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Tanjug (/'tʌnjʊg/) (; sometimes stylized as TANJUG) was a Serbian state news agency based in Belgrade, which officially ceased to exist in March 2021. Since then, Belgrade based private company Tanjug Tačno, acquired the rights to use the intellectual property rights and trademarks of the former agency.
History
Founded on 5 November 1943 as Yugoslavia's official news agency, its name is an acronym of its full original native name Telegrafska agencija nove Jugoslavije ("Telegraphic Agency of New Yugoslavia").
From 1975 to the mid-1980s, Tanjug had a leading role in the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP), a collaborating group of news agencies of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Tanjug professionals helped equip and train journalists and technicians of state media in other NAM countries, mainly in Africa and South Asia.
On 31 October 2015, according to media reports, Tanjug ceased its operations due to financial problems. Soon after, state secretary in the Ministry of Culture and Information eventually dispelled these rumors, but acknowledged the difficulties and said a public–private partnership could be the solution to the problem. However, the agency continued working, signed contracts with state bodies and won various public tenders and other jobs related to news agencies. Also, since then most of its former employees are working on part-time contracts and have not guaranteed working rights.
On 9 March 2021, Tanjug officially ceased to exist. Since then, Belgrade based private company Tanjug Tačno, owned by "Minacord media" (majority owner being Željko Joksimović) and "Radiotelevizija Pančevo", acquired the 10-year rights to use the intellectual property rights and trademarks of the agency.
See also
Media agencies in Serbia
References
External links
1943 establishments in Serbia
Companies based in Belgrade
Government-owned companies of Serbia
Mass media companies established in 1943
Mass media in Belgrade
News agencies based in Serbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjug |
Santa Fe College is a public college based in Gainesville, Florida, with satellite campuses in Alachua and Bradford counties. It is part of the Florida College System. It was established in 1965 as Santa Fe Junior College by the Florida Legislature and began offering classes in September 1966. As of Fall 2020, the school had an enrollment of 12,607 students, and offers associate and baccalaureate degree programs.
History
Santa Fe Community College was established by the Florida Legislature in 1965 in response to a request from the Alachua and Bradford County Boards of Public Instruction, which had canvassed the area and learned that the community would be well served if all citizens have the opportunity for an education. Although the original name of the school was Santa Fe Junior College, the name was changed to Santa Fe Community College in 1972. The name sometimes caused confusion with the similarly named college in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
In 2008, Santa Fe Community College officially changed its name to Santa Fe College to emphasize the bachelor's degree programs that it began offering.
Locations
Campuses
Northwest Campus, located in the Northwest side of Gainesville next to I-75, opened in 1972. The campus serves as the main campus for the college.
Centers
Andrews Center, located in Starke, opened in the renovated Bradford County Courthouse in 1985. It expanded in 1991 with the restored Cultural Building and in 2001 with the Lillian Stump Center.
Blount Center, located in downtown Gainesville, opened in 1990. Originally in the renovated 6th Street railroad depot, it expanded in 1993 and again in 2006 with a new classroom building.
Charles R. and Nancy V. Perry Center for Emerging Technologies, located in Alachua, opened in 2009. The Perry Center serves as the home for the new Clinical Laboratory Technology bachelor's degree, as well as the biotechnology degrees.
Davis Center, located in Archer, opened in 2003.
Kirkpatrick Center, located near the Gainesville Regional Airport, opened in 1972. This center, also referred to at the Institute of Public Safety, educates law enforcement and corrections officer recruits and offers programs to train sworn officers. The Kirkpatrick Center also educates students in the Emergency Medical Services and Aviation Sciences programs.
Watson Center, located in Keystone Heights, opened in 2005, with a second building being added in 2006.
Academics
The college has more than 50 accredited technology and applied sciences programs, most which are two-year degrees.
Arts and Sciences Program
Offering an Associate in Arts Degree, the Arts and Sciences Program consists primarily of liberal arts and sciences courses. This program culminates in a two-year liberal arts degree that can be transferred to a university which offers a bachelor's degree. The descriptions, course numbers and content of classes at Santa Fe College are the same as those in the first two years at Florida's public universities.
Santa Fe College's liberal arts courses are also transferable to most public and private four-year schools in the US.
Technology and Applied Sciences Program
Offering the Associate in Science degree or certificate, the Associate in Science program consists of technology and applied sciences courses designed to prepare students for careers in skilled professions. Some of these programs enable them to transfer to a four-year college or university. Programs offered include Dental Assisting, Air Conditioning Repair, Automotive Technology, Child Development, Construction, Public Safety, Information Technology, Cardiovascular Technology, Aviation Safety, Nursing, and Zoo Animal Technology. The Zoo Animal Technology program involves onsite learning through the Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo which is the only college zookeeper training facility in the United States.
Bachelor's degrees
Santa Fe College offers nine bachelor's degrees: Accounting, Clinical Laboratory Science, Early Childhood Education, Health Services Administration, Industrial Biotechnology, Information Systems Technology, Multimedia and Video Production Technology, Nursing, and Organizational Management.
Library
Santa Fe College is supported by the Lawrence W. Tyree Library, which is located in Building Y on the main Northwest Campus. Opened in January 2002, the $10 million building includes a coffee shop, multiple group study rooms of varying sizes, DVD and video viewing stations, computerized classrooms, a conference room and two reference desks.
Additional technology and services available to Santa Fe College students and faculty through the Tyree Library include printers and copiers, BookScan stations, multiple charging stations, quiet study space throughout the third floor, and 87 computers distributed throughout the library's ample study areas, as well as a thorough online library catalog through which patrons can also request books and other media from library collections throughout the state. The library is named in honor of former Santa Fe Community College president, Lawrence W. Tyree.
Athletics
Santa Fe College is represented athletically by the Santa Fe Saints. Five Saints varsity teams play within Region 8 of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA).
Fight Song
In 2009, Santa Fe College adopted a fight song. "Saints Forever" was performed for the first time on Tuesday, April 21, 2009, between softball games in Gainesville. The song was a collaboration between Chris Sharp, the college's director of bands, and Ryan B. Leverone, a Santa Fe College student.
Awards and recognition
In 2009, Santa Fe College was listed 6th in the nation in awarding A.A. degrees by Community College Week.
In 2012 and 2014, the college was named as one of the ten best community colleges in the United States by the Aspen Institute.
In 2015, the Aspen Institute gave the school the Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence as top-rated community college in the United States.
In 2015, Santa Fe College's Lawrence W. Tyree Library received the 2015 Excellence in Academic Libraries Award from the Association of College & Research Libraries.
Notable alumni
Debbie Boyd –– Former member of the Florida House of Representatives
Robin Campbell –– U.S. Olympian from 1980 to 1984
Craig Fugate –– Director of FEMA under President Barack Obama
Adam Kluger –– Businessman, Advertising executive and founder of The Kluger Agency
Connie Mack IV –– Former U.S. Representative and son of former U.S. Senator Connie Mack III
Marco Rubio –– U.S. Senator, candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, former Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives
Karen Thurman –– Former U.S. Representative and Chair of the Florida Democratic Party
Clovis Watson Jr. –– Former member of the Florida House of Representatives and current Alachua County Sheriff.
Jeremy Hunter — Musician and composer known on YouTube as Skatune Network
See also
Santa Fe College Kika Silva Pla Planetarium
Santa Fe College Teaching Zoo
References
External links
Official athletics website
1965 establishments in Florida
Buildings and structures in Gainesville, Florida
Education in Alachua County, Florida
Education in Bradford County, Florida
Education in Gainesville, Florida
Universities and colleges established in 1965
Florida College System
NJCAA athletics
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Fe%20College |
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, FRS (30 November 1614 – 29 December 1680) was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665, he was a Royalist supporter before being falsely implicated by Titus Oates in the later discredited "Popish Plot", and executed for treason. He was beatified as a Catholic martyr by Pope Pius XI in 1929.
Early life
William grew up in a nominally Anglican household, his father having converted to the Church of England in 1616. William was undoubtedly exposed to Roman Catholic influences, as almost all of the Howard family remained loyal in private to that faith, even if they
conformed outwardly to the Established Church.
His grandfather, Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel had been imprisoned by Elizabeth I in the Tower of London for being a Catholic and had died there in 1595 after 10 years' imprisonment. In 1620, William was placed in the household of Samuel Harsnett, Bishop of Norwich for an education, then attended St John's College, Cambridge, at age 11 in 1624, but did not receive a degree. He was still regarded as a member of the Church of England in 1633, when he was listed as an Ecclesiastical Commissioner.
Marriage and children
He married Mary, daughter of Edward Stafford (died 1621) and Ann Wilford, and sister of Henry Stafford, 5th Baron Stafford (died 1637) by a licence granted 11 October 1637. The Staffords were Catholics and the marriage was conducted by a Catholic, not an Anglican, priest, to the reported embarrassment of the groom's father. Following Henry Stafford's death, and the forced (and probably illegal) surrender of the barony, on the ground of his poverty, by the next heir, Mary's distant cousin Roger Stafford, 6th Baron Stafford in 1637, the Howard family secured the title for William, he and Mary being created Baron and Baroness Stafford on 12 September 1640. Two months later, William was created Viscount Stafford. The couple had 3 sons and 6 daughters, of whom at least 8 are known:
Henry Stafford Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford, 2nd Viscount Stafford, who married Claude-Charlotte, daughter of Philibert de Gramont and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Hamilton; died without issue and was succeeded by his brother John's son William.
John Stafford Howard, who married firstly Mary, daughter of Sir John Southcote of Merstham; married secondly Theresa, daughter of Robert Strickland; father of William, 2nd Earl of Stafford and John, 4th and last Earl.
Francis Stafford Howard, who married Eleanor, daughter of Henry Stafford.
Ursula Stafford Howard, who became a nun.
Delphina Stafford Howard, who became a nun at Leuven: she published her father's last letter to her, in which he wrote in moving terms of his innocence of the charges of treason brought against him.
Alethea Stafford Howard, who became a nun.
Isabella Stafford Howard, who in 1669 married as his third wife John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester, but had no issue.
Anastasia Stafford Howard, who married George Holman, of Warkworth, Northamptonshire, and had issue including Anne, who married her cousin William, 2nd Earl of Stafford.
Exile and return
William and his family left England in August 1641, moving to Antwerp; his parents had also left England and were living in the same area. He was allowed by Parliament to return to England with his wife for a time in 1646 and 1647, but in 1649 his estates were sequestered and he was forced to compound for recusancy and royalism. At his trial in 1680, he claimed to have performed many duties for King Charles II during the 1650s, travelling between England and the Low Countries, and visiting Rome, the Palatinate and Heidelberg; in this last, he was arrested for claims of debt against the Arundel estate. Stafford was imprisoned in 1656 in the Netherlands, this time for his father's debts. There were many family quarrels over the Howard inheritance, especially between William and his elder brother's family, who pursued a series of lawsuits against William and his mother for money allegedly due to them.
Stafford's principal character flaw seems to have been his quarrelsome nature. During the Popish Plot, he pointed out the absurdity of linking him with Lord Arundell as a co-conspirator, since it was well known that they had not been on speaking terms for 25 years. Over the years he quarrelled with many of his Howard relations, including Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, the head of the family, which was to prove unfortunate for him in 1680 when several of his Howard cousins sat as his judges to try him for treason. According to John Evelyn, an eye-witness, of his close relatives in the House of Lords who sat in judgement, only the Earl of Arundel voted Not Guilty, showing, as Evelyn rightly remarked, that Stafford was a man "not beloved by his family".
He returned to England at the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 and was restored to his estates. By now he had long since abandoned the Anglican faith. He was never really prominent in political affairs nor among the Catholic community, although he did promote the removal of the anti-Catholic penal laws with King Charles II and James, Duke of York, and in the 1670s he apparently tried to mediate between James and the leaders of the Whig opposition. At his trial in 1680, he said vaguely that he might have promoted a policy of religious toleration in his speeches in the House of Lords, but could not remember this in any detail. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665 onwards, becoming a council member in 1672.
His relative obscurity was held against him during the Plot; informers like Stephen Dugdale cunningly invented quite plausible speeches in which he lamented the King's ingratitude and the lack of reward the Howards had received for their loyalty. In fact, Stafford, like his fellow Plot victim John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse, thought that under the tolerant regime of Charles II, himself widely believed to be a secret Catholic, the Catholic nobility were as well off as they could reasonably expect to be; at his trial, he maintained that he had always argued that "we (i.e the Catholic peers) have no other interest than to be quiet." For example, it was well known to the authorities that the Catholic Mass was regularly celebrated at his London townhouse, but no action was taken against him as a result. He was frequently abroad: his visits to Paris in the late 1670s, though apparently quite innocent, were later to have fatal results, when he was accused by the informer Edward Turberville of going to Paris to hire a killer to assassinate Charles II. Stafford for his part denied that he had ever seen Turberville in his life.
Popish Plot
In 1678, he was implicated in Titus Oates's later discredited "Popish Plot", and sent to the Tower of London on 31 October 1678, along with four other Catholic peers. They were due to be put on trial in early 1679, but Charles prorogued Parliament and it was delayed. The King initially seems to have had some suspicions about Stafford's loyalty, especially after hearing the seemingly plausible evidence of the informer Stephen Dugdale, and went so far as to offer Stafford a royal pardon if he would confess; but he later altered his opinion. Scepticism about the plot grew and it was thought that the imprisoned peers might be released, but anti-Catholic feelings revived in 1680 and Stafford was put on trial in November for treason. As a peer he claimed the privilege of peerage to be tried before the House of Lords, presided over by the Lord High Steward. As events would show, however, a peer could not take the sympathy of his fellow peers, even those peers who were his blood relations, for granted.
Trial
Trial began on 30 November 1680 (O.S.) at Westminster Hall, and the evidence and arguments closed on 6 December. The main evidence against Stafford came from Titus Oates, who said he had seen a document from the Pope naming Stafford as a conspirator; and from Stephen Dugdale, who testified that Stafford had tried to persuade him to kill the King when Stafford was visiting Dugdale's employers, the Astons, at their country house, Tixall, Staffordshire. A third and particularly dangerous witness, Edward Turberville (a professional soldier, and thus a plausible choice as an assassin) said that he had visited Stafford in Paris in 1676, where Stafford had tried to bribe him to kill Charles II. There were several inconsistencies in his story, especially concerning the relevant dates, but Stafford, lacking expert legal assistance, failed to exploit them properly.
Stafford, like all those who were charged with treason until the passage of the Treason Act 1695, was denied defence counsel and forced to conduct his own defence, bringing forward witnesses to counter the evidence against him. One such witness would have been Richard Gerard of Hilderstone, who had come to London to testify on Stafford's behalf but was imprisoned on the word of Stephen Dugdale; Gerard died in jail before the trial. Although the Lord High Steward, Heneage Finch, conducted the trial with exemplary fairness, this was not enough to secure Stafford's acquittal: while Stafford maintained his innocence with vigour, John Evelyn, a spectator, thought his speeches "very confused and without method". He failed, where a good defence counsel might have succeeded, in exposing the inconsistencies in the evidence of Turberville, or to discredit the unsavoury Oates, whose public standing had declined notably over the preceding year. As Evelyn also noted Stafford was "not a man beloved by his own family", and seven out of eight peers of the Howard dynasty who sat on the Court voted him Guilty. Some contemporaries, however, felt that Stafford defended himself well, under the circumstances: "yet did the prisoner, under all these disadvantages, make a better defence than was expected, either by his friends or his enemies"
A vote was taken of the peers in a roll call on 7 December 1680 (O.S., 17 December 1680 N.S.) . Stafford was convicted by a majority of 55 votes of Guilty to 31 of Not Guilty and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, the punishment of traitors, which was commuted by the King to beheading. The King, even though he is not thought to have had much personal regard for the unpopular Stafford, later said that he had signed the death warrant "with tears in his eyes", but in the current state of public opinion, a reprieve was impossible. Charles added that Stafford's accusers had his blood on their hands, just as he later told the Earl of Essex that the blood of Oliver Plunkett was on his head.
Execution
Stafford was executed on Tower Hill on 29 December 1680. Gilbert Burnet wrote that he was quickly forgotten, but others thought that the publication of a version of his final words, addressed to his daughter Delphina (who was a nun at Leuven), in which he spoke eloquently of his innocence – "My good child, I pray God bless you. ...Your poor old father hath this comfort, that he is totally innocent" – helped to turn public opinion against the Plot. The early deaths of Dugdale and Turberville, the principal informers against him, were seen by some as proof of the innocence of Stafford and other victims of the plot: Stafford himself was said to have prophesied (correctly) that Turberville would follow him to the grave within the year. To the surprise of many, Turberville to the very last maintained the truth of his charges against Stafford: Gilbert Burnet thought Stafford's innocence or guilt a mystery beyond solution.
Attainder
Stafford was attainted and the family lost the title. The well-intentioned efforts of King James II in 1685 to have the attainder reversed failed, due to deadlock between the two Houses of Parliament on the issue, and later to the King's unwillingness to recall his increasingly obstructive Parliament. The title of Baron Stafford was returned to the Howard line in 1824, with the attainder being reversed, but the title of Viscount was extinct as there were no male heirs. His widow, Mary, had her titles restored with the accession of James II, as a consolation for the failure to reverse the attainder on her husband, and she was created Countess of Stafford on 5 October 1688, at the same time her son was created Earl of Stafford.
Legacy
William Howard was beatified by Pope Pius XI on 15 December 1929.
There is a stained glass window of Howard in Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire.
Blessed William Howard Catholic School in Stafford, Staffordshire, England is named after him in his honour.
Ancestry
Notes
References
External links
Blessed William Howard High School Stafford U.K.
Speech given from the scaffold by Blessed William Howard
1614 births
1680 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
English beatified people
Cavaliers
William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford
Barons Stafford (1640 creation)
People executed under the Stuarts for treason against England
Executed English people
Victims of the Popish Plot
Recusants
17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
16th-century venerated Christians
Fellows of the Royal Society
People executed by Stuart England by decapitation
Viscounts in the Peerage of England
Place of birth missing
English politicians convicted of crimes
One Hundred and Seven Martyrs of England and Wales
Younger sons of earls
Impeached British officials | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Howard%2C%201st%20Viscount%20Stafford |
List of programs broadcast by ABC may refer to:
List of programs broadcast by ABC (American TV network)
List of programs broadcast by ABC (Australian TV network) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20programs%20broadcast%20by%20ABC |
Erik Guay () (born August 5, 1981) is a Canadian former World Cup alpine ski racer. Racing out of Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Guay won the World Cup season title in super-G in 2010 and was the world champion in downhill in 2011, as well as in the super-G in 2017. With 25 World Cup podiums, he is the career leader for Canada.
Career
Born in Montreal, Guay was five when he competed in his first ski race, and when he was twelve his father, himself a ski team coach, took him for professional coaching.
His first podium came in November 2003, when he finished 2nd in a downhill at Lake Louise. He finished in second twice in 2005 in the super-G and third once in downhill. Guay suffered an injury two weeks before the 2006 Winter Olympics, and withdrew from the downhill but finished in fourth place in the super-G, missing the podium by a tenth of a second.
He won his first World Cup race the following season at Garmisch, Germany. He was the first Canadian to win a World Cup men's downhill race since 1994, and the first man ever from Québec. Guay's performance in alpine skiing over the 2007 season was enough to place him in third position in the final world cup standings. In 2009, Guay achieved ten top-20 finishes in World Cup speed events but reached only one podium, a third.
The 2010 Winter Olympics took place on home soil for Guay and he competed in three events in Whistler, where he narrowly missed the podium finishing in fifth place twice. Following the games, he achieved three straight podiums during March, including wins in the last two super-G races of the season, which enabled him to come from behind to win the discipline trophy in super-G in 2010 Alpine Skiing World Cup. Guay became the first Canadian man to win a crystal globe for a discipline title since Steve Podborski in 1982.
Guay struggled with knee issues during the 2011 season, forcing him to miss events at both Kitzbühel and Wengen. During the 2011 World Championships at Garmisch, Guay won the downhill after not finishing the super-G earlier in the week. The win was Guay's only World Championship medal, and the second consecutive Canadian to win the world title in downhill, following John Kucera in 2009.
Guay continued to find the podium during the 2014 season. His victory at Val Gardena in December was his fourth and the twentieth World Cup podium of his career, tying him with Steve Podborski as Canada's all-time leader. A week later he took third at Bormio to take the career lead. This boosted Guay's hopes of achieving his dream of winning an Olympic medal. Going into Sochi, Guay stated, "I won't be satisfied if I don't walk away with a medal." An injury though threatened his ability to perform at his peak after suffering a slight meniscus tear earlier in January. He finished tenth in the downhill and missed a late gate in the super-G and was disqualified. The following week, he won a downhill at Kvitfjell, Norway. Guay missed all of the 2015 season recovering from his sixth knee surgery.
At the 2017 World Championships in St. Moritz, Guay won the super-G event. At 35, Guay became the oldest World Champion ever, replacing incumbent super-G champion Hannes Reichelt. That weekend, Guay also placed second in the downhill event.
Guay was unable to participate in the alpine skiing events at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang because of a back injury.
Hours before Guay was supposed to compete at Lake Louise in November 2018, he decided to retire from the sport after his teammate Manuel Osborne-Paradis suffered a violent crash. He had already planned to retire after the end of the season but hastened his departure after hearing that Osborne-Paradis had needed an emergency airlift.
Personal life
Guay and his wife Karen have four daughters and they live in Mont-Tremblant.
He is of Norwegian descent through one grandmother.
Since 2009, Erik Guay has been part of the Tremblant athletes ambassadors program.
World Cup results
Season titles
Season standings
Race podiums
5 wins – (3 DH, 2 SG)
25 podiums – (17 DH, 7 SG)
World Championship results
References
External links
Erik Guay World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
Alpine Canada.org – national ski team – athletes – Erik Guay
Head Skis – athletes – Erik Guay
1981 births
Living people
Canadian male alpine skiers
Skiers from Montreal
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Canada
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions
Canadian people of Norwegian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Guay |
The Apostolic Church of Queensland is an Australian Christian denomination. It was founded in Queensland, Australia, by H. F. Niemeyer and took its current name in 1911.
The church's logo is a 4R-symbol. The four "R"s stand for: RIGHT - ROYAL - RIGHTEOUS - RICH:
RIGHT according to the bible
ROYAL as the Bride to have membership with Christ
RIGHTEOUS in partaking of the body and blood of Christ
RICH in the promises Christ gave to his apostles
References
Further reading
External links
Official website
Catholic Apostolic Church denominations
Christian denominations in Australia
1883 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic%20Church%20of%20Queensland |
Freudenberg is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange.
Geography
Location
Freudenberg lies in hilly uplands between 243 and 505 m above sea level. The 17 constituent communities share roughly 55 km², of which two thirds is made up of broadleaf and spruce forest.
Constituent communities
Besides the main town, which bears the same name as the whole municipality, there are sixteen outlying centres named Alchen, Bottenberg, Bühl, Büschergrund, Dirlenbach, Heisberg, Hohenhain, Lindenberg, Mausbach, Niederheuslingen, Niederholzklau, Niederndorf, Oberfischbach, Oberheuslingen, Oberholzklau and Plittershagen. Among these, the main town is the biggest, and the next in size after that is Büschergrund, which is itself further subdivided into four parts, named Büschen, Eichen, Anstoß and Bockseifen.
History
The town of Freudenberg in its current form came into being through municipal reform on 1 January 1969. Into it the seventeen formerly self-standing municipalities of Alchen, Bottenberg, Bühl, Büschergrund, Dirlenbach, Freudenberg, Heisberg, Hohenhain, Lindenberg, Mausbach, Niederheuslingen, Niederholzklau, Niederndorf, Oberfischbach, Oberheuslingen, Oberholzklau and Plittershagen were merged into one.
The oldest constituent communities are most likely the two that were both mentioned in documents in the 11th century, namely Plittershagen and Oberholzklau in 1079. Freudenberg is known to have been an Amt and court seat as of the early 15th century. The village and the castle of Freudenberg had their first documentary mention in 1389.
The castle was founded over the Weibe Valley together with a settlement by the Counts of Nassau as a corner post of their domain. Count Johann IV of Nassau, Vianden and Diez gave the Freudenberg townsfolk their "freedom rights" on 7 November 1456. This was a kind of minimal town rights, but the document bestowing this distinction upon the town is taken as evidence of town rights being granted Freudenberg. Documents give clues that Freudenberg was established quite early on as a "Flecken", or market town. The historic town core is even still called Alter Flecken (alt means "old"; –er is a grammatical inflection).
In 1540, both the castle and the town were heavily damaged by a fire. On William the Rich's orders, there came into being about the mid 16th century new building works. The market town was given a new town wall with four gates. In the northwest, the Hohenhainer Tor was built, in the northeast the Weihertor, in the southeast the Braastor and in the southwest the Schultor (Tor means "gate"). However, owing to yet another town fire on 9 August 1666, the town was once again laid waste. Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen built the town anew, using much the same layout, planned in 1540, as had stood before the fire. The castle, however, was not restored, and to this day, all that can be seen of it are a few wall remains.
In 1969, the new, greater Freudenberg came into being with the merger of the seventeen former municipalities named herein.
Politics
Town council
The town council is elected roughly every 5 years. Its composition is listed below:
Coat of arms
The charge in Freudenberg's civic coat of arms is variously interpreted as a castle or a town gate. If the later is the case, it might heraldically be described thus: In azure a crenellated town gate Or with two crenellated towers Or. In either case, the town's current arms, granted in 1911 and confirmed in 1970, are based on the town's oldest known seal, from 1473. This seal's colours were not known; the blue and gold seen today are the colours of the old princely house of Nassau-Siegen.
Town partnerships
Mór, Hungary, arising from youth exchanges.
Culture and sightseeing
Theatre
At the Südwestfälische Freilichtbühne Freudenberg (Freudenberg South Westphalian Open-air Stage), before a breathtaking backdrop of forest and crags, two new productions are staged every year for children and adults. Yearly, about 50,000 visitors come to the open-air stage with its roofed grandstand.
Museums
The town museum (Stadtmuseum) has exhibits relating to local history and economic history. Especially worth seeing is the House's clock collection. The Technical Museum (Technikmuseum) has on display exhibits relating to trade and industrial history from the region. The museum's centrepiece is a steam engine built in 1904. As well, the museum has a variety of wheeled vehicles on display.
Buildings
The "Alter Flecken" is Freudenberg's downtown core, built wholly of half-timbered houses. It gives the impression of a small town from the 17th century. The Alter Flecken was included in the Kulturatlas des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (Cultural Atlas of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia) as a "Building monument of international importance". The Evangelical church, after Freudenberg got its own parish in 1585, was built as a "fortress church" (i.e. with architecture somewhat reminiscent of a military fortification). The belltower is the only one of the former castle's towers still left standing.
The church in Oberholzklau was built early in the 13th century and is worth seeing as a Romanesque church whose architecture nevertheless plainly shows transition to Gothic. The rectory next door, built in half-timbered style, is from 1608.
Film backdrop
The prim and proper seeming town has served in, among others, Detlev Buck's film as an allegory of a decent, middle-class small town in which behind the scenes things stink. Likewise, the town served as the backdrop in the film Lupo und der Muezzin (Diana Film, Munich).
Economy and infrastructure
The town is crossed from north to southeast by Autobahn A 45. Until the 1980s, there was also a railway connection through the Biggetalbahn to Olpe in the north and through the Asdorftalbahn to Betzdorf in the south. Nowadays, a great deal of the former right-of-way has been turned into bicycle trails or filled in with earth.
Personalities
Former mayor Hermann Vomhof is at this time Freudenberg's only honorary citizen. Freudenberg is the ancestral village of Apollo XI Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, a descendant of Freudenberg Burgermeister Jacob Friesenhagen, circa 1660.
Sons and daughters of the city
Wigand Siebel (1929-2014), sociologist
Hans-Ulrich Wehler (1931-2014), historian
Sven Michel (born 1990), footballer
References
External links
Freudenberg
Alchen
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudenberg%2C%20Westphalia |
Paul of Narbonne (3rd century AD) was one of the "apostles to the Gauls" sent out (probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236–250) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250-251 AD) to Christianize Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities. According to the hagiographies, Fabian sent out seven bishops from Rome to Gaul to preach the Gospel: Gatien to Tours, Trophimus to Arles, Paul to Narbonne, Saturnin to Toulouse, Denis to Paris, Austromoine to Clermont, and Martial to Limoges.
Gregory of Tours (Historia Francorum I, 30), using the acta of Saturninus, affirms that Paul was among those priests consecrated at Rome and sent to replant the Christian communities in Gaul. Saturninus of Toulouse and Dionysius (Denis) of Paris were martyred, but Paul survived to establish the church at Narbonne as its first bishop and die in peace. The claim of Prudentius that Paul's association with the city of Narbonne had made it famous may be read as literary hyperbole. There is a brief Vita Antiqua perhaps of the 6th century, which has been edited by the Bollandists. It tells that Paul converted the inhabitants of Béziers, setting over them a bishop, Aphrodisius, before turning his attention to Narbonne, where he founded two churches. An anecdote recounts how two of his acolytes set a woman's slippers at the foot of his bed, to accuse him of improprieties, but Paul was able miraculously to confound and pardon them.
Identification with Sergius Paulus
Medieval legends moved the seven apostles of Gaul back in time to the apostolic generation (see especially Martial of Limoges), in order to strengthen local traditions with apostolic connections; such a legend identified third-century Paul with the Roman proconsul Sergius Paulus, who was converted by Paul the Apostle (). The historical Paul is still venerated in Narbonne as Saint Paul-Serge through this connection. He is said to have been accompanied by Aphrodisius, who later became the first bishop of Béziers and whom developing tradition identified as the man who sheltered the Holy Family during their flight into Egypt.
At Narbonne the basilica of Saint-Paul-Serge is a collegiate church built over the burial site of Paul, the first bishop. The site is at the border of an extensive necropolis of early Christian burials. The early shrine was a small basilica, 12 meters by 6.5 meters, built in the 4th century, destroyed by fire in the 5th century, then occupied by a monastery. As a place of pilgrimage first mentioned in 782 it was rebuilt more than once, most recently between 1180 and 1200, during a period of renewed urban prosperity, reusing old materials and always retaining its ancient foundations. After a fire, work on rebuilding the choir resumed from 1224. The paleochristian crypts survive, with 2nd-3rd century mosaic flooring and sarcophagi.
The basilica became the center of the Bourg Saint Paul sited somewhat apart from the Roman citadel of Narbonne, protected by its own walls and retaining its own separate consuls. "Saint Paul's frog", recognizable in the veinings of a marble stoup, has given rise to fanciful anecdotes.
References
External links
"Saint Paul-Serge (Narbonne)" (in French)
3rd-century bishops in Gaul
Bishops of Narbonne
3rd-century Christian saints
Gallo-Roman saints | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20of%20Narbonne |
Palawan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) is a Philippine media network. Its corporate office is located in Puerto Princesa.
History
PBC was established in 1965 by Ramon Oliveros (Ray Oliver) Decolongon. It launched DYPR, the first local radio station to serve the island of Palawan.
The station faced many difficulties in its early years. Although Palawan could receive some broadcasts from Manila and neighbouring Visayan islands, radio ownership among the 20,000-strong population was not high. The Tinio Electric Plant provided electricity only from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and to less than half the population. Then, in 1966, Decolongon was killed in a plane crash: his father, Emilio Decolongon, took over as company president.
In September 1972, martial law was declared throughout the Philippines and all broadcasting stations were shut down, but DYPR was able to reopen fairly quickly after making its case as a provider of essential services. The station had become a part of the communications of the island, broadcasting urgent personal messages—known as Panawagans—as a free service to the community. , radio broadcast languages include Tagalog and Ilocano, and DYPR is affiliated to Radio Mindanao Network, Inc. (RMN).
In 1986, PBC began television broadcasts. The station has been affiliated with ABS-CBN, which provides some television content until the National Telecommunications Commission issued a cease and desist order after the latter failed to obtain a franchise from the Philippine Congress on May 5, 2020.
On March 9, 2021, PBC President Lourdes Ilustre, who was also dubbed as the 'Mother of Broadcast in Palawan,' announced the relaunch of DYPR through a daily newscast program in one local station as a starter. It currently supplied news content and produces morning and afternoon news programs from Monday to Friday initially on DWIZ Palawan of Aliw Broadcasting Corporation from April 2021 to January 2022 and on One FM Palawan of Radio Corporation of the Philippines from January 2022.
On May 18, 2021, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11541 which granted Palawan Broadcasting Corporation's legislative franchise for 25 years. The law grants Palawan Broadcasting Corporation a franchise to construct, install, operate, and maintain, for commercial purposes, radio broadcasting stations and television stations, including digital television system, with the corresponding facilities such as relay stations, throughout the Philippines.
PBC Stations
TV stations
TV-7 Puerto Princesa
Translators:
DYEP-TV 10 Sofronio Española, Palawan
Cable TV Stations in Palawan:
Calamianes Cable Television, Inc. - Coron, Palawan
Cignal Digital TV - Palawan
Culion CATV Services, Inc. - Culion, Palawan
Cuyo Cable TV Corporation - Cuyo, Palawan
Destiny Cable - Puerto Princesa City
Dream Satellite TV - Palawan
Palawan Cable Television Corporation - Puerto Princesa City
Puerto Princesa CATV, Inc. - Puerto Princesa City
Roxas Cable Television, Inc. - Roxas, Palawan
Sky Direct - Palawan
Taytay CATV Service - Taytay, Palawan
Treasure Cable Television, Inc. - Cuyo, Palawan
Vinta Cable Services - Brooke's Point, Palawan
Vinta Cable Services - Narra, Palawan
Radio stations
Former Stations
References
Further reading
Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines
DYPR
Radio stations in the Philippines
Television networks in the Philippines
Mass media in Puerto Princesa
Radio stations established in 1965
Television channels and stations established in 1986
Philippine companies established in 1965
Mass media companies established in 1965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan%20Broadcasting%20Corporation |
The Arcus Argentariorum (Latin: Arch of the Money-Changers; in Italian: Arco degli Argentari), is an ancient Roman arch that was partly incorporated in the seventh century into the western wall of the nearby church of San Giorgio al Velabro in Rome, Italy.
History
It is a widespread misconception that it is a triumphal arch, but it is in fact entirely different in form, with no curves and more resembling an architrave. Its actual purpose is unknown, but the most probable scenario is that it formed a monumental gate where the vicus Jugarius entered the Forum Boarium. As the dedicatory inscription says, it was commissioned not by the state or emperor, but by the local money-changers (argentarii) and merchants (negotiantes), in honour of Septimius Severus and his family. The top was possibly once decorated with statues of the imperial family, now long gone.
It was finished in 204 AD and is tall and the passage (between two thick pillars supporting a flat lintel) is wide. It is built of white marble, except for the base which is of travertine. The dedicatory inscription is framed by two bas-reliefs representing Hercules and a genius. The panels lining the passage present two sacrificial scenes — on the right (east), Septimius Severus, Julia Domna and Geta, and on the left (west) side Caracalla with his wife Fulvia Plautilla and father-in-law Gaius Fulvius Plautianus.
The figures of Caracalla's brother, father in law and wife on the passage panels and on the banners on the outside, and their names on the dedicatory inscription, were chiselled out after Caracalla seized sole power and assassinated them.
These sacrificial scenes gave rise to the popular but incorrect saying about the arch that
Past treasure-hunters interpreted this to mean that there was a treasure hidden inside the arch. They drilled many holes in it, which are still visible.
Above the main reliefs, are smaller panels with Victories or eagles holding up victors' wreaths, and beneath them more sacrificial scenes. The external decoration of the pillars includes soldiers, barbarian prisoners, military banners (with busts of the imperial family) and a now-damaged figure in a short tunic.
See also
List of Roman triumphal arches
References
"Passeggiate Romane"
Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome
204 establishments
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century
Rome R. XII Ripa
Septimius Severus
Caracalla | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus%20Argentariorum |
Freudenberg is a municipality in the Amberg-Sulzbach district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km north-east of Amberg.
References
Amberg-Sulzbach | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudenberg%2C%20Bavaria |
Smallpipes may refer to one of two kinds of bagpipes:
The Northumbrian smallpipes
The Scottish smallpipes
See also
Border pipes, an instrument often confused with the Scottish smallpipes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpipe |
Lawrence Arthur Goldstone (1903–1998), better known by his pen name, Lawrence Treat, was an American mystery writer, a pioneer of the genre of novels that became known as police procedurals. Treat began his professional life as a lawyer, having attended Dartmouth College and Columbia Law School. When his law firm broke up in 1928, shortly after he had begun to work there, he traveled to Paris. A friend living in Brittany provided him with free room and board, and Goldstone decided to settle down and teach himself to write. His knowledge of law led him to try his hand at crime writing. He sold his very first novel and returned to the United States to write full-time.
In a career that would span over seventy years, Treat wrote several hundred short stories for mystery magazines and other publications. He was a founding member of the Mystery Writers of America and a two-time winner of the MWA's Edgar Award. His first award came in 1965, for the short story "H as in Homicide"; his second was a Special Edgar Award in 1978 for editing a new edition of the Mystery Writer's Handbook, the MWA's guide for aspiring mystery writers, first published in 1956.
As a member of the League of American Writers, he served on its Keep America Out of War Committee in January 1940 during the period of the Hitler-Stalin pact. He died on January 7, 1998, in his hometown of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts at the age of 94.
Selected works
Run Far, Run Fast (1937)
B as in Banshee (1940)
D as in Dead (1941)
H as in Hangman (1942)
O as in Omen (1943)
Wail for the Corpses (1943)
Leather Man (1944)
V as in Victim (1945)
H as in Hunted (1946)
Q as in Quicksand (1947)
T as in Trapped (1947)
F as in Flight (1948)
Over the Edge (1948)
Trial and Terror (1949)
Big Shot (1951)
Lady, Drop Dead (1960)
Venus Unarmed (1961)
P as in Police (edited by Ellery Queen) (1970)
Crime and Puzzlement (1981)
Crime and Puzzlement 2 (1982)
The Clue Armchair Detective (1983)
Crime and Puzzlement 3 (1988)
Crime and Puzzlement 4: My Cousin Phoebe (1991)
Crime and Puzzlement 5: On Martha's Vineyard, Mostly (1993)
References
1903 births
1998 deaths
American male novelists
American mystery writers
Edgar Award winners
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Dartmouth College alumni
Columbia Law School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Treat |
François Bourque (born November 18, 1984 in New Richmond, Quebec) is a Canadian alpine skier.
François Bourque Began his national debut in 2002. Bourque won the super-G event at the 2003 Junior World Championships and the combined event at the 2004 Junior World Championships. In the 2005 season, he picked up a third-place finish in the super-G in a World Cup event in Garmisch, Germany. In the 2006 season he picked up another third-place finish at a World Cup event, this time in the Giant Slalom in Alta Badia, Italy. At the 2006 Winter Olympics Bourque finished in 4th place in the Giant Slalom event and 8th place in the Super-G event.
References
Canadian male alpine skiers
French Quebecers
People from Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
Sportspeople from Quebec
1984 births
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for Canada
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Bourque |
Katherine Hubay Smith Peterson Canavan (born 1949) served as a United States diplomat and career foreign service officer for 35 years.
She retired in November 2011 and has since supported a number of military courses and exercises as a Subject Matter Expert and role player, particularly when they involve an Ambassador, Country Team and the Interagency. She serves on the board of trustees for the Una Chapman Cox Foundation and is on the board of the American Academy of Diplomacy.
In 2008 Ms. Canavan transferred to the United States European Command in Stuttgart, Germany where she initially served as the Foreign Policy Advisor to the Commander, General John Craddock. In 2009, the new European Command Commander, Admiral James Stavridis, asked her to become the first Civilian Deputy to the Commander in addition to Foreign Policy Advisor, and she served in that position until August 2011.
Prior to her assignment to the European Command, she served as United States Ambassador to the Republic of Botswana, while simultaneously serving as the Secretary of State’s Special Representative to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) (2005–2008). From 2001–2005, she served as the director of the Department of State's Foreign Service Institute under Secretary Colin Powell.
In 1998, she was appointed by President Clinton as the U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Lesotho. Prior to receiving her ambassadorial appointment, Ms. Canavan was the Managing Director of Overseas Citizen Services (OCS) in the Bureau of Consular Affairs, during which time OCS handled the evacuations of private American citizens in 12 countries (1996–1998). Her tour in OCS followed three years in Windhoek, Namibia, as the Deputy Chief of Mission.
Ms. Canavan entered the Foreign Service in 1976, after serving nearly three years as a Peace Corps volunteer in Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She spent the first three and a half years of her career in the Bureau of African Affairs, serving as a regional affairs officer, staff assistant to the Assistant Secretary, desk officer and press officer. In 1979, she transferred to Kingston, Jamaica, where she worked on the non-immigrant visa line and served as Chief of the NIV section.
Returning to the Department in late 1981, Ms. Canavan worked briefly in the Office of Caribbean Affairs before starting the five-month Mid-Level Course in February 1982. She then moved over to the Foreign Service Institute’s Orientation Division where she was Deputy Coordinator and taught the A-100 class and other orientation courses for two and a half years. From March 1985 to March 1987, she was the Division Chief for Latin America in the Office of Overseas Citizen Services, where her division focused on non-emergency services to Americans, including citizenship determinations. She also worked on task forces for the several terrorist aircraft and ship hijackings that took place during that period.
Building on her initial experience in OCS, Ambassador Canavan transferred to Tijuana, Mexico, as the Chief of American Citizen Services. As the most visited foreign city by Americans, Tijuana had nearly 20% of all the arrest cases worldwide. She left Tijuana in 1990 to take over the Junior Officer Division in the Office of Career Development and Assignments, and after two years in that position, was selected for senior training at the National War College (Class of ’93).
Ms. Canavan received the Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award in 2011, Presidential Rank Awards in 2003 and 2007, and throughout her career received numerous other awards, including Senior Performance Pay, Superior Honor Awards, and Meritorious Honor Awards. She retired at the rank of Career Minister, the second highest in the Foreign Service.
Katherine Canavan was born in Southern California, and has a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is married to Lieutenant General Retired Michael Canavan.
Notes
References
State Department Biography of Canavan
Department of State out-of-date biographies: Katherine Canavan
Ambassadors of the United States to Lesotho
Ambassadors of the United States to Botswana
Living people
1949 births
American women ambassadors
United States Foreign Service personnel
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine%20Canavan |
Freudenberg (also: Freudenberg am Main) is a town and a municipality in the district Main-Tauber-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Main and has a population around 3,700.
Geography
Location
Freudenberg is located in the extreme northeast of the state of Baden-Württemberg, on the left bank of the river Main which here is the border to Bavaria. Across the river is the municipality of Collenberg. The old town of Freudenberg faces Kirschfurt, an Ortsteil of Collenberg. Freudenberg lies approximately 15 km west of Wertheim am Main, and 30 km south-east of Aschaffenburg.
Freudenberg is the terminus of the hiking path Nibelungensteig which starts at Zwingenberg (Bergstrasse). It is also located on the , a tourist route from Worms to Wertheim. The hills on the left bank of the Main are part of the Mittelgebirge Odenwald while those on the opposite side of the river belong to the Spessart. The municipal territory totals 3,478 hectares and stretches far into the wooded hills.
