. Colas explains further that Hobart had apparently died, and when his body was placed on the time tilter, he came back to life.
The women decide to leave but get no further than the front door when they see the car has backed up to the entrance, the trunk opens and a fully-clothed Andre pops out, smiling and holding his empty cocktail glass. He cheerfully asks, "Refill?" This is too much for Leonora, who runs upstairs into what seems to be an empty room. Colas goes outside to find Hobart, and finds him lying in the road between a set of tire tracks, but unhurt. Hobart now realizes that he has unleashed a monster and comes back to the house to correct that mistake.
Surprisingly, Kassia and Andre are kissing passionately. Andre takes a moment to ask how he died, and when Kassia tells him they used a leaf from the Thanatos plant. Andre is still intent on blackmail. Kassia tries to dissuade him as Andre is already rich. Andre replies, "I'm noisy rich. I want to be quiet rich." Kassia says one has to be born to that and comments on Andre's motivations. Andre cheerfully replies, "You've pierced the heart of my psychic disorder," but remains intent on carrying out his plot.
Hobart loads a pistol, intending to force Andre to return to the time tilter. Andre is more amused by this than anything else, especially when Hobart becomes enthralled by the tightrope walker toy, allowing Andre to disarm him. Andre fires a shot into the easy chair, inches from Hobart's head. He tosses the pistol aside, singing "London Bridge is falling down" and drives off with Kassia. They do not get far, though. Kassia leaps out of the car and Andre stops, backs up, and then tries to run over Kassia as she lies in the road. Kassia is able to leap out of the way and the car crashes, killing Andre again, with an odd smile on his face.
Hobart realizes he has failed and goes upstairs, seeing Leonora near an open briefcase. Inside is a letter that Hobart wrote when he was a boy, which Hobart reads to Leonora from memory, apologizing to his father for leaving school to find a way to bring dead people (initially his mother) back to life. (There is an inconsistency here, as the camera clearly shows the words on the letter saying that Hobart actually apologized to his father for "killing the cat".) Hobart asks Leonora to destroy the time tilter after he has used it to return himself to the past, where he is dead. Leonora panics, runs into the time tilter room and closes the door behind her. Hobart is able to open the door and push Leonora away from the device. He steps into it and disappears.
Production
The show was filmed with two endings and was allotted double the normal production time. In the pilot version: Andre reveals there is no Thanatos plant, and was thus not dead; the time tilter did not in fact work; Hobart was not dead but merely in a coma; and lastly, Kassia uses the pistol to kill Hobart, thinking he is attacking Leonora.
Closing narration (used for The Unknown pilot)
Murder, madness, and other lurking horrors are the raw certainties that await you in the depths of the Unknown. And no switch of time, no twist of plan can cancel your meeting with it. For some night, in some blind panic, you will venture into the world of dark reality. And on that night, you will keep your rendez-vous with... THE UNKNOWN.
Technique
The episode is considered an unusual one, even for The Outer Limits. More than almost any other, it is filled with weird camera angles, atmospheric photography, gothic sets, creepy music (much of which surfaced later in the TV series The Invaders), and offbeat writing and performances, giving the episode something of an "art house movie" feel.
Cast
This episode was the final acting role of Sir Cedric Hardwicke. He died on August 6, 1964, three months after this episode aired.
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Joseph Stefano
Television episodes about time travel
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Forms%20of%20Things%20Unknown |
Sudbury () is a suburb in the London Borough of Brent, located in northwest London, United Kingdom. The suburb forms the western part of Wembley and is centred around west of Wembley Central railway station.
Sudbury is a historical area, having once extended from the 'South Manor - Sudbury' (thought to have been on Harrow Hill) to the area that is now known as Wembley Central. Much of the land that once formed Sudbury Common until the 1930s has now been developed as a relatively green residential suburb of London. Much of Sudbury was once in the ownership of the Barham family, who give their name to a number of local landmarks, including Barham School and Barham Park.
Today, Sudbury covers a narrow area with Wembley to its east, North Wembley to its north, Sudbury Hill to the west, and North Greenford, in the London Borough of Ealing, directly south. Its section in the borough of Harrow is around Sudbury Court Drive, which is technically located within North Wembley. It is historically in the County of Middlesex.
History
Early history
Sudbury, in the parish of Harrow, was in the Hundred of Gore in the historic County of Middlesex, and was one of ten hamlets which formed the larger of the Archbishop of Canterbury's two Harrow manors. The road to London and the proximity of Harrow School enhanced its status. Its upkeep was supported in part by Sir John Lyon, founder of Harrow School. In 1842, main train station, Sudbury station opened. On 1 May 1882, the station was renamed to "Sudbury and Wembley". Later, in 1910, "Sudbury and Wembley" was renamed to "Wembley for Sudbury". Finally, in 1948, the station was renamed to "Wembley Central" and it has remained "Wembley Central" ever since.
Georgian era
Wealthy sisters and local philanthropists the Copland Sisters after which many local landmarks from streets to schools were named commissioned Sir George Gilbert Scott, the architect who later designed the Albert Memorial and St Pancras station, to build the Church of St John in 1846 which marks the easterly extent of Sudbury. Opposite is Copland House, now a home for the elderly. The Coplands built Sudbury Lodge in the grounds of their father's home in Crabbs House.
This would later change hands and be owned by another wealthy and philanthropic family; the Barhams. During the late Georgian period Sudbury was the home of the Express Dairy Company Limited run by the Barham Family. It was the first British Dairy to use glass milk bottles, the first to use milk churns and glass lined tanks to carry 30 0000 gallons of milk by train into London every night and one of the first to introduce pasteurisation to sterilise milk. It even supplied milk to Queen Victoria. For his services the owner and managing director George Barham Sr. was knighted in 1904. He died in 1913 leaving his business to his son Titus Barham.
Nineteenth century to modern times
Titus Barham died aged 77 years in 1937. On the day of his death he had been due to be made the first Mayor of the new ward. He left considerable lands for the benefit of the public in this rural area. His former mansion in Barham Park was demolished in 1956. Much of the area originally given over to arable land for use by dairy herds was lost during the interwar period.
Urbanisation began in earnest in the late 19th century with the arrival of the railways. Sudbury town became part of the London commuter belt. The demand for housing was such that within the short interwar period much of the area became urbanised. Despite this it remains a relatively green area mainly due to strict planning control. In 1928 land was given over for the Vale Farm sports fields. There has been a swimming pool on the site since 1932.
Parks and recreation
Barham Park is a landscaped garden dating from the 18th century. The foundations of Sudbury Lodge, formerly the home of George Barham, founder of Express Dairies, still stand amidst his walled gardens. Also in the park is a surviving Georgian building, formerly Crabb's House, which is now used as a library. The park has a floral display, three ponds, a conifer plantation, a large and modern children's play area, and a war memorial.
Sport
Sudbury was the former home of London Wasps rugby union team who moved there in 1923. During the late nineties they relocated to Loftus Road to share with QPR before moving to Buckinghamshire in 2001, and subsequently Coventry in 2014, and the ground at Sudbury Town has been developed for housing. The club house still stands and is still considered the club's spiritual home. A large swimming pool, outdoor tennis courts, cricket pitches and nets, AstroTurf pitches and a sports complex are located at Vale Farm. The complex is also the home ground of Wembley F.C., and contains a stadium with a 2,000 seat capacity. Other sports clubs in the district include Sudbury Golf Club, Sudbury Squash and Tennis Club, and Sudbury Court Running Club.
The Lyons' Sports Club hosted the field hockey preliminaries for the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Historical buildings
In the 19th century Sudbury was a large meadow stretching from Wembley to Harrow Hill. It was dotted by many farm houses and grand residences. A few buildings from this era still remain and a notable example is Hundred Elms Farm of Elms Lane to the North of Sudbury Town. Now a residential care home, the actual building is well maintained but is not open to the public.
Religious buildings
Sudbury Methodist Church is situated opposite Butlers Green, and St. Andrew's Church of England, St. George's Catholic and the Church of St. John the Evangelist are located several hundred yards further up the Harrow Road. St George's is a Grade II-listed building designed by Leonard Williams.
St Andrew's Church started its life in 1904 as a mission church to Harrow Parish Church. The new church was designed by Arnold Mitchell (1863–1944) as part of the Harrow Church Extension Scheme, at a nett cost of £2,000 . The new mission church was dedicated on Wednesday 10 May 1905, by the Suffragan Bishop of Islington, and the first vicar was Reverend A M Bashford who served from 1910 to 1922. The church served as a place of worship until 1926, it is now used as the church hall. In June 1911 plans were laid to build a new church capably of holding 500 parishioners, the foundation stone was laid on 4 April 1925, and the new Church of St Andrew was Consecrated by the Lord Bishop of London on 20 March 1926. The first vicar was the Reverend A. Stone who served the parish from 1922 to 1930. St. Andrews is a Grade II-listed building.
The church of St John was designed by Gilbert Scott and originally built in the 1800s. It has had at least three extensions since then.
Over the past year extensive work has been completed in the Church of St John's. This church, located at the eastern edge of Sudbury where it borders Wembley, dates from the Georgian era.
Through the late 80s and mid 90s, it had fallen into a state of disrepair. Significant subsidence had threatened its foundations. Thanks to charitable works the extensive underpinning work on the historic church has been completed, saving it for future generations. Phase 2 of the restoration contracted to building firm BRICKSTONE has restored the rusted and broken ornate railings and gate to its former glory. Phase 3 involving restoration of the Lychgate was completed in time for the mayoral visit on remembrance Sunday 2009.
Demography
As of the 2011 census, Asian/Asian British: Indian were the largest ethnic group at 31%, followed by Asian/Asian British: Other Asian at 17% and with White: English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British at 11%. After English with 7643 speakers, the next most spoken language is Gujarati with 2072 speakers.
Residents' Association
Sudbury Town Residents' Association (STRA), The aims and objectives of STRA are to serve and encourage wider participation by the community (including the shops) in the restoration of a clean and safe environment within Sudbury. STRA will work closely with Brent Council and other authorities to improve the conditions and safety in the area. STRA is a non-political and non-sectarian organisation.
Notable residents
Nicky Hopkins (1944–1994), musician
Carlo Little (1938–2005), musician
Transport
Neighbouring areas
Underground
Sudbury Town Station, on the Piccadilly line
Sudbury Hill Station, on the Piccadilly line
Rail
Sudbury & Harrow Road Station, on Chiltern Railways
Sudbury Hill Harrow Station, on Chiltern Railways
Road
A404 (Harrow Road, Wembley)
A4005 (Bridgewater Road & Harrow Road, Harrow)
A4127 (Greenford Road & Sudbury Court Drive)
Buses
18 (Euston to Sudbury Swan)
182 (Brent Cross to Harrow Weald)
92 (Ealing hospital to Brent Park IKEA)
H17 (Wembley Central to Harrow Bus Station)
245 (Golders Green to Alperton Sainsbury's)
References
External links
Sudbury Town Residents' Association (STRA)| http://stra.org.uk/
Venues of the 1948 Summer Olympics
Olympic field hockey venues
Areas of London
Districts of the London Borough of Harrow
Districts of the London Borough of Brent
Places formerly in Middlesex | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudbury%2C%20London |
"The Chameleon" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 27 April 1964, during the first season.
