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Ed Crombie (born October 13, 1945, in Williams Lake, British Columbia) is a former Canadian-born United States Auto Club Championship Car race car driver.
He made four starts with a best finish of 7th at Mosport in 1977. He failed to qualify for the 1976 Indianapolis 500.
See also
List of Canadians in Champ Car
External links
Career Stats
Racing drivers from British Columbia
1945 births
Living people
People from the Cariboo Regional District
20th-century Canadian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Crombie |
Gerda Weissensteiner OMRI (born 3 January 1969) is an Italian luger and bobsleigh pilot who competed from the late 1980s to 2006. Competing in six Winter Olympics, she won the gold medal in the women's singles luge event at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, and together with Jennifer Isacco she won the bronze in Turin in the two-woman bobsleigh at the 2006 Winter Olympics. She was the first Italian sportsperson to win Olympic medals in two disciplines.
Luge career
Weissensteiner was introduced to luge by her uncle at the age of seven, initially sledding on natural luge tracks. She won a World Junior Luge Championship title in 1988.
Weissensteiner won eleven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships, including two gold (Women's singles: 1993, Mixed team: 1989), three silvers (Women's singles: 1989, Mixed team: 1990, 1995), and six bronzes (Women's singles: 1995, 1996; Mixed team: 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997).
She was also won seven medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with two golds (Mixed team and Women's singles: both in 1994), two silvers (Women's singles: 1990; Mixed team: 1998), and three bronzes (Mixed team: 1988, 1990, 1996).
Weissensteiner won the overall Luge World Cup title in women's singles twice (1992-3, 1997-8). She took a total of 13 wins, eight second places and eight third places in World Cup races. She was also the flagbearer at the opening ceremonies of the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. Her Olympic triumph was dampened by the death of her brother in a car accident a few days later: during his funeral, a burglar broke into Weissensteiner's home and stole her gold medal. Following the Games she retired from luge, becoming a youth luge coach.
Bobsleigh career
Weissensteiner returned to sledding as a bobsleigh pilot in 2001. She finished seventh in the 2-woman bobsleigh (with the former biker Antonella Bellutti, a gold medalist in track cycling) at the 2002 Winter Olympics. After the 2002 Games she teamed up with sprinter Jennifer Isacco, who she competed with until her retirement from the sport. Their best finish in the Bobsleigh World Cup was third twice in the two-woman event. (2002-3, 2003-4 (tied with Germany's Susi Erdmann)). She finished sixth in the 2-woman bobsleigh event at the 2005 FIBT World Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The following year, Weissensteiner and Isacco finished second in the European Championships, and Weissensteiner joined Erdmann as being one of only two sledders to win a medal in both bobsleigh and luge at the Winter Olympics.
She retired from all competition after the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. That year she was appointed as a Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. In addition she has a rhododendron named after her: this was part of a collaboration between the Accademia dei Georgofili and the Italian National Olympic Committee to name an azalea after each medal winner at the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2006 Winter Paralympics. Subsequently, she returned to youth coaching in luge as well as working as a press officer for the Italian Luge Federation.
See also
List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games
List of athletes with Olympic medals in different disciplines
Italian sportswomen multiple medalists at Olympics and World Championships
References
1988 luge women's singles results
1992 luge women's singles results
1998 luge women's singles results
2002 bobsleigh two-woman results
Bobsleigh two-woman Olympic medalists since 2002
External links
1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bolzano
Italian female bobsledders
Italian female lugers
Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic lugers for Italy
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Olympic medalists in luge
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Italian sports coaches
Germanophone Italian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerda%20Weissensteiner |
State Highway 19, abbreviated as SH-19, is a highway running through the southern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is signed east–west.
Route description
SH-19 begins at an intersection with US-283 in Blair, Oklahoma. SH-19 heads east from Blair for 23 miles (37 km) without intersecting another highway before meeting U.S. Highway 183 north of Roosevelt. It continues eastward, sharing a 3-mile (4.8 km) section of road with State Highway 54 before splitting off to the east and briefly overlapping with SH-115 and State Highway 58.
The next town Highway 19 encounters is Apache, north of Lake Ellsworth, where it crosses U.S. Highway 62/281. Nine miles (14½ km) later, it overlaps with U.S. Highway 277 at Cyril. These two overlap with US-81 near Ninnekah, but SH-19 splits off to the east once again within 3 miles (4.8 km).
After splitting off, SH-19 travels in a southeast direction to have a brief concurrency with State Highway 76 through Lindsay. 10 miles (16 km) later it intersects with State Highway 74 at a four-way stop in Maysville. Still continuing southeast, 10 miles (16 km) later it has an interchange with Interstate 35 and an intersection with U.S. Highway 77 in Pauls Valley.
After passing through the Pauls Valley area, SH-19 crosses U.S. Highway 177 west of Stratford, Oklahoma. It then ends, concurrent with SH-3W at the Richardson Loop outside of Ada.
Spurs
SH-19 has two lettered spurs.
SH-19C runs for one mile (1.6 km) from SH-19 to Alex. It was commissioned on August 7, 1950.
SH-19D runs for one mile (1.6 km) from SH-19 to Bradley.
Junction list
References
External links
SH-19 at OKHighways
019
Ada, Oklahoma
Transportation in Jackson County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Kiowa County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Caddo County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Grady County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Garvin County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma%20State%20Highway%2019 |
The Rocky Mountain Rage were a professional ice hockey team that played in the Central Hockey League between the 2006–07 and 2008-09 seasons. They played their home games at the Broomfield Event Center in Broomfield, Colorado.
On June 18, 2009, the team announced it was suspending operations for the 2009–10 CHL season with hopes of returning in 2010–11, but went defunct.
Year-by-year record
Regular season
Playoffs
All-Stars
Players
2007 David Noah, Goalie
2007 Mark Wires, Left Wing
2008 Tyler Butler, Defenseman
2008 Brent Cullaton, Right Wing, Starter, North Captain, North MVP
2008 Scott Reid, Goalie
2008 Scott Wray, Left Wing, Starter
2009 Daymen Rycroft, Center
References
External links
Rocky Mountain Rage - broken link
"All The Rage" - Rocky Mountain Rage Booster Club - broken link
Ice hockey teams in Colorado
Broomfield, Colorado | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky%20Mountain%20Rage |
Conflict Catcher is a discontinued utility software application that was written by Jeff Robbin and published by Casady & Greene for classic Mac OS. It aided Macintosh users in solving conflicts between Mac OS that could occur on startup when a large amount of extensions and control panels were installed (see Extension conflict). Later versions of Conflict Catcher included a playable Asteroids game as an easter egg in the About menu. Conflict Catcher included a printed manual written by David Pogue.
A Mac OS X version was never released, since the extension mechanisms in Mac OS X do not have extension conflicts. The last version of Conflict Catcher was version 9, for Mac OS 9, sales were already declining and in 2003 Casady & Greene filed for bankruptcy. Conflict Catcher 9 was priced at $63, significantly higher than average prices for utility software.
References
Computer-related introductions in 1994
Classic Mac OS software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict%20Catcher |
The Second Avenue station is a station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Second Avenue and Houston Street on the border between the East Village and the Lower East Side, in Manhattan. It is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction.
History
The station opened on January 1, 1936, as part of the portion of the Sixth Avenue Line between West Fourth Street–Washington Square and East Broadway. Upon opening, E trains, which ran from Jackson Heights, Queens to Hudson Terminal, were shifted to the new line to East Broadway. Two express tracks were built from West Fourth Street, under Houston Street, until Essex Street-Avenue A, with the express tracks effectively terminating at the Second Avenue station since there were no stops east of there. The tracks were intended to travel under the East River and connect with the never-built IND Worth Street Line in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
From December 2001 to June 2010, this station was known on transit maps and announced on digital announcements as the Lower East Side–Second Avenue station, when it served as the southern terminal for V trains. A limited number of rush-hour M trains from Queens terminated here between July 2017 and April 2018 during a reconstruction project on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line (replicating the former V service).
Station layout
Second Avenue has two island platforms and four tracks. F trains run on the outer tracks, while the inner tracks are not used in regular service. When the station opened, all four Sixth Avenue tracks ran continuously from West Fourth Street through Second Avenue. During the construction of the Chrystie Street Connection in the 1950s and 1960s, the center express tracks at Broadway–Lafayette Street were severed from the tracks at Second Avenue and rerouted to the Chrystie Street subway, running through Grand Street station to the north side of the Manhattan Bridge.
West (railroad north) of the station, the inner tracks are connected by a diamond crossover before merging with the outer local tracks; this allows the station to be used as a terminal for southbound trains. East (railroad south) of the station, the express tracks end at bumper blocks, while the local tracks continue along Houston Street before curving south into Essex Street and continuing through Delancey Street station.
The trackside walls have a medium Parma violet trim line with a slightly darker border, and small tile captions reading "2ND AVE" in white on black run below it at regular intervals. The platform columns are concrete and painted indigo, and there are especially large columns with built-in benches at the centers of the platforms. Despite the station's name, the exit and mezzanine at Second Avenue is only open part-time. The full-time booth is located at the First Avenue mezzanine. The station previously had a full-length mezzanine. However, most of the mezzanine was closed, and the closed areas currently hold offices while the rest are used for storage space.
Exits
All entrances/exits are single-wide street stairs serving both platforms via the two mezzanine areas. The western mezzanine has two exits leading to:
NW corner of Houston Street and Second Avenue
SW corner of Houston Street and Chrystie Street
The eastern mezzanine has two exits leading to:
NW corner of Houston Street and First Avenue
SW corner of Houston Street and Allen Street
The closed mezzanine area had an exit to the median of Houston Street near Forsyth Street.
Provisions for other lines
First Avenue Subway mezzanine
There is another, unfinished mezzanine on the east side of First Avenue. This second mezzanine is accessible only through now-blocked passages past the east end of the platforms. This mezzanine was built to address a subway down First Avenue, if one were to be built.
Express tracks
East of the station, the center tracks continue disused along Houston, but rise to an upper level and stub-end near Avenue A at bumper blocks. Near the end, these tail tracks begin to separate to create a provision for a center track which only extends about 10 or 15 feet and stops at the bulkhead at the end of the tunnel. It was planned that these tracks would continue under the East River to the South Fourth Street Line, part of a never-built system expansion. These tracks east of the station were previously used for train storage but became an oft-frequented spot for the homeless due to its location near local missions and soup kitchens. The area was cleared out in 1990, and corrugated metal walls with bumper blocks were installed just past the east end of the platforms to seal the tunnels.
Second Avenue Subway service
As part of the 1929 IND Second System, plans for the Second Avenue Subway called for the new line to run directly above the existing Second Avenue station. Room was left for the anticipated four-track right-of-way above the Sixth Avenue trackways and directly east of the entrance at Second Avenue; on the west end of the platforms, the ceiling drops. Above this lower ceiling is an empty space that can fit either four trackways, two side platforms, and one island platform (similar to 34th Street–Penn Station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line) or two trackways and two side platforms. The trackways can be made out from the ceiling pattern from the active platforms. The mezzanine at Second Avenue, possibly intended as temporary, has doors that lead to the unused track space. Crew rooms were built on most of the space prior to the introduction of the V.
The current plans for the Second Avenue Subway, made in the 2000s, will not use this space; the new Houston Street station will instead be built below the existing one, with a free transfer between them. The decision to use a deeper alignment under Chrystie Street was made to simplify construction and lessen impact to the community. Second Avenue service would be tentatively provided by the T train once Phase 3 of construction is complete. When this happens, the station would become a terminal station for southbound service. There will be a double crossover north of the station. However, Phase 4 of construction would extend the line south, below Houston Street, in the direction of Hanover Square.
In addition to the current entrances, the Second Avenue Subway station will utilize a new entrance to be constructed at Second Avenue and Third Street. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Second Avenue Subway platform will be wheelchair-accessible; however, it is unknown if the Sixth Avenue Line platforms will also become accessible.
Notes
References
External links
Station Reporter — F Train
Abandoned Stations — IND Second System unfinished stations
Second Avenue entrance from Google Maps Street View
First Avenue entrance from Google Maps Street View
Mezzanine from Google Maps Street View
Platforms from Google Maps Street View
IND Sixth Avenue Line stations
New York City Subway stations in Manhattan
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1936
1936 establishments in New York City
Proposed IND Second Avenue Line stations
Lower East Side
East Village, Manhattan
Second Avenue (Manhattan) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Avenue%20station |
The Panel for Educational Policy of the Department of Education of the City School District of the City of New York, abbreviated as the Panel for Educational Policy and also known as the New York City Board of Education, is the governing body of the New York City Department of Education. The members of the board are appointed by the mayor, by the five borough presidents and one each elected by the five borough's CEC presidents.
History
Independent Board (1842–2002)
The New York State legislature established the New York City Board of Education in 1842.
Mayoral Control (2002–present)
On June 30, 2002, Mayor Bloomberg secured authority over the schools from the New York State legislature, which began the era of "mayoral control" over the city schools. The New York Supreme Court elaborates:
On June 30, 2009, the New York State Senate declined to renew the mayor's full authority over the school system. In particular, State Senate Democratic leader John Sampson, of Brooklyn, opposed the extension of mayoral control. The authority reverted for a time to the Board of Education, but mayoral control was restored until 2015 in a vote on August 6, 2009. The actual city agency running the schools remains the New York City Department of Education.
On January 29, 2021, two days after the January 27, 2021 panel meeting, Borough President James Oddo pulled Peter Calandrella, the Staten Island Representative to the Panel for Educational Policy, who was appointed to back in 2016, due to the fact that Mr. Calandrella voted against a contract extension for the administration of the controversial City Gifted & Talented exam. The borough president's statement mentioned the removal of Peter Calandrella was "not because of the substance of the vote, but because it went against what he, his staff and Calandrella had agreed on the night before". A letter from the entire panel was sent to Borough President Oddo requesting him to change his decision to remove Peter Calandrella from the PEP, however the removal was scheduled to be conducted on February 9, 2021. On March 9, 2021, it was announced that Borough President Oddo had appointed Jaclyn Tacoronte, a local business owner, to replace Peter Calandrella.
Members
There are 23 members of the panel. Each of the five borough presidents appoints one member, every borough's CEC presidents elect one member each, and the remaining thirteen are appointed by the mayor. The chancellor is an ex-officio on the panel and with no voting power along with the student representatives on the panel.
Voting Members
Aaron Bogad (Staten Island Borough president appointee)
Alan Ong (Mayoral appointee)
Alice Ho (Mayoral appointee)
Amy Fair (Mayoral appointee)
Anita Garcia (Mayoral appointee)
Anthony Giordano (Mayoral appointee)
Dr. Angela Green (Mayoral appointee)
Ephraim Zakry (Queens CEC Presidents’ representative)
Geneal Chacon (Bronx Borough president appointee)
Gladys Ward (Mayoral appointee)
Gregory Faulkner (Mayoral appointee)
Jessamyn Lee (Brooklyn CEC Presidents’ representative)
Dr. Kaliris Salas-Ramirez (Manhattan Borough president appointee)
Lily Chan (Mayoral appointee)
Maisha Sapp (Mayoral appointee)
Marjorie Dienstag (Mayoral appointee)
Michelle Joseph (Mayoral appointee)
Naveed Hasan (Manhattan CEC Presidents’ representative)
Phoebe Sade-Arnold (Mayoral appointee)
Sheree Gibson (Queens Borough president appointee)
Tazin Azad (Brooklyn Borough president appointee)
Thomas Sheppard (Bronx CEC Presidents’ representative)
Venus Sze-Tsang (Staten Island CEC Presidents' representative)
Non-Voting Members
David C. Banks, Chancellor
Analysis and criticism
In 2011, Panel for Educational Policy member Patrick Sullivan (who was appointed by then Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer in 2007)
suggested changing the system to have only six mayoral appointees, and that appointees should have fixed terms; additionally, he stated "For us not to have the same role in our kids' education as people who live in the suburbs or Middle America is patronizing."
See also
Samuel A. Lewis, elected a member in 1868
History of education in New York City
References
Notes
External links
New York City Board of Education/New York City Department of Education (Archive)
Archives in 1998
Public education in New York City
New York City Department of Education
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20City%20Panel%20for%20Educational%20Policy |
This is a list of episodes of the Japanese animated TV series .
Overview
It began airing its 26-episode run on NHK BS-2 on October 4, 2003, and ended on February 23, 2004. Produced and animated by Sunrise, it was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and scripted by Ichirō Ōkouchi (both of whom would later reunite in 2006 to work on the Sunrise original production Code Geass). The anime began development and production before the end of the manga serialization. In the beginning and middle of the series, the writing and production staff only had the first three volumes of the manga as source. In order to fill the entire 26-episode run of the anime, new characters, new settings and new relationships between characters were made in order to increase dramatic tension, reinforce themes introduced in the manga, and introduce new themes that were compatible with the manga. While the manga deals more with existential themes, and humanity's relationship with space, the anime further expands the political elements of the story.
The music of Planetes is a mixture of traditional orchestral music, supplemented by chorals, several uses of a theremin, and traditional Japanese woodwinds (e.g. Shakuhachi). The music score was composed by Kōtarō Nakagawa and produced by Victor Entertainment. The opening theme is "Dive in the Sky" by Mikio Sakai, and the ending themes are "Wonderful Life" by Mikio Sakai for episodes 1-25 and "Planetes" by Hitomi Kuroishi for episode 26. There are two insert songs, "A Secret of the Moon" by Hitomi Kuroishi, used in various episodes, and "Thanks My Friend" by Mikio Sakai used in episode 13.
Episodes
See also
Planetes
List of Planetes chapters
References
Specific
General
Planetes
Episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Planetes%20episodes |
Ed Kostenuk (October 12, 1925 in Victoria, British Columbia – September 2, 1997) is a former USAC IndyCar racecar driver.
He made six starts from 1962 to 1964 with a best finish of eleventh place. He failed to qualify for the 1962 Indianapolis 500.
See also
List of Canadians in Champ Car
References
Career Stats
1925 births
1997 deaths
Racing drivers from British Columbia
Sportspeople from Victoria, British Columbia
Canadian racing drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Kostenuk |
Belasica (Macedonian and Bulgarian: , also translit. Belasitsa or Belasitza, Ottoman Turkish: بلش Turkish: Beleş), Belles (, Bélles) or Kerkini (, Kerkíni;), is a mountain range in the region of Macedonia in Southeastern Europe, shared by northeastern Greece (about 45%), southeastern North Macedonia (35%) and southwestern Bulgaria (20%).
Geography
The mountain range is fault-block mountain about long and wide and is situated just northeast of Dojran Lake. The highest point is Radomir (Kalabaka) at 2,031 m, with elevation otherwise ranging between 300 and 1900 m above sea level. The borders of all three countries meet at Tumba Peak. The climate in the area shows strong Mediterranean influence.
The area of Belasica became a euroregion in 2003. Two football teams are named after the mountain range, PFC Belasitsa from the nearby Bulgarian town of Petrich and FC Belasica from Strumica in North Macedonia.
History
Since ancient times Greeks refer to the range as Ὄρβηλος (Modern Greek: , Ancient Greek: ). According to the ancient authors it was a mountain range in the border area between Thrace and Macedonia. It is generally equated today with the modern Belasica. The name Órbēlos is probably derived from the ancient Thracian/Paionian toponym of the mountain, which means "shining mountain", from belos – "blazing" or "shining", and or – "mountain". It was known for its Dionysos cult.
The area is also particularly famous for the Battle of Kleidion of 1014, which proved crucial for the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire.
Honour
Kongur Glacier on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after the peak and nature reserve of Kongur on Belasitsa Mountain.
Photo gallery
See also
Belasitsa Nature Park
Smolare Falls
References
Belasitsa. Tourist map, Sofia, 2006.
Благоевъ, Т. А. Бѣласица. София, 1925.
Динчев, Евг., Атанасов, П. Високите планини на Република Македония. Пътеводител, София, 1998, стр. 214–224.
"Енциклопедия Пирински край". Том 1, Благоевград, 1995, стр. 78.
References
External links
Belasitsa.com (regional portal)
Image Gallery From Belasica
Rhodope mountain range
Mountain ranges of Greece
Mountain ranges of North Macedonia
Mountain ranges of Bulgaria
Landforms of Blagoevgrad Province
Geography of Macedonia (region)
Bulgaria–Greece border
Bulgaria–North Macedonia border
Greece–North Macedonia border
International mountains of Europe
Landforms of Kilkis (regional unit)
Landforms of Serres (regional unit)
Landforms of Central Macedonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belasica |
The SkyBar (or Skybar) is a bar and lounge inside the Mondrian Hotel, in Los Angeles, California. It was opened in December 1996 by Rande Gerber. It features an outdoor area with a pool overlooking West Hollywood, as well an indoor area with bar. It is known for being visited by celebrities.
SkyBar is used by William Gibson in his 2007 novel Spook Country as a meeting place between the protagonist Hollis Henry and her employer Hubertus Bigend. In Shakira's 2010 song, "Men in This Town", she mentions SkyBar: I went to look / From the Sky Bar to the Standard, nothing took.
, the Mondrian Hotel is owned by SBE Entertainment Group, which also has SkyBar branded lounges in Nassau, Bahamas, and Miami Beach, Florida.
References
External links
Nightclubs in Los Angeles County, California
1996 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyBar |
George Adeniji Garrick of Siluko, MB ChB (8 April 1917 – 12 July 1988) held Nigeria's high jump record from 1938 until 1952.
Background
Born in Lagos on 8 April 1917, George Adeniji Garrick was the eldest son of Stanley David Garrick, a senior administrator and courtier to the Oba of Benin in the Kingdom of Benin, now in southwestern Nigeria. His grandfather was a Sierra Leone Creole catechist in Brass, Nigeria called J.D. Garrick.
George Garrick attended King's College, Lagos where he was Head Boy. He excelled academically and was also noted for his prowess at games including cricket, football, squash and athletics.
National record
In 1938, Garrick enjoyed his finest moment when he established the Nigerian High Jump record with a clearance of 6 feet 3 and 1/2 inches during an athletic competition in Lagos. His record remained unbeaten for fourteen years and earned him national recognition. An exercise book illustration was created to honour his contribution to sports in general and High Jump in particular; one which millions of Nigerian students are very familiar with.
Overseas success
The outbreak of World War II in 1939 ended Garrick's hopes of a medal at the British Empire Games which, ordinarily, would have been held in 1942. Nevertheless, he went on to register several athletic successes as a medical student at Glasgow University during the war years. In October 1946, he was awarded his Full Athletics Blue by the university; then, in 1947, he gained international honours representing Scotland against England and Ireland. Subsequently, he was appointed Captain of University Athletics for the 1948–49 season.
Professional and personal life
Returning to Nigeria after qualifying as a medical doctor, George Garrick entered the Government Medical Service and served in several parts of the country before going into private practice. In 1953, he married Princess Comfort Odinchezo Amobi of Ogidi, a granddaughter of Igwe Amobi I of Ogidi.
Upon his father's death in 1958, Garrick's inheritance of the lands and seigniorial standing of the Siluko barony bestowed by the Oba of Benin led him to settle permanently in Benin City to continue his medical career.
Garrick and his wife had two children together. Kola (d. 2009) and Tayo, the reclusive younger boy who is the present holder of the lands and title.
Final years
Dr. Garrick later served as vice president of the Bendel State Medical Association and on the state board of medical examiners, among others. In 1978, together with fellow practitioner Dr. N.O. Azinge, he was credited with important clinical observations regarding patient reactions to medication for the Stevens–Johnson syndrome.
Over time, as George Garrick's health declined, his interest in and patronage of sports in Nigeria at state and national level waned but he remained enthused by international athletics and cricket until the end of his life.
Biographical sources
Estate of George Adeniji Garrick of Siluko
National Archives of Nigeria
Estate of Princess Comfort Odinchezo Amobi
Glasgow University
National Library of Medicine
Garrick Family Archives
Niger Delta Congress
The Royal House of Amobi
National Center for Biotechnology Information
King's College, Lagos
1917 births
1988 deaths
Nigerian male high jumpers
Athletes from Lagos
Academics of the University of Glasgow
Sportspeople from Benin City
Yoruba sportspeople
Yoruba physicians
King's College, Lagos alumni
20th-century Nigerian medical doctors
Nigerian people of Sierra Leonean descent
People from colonial Nigeria
People of Sierra Leone Creole descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20A.%20Garrick |
The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) operates two seminaries for the formation of its pastors: Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri, and Concordia Theological Seminary in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Both seminaries grant the Master of Divinity degree which is ordinarily required to be ordained in the LCMS. They also offer a "colloquy" program for pastors who were ordained in other church bodies and want to join the LCMS. Advanced degrees such as Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Sacred Theology are also offered.
The seminaries operate independently of the Concordia University System, which comprises ten undergraduate institutions of the LCMS.
External links
Concordia Seminary, St. Louis
Concordia Theological Seminary, Fort Wayne
Lutheran seminaries
Lutheran buildings and structures in North America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminaries%20of%20the%20Lutheran%20Church%20%E2%80%93%20Missouri%20Synod |
Sky Bar is an American candy bar introduced by Necco in 1938, discontinued in 2018, and reintroduced in 2019 by the Sky Bar Confectionary Company. Each Sky Bar has four sections, each with a different filling—caramel, vanilla, peanut, and fudge—all covered in milk chocolate.
History
New England Confectionery Company
Sky Bar was first announced in March 1938, as the New England Confectionery Company (Necco) became the first manufacturer in the United States to introduce a molded candy bar with four different centers encased in a chocolate covering. The originator of the Sky Bar was a candy maker working for Necco named Joseph Cangemi. Necco introduced Sky Bar by means of a dramatic skywriting advertising campaign, and ran a "complete the sentence" contest in The Boston Globe with cash prizes to raise consumer awareness. The initial price for a Sky Bar was five cents.