Subdivisions
Freudenberg has the Stadtteile Boxtal, Ebenheid, Rauenberg and Wessental in addition to Freudenberg town proper.
History
Freudenberg was first mentioned around 1100.
In 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss awarded Freudenberg to the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg. Mondfeld, Rauenberg and Wessental (previously ruled by Mainz) became part of Amt Freudenberg. In 1806, Freudenberg became a part of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
In 1907, the first (sandstone) bridge over the Main was built. In 1928–34, the Staustufe Freudenberg followed.
In 1935, with the and the laws that followed, Freudenberg lost its status as town. A year later, the Bezirksamt Wertheim was dissolved. Freudenberg became a part of the Amtsbezirk/ (part of the Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe).
Towards the end of World War II, the first Main bridge was blown up. From 1946 to 1950, a ferry boat linked Kirschfurt and Freudenberg. In 1950, the second (current) bridge was built.
In 1955, Freudenberg asked the Interior Minister of Baden-Württemberg for a reinstatement of the status of town. This was confirmed in February 1956. Six years later, Freudenberg was awarded the current municipal coat of arms.
In 1968, Freudenberg and Boxtal became publicly recognized resorts. On 1 January 1972, as a result of Gebietsreform Boxtal, Ebenheid and Wessental were merged to Freudenberg, followed by Rauenberg on 31 December. In 1973, the Tauberbischofsheim district was abolished and Freudenberg has since been a part of the Main-Tauber-Kreis.
Economy
Notable businesses in the town include , a furniture manufacturing company, established in 1897.
Freudenberg also hosts the high-end distillery Brennerei Ziegler, which has been manufacturing spirits since 1865.
Attractions
Rauch have, as part of their plant, a zoo which the public are free to visit. The zoo exhibits many exotic animals such as monkeys, zebras and kangaroos.
, a castle ruin above the town
References
External links
Main-Tauber-Kreis
Historic Jewish communities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudenberg%20%28Baden%29 |
Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal, 546 U.S. 418 (2006), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, the government had failed to show a compelling interest in prosecuting religious adherents for drinking a sacramental tea containing a Schedule I controlled substance. After the federal government seized its sacramental tea, the União do Vegetal (UDV), the New Mexican branch of a Brazilian church that imbibes ayahuasca in its services, sued, claiming the seizure was illegal, and sought to ensure future importation of the tea for religious use. The church won a preliminary injunction from the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico, which was affirmed on appeal.
The Supreme Court affirmed. The Court also disagreed with the government's central argument that the uniform application of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) does not allow for exceptions for the substance in this case, as Native Americans are given exceptions to use peyote, another Schedule I substance.
Background
On May 21, 1999, U. S. Customs agents seized over of hoasca (ayahuasca) tea which was shipped to the Santa Fe, New Mexico branch of the Brazil-based UDV; ayahuasca contains dimethyltryptamine, which is outlawed for most purposes under the Controlled Substances Act. While no charges were filed, the United States chapter, led by Seagram heir Jeffrey Bronfman, filed suit claiming that the seizure was an illegal violation of the church members' rights. They claimed their usage was permitted under the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), , a law passed by Congress in direct response to Employment Division v. Smith (1990), in which the Supreme Court held that unemployment benefits could be denied to two Native Americans fired for using Peyote.
In filing suit, the UDV sought a preliminary injunction preventing the federal government from barring their usage of hoasca. In August 2002, U.S. District Chief Judge James Aubrey Parker granted the church's motion, finding it was likely to succeed on the merits of its claim under RFRA.
In September 2003, United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit Senior Judge John Carbone Porfilio, joined by Judge Stephanie Kulp Seymour, affirmed, over the dissent of Judge Michael R. Murphy. In November 2004, a divided majority of the en banc 10th Circuit again affirmed in a per curiam decision, by a vote of 8-5. Judge Murphy, joined fully by Judges David M. Ebel, Paul Joseph Kelly Jr., and Terrence L. O'Brien, wrote separately to argue that the district court used the correct standard but should not have granted the preliminary injunction. Judge Seymour, joined by Judges Deanell Reece Tacha, Porfilio, Robert Harlan Henry, Mary Beck Briscoe, and Carlos F. Lucero, wrote separately to argue that the district court used the wrong standard but reached the correct result. Judge Michael W. McConnell, joined in full by Judge Timothy Tymkovich, argued that the district court used the correct standard to reach the correct result, and partially joined those parts of the other opinions that said so.
As it worked its way through the appellate courts, the Supreme Court lifted a stay in December 2004 thereby permitting the church to use hoasca for their Christmas services. One-hour of oral arguments were heard on November 1, 2005, where Edwin Kneedler, the Deputy Solicitor General of the United States, appeared for the government.
Opinion of the Court
On February 21, 2006, the Supreme Court unanimously delivered judgment in favor of the church, affirming and remanding to the lower court. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the opinion for a unanimous Court of eight justices. Justice Samuel Alito took no part in the consideration or decision of the case because he was not on the Court when the case was argued. The Court found that the government was unable to detail the government's compelling interest in barring religious usage of Hoasca when applying strict scrutiny as required by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA).
The Court first found that the standard under RFRA for a preliminary injunction is the same as at trial, just as it would be for a constitutional claim. Disagreeing with the District Court, the Supreme Court found that ayahuasca is covered under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, which is implemented by the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The Court rejected the District Court's reliance on the official commentary to the convention, reasoning that the United Nations had incorrectly interpreted the treaty when it found that tea made from plants is a naturally occurring material. However, because the government had failed to submit any evidence on the international consequences of granting an exemption to CSA enforcement by allowing UDV to practice its religion, the Court ruled that it had failed to meet its burden on this point. The Supreme Court ruled that the government failed to demonstrate a compelling interest in applying the Controlled Substances Act to the UDV's sacramental use of the tea.
The ruling upheld a preliminary injunction allowing the church to use the tea pending a lower court trial on a permanent injunction, during which the government would have had the opportunity to present further evidence consistent with the Supreme Court's ruling.
Subsequent developments
The ruling is not binding on states. The Act was amended in 2003 to only include the federal government and its entities, such as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. A number of states have passed their own version of the RFRA, but the Smith case remains the authority in these matters in many states.
Bronfman next sought to move the church's services from the yurt outside his home to a new building in Arroyo Hondo, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, prompting opposition from neighbors. When the county refused to grant the church a building permit, Bronfman sued under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, and Assistant
Attorney General Tom Perez of the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division filed a statement of interest in support of the church. In late 2012, a settlement was reached in which the county agreed to allow the church to be built.
References
External links
Court upholds church use of hallucinogenic tea (NBC, February 21, 2006)
"Religious Freedom and United States Drug Laws: Notes on the UDV-USA"
UDV USA official website
Court documents
District Court memorandum opinion and order (February 2002)
District Court memorandum opinion and order (November 2002)
10th Circuit opinion (2002) – Emergency motion for stay pending appeal
10th Circuit opinion (2003) – Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico
10th Circuit opinion (2004) – On rehearing en banc: Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico
United States Supreme Court cases
Drugs in the United States
United States free exercise of religion case law
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2006 in United States case law
2006 in religion
United States controlled substances case law
Psychedelics and religion
Ayahuasca
Brazilian-American culture
Religion in New Mexico
Santa Fe, New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzales%20v.%20O%20Centro%20Esp%C3%ADrita%20Beneficente%20Uni%C3%A3o%20do%20Vegetal |
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences () is a University of Applied Sciences with campuses in Heerlen, Sittard and Maastricht in the southeastern Netherlands.
The main focus of Zuyd University is on Bachelor programmes, 52 in total, most of them in Dutch. There are currently 8 master programmes.
In the latest edition of the Keuzegids Hoger Onderwijs 2008 ('2008 Higher Education Guide'), Zuyd University takes first place of the 13 larger universities of applied sciences, with an average score of 6.85.
Academics
Zuyd University has the following divisions:
Economics, Languages, Communication and Hospitality
Health Care
Social Studies, Behaviour & Society
Business economics
Arts & Design, Music
Teacher Training / Education
Technology and Engineering
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences consists of the following faculties, at three different locations:
See also
Maastricht University
References
website Dutch Kengetallen
website Dutch Kengetallen
website Dutch Kengetallen
Website English Sectors
Website English Sectors
website Dutch Faculteiten
Education in Limburg (Netherlands)
Education in Maastricht
Buildings and structures in Heerlen
Buildings and structures in Maastricht
Buildings and structures in Sittard-Geleen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuyd%20University%20of%20Applied%20Sciences |
First South Yorkshire is a major bus operator providing bus services within and across South Yorkshire. It is a subsidiary of FirstGroup.
History
In 1989, South Yorkshire Transport introduced the Mainline brand on certain bus routes around South Yorkshire. Buses operated with Sheffield Mainline names in a bright red and yellow livery, replacing the previous "coffee and cream" livery. It was followed by Doncaster Mainline in a silver grey and red livery relieved by a light yellow band and finally Rotherham Mainline, whose buses were painted blue and yellow. In 1992, the local brands were dropped and Mainline became the standard fleetname across the company's operating area. A common red and yellow livery with silver and blue bands was introduced.
In November 1993, Mainline was sold to its employees in a management buyout. Shortly after, Stagecoach Holdings purchased a 20% stake in the company, however this stake was ordered to be divested by the Office of Fair Trading in 1995. The stake in Mainline would be purchased from Stagecoach by FirstBus for £1.6 million in January 1996.
In 1998, FirstBus purchased the remaining 80% shareholding and renamed the business First Mainline. Buses were repainted in a simplified red and yellow livery, reminiscent of the original 1989 Sheffield Mainline livery. In 2000 First Mainline was rebranded as First South Yorkshire and the corporate light grey, blue and pink livery introduced.
In 2013, First South Yorkshire began to paint buses into First's new Olympia corporate livery, which is an updated version of the former livery. At the same time, the individual First Sheffield, First Rotherham, First Doncaster and First X78 brands were introduced. The First X78 brand was superseded by the Steel Link brand in 2015, while the First Rotherham brand was retired with the closure of the Rotherham depot in 2017.
The operations of First South Yorkshire and First Midlands, consisting of First Potteries, First Leicester and First Worcester, merged on 1 June 2020 to form First South Yorkshire & Midlands. The new company would be managed by First Midlands CEO, Nigel Eggleton. The aim of this merger was to revitalise bus services in both merger regions, following a period of poor customer service by First South Yorkshire.
Services
First South Yorkshire operate services in Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield. Due to bus services history and number changes, some routes share service numbers within South Yorkshire.
Route X78 is an express service which runs from Sheffield Interchange to Doncaster Frenchgate Interchange via Meadowhall, Rotherham and Conisbrough. In 2016, 22 Wright StreetDecks, some of which were originally intended for the Steel Link, were placed in service on the X78 as part of an initiative to improve Rotherham's bus services.
In September 2016, Steel Link X1 express route commenced operating from Sheffield to Maltby via the Bus Rapid Transit North scheme. Eighteen Wright StreetDecks with high-specification interiors were purchased for the service.
First South Yorkshire also operate Peak District services 271 and 272, from Sheffield, across the South Yorkshire boundary and into Derbyshire in the Peak District. In 2021, a double-decker bus was branded in green 'Peak Link' livery for these services.
Fleet
As of May 2017, First South Yorkshire's fleet consists of 496 buses.
Following the First South Yorkshire and Midlands merger in 2020, new liveries and brands were introduced for the First Sheffield and First Doncaster fleets. The first to be introduced was Doncaster's Clever Buses in August 2020, utilising eight acquired Volvo B7RLE Wright Eclipse Urban buses on the 66 route in Doncaster, with the 'clever' aspect of the name referencing new contactless payment systems that were being introduced across the fleet.
In December 2020, two new liveries to be applied across the Sheffield and Doncaster fleets were revealed. The new First Sheffield livery is predominantly blue and cream with chrome elements referencing Sheffield's steel heritage, with some buses carrying livery variants referencing Sheffield's snooker and music heritage. First Doncaster's new livery follows a similar layout with red and cream with purple elements. Both liveries reference the former liveries of Sheffield and Doncaster's municipal bus companies before they were absorbed into the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive in 1974.
Depots
First South Yorkshire vehicles operate from two depots. These are Olive Grove in Sheffield, and Leger Way in Doncaster.
Sheffield's Olive Grove depot is the second biggest bus depot in the UK after First Glasgow's Caledonia depot, which can hold 450 buses. As of May 2017, 318 buses are based at Olive Grove depot.
Bus services in Rotherham and surrounding areas were previously operated out of the former Midland Road depot in east Rotherham. Having previously been contracted with refurbishing over 200 of London Buses' AEC Routemasters when operated by South Yorkshire Transport, the engineering works of this depot was used as the FirstGroup's Commercial Unit following the company's purchase in 1998. Buses and coaches across the group would be sent to the Midland Road works for refurbishment, repairs and repainting. In 2016, however, it was announced that the depot and Commercial Unit were to close in February 2017, with Rotherham's bus services being relocated to Olive Grove and Leger Way depots. At the time of closure, 90 buses were based at Midland Road.
References
External links
Company website
Bus transport in Doncaster
Bus operators in South Yorkshire
Bus transport in Sheffield
FirstGroup bus operators in England
Rotherham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20South%20Yorkshire |
OpenAP was the first open source Linux distribution released to replace the factory firmware on a number of commercially available IEEE 802.11b wireless access points, all based on the Eumitcom WL11000SA-N board. The idea of releasing third party and open source firmware for commercially available wireless access points has been followed by a number of more recent projects, such as OpenWrt and HyperWRT.
OpenAP was released in early 2002 by Instant802 Networks, now known as Devicescape Software, complete with instructions for reprogramming the flash on any of the supported devices, full source code under the GNU General Public License, and a mailing list for discussions.
External links
http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openap/
Wi-Fi
Free routing software
Custom firmware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAP |
Terry Shaw may refer to:
Terry Shaw (rugby union) (born 1962), Welsh rugby union player
Terrance Shaw (born 1973), American football cornerback
Terence Shaw (born 1937), New Zealand cricketer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Shaw |
Achterbos is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, directly north of Vinkeveen.
It was first mentioned in 1575 as Den afterbos, and means forest which is located backwards (far away). Achterbos is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Vinkeveen. Until the 19th century, it was a hard to reach peninsula in the moorland. In 1880, the area around Achterbos was poldered. Achterbos nowadays consists of about 120 houses.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
De Ronde Venen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achterbos |
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School is a Baptist seminary in Rochester, New York It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA.
History
1820s-1960: Early history
Four Baptist institutions merged over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries to form Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School (CRCDS) as it exists today. Its earliest roots are in the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution (later Colgate Theological Seminary), which began in Hamilton, New York in the early 1820s under the auspices of the New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Education. Soap and candle magnate William Colgate, a devout Baptist, was an influential trustee in the Union for Ministerial Education and took an active role in financing and championing Hamilton Institution. Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution later evolved in part into Colgate University.
The present-day seminary's second heritage institution, the Rochester Theological Seminary, was formed in 1850 at the founding of the University of Rochester by a group from Colgate Theological Seminary who sought a more urban educational setting. Women were accepted, enrolled, and graduated as regular students beginning in 1920. The remainder of the Hamilton seminary had moved to Rochester by 1928, when the two seminaries merged to become Colgate Rochester Divinity School and moved to the 1100 South Goodman Street campus in Rochester.
1960s: Time of turbulence
In 1961, the school was joined by its third legacy institution, the Baptist Missionary Training School, a women's school in Chicago founded by the Women's Baptist Home Mission Society.
Persuaded by student advocacy and protest throughout 1968 and 1969—namely by the school's Black Student Caucus—Colgate Rochester Divinity School hired more African-American professors to join the school's overwhelmingly white faculty, increased course offerings in African-American religious and cultural studies, and formally established the Martin Luther King Jr. Program of Black Church Studies in 1969. It was one of the first such programs instituted at a predominantly white seminary or divinity school in the U.S.
1970-present: Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School
The last significant institutional merger took place in 1970, when Crozer Theological Seminary moved from Upland, Pennsylvania to merge with Colgate Rochester Divinity School, and form Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School in Rochester, NY.
The Divinity School shared its South Goodman Street facilities with several organizations over the years. St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry, a Roman Catholic theological school, occupied the South Goodman Street campus from 1981 until 2003, when it relocated to another site in the area. The American Baptist Historical Society, serving the American Baptist Churches USA, also occupied the South Goodman Street campus in varying capacity from 1955 to 2008, when the Society's offices and archival collections were relocated to Mercer University in Atlanta.
After selling its historic 90-year-old campus next to Highland Park in 2016, Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School moved 2.2 miles north in 2019 to Village Gate Square in Rochester's Neighborhood of the Arts, near the George Eastman Museum and Memorial Art Gallery.
Academics
Graduates programs include:
Master of Arts (M.A.)
Master of Divinity (M.Div.)
Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.)
Affiliations
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS).
It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA.
Notable people
Notable alumni
James E. Cheek (1932-2010), former president of Howard University
Isabel Crawford (1865-1961), Baptist missionary who worked with the Kiowa in Oklahoma Territory using Plains Indian Sign Language; graduated from Baptist Missionary Training School in Chicago
Edwin T. Dahlberg (1892-1986), American Baptist Church leader, pacifist, and Colgate trustee
Frederick German Detweiler (1881-1960), American sociologist
James Alexander Forbes, Jr. (1935-), Senior Minister Emeritus of the Riverside Church in New York City.
William Hamilton (1924-2012), leading theologian in the Death of God movement.
Cecil Hobbs (1907-1991), historian specializing in Southeast Asia, charter member of the Association for Asian Studies, and United Methodist pastor
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968), minister, activist, prominent leader in the civil rights movement; attended Crozer Theological Seminary in Upland, Pennsylvania before its merger with Colgate Divinity School in 1970
Samuel B. McKinney (1926-2018), Baptist pastor and civil rights leader
Joanna P. Moore (1832-1916), Baptist missionary to freed African Americans in the Reconstruction era South; graduated from Baptist Missionary Training School in Chicago
Lorraine K. Potter, Chief of Chaplains of the U.S. Air Force
Howard Thurman, author, civil rights leader, Dean of Chapel for Howard University and Boston University
Henry Clay Vedder, Professor of church history at Crozer Theological Seminary and author of twenty-seven books
Wyatt Tee Walker, Co-founder of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (1957), Executive Dir. SCLC (1960–1964); Senior Pastor, Canaan Baptist Church in Harlem (1967–2004)
Frederick B. Williams, Canon and Rector of Church of the Intercession, Harlem (1972–2005); Founder of Harlem Congregations for Community Improvement
Notable faculty
Conrad Henry Moehlman (1879–1961), church historian
Gayraud Wilmore (1921-2020), ethicist, historian, theologian, and civil rights leader known for scholarly contributions in the history of African American church and religious experience and black theology
Notable alumni/faculty
Notable individuals who both graduated from and served on the faculty of the school:
Walter Rauschenbusch (1861–1918), Baptist pastor and theologian integral to the Social Gospel movement
Leonard Sweet (1961-), author, preacher, scholar
References
Further reading
Tyson, John R. School of Prophets: A Bicentennial History of Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press, 2019.
Association of Theological Schools, Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School member profile
External links
Seminaries and theological colleges in New York (state)
1850 establishments in New York (state)
Universities and colleges established in 1850
Educational institutions established in 1970
Baptist Christianity in New York (state)
Universities and colleges in Monroe County, New York
Seminaries and theological colleges affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgate%20Rochester%20Crozer%20Divinity%20School |
The GeForce 8 series is the eighth generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units. The third major GPU architecture developed by Nvidia, Tesla represents the company's first unified shader architecture.
Overview
All GeForce 8 Series products are based on Tesla. As with many GPUs, the larger numbers these cards carry does not guarantee superior performance over previous generation cards with a lower number. For example, the GeForce 8300 and 8400 entry-level cards cannot be compared to the previous GeForce 7200 and 7300 cards due to their inferior performance. The same goes for the high-end GeForce 8800 GTX card, which cannot be compared to the previous GeForce 7800 GTX card due to differences in performance.
Max resolution
Dual Dual-link DVI Support:
Able to drive two flat-panel displays up to 2560×1600 resolution. Available on select GeForce 8800 and 8600 GPUs.
One Dual-link DVI Support:
Able to drive one flat-panel display up to 2560×1600 resolution. Available on select GeForce 8500 GPUs and GeForce 8400 GS cards based on the G98.
One Single-link DVI Support:
Able to drive one flat-panel display up to 1920×1200 resolution. Available on select GeForce 8400 GPUs. GeForce 8400 GS cards based on the G86 only support single-link DVI.
Display capabilities
The GeForce 8 series supports 10-bit per channel display output, up from 8-bit on previous Nvidia cards. This potentially allows higher fidelity color representation and separation on capable displays. The GeForce 8 series, like its recent predecessors, also supports Scalable Link Interface (SLI) for multiple installed cards to act as one via an SLI Bridge, so long as they are of similar architecture.
NVIDIA's PureVideo HD video rendering technology is an improved version of the original PureVideo introduced with GeForce 6. It now includes GPU-based hardware acceleration for decoding HD movie formats, post-processing of HD video for enhanced images, and optional High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) support at the card level.
GeForce 8300 and 8400 series
In the summer of 2007 Nvidia released the entry-level GeForce 8300 GS and 8400 GS graphics cards, based on the G86 core. The GeForce 8300 was only available in the OEM market, and was also available in integrated motherboard GPU form as the GeForce 8300 mGPU. The first version of the 8400 GS is sometimes called "GeForce 8400 GS Rev. 1".
As with many entry-level graphics cards, these cards are often less powerful than mid-range and high-end cards. Because of the reduced performance of these cards, they are not intended to be used for intense 3D applications such as fast, high-resolution video games. However, they could still play most games in their lower settings and resolutions, making these cards popular among casual gamers and HTPC (Media Center) builders without a PCI Express or AGP slot on the motherboard.
The GeForce 8300 and 8400 series were originally designed to replace the low-cost GeForce 7200 series and entry-level GeForce 7300 series. However, they could not do so due to their inferior gaming performance.
At the end of 2007 NVIDIA released a new GeForce 8400 GS based on the G98 (D8M) chip. It is quite different from the G86 used for the "first" 8400 GS, as the G98 features VC-1 and MPEG2 video decoding completely in hardware, lower power consumption, reduced 3D-performance and a smaller fabrication process. The G98 also features dual-link DVI support and PCI Express 2.0. G86 and G98 cards were both sold as "8400 GS", the difference showing only in the technical specifications. This card is sometimes referred to as "GeForce 8400 GS Rev. 2".
During mid-2010 Nvidia released another revision of the GeForce 8400 GS based on the GT218 chip. It has a larger amount of RAM, and is capable of DirectX 10.1, OpenGL 3.3 and Shader 4.1. This card is also known as "GeForce 8400 GS Rev. 3".
GeForce 8500 and 8600 series
On April 17, 2007, Nvidia released the GeForce 8500 GT for the entry-level market, and the GeForce 8600 GT and 8600 GTS for the mid-range market.
Nvidia introduced 2nd-generation PureVideo with this series. As the first major update to PureVideo since the GeForce 6's launch, 2nd-gen PureVideo offered much improved hardware-decoding for H.264.
GeForce 8800 series
The 8800 series, codenamed G80, was launched on November 8, 2006, with the release of the GeForce 8800 GTX and GTS for the high-end market. A 320 MB GTS was released on February 12 and the Ultra was released on May 2, 2007. The cards are larger than their predecessors, with the 8800 GTX measuring 10.6 in (~26.9 cm) in length and the 8800 GTS measuring 9 in (~23 cm). Both cards have two dual-link DVI connectors and an HDTV/S-Video out connector. The 8800 GTX requires 2 PCIe power inputs to keep within the PCIe standard, while the GTS requires just one.
8800 GS
The 8800 GS is a trimmed-down 8800 GT with 96 stream processors and either 384 or 768 MB of RAM on a 192-bit bus. In May 2008, it was rebranded as the 9600 GSO in an attempt to spur sales.
On April 28, 2008, Apple announced an updated iMac line featuring an 8800 GS. However, the GPU is actually a rebranded GeForce 8800M GTS. It features up to 512 MB of 800 MHz GDDR3 video memory, 64 unified stream processors, a 500 MHz core speed, a 256-bit memory bus width, and a 1250 MHz shader clock.
8800 GTX / 8800 Ultra
The 8800 GTX is equipped with 768 MB GDDR3 RAM. The 8800 series replaced the GeForce 7950 Series as Nvidia's top-performing consumer GPU. GeForce 8800 GTX and GTS use identical GPU cores, but the GTS model disables parts of the GPU and reduces RAM size and bus width to lower production cost.
At the time, the G80 was the largest commercial GPU ever constructed. It consists of 681 million transistors covering a 480 mm² die surface area built on a 90 nm process. (In fact the G80's total transistor count is ~686 million, but since the chip was made on a 90 nm process and due to process limitations and yield feasibility, Nvidia had to break the main design into two chips: Main shader core at 681 million transistors and NV I/O core of about ~5 million transistors making the entire G80 design standing at ~686 million transistors).
A minor manufacturing defect related to a resistor of improper value caused a recall of the 8800 GTX models just two days before the product launch, though the launch itself was unaffected.
The GeForce 8800 GTX was by far the fastest GPU when first released, and 13 months after its initial debut it still remained one of the fastest. The GTX has 128 stream processors clocked at 1.35 GHz, a core clock of 575 MHz, and 768 MB of 384-bit GDDR3 memory at 1.8 GHz, giving it a memory bandwidth of 86.4 GB/s. The card performs faster than a single Radeon HD 2900 XT, and faster than 2 Radeon X1950 XTXs in Crossfire or 2 GeForce 7900 GTXs in SLI. The 8800 GTX also supports HDCP, but one major flaw is its older NVIDIA PureVideo processor that uses more CPU resources. Originally retailing for around US$600, prices came down to under US$400 before it was discontinued. The 8800 GTX was also very power hungry for its time, demanding up to 185 watts of power and requiring two 6-pin PCI-E power connectors to operate. The 8800 GTX also has 2 SLI connector ports, allowing it to support NVIDIA 3-way SLI for users who run demanding games at extreme resolutions such as 2560x1600.
The 8800 Ultra, retailing at a higher price, is identical to the GTX architecturally, but features higher clocked shaders, core and memory. Nvidia later told the media the 8800 Ultra was a new stepping, creating less heat therefore clocking higher. Originally retailing from $800 to $1000, most users thought the card to be a poor value, offering only 10% more performance than the GTX but costing hundreds of dollars more. Prices dropped to as low as $200 before being discontinued on January 23, 2008. The core clock of the Ultra runs at 612 MHz, the shaders at 1.5 GHz, and finally the memory at 2.16 GHz, giving the Ultra a theoretical memory bandwidth of 103.7 GB/s. It has 2 SLI connector ports, allowing it to support Nvidia 3-way SLI. An updated dual slot cooler was also implemented, allowing for quieter and cooler operation at higher clock speeds.
8800 GT
The 8800 GT, codenamed G92, was released on October 29, 2007. The card is the first to transition to 65 nm process, and supports PCI-Express 2.0. It has a single-slot cooler as opposed to the double slot cooler on the 8800 GTS and GTX, and uses less power than GTS and GTX due to its 65 nm process. While its core processing power is comparable to that of the GTX, the 256-bit memory interface and the 512 MB of GDDR3 memory often hinders its performance at very high resolutions and graphics settings. The 8800 GT, unlike other 8800 cards, is equipped with the PureVideo HD VP2 engine for GPU assisted decoding of the H.264 and VC-1 codecs. Performance benchmarks at stock speeds place it above the 8800 GTS (640 MB and 320 MB versions) and slightly below the 8800 GTX. A 256 MB version of the 8800 GT with lower stock memory speeds (1.4 GHz as opposed to 1.8 GHz) but the same core is also available. Performance benchmarks have shown that the 256 MB version of the 8800 GT has a considerable performance disadvantage when compared to its 512 MB counterpart, especially in newer games such as Crysis. Some manufacturers also make models with 1 GB of memory; and with large resolutions and big textures one can perceive a performance difference in the benchmarks. These models are more likely to take up to 2 slots of the computer.
The release of this card presents an odd dynamic to the graphics processing industry. At an NVIDIA projected initial street price of around $300, this card outperforms the ATI flagship HD2900XT in most situations, and even NVIDIA's own 8800 GTS 640 MB (previously priced at an MSRP of $400). The card, only marginally slower in synthetic and gaming benchmarks than the 8800 GTX, also takes much of the value away from Nvidia's own high-end card.
The performance (at the time) and popularity of this card is demonstrated by the fact that even as late as 2014, the 8800 GT was often listed as the minimum requirement for modern games developed for much more powerful hardware.
8800 GTS
The first releases of the 8800 GTS line, in November 2006, came in 640 MB and 320 MB configurations of GDDR3 RAM and utilized Nvidia's G80 GPU. While the 8800 GTX has 128 stream processors and a 384-bit memory bus, these versions of 8800 GTS feature 96 stream processors and a 320-bit bus. With respect to features, however, they are identical because they use the same GPU.
Around the same release date as the 8800 GT, Nvidia released a new 640 MB version of the 8800 GTS. While still based on the 90 nm G80 core, this version has 7 out of the 8 clusters of 16 stream processors enabled (as opposed to 6 out 8 on the older GTSs), giving it a total of 112 stream processors instead of 96. Most other aspects of the card remain unchanged. However, because the only 2 add-in partners producing this card (BFG and EVGA) decided to overclock it, this version of the 8800 GTS actually ran slightly faster than a stock GTX in most scenarios, especially at higher resolutions, due to the increased clock speeds.
Nvidia released a new 8800 GTS 512 MB based on the 65 nm G92 GPU on December 10, 2007. This 8800 GTS has 128 stream processors, compared to the 96 processors of the original GTS models. It is equipped with 512 MB GDDR3 on a 256-bit bus. Combined with a 650 MHz core clock and architectural enhancements, this gives the card raw GPU performance exceeding that of 8800 GTX, but it is constrained by the narrower 256-bit memory bus. Its performance can match the 8800 GTX in some situations, and it outperforms the older GTS cards in all situations.
Compatibility issue with PCI-E 1.0a on GeForce 8800 GT/8800 GTS 512 GB cards
Shortly after their release, an incompatibility issue with older PCI Express 1.0a motherboards was unmasked. When using the PCI Express 2.0 compliant 8800 GT or 8800 GTS 512 in some motherboards with PCI Express 1.0a slots, the card would not produce any display image, but the computer would often boot (with the fan on the video card spinning at a constant 100%). The incompatibility has been confirmed on motherboards with VIA PT880Pro/Ultra, Intel 925 and Intel 5000P PCI-E 1.0a chipsets.
Some graphics cards had a workaround, which was to re-flash the graphics card's BIOS with an older GEN1 BIOS. However this effectively made it into a PCI Express 1.0 card, not being able to utilize the PCIE 2.0 functions. This could be considered a non-issue however since the card itself could not even utilize the full capacity of the regular PCIE 1.0 slots, there was no noticeable performance reduction. Also flashing of the video card BIOS voided the warranties of most video card manufacturers (if not all) thus making it a less-than-optimum way of getting the card to work properly. A workaround to this is to flash the BIOS of the motherboard to the latest version, which depending on the manufacturer of the motherboard, may contain a fix. In relation to this compatibility issue, the high numbers of cards reported as DOA (as much as 13–15%) were believed to be inaccurate. When it was revealed that the G92 8800 GT and 8800 GTS 512 MB were going to be designed with PCI Express 2.0 connections, NVIDIA claimed that all cards would have full backwards-compatibility, but failed to mention that this was only true for PCI Express 1.1 motherboards. The source for the BIOS-flash did not come from NVIDIA or any of their partners, but rather ASRock, a mainboard producer, who mentioned the fix in one of their motherboard FAQs. ASUSTek, sells the 8800 GT with their sticker, posted a newer version of their 8800 GT BIOS on their website, but did not mention that it fixed this issue. EVGA also posted a new bios to fix this issue.
Technical summary
Direct3D 10 and OpenGL 3.3 support
1 Unified shaders: texture mapping units: render output units
2 Full G80 contains 32 texture address units and 64 texture filtering units unlike G92 which contains 64 texture address units and 64 texture filtering units
3 To calculate the processing power, see Performance.
Features
Compute Capability 1.1: has support for Atomic functions, which are used to write thread-safe programs.
Compute Capability 1.2: for details see CUDA
GeForce 8M series
On May 10, 2007, Nvidia announced the availability of their GeForce 8 notebook GPUs through select OEMs. The lineup consists of the 8200M, 8400M, 8600M, 8700M and 8800M series chips.
It was announced by Nvidia that some of their graphics chips have a higher than expected rate of failure due to overheating when used in particular notebook configurations. Some major laptop manufacturers made adjustments to fan setting and firmware updates to help delay the occurrence of any potential GPU failure. In late July 2008, Dell released a set of BIOS updates that made the laptop fans spin more frequently. As of mid-August 2008, nVidia had yet to give further details publicly, though it had been heavily rumored that most, if not all, of the 8400 and 8600 cards had this issue.
GeForce 8400M series
The GeForce 8400M is the entry level series for the GeForce 8M chipset. Normally found on mid-range laptops as an alternative solution to integrated graphics, the 8400M was designed for watching high-definition video content rather than gaming.
Versions include the 8400M G, 8400M GS, and 8400M GT.
While the 8400M series is not designed for gaming, the GDDR3-equipped 8400M GT can handle most games of its time at medium settings, and was suitable for occasional gaming.
GeForce 8600M series
The GeForce 8600M was offered in mid-range laptops as a mid-range performance solution for enthusiasts who want to watch high-definition content such as Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD movies and play then-current and some future games with decent settings.
Versions include the 8600M GS and 8600M GT (with the GT being the more powerful one). They provided decent gaming performance (due to the implementation of GDDR3 memory in the higher-end 8600M models) for then-current games.
It is available on the Dell XPS M1530 portable, Asus G1S, Sony VAIO VGN-FZ21Z, in selected Lenovo Ideapad models, some models of the Acer Aspire 5920, Acer Aspire 9920G and BenQ Joybook S41, also available on the MacBook Pro, and some models of Fujitsu Siemens.
The common failure of this chip in, amongst others, MacBook Pro's purchased between May 2007 and September 2008 were part of a class-action suit against nVidia which resulted in Apple providing an extended 4 year warranty related to the issue after confirming that the issue was caused by the Nvidia chip themselves. This warranty replacement service was expected to cost nVidia around $150 to $200 million and knocked over $3 billion off their market capitalisation after being sued by their own shareholders for attempting to cover the issue up.
GeForce 8700M series
The GeForce 8700M was developed for the mid-range market. The 8700M GT is the only GPU in this series.
This chipset is available on high-end laptops such as the Dell XPS M1730, Sager NP5793, and Toshiba Satellite X205.
While this card is considered by most in the field to be a decent mid-range card, it is hard to classify the 8700M GT as a high-end card due to its 128-bit memory bus, and is essentially an overclocked 8600M GT GDDR3 mid-range card. However, it shows strong performance when in a dual-card SLI configuration, and provides decent gaming performance in a single-card configuration.
GeForce 8800M series
The GeForce 8800M was developed to succeed the 8700M in the high-end market, and can be found in high-end gaming notebook computers.
Versions include the 8800M GTS and 8800M GTX. These were released as the first truly high-end mobile GeForce 8 Series GPUs, each with a 256-bit memory bus and a standard 512 megabytes of GDDR3 memory, and provide high-end gaming performance equivalent to many desktop GPUs. In SLI, these can produce 3DMark06 results in the high thousands.
Laptop models which include the 8800M GPUs are: Sager NP5793, Sager NP9262, Alienware m15x and m17x, HP HDX9494NR and Dell M1730. Clevo also manufactures similar laptop models for CyberPower, Rock, and Sager (among others) - all with the 8800M GTX, while including the 8800M GTS in the Gateway P-6831 FX and P-6860 FX models.
The 8800M GTS was used in modified form as the GeForce 8800 GS in the early 2008 iMac models.
Technical summary
The series has been succeeded by GeForce 9 series. The GeForce 9 Series has been in turn succeeded by the GeForce 200 Series. An exception to this is the GeForce 8400 GS, which has not been renamed in neither the GeForce 9 and GeForce 200 Series.
Problems
Some chips of the GeForce 8 series (concretely those from the G84 [for example, G84-600-A2] and G86 series) suffer from an overheating problem. Nvidia states this issue should not affect many chips, whereas others assert that all of the chips in these series are potentially affected. Nvidia CEO Jen-Hsun Huang and CFO Marvin Burkett were involved in a lawsuit filed on September 9, 2008, alleging their knowledge of the flaw, and their intent to hide it.
End-of-life driver support
Nvidia has ceased Windows driver support for GeForce 8 series on April 1, 2016.
Windows XP 32-bit & Media Center Edition: version 340.52 released on July 29, 2014; Download
Windows XP 64-bit: version 340.52 released on July 29, 2014; Download
Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1 32-bit: version 342.01 (WHQL) released on December 14, 2016; Download
Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1 64-bit: version 342.01 (WHQL) released on December 14, 2016; Download
Windows 10, 32-bit: version 342.01 (WHQL) released on December 14, 2016; Download
Windows 10, 64-bit: version 342.01 (WHQL) released on December 14, 2016; Download
See also
Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units
GeForce 7 series
GeForce 9 series
GeForce 100 series
GeForce 200 series
GeForce 300 series
Nvidia Quadro - Nvidia workstation graphics system
Nvidia Tesla - Nvidia's first dedicated general purpose GPU (graphical processor unit)
References
External links
NVIDIA's GeForce 8 series page
Nvidia GeForce 8800 Series
Nvidia GeForce 8600 Series
Nvidia GeForce 8500 Series
Nvidia GeForce 8400 Series
Nvidia GeForce 8800M Series
Nvidia GeForce 8600M Series
Nvidia GeForce 8400M Series
Nvidia Nsight
Nvidia GeForce Drivers for the GeForce 8x00 series (v. 340.52)
NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GPU Architecture Overview - a somewhat longer and more detailed document about the new 8800 features
OpenGL Extension Specifications for the G8x
Computer-related introductions in 2006
8 Series
Graphics cards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeForce%208%20series |
Collection is a greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Tracy Chapman, released on October 30, 2001, by Elektra Records and WEA International.
The album features tracks from Chapman's first five studio albums, including her two U.S. Top 10 hits "Fast Car" and "Give Me One Reason". Other charted singles on this album include "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution", "Baby Can I Hold You", and "Crossroads". It is the first compilation of her career, and the collection received positive reviews. It was followed by the remastered Greatest Hits in 2015 (which was curated by Chapman herself).
Track listing
"Fast Car" – (Tracy Chapman, 1988) 4:58
"Subcity" – (Crossroads, 1989) 5:12
"Baby Can I Hold You" – (Tracy Chapman, 1988) 3:14
"The Promise" – (New Beginning, 1995) 5:28
"I'm Ready" – (New Beginning, 1995) 4:56
"Crossroads" – (Crossroads, 1989) 4:13
"Bang Bang Bang" – (Matters of the Heart, 1992) 4:22
"Telling Stories" – (Telling Stories, 2000) 3:58
"Smoke and Ashes" – (New Beginning, 1995) 6:39
"Speak the Word" – (Telling Stories, 2000) 4:13
"Wedding Song" – (Telling Stories, 2000) 4:36
"Open Arms" – (Matters of the Heart, 1992) 4:34
"Give Me One Reason" – (New Beginning, 1995) 4:29
"Talkin' 'bout a Revolution" – (Tracy Chapman, 1988) 2:40
"She's Got Her Ticket" – (Tracy Chapman, 1988) 3:56
"All That You Have Is Your Soul" – (Crossroads, 1989) 5:15
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2001 greatest hits albums
Tracy Chapman compilation albums
Albums produced by Don Gehman
Albums produced by David Kershenbaum
Elektra Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Iovine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collection%20%28Tracy%20Chapman%20album%29 |
Konak may refer to:
Turkey
Konak (residence), a name for a house in Turkey and territories of the former Ottoman Empire
Konak, Baklan
Konak, Eğil
Konak, Hakkari, Turkey
Konak, İzmir, a district of İzmir Province, Turkey
Konak (İzmir Metro), Turkey
Konak Square, a square in Konak district of Izmir, Turkey
Konak, Mengen, Turkey
Konak, Ulus, Turkey
Volkan Konak (born 1967), Turkish folk singer
Other
Konak (Sečanj), a village in Vojvodina, Serbia
Konak (Thessaloniki), an Ottoman-era building in central Thessaloniki, Greece
Konak, Croatia, a village near Vrbovec
Konak, Targovishte Province, a village in Targovishte Province, Bulgaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konak |
Nicola Chiaromonte (1905 in Rapolla, Potenza – 18 January 1972 in Rome) was an Italian activist and writer. In 1934 he fled Italy for France, after opposing Benito Mussolini's fascist government. In Paris he contributed to Giustizia e Libertà. During the Spanish Civil War, he flew in André Malraux's squadron, fighting against fascist supported General Francisco Franco. The character of Scali in Malraux's novel Man's Hope is based on Chiaromonte. After moving to New York in 1941, he took on an important role in the leftist anti-Stalinist intellectual scene of the period, writing for The Nation, The New Republic, politics and Partisan Review. During the Cold War, he helped found, and served as editor, for the Italian journal Tempo Presente, which was published by the Congress for Cultural Freedom (an organization with silent backing of the Central Intelligence Agency). Mary McCarthy was a close friend during his time in the US. A foreword to the 1985 edition of Chiaromonte's book of essays The Paradox of History (1970) was written by Joseph Frank, a noted Dostoyevsky scholar.
Works
In Italian
La situazione drammatica (1960)
Credere e non credere (1971)
Scritti politici e civili (1976)
Scritti sul teatro (1976)
Silenzio e parole (1978)
Il tarlo della conscienza (1992, introduction by Gustaw Herling-Grudziński)
Che cosa rimane. Taccuini 1955-1971 (1995, introduction by Wojciech Karpiński)
Fra me e te la verità, lettere a Muska (2013, afterword by Wojciech Karpiński)(a collection of his letters to Melanie von Nagel, a Benedictine nun)
In English translation
The Worm of Consciousness and Other Essays (1977)
The Paradox of History: Stendhal, Tolstoy, Pasternak, and Others (1970)
References
Further reading
Frances Kiernan, Seeing Mary Plain: A Life of Mary McCarthy, (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2000), 754.
Frances Stonor Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters, (New York: The New Press, 1999)
External links
Photographs of Nicola Chiaromonte
Biografia
Nicola Chiaromonte Papers. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
1905 births
1972 deaths
People from the Province of Potenza
Action Party (Italy) politicians
Italian activists
Members of Giustizia e Libertà
20th-century Italian philosophers
20th-century Italian male writers
Italian magazine editors
People associated with the magazine "Kultura" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola%20Chiaromonte |
Strange Weather Lately is the title of a series of comics created and released between 1996 and 1999 by the Glasgow-based Franco-Scottish duo Metaphrog.