Opening narration
"The race of Man is known for its mutability. We can change our moods, our faces, our lives to suit whatever situation confronts us. Adapt and survive. Even among the most changeable of living things, Man is quicksilver-more chameleon-like than the chameleon, determined to survive, no matter what the cost to others... or to himself."
Plot
A flying saucer has landed in a remote part of the United States and wiped out a military patrol sent to investigate. Falsely believing that the saucer contains nuclear material, the authorities decide on a wild scheme: they recruit Louis Mace, a disaffected CIA agent, to infiltrate the ship.
Genetically modified to pass as an alien, Mace finds that he has unique insight into the alien "invaders" nature, the genetic material that has been used to modify his appearance seemingly taking precedence over his human nature. He also begins to question his allegiance, and eventually sides with the aliens, finding out that they're benevolent and have no desire to come in contact with humans in any way, being simply stranded on Earth after their ship's engine broke down.
Accepting to lend their trust to Mace and acknowledging him as one of them, the aliens propose that Mace return to their home planet with them. Torn between his desire to be free and his loyalty towards his superiors, Mace first reacts aggressively, killing one of the two aliens, but he eventually realizes the cruelty of his act and feels remorse for showing these harmless visitors what dark instincts inhabit the human nature. It is also implied that the alien that Mace killed was the one whose DNA had been used to modify Mace's anatomy; effectively making him a duplicate of the creature.
The remaining alien nonetheless forgives him and allows him to leave Earth with them. At first distressed by that choice, Mace's superior eventually allows him to do so, believing this would be a chance for Mace to be at last free of his condition.
Closing narration
"A man's survival can take many shapes, and the shape in which a man finds his humanity is not always a human one."
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 1) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chameleon%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Michael James Duff (born 11 January 1978) is a Northern Irish professional football manager and former player. He is the head coach of Championship club Swansea City.
In a professional playing career spanning from 1996 to 2016, in which he made over 600 appearances, Duff played as a defender for Cheltenham Town, Cirencester Town (on loan) and Burnley, winning three Premier League promotions with the latter. He played in each of the top eight tiers of English football in ascending order. At international level, Duff earned 24 caps for Northern Ireland.
After retiring as a player, Duff coached at Burnley's academy before becoming manager of Cheltenham Town in 2018. In 2021, he led Cheltenham to their first automatic promotion from League Two as champions. He was appointed head coach of Barnsley in 2022, leading them to the League One play-off final in his first season. One month later, Duff was named head coach of Swansea City.
Early life
Duff was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 1978. He moved with his family to Gibraltar and then Germany due to his father's career in the Royal Air Force. They settled in Bedale, North Yorkshire for six years, where Duff attended secondary school.
As a boy, Duff joined the football academies of Nottingham Forest, Darlington and Swindon Town, but was released from all three due to his short stature. At age 11, Duff witnessed the Hillsborough disaster during the 1989 FA Cup semi-final between Forest and Liverpool, which he attended with his father.
Playing career
Cheltenham Town
At 16 years old, Duff played for Carterton Town and was spotted by Cheltenham Town scout Derek Bragg. Duff attended a trial at Cheltenham before making several appearances for their first team in the Southern League.
Following a loan spell at Cirencester Town, Duff returned to Cheltenham when Steve Cotterill took over as manager. In Duff's first full season at the club, Cheltenham were promoted from the Southern League before winning the FA Trophy at Wembley in 1998. The following year, Duff scored a 93rd-minute winning goal against Yeovil Town to promote Cheltenham to the Football League.
Cheltenham won promotion again in 2002, with Duff playing as a centre-back in the team, having previously played right-back. He was named in the 2001–02 Third Division Team of the Year by the Professional Footballers' Association. The same year, Duff earned his first international cap for Northern Ireland. Cheltenham were relegated the following season, but were subsequently promoted back to the Third Division.
Burnley
In 2004, Duff made a £30,000 move to Burnley in the Championship and became a regular starter for the club, spending five consecutive seasons in the Championship. At age 29, he picked up a serious cruciate knee injury against Crystal Palace at Turf Moor during the 2007–08 season. The injury caused him to miss five months of football, but he returned at the end of the season.
The following season, Burnley were promoted to the Premier League after beating Sheffield United in the play-off final. Duff played in the match, which ended Burnley's 33-year absence from the top-flight. After completing his Premier League debut, Duff had played in the top eight tiers of English football.
Burnley were relegated in 2010, but Duff remained with the team. They were promoted again in 2014 before suffering another relegation the following year. Duff retired from playing professionally at the end of the 2015–16 season, aged 38, having helped Burnley win the Championship title and promotion back to the Premier League. As a result, he became the second footballer, after Neil Clement of West Bromwich Albion, to be promoted to the Premier League on three occasions with the same club.
Duff made more than 300 appearances for Burnley. He was capped several times for Northern Ireland as a Burnley player, playing in games such as the 1–0 win over England in 2005 and the 3–2 win over Spain in 2006, before retiring from international football in 2012.
Managerial career
After retiring from playing, Duff coached Burnley's under-18 squad in 2016 before becoming head coach of the under-23 squad in 2017. He also worked with Burnley's first-team, travelling with the squad to several UEFA Europa League matches in 2018.
Cheltenham Town
On 10 September 2018, Duff was appointed manager of his former club Cheltenham Town in League Two, his first managerial position. His first win was a 6–2 victory over Arsenal's under-21s in the EFL Trophy. In his second season, Duff won the League Two Manager of the Month award for September 2019 and February 2020. He won the award in February after Cheltenham achieved 18 points from 21, with the club sitting in fifth place and four points from automatic promotion.
The following season, Duff's Cheltenham hosted Premier League champions Manchester City in the FA Cup. They led City 1–0 before conceding three goals in the final 10 minutes. The same season, Duff secured Cheltenham's first automatic promotion in the Football League with a 1–1 draw against Carlisle United on 27 April 2021. Duff was named the League Two Manager of the Season and Cheltenham finished the season as champions.
Duff then led the club to their highest-ever finish in the Football League at the end of the 2021–22 season; a 15th placed finish in League One. In June 2022, after nearly four years at the club, Duff informed Cheltenham that he wished to depart for new opportunities.
Barnsley
On 15 June 2022, Duff was appointed head coach of recently relegated League One side Barnsley on a three-year deal. Duff won the League One Manager of the Month award for November 2022, with Barnsley winning both of their two league games during the month. He won the award for a second consecutive month after ten points from four matches saw the club rise to fourth in the table.
Duff won the award again in February 2023, with Barnsley having gained 16 points from six matches and remained unbeaten throughout the month. He led the club to the play-off final at the end of the season, losing 1–0 to Sheffield Wednesday in extra time.
Swansea City
Duff was named head coach of Championship club Swansea City on 22 June 2023.
Career statistics
Club
International
Managerial statistics
Honours
As a player
Cheltenham Town
Football League Third Division play-offs: 2002
Football Conference: 1998–99
FA Trophy: 1997–98
Burnley
Championship: 2015–16; runner-up: 2013–14; play-offs: 2009
Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2001–02 Third Division
As a manager
Cheltenham Town
League Two: 2020–21
Individual
League Two Manager of the Season: 2020–21
League One Manager of the Month: November 2022, December 2022, February 2023
League Two Manager of the Month: September 2019, February 2020
References
External links
NIFG profile
1978 births
Living people
Association footballers from Belfast
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland men's B international footballers
Northern Ireland men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Darlington F.C. players
Carterton F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Cirencester Town F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Southern Football League players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Association football managers from Northern Ireland
Cheltenham Town F.C. managers
Barnsley F.C. managers
Swansea City A.F.C. managers
English Football League managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Duff%20%28footballer%29 |
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure performed in dogs and cats as a salvage procedure, to alleviate severe pain in the hip due to, for example, hip dysplasia or irreparable bone fracture. The procedure replaces the head of the femur and the acetabulum with prosthetic implants. Because animals under about carry their own weight with little strain on each leg, hip modification surgeries are often sufficient to restore hip function in many cases. As a result, while hip replacement on animals can be seen in any animal of any size, from cats upwards, it is most often performed in the medium-large breeds of dogs.
An animal suffering from hip dysplasia may have been in some degree of chronic pain all its life from a very young age but may show no overt sign of pain. Rather, they have adapted to the pain over an extended period, and learned to live with it. As a result, in many animals, successful hip replacement gives animals a level of playfulness and happiness not previously seen.
As with all surgeries, results vary, and there is both risk and uncertainty involved.
Implant material
Animal hip replacements are usually made from the same material as human replacements were, historically, made—a metal (cobalt chrome or titanium) femoral component, and an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular component.
Since animals have a shorter life than humans, their hip replacements can safely be assumed to be lifelong and will not wear out or need replacing. By contrast, human hip replacements are sometimes deferred until older, to avoid the possible need for replacement later on in life.
Considerations and aftercare
Other treatments may give a good quality of life with fewer attendant risks. Surgery for dogs, as with humans, is a final alternative when non-invasive methods are unable to treat a condition, since they are irreversible and carry risk. Conditions such as hip dysplasia and arthritis can often be treated with appropriate medications that help the body handle pain, inflammation, or joint wear and tear.
Animals which are prospective candidates for hip replacement should have no other spinal, neural, or rear leg abnormalities, in order to be significantly helped by a hip joint procedure.
Since the reduced joint mobility seen in conditions such as dysplasia may result in loss of muscle mass and quality as a dog ages, there is often an advantage in having hip replacement whilst the dog is at an early age, while muscle is more likely to re-develop, rather than in old age when convalescence is longer and more difficult. However, this is a major surgery taking several months to fully recuperate, involving the large muscle groups of the hips, and is irreversible. Whilst it has a high success rate (circa 95%) in the hands of a good surgical team, even in older dogs, it is therefore often recommended to avoid it until quality of life is seriously affected beyond the capability of medication to control.
Thus the benefits of hip replacement at a younger age must be set against the risks and the existing quality of life attainable with medication, lifestyle change, or non-surgical handling. Usually a course of medications is tried in any event, to assess how the animal responds to them.
An animal will usually need a minimum of 2 months convalescence to recover from hip replacement surgery. This allows the new artificial acetabular cup (the caput, or hip socket) to bond properly to the pelvis (hip bone). During this period, the animal must be restricted to carefully limited mobility and exercise, as the joint is still bonding and new bone is being laid down. So animals must be prevented from over exercise, or from climbing, jumping or putting any strain whatsoever beyond gentle use, on the joint. The animal must also be kept away from slippery or smooth flooring such as tiles, marble or polished wood since these put considerable lateral (sideways) strain on the hips. This can be a difficult process for a dog as many usual behaviors must be strictly prevented for this period. A pet crate may be a sensible precaution, if in doubt.