Sky Bar's four different centers enrobed in chocolate were originally described in 1938 as English toffee, nougat, nut butter toffee, and fudge parfait. By 1955, they were English toffee, honey nougat, peanut whip, and fudge parfait. By 2001, the fillings were caramel, vanilla, peanut, and fudge. The peanut section was not peanut butter—it was a peanut-flavored caramel—while the vanilla section was not quite nougat or marshmallow, but similar to the consistency of a Valomilk cup.
In 1945, a Necco advertisement for Sky Bar was one of only six signs illuminated in New York City's Times Square following VE Day.
In late 2009, as an advertising tie-in with the DVD release of New Moon (from the Twilight vampire series), Necco released special chocolate bars inspired by the original Sky Bar candy. One bar, similar to the original, contained three filling flavors—caramel, creme and peanut butter. Another bar resembled a heart shape and only contained creme.
By 2014, Sky Bar had become difficult to find, but was still produced by Necco and could be found in some stores such as Cracker Barrel (especially in New England) or on the Internet through Amazon.com (in bulk) or some candy resellers.
Sky Bar Confectionery Company
Following the closure of Necco in mid-2018, the Sky Bar brand was sold at auction on September 27, 2018. The winning bidder was Louise Mawhinney, owner of a gourmet food store named Duck Soup based in Sudbury, Massachusetts. The new owner indicated plans to resume production in small batches in late 2019. In November 2019, operating as the Sky Bar Confectionery Company, ownership announced that Sky Bar was once again in production, available online and at the Duck Soup store in Sudbury. Beginning December 7th, 2019, the Sky Bar was sold at a separate Sky Bar store directly adjacent to Duck Soup, with the bar being produced in the rear of the store.
In popular culture
A Sky Bar candy bar is shown twice in the 2009 film The House of the Devil. Early in the film the Samantha Hughes character (Jocelin Donahue) opens and begins to consume a Sky Bar while in her college dorm room. Later, during her babysitting job, she's shown eating an already opened Sky Bar (presumably the unfinished candy bar from earlier).
In Dimension 20: The Unsleeping City, Sky Bars are a key plot point. Sofia Lee, played by Emily Axford, buys two Sky Bars, afterwards smooshing one into the ground as a sacrifice to her dead husband and eating three segments of the other offering the last one to her mentor.
Photographs
Sky Bars made by Necco included the Necco logo on the wrapper and imprinted on each of the four segments. Sky Bars made by the Sky Bar Confectionary Company have no logo on the wrapper, and "Sky" or "Bar" imprinted on each segment.
References
Further reading
External links
Necco's Sky Bar page via Wayback Machine
Sky Bar Candy Confectionary Company
Chocolate bars
Necco brands
American confectionery
1938 establishments in Massachusetts
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%20Bar |
Journey Behind the Falls (known until the early 1990s as the Scenic Tunnels) is an attraction in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada located in the Table Rock Centre beside the Canadian Horseshoe Falls. It is open year round and run by the Niagara Parks Commission.
Summary
Journey consists of an observation platform and series of tunnels near the bottom of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian shore of the Niagara River. The tunnels and platform can be reached by elevators from the street level entrance. The tour is unguided.
The two tunnels extend approximately behind the waterfall and allow visitors to view water cascading in front of the open cave entrances. The tunnels are approximately 2.4 metres wide (8 ft) and 2 metres tall (7 ft).
Earlier in the attraction's history, visitors were permitted far closer to the portals' edge. However, the ongoing erosion of the gorge left these areas with insufficient rock remaining on the sides, and new tunnels were built further back. Barricades now exist further back from the ledge at the end of the tunnels to ensure visitor safety.
The observation deck provides a vantage point looking up with the falls to the right, allowing photographers a full view of the famous landmark. The deck is sprayed with water from the cascade so visitors are provided with plastic raincoats prior to their descent.
History
The first tunnels opened in May 1889. Guides would carry lanterns to illuminate the passage. Eventually erosion required that the original tunnel needed to be abandoned, so in 1944 new tunnels were built further back from the edge and lined with concrete. These tunnels are lit with electric lights. An additional lower viewing platform was buit in 1951. In 1994, the Niagara Parks Commission changed the name of the Scenic Tunnels to Journey Behind the Falls to provide a more accurate description of the view that awaited tourists.
The Niagara Parks Commission launched a refreshed visitor experience at Journey Behind the Falls in 2023 that features significant renovations and new exhibits in the visitor queuing areas.
Gallery
References
External links
Journey Behind The Falls
Culture of Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls
Tourist attractions in Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Parks Commission | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journey%20Behind%20the%20Falls |
Möhnesee hengelsporyis a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
The Möhnesee municipality is situated around the Möhne Reservoir (hence the name), approx. 10 km south of Soest.
History
On the night of the 16/17 May 1943, the Dam which contains the Mohnesee was breached in an attack by Avro Lancaster Bombers of 617 Squadron of the British Royal Air Force, the "Dambusters".
In the 1980s the Möhnesee hosted the Campingkirche.
Neighboring municipalities
Arnsberg
Bad Sassendorf
Ense
Soest
Warstein
Notable places
The Drueggelter Kapelle can be found at Möhnesee-Drüggelte. It is consecrated to the Holy Cross.
Subdivisions
The municipality Möhnesee contains the following 18 subdivisions, with Körbecke as the largest:
References
External links
Official site
Lakes of North Rhine-Westphalia
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6hnesee |
Bengali literature () denotes the body of writings in the Bengali language and which covers Old Bengali, Middle- Bengali and Modern Bengali with the changes through the passage of time and dynastic patronization or non-patronization. Bengali has developed over the course of roughly 1,300 years. If the emergence of the Bengali literature supposes to date back to roughly 650 AD, the development of Bengali literature claims to have 1,600 years of old. The earliest extant work in Bengali literature is the Charyapada, a collection of Buddhist mystic songs in Old Bengali dating back to the 10th and 11th centuries. The timeline of Bengali literature is divided into three periods: ancient (650–1200), medieval (1200–1800) and modern (after 1800). Medieval Bengali literature consists of various poetic genres, including Hindu religious scriptures (e.g. Mangalkavya), Islamic epics (e.g. works of Syed Sultan and Abdul Hakim), Vaishnava texts (e.g. biographies of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu), translations of Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit texts, and secular texts by Muslim poets (e.g. works of Alaol). Novels were introduced in the mid-19th century. Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore is the best known figure of Bengali literature to the world. Kazi Nazrul Islam, notable for his activism and anti-British literature, was described as the Rebel Poet and is now recognised as the National poet of Bangladesh.
Ancient
The first works in Bengali appeared between 10th and 12th centuries C.E. It is generally known as the Charyapada and are 47 mystic hymns composed by various Buddhist monks, namely; Luipada, Kanhapada, Kukkuripada, Chatilpada, Bhusukupada, Kamlipada, Dhendhanpada, Shantipada and Shabarapada amongst others. The manuscript was discovered on a palm leaf in the Nepal Royal Court Library in 1907 by the Bengali linguist Haraprasad Shastri. Due to the language of these manuscripts only being partially understood, they were classified by Shastri with the name Sandhya Bhasha (সন্ধ্যা ভাষা), meaning dusk language.
Medieval (1200–1800)
Early medieval/Transitional (1200–1350)
This period is considered to be the time in which many common proverbs and rhymes first emerged. The Bengali alphabet became a lot like what it currently is. Ramai Pandit and Halayudh Misra were notable writers of this period.
Pre-Chaitanya (1350–1500)
Muslim writers were exploring different themes through narratives and epics such as religion, culture, cosmology, love and history; often taking inspiration from or translating Arabic and Persian literary works such as the Thousand and One Nights and the Shahnameh. The literary romantic tradition saw poems by Shah Muhammad Sagir on Yusuf and Zulaikha, as well as works of Zainuddin and Sabirid Khan. The Dobhashi culture introduced Arabic and Persian vocabulary into Bengali texts to illustrate Muslim stories. Epic poetry included Nabibangsha by Syed Sultan and Rasul Bijoy by Shah Barid.
Chandidas was the celebrated Hindu lyrical poet of this period, famed for translating Jayadeva's work from Sanskrit to Bengali and for producing thousands of poems dedicated to the love between Radha and Krishna such as the Shreekrishna Kirtana. Majority of Hindu writers in this period drew inspiration from a popular Maithili language Vaishnavite poet known as Vidyapati. Maladhar Basu's Sri Krishna Vijaya, which is chiefly a translation of the 10th and 11th cantos of the Bhagavata Purana, is the earliest Bengali narrative poem that can be assigned to a definite date. Composed between 1473 and 1480 C.E., it is also the oldest Bengali narrative poem of the Krishna legend. The Ramayana, under the title of Sri Rama Panchali, was translated by Krittibas Ojha.
Late medieval era (1500–1800)
Bengali literature flourished in Arakan following its reconquest. It was home to prominent writers patronised in the Arakan royal court such as Alaol, who wrote Padmavati, as well as Daulat Qazi, Dawlat Wazir Bahram Khan, Quraishi Magan Thakur who wrote Chandravati and Maradan who wrote Nasirnama. Qazi was the first poet under the court patronage. He started writing Satimayna O Lorchandrani, considered to be the first Bengali romance. Teamwork was common in the court, and Alaol finished off Qazi's romance as the latter had died before managing to complete it. Heyat Mahmud, a judge by profession, is considered to be the last poet of Middle Bengali literature.
Modern (1800–present)
The modern period of Bengali literature can roughly be categorized into six phases.
First phase: The era of prose (1800–1850). During this time, the Christian missionaries and Sanskrit-educated Bengali scholars worked to induce modernism through prose.
Second phase: The era of development (1850–1900). During this time, pioneers like Bankim Chattapadhyay and Michael Madhusudan Datta, wrote novels and poems that exhibit Western influence. These classics remain masterpieces through test of time.
Third phase: The era of Rabindranath Tagore (1890–1930). This period was dominated by Tagore's work and other works, especially poems, were subsumed by his influence.
Fourth phase: The post-Rabindranath Tagore phase (1930–1947). During this time, many writers made a conscious effort to move away from the Rabindrik influence. This continued roughly until the partition of India.
Fifth phase: The post-partition phase (1947–1970). After the partition, Bangla literature started developing separately in West Bengal and East Pakistan/Bangladesh focusing mostly view corresponding with on political and religious identities of each Bengal.
Sixth phase: Bangladesh/West Bengal era (1971–present). After creation of Bangladesh in 1971, literature in Bangladesh was invigorated by writers like Humayun Ahmed, who built a new style of writing in simple language appealing to the masses. Around the same time, West Bengali writers like Sunil Gangopadhyay, Samaresh Majumdar, and Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay, wrote with a fresh view of West Bengal in the era of globalization. As popular writers from this era demises, the literature created by the millennial era is yet to be characterized.
First and second phase (1800–1900)
The first Bangla books to be printed were written by Christian missionaries. were those by Christian missionaries. dom antonio's Brahmin-Roman-Catholic-Sambad, for example, was the first Bangla book to be printed towards the end of the 17th century. Bangla writing was further developed as Bengali scholars wrote textbooks for Fort William College. Although these works had little literary values, prose-writing was greatly developed with the practice of these didactic works. Raja Rammohan Roy contributed to Bengali collection of religious and educational books. As more journals and newspapers were published by missionaries and Brahmo Shamaj, the culture of writing to communicate novel ideals made rapid growth.
Michael Madhusudan Datta's first epic Tilottama Sambhab Kabya published in 1860 was the first Bengali poem written in blank verse. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was considered one of the leading Bengali novelists and essayists of the 19th century. He also wrote Vande Mataram, the national song of India, which appears in his novel Anandamath (1882). In the 1880s, Chatterjee critically analysed Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita as well as the problems of Krishnaism from a historical perspective in his Dharmatattva and Krishna Charitra.
Romesh Chunder Dutt and Mir Mosharraf Hossain are notable for their works of fiction. Girish Chandra Ghosh and Dwijendralal Ray were prominent playwrights of the time, whereas Akshay Kumar Boral and Ramendra Sundar Tribedi are famous for their influential essays. Rassundari Devi authored the first full-fledged autobiography in modern Bengali literature in 1876.
The pre-Tagore era also saw an undercurrent of popular literature which was focused on daily life in contemporary Bengal. The prose style, as well as the humour in these works, were often crass, blunt and accessible. A masterpiece in this regard was "Hutom Pechar Naksha" (The Sketch of the Owl) written by Kaliprasanna Singha, and satirically depicts "Babu" culture in 19th century Kolkata. Other notable works in this regard are "Alaler Ghorer Dulal" (The Spoilt Brat) by Peary Chand Mitra, "Ramtanu Lahiri o tatkalin Banga shamaj" (Ramtanu Lahiri & contemporary Bengali society) by Shibnath Shastri and "Naba Babu Bilas" & "Naba Bibi Bilas" by Bhabanicharan Bandopadhyay. These books arguably portrayed contemporary Bengali dialect and popular society effectively, and also incorporated now-extinct music genres such as Khisti, Kheur and Kabiyal gaan by stalwarts like Rupchand Pakhi and Bhola Moyra. Books like these have become rarer since the emergence of Tagore culture, and the burgeoning preference for literary elegance and refinement in Bengali society.
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's Vande Mataram played a vital role in the Indian independence movement and he is widely respected in India though less respected in Bangladesh his novels are popular in a lesser extent in Bangladesh. Bankim Memorial Award is the highest literary award which is given by the Government of West Bengal, India.
Third and fourth phases (1900–1947)
Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam are the most well-known prolific writers of Bengal in 20th century. Tagore is celebrated as the writer of both India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh's Amar Shonar Bangla as well as being a source of inspiration for the Sri Lanka Matha and similarly Nazrul is celebrated as the national poet of Bangladesh.
Sarat Chandra Chatterjee wrote novels, novellas, and stories. He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona and Pather Dabi are among his most popular works.
Short story writers
Bengali literature is also famous for short stories. Some famous short story writers are Rabindranath Tagore, Manik Bandopadhyay, Tarashankar Bandopadhyay, Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay, Rajshekhar Basu (Parasuram), Syed Mujtaba Ali, Premendra Mitra, Bengal is also known for its detective stories and novels written by Satyajit Ray, Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay and others.
Fifth phase: post-partition era (1947–1971)
Rajshekhar Basu (1880–1960) was the best-known writer of satiric short story in Bengali literature. He mocked the charlatanism and vileness of various classes of the Bengali society in his stories written under the pseudonym "Parashuram". His major works include: Gaddalika (1924), Kajjwali (1927), Hanumaner Swapna (1937), Gamanush Jatir Katha (1945), Dhusturimaya Ityadi Galpa (1952), Krishnakali Ittadi Galpa (1953), Niltara Ittadi Galpa (1956), Anandibai Ittadi Galpa (1958) and Chamatkumari Ittadi Galpa (1959). He received the Rabindra Puraskar, the highest literary award of Paschimbanga in 1955 for Krishnakali Ityadi Galpa. Rajsheskhar was also a noted lexicographer, translator and essayist. His Chalantika (1937) is one of the most popular concise Bengali dictionaries, while his Bengali-language translations of Meghaduta (1943), the Ramayana (1946), the Mahabharata (1949) and the Bhagavat Gita (1961) are also acclaimed. His major essays are included in Laghuguru (1939) and Bichinta (1955). Other three well-known authors of that time were Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay and Manik Bandyopadhyay; popularly known as Bandyopadhyay Troyee (Trio of Bandyopadhyays). Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay, who wrote under the pen name of Banaphul, was another noted author of that period. He is most noted for his short vignettes, often just half-page long, but his body of work spanned sixty-five years and included "thousands of poems, 586 short stories (a handful of which have been translated to English), 60 novels, 5 dramas, a number of one-act plays, an autobiography called Paschatpat (Background), and numerous essays." Saradindu Bandyopadhyay, who was also a renowned historical fiction writer, created the detective Byomkesh Bakshi. Other noted authors of this period included Premendra Mitra, Shibram Chakraborty, Narayan Gangopadhyay etc.
Prakalpana Movement
Prakalpana Movement, branded by Steve LeBlanc, the noted US critic, as 'a tiny literary revolution', 'nurtured' by Kolkata, has been fostering its new genres of Prakalpana fiction, Sarbangin poetry and Chetanavyasism for over four decades, spearheaded by Vattacharja Chandan, beginning in 1969. It is probably the only bilingual (Bengali -English) literary movement in India mothered by Bengali literature, that has spread its wings worldwide through the participation of well known international avant-garde writers and mail artists such as Richard Kostelanetz, John M. Bennett, Sheila Murphy, Don Webb, with notable Bengali poets, writers and artists like Vattacharja Chandan.
Sixth phase: two streams (1971–present)
Bangladesh stream
Humayun Ahmed, regarded as the Shakespeare of Bangladesh, created his own style of simplistic writing that became immensely popular. His characters like Himu, Misir Ali, Baker Bhai etc. continue to be household names loved by all. Other prominent writers include Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, Humayun Azad, Ahmed Sofa, Selina Hossain, Taslima Nasreen, and many others. Waliullah Bhuiyan is one of the modern-era authors and publishers in the children literature of Bangladesh. His books and stories are some of the best-selling books in Bangladesh. He started Goofi Books – where he writes and publishes children books focusing on developing values, empathy, creativity among children.
West Bengal stream
West Bengal Bengali literature was influenced by a flock of modernist thinkers who steered Bangla literature. Sunil Gangopadhyay, a poet, novelist, and children's story writer, was one of the most prolific writers of his time. Satyajit Ray created his own detective Feluda, who is accompanied by Tapesh Ranjan Mitra, regarded by his nickname 'Topshe' by Feluda and Lalmohan Ganguly. Ray also created the characters Professor Shonku and Tarini Khuro, a revolutionary scientist and an adventurer and storyteller respectively. Additionally, others who left marks include Buddhadeb Guha, Mahashweta Devi, Nirendranath Chakraborty, Samaresh Majumdar, Samaresh Basu, Suchitra Bhattacharya, Purusottom Kumar Debnath, Nabaneeta Dev Sen, Syed Mustafa Siraj, Baren Gangopadhyay, Amiya Bhushan Mazumdar, Debesh Roy, Atin Bandyopadhyay, Shankha Ghosh, Shakti Chattopadhyay, Moti Nandi, Kamal Kumar Majumdar, Shankar, Malay Roy Choudhury, Bani Basu etc.
See also
List of Bengali Poets
List Of Bengali Novelist
Bengali novels
List of notable writers
List of Bengali-language authors (chronological)
List of Bengali-language authors (alphabetical)
Ghosts in Bengali culture
References
External links
Library of Congress – Bengali Section
An English Magazine on Bengali Literature by Sayeed Abubakar
Bengali
Bengali culture
Indian literature by language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali%20literature |
Welver is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
History
The town was once known as Villinghausen or Vellinghausen. The Seven Years' War Battle of Villinghausen was fought nearby.
Geography
Welver is situated approximately 12 km south-east of Hamm and 12 km north-west of Soest.
Neighbouring cities, towns, and municipalities
Hamm, to the west and northwest
Lippetal, to the north
Soest, to the east and southeast
Werl, to the southwest
Division of the municipality
After the local government reforms of 1969, Welver consists of the following villages:
References
External links
Official site
Soest (district)
Soest Börde | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welver |
Amel Bent Bachir (; born 21 June 1985), better known by her stage name Amel Bent (), is a French pop singer who gained fame after reaching the semi-finals of season 2 of French TV singing competition Nouvelle Star. She is best-selling artist to come from that competition.
She is currently a "coach" on the similar French talent show The Voice: la plus belle voix.
Biography
Amel Bent grew up in the Paris suburb of La Courneuve with her Algerian father and Moroccan mother. She has a brother and a sister. Her career jump started after making it to the semi-finals of the reality TV show Nouvelle Star 2, France's version of Pop Idol. Although her performance did not make it to the finals, she was still noticed by some of the show's producers, and would end up making her début album later that year, titled: Un Jour d'été, released in late 2004. The album would sell more than 550,000 copies in France alone, but the success of the album would ultimately be derived from the single "Ma philosophie", which would sell more than 500,000 copies, staying at the No. 1 slot in France for more than six weeks during and after sales.
In 2012, Bent was one of the contestants during the Third Season of Danse avec les stars. She and her partner Christophe Licata finished in second place, but won the celebrity dancing show's Christmas special.
For her single "Je reste" 2011, Bent co-starred with the actor from Metal Hurlant Chronicles Karl E. Landler.
Discography
Albums
Singles
*Did not appear in the official Belgian Ultratop 50 charts, but rather in the bubbling under Ultratip charts.
Featured in
*Did not appear in the official Belgian Ultratop 50 charts, but rather in the bubbling under Ultratip charts.
Awards
2005 : Nominated at the MTV Europe Music Awards like Best French Act
2006 : Nominated at the NRJ Music Award like Francophone Revelation of the Year
2006 : Win the European Border Breakers Award of The Best French Act
2006 : Win the Victoires de la Musique of The Revelation of the Year
2008 : Nominated at the NRJ Music Award like Francophone Female Artist of the Year
2010 : Nominated at the NRJ Music Award like Francophone Female Artist of the Year
2013 : Nominated at the NRJ Music Award like Francophone Female Artist of the Year
Filmography
Notes
Sources
http://www.last.fm/music/Amel+Bent
http://influence.over-blog.com/article-10167534.html
External links
Amel Bent Ma Philosophie + Lyrics
Official MySpace
Interview with Amel Bent on SoulRnB.com (13/12/10)
1985 births
Living people
People from Joué-lès-Tours
French people of Algerian descent
French people of Moroccan descent
Nouvelle Star participants
Danse avec les stars winners
French rhythm and blues singers
21st-century French dancers
French Muslims
21st-century French singers
21st-century French women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel%20Bent |
Eric Lawrence Teed, (May 19, 1926 – December 30, 2010) was a Canadian lawyer, author, history, civil rights advocate and politician.
Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1947,a Bachelor of Civil Law degree in 1949 and a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1972, from the University of New Brunswick. He was called to the Bar of New Brunswick in 1949, he joined his family's Saint John law firm of Teed & Teed (established in 1884) and was a partner. He was appointed the honour of Queen's Counsel in 1966. He served as Commissioner of Inquiry into Municipal Labour Relations in 1986 and worked to establish the first Legal Aid clinic in the province. He retired in 2009.
Teed lectured on environmental, municipal, labour and civil liberties law at University of New Brunswick at Saint John (UNBSJ) . Founding Editor of the University of New Brunswick Law Journal.
He was elected to two terms as Mayor of Saint John from 1960 to 1964. He oversaw and approved
He was the Honorary Consul of Denmark in New Brunswick and was appointed a Knight of the Order of Dannebrog and awarded a Knight's Cross (member) of the Order of the Dannebrog for his many years service. Teed also served with the New Brunswick Scottish Regiment, attaining the rank of captain and received a Canadian Forces decoration of a "CD" for twelve years of service. Eric was a Freemason and a Past Master of Albion Lodge, and was an Honorary Member of the Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers International Union.
He is the author of Canada's First City (1963) and Handbook for Commissioner of Oaths (1964).
In 1987, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his years of community service and was awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977 and the Queen's 50th Jubilee Medal in 1992. Eric also received the Canada 125 medal as well as the Canadian Citation for Citizenship in 1994. Teed self-described as passionate about helping new Canadians and immigrants to Canada, Teed served as the past national president of the Canadian Citizenship Federation and received its Citizenship Merit Award.
He served as president of the Saint John Charter Rights and Civil Liberties Association, president of the John Howard Society of New Brunswick (Saint John Branch), founding member of the Elizabeth Fry Society, Secretary of the NB Human Rights Association, president of the Multicultural Association of Saint John, and Honorary Counsel for the NB Anti-Poverty Association.
Teed lived on Saint John's with his wife Lois and his five sons: Robert C.G., Peter E.L., John P. (Christopher), Terrence L.S. and David D.G.. He was a descendant of the Teeds of Rocklyn (Mariner George Teed) ( E.B. Chandler House) in Dorchester and of the Haningtons – loyalists who founded Shediac Cape, NB. Other ancestors and family relations include: John Francis Teed, master builder; Lawrence Young (IATA founding partner).
Teed was active in the Scout Canada movement and was the recipient of the National Scout Medal of Merit for services to the Scout Movement and the 35 years Scout service medal.
He died December 30, 2010 in St. John, New Brunswick.
References
Sources
1926 births
2010 deaths
Lawyers in New Brunswick
Canadian King's Counsel
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs
Officers of the Order of Canada
Mayors of Saint John, New Brunswick
Knights First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog
University of New Brunswick alumni
University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Teed |
The 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1755. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 97th (The Earl of Ulster's) Regiment of Foot to form the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment in 1881.
History
Early history
The regiment was originally raised by Colonel James Abercrombie as the 52nd Regiment of Foot in 1755 for service in the Seven Years' War. It was re-numbered as the 50th Regiment of Foot, following the disbandment of the existing 50th and 51st regiments, in 1756. The regiment's first action was when it embarked on ships and took part in the Raid on Rochefort in September 1757 during the Seven Years' War. In its early years the regiment wore a uniform of black facings and white lace; when they wiped sweat away with their cuffs the dye stained their faces, giving rise to the nickname the "Dirty Half-Hundred" ("half-hundred" equals fifty)."
The regiment embarked for Germany in June 1760 and saw action at the Battle of Corbach in July 1760, the Battle of Warburg later that month and the Battle of Villinghausen in July 1761 as well as the Battle of Wilhelmsthal in June 1762. It returned home in March 1763.
The regiment was posted to Jamaica in 1772, and then to New York in 1776. At this point, troops were transferred to other regiments and the officers returned to England to raise a new force; as such, the regiment did not see action in the American Revolutionary War. The men of the regiment served on various ships of the Royal Navy as marines and saw action at the First Battle of Ushant in July 1778. The regiment adopted a county designation and became the 50th (West Kent) Regiment of Foot in 1782.