The very first issue was entitled Strange Weather Lately - Martin Nitram #1 and comprised a series of short comic stories along with a hand-numbered print, released in 1996. It was followed by a longer story, beginning in Strange Weather Lately #2 and continuing in a series of ten cult comics published bimonthly until 1999 when the collected story was released in two graphic novels. Metaphrog used creative marketing to promote the releases of their books and comics, creating Strange Weather Lately cans of beans and tea bags as well as posters, bookmarks and flyers.
The Sunday Herald in Glasgow described Strange Weather Lately as "the existential adventures of Martin Nitram, an unpaid theatre worker engaged in an attempt to mount a cursed play, The Crimes Of Tarquin J Swaffe."
Strange Weather Lately was the first ever graphic novel to appear at the Edinburgh International Book Festival.
Metaphrog have gone on to produce the popular and critically acclaimed Louis (graphic novel) series.
Sources
Long interview with Metaphrog by Gavin Lees for The Comics Journal: http://www.tcj.com/the-metaphrog-interview/
The 20th anniversary of Strange Weather Lately: http://papercutz.com/metaphrog-celebrates-comics-anniversary
Sequential Tart interview by Jennifer M. Contino, "Lies, Letters, and the Strange Weather": http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/nov01/metaphrog.shtml
References
Beadie, Brian (May 23, 1999). "Comically graphic tales from the Glasgow underground". The Sunday Herald, p. 7.
The Metaphrog interview: http://www.tcj.com/the-metaphrog-interview/
External links
Official metaphrog website.
Scottish comics
1996 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange%20Weather%20Lately |
Kelly VanderBeek (born January 21, 1983 in Kapuskasing, Ontario) is a Canadian retired alpine skier originally from Kitchener, Ontario. She currently resides in Canmore, Alberta with husband (five-time Olympic kayaker) David Ford. Although she has trained at countless ski clubs over the years, she lists Chicopee Ski Club, Kitchener, Ontario as her home club.
Ski racing career
VanderBeek qualified for the Canadian National Ski team in 2000 and stayed with them for 13 years. Coming from Kapuskasing, Ontario where she learned to ski on a rope tow at the Rémi Ski Hill (34m), meant that racing at Chicopee Ski Club (Kitchener, Ontario), seemed like a mountain (even through its vertical was only 61m).
In 2002, VanderBeek won both the Super-G and downhill events on the Nor-Am Cup held in Aspen, Colorado. In 2004, she continued to make her mark on the Nor-Am Cup by winning two Super-G races at Big Mountain, Montana. She placed a remarkable 3rd in the Super-G at both the 2002 and 2003 FIS Junior World Ski Championships in Tarvisio, Italy and Puy St. Vincent, France, respectively. Kelly competed in numerous Europa Cup events as well.
On December 3, 2002, VanderBeek made her FIS World Cup debut at Lake Louise, Alberta. VanderBeek then won the Canadian Junior Athlete of the Year that same year. On December 3, 2006, VanderBeek became the first Canadian woman to reach the podium on home soil, posting a 3rd-place finish at the World Cup downhill in Lake Louise.
Later, she posted two 2nd-place finishes at World Cup events in 2007 and 2008 in Sestriere, Italy and St. Anton, Austria.
On January 12, 2013, VanderBeek announced her retirement from competitive sport during a press conference held at her home club of Chicopee Ski Club. The announcement, followed by an interview with Scott Russell, was aired on CBC.
In November 2020 VanderBeek tested positive for COVID-19.
Television Host/Broadcaster
VanderBeek worked as an analyst/host during the Vancouver Olympics and London Olympics for CTV, continuing with the Sochi Olympics with CBC. She hosted the Raising an Olympian features and was a part of the PrimeTime Panel discussing hot topics from the day in sport. She has also worked as a guest host for Sportsnet, CBC, and Sportscene.
VanderBeek has appeared in commercials for Aveeno (two commercials that aired in 2014) & Voltaren (one commercial that aired in 2013).
In 2015 VanderBeek worked the Calgary Stampede (rodeo & chuckwagons), Rogers Cup (tennis), guest hosted at The Shopping Channel, and covered alpine in Vail and Lake Louise.
In 2018, Vanderbeek provided daily CBC Olympic Overnight Show co-host duties, alongside Craig McMorris at the PyeongChang Winter Olympics.
Olympics
At the 2006 Winter Olympics VanderBeek picked up a 4th-place finish in the Super-G event, missing the podium by only 0.03 of a second. She also won the final DH training run in Torino, causing the world to take notice of this young Canadian.
On December 17, 2009, VanderBeek saw her season end along with her 2010 Winter Olympic dream when she suffered from a torn ACL, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and a tibial plateau fracture in her left knee after a crash on the second downhill training run at a World Cup in Val d'Isère, France. That same week at Val d'Isère also ended up being a season ending stop for two other Canadian Olympic hopefuls, Larisa Yurkiw and Jean-Philippe Roy.
Although VanderBeek did not compete on home soil, she was given the opportunity to carry the Olympic Flame as the torch passed through New Westminster, British Columbia. Along with other current and former members of the Canadian Alpine Ski Team, VanderBeek also appeared on live television as an alpine skiing analyst for broadcaster, CTV.
Kelly VanderBeek Racing Club
In 2009, VanderBeek created the Kelly VanderBeek Racing Club (KVR) in an effort to support young racers in Southwestern Ontario. The club provides young athletes with high performance training and is based out of her home club, Chicopee Ski Club.
KVR Kids Fit is also running in the Kitchener Waterloo region providing kids with ways to keep fit while making it fun and informative.
World Cup results
Equipment and sponsorship
Skis: Volkl
Bindings: Marker
Boots: Dalbello
Poles: Swix
Helmet & Goggles: POC
Sponsor: Teck
Other Sponsors & Suppliers: Comcor Environmental
References
External links
1983 births
Canadian female alpine skiers
Sportspeople from Kitchener, Ontario
Living people
Canadian people of Dutch descent
People from Kapuskasing
Olympic alpine skiers for Canada
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly%20VanderBeek |
The Penns Grove-Carneys Point Regional School District is a comprehensive regional public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Carneys Point Township and Penns Grove, two communities in Salem County, New Jersey, United States. A majority of students in grades 9-12 from Oldmans Township attend the district's high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Oldmans Township School District, with the balance attending Woodstown High School in the Woodstown-Pilesgrove Regional School District.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 2,185 students and 182.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.0:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "A", the lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Lafayette-Pershing School with 331 students in grades Pre-K to Kindergarten
Candy Shockley, interim principal
Field Street School with 480 students in grades 1 - 3
Mary Kwiatkowski, principal
Paul W. Carleton School with 355 students in grades 4 - 5
Cameron Baynes, principal
Middle school
Penns Grove Middle School with 465 students in grades 6 - 8
Dr. Tara Allen, principal
Abner Mendoza, assistant principal
High school
Penns Grove High School with 508 students in grades 9 - 12
Lory O'Brien, principal
Kerry Heathwaite, assistant principal
Anwar Golden, assistant principal and athletic director
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Dr. Zenaida Cobián, superintendent
Christopher DeStratis, school business administrator and board secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, with nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election.
References
External links
Penns Grove - Carneys Point Regional School District
School Data for the Penns Grove - Carneys Point Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Carneys Point Township, New Jersey
Penns Grove, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group A
School districts in Salem County, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penns%20Grove-Carneys%20Point%20Regional%20School%20District |
Haplogroup JT is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Origin
Haplogroup JT is descended from the macro-haplogroup R. It is the ancestral clade to the mitochondrial haplogroups J and T.
JT (predominantly J) was found among the ancient Etruscans. The haplogroup has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens dating from the Epipaleolithic at the Taforalt prehistoric site. One ancient individual carried a haplotype, which correlates with either the JT clade or the haplogroup H subclade H14b1 (1/9; 11%).
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup JT subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.
R2'JT
JT
J
T
Health
Maternally inherited ancient mtDNA variants have clear impact on the presentation of disease in a modern society. Superhaplogroup JT is an example of reduced risk of Parkinson's disease And mitochondrial and mtDNa alterations continue to be promising disease biomarkers.
See also
Genealogical DNA test
Genetic genealogy
Human mitochondrial genetics
Population genetics
References
External links
General
Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
JT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20JT |
Wilfreda Beehive is a bus and coach operator based in Adwick-le-Street, Doncaster.
History
Wilfreda Luxury Coaches was formed in 1949 by Bill and Marie Scholey. They took the name from a coach they bought from Wilfred Graham, a taxi operator in Doncaster who named his daughter Wilfreda and then named a coach after her.
At first, the company operated coach services from a depot at Ranskill, near Bawtry. In 1987 it acquired the Adwick-le-Street business of E.A. Hart trading as Beehive Services, becoming Wilfreda Beehive, growing its fleet from nine to 23 coaches. Between 1993 and 1998 it operated many bus services, but sold them and its service buses to Mainline Group just before the latter was absorbed by First South Yorkshire in 1998.
In 2001 Wilfreda began operating service buses again. It operates a mixed fleet ranging from modern high quality coaches to old double-deckers. Many of its routes are school services or South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive contracts, a large number of which have been won from other operators in recent years. However, it more recently has restarted operating competitive commercial services, such as the 52. In 2006, the company took over Eagre Coaches, Gainsborough which runs many coach tours and holidays.
In 2012 the company stopped all bus services
As of 2023, the company remains in family ownership, managed by the founders' grandson Peter Scholey.
Fleet
As at October 2013 the fleet consisted of 40 buses and coaches.
See also
List of bus operators of the United Kingdom
References
External links
Company website
www.eagre.co.uk/
Flickr gallery
Coach operators in England
Bus operators in South Yorkshire
Bus transport in Doncaster | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfreda%20Beehive |
Luis César Alvarado Martínez (January 15, 1949 – March 20, 2001), born in Lajas, Puerto Rico was an infielder in Major League Baseball (MLB). From 1968 through 1977, he played for the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets and Detroit Tigers. Alvarado batted and threw right-handed.
Biography
Nicknamed "Pimba", Alvarado broke into the majors in 1968 with the Boston Red Sox. In 1969 he started at Triple-A with the Louisville Colonels, and led the International League in runs (89) and hits (166), garnering Most Valuable Player honors. He returned to the Red Sox at the end of the season.
Alvarado divided much of his career playing time between shortstop and second base. After hitting .224 in 59 games for Boston in 1970, he was traded along with Mike Andrews to the Chicago White Sox for Luis Aparicio on December 1 of that year. His most productive season came in 1972, when he posted career-highs in runs (30), hits (57), doubles (14) and games (103). He played in parts of 1974 to 1977 divided between the Cardinals, Indians, Mets and Tigers and for several teams in the Mexican League from 1979 to 1981. In nine seasons, he posted a .214 batting average with five home runs and 84 runs batted in (RBIs) in 463 games played.
Alvarado died in his hometown of Lajas, Puerto Rico, at the age of 52 from a heart attack on March 20, 2001.
See also
List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
References
External links
1949 births
2001 deaths
Boston Red Sox players
Cachorros de León players
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Detroit Tigers players
Diablos Rojos del México players
Hawaii Islanders players
International League MVP award winners
Leones de Yucatán players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball infielders
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
New York Mets players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
People from Lajas, Puerto Rico
Pittsfield Red Sox players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Sultanes de Monterrey players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
Waterloo Hawks (baseball) players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Alvarado |
Brian Paldan Jensen (born 8 June 1975) is a Danish retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the first team goalkeeping coach at Shrewsbury Town. He played more than 300 English league games for Burnley and West Bromwich Albion.
Jensen started his career with Danish lower-league club B.93, before joining Dutch Eredivisie club AZ Alkmaar in 1997. He made his senior breakthrough with West Bromwich Albion, playing a total of 50 games for the club. He joined Burnley in 2003 and played more than 300 games in all competitions, helping the club win promotion to the top-flight Premier League in 2009.
Career
Early career
Born and raised in the Nørrebro quarter of Copenhagen, Jensen began playing football as a defender in the youth team of B 93. As the youth team goalkeeper lacked height, the keeper job was given to the "biggest and dumbest" player of the team, according to Jensen himself. He was a substitute to goalkeeper Jan Hoffmann at the B 93 senior team.
His goalkeeping talent caught the attention of Dutch outfit AZ when he was named best goalkeeper at a youth tournament in the Netherlands. He was loaned out from Alkmaar to Danish club Hvidovre IF for eight months, while finishing his electrician education, before going to play as a full-time professional for Alkmaar in February 1998. Jensen managed one appearance in the Eredivisie championship in his time at Alkmaar, serving exclusively as a substitute for Dutch international keeper Oscar Moens.
West Bromwich Albion
While waiting for his Alkmaar contract to run out, Jensen trained with Division One side West Bromwich Albion, where his imposing stature earned him the nickname "The Beast". When West Brom keeper Chris Adamson was asked to comment on Jensen, he told reporters he was "nothing but a beast". Jensen moved to West Brom for a fee of £80,000 in March 2000. He made his Albion debut on 7 March 2000 and kept a clean sheet in a 2–0 victory over Tranmere Rovers. He stayed at West Brom for three years, playing a total of 50 games. He helped the club survive in Division One in 1999–2000, and was a regular for much of the following season, until the arrival of Russell Hoult saw the end of Jensen's playing time for WBA in February 2001. Jensen never re-gained a regular place, playing only one match in Albion's promotion season of 2001–02. He moved on in 2003, after West Brom were relegated, finishing 19th in the Premier League.
Burnley
He joined Burnley on 30 June 2003 on a free transfer. During his first season at Burnley, he was the only goalkeeper on their books. The club avoided relegation by just two points, finishing in 19th position in the First Division. After the arrival of Danny Coyne in the summer of 2004, he found himself second choice keeper at Turf Moor, but through good form and a serious injury to Coyne he earned his place back in the starting line-up. Following impressive form in autumn 2004, Jensen criticised national team manager Morten Olsen for not having watched him play, when Jensen thought he had earned a place in the Danish national squad.
After a run of performances in which Jensen's form was found lacking by Burnley manager Steve Cotterill, goalkeeper Mike Pollitt was brought on loan to Turf Moor in January 2007. In response to being left out of the Burnley team for a match at Southampton, Jensen wanted to leave the club, and on 22 January 2007 Burnley placed him on the transfer list. However, by April of that year, Jensen had not only re-established himself as the club's first-choice but his relationship with Cotterill had improved and he was taken off the transfer list.
Burnley brought in another goalkeeper, Gábor Király, before the 2007–08 season and Jensen found himself once again seemingly second choice, spending four months out of the team from mid-September. He returned to regular first team action in January 2008. He signed a new two-year contract with Burnley in June 2008. He saved two penalties to help Burnley beat Chelsea in the fourth round of the League Cup. He played in the 2009 Football League Championship play-off final, in which Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to earn promotion to the Premier League. On 19 August 2009, he was named man of the match in Burnley's 1–0 Premier League victory over Manchester United, which was Burnley's first top division win in 33 years. The performance included a range of saves as well as a penalty save against Michael Carrick. He signed a new two-year contract with the club in June 2010. Jensen played his 300th league game in a 4–0 win over Hull City on 28 September 2010. On 22 December 2010, Jensen officially handed in a written transfer request due to lack of games. However, Jensen decided to withdraw the transfer request. Jensen would then sign a one-year contract with the club.
On 6 May 2013, Jensen announced to his followers on Twitter that he was not going to be offered a new contract. Despite being released, Jensen told langebolde.dk in the interview that he ruled out retirement due to desire to play on for many years.
Bury
Jensen joined Bury on a short-term contract on 2 September 2013, and was named player-goalkeeper coach the following January. Having made seventeen appearances, Jensen signed a contract extension with the club until the end of the season.
At the end of the season, he was named Bury Player of the Season by both the fans of the club and by local newspaper Bury Times. Despite good performances, Jensen was released by the club in May 2014 after being told that he would not be offered a new contract.
Crawley Town
On 27 May 2014, Jensen signed a one-year contract at Crawley Town under manager John Gregory. He was Crawley's second signing of the 2014–15 season. Jensen made 20 appearances for The Reds before dislocating his finger against MK Dons in January 2015.
Mansfield Town
On 24 June 2015, Jensen signed a one-year deal with League Two rivals Mansfield Town on a free transfer as a player and goalkeeping coach. Jensen holds the record for being the oldest player to play for the club at the age of 40 years, seven months and nine days.
The Nottinghamshire club extended Jensen's term at Field Mill at the end of the 2015–16 season. He was released by Mansfield at the end of the 2016–17 season.
Crusaders
On 17 May 2017, Jensen signed a one-year contract with NIFL Premiership side Crusaders.
Coaching career
After a playing career spanning over 25 years, Jensen launched a new GK Icon youth goalkeeping academy in Sandbach, Cheshire on 31 May 2016.
On 1 June 2018, it was announced that he had returned to Bury on a two-year contract as the first team goalkeeping coach, working with manager Ryan Lowe.
On 21 June 2019, Jensen joined the backroom staff as goalkeeping coach at League One side Shrewsbury Town.
Career statistics
Recognition
A child born to Burnley fans in 2011 was named after Jensen, with thirteen middle names after other players on the team.
Honours
Burnley
Football League Championship play-offs: 2009
Crusaders
NIFL Premiership: 2017–18
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Copenhagen
Danish men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Boldklubben af 1893 players
AZ Alkmaar players
Hvidovre IF players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Crusaders F.C. players
Bury F.C. non-playing staff
Mansfield Town F.C. non-playing staff
Eredivisie players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. non-playing staff
Crawley Town F.C. non-playing staff
Association football goalkeeping coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Jensen%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201975%29 |
Gaius or Lucius Fulvius Plautianus (c. 150 – 22 January 205) was a member of the Roman gens Fulvia. As head of the Praetorian Guard, he was very influential in the administration of state affairs, and clashed with Julia Domna, the wife of Septimius Severus.
Plautianus was originally from Leptis Magna, southeast of Carthage (modern Libya, North Africa). He was a maternal cousin and long-time friend of the Emperor Septimius Severus. Plautianus' father was another Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, born c. 130, whose sister, Fulvia Pia (c. 125 - after 198), was married to Severus' father Publius Septimius Geta.
Plautianus was praefectus vigilum (commander of the Vigiles in Rome) from 193 to 197.
Plautianus was appointed prefect of the Praetorian Guard in 197. Due to their friendship, Severus rewarded Plautianus with various honors, including a consular insignia, a seat in the Roman Senate and the Consulship of 203. During his consulship, Plautianus' image was minted on coins along with Severus' second son, Publius Septimius Geta.
He assisted Severus in administering the empire and became very wealthy and powerful. Severus made him his second in command. He was at odds with Julia Domna, the wife of the emperor, presumably for influence. In 202, Plautianus married his daughter, Publia Fulvia Plautilla, to Caracalla (Severus’ first son and co-emperor) in Rome. Plautianus had those who opposed him assassinated or executed. He became so powerful that Caracalla and his mother, Julia Domna, began to be concerned for successions. Aware of her reservations, Plautianus sought to disrepute, dishonor and disempower Julia. He had her servants and friends arrested and tortured in hopes of extracting some damaging testimony against her. He was unsuccessful in his efforts.
The aforementioned marriage between Caracalla and Plautilla was not a happy one - In fact, Caracalla loathed both her and her father, threatening to kill them after becoming sole emperor. When Plautianus discovered this, he plotted to overthrow Severus' family.
When Plautianus was accused of treachery against the imperial family, Septimius Severus summoned him to the palace. During the meeting on 22 January 205, Caracalla's men killed him. After his death, Plautianus’ property was confiscated, his name was erased from public monuments, and his son of the same name, his daughter and his granddaughter were exiled to Sicily. They were all strangled on Caracalla's orders in early 212.
Family
He married Hortensia and had:
Fulvia Plautilla
Gaius Fulvius Plautius Hortensianus (c. 170 - executed, 212). He was married to Aurelia (born c. 170), daughter of Lucius Aurelius Gallus consul in 174.
References
Sources
Ancientlibrary.com
Trajancoins.com
Livius.org
Tertullian.org
150s births
205 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Imperial Roman consuls
Ancient Roman generals
Plautianus, Gaius
2nd-century praetorian prefects
3rd-century praetorian prefects
Generals of Septimius Severus
Praefecti vigilum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius%20Fulvius%20Plautianus |
The theory of the productive forces, sometimes referred to as productive force determinism, is a variation of historical materialism and Marxism that places primary emphasis on technical advances as the basis for advances and changes in the social structure and culture of a given civilization. The relative strength assigned to the role of technical or technological progress in impacting society and social advancement differs among different schools of Marxist thinkers. A related concept is technological determinism.
On a prescriptive level, this view places a strong emphasis on the necessity of strengthening the productive forces of the economy as a precondition for the realization of socialism, and within a nominally socialist economy, essential to achieving communism. This theory was held by many orthodox Marxists as well as Marxist–Leninists, playing a crucial role in informing the economic policies of current and former socialist states.
Empirical support
The most influential philosophical defence of this idea has been promulgated by Gerald Cohen in his book Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence. According to this view, technical change can beget social change; in other words, changes in the means and intensity of production causes changes in the relations of production, i.e., in people's ideology and culture, their interactions with one another, and their social relationship to the wider world. This view point is a foundation of orthodox Marxism.
In this view, actual socialism, being based on social ownership and a wide distribution of an abundant surplus product, cannot come to pass until that society's ability to produce wealth is built up enough to satisfy its whole population and to support socialist production methods. Using this theory as a basis for their practical programmes meant that communist theoreticians and leaders in most socialist states, while paying lip service to the primacy of ideological change in individuals to sustain a communist society, actually put productive forces first and ideological change second.
The theory of the productive forces is encapsulated in the following quote from The German Ideology:
Socialist states
Based on the theory of the productive forces and related perspectives, in the economic systems of the former Eastern Bloc and the present-day socialist states, the State accumulated capital through surpluses from state owned enterprises for the purpose of rapidly modernizing and industrializing their countries, because these countries were not technologically advanced to a point where an actual socialist economy was technically possible, or where a socialist state could actually try to reach a communist mode of production. The philosophical perspective behind the modernizing zeal of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China was based on the desire to industrialize their countries.
External links
The German Ideology by Karl Marx, Part I: Feuerbach.
The rise of capitalism by Chris Harman
The Poverty of Philosophy by Karl Marx
See also
Economic determinism
Historical materialism
Information revolution
Mode of production
Socialist mode of production
Technological determinism
References
Communist theory
Marxist theory
Dialectical materialism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20of%20the%20productive%20forces |
Amstelhoek is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, about northwest of Mijdrecht. Amstelhoek lies on the river Amstel, directly across from Uithoorn.
It was first mentioned in 1936 as Amstelhoek, and means "corner of the Amstel river". It was named after the fortress. The village developed around a bridge built in 1636, and used to be named Mennonietenbuurt, meaning Mennonite corner, because a Mennonite church was built in the hamlet. The Mennonites left around 1800, and sold the land and church to the Protestants in 1804. The village was home to 187 people in 1840. Between 1885 and 1895, two big forts were built near the village as part of the Stelling van Amsterdam. One of the forts was named Fort bij Amstelhoek.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
De Ronde Venen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstelhoek |
A housewarming party is a party traditionally held soon after moving into a new residence. It is an occasion for the hosts to present their new home to their friends, post-moving, and for friends to give gifts to furnish the new home. House-warming parties are generally informal.
History
The English term "housewarming" is descended literally from the act of warming a new house, in the days before central heating. Each guest would bring firewood, and build fires in all the available fireplaces, offering firewood as a gift. Aside from warming the house, this was also believed to repel evil spirits by creating a protective atmosphere of warmth. Uninhabited houses were considered targets for vagrant spirits, and therefore used to require a certain level of cleansing before a house was safe to be occupied by young children.
The origin is from the medieval times.
Gifts
The exchange of bread and salt as a sign of hospitality is common in many cultures. Giving bread and salt as a housewarming gift was popular in Russia, Germany, and a feature of Jewish housewarming traditions.
In Greece, the pomegranate was a traditional housewarming gift. It would be placed under or near the domestic altar of the house to bring good luck, fertility and abundance. While the pomegranate was considered the fruit of the dead, it also had strong connections to marriage and wealth and featured in the myth of Persephone.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, pineapples were considered an elaborate and extravagant housewarming gift throughout Europe and America. The tradition began as a means of displaying the wealth and connections of the gift giver as pineapples were associated with the welcoming hospitality of indigenous Caribbean peoples shown to Imperial travellers.
Amongst the Karakalpaks of Northwestern Uzbekistan, guests at a housewarming would bring gifts of cloth when they moved into a new yurt.
Regional variations
In France a housewarming party is called a pendaison de crémaillère, literally "hanging of the chimney hook". The expression comes from medieval times. When the construction of the house was finished, it was customary to invite all those who participated in its building to eat dinner as a vote of thanks. The food was prepared in a large pot, the temperature of which was controlled by a chimney hook, which could adjust the pot so it sat higher or lower over the fireplace. This hook was the last thing to be installed in the new house, marking the beginning of the thank you meal.
In India, this ceremony is known as "Griha Pravesh" (गृह प्रवेश in Devanagari) or புதுமனை புகு விழா/Pudumanai Pugu vizha (Tamil) or "Veettu koodal" "ഗൃഹപ്രവേശം/വീട്ടുകൂടൽ" (Malayalam) or "Gruha Pravesam" "గృహప్రవేశం" (Telugu) or "ಗೃಹ ಪ್ರವೇಶ" (Kannada), literally meaning "entering new house" (for the first time). In some places, they allow a cow (sacred animal among the Hindus) to be the first to enter the house, as the first part of the ceremony. The ceremony usually involves Vastu Shaant (वास्तुशांत in Devanagari).
The traditional Thai housewarming is a Buddhist ritual in which monks, family, friends, and food all play important roles.
In the Southern United States, an old-fashioned type of party, known as a "Food Pounder", is popular. Traditionally, each guest would bring the new homeowners a pound of food such as cheese, cornmeal, flour, sugar, or any other staple food needed to stock the new home's pantry. In modern times the tradition has been extended to canned goods and even fresh foods, but the hosts are still most likely to receive the basic foodstuffs needed to set up a kitchen.
In Russia and former USSR countries, it is believed that a cat should be allowed to enter the new house first; this is said to bring home and family luck.
References
Moving and relocation
Parties | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housewarming%20party |
Salonina was the cognomen of Roman empress Cornelia Salonina, wife of Emperor Gallienus. The name Salonina is also sometimes incorrectly given as the first name of Salonia Matidia, niece of emperor Trajan.
Ancient Roman cognomina
Feminine names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salonina |
Palghat Kollengode Viswanathan Narayanaswamy (15 November 1923 – 1 April 2002), often referred to as K. V. Narayanaswamy was an Indian musician, widely considered to be among the finest Carnatic music vocalists of the 20th century. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1986. He was described as the "Perfect Knight" of Carnatic music, a phrase from Geoffrey Chaucer, by V. K. Narayana Menon, art critic of India and recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship.
Early life and background
Narayanaswamy was born to Kollengode Viswanathayyar and Muthulakshmi Ammal in Palghat, Kerala, to a Palakkad Iyer family, a district renowned for its cultural and musical traditions, on 15 November 1923. Narayanaswamy was born into a family of illustrious musicians and artists. His great-grandfather Viswam Bhagavatar was renowned for his evocative Ashtapadis and rendered services for Maharaja Ayilyam Thirunal, ruler of the princely state of Travancore from 1860 to 1880. In return Viswam Bhagavatar was bestowed with government aid and hereditary royal privileges. Viswam Bhagavatar's son, Narayana Bhagavatar continued his father's legacy. His son was violin maestro, Viswanathayyar (soon came to be known as 'Fiddle' Viswanathayyar), His father. K.V. Narayanaswamy learned basic music lessons under his father and grandfather. After studying in Palghat till the fifth form, he moved to Coimbatore, where he briefly dabbled in theatre. Narayanaswamy even managed a role as the young Kanappan in the movie Kannappa Nayanar. The movie bombed at the box office.
Narayanaswamy began extensive training under Mridangam maestro, Padma Bhushan, Palghat Mani Iyer. Mani Iyer proceeded to place Narayanaswamy under the tutelage of Sangeetakalacharya C.S. Krishna Iyer, a highly competent vocalist, musicologist and composer in Palghat, and then under violinist and Sangeetha Kalanidhi Papa Venkataramaiah. Viswanatha Bhagavatar was however very keen that Narayanaswamy should train under Sangeetha Kalanidhi
Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar or Sangeetha Kalanidhi Padma Bhushan Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar, who were two of the four most dominant musicians of the first half of the twentieth century along with the likes of Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and G. N. Balasubramaniam. Mani Iyer soon judged Narayanaswamy to be ready for gurukulavasam under Ariyakudi and in 1942, Narayanaswamy took the giant step. He entered the home of Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar and remained an ardent disciple until the latter's death in 1967.
Performing career
Narayanaswamy's major break came at a Madras Music Academy concert in 1951, when he was unexpectedly forced to substitute for his guru, Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar who was not in a position to attend the conference under unforeseen circumstances. Accompanied by doyens Palghat Mani Iyer and Papa Venkataramayya, this concert proved to be a milestone in Narayanaswamy's career. The training under Palghat Mani Iyer allowed Narayanaswamy to develop a solid knowledge of rhythmic nuances. This in turn would enable him to be at ease in the company of such legends of percussion as Palani Subramaniam Pillai, Palghat R. Raghu, Mavelikkara Velukkutty Nair, and Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman to name a few. Narayanaswamy, Palghat R. Raghu, and violin maestro T.N.Krishnan soon became a frequent and much admired combination on stage.
K.V.Narayanaswamy was intimately connected to the Travancore royal family following his skilful rendition of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma's Navaratri compositions. Another landmark in Narayanaswamy's life came in 1964 when he participated in the East-West Encounter concerts in New Delhi. This was followed by a widely acclaimed concert at the Edinburgh Festival in Scotland in 1965.
On being made professor of music at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, between 1965 and 1967, he went on a coast-to-coast concert tour of US. He was one of four artists including Bismillah Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, and Ravi Shankar who participated in the hugely popular Hollywood Bowl music festival in Los Angeles in the summer of 1967.In 1974, Narayanaswamy went to teach in Berkeley, California for a year, in the company of dancer Balasaraswati and sitarist Nikhil Banerjee. Invited by the American Society of Eastern Arts, he travelled to North America, Europe (Berlin Music Festival in 1976) and Australia (Adelaide Arts Festival in 1988) multiple times thereafter on various concert tours. He also joined the Music College in Madras as a lecturer in 1962 when Musiri Subramania Iyer was its principal, and retired as Professor of Music in 1982.In 1984, Narayanaswamy was to become the first Indian musician to be awarded the Fulbright Scholarship and went to San Diego State University in California as an artist-in-residence under the scholarship. For nine months he taught at the university and gave performances all over North America.
Musical style and song repertoire
Though Narayanaswamy's singing bore his master Ariyakudi's Bani, over the years he evolved a unique style of his own. Strict classicism and blemish-less singing are some of the obvious facets of his music. His vast repertoire included songs that encompassed every genre, a number of languages and composers belonging to different ages. Endaro Mahanubhavulu in Sri Ragam, Sri Subrahmanya Namaste in Kambhoji, Bala gopala in Bhairavi, Satatam Tavaka in Kharaharapriya, Pahi Janani in Natakuranji, Enneramum in rāga Devagandhari, Pirava varam tarum in Latangi and Kanavendamo in Sriranjani are some of the songs that have come to bear his distinct signature. "The depth of emotion and the pathos he invested in singing certain compositions of Gopalakrishna Bharathi, especially VarugalAmo ayya and his incomparable and unique presentation of Krishna nee beganey in the style of Jayammal and Balasaraswati, in which he caressed the words and phrases exquisitely and had the audience in a trance as if he were a pied piper" are noteworthy. Strict adherence to Shruthi (musical pitch), lyrical purity and a poignant rendition were distinctive features of Narayanaswamy's music.
Leading disciples
Some of Narayanaswamy's leading disciples were Padma Narayanaswamy (whom he married), vocalist K.V.Ananthan, violinist and vocalist Hemmige V. Srivatsan, renowned flautist Shashank Subramanyam, Padma Sandilyan, Padmasri Veeraraghavan, Hemmige S. Prashanth, Pattabhirama Pandit, Sathish Rao, M.R.Subramaniam, T. S. Ranganathan, Manipallavam K.Sarangan, Balaji Prasad Krishnamurthy, Ravi Srinivasan, B. Raman and Ramanujan. Also French Algerian Toufiq Touzene AKA Tulsi Ram.
Personal life
In 1948 Narayanaswamy married Palghat Mani Iyer's cousin Annapoorni. They had three daughters and a son: Muktha, Lalitha, Viswanathan and violinist Ramaa Raghunathan. She died in 1962. In 1965 Narayanaswamy married Padma, a talented musician and disciple who continues to train her husband's students in his style. Their daughter Anuradha Krishnamurthy is a trained vocalist and television actor.
Recognition
Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award, 1971
President of India's Padma Shri, 1976
Central Sangeet Natak Academi Award, 1976
Fulbright Scholar and visiting professor at University of California, San Diego, 1984–85
Madras Music Academy's Sangita Kalanidhi Award, 1986.
The Fine Arts Society's Sangeetha Kalasikhamani award (1989)
See also
Carnatic music
References
External links
K. V. Narayanaswamy Home Page
1923 births
2002 deaths
Male Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
Indian Tamil people
Tamil musicians
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients
Wesleyan University faculty
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Musicians from Palakkad
Singers from Kerala
Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20V.%20Narayanaswamy |
Chou Chun-hsun (Taiwanese POJ: Chiu Chùn-hun; born February 23, 1980) is a Go player.
Biography
Chou was born in Taipei, Taiwan. During the 1980s and 1990s, professional Go was not a very established game in Taiwan and did not present many opportunities for its players, but unlike many other professional Taiwanese players who relocated to Japan to further their careers, Chou decided that he would compete solely in Taiwan. Chou became a professional in 1993. He would later achieve a 7 dan ranking in 1997, then finally a 9 dan in 1998. He was the first professional player to achieve a 9 dan ranking while competing only in Taiwan . He is widely credited as the best player of the Taiwan Qiyuan, although with the increasing popularity of Go in his country, his status has been challenged by other opponents. He won his first international title, LG Cup, in 2007 beating Hu Yaoyu 2 to 1. He is the only player from Taiwan Qiyuan to win an international as of 2022 (Hsu Hao-hung became the next Taiwanese international winner in 2023).
He is nicknamed as the "red-faced go master" due to the presence of a large birth mark on his right face. In the west his name is often rendered as "Chun-Hsun Chou".
References
Titles & runners-up
1980 births
Living people
Taiwanese Go players
Sportspeople from Taipei
Go players at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Chinese Taipei | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chou%20Chun-hsun |
Hilchenbach () is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreis (district) of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Location
Hilchenbach is about northeast of Siegen. The town borders in the south on Netphen, in the west on Kreuztal, in the north on Kirchhundem and in the east on Erndtebrück.
Geology
The town's largest flowing body of water is the Ferndorfbach, a tributary to the river Sieg. The municipal area's average elevation is above sea level, with its highest elevation being at at the Riemen, a peak in the Rothaargebirge.
Constituent communities
The town is made up of the following centres: Allenbach, Dahlbruch, Grund, Hadem, Helberhausen, (Alt-)Hilchenbach (alt means "old"), Lützel, Müsen, Oberndorf, Oechelhausen, Ruckersfeld and Vormwald. The recent political unit of Hilchenbach was founded in 1969.
History
The town of Hilchenbach was first mentioned in documents in 1292, when it went by the name Heylichinbach in a donation document from Countess Agnes von Nassau and her eldest son Heinrich to the Keppel Monastery. There are however clues that a church was established in this area sometime between 950 and 1000 by the Corvey Monastery, implying that there was settlement there.
In a document from 20 July 1365, a "firm house" – "festes Haus" – (Wilhelmsburg) in Hilchenbach is mentioned, which from 1489 to 1622 was enfeoffed to the Wischen von Langenau noble family. A castle with a moat was mentioned in 1623. It supposedly replaced Count William of Nassau-Siegen's Ginsburg residence.
In 1687, the village of Hilchenbach was raised to Flecken – market town.
In 1689 and 1844 nearly the whole town of (Alt-)Hilchenbach was destroyed by fire.
Hilchenbach and the villages in the surrounding were a part of the former County of Nassau. During the Napoleonic Wars in 1807 it became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia. In 1815 after the Congress of Vienna Hilchenbach and other villages in the Siegerland became part of the Prussian province of Westphalia.
Politics
Town council
The town council is elected roughly every 5 years. Its composition is listed below:
Note: UWG (Unabhängige Wählergruppe) is an independent citizens' coalition.
Mayor
The mayor of Hilchenbach is Kyrillos Kaioglidis, elected in September 2020.
Coat of arms
Hilchenbach's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: Azure a wolf statant or langued gules; crest: a castle with three crenellated towers argent. The arms were last approved in this form on 13 April 1970. The first version of the coat was approved in 1911 by German emperor Wilhelm II.
The wolf charge refers to the charge in preserved examples of the old Hilchenbach jurymen's seal, which had the circumscription "S. der scheffen von helchenbach" ("S" stood for Siegel – seal – and the rest is archaic German for der Schöffen von Hilchenbach – of the Jurymen of Hilchenbach), and which appears on documents from 6 October 1477 and 17 November 1485.
Town partnerships
Hilchenbach maintains town friendship links with:
Arendsee, Saxony-Anhalt
Seiffen, Saxony
Culture and sightseeing
Theatre
In the constituent community of Dahlbruch is found the Viktoriakino, a cinema also used as a theatre.
Museums
At the mining museum in Müsen, the finds from digs in the Altenberg area are on display. Furthermore, there is a mining gallery for visitors.
Buildings
Ginsburg
The Ginsburg, lying high above the constituent community of Grund was mentioned in 1255 as a Nassau border fortification. The castle achieved historic importance in 1568 when William I of Orange-Nassau drafted plans to free the Netherlands at the castle, also making final preparations for the campaign there. On the Ginsburg Heath was the meeting point for the third army group under Count Ludwig von Nassau, making the Ginsburg, and thereby also Hilchenbach, into a starting point for the Dutch struggle for freedom. Nowadays, only the castle's keep is still fully preserved, the rest of the complex lying in ruins.
Keppel Convent
This convent from 1239 was documented by a Sir Frederick (Ritter Friedrich). After the Reformation, Keppel became a noble convent. A Gymnasium is today housed in the buildings. Elsewhere in Hilchenbach was, from 1867, a teachers' college, which lasted until after the First World War. Later, the Jung-Stilling-Gymnasium was housed in the college's old building. Hilchenbach is thereby the town with the second longest – after Siegen – education tradition in the Siegerland.
Breitenbachtalsperre
Between the constituent communities of Dahlbruch and Allenbach lies the Breitenbachtalsperre, or Breitenbach Dam, which furnishes a water supply to the Siegerland. For the hiker, there are many trails here to choose from.
Natural monuments
Altenberg
At the Altenberg between the constituent community of Müsen and Kreuztal-Littfeld are found the remains of a settlement from the 13th century. A hiking trail leads through this former mining settlement. Archaeological finds are on display at the mining museum in Müsen.
Owing to their prominence in mining history documentation, a great number of finds have been taken up by the German Mining Museum in Bochum. Exhibited to the visitor there, around a complete coalpit display and with the help of the museum finds, is the mediaeval miners' way of life.
Regular events
KulturPur – international tent theatre festival at Whitsun on the "Giller" (local heath) in Grund.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The main transport connections are in the east-west direction by Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 508 and the Rothaar Railway from Kreuztal to Erndtebrück. The South Westphalia Transport Community (Verkehrsgemeinschaft Westfalen-Süd; VGWS) runs buslines connecting the town with neighbouring communities. Hilchenbach can furthermore also be reached through the Siegerland Airport (Siegerlandflughafen) in the south of the district.
Established businesses
Hilchenbach has a specialized neurological clinic offering neuropsychology, psychotherapy, speech therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, music and art therapy, rehabilitative therapy, social counselling and nutritional and dietary counselling.
Personalities
Honorary citizens
Wilhelm Münker (1874–1970), conservationist and cofounder of the German Youth Hostel Association (Deutsches Jugendherbergswerk; DJH).
Sons and daughters of the town
Johann Heinrich Jung (known as Jung-Stilling) (born 12 September 1740 in Grund; died 2 April 1817 in Karlsruhe), taylor, teacher, eye specialist, economist (kameralist), writer, consultant of the Count of Baden.
Carl Kraemer (1873–1951), animal welfare proponent
Ulf Weiß-Vogtmann (1900–1989), inventor of the ejector seat
Robert Ochsenfeld (born 18 May 1901 in Hilchenbach-Helberhausen; died 5 December 1993 in Hilchenbach-Helberhausen), German physicist
Moritz Ophaus (born 1995 in Hadem), known as 'The chosen one', molecular biologist, original inventor of the Figet Spinner
Literature
Rainer S. Elkar: Menschen-Häuser-Schicksale. Hilchenbach zwischen Monarchie, Diktatur und Republik. Kreuztal 1992.
References
External links
Private website about Hilchenbach
Hilchenbach history and timelines
Private website about Müsen
Eintracht Chöre Helberhausen ("Harmony Choirs")
Heimatverein Helberhausen-Oberndorf ("Historic and Tradition Club of Helberhausen")
Bärengruppe Helberhausen ("Bear Group" that scares evil spirits away on New Year's Day)
Neurological clinic
Reptiles Rescue Station
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilchenbach |
Christy Jenkins is a fictional character from the American television supernatural drama Charmed, which aired on The WB Television Network (The WB) from 1998 to 2006. The character was created by executive producer Brad Kern and was portrayed by actress Marnette Patterson. Developed in response to the WB's request for a new character, Christy was originally planned to expand the show in a new direction for a possible ninth season or spin-off. It was later confirmed that all future plans for the show were cancelled following the WB's closure to launch The CW.
Introduced as Billie Jenkins's long-lost sister, she secretly collaborates with the demonic council known as the Triad with their plans to destroy the Charmed Ones. She eventually convinces Billie that the Charmed Ones are corrupt, and use their power to fulfill their own personal desires, rather than help for the greater good. Billie kills Christy in self-defense after being unable to convince her to understand the Halliwell sisters were good, and to return home with her. Throughout season eight, Christy is shown to be a powerful witch with a mastery of her powers of telepathy and pyrokinesis. She is also called the Key to the Ultimate Power due to her connection with Billie, who is prophesied to be the Ultimate Power. Christy is referenced in canonical Charmed material such as comic books and novels.
Christy has received mixed commentary from critics—much of it relating to her storyline with Billie, which was compared to those from previous seasons. Her role as a villain received positive attention, while Patterson's acting was criticized as exaggerated. The exact nature of Christy's morality and her status as the season's antagonist have been the subject of debate among television critics and the series' fans.