Usually, in the case of a double replacement (both hips), whenever possible one hip is operated on at a time and allowed to heal before the other is replaced. This ensures that there is always the maximum natural support during the healing process, although bilateral (double) hip replacements are possible and can be performed if appropriate.
Variations in vets' views
Some vets will recommend hip replacement at any age over puberty, if suitable conditions are met. Others view it as a surgery to be avoided at all costs unless there is no alternative. The issue here appears to be threefold: consideration of cost, avoidance of surgery where possible, and historical reasons that this has usually in the past been a treatment afforded older dogs and not usually considered for young and middle aged animals or less advanced conditions.
Aftercare recommendations vary also. Some vets recommend as little as 1–2 days in hospital after replacement, others as much as 4–7 days. All vets agree that movement must be restricted for a significant time after surgery. Some suggest that normal activity can be resumed after 5 weeks, others state it is unsafe until after 8 weeks. In both cases, a cautious approach will probably do no harm, if there is doubt.
History
The first feline hip replacement in the New York area was performed in March 2007.
See also
Veterinary surgery
References
Veterinary procedures
Dog health
Cat health | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%20replacement%20%28animal%29 |
John McShane may refer to:
John A. McShane (1850–1923), United States Representative from Nebraska
John James McShane (1882–1972), British Member of Parliament
Jon McShane (born 1991), Scottish footballer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McShane |
Elastic scoring is a style of orchestration or music arrangement that was first used by the Australian composer Percy Grainger.
Purpose
This technique of orchestration is used to provide composers with the option of allowing a diverse group of voices or instrumentalists the ability to perform their music. An example of this is when a composer or arranger provides extra sheet music parts so a flute quartet (four flutes) can play the same piece as a group comprising two flutes, alto flute and bass flute, resulting a choir-like sound. In other words, a subtle re-engineering of the original work.
This technique involves making extra and/or interchangeable musical parts which provide substitutions for more or fewer musicians depending on what is required for an individual performance. This also allows a musical work to be played in smaller communities where the required instruments may not always be available.
One of the main tenets of elastic scoring is that the new arrangement preserve as much as possible the original interval relationship (to the closest octave) between notes while not being overly concerned with timbre (tone colour) or number of instruments. Timbre is the aspect of music varied most through changing instrument or number of instruments.
Techniques
Besides providing alternative instrumentation in the form of sheet music parts, the elastic scoring concept allows three subsets of scoring music.
Lateral scoring
Lateral scoring can be said to have occurred when a piece of music is set for one or more instruments from the original number of instruments. An example of this is if a piece of music set for flute and piano is re-scored for clarinet and piano. In this instance, the intervallic relationships remain the same, but the tone colour has changed.
Expansion scoring
Expansion scoring is a style of arranging or orchestration that lets composers and arrangers enlarge the original work from a smaller score to a larger one. An example of this is when a string quartet is expanded to become a piece for string orchestra.
Contraction scoring
Contraction scoring lets composers and arrangers reduce the original work from a larger score to a smaller score, such as when an orchestral work is reduced to piano part. The resulting piano score is more commonly known as a piano reduction.
Composers/Arrangers who use elastic scoring
Percy Grainger (1882–1961), Australia/United States
Michael Blake (born 1961), South Africa
References
Literature
External links
"Harvest hymn" (1940) by Percy Grainger, for elastic scoring (2 instruments up to massed orchestra, with or without voices) at the National Library of Australia
Musical notation
Musical terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic%20scoring |
Robert Jackson (born 6 January 1949, Coventry, England) is an English rock musician most famous for being a member of Badfinger from 1974-75 and 1981-83, and of The Fortunes from 1995-2018. He currently tours under the name Badfinger in the United Kingdom.
Career
Indian Summer and Ross
Jackson formed his first professional rock band, named Indian Summer, in 1969. The band released a debut album, Indian Summer, on Neon Records in 1971, but disbanded the following year in the wake of business difficulties. Jackson and bandmate Alan Ross decided to develop another band, named Ross, in 1973. The band released two albums on RSO Records: Ross in 1973, and The Pit and the Pendulum in 1974. Despite touring extensively in the United States with Eric Clapton, the band failed to capture an audience. Directly after completing studio sessions in Los Angeles, Jackson left the group.
Badfinger 1974
Badfinger was a British rock band that, in their most successful lineup, consisted of Pete Ham, Mike Gibbins, Tom Evans, and Joey Molland. The band evolved from an earlier group named The Iveys that was formed in 1961 by Ham, Ron Griffiths and David "Dai" Jenkins in Swansea, Wales. The Iveys were the first group signed by the Beatles' Apple label in 1968. Over the next five years the band recorded five albums for Apple and toured extensively, before they became embroiled in the chaos of Apple Records' dissolution. The band renamed themselves Badfinger and in 1969 Griffiths left and was replaced by Molland. In 1970, the band engaged American businessman Stan Polley to manage their commercial affairs.
Badfinger had four consecutive worldwide hits from 1970 to 1972: "Come and Get It" (written and produced by Paul McCartney), "No Matter What", "Day After Day" (produced by George Harrison) and "Baby Blue", the latter of which - in 2013 - made a resurgence onto the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart at number 14 after it was featured in the finale of the television series Breaking Bad. Their song "Without You" has been covered many times, including a Billboard number one hit for Harry Nilsson.
After Apple Records folded, Badfinger signed to Warner Bros. Records, but Polley's financial machinations resulted in internal friction that soon caused Ham to quit Badfinger, to be replaced by Bob Jackson on keyboard and guitar, Ham rejoined and Molland then left the band instead. However, a lawsuit filed by Warner's music publishing arm against Polley over missing escrow account money led Warner to withdraw Badfinger's 1974 album Wish You Were Here from the market seven weeks after its release, which effectively cut off the band's income. Warner's then refused to accept (or pay the band for) Badfinger's next album, Head First (which was the final album that would feature Pete Ham and Tom Evans as Badfinger), because of the dispute with Polley, leaving the band destitute. Three days before his 28th birthday, on 24 April 1975, Ham committed suicide by hanging himself, leaving a note that included damning comments about Polley.
Over the next three years, the surviving members struggled to rebuild their personal and professional lives against a backdrop of lawsuits, which tied up the songwriters' royalty payments for years. The Badfinger albums Airwaves (1979) and Say No More (1981) (both of which excluded both Gibbins and Jackson) floundered, as Molland and Evans see-sawed between cooperation and conflict in their attempts to revive and capitalise on the Badfinger legacy. Having seen Ham's body after Ham's wife had called him, Evans reportedly never got over his friend's suicide, and was quoted as saying in darker moments, "I wanna be where he is." On 19 November 1983, Evans also took his own life by hanging.
The Dodgers
Badfinger disbanded following Peter Ham's suicide in 1975. Jackson remained in contact with Evans, and the two formed a band named The Dodgers in 1976. The Dodgers released a handful of singles and one album by 1977, but that year Jackson was released by the band following management problems.
The Searchers and The Byron Band
Jackson was hired by The Searchers in 1979, contributing to the group's tours and two subsequent album releases, The Searchers (1979) and Play For Today (1980). In 1980, Jackson and Mel Collins joined The Byron Band that had been formed by Uriah Heep's former lead singer. Jackson departed from the band in 1981, after the band recorded the album On The Rocks for Creole Records.
Badfinger 1982
Jackson reteamed with Tom Evans and Mike Gibbins in 1982 to form a new Badfinger lineup, touring and recording exclusively in the United States. However, Evans committed suicide in late 1983, upon which Jackson disbanded Badfinger. He later invited Joey Molland to join him and Gibbins for another Badfinger outing in 1984 for a specialty tour in the United States. Although well received, the lineup did not last. Jackson began concentrating on writing and recording, making home recordings for demonstration records but not touring.
The Fortunes
Jackson appeared on two CDs in the 1990s: 7 Park Avenue and Golders Green, adding parts to posthumous releases by Pete Ham. He was subsequently hired by The Fortunes in 1995, and he remained with the group off and on for the next ten years, releasing three albums and performing on several tours. On 18 May 2006, Jackson rejoined the Fortunes and has toured extensively with them ever since. The band's Past & Present theatre shows featured many Badfinger songs and anecdotes. Jackson played on several albums, and appeared in the United Kingdom, Australia, Dubai, Las Vegas, Hong Kong, Netherlands and Belgium. The band also successfully played the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Netherlands, and Sweden during 2009.
Other activities
In 2000, Jackson finally succeeded in getting Snapper Records to issue the 1974 recordings for the Badfinger album Head First, along with personal demos, as a double CD package. Various outings have included sessions alongside Pete Brown, Jack Bruce, Jeff Beck, Andy Fairweather Low, The Motors, and many others. Jackson and Tom Evans joined a side project, Cheetah, and performed at Mide Festival, France.
In 2013, Jackson organised and performed at the unveiling of the Pete Ham Blue Plaque for Swansea Council, celebrating the achievements of Ham and Badfinger.
Badfinger 2015
In 2015, Jackson formed another Badfinger lineup featuring Andy Nixon on guitar and vocals, Michael Healey on bass and vocals, and Ted Duggan on drums, which continues to tour to the present day.
Discography
Indian Summer by Indian Summer, 1971
Moon by Moon 1973
Ross by Ross, 1973
The Pit and the Pendulum by Ross, 1974
Head First by Badfinger, recorded 1974 (released 2000)
Love on the Rebound by The Dodgers, 1978
The Searchers by The Searchers, 1979
Play for Today by The Searchers, 1980
On the Rocks by The Byron Band, 1981
Spend My Nights in Armour by Pete Brown (with Jeff Beck & Jack Bruce), 1987
7 Park Avenue by Pete Ham (released 1997)
Golders Green by Pete Ham (released 1999)
Some Bridges by The Fortunes, 1999
The Fortunes...Live by The Fortunes, 2001
Heroes Never Die by The Fortunes, 2004
Play On by The Fortunes, 2008
References
External links
Badfinger Lineups 1974
Prisoners of Rock & Roll
Tom Brennan
Coventry Music Blog
Echo
Jason Dale
Badfinger official website
The Fortunes official website
1949 births
Living people
Badfinger members
English keyboardists
English rock guitarists
Musicians from Coventry
English rock keyboardists
English rock singers
English male singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
English male guitarists
20th-century English male singers
20th-century English singers
20th-century British guitarists
21st-century English male singers
21st-century English singers
21st-century British guitarists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Jackson%20%28musician%29 |
John Cavanaugh may refer to:
John Cavanaugh (baseball) (1900–1961), MLB player
John Cavanaugh (politician) (born 1980), Nebraska politician
John Cavanaugh (sculptor) (1921–1985)
John C. Cavanaugh, former president of the University of West Florida and current chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education
John J. Cavanaugh (1899–1979), American priest and academic administrator
John Joseph Cavanaugh III (born 1945), American politician
John R. Cavanaugh (1929–2007), American priest, teacher and scholar
John W. Cavanaugh (1870–1935), American priest and academic administrator
See also
John Cavanagh (disambiguation)
John Kavanagh (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cavanaugh |
Club Deportivo Alcalá is a Spanish football team based in Alcalá de Guadaira, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1945 it plays in División de Honor Andaluza - Group 1, and plays home games at Nuevo Estadio Ciudad de Alcalá, with a capacity of 2,261 seaters. CD Alcala debuted in the Second Division B of Spain's in 2004–05. They got to play 5 years in that division.