The regiment embarked for Gibraltar in August 1784 and then moved to Corsica in January 1793 for service in the French Revolutionary Wars and took part in the Siege of Calvi in July 1794. It returned to Gibraltar in 1797 and moved to Menorca in 1799 before embarking for Egypt in 1800. The regiment fought at the Battle of Mandora in March 1801, the Battle of Alexandria later that month and the Siege of Cairo in May 1801. The regiment then proceeded to Malta in October 1801 and to Ireland in May 1802.
Napoleonic Wars
A second battalion was raised in 1804 to increase the strength of the regiment. The 1st battalion embarked for Copenhagen in July 1807 and saw action at the Battle of Copenhagen in August 1807 during the Gunboat War before returning home in November 1807. It then embarked for Portugal in May 1808 for service under General Sir Arthur Wellesley in the Peninsular War and saw action at the Battle of Roliça in August 1808 and the Battle of Vimeiro later that month. In January 1809 the battalion took part in the Battle of Corunna, commanded by Charles James Napier, carrying out successive bayonet charges to keep the French at bay, at which General Sir John Moore shouted "Well done, 50th! Well done, my Majors!". The battalion was subsequently evacuated from the Peninsula. Both battalions then embarked from the Downs in July 1809 and saw action in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign. It was the last regiment to leave Holland in December 1809.
The 1st battalion returned to Portugal in September 1810 and took part in the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811, the Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos in October 1811 and the Battle of Almaraz in May 1812 as well as the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813. It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813, the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 as well as the Battle of Orthez in February 1814 and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814. The regiment returned to Ireland in July 1814.
The Victorian era
The regiment was deployed to the West Indies in January 1819 and landed in Jamaica in March 1819. It was renamed the 50th (or Duke of Clarence's) Regiment of Foot, in honour of the future King William IV in 1827. It then became the 50th (the Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot in honour of the King's wife, Queen Adelaide in 1831. The regiment travelled to Australia in detachments as escorts to prisoners in 1834, with detachments then stationed at Sydney, Norfolk Island, and Tasmania, before being relieved and transported to India in 1841. It fought in the Gwalior campaign in December 1843 and were prominent at the Battle of Mudki in December 1845, the Battle of Ferozeshah later that month and the Battle of Aliwal in January 1846 as well as the Battle of Sobraon in February 1846 during the First Anglo-Sikh War. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Ryan, who had commanded the regiment in the early battles of the campaign and then commanded the 2nd Brigade at Sobraon, died two months later from the wounds he had received in that battle. The regiment arrived back in England in July 1848.
The regiment embarked for Malta in February 1854 from where it sailed to Varna in June 1854 for service in the Crimean War. The regiment fought at the Battle of Alma in September 1854, the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 and in the Siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854. The regiment left the Crimean Peninsula in May 1856.
The regiment landed in Auckland in November 1863 for service in the New Zealand Wars. It joined a field force which marched into the interior of the country as part of Lieutenant General Duncan Cameron's West Coast campaign and while encamped at Nukumaru near Whanganui came under sustained attack from Māori in January 1865 during the Second Taranaki War: a total of 11 private soldiers from the regiment and 23 Māori died in the engagement. The regiment moved to Sydney in June 1867 and then left for England in March 1869.
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 50th was linked with the 97th (The Earl of Ulster's) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 46 at Maidstone Barracks in Kent. On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 97th (The Earl of Ulster's) Regiment of Foot to form the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment.
Battle Honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:
French Revolutionary Wars 1793-1802: Egypt (With the Sphinx)
Peninsular War 1808-14: Vimiero, Corunna, Almaraz, Vitoria, Pyrenees, Nive, Orthes, Peninsula
Gwalior Campaign 1843: Punniar
First Sikh War 1845-46: Moodkee, Ferozeshah, Aliwal, Sobraon
Crimean War 1854-55: Alma, Inkerman, Sevastapol
Third Maori War 1863-66: New Zealand
Colonels
The regiment's colonels were as follows:
50th Regiment of Foot
1755–1756: Gen James Abercromby
1756–1759: F.M. Studholme Hodgson
1759–1760: F.M. John Griffin Whitwell, 4th Baron Howard de Walden KB
1760–1764: Lt-Gen Edward Carr
1764–1774: Gen Sir William Boothby Bt
1774–1775: Gen Michael O'Brien Dilkes
1775–1776: Col Hon George Monson (died in office in 1776)
1777–1798: Gen Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson Bt
1798–1839: Gen Sir James Duff
50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot
1839–1842: Gen Sir George Townshend Walker Bt GCB
1842–1844: Lt-Gen Sir Hudson Lowe KCB GCMG
1844–1849: Lt-Gen Sir John Gardiner KCB
1849–1851: Major-Gen Sir Dudley St Leger Hill KCB
1851–1852: Lt-Gen William Francis Bentinck Loftus
1852–1853: Major-Gen James Allan CB
1853–1854: Lt-Gen Sir George Arthur Bt KCH
1854–1861: Gen Sir Richard England GCB KH
1861–1862: Lt-Gen George Morton Eden
1862–1872: Lt-Gen Marcus John Slade
1872–1881: Gen Sir Edward Walter Forestier-Walker KCB
References
Sources
Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment
Infantry regiments of the British Army
Military units and formations established in 1755
Military units and formations of the United Kingdom in the Peninsular War
Military units and formations disestablished in 1881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50th%20%28Queen%27s%20Own%29%20Regiment%20of%20Foot |
Wickede (), officially Wickede (Ruhr), is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Wickede lists the town of Jemielnica in Poland as its twin city and enjoys the cultural exchange and relationship.
Geography
Wickede (Ruhr) is situated on the river Ruhr which runs directly through the town and shapes the townscape. Wickede (Ruhr) is situated approximately 20 km south of Hamm and 20 km south-west of Soest. The town encompasses 25.2 square kilometers and is located on the southern flank of a hill called "Haarstrang".
Neighbouring municipalities
Arnsberg
Ense
Fröndenberg
Menden
Unna
Werl
Division of the town
After the local government reforms of 1969 Wickede consists of 5 districts:
Echthausen (1.622 inhabitants)
Schlückingen (218 inhabitants)
Wiehagen (1.452 inhabitants)
Wimbern (1.003 inhabitants)
Wickede (8.564 inhabitants)
Notable people
Fritz Steinhoff (1897-1969), German politician (SPD)
References
External links
Official site
Soest (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickede |
Ross Bentley (born November 4, 1956) is a Canadian performance coach, racing driver, author, and speaker. His performance coaching spans executive/business coaching to sports (athletes and teams in a variety of sports, with a specialty in motorsports).
Racing career
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Bentley grew up in a racing household (father was a race mechanic, brother a mechanic and driver) and began driving himself at the age of four. He won 11 amateur racing championships during his early career.
In 1990, he debuted in CART with Spirit of Vancouver, a program that was formed to provide a car for a Vancouverite at the inaugural Molson Indy Vancouver. Bentley returned to the race the following year with Spirit of Vancouver; the effort received support such as pit crew and car from Dale Coyne Racing.
Bentley increased his CART schedule in 1992 with Coyne to include additional races outside of Vancouver, and would run seven races. That year's Vancouver event saw four Canadian drivers including Bentley, who finished 14th while managing a back injury. He continued racing for Coyne in 1993. During the buildup to the Indianapolis 500, Bentley was hospitalized and suffered burns on his hands and neck in a practice crash that caused a fuel regulator to split and pour methanol fuel into the cockpit. Bentley continued driving for Coyne in 1994, when the team brought on Pro Football Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton as a co-owner, but Payton Coyne Racing struggled with performance due to outdated equipment.
A lack of sponsorship forced him out of IndyCar in 1995, prompting him to compete in sports car racing. He competed in the World Sportscar Championship before returning to CART and Payton Coyne at Vancouver, but he failed to make the race after setting the slowest time in qualifying.
He continued his professional career in endurance racing. Bentley won the 1998 United States Road Racing Championship in the GT3 class and the 2003 24 Hours of Daytona in the SRPII Class.
Off the track
Bentley worked as a driving instructor at his Performance Advanced Driving School and a columnist for racing clubs in the 1980s.
He currently owns a consulting business, Bentley Performance Systems, which focuses on improving the performance of individuals, teams and organizations through coaching, workshops and the development of custom-designed programs.
In 1998, Bentley published the first in a series of racing technique and strategy books called Speed Secrets. To date, he has nine books published under the Speed Secrets banner, including Inner Speed Secrets with Ronn Langford and The Complete Driver with Bruce Cleland. He also co-wrote with Bob Bondurant on Race Kart Driving.
In 2017, Bentley released a new title, Performance Pilot (written with professional aviator Phil Wilkes) detailing aviation-specific procedures, techniques, and strategies to help pilots improve their flying performance.
Bentley currently lives with his wife and daughter in Issaquah, Washington, US.
American open–wheel racing results
(key)
PPG Indycar Series
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
Bibliography
Performance Pilot: Skills, techniques, and strategies to maximize your flying performance, Ross Bentley and Phil Wilkes (2017)
The Lost Art of High-Performance Driving, Ross Bentley (2017)
Ultimate Speed Secrets: The Racer's Bible, Ross Bentley (2011)
Speed Secrets 7: Winning Autocross Techniques, Ross Bentley (2009)
Speed Secrets 6: The Perfect Driver, Ross Bentley (2007)
Speed Secrets 5: The Complete Driver, Ross Bentley and Bruce Cleland (2006)
Speed Secrets 4: Engineering the Driver, Ross Bentley (2005)
Speed Secrets 3: More Professional Driving Techniques, Ross Bentley (2003)
Bob Bondurant on Race Kart Driving, Bob Bondurant and Ross Bentley (2002)
Speed Secrets 2: Inner Speed Secrets: Strategies to Maximize Your Racing Performance, Ross Bentley and Ronn Langford (2000)
Speed Secrets: Professional Race Driving Techniques, Ross Bentley (1998)
See also
List of Canadians in Champ Car
References
External links
1956 births
Racing drivers from British Columbia
Living people
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Champ Car drivers
Atlantic Championship drivers
Trans-Am Series drivers
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
American Le Mans Series drivers
Dale Coyne Racing drivers
Canadian racing drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bentley |
Zafar Ali Khan (1874– 27 November 1956) ( – ), also known as Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and a journalist who played an important role in the Pakistan Movement against the British rule.
Well-versed in Islamic as well Western knowledge such as the latest trends in economics, sociology and politics, he has been considered as one of the fathers of Urdu journalism.
Early life
Zafar was born into a Punjabi Jat family of the Janjua clan in Sialkot, British India. He received his early education at Mission High School, Wazirabad, Wazirabad District, matriculated (10th grade) from Patiala, and passed his intermediate (12th grade) from the Aligarh College. Next, he worked in the postal department of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the same place where his father worked, but resigned over a row with his seniors. He rejoined Aligarh College and gained his BA degree from there; stood fifth in his batch.
Career
After graduation, Khan was appointed secretary to a Muslim political leader Mohsin-ul-Mulk, then in Bombay. Then he worked for some time as a translator in Hyderabad, Deccan, rising to the post of Secretary, Home Department. He returned from Hyderabad and launched his daily Zamindar newspaper from Lahore , founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad.
Relation with the Ahmadiyya Movement
Zafar Ali Khan's relationship with the Qadiani movement was belligerent. He was among the vanguard, who censured Mirza Ghulam Qadiani for writing poems mocking him. He even wrote the preface to the book "His Holiness", which was written as a refutation of the Qadiani movement. Later on, when Pakistan was created he was an ardent participant of the 1953 Tehreek e Khatm e Nabuwat (a movement against the Qadianis), writing fervorous articles against them.
Poetry
He chose to write in Urdu. Khan's interest in poetry began in his childhood. His poems have religious and political sentiments. He was especially versed in impromptu compositions. His poetical output includes Baharistan, Nigaristan, and Chamanistan. His other works are Marka-e-Mazhab-o-Science, Ghalba-e-Rum, Sayr-e-Zulmet and an opera Jang-e-Roos-o-Japan.
Most popular Naats
'Woh shamaUjalaa jis ne kiya 40 baras tak ghaaron mein' sung by Mehdi Hassan, a Radio Pakistan production, a popular Naat written by Zafar Ali Khan
'' sung by Muneeba Sheikh, a Pakistan Television production, a popular Naat written by Zafar Ali Khan
Death
He died on 27 November 1956, in Wazirabad, Punjab. His funeral prayer was led by his companion Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi.
Memorials and legacy
Sahiwal Stadium, а multi-purpose stadium in Sahiwal, Punjab, was renamed as Zafar Ali Stadium in his honour. It is used for football and cricket games. The stadium holds 10,000 people.
He served the Pakistan Movement and was an outspoken activist against British rule. Recognising Zafar Ali Khan's contributions to the Pakistan Movement, the Punjab government in Pakistan established a 'Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Trust' that initiated the 'Zafar Ali Khan Award' for outstanding journalists to be awarded every year. A public degree college in Wazirabad is named after him as Government Molana Zafar Ali Khan Degree College.
Pakistan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.
Books
Some of his notable publications include:
Poetry
Bahāristān
Nigāristān
Camanistān
Rahāristān
Armag̲h̲ān-i Qādiyān
Kulliyāt-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān
Ḥabsiyāt
Nashīd-i Shīrāz, collection of Persian poems and articles published in different periodicals
K̲h̲amistān-i Ḥijāz, poetry about Muhammad
Essays
G̲h̲albah-yi Rūm : ek tārīk̲h̲ī tafsīr, historical commentary of Sūrat ar-Rūm on the victory of Romans over the Persians and the Muslims over the Meccan polytheists as predicted by Koran in AD 615
Taqārīr-i Maulānā Ẓafar ʻAlī K̲h̲ān̲, speeches of the author, especially in regard with the Khilafat movement
Lat̤āʼifuladab, on the relation between literature and Islam
Mʻaās̲h̲irat, on the social sciences
Jamāluddīn Afg̲h̲ānī : yaʻnī itiḥād-i Islāmī ke muharrik-i aʻzīm, Misr, Ṭarkī, Īrān aur Hindūstān ke z̲arīʻah ʻalim-i Islām man̲, biography of the Muslim reformer and independence fighter Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
Plays
Jang-i Rus va Japān : yaʻnī ek tārīk̲h̲ī ḍrāmā, a play on the Russian Japanese War, 1904–1905
Translations
Jangal buk, Urdu translation from the English of Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book
Al-Farooq : the life of Omar the Great, English translation from the Urdu of Shibli Nomani's Al-Farooq, a biography of Umar
See also
List of Pakistani journalists
List of people on the postage stamps of Pakistan
Notes
Maulana would never miss a chance to snub the British government and the Heavens had provided him ample opportunities to carry out his sacred mission. Shaheed Ghazi Ilam Din had killed a blasphemous person and was sent to gallows in the Mianwali jail. The government buried him in Mianwali which infuriated the Muslims in Punjab. They protested and made a unanimous demand to bring Shaeed's body to Lahore but no one was prepared to give coverage to their voice as Hindus dominated most of the newspapers in the old Punjab before 1947. A large procession led by Lal Din Qaiser reached the office of Zamindar in 1903 newspaper which was the only hope for the Muslims at that time and succeeded in getting newspaper coverage for their event.
References
Aligarh Muslim University alumni
Leaders of the Pakistan Movement
Pakistani male journalists
Pakistani writers
1874 births
1956 deaths
Punjabi people
Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India
Pakistani media personalities
Indian people of World War II
People from Wazirabad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafar%20Ali%20Khan |
RBU may refer to:
RBU (radio station), a longwave time signal
RBU-6000 Smerch-2, a 213 mm caliber Soviet anti-submarine rocket launcher
Rabindra Bharati University, West Bengal, India
Rayat-Bahra University, Punjab, India
Rock Band Unplugged, a video game | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBU |
Stihl (, ) is a German manufacturer of chainsaws and other handheld power equipment including trimmers and blowers. Their headquarters are in Waiblingen, Baden-Württemberg, near Stuttgart, Germany. Stihl was founded in 1926 by Andreas Stihl, an innovator in early chain saw production. Stihl says it is the world's best-selling brand of chain saws and the only chain saw manufacturer to make its own saw chains and guide bars. Andreas Stihl AG is a privately held company owned by the descendants of Andreas Stihl. Stihl operates the Stihl Timbersports Series.
Company history
Andreas Stihl designed and hand built his first chainsaw in 1926. The saw was electrically powered, and weighed about . Stihl grew slowly initially, as the chainsaws came to the market about the same time as the Great Depression; with manpower cheap, and old two-man saws proven, there was no need for power saws. In 1930, Stihl created the first ever chainsaw that could be operated by only one person. The company continued to grow and in 1931 it became the first European company to export chainsaws to the United States and the Soviet Union.
During the Second World War, the company operated in Bad Cannstatt as "A. Stihl Maschinenfabrik". After the factory was badly damaged in bombings in 1943-1944, it was moved to Neustadt (now Waiblingen). The company employed about 250 people in 1939, and during the war, it also employed a number of slave labourers. In 1945, Stihl, a Nazi Party and Allgemeine SS member, was arrested by Allied troops and his company was seized. After three years' detention, he was classified as a Mitläufer and released, and his company was returned.
Stihl has been the biggest chainsaw manufacturing company in the world since 1971. In the mid-1970s, Stihl expanded the company by building manufacturing plants in Brazil and in the United States. Much of the increased demand came from the construction and landscaping markets, although in Brazil it was mainly forest clearance. Along with the professional markets, Stihl designed a number of home-use equipment, like blowers, line trimmers, edgers, and chainsaws.
During the 1970s while building chainsaws, Stihl entered the weed-trimmer/brush-cutter market contracting a Japanese company as their supplier for several years until Stihl had their own model to build themselves.
In 1992, Stihl acquired Viking, an Austrian company.
In 2008, the newest Stihl production facility opened in Qingdao, China.
In December 2008, Stihl acquired the carburetor producer Zama to safeguard the supply and to enter a new business segment with growth potential.
Subsidiaries
Incorporated in Delaware, Stihl Inc. is the US subsidiary of Stihl International GmbH and is based in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Construction of the facilities there began in 1974. Along with the manufacturing facilities, there are also warehouses and administration buildings at the 150-acre complex. Stihl Inc. employs almost 2,000 employees on 2 million square feet of buildings.
Andreas Stihl Ltd was founded in 1978 in the United Kingdom.
Product gallery
Sponsorships
Air Racing
National Championship Air Races (title sponsor, 2016-present)
Football
NorthEast United (2019–Present)
References
External links
Manufacturing companies established in 1926
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Agricultural machinery manufacturers of Germany
Tool manufacturing companies of Germany
Lawn and garden tractors
Chainsaws
German brands
1926 establishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stihl |
Édouard Louis Joseph, 1st Baron Empain (20 September 1852 – 22 July 1929), was a wealthy Walloon Belgian engineer, entrepreneur, financier and industrialist, as well as an amateur Egyptologist. During World War I he became a known Major General.
Early life
Empain was born at Belœil, Belgium, and was the son of schoolteacher François Julien Empain and his wife Catherine (née Lolivier). He went into business with his brother, Baron François Empain and other family members, and amassed a great fortune.
Empain began his career a draughtsman at a metallurgical company, Société métallurgique, in 1878, and became involved in railway construction when he noticed that transport infrastructure in the countryside was inadequate. After success in Belgium with the Liège-Jemeppe line, his companies developed several railway lines in France, including the creation of the Paris Métro.
Because he felt that he depended too much on the banks for his industrial plans, in 1881 he founded his own bank, Banque Empain, which later became the Belgian Industrial Bank ("Banque Industrielle Belge"). The Empain group of companies expanded greatly throughout the 1890s, constructing electric urban tramlines in Europe as well as railways in Russia, China, the Belgian Congo, and in Cairo, Egypt. Desiring to also be independent of electricity producers, Empain also was involved in forming a number of electricity companies to power his projects.
Egypt
Édouard Empain arrived in Egypt in January 1904, intending to rescue one of the projects of his company S.A. des Chemins de Fer de la Basse-Egypte; being the construction of a railway line linking Mansourah (on the Nile river) to Matariya (on the far side of Lake Manzala from Port Said).
In 1906, Empain established the Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis Oases Company, which bought a very large stretch of desert (25 square kilometres) to the northeast of Cairo at a low price from the Egyptian government. Commencing in 1906 this company proceeded with the building of the new town of Heliopolis, in the desert ten kilometers from the center of Cairo. It was designed as a "city of luxury and leisure", with broad avenues and equipped with all necessary conveniences and infrastructure; water, drains, electricity, hotel facilities, such as the Heliopolis Palace Hotel (formerly the presidential palace of ex-President Hosni Mubarak) and Heliopolis House, and recreational amenities including a golf course, racetrack and park. In addition, there was housing for rent, offered in a range of innovative design types targeting specific social classes with detached and terraced villas, apartment buildings, tenement blocks with balcony access and workers' bungalows.
Today, Baron Empain is perhaps best known by modern visitors to Egypt for the building of a palace (the Palais Hindou) in the Avenue des Palais (renamed Orouba Avenue following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952) Heliopolis, Egypt. Inspired by Angkor Wat in Cambodia and the Hindu temples of Orissa,, the Baron Empain palace was designed by French architect Alexandre Marcel (1860–1928) and decorated by Georges-Louis Claude (1879–1963), with construction being completed in 1911.
In 1905, Empain assisted the Belgian government in the purchase of an Old Kingdom mastaba for the royal museum in Brussels, of which he was a benefactor. In 1907 he received the title of Baron, and also suggested to Belgian Egyptologist Jean Capart that he excavate at Heliopolis, where his building constructions were underway. He also made it possible for Capart to acquire some fine ancient artefacts for the Brussels Museum.
Military career
During World War I, he was given the rank of general and directed armaments production at Paris and Le Havre for the Belgian army.
He died in Woluwe, Belgium, and was buried in Our Lady of Heliopolis Basilica (Basilique Notre-Dame d'Héliopolis). In Egypt.
He was succeeded as baron by his son, Jean Empain, who married American burlesque performer Rozell Rowland (sometimes Rozelle Rowland). They entertained frequently at the Heliopolis. Jean, 2nd Baron Empain, was succeeded by their son, Édouard-Jean Empain.
Honours
:
Honorary Aide-de-camp of the HM the King.
War Cross
Grand Officer in the Order of Leopold.
: Knight grand Cross of the Order of the Nile.
: Knight grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
: Companion of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath.
: Commander of the Legion of Honour.
See also
The town of Kindu in the Belgian Congo was known as Port Empain.
Heliopolis Oasis Company
Heliopolis
Notes
Further reading
Howard Shakespeare, Belgian Companies in Egypt, (published by the International Bond & Share Society, 1998).
Van Loo, Anne & Bruwier, Marie-Cécile (eds.), Héliopolis, Brussels: Fonds Mercator, 2010, 229 p., richly illustrated .
Une Donation d'antiquités égyptiennes aux Musées royaux de Bruxelles, (1911).
External links
An article from the Egyptian Mail, by Samir Raafat, on the founding of the Cairo Electric Railways & Heliopolis Oases Company.
An article from the Egyptian Mail, by Samir Raafat. on the building of the Palace of the Baron Empain.
A selection of images of the palace of Baron Empain (in Heliopolis, Egypt)
Empain, Baron Edouard Louis Joseph
Empain, Baron Edouard Louis Joseph
Empain, Baron Edouard Louis Joseph
Empain, Baron Edouard Louis Joseph
Belgian bankers
Walloon people
Honorary Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
Belgian Army generals of World War I
People from Hainaut (province)
19th-century Belgian engineers
20th-century Belgian engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard%20Empain |
Roger Iddison (15 September 1834 – 19 March 1890) was an English cricketer, and the original captain of Yorkshire County Cricket Club. He made seventy two first-class appearances for Yorkshire between 1855 and 1876, scoring 1,916 runs at an average of 20.60, and taking 102 wickets at 15.09.
Born in Bedale, Yorkshire, to Roger and Jane Iddison, Iddison was a right-handed batsman who also bowled right-arm underarm slow lobs. He was noted for his fielding at point.
His father was a guano merchant with a shop in Market Place, Bedale. Roger had a younger brother, William Holdsworth Iddison, who also played first-class cricket. Roger Iddison was first a butcher by trade, then kept a shop for cricket articles in Manchester (1864).
He was part of the first team of English cricketers to tour Australia. The team travelled on the SS Great Britain. Each player was paid £150.00 and guaranteed first class travelling expenses by the sponsors, Melbourne based businessmen Spiers and Pond. They played 15 matches in Australia between 1 January and 22 March 1862. He played his first match at Lord's between 9 and 11 June 1862.
In 1869, Iddison played in 27 first-class matches and made 1,059 runs. Together with George Freeman he founded the United North of England Eleven in 1869. He was the professional at Harrow School from 1871-2; and joint secretary with C D Barstow of the Yorkshire United Eleven in 1874.
He was a commission agent at York from 1870, until his death in York in 1890.
References
External sources
CricketArchive
Roger Iddison Genealogy
Iddison Family Tree
Further reading
Neville Cardus, Second Innings, Collins, 1950
J M Kilburn, "A Century of Yorkshire County Cricket", Yorkshire Post, 1963
1834 births
1890 deaths
English cricketers
Yorkshire cricketers
Yorkshire cricket captains
United North of England Eleven cricketers
People from Bedale
Lancashire cricketers
Players cricketers
Cricketers from Yorkshire
North v South cricketers
Yorkshire with Stockton-on-Tees cricketers
Married v Single cricketers
Yorkshire and Durham cricketers
United All-England Eleven cricketers
Cambridgeshire and Yorkshire cricketers
All-England Eleven cricketers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Iddison |
Maryland Route 545 (MD 545) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Blue Ball Road, the state highway runs from MD 213 in Elkton north to Kirk Road and Warburton Road at Pleasant Hill in central Cecil County. MD 545 was constructed to Little Elk Creek near Childs in the early 1930s and extended to Pleasant Hill in the late 1940s.