Development
Creation and casting
The WB Television Network (the WB) renewed Charmed for an eighth season on condition that it incorporated new characters that could either sustain a ninth season or lead to a spin-off series. The WB reached this decision after the show's three lead actors Alyssa Milano, Holly Marie Combs, and Rose McGowan choose to not renew their contracts for future seasons. Executive producer Brad Kern scripted the sisterhood between Christy and Billie Jenkins as a way to preserve the series' focus on family. Kern said the inclusion of Patterson and Cuoco as Christy and Billie Jenkins was done to "take the series out the way it began" through a focus on sisters. In an interview with Starry Constellation Magazine, Marnette Patterson said she enjoyed the opportunity to join an established series and be featured in its finale. She added that she had an instant chemistry with her co-star Kaley Cuoco.
During the WB's merge with United Paramount Network (UPN) to form the CW Television Network (The CW) in 2006, network executives announced that there was not enough room in the schedule for a Charmed spin-off. Cuoco confirmed that a spin-off involving her character would not be developed during an interview with E!'s Kristin Veitch, and said "Charmed is done". Following the show's cancellation, Brian Krause, who played Leo Wyatt, expressed confusion over the direction of its final season. He questioned the decision to prominently feature Patterson and Cuoco, stating: "I don't know if they were trying to groom talent to go on to something else".
Characterization
Developed as a recurring character, Christy has been noted as a "source of fandom controversy" over the exact definition of her morality. When discussing Christy's kidnapping and subsequent imprisonment by demons, Kern raised the question of whether or not she was experiencing a form of Stockholm syndrome. He cited the nature versus nurture debate as one of the factors behind the development of the character. Kern said the character returned to: "[a question] we've played with and toyed with and worked every way possible over the last eight years, and [for the finale] we would like to return to it."
Even though Kern intended for the character's morality to be left ambiguous and to the viewer's interpretation, a majority of television commentators characterized Christy as an antagonist. Brittany Spanos of Vulture.com determined that Christy was an evil witch due to her betrayal of Billie and the Charmed Ones, and SpoilerTV's Gavin Hetherington identified her as the season's big bad. In their book The Book of Three, authors Diana G. Gallagher and Paul Ruditis wrote that she served as the Triad's protégée. Ruditis followed this up in a later interview by calling Christy a pawn under the control of the Triad rather than a proper villain; he found that the series lacked a strong, female antagonist.
Powers
Christy is the older of Carl and Helen Jenkins's two daughters. Both of her parents are mortal, and her powers were inherited from her maternal grandmother, making her a carrier of the genes determining magical ability. As a witch, Christy possesses the basic ability to cast spells, perform rituals, brew potions, scry for lost people or objects through the use of a crystal pendant, and communicate with the dead.
Christy also possesses an advanced form of telepathy, enabling her to hear and project her thoughts, as well as channeling other magical creatures' powers. Carl and Helen Jenkins (David Starzyk and Barbara Niven) said Christy heard voices prior to her kidnapping, implying that this power was already active. As a firestarter, Christy had the power of pyrokinesis; this power could be augmented by Billie's projection powers to vanquish demons previously believed to be invincible. Christy was identified as the Key to the Ultimate Power due to her relationship with Billie. Demain of Television Without Pity compared Christy to Buffy the Vampire Slayer character Dawn Summers as they were both referenced as the Key.
Appearances
Television
As a child, Christy was kidnapped by a demon called Reinhardt (Brian Oerly) as part of a plan by the demonic council known as the Triad (Steven J. Oliver, Søren Oliver, and Leland Crooke) to destroy the Charmed Ones: Piper Halliwell (Holly Marie Combs), Phoebe Halliwell (Alyssa Milano), and Paige Matthews (Rose McGowan). Prior to her abduction, the Triad sent the demon Dumain (Anthony Cistaro) to pose as Christy's imaginary friend and corrupt her. It is implied that Christy had some awareness about the Triad as her parents found the council's symbol on the final page of her diary. During the fifteen years of her kidnapping, Christy is taught to believe that it is her destiny to unite with her sister Billie Jenkins (Kaley Cuoco) and stop the Charmed Ones since they have become corrupted by their selfish desires. After gaining the power to warp reality, Billie travels back in time to speak with an 11-year-old Christy, and tracks down her location. She rescues Christy off-screen between the episodes "12 Angry Zen" and "The Last Temptation of Christy".
With the Halliwells' help, Billie attempts to help Christy reintegrate back into everyday life and to gain control over her powers. Billie and the Halliwells are unaware of Christy's collaboration with the Triad. The Triad identifies Billie as the Ultimate Power, which was foreshadowed in earlier episodes as the season's big bad, and refers to Christy as the key to unlocking Billie's power. The Triad arranges for Christy's parents to be killed by a pair of Noxon demons (John Rosenfeld and David S. Lee), believing prolonged contact with them could sway her morality to the side of good. Billie becomes angry by the Halliwell sisters when they decide to interrogate the demons to gather more information about the Ultimate Power rather than killing them to avenge her parents' deaths. Christy uses Billie's feeling of betrayal to turn her against the Charmed Ones. Billie and Christy vanquish the Noxon demons, who were previously believed to be invincible, and the Halliwell sisters realize that Billie is the Ultimate Power.
Christy attempts to convince Billie that the Charmed Ones only use their powers for their own personal gain rather than to support the greater good; however, Billie expresses doubts about whether or not it is really their destiny to stop the Charmed Ones. Billie agrees with Christy's plans to kill the Halliwells after exploring the sisters' dreams and believing their "inner-truths" were driven by selfish desires. After turning the magical community against the Halliwells, Billie and Christy engage in the ultimate battle with the sisters, which destroys the Halliwell Manor and kills Christy, Phoebe, and Paige. Billie uses her projection power to travel back in time to save Christy, and discovers that she knowingly works with the Triad. She questions Christy's morality, and reunites with the Halliwell sisters to help them defeat the Triad. Christy and Dumain steal the cupid Coop's (Victor Webster) ring to travel back in time to warn the Triad about the outcome of the ultimate battle. Billie helps the sisters project back in time to vanquish the Triad and the past and present versions of Dumain. Billie unsuccessfully attempts to convince Christy to come back home with her. Christy refuses and throws a fireball at Billie and the Halliwell sisters; Billie telekinetically deflects it back at her and kills her.
Literature
Christy is also referenced in the comic books and novels based on the Charmed television series. In "Trickery Treat", Paige experiences guilt over her inability to prevent the massacre of the magic community instigated by Christy. Leo is also shown as still coping with Christy's betrayal. He keeps a scorch mark left by Christy on one of the manor's walls as a reminder to Piper that the house is no longer a "danger-free zone", and that she is not invincible. In the Charmed: Season 9 issue "The Heavens Can Wait", Prue Halliwell reveals that Billie and Christy were not destined to be powerful enough to confront the Charmed Ones. She explains that her bond to the Charmed Ones prophecy, extending even after her death, restricted her sisters from reaching their true powers and made them vulnerability to the Triad's plot with Billie and Christy. Christy does not make a physical appearance in either instance.
Reception
Television critics have expressed differing opinions about Christy's story arc with Billie. DVD Talk's Jeffrey Robinson felt that Billie and Christy were the strongest parts of the season, and Sheldon Wiebe of the entertainment website Eclipsemagazine.com regarded the characters as re-establishing a "dark undercurrent" reminiscent of the show's first and second seasons. Shawn S. Lealos of CHUD.com agreed that Billie and Christy's story was the highlight of the season, but asserted that more screen-time should have been given to properly develop Christy's character.
Christy's role as a villain has been widely praised by television commentators, though Patterson's performance was the subject of negative criticism. Spanos placed Christy as number three on its list of 161 of the series' antagonist as rated by scariness. Demain praised Christy as an interesting character following the reveal that she was secretly working for the Triad. Gavin Hetherington, on the other hand, wrote he was indifferent about Christy, and found Billie to be the stronger character of the two. The story arc was criticized by Digital Spy'''s Hugh Armitage, who felt it was weakened by Patterson's "habit of pulling 'evil' faces when no one could see her like a pantomime villain". Jon Langmead of PopMatters'' summarized Patterson's acting as "huff[ing] and puff[ing] through her on-camera time".
Critics have commented that Christy was a sign of the show's declining quality. Christy and Billie were identified as one of the eight things that derailed the series by Armitage, who called them "the gruesome twosome". Hetherington opined that the Jenkins sisters were disappointing villains for the show's final season compared to Gideon (Gildart Jackson) and Zankou (Oded Fehr) from season six and season seven respectively. Langmead regarded the familial relationship as weaker than those already explored by the show.
References
Citations
Book sources
Gallagher, Diana G; Burge, Constance M. "Trickery Treat". Simone Spotlight Entertainment: 2007. .
Gallagher, Diana G; Ruditis, Paul; Ungerfeider, Phyillis. "The Book of Three: Volume 2". Simone Spotlight Entertainment: 2006. .
Riggs, Thomas. "Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television". Gale : 2007. .
American female characters in television
Charmed (TV series) witches
Female supervillains
Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities
Fictional telepaths
Sororicide in fiction
Television characters introduced in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christy%20Jenkins |
"Invisible Touch" is the title track and first single from the 1986 album of the same name by the English rock band Genesis. The song is a group composition which featured lyrics written by drummer and singer Phil Collins.
It was their first and only No. 1 single in the United States; the song additionally spent three consecutive weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart during summer 1986 until it was surpassed by Peter Cetera's "Glory of Love". The song was the first of five consecutive U.S. top five singles from the album of the same name. It also reached No. 4 in Canada and No. 15 in the United Kingdom. Its B-side is the second part of "Domino", titled "The Last Domino".
Collins has called it his "favourite Genesis song" and bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford has called it "a wonderful song: upbeat, fun to play, always a strong moment in any gig." As the band's only Billboard Hot 100 number one, the song is included in Rock Song Index: The 7500 Most Important Songs for the Rock and Roll Era. In 2017, ShortList's Dave Fawbert listed the song as containing "one of the greatest key changes in music history."
History
"Invisible Touch" came about during a jam session, Rutherford playing a guitar riff while Collins improvised the line "She seems to have an invisible touch." Collins has said he heard the influence of Prince and Sheila E. in the drum machine and his lyrics were inspired by a few people he had known who had got under his skin. Despite liking the song himself, and despite the band's previous success, he has claimed he wasn't certain the song would be a hit. Collins said that "large chunks" of the lyrics are about his first wife Andrea Bertorelli, to whom he was married from 1975 to 1980.
Cash Box called the song a "hook-laden pop workout." Billboard called it "uptempo dance-pop with a clear Collins signature." In mid-1986, "Invisible Touch" was succeeded in the No. 1 position on the Billboard Hot 100 by "Sledgehammer", performed by the former lead singer of Genesis, Peter Gabriel. Collins later jested about the occurrence in a 2014 interview, stating, "I read recently that Peter Gabriel knocked us off the No. 1 spot with 'Sledgehammer'. We weren't aware of that at the time. If we had been, we'd probably have sent him a telegram saying: 'Congratulations – bastard.'" The single also reached No. 1 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks chart..
Live versions
A live version of "Invisible Touch" appears on the albums The Way We Walk, Volume One: The Shorts, and Live over Europe 2007, as well as on the DVDs Genesis Live at Wembley Stadium, The Way We Walk – Live in Concert and When in Rome 2007.
"Invisible Touch" was performed during the Invisible Touch, We Can't Dance, Calling All Stations (with Ray Wilson on vocals), Turn It On Again and The Last Domino? tours. During the Turn It On Again tour, the song was the main set finale featuring fireworks going off as the song ended. It was also the set closer on The Last Domino? Tour, but there weren't any fireworks. Collins has also performed the song on his solo tours since its release, including The First Final Farewell and Not Dead Yet tours.
Genesis also performed the song at Wembley Stadium for Live Earth. Collins's use of the word "fuck" in the song (which he had done since 1992) in front of millions of television viewers at 2pm resulted in an apology from British presenter Jonathan Ross, who vowed to give Collins a "talking to". Collins was one of several performers at the event whose offensive language caused the BBC to be censured by the media regulator Ofcom.
The song has never been performed in its original key in concert. On the Invisible Touch and We Can't Dance tours, the song was tuned down a half-step to prevent strain on Collins' voice. On the Calling All Stations tour, it was tuned down further to fit then-lead vocalist Ray Wilson's naturally deeper voice. Starting with the Turn It On Again tour, the song was gradually tuned down further with each succeeding tour to accommodate Collins' aging voice, including the Not Dead Yet and The Last Domino? tours.
Music video
Genesis reunited with director Jim Yukich to make the "Invisible Touch" music video in 1986. Yukich had previously worked with Genesis on the "That's All" music video in 1983. The scene begins in a large auditorium with Collins, Rutherford and Banks goofing around with 8MM cameras; the video progresses to show the entire set with Collins using his own drumsticks for a microphone and the band fooling around with Yukich and the crew.
Personnel
Phil Collins – vocals, Oberheim DMX, Simmons SDS 8
Tony Banks – keyboards
Mike Rutherford – electric guitar, bass guitar
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Live single
In 1992, "Invisible Touch" was recorded live during Genesis's 1991–1992 We Can't Dance world tour and released on limited edition 7-inch and CD near the end of the tour. Both formats were numbered and came with a booklet; the CD was housed in a box and the vinyl edition in a gatefold sleeve.
The A-side is the same version found on the accompanying live album The Way We Walk, Volume One: The Shorts. The B-sides "Abacab" and "The Brazilian" were recorded during the 1987 Invisible Touch tour.
The 7-inch features an edited version of "Abacab," while the CD included complete versions of both songs.
Like the albums The Shorts and The Way We Walk, Volume Two: The Longs, and the home video The Way We Walk – Live in Concert, the title of the record was prefixed by "Genesis Live", with "(Live)" appearing as a suffix on the back sleeve and on the disc itself.
Unlike the original recording of the song, this live version was a top 10 hit in the UK, reaching number seven. In one of the interview sections on the Way We Walk – Live in Concert DVD, Collins jokes about re-releasing the song until it finally becomes a hit. It became their final single to reach the UK top 10.
Personnel
Phil Collins – vocals
Tony Banks – synthesizers
Mike Rutherford – electric guitar
Daryl Stuermer – bass
Chester Thompson – drums
References
Sources
External links
Genesis (band) songs
1986 singles
1986 songs
1992 singles
Atlantic Records singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Charisma Records singles
Dance-rock songs
Song recordings produced by Hugh Padgham
Songs written by Phil Collins
Songs written by Mike Rutherford
Songs written by Tony Banks (musician)
Vertigo Records singles
Virgin Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible%20Touch%20%28song%29 |
Robin Casady (died October 5, 2020) was the founder of Casady & Greene, a Macintosh software publisher and developer, in 1984 to publish fonts for the Macintosh 128K, the original Macintosh. After the closure of Casady & Greene, Casady worked with Mike Wright on updating and publishing the iData freeform database. Robin Casady was also involved in design and mfg. of high-end amateur astronomy gear, and pursuing a lifelong hobby in fine arts photography. His personal web page is RobinCasady.com.
References
External links
Robin Casady website
Robin Casady - Casady & Greene closing statement
2020 deaths
Year of birth missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Casady |
The Dartmoor Beast is an annual charitable fundraising challenge run in aid of the charity Cancer Climber Association (CCA) UK. The challenge takes the form of a daytime navigation exercise held in the Dartmoor National Park in the county of Devon, England. The challenge is usually held on a Saturday in late August or early September. The Dartmoor Beast takes its name from the various big cat sightings that have been a recurring feature of local folklore in the Dartmoor, Exmoor and Bodmin Moor areas for many years and from the Royal Marine Commando speed march held during the final stages of qualification for the coveted Commando green beret.
Teams
Teams of between 4 and 8 participants hike or 'yomp' either a 20 km or 30 km route across Dartmoor carrying a pack of either 10 kg or 15 kg respectively. No prescribed route is laid down for teams entering the challenge, but various checkpoints must be visited at places around the moor. Teams are left to plot and navigate their own route between checkpoints, making use of map, compass, map reading skills and global positioning systems. Whilst the challenge is not a competition, a climate of friendly and sportsman like rivalry contributes to the sense of achievement for all teams participating in this race against the clock.
Loading
Each individual participating in the challenge is required to carry a backpack of equipment aimed at ensuring safety whilst on the moor. Adequate clothing, food and water must be carried by each team member, in addition to maps, first aid kit, torch and other important items. The weight of each team member's backpack is checked at the start, finish and various points along the route, and time penalties are levied for every kg under the prescribed weight that each team member is found to be carrying. In practice this means that the 10 kg or 15 kg must not include the weight of food and water that will be consumed en route. Participants that are found to be carrying less than the required weight find their load increased by one or more of the many rocks that litter Dartmoor.
Navigation
The Dartmoor National Park is notorious for being a difficult environment in which to navigate, especially if visibility is poor. The moor often experiences extensive hill fog, or 'clag' as it is locally known, which combined with the absence of many linear features (such as walls, paths, fences, forest edges) provides a challenging test for even the most confident navigator.
Staffing
In previous years the challenge has been staffed by volunteers from the Royal Marines Reserve (RMR) Bristol and representatives of the CCA. The checkpoints provide an opportunity for RMR staff to assess the fitness, progress and morale of each team, ensuring their safety throughout the competition.
Rewards of participation
Each team member who completes the challenge receives a completion certificate and prizes are awarded for the fastest team on the 20 km and 30 km routes and various other notable achievements. The event culminates in a barbecue hosted by the RMR and CCA at the Fox and Hounds Public House, in Bridstowe, Devon - which acts as the start/finish and command post for the event.
See also
Dartmoor Yomp
External links
Dartmoor Beast Website (archive 2006)
Cancer Climber Association
Dartmoor
Health-related fundraisers
Charity events in the United Kingdom
Annual events in England
Events in Devon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmoor%20Beast |
The following is a list of notable people associated with Toronto Metropolitan University.
Alumni and faculty
A
Raymond Ablack - actor, Degrassi: The Next Generation
Brad Abraham - screenwriter, RoboCop: Prime Directives
Nasra Agil - civil engineer and entrepreneur
Omar Alghabra - politician
David Anaglate - Ghanaian Journalist, formerly head of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC)
Emily Andras - showrunner, Wynonna Earp
Tom Anselmi - sports executive, former president and COO of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (MLSE)
Barry Avrich - film director, film producer, playwright, author
B
Stefan Babcock - musician, lead singer and guitarist of the punk band PUP
Lida Baday - fashion designer
Brian Bailey - mentor to designers on Project Runway Canada
Liane Balaban - star of the film New Waterford Girl
Glen Baxter - journalist, FashionTelevisionChannel, formerly with Citytv
Marjorie Beaucage - Métis filmmaker
Christian Becker
Ralph Benmergui - radio and television personality, host of Friday Night! with Ralph Benmergui and Benmergui Live on CBC-TV
Christie Blatchford - columnist for The Globe and Mail
Susan Bonner - CBC radio and television journalist, anchor of The World at Six
Kristin Booth - actress
Rick Brace - president of CTV
Kevin Brauch - host of The Thirsty Traveler
Tyler Brûlé - journalist, founder of Wallpaper* and Monocle (Did not graduate)
Dianne Buckner - television journalist
Alex Bulmer - playwright and theatre artist
Edward Burtynsky - landscape photographer
C
Jamie Campbell - Sportsnet broadcaster
Gary Carr - politician, Chair of Halton Region, former Ontario PC Party MPP and Liberal Party MP
Eugene Chan - Professor in marketing
Paul Chato - comedian and member of The Frantics comedy troupe
Walter Chin - commercial photographer
Milan Chvostek - TV director and producer
Chad Connell - actor
Brandon Cronenberg - film director and son of David Cronenberg
Cathy Crowe - "street nurse" and social activist
D
Steve Dangle - Born Steve Glynn, CEO of SDPN, YouTube Creator for Rogers Sportsnet, sports analyst, author
Dave Devall - former CFTO-TV weather personality
Nina Dobrev - actress, star of The CW show The Vampire Diaries and Degrassi: The Next Generation
Yuri Dojc - commercial photographer
Joan Donaldson - journalist, formerly of CBC, and CTV, founding head of CBC Newsworld
Nicole Dorsey - director and screenwriter
Raina Douris - radio personality
Francis D'Souza - journalist, Citytv
Michelle Duff - as Mike Duff, raced in World Championship motorcycle events
E
David James Elliott - star of JAG
F
Natasha Fatah - journalist and producer, CBC Radio One
Gemma Files - horror writer
Sunny Fong - fashion designer
Kyle Forgeard - YouTuber and co-founder of NELK
Matthew Fraser - editor-in-chief of National Post
J.M. Frey, science fiction and fantasy writer
Michael Friscolanti - senior writer for Maclean's magazine, and author
Gayleen Froese - horror/mystery author
Liza Fromer - former co-host of Breakfast Television on Citytv
G
Tony Gagliano - president of St. Joseph Communications; chairman of the Art Gallery of Ontario; winner of Canadian of the Year 2008
Martine Gaillard - sports anchor on Rogers Sportsnet, formerly with The Score
Sue Gardner - executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation
Martin Gero - writer and producer, Stargate Atlantis
Shelley Gillen - producer, screenwriter and songwriter
Natalie Glebova - Miss Universe 2005
Paul Godfrey - Canadian politician and businessman (honorary)
Olivia Grange - Minister of Youth, Sports and Culture in Jamaica, Member of Jamaican Parliament
Simina Grigoriu (born 1981), Romanian born Canadian-German electronic musician
H
Kimberly Halkett - Al Jazeera's White House correspondent
Alicia K. Harris - director and screenwriter
Bill Haugland - Canadian journalist and former news anchor for CFCF-TV in Montreal
Hayden - folk singer-songwriter
Michael Healey - playwright
Helen Anne Henderson - journalist and disability rights advocate
Jessica Holmes - comedian-actress on Royal Canadian Air Farce
Zoe Leigh Hopkins - filmmaker, actor; her 2004film Prayer for a Good Day premiered at Sundance Film Festival
Kenneth Joel Hotz - filmmaker, actor, journalist, photographer, writer; Kenny vs. Spenny and South Park
Tanya Huff - fantasy author
Ross Hull - star of the TV series Student Bodies
Paul Hunter - television journalism, CBC News
J
Sabrina Jalees - comedian
Maureen Jennings, novelist
Jason Jones - The Daily Show correspondent
Jim Jones - city councillor, former Member of the Canadian Parliament
K
Kate Kelton - actress
Michael Kennedy - film and television director, Little Mosque on the Prairie
Gail Kim - professional wrestler
Tanya Kim - entertainment news journalist, TV host
Nil Köksal - journalist, CBC Television
Julia Kwan - Canadian screenwriter and director
L
Jeremy Laing - fashion designer, won a scholarship to Toronto Metropolitan and now shows at New York Fashion Week
Michael Landsberg - Host of TSN's Off The Record
Hawick Lau - actor
Jack Layton - former Toronto Metropolitan politics professor; former leader of the NDP
Gregory Levey - professor, entrepreneur, author
Dan Levy - actor, director Schitt's Creek
Todd Lynn - fashion designer
M
Marcia MacMillan - anchor, CTV News Channel
Sam Maggs - author, entertainment journalist, and comic book and video game writer
Heather Mallick - columnist and author, formerly with The Globe and Mail
Mena Massoud - actor cast to play Aladdin in Disney's live-action remake of Aladdin.
Steve McAllister - sports editor for Yahoo! Canada, formerly with The Globe and Mail
Stuart McLean - Canadian radio broadcaster, humorist, monologist, and author
Eric McCormack - Emmy Award winner, star of Will & Grace
Bruce McDonald - feature film and television director, Hard Core Logo, Pontypool and The Tracey Fragments
Haley McGee - actress and playwright
Debra McGrath - actress and comedian
Denis McGrath - screenwriter (Across the River to Motor City, Skyland, Charlie Jade)
Bob McKenzie - sports broadcaster on TSN, formerly of The Hockey News and The Toronto Star
Carol Anne Meehan - anchor of CTV Ottawa
Suhana Meharchand - television host and journalist, CBC
Wendy Mesley - television anchor and host, CBC
Ari Millen - actor (Orphan Black)
Pat Mills - director and screenwriter
Shay Mitchell - actress Pretty Little Liars
Michelle Mohabeer - filmmaker, film professor
Andrew Moir - filmmaker
Christopher Moloney - writer and photographer
Scott Moore - sports television executive at CTV/Rogers Sportsnet, CBC Sports, and Hockey Night in Canada
Erdem Moralıoğlu - fashion designer
Ted Moses - politician
Joseph Motiki - television personality, former co-host of the TVOKids Crawlspace
Jasmin Mozaffari - film director and screenwriter
N
Zarqa Nawaz - creator of Little Mosque on the Prairie
O
Candice Olson - host of Divine Design
Jay Onrait - TSN SportsCentre host
Terry O'Reilly - host of Under the Influence on CBC Radio One
P
Dominic Panganiban - Filipino-Canadian YouTuber and animator known for his YouTube channel "Domics"
Tony Parsons - broadcaster, formerly of CTV and CHUM, former host of Canada Tonight on Global
John Paskievich - Genie Award-winning filmmaker
Keith Pelley - sports media executive
Marian Penner Bancroft - artist and photographer
Louise Penny - mystery novelist
David J. Phillips - actor and producer
Jeremy Podeswa - film and television director
Valerie Pringle - broadcaster, former co-host of Canada AM
R
Monita Rajpal - news anchor for CNN International
Mario Racco - Councillor in the City of Vaughan and former Ontario MPP for Thornhill
Keerthi Reddy - Indian Bollywood and Tollywood actress
Bill Reid - Haida artist and wood carver
Cabbie Richards - TSN personality
Robert D. Richards - space entrepreneur, co-founder of the International Space University (ISU)
Paul Romanuk - sportscaster
Rob Rusnov - Olympic competitor for Canada in archery
Lauren Riihimaki - YouTube Celebrity
Katherine Ryan - Comedian, writer, presenter and actress based in the United Kingdom
S
Robert J. Sawyer - Hugo Award-winning science-fiction writer
Kenn Scott - WGC award-winning screenwriter
Doug Sellars - sports television executive for CBC Sports and Fox Sports
Isadore Sharp - founder of the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
Mike Sheerin - Gemini nominated documentary director (Secret Mulroney Tapes)
Hannah Simone - MuchMusic VJ; actor on New Girl
Alison Smith - journalist, CBC Newsworld
Graeme Smith - Moscow bureau chief for The Globe and Mail
Cliff Solway - producer and director, CBC Television
Jaime Stein - Canadian sports broadcaster and digital media specialist
Brian Stewart - Senior Correspondent, The National, CBC News
Tyler Stewart - musician, drummer for the Barenaked Ladies
Patty Sullivan - children's television host, Kids' CBC
Chris Stiliadis - Commercial music producer & rapper
T
Betty Thompson - news presenter at CKCO in Kitchener, Ontario
V
Nia Vardalos - writer and actress, Academy Award-nominated writer and star of My Big Fat Greek Wedding
Adam Vaughan - Member of the Canadian Parliament; former city councillor for Ward 20 Trinity—Spadina; journalist, formerly of Citytv and CKLN-FM
Adnan Virk - sports anchor for ESPN
W
Wendy Walsh - clinical psychotherapist, Ph.D.
Isobel Warren - journalist
Torri Webster - actress, star of TV series Life with Boys
Tonya Lee Williams - actress, notably of The Young and the Restless
Jeff Wincott - actor of TV series Night Heat and Sons Of Anarchy
Klaus Woerner - founder and former CEO of ATS Automation Tooling Systems Inc.; 1997 Canadian Entrepreneur of the Year
Ellen Wong - actress
Jacqueline MacInnes Wood - actress, star of CBS show The Bold and the Beautiful
Y
Elizabeth Yake - filmmaker
Donna E. Young Dean of School of Law
Marcia Young - broadcast journalist, host of The World This Hour on CBC Radio
Chancellors
Honourable David Crombie 1994 – 1999
John Craig Eaton - 1999 – 2006
G. Raymond Chang 2006 – 2012
Lawrence Bloomberg 2012 – 2018
Janice Fukakusa 2018 – present
Principal
Howard Hillen Kerr 1948 –1966
Presidents
Frederick Jorgenson 1966 –1969
Anthony Wilkinson 1969 –1970
Donald Mordell 1970 –1974
George Korey 1974 –1975
Walter Pitman 1975 –1980
Brian Segal 1980 –1988
Terrence Wyly Grier 1988 –1990
Dennis Mock (acting Aug –Jan) 1990 –1991
Terrence Wyly Grier 1991 –1995
Claude Lajeunesse 1995 –2005
Sheldon Levy 2005 –2015
Mohamed Lachemi 2015 –Present
Faculty
In November 2005, Professor Arne Kislenko won TVOntario's first Best Lecturer Series. In 2006, Toronto Metropolitan University had two professors in the semi-finals for TVO's second Best Lecturer Competition. Philosophy professor Dr. James Cunningham, and radio and television arts professor Dana Lee were semi-finalists. In 2006, Greg Inwood, professor in the department of Politics and Public Administration, was awarded the prestigious Donald Smiley Prize for his book Continentalizing Canada: The Politics and Legacy of the Macdonald Royal Commission. Criminal justice history and international relations professor Peter Vronsky published Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters (2004), a bestselling history of serial homicide, and more recently a controversial history of Canada's first modern battle, Ridgeway: The American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada (2011).
References
Toronto Metropolitan University
Toronto Metropolitan University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Toronto%20Metropolitan%20University%20people |
Kreuztal is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Location
Kreuztal is a town in the low mountains of the northern Siegerland and lies at the western edge of the Rothaargebirge about 10 km north of Siegen.
Across the municipal area from the east flows the Ferndorfbach, swinging to the south in the inner town and leaving the municipal area through the constituent community of Buschhütten.
In the northern municipal area rises the Littfe, which then runs through the constituent communities of Burgholdinghausen, Littfeld, Krombach, Eichen and Fellinghausen before emptying into the Ferndorfbach in the inner town. Further tributary brooks to the Littfe are the Langebach, the Heimkäuser Bach, the Breitenbach, the Krombach, the Stendenbach and the Bockenbach.
In the town's west end rises the Heesbach, which then runs through the constituent communities of Oberhees, Mittelhees, Junkernhees and Fellinghausen, emptying into the Littfe at the footbridge. One tributary to the Hees is the Ostheldener Bach, which feeds the Robertsweier (pond). The Berghäuser Bach, which flows through the Berghäuser Weier (another pond), empties into the Ostheldener Bach downstream from the Robertsweier.
Geology
The municipal area is part of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, or Rhenish Slate Mountains. The southernmost constituent community of Buschhütten gives way to the Sieg gorge to the south. While the bedrock contains many layers of iron-bearing rock, the surface is formed of weathered clayey-sandy earth.
Municipal area's extent
The municipal area covers 70.96 km². This breaks down as:
60.02% wooded
16.41% agricultural
14.49% buildings and yards
7.09% transport
2.26% other
The town's highest point is the Hoher Wald at 655 m above mean sea level, and its lowest point is to be found in Buschhütten where the Ferndorfbach leaves the municipal area at a height of 260 m above sea level. The municipal area's north-south extent is 12 km, and its east-west extent is 11 km.
Neighbouring communities
The town, lying in the northwestern part of the district, borders in the south on Siegen, in the west on Freudenberg and Wenden, in the north on Kirchhundem and Olpe and in the east on Hilchenbach and Netphen. The town is shaped by the valleys of the Ferndorfbach, Littfe and Hees, which together form a cross-shaped valley.
The town's highest elevation is the mountain Hoher Wald at 655 m above sea level. The peak is however not open to the public, as it belongs to the Bundeswehr. Other mountains are the Hölzenberg 626 m above sea level, Kindelsberg 617.9 m above sea level (the town's landmark), the Martinshardt 616.1 m above sea level, the Ziegenberg 521 m above sea level, the Wilder Stein 478.9 m above sea level, die Rodenull 436 m above sea level, the Köpfchen 407.4 m above sea level, the Pfaffenberg 398.7 m above sea level, the Buberg, the Pühlsberg, the Krähenberg, the Altenhahn, the Löherhauberg, the Höhberg, the Rohberg, the Wolfshagen, the Mühlberg, the Mühlenkopf, the Kilgeshahn, the Siegerberg, the Kohlenberg, the Hohler Stein, the Dudeltätsch and the Heidlofsberg.
Constituent communities
The town is made up of the centres of Burgholdinghausen, Krombach and Eichen in the north, Kreuztal in the middle, Osthelden, Oberhees, Mittelhees, Junkernhees and Fellinghausen in the west, and Ferndorf, Kredenbach, Langenau and Buschhütten in the south.
History
The town of Kreuztal as it stands now is the child of the municipal reform of 1 January 1969. It came into being through the voluntary merger of the communities of Burgholdinghausen, Buschhütten, Eichen, Fellinghausen, Ferndorf, Kredenbach, Kreuztal, Krombach, Littfeld, Mittelhees, Oberhees and Osthelden.
The first documentary mentions go back to 1067, among which are found a place called "Berentraph", the later constituent community of Ferndorf, one of the earliest named places in the Siegerland. Until the town was founded, Ferndorf was the old Amt's namesake.
The constituent community of Ernsdorf was first mentioned in a document as "Erinstorff" in 1417-1419. During the time of the Confederation of the Rhine, Ernsdorf was the local mayor's seat.
The name that the town now bears first cropped up in 1826 in the baptismal register of the community of Ferndorf.
Development in the town was sparked by the railway. In 1861, the Ruhr-Sieg line opened, leading Kreuztal to become a railway hub by 1880. Up to 1888, a spur to Erndtebrück, Bad Laasphe and Marburg was built. Also in the plans was a line to Olpe and Meinerzhagen, but this was only partly finished, as far as Krummenerl.
Religion
(as of 30 December 2003)
59.43% Protestant
17.99% Catholic
22.58% other
Politics
Town council
The town council's 38 seats are apportioned thus, in accordance with municipal elections held on 26 September 2004:
Note: FW and BGK are citizens' coalitions.
Coat of arms
Kreuztal's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: Party per fess, above, in Or a horn azure, below, in azure a saltire Or.
The horn charge is Ferndorf's old arms, and is also the emblem of the princely house of Nassau-Orange, and thereby also a reference to the town's past. The saltire is a reference to the local geography, as the valleys form a cross shape, and it is a canting symbol, too, since "Kreuztal" literally means "Crossdale" in German (that name does, of course, refer to the geography). Gold and blue are Nassau's colours.
Culture and sightseeing
Theatre
At the Stadthalle, lying in the school centre, there are regular theatrical productions.
Museums
In Ferndorf is the local history museum (Heimatmuseum). On show here in about 200 m² are finds from prehistory and early history, as well as handicrafts and exhibits about home décor in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Buildings
Kindelsbergturm
On the Kindelsberg, the town's second highest peak at 618 m, stands the 22 m-high Kindelsbergturm (tower). It was built in 1907 by the Sauerländischer Gebirgsverein (Sauerland Mountain Club, or SGV) and has had further remodelling in the course of its history. From the top is a view over the municipal area, and in good weather, the viewer can even see into the Siebengebirge near Bonn.
Schloss Junkernhees
The stately home of Junkernhees was originally built in 1523 by a Sir Adam (der Ritter Adam) with a moat around it. In 1698, it was expanded by being given a half-timbered gable. Two outbuildings, the former brandy distillery and the old mill from 1796, are also preserved.
Ferndorf Protestant Church
This was built in the first half of the 13th century as Saint Lawrence's. It consists of a late Romanesque hall church with a western tower and a three-halled nave with a tower built before it.
Krombach Protestant Reformed Church
Built in 1250, the main choir is one hall, and the nave two and a half. The pulpit was made in 1764 and the altar table in 1781. The tower that stands today was built in 1706, after the earlier tower was destroyed by a lightning strike.
Dreslers Park
These buildings, built between 1860 and 1880, nowadays house the citizen and culture centre with the town archive. The park was named after the manufacturing family Dresler, who once owned the park. In the park are found the "yellow villa", the "white villa", the wagon shed, the coachhouse (today a restaurant and inn called the Kutscherhaus – the same in German), the music pavilion and the garden house. The wagon shed houses a daycare centre.
Altenberg
At the Altenberg between the constituent community of Littfeld and Hilchenbach-Müsen are found the remains of a settlement from the 13th century. A hiking trail leads through this former mining settlement. Archaeological finds are on display at the mining museum in Hilchenbach-Müsen.
"Ewiger Fuhrmann" wind generator
The "Ewiger Fuhrmann" – Everlasting Wagoner – is at 150 m one of the world's tallest wind generators, and indeed was the tallest when it was built. The rotor is about 66 m wide. The tower itself is a steel lattice and weighs roughly 145 t. The power house alone weighs 63 t all together. Yearly, it generates about 3 gWh.
Kaiser Wilhelm Gallery
In the heart of the town is the former entry area to the Kaiser Wilhelm Gallery (an underground gallery) with its Stollenhaus ("Gallery House"), which now houses the town administration's office for schools, kindergartens and sport.
Gasthof Hambloch
The Hamblock Inn lies in the constituent community of Krombach and can look back on 500 years of tradition. Even today, the hitching posts bear witness to the long-distance trade of yore from Frankfurt to Soest and from Wipperfürth to the Netherlands.
Sport
Kreuztal distinguishes itself with its particularly well developed sporting club life. Almost every kind of sport is offered by the many clubs:
Regular sporting events
The TV Germania Buschhütten 1885 holds its triathlon on the second Sunday in May, an event regarded as one of Germany's most important triathlons.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The municipal area is crossed from north to south by Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 54. Towards the south, running parallel to this road is also the B 54n, known as the Hüttentalstraße (HTS) and built as a Stadtautobahn (an Autobahn running through a built-up area). It connects the town with Autobahn A 45 to the south. Sometime in 2006, the B 54n is to be extended to Krombach in the north of the municipal area, where it will one day connect to the A 4, which is likewise under construction.
Eastwards run Federal Highways B 508 towards Hilchenbach and B 517 towards Kirchhundem and Lennestadt.
Parallel to the highways run the railways. From north to south runs the Ruhr-Sieg line, and east-west runs the Rothaar Railway through the Wittgensteiner Land towards Marburg. Within the municipal area are six railway stations or halts (as of 2003). The central station lies in Kreuztal (main town). Halts are to be found in Littfeld, Eichen, Ferndorf and Kredenbach. Although it serves Dahlbruch, a constituent community of Hilchenbach, this station is nonetheless within Kreuztal's municipal area. Kreuztal also has South Westphalia's only marshalling yard, and connected thereto is the region's only railway container terminal. This is found in Langenau, and beyond its national functions, it also serves regional goods transport in the Sauerland and Siegerland. To and from the Kreuztal Marshalling Yard, trains run, by way of the national marshalling yard in Hagen-Vorhalle, to all destinations that can be reached by rail.
The town is connected by many regional buslines with surrounding towns. Since 1998, South Westphalia's first private bus service (Bürgerbus) has been running. On regional trains and buses, the tariff is that used by the South Westphalia Transport Community (Verkehrsgemeinschaft Westfalen-Süd).
Kreuztal can also be reached through the Siegerland Airport in the south of the district.
Established businesses
Education
At Dreslers Park is the Kreuztal-Hilchenbach Music School, which is run by, among others, the town's cultural office.
At the Kreuztal School Centre are the Städtisches Gymnasium (previous named Friedrich Flick Gymnasium), the Ernst Moritz Arndt-Realschule and the Clara Schumann comprehensive school.
Twin towns – sister cities
Kreuztal is twinned with:
Ferndorf, Austria
Nauen, Germany
Notable people
Friedrich Flick (1883–1972), industrialist and convicted war criminal
Adolph Wurmbach (1891–1968), writer
Josef Hufnagel (1900–1982), politician, Member of the Bundestag
Boris Hoppek (born 1970), contemporary artist based in Barcelona
Honorary citizens
Arnold Buch
Friedrich Flick
Friedrich Schadeberg
Gustav Schweisfurth
Heinrich Georg
References
External links
Official website
Clara Schumann comprehensive school
Friedrich-Flick-Gymnasium Kreuztal
BürgerBus Kreuztal (private buses)
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuztal |
The Taiwan Chi Yuan Culture Foundation (), also known as the Taiwan Chi Yuan or Taiwan Go Association, is a professional Go association in Taiwan. The Taiwan Qiyuan was created on March 4, 2000 with initial funding provided by Mr. Weng Ming Xian () who also served as the first chairman of the association. The chairman is Chen Guoxing. It ranks professionals and runs professional qualification exams for players in Taiwan.
See also
International Go Federation
List of professional Go tournaments
Nihon Ki-in
Kansai Ki-in
Hanguk Kiwon
Zhongguo Qiyuan
Hoensha
External links
Official website of Taiwan Chi Yuan
Go organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan%20Chi%20Yuan%20Culture%20Foundation |
A circuit, in the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS), is a local grouping of congregations within one of the synod's 35 districts. Circuits typically include 8 to 12 congregations. In order to send a pair of delegates to the triennial synodical convention, a circuit must have between seven and twenty congregations with a combined total of between 1,500 and 10,000 confirmed members; however, synod by-laws allow the president of the Synod to make exceptions upon the request of a district's board of directors. In some situations where a circuit includes numerous small congregations spread over a large area, the circuit may be subdivided for visitation purposes but still count as a single circuit for voting purposes.
A circuit visitor is a pastor who helps to oversee the other pastors within a circuit. The position is best understood as a peer advisor, as the LCMS has traditionally been congregational, as opposed to hierarchical, in its extra-congregational structure. Nevertheless, there is a district president (sometimes called a bishop) over the circuit visitors who is ultimately responsible for the pastors and congregations (generally numbering 100–300) in his district. The visitors were previously called circuit counselors, but the 2013 LCMS convention adopted, and the congregations subsequently ratified, an amendment to its constitution changing their title back to what it had originally been.
See also
Circuit preacher
References
Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod
Types of Christian organization | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20%28LCMS%29 |
L was recorded at several shows from moe.'s Fall 1999 tour, Former drummer Jim Loughlin returned to the band earlier in the year as a multi-instrumental utility man, adding to the drum work of Vinnie Amico.
This set features the first released versions of "Can't Seem To Find" and "Captain America", predating their release on Dither by eight months.
The album reached a peak position of #29 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart.
Jammy Award winner (2000) for best live archival release.
Track listing
Disc one (67:25)
Spine of a Dog (Derhak, Garvey, moe.) – 12:54 →
Nov. 19, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA
Buster (Derhak, moe.) – 10:31
Nov. 19, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA
Can't Seem to Find (Schnier) – 5:36
Nov. 17, 1999 @ The Joint, Las Vegas, NV
Seat of My Pants (Schnier) – 11:29
Nov. 26, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA
Yodelittle (Schnier, moe.) – 15:25
Nov. 12, 1999 @ Boulder Theater, Boulder, CO
Plane Crash (Derhak, moe.) – 11:32
Oct. 9, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC
Disc two (73:52)
Akimbo (Garvey, moe.) – 8:24
Nov. 27, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA
Captain America (Derhak) – 4:36
Nov. 20, 1999 @ House of Blues, West Hollywood, CA
Meat (Schnier, moe.) – 8:03
Nov. 27, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA
St. Augustine (Derhak, moe.) – 10:39
Nov. 26, 1999 @ The Fillmore, San Francisco, CA
Timmy Tucker (Derhak, moe.) – 23:25 →
Oct. 8, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC
Recreational Chemistry (Schnier, moe.) – 18:47
Oct. 8, 1999 @ 9:30 Club, Washington, DC
Personnel
moe.