History
The club was founded on October 13, 1945, as a result of the efforts by a group of football fans. Among them was Julio Garcia, who was actually the one who founded the club.
In January 2019 Federico Martínez Gamez became the club's new head coach.
Season to season
{|
|valign="top" width=0%|
5 seasons in Segunda División B
19 seasons in Tercera División
References
External links
Official website
Futbolme team profile
Football clubs in Andalusia
Association football clubs established in 1944
1944 establishments in Spain
Province of Seville | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD%20Alcal%C3%A1 |
Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; ) is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe.
Course
The great circle path may be found using spherical trigonometry; this is the spherical version of the inverse geodetic problem.
If a navigator begins at P1 = (φ1,λ1) and plans to travel the great circle to a point at point P2 = (φ2,λ2) (see Fig. 1, φ is the latitude, positive northward, and λ is the longitude, positive eastward), the initial and final courses α1 and α2 are given by formulas for solving a spherical triangle
where λ12 = λ2 − λ1
and the quadrants of α1,α2 are determined by the signs of the numerator and denominator in the tangent formulas (e.g., using the atan2 function).
The central angle between the two points, σ12, is given by
(The numerator of this formula contains the quantities that were used to determine
tanα1.)
The distance along the great circle will then be s12 = Rσ12, where R is the assumed radius
of the Earth and σ12 is expressed in radians.
Using the mean Earth radius, R = R1 ≈ yields results for
the distance s12 which are within 1% of the geodesic length for the WGS84 ellipsoid; see Geodesics on an ellipsoid for details.
Relation to geocentric coordinate system
Detailed evaluation of the optimum direction is possible if the sea surface is approximated by a sphere surface. The standard computation places the ship at a geodetic latitude and geodetic longitude , where is considered positive if north of the equator, and where is considered positive if east of Greenwich. In the geocentric coordinate system centered at the center of the sphere, the Cartesian components are
and the target position is
The North Pole is at
The minimum distance is the distance along a great circle that runs through and . It is calculated in a plane that contains the sphere center and the great circle,
where is the angular distance of two points viewed from the center of the sphere, measured in radians. The cosine of the angle is calculated by the dot product of the two vectors
If the ship steers straight to the North Pole, the travel distance is
If a ship starts at and swims straight to the North Pole, the travel distance is
Derivation
The cosine formula of spherical trigonometry yields for the
angle between the great circles through that point to the North on one hand and to on the other hand
The sine formula yields
Solving this for and insertion in the previous formula gives an expression for the tangent of the position angle,
Further details
Because the brief derivation gives an angle between 0 and which does not reveal the sign (west or east of north ?), a more explicit derivation is desirable which yields separately the sine and the cosine of such that use of the correct branch of the inverse tangent allows to produce an angle in the full range .
The computation starts from a construction of the great circle between and . It lies in the plane that contains the sphere center, and and is constructed rotating by the angle around an axis . The axis is perpendicular to the plane of the great circle and computed by the normalized vector cross product of the two positions:
A right-handed tilted coordinate system with the center at the center of the sphere is given by the
following three axes: the
axis , the axis
and the axis .
A position along the great circle is
The compass direction is given by inserting the two vectors and and computing the gradient of the vector with respect to at .
The angle is given by splitting this direction along two orthogonal directions in the plane tangential to the sphere at the point . The two directions are given by the partial derivatives of with respect to and with respect to , normalized to unit length:
points north and points east at the position .
The position angle projects
into these two directions,
,
where the positive sign means the positive position angles are defined to be north over east. The values of the cosine and sine of are computed by multiplying this equation on both sides with the two unit vectors,
Instead of inserting the convoluted expression of , the evaluation may employ that the triple product is invariant under a circular shift
of the arguments:
If atan2 is used to compute the value, one can reduce both expressions by division through
and multiplication by ,
because these values are always positive and that operation does not change signs; then effectively
Finding way-points
To find the way-points, that is the positions of selected points on the great circle between
P1 and P2, we first extrapolate the great circle back to its node A, the point
at which the great circle crosses the
equator in the northward direction: let the longitude of this point be λ0 — see Fig 1. The azimuth at this point, α0, is given by
Let the angular distances along the great circle from A to P1 and P2 be σ01 and σ02 respectively. Then using Napier's rules we have
(If φ1 = 0 and α1 = π, use σ01 = 0).
This gives σ01, whence σ02 = σ01 + σ12.
The longitude at the node is found from
Finally, calculate the position and azimuth at an arbitrary point, P (see Fig. 2), by the spherical version of the direct geodesic problem. Napier's rules give
The atan2 function should be used to determine
σ01,
λ, and α.
For example, to find the
midpoint of the path, substitute σ = (σ01 + σ02); alternatively
to find the point a distance d from the starting point, take σ = σ01 + d/R.
Likewise, the vertex, the point on the great
circle with greatest latitude, is found by substituting σ = +π.
It may be convenient to parameterize the route in terms of the longitude using
Latitudes at regular intervals of longitude can be found and the resulting positions transferred to the Mercator chart
allowing the great circle to be approximated by a series of rhumb lines. The path determined in this way
gives the great ellipse joining the end points, provided the coordinates
are interpreted as geographic coordinates on the ellipsoid.
These formulas apply to a spherical model of the Earth. They are also used in solving for the great circle on the auxiliary sphere which is a device for finding the shortest path, or geodesic, on an ellipsoid of revolution; see the article on geodesics on an ellipsoid.
Example
Compute the great circle route from Valparaíso,
φ1 = −33°,
λ1 = −71.6°, to
Shanghai,
φ2 = 31.4°,
λ2 = 121.8°.
The formulas for course and distance give
λ12 = −166.6°,
α1 = −94.41°,
α2 = −78.42°, and
σ12 = 168.56°. Taking the earth radius to be
R = 6371 km, the distance is
s12 = 18743 km.
To compute points along the route, first find
α0 = −56.74°,
σ01 = −96.76°,
σ02 = 71.8°,
λ01 = 98.07°, and
λ0 = −169.67°.
Then to compute the midpoint of the route (for example), take
σ = (σ01 + σ02) = −12.48°, and solve
for
φ = −6.81°,
λ = −159.18°, and
α = −57.36°.
If the geodesic is computed accurately on the WGS84 ellipsoid, the results
are α1 = −94.82°, α2 = −78.29°, and
s12 = 18752 km. The midpoint of the geodesic is
φ = −7.07°, λ = −159.31°,
α = −57.45°.
Gnomonic chart
A straight line drawn on a gnomonic chart would be a great circle track. When this is transferred to a Mercator chart, it becomes a curve. The positions are transferred at a convenient interval of longitude and this is plotted on the Mercator chart.
See also
Compass rose
Great circle
Great-circle distance
Great ellipse
Geodesics on an ellipsoid
Geographical distance
Isoazimuthal
Loxodromic navigation
Map
Portolan map
Marine sandglass
Rhumb line
Spherical trigonometry
Windrose network
Notes
References
External links
Great Circle – from MathWorld Great Circle description, figures, and equations. Mathworld, Wolfram Research, Inc. c1999
Great Circle Mapper Interactive tool for plotting great circle routes.
Great Circle Calculator deriving (initial) course and distance between two points.
Great Circle Distance Graphical tool for drawing great circles over maps. Also shows distance and azimuth in a table.
Google assistance program for orthodromic navigation
Navigation
Circles
Spherical curves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle%20navigation |
In the history of cryptography, the Nihilist cipher is a manually operated symmetric encryption cipher, originally used by Russian Nihilists in the 1880s to organize terrorism against the tsarist regime. The term is sometimes extended to several improved algorithms used much later for communication by the First Chief Directorate with its spies.
Description
First the encipherer constructs a Polybius square using a mixed alphabet. This is used to convert both the plaintext and a keyword to a series of two digit numbers. These numbers are then added together in the normal way to get the ciphertext, with the key numbers repeated as required.
Example
Consider the Polybius square created using the keyword ZEBRAS:
with a plaintext of "DYNAMITE WINTER PALACE" and a key of RUSSIAN.
This expands to:
PT: 23 55 41 15 35 32 45 12 53 32 41 45 12 14 43 15 34 15 22 12
KEY: 14 51 21 21 32 15 41 14 51 21 21 32 15 41 14 51 21 21 32 15
CT: 37 106 62 36 67 47 86 26 104 53 62 77 27 55 57 66 55 36 54 27
Cryptanalysis
Because each symbol in both plaintext and key is used as a whole number without any fractionation, the basic Nihilist cipher is little more than a numerical version of the Vigenère cipher, with multiple-digit numbers being the enciphered symbols instead of letters. As such, it can be attacked by very similar methods. An additional weakness is that the use of normal addition (instead of modular addition) leaks further information. For example, (assuming a 5 × 5 square) if a ciphertext number is greater than 100 then it is a certainty that both the plaintext and key came from the fifth row of the table.
Later variants or derivatives
During World War II, several Soviet spy rings communicated to Moscow Centre using two ciphers which are essentially evolutionary improvements on the basic Nihilist cipher. A very strong version was used by Max Clausen in Richard Sorge's network in Japan, and by Alexander Foote in the Lucy spy ring in Switzerland. A slightly weaker version was used by the Rote Kapelle network.
In both versions, the plaintext was first converted to digits by use of a straddling checkerboard rather than a Polybius square. This has the advantage of slightly compressing the plaintext, thus raising its unicity distance and also allowing radio operators to complete their transmissions quicker and shut down sooner. Shutting down sooner reduces the risk of the operator being found by enemy radio direction finders. Increasing the unicity distance increases strength against statistical attacks.
Clausen and Foote both wrote their plaintext in English, and memorized the 8 most frequent letters of English (to fill the top row of the checkerboard) through the mnemonic (and slightly menacing) phrase "a sin to err" (dropping the second "r"). The standard English straddling checkerboard has 28 characters and in this cipher these became "full stop" and "numbers shift". Numbers were sent by a numbers shift, followed by the actual plaintext digits in repeated pairs, followed by another shift. Then, similarly to the basic Nihilist, a digital additive was added in, which was called "closing". However a different additive was used each time, so finally a concealed "indicator group" had to be inserted to indicate what additive was used.