Route description
MD 545 begins at MD 213 (Bridge Street) on the west side of Elkton. The state highway heads west as two-lane undivided Elkton Boulevard, which becomes Blue Ball Road when the highway curves north at Bratton Road. MD 545 intersects MD 279 (Elkton Road) and crosses Dogwood Run before leaving the town of Elkton. The highway intersects Dogwood Road, crosses Gravelly Run, then passes under Interstate 95 with no access and immediately crosses Little Elk Creek. MD 545 parallels the creek to the road's narrow, curved passage under CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision rail line as it enters the village of Childs. The highway intersects Leeds Road in the hamlet of Leeds before reaching its northern terminus at an intersection with Kirk Road and Warburton Road in the hamlet of Pleasant Hill. Blue Ball Road continues northwest as a county highway toward Blue Ball Village.
History
MD 545 was paved as a concrete road from MD 280 (now MD 213) to Little Elk Creek near Childs in 1933. This work included the construction of a steel pony truss bridge over Little Elk Creek that was completed in 1932. MD 545 was extended to Pleasant Hill after the state reconstructed Blue Ball Road from there to Childs as a gravel road between 1947 and 1949 and resurfaced soon after with bituminous concrete. The highway was resurfaced with bituminous concrete from MD 280 to Dogwood Road in 1969 and from Dogwood Road to Pleasant Hill in 1972. In January 2010, the Maryland State Highway Administration put the 1932 pony truss bridge MD 545 used to cross Little Elk Creek up for sale to any buyer willing to preserve the bridge at a new location. No interested party was found, so the old bridge was demolished in June and July 2011. The new concrete bridge opened in November 2011.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 545
MD 545 at AARoads.com
Maryland Roads - MD 545
545
Maryland Route 545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20545 |
Jacopone da Todi, O.F.M. (ca. 1230 – 25 December 1306) was an Italian Franciscan friar from Umbria. He wrote several laude (songs in praise of the Lord) in the local vernacular. He was an early pioneer in Italian theatre, being one of the earliest scholars who dramatised Gospel subjects.
Life
Born Jacopo dei Benedetti, he was a member of a minor noble family. He studied law in Bologna and became a successful lawyer. At some point in his late 20s, he married a young noblewoman, Vanna di Bernardino di Guidone, who according to some accounts, was a pious and generous woman. Due to his reputation as a worldly and greedy man, she took it upon herself to mortify her flesh in atonement for his behavior.
Not long after their wedding, Benedetti urged his wife to attend a public tournament. In the course of the spectacle, she was killed when part of the stand in which she was sitting gave way. Rushing to her side, he discovered that she had been wearing a hairshirt. The shock of his wife's death and the evidence of her secret penance made made such an impression on him that he abandoned his profession and became a Franciscan tertiary.
Benedetti gave up his legal practice, gave away all his possessions and from about 1268 lived as a wandering ascetic, joining the Third Order of St. Francis. During this period, he gained a reputation as a madman, due to his eccentric behavior, acting out his spiritual vision, earning him the nickname he was to embrace of Jacopone. Examples of this behavior included appearing in the public square of Todi, wearing a saddle and crawling on all fours. On another occasion, he appeared at a wedding in his brother's house, tarred and feathered from head to toe.
After about ten years of this life, Benedetti sought admission to the Friars Minor, but they were reluctant to accept him due to his reputation. He soon composed a beautiful poem on the vanities of the world, which led to his admission into the Order in 1278. He chose to live as a lay brother.
By this time, two broad factions had arisen in the Franciscan Order, one with a more lenient, less mystical attitude and one being more severe, preaching absolute poverty and penitence (known as the "Spirituals" or Fraticelli). Benedetti believed that the friars’ engagement with the University of Paris undermined the concepts of humilitas and simplicitas. He was connected with the latter group and in 1294 they sent a deputation to Pope Celestine V to ask permission to live separately from the other friars and to observe the Franciscan Rule in its perfection. The request was granted but Celestine resigned the papacy before action was taken and was succeeded by Pope Boniface VIII, who opposed the more rigorous views.
During the struggle that followed, Benedetti publicized the Spirituals' cause by writing verses highly critical of their opponents, the pope included. When two brother-cardinals, the Colonnas, sided with the Spirituals and with the king of France against Pope Boniface, and Benedetti gave his support to the Colonnas, politics and even war entered upon the scene. The pope excommunicated them. A battle between the two rival parties ensued, ending with the siege of Palestrina and the imprisonment and excommunication of Benedetti in 1298. He was freed in 1303 upon the death of Boniface, having been specifically excluded from the Jubilee Year of 1300 by papal bull.
Broken and in poor health, Benedetti retired to Collazzone, a small town situated on a hill between Perugia and Todi, where he was cared for by a community of Poor Clares. His condition deteriorated toward the end of 1306, and he sent word requesting that his old friend, John of La Verna, come to give him the last rites. John arrived on Christmas Eve and comforted him, as he died about midnight.
Benedetti's body was originally buried in the monastery church. In 1433 his grave was discovered and his remains transferred to a crypt in the Franciscan Church of San Fortunato in Todi.
Poetry
Benedetti's satirical and denunciatory Laude witness to the troubled times of the warring city-states of northern Italy and the material and spiritual crisis that accompanied them. The laude are written in his native Umbrian dialect and represent the popular poetry of the region. Many hundreds of manuscripts attest to the broad popularity of his poems in many contexts - although anonymous poems are often attributed to him by the tradition. Other laude extol the spiritual value of poverty.
Some of his laude were especially in use among the so-called Laudesi and the Flagellants, who sang them in the towns, along the roads, in their confraternities and in sacred dramatical representations. With hindsight, the use of the laude may be seen as an early seed of Italian drama that came to fruition in later centuries.
The Latin poem Stabat Mater Dolorosa is generally attributed to Benedetti, although this has been disputed. It is a fine example of religious lyric in the Franciscan tradition. It was inserted into the Roman Missal and Breviary in 1727 for the Feast of the Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated on the Friday before Good Friday. Following changes by Pope Pius XII, it now appears on the Feast of Our Lady's Sorrows celebrated on 15 September. Many composers have set it to music, including Josquin des Prez, Giovanni Palestrina, Alessandro Scarlatti, Domenico Scarlatti, Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Gioacchino Rossini, Toivo Kuula, Antonín Dvořák and Ernő Dohnányi.
Veneration
From the time of his death, Benedetti was considered to have been a saint by his followers, both within and outside of the Franciscan Order. He is honored as Blessed within the Order.
Several attempts were made over the centuries to have the Catholic Church recognize his sanctity. In the 17th century, both the City Council and the cathedral chapter of Todi petitioned the Holy See to do so. In the 19th century, the Postulator for the causes of saints of the Order of Friars Minor collected documents for this step.
To date, however, the church has never formally approved this devotion. One possible reason for this may be the conflict between Benedetti and Pope Boniface VIII.
Legacy
Benedetti was steadfast in condemning corruption, especially through his satirical Italian poems. Benedetti would not recant his position on the requirement of ascetic poverty, believing that the mainstream church had become corrupt and that its ministers were not interested in the welfare of the poor. It was a time of famine and poverty in Italy and many mystics and preachers like Gioacchino da Fiore anticipated the end of the world and the coming of Christ. They also said kings and clergy had become too attached to material goods and too interested in their personal wars rather than the welfare of the country.
Benedetti's preaching attracted many enthusiasts and Dante praised him in his Paradiso.
See also
Christian mystics
Christian poetry
Saint Francis of Assisi
References
Sources
Giudice, A. e Bruni, G. Problemi e scrittori della letteratura italiana. Torino, Paravia, 1981.
Sapegno, N. Santo Jacopone. Torino, Edizioni del Baretti, 1926, p. 30.
Novatti, F. Freschi e minii del Dugento. Milano, Cogliatti, 1925, pp. 202–204.
Bibliography
Venuti, Lawrence. Translation Changes Everything. Routledge, 2012. Chapter 4: Translating Jacopone da Todi: archaic poetries and modern audiences.
External links
Underhill, Evelyn. Jacopone da Todi, Poet and Mystic, J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London, 1919
1236 births
1306 deaths
People from Todi
Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis
Medieval Latin poets
Italian male poets
Italian dramatists and playwrights
Italian Friars Minor
Roman Catholic religious brothers
Franciscan mystics
13th-century venerated Christians
14th-century venerated Christians
13th-century Christian mystics
14th-century Christian mystics
Burials in Umbria
13th-century writers in Latin
13th-century Italian poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopone%20da%20Todi |
Emsdetten (; Westphalian: Detten) is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Emsdetten is situated on the river Ems, approx. south-east of Rheine and north-west of Münster.
Neighbouring places
Rheine
Hörstel
Saerbeck
Greven
Nordwalde
Steinfurt
Neuenkirchen
Division of the town
Emsdetten consists of 8 districts:
Emsdetten
Ahlintel
Austum
Hembergen
Hollingen
Isendorf
Sinningen
Westum
2006 school shooting
On 20 November 2006, 18-year-old former student Bastian Bosse entered the Geschwister Scholl School, fired several shots and set off smoke grenades. He injured 22 people before killing himself by a shot into the mouth. Even though there were no other fatalities, the shooting was considered the deadliest school shooting in the history of Germany since the Erfurt massacre; this position is now held by the Winnenden school shooting.
Twin towns – sister cities
Emsdetten is twinned with:
Chojnice, Poland
Hengelo, Netherlands
Notable people
Walt Tkaczuk (born 1947), ice hockey player, first German born player in the National Hockey League
Kathrin Vogler (born 1963), politician, MdB
Atze Schröder (born 1965), comedian
Norbert Krüler (born 1957), musician
Valerie Niehaus (born 1974), actress
Christina Schulze-Föcking (born 1976), politician, MdL NRW
Tim Wieskötter (born 1979), sprint canoeist, Olympic winner
Lutz Altepost (born 1981), sprint canoeist, Olympic medalist and world champion
Benjamin Behrla (born 1985), judoka
Sebastian Sebastian Bosse (29 April 1988 – 20 November 2006) Perpetrator of the Emsdetten Emsdetten school shooting
Gallery
References
External links
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Steinfurt (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsdetten |
Dmitri Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 1 in C major, Op. 49, was composed in six weeks during the summer of 1938. It carries no dedication. Shostakovich said that in this quartet he had "visualized childhood scenes, somewhat naïve and bright moods associated with spring."
Premiere
The work was premiered in Leningrad on 10 October 1938 by the Glazunov Quartet. It was also premiered in Moscow on 16 November 1938 by the Beethoven Quartet. This premiere began a lifelong friendship between Shostakovich and the quartet.
Structure
In the traditional style of a string quartet, the work has four movements:
Playing time is approximately 15 minutes.
First movement
The first movement, in C major, is in sonata-allegro form. The exposition starts with flowing chords under an opening theme, which then moves to a contrasting second theme. After a brief development section and recapitulation, the movement comes to a close.
Second movement
The slow second movement, in A minor, consists of eight variations on a folk-like melody first played on the solo viola. The movement ends with a pizzicato A minor chord.
Third movement
The third movement, a scherzo, is set in the remote key of C minor. It begins with a rapid theme in time, before moving on to the trio in F major which is slightly more relaxed in tempo. The scherzo is repeated again, with the coda briefly recalling the trio theme.
Fourth movement
The last movement returns to the home key of C major.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
01
1938 compositions
Compositions in C major | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20Quartet%20No.%201%20%28Shostakovich%29 |
Prestfoss is the administrative center of Sigdal municipality in Buskerud, Norway. Highway Fv287 passes through Prestfoss. Both Fv132 and Fv133 start from here.
Summary
The population of Pressfoss as of 2005 was 465. Prestfoss is located 1.5 hours northwest of Oslo (100 km). Prestfoss is the location of Holmen Church (Holmen Kirke) a parish church which dates from 1853. Prestfoss is also the site of the Folk Music Center of Buskerud
(Folkemusikksenteret i Buskerud), of Sigdal Museum and of Lauvlia, the former home of artist Theodor Kittelsen.
These museums operate as part of the Buskerud Museum (Buskerudmuseet), a foundation for the preservation of cultural heritage within Buskerud.
Local attractions
Folk Music Center of Buskerud
The Folk Music Center of Buskerud is an open-air cultural heritage museum offering a good image of the building style and traditions of the district. The Folk Music Center is principally responsible for collecting, storing and promoting local folk music and dance. The Archives of the Folk Music Center contains historical materials regarding local folk music.
Sigdal Museum
Sigdal Museum is a folkmuseum for the districts of Sigdal, Modum and Krødsherad.
The museum comprises 13 buildings, mainly farmhouses, grouped together as examples of the rural life of the past. During summer, visitors experience activities relating to traditional crafts and shows. A building, opened in 1978, houses a fine collection of regional costumes, from the 1800s to the present day. Sigdal Museum is situated on the grounds of the former Sigdal Nickel Works, which was in operation from 1874 until 1879.
Lauvlia
Norwegian artist Theodor Kittelsen settled near Prestfoss during 1899. Kittelsen was one of the most popular artists in Norway, mostly because of his fairy tale drawings and evocative paintings of people and trolls, animals and landscapes. Lauvlia, his former home, is located north of Prestfoss along Route Fv287. The surrounding area, with scenic view of Lake Soneren and Andersnatten which overlooks the lake, inspired some of Kittelsen's most famous landscapes.
Today Lauvlia is a private museum featuring an exhibition of Kittelsen's original work. Lauvlia is decorated with Kittelsen's own woodcarvings and murals. A new exhibition of original Kittelsen works is opened each year with painting and drawing activities arranged for children. The paintings exhibited are rotated each year.
References
External links
Folk Music Center in Buskerud
Sigdal Museum in Prestfoss
Lauvlia - Theodor Kittelsen Home
Buskerud Museum website
Villages in Buskerud
Cities and towns in Norway
Sigdal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestfoss |
thumb|250 px|Statkraft Hurum saltkraftverk
Tofte is a village in the Asker municipality in Viken, Norway. It is situated on the Hurum Peninsula (Hurumhalvøya) on the Oslo Fjord. It is the second largest settlement in Hurum.
Before 1897, there were no densely populated areas on Tofte. At Sagene, a marble grinding mill was built by the Sagene River in the mid-1890s.
In 1896, Anthon Bernhard Elias Nilsen (1855-1936) bought property with associated forest properties, with the intention of building a cellulose factory. The factory was built in 1897, and put into operation in 1899. In 1907, Anthon Nilsen also founded a cellulose factory at Sagene, a couple of kilometers southwest of the factory at Tofte.
These two factories, Tofte Cellulosefabrik AS and Hurum Fabriker AS, became the center of employment during the following century.
Tofte is now best known for Södra Cell Tofte, a cellulose factory which is the major industry in Tofte. Statkraft Hurum salt plant (Statkraft Hurum saltkraftverk), the world's first saline power plant based on osmosis, was opened by the energy company Statkraft during 2009.
Crown Princess Mette-Marit opened the plant.
In May 2014, Statkraft and Södra signed a letter of intent under which Statkraft acquired Södra Cell Tofte. Statkraft subsequently formed
Tofte Biomass Hub with the goal of establishing biofuel production based on raw forest material.
In 2020, Roald Amundsen's historic ship Maud was being repaired outside Tofte, prior to being put on public display having been salvaged in Canada.
References
External links
Discover Tofte (Statkraft)
Villages in Viken (county)
Villages in Buskerud
Villages in Asker
Villages in Hurum
Hurum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofte%2C%20Norway |
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except for tabtoxinine-β-lactam, which inhibits glutamine synthetase) bind to PBPs, which are essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis. PBPs are members of a subgroup of enzymes called transpeptidases. Specifically, PBPs are DD-transpeptidases.
Diversity
There are a large number of PBPs, usually several in each organism, and they are found as both membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. For example, Spratt (1977) reports that six different PBPs are routinely detected in all strains of E. coli ranging in molecular weight from 40,000 to 91,000. The different PBPs occur in different numbers per cell and have varied affinities for penicillin. The PBPs are usually broadly classified into high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) categories. Proteins that have evolved from PBPs occur in many higher organisms and include the mammalian LACTB protein.
Function
PBPs are all involved in the final stages of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which is the major component of bacterial cell walls. Bacterial cell wall synthesis is essential to growth, cell division (thus reproduction) and maintaining the cellular structure in bacteria. Inhibition of PBPs leads to defects in cell wall structure and irregularities in cell shape, for example filamentation, pseudomulticellular forms, lesions leading to spheroplast formation, and eventual cell death and lysis.
PBPs have been shown to catalyze a number of reactions involved in the process of synthesizing cross-linked peptidoglycan from lipid intermediates and mediating the removal of D-alanine from the precursor of peptidoglycan. Purified enzymes have been shown to catalyze the following reactions: D-alanine carboxypeptidase, peptidoglycan transpeptidase, and peptidoglycan endopeptidase. In all bacteria that have been studied, enzymes have been shown to catalyze more than one of the above reactions. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (involved in formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (involved in cross-linking of the peptide subunits) and the serine at the active site is conserved in all members of the PBP family.
Some low-molecular-weight PBPs associate with the MreB cytoskeleton and follow its rotation around the cell, inserting petipdoglycan in an oriented manner during cell growth. In contrast, high-molecular-weight PBPs are independent from MreB and maintain cell wall integrity by detecting and repairing defects in the peptidoglycan.
Antibiotics
PBPs bind to β-lactam antibiotics because they are similar in chemical structure to the modular pieces that form the peptidoglycan. When they bind to penicillin, the β-lactam amide bond is ruptured to form a covalent bond with the catalytic serine residue at the PBPs active site. This is an irreversible reaction and inactivates the enzyme.
There has been a great deal of research into PBPs because of their role in antibiotics and resistance. Bacterial cell wall synthesis and the role of PBPs in its synthesis is a very good target for drugs of selective toxicity because the metabolic pathways and enzymes are unique to bacteria. Resistance to antibiotics has come about through overproduction of PBPs and formation of PBPs that have low affinity for penicillins (among other mechanisms such as lactamase production). These experiments change the structure of PBP by adding different amino acids into the protein, allowing for new discovery of how the drug interacts with the protein. Research on PBPs has led to the discovery of new semi-synthetic β-lactams, wherein altering the side-chains on the original penicillin molecule has increased the affinity of PBPs for penicillin, and, thus, increased effectiveness in bacteria with developing resistance.
Presence of the protein penicillin binding protein 2A (PBP2A) is responsible for the antibiotic resistance seen in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
The β-lactam ring is a structure common to all β-lactam antibiotics.
Other images
See also
PASTA domain
References
Bacterial proteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin-binding%20proteins |
Holmsbu is a small village located in Viken, Norway.
Holmsbu is situated in the municipality of Asker on the west side of the peninsula of Hurumlandet on Drammensfjord. The village had 309 residents as of 1 January 2014. The seaport village was granted city status (ladested) in 1847 and lost its status in 1964.
Old wooden buildings along the waterfront are largely preserved. The village has attracted both artists and tourists. Holmsbu Bad is a hotel dating back to 1880. The hotel is situated overlooking Holmsbu harbor and Drammensfjorden.
Holmsbu Art Gallery (Holmsbu Billedgalleri) was designed and constructed during the period 1963 to 1973. The art gallery focuses on the art work of Holmsbu Painters Oluf Wold-Torne (1867–1919), Thorvald Erichsen (1868–1939) and Henrik Sørensen. Holmsbu Art Gallery, which received the Houen Foundation Award, was designed by Norwegian architect Bjart Mohr and was opened in 1973.
Holmsbu Church (Holmsbu Kirke) is constructed of wood and was built in 1887. The church has long plan and 300 seats. Holmsbu chapel (Holmsbu kapell) was inaugurated on March 23, 1887. The chapel is located in the hilly landscape on the outskirts of the village of Holmsbu ca. 500 m east of Drammensfjorden and ca. 7 km south of the main church.
Gallery
References
External links
Holmsbu Painters
Holmsbu: an overlooked art treasure
Former cities in Norway
Villages in Viken (county)
Villages in Buskerud
Villages in Asker
Villages in Hurum
Hurum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmsbu |
Klokkarstua is a village in Asker municipality in Viken county, Norway. It is located on the southern part of Hurumlandet, the peninsula between the Oslofjord and Drammensfjord.
Highway 289 (Rv289) runs through the village and meanders west down to the Drammensfjord, where the ferry goes on to Svelvik. This is the location for a production plant of Rottefella ski bindings. It also has a sports complex. Klokkarstua was the administrative centre of the former municipality of Hurum until 2012. Hurum Church is located at Klokkarstua. Its population (2005) is about 700.
Hurum Church (Hurum kirke) is a medieval era stone church dating from 1150. The pulpit was a gift from the wife of naval hero, Ivar Huitfeldt. This is the location of the Huitfeldt family tomb which dates from 1750.
References
Villages in Viken (county)
Villages in Buskerud
Villages in Asker
Villages in Hurum
Hurum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klokkarstua |
George D. Maziarz (born May 25, 1953) is a Republican politician from New York State. From 1995 to 2015, Maziarz represented the 62nd District in the New York State Senate, which included all of Niagara County, all of Orleans County, and the towns of Sweden and Ogden in Monroe County. In March 2018, Maziarz pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor to avoid trial on five felony charges arising out of the alleged filing of false campaign finance reports.
Biography
Maziarz is a native of North Tonawanda, New York, where he was educated in local schools, first at Ascension Academy and then at North Tonawanda High School, graduating in 1972. Four years later, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Niagara University.
He was appointed City Clerk in his hometown of North Tonawanda in 1978 at the age of 25 and he became Niagara County, New York Clerk in 1989. Six years later, State Senator John Daly resigned his seat to become Commissioner of the New York State Department of Transportation, and Maziarz entered the State Senate after winning a special election.
He has served as President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Tonawandas, member of the Board of Directors of the United Way of the Tonawandas, member of the Corporate Advisory Board of DeGraff Memorial Hospital and Chairman of the popular Canal Festival of the Tonawandas. He is also a past officer and long-time member of Live Hose Co. #4, member of the Niagara County Volunteer Firemen’s Association, Knights of Columbus Council 2535, S.C.O.P.E. and the Niagara University Booster Club.
During the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney chose George Maziarz as a Polish-American representative to support his campaign.
New York State Senate
Maziarz was first elected to the New York State Senate in 1995 and was a "power-broker" in Western New York Republican circles during his term in office. In January 1997, Maziarz was named Chairman of the Senate Aging Committee, a post which he held through the 2001-2002 session. At various points Maziarz served as chairman of the Tourism, Recreation, and Sports Development Committee, Labor Committee, and Energy and Telecommunications Committee; he was also a member of the Rules; Higher Education; Crime, Crime Victims, and Corrections; Environmental Conservation; and Transportation committees. He voted against same-sex marriage legislation on December 2, 2009; the bill was defeated. In 2011, Maziarz voted against a similar bill allowing same-sex marriage in New York, the Marriage Equality Act, which narrowly passed the Senate in a close 33-29 vote.
In July 2014, "amid reports that his office [was] under investigation by a federal prosecutor," Maziarz announced that he would not seek re-election to the Senate that fall.
Corruption charges and guilty plea
In 2014, a team of investigators of the Moreland Commission to Investigate Public Corruption issued subpoenas that showed that "Maziarz's campaign had failed to disclose $147,000 in contributions and $325,000 in spending." A review of Maziarz's bank records showed "personal, nonpolitical expenditures" made from campaign accounts; from 2007 through 2013, investigators found that credit and debit cards associated with Maziarz's campaign funds were used to pay "$28,000 at stores like Pier 1 and Michaels; $7,500 at Shutterfly, the photo-printing site; and $7,850 for reading material, including a stop at a Borders store at Kennedy Airport."
In March 2017, Maziarz was charged with five felony counts of filing false campaign expenditure reports. The New York State Attorney General's Office charged that Maziarz had made the reports to illegally conceal $100,000 in payments to a former aide who had departed from his position amid accusations of sexual harassment. Maziarz pleaded not guilty.
On March 20, 2018, Maziarz pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor as part of a deal allowing him to avoid trial for five felony counts. Maziarz was fined $1,000 "after admitting to one count of offering a false instrument for filing as part of a scheme to cover up payments from his political campaign. "
References
External links
New York State Senate: George D. Maziarz
1953 births
Living people
Republican Party New York (state) state senators
Niagara University alumni
People from North Tonawanda, New York
American politicians of Polish descent
21st-century American politicians
New York (state) politicians convicted of crimes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Maziarz |
CUS may refer to:
Cambridge Union Society
Canadian Union of Students
Critical university studies
Catholic University School
Chicago Union Station
Commonwealth of Unrecognized States
Concordia University System
Confederation of Labour Unification (Spanish: ) in Nicaragua
Constitution of the United States
Copper monosulfide (CuS)
Urban Community of Strasbourg (French: )
"C.U.S.", a song by Norther
Cus D'Amato, American boxing manager and trainer who handled the careers of Mike Tyson, Floyd Patterson, and José Torres
Centro Universitario Sportivo, Italian sport governing body (at university level). Locally version, in the various cities, of Centro Universitario Sportivo Italiano (for example CUS Rome, Cus Milan...)
Custom House station, London, England (National Rail station code)
Computer user satisfaction
See also
Cuss (disambiguation)
Kus (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUS |
Kevin G. Lynch (born January 1951) is a Canadian economist and former Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Cabinet, Canada's most senior civil servant.
Life and career
Born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Mount Allison University, a Master of Economics degree from the University of Manchester, and a PhD in economics from McMaster University in 1980. He is married with two children.