Vinnie Amico - percussion, drums, producer
Rob Derhak - bass, songwriter, vocals, producer
Chuck Garvey - guitars (acoustic, electric), songwriter, vocals, producer
Jim Loughlin - guitar (acoustic), flute, percussion, songwriter, drums, producer
Al Schnier - guitars (acoustic, electric), mandolin, songwriter, vocals, producer
Debbie Amico - photography
Chris Burrows - production coordination
Bil Emmons - engineer
Fred Kevorkian - mastering
John Siket - producer, mixing
References
External links
moe.'s webpage
[ All Music link]
Jammy Award winners
Moe (band) live albums
2000 live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%20%28Moe%20album%29 |
Philip Campbell Wehle (September 5, 1906 – September 20, 1978) was a major general in the U.S. Army and the commanding general of the Military District of Washington (MDW) (CG MDW) from 1963 to 1965.
Biography
Wehle was born in Westport, Connecticut, the son of John William Wehle, Sr. and Catherine Veronica Campbell Wehle. His older brother, John William Wehle, Jr. rose to Brigadier General in the Marines Corps. The boys were raised in Norwalk.
He graduated from Norwalk High School in 1924 then attended West Point, graduating in the Class of 1930 in June.
During World War II, Wehle served a tour of duty in the Pacific Theater of Operations, where he was attached to the first Joint Army-Navy Task Force.
After his return to the United States, Wehle was transferred to Camp Hale, Colorado, where he was appointed commanding officer of an artillery battalion. He was subsequently assigned to the staff of the XVIII Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, as an assistant artillery officer.
He next participated in the Battle of the Bulge, Rhineland Campaign and the Central European Campaign. For his service in this capacity, Colonel Wehle was decorated with the Legion of Merit.
After the Second World War, he served with the Allied Occupation Forces in Heidelberg, Germany, and subsequently in the Plans Section until 1949.
He was later appointed the Secretary of the General Staff, Army Field Forces Headquarters at Fort Monroe, Virginia. In 1950, Wehle was transferred back to Europe, to serve as chief of the personnel branch of United States Army, Europe.
Returning to the United States, Wehle graduated from the Army War College in 1953.
In August 1963, Wehle was appointed the commanding general of the Military District of Washington. As CG MDW, he helped plan three state funerals, all of which happened within a span of 12 months:
Presidents:
John F. Kennedy (November 1963)
Herbert Hoover (October 1964)
Five-star general:
Douglas MacArthur (April 1964)
All three state funerals General Wehle helped plan had one thing in common: the riderless horse was Black Jack. Black Jack would be the riderless horse in one more state funeral: that of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973.
For his service as the Commanding General of the Military District of Washington, Major General Wehle was decorated with the Army Distinguished Service Medal.
He subsequently retired from the Army on September 19, 1965.
Following his retirement, Wehle worked on the staff of the Research and Analysis Corporation in McLean, Virginia. He later taught English language and History at the Heights School in Washington, D.C.
Major General Philip C. Wehle died on September 20, 1978, at Walter Reed Army Hospital, following complications from lung cancer.
He was interred together with his wife Eloise McElroy Wehle (1911-1977) in Arlington National Cemetery.
Decorations
Here is the ribbon bar of Major General Wehle:
Notes
1906 births
1978 deaths
People from Westport, Connecticut
People from Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk High School (Connecticut) alumni
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from Connecticut
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army War College alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Deaths from lung cancer
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20C.%20Wehle |
Netphen () is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the river Sieg, roughly 7 km northeast of Siegen.
Geography
Location
Netphen lies on the Rothaargebirge's southern slope and forms the natural boundary of the Wittgensteiner Land. The municipal area is made up of many dales and mountain ridges. Northeast of the constituent community of Walpersdorf lies the source of the river Sieg and in the Lahnhof – another constituent community whose name takes the definite article – lies the source of the river Lahn.
Population development
(in each case at 31 December)
1998 – 25,027
1999 – 25,048
2000 – 25,034
2001 – 25,038
2002 – 25,078
2003 – 25,117
2004 – 24,855
Constituent communities
Afholderbach
This constituent community of Netphen has a population of around 205 as of the 31 of December 2013.
The area is around 5.9 km²
The first mention of the area was on the 13 of February 1345 as "afelterbach".
Beienbach
The constituent community of Beienbach lies at the end of a small side dale of the Sieg between Netphen and Deuz and is fringed by spruce and broadleaf forest on the heights and by agricultural areas as well as old "fruit meadows" (where various fruit trees grow) right at the edge of the community. It is also crossed by the Katzenbach. It had its first documentary mention in 1299.
Brauersdorf
Brauersdorf lies near the Netphen Leisure Park (Netphener Freizeitpark) with its swimming pool, ice skating rink, fitness and sport centre, miniature golf course, and so on. Furthermore, the community lies right at the Obernau Dam.
Deuz
Owing to its advantageous location, Deuz became the first industrial community in the old Amt of Netphen. Moving the Irle iron foundry from Kaan-Marienborn to Deuz is viewed as an economic birth. Over the years, further businesses have set up shop in Deuz.
Dreis-Tiefenbach
Dreis-Tiefenbach is, with its population of about 5300, Netphen's biggest constituent community, lying about 262 to 350 m above sea level on an area of some 7.5 km². It is roughly 6 km from Siegen and 4 km from Netphen (main town). Dreis-Tiefenbach lies on Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) 62, which joins with the Hüttentalstraße. The community's environs consist of relatively broad, thick mixed forest and broad meadows. Dreis-Tiefenbach was likely once settled by Celts. It had its first documentary mention in 1239.
Eckmannshausen
Eschenbach
Frohnhausen
Frohnhausen lies roughly 2 km from Netphen (main town). As of 2005, some 470 people live there. The community ranges from 350 to 540 m above sea level, and roughly 70% of it is wooded, with the rest made up of fields, meadows, and built-up areas.
The heart of the village consists mainly of half-timbered houses protected as monuments and built in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Grissenbach
Grissenbach lies in Netphen's east, right at the foot of the Rothaargebirge Nature Park. As with Frohnhausen, 70% of the community is wooded, with the rest made up of fields, meadows, and built-up areas. The community ranges from 336 to 530 m above sea level, and has an area of 4.6 km².
As of June 2005, Grissenbach is home to 894 people, giving it a population density of 194/km², considerably lower than the average for the Federal Republic of Germany (about 230/km²).
Hainchen
Hainchen's area encompasses 10.7 km², 6.5 km² of which is wooded, with the rest made up of meadows and built-up areas. The boundary runs for roughly 8 km along the border with Hesse. As well, Hainchen borders on the town of Bad Laasphe in the north and in the south on the community of Wilnsdorf. The difference in elevation between the entrance to the community and the exit from it at the Hessian border is 96 m (384 to 480 m).
From the entrance to the Geiersgrundbach Valley to the boundary with Bad Laasphe, the difference in elevation is 190 m.
The community has developed from one of small handicraft businesses and independent farmers to an industrial community nowadays, with two prefabricated house companies, one mechanical workshop and four service-sector businesses setting up shop here. Furthermore, there are four businesses using agricultural land, two of which are major landholders.
All together, there are 129 registered jobs in the community. The overwhelming majority of workers commute to neighbouring areas (Greater Siegen, neighbouring areas in Hesse). An advantage to the community is the nearby A 45, only 14 km away and reachable in a matter of minutes. The advantageous transport links have also had something to do with revitalizing the hiking trails along the Rothaarsteig, 7 km of which run through Hainchen.
Hainchen also has a castle, the Burg Hainchen, built in the heights with a moat. It has been standing at least since 1290, the year when it was first mentioned in a document.
Welgersdorf
Some 400 people live in Welgersdorf. Things to see there include the Mahnglockenturm (bell tower), the Backes (an old bakehouse), the old mill and Saint Elisabeth's Chapel. Here, too, the Wurstekommission – "Sausage Commission" – has been represented since 1919 (this is an organization dedicated mostly to scaring away evil spirits at New Year's Eve; they get their name from the door-to-door sausage donations that they seek for the attendant festival).
Herzhausen
Herzhausen was for a long time an independent community, but is now a constituent community of Netphen. Lying in the middle of the Rothaargebirge, Herzhausen is even now still shaped by agriculture and forestry as well as ancient Siegerland traditions such as the Hauberg (a long-standing practice of coöperative forestry in this region) or the Martinsfeuer, or Saint Martin's Fire, a custom on Saint Martin's Day (11 November). The high point of the year is the yearly shooting festival, known far beyond the regional bounds.
Herzhausen lies on the state highway (Landesstraße) between Dreis-Tiefenbach and Hilchenbach. In 2005, a citizens' club was founded. Also once found in Herzhausen was the district garbage dump. The storage of household rubbish there, however, is no longer allowed, and it is now used as an earth dump. Further trash is now sorted for incineration and forwarded.
Irmgarteichen
Roughly 900 people call Irmgarteichen home. It was once a community with great (ecclesiastical) importance. In Irmgarteichen, many clubs have had a hand in shaping the community as it is today. Very important rites are Drette Krestach and the Osterfeuer of the Hermedeicher Jonge.
Nenkersdorf
Nenkersdorf lies east of the constituent community of Grissenbach. The historic watermill on the eastern edge of the community is said to be particularly worth seeing.
Lahnhof
The Lahnhof, whose name takes the definite article (always der/den/dem Lahnhof, des Lahnhof(e)s in German), lies in the southeast Rothaargebirge at a height of 607 m above sea level. Its name first appeared in a document in 1333. Right nearby rise the rivers Lahn, Sieg and Eder. The pristine nature, to say nothing of the outstanding views when the weather is good, has led the Lahnhof to become, just as was also true one hundred years ago, one of the best loved local outing destinations from near and far.
Oelgershausen
Salchendorf
Since at least 1920 there has been in Salchendorf a youth association called the Wurstekommission (see Helgersdorf above) which has about 50 active members, 14 of whom are on the council of elders. In the middle of the village has stood since 1995 the Wurstekommission Memorial.
A Salchendorf portal is in the planning stage.
Sohlbach
Unglinghausen
Walpersdorf
Walpersdorf had its first documentary mention in 1344. It is well known for its charcoal kilns and nature reserve with its snowflake meadows. Geographically, Walpersdorf, the first place on the river Sieg, lies at the edge of the Rothaarsteig hiking trail. About 3 km away rise the rivers Sieg, Lahn and Eder.
Werthenbach
Wertenbach was once an independent community. It came into being sometime between 900 and 1300 and has an adjusted area of 9.37 km², meaning that the area was once greater, but early in the 18th century, former border forests and protected woodlands belonging to the local lord were merged with neighbouring communities.
Werthenbach, unlike other constituent communities' names like Sohlbach, Beienbach, Grissenbach, and so on, is not the community's original name, but rather it was once called Werthenbrecht. The placename element brecht that occurred in the name before it was corrupted can be compared to the common mountain name Bracht, and in the Rhenish Slate Mountains can still be found as a description for newer "clearing" communities.
Werthenbach's earliest mentions:
1336 Hartmann von Wertinbrecht
1343 Hartmann von Wertinbracht
1344 Wernckenbracht.
In 1343, the Lords of Bicken relinquished an estate (actually a Hauberg – see Herzhausen above) to the villagers in what was then called Wertinbracht as long as they paid a yearly fee for this favour to the Monastery of Keppel. The earnings from the Bicken estates in 1447 amounted to a "tithe of 7 Malter of corn, 11 Malter of oats" (a Malter being "15 pieces", so 105 and 165 respectively). Eleven houses stood on monastery land in 1566.
A few meadows in Werthenbach have names bearing witness to the old landlords' ownership or rights. Zehntwiese, for instance, refers to Zehnten – tithes.
The Herrenberg (mountain) has a name suggesting lordly ownership ("Herr" means "lord").
The local "Hauberg" forestry coöperative, popularly called "Kloster" ("Monastery") evokes the Keppel Monastery's historical ownership of the land.
In Werthenbach, on the street "Am Heller", 5 holiday cottages are to be built by 2007. Despite considerable protest from some quarters of the village community, the holiday village was approved on 27 March 2006 by the Netphen Town Development Board. Critics hold that it is unfair that rather than private houses, holiday cottages are being built on these lots. They will be built by a local prefabricated house company.
History
The earliest mention of this region of Siegen-Wittgenstein goes back to the 11th century. Here, as in most parts of the old Siegen district, the princely House of Nassau is named as the local overlords.
In 1215, the Lords of Hain were mentioned as being at Hainchen Castle.
From 1635 to 1637 raged the Plague.
In 1742, Netphen, like all other places north of the Lahn, passed to Prince Wilhelm Karl Friso of Orange, Prince of Diez and heir to the United Netherlands, thereby making the Principality of Nassau-Siegen part of the Netherlands.
Napoleon added the Siegerland to the Grand Duchy of Berg as part of his rearrangement of Germany. This change was, however, undone in 1813 and Netphen once again became Orange domain. In 1815, the House of Orange forwent all its German possessions and Netphen passed to Prussia in 1816.
On 1 January 1969, as part of municipal reform, the greater community of Netphen came into being. On 30 June 1997, Netphen's population reached the 25,000 mark, thereby earning it town status. This was not made official, however, until just before the turn of the millennium, on 1 January 2000.
Politics
Mayors
1969–1989: Gerhard Josef Zimmermann (CDU)
1989–1994: Helmut Buttler (SPD)
1994–2009: Rüdiger Bartsch (independent)
2009–present: Paul Wagener (independent)
Town council
The town council's 38 seats are apportioned thus, in accordance with municipal elections held on May 25, 2014 and September 21, 2014.
CDU 15 seats
SPD 10 seats
Greens 2 seats
FDP 1 seats
UWG 5 seats
Die Linke 1 seat
Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition.
Coat of arms
Netphen's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: Per fess, azure semee of billets a demi-lion Or armed and langued gules and Or a boar saltant sable langued gules.
The lion is from Nassau's arms. The springing boar is copied from the oldest preserved seal of the Siegerland Court, from 1467. It belonged to the "Schöffen tzo Netfe ind Irmgarteichen", or the Jurymen at Netphen and Irmgarteichen. The Netphen symbol has its origins in the old Yule festival, in which the boar was sacrificed to the gods.
Town partnerships
Żagań, Poland, since 1995
Quiévy, France
Vrchlabí, Czech Republic
Culture and sightseeing
Museums
Heimatmuseum
Since 1996 there has existed in the local history museum a great exhibition room with exhibits from prehistory and early history. The focus is on the Netpherland economy with tanning, charcoal making, the Hauberg forestry system, the practice of Hude ( ≈ silvopasture) and beekeeping. The same building also houses the cultural and tourism office.
Buildings
Martinikirche
The Martini Church is a hall church from the 13th century. Beginning at dusk and into the night, the Romanesque tower is lit up.
Obernautalsperre
The Obernau Reservoir, which holds 15 000 000 m³ of water is the biggest drinking water reservoir in the Siegerland. A track leading all the way round the reservoir invites hikers. Towering over the reservoir is the Alte Burg, or Old Castle, a "flight castle" (one used mainly for retreat or refuge) and a place of worship from La Tène times about 500 BC. Every New Year's Eve, a Volkslauf ( ≈ fun run) is held there.
Wasserburg Hainchen
In Hainchen is found the reconstructed Wasserburg Hainchen, a moat-ringed castle.
Nenkersdorf Watermill
The mill's history goes back to the 12th century. It belonged until the 14th century to the Lords (Schlossherren) of Hainchen. At that time, the lord gave it to his tenant. Since that time, for more than five generations, the mill has been under the Weber family's ownership.
Walpersdorf charcoal kiln
Making charcoal is a tradition that goes back a long time in the Siegerland, owing mainly to another long tradition, iron smelting. In Walpersdorf is found the Siegerland's only charcoal kiln that is still used. The charcoal is made out of oak, birch and beech, yielding roughly one tonne of charcoal for every four of wood.
Sport
Netphen has a leisure park with a tennis hall, an ice stadium and an indoor swimming pool. The tennis hall and ice stadium were completed in October 1976, and on 14 May 1977 opened together with the indoor swimming pool. The outdoor swimming pool followed a short time later. Netphen's biggest sport club is the TVE.
Culinary specialities
Riewekooche, a kind of potato bread, is the local contribution to the world of food.
Economy and infrastructure
Established businesses
AMOVA
The plant for AMOVA manufactures a variety of goods handling systems, for the aviation, port logistics, and metal fabrication industries.
Firma Walzen Irle GmbH
Walzen Irle GmbH is a roller manufacturer. The traditional business can look back on a 180-year history, and was the first company in Germany to make chilled cast iron rollers. Today Walzen Irle belongs to the Irle Group and is a 100% daughter company of Irle-Deuz GmbH.
Flender-Flux
Flender-Flux is a traditional business in Deuz with a 240-year history whose main business is in manufacturing metal roof systems.
Deuzer Maschinenfabrik Heitze GmbH & Co.
The firm began on 1 May 1939 as a limited partnership for the purpose of making machines and apparatuses and also pursuing trade in the same, under the name Maschinenfabrik M Heitze, Kommanditgesellschaft, and under the personally liable partner, millwrighting master Martin Heitze, the engineer Edmund Dietrich and the director Ernst Zimmermann.
By late 1939, the first works hall with a floor area of 600 m² was in place, and it was equipped with 3 lathes, 1 drilling machine, 1 handheld welding site and 5 millwrighting workplaces. Machine production did not, however, begin before the war broke out that same year.
In 1939, the workforce was 6 persons. By late 1945, this had risen to 8. The first machines built at the plant were ones for woodworking, such as firewood cutting machines, carpenter's circular saws, wood drilling machines and long band saws. This production stopped in 1945 after more than 200 machines had been completed.
When Mr. Honig joined the firm after the Second World War as a constructing engineer, and later a shareholder, his connection to his former employer, the Waldrich firm in Siegen, led to the company's beginning production, with the Eugen Waldrich firm in Bad Godesberg, of glass pane finishing machines late in 1945.
The programme was based on folding-arm polishing machines, combination grinding and polishing machines, horizontal grinding machines, glass drilling machines and groove cutting machines. Production continued until 1965, shutting down only slowly after having fulfilled the glass industry's backlog.
Bombardier Transportation
In Netphen lies a Bombardier Transportation works at which bogies are made.
Transport
The main road to the town is Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B 62, crossing the municipal area from southwest to northeast. At Dreis-Tiefenbach is an interchange with the Siegen municipal Autobahn (Hüttentalstraße).
For goods transport, there was once a railway line that ran from Irmgarteichen to Siegen-Weidenau. It was abandoned in 2004, except for works runs between Walzen Irle's works.
A short stretch of the Rothaarbahn railway cuts across the municipal area in the northeast, but there is no stop.
The world's first motorised bus route ran through the town, operated by the Netphener Omnibus-Gesellschaft as Siegen-Netphen-Deuz. It opened on 18 March 1895 with one bus powered by a single-cylinder petrol engine supplied by Benz & Cie. Local passenger transport now is supplied by Verkehrsgemeinschaft Westfalen-Süd (VGWS)(South Westphalia Transport Community) bus routes.
The town is connected to regional air travel through the Siegerland Airport in Burbach, southwest of Netphen.
Notable people
Paul Scheuerpflug (1896–1945), German officer, most recently Generalleutnant in the Second World War
Klaus-Peter Thaler (born 1949), cyclist
References
External links
Deuz
Beienbach
Irmgarteichen
Oelgershausen
Deuzer Maschinenfabrik Heitze GmbH & Co.
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Rothaar Mountains
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Siegerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netphen |
Beltrum is a village in the region called Achterhoek in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands.
Religion
Most people of the village belong to the catholic parish 'Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming' which was founded with the building of a parish church in 1853. Before they were mainly oriented at the catholic Calixtus church, the former catholic church in Groenlo.
Politics
Before the 18th century Beltrum was part of the Stad en Heerlijkheid of Borculo. From about 1795 until 1819 it was an independent municipality. After this short independent period it became a hamlet and part of Eibergen. Today Beltrum belongs to the municipality of Berkelland.
Sports
Sports in Beltrum is organized in community clubs. The biggest of them is the 'Sportcentrale VIOS', a federation of Beltrum sports clubs with member clubs that are active in soccer, gymnastics, handball, volleyball, table tennis or tug-of-war. Besides VIOS there is a tennis club and a sports rifle club.
Export products
Beneath the biggest wooden shoe factory of Europe, Beltrum's export products are dweilorkest Valse Loch and the coverrockband Aftershock. Beltrum is also famous by the yearly organized survival run in January with hundreds of competitors. And the annual Dahliacorso, on the first Sunday of September.
Gallery
References
Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, "Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten", KNAW, 2006.
Populated places in Gelderland
Former municipalities of Gelderland
Berkelland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltrum |
Baambrugse Zuwe is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, northeast of Vinkeveen. The hamlet consists of one road, close to 4 km long, going straight through the lake area the Vinkeveense Plassen.
It was first mentioned in 1851 as Vinkeveensche-Zuwe (De), and means side-wards dike belonging to Baambrugge (originally Vinkeveen). Baambrugse Zuwe is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Vinkeveen. There are no place name signs, and it consists of about 240 houses.
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
De Ronde Venen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baambrugse%20Zuwe |
Band of the Hand is a 1986 American action crime neo noir thriller film directed by Paul Michael Glaser starring Stephen Lang, Leon Robinson, James Remar, Lauren Holly, and Laurence Fishburne.
The film's score was composed and performed by Michel Rubini and the title track was written and performed by Bob Dylan, backed by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.
Plot
A group of five juvenile delinquents in their teens are doomed to be prosecuted as adults for their crimes unless they take part in a new and experimental "program" led by a Vietnam veteran Native American named "Indian Joe" Tegra (Stephen Lang). The five teens include two rival gang leaders, Ruben Pacheco (Michael Carmine), the leader of the Home Boys serving a three-year sentence for aggravated assault and armed robbery; Moss Roosevelt (Leon Robinson), the leader of the 27th Avenue Players, also serving a three-year sentence, for assault and armed robbery; Carlos Aragon (Danny Quinn), a drug trafficker serving a four-year sentence after being arrested in a police sting; James Lee "J.L." MacEwen (John Cameron Mitchell), the youngest and most violent of the teenagers, serving a 10-year sentence for manslaughter of his abusive and alcoholic father and various arson charges; and Dorcey Bridger (Al Shannon), a car thief serving three-plus years for auto theft and over 15 escape attempts from various juvenile halls.
Forced into the swamps, the teens must learn to survive in the dangerous swamp and how to work together. Upon completion of the program, the group leases a vacant house in a dangerous part of Miami and slowly rebuilds the neighborhood, kicking out the pimps, prostitutes and drug dealers. This offends the former illegal inhabitants of their house, all loyal customers of drug baron Cream (Laurence Fishburne). The conflict leads to armed fights, in which Joe is killed. The surviving members of the group take the fight directly to a drug manufacturing facility that is equipped with an M-134 Minigun.
Cast
Stephen Lang as Joe Tegra
Michael Carmine as Ruben Julian Pacecho
Lauren Holly as Nikki
Leon Robinson as Moss Roosevelt
John Cameron Mitchell as James Lee MacEwen
Danny Quinn as Carlos Rene Aragon
Al Shannon as Dorcey Jon Bridger
Paul Calderon as Tito
James Remar as Nestor
Larry Fishburne as Cream
Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 0%, based on eight reviews.
Critics have described the film as "a poor 1970s vigilante movie produced a decade too late." At the 1986 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film was nominated for Worst Picture but lost to Howard the Duck.
References
External links
1986 films
1986 directorial debut films
1986 crime thriller films
American action thriller films
American crime thriller films
Films directed by Paul Michael Glaser
Films set in Miami
TriStar Pictures films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20of%20the%20Hand |
The Horace Greeley Award is a New England award for public service journalism.
History
It is an annual and regional American journalism award that recognizes excellence in the print media of New England and is named in honor of prominent 19th-century editor and publisher Horace Greeley. It is administered by the New England Press Association in Boston, Massachusetts, and awarded occasionally. The first award was given in 1966 to the Revere Journal.
Winners
Revere Journal (1966)
Maura J. Casey of the New London Day
References
American journalism awards
1966 establishments in Massachusetts
Awards established in 1966
Horace Greeley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Greeley%20Award |
The 2005–06 Divizia A was the eighty-eighth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania. Season began in August 2005 and ended in June 2006. Steaua București became champions on 7 June 2006.
Team changes
Relegated
The teams that were relegated to the Divizia B at the end of the previous season:
Apulum Alba Iulia
Brașov
Universitatea Craiova
Promoted
The teams that were promoted from the Divizia B at the beginning of the season:
Vaslui
Pandurii Târgu Jiu
Jiul Petroșani
Venues
Personnel and kits
League table
Positions by round
Results
Attendances
Top goalscorers
Champion squad
See also
2005–06 in Romanian football
References
Liga I seasons
Romania
1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306%20Divizia%20A |
The Atlantic District is one of the 35 districts of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (LCMS) and covers eastern New York state: New York City, Long Island, the Hudson Valley, and the Capital District. It comprises approximately 100 congregations and a number of mission stations, subdivided into 10 circuits, as well as 31 preschools, 15 elementary schools, and 5 high schools. Baptized membership in Atlantic District congregations is approximately 26,000. The rest of New York is included in the Eastern District; in addition, four congregations in the New York City area are in the non-geographic English District, and one congregation in Yonkers is in the SELC District.
The Atlantic District was separated from the Eastern District in May 1906. Portions of the district were split off into the New England District and the New Jersey District in 1972. District offices are located in New York, New York. Delegates from each congregation meet in convention every three years to elect the district president, vice presidents, circuit counselors, a board of directors, and other officers. Derek Lecakes was re-elected as the district president at the 61st Regular Convention that was held on July 22–23, 2022, at Our Savior's Lutheran Church in Albany, New York. He subsequently was replaced by Dien Ashley Taylor, who had been elected first vice president at the convention.
Concordia College (New York), which was part of the LCMS's Concordia University System, ceased offering classes as of August 2021, with a final conferral of degrees in December 2021. A district congregation, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Matthew, in Washington Heights, Manhattan, was founded in 1664 and is the oldest congregation in the LCMS.
Presidents
Rev. Ernst C. L. Schulze, 1906–1918
Rev. Philip H. L. Birkner, 1918–1930
Rev. Arthur J. C. Brunn, 1930–1941
Rev. George K. A. Koenig, 1941–1942
Rev. Herman J. Rippe, 1942–1960
Rev. Karl F. Graesser, 1960–1967
Rev. Rudolph P. F. Ressmeyer, 1967–1976
Rev. Henry L. Koepchen, 1976 (acting president)
Rev. Ronald F. Fink, 1976–1989
Rev. James Zwernemann, 1989–1991
Rev. Dr. David H. Benke, 1991–2015
Rev. Derek Lecakes, 2015–2022
Rev. Dr. Dien Ashley Taylor, 2022–present
Ressmeyer was one of four district presidents who were removed from office by Synod President J. A. O. Preus on April 2, 1976, for non-compliance with synodical directives on the ordination and placement of improperly endorsed ministerial candidates from Seminex.
References
External links
Atlantic District web site
List of Atlantic District congregations
LCMS: Atlantic District
LCMS Congregation Directory
Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod districts
Lutheranism in New York (state)
Christian organizations established in 1906
Lutheran districts established in the 20th century
1906 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20District%20of%20the%20Lutheran%20Church%20%E2%80%93%20Missouri%20Synod |
Black Patch Park is a park in Smethwick, West Midlands, England. It is bounded by Foundry Lane, Woodburn Road, Perrott Street and Kitchener Street, at .
The park, covering over , was part of a sparsely populated landscape of commons and woodland (known as The Black Patch), dotted with farms and cottages which has been transformed from heath to farmland then to a carefully laid out municipal park surrounded by engineering companies employing thousands of people; Tangyes, Nettlefolds, (later GKN plc), the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, Birmingham Aluminium Castings, ironworks, glassmaking and brewing. These factories, including the Soho Foundry, started by James Watt and Matthew Boulton are, but for foundations and frontages, almost all gone.
Much of what is known about Black Patch Chaplin Park appears in a book by Ted Rudge, developed from an Open University degree thesis, and published by Birmingham City Council in 2003. Rudge's research records how, from the mid-19th century until they were evicted from it at the start of the 20th, the 'Black Patch' was the camping ground of a community of tent and vardo (caravan) dwellers who were to become integrated with 'gaujos' (non-Gypsies) in surrounding districts. The Gypsies on the Black Patch lived on a deep barren layer of furnace waste, which, after their eviction, was cleared down to grass growing soil to create a park. There is disputed evidence that Charlie Chaplin might have been born at Black Patch.
Situation
Black Patch Park lies miles from Birmingham city centre just outside the boundary of the city, and is surrounded north, east and south by railway embankments. One of these carries the Birmingham - Wolverhampton part of West Coast Main Line. That and the A41 and the Birmingham Canal Navigations' Birmingham to Wolverhampton 'Mainline' canals - old and new - are arteries of the region's 'North West Corridor of Regeneration'.
In the centre of Black Patch Park, Boundary Brook, which for centuries marked a boundary between Staffordshire and Warwickshire, meets Hockley Brook, which once separated the country villages of Handsworth and Smethwick. Boundary Brook enters from the South, while Hockley Brook comes in from the West under Woodburn Road.
The park is linked to the Birmingham main line canal via a route through Avery Road that connects it to the West Midlands Sustrans Cycle Route 5, running along the canal towpath, part of a National Cycle Network running from the Cotswolds via Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwick, Birmingham, and Stafford to Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire.
Black Patch Park is edged by Foundry Lane to the west and south, Woodburn Road to the north, and to the east, Perrott Street, beyond which, as far as Handsworth New Road, stretches the triangle of Merry Hill Allotment Gardens. The West Midlands Metro has two stops nearby; Winson Green Outer Circle and Handsworth Booth Street. Kitchener Street which, until they were demolished in 1980, ran between terraced houses, was gated in January 2009 under section 129A of the Highways act 1980 - a measure intended by Sandwell MBC to prevent extensive fly-tipping.
Industrial Revolution
In 1769 James Brindley supervised the building of a canal between Birmingham and the Black Country. This waterway came to be known, within 60 years, as the 'old' Main Line Canal after Thomas Telford constructed a straighter, broader New Birmingham Main Line Canal, which opened in 1829 to carry an ever-increasing volume of narrow boat traffic. Brindley and Telford's waterways attracted industrial entrepreneurs including Matthew Boulton, and James Watt who bought by the canal at Merry Hill, about a mile from the firm's Soho Manufactory in Handsworth and opened the Soho Foundry in 1796 'for the purpose of casting everything relating to our steam engines'.
As the local population grew, tension developed between them and the travellers. Rudge records that Gypsies and travellers camped on the "Black Patch" from the mid-19th century, not always with approval of local people. Only in the early 20th century, and after several attempts, were the Gypsies finally and forcibly evicted from the 'Black Patch' as rising population density and new land owning assumptions placed greater and greater restriction on their traditional sites.
From being a thriving industrial site, the area was transformed in little more than a lifetime, to a site of dereliction, with the decline of almost all the park's surrounding industrial giants during the economic upheaval of the 1960s. One successful survivor is Avery Weigh-Tronix on Foundry Lane, the world's largest manufacturers of machines for weighing, counting, measuring and testing, whose main entrance is the frontage of Boulton's and Watt's old Soho Foundry opposite the 'Soho Foundry Tavern'.
Gypsy connection
Rudge says that Esau Smith was the acknowledged king of the Black Patch. When he died in 1901 at the age of 92, his widow Henty was elected queen. Even while Esau was alive it was generally understood by local people that the Gypsies gained legal rights to the land as squatters. Though such rights are seldom written down, it is said that deeds to this effect were destroyed when the king and queen's caravan was ritually burned after her death on 7 January 1907. Queen Henty, who was buried with her husband in the churchyard of St. Mary's Church, Handsworth, is said to have placed a curse on anyone who builds over the Black Patch, the subject of a song by the well known folk artist Bryn Phillips in September 2003.
In 1906 Mrs E J E Pilkington and Tangye Ltd were referred to as legal owners of Black Patch, having put it up for sale after employing land agents to carry out a court imposed eviction of the Gypsies on 26 July 1905. They did not finally relinquish links with the land until a "peaceful eviction" was negotiated by Birmingham Corporation Parks Department on 15 February 1909. Subsequent stories contribute to reasonable doubt as to who ought to have inherited the Black Patch and who now holds legal title to the Gypsies' old camping ground. Rudge reports that in 1960 Jane Badger, who lived near Black Patch, got into conversation while walking by the Park with a gentleman with an American accent. He claimed he owned the deeds to the land. This story resembles a statement made by Ray Plant, a distant relative of the Black Patch Gypsies, that a family called Murdock once owned the land and gave permission to camp there. According to Ray Plant when the Murdocks emigrated to America they handed over the Black Patch deeds to the Gypsies. The deeds were apparently stolen making any of the gypsies claims to the land unfounded. Many of the gypsy descendants still live in the surrounding area - the names of descendants accessible via the National Census.
In July 2005, a memorial plaque to the gypsies was erected. Sometime in March 2007 this plaque disappeared but has since been replaced.
Creating the Park
Despite past and present doubts about exact ownership the impetus for and organisation of its purchase and development as a public park came from the Birmingham Playgrounds, Open Spaces and Playing Fields Society, chaired by John Nettlefold, a Birmingham Councillor, married into the Chamberlain family. A mix of public subscription and cash from Smethwick and Handsworth Councils and Birmingham Corporation raised £12,200. One of the vendors, Mrs Pilkington, donated £500 from the conveyance to assist with their aim of providing a place where people could enjoy fresh air away from the smoky atmosphere of the surrounding factories. The new public space was divided into three; in Handsworth, seven in Smethwick and seven in Birmingham. Further land was acquired to build Perrott Street, widen the Great Western Railway and provide the Merry Hill Allotments on the other side of Perrott Street. Birmingham Corporation was asked by the Society to lay out and manage Black Patch Park. Unemployed people under the supervision of a Parks' Superintendent carried out this work. It began in January 1909 and was completed in May 1910. The Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Alderman Bowater, formally opened the Black Patch Recreation Ground on 20 June 1911. In 1966 management was taken over by the new Borough of Warley, now Sandwell Metropolitan Council, whose Planning Department confirms that covenants held by Pilkington and Tangye still exist, but until then Black Patch Park was under the stewardship of Birmingham Parks Department.
Campaign to save Black Patch Park
In August 2003 a campaigning group called "The Friends of Black Patch Park" was formed to challenge proposals outlined in Sandwell Council's Unitary Development Plan to zone two thirds of the park for industrial use. The aim of the Friends of Black Patch Park has been to protect, celebrate and enhance the park's - as originally created by public subscription in 1907 - as a place of historic importance and indispensable green space for future generations. As well as its legacy as a traditional Romany camping ground, the park's current value is as a wildlife oasis, a place for quiet walks and relaxation and an essential site for a large number of young people from diverse backgrounds to practice sport. Footballers from the Soho Foundry Tavern and many other Warley League Teams, are strongly against the loss of the playing fields that make up the largest part of the Black Patch.
Regeneration
Agenda item 5 of a Report to the Cabinet Member for Regeneration and Transport, Councillor Bob Badham, Sandwell MBC, dated 21 February 2007, states:
Within the adopted Unitary Development Plan, sites around Black Patch Park, near to the Soho Foundry were allocated for industrial uses in order to attract investment for a Technology Park. However, this has not come to fruition. A recent Employment Land Survey has revealed that there is no immediate need for further industrial land in this location. As there are no deliverable proposals identified, and to accommodate the wishes of Friends of Black Patch Park to retain the Park area, these allocations have been removed. The land will therefore form a green focal point for any development which takes place on the adjoining sites. The Preferred Option for land adjacent to Soho Foundry has been allocated for Mixed Used which can incorporate industrial and offices, and possibly leisure, community and educational facilities associated to the Foundry once a suitable re-use has been identified. Smethwick Area Action Plan - Preferred Option Document (Cabinet Forward Plan Ref. No. RT089).
On 30 August 2017 Sandwell MBC Cabinet, under the leadership of Cllr Steve Eling, agreed a policy to rezone land around Black Patch Park for housing. On 16 January 2018 Full Council received and approved the minutes of Cabinet to the effect that:
(1) that the proposals for a land use change to the sites in the Black Patch area, Smethwick to that of residential be noted;
(2) that a masterplan and Interim Planning Statement be prepared as the way forward for the Black Patch, Smethwick area;
(3) that in connection with Resolution (2) above, a further report be submitted to the Cabinet on the draft masterplan and Interim Planning Statement prior to public consultation being undertaken;
(4) that consultation be undertaken with Merry Hill Allotment plot holders to consider relocation to an alternative allotment site and the results of the consultation be submitted to Cabinet in due course.
References
David Papadopoulos (2002) Spatialities of Dereliction
Ted Rudge (2003) Brumroamin: Birmingham and Midland Romany Gypsy and Traveller Culture. Birmingham City Council Department of Leisure & Community Services (2003)
External links
BBC on 'Brumroamin'
Built Environment Cabinet member Cllr Bob Badham talks about Sandwell MBC's policies to save Black Patch Park
Images to supplement this article
Revolutionary Players. History of the Industrial Revolution in the West Midlands. See especially the images at to get an impression of how the Black Patch became named.
Smethwick Local History Society
Soho Foundry Soho Foundry
Ted Rudge's 'Romany Memorial'[6]
Ted Rudge's website on the campaign to save Black Patch Park (including the text of Bryn Phillips song)()
The Smethwick Town Plan (PDF document). See section on the 'Foundry Lane Action Area' in paras 8.6.1 to 8.6.20, pp. 116–120 (map on page 120) and in Appendix 1, p. 128. As indicated at the conclusion of this article The Smethwick Town Plan is now under review, though any changes supported by Sandwell MBC must be approved by the Secretary of State under the terms of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
Parks and open spaces in the West Midlands (county)
Smethwick
Romani communities in the United Kingdom
Industrial archaeology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Patch%20Park |
RuneSlayers is a free role-playing game first published in 1998 by its authors, J.C. Connors and Christopher Lawrence. The game was originally developed as RuneQuest: Slayers, a follow-up to the third edition of RuneQuest by the publisher Avalon Hill, which owned the RuneQuest trademark at the time. In 1998 Avalon Hill was acquired by Hasbro and the project was canceled. The authors then published the game on the Internet as a free PDF file, under the title RuneSlayers.
History
The first two editions of RuneQuest were published in 1978 and 1980, respectively, by Chaosium. They were firmly set in Chaosium founder Greg Stafford's fictional world of Glorantha. The third edition was published in 1984 by Avalon Hill as part of a deal where Avalon Hill took ownership of the RuneQuest trademark while Chaosium retained copyright to the rules text and full ownership of the Glorantha setting, which Avalon Hill used under license. In the mid 1990s, Avalon Hill began work on a fourth edition of RuneQuest subtitled Adventures in Gorantha, however Stafford did not approve of the project and it was canceled. Avalon Hill, to assert their trademark to the RuneQuest name, instead hired new designers on the project to start over with a fresh approach. Slated for a 1998 release, RuneQuest: Slayers, did not resemble previous editions in regards to rules and focused on a low-magic setting inspired by pulp sword and sorcery fiction.
RuneQuest: Slayers was already at the printers when Hasbro purchased Avalon Hill and canceled the project. RuneQuest: Slayers was never formally released.
The rights to RuneQuest: Slayers then reverted to the authors, and they released the retitled game as RuneSlayers as a free PDF on the Internet.
References
Fantasy role-playing games
Role-playing games introduced in 1998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuneSlayers |
Benét's Reader's Encyclopedia is a reference work devoted to world literature. The first volume appeared in 1948, edited by Pulitzer Prize-winner William Rose Benét, older brother of the writer Stephen Vincent Benét. Benét set out to "present to [the reader] a well-organized supplementary memory, in one volume". The encyclopedia was based on Ebenezer Cobham Brewer's classic Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, and offered a compendium of curious information (such as "Aani. In Egyptian mythology, the dog-headed ape sacred to the god Thoth"). The second edition appeared in 1965, with the addition of new entries, the expansion of old entries, and the addition of illustrations.
More widely available is the third edition, edited by Katherine Baker Siepmann and published in 1987. While this edition no longer mentions such arcane figures as Aani, it offers substantial background on a wide variety of literary figures and increased the international scope of the volume. Jeppe Aakjaer, for instance, appears as a novelist who "was intensely concerned with social misery and the need for reform," though he is "best known" for his "lyric poetry, in which he celebrates the courage of the peasants and the beauties of his native Jutland."
In 1996, the fourth edition of this reference work appeared. The fifth and to date most recent edition was released in December 2008.
See also
Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature
References
External links
The Reader's Encyclopedia 2nd edition at Internet Archive
1948 non-fiction books
Encyclopedias of literature
20th-century encyclopedias | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benet%27s%20Reader%27s%20Encyclopedia |
Drowned World Tour 2001 is the fifth video album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on November 13, 2001, by Warner Music Vision, Warner Reprise Video, and Maverick Records to accompany Madonna's second greatest hits album GHV2. The video chronicles a live date from Madonna's Drowned World Tour, which visited Europe and North America, grossing over US$76.8 million ($ million in dollars) in total. It was recorded at The Palace of Auburn Hills in Auburn Hills, Michigan on August 26, 2001, and was originally broadcast live on HBO as Madonna Live! Drowned World Tour 2001.
Drowned World Tour 2001 was captured with a 14-camera High Definition shoot. It is presented in an aspect ratio of 1.33:1 on the single-sided, double-layered DVD; due to those dimensions, the image was not enhanced for 16:9 televisions. The set list for the show consisted mainly of songs from her studio albums Ray of Light and Music. Among her pre-1990s hits, only "Holiday" and "La Isla Bonita" were added to the set list. Following its release, the video received mixed response from critics, who praised the sound quality but criticized the poor image. Drowned World Tour 2001 became Madonna's fifth number-one release on the Billboard Top Music Videos chart, and achieved platinum certification there, as well as Australia, Brazil, France, and the United Kingdom.
Background
The Drowned World Tour was the fifth concert tour by Madonna. It supported her seventh and eighth studio albums Ray of Light and Music respectively, and visited Europe and North America. It was also her first tour in eight years, following The Girlie Show World Tour in 1993. The tour was supposed to start in 1999, but was delayed until 2001 as Madonna gave birth to her son Rocco, married Guy Ritchie, was working on Music, and was busy filming The Next Best Thing. When the tour was decided, Madonna appointed Jamie King as choreographer and the tour was planned in a short timespan of three months, including signing up the dancers, musicians, and technicians. Designer Jean Paul Gaultier developed the costumes in such way that they indicated different phases of Madonna's career. The tour garnered positive reception from contemporary critics.
Tour dates were limited to cities in Europe and United States and it became the first and only Madonna tour to skip over Canada completely. After the tour was over, industry reports presented that it earned US$76.8 million ($ million in dollars) in total, from forty-seven summer sold-out shows and eventually played in front of 730,000 people throughout North America and Europe, averaging at $1.6 million ($ million in dollars) per show. Drowned World Tour became the highest-grossing concert tour of 2001 by a solo artist, as well as the fourth highest-grossing among all, behind U2, NSYNC, and the Backstreet Boys. Drowned World received the Major Tour of the Year and Most Creative Stage Production awards nominations at the 2001 Pollstar Awards, but lost them to U2.