Unlike basic Nihilist, the additive was added by non-carrying addition (digit-wise addition modulo 10), thus producing a more uniform output which doesn't leak as much information. More importantly, the additive was generated not through a keyword, but by selecting lines at random from almanacs of industrial statistics. Such books were deemed dull enough to not arouse suspicion if an agent was searched (particularly as the agents' cover stories were as businessmen), and to have such high entropy density as to provide a very secure additive. Of course the figures from such a book are not actually uniformly distributed (there is an excess of "0" and "1" (see Benford's Law), and sequential numbers are likely to be somewhat similar), but nevertheless they have much higher entropy density than passphrases and the like; at any rate, in practice they seem never to have been successfully cryptanalysed.
The weaker version generated the additive from the text of a novel or similar book (at least one Rote Kapelle member used The Good Soldier Schweik) This text was converted to a digital additive using a technique similar to a straddling checkerboard.
The ultimate development along these lines was the VIC cipher, used in the 1950s by Reino Häyhänen. By this time, most Soviet agents were instead using one-time pads.
See also
Topics in cryptography
References
David Kahn. The Codebreakers. 1968, 1974 edition Redwood Burn Ltd. pp 344, 368.
External links
A JavaScript implementation of various Nihilist ciphers
Classical ciphers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilist%20cipher |
"Soldier" is the first of two episodes of The Outer Limits television series written by Harlan Ellison and is loosely adapted from his 1957 short story "Soldier from Tomorrow." Ellison later brought suit against the producers and distributor of The Terminator (1984) for plagiarism of this episode.
Plot
Eighteen hundred years in the future, two infantrymen clash on a battlefield. A random energy weapon strikes both and they are hurled into a time vortex. While one soldier is temporarily trapped in the time limbo, the other, Qarlo Clobregnny, materializes in an alley off a city street in the United States in the year 1964.
The feral Qarlo is soon captured and later interrogated by Tom Kagan, a philologist. Qarlo's origin is eventually discovered after Kagan translates his seemingly unintelligible language – "Nims qarlo clobregnny prite arem aean teaan deao" – into colloquial English..."(My) name is Qarlo Clobregnny, private, RM EN TN DO"; his name, rank and serial letters, which is what any soldier would reveal if captured by the enemy. Qarlo has been bred and trained for one purpose – to kill the enemy. Progress is made in "taming" him, however, and despite the reservations of Kagan's government associates, Kagan takes Qarlo to his home and family. Although he seemingly begins to trust Kagan, Qarlo breaks into a gun shop and brings home a rifle.
Meanwhile, the time eddy holding the enemy soldier eventually weakens and he materializes in 1964 and tracks Qarlo to Kagan's home. In a final hand-to-hand battle, the soldiers kill each other, but the question is posed whether Qarlo sacrificed his life because he was trained to kill, or because he wanted to save the Kagan family.
Production
Interiors were shot at Paramount Studios. Qarlo's "War Zone" was shot on the Paramount Sunset stage, a gigantic stage the size of three stages put together. A sky cyclorama ran all the way round it and a horizon line of mountains was placed in front of that in diminished perspective. A fog machine provided the landscape with a smokey haziness. The gun shop scene was filmed on the Paramount Backlot, on New York Street.
The Terminator
Ellison brought suit against The Terminator production company Hemdale and distributor Orion Pictures for plagiarism of this episode, since both works involve a soldier from the future who goes back in time and saves the life of a present-day woman from an enemy soldier from the future. According to the Los Angeles Times, the parties settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount, and an acknowledgement of Ellison's works in the credits of Terminator. The credits were added only to the home video releases of Terminator and read simply, "Acknowledgment to the Works of Harlan Ellison".
James Cameron denied Ellison's allegations and was opposed to the settlement. He has rarely spoken about the issue, but commented on the addition of acknowledgement credits at the 1991 T2 Convention saying, "For legal reasons I'm not supposed to comment on that, but it was a real bum deal, I had nothing to do with it and I disagree with it."
Cast
Sequel
Author Kevin J. Anderson later wrote a prose sequel for the episode entitled Prisoner of War which was published in the anthology The Outer Limits: Armageddon Dreams.
Notes
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Harlan Ellison
Television episodes about time travel
Fiction set in 1964
Fiction set in the 4th millennium
Adaptations of works by Harlan Ellison
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
The Apostolic Vicariate of Luang Prabang () is a Latin Rite jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Laos. As an apostolic vicariate, it is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, entitled to a titular bishop. It is located in northern Laos.
It is exempt, i.e. not part of any ecclesiastical province but directly dependent on the Holy See and its missionary Dicastery for Evangelization.
It currently has no cathedral since its former Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, in Luang Prabang, has been secularized. The vicariate has been vacant since 1975, entrusted to a series of temporary Apostolic administrators.
Statistics
The vicariate covers 80,425 km² in the northern Laotian civic provinces of Luang Prabang, Xaignabouli, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Louang Namtha and Bokeo.
As of 2014, it pastorally cares for 2,693 Catholics (0.2% of 1,692,000 total) in 8 parishes with one priest and five seminarians.
History
It was established on March 1, 1963 as Apostolic Vicariate of Luang Prabang with territory split off from the Vicariate Apostolic of Vientiane.
Since the Communist takeover of Laos in 1975 the Catholic Church in the vicariate of Luang Prabang has been strongly suppressed.
Ordinaries
Apostolic Vicars of Luang Prabang
Lionello Berti, O.M.I. (1963-1968)
Alessandro Staccioli, O.M.I. (1968-1975), appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Siena–Colle di Val d’Elsa–Montalcino
Apostolic Administrators
Thomas Nantha (1975-1984), concurrently Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane
Jean Khamsé Vithavong O.M.I (1984-1999), concurrently Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane
Father Tito Banchong Thopanhong (1999–present)
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in Laos
References
External links
Religious freedom in the Democratic People's Republic of Laos (PDF document, in German, English and French)
GCatholic, with Google satellite photo
Catholic hierarchy
Apostolic vicariates
Luang Prabang
Luang Prabang
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Christian organizations established in 1963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic%20Vicariate%20of%20Luang%20Prabang |
Bad Berleburg (, earlier also Berleburg) is a town, in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of Germany's largest towns by land area. It is located approximately northeast of Siegen and northwest of Marburg an der Lahn.
Geography
Location
Bad Berleburg lies in the northeast of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the middle of the Rothaargebirge, a low mountain range. The western town limit is also the boundary with the neighbouring district of Olpe. The town is also bordered on the north by the Hochsauerland district. The town's eastern limit is likewise the boundary with the Bundesland of Hesse. The town of Bad Laasphe borders on Bad Berleburg in the south, and the community of Erndtebrück in the southwest.
The small river Odeborn flows through Berleburg and empties into the Eder further south.
Constituent communities
Since 1975, the following villages have been part of Bad Berleburg:
Population
(in each case at 31 December)
1998 - 21,177
1999 - 21,190
2000 - 21,219
2001 - 21,135
2002 - 21,022
2003 - 20,884
2004 - 20,794
2010 - 19,929
2017 - 21,281
History
Archaeological finds confirm that the area covered by today's municipal area was settled as far back as the 7th century BC. On the castle hills at Aue, Dotzlar and Wemlighausen are traces of circular forts from this time. There is, however, no evidence of settlement in the area for the time that follows, up to the 8th century.
The constituent communities of Arfeld and Raumland were mentioned in documents in 800 and 802 respectively. There are also documents from 1059 confirming the existence of Alertshausen, Beddelhausen, Elsoff and Schwarzenau. In 1174, the name "Widechinstein" was mentioned for the first time. The village of Berleburg is mentioned for the first time in 1258 in documents from the Grafschaft Abbey (in this instance Grafschaft is a location rather than the German word for "county"), under the name Berneborg. The castle passed on 30 March 1258 to Count Siegfried I and the "monastery reeve" ("Klostervogt") Adolf von Grafschaft. In 1322, this double overlordship in Berleburg was ended by Widekind von Grafschaft when he forwent his rights to the town in Siegfried II's favour. Siegfried was the last of his noble line, and when he died, the inheritance went to his son-in-law, Salentin von Sayn. He founded the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein.
In 1488, and again in 1522, great fires roared through the town.
Until Count Ludwig the Elder's death in 1605, Berleburg was developing itself into a capital and residence town of the County of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, which in the 18th century was a centre in Germany for the Inspiration Movement, which had grown out of radical pietism. Between 1726 and 1742, the well known Berleburg Bible was printed here. Christoph Sauer (1695–1758) lived in nearby Laasphe for a few years before emigrating to Pennsylvania in 1724. There in 1743 he would print the first German-language Bible in North America with a press and Fraktur type that may come from Berleburg, but this is uncertain. The American "Church of the Brethren" was founded by Alexander Maack who also lived a few years in the village of Schwarzenau. Tolerance of religious dissenters ebbed after the death of Count Casimir in 1741.
Wittgenstein was placed under the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806. Under the terms of the Congress of Vienna, it was then ceded to the Prussian province of Westphalia in 1816.
When the Rothaarbahn railway was built to Berleburg in 1911, it brought with it the onset of industrialization, although it was limited to forest products at first. Other forms of industry did not come to town until after the Second World War.
The town was already acknowledged as a climatic spa in 1935 for its gentle and agreeably mild climate. After 1949, the Klinik Wittgenstein was built as a psychosomatic hospital.
In 1951, on private initiative, a Kneipp spa association was founded, which was the forerunner to the Wittgenstein spa institution (Wittgensteiner Kuranstalt; WKA). In the first year that the WKA Kneipp spa works were open, there were 11,000 overnight stays. Little by little, Berleburg became Germany's second largest Kneipp spa.
In 1971, once the town had been granted state recognition as a Kneipp spa, Berleburg was entitled to use the prefix Bad (lit. "bath") with its name, thereby becoming the town of Bad Berleburg, as it has been known ever since. In 1974 also came recognition as a curative spa.
In 1975, with the Sauerland-Paderborn Law, dealing with municipal reform, the surrounding Amt of Berleburg was abolished, and a great deal of it then became part of the town of Bad Berleburg, making the town North Rhine-Westphalia's second largest by land area. The communities of Hoheleye, Langewiese, Mollseifen and Neuastenberg were assigned to the newly established Hochsauerland district. They are today constituent communities of Winterberg. The communities of Balde, Birkelbach, Birkefehl, Leimstruth and Womelsdorf were transferred to the community of Erndtebrück. At the same time, the old district of Wittgenstein was dissolved and added to Siegen district.
In 1984, this district's name was changed to Siegen-Wittgenstein, as it is still called now.
Politics
Town council
The town council's 32 seats as of May 2022 were distributed as follows:
Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition.
Coat of arms
The lion rampant is the mark of the House of Sayn, and the bear stands for the hunt. Some sources, on the other hand, say that it is a canting symbol ("Bear" is Bär in German, pronounced the same way as the first syllable of Berleburg). The House of Wittgenstein is also represented by the pallets (vertical stripes) from their old arms.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
Courtyard of Schloss Wittgenstein – Tours are available to the public at differing times depending on the season for €5, in German only.