Lynch began his career with the Bank of Canada as an economist in 1976. In 1981, he joined the Department of Finance and rose quickly through the ranks, becoming a Director in 1983 and an Assistant Deputy Minister in 1988. In 1992 he became Associate Deputy Minister at Industry and Deputy Minister of that department in 1995. In 2000, he returned to Finance, this time as Deputy Minister.
In 2004, he moved from Ottawa to Washington, DC, to serve as Executive Director for the Canadian, Irish and Caribbean constituency at the International Monetary Fund.
On March 6, 2006, he became the 20th Clerk of the Privy Council. On May 7, 2009, he announced that he would step down on July 1. He was replaced by Secretary of the Treasury Board Wayne Wouters.
On May 11, 2009, he was sworn in as a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada giving him the Pre-nominal title "The Honourable" and the Post-nominal letters "PC" for Life.
He is Chairman of SNC-Lavalin, the Montreal-based engineering company; Vice-Chair of the BMO Financial Group and the Chair of the Board of Governors of the University of Waterloo.
In 2011, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his contributions as a senior public servant, notably as head of Canada’s public service, and as a business leader and volunteer".
In September 2011, the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (APF Canada) and the Canada West Foundation established the Canada-Asia Energy Futures Task Force with Kevin G. Lynch and Kathleen (Kathy) E. Sendall, C.M., FCAE, a former Governor and Board Chair of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), as co-chairs, and to investigate a long-term Canada-Asia energy relationship. One of their recommendations was the creation of a public energy transportation corridor.
On July 1, 2013, Lynch became Chancellor of the University of King's College in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
On December 19, 2017, Lynch was named chairman of the board of directors of SNC-Lavalin.
References
1951 births
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Canadian economists
Canadian people of Irish descent
Clerks of the Privy Council (Canada)
Living people
McMaster University alumni
Mount Allison University alumni
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Sydney, Nova Scotia
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20G.%20Lynch |
"Cry of Silence" is an episode of the original Outer Limits. It first aired on 24 October 1964, during the second season.
Opening narration
"In the not-distant future, the sound of Man will invade those unknown depths of space which as yet we cannot even imagine. In his own world there are no places left beyond the reach of his voice. His neighbor is no longer just next door, but anywhere at the end of a wire. And it all began when prehistoric man discovered the art of communication..."
Plot
A city couple driving in the countryside make a turn into a mysterious valley road where their car hits a rock and stops working. After the couple leave their car, the wife has a slight accident in which she rolls downhill and sprains her ankle. When the husband reaches her, they realise they are being stalked and attacked by tumbleweeds which appear to be possessed by some form of energy. At first they attempt to keep the tumbleweeds at bay with fire, but soon run out of firewood.
At this point they are saved by a severely disturbed (possibly schizophrenic) farmer named Lamont, who explains that things have been awkward in the valley ever since a "meteor" landed two weeks before, causing his farm to be destroyed. Lamont tells them he stayed merely out of curiosity, but now the possessed weeds, trees and rocks won't allow him to leave either. The three make their way to Lamont's house where they spend a frightening night surrounded by tumbleweeds first, and then thousands of frogs. The wife discovers Lamont's diary containing eloquent and intelligent passages regarding his awareness of an apparent alien presence. In the morning, they walk back to the car without trouble, only to be attacked by living rocks once they get there. One rock apparently kills Lamont. The couple run back to the farmhouse, where Lamont eventually returns and sits down in a chair, remaining motionless, speechless and in a trance-like state, with the couple trying to rouse him, and then realizing that he has been possessed by an unknown entity. The husband then decides that the only way they are ever to escape is to attempt to communicate with whatever is behind the possessions. The husband manages to make contact through self-hypnosis, and is briefly possessed by what appears to be a non-corporeal alien mind that came to Earth out of mere curiosity, but failed to establish communication. The extraterrestrial presence bemoans its vain attempt at communicating with humans and eventually departs after transmitting the idea that mankind perhaps needs more time to evolve in order to communicate with it. After its departure, everything returns to normal, allowing the couple to return to their car. On their way home, the husband compassionately philosophises that, while both of them are only a few miles away from their home, the alien intelligence must be far further from its own.
Closing narration
"'And the light shineth in the darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not.' The sound of Man probes the dimensionless range of space, seeking an answer. But if it comes, will he hear? Will he listen? Will he comprehend?" The beginning is a quote from John 1:5.
Cast
Eddie Albert – as Andy Thorne
June Havoc – as Karen Thorne
Arthur Hunnicutt – as Lamont
Helen Thurston – Stuntwoman (uncredited)
Notes
The early scenes in this episode featuring the stranded couple menaced by sinister tumbleweeds bear a strong resemblance to Algernon Blackwood's well-known horror short story "The Willows".
The closing narration could be interpretated as a reflection about the limitations of our intellect as human beings, as well as a nod to cultural relativism, with the central idea of an extraterrestrial mind being potentially so different from ours that interaction and mutual understanding would be difficult, if not outright impossible.
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry%20of%20Silence |
Domain engineering, is the entire process of reusing domain knowledge in the production of new software systems. It is a key concept in systematic software reuse and product line engineering. A key idea in systematic software reuse is the domain. Most organizations work in only a few domains. They repeatedly build similar systems within a given domain with variations to meet different customer needs. Rather than building each new system variant from scratch, significant savings may be achieved by reusing portions of previous systems in the domain to build new ones.
The process of identifying domains, bounding them, and discovering commonalities and variabilities among the systems in the domain is called domain analysis. This information is captured in models that are used in the domain implementation phase to create artifacts such as reusable components, a domain-specific language, or application generators that can be used to build new systems in the domain.
In product line engineering as defined by ISO26550:2015, the Domain Engineering is complemented by Application Engineering which takes care of the life cycle of the individual products derived from the product line.
Purpose
Domain engineering is designed to improve the quality of developed software products through reuse of software artifacts. Domain engineering shows that most developed software systems are not new systems but rather variants of other systems within the same field. As a result, through the use of domain engineering, businesses can maximize profits and reduce time-to-market by using the concepts and implementations from prior software systems and applying them to the target system. The reduction in cost is evident even during the implementation phase. One study showed that the use of domain-specific languages allowed code size, in both number of methods and number of symbols, to be reduced by over 50%, and the total number of lines of code to be reduced by nearly 75%.
Domain engineering focuses on capturing knowledge gathered during the software engineering process. By developing reusable artifacts, components can be reused in new software systems at low cost and high quality. Because this applies to all phases of the software development cycle, domain engineering also focuses on the three primary phases: analysis, design, and implementation, paralleling application engineering. This produces not only a set of software implementation components relevant to the domain, but also reusable and configurable requirements and designs.
Given the growth of data on the Web and the growth of the Internet of Things, a domain engineering approach is becoming relevant to other disciplines as well. The emergence of deep chains of Web services highlights that the service concept is relative. Web services developed and operated by one organization can be utilized as part of a platform by another organization. As services may be used in different contexts and hence require different configurations, the design of families of services may benefit from a domain engineering approach.
Phases
Domain engineering, like application engineering, consists of three primary phases: analysis, design, and implementation. However, where software engineering focuses on a single system, domain engineering focuses on a family of systems. A good domain model serves as a reference to resolve ambiguities later in the process, a repository of knowledge about the domain characteristics and definition, and a specification to developers of products which are part of the domain.
Domain analysis
Domain analysis is used to define the domain, collect information about the domain, and produce a domain model. Through the use of feature models (initially conceived as part of the feature-oriented domain analysis method), domain analysis aims to identify the common points in a domain and the varying points in the domain. Through the use of domain analysis, the development of configurable requirements and architectures, rather than static configurations which would be produced by a traditional application engineering approach, is possible.
Domain analysis is significantly different from requirements engineering, and as such, traditional approaches to deriving requirements are ineffective for development of configurable requirements as would be present in a domain model. To effectively apply domain engineering, reuse must be considered in the earlier phases of the software development life cycle. Through the use of selection of features from developed feature models, consideration of reuse of technology is performed very early and can be adequately applied throughout the development process.
Domain analysis is derived primarily from artifacts produced from past experience in the domain. Existing systems, their artifacts (such as design documents, requirement documents and user manuals), standards, and customers are all potential sources of domain analysis input. However, unlike requirements engineering, domain analysis does not solely consist of collection and formalization of information; a creative component exists as well. During the domain analysis process, engineers aim to extend knowledge of the domain beyond what is already known and to categorize the domain into similarities and differences to enhance reconfigurability.
Domain analysis primarily produces a domain model, representing the common and varying properties of systems within the domain. The domain model assists with the creation of architectures and components in a configurable manner by acting as a foundation upon which to design these components. An effective domain model not only includes the varying and consistent features in a domain, but also defines the vocabulary used in the domain and defines concepts, ideas and phenomena, within the system. Feature models decompose concepts into their required and optional features to produce a fully formalized set of configurable requirements.
Domain design
Domain design takes the domain model produced during the domain analysis phase and aims to produce a generic architecture to which all systems within the domain can conform. In the same way that application engineering uses the functional and non-functional requirements to produce a design, the domain design phase of domain engineering takes the configurable requirements developed during the domain analysis phase and produces a configurable, standardized solution for the family of systems. Domain design aims to produce architectural patterns which solve a problem common across the systems within the domain, despite differing requirement configurations. In addition to the development of patterns during domain design, engineers must also take care to identify the scope of the pattern and the level to which context is relevant to the pattern. Limitation of context is crucial: too much context results in the pattern not being applicable to many systems, and too little context results in the pattern being insufficiently powerful to be useful. A useful pattern must be both frequently recurring and of high quality.
The objective of domain design is to satisfy as many domain requirements as possible while retaining the flexibility offered by the developed feature model. The architecture should be sufficiently flexible to satisfy all of the systems within the domain while rigid enough to provide a solid framework upon which to base the solution.
Domain implementation
Domain implementation is the creation of a process and tools for efficiently generating a customized program in the domain.
Criticism
Domain engineering has been criticized for focusing too much on "engineering-for-reuse" or "engineering-with-reuse" of generic software features rather than concentrating on "engineering-for-use" such that an individual's world-view, language, or context is integrated into the design of software.
See also
Domain-driven design
Product family engineering
References
Sources
Software design
Ontology (information science)
Software development process
Systems engineering
Business analysis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20engineering |
Maria Sokil (Rudnytsky) (October 18, 1902 – January 20, 1999) was a Ukrainian opera singer.
Biography
Sokil was born in the village of Zherebets' (now Tavriiske) in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast on October 18, 1902. She studied at the conservatory in Katerynoslav from 1920 to 1925. She later studied in Italy, France, and Germany.
She made her opera debut in Kharkiv in 1927 in the role of Marguerite in Gounod's opera Faust and became the prima donna lyric soprano of that opera theater. In 1929, she and bass Ivan Patorzhynsky, representative singer from Ukraine, went on a concert tour to Germany and Italy. Maria remained in Kharkiv until 1930; later, she joined the Kyiv Opera (1930–1932). While in Kharkiv she met (1902–1975), whom she married in 1931. Rudnytsky was a composer, conductor, and pianist from Lviv, and he had recently been named an orchestra conductor in Kharkiv. Later, in 1932, Maria Sokil performed at the Lviv Opera and Ballet Theater and, with her husband, toured a number of countries in Eastern and Central Europe for the next several years coming with concerts to the United States and Canada in 1937 and then again in 1938–1939 and then remaining in the United States when World War II started.
She had success with the roles of Desdemona (Verdi's Otello), Mimi (Puccini's La Bohème), Liu (Puccini's Turandot), Elsa (Richard Wagner's Lohengrin), Tatiana (Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin), Lisa (Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades), Odarka (Hulak-Artemovsky's Zaporozhets za Dunayem), and Natalka (Lysenko's Natalka Poltavka). In 1939, Sokil had the leading role (Odarka) in the motion picture Cossacks in Exile (Zaporozhets za Dunayem), made in the United States. Maria Sokil and her husband subsequently continued their musical activities in several different ways for many years in the United States.
She died on January 20, 1999, in Youngstown, Ohio, at the age of 96.
Children:
Dorian Rudnytsky (born 1944), cellist and composer
Roman Rudnytsky (Роман Рудницький) (born 1942), pianist
Grandchildren:
Tara Palmer (Rudnytsky)
Evan Rudnytsky
Oksana McStowe (Rudnytsky)
Damian Rudnytsky
References
External links
Obituary in The Ukrainian Weekly, February 7, 1999, No. 6
1902 births
1999 deaths
People from Zaporizhzhia Oblast
American operatic sopranos
Ukrainian operatic sopranos
20th-century Ukrainian women opera singers
20th-century American women opera singers
Ukrainian emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Sokil |
Emperor of the Sea (; literally "Sea God") is an epic South Korean television drama series starring Choi Soo-jong, Chae Shi-ra, Song Il-kook، Soo Ae and Chae Jung-an It aired on KBS2 from November 24, 2004, to May 25, 2005, on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 51 episodes. The period drama is based on Choi In-ho's 2003 novel Hae-sin, which depicts the life of Jang Bogo, who rises from a lowly slave to a powerful maritime figure who dominated the East Asia seas and international trade during the Unified Silla dynasty.
The series was received extremely well, holding the number one spot in the ratings for majority of the weeks it aired. It was also exported to eight countries earning approximately in profits.
The filming set in Wando County, South Jeolla Province also became a tourist attraction.
Plot
Jang Bogo (Choi Soo-jong) rises from a lowly slave to the military commander of the sea during the Unified Silla dynasty. Along the way, he battles pirates, and engages in a heated rivalry with Madam Jami (Chae Shi-ra), a Silla noble who squares off against Jang Bogo for trade rights in the South Sea. Yeom Jang (Song Il-gook), Jang Bogo's charismatic comrade, supports Jang in his ascension to become the "Emperor of the Sea." But Yeom Jang competes with Jang Bogo for the love of Lady Jung-hwa (Soo Ae).
Cast
Choi Soo-jong as Jang Bogo/Gungbok
Baek Sung-hyun as young Gungbok
Jang Bogo is an historical figure who virtually dominated the seas of the East Asia (hence name "Sea God" or "Emperor of the Sea") and international trade from Tang China and Japan to the North China sea during the time of Unified Silla dynasty.
Gungbok starts from lowest social class as a slave on the docks of Cheonghae. Gungbok lost his mother to pirates when he was young. His father was a slave carpenter in Police Office of Cheonghae. Working hard in the rough dock, Gungbok soon masters the sea and has the knack of building ships. Faced with challenges, he becomes calmer and bolder. Both Gungbok and his mate Nyeon learn martial arts from certain Choi Moo-chang. Such abilities helped him to rise from a gladiator to a security guard, military head of Muryongun and then ambassador of Cheonghae. As a part of this, he eliminated the pirates by installing Cheonghaejin on Wando, which is a geographically important sea route. With his clever battle strategies, he is able to defeat the army led by Madam Jami and install the true ruler of Korea. However, even after repeated requests by the king, he refuses the high positions. After the king is assassinated by the cunning Kim Yang, he prepares the army to lead a final assault and remove the corrupt ministers appointed by Kim Yang.
At the end, Consul Jang Bogo is fatally stabbed in his office with a concealed knife by Yeom Jang. Jang Bogo accepts his death without any resistance, and his body is found at midnight by Nyeon, Choi Moo-chang and Jung-hwa. Even after his death, his army fights to the last man as a mark of respect.
Chae Shi-ra as Madam Jami
A Silla noble and businesswoman. She first plays a role in Lady Jung-hwa's destiny. But as the story progresses, her grudges towards Jang Bogo leads to her downfall, and her life ends in tragedy.
Song Il-kook as Yeom Jang/Yeom Moon
Hong Hyun-ki as young Yeom Moon
Raised by pirates, young Yeom Moon brandished short knives with remarkable skill and accuracy. Later in the story, he is captured by Jang Bogo, and receives the harshest punishment of branding as a pirate, and his forehead bears the burn mark. He is eventually released from prison by Kim Yang. For this, he trains Kim Yang's men in martial arts and leads the assault against Madam Jami's men, when they temporarily reconcile with Jang Bogo. He is later appointed the head of the king's bodyguards. With war looming against Jang Bogo, he visits Cheonghae to defuse the situation. He promises Kim Yang that if the need arises, he will assassinate him, provided Kim spares Jang Bogo's wife (daughter of Jang Bogo's trade master) and their new born child, Jung-hwa and the people of Silla. During their meeting, he tries his best to deviate Jang from his attack, but Jang has made up his mind to put an end to the ineffective and corrupt ministers in the king's council. In the end, he betrays Jang Bogo and kills him. He receives a jolt after the assassination, when Kim Yang launches an attack on Silla. Imprisoned by Kim Yang, he escapes from custody and helps Jung-hwa escape the massacre with Jang Bogo's child. He is killed by a shower of arrows fired by Kim Yang's army.
Soo Ae as Jung-hwa
Lee Yeon-hee as young Jung-hwa
Love interest of Jang Bogo and Yeom Jang for most of the series. The mere mention of her name is enough for Jang Bogo to abandon careful consideration (which is his modus operandi) and act in a frenzied manner, without regards for the consequences.
Extended cast
Kim Heung-soo as Jung Nyeon
Ahn Jae-hong as young Jung Nyeon
Park Yeong-gyu as Seol-pyeong
Chae Jung-an as Lady Chae-ryeong
Kim Ah-joong as Baek Ha-jin
Lee Won-jong as Choi Moo-chang
Kim Kap-soo as Lee Do-hyeong
Jo Dal-hwan as Lee Soon-jong
Heo In-beom as young Soon-jong
Jung Sung-hwan as Chang-kyeom (Jung-hwa's brother)
Lee Hee-do as Mak Bong (Soon-jong's father)
Kang Sung-pil as Jong Dal
Jung Ho-keun as Dae Chi
Park Jung-hak as Neung Chang
Go Do-young as Da Bok
Lee Eun-hye as young Da Bok
Kil Yong-woo as King Shinmu
Seo Do-young as Moo Jin (Jung-hwa's bodyguard)
Choi Sang-gil as Cheon Tae
Kim Hyo-won as Yoo Ja-seong
Lee Jae-yong as Master Jo Sang-gil
Kim Hyung-bum as Tae-bong (Jami's security officer)
Do Ki-suk as Jang Seong-pil
Bae Soo-bin as Kim Yang
Go Myung-hwan as Pan Sool (one of Master Yi's men)
Yeo Ho-min as Baek Kyung (Yeom Jang's subordinate)
Park In-hwan as Bogo's father (Eps. 1–2)
Seo Jin-wook
Bae Seul-ki
Lee Ji-eun
Seo Bum-yul
Jo Seung-yeon
Kim Byung-gi
Song Ji-eun
Seo Bum-shik
Baek So-mi
Kim Sung-hoon
Shim Eun-kyung
Ratings
The series was a huge success, gaining between 28.5 and 30.0% of viewers.
Awards and nominations
2005 International Emmy Awards
Drama series in the Asia, Africa and Middle East region - Final Round Nomination
2005 KBS Drama Awards
Top Excellence Award, Actor: Choi Soo-jong
Excellence Award, Actress: Soo Ae
Excellence Award, Actor: Song Il-gook
Popularity Award, Actor: Song Il-gook
Best Couple Award: Song Il-gook and Soo Ae
2006 1st Seoul International Drama Awards
Runner-up, Best Series Drama
Best Cinematographer: Kim Seung-hwan
See also
List of Korean television shows
Contemporary culture of South Korea
History of Korea
Unified Silla
References
External links
Emperor of the Sea at KBS World
Korean Broadcasting System television dramas
2004 South Korean television series debuts
2005 South Korean television series endings
South Korean historical television series
Television series set in Silla
Television shows based on South Korean novels
Television series by Kim Jong-hak Production | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor%20of%20the%20Sea |
"The Invisible Enemy" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on October 31, 1964, during the series' second season.
Opening narration
In the vast immensities of cosmic space, bold adventurers streak their way to join battle with strange enemies on strange worlds — the alien, the unknown, perhaps even the invisible, armed only with Man's earthbound knowledge...
Plot
Two astronauts on the M-1 spaceship land on Mars in the year 2021; when one goes out to explore he is heard screaming and his last transmission indicates that he had no idea what was happening to him. When the second astronaut goes out to investigate, he too makes a similar transmission. Three years later a second mission, M-2, lands with a crew of four consisting of Major Merritt, Captains Buckley and Lazzari and Lieutenant Johnson. They are tasked both to explore and to determine what happened to the M-1. When Captain Lazzari is sent to explore the ruins of the M-1, he goes behind the ship to examine it and screams in unbearable agony, just like the previous crew. Captain Buckley and Lieutenant Johnson go to investigate and Buckley finds only bloodstains. Johnson, armed with a nuclear bazooka, wanders off and disappears. The two remaining crew are ordered to stay within the confines of the ship in the last hours before take-off. However, Captain Buckley has a vision wherein the planet's deserts appear as sand-filled oceans; he then slips out to examine these "oceans". While exiting the ship he cuts his hand; he rubs the blood onto a scrap of cloth and throws it out into the desert. He learns that a Sand-Beast – a crustacean-like animal that swims through the sands like a shark – is at fault for the deaths. Major Merritt, the leader of the expedition, was asleep when Captain Buckley exited, but goes out to find him and becomes trapped on a rock when the Sand-Beast pursues him. With ten minutes left until lift-off, Captain Buckley creates a distraction by running across the sands; this allows both Merritt and Buckley to reach the shore unharmed. They shoot the Sand-Beast, using the nuclear bazooka Johnson left behind when he was killed. The fatally wounded Sand-Beast submerges beneath the surface, but five other Sand-Beasts, drawn by the noise and blood of their dying kin, soon emerge. The two remaining astronauts realize, "There's a whole army of them". Major Merritt and Captain Buckley communicate with control on Earth that they are coming home.
Closing narration
"'Battle joined. Casualties? Yes. Resolution: Victory, of a sort. A painful step from the crib of destiny. On another day, a friend, perhaps, instead of a deadly peril — part of the saga of the space pioneers."
Background
The episode was based on a short story by Jerry Sohl, 'The Invisible Enemy', which was first published in Imaginative Tales magazine in September 1955. That story takes place on the fourth planet of a faraway star, where the fifty-man warship Nesbitt lands to investigate the disappearance of a number of spaceships sent to the planet. After a ten-man expeditionary team is consumed from inside a forcefield, the ship's computer suggests, unconvincingly, that "invisible" birds are to blame. Twenty-nine more men are killed and a lone survivor, named Lazzari, is found in the desert. The final transmission from his unit: "No! No! They're coming out of the ground!" Lazzari kills himself by smashing his head against a bulkhead and the remaining crew gather outside the ship to give him a military burial. The computer advises against it; the corpse is bloody and blood seems to provoke the attacks. Allison, the civilian computer expert, protests against the burial and is locked inside the Nesbitt by the mission commander. Allison watches helplessly as the funeral party is eaten by "large, heavy, porpoiselike creatures ...swimming up out of the sand as if it were water."
After reading Sohl's first draft based on his short story, ABC decided the monster should appear sooner, so Seeleg Lester rewrote the script. That version involved the ship's crew monitoring the planet's surface with cameras (Lester even talked to Sohl about writing scenes incorporating cameras beneath the sands of Mars), yet with all these cameras operating, the crew still didn't figure out what was killing them. After further rewrites by Sohl, the script was passed to producer Ben Brady, who rewrote the last act into a "calm fourth quarter". Finally, director Byron Haskin rewrote the entire script over a 28-hour period, feeling that the episode would never have aired if he had filmed the script he was given.
Cast
Trivia
This episode's alternative title is "The Yellow Sands".
The Sand-Beast makes a cameo appearance in the next episode, "Wolf 359".
This episode is erroneously listed on one DVD case ("The Outer Limits Volume Three The Original Series Disc 1 Episodes 33–40") in "The Outer Limits The Complete Original Series Volumes 1–3". The episode is actually only on Disc 2 included in the case for "The Outer Limits Volume Three The Original Series Discs 2–3 Episodes 39–49". The same is true for the next episode, "Wolf 359".
References
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Fiction set in 2021
Fiction set in 2024
Mars in television
Works about astronauts
Television episodes written by Jerry Sohl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Invisible%20Enemy%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Rødberg is the administrative centre of Nore og Uvdal municipality in Buskerud, Norway.
Rødberg is located in the Norwegian traditional district and valley of Numedal. Its population (2005) is 498, and it is located on the Rødberg dam () on the Numedalslågen River.
The local power stations, Rødberg Nore 1 in operation 1928 and
Nore 2 in operation since 1946, utilize waterflow from the Rødberg Dam. The plants are affiliated with Statkraft, the Norwegian state owned electricity company.
Rødberg was once a railway station, being the terminal station of the now-defunct Numedal railway line (Numedalsbanen) which ran up the Numedal valley between Kongsberg and Rødberg. The final passenger service ended in 1988. The rail line north of Rollag was closed in 1989. With that being said, it is still possible to travel to Rødberg by rail via Draisine rentals from the nearby town of Veggli.
References
Villages in Buskerud
Populated places on the Numedalslågen
Nore og Uvdal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8dberg |
Mass games or mass gymnastics are a form of performing arts or gymnastics in which large numbers of performers take part in a highly regimented performance that emphasizes group dynamics rather than individual prowess.
North Korea
Mass games are now performed only in the Rungrado May Day Stadium but in the '90s there were mass games held at the Kim Il-sung Stadium and in the Pyongyang Gymnasium. Mass Games can basically be described as a synchronized socialist-realist spectacular, featuring over 100,000 participants in a 90-minute display of gymnastics, dance, acrobatics, and dramatic performance, accompanied by music and other effects, all wrapped in a highly politicized package. Students practiced every day from January onwards. The 90-minute performance is held every evening at 7pm and features the 'largest picture in the world' a giant mosaic of individual students each holding a book whose pages links with their neighbours’ to make up one gigantic scene. When the students turn the pages, the scene or individual elements of the scene change, up to 170 pages make up one book.