Development
The concert was recorded on August 26, 2001, and broadcast live on HBO from The Palace of Auburn Hills in Auburn Hills, Michigan, watched by a crowd of 17,000. Known as Madonna Live! – Drowned World Tour 2001, the broadcast was announced by Nancy Geller, senior vice president of HBO Original Programming. She commented, "It's a thrill for us to have Madonna back, because we know it is going to be a spectacular show, with that combination of her amazing talent and extravagant style which only Madonna can bring." The broadcast was produced by Marty Callner and directed by Hamish Hamilton. The broadcast was Madonna's first since 1993, when Madonna Live Down Under: The Girlie Show from Sydney, Australia became HBO's most-watched original program of the year.
Three months later, a video titled Drowned World Tour 2001 was released in all regions on November 13, 2001, the same day her second compilation album, GHV2, was released. Drowned World Tour 2001 was captured with a 14-camera High Definition shoot. It is presented in an aspect ratio of 1.33:1 on the single-sided, double-layered DVD; due to those dimensions, the image was not enhanced for 16:9 televisions. Three audio tracks were made available—a DTS track, a Dolby Digital 5.1 track, and a Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo track. A photo gallery was included as a bonus feature. The photographs used on the DVD packaging were taken by Madonna's friend Rosie O'Donnell. Manhattan group Effanel Music, a mobile and portable multitrack remote recording company and its sub-division, L7 Group, did the recording and post-production works on the DVD.
Critical reception
The Drowned World Tour 2001 received mixed response from critics. Darryl Sterdan from Jam! commented that "even though the gig isn't exactly mind-blowing — the Matrix-style wire-work probably looked way cooler in person than it does on TV... the set has enough hits to make it a decent historical document". According to Orlando Sentinels Ben Wener, Drowned World Tour 2001 was "the same eye-popping show aired this past summer on HBO, only with vastly superior sound and sparkling picture". A reviewer from DVD.net gave the video a rating of six on ten, and the audio a nine on ten. The reviewer praised the DVD saying that "this is a quality release that highlights a performer well and truly on top of her game and for what it's worth, she is probably among the best at what she does."
Colin Jacobson from the DVD Movie Guide website complained about its lack of sharpness and commented, "Frankly, I'm at a loss to understand how such an unattractive video hit the shelves". He also criticized the lack of extra content, but complimented the DVD's sound. Jacobson gave the release's image, sound and extras ratings of D+, A−, D, respectively. Aaron Beriele from DVD Talk website shared Jacobson's views, saying that it was "a wonderful show from Madonna and I can only imagine what it was like to actually be there. As for the DVD, it offers outstanding audio quality, but only so-so image quality. Still, it's a terrific show and the DVD still certainly gets a recommendation."
The HBO broadcast won the Best TV Concert category at the 2002 AOL TV Viewer Awards. It was also nominated for Outstanding Choreography and Outstanding Costumes for a Variety, Nonfiction, or Reality Programming at the 54th Primetime Emmy Awards. In January 2002, it was reported by Billboard that Drowned World Tour 2001 was deemed "too explicit" for Singapore and banned from release there. The Singapore Board of Film Censors, known as Media Development Authority (MDA), took offence with two scenes during the "What It Feels Like for a Girl" interlude, in particular Japanese-inspired animation sequences that depicted a monster fondling and raping an Asian girl. Madonna's management debated whether to release an edited version of the video album in the region.
Commercial performance
In the United States, the release debuted atop the Billboard Top Music Videos chart. It was Madonna's fifth release to reach number one on the chart. The next week it dropped to number two being replaced from the top by Britney Spears' video, Britney: The Videos. Drowned World Tour 2001 was present for a total of 20 weeks on the chart and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of more than 100,000 copies of the release. As of September 2010, it has sold 144,000 copies in United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.
On December 24, 2001, the video album debuted at number six on the DVD chart in Australia and was present for three weeks. It was certified platinum in the region by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipment of 15,000 copies. Drowned World Tour 2001 debuted at number three on the Swedish DVD Chart, becoming its peak position, while in Denmark it reached a peak of number five. The DVD was also certified platinum in Brazil and the United Kingdom by the Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (ABPD) and British Phonographic Industry (BPI) respectively for shipment of 50,000 copies.
Track listing
Taken from the back casing of the Drowned World Tour 2001 US DVD release.
Personnel
Credits adapted from Drowned World Tour 2001 DVD liner notes.
Madonna – main performer
Hamish Hamilton – director
Marty Callner – producer
Randall Gladstein – producer
Jamie King – stage production direction
Jean-Paul Gaultier – costumes
Dean and Dan Caten of DSquared2 – costumes
Dolce & Gabbana – costumes
Donatella Versace – costumes
Catherine Malandrino – costumes
Alex Magno – choreographer
Dago Gonzalez – video director
Stuart Price – musical direction, keyboards, bass-guitar
Marcus Brown – keyboards
Monte Pittman – guitar
Ron Powell – percussion
Steve Sidelnyk – drums
Christian Vincent – head dancer
Niki Haris – vocals, backup singer
Donna De Lory – vocals, backup singer
Ruthy Inchaustegui – dancers
Nito Larioza – dancers
Tamara Levinson – dancers
Anthony Jay Rodriguez – dancers
Jamal Story – dancers
Kemba Shannon – dancers
Eko Supriyanto – dancers
Jull Weber – dancers
Addie Yungmee – dancers
Kevin Reagan – design, art direction
Photonica – back cover photograph
Rosie O'Donnell – cover and inlay photograph
Cream Cheese Films/Tadpole Films Inc. – production company
Charts
Weekly charts
Monthly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
2001 video albums
Live video albums
Concert films
Madonna video albums
Warner Records video albums
Maverick Records video albums
Reprise Records video albums
Warner Music Vision video albums
HBO network specials
2001 television specials
Television shows directed by Hamish Hamilton (director) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drowned%20World%20Tour%202001%20%28video%29 |
Boise Towne Square is a mall in the western United States, located in Boise, Idaho. The largest retail complex in the state, it opened in 1988 after more than 20 years of planning, and features 150 stores, with Macy's (formerly The Bon Marché), JCPenney, Kohl's and Dillard's (added in 1998) as anchor stores. The mall also includes the first Apple Store in Idaho. Boise Towne Square is owned by the Chicago-based Brookfield Properties and is located near the junction of Interstate 84 and Interstate 184.
Brookfield Properties also operates an adjacent strip mall, Boise Towne Plaza, which is anchored by Nordstrom Rack and Old Navy. In addition, the mall comprises nine freestanding businesses on its property, including major retailers PetSmart and Pier 1 Imports.
History
Plans for mall in Boise
The idea for a large regional shopping mall for Boise had been in discussion during the 1960s and 1970s. The first major proposal came in 1973, when Karcher Mall developer Harry Daum attempted to purchase land, owned by Larry and Peg Ott, near the intersection of Cole and Franklin Roads in Boise. The Otts responded with a lawsuit to stop Daum from attempting the building a shopping mall on their property. In 1976, the Otts agreed not to protest developer Larry Leasure's efforts to get the shopping center site annexed and zoned for commercial use. In return, they agreed to the let the property be developed as a community shopping center and office buildings, not a regional shopping mall. In 1978, another unsuccessful purchase attempt of the property was led by developer Ernest Hahn.
In the early 1980s, various developers proposed ideas for a shopping mall in and around Boise. This began in 1980, with a mall proposed for nearby Meridian. During the same year, an urban renewal project in downtown Boise was planned to include a large shopping mall with Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution (ZCMI) as an anchor store. ZCMI backed out of the downtown project in October 1980, and The Bon Marché was added in its place in 1981. The city eventually gave up on the idea of downtown shopping mall.
In 1982, Salt Lake City developer John Price proposed another shopping mall near the intersection of Interstate 84 and Cloverdale Road. Department store chains J. C. Penney, Lamonts, Sears, and ZCMI were committed to anchor the new shopping mall.
In December 1982, the Federal Highway Administration approved a $6 million interchange at Cloverdale Road. Price offered to pay for the interchange, which would have advanced the 1990 completion date to 1985 or 1986. Meanwhile, Boise developer Larry Leasure proposed a shopping mall, named Westpark, at the intersection of Cole and Franklin Roads, but the mall was on hold due to zoning and access problems. Price said he might consider dropping the Cloverdale project if Leasure would agree to sell the Westpark site to him when the issues were resolved.
By December 1986, construction began on Boise Towne Square northwest of the intersection of Cole and Franklin Roads, the original site where Harry Daum attempted to build a shopping mall 13 years earlier. Within the next year, it was announced that Sears, JCPenney, Mervyns and The Bon Marché would be the new mall's anchor stores. Sears, JCPenney and The Bon Marché were operating locations in downtown Boise, and the latter two stores were also anchors at the Karcher Mall in nearby Nampa, the only mall in the area at the time. After Boise Towne Square opened, Karcher Mall would lose business to Boise Towne Square.
Opening
In September 1988, Sears and JCPenney both began to liquidate their downtown locations in preparation to open in the new mall. At the time JCPenney also liquidated their Karcher Mall location in Nampa and sold the location to Troutman's Emporium. The Bon Marché, however, planned to keep its downtown location for at least a year but eventually stayed until the chain's demise in 2005 when the company's name was converted to Macy's. Macy's operated the downtown location for five more years before closing in 2010 after declining sales.
After much anticipation, the mall's first anchors, The Bon Marché and Sears, opened their doors on October 9, 1988 at 10 a.m. Kim Clark, advertising and special events coordinator for The Bon Marché, estimated that 10,000 people from the area would visit the store's grand opening. The mall's third anchor, JCPenney, opened its doors on October 12, the same day JCPenney closed its downtown Boise location, which it had operated since 1932. The mall's formal grand opening occurred on October 19. The mall's grand opening included a ribbon cutting ceremony with then mayor of Boise, Dirk Kempthorne. The mall's fourth anchor, Hayward, California-based Mervyn's, opened in February 1989.
In September 1989, ZCMI made plans to open two ZCMI II stores in Boise, including a location at Boise Towne Square, but neither were built.
1995–1998 expansions
In November 1995, the mall officially announced plans for a major expansion that would bring a fifth anchor store to the mall. Among the retailers rumored for the fifth anchor spot were Dillard's and ZCMI. Richard Madsen, president of ZCMI, confirmed JP Realty had drawn expansion plans with Dillard's listed as the fifth anchor Despite this, Rex Frazier, president of JP Realty, confirmed the company was talking with Dillard's, but would not confirm any business arrangements.
Also in November, The Bon Marché began a two-phase expansion of its store at mall. Phase one of the expansion included renovating a space vacated in December 1994 by Lamonts for Kids; the second phase was a addition.
In February 1996, Dillard's was officially confirmed as the mall's fifth and largest anchor store. In addition to the new store, a new addition of new retail space was set to be built south of the new Dillard's store. Three months later, plans for the expansion were put on hold when the mall was sued by The Bon Marché. The Bon claimed the addition of Dillard's is a twofold violation of The Bon's lease, which states that consent is required before physical changes can be made to the mall. The lawsuit was settled in January 1997 and plans for the expansion were approved by the Boise Design Review Committee. Construction on the expansion and the Dillard's store began in June, with Dillard's opening and most of the mall's new stores opening in August 1998. In an interview with the Idaho Statesman, the chairman of JP Realty revealed he hopes to eventually add a sixth anchor tenant and parking garages to mall.
More expansions; closure of theater
During 1999, the mall completed a five-month, $1 million remodel of the food court.
In 2001, Loews Cineplex announced the closure of three Treasure Valley theaters, including the mall's theater. The movie theater, which previously operated as a Cineplex Odeon until its 1998 merger with Loews, was opened in 1988.
The empty theater was reopened by local movie theater chain, The Reel Theatre, in December 2004. The Reel Theatre shut down the Boise Towne Square location in 2007 after a major renovation of a nearby location. The mall's theater remained vacant until it was demolished in October 2009 for a PetSmart store. The PetSmart store opened in 2010 after relocating from an older location nearby.
In 2006, the mall was expanded to add of retail space. The expansion's first new tenants included Borders, which relocated from an older location nearby, and The Cheesecake Factory. The expansion also added Talbots, which relocated from its 19-year-old Parkcenter Mall location, in October 2007. An interior renovation was completed in October 2008. The 2007 expansion has made Boise Towne Square the largest mall in Idaho, with more than 180 stores.
2008 to present
In August 2008, long-time anchor Mervyns announced it would close its location in the mall in late early November 2008, as part of the company's Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. A contractor bidding announcement confirmed Kohl's was planning a store at the Boise Towne Square Mall in the former Mervyns building. Construction on the new Kohl's store began March 1 and was completed September 27, 2011.
On February 9, 2009, local police were forced to evacuate the mall after several suspicious devices were found, a first for the 20-year-old shopping mall. At least 2,000 customers and employees were in the mall when it was evacuated. Boise police and federal law enforcement located what were discovered to be fake explosives in several different locations in the mall. The mall reopened at its regular time the following day.
It was announced in February 2010, Apple Inc. had chosen the mall for Idaho's first Apple Store location. The new store was opened on September 11, 2010. In January 2011, Nordstrom announced it was considering the Boise Towne Square Mall as a location for Idaho's first Nordstrom Rack.
On February 16, 2011, Borders Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the closure of 200 of its 642 bookstores. The mall's location was not included in the closure list released by the company. The mall's owner has requested to appear in the Borders bankruptcy case, in order to represent their interests. On July 18, 2011, Borders announced it would liquidate and close its remaining 399 stores. The store closed on September 13, 2011. Less than a year later, H&M announced plans to open its first Idaho store in the vacant Borders space.
On October 15, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide. The store closed in January 2019.
October 2021 shooting
On October 25, 2021, two people were killed and four others, including a Boise Police Department officer, were injured after a shooting occurred in the mall. The gunman, identified as 27-year-old Jacob James Bergquist (born December 1993), a resident from Chicago who was born in Minnesota and raised in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, was also injured during an exchange of gunfire with responding officers and taken into custody. He died of self-inflicted injuries the next day.
Boise Towne Plaza
During late 1997, JP Realty Inc., owner of the mall during the 1990s, began construction on a shopping center in a area adjacent to the mall, called Boise Towne Plaza. The shopping center's initial anchors were Circuit City and Linens 'n Things. An additional anchor, Old Navy, was later added on. A 1999 expansion added Hallmark and Famous Footwear. Linens 'n Things announced it would liquidate and close its remaining stores in October 2008. On January 16, 2009, it was announced that Circuit City would also liquidate and close remaining stores. On March 31, 2011, Nordstrom confirmed that Idaho's first Nordstrom Rack would open at the former Linens 'n Things building. The store opened on April 12, 2012.
On April 12, 2012, at the grand opening of Nordstrom Rack, a mall spokesperson confirmed that retailer Ulta Beauty would open in one half of the former Circuit City building. On April 23, 2012, it was confirmed that restaurant chain Dave & Buster's would open in the remaining space left in the former Circuit City building.
See also
Karcher Mall, the Treasure Valley's oldest shopping mall located in Nampa; opened 1965
Nampa Gateway Center, a lifestyle center located in Nampa; opened 2007
References
External links
Brookfield Properties
Shopping malls in Idaho
Shopping malls established in 1988
Buildings and structures in Boise, Idaho
Tourist attractions in Boise, Idaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise%20Towne%20Square |
QuickDEX is a free form database software application first released by Casady & Greene for the classic Mac OS. An update, QuickDEX II was released and the product eventually became InfoGenie and then iData Pro. The purpose of this software is to store text data that doesn't fit into more rigid database structures. QuickDEX and its successors featured an extremely fast search, phone dialing, as well as label and envelope printing. InfoGenie and iData Pro 1.0 added the ability to have user-defined fields in a record along with the freeform text area.
Since the closing of Casady & Greene, Inc., iData has been taken over by Mike Wright and Robin Casady. It is currently available from iDataPartners.com and a new version has been written for Mac OS X. iData Pro expands on its predecessors by adding (among many other features) the ability to have styled text, images, and sound files in the freeform text area.
There is also a version available for the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch through iTunes. It is called iData Mobile Plus.
References
Macintosh-only software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IData%20Pro |
The Yankee Quill Award is a regional American journalism award that recognizes a lifetime contribution toward excellence in journalism in New England. The award is bestowed annually by the Academy of New England Journalists, and administered by the New England Society of Newspaper Editors. It is considered the highest individual honor awarded by fellow journalists in the region.
Recent recipients
2008
Nelson Benton, editorial page editor, The Salem News
Ann Smith Franklin (posthumous), American colonialist almanac printer, Newport, Rhode Island
John Howe, editor and general manager, The Citizen, Laconia, New Hampshire
Al Larkin, retired executive vice president, The Boston Globe
2007
Michael Donoghue, sportswriter at The Burlington Free Press in Burlington, Vermont, and executive director of the Vermont Press Association.
Larry McDermott, publisher of The Republican in Springfield, Massachusetts, and president of the Massachusetts Newspaper Publishers Association
Eileen McNamara, professor of journalism at Brandeis University
James Taricani, investigative reporter for WJAR TV in Providence, Rhode Island
Barbara Walsh (journalist), reporter at The Eagle-Tribune in North Andover, Massachusetts
2006
David B. Offer, Executive editor, Kennebec Journal, Augusta, Maine, and the Morning Sentinel, Waterville, Maine
Gary Lapierre, Managing editor, WBZ Radio, Boston
Chris Powell, Managing editor and VP for news, the Journal Inquirer, Manchester, Connecticut
Walter Robinson, Assistant managing editor/Spotlight Team, The Boston Globe
1992
John P. Reilly, Executive editor, The Hour, Norwalk, Connecticut
Here is the list of winners from 1960 through 2009:
1960
George F. Booth, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
Sevellon Brown, Providence Journal-Bulletin
Minnie Ryan Dwight, Holyoke Transcript-Telegram
James B. Morgan, Boston Globe
Norris G. Osborn, New Haven Courier-Journal
1961
Herbert Brucker, Hartford Courant
Erwin D. Canham, Christian Science Monitor
Waldo L. Cook, Springfield Republican
Henry Beetle Hough, Vineyard Gazette
Arthur G. Staples, Lewiston Journal
1962
David Brickman, Medford Mercury/Malden News
Guy P. Gannett, Guy P. Gannett Newspapers
James M. Langley, Concord Monitor
William J. Pape, Waterbury Republican and American
David Patten, Providence Journal-Bulletin
1963
Paul S. Deland, Christian Science Monitor
Louis M. Lyons, Nieman Foundation
Henry W. Minott, United Press International
1964
John R. Herbert, Quincy Patriot Ledger
Leslie Moore, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
Laurence L. Winship, Boston Globe
1965
Gordon N. Converse, Christian Science Monitor
Rudolph F. Elie, Boston Herald-Traveler
Francis R. Murphy, Associated Press
1966
Thomas K. Brinkley, Fall River Herald-News
William Dwight, Holyoke Transcript-Telegram
Edward A. Weeks, Atlantic Monthly
1967
Charles E. Gallagher, Lynn Item
Lawrence K. Miller, Berkshire Eagle
John R. Reitemeyer, Hartford Courant
1968
Arch M. MacDonald, WBZ-TV
Michael J. Ogden, Providence Journal-Bulletin
Forest W. Seymour, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
1969
Harry Bryant Center, Boston University
Alexander J. Haviland, Boston Globe
Edgar M. Mills, Christian Science Monitor
1970
C. Edward Holland, Boston Record-American
Charles J. Lewin, New Bedford Standard-Times
David M. White, Boston University
1971
Barnard L. Colby, The Day
J. Edward DeCourcy, Newport Argus-Champion
Francis E. Whitmarsh, WBZ-TV
1972
Thomas J. Murphy, Waltham News-Tribune
Thomas Winship, Boston Globe
1973
John N. Cole, Maine Times
Thomas W. Gerber, Concord Monitor
Abraham A. Michaelson, Berkshire Eagle
1974
Robert C. Achorn, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
Bob Eddy, Hartford Courant
Kingsley R. Fall, Berkshire Eagle
1975
Robert J. Leeney, New Haven Register and Journal-Courier
G. Prescott Low, Quincy Patriot Ledger
William L. Plante, Essex County Newspapers
J. Russell Wiggins, Ellsworth American
1976
Joseph L. Doherty, Boston Globe
Loren F. Ghiglione, Southbridge Evening News
Elliot Norton, Boston Herald-American
1977
John Hughes, Christian Science Monitor
Cornelius F. Hurley, Associated Press
John B. Hynes, WCVB-TV
Marjorie Mills, Boston Herald
1978
Dwight E. Sargent, Boston Herald-American
George A. Speers, Northeastern University
Charles L. Whipple, Boston Globe
1979
Everett S. Allen, New Bedford Standard-Times
Judith Brown, New Britain Herald
Ernest W. Chard, Portland Press Herald
Philip Weld, Essex County Newspapers
1980
John C.A. Watkins, Providence Journal-Bulletin
William J. Clew, Hartford Courant
1981
Alton H. Blackington, Boston Herald/WBZ
Richard C. Garvey, Springfield Daily News
Donald Murray, University of New Hampshire
W. Davis Taylor, Boston Globe
1982
George B. Merry, Christian Science Monitor
Richard C. Steele, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
1983
Stephen A. Collins, Danbury News-Times
Robert H. Estabrook, Lakeville Journal
Brooks W. Hamilton, University of Maine
1984
John C. Quinn, USA Today
Kenneth J. Botty, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
Deane C. Avery, The Day
1985
Leonard J. Cohen, Providence Journal-Bulletin
George Esper, Associated Press
Sidney B. McKeen, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
George W. Wilson, Concord Monitor
1986
Roger Allen, WRKO
Stanton J. Berens, United Press International
Raymond A. Brighton, Portsmouth Herald
K. Prescott Low, Quincy Patriot Ledger
1987
John S. Driscoll, Boston Globe
James D. Ewing, Keene Sentinel
James Thistle, Boston University
1988
William B. Ketter, Quincy Patriot Ledger
James Ragsdale, New Bedford Standard-Times
Daniel Warner, Lawrence Eagle-Tribune
1989
Irving Kravsow, Hartford Courant
Caryl Rivers, Boston University
James V. Wyman, Providence Journal-Bulletin
1990
Carmen Fields, WGBH-TV
Charles McCorkle Hauser, Providence Journal-Bulletin
Carter H. White, Meriden Record-Journal
1991
No awards presented
1992
Edward S. Bell, Associated Press
Arnold S. Friedman, Springfield Newspapers
Warren F. Gardner, Meriden Record-Journal
1993
Betty J. Brighton, Portsmouth Herald
Bernard Caughey, Quincy Patriot Ledger
Robert W. Mitchell, Rutland Herald
Hugh Mulligan, Associated Press
John P. Reilly, The Norwalk Hour
1994
Steve Riley, Guy Gannett Publishing Co.
Norman Runnion, Brattleboro Reformer
David Starr, Springfield Newspapers
William O. Taylor, Boston Globe
1995
Leonard I. Levin, Providence Journal-Bulletin
Reid MacCluggage, The Day
Kathie Neff Ragsdale, Lawrence Eagle-Tribune
Bernard S. Redmont, Boston University
1996
Katherine Fanning, Christian Science Monitor
Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe
Kenneth E. Grube, The Day
1997
Natalie Jacobson, WCVB-TV
C. Michael Pride, Concord Monitor
Matthew Storin, Boston Globe
1998
William Breisky, Cape Cod Times
Michael Short, Associated Press
Rod Doherty, Foster’s Daily Democrat
Irving Rogers Jr., Lawrence Eagle Tribune
1999
William J. Pape II, Waterbury Republican-American
Morley L. Piper, New England Newspaper Association
John F. Henning, WBZ-TV
Linda Lotridge Levin, University of Rhode Island
2000
Elizabeth S. Ellis, Journal-Inquirer
Sarah-Ann Shaw, WBZ-TV
David Nyhan, Boston Globe
Robert Foster, Foster’s Daily Democrat
2001
Philip Balboni, New England Cable News
Thomas Kearney, The Keene Sentinel
Morgan McGinley, The Day
Alan Lupo, Boston Globe
2002
Patrick J. Purcell, Boston Herald/Community Newspaper Co.
Joseph W. McQuaid, Union Leader and New Hampshire Sunday News
Clark Booth, WCVB-TV
Ken Hartnett, New Bedford Standard-Times
2003
Paul LaCamera, WCVB-TV
Stephen A. Kurkjian, Boston Globe
James H. Smith, Record-Journal
Harry T. Whitin, Worcester Telegram & Gazette
2004
Benjamin Edes, Boston Gazette
Elaine N. Hooker, Associated Press
Jonathan F. Kellogg, Republican-American
Joel P. Rawson, Providence Journal
R.D. Sahl, New England Cable News
2005
John Burke, Boston Globe
George Geers, New England Newspaper Association
Thomas Heslin, Providence Journal
Emily Rooney, WGBH-TV
George Stone, The Day
Isaiah Thomas, Worcester Gazette
2006
Gary Lapierre, WBZ
David Offer, Kennebec Journal
Chris Powell, Manchester Journal Inquirer
Walter Robinson, Boston Globe
William Lloyd Garrison
2007
Michael Donoghue, Burlington Free Press
Larry McDermott, The Republican, Springfield
Eileen McNamara, The Boston Globe
Jim Taricani, WJAR, Providence
Barbara Walsh, Portland Press Herald
2008
Nelson Benton, Salem, Mass., News
John Howe, The Citizen, Laconia, N.H.
Al Larkin, The Boston Globe.
2009
James Campanini, The Sun, Lowell, Mass.
James Foudy, Daily Hampshire Gazette, Northampton, Mass.
Sam Fleming, WBUR radio, Boston
George Krimsky, AP, Center for Foreign Journalists, and the Republican-American newspapers, Waterbury, Conn.
2017 robin young
Elected posthumously
References
American journalism awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankee%20Quill%20Award |
Garreth O'Connor (born 10 November 1978, in Dublin) is an Irish former footballer.
He started out playing for Bannow Celtic in Dublin where he soon caught the attention of Belvedere. He started his senior career in the Bohemians B team but with a breakthrough to the first team proving elusive, he moved to Shamrock Rovers making his debut on 14 March 1999 against Derry City. He then returned to Bohemians where he played for just one season (1999–20), gaining an FAI Cup Runners up medal before being snapped up on a free transfer by English Football League One club AFC Bournemouth, where he played 168 league games and scored 24 goals.
In May 2005 he moved on a Bosman transfer to play in the Football League Championship with Burnley where he played regularly during the 2005–06 season, mainly scoring his goals from set-pieces. One of his most memorable goals was a 25-yard free-kick against Wolverhampton Wanderers, in a match which Burnley won 1–0. However, his appearances became less regular during the second half of the season and he spent the 2006–07 season as a little used substitute and squad player. He did though score Burnley's second goal in the 3–2 FA Cup defeat at Reading after coming on as a substitute. He was placed on the transfer list at the end of that season. On 12 June 2007 O'Connor returned to Bournemouth on loan and made 9 appearances, before returning to Burnley. There he found himself frozen out of the first-team squad by Steve Cotterill and not even given a squad number. One of new manager Owen Coyle's first actions in regards his first-team squad was to give O'Connor a first team squad number for the remainder of the 2007–08 season. Nevertheless, O'Connor was released at the end of the season. He made just one appearance in his final season for Burnley as a late substitute against Scunthorpe United in January 2008.
On 6 October 2008, O'Connor signed for League Two side Luton Town after a three-week trial. Luton boss Mick Harford had been impressed by O'Connor's performances in reserve games, scoring three goals in two games. Rather unfortunately, Garreth never made the impact at Kenilworth Road that had been hoped for, and after just 7 appearances for Luton Town (3 coming in the League), he was released by manager Mick Harford as the January 2008 transfer window opened. With money tight, Harford released both Garreth and fellow midfielder Kevin Watson from their deals, thus freeing up money to bring in some new faces.
On the eve of the 2009 season, O'Connor returned to Dublin and signed for St. Patrick's Athletic after non fruitful trials with Bohemians and Dundalk.
Garreth scored a memorable goal in the 2–1 defeat to Steaua București in the Europa League play-off during St Pats 2009 European campaign.
Agreed a contract with Drogheda along with Glen Fitzpatrick in January 2010.
After spells in Australia and at Monaghan United, O'Connor returned to Bohemians in August 2012 for his third spell at the Dalymount Park club.
References
External links
O'Connor signs for St. Pats
1978 births
Living people
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Bohemian F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Burnley F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Drogheda United F.C. players
Monaghan United F.C. players
Shelbourne F.C. players
League of Ireland players
English Football League players
Belvedere F.C. players
Association footballers from Dublin (city) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garreth%20O%27Connor |
Groenlandsekade is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, about 4 km northeast of Vinkeveen. Groenlandsekade consists of a single road, parallel to the A2 highway Amsterdam-Utrecht. The road is situated on an embankment ("kade" in Dutch), which forms the northeast shore of the lake area Vinkeveensche Plassen.
Until his death in 2004, the popular Dutch singer André Hazes lived here.
It was first mentioned between 1839 and 1859 as "De Vinkenkade of Groenland". The etymology is unclear. Groenlandsekade is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Vinkeveen. There are no place name signs. Groenlandsekade consists of about 75 houses.
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
De Ronde Venen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groenlandsekade |
The reliability theory of aging is an attempt to apply the principles of reliability theory to create a mathematical model of senescence. The theory was published in Russian by Leonid A. Gavrilov and Natalia S. Gavrilova as Biologiia prodolzhitelʹnosti zhizni in 1986, and in English translation as The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach in 1991.
One of the models suggested in the book is based on an analogy with the reliability theory. The underlying hypothesis is based on the previously suggested premise that humans are born in a highly defective state. This is then made worse by environmental and mutational damage; exceptionally high redundancy due to the extremely high number of low-reliable components (e.g.., cells) allows the organism to survive for a while.
The theory suggests an explanation of two aging phenomena for higher organisms: the Gompertz law of exponential increase in mortality rates with age and the "late-life mortality plateau" (mortality deceleration compared to the Gompertz law at higher ages).
The book criticizes a number of hypotheses known at the time, discusses drawbacks of the hypotheses put forth by the authors themselves, and concludes that regardless of the suggested mathematical models, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown.
See also
• DNA damage theory of aging
References
Systems theory
Reliability engineering
Failure
Survival analysis
Theories of biological ageing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability%20theory%20of%20aging%20and%20longevity |
Erndtebrück is a municipality in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Location
Erndtebrück situated on the river Eder in the Rothaargebirge, approx. 20 km northeast of Siegen.
Neighbouring communities
Erndtebrück borders on Netphen, the communities of Hilchenbach, Bad Berleburg, Bad Laasphe and Kirchhundem in the district of Olpe, and Schmallenberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis.
Constituent communities
Balde
Benfe
Birkefehl
Birkelbach
Röspe
Schameder
Womelsdorf
Zinse
History
Erndtebrück had its first documentary mention in 1256, celebrating 750 years of existence in 2006. The village was first known by the name Ermingardibruggern, and was the seat of a knightly family, and later a customs office with market rights.
Politics
Municipal council
The council's 22 seats are apportioned thus, in accordance with municipal elections held on 30 August 2009:
SPD 7 seats
CDU 7 seats
FDP 5 seats
UWG 3 seats
Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition.
Mayor
2004–2015: Karl-Ludwig Völkel (SPD)
2015–incumbent: Henning Gronau (SPD)
Coat of arms
Erndtebrück's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: Party per fess, above in azure a bridge Or, below in argent two pallets sable.
The community was granted these arms in 1958. The bridge in the chief is a canting symbol, referring to Erndtebrück's last syllable (Brücke is "bridge" in German), but also to an actual bridge built over the river Eder at Erndtebrück in 1830. Below in the shield are the arms of the Counts of Wittgenstein.
Town partnerships
Bergues, France, since 1973
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The community is connected to its neighbours by Federal Highways (Bundesstraßen) 62 and 480. Furthermore, trains run on the Rothaar Railway to both Siegen and Bad Berleburg, and on the Upper Lahn Valley (Obere Lahntalbahn) to Marburg. Until 1944, there was also a rail connection to Altenhundem with the Erndtebrück-Altenhundem line, but this came to an end late in the Second World War as retreating German Army units blew its bridges up. Some of the tunnels along the line are still preserved.
Public institutions
Erndtebrück is home to the German Air Force's Reserve Range of Command 2 (Einsatzführungsbereich 2), formerly 5th Teaching Group of Technical School 1 (V. Lehrgruppe der Technischen Schule 1), the Air Force's programming centre for air defence and a health squad to take care of the airmen.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the community
Wilhelm Busch (1861–1929), instrument builder and father of musicians and actors Fritz, Adolf, Willi, Hermann and Heinrich Busch.
References
External links
Erndtebrück
Photos of Erndtebrück's 750-year celebration (historical market, festive procession, closing fireworks)
Schameder
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Rothaar Mountains
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Installations of the German Air Force | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erndtebr%C3%BCck |
The Municipality of Baie-James () was a municipality in northern Quebec, Canada, which existed from 1971 to 2012. Located to the east of James Bay, Baie-James covered of land, making it the largest incorporated municipality in Canada — only eight unorganized territories were larger. Its territory almost entirely (about 98%) covered the administrative region of Jamésie, although it contained less than five percent of the population. Essentially, it was the remainder of the Jamésie Territory's land after all of the major population centres were removed.
On July 24, 2012, the Quebec government signed an accord with the Cree that would result in the abolition of Baie-James and the creation of a regional government known as Eeyou Istchee James Bay Territory.
The hydroelectric power plants of the La Grande Complex were all located within the municipal boundaries of Baie-James, making the municipality strategically important to Quebec's energy policy. Other important economic sectors are mining, softwood logging, forestry, and tourism.
History
The municipality was created in 1971 and was run by the board of directors of the Société de développement de la Baie James. It managed the territory of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement between the 49th and 55th parallel, with the exception of the Cree Category 1 lands and the enclaves of Chapais, Chibougamau, Lebel-sur-Quévillon and Matagami.
In December 2001, the municipal council was reformed. It became a municipality of a special type directed by the mayors of the four enclave towns, as well as the chairpersons of the local community councils of Radisson, Valcanton and Villebois. An eighth seat is reserved for a representative coming from the non-urban territory. The municipality gained additional authority and can exert certain powers as a regional county.
Under the terms of the Agreement on Governance in the Eeyou Istchee James Bay Territory of July 24, 2012, the municipality ceased to exist and was replaced by a new regional government called Eeyou Istchee James Bay Territory.
Communities in Baie-James
Beaucanton
Desmaraisville
Joutel
Miquelon
Radisson - northernmost non-native town in Quebec.
Val-Paradis
Valcanton
Villebois
Demographics
Transportation
The primary roads to and within Baie-James are:
Route 109 - provincial highway to Matagami
Route 113 - provincial highway from Val-d'Or to Chibougamau
Route 393 - regional highway to Val-Paradis
James Bay Road - road from Matagami to Radisson
North Road
Trans-Taiga Road - access road to hydro-electric stations of the James Bay Project
Air transportation is through the La Grande Rivière Airport near Radisson, which provides scheduled air service to Montreal and Puvirnituq.
Geography
Nearby lakes include Lake Naococane.
References
External links
Website of the Eeyou Istchee James Bay Regional Government
Grand Council of the Crees
Cree Tourism
Municipality of Baie-James
Human Environment of the James Bay region (Detailed map of the James Bay region)
Map of Baie-James
Former municipalities in Quebec
James Bay
Populated places established in 1971
Populated places disestablished in 2012
1971 establishments in Quebec
2012 disestablishments in Quebec
de:Baie-James | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baie-James |
L Version 3.1 is a live album by Moe that was recorded at several shows from their fall 1999 tour. Former drummer Jim Loughlin returned to the band earlier in the year as a multi-instrumental utility man, adding to the drum work of Vinnie Amico.
Unlike L, L Version 3.1 was only available through the band's web site or at shows.
Track listing
Moth
Hi & Lo ->
Brent Black
All three tracks were recorded on 26 November 1999.
External links
Moe official website
Moe (band) live albums
2000 live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%20Version%203.1 |
Gary Wilson (born 1946) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1995.
Background
Wilson was born in Timmins, Ontario into a family of six children. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Laurentian University in 1969. He worked as a library technician at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He was an executive member of the Canadian Union of Public Employees and served as leader of the Kingston and District Labour Council. He also hosted a local television program, "Labour's Voice in the Community".
Politics
Wilson ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1987 provincial election, but finished about 6,600 votes behind Liberal incumbent Ken Keyes in the constituency of Kingston and the Islands.
The NDP won a majority government in the 1990 provincial election, and Wilson defeated Keyes by 2,092 votes in a rematch from 1987. He served as a parliamentary assistant to several ministers during his time in office.
The NDP were defeated in the 1995 provincial election, and Wilson finished third in a close three-way race against Progressive Conservative Sally Barnes and the winner, Liberal John Gerretsen. He later ran for the House of Commons of Canada as a candidate of the federal New Democratic Party in the elections of 1997 and 2000, but finished fourth on both occasions.
Later life
Wilson returned to his position as library technician following his defeat. He now works at the Lederman Law Library at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and has recently served as chair of the CUPE Local 1302.
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
Laurentian University alumni
Ontario New Democratic Party MPPs
People from Timmins
Politicians from Kingston, Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Wilson%20%28politician%29 |
There are several comets named Schwassmann–Wachmann, the discovery of which is co-credited to German astronomers Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Arthur Wachmann:
29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann (29P/1927 V1, Schwassmann–Wachmann 1)
31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann (31P/1929 B1, Schwassmann–Wachmann 2)
73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann (73P/1930 J1, Schwassmann–Wachmann 3) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann |
Professor Chacha Nyaigotti-Chacha (born 22nd August 1952 in Kuria District, Nyanza Province, Kenya) is a Kenyan playwright and consummate educationalist. He has served as an executive secretary of the Inter-University Council for East Africa (2000–2010), and was the first CEO of the Kenyan Higher Education Loans Board (1995–2000). He is currently serving as the Chairman of the Kenyan Commission for University Education (CUE).
He was educated at Kenyatta College, receiving a BEd (Honours) (Swahili Language), and later studied at Yale University, gaining an MA in Anthropological Linguistics and a Ph.D. in Swahili Language Linguistics. He has been a Tutorial Fellow and Lecturer in Swahili Language and Linguistics at Kenyatta University and later Egerton University in Kenya. He was a Research Professor at the Institute of Regional Integration and Development of the Catholic University of East Africa.
Merits
2004 Awarded the Order of the Grand Warrior (OGW) Medal (Kenya).
1994 Awarded Head of State Commendation (HSC) Medal (Kenya) for
Distinguished Service.
Bibliography
Ushairi wa Abdilatif Abdalla: Sautiya Utetezi, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Dar es Salaam University Press (DUP), 1992. (Protest Theme in Swahili Poetry).
Traditional Medicine in Africa, Edited by Sindiga, Isaac, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C. and Kanunah, M. P., East African Educational Publishers, 1995.
Mke Mwenza, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., East Africa Education Publishers, 1997, (A Swahili storybook)
Wingu Jeusi, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 1987,
Hukumu, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Longman Kenya, 1992, /
Marejeo, Kenya Lit. Bureau, 1986
Other works
The position of Kiswahili in Kenya, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., University of Nairobi, Institute of African Studies, 1981
African Universities in the Twenty-first Century, Edited by Paul Tiyambe Zeleza Adebayo Olukoshi, Chapter 5: Public Universities, Private Funding: The Challenges in East Africa, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 2005
REFORMING HIGHER EDUCATION IN KENYA CHALLENGES, LESSONS AND OPPORTUNITIES, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Kenya August 2004
External links
Academics streaming out of Africa
Learning difficulties in Africa
Living people
Kenyan writers
1952 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacha%20Nyaigotti-Chacha |
Garry J. "Flea" Wilson (born 17 July 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Background
Wilson, during his playing days, was described by The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers as having "limitless courage" as a wispy rover, with a playing weight of only 64 kg. He played wearing a headguard after several concussions. Many considered him one of the most technically gifted players ever to play the game, and he was renowned for his hard training ethic.
Debuting in 1971 with the Fitzroy Football Club, Wilson came from Preston Swimmers and forged a successful career, winning best and fairest awards with the Lions in 1972, 1976, 1978, 1979 and 1980. He finished third in the Brownlow Medal count of 1978. Always amongst the Brownlow votes, his best season was 1979, when he finished just one vote behind the eventual winner, when all the Melbourne newspapers had him far out in front of their own polls. Wilson became captain in 1982. He finished with 268 games to his name after retiring in 1984.
Some of Garry Wilson's finest performances came in the interstate arena. He represented Victoria 12 times, being awarded consecutive All-Australian blazers in 1979 and 1980.
Wilson was named as the vice-captain in Fitzroy's Team of the Century, on the half-forward line.
In 1999 Wilson was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.
References
External links
AFL Hall of Fame - Players
1953 births
All-Australians (1953–1988)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Mitchell Medal winners
Fitzroy Football Club players
Living people
Victorian State of Origin players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20Wilson |
Vinkenkade is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, about 5 km northeast of Vinkeveen. Vinkenkade consists of a single road, parallel to the A2 highway Amsterdam-Utrecht. The road is situated on a quay ("kade" in Dutch), which forms the northeast shore of the lake area Vinkeveensche Plassen.
It was first mentioned between 1839 and 1859 as "De Vinkenkade of Groenland", and means "quay with inferior peat". Vinkenkade is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Vinkeveen. Vinkenkade has no place name signs, and consists of about 120 houses and about 310 holiday homes.
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
De Ronde Venen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinkenkade |
Dynamic asset allocation is a strategy used by investment products such as hedge funds, mutual funds, credit derivatives, index funds, principal protected notes (also known as guaranteed linked notes) and other structured investment products to achieve exposure to various investment opportunities and provide 100% principal protection.
Dynamic asset allocation includes CPPI, which consists of a guarantee, notionally related to a zero-coupon bond and an underlying investment. Assets are dynamically shifted (or allocated) between these two components depending largely on the performance of the underlying investments.
In some cases, certain products can use a borrowing facility to enhance exposure if the underlying investments experience strong returns. If the underlying investments decline in value, CPPI automatically deleverages, reducing exposure in falling markets.
The term 'Dynamic Asset Allocation' (DAA) can also refer to an investment strategy that seeks to produce high total returns irrespective of the performance of market indices using the tools of Tactical asset allocation/Global tactical asset allocation (TAA/GTAA) around a strategic benchmark.
Indeed, many investment firms and commentators use the terms TAA, DAA, and GTAA interchangeably.
In the arena of institutional asset management DAA mandates tend to have absolute return targets that are not related to market index returns (e.g. USD LIBOR + 500), while TAA mandates will tend to have performance targets that reference market indices (e.g. 50% S&P 500/ 50% Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index + 200).