Schloss Wittgenstein – a Baroque stately home from 1733 with a museum about the princely house of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
Schulkapelle Sassenhausen (school chapel) – this half-timbered structure was built in 1703 as a church by Mannus Riedesel but was later adapted to house a school as well.
Ludwigsburg – built for a side branch of the Sayn-Wittgensteins, it is richly embellished on the cornices and corner beams. Also the work of Mannus Riedesel.
Regular events
Wollmarkt (wool market) – first Sunday in May
Stünzelfest, menagerie and fair – second Saturday in June
Berleburger Schützenfest (marksmanship festival) – first weekend in July
Schützenfest des Schieß- und Schützenverein Wingeshausen 1928 e.V. (marksmanship festival) – fourth weekend in July
Schützenfest in Müsse des Schieß- und Schützenverein Müsse 1925 e.V. (marksmanship festival) – second weekend in August
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The municipal area is crossed from north to south by Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) 480, joining Bad Berleburg with Winterberg in the north and Erndtebrück in the south.
The Rothaarbahn railway reaches the town from the south, ending there. Until 31 May 1981 there was a connection from Bad Berleburg to Allendorf and Frankenberg by the Upper Edertalbahn and the Ruhr-Eder-Bahn.
Notable people
Johannes Althusius (1563–1638), legal scholar and politician from Bad Berleburg-Diedenshausen
Paul Breuer (born 1950), Member of the Bundestag 1980-2003, since 2003 Landrat of the Siegen-Wittgenstein district
Gerhard Dickel (1938–2003), Church Music Director, cantor, organist and music professor in Hamburg
Norbert Dickel (born 1961), football player, stadium announcer for Borussia Dortmund
Maik Eckhardt (born 1970), marksman
Johann Friedrich Henschel (born 1931), born in Bad Berleburg-Schwarzenau, until 1995 vice-president of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany
Lewis Keseberg (1814–1895), emigrated to USA in 1844, famed member of the Donner Party and last member of the Party to be rescued
Alexander Mack, Anabaptist theologian and founder of the Schwarzenau Brethren
Jacob Nolde (1859–1916), attained great wealth in the United States in the hosiery industry and was an environmentalist largely responsible for the creation of Nolde Forest Environmental Education Center in Pennsylvania
Hans-Werner Schwarz (born 1946), politician (FDP)
Princess Nathalie of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (born 1975), in Copenhagen, dressage rider
Tim Treude (born 1990), football player
Pia Wunderlich (born 1975), football player (since 1993 1. FFC Frankfurt)
Tina Wunderlich (born 1977), football player (since 1994 1. FFC Frankfurt)
Christina Zerbe (born 1980), former football national player
Gallery
References
External links
Official site
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Spa towns in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Berleburg |
"Cold Hands, Warm Heart" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on September 26, 1964, during the second season. The episode features William Shatner in the lead role as a space explorer, not long before he was cast as Captain Kirk in Star Trek. Shatner's Outer Limits character is involved in a mission called "Project Vulcan". During the opening scene, Shatner is shown parking his car and walking into a building at Space Park, right past a reflecting pool where he and other Star Trek crew members beamed down in a 1967 first-season episode, Operation -- Annihilate!.
The episode was a Star Trek "preunion", as three of the co-stars would later have guest roles in television or film episodes of the series. Malachi Throne portrayed Commodore Mendez in the episode "The Menagerie". Lawrence Montaigne portrayed the Romulan Decius in the episode "Balance of Terror", and the Vulcan Stonn in the episode "Amok Time". Montaigne was also considered for the original role of Spock on that series. James Sikking would later appear as Captain Styles in the film Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984).
Opening narration
"The most brilliant planet in our solar system is Venus, named for the Goddess of Love. It is closer to Earth than any other planet –twenty-eight million miles away. Until sometime in the last half of the twentieth century it is still a planet shrouded in mystery, enveloped in a heavy blanket of clouds and steam. Because its surface temperature was believed to be several times that of Earth's, it was not thought possible for Man to reach Venus and come back... until one day, somebody did it."
Plot
After completing the first crewed mission to orbit Venus, astronaut Jeff Barton returns to Earth with recurring nightmares and an increasing inability to stay warm. Barton's condition continues to worsen and is accompanied by a peculiar webbing of his fingers. Only after his nightmares become more vivid does he recall an unrevealed alien encounter in the Venusian atmosphere. Barton's doctors suspect the astronaut had been genetically affected by his mission, and they then struggle to treat and cure him before his mutations completely take over.
Closing narration
"The eternal, never-ceasing search for knowledge often leads to dark and dangerous places. Sometimes it demands risks not only of those who are searching, but of others who love them. These, in their own special way, know that knowledge is never wasted, nor is love."
Cast
Notes
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Venus in television
Works about astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20Hands%2C%20Warm%20Heart |
Unión Balompédica Conquense is a Spanish football team based in Cuenca, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. Founded in 1946 it currently plays in Segunda División B – Group 3, holding home games at Estadio La Fuensanta, with a 6,000-seat capacity.
History
In the 2018–19 season, the club was relegated to Tercera División by finishing 18th in the Segunda División B, Group 3. Conquense had only 3 away victories and a total of 15 losses (4th worst result in the league) in that season. In June 2019 Nacho Alfonso was appointed head coach of the club. With him the club had a good start of the season, being just 4 points behind the leader after the first 15 matches.
Season to season
18 seasons in Segunda División B
38 seasons in Tercera División
17 seasons in Categorías Regionales
Honours
Tercera División: 2006–07, 2015–16, 2017–18
Current squad
Famous players
References
External links
Official website
Futbolme team profile
Football clubs in Castilla–La Mancha
Association football clubs established in 1946
1946 establishments in Spain
Sport in Cuenca, Spain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UB%20Conquense |
"Behold, Eck!" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 3 October 1964, during the second season.
Introduction
A creature called Eck who lives in a two-dimensional world finds himself transported to our three-dimensional world and seeks to return home with the help of special glasses made by an eccentric optical engineer.
Opening narration
"Since the first living thing gazed upward through the darkness, Man has seldom been content merely to be born, to endure, and to die. With a curious fervor he has struggled to unlock the mysteries of creation and of the world in which he lives. Sometimes he has won. Sometimes he has lost. And sometimes, in the tumbling torrents of space and time, he has brief glimpses of a world he never even dreams..."
Plot
Dr. Robert Stone, an absent-minded optic engineer, is a brilliant researcher in a field that few appreciate. His brother, a prominent government physicist, refuses to take him seriously and has essentially shut Dr. Stone out of his life. Dr. Stone's attractive secretary, Ms. Elizabeth Dunn, is in love with him and has read all of his recondite scientific papers, but Stone is blind to her feelings and myopically perceives only the details of his science.
The story begins as policemen investigate the destruction of Dr. Stone's office, the latest in a series of attacks on optometric facilities. After they leave, Dr. Stone realizes that his own glasses are broken and decides to try a pair of prescription lenses designed for patients who suffer from double vision, lenses made from meteoric quartz. Putting on the glasses, he recoils in horror as he sees a creature that appears to be made of energy. The creature attacks him, smashing his glasses, steals a page from Stone's notebook on which are written the names of patients who have been prescribed the lenses, and quickly vanishes.
Stone ascertains that the creature must exist in only two dimensions, as when he turns sideways he becomes invisible, and is able to move through walls. Stone visits his physicist brother to talk over the idea, but his brother dismisses him as mad. Dr. Stone has his secretary order several new pairs of the meteoric eyepieces, and tries to track down the patients sought by the two-dimensional creature. One has been injured, another is found dead, and the third, a welder, managed to ward off the creature with his welding torch (later Stone is told by the creature that in the second dimension, fire is all-powerful because two-dimensional organisms, like dry leaves or paper, are easily set aflame). It is also discovered that a large building has been cut in half. Stone's brother and the police begin to investigate these occurrences. Meanwhile, in the excitement of the moment, Stone suddenly seems to notice the love-struck Ms. Dunn for the first time, remarking after putting on a different pair of glasses that something about her "looks different," as she glows with adoration towards him.
Soon, the creature appears again to Stone after he puts on a pair of the meteoric glasses. The creature, the titular Eck, explains that he was trapped in our dimensional plane when he fell through an experimental portal. He needs to return to the second dimension through the rift and close it, or else the rift could cause all kinds of things from his dimension to spill through. Eck is unable to see properly in three-dimensional space, and requires lenses to correct his two-dimensional vision so that he can find the rift. Eck gives Stone one of his eyes, a translucent triangle shaped object, though he asserts that a lens must be constructed in 24 hours, or he will starve to death, since he cannot assimilate three-dimensional nutrients. Stone begins to grind the interdimensional lens. Meanwhile, Eck watches a TV broadcast about himself. Thinking the broadcaster is also two-dimensional, he jumps into the TV set to seek help. This causes him to become luminous, and thereafter can be seen without the special glasses.
The now-visible Eck wreaks more havoc in the city, then returns to Dr. Stone's office. The police and Stone's brother have determined that Stone is harboring the creature, and break into his office with a flamethrower. They attack Eck with fire, and apparently kill him. After they leave, Dr. Stone and Elizabeth find Eck alive, having deceived his attackers. They produce the interdimensional lens, which Eck tries to take with him through a wall but cannot as the lens is three-dimensional. Stone and Elizabeth offer to bring the lens with them to the public square, where the rift is located. Eck exits through the wall, Stone asks Elizabeth if she would like to go to the square to "say goodbye to a friend," and the two exit as a couple, Stone's arm still around Elizabeth's waist.
Closing narration
"Paradoxically, Man's endless search for knowledge has often plundered his courage and warped his vision, so that he has faced the unknown with terror rather than awe, and probed the darkness with a scream rather than a light. Yet there have always been men who have touched the texture of tomorrow with understanding and courage. Through these men, we may yet touch the stars."
Background
The idea of a two dimensional world was lifted from the 1884 novella Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions by Edwin Abbott. Writer William Cox wove a lighthearted comedy treatment around the two dimensional concept called "The Reluctant Monster" (this had no relation to Flatland other than the idea of a 2-D world). It was then passed to John Mantley, later the producer of western TV series Gunsmoke (from 1965-1967/Exec.Prod:1968-1975), to write the final teleplay. (source - The Outer Limits:The Official Companion (1986), page 305.)
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behold%2C%20Eck%21 |
Stephen Yoakam is an actor who has appeared in several motion pictures and television movies. He also guest starred in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes "When It Rains..." and "The Dogs of War" as the Romulan Subcommander/General Velal.
Yoakam often narrates productions of Peer Gynt with the Minnesota Orchestra. He has been a member of the acting company of the Guthrie Theatre for over 20 years.