According to Kim Jong-il, the philosophy behind the events was that:
The gymnastics exhibit the North Korean idea of "ilsim-dangyeol" (single-minded unity), as well as nationalism.
Outside North Korea
Guyana
Guyana under the leader Forbes Burnham held mass games. They were first held in February 1980 to commemorate the founding of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana.
Europe
In Germany, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn developed an efficient gymnastics method called Massenturnen. For propagating Massenturnen, Germany started .
Mass games developed alongside 19th century nationalist movements, particularly the Czech Sokol movement.
In Romania, the communist government organized compulsory mass games after Romanian Communist Party General Secretary Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife had visited the People's Republic of China and saw such games there. These were the hardest working days of the year since every individual was required to participate along with his fellow workers. Being late on this day or not shouting the party leader's name loudly enough would lead to being reported by fellow workers to prosecutors.
In Bulgaria, mass games were occasionally held during the Zname na mira ("Flag of Peace") international youth festivals. However, Bulgaria did not have a tradition of mass games, and performances were rare.
In Yugoslavia, similar activities called Slet were organized, and one of these events was the Relay of Youth. In Yugoslavia, participation in Slet events was voluntary.
In East Germany, eight mass games called the GDR Gymnastics and Sports Festival were held in Leipzig. Participation in mass games in East Germany was voluntary, and the segments combined both Western and Eastern elements infused with German traditions.
Japan
In Japan, schools adopted German gymnastics and mass games were started. Between 1925 and 1945, mass games were played in Meiji Jingū Kyōgi Taikai (Meiji Shrine Sports Competition).
Uganda
Ugandan dictator Idi Amin was an admirer of North Korea's Mass Games.
Current performances
Today, mass games are annually performed in North Korea, where they take place to celebrate national holidays such as the birthdays of former rulers Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. In recent years, they have been the main attraction of the Arirang Festival in Pyongyang. The 2004 documentary film by VeryMuchSo Productions and Koryo Tours A State of Mind details the training of two young girls from Pyongyang who perform in the mass games.
Arirang mass games were first performed in 2002 in Pyongyang's May Day Stadium and have been held every year since – between August and October and on one occasion in Spring. The show was on 4 times a week. Tourists from all over the World were welcomed to the DPRK during Mass Games.
Sokol is a Czech gymnastics organization which runs mass games called for Eastern European youth. The word slet means 'a gathering of falcons'. The first Sokol slet was held in 1882 in Prague to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Sokol organization. Since 1994 slets have been held every six years.
The opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games may also be viewed as instances of mass games.
See also
Turners
A State of Mind – UK produced, award winning documentary by Koryo Tours and VeryMuchSo productions in 2002, about child gymnasts in training for the Mass Games
Government-organized demonstration
Propaganda in North Korea
Spartakiad (Czechoslovakia)
World Gymnaestrada
References
Further reading
External links
Full video of mass games, September 2013
Site about mass gymnastics under communism
Mass Games and North Korea photo gallery
Professional photo series of the 2009 "Arirang" Massgames in North Korea
Sarbatori comuniste in Deva (in Romanian)
Mass Games in North Korea
Mass Games film and specialist travel to mass games Koryo Tours is the company that produced the film on the mass games 'A State of Mind' video insert on this page
What is a Sokol "Slet"?
Arirang Mass Games 360 VR
Images
Arirang Mass Games North Korea
Videos
Propaganda in North Korea
Festivals in North Korea
North Korean culture
Tourist attractions in Pyongyang
Sokol
Sport in Czechoslovakia
Sports festivals in North Korea
East Asian traditions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20games |
Lampeland is a village located in Buskerud, Norway. It is the administrative centre of Flesberg municipality. The population of the village as of 2013 was 521 residents.
Lampeland is situated in the traditional region of Numedal. It is located on the east side of the Numedalslågen River. It is about 22 km north of Kongsberg, 60 km from Drammen and 100 km from Oslo. The village can be reached on Norwegian County road (Fylkesvei 40) which runs between Geilo and Larvik. Lampeland Hotell was established in the village during 1948. The hotel includes a restaurant, conference center and meeting rooms.
References
External links
Lampeland Hotell website
Villages in Buskerud
Flesberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampeland |
"Wolf 359" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 7 November 1964, during the second season. The title is derived from a star of the same name located relatively near Earth.
Introduction
The speedy evolution of an alien culture is observed through a professor's telescope. However, the experience soon goes out of control when a malevolent lifeform evolves at the planet's surface and threatens the scientific team.
Opening narration
Outward stretches the quest for truth. Stars without end. Timeless infinities. A billion, billion galaxies. Man's imagination reaches out and out, while betimes the farthest reaches of knowledge are found in the smallest places...
Plot
Working on behalf of corporate interests, scientist Jonathan Meridith has created a miniature version of a remote planet (in the titular Wolf 359 system) in his laboratory. Due to the miniaturization, this artificial world knows an accelerated development, thus allowing Meridith to study its evolution through an electronic microscope, and to observe the birth of archaic life forms on its surface. However, soon a mysterious lifeform evolves along with the developing experiment. It is aware of the scientist's presence—even acting aggressively toward him at some point. Manifesting by night in the absence of light, the creature takes a physical shape into the laboratory itself, destroying all life inside it, including plants, a colony of ants and a couple of guinea pigs. Becoming aware of the situation, Meridith weighs the value of his experiment versus the possible dangers. He resorts to firing his lab assistant and sending his wife back home, in order to keep them away from harm. Pursuing his studies, the scientist soon discovers the creature inhabiting the planet seems to be a manifestation of the planet itself, similar to its collective mind, and bent on destruction. As the evolution of the miniature world progresses, Meridith observes a reproduction of the darkest moments of Earth's history at its surface (including the development of nuclear weapons). Lowering his guard one night, the scientist is suddenly attacked by the creature; he is, however, saved by his wife. She returns from home at the right moment to breach the miniature planet's containment cell, causing its atmosphere to escape so that the creature is destroyed along with the planet. In the epilogue, Meridith can be seen recording his final report on Wolf 359, saying that the experiment is over and the planet destroyed. Yet he also mentions that the experience could be successfully recreated in the future, if only one could find a better planet.
Closing narration
There is a theory that Earth and sun and galaxy and all the known universes are only a dust mote on some policeman's uniform in some gigantic superworld. Couldn't we be under some supermicroscope, right now?
Cast
Patrick O'Neal – as Jonathan Meridith
Sara Shane – as Ethel Meridith
Peter Haskell – as Peter Jellicoe
Ben Wright – as Philip Exeter Dundee
Dabney Coleman – as James Custer
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Fiction set around Wolf 359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf%20359%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Joshua Rifkin (born April 22, 1944) is an American conductor, pianist, and musicologist; he is currently a professor of music at Boston University. As a performer he has recorded music by composers from Antoine Busnois to Silvestre Revueltas, and as a scholar has published research on composers from the Renaissance to the 20th century.
Rifkin is known among classical musicians for his theory that most of Bach's choral works were sung with only one singer per choral line. Rifkin argued that "so long as we define 'chorus' in the conventional modern sense, then Bach's chorus, with few exceptions, simply did not exist." He is best known, however, for having played a central role in the ragtime revival in the 1970s, with the three albums he recorded of Scott Joplin's works for Nonesuch Records.
Musical career
Joplin
Rifkin's Joplin albums (the first of which was Scott Joplin: Piano Rags in November 1970 on the classical label Nonesuch)—which were presented as classical music recordings—were critically acclaimed, commercially successful and led to other artists exploring the ragtime genre. It sold 100,000 copies in its first year and eventually became Nonesuch's first million-selling record. The Billboard "Best-Selling Classical LPs" chart for September 28, 1974 has the record at No. 5, with the follow-up "Volume 2" at No. 4, and a combined set of both volumes at No. 3. Separately both volumes had been on the chart for 64 weeks. The album was nominated in 1971 for two Grammy Award categories: Best Album Notes and Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra), but at the ceremony on March 14, 1972, Rifkin did not win in any category.
Rifkin's work as a revivalist of Joplin's work immediately preceded the recording and subsequent performances of The Red Back Book, orchestrations of 15 rags, by Gunther Schuller and The New England Ragtime Ensemble (originally the New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble); and the later adaptation of Joplin's music by Marvin Hamlisch for the film The Sting (1973). In 1979, Alan Rich in the New York Magazine wrote that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin's music on record, Nonesuch Records "created, almost alone, the Scott Joplin revival."
In August 1990, Rifkin recorded a CD for the Decca label (catalog number 425 225) featuring rags by two of the other major composers of ragtime, Joseph Lamb and James Scott, and also tango compositions by the Brazilian composer Ernesto Nazareth.
Bach
Bach's vocal scoring
Rifkin is best known to classical musicians for his thesis that much of Johann Sebastian Bach's vocal music, including the St Matthew Passion, was performed with only one singer per voice part, an idea generally rejected by his peers when he first proposed it in 1981. In the 21st century, the idea has become influential, although it has not achieved consensus in the field. The conductor Andrew Parrott wrote a book arguing for the position (The Essential Bach Choir; Boydell Press, 2000; as an appendix, the book includes the original paper that Rifkin began to present to the American Musicological Society in 1981, a presentation he was unable to complete because of a strong audience reaction). Bach scholars as Daniel Melamed, David Schulenberg, and John Butt have argued in its favor.
Other conductors and ensembles have followed Rifkin and Parrott in mounting performances that use some form of the vocal scoring argued for by Rifkin. Among them are: Butt with the Dunedin Consort (Magnificat, Cantata no. 63, Mass in B minor in Rifkin's critical edition of the work, discussed below, the St. John Passion, and St Matthew Passion), Konrad Junghänel (Mass in B minor, several cantatas, St. John Passion, and the motets), Sigiswald Kuijken (Mass in B minor, St. John Passion, St Matthew Passion, Christmas Oratorio, and the beginning of a cycle of the complete Bach cantatas), Paul McCreesh (St Matthew Passion, Magnificat, Easter Oratorio, and several cantatas), Monica Huggett (St. John Passion), Eric Milnes, who has begun recording the complete cantatas cycle with one singer per part, Marc Minkowski (Mass in B minor), Lars Ulrik Mortensen (Mass in B minor), Philippe Pierlot with the Ricercar Consort (Magnificat, masses and cantatas), Jeffrey Thomas (who has also often used multi-voice choirs), Jos van Veldhoven (Mass in B minor, St Matthew Passion), Matteo Messori (Christmas Oratorio, cantatas, motets), and Peter Kooy in the motets.
Rifkin himself has recorded Bach's Mass in B minor—his 1981 Nonesuch recording won the 1982–83 Gramophone Award in the Choral category—Magnificat, and cantatas nos. 8, 12, 51, 56, 78, 80, 82, 99, 106, 131, 140, 147, 158, 172, 182, 202, 209, 216, and others, for the Nonesuch, Mainach, L'Oiseau-lyre, and Dorian labels, all with his Bach Ensemble and various singers.
Other Bach scholarship
One of Rikfin's widely accepted findings, which he published in 1975, is that Bach's St Matthew Passion was first performed on Good Friday in 1727, not 1729 as was previously believed. Rifkin's scholarly critical edition of Bach's Mass in B minor was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in November 2006. It is the first edition to follow strictly Bach's final version from 1748 to 1750, not intermixing readings from the 1733 Missa (the first version of the Kyrie and Gloria), and posits novel solutions to removing edits made posthumously by Bach's son C.P.E. Bach.
Rifkin has done extensive research on the orchestral suites of Bach, notably arguing in detail that No. 2 in B minor, BWV 1067, is based on an earlier version in A minor in which the solo instrument was not the flute. Rifkin has created reconstructions of J.S. Bach's posited Oboe Concerti: for oboe, strings, and continuo in D minor, from BWV 35, 156, 1056 and 1059; in A major for oboe d'amore, strings, and continuo from BWV 1055; in E-flat major for oboe, strings, and continuo from BWV 49, 169 and 1053. All the original movements are keyboard settings. They reflect the Baroque oboe idiom convincingly. In this form, they evince the influence of the Venetian school, notably Marcello, Corelli, and Vivaldi.
In a paper published in the Bach-Jahrbuch in 2000, Rifkin argued that the cantata Nun ist das Heil und die Kraft, BWV 50 was not written by Bach, but by an as-yet-unidentified composer.
Studies and career
Rifkin studied with Vincent Persichetti in the Music Division at the Juilliard School and received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1964. He also studied with Gustave Reese at New York University (1964–1966), at the University of Göttingen (1966–1967), and later with Arthur Mendel, Lewis Lockwood, Milton Babbitt, and Ernst Oster at Princeton University, where he received his M.F.A. in 1969. He also worked with Karlheinz Stockhausen at Darmstadt in 1961 and 1965.
Rifkin has taught at several universities, including Brandeis University (1970–1982), Harvard, and Yale, and is currently Professor of Music and Fellow of the University Professors at Boston University. He is noted for his research in the field of Renaissance and Baroque music: he has examined the authorship and chronology of music attributed to Josquin des Prez; Renaissance music manuscripts; the motet around 1500; and music of Heinrich Schütz. He has also published research about Anton Webern.
As a conductor and keyboard soloist, he has appeared with the English Chamber Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, St. Louis Symphony, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Victorian State Symphony, and Israel Camerata Jerusalem. He has led operatic productions at Theater Basel in Switzerland and the Bayerische Staatsoper, Munich. He has recorded music of Handel, Mozart, and Haydn with the Concertgebouw Chamber Orchestra and Capella Coloniensis. As a choral conductor he has recorded motets of Adrian Willaert with the Boston Camerata Chamber Singers, and music of the Medici Codex with the Dutch ensemble Capella Pratensis; that 2011 CD, titled Vivat Leo! Music for a Medici Pope, won a Diapason d'Or. Among his works as a composer are the two Winter pieces for violin resp. piano both written in 1961. The Winter piece for violin was premiered by Paul Zukofsky in 1962.
Work in non-classical music
In the 1960s, Rifkin created arrangements for Judy Collins on her albums In My Life and Wildflowers. He performed with the Even Dozen Jug Band (along with David Grisman, Maria Muldaur, Stefan Grossman, and John Sebastian, among others), and made a recording of his humorous re-imaginings of music by Lennon and McCartney in the style of the 18th century, notably Bach, known as The Baroque Beatles Book and recently reissued on CD. In a related vein, Rifkin sang the countertenor solo in the 1962 premiere performance of the spoof cantata "Iphigenia in Brooklyn" by P. D. Q. Bach (Peter Schickele).
Bibliography
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Joshua Rifkin biography
"Joshua Rifkin: Authentic at Heart" (interview from Ha'aretz)
"Re-inventing Wheels: Joshua Rifkin on Interpretation and Rhetoric" (interview with Rifkin from Bernard Sherman's Inside Early Music)
"Rifkin's Pesky Idea" (article by Bernard Sherman on the one-per-part controversy, originally published in Early Music America, Summer 1999, p. 48)
"Schering's Wacky Theory" (Joshua Rifkin's response to Sherman's article, originally published in Early Music America, Fall 1999, p. 48)
"Interview with Joshua Rifkin" by Uri Golomb, first published in Goldberg Early Music Magazine 51 (June 2008): 56–67
1944 births
20th-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American conductors (music)
American male conductors (music)
American musicologists
Bach conductors
Bach musicians
Bach scholars
Boston University faculty
Brandeis University faculty
Elektra Records artists
Even Dozen Jug Band members
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School alumni
Harvard University faculty
Juilliard School alumni
Living people
New York University alumni
Princeton University alumni
Ragtime pianists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua%20Rifkin |
Marigüitar is a small coastal town in the state of Sucre, Venezuela. It lies on the southern coast of the Gulf of Cariaco, across from the Araya Peninsula. The nearest city is Cumaná, about 20 kilometers to the east. The narrow, winding road that connects Cumaná and Carúpano passes through the town. Marigüitar has a large fish-processing plant owned by Mavesa, which is a subsidiary of Empresas Polar, the largest food and drink company in Venezuela. The fish processing plant serves as the principal source of employment for the town's residents. A small fleet of buses, pick-up trucks, and privately owned cars provide transportation from the town to the surrounding communities and to Cumaná.
Populated places in Sucre (state)
Populated coastal places in Venezuela | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marig%C3%BCitar |
The Korea Foundation (Korean: 한국국제교류재단, Hanja: 韓國國際交流財團) is a non-profit public diplomacy organization established in 1991 to promote a better understanding of Korea and strengthen friendships in the international community. The foundation carries out various projects for exchange between the South Korea and foreign countries to cultivate mutual understanding.
History
Amid the Republic of Korea's rapid economic growth from the late 1970s to the 1980s as well as the country's concomitant democratization and the upheaval in the international community after the Cold War, an overhaul of Korea's foreign policy strategy became inevitable. Having demonstrated its enhanced capabilities by successfully hosting the 10th Asian Games in 1986 and the 24th Summer Olympics in 1988 in Seoul had a lasting impact on how the world viewed Korea. Subsequently, the idea for an international exchange organization was born that would serve as a single point of contact and support exchange projects in various fields. In September 1989, the Korean parliament began an official debate about the establishment of the Korea Foundation, which eventually led to the adoption of the Korea Foundation Act on December 14, 1991.
Organization
The Korea Foundation is affiliated with Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which oversees three affiliate organizations – the Korea Foundation, the Overseas Korean Foundation (OKF), and the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). All three are dedicated to advancing Korea's diplomatic relations with the rest of the world. The Korea Foundation currently has 4 bureaus, under which 130 staff work in 13 departments. Its headquarters and the KF Global Center are located in Seoul. In addition, the foundation maintains 8 overseas offices on 3 continents, including in Washington DC, Los Angeles, Berlin, Moscow, Beijing, Tokyo, Hanoi, and Jakarta.
Establishment of the Korea-Central Asia Cooperation Forum Secretariat
In 2017, the Korea Foundation launched two new initiatives. In July 2017, the Korea-Central Asia Cooperation Forum Secretariat commenced its work. It serves as a platform for the nations of Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan from which to develop practical and future-oriented mutual cooperation. In doing so, it aims to aid the implementation and diversification of initiatives handled by the Korea-Central Asia Cooperation Forum, the multilateral consultative group launched in 2007. The Secretariat is coordinated by the Korea Foundation, which oversees projects in a variety of fields, including medicine, tourism, arts and culture, youth leadership forums, and water management.
Establishment of the ASEAN Culture House (ACH)
Since September 2017, the Korea Foundation is in charge of operating the newly established ASEAN Culture House (ACH) in Busan. The vision of this venue is to provide a lively platform to enhance Koreans’ understanding of the cultures and societies of ASEAN countries. The ACH is a venue for cultural exchanges and networking between Koreans and ASEAN residents in Korea, and facilitates collaboration between Korea's local and regional governments in introducing ASEAN culture. The plan to establish the ACH was one of the outcomes of the ASEAN-ROK Commemorative Summit held in Busan in 2014 to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the ASEAN-ROK Dialogue Relations.
Relocation of Korea Foundation headquarters
In July 2018, the Korea Foundation relocated its main office to Seogwipo, Jeju Province, pursuant to the Special Act on the Construction of and Support of Innovation Cities Following Relocation of Public Agencies.
Activities
Support for Korean studies
The Korea Foundation extends support to international universities for the establishment of Korean studies professorships, employment of contract faculty members, and appointment of visiting professors to advance Korea-related education and scholarship. Under an array of programs, including fellowships for graduate and postdoctoral studies, as well as fellowships for field research and Korean language training, the foundation assists graduate students and scholars in their research endeavors. The foundation also organizes Korean studies workshops for non-Korean educators to aid their Korea-related classroom instruction and develop cooperative networks. In addition, the foundation implements various special projects to promote Korean studies and foster the next generation of Koreanists. The foundation has supported the Korea Institute at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts; the Center for Korean Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles in the US; the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London in the UK; the Free University of Berlin in Germany; among others. In addition, it has supported the establishment of Korean studies professorships at around 120 international universities and over 6,000 scholars and students who conducted research on Korea under the foundation's fellowship programs.
Global networking
The Korea Foundation invites distinguished individuals to enable them to obtain firsthand knowledge and experiences about Korea. It also implements exchange programs for next-generation leaders and youths to facilitate future-oriented people-to-people relationships. In addition, the foundation organizes and supports international forums, which serve as a regular channel of dialogue at the non-governmental level. It also provides grants to important think tanks and research institutes conducting Korea-related policy research, including the Brookings Institution, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, all in Washington, D.C., as well as the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London, among others.
Arts and cultural exchange
The Korea Foundation organizes and supports a wide variety of performances and exhibitions presenting Korean culture and arts. It also offers support for cultural programs held at the Korean sections of prestigious international museums in order to make Korean culture more accessible to global audiences. To help foreign residents in Korea acquire a better understanding of Korea and provide the Korean public with an opportunity to learn more about foreign cultures, the foundation hosts a variety of arts and cultural events through its KF Global Center and the KF Gallery. Since its inception, the foundation organized over 1,000 exhibitions, performances and festivals, and helped establish 28 Korean galleries at prominent overseas museums, including the British Museum in London; the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Guimet Museum in Paris; among others.
Publishing and multimedia resources
The Korea Foundation supports the publication of Korea-related books in foreign languages, and the acquisition of Korea-related materials and multimedia content by universities, libraries, and research institutes around the world. The foundation also supports the airing of Korean TV dramas and films to global viewers to deepen their understanding of Korea and boost the popularity of contemporary Korean culture. Its efforts to introduce Korean culture, history and society to the global community include the publication of a quarterly magazine, titled Koreana. Initially launched as an English-language magazine, Koreana’s print issue is now available in a total of nine languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish and is distributed in some 160 countries.
Koreana
The Korea Foundation's quarterly, Koreana, has dealt with a broad spectrum of Korean arts and culture, ranging from Paleolithic relics to contemporary media and installation art; from the splendid royal court culture of the Joseon Dynasty to today’s street art and fashion, from literature to film and various other cultural genres. In doing so, the magazine has helped people around the world to appreciate the universality and distinctiveness of Korean culture and also contributed to the mission of the Korea Foundation: “Connecting People, Bridging the World.” In 2017, Koreana marked its 30th anniversary by publishing a first-ever Korean language print issue. The quarterly's past and current issues are freely accessible online as webzines. Alternatively, readers from around the world can subscribe for one to three years and have the magazine mailed to them.
Korea Foundation Award
Established in 2008, the Korea Foundation Award acknowledges the achievements of those who have dedicated themselves to raise awareness of Korea and enhance international friendship. In 2017, the award was presented to Kyong-hee Lee, chief editor of quarterly magazine Koreana. Past awardees include Martina Deuchler, Emerita Professor of Korean Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; John Duncan, Director of the Center for Korean Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Ho-Min Sohn, Professor of Korean Language and Linguistics at the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at the University of Hawaii at Manoa; the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries; and Hartmut Koschyk, Co-Chairman of Korea-Germany Forum and Head of Germany-Korea Parliamentary Friendship Association.
President
Gheewhan Kim (September 2022present)
1981 LL.B., Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
1990 LL.M., University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Diploma for International Law, University of Cambridge
1983–2018 Foreign service of the Republic of Korea
Former Presidents
Hyeok-in Yu (Jan. 3 – Oct. 9, 1992)
Chu-whan Son (Oct. 26, 1992 – Dec. 29, 1994)
Chang-yoon Choi (Dec. 31, 1994 – Mar. 30, 1996)
Jung-won Kim (Apr. 29, 1996 – Feb. 24, 1998)
Joung-binn Lee (Apr. 10, 1998 – Jan. 14, 2000)
In-ho Lee (Feb. 21, 2000 – Dec. 29, 2003)
In-hyuk Kwon (Jan. 6, 2004 – Jan. 5, 2007)
Sung-joon Yim (Feb. 27, 2007 – Feb. 26, 2010)
Byung-Kook Kim (Jun. 14, 2010 – Mar. 1, 2012)
Woosang Kim (Mar. 1, 2012 – May. 10, 2013)
Hyun-seok Yu (May 13, 2013 – May 11, 2016)
Sihyung Lee (May 12, 2016 – Sep. 15, 2019)
Geun Lee (2019 – 2022)
References
External links
Official Website (in 7 languages)
Koreana Magazine (in 11 languages)
Official News Letter (in English and Korean)
KF e-book (in 13 languages)
Books on Korea (requires login)
KF Volunteer Network (in Korean)
Facebook page (in English and Korean)
Youtube Channel (in English and Korean)
7007 Public Diplomacy YouTube Channel (in English and Korean)
Twitter (in English and Korean)
Official Blog (in Korean)
KF Gallery's Facebook page (in English and Korean)
KF Global Center's Blog (in Korean)
Official Website of the Korea-Central Asia Cooperation Forum Secretariat (in Korean and Russian)
Cultural promotion organizations
Korean studies
Cultural organizations based in South Korea
Organizations established in 1991
1991 establishments in South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%20Foundation |
Dmitri Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 14 in F-sharp major, Op. 142, was composed in 1972–73. It is dedicated to Sergei Shirinsky, the cellist of the Beethoven Quartet, the ensemble that premiered most of Shostakovich's quartets. The first performance was held in Leningrad on November 12, 1973.
It has three movements:
Playing time is approximately 25 minutes.
Shostakovich began working on the piece while he was visiting the home of Benjamin Britten and finished it in Copenhagen.
References
External links
Shostakovich: the string quartets
14
1973 compositions
Compositions in F-sharp major | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20Quartet%20No.%2014%20%28Shostakovich%29 |
Svene is a village in the municipality of Flesberg in Buskerud, Norway. It is located in Numedal, 10 kilometres from Kongsberg. Its population (2017) is 376.
Former ski jumper Per Bergerud hails from Svene, he competed for the local sports team Svene IL.
Svene Church was constructed of wood and built in 1738.