References
See also
Tactical asset allocation
Global tactical asset allocation
Constant proportion portfolio insurance
Hedge funds
Mutual fund
Credit derivative
Index fund
Principal protected note
Structured investment products
Zero-coupon bond
Dynamic Asset Allocation
Dynamic Asset Allocation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20asset%20allocation |
Erwitte () is a town in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Erwitte is situated approximately 8 km south of Lippstadt and 15 km east of Soest.
Neighbouring municipalities
Lippstadt
Geseke
Rüthen
Anröchte
Bad Sassendorf
Division of the town
After the local government reforms of 1975 Erwitte consists of 15 districts:
Erwitte (6510 inhabitants)
Eikeloh (518 inhabitants)
Merklinghausen/Wiggeringhausen (179 inhabitants)
Horn-Millinghausen (894 inhabitants)
Berenbrock (309 inhabitants)
Seringhausen (65 inhabitants)
Stirpe (1079 inhabitants)
Ebbinghausen (201 inhabitants)
Böckum (209 inhabitants)
Völlinghausen (811 inhabitants)
Schallern (291 inhabitants)
Norddorf (159 inhabitants)
Schmerlecke (732 inhabitants)
Weckinghausen (67 inhabitants)
Bad Westernkotten (4097 inhabitants)
International relations
Erwitte is twinned with:
Aken (Germany)
History
Officially the town of Erwitte is mentioned in the year 836 for the first time and the medieval architecture can still be seen in the town center.
Industry
Erwitte is home to a thriving cement industry which, together with the heating valve company Heimeier, make up the largest companies in the area.
Sons and daughters of the town
Charles Nordhoff (1830–1901), American journalist and author, was born in Erwitte
Friedrich Blumenröhr (born 1936), jurist, former chairman at the Federal Court
Ulrich Cyran (born 1956), actor and lecturer
Christof Rasche (born 1962), politician (FDP)
Wolfgang Schäfers (born 1965), owner of the chair for real estate management at the University of Regensburg
People who are connected to the place
Jodocus Boget († 1630), Erwitt pastor, burned for witchcraft on the pyre
Heinrich Gersmeier (nickname: Schäfer Heinrich) (born 1966), farmer and singer from Völlinghausen
References
External links
Official site
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwitte |
Alberto Burri (12 March 191513 February 1995; ) was an Italian visual artist, painter, sculptor, and physician based in Città di Castello. He is associated with the matterism of the European informal art movement and described his style as a polymaterialist. He had connections with Lucio Fontana's spatialism and, with Antoni Tàpies, an influence on the revival of the art of post-war assembly in America (Robert Rauschenberg) as in Europe.
Life
In the “Overrated and Underrated” column published by the American art magazine ARTnews, Alberto Burri's name is often mentioned. Carolyn-Christov-Bakargiev mentioning him in the January 2005 issue for example.
Alberto Burri was born on 12 March 1915 in Città di Castello, in Umbria to Pietro Burri, a tuscan wine merchant, and Carolina Torreggiani, an umbrian elementary school teacher. In 1935, Burri attended a government High school in Arezzo living as a boarder in a pension, and as his school reports noted, he studied Classics on a private school in Città di Castello. On his return from North Africa, Burri and his younger brother Vittorio were enrolled in the medical school in Perugia, and following his African adventure, Burri decided he wanted to specialize in tropical diseases. Burri graduated from medical school in 1940, and on 12 October that year, two days after Italy's entrance into World War II, with an precocious voluntary experience in the Italo-Ethiopian War, was then recalled into military service, and sent to Libya as a combat medic. Army records show that within 20 days of this order, Burri received a temporary discharge to allow him to complete his medical internship and gain the diploma to qualify as a medical doctor. Burri claimed he studied art history, because he wanted to be able to understand the works of art that surrounded him. He also studied Greek, a language in which he became proficient, and later in life was able to read and enjoy Classical Greek literature. On 8 May 1943 the unit he was part of was captured by the British in Tunisia and was later turned over to the Americans and transferred to Hereford, Texas in a prisoner-of-war camp housing around 3000 Italian officers, where he began painting. After his liberation in 1946, he moved to Rome and devoted himself exclusively to painting; his first solo exhibition took place at the La Margherita Gallery in 1947. He then exhibited at the Marlborough Gallery in New York and at the Gallery de France in Paris.
Prevented from practicing his medical profession, Burri had the opportunity of choosing a leisure activity thanks to the YMCA Association. Using the limited amount of materials available in the camp he took on the activity of painting, at the age of almost 30 and without any kind of academic reference. Meanwhile, the tragic death of his younger brother Vittorio on the Russian front in 1943 had a strong impact on him. Shutting himself off from the rest of the world, and depicting figurative subjects on thick chromatic marks, he progressively realized the desire of abandoning the medical profession, in favor of painting.
Paintings
From abstraction to matter
Once Burri returned to Italy on 27 February 1946, his decision collided with the severe post–World War II recession and his parents' dissatisfaction. He moved to Rome as a guest of the violinist and composer Annibale Bucchi, his mother's cousin, who encouraged his activity as a painter.
While in Rome, he had the chance of establishing a contact with the few but very active institutions dedicated to painting, which were creating a new platform for visual arts after the war.
He remained a reserved artist, ceaselessly working and creating, initially in a small studio in Via Margutta but frequently moving out. As a matter of fact, Milton Gendel – an American journalist who visited Burri's studio in 1954 –, later reported: "The studio is thick-walled, whitewashed, neat and ascetic; his work is 'blood and flesh', reddened torn fabric that seems to parallel the staunching of wounds that Burri experienced in wartime.”
Burri's first solo figurative artworks exhibition took place on 10 July 1947 at the gallery-cum-bookshop La Margherita, in Rome, presented by the poets Leonardo Sinisgalli and Libero De Libero. However, Burri's artistic production flowed definitively into abstract forms before the end of the same year, the use of small format tempera resulting from the influence of such artists as Jean Dubuffet and Joan Miró, whose studio was visited by Burri during a trip to Paris in the winter of 1948.
Tars, Molds, Hunchbacks
Burri's artistic research became personal in short time, between 1948 and 1950 he began experimenting with using unusual, 'unorthodox' materials such as tar, sand, zinc, pumice, and Aluminium dust as well as Polyvinyl chloride glue, this last material being elevated to the same importance as oil colors. During this artistic transition, the painter showed his sensitivity to the mixed-media type of abstraction of Enrico Prampolini, a central figure in Italian Abstract art. Nonetheless Burri went one step further in his Catrami (Tars), presenting tar not as a simple collage material, but as an actual color which – by way of different lucid and opaque shades in monochrome black–, blended itself with the totality of the painting.
His 1948 "Nero 1" (Black 1) was later taken by the artist as initial milestone of his painting and established the prevalence of the black monochrome, which will be maintained as close identity throughout his career, alongside white, since Bianchi (Whites) 1949–50 series, and red.
The following series of Muffe (Molds) literally presented the spontaneous reactions of the materials employed, enabling matter to 'come to life' in drippings and concretions which reproduced the effects and appearance of real mold. In some artworks of the same period which he called Gobbi (Hunchbacks), Burri focused on the painting's spatial interaction, achieving another original outcome due to the incorporation of tree branches on the rear of the canvas which pushed two-dimensionality towards Three-dimensional space.
In 1949 the critic Christian Zervos published the photo of a Catrame (exhibited in Paris the previous year) in the renowned Cahiers d'art.
Despite Burri's affinity with informalism and his friendship with Ettore Colla, which brought Alberto close to the Gruppo Origine (established and disbanded in 1951 by Colla himself, Mario Balocco and Giuseppe Capogrossi), the painter's artistic research appeared more and more solitary and independent.
Sacchi and the American emergence
Starting in 1952 Burri achieved a strong, personal characterization with the Sacchi (Sacks), artworks directly obtained from jute fabric widely distributed by the Marshall Plan: color almost entirely disappeared, leaving space for the surface material so that painting coincide with its matter in its total autonomy, as it was no more separation between painting surface and its form.
The formal artistic elegance and the spatial balances obtained through aeroform steams, craters, rips, overlapping color layers and different forms, differentiated Burri's art, founded on attentive reflections and precise calculations, from the impulsive gestures that characterized Action painting during the same period.
Burri offered an initial view of these peculiar elements in 1949, with SZ1 (acronym for Sacco di Zucchero 1 meaning Sack of Sugar, 1): the presence of a portion of the american flag contained in the artwork anticipated the use of the same subject made by pop art. In Burri's case, however, there were no social or symbolic implications, the painting's formal and chromatic balance being the only real focus.
Censorship and success
Burri's Sacchi did not win the public's understanding and were instead considered as extremely far from the notion of art. In 1952, year of his first participation at the Venice Biennale exhibition, the Sacks titled Lo Strappo (The Rip) and Rattoppo (Patch) were rejected.
Again, in 1959 a point of order of the Italian Parliament asked for the removal of one of the painter's works from the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome.
Burri's work received a different and positive consideration in 1953, when James Johnson Sweeney (director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum) discovered Burri's paintings at the Obelisco Gallery in Rome, and subsequently introduced the artist's work to the United States, in a collective exhibition representative of the new European artistic tendencies. This encounter subsequently led to a life-long friendship with Sweeney becoming an active a proponent of Burri's art in leading American Museums and writing the very first monograph about the artist in 1955.
During the same year Robert Rauschenberg visited the painter's studio two times: despite the linguistic differences between the two artists prevented them to talking to each other, Rauschenberg's visits provided substantial input for the creation of his Combine Paintings.
Burri's strong relationship with the United States became official when he met Minsa Craig (1928–2003), an American ballet dancer (student of Martha Graham) and choreographer whom he married on 15 May 1955 in Westport, Connecticut. They stuck together through thick and thin, for the rest of their lives.
Adoption of fire
After a few sporadic attempts, in 1953–54 Burri conducted a carefully planned experimentation with fire, through small combustions on paper, which served as illustrations for a book of poems by Emilio Villa. The poet was one of the first to understand the painter's revolutionary artistic potential, writing about it since 1951 and working with him to artist's books. He later recalled a common visit to an oil field (for a 1955 reportage for the magazine "Civiltà delle Macchine") as a strong influence for the artist's interest on the use of fire.
Combustions, Woods, Irons, Plastics
The procedure adopted for the Combustioni (Combustions) passed from paper to the Legni (Woods) around 1957, in thin sheets of wood veneer fastened to canvas and other supports.
In the same period Burri was also working on the Ferri (Irons), creations made out of metal sheets cut, and welded by Blow torch, to aim the general balance of the elements. The best known application of this procedure was reached in the Plastiche (Plastics) during the Sixties, when a gradual critic openness towards Burri's art showed up in Italy as well.
The blowtorch was only apparently a destructive device. Indeed, the craters modeled by the flame on cellophane, black, red or transparent plastic or on the Bianchi Plastica (White Plastic) series, in which the transparent plastic is laid on a white or black support, were lightly directed by the painter's blowing. The balances of the matter were thus highlighted once again, in a sort of 'defiance' towards of flame's randomness on the one hand, and in a sort of attempt to 'dominate chance', intrinsic to Burri's philosophy, on the other.
From Cretto to Cellotex
From 1963 on, Burri and his wife started spending their winters in Los Angeles. The painter progressively detached himself from the city's artistic community, deeply focusing on his own work. During his recurrent trips to Death Valley National Park, the artist found in the natural cracking of the desert the visual spur which led him, starting from 1973, to create Cretti (Cracks) developing the use of the crackled paint effect of his 1940's artworks.
Employing a special mixture of kaolin, resins and pigment, the painter dried its surface with the heat of an oven. Burri arrested the heating process at the desired moment using a PVA glue layer, thus obtaining greater and lesser cracking effects, which were always balanced thanks to the painter's extensive knowledge of chemistry.
Grande Cretto at Gibellina
Burri reproduced the procedure used for the Cretti, either black or white, also in sculpture, on large extensions in the University of California, Los Angeles and Naples (Museo di Capodimonte) Grandi Cretti (Large Cracks) made of baked clay (both 49 x 16) and, most importantly, in the vast cement covering of the Cretto di Burri at Gibellina, upon the ruins of the old small Sicilian town destroyed by the 1968 earthquake. Began in 1984 and interrupted in 1989, the work was completed in 2015, for the artist's centenary of birth. It is one of the largest works of art ever realized, extending over an area of approximately 85,000 square meters. Its white concrete covering expands over the town, following the old street map in long arterial roads and corridors, which are walkable, thus symbolically bringing the devastated town back to life.
Cellotex and the large cycles of paintings
During the Seventies Burri's art saw a gradual transition towards wider dimensions, while retrospectives followed one another around the world. The great solo exhibition crossing the United States in 1977–78 and ending at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York is one example.
In the 1979 cycle of paintings called Il Viaggio (The Journey) Burri retraced, through ten monumental compositions, the key moments of his artistic production.
The privileged material during this phase is Celotex (the author added an l to its name), an industrial mixture of wood production scraps and adhesives, very often used in the making of insulating boards. Up to then, the painter had used this material in his previous works since the early 1950s as a support for his acetate and acrylic works.
After that Cellotex was used for cyclical series conceived as polyptych on a dominant and clear geometrical structure, through extremely thin scratched shades or juxtapositions of smooth and rough portions like Orsanmichele (1981), or in black monochromes variations like Annottarsi (Up to Nite, 1985), as well as in multicolored forms like Sestante (Sextant, 1983) or the homage to the gold of Ravenna mosaics in his last Nero e Oro (Black and Gold) series.
Sculpture and set design
Burri's entire artistic production was conceived by the author as an inseparable whole of form and space, both in painting and in sculpture. An example is the recurrent motif of the archivolt, viewed in its plain form in painting and in perspective in such iron sculptures as Teatro Scultura – a work presented at 1984 Venice Biennale –, and in the 1972 Ogive series in ceramics.
The strong continuity of Burri's sculptural works with his paintings can also be seen in the Los Angeles UCLA and Naples Capodimonte ceramic Grandi Cretti (with the help of the long collaborator ceramist Massimo Baldelli), or in the Grande Ferro (Large Iron) exhibited in Perugia on the occasion of the 1980 meeting between the artist and Joseph Beuys.
The Large Cretto at Gibellina doesn't properly fall under the category of land art, but it has features combining architecture, sculpture and space. Other sculptures on iron are permanently held in Città di Castello museums, Ravenna, Celle (Pistoia), Perugia and Milan, where the rotating wings of the Teatro Continuo (Continuous Theatre) is both real scenic space and sculpture, employing the Sforza Castle park as natural backcloth.
Theatre sets
Theater had a privileged role in Burri's artistic production. Though in isolated interventions, the painter worked in the fields of prose, ballet and opera. In 1963 Burri designed the sets for Spirituals, Morton Gould's ballet at La Scala, in Milan. The painter's Plastiche emphasized the dramatic force of such plays as the 1969 Ignazio Silone stage adaptation in San Miniato (Pisa) and Tristan and Iseult, performed in 1975 at the Teatro Regio in Turin.
In 1973 Burri designed sets and costumes for November Steps, conceived by his wife Minsa Craig, with a score by Toru Takemitsu. The ballet was interacting with an early example of visual art by a film clip depicting how the Cretti progressively came into being.
Graphic work
Burri never considered graphic art of secondary importance to painting. He participated intensively in the experimentation of new printing techniques as the 1965 reproduction of the Combustioni – in which the husband and wife team of Valter and Eleonora Rossi perfectly succeeded in mimicking the effect of burning on paper –, or the irregular Cretti cavities (1971) with the same printers.
Further innovative developments can be found in the silk screens Sestante (1987–89) – with the help of Burri's old friend and collaborator Nuvolo – to the Mixoblack series (1988), created with the Los Angeles print workshop Mixografia using marble dust and sand to create printing surfaces with certain textural three-dimensional effects.
A telling fact is that Burri used the money from the Feltrinelli Prize for graphics – awarded to him in 1973 by the Accademia dei Lincei – to promote and support the restoration of Luca Signorelli's frescos in the small oratory of San Crescentino, only few kilometers far from Burri's country house in Città di Castello; a further example of how modern and contemporary are mentally close in Burri's art.
Legacy
Alberto Burri died childless on 13 February 1995 in Nice, in the French Riviera, where he had moved for the ease of living and because of a pulmonary emphysema.
Just before his death, the painter was awarded the Legion of Honour and the title Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, besides being named an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. His graphic series Oro e Nero (Gold and Black), was donated by the artist among others at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence 1994, by which time he was already beginning to be considered more of a 'classical' than a 'contemporary' artist.
Alberto Burri's art captured the interest of many contemporary artist colleagues, from Lucio Fontana and Giorgio Morandi to Jannis Kounellis, Michelangelo Pistoletto and Anselm Kiefer, who recognized Burri's greatness – and, in some cases, influence – time and time again.
Foundation and the museums
In accordance with the painter's will, the Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini was established in Città di Castello in 1978, in order to copyright Burri's own work. The first museum collection, inaugurated in 1981, is the one situated inside the Albizzini Renaissance apartment building. The 15th century Patrician house, belonged to the patrons of Raphael's Wedding of the Virgin, was refurbished by the architects Alberto Zanmatti and Tiziano Sarteanesi in accordance with Burri's own plans.
The second collection is that of the Città di Castello former tobacco drying sheds, an industrial structure gradually abandoned during the 1960s and inaugurated in 1990, expanding over an area of 11,500 square meters. At present, the structure features the totality of large cycles of painting by the artist, monumental sculptures and, from March 2017 on, the painter's entire graphic production.
The structure's black exterior and the particular space adaptations represent one last attempt by Burri to create a total work of art, in continuity with the idea of formal and psychological balance he constantly pursued.
Critical appraisal
Alberto Burri is recognized as a radical innovator of the second half of the twentieth century, as a precursor of the solutions found by such artistic movements as Arte Povera, Neo-Dada, Nouveau réalisme, Postminimalism and process art, leaving open many critical interpretations and methodological interpretations of his work.
In his 1963 monograph, Cesare Brandi highlighted the essentialness of Burri's painting and his rejection of both decorative detail and the historical avant-gardes' (e.g. Futurism) provocations, favoring a new approach through an 'unpainted painting' concept.
On the other hand, Enrico Crispolti interpreted Burri's employment of material from an existential point of view – as James Johnson Sweeney similarly had in the very first monograph on Burri published in 1955 – implying a criticism towards a certain post-war ethical drift.
Pierre Restany considered him as a "special case" in the Minimalism history, having been "the monumental outsider and genial precursor at the same time". Maurizio Calvesi adopted a psychoanalytic reading during the years, finding "ethical values" in his art, identifying at the same time the Renaissance origins of Burri's homeland: Piero della Francesca would have inspired in Burri the sense of space and solemnity of the masses which the painter then transferred on the combusted woods or the worn-out sacks.
More recently, Burri's position has been reevaluated thanks to the 2015 major retrospective exhibition Alberto Burri: The Trauma of Painting curated by Emily Braun for the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and to the 2016 collective exhibition Burri Lo spazio di Materia tra Europa e USA edited by the current Foundation chairman Bruno Corà, which foregrounded the radical change in traditional Western painting and modern collage brought about by Burri, while also focusing on his 'psychological' recovery of classical painting's formal balances alive.
Among the many historical readings, Giulio Carlo Argan's judgment (written in the 1960 Venice Biennale catalogue) remains emblematic: "For Burri we must speak for an overturned Trompe-l'œil, because it is no more painting to simulate reality, but it is reality to simulate painting."
Exhibitions
Burri's career began in Rome with a first solo exhibition in 1947 at La Margherita bookshop, owned by Irene Brin, where he presented his first abstract works the following year. Brin and her husband, Gaspero del Corso founded the Obelisco Gallery, the first art gallery to open in Postwar Rome, featuring the 1952 solo exhibition Muffe e Neri (Molds and Blacks) and the first Combustions in 1957. The Burri's first exhibition with the Sacchi was presented by the poet Emilio Villa at the Origine Foundation in 1952, in confirmation of his increasingly original production. The Ferri (Irons) were held at Galleria Blu in Milan.
From 1953 on, Burri regularly exhibited his works in the United States, at the Allan Frumkin Gallery (Chicago), the Stable Gallery and the Martha Jackson Gallery in New York. In the same year, the director and curator of Guggenheim Museum James Johnson Sweeney included Burri in the landmark exhibition Younger European Painters: A Selection bringing his work to focus in the international community.
Burri's initially seesawing relationship with the Venice Biennale marked its turning point in 1960, when he was offered his first solo area by Giulio Carlo Argan. In 1962 Cesare Brandi presented the Plastiche at the Marlborough Fine Art in Rome. The first anthological retrospectives were held around this time and in the following decade, as the solo exhibitions at the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris (1972), the one in Francis of Assisi Sacred Convent (1975) and the great traveling exhibit which started at the UCLA's Frederick S. Wight Gallery in Los Angeles, moved to the Marion Koogler McNay Art Institute in San Antonio (Texas) and ended in 1978 at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
From 1979 on, the Large Cycles of paintings on Cellotex dominated Burri's entire subsequent production, which was conceived for big spaces such as cathedrals (like the 1981 Cycle in Florence titled Gli Orti) or former industrial complexes, like the Giudecca Isle's ex-boatyards in Venice, where he exhibited the chromatic series Sestante. In 1994, Burri presented the cycle titled Burri The Athens Polyptych. Architecture with Cactus for the exhibit curated by Giuliano Serfafini at the National Gallery (Athens), and then at the Italian Institute of Culture in Madrid (1995).
The 1996 posthumous anthological exhibition at Palazzo delle Esposizioni (Rome) was successfully repeated at Lenbachhaus (Munich) and at the Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels. In 2015–16 the major retrospective exhibition The Trauma of Painting organized by Emily Braun at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York (later at the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf in 2016) received much international attention to the painter's art.
At the conclusion of the centenary of Alberto Burri's birth, the exhibition titled Burri Lo spazio di materia tra Europa e USA curated by Bruno Corà established a comparison between the epigones of 20th century material art. The exhibit was held in Città di Castello, in the exhibition space of the former tobacco drying sheds which, since 2017, house the painter's graphic collection.
Art market
At a Sotheby's London sale of works from a private collection in the north of Italy, Burri’s Combustione legno (1957) was auctioned for 3.2 million in 2011. On 11 February 2014 Christie's established the artist's record with the work Combustione Plastica, sold for £4,674,500 (estimate range of £600,000 to £800,000). The work (signed and dated on the back) in plastic, acrylic and combustion (4 ft x 5 ft) was made between 1960 and 1961.
The artist's record was established in 2016 in London when, during the evening dedicated by Sotheby's to the 1959 contemporary Sacco e Rosso, the artwork was sold for over £9 million, thus doubling the previous record.
Tributes
Alberto Burri's art has inspired many Italian directors, among which Michelangelo Antonioni, who drew inspiration from the painter's material research for his 1964 Red Desert.
Composer Salvatore Sciarrino wrote an homage to commemorate the painter's passing in 1995, commissioned by Città di Castello's Festival delle Nazioni. For the same festival the former tobacco drying sheds became the setting of a composition by Alvin Curran in 2002.
The Large Cretto at Gibellina has functioned several times as a set for the Orestiadi Festival and as set for a 2015 performance by artists Giancarlo Neri and Robert Del Naja (Massive Attack). The 1973 ballet November Steps, with Burri's sets and costumes, was proposed again in 2015 by the Guggenheim Museum, New York. In 2016 choreographer Virgilio Sieni created the work Quintetti sul Nero, inspired by the Umbrian master. In 2017 John Densmore (The Doors) performed in front of the Grande Nero Cretto (Large Black Crack) at UCLA, Los Angeles during the event Burri Prometheia.
Throughout the years, fashion designers have drawn inspiration from Burri, from Roberto Capucci, with his 1969 item of clothing Omaggio a Burri which has asymmetric features recreating the Cretti effects, up to Laura Biagiotti for her (last) 2017 collection.
In 1987 Burri created the official 1990 FIFA World Cup posters. The Umbria Jazz Festival used the Sestante series for the 2015 edition poster, celebrating the artist's centenary of birth.
Documentaries
1960 Carandente, Giovanni. Burri, Rome
1974 Simongini, Franco. Brandi, Cesare. Alberto Burri: l'avventura della ricerca (RAI/TV)
1976 Quilici, Folco. Brandi, Cesare. L'Italia vista dal cielo. Umbria (Esso)
1995 Rubini, Rubino. Burri (P.P.M., Rome)
2011 Gambino, Davide. Guarneri, Dario. Alberto Burri, La vita nell'arte (Centro sperimentale di Cinematografia sezione documentario Sicilia)
2015 Severi, Luca. Alberto Burri e Piero della Francesca le due rivoluzioni (Zen Europe/Sky)
2015 Noordkamp, Petra. Il Grande Cretto di Gibellina (Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation)
2015 Valeri, Stefano. Alberto Burri Il tempo dell'arte (Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini Collezione Burri)
2016 Moneta, Matteo. Alberto Burri e la sua città (3D Produzioni/ Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini Collezione Burri)
2017 Sterparelli, Giuseppe. VARIAZIONI: a visual polyphony
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
Braun, Emily, with Fontanella, Megan, & Stringari, Carol (2015). Alberto Burri: The Trauma of Painting. New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications.
Carandente, Giovanni (2007). "Burri: Memories of a Friendship 1948–1988", in Palumbo (Piero), Burri. Una vita. Milan: Electa. 2007, pp. 176–183.
Melandri, Luisa, with Duncan, Michael (2010). Combustione, Alberto Burri and America. Los Angeles: Santa Monica Museum of Art. Exhibition catalogue.
Tolomeo, Maria Grazia, & Christov-Bakargiev, Carolyn (1997). Burri Retrospektiv 1915–1995. Milan: Electa. Exhibition catalogue.
Trucchi, Lorenza (2007). "Nobilis et Humilis" in Palumbo (Piero), Burri. Una vita'', Electa, Milan, 2007, pp. 184–185.
External links
Fondazione Palazzo Albizzini "Collezione Burri", with photographs of works
Solomon R. Gugghenheim Museum New York Alberto Burri The Trauma of Painting exhibition page (2015–16)
Trailer Alberto Burri and Piero della Francesca: the Two Revolutions documentary by Luca Severi (2015)
Abstract painters
Art Informel and Tachisme painters
1915 births
1995 deaths
Umbrian painters
University of Perugia alumni
20th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian contemporary artists
People from Città di Castello
20th-century Italian sculptors
20th-century Italian male artists
Italian male sculptors
20th-century Italian physicians
Italian abstract artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Burri |
Geseke () is a town in the administrative district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Geseke is situated approximately 12 km south-east of Lippstadt and 20 km south-west of Paderborn. The city is located at the Hellweg and B1. Further south in Steinhausen is the motorway that leads to the A44 (Dortmund-Kassel). In Ahden in Paderborn administrative district is the Paderborn / Lippstadt Airport. The town has his own railway station which lies next to the Edeka and the Aldi market. From Geseke, there's a connection to other cities including Paderborn and Lippstadt. The Ems-Börde-Bahn from the Eurobahn which is part of the Keolis Gruppe runs from Münster via Hamm, Soest, Lippstadt, Geseke to Paderborn and occasionally via Altenbecken, Warburg and Hofgeismar to Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe. In Soest you have an additionally connection to Dortmund via Werl and Unna. The RE1 (Regionalbahn 1) of the Deutsche Bahn ends or starts in Paderborn and runs via Lippstadt, Soest, Hamm, Dortmund, Essen, Düsseldorf and Cologne to Aachen. This train doesn't stop at the Geseke station. In Paderborn you can also take the trains to Bielefeld. In bigger stations you also have the connections to ICs and ICEs.
Neighbouring municipalities
Büren
Erwitte
Lippstadt
Rüthen
Salzkotten
Division of the town
After the local government reforms of 1975 Geseke consists of 8 boroughs:
Geseke (14.451 inhabitants)
Bönninghausen (105 inhabitants)
Ehringhausen (1.628 inhabitants)
Eringerfeld (494 inhabitants)
Ermsinghausen (70 inhabitants)
Langeneicke (1.174 inhabitants)
Mönninghausen (841 inhabitants)
(2.316 inhabitants)
Landmarks and Culture
Music
Geseke has many associations, music societies in particular. There is a shanty choir, a church choir (youth choir and adult choir), a Gospel choir and various school choirs. The youth choir of the church has already made several excursions (e.g. to Lübeck, Hamburg or Berlin). The auditorium of the high school is also used for music events.
Museums
Situated at the Hellweg, the city museum informs about the city's history and provides various facts about Geseke.
Monuments, churches and buildings
The Church of St. Peter (city church) that is located directly at the market square, the pedestrian zone and the city park. The church is not always open to the public; during the fairs, however, the opening hours are extended.
The Church of St. Cyriacus (Collegiate Church) is a pilgrimage church connected to the Virgin Mary.
Other churches are the Church of St. Mary, a relatively new church, and the monastery church of St. John the Baptist.
The Old Town Hall contains meeting rooms and the Catholic Library.
Squares and Parks
Near the town church and the center of the city you will find the city park. There you can sit on benches, walking and indulge in the café Troholte. The house was then Troholte a listed monument or actually just a shack. Now it has been used as a cafe. The park has a playground with various toys and a place where you can use solid sports equipment. Geseke also has a water wheel, which is close to the church. The Geseker pond is also close to this church. In the marketplace there is space for parking and a well. There is also the market place and an ice cream shop, and a bakery, a breakfast cafe and a pharmacy are within easy reach. In the shopping area you will find shoes and clothes, and the Noltenhof is not far from it. The Noltenhof is parking. Parking is free throughout Geseke. At Disconter Geseke still offers the Edeka, Aldi, Lidl, Netto and Penny. With the SB-market you can get games and movies, at Euronics however televisions and other electronic devices.
Events
The "Geseker Gösselkirmes" fair is being held on the first Thursday in May. This event is a fun fair with a colorful carousel, lottery booths and food stalls. There is also a parade in which the one sitting on the brightly painted wagons, go behind or simply watch. The school children who march along the way, get free tickets. Therefore, it is very crowded on Saturdays, since the move is the culmination of the event and the children get their free tickets. In addition to the rides and the parade there are still some open-air events.
At Pentecost, the citizens have their shooters shooting match. (Bürgerschützenfest)
On the first weekend in July, the Sebastianers shooters have their shooting match. (Sebastianer Schützenfest)
Lobetag first to find a fair held in the abbey church, then the "Sacred Heart of Jesus" once worn around the wall. There is a huge procession with acolytes, priests and citizens. At the roundabout on the "road Bürener" / B1 is briefly stopped and prayed. There are other points on which is prayed briefly.
It will also take another procession.
On the second weekend in June, the "Weinfest" (in English: Wine Festival). Here people can taste and buy wine.
In September, the "Hexenstadtfest" (in English: Witch City Festival). There are small stalls and food stalls and other attractions. Since it handet here to a festival, there are no rides, or just for the kids. Finally, it is not fair.
In December, the "Weihnachtsmarkt" (in English: Christmas market) is held. At that time he was on the market, now it is around the house Troholte (the city park) built at Christmas time.
There are regular pilgrimages in the collegiate church. (Maria Schuss - Mary shot)
Education
St. Mary's Primary School
Dr. Adenauer primary school
Alfred Delp primary school
Pancras Primary School in Störmede
Edith Stein full-time secondary school (Hauptschule in German)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer Secondary School (Realschule in German)
Secondary school Geseke (real and main school is summarized in a (secondary) school.) (Since the beginning of the school year 13/14 (2013))
high school Antonianum (Gymnasium in German)
School in Eringerfeld
Municipal Music School
International relations
Geseke is twinned with:
Loos, France - since 1978
Trivia
An episode of "Die Super-Nanny" was shot in Geseke (Störmede).
Notable people
Thomas Bertels (born 1986), German footballer
Ferdinand Fabra (1906–2007), German football coach
Josef Marx, called "Jupp" (1934–2008), German footballer, who was once in the year 1960 in the Germany national football team
Reinhard Cardinal Marx (born 1953), Archbishop of Munich and Freising and since March 2014 chairman of the German Bishops' Conference
Ingrid Mickler-Becker (born 1942), former German athlete and Olympic athlete
Dominic Peitz (born 1984), German footballer
Ludwig Schupmann (1851–1920), professor of architecture and designer of telescopes
References
External links
Official site
Origin/Ursprung (more than any 'Geseker' could know - English)
German Wikipedia Link for Geseke
Document indices from the Geseke Municipal Archive / Digital Westphalian Document Database (DWUD)
Interactive town plan
Deed of Otto I for Stift Geseke, 25.6.958,
Geseke im Kulturatlas Westfalen
Soest (district)
Members of the Hanseatic League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geseke |
The Sacramento Valley Railroad (SVRR) was incorporated on August 4, 1852, the first transit railroad company incorporated in California. Construction did not begin until February 1855 because of financial and right of way issues, and its first train operated on February 22, 1856. Although the oldest working railroad in the state was the Arcata and Mad River Railroad, first operational in December 15, 1854, the Sacramento Valley Railroad was the West's pioneering incorporated railroad, forerunner to the Central Pacific.
Original SVRR route
On August 4, 1852, the Sacramento Valley Railroad was incorporated in California, and Charles Lincoln Wilson became its first president. He left for New York to find expertise and private funds for the railroad effort; he recruited a young survey engineer Theodore D. Judah from New York to come west with him to Sacramento. Judah arrived in mid-May 1854, and on May 30 his report and preliminary survey for the proposed SVRR line eastward from Sacramento to Marysville by way of Folsom were in the hands of his employers.
Because of financial and right of way issues, construction with grading subcontractors did not begin until February 1855, but soon other problems arose. In August 1855, the SVRR board elected Commodore C. K. Garrison, former mayor (1853-1854) of San Francisco, as president of SVRR. They also elected as vice president of SVRR the future American Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman, who was at that time the head of the banking house of Lucas & Turner in San Francisco. William Sherman, contacted his brother John, who had recently been elected to Congress, for help in obtaining federal land grants for the railroad, but to no avail.
The board also in August 1855 announced that the actual laying of tracks can begin. The railroad's gauge was , wider than , and was laid with Welsh iron "pear" rail. Mastering the technique, the track laying crew were putting down six hundred feet of track daily.
The original plans for a line from Sacramento to Folsom and then to Marysville were not fully realized as the funding did not materialize. As constructed, the Sacramento Valley Railroad ran from the Sacramento River levee at Front and "L" Street in present-day Old Sacramento and terminated at Folsom. On February 22, 1856, the first train operated over the entire line.
Theodore Judah was the Chief Engineer of the Sacramento Valley Railroad. Judah would later become the Chief Engineer of the Central Pacific Railroad and the chief proponent of the first transcontinental railroad over the Sierra Nevada by way of Dutch Flat.
In August 1865, Central Pacific Railroad maneuvered its way to buy controlling interest in the management of Sacramento Valley, diverting the profitable over-mountain Washoe trade and travel, potentially worth several million dollars annually, to Central Pacific and leaving local trade and travel to Sacramento Valley. Thereafter, the gauge of its track and all its rolling stock was changed to correspond with the standard gauge of the Pacific Railroad.
On April 19, 1877, the Sacramento Valley Railroad was consolidated with the Folsom and Placerville Railroad to form the Sacramento and Placerville Railroad. In 1877 the Placerville and Sacramento Valley Railroad was also deeded to the Sacramento and Placerville Railroad. The new railroad operated over of track between Sacramento and Shingle Springs.
The railroad eventually came under the control of the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP); first under SP's subsidiary, the Northern Railway in 1888, and then ten years later under the SP on April 14, 1898.
The route as it exists now
Today much of the original route still exists and was the former Placerville Branch of the Southern Pacific. The Placerville Industrial Lead is used by Union Pacific Railroad and extends to the Aerojet facility just west of Folsom. The Sacramento RT Light Rail Gold Line parallels the route and uses the right of way between Sacramento and Folsom.
Most of SVRR's planned route was built by subsequent railroad companies after 1869. A notable historic section is still in operation today as Niles Canyon Railway that linked Sacramento to the San Francisco Bay Area through Niles, California.
See also
History of rail transportation in California
California Central Railroad
References
Further reading
Defunct California railroads
Predecessors of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company
Railway companies established in 1852
Railway companies disestablished in 1877
5 ft 3½ in gauge railways
1852 establishments in California
American companies disestablished in 1877
American companies established in 1852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento%20Valley%20Railroad%20%281852%E2%80%931877%29 |
Emporium, more formally known as Troutman's Emporium, was a chain of department stores founded in 1955 by Dallas Troutman in North Bend, Oregon. After 1977, Emporium's headquarters was located in Eugene, Oregon. At its peak, Emporium operated at least 34 stores, in Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, California and Washington. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2002 and liquidated. The last stores closed in 2003.
History
Beginnings
Emporium was founded in 1955, when Dallas Troutman opened the first Emporium store, in North Bend, Oregon, a store in a building previously used as a grocery store. In 1963, Troutman's Emporium moved to a space in Pony Village Shopping Center, an enclosed shopping mall. Troutman's Emporium started growing when the company opened a second store at the Willamette Plaza in Eugene, Oregon, in 1968. A third store was built in 1972 in Mount Vernon, Washington.
Expansion
In 1973, Troutman's Emporium acquired two Alexander's stores in Springfield and Florence, Oregon. Years earlier, Dallas Troutman had worked at the Springfield Alexander's store while in high school, working stock and sweeping floors. The company's headquarters was moved to the Springfield store after its acquisition, but when it was damaged by fire in 1977, the headquarters was relocated to Eugene, where Emporium also opened a new distribution center.
The next several years were a period of major expansion, and by 1983, Emporium was a 13-store chain. The company's gross sales in 1984 exceeded $50 million, and as of 1985 the company had about 1,000 employees. Founder Dallas Troutman was still company president. Around 325,000 customers held Emporium charge accounts at that time. By this time, at least, the stores were all identified simply as Emporium, and the company name was alternatively given as Emporium Inc. or Troutman's Emporium. The average store size was 30,000–40,000 square feet (2,800–3,700 m2) at that time, following early 1980s remodeling of some stores.
In 1986, Emporium acquired the then-40-year-old, eight-store Quisenberry's chain, which had five stores in Eastern Oregon and three in Idaho. Over the next two years Troutman's Emporium opened 5 stores, including a store in Chico, California. In 1988, Emporium acquired a J.C. Penney store in Nampa, Idaho, at the Karcher Mall. The Chico store opened at Chico Mall in 1988, and was the only Emporium in California. That store was called "Troutman's", due to a trademark dispute with Emporium in California (Emporium-Capwell at the time of the Troutman's store's opening). In 1999, Emporium was in merger talks with Lamonts, but it fell through. In 2000, Ron Schiff was hired as the new president and CEO of Troutman's Emporium. Ron Schiff added six new stores in fall 2000 including stores in Aberdeen, Washington; Brookings, The Dalles and Cottage Grove, in Oregon; and Elko and Winnemucca, in Nevada.
Bankruptcy and liquidation
In 2002, faced with increasing debt with creditors, Troutman's Emporium filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The company initially planned on closing one store but instead found themselves with far more debt than expected. Unable to secure financing or investment partners while in bankruptcy, Emporium announced it would be closing all of its stores and was formally going out of business. The last stores were closed in 2003. The company's remaining assets were liquidated, and it completed the remainder of its bankruptcy proceedings in 2004. When the closure was announced, the company had been operating 34 stores across five western U.S. states employing 1,600 people.
References
External links
Former Official Site (Retrieved by the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine, Dec. 11, 2002)
Defunct department stores based in Oregon
Retail companies established in 1955
Retail companies disestablished in 2003
Defunct companies based in Oregon
Companies based in Eugene, Oregon
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002
1955 establishments in Oregon
2003 disestablishments in Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporium%20%28Oregon-based%20department%20store%29 |
Suzie Gold is a 2004 British dramedy film directed by Richard Cantor and starring American actress Summer Phoenix. It is Cantor's directorial debut. It was released by Pathé on 5 March 2004 in the United Kingdom.
Plot
The film stars Summer Phoenix as the title character, in the role of a young Jewish woman living in London with a sister who is about to marry a young Jewish man. Breaking with her secularized yet traditionally-inclined family, Suzie falls in love with the non-Jewish Darren (Leo Gregory). She fears introducing him to her family because of their opposition to intermarriage.
Cast
Reception
The BBC rated the film 3 out of 5 stars. The reviewer compared it to My Big Fat Greek Wedding and noted the influence of Woody Allen in the humour. Time Out praised Phoenix's "versatility" yet felt the central romantic union of the film lacked "conviction". The magazine continued; "More amusement derives from the old stagers of the Jewish community (including Townsend, Front and Barber) and their attitudes to sex, marriage and culture, their gossipy antics spawning some neat one liners and farcical set pieces."Total Film gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, praising Phoenix' performance and the "acutely observed local detail".
Soundtrack
The soundtrack, created by James Hyman, features an original song called "Want You More" by Sophie Ellis-Bextor.
References
External links
2004 films
Films set in London
Films about Jews and Judaism
British comedy-drama films
2004 comedy-drama films
2004 comedy films
2004 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzie%20Gold |
Kevin Brian Bishop (born 18 June 1980) is a British actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his roles as Jim Hawkins in Muppet Treasure Island, Stupid Brian in My Family, and Nigel Norman Fletcher in the 2016 revival of Porridge, and as star of The Kevin Bishop Show, which he co-wrote with Lee Hupfield.
Life and career
Bishop's first role was in Grange Hill. His second role, at age 16, was as Ben Quayle in Silent Witness. He played Stupid Brian in three episodes of My Family. He starred in Muppet Treasure Island as Jim Hawkins.
In 2005, he portrayed the late comedian Dudley Moore onstage in Pete and Dud: Come Again, a drama charting Moore's turbulent relationship with Peter Cook, which debuted at the Assembly Rooms as part of the Edinburgh Fringe before transferring to The Venue in London's West End in March 2006. In August 2007 he appeared as the title character in Channel 4's satirical spoof documentary "Being Tom Cruise", a spin-off of Star Stories. In September 2014, Bishop appeared in the one-man show Fully Committed at the Menier Chocolate Factory, in which he played forty characters.
In 2013, Bishop appeared in the American comedy series Super Fun Night, written by and starring Australian comedic actress Rebel Wilson. The show ran for one season.
In August 2016, Bishop starred in the revival of classic 1970s BBC sitcom Porridge. He played the role of Fletch, grandson of Ronnie Barker's original main character, locked up for cyber-crime. Originally a one-off, the show was commissioned to full series in October 2016. The first series was broadcast in October 2017 on a 6-week run on BBC One as well as the full series being released at the same time on BBC iPlayer.
In 2016, Bishop played Nigel Farage in a one-off BBC Two comedy series entitled Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back.
In 2017, Bishop became the speaking voice for 2-D, fictional lead singer of British virtual band Gorillaz.
Selected filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
BBC Interview
Interview with Kevin Bishop, myparkmag.co.uk
Interview, EcranLarge.com, 6 July 2005
1980 births
English male child actors
English male comedians
English comedy writers
English male film actors
English male musical theatre actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English television writers
Living people
People from Orpington
Male actors from London
Musicians from Kent
Male actors from Kent
British male television writers
Actors from Bromley
Comedians from London
Gorillaz members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Bishop |
Rüthen () is a town in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Rüthen is situated at the northeastern border of the natural preserve Arnsberger Wald between the Haarstrang and the valley of the river Möhne, approx. 20 km south of Lippstadt and south-west of Paderborn. The highest point is the Wehberg with a height of , the lowest point the valley of the river Pöppelsche at . With an area of more than it is the largest town within the district of Soest.