Partial filmography
External links
Notes and references
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male stage actors
American male voice actors
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Yoakam |
Lok or LOK may refer to:
Places
Lok, Serbia, a village
Lok, Levice District, Slovakia, a village
Lok, Pakistan, a village
Loka (pronounced Lok): a plane of existence in Dharma
People
Surname Lok (English origin)
Anne Locke, Lock or Lok (1530–after 1590), English poet, translator and Calvinist
William Lok (1480–1550), usher to Henry VIII
Henry Lok (1553?-1608?), English poet, grandson of William Lok
John Lok, English sea captain, son of William Lok
Michael Lok, (c.1532–c.1621), English traveller, son of William Lok
Rose Lok (1526–1613), English writer, daughter of William Lok
Surname Lok (Chinese origin 駱)
Anna Suk-Fong Lok, gastroenterologist at the University of Michigan
Felix Lok (b. 1953), Hong Kong actor
Rose Lok (pilot) (b. 1912)
Lok Kwan Hoi, Hong Kong rower
Surname Lok (Other origins)
Cees Lok (born 1966), Dutch former footballer
Fictional characters
Lok, the protagonist of William Golding's novel The Inheritors
Lok, in the video game series Tak and the Power of Juju
Lok Lambert, the protagonist of Huntik: Secrets and Seekers
Military
Soyuz 7K-LOK, planned Soviet lunar vehicle
LOK (Hellenic Army), Mountain Raider Companies (1946-1975)
LOK, Cypriot National Guard Special Forces Groups
Entertainment
The Legend of Korra, an animated series in the Avatar franchise
Legends of Kesmai, an online game
LOK (band), a Swedish hardcore band active 1995-2002
Politics
Lok (people in Hindi) may refer to:
Lok Sabha or People's Assembly, lower house of the Parliament of India
Political parties
Lok Dal, first to carry the name
Bharatiya Lok Dal
Indian National Lok Dal
Lok Dal (Charan), a political party in India
Lok Janshakti Party
Lok Satta Party
Lok Sewak Sangh
Lok Shakti
Punjab Lok Congress
Rashtriya Lok Dal
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party
See also
Loc (disambiguation)
Lock (disambiguation)
Jana (disambiguation), people in Hindi
Janata (disambiguation), people in Hindi
Awam (disambiguation), people in Urdu
Awami (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok |
Bad Laasphe () is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district.
Geography
Location
The town of Bad Laasphe lies in the upper Lahn Valley, near the stately home of Wittgenstein Castle (de) (nowadays a boarding school) in the former Wittgenstein district. The municipal area is located south of the main crest of the Rothaargebirge, and borders in the north on the towns of Bad Berleburg and Erndtebrück, in the east on the town of Biedenkopf in Hessen, in the southeast on Breidenbach, in the south on Dietzhölztal and in the west on the town of Netphen. Bad Laasphe lies about 30 km east of Siegen and 25 km northwest of Marburg.
The highest elevation in the municipal area rises to 694 m. It lies southwest of the main town at the outlying centre of Heiligenborn.
Constituent communities
Each one of the following centres is part of the town of Bad Laasphe:
History
In 1888, the town of Laasphe lay in the Prussian administrative region of Arnsberg in Wittgenstein district and was connected to the Kreuzthal-Marburg line of the Prussian State Railway (Preußische Staatsbahn). In 1888 Laasphe had a junior teachers' college, a local court and knitwear and hosiery factories. In 1885, Laasphe had 2225 mostly Evangelical inhabitants. Schloss Wittgenstein owned two ironworks. (From Meyers Konversations-Lexikon)
Since 1960, Laasphe has been a Kneipp spa. On 1 January 1984 the town became a Kneipp curative spa for its mild climate, and since then has been called Bad Laasphe.
Government
The results of the local council elections in May 2014 were:
Coat of arms
Bad Laasphe's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In sable a town wall with open gate tower argent flanked by two crenellated towers argent, between which an inescutcheon in argent two pallets sable.
A stamping of the town's seal from the 14th century has been preserved, which shows the same composition as the arms shown here. The inescutcheon (smaller shield within the main one) bears the same arms as the town's former overlords, the Counts of Wittgenstein. When the arms were revised in 1908, the town came up with another composition which looked the same, but the inescutcheon, owing to a misunderstanding, was rather different, being quartered with two opposite quarters showing in gules (red) a castle argent (silver), and in the two other quarters the Wittgenstein pallets. The castle charge was a modern addition and related to the Wittgensteins' overlordship in Homburg. The town archive suggested even then that the inescutcheon bear the old Wittgenstein arms as seen in the town's oldest known seal, but no decision was made about it at that time. Only in 1936 did the town finally decide to revert to the composition shown in the old seal. This was confirmed as the town's arms on 10 March 1937.
Twin towns
Tamworth, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom, since 10 October 1980
Châteauneuf-sur-Loire, France, since 28 September 1991
Notable people
Ludwig Crocius (1586–1655), preacher, professor at Bremen School Illustre
Friedrich Kiel, (1821–1885), composer
Wilhelm Pauck (1901–1981), Protestant church historian
Rudolf Jung (1907–1973), writer and translator
Fritz Heinrich, (1921–1959), German politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag
Otto Piene, (1928–2014), painter and artist
Fritz Roth, born 1955, actor and musician
References
External links
Official site
Bad Laasphe in the Kulturatlas Westfalen (with 360° panoramas)
Old and new town arms at International Civic Heraldry
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Spa towns in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Laasphe |
A synthetic vision system (SVS) is a computer-mediated reality system for aerial vehicles, that uses 3D to provide pilots with clear and intuitive means of understanding their flying environment.
Functionality
Synthetic vision provides situational awareness to the operators by using terrain, obstacle, geo-political, hydrological and other databases. A typical SVS application uses a set of databases stored on board the aircraft, an image generator computer, and a display. Navigation solution is obtained through the use of GPS and inertial reference systems.
Highway In The Sky (HITS), or Path-In-The-Sky, is often used to depict the projected path of the aircraft in perspective view. Pilots acquire instantaneous understanding of the current as well as the future state of the aircraft with respect to the terrain, towers, buildings and other environment features.
History
A forerunner to such systems existed in the 1960s, with the debut into U.S. Navy service of the Grumman A-6 Intruder carrier-based medium-attack aircraft. Designed with a side-by-side seating arrangement for the crew, the Intruder featured an advanced navigation/attack system, called the Digital Integrated Attack and Navigation Equipment (DIANE), which linked the aircraft's radar, navigation and air data systems to a digital computer known as the AN/ASQ-61. Information from DIANE was displayed to both the Pilot and Bombardier/Navigator (BN) through cathode ray tube display screens. In particular, one of those screens, the AN/AVA-1 Vertical Display Indicator (VDI), showed the pilot a synthetic view of the world in front of the aircraft and, in Search Radar Terrain Clearance mode (SRTC), depicted the terrain detected by the radar, which was then displayed as coded lines that represented preset range increments. Called 'Contact Analog', this technology allowed the A-6 to be flown at night, in all weather conditions, at low altitude, and through rugged or mountainous terrain without the need for any visual references.
Synthetic vision was developed by NASA and the U.S. Air Force in the late 1970s and 1980s in support of advanced cockpit research, and in 1990s as part of the Aviation Safety Program. Development of the High Speed Civil Transport fueled NASA research in the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 1980s, the USAF recognized the need to improve cockpit situation awareness to support piloting ever more complex aircraft, and pursued SVS (also called pictorial format avionics) as an integrating technology for both manned and remotely piloted systems.
Simulations and remotely piloted vehicles
In 1979, the FS1 Flight Simulator by Bruce Artwick for the Apple II microcomputer introduced recreational uses of synthetic vision.
NASA used synthetic vision for remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs), such as the High Maneuverability Aerial Testbed or HiMAT. According to the report by NASA, the aircraft was flown by a pilot in a remote cockpit, and control signals up-linked from the flight controls in the remote cockpit on the ground to the aircraft, and aircraft telemetry downlinked to the remote cockpit displays (see photo). The remote cockpit could be configured with either nose camera video or with a 3D synthetic vision display. SV was also used for simulations of the HiMAT. Sarrafian reports that the test pilots found the visual display to be comparable to output of camera on board the RPV.
The 1986 RC Aerochopper simulation by Ambrosia Microcomputer Products, Inc. used synthetic vision to aid aspiring RC aircraft pilots in learning to fly. The system included joystick flight controls which would connect to an Amiga computer and display. The software included a three-dimensional terrain database for the ground as well as some man-made objects. This database was basic, representing the terrain with relatively small numbers of polygons by today's standards. The program simulated the dynamic three-dimensional position and attitude of the aircraft using the terrain database to create a projected 3D perspective display. The realism of this RPV pilot training display was enhanced by allowing the user to adjust the simulated control system delays and other parameters.
Similar research continued in the U.S. military services, and at Universities around the world. In 1995-1996, North Carolina State University flew a 17.5% scale F-18 RPV using Microsoft Flight Simulator to create the three-dimensional projected terrain environment.
In flight
In 2005 a synthetic vision system was installed on a Gulfstream V test aircraft as part of NASA's "Turning Goals Into Reality" program. Much of the experience gained during that program led directly to the introduction of certified SVS on future aircraft. NASA initiated industry involvement in early 2000 with major avionics manufacturers.
Eric Theunissen, a researcher at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, contributed to the development of SVS technology.
At the end of 2007 and early 2008, the FAA certified the Gulfstream Synthetic Vision-Primary flight display (SV-PFD) system for the G350/G450 and G500/G550 business jet aircraft, displaying 3D color terrain images from the Honeywell EGPWS data overlaid with the PFD symbology.
It replaces the traditional blue-over-brown artificial horizon.
In 2017, Avidyne Corporation certified Synthetic Vision capability for its air navigation avionics.
Other glass cockpit systems such as the Garmin G1000 and the Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion offer synthetic terrain.
Lower-cost, non-certified avionics offer synthetic vision like apps available for Android or iPad tablet computers from ForeFlight, Garmin, or Hilton Software
Regulations and standards
See also
Aircraft collision avoidance systems
Enhanced flight vision system
External vision system
Instrument landing system
References
External links
Avionics
Augmented reality
Aircraft collision avoidance systems
ja:バーチャルリアリティー | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20vision%20system |
In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread around the globe.
The letter names of the haplogroups (not just mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) run from A to Z. As haplogroups were named in the order of their discovery, the alphabetical ordering does not have any meaning in terms of actual genetic relationships.
The hypothetical woman at the root of all these groups (meaning just the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living humans. She is commonly called Mitochondrial Eve.
The rate at which mitochondrial DNA mutates is known as the mitochondrial molecular clock. It is an area of ongoing research with one study reporting one mutation per 8000 years.