References
Villages in Buskerud
Flesberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svene |
The R2C was the color version of the 2nd Z80-based microcomputer produced by Regency Systems of Champaign, Illinois, the first being the RC1. The RC1 had a high resolution display and dual 8-inch floppy disk drives. It was essentially a standalone PLATO environment, adapting the TUTOR language and environment. The company was founded by David Eades, a real-estate agency owner, and Paul Tenczar, creator of the TUTOR language.
The R2C supported an Ethernet network and a hard drive. The introduction of the IBM AT, with 16-bit processor, hard drive, and EGA display, sparked a change in direction for the company away from hardware.
References
Early microcomputers
Companies based in Champaign County, Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regency%20Systems%20R2C |
Rick Baird (born January 14, 1974) was a member of the U.S. Bobsled team from 1998 to 2003. He began his career with the United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation in 1998. He was a forerunner for the U.S. Bobsled team during the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He also had the honor of running with the olympic torch for the 2002 Olympic Games.
Rick played football at Dixie State College of Utah and Utah State University. He was also a standout track athlete for Utah State University being named All-Big West Conference in the hammer throw in 1998.
Rick worked as the throwing coach for the UNLV Track and Field team from 2002-2005. He also worked as a NSCA certified personal trainer for 24 Hour Fitness.
In the winter of 2009 Rick became the Head Track and Field coach at Faith Lutheran High School and guided his team to State Championship titles for both boys and girls teams in his first year as head coach. In his 2nd year as head coach he received the award as Sunset Conference girls Coach of the Year.
In the summer of 2009 Rick started his own personal training company; Peak Performance Fitness.
Official links
Rick Baird's USBSF Official Webpage
Rick Baird's UNLV Coaching Profile
Rick Baird's official personal training website
1974 births
Utah Tech University alumni
Living people
Utah State Aggies football players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Baird |
The Communauté urbaine Angers Loire Métropole is the communauté urbaine, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Angers. It is located in the Maine-et-Loire department, in the Pays de la Loire region, western France. It was created in January 2016, replacing the previous Communauté d'agglomération d'Angers Loire Métropole. It was expanded with the commune of Loire-Authion in January 2018. Its area is 666.7 km2. Its population was 299,476 in 2018, of which 154,508 in Angers proper.
Composition
The Communauté urbaine Angers Loire Métropole gathers 29 communes:
Angers
Avrillé
Beaucouzé
Béhuard
Bouchemaine
Briollay
Cantenay-Épinard
Écouflant
Écuillé
Feneu
Loire-Authion
Longuenée-en-Anjou
Montreuil-Juigné
Mûrs-Erigné
Le Plessis-Grammoire
Les Ponts-de-Cé
Rives-du-Loir-en-Anjou
Saint-Barthélemy-d'Anjou
Saint-Clément-de-la-Place
Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire
Saint-Lambert-la-Potherie
Saint-Léger-de-Linières
Saint-Martin-du-Fouilloux
Sarrigné
Savennières
Soulaines-sur-Aubance
Soulaire-et-Bourg
Trélazé
Verrières-en-Anjou
References
Angers
Angers
States and territories established in 2016
Angers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angers%20Loire%20M%C3%A9tropole |
Veggli is a village in the municipality of Rollag, in the county of Buskerud, Norway.
<ref>[https://snl.no/Veggli%2Ftettsted Veggli – tettsted'] Store norske leksikon </ref>
Veggli is located about 66 kilometers north of Kongsberg. It is located in the traditional district and valley of Numedal. It is situated on the Numedalslågen River, near the mouth of Nørdsteåas estuary. Its population in 2005 was 292.
Veggli train station was on the Numedal Line. The line ran from Kongsberg to Rødberg in Nore og Uvdal. The line was officially opened in 1927. Passenger traffic on the track was closed in 1988. West from Veggli, the road goes over Vegglifjell where Veggli Lodge and Veggli Skisenter are located. Further the road leads to the villages of Austbygdi and Tessungdalen in Tinn.
Veggli Church (Veggli kirke'') in Kongsberg deanery. It was constructed of wood and designed by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch (1801–1865). The church has 160 seats. The church dates from 1859 and has protected status listed.
Notable residents
Ole Knudsen Nattestad and Ansten Nattestad - pioneer founders of the Jefferson Prairie Settlement in the state of Wisconsin.
Sigurd Pettersen - Famous ski jumper who represents the local sports team Rollag og Veggli.
Ragnar Tveiten - former Norwegian biathlete and world champion
Kjell Hovda - former Norwegian biathlete
References
Villages in Buskerud
Populated places on the Numedalslågen
Rollag | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veggli |
Carotenoid oxygenases are a family of enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids to produce, for example, retinol, commonly known as vitamin A. This family includes an enzyme known as RPE65 which is abundantly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it catalyzed the formation of 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl esters.
Carotenoids such as beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein and beta-cryptoxanthin are produced in plants and certain bacteria, algae and fungi, where they function as accessory photosynthetic pigments and as scavengers of oxygen radicals for photoprotection. They are also essential dietary nutrients in animals. Carotenoid oxygenases cleave a variety of carotenoids into a range of biologically important products, including apocarotenoids in plants that function as hormones, pigments, flavours, floral scents and defence compounds, and retinoids in animals that function as vitamins, chromophores for opsins and signalling molecules. Examples of carotenoid oxygenases include:
Beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCO1; ) from animals, which cleaves beta-carotene symmetrically at the central double bond to yield two molecules of retinal.
Beta-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2) from animals, which cleaves beta-carotene asymmetrically to apo-10'-beta-carotenal and beta-ionone, the latter being converted to retinoic acid. Lycopene is also oxidatively cleaved.
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase from plants, which cleaves 9-cis xanthophylls to xanthoxin, a precursor of the hormone abscisic acid. Yellow skin, which is a common phenotype in domestic chicken, is influenced by the accumulation of carotenoids in skin due to absence of beta-carotene dioxygenase 2 (BCDO2) enzyme. Inhibition of expression of BCO2 gene is caused by a regulatory mutation.
Apocarotenoid-15,15'-oxygenase from bacteria and cyanobacteria, which converts beta-apocarotenals rather than beta-carotene into retinal. This protein has a seven-bladed beta-propeller structure.
Retinal pigment epithelium 65 kDa protein (RPE65) from vertebrates which is important for the production of 11-cis retinal during visual opsin regeneration.
Members of the family use an iron(II) active center, usually held by four histidines.
Human proteins containing this domain
BCO2; BCO1; RPE65;
References
Further reading
External links
Carotenoid Oxygenase information
More Carotenoid Oxygenase information
Bioindicators
Carotenoids
Enzymes
Protein domains
Protein families
Peripheral membrane proteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid%20oxygenase |
NlaIII is a type II restriction enzyme isolated from Neisseria lactamica. As part of the restriction modification system, NlaIII is able to prevent foreign DNA from integrating into the host genome by cutting double stranded DNA into fragments at specific sequences. This results in further degradation of the fragmented foreign DNA and prevents it from infecting the host genome.
NlaIII recognizes the palindromic and complementary DNA sequence of CATG/GTAC and cuts outside of the G-C base pairs. This cutting pattern results in sticky ends with GTAC overhangs at the 3' end.
Characteristics
NlaIII from N. lactamica contains two key components: a methylase and an endonuclease. The methylase is critical to recognition, while the endonuclease is used for cutting. The gene (NlaIIIR) is 693 bp long and creates the specific 5’-CATG-3’ endonuclease. A homolog of NlaIIIR is iceA1 from Helicobacter pylori. In H. pylori, there exists a similar methylase gene called hpyIM which is downstream of iceA1. ICEA1 is an endonuclease that also recognizes the 5’-CATG-3’ sequence. IceA1 in H. pylori is similar to that of NlaIII in N. lactamica.
NlaIII contains an ICEA protein that encompasses the 4 to 225 amino acid region. H. pylori also contains the same protein. H. pylori infection often leads to gastrointestinal issues such as peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. Researchers speculate that ICEA proteins serve as potential markers for gastric cancer
Isoschizomers
NlaIII isoschizomers recognize and cut the same recognition sequence 5’-CATG-3’. Endonucleases that cut at this sequence include:
Fael
Fatl
Hin1II
Hsp92II
CviAII
IceA1
Applications
NlaIII can be used in many different experimental procedures such as:
Serial analysis of gene expression
Molecular cloning
Restriction site mapping
Genotyping
Southern blotting
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis
References
Genetics
Molecular biology
Biotechnology
Restriction enzymes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NlaIII |
"I, Robot" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 14 November 1964, during the second season. It was remade under the same title in 1995. Leonard Nimoy appeared in both versions.
Opening narration
Plot
Defence attorney Thurman Cutler is coaxed out of retirement to take the case for the defence of a robot, Adam Link, against the charge that it willfully murdered its creator Dr. Charles Link. Placed on trial, Adam sits alone in the courtroom, apart from his only friend Nina Link, the professor's niece. Testimony reveals that once Adam was activated he began a trial and error process of learning like that of a child. This suggests that some of his later acts, construed as violent, were in fact a matter of the mechanical man not understanding his own strength, or subtle or vague areas of human thought and emotions. Unfortunately the defence never fully recovers from the revelation that Adam read the novel Frankenstein while absorbing all the books in the Doc's library, and the judge pronounces the robot guilty, even though the Doc's death was accidental. Before Adam can be hauled away to be dismantled, he breaks free of his bonds outside the courthouse to throw a child aside from the path of an oncoming truck, but is smashed into scrap metal in the process. Cutler notes sardonically: "That terrible monster won't ever harm anybody again."
Closing narration
Background
The Adam Link stories first appeared in Amazing Stories magazine between 1939 and 1942, written by Eando Binder, a pseudonym used jointly by brothers Earl and Otto Binder, (though only Otto wrote the Adam Link stories). Unusually for a robot at that time, Adam was a sympathetic character with genuine emotions, and the tales were narrated by Adam himself. "I Robot" first appeared in Amazing Stories Vol. 13/no. 1 (January 1939), and was continued in "The Trial of Adam Link, Robot" (Amazing Stories vol. 13/no. 7 (July 1939)). The original story ends with Adam intending to turn himself off, believing he will not be allowed a trial, and although innocent, writing his confession.
The Outer Limits episode is based on these first two stories. In this TV adaptation, writer Robert C. Dennis invented the character of attorney Thurman Cutler, greatly expanded the role of a nameless newspaperman, mentioned only in passing in Binder's original story, into Judson Ellis and changed Prof. Link's relative to a woman. The ending was also changed so that Adam is found guilty, ending up as scrap metal when saving a child from being hit by a truck outside the courthouse; in the original "Trial" story, he is vindicated and set free.
Unlike his TV counterpart, the original Adam Link was a six-foot-tall android. In the following four stories ("Adam Link in Business", Vol. 14/no. 1, Jan 1940; "Adam Link's Vengeance", Vol. 14/no. 2,Feb 1940; "Adam Link, Robot Detective", Vol. 14/no. 5, May 1940; and "Adam Link, Champion Athlete", Vol.14/no. 7, Jul 1940) he amasses a fortune as a business consultant, enough to fund a rejuvenation of slum areas and build a "female" robot named Eve to be his wife, is betrayed by a friend who uses him to rob banks, becomes a private detective to find the person who framed Eve for 3 murders and performs a series of athletic challenges. The later stories, ("Adam Link fights a War", Vol.14/no. 12, Dec 1940; "Adam Link in the Past", Vol.15.no. 2,Feb 1941; "Adam Link Faces A Revolt", Vol. 15/no. 5, May 1941; and "Adam Link Saves The World", Vol.16/no.4,Apr 1942) were more outlandish SF adventure tales with Adam and Eve fighting evil robots and aliens in defense of the human race. All 10 stories were adapted by Otto Binder into a 174-page novel Adam Link: Robot, and first published in the US by Paperback Library in 1965.
"I, Robot" first appeared in color comic strip form in 1954 in EC Comics Weird Science-Fantasy #27, followed by "The Trial of Adam Link" in #28 and "Adam Link in Business" in #29, all adapted by Albert Feldstein, with art by Joe Orlando. Later an irregular series of black and white Adam Link comic strips, written by Otto Binder and drawn by Joe Orlando, were published in Warren Magazines' Creepy between 1965 and 1967 ("I, Robot", #2 Apr 1965; "The Trial Of Adam Link!", #4 Aug 1965; "Adam Link in Business", #6 Dec 1965; "Adam Link's Mate!", #8 Apr 1966; "Adam Link's Vengeance!", #9 Jun 1966; "Adam Link, Robot Detective!", #12 Dec 1966; 'Adam Link Gangster!", #13 Feb 1967; "Adam Link, Champion Athlete", #15 Aug 1967).
Cast
See also
Adam Link
I, Robot (short story)
I, Robot (1995 The Outer Limits)
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes about robots
Television episodes based on short fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%2C%20Robot%20%281964%20The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
The Mechanic Street Historic District encompasses a historic 19th-century mill and mill village in a 14-block area of the Pawcatuck section of Stonington, Connecticut. Extending along the Pawcatuck River and south of West Broad Street (United States Route 1), the area includes a large brick mill complex on the banks of the river, and a neighborhood of well-preserved worker housing on the road grid to its west. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Description and history
The Pawcatuck area of Stonington developed, along with adjacent Westerly, Rhode Island, as a port and shipbuilding center in the early 19th century. Several shipyards lined the western (Stonington) bank of the river, whose worker housing formed the early construction of worker housing on the residential grid to the west. The arrival of the railroad in 1837 led the area to also develop an industrial base, with a foundry established in 1851 and a machine factory in 1857. This plant eventually specialized in the manufacture of printing presses, and was joined later in the 19th century by a textile mill. Worker housing of all types was built nearby, both by the business owners and other parties, to meet the housing demand for the workers employed in these businesses.
The historic district is in size, bounded on the north by West Broad Street and the east by the Pawcatuck River. It includes a large waterfront mill complex, with 7 major buildings over a area, and a smaller company office building. It extends westward from the mill as far as Courtland Street, the area beyond the railroad tracks consisting mainly of worker housing. The buildings in the residential area are stylistically diverse, including examples of Greek Revival housing from the shipyard period, and tenement-style housing built later in the 19th century.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut
References
National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut
Historic districts in New London County, Connecticut
Greek Revival architecture in Connecticut
Stonington, Connecticut
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanic%20Street%20Historic%20District |
PFFR is a Brooklyn-based production company and art collective consisting of Vernon Chatman, John Lee, Alyson Levy and formerly Jim Tozzi until 2009. The group has been active since 1998.
Work
The group's portfolio of work includes two albums, one 7-inch EP and one download-only EP (plus a string of live performances as a band), various art exhibits such as An Attack On All Americans or the Tyranny Of Weed shown at the LFL Gallery in New York and the script for the film Final Flesh. In 2010, they held an exhibition/video screening of a selection of their work entitled PFFR Presents Legacy IIX which took place at the Synchronicity Space in Los Angeles, CA between April 3 and May 1.
PFFR are also active in television comedy. They wrote, directed, produced and starred in the MTV2 variety show Wonder Showzen (2005–2006) and the Adult Swim CGI series Xavier: Renegade Angel. For both these shows, Chatman and Lee are the directors and main voice talent, whilst Tozzi and Levy are the animation/character designer and art director, respectively. Levy provides additional voices for both shows whilst Tozzi does only for 'Xavier'. PFFR are also responsible for producing, directing and co-writing Jon Glaser's Adult Swim show Delocated.
Chatman and Lee collaborated on Doggy Fizzle Televizzle, a short lived sketch show starring Snoop Dogg, although this was not an official PFFR production. Following this show, Snoop Dogg made a guest appearance on PFFR's 'United We Doth' LP as well as a second-season episode of Xavier: Renegade Angel.
In 2015, PFFR produced and directed the music video for Animal Collective's song FloriDada, the first single off of their album Painting With.
PFFR Productions
PFFR Productions (otherwise known as PFFFR in the closing logo) is an American film and television arm of PFFR. The company is best known for television and film productions aimed at mature audience, with such shows like MTV's Wonder Showzen, as well as Adult Swim's Xavier: Renegade Angel. They also produced the 2008 Adult Swim pilot Neon Knome, which would later be worked as The Problem Solverz on Cartoon Network in 2011. Other shows include Delocated, The Heart She Holler and The Shivering Truth (all for Adult Swim), as well as the first season of At Home with Amy Sedaris (for truTV).
The on-screen logo features a creature, who is the "mascot" for PFFR's 2005 EP Chrome Ghost.
Releases
Studio albums
Rock Rocker Rocketh (CD) (2001, self-released)
Injustice Center (12-inch) (2002, Invasion Planète Recordings)
United We Doth (CD) (2003, Birdman)
Extended plays
Chrome Ghost (download) (2005, Birdman-A-Phone)
Dark Louds Over Red Meat (7-inch) (2018, Housewife Records)
Music videos
"Superfine" (from Rock Rocker Rocketh and United We Doth)
"Japoney Appoe" (from Rock Rocker Rocketh and United We Doth)
"Our Concern" (from Injustice Center and United We Doth)
"Feels Like $" (from Injustice Center and United We Doth)
Television shows
Doggy Fizzle Televizzle (2002–2003; an unofficial PFFFR production created by Chatman & Lee)
Wonder Showzen (2005–2006)
Xavier: Renegade Angel (2007–2009)
Delocated (2008–2013)
The Heart, She Holler (2011–2014)
Neon Joe, Werewolf Hunter (2015–2017)
Jon Glaser Loves Gear (2016–2019)
At Home with Amy Sedaris (2017)
The Shivering Truth (2018–2020)
Teenage Euthanasia (2021–present)
TV specials
Ballmastrz: Rubicon (2023; in co-production with Studio 4°C)
Di Bibl (2019; in co-productions with Daisy Studios)
Films
Final Flesh (2009)
The Hands of God (2012)
Untitled Kendrick Lamar project (TBD)
References
External links
PFFR at Birdman Records
PFFR at IMDb
Audio interview with Lee & Chatman on the public radio show The Sound of Young America (also features Jim Gaffigan)
Archived interview with PFFR by Jason Thompson shortly after the release of Rock, Rocker, Rocketh. Originally published on the Echo From Esoterica website.
American artist groups and collectives
Musical collectives
Alternative rock groups from New York (state)
American experimental musical groups
Avant-garde ensembles
American music video directors
Electronic music groups from New York (state)
Indie rock musical groups from New York (state)
Musical groups from Brooklyn
Psychedelic rock music groups from New York (state)
Birdman Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFFR |
Dmitri Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 2 in A major, Op. 68, was composed in 1944 in just nineteen days in Ivanovo, 300 kilometres north-east of Moscow. It was premiered by the Beethoven Quartet and is dedicated to the composer Vissarion Shebalin.
When Shostakovich began writing his Second String Quartet he had already completed eight of his fifteen symphonies. He was also half-way through his life. Another thirteen quartets remained to be composed, however, and they would come in rapid succession.
Structure
The work has four movements:
Playing time is approximately 35 minutes, one minute shorter than his longest, String Quartet No. 15.
The overture that the work begins with is in sonata form, traditional for the first movement of such a work. The music is strong, forceful, and animated. This strong tone is subdued by the lyrical, wandering mood of the recitative. The first violin leads a slow, distressed line of music over soft seventh chords, and eventually finds calm in the romance. The finale works around to and ends in A minor, meaning that the quartet ends in the parallel minor to the opening major key.
External links
02
1944 compositions
Compositions in A major | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20Quartet%20No.%202%20%28Shostakovich%29 |
Gullhaug is the name of several places in Norway:
Gullhaug, Vestfold
Gullhaug, Akershus
Villages in Vestfold og Telemark
Populated places in Vestfold og Telemark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullhaug |
Calvin Kenneth Robertson (born June 10, 1986) is an American actor and cinematographer who is best known for portraying Cal Gabriel in Zero Day, a film based about two students who plan out a school shooting.
Robertson was cast in the role of Gabriel when director Ben Coccio scouted for actors in Connecticut. Robertson and co-star Andre Keuck shared Best Actor honors at the 2003 Slamdunk Film Festival. Robertson also has had many roles in television series including The Sopranos and White Collar and directing multiple short films.
Career
27-year-old director Ben Coccio scouted the local high schools looking for two boys to play the roles of the killers in his movie Zero Day. Coccio decided on Calvin Robertson for the lead role in the film, and then convinced Calvin's parents to allow Calvin to star in the movie. Robertson received a Best Actor award, Zero Day, Florida International Film Fest. The New York Times Elvis Mitchell reviewed Zero Day and said, "Mr. Robertson has the willowy blond good looks of a Gap model, and a sullen presence to match."
After his experience as an actor, Robertson pursued opportunities in movies and television. After some minor success, Robertson settled on work behind the camera. Robertson is now an aspiring filmmaker. He has eight films listed on his web site. In 2013, one of his short films (Dog Ghost) was showcased at NewFilmmakers Los Angeles. In 2015, he assisted Eddie Mullins on the film Doomsdays.
Filmography
Film
Television
Cinematographer and director
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
21st-century American male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%20Robertson |
The Congregation of Presentation Brothers (; English: "Brothers of the Presentation of Mary"; abbreviated F.P.M.) is an international Catholic congregation of laymen founded in 1802 in Waterford, Ireland, by a local Irish businessman, Edmund Ignatius Rice, now Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice. Presentation Brothers live and work in Ireland, England, USA, Canada, Ghana, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Grenada with about 100 brothers throughout these countries.
The brothers take three promises—poverty, chastity and obedience—and live together in small groups called "communities". The motto of the congregation was adopted from that of the Jesuits: "Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam" or For the greater glory of god". Brothers bear the initials F.P.M. (Fratres Presentationis Mariae).
The expressed mission of the Presentation Brothers is to "form Christ in the young" and traditionally they have worked to achieve this through education. Today Presentation Brothers work in a wider range of ministries including with the homeless, elderly, disadvantaged youth and the Roma people. In 2007 the Presentation Brothers opened new missions in Slovakia and Nigeria and an advocacy office for the poor in Geneva.
History
The Presentation Brothers were founded by Edmund Rice in the city of Waterford, Ireland in 1802.
Edmund Rice
Edmund Rice was born in the townland of Westcourt near the village of Callan in County Kilkenny on June 1, 1762. His parents, Robert and Margaret Tierney Murphy Rice, were prosperous farmers. The family spoke Irish but would also have spoken English in order to conduct their business affairs. Ireland in 1762, was under British rule and the anti-Catholic Penal Laws prevented a Catholic from receiving an education. Rice received his primary school education from a hedge school. These were illegal schools established by travelling teachers. The laws were relaxed at the time of Rice's childhood and eventually, he attended an academy in Kilkenny.
At the age of 17, Rice was apprenticed to his uncle, Michael Rice, in Waterford city. Waterford was one of the busiest ports in the world at the time, second only to Hamburg. Seven years later, Rice's uncle signed the business over to him. A shrewd businessman, Rice invested his growing fortune in land and property. At the age of 25, Rice married Mary Elliot, the daughter of a local businessman. Elliot was killed in a horse riding accident and the baby she was carrying was born with a handicap. The baby was christened Mary and Edmund's step-sister Joan took charge of looking after her.
After his wife's death, Rice became more religious and he developed a devotion to Saint Teresa of Jesus. He also became involved in charitable works and regularly visited the poor of Waterford providing financial assistance to those in need. In 1798, Rice helped the Presentation Sisters open a convent and school for girls in Waterford. Rice decided to try something similar for young boys. In 1800, he began to teach youngsters at his business premises in Barronstrand Street with the assistance of some volunteers. The following year, Rice converted some stables on New Street into a makeshift school. His friends and colleagues described it as an act of "mad folly". Two men, Thomas Grosvenor and Patrick Finn, arrived to help. The three men lived in temporary accommodation over the horse stable as they waited for a monastery to be built.
The congregations
In the early days, when Rice first began to attract followers to his way of life, these formed themselves into a small group of companions. They lived together in the community and began to follow an adaptation of the Presentation Sisters’ rule. The Holy See had already approved of this Rule when Edmund and his followers began to use their adaptation of it to guide their first steps along the path of religious life.
In 1832, the Rule of the Religious Brothers, approved by the pope, was adopted. As Superior General of a Pontifical Institute, Rice could now move brothers between dioceses without having to seek each local bishop's permission. The majority of brothers accepted the new Rule and went on to become the Congregation of Christian Brothers. Today there are Irish Christian Brothers in 17 different countries.
Brother Michael Augustine Riordan, and a few of the Cork Brothers decided to remain under the jurisdiction of local diocesan bishop and continued to live by the Presentation Rule. They became a Pontifical Institute in 1889. The Presentation Brothers have a particular devotion to Our Lady of Good Counsel.
Expansion
In 1876, the first Presentation school outside Ireland opened in England. Like the Irish Christian Brothers, the Presentation Brothers have followed the missionary example of the great Irish missionaries Brendan and Colmcille, responding as they believe Edmund Rice would have, to different needs as they encounter them in different regions and different circumstances. Presentation Brothers College, Cork was founded in 1878.
The main foundations have been: U.S.A. 1843; England 1876; Canada 1910; West Indies 1946; Ghana 1968; Peru 1969; Geneva 2007; Nigeria 2007; Slovakia 2007.
From 1991 along with other orders was involved in the Christian Formation Resource Centre (CFRC) in Cork, which developed into the Christian Leadership in Education Office (CLEO), which since 1993 has delivered postgraduate courses in education, in Cork (and from 1993 to 1996 in Limerick), validated by the University of Hull. Since 1995 CLEO has been solely run by the presentation order, and is based in Mardyke House, Cork.
The Leadership Education and Formation (L.E.A.F) Project from the Presentation Brothers is based at Mount St. Joseph's, Cork.
Headquarters
The Presentation Brothers' Generalate is located at Mount St. Joseph, Blarney Street in Cork, Ireland, originally built as a House of Studies, it has been home to the brothers since 1892.