Neighbouring municipalities
Division of the town
Today Rüthen is the commune largest in area in the district of Soest with an area of . After the local government reforms of 1975 Rüthen consists of the following 15 districts:
Rüthen (5,360 inhabitants)
Altenrüthen (550 inhabitants)
Drewer (780 inhabitants)
Hemmern (170 inhabitants)
Hoinkhausen (170 inhabitants)
Kallenhardt (1,810 inhabitants)
Kellinghausen (90 inhabitants)
Kneblinghausen (310 inhabitants)
Langenstraße-Heddinghausen (460 inhabitants)
Meiste (410 inhabitants)
Menzel (426 inhabitants)
Nettelstädt (111 inhabitants)
Oestereiden (870 inhabitants)
Weickede (25 inhabitants)
Westereiden (530 inhabitants)
International relations
Rüthen is twinned with:
Dereham (United Kingdom) – since 1983
Egeln (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) – since 1991
History
The city of Rüthen was first mentioned in a document of the Kloster Grafschaft (abbey earldom) in 1072. The area around Rüthen already belonged to the Erzbistum Köln (archbishopric Cologne) in the High Middle Ages. On 29 September 1200 Rüthen was given town law by the sovereign, the archbishop of Cologne Adolf I. von Altena. Starting in 1375 Rüthen belonged to the Hanse, an economic alliance of trading cities and their guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe in the later Middle Ages. The merchants of the city had far reaching business connections and because of that were able to ensure wealth. In the following centuries, however, the importance of Rüthen decreased massively.
Like many other cities in the duchy of Westfalen, Rüthen held witch trials. From 1573 to 1660, 104 people were tried as witches and wizards, at least 79 being sentenced to death. Freunnd Happen, who had been accused of being a sorcerer, was discharged after two months of torture on 23 September 1660.
Population development
Signs
Buildings
Catholic Church St. Nikolaus. The church was built in the 13th century after a fire in the city. Its tower received its current top in 1712.
Catholic Church St. Johannes der Täufer. The other Catholic Church in Rüthen was built 1871–1874 with an older tower from 1737. In this tower there is a madonna figure generally considered the oldest piece of art of Rüthen.
Former Abbey of the order of capuchins. What used to be an abbey now houses 13 apartments. The historic garden has been reconstructed.
Former Abbey of the order of ursulines The 1749-built abbey was built exactly where 10 years earlier an abbey of another order burned down. Today it houses a bank.
The old cityhall is a 1726- to 1730-built complex noticeable for its façade and big, curved flight of stairs.
Of the medieval town fortifications, aside big parts of the city wall, only the Hachtor and the Hexenturm (witches' tower) still exist. The Hachtor is an old town gate that has also been used as a prison.
The Jewish cemetery from 1625 is the oldest of its kind in Westfalen, located right next to the Hachtor.
In the village of Kallenhardt you can find Schloss Körtlinghausen (1714), a small castle surrounded by water, a catholic church from 1722 and an old cityhall from the 14th or 15th century.
Nature
The Hohler Stein in Kallenhardt is a big cave in which archaeological findings from the Stone Age and Bronze Age were made.
People
Michael Stappert (around 1585/1590–1663), country priest and critic of witch-hunting
Jürgen Augustinowitz (born 1964), CDU, Politician, Member of the Bundestag from 1990 until 1998
Jürgen Haselünne (around 1821–1890), pedagogue
Anton Kopp (1796–1870), vicar general of Chicago, founder of Westphalia (Michigan)
Stefan Gödde (born 1975), TV host
Joachim Winterscheidt (born 1979), Actor and Presenter
Marcel Höttecke (born 1987), footballer
Norman Harras, (born 1996), professional wrestler
References
External links
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCthen |
The Municipality of the County of Halifax was created in 1879. It operated from 1880-1996 when all municipal units in the county (including the county government) were amalgamated to form the Halifax Regional Municipality.
Wardens were chosen amongst the elected councillors at the beginning of each yearly session of the County Council.
Wardens
1880 – Colonel John Wimburn Laurie
1881-1882 – Donald F. Archibald
1883-1888 – B.W. Chipman
1889-1898 – John E. Shatford
1899-1901 – Benjamin Curry Wilson
1902-1904 – George H. Madill
1905-1907 – Charles E. Smith
1908 – John H. Taylor
1909-1913 – William Bishop
1914-1919 – Charles E. Smith
1920-1925 – Wilson Madill
1926-1930 – R. A. Brenton
1931 – Hector M. Smiley
1932-1933 – John J. Hopkins
1934–1937 – W. W. Peverill
1938–1955 – William James Dowell
1956-1961 - Fred G. Leverman
1961-1964 - George D. Burris
1964-1979 - Ira Settle
1979-1982 - Elizabeth Lawrence Salton
1982-1988 - Arthur C. MacKenzie
1988-1992 - Laszlo S. Lichter
Mayors
1992-1994 - Laszlo S. Lichter
1994-1996 - Randy Ball
Halifax County, Nova Scotia
Government in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Wardens | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20wardens%20of%20Halifax%20County%2C%20Nova%20Scotia |
Philemon (; ; Philḗmōn) was an early Christian in Asia Minor who was the recipient of a private letter from Paul of Tarsus. This letter is known as Epistle to Philemon in the New Testament. He is known as a saint by several Christian churches along with his wife Apphia (or Appia). Philemon was a wealthy Christian and a minister (possibly a bishop) of the house church that met in his home.
The Menaia of 22 November speak of Philemon as a holy apostle who, in company with Apphia, Archippus, and Onesimus had been martyred at Colossae during the first general persecution in the reign of Nero. In the list of the Seventy Apostles, attributed to Dorotheus of Tyre, Philemon is described as bishop of Gaza.
Notes
External links
Santiebeati: Saint Philemon
Seventy disciples
1st-century deaths
People in the Pauline epistles
Saints from Roman Anatolia
Christian saints from the New Testament
1st-century bishops in Roman Anatolia
1st-century Romans
Year of birth unknown
People from Colossae
Epistle to Philemon
Slave owners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philemon%20%28biblical%20figure%29 |
Michael E. "Mike" McGloin ( – March 9, 1883) was a 19th-century criminal and leader of the Whyos, a New York City street gang.
Overview
An early member of the Whyos, McGloin would rise to become leader of the gang by the late 1870s, in his late teens. Continuing the ruthless tactics of his predecessors "Dandy" Jim Dolan, Piker Ryan and others of the previous decade, McGloin terrorized New York's Westside, particularly Hell's Kitchen throughout the late 1870s. On the night of December 29, 1881, four members of the Whyos (presumably including McGloin) entered a local Hell's Kitchen tavern owned by Louis Hanier. As one of the men asked to change a $10 bill, another man suddenly became ill and tried to get behind the bar. Asking the men to leave, there was no further incident until around midnight when Hanier closed the bar and went upstairs to bed. Sometime around 2:00 am, Hanier's wife reported hearing noises coming from downstairs. When Hanier attempted to investigate, he was shot and killed by an unidentified gunman.
Led by NYPD police superintendent Inspector Thomas F. Byrnes, police investigation was able to trace the murder weapon, a .38 caliber pistol, to a pawn shop on Ninth Avenue, which had previously been owned by McGloin. However attempts to gain further evidence against him, including assigning a woman to live with the 19-year-old gang leader in the hopes of gaining a confession, proved fruitless as further attempts proved inconclusive.
Byrnes, accompanied by Captain Williams and six other officers, raided the Whyos headquarters, arresting gang members Thomas Moran, Frederick Banfield and Robert Morrissey on January 31, 1882. McGloin, convinced that the other members would testify against him, admitted to breaking into the tavern and killing Hanier, however, he claimed self-defense, believing Hanier was armed.
On March 1, McGloin was tried alongside Moran and Morrissey and, after eleven minutes of discussion among the jury, McGloin was convicted by the General Sessions of first degree murder and sentenced to death while Moran and Morrissey received eight years imprisonment for burglary. Despite being granted a stay of execution after several pleas for appeal, McGloin was hanged in The Tombs on March 9, 1883.
See also
Capital punishment in New York (state)
Capital punishment in the United States
List of people executed in New York
General references
Asbury, Herbert. The Gangs of New York. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, 1926.
Sifakis, Carl. The Encyclopedia of American Crime. New York: Facts On File Inc., 1982.
Barton, George. True Exploits of Famous Detectives (True Stories of Celebrated Crimes), New York: McKinley Stone & MacKensie, 1909.
Carey, Arthur A. Memoirs of a Murder Man. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1930.
References
1860s births
1883 deaths
1881 murders in the United States
19th-century executions by New York (state)
American people executed for murder
American gangsters of Irish descent
19th-century executions by the United States
Whyos
People executed by New York (state) by hanging
19th-century executions of American people
People convicted of murder by New York (state)
Date of birth unknown
Place of birth missing
Executed American gangsters
American crime bosses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20McGloin |
Brussels-South railway station (, , IATA code: ZYR), officially Brussels-South (, ), is a major railway station in Brussels, Belgium. Geographically, it is located in Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis on the border with the adjacent municipality of Anderlecht and just south of the City of Brussels.
Brussels-South is one of over a dozen railway stations in Brussels, and one of the three principal rail stations in the heart of the city, the two others being Brussels-Central and Brussels-North. The station, which was a terminus when it was inaugurated in 1869, became a transit station with the opening of the North–South connection in 1952. Nowadays, it is the busiest station in Belgium, and is the only Brussels stop for international high-speed rail services: Eurostar, Thalys and ICE.
Underneath Brussels-South is the rapid transit Gare du Midi/Zuidstation station on lines 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Brussels Metro and premetro (underground tram) systems, which serves as an important node of the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB).
Naming
The station was named after Le Midi, the French name of the region of Southern France, as trains departing from this station in the 19th century had that region as their final destination. The term derives from ('middle') and ('day') in Old French, comparable to the term to indicate Southern Italy or which is a synonym for South in Romanian. The name , as the Dutch "translation" of , was only introduced after the equality law of 1898.
The Brussels-Capital Region is bilingual; hence, both the French and Dutch names of the station— and —are official. Outside Belgium, this often leads to the use of combined shorthands; for example in the Thomas Cook European Rail Timetable, Brussels-South is designated as /; NS (Dutch Railways) announce the station as Brussel Zuid/Midi.
History
First station (1839–1869)
A first station known as Bogards' railway station (, ) had existed, since 1839, near the Place Rouppe/Rouppeplein in the southern part of the City of Brussels, so-called for the former cloister of the Bogards' convent whose site it was built on, and to which the / is nowadays the only reference. This station, which quickly took the name "South Station" (, ), served as the six-track terminus of the South Line, a southbound railway line linking Brussels to the industrial towns of Mons, Charleroi and La Louvière, at the heart of the Sillon industriel in Hainaut, Belgium, before crossing the French border (near Quiévrain), where a connecting line could reach Valenciennes, in northern France. The former presence of a station at this location also explains the unusual width of the current /, which goes up from the Place Rouppe to the Small Ring (Brussels' inner ring road), a reminder of the train tracks that used to run in its middle.
Second station (1869–1949)
The Belgian railway network grew rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, becoming the densest in continental Europe. By then, Brussels-North and Brussels-South had become the primary railway stations in Brussels (Brussels-North slowly supplanted the original / railway station near the same site). However, they were joined only by an inadequate single track running along what is today the Small Ring. Many proposals were put forward to link the two stations more substantially. A law was finally passed in 1909 mandating a direct connection; however, the final project would not be completed until nearly half a century later.
Around 1860, the South Station had reached saturation point and its location too close to the city centre began to cause problems, so the authorities decided to demolish it. A new monumental station, designed by the architect Auguste Payen in neoclassical style, opened in 1869, a short distance south from the original site, on the territory of the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis. The entrance was shaped like a triumphal arch, richly decorated with sculptures by Joseph Ducaju. In 1880, an allegorical statue of Nike, the Greek goddess of victory riding a chariot, by the sculptor Louis Samain, was placed on the roof of the station as a tribute to railway engineering. In front of the station, a large public square, known as the / ("Constitution Square"), was created, acting as an entry to the city for its many commuters.
Current station (1949–present)
Payen's terminal station was itself demolished in 1949, as part of the North–South connection project, and replaced by a transit station on its present site along the Avenue Fonsny/Fonsnylaan. Most of the current buildings were erected between 1939 and 1954, in post-war functionalist style, from plans by architects Adrien and Yvan Blomme and Fernand Petit. Work on the connection also led to the station's immediate surroundings to be reorganised. The railway tracks were raised and extended unto a viaduct towards the city centre, with shops under it and a covered street; the / (formerly the /), along which trams run.
Since the 1990s, the South Station and the district adjacent to it have undergone profound transformation. The rear part of the station, designed in 1992 by the architect Marc De Vreese, and built in front of the /, serves as a terminal for high-speed trains. On Saint-Gilles' side, expropriation plans have led, since 2012, to the creation of modern office blocks constituting a tertiary economic sector along the Avenue Fonsny, as well as extensions of the station along the /, the two arteries that surround the station. This business centre located a stone's throw from the city centre, is intended, in the spirit of the public authorities, to mirror the Northern Quarter business district (also called Little Manhattan), located near the North Station, on the opposite side of the city centre.
Features
The station is surrounded by the Avenue Fonsny/Fonsnylaan to the east, the / to the west, the / to the north and the / to the south. In the 1990s, the Eurostar terminal was added on the Rue de France's side. This part contains two bay platforms with no onward northbound connection.
A tripartite agreement was signed by Belgium, France and the UK on 15 May 1993, which permitted British officials to carry out pre-embarkation immigration controls for passengers travelling on direct Eurostar train services from Brussels to London and Belgian officials to carry out pre-embarkation immigration controls at London Waterloo International (and subsequently St Pancras International) station for passengers travelling in the other direction. As a result of this agreement, juxtaposed controls were set up in the station. On 1 October 2004, an administrative arrangement was signed by Belgium, France and the UK to extend juxtaposed controls to Eurostar services between London and Brussels which make a stop in Lille.
Eurostar passengers travelling to the UK clear exit checks from the Schengen Area (carried out by the Belgian Federal Police) as well as UK entry checks (conducted by the UK Border Force) in the station before boarding their train. On the other hand, Eurostar passengers travelling to Lille Europe or Calais-Fréthun remain within the Schengen Area and are therefore not subject to border checks. Accordingly, they go through a different departure area in the station (bypassing the juxtaposed controls for passengers heading to the UK) and travel in a separate designated coach (available in standard class only) controlled by security guards, who ensure that all of these passengers disembark at Lille/Calais before the train continues to the UK.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
High speed services (Eurostar) London - Lille - Brussels
High speed services (Eurostar) London - Brussels - Rotterdam - Amsterdam
High speed services (Intercity Express) Brussels - Liège - Cologne - Frankfurt
High speed services (Thalys) Amsterdam - Rotterdam - Antwerp - Brussels - Paris
High speed services (Thalys) Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Liège - Brussels - Paris
High speed services (Thalys) Amsterdam - Rotterdam - Antwerp - Brussels - Lille
High speed services (Thalys) Amsterdam - Rotterdam - Antwerp - Brussels - Chambéry - Bourg-Saint-Maurice (in winter)
High speed services (Thalys) Amsterdam - Rotterdam - Antwerp - Brussels - Avignon - Marseille (in summer)
High speed services (TGV) Brussels - Lille - Aéroport CDG - Lyon - Avignon - Marseille
High speed services (TGV) Brussels - Lille - Aéroport CDG - Lyon - Nîmes - Montpellier - Perpignan
High speed services (TGV) Brussels - Lille - Aéroport CDG - Strasbourg
High speed services (ICD-35) Amsterdam - Rotterdam - Breda - Antwerp - Brussels Airport - Brussels
Intercity services (IC-01) Ostend - Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Liège - Welkenraedt - Eupen
Intercity services (IC-03) Blankenberge - Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Hasselt - Genk
Intercity services (IC-16) Brussels - Namur - Arlon - Luxembourg
Intercity services (IC-05) Essen - Antwerp - Mechelen - Brussels - Nivelles - Charleroi (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-06) Tournai - Ath - Halle - Brussels - Brussels Airport
Intercity services (IC-06A) Mons - Braine-le-Comte - Brussels - Brussels Airport
Intercity services (IC-07) Charleroi - Nivelles - Brussels - Antwerp (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-11) Binche - Braine-le-Comte - Halle - Brussels - Mechelen - Turnhout (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-11) Binche - Braine-le-Comte - Halle - Brussels - Scharbeek (weekends)
Intercity services (IC-12) Kortrijk - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Liège - Welkenraedt (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-13) Kortrijk - Denderleeuw - Brussels - Schaarbeek (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-14) Quiévrain - Mons - Braine-le-Comte - Brussels - Leuven - Liège (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-16/34) Brussels - Namur - Arlon - Luxembourg
Intercity services (IC-17) Brussels - Namur - Dinant (weekends)
Intercity services (IC-18) Brussels - Namur - Liège (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-20) Ghent - Aalst - Brussels - Hasselt - Tongeren (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-20) Ghent - Aalst - Brussels - Dendermonde - Lokeren (weekends)
Intercity services (IC-22) Antwerp - Mechelen - Brussels
Intercity services (IC-23) Ostend - Bruges - Kortrijk - Zottegem - Brussels - Brussels Airport
Intercity services (IC-23A) Knokke - Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Brussels Airport
Intercity services (IC-26) Kortrijk - Tournai - Halle - Brussels - Dendermonde - Lokeren - Sint Niklaas (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-29) Gent - Aalst - Brussels - Brussels Airport - Leuven - Landen (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-29) De Panne - Gent - Aalst - Brussels - Brussels Airport - Leuven - Landen (weekends)
Intercity services (IC-31) Antwerp - Mechelen - Brussels (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-31) Antwerp - Mechelen - Brussels - Nivelles - Charleroi (weekends)
Brussels RER services (S1) Antwerp - Mechelen - Brussels - Waterloo - Nivelles (weekdays)
Brussels RER services (S1) Antwerp - Mechelen - Brussels (weekends)
Brussels RER services (S1) Brussels - Waterloo - Nivelles (weekends)
Brussels RER services (S2) Leuven - Brussels - Halle - Braine-le-Comte
Brussels RER services (S3) Dendermonde - Brussels - Denderleeuw - Zottegem (weekdays)
Brussels RER services (S3) Schaarbeek - Brussels - Denderleeuw - Zottegem (weekends)
Brussels RER services (S6) Aalst - Denderleeuw - Geraardsbergen - Halle - Brussels - Schaarbeek (weekdays)
Brussels RER services (S6) Denderleeuw - Geraardsbergen - Halle - Brussels - Schaarbeek (weekends)
Brussels RER services (S8) Brussels - Etterbeek - Ottignies - Louvain-le-Neuve
Brussels RER services (S10) Dendermonde - Brussels - Denderleeuw - Aalst
Metro and premetro station
The metro station, called Gare du Midi/Zuidstation, opened on 2 October 1988 as (at that time) the terminus of metro line 2 from Simonis. Line 2 has since been extended beyond Brussels-South to Clemenceau in 1993, Delacroix in 2006, and Gare de l'Ouest/Weststation in 2009. Since 1993, the station also accommodates premetro (underground tram) services at separate platforms, with cross-platform interchange between metro and premetro in both directions.
Connections
International buses
Since 23 July 2012, SNCF's international coach network, OUIBUS (taken over by BlaBlaBus in 2018), has served Brussels-South.
Paris - Lille - Brussels
Amsterdam - Brussels (from 28 April 2014)
Amsterdam - Brussels - London (from 28 April 2014)
Other bus services
A shuttle service to Brussels South Charleroi Airport leaves from a stop located on the /.
Places of interest
The South Tower, the tallest building in Belgium, stands in front of the station's main exit (the crossroad of the Avenue Fonsny/Fonsnylaan and the /) and houses the Belgian Federal Pensions Service (FPS).
See also
List of railway stations in Belgium
List of TGV stations
Rail transport in Belgium
Transport in Brussels
History of Brussels
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Bruxelles-Midi/Brussel-Zuid page at b-europe.com
Railway stations in Brussels
Railway stations served by Eurostar
Brussels metro stations
Saint-Gilles, Belgium
Railway stations in Belgium opened in 1952
1952 establishments in Belgium
Railway stations opened in 1869
1869 establishments in Belgium
Juxtaposed border controls | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels-South%20railway%20station |
Anröchte () is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
It is situated approximately 13 km south of Lippstadt and 15 km east of Soest.
Neighbouring municipalities
Bad Sassendorf
Erwitte
Rüthen
Warstein
Division of the town
After the local government reforms of 1975 Anröchte consists of 10 districts:
Anröchte (7.087 inhabitants)
Altengeseke (901 inhabitants)
Altenmellrich (370 inhabitants)
Berge (715 inhabitants)
Effeln (7.520 inhabitants)
Klieve (381 inhabitants)
Mellrich (767 inhabitants)
Robringhausen (153 inhabitants)
Uelde (1.100 inhabitants)
Waltringhausen (102 inhabitants)
Twin towns
Radków (Poland) – since 1954
People
Gotthard Kettler (1517-1587),last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia.
References
External links
Official site
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anr%C3%B6chte |
Oley Valley High School is a high school in Oley Valley, Pennsylvania, United States. The current principal is Gina Finnerty, and the assistant principal is William Harrison.
History
Oley Valley High School was built in 1961. The current high school was adjacent to the Oley Valley School District Administration building, which was formerly the Oley Valley K-5 building until 1993. In 2018, the Administration Building was demolished and only a grass field remains.
The high school was renovated in 1981 to have a joint middle school. In 2002, a new separate middle school was built and the left-over wing was incorporated into the high school, primarily as the "history wing".
The school district superintendent was Jeffrey Zackon, until he unfortunately died due to a heart attack during the German class trip, on April 20, 2011, while in the Swiss Alps. The Oley Valley School District's current superintendent is Tracy Shank.
Athletics
The baseball team won the county championship for the first time in 28 years. The girls' field hockey team has won at least three Berks County titles, two PIAA district titles, and one state title.
The girls' basketball team and the baseball team have enjoyed PIAA District titles and state appearances.
Events
The Oley Valley FFA Chapter placed first in the United States in Environmental Science and FFA National Convention in Indianapolis, Indiana.
The school made the national news on January 24, 2002, when a 62-old bus driver, named Otto Nuss, took 13 children on an unauthorized five-hour detour of to Landover Hills, Maryland outside Washington, D.C., on what was supposed to be a 6-mile, 15-minute trip to Berks Christian School in Birdsboro, Pennsylvania. On September 23, 2003, Nuss was sentenced to 4 years in prison for federal kidnapping.
A student wearing a gorilla mask and armed with a banana climbed onto the roof of the high school on February 15, 2005, as a prank. This prompted police, the FBI, a bomb squad and a state police helicopter to respond. The student was charged with disorderly conduct and trespassing
The school won the 2006 Envirothon, the most popular high school environmental knowledge competition in North America.
Notable alumni
Carl Mathias, retired MLB player
References
External links
Official site
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Educational institutions established in 1961
Schools in Berks County, Pennsylvania
1961 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oley%20Valley%20High%20School |
Bad Sassendorf is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
History
From the 8th century, the area around the Soester plain was under the Merovingian dynasty. The name “Sassendorf” indicates that it was a Saxon settlement. Mention was made of salt springs in the area appear in the 10th century, and were noted by the ambassador of the Caliphate of Cordoba to the court of Emperor Otto the Great in 973. Along with the surrounding area, the village was under the control of the Archbishopric of Cologne from at least the 12th century; however exploitation of the salt springs was the right of free peasant families in the area.
From the 19th century, the brine produced in the area was used for bathing and medicinal purposes, and the first therapy center or spa was opened in 1852. Commercial salt production faced declining yields, and was largely discontinued in 1934, and completely discontinued by 1952. The village was renamed from “Sassendorf” to Bad Sassendorf officially in 1906.
From February 15, 1944, to April 4–5, 1945, inmates of the Neuengamme concentration camp used as the Eisenbahnbaubrigade 11 repaired rail tracks at the railway station Soest and between Bad Sassendorf and Soest. They slept in freight train waggons on the track between Bad Sassendorf and Soest. After an air raid end-February 1945 the inmates slept in a nearby farm. At the cemetery Bad Sassendorf a memorial plaque is installed on the burying place of the dead.
Geography
It is situated approximately 4 km northeast of Soest.
Neighbouring municipalities
Anröchte
Erwitte
Lippetal
Lippstadt
Möhnesee
Soest
Warstein
Division of the town
Bad Sassendorf consists of 12 districts:
Bad Sassendorf
Bettinghausen
Beusingsen
Elfsen
Gabrechten
Heppen
Herringsen
Lohne
Neuengeseke
Opmünden
Ostinghausen
Weslarn
Twin towns
Gaming (Austria)
Notes
External links
Official site
Spa towns in Germany
Soest (district)
Soest Börde | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Sassendorf |
The Matlock Paper is the third suspense novel by Robert Ludlum, in which a solitary protagonist comes face to face with a massive criminal conspiracy.
Its protagonist, James Barbour Matlock, is an English professor in his 30s who is recruited by the Department of Justice to investigate a drug smuggling ring, led by a mysterious figure named "Nimrod". The novel is set at the fictitious Carlyle University in Connecticut, a thinly disguised Wesleyan University in Middletown, Ludlum's alma mater.
Publication history
1973, US, Dial Press , Pub date April 1973, Hardback
1974, US, Dell , Pub date April 15, 1974, Paperback
1973, UK, Grafton Pub date July 9, 1973, Hardback
2002, UK, HarperCollins , Pub date April 15, 2002, Paperback
Novels by Robert Ludlum
1973 American novels
Novels set in Connecticut
Wesleyan University
Nimrod | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Matlock%20Paper |
Credibility theory is a branch of actuarial mathematics concerned with determining risk premiums. To achieve this, it uses mathematical models in an effort to forecast the (expected) number of insurance claims based on past observations. Technically speaking, the problem is to find the best linear approximation to the mean of the Bayesian predictive density, which is why credibility theory has many results in common with linear filtering as well as Bayesian statistics more broadly.
For example, in group health insurance an insurer is interested in calculating the risk premium, , (i.e. the theoretical expected claims amount) for a particular employer in the coming year. The insurer will likely have an estimate of historical overall claims experience, , as well as a more specific estimate for the employer in question, . Assigning a credibility factor, , to the overall claims experience (and the reciprocal to employer experience) allows the insurer to get a more accurate estimate of the risk premium in the following manner:
The credibility factor is derived by calculating the maximum likelihood estimate which would minimise the error of estimate. Assuming the variance of and are known quantities taking on the values and respectively, it can be shown that should be equal to:
Therefore, the more uncertainty the estimate has, the lower is its credibility.
Types of Credibility
In Bayesian credibility, we separate each class (B) and assign them a probability (Probability of B). Then we find how likely our experience (A) is within each class (Probability of A given B). Next, we find how likely our experience was over all classes (Probability of A). Finally, we can find the probability of our class given our experience. So going back to each class, we weight each statistic with the probability of the particular class given the experience.
Bühlmann credibility works by looking at the Variance across the population. More specifically, it looks to see how much of the Total Variance is attributed to the Variance of the Expected Values of each class (Variance of the Hypothetical Mean), and how much is attributed to the Expected Variance over all classes (Expected Value of the Process Variance). Say we have a basketball team with a high number of points per game. Sometimes they get 128 and other times they get 130 but always one of the two. Compared to all basketball teams this is a relatively low variance, meaning that they will contribute very little to the Expected Value of the Process Variance. Also, their unusually high point totals greatly increases the variance of the population, meaning that if the league booted them out, they'd have a much more predictable point total for each team (lower variance). So, this team is definitely unique (they contribute greatly to the Variance of the Hypothetical Mean). So we can rate this team's experience with a fairly high credibility. They often/always score a lot (low Expected Value of Process Variance) and not many teams score as much as them (high Variance of Hypothetical Mean).
A simple example
Suppose there are two coins in a box. One has heads on both sides and the other is a normal coin with 50:50 likelihood of heads or tails. You need to place a wager on the outcome after one is randomly drawn and flipped.
The odds of heads is .5 * 1 + .5 * .5 = .75. This is because there is a .5 chance of selecting the heads-only coin with 100% chance of heads and .5 chance of the fair coin with 50% chance.
Now the same coin is reused and you are asked to bet on the outcome again.
If the first flip was tails, there is a 100% chance you are dealing with a fair coin, so the next flip has a 50% chance of heads and 50% chance of tails.
If the first flip was heads, we must calculate the conditional probability that the chosen coin was heads-only as well as the conditional probability that the coin was fair, after which we can calculate the conditional probability of heads on the next flip. The probability that it came from a heads-only coin given that the first flip was heads is the probability of selecting a heads-only coin times the probability of heads for that coin divided by the initial probability of heads on the first flip, or .5 * 1 / .75 = 2/3. The probability that it came from a fair coin given that the first flip was heads is the probability of selecting a fair coin times the probability of heads for that coin divided by the initial probability of heads on the first flip, or .5 * .5 / .75 = 1/3. Finally, the conditional probability of heads on the next flip given that the first flip was heads is the conditional probability of a heads-only coin times the probability of heads for a heads-only coin plus the conditional probability of a fair coin times the probability of heads for a fair coin, or 2/3 * 1 + 1/3 * .5 = 5/6 ≈ .8333.
Actuarial credibility
Actuarial credibility describes an approach used by actuaries to improve statistical estimates. Although the approach can be formulated in either a frequentist or Bayesian statistical setting, the latter is often preferred because of the ease of recognizing more than one source of randomness through both "sampling" and "prior" information. In a typical application, the actuary has an estimate X based on a small set of data, and an estimate M based on a larger but less relevant set of data. The credibility estimate is ZX + (1-Z)M, where Z is a number between 0 and 1 (called the "credibility weight" or "credibility factor") calculated to balance the sampling error of X against the possible lack of relevance (and therefore modeling error) of M.
When an insurance company calculates the premium it will charge, it divides the policy holders into groups. For example, it might divide motorists by age, sex, and type of car; a young man driving a fast car being considered a high risk, and an old woman driving a small car being considered a low risk. The division is made balancing the two requirements that the risks in each group are sufficiently similar and the group sufficiently large that a meaningful statistical analysis of the claims experience can be done to calculate the premium. This compromise means that none of the groups contains only identical risks. The problem is then to devise a way of combining the experience of the group with the experience of the individual risk to calculate the premium better. Credibility theory provides a solution to this problem.
For actuaries, it is important to know credibility theory in order to calculate a premium for a group of insurance contracts. The goal is to set up an experience rating system to determine next year's premium, taking into account not only the individual experience with the group, but also the collective experience.
There are two extreme positions. One is to charge everyone the same premium estimated by the overall mean of the data. This makes sense only if the portfolio is homogeneous, which means that all risks cells have identical mean claims. However, if the portfolio is heterogeneous, it is not a good idea to charge a premium in this way (overcharging "good" people and undercharging "bad" risk people) since the "good" risks will take their business elsewhere, leaving the insurer with only "bad" risks. This is an example of adverse selection.
The other way around is to charge to group its own average claims, being as premium charged to the insured. These methods are used if the portfolio is heterogeneous, provided a fairly large claim experience. To compromise these two extreme positions, we take the weighted average of the two extremes:
has the following intuitive meaning: it expresses how "credible" (acceptability) the individual of cell is. If it is high, then use higher to attach a larger weight to charging the , and in this case, is called a credibility factor, and such a premium charged is called a credibility premium.
If the group were completely homogeneous then it would be reasonable to set , while if the group were completely heterogeneous then it would be reasonable to set . Using intermediate values is reasonable to the extent that both individual and group history is useful in inferring future individual behavior.
For example, an actuary has an accident and payroll historical data for a shoe factory suggesting a rate of 3.1 accidents per million dollars of payroll. She has industry statistics (based on all shoe factories) suggesting that the rate is 7.4 accidents per million. With a credibility, Z, of 30%, she would estimate the rate for the factory as 30%(3.1) + 70%(7.4) = 6.1 accidents per million.
References
Further reading
Behan, Donald F. (2009) "Statistical Credibility Theory", Southeastern Actuarial Conference, June 18, 2009
Longley-Cook, L.H. (1962) An introduction to credibility theory PCAS, 49, 194-221.
Whitney, A.W. (1918) The Theory of Experience Rating, Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society, 4, 274-292 (This is one of the original casualty actuarial papers dealing with credibility. It uses Bayesian techniques, although the author uses the now archaic "inverse probability" terminology.)
Venter, Gary G. (2005) "Credibility Theory for Dummies"
Actuarial science
Credit risk | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credibility%20theory |
Azita Sahebjam is the director of Vancouver Pars National Ballet. She also acted in the movie The Neighbor directed by Naghmeh Shirkhan.
References
External links
An Iranian Canadian folklore dance company
Ballet teachers
Iranian female dancers
Iranian emigrants to Canada
Canadian ballerinas
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azita%20Sahebjam |
Ense () is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Ense is situated on the river Möhne, approx. 12 km north-west of Arnsberg and 12 km south-west of Soest. Ense lies at the north side of the Sauerland and at the south side of the Haarstrang.
Neighbouring municipalities
Arnsberg
Möhnesee
Soest
Werl
Wickede
Division of the town
Ense consists of the following 15 districts:
Bilme (47 inhabitants)
Bittingen (99 inhabitants)
Bremen (Ense) (3.135 inhabitants)
Gerlingen (66 inhabitants)
Höingen (1.964 inhabitants)
Hünningen (523 inhabitants)
Lüttringen (990 inhabitants)
Niederense (3.366 inhabitants)
Oberense (276 inhabitants)
Parsit (933 inhabitants)
Ruhne (325 inhabitants)
Sieveringen (352 inhabitants)
Vierhausen
Volbringen (137 inhabitants)
Waltringen (671 inhabitants)
Twin towns
Éleu-dit-Leauwette (France) -- since 1989
Burkardroth (Germany)
References
External links
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ense |
Manning Ferguson Force (December 17, 1824 – May 8, 1899) was a lawyer, judge, and soldier from Ohio. He became known as the commander of the 20th Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and was a recipient of the Army Medal of Honor for gallantry in action.
Early life and career
Manning F. Force was born in Washington, D.C., where his father, Peter Force, was the mayor. He turned down an appointment to West Point and went on to attended Harvard College until 1845, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1848. The following year, Force moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, and began his law practice.
Civil War
With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Force joined the Union forces as major of the 20th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving in the Western Theater as part of General James B. McPherson's 17th Corps.
Colonel Force's 20th Ohio bore the brunt of the Battle of Raymond, Mississippi, in the Vicksburg Campaign. Osborn Oldroyd related the number of casualties from the 20th Ohio to his commander:
I took the roll-book from the pocket of our dead sergeant and found that while we had gone in with thirty-two men, we came out with but sixteen— one-half of the brave little band, but a few hours before so full of hope and patriotism, either killed or wounded. Nearly all the survivors could show bullet marks in clothing or flesh, but no man left the field on account of wounds. When I told Colonel Force of our loss, I saw tears course down his cheeks, and so intent were his thoughts upon his fallen men that he failed to note the bursting of a shell above him, scattering the powder over his person, as he sat at the foot of a tree.
Following the Siege of Vicksburg, Force marched on to northern Georgia, where he fought in the Atlanta Campaign. He was severely wounded in the face during the Battle of Atlanta and was disfigured for life. For his valor during the Atlanta Campaign, Force was promoted to major general of volunteers in March 1865. Following the Battle of Atlanta, he participated in Sherman's March to the Sea.
The thirty-seven-year-old lawyer began the conflict as a major and ended as a brevetted major general. Sgt. Osborn Oldroyd noted his leadership when he wrote in his diary: As Colonel Force called us to 'Attention' this morning one of the boys remarked, 'I love that man more than ever.' Yes, we have good reason to be proud of our Colonel, for upon all occasions we are treated by him as volunteers enlisted in war from pure love of country. ... " In his memoirs printed after the war, Force stated:
When lying there (in the trenches outside Vicksburg) it sometimes occurred to me, what a transformation it was for these men, full of individuality and self-reliance, accustomed always to act upon their own will, to so completely subordinate their wills to the wills of other men ... Their practical sense had told them an army differs from a mob only in discipline, and discipline was necessary for self-preservation.
Postbellum activities
After the war, Force returned to Cincinnati, where he became a justice of the Superior Court of Cincinnati. He also authored several law books and became a prominent writer as well as a lecturer. He was a companion of the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
In 1892, he received the Medal of Honor.
Manning Force is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati. His papers and documents are housed in the Manning Ferguson Force Collection of the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and date: At Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Entered service at: Cincinnati, Ohio. Born: Washington, D.C. December 17, 1824. Date of issue: March 31, 1892.
Citation:
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Brigadier General Manning Ferguson Force, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 22 July 1864, while serving with U.S. Volunteers, in action at Atlanta, Georgia. Brigadier General Force charged upon the enemy's works, and after their capture defended his position against assaults of the enemy until he was severely wounded.
See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F
List of American Civil War generals (Union)
Notes
References
Oldroyd, Osborn H. I., A Soldier's Story of the Siege of Vicksburg, 1885.
External links
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Union Army generals
People of Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
American legal writers
Lawyers from Cincinnati
Ohio lawyers
Ohio state court judges
Judges of the Superior Court of Cincinnati
Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery
1824 births
1899 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Harvard Law School alumni
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manning%20Ferguson%20Force |
Lippetal is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Lippetal is located north and south of the river Lippe between the cities of Lippstadt () and Hamm (). Lippetal is situated at the northern boundary of the Soester Börde, south of the river Lippe and the southern Münsterland in north of the river. The river Lippe flows from east to the west through the municipality.
Division of the municipality
There are eleven villages in Lippetal:
Neighbouring Places
Ahlen
Bad Sassendorf
Beckum
Hamm
Lippstadt
Soest
Wadersloh
History
The municipality Lippetal was created by administrative reorganization in 1969. Lippetal was made with eleven villages from three different districts.
The villages are mostly old Saxon settlements. The villages Oestinghausen and Lippborg were first mentioned in 1189, Hovestadt in 1213, and the place of pilgrimage Herzfeld in a document in 786.
Personalities
William Finnemann (1882-1942), priest of the Society of the Divine Word, auxiliary bishop of Manila and apostolic vicar of Calapan,
Leon (* 1969 as Jürgen Göbel ) German percussionist
Dirk Langerbein (* 1971) former football goalkeeper, now goalkeeper coach
References
External links
Official site
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippetal |
Walter Horner Lemm (October 23, 1919 – October 8, 1988) was an American football coach at the high school, collegiate and professional levels and achieved his greatest prominence as head coach of the American Football League's Houston Oilers and the National Football League's St. Louis Cardinals.
Early career
Lemm graduated from Carroll College, in Waukesha, Wisconsin, in 1942 after playing football for head coach John W. Breen. After service in World War II during the next two years, Lemm served as an assistant coach at the University of Notre Dame under Hugh Devore in 1945. Lemm returned to Carroll as an assistant coach with the school's football team the following year, then became a head coach for the first time, accepting the top job for Waukesha High School in 1948.
Coaching career
Following Lemm's one year at Waukesha, Carroll's former coach, Breen, took the head coaching position at Lake Forest College. Lemm served under his leadership for the next three years, while also working as the school's head basketball coach, then replaced Breen in 1952. During his two seasons, he compiled an 11–4–1 record before leaving to accept the head coach position at Montana State University. An 8–1 season in 1954 was followed the next year by a 4–4–1 campaign. On May 14, 1956, he reached the National Football League (NFL) when he accepted a defensive assistant position with the Chicago Cardinals.
Lemm spent just one season before resigning to again accept the head coaching position at Lake Forest. During the next two years, he nearly matched his previous stint at the school with an 11–5 record, winning District Coach of the Year accolades in 1957 from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). On February 21, 1959, he returned to an assistant's role with the Cardinals, and would remain at the professional level for the remainder of his career.
After again spending a single season with the Cardinals, Lemm resigned on January 12, 1960, to accept an assistant coaching position with the Houston Oilers of the seminal American Football League. During the first season of play, the Oilers captured the league's first-ever title, but Lemm resigned after the season, returning to Libertyville, Illinois to work in the sporting goods industry.
However, after a slow start to the 1961 season that saw the team with a 1–3–1 record, Oilers' head coach Lou Rymkus was fired. Lemm was offered the position by his former coach John Breen, the Oilers' Director of Player Personnel, and proceeded to lead the team to nine straight victories. The team then won its second straight title with a 10–3 win over the San Diego Chargers on December 24, 1961, and Lemm was named AFL Coach of the Year for his efforts.
After orally agreeing to a contract for the next season, Lemm instead resigned on February 22, 1962, to take the top spot with the Cardinals, citing the proximity of St. Louis to his home in Lake Bluff, Illinois. He replaced Pop Ivy at St. Louis, and Ivy replaced Lemm at Houston. After a 4–9–1 record in his first year, Lemm came close to capturing the NFL's Eastern Conference title with a 9–5 season in 1963 and a 9–3–2 mark the following year. After signing a contract with a huge pay increase, the Cardinals crashed in 1965 with a 5–9 mark, with Lemm seemingly having job security. However, after Lemm was asked to stay in St. Louis as a full-time coach, he resigned on January 10, 1966, again citing family considerations. Oddly, he then accepted the head coaching job with his former team in Houston 19 days later.
The Oilers struggled in 1966 with a 3–11 record, but bounced back in 1967 with a 9–4–1 record and a spot in the AFL Championship game. After a 40–7 thrashing at the hands of the Oakland Raiders, the Oilers again reached the postseason in 1969 compiling a mediocre 6–6–2 record and were again dismantled by the Raiders, 56–7, in the AFL's oddly constructed one year playoff system. For that season the first place team of the West played the second place team of the East and vice versa. The team's first year in the post-merger NFL, 1970, finished with a disastrous 3–10–1 mark. Following a 44–0 loss to his former team in St. Louis on November 1, 1970, Lemm announced he would be retiring at the conclusion of the year, this time citing health issues. Lemm's final game came on December 20 of that year, a 52–10 loss to the Oilers' Lone Star State rivals, the Dallas Cowboys.
Later life and death
Lemm died on October 8, 1988, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin after a college reunion.
Head coaching record
College football
AFL/NFL
Interim coach for last 9 games of regular season
See also
List of American Football League players
References
1919 births
1988 deaths
Basketball coaches from Illinois
Chicago Cardinals coaches
Carroll Pioneers football coaches
Carroll Pioneers football players
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
High school football coaches in Wisconsin
Houston Oilers coaches
Lake Forest Foresters football coaches
Lake Forest Foresters men's basketball coaches
Montana State Bobcats football coaches
Montana State Bobcats men's basketball coaches
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches
People from Lake Bluff, Illinois
Players of American football from Lake County, Illinois
St. Louis Cardinals (football) coaches
Players of American football from Chicago
St. Louis Cardinals (football) head coaches
Houston Oilers head coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally%20Lemm |
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