Phylogeny
This phylogenetic tree is based Van Oven (2009). In June 2022, an alternative phylogeny for haplogroup L was suggested
L (Mitochondrial Eve)
L0
L1-6
L1
L2-6
L5
L2'3'4'6
L2
L3'4'6
L6
L3'4
L4
L3
N
N1: I
N2: W
N9: Y
A
S
X
R
R0 (FMKA pre-HV)
HV: (H, V)
pre-JT or R2'JT
JT: (J, T)
R9: F
R11'B: B
P
U (formerly UK)
U8: K
O
M
M9: E
M12'G: G
M29'Q: Q
D
M8: CZ (C, Z)
Major mtDNA Haplogroups
Macro-haplogroup L
Macro-haplogroup L is the most basal of human mtDNA haplogroups, from which all other haplogroups descend (specifically, from haplogroup L3). It is found mostly in Africa.
Haplogroup L0
L1-7
Haplogroup L1
L2-7
L3'4'6
Haplogroup L2
L346
L34
Haplogroup L3
Haplogroup L4
Haplogroup L6
L5'7
Haplogroup L5
Haplogroup L7
Macro-haplogroup M
Macro-haplogroup M is found mostly in Asia and the Americas. Its descendants are haplogroup M, haplogroup C, haplogroup Z, haplogroup D, haplogroup E, haplogroup G and haplogroup Q.
Macro-haplogroup N
Macro-haplogroup N is found mostly in Australia, the Americas and parts of Asia. Its descendants are haplogroup N, haplogroup O, haplogroup A, haplogroup S, haplogroup I, haplogroup W, haplogroup X and haplogroup Y, as well as macro-haplogroup R.
Macro-haplogroup R
Macro-haplogroup R is found mostly in Europe, Northern Africa, the Pacific and parts of Asia and the Americas. Its descendants are haplogroup R, haplogroup B, haplogroup F, haplogroup H, haplogroup V, haplogroup J, haplogroup T, haplogroup U and haplogroup K
Chronology
Geographical distribution
A 2004 paper suggested that the haplogroups most common in modern West Asian, North African and European populations were:
H, J, K, N1, T, U4, U5, V, X and W.
African haplogroups: L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, T, U5a
Australian haplogroups: M42a, M42c, M14, M15, Q, S, O, N, P. (Refs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Brian Sykes' book The Seven Daughters of Eve listed the seven haplogroups found in Europe as: H, J, K, T, U, V and X.
Asian haplogroups: F, C, W, M, D, N, K, U, T, A, B, C, Z, U many number variants to each section
See also
Human mitochondrial genetics
Genetic genealogy
Matrilineality
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
Population genetics
References
External links
Mitochondrial phylogenetic trees
Mannis van Oven's PhyloTree.org
PhyloD3 – D3.js-based phylogenetic tree based on PhyloTree
Mitochondrial haplogroup skeleton
Vincent Macaulay's Mitochondrial haplogroup motifs
List of mtDNA haplogroup projects
MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations
HaploGrep: mtDNA haplogroup determination based on PhyloTree.org
HaploFind – fast automatic haplogroup assignment pipeline for human mitochondrial DNA
Genetics-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20mitochondrial%20DNA%20haplogroup |
"Expanding Human" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show, first broadcast on 10 October 1964, during the second season.
Control voice (shortened intro)
Introduction
A man experiments with consciousness expanding drugs and accidentally lets loose the monster inside himself.
Opening narration
As far back as men have recorded their history, veils have been lowered to disclose a vast new reality –rents in the fabric of Man's awareness. And somewhere, in the endless search of the curious mind, lies the next vision, the next key to his infinite capacity...
Plot
Professor Peter Wayne is disturbed to hear that his university colleague, Dr. Roy Clinton, is pursuing forbidden drug experiments with a group of graduate students. When one of the students turns up dead, Professor Wayne investigates Clinton's activities. He discovers that consciousness-expansion can have powerful and dangerous consequences.
Closing narration
Some success, some failure, but either way the gnawing hunger to know is never sated, and the road to the unknown continues to be dark and strange.
Cast
(Homeier, Doohan, Andes, Wingreen and Duryea all appeared in Star Trek: The Original Series)
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanding%20Human |
Benedetto Della Vedova (Sondrio, 3 April 1962) is an Italian politician.
A keen pro-Europeanist, Della Vedova is currently president of Forza Europa (FE) and has been secretary of More Europe (+EU), the latter comprising FE and the Italian Radicals. He has held public office multiple times.
Biography
Della Vedova, a long-time Radical, started to be active in politics in 1994, when he followed Marco Pannella, founder and leader of the Radical Party and the Transnational Radical Party, into the Pannella List, of which he was briefly secretary.
During his career, Della Vedova was member of the European Parliament for the Bonino List (1999–2004) – the electoral successor of the Pannella List –, candidate for President of Lombardy (2000), president of the Italian Radicals (2001–2003), founder and president of the Liberal Reformers (2005–2009) – which was then re-booted as Libertiamo –, member of the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia (2006–2008), The People of Freedom (2008–2011) and Future and Freedom (2011–2013), member of the Senate for Future and Freedom (2013), Civic Choice (2013–2015) and the Mixed Group (2015–2018), and under-secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Renzi Cabinet (2014–2016) and Gentiloni Cabinet (2016–2018).
More specifically, from 2001 to 2003 Della Vedova was president of the Italian Radicals, a party launched after the defeat of the Bonino List in the 2001 general election. In 2003 he was the strongest challenger to Daniele Capezzone for the leadership of the party, on a platform based on free-market economic liberalism and the hidden proposal of joining Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right House of Freedoms coalition, but was soundly defeated. In 2005 he left the Italian Radicals, which, under the leadership of Pannella, Bonino and Capezzone, had decided to join forces with the Italian Democratic Socialists in the Rose in the Fist and support Romano Prodi and his centre-left The Union, and launched the Liberal Reformers.
In the 2006 general election Della Vedova was elected to the Chamber of Deputies on the list of Forza Italia, Berlusconi's party and dominant force in the House of Freedoms. Re-elected to the Chamber in the 2008 general election, he later distanced himself from Berlusconi and the centre-right, joined Future and Freedom, was elected senator in the 2013 general election, switched to Civic Choice and was appointed in centre-left governments led by Democratic Prime Ministers.
In 2017 Della Vedova launched Forza Europa and later, in the run-up of the 2018 general election, he was a founding member of More Europe, part of the centre-left coalition. Having been defeated in the single-seat constituency of Prato, Tuscany, he was appointed coordinator of More Europe. In January 2019 he was elected secretary at the party's founding congress.
On 1 March 2021, he was appointed Undersecretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation in the Draghi Cabinet.
References
External links
Personal website
1962 births
Living people
People from the Province of Sondrio
Italian Radicals politicians
Liberal Reformers politicians
The People of Freedom politicians
Future and Freedom politicians
Civic Choice politicians
Deputies of Legislature XV of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XVI of Italy
Senators of Legislature XVII of Italy
Politicians of Lombardy
Italian libertarians
Italian Radicals MEPs
MEPs for Italy 1999–2004
Bocconi University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto%20Della%20Vedova |
History
Bridge 10 over the Erie Canal and Mohawk River in Schenectady. Bridge 10 is a railroad bridge used by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The rails on the bridge were realigned as part of a clearance project in the late 1990s. The double track was removed and replaced by a single set of rails in the center of the bridge. This was to allow the passage of very large steam turbine parts to be moved by rail from Schenectady's General Electric to the Port of Albany.
References
Erie Canal Bridge 10
Bridge 10
Erie Canal Bridge 10
Steel bridges in the United States
Girder bridges in the United States
Truss bridges in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Schenectady County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge%2010%2C%20Erie%20Canal |
Stranraer Academy is a secondary school in Stranraer in south west Scotland. It serves the area of Stranraer, the Rhins, and parts of the Machars.
The original Stranraer Academy was opened in 1845 on the site of the present Stranraer Campus of Dumfries & Galloway College. In 1965 a new Academy (B Block) was built alongside a new High School (A Block), and in 1970 the schools joined together.
Recent history
The Academy is a six-year comprehensive school, with a school roll above 1000, and is the second-most attended secondary school in Dumfries and Galloway. Nearly 100 full- and part-time teachers work at the academy, and are aided by a team of support staff.
In May 2006, the school's rector. Jimmy Higgins announced his retirement following an unfavorable HMIe report in January 2006 and left the following August. After his retirement, Joanna Pallet became Acting Head Teacher until a replacement (Norman Dawson) could be found.
The school received a follow-up report from HMIe January 2008. The inspectorate stated that there have been "significant improvements", particularly in terms of the overall quality of learning and teaching and that there had also been some improvements in pupils' attainment, relative to schools with similar characteristics. They also stated that more now remained to be done to rebuild the school's reputation in the community, improve attainment levels, address staffing difficulties and deal with outstanding health and safety issues.
Buildings
Up to the mid-1990s the school consisted of three buildings built in the 1960s and 70s. At this time Dumfries & Galloway Council drew up plans to rebuild the entire school by 2000. Phase 1 was opened in 1997. In February 2000 A Block was vacated and classes moved into newly refurbished areas in B and C Block, creating a more compact campus. Due to funding problems (particular with [PPP] projects) Phase 2 was continually delayed by the council, along with the demolition of 'A' Block, which lay empty and derelict for five years. After campaigning by the local newspaper, school, school board, and student council, demolition work on 'A' Block finally begun in 2005, being completed in January 2006.
As part of Dumfries and Galloway's £100 million public private partnership (PPP) project to build nine new schools within Dumfries and Galloway (e4d&g), the new school was completed in early 2010.
Delays in completion of Phase 2 of the Academy has led to a deterioration in the building quality of the 1997 New Building, and thus as part of the e4d&g project this building is to be fully refurbished.
Notable former pupils
Jamie Adams, Footballer - St. Johnstone FC
Richard Arkless, SNP Former Member of Parliament for Dumfries and Galloway
Colin Calderwood, Scotland Football International
Craig Hamilton, Scotland Rugby International - Edinburgh Rugby
Emma Harper, SNP Member of the Scottish Parliament for South of Scotland
Allan Jenkins, Footballer - Greenock Morton
Kevin Kyle, Scottish Football International - Professional Footballer
Bobby Lammie, Olympic curler
Allan Little, BBC Foreign Correspondent
Rory Loy, Footballer
David Speirs MP, Australian Politician
Dame Leslie Strathie, Former Chief Executive of HM Revenue and Customs
Fred Urquhart (writer)
Gallery
References
External links
Stranraer Academy's page on Scottish Schools Online
Dumfries and Galloway Council, School Services; Stranraer Academy Information Page
MiniWeb: Schools PPP - Stranraer Academy
Educational institutions established in 1845
Secondary schools in Dumfries and Galloway
Stranraer
1845 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranraer%20Academy |
Aan de Zuwe is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, 3 km south of Wilnis.
It is first mentioned in 1936 as Aan-de-Zuwe, and references the Willenser Zuwe, a canal on which the hamlet is situated. The canal is named after the "sidewards (dike)" of Wilnis . Aan de Zuwe is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Wilnis. There are no place name signs. Aan de Zuwe consists of a dozen houses and 40 to 50 holiday homes.
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
De Ronde Venen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aan%20de%20Zuwe |
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