Provinces
There are about 350 Presentation Brothers living in 22 communities in 7 countries around the world.
The congregation is divided into three Provinces:
Anglo-Irish Province (Ireland, England)
Our Lady of the Americas Province (Canada, USA, Grenada)
Ghana Province (Ghana, Nigeria)
Schools
Presentation Brothers College, Cork, Ireland
Coláiste an Spioraid Naoimh, Cork, Ireland
Presentation College, Bray, Wicklow, Ireland
St. Aloysius Grade School, Montreal, Canada
Brebeuf College School, Toronto, Canada
Coláiste Chríost Rí, Cork, Ireland
Coláiste Mhuire, Cobh, Ireland
Presentation College, San Fernando, Trinidad
Presentation Brothers College, Grenada
Presentation College Chaguanas, Trinidad
Presentation Secondary Miltown, Kerry, Ireland
Scoil Chríost Rí, Cork
Presentation College, Carlow
St Mary's College, Vigie, St. Lucia.
Former schools
Presentation College, Reading, England
Presentation High School, Montebello, Quebec
Verdun Catholic High School, Verdun, Quebec
Daniel O'Connell School, Montreal, Quebec
Sacred Heart Elementary School, Prince George, British Columbia
Presentation College, Saint John, Barbados
St Joseph's College Enniskillen, Northern Ireland
Presentation College Glasthule, Leinster, [Ireland]
Notable alumni
Michael Bond, author of Paddington Bear series (Reading)
Joseph Boyden, author of "Three Day Road" and "Through Black Spruce" (Brebeuf)
Marc Kielburger, co-founder of Me to We, Free the Children and Leaders Today (Brebeuf)
John McGahern, author (Presentation College Leitrim)
Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (Pres San Fernando)
Micheál Martin, current Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland (Coláiste Chríost Rí), he also taught in Presentation College. Cork.
Cillian Murphy, actor (Pres Cork)
Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, former Archbishop of Westminster and former President of the Bishops' Conference of England and Wales (Reading & Cork)
Seán Ó Faoláin, author and Short Story writer (Pres Cork)
Joseph Kelly, Editor and CEO of the Universe Catholic newspaper (Reading)
Michael O'Leary, Irish Tánaiste and former leader of the Irish Labour Party (Pres Cork)
Mike Oldfield, musician (Reading)
Basdeo Panday, former Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (Pres San Fernando)
Numerous Irish rugby players including Ronan O'Gara, Peter Stringer and Irish Coach Declan Kidney.
Anthony Carmona, Current President of Trinidad and Tobago (Pres San Fernando)
Jack Warner, Previous Vice President of FIFA (Pres Chaguanas)
Lawrie Sanchez, footballer and football manager (Reading)
Gerard Johnson, musician, composer and producer (Reading)
Damian Thompson, Journalist and Associate Editor of the Spectator (Reading)
Hon. Keith Claudius Mitchell,PhD (Current Prime Minister of Grenada) Presentation Brothers College Grenada
Mr. Maurice Bishop, LLB (Deceased) Former Prime Minister of Grenada. Presentation Brothers College Grenada
Notes
External links
Presentation College Bray
Brebeuf College School (Toronto)
Presentation Brothers College Cork
Catholic teaching orders
Religious organizations established in 1802
Catholic religious institutes established in the 19th century
1802 establishments in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation%20Brothers |
Maryland Route 277 (MD 277) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs from Elk Mills east to MD 279 near Elkton in northeastern Cecil County. MD 277 was constructed west of MD 316 in the early 1920s. The highway was planned to be extended in both directions in the late 1940s. However, neither extension occurred until MD 277 was extended east to MD 279 in the mid-1980s.
Route description
MD 277 begins at an arbitrary point on Elk Mills Road in the community of Elk Mills about west of the entrance to Elk Mills Community Park located north of the road. Elk Mills Road continues west as a county highway toward MD 213. MD 277 heads east as a two-lane undivided road through residential areas of the community and has a grade crossing of CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision railroad line. The highway crosses over Big Elk Creek and passes along the northern edge of the Elk Mills Quarry before intersecting Appleton Road, which heads south as MD 316 and north as a county highway. MD 277 continues east as Fletchwood Road through suburban areas and woods, passing to the north of warehouses. The route briefly parallels the West Branch Christina River as the river passes through Fletchwood Community Park located north of the road. The highway reaches its eastern terminus at MD 279 (Elkton Road) northeast of the town of Elkton and just west of the Delaware state line.
History
Elk Mills Road was constructed as a concrete road from Appleton Road (then named Barksdale Road) to the current western terminus in 1921. By 1934, MD 277 was proposed to be widened from . In 1945, Cecil County requested the highway be extended west to MD 280 (now MD 213) and east to MD 279 in the first year of a three-year post–World War II construction program. The extensions of MD 277 were planned to be placed under contract in 1947. However, the highway from MD 316 to MD 279 was later proposed to be paved by the state but remain a county highway, and the highway west to MD 280 disappeared from improvement plans. MD 277's old bridge across Big Elk Creek was replaced with a steel beam bridge in 1968, and the highway was paved with bituminous concrete in 1973. Almost 40 years after it was proposed, MD 277 was extended east to MD 279 when Fletchwood Road was transferred from county maintenance in a May 16, 1984, road transfer agreement. The Fletchwood Road portion of the highway was reconstructed between 1990 and 1992.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 277
MD 277 at AARoads.com
277
Maryland Route 277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20277 |
Skoppum is a village in the municipality of Horten, Norway. Its population (2005) is 1,633. Skoppum Station on the Vestfold Line is the sole remaining railway station in Horten. It was the site where the Horten Line branched off.
Villages in Vestfold og Telemark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoppum |
is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the junction of the Mittellandkanal and the Dortmund-Ems Canal, approx. 10 km east of Rheine.
Parts of Hörstel are Riesenbeck, Dreierwalde, Birgte and Bevergern
Sports
[[S.C.Hörstel-Arena (Waldstadion)]] home of
[[S.C.Hörstel 1921 e.V.]]
Gallery
People
Georg Hermes (1775-1835), Roman Catholic theologian
Clemens Heereman von Zuydwyck (1832-1903), farmer and politician (Zentrum)
Constantin Heereman von Zuydtwyck (1931-2017), farmer, forester and politician (CDU)
Norbert Klemens Strotmann Hoppe (born 1946), Roman-catholic bishop
Karl-Josef Laumann (born 1957), politician (CDU)
Peter Niemeyer (born 1983), football player and manager
References
Steinfurt (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6rstel |
"The Inheritors" is the only two-part episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It comprises the forty-first and forty-second episodes of the show, in the second season. Part I was first aired on November 21, 1964; Part II on November 28, 1964.
Part I
Four U.S. Army soldiers, with nothing in common other than having served in the same combat zone and been shot in the head with bullets cast from fragments of a meteorite, cheat death and begin working on a mysterious project. Intelligence officer Adam Ballard attempts to unravel the mystery behind the strange behavior of the men, who have each attained I.Q.s of over 200.
Opening narration: In the troubled places of the world, the Devil's Hunter finds rare game. For man-made savagery is only the instrument for a secret terror stirring from its dark place of ambush...
Lt. Minns (Steve Ihnat) is shot in the head. Rescued, he is flown to the U.S. and is operated on by American doctors. Adam Ballard (Robert Duvall) watches the operation. Minns begins to show the same brainwave patterns that three other men have shown—each one shot in the head by a bullet made from a meteorite fragment. Ballard explains to his superior (Ted De Corsia) that he believes Earth has been invaded, and that these four men are in league with extraterrestrials. As Ballard investigates, he discovers that the men are building a starship. He also discovers that Minns is recruiting children to take with him on a long trip. All the children are handicapped in some way—blind, deaf/mute, paralyzed in the legs, and so on. Ballard is afraid these helpless children are to be victims of alien abduction. He finds the location where the ship is being built, but the men within are sealed off by a force field that nothing can penetrate.
Closing narration: Man looks up at the stars, and dreams his futile dreams. Child of the universe, his toys are ignorance, his games, fantasy. Not even master of his own fate, it is the Devil's Puppeteer who stretches his fingers to answer the question: What will happen next?
Part II
Opening narration: The Earth, tumbling grain of sand in the darkness of unending space, plays host to a strange and awful guest, unsought, uninvited, possessor of fearsome power, purveyor of dark deed, a relentless traveler on the road to its mysterious goal...
Lt. Minns arrives with the children, and ushers them into the ship, suggesting, "help each other ... learn to help each other". Ballard begs the men to fight the "Charlie" in their heads, turn off the force field, and not kidnap the children. Minns explains the project's purpose. The children are not to be examined, they are to be helped—the alien intelligence behind this project originates from a planet inhabited by a highly advanced, peaceful extraterrestrial civilization that has become sterile and are now unable to perpetuate their species. Therefore, they have chosen several handicapped/disinherited children that would not miss their life on Earth, to become the inheritors of their legacy, and thus they will be taken to a new world, where their handicaps will be healed. Indeed, the special air circulating within the starship has even now begun to heal them. Minns turns off the force field, and invites Ballard inside the ship. Ballard sees what Minns says is true. He exits, and Minns gives the men a choice—stay on Earth or go with him and the children. They elect to leave for a new world and a new life.
Closing narration: The Inheritors are on their way. In a universe of billions of stars, there are places of love and happiness. On this Earth, in this spot, magic settled for a moment. Wonder touched a few lives, and a few odd pieces fell smoothly into the jigsaw of Creation.
Production
Story editor Seeleg Lester was determined to feature a benevolent "invasion" in the story, because, as he says, "Monsters coming to destroy the world is garbage. We had the god-damndest trouble with ABC because they didn't understand the story. I told Ben: 'We'll fight for this. If they want monsters, we'll put in the other shows.' And when ABC saw the final-draft script, they told us, 'You know, this could make a damned good story — let's not fuck it up!' That illustrates the kind of mentality the network had."
Lieutenant Minns' climactic monologue in Part II was improvised by actor Steve Ihnat, based loosely on the original scripted lines. Actress Morgan Brittany later said, "He put it into his own words... not a word-for-word memorization. It just came out so beautifully. To me, it made the whole show... You've never in your life seen crew members so mesmerized. Just silence on the set."
Director James Goldstone had a hard time dramatizing the plywood spaceship rising into the air at the end of the story: "We couldn't do it optically, and didn't have the time or the money to shoot it any other way, so Ken Peach and I just dollied the camera back until we were off the stage, then tilted up to the sky."
Cast
Part I only
Part II only
References
External links
"The Inheritors" appreciation by David C. Holcomb
"The Inheritors" Photobook
IMDB.com "The Inheritors: part 1"
IMDB.com "The Inheritors: part 2"
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes about alien visitations
Television episodes directed by James Goldstone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Inheritors%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
Nykirke is a village in the municipality of Horten, Norway, located near the E18. Its population as of 2005 is 662. It has its own church, which is more than 800 years old.
Famous people
Jørgen Jalland – footballer
Olaf Tufte – competition rower, two times Olympic gold medalist
Villages in Vestfold og Telemark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nykirke |
Weishan Liu (劉維姍) is a guzheng (Chinese zither) master performer, composer and educator, based in San Francisco, California, United States. She studied at the Shenyang Conservatory of Music from 1949 onwards.
References
External links
Weishan Liu's Web page
San Francisco Gu-Zheng Music Society
20th-century Chinese composers
Guzheng players
Year of birth missing (living people)
Musicians from California
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%20Weishan |
Sacramento City Unified School District (SCUSD) is a public school system in Sacramento, California. With 47,900 students in 81 schools, it is the eleventh largest school district in California.
Boundary
The SCUSD serves most of Sacramento south of the American River, portions of La Riviera, Mather, Parkway and Rancho Cordova and all of Fruitridge Pocket, Lemon Hill and Rosemont.
Founding
Harvey Willson “H.W.” Harkness was elected as the first president of the Sacramento board of education in 1853. In 1854, city commissioners opened Sacramento's first public school, consisting of two grammar schools and a co-ed primary school. In 1856, Sacramento High School, the city's first high school, opened. It was the second oldest American high school west of the Mississippi River until closing in 2003. In 1894, the board of education abolished segregated education.
Development
In 2012, voters approved two general obligation bonds, Measure Q for $346,000,000 and Measure R for $68,000,000, to improve district facilities.
Schools
Demographics
The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for TIME magazine named Sacramento “America’s Most Diverse City.” Accordingly, SCUSD’s student population is reflected as 36% Hispanic or Latino, 18.3% Asian; 16.3% African American; and 19% white. About 7% of students are of two or more races. Residents within SCUSD speak more than 40 languages; 38% of students do not speak English at home.
Elementary schools
The following is a list of SCUSD elementary schools:
Abraham Lincoln Elementary School
Bowling Green Charter Chacon Language & Science Academy
Bowling Green Charter McCoy Academy
Bret Harte Elementary School
Caleb Greenwood Elementary School
Camellia Basic Elementary School
Caroline Wenzel Elementary School
Cesar E. Chavez Elementary School (4-6th Grade)
Crocker/Riverside Elementary School
David Lubin Elementary School
Earl Warren Elementary School
Edward Kemble Elementary School
Elder Creek Elementary School
Ethel I. Baker Elementary School
Ethel Phillips Elementary School
Genevieve Didion Elementary School (K-8)
Golden Empire Elementary School
H.W. Harkness Elementary School
Hollywood Park Elementary School
Hubert H. Bancroft Elementary School
Isador Cohen Elementary School
James W. Marshall Elementary School
John Bidwell Elementary School
John Cabrillo Elementary School
John D. Sloat Basic Elementary School
Leataata Floyd Elementary School
Leonardo da Vinci eK-8 School
Mark Twain Elementary School
Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School
Matsuyama Elementary School
Nicholas Elementary School
O.W. Erlewine Elementary School
Oak Ridge Elementary School
Pacific Elementary School
Parkway Elementary School
Peter Burnett Elementary School
Phoebe Hearst Elementary School
Pony Express Elementary School
Rosa Parks K-8 School
Sequoia Elementary School
Susan B. Anthony Elementary School
Sutterville Elementary School
Tahoe Elementary School
Theodore Judah Elementary School
Washington Elementary School
William Land Elementary School
Woodbine Elementary School
Middle schools
The following is a list of SCUSD middle schools:
Albert Einstein Middle School
California Middle School
Fern Bacon Middle School
Genevieve Didion(K-8)
Kit Carson Middle School
Sam Brannan Middle School
School of Engineering and Sciences Middle & High School
Sutter Middle School
Will C. Wood Middle School
High schools
The following is a list of SCUSD high schools:
American Legion High School
Arthur A. Benjamin Health Professions High School
C.K. McClatchy High School
George Washington Carver School of Arts and Science High School
Hiram Johnson High School
John F. Kennedy High School
Luther Burbank High School
The Met Sacramento High School
Rosemont High School
Sacramento Accelerated Academy High School
Sacramento New Technology High School
School of Engineering and Sciences Middle & High School
West Campus High School
Charter schools
The following is a list of SCUSD charter schools:
Aspire Capitol Heights Academy (K-5)
Bowling Green Charter Chacon Language & Science Academy (elementary)
Bowling Green Charter McCoy Academy (elementary)
California Montessori Project - Capitol Campus (K-8)
Capitol Collegiate Academy (K-8)
George Washington Carver School of Arts and Science High School
Language Academy of Sacramento (K-8)
Oak Park PrepMiddle School (7-8)
Sacramento Charter High School
Sacramento New Technology High School
Sol Aureus College Preparatory (K-8)
St. HOPE Public School 7 (PS7) Middle School (6-8)
St. HOPE Public School 7 (PS7) Elementary School (K-5)
The Met Sacramento High School
Yav Pem Suab Academy (elementary)
Notable alumni
Anthony Kennedy – U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Dr. Cornel West – renowned political scholar
Sacramento Coalition to Save Public Education
The Sacramento Coalition to Save Public Education was formed by disgruntled parents, educators, and community members to counteract what was perceived as an attack on unionized public schools and the abrogation of the responsibility of the district to fund education for every child.
Background
The Sacramento City Unified School District (SCUSD) Board of Education, led by Superintendent Jim Sweeney, created several charter schools in the district, the most controversial of which is located on the campus of Sacramento High School.
To create a charter school at Sacramento High School, the SCUSD Board made the controversial decision to close Sacramento High School. They then issued a charter to St. Hope, a not-for-profit community development corporation founded by former NBA player Kevin Johnson. St. Hope opened its charter school on September 2, 2003. Some parents, along with the teachers' union, sued the district because it felt the creation of the charter school was not in compliance with California state law. The court found that SCUSD indeed violated the charter school law. A consent decree was entered into by the plaintiffs, St. Hope, and SCUSD. and the settlement required that SCUSD create a public high school for the attendance area served by Sacramento High School. To date several unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish a replacement program for Sacramento High school.
References
External links
1854 establishments in California
School districts established in 1854
School districts in Sacramento County, California
Organizations based in Sacramento, California
Education in Sacramento, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento%20City%20Unified%20School%20District |
Ethnohistory is the study of cultures and indigenous peoples customs by examining historical records as well as other sources of information on their lives and history. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not still exist. The term is most commonly used in writing about the history of the Americas.
Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the use of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and placenames.
Historical development
Scholars studying the history of Mexico's indigenous have a long tradition, dating back to the colonial era; they used alphabetic texts and other sources to write the history of Mexico's indigenous peoples. The Handbook of Middle American Indians, edited by archeologist Robert Wauchope was involved with creating a multiple volumes on Mesoamerican ethnohistory, published as Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, appearing in 1973. At the time that the volumes were published, "both the term 'ethnohistory' and its concepts in the sense used here have entered the literature rather recently and are not fully agreed upon." The volumes were intended to be an inventory of sources "which in later hands could utilize to produce professionally acceptable ethnohistory."
In the mid to late 20th century, a number of ethnohistorians of Mexico began to systematically publish many colonial alphabetic texts in indigenous Mexican languages, in a branch of ethnohistory currently known as the New Philology. That built on an earlier tradition of practitioners writing the history of Mexico that fully integrated the history of its indigenous peoples.
In the United States, the field arose out of the study of American Indian communities required by the Indian Claims Commission. It gained a pragmatic rather than a theoretical orientation, with practitioners testifying both for and against Indian claims. The emerging methodology used documentary historical sources and ethnographic methods. Among the scholars working on the cases was Latin Americanist Howard F. Cline, who was commissioned to work on Florida Indians and Jicarilla Apache and Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, Director of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley Research Project and founder of the American Society for Ethnohistory.
The field has also reached into Melanesia, where recent European contact allowed researchers to observe the early postcontact period directly and to address important theoretical questions. Michael Harkin argues that ethnohistory was part of the general rapprochement between history and anthropology in the late 20th century.
Ethnohistory grew organically thanks to external nonscholarly pressures, without an overarching figure or conscious plan; even so, it came to engage central issues in cultural and historical analysis. Ethnohistorians take pride in using their special knowledge of specific groups, their linguistic insights, and their interpretation of cultural phenomena. They claim to achieve a more in-depth analysis than the average historian is capable of doing based solely on written documents produced by and for one group. They try to understand culture on its own terms and according to its own cultural code. Ethnohistory differs from other historically-related methodologies in that it embraces emic perspectives as tools of analysis. The field and its techniques are well suited for writing histories of Native American peoples because of its holistic and inclusive framework. It is especially important because of its ability to bridge differing frameworks and access a more informed context for interpretations of the past.
The definition of the field has become more refined over the years. Early on, ethnohistory differed from history proper in that it added a new dimension, specifically "the critical use of ethnological concepts and materials in the examination and use of historical source material," as described by William N. Fenton. Later, James Axtell described ethnohistory as "the use of historical and ethnological methods to gain knowledge of the nature and causes of change in a culture defined by ethnological concepts and categories." Others have focused this basic concept on previously ignored historical actors. Ed Schieffelin asserted, for example, that ethnohistory must fundamentally take into account the people's own sense of how events are constituted, and their ways of culturally constructing the past. Finally, Simmons formulated his understanding of ethnohistory as "a form of cultural biography that draws upon as many kinds of testimony as possible over as long a time period as the sources allow." He described ethnohistory as an endeavor based on a holistic, diachronic approach that is most rewarding when it can be "joined to the memories and voices of living people."
Reflecting upon the history of ethnohistory as research field in the US, Harkin has situated it within the broader context of convergences and divergences of the fields of history and anthropology and the special circumstances of American Indian land claims and legal history in North American in the mid-20th century.
Commenting on the possibilities for ethnohistory studies of traditional societies in Europe (such as Ireland), Guy Beiner observed that "pioneering figures in the development of ethnohistory … have argued that this approach could be fruitfully applied to the study of Western societies, but such initiatives have not picked up and very few explicitly designated ethnohistories of European communities have been written to date".
See also
History
New Philology
Aztec codices
Maya codices
Ethnography
Ethnic group
Ethnoarchaeology
Indian Claims Commission
History of the Romani people
References
Further reading
Adams, Richard N. "Ethnohistoric research methods: Some Latin American features." Anthropological Linguistics 9, (1962) 179-205.
Bernal, Ignacio. "Archeology and written sources.". 34th International Congress of Americanists (Vienna, 1966). Acta pp. 219–25.
Carrasco, Pedro. "La etnohistoria en Meso-américa." 36th International Congress of Americanists (Barcelona, 1964). Acta 2, 109-10.
Cline, Howard F. "Introduction: Reflections on Ethnohistory" in Handbook of Middle American Indians, Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Part 1, vol. 12. pp. 3–17. Austin: University of Texas Press 1973.
Fenton, W.N. "The training of historical ethnologists in America." American Anthropologist 54(1952) 328-39.
Gunnerson, J.H. "A survey of ethnohistoric sources." Kroeber Anthr. Soc. Papers 1958, 49-65.
Lockhart, James "Charles Gibson and the Ethnohistory of Postconquesst Central Mexico" in Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology. Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, vol. 76. 1991
Sturtevant, W.C. "Anthropology, history, and ethnohistory." Ethnohistory 13(1966) 1-51.
Vogelin, E.W. "An ethnohistorian's viewpoint" The Bulletin of the Ohio Valley historic Indian conference, 1 (1954):166-71.
External links
American Society for Ethnohistory
Ethnohistory Map of Tribes in Europe
Fields of history
Anthropology
Ethnography
Historiography
Interdisciplinary historical research | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnohistory |
Barkåker is a village in the municipality of Tønsberg, Norway. Its population is 1,374.
References
Tønsberg
Villages in Vestfold og Telemark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark%C3%A5ker |
"The Duplicate Man" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It was first aired on 19 December 1964, during the second season.
Opening narration
Since the first day that Man stared up at the stars and saw other worlds, there has been no more haunting question than this: What will we find there? Will there be other creatures, and will they be like us? Or when that ancient dream comes true, will it turn into a nightmare? Will we find, on some distant, frozen planet, an alien life of unimaginable horror?
Plot
It is the year 2025; fourteen years previously wealthy research academic Henderson James had Captain Karl Emmet smuggle a Megasoid to Earth. It is illegal to possess a Megasoid as they are highly dangerous, always thinking about killing, unless in a reproductive cycle, which this one now is. When the Megasoid escapes to hide amongst the stuffed exhibits at a nearby space zoo, James, lacking the courage to track it down and kill it himself, has a clone of himself illegally made for the purpose by clone bootlegger Basil Jerichau. Strict guidelines govern the production of these "duplicates", which must be destroyed before vestigial memory renders them indistinguishable from the originals.
The clone botches its mission at the zoo and the Megasoid gets away after informing the clone that he is a duplicate. A trace of memory leads the duplicate James to the home of Captain Emmet. Emmet panics and tries to phone the police; the duplicate James knocks him out cold; and, accumulating more of the real Henderson James’ memories as he goes, he finds his way to "his" own home. The wounded Megasoid returns to the James home and hides in the bushes. Duplicate James meets the real James’ wife, Laura, who sees in him a more youthful version of her husband before he became obsessed with studying the Megasoid. The real James has gone to bribe Emmet into killing the duplicate James once he has completed his mission. Returning home, he leaves Emmett on the grounds to await duplicate James’ arrival. Unfortunately, Emmett is attacked and killed by the Megasoid. Entering his home, the real James meets his duplicate. Seeing a more compassionate version of himself gives him the courage to kill the alien, as he believes Laura would be happier with the duplicate.
Henderson James and his duplicate hunt for the Megasoid. James shoots the alien after it has torn his duplicate apart. He discovers that his clone was dying all the time, from a timed release of poison into his blood stream; a precaution provided by the clone bootlegger. A less cynical Henderson James is now reconciled with his wife.
Closing narration
"In all the universe, can there be creatures more strange than the species called Man? He creates and destroys; he fumbles and makes mistakes. But the thing which distinguishes him is his ability to learn from his mistakes."
Background
Adapted from the short story 'Goodnight, Mr James' by Clifford D. Simak, first published in Galaxy Science Fiction magazine in March 1951, later published as "The Night of the Puudly" in 1964 in a collection of Simak's short stories. The original story begins and ends with the "duplicate" of Henderson James, who awakes on a street in an unnamed city with a mission to kill an alien called a Puudly. Using telepathy the Puudly informs "duplicate" James of his origins as a clone, before James kills it. James then decides to attempt to talk the real Henderson James into letting him live. The clone of James arrives at Henderson James' home just after the gardener (whose job it is to kill the clone) has mistakenly killed the real James instead. As the duplicate prepares to become the real James, he receives a phone call from Allen, the clone bootlegger, who advises him of the poison: "Like a time bomb. No antidote for it even if he found out somehow." The duplicate says "It was good of you to let me know." Allen replies, "Glad to, Goodnight, Mr. James." (source - The Outer Limits: The Official Companion (1986), page 343.)
The Chemosphere House was used in exterior shots as the home of the character Captain Emmet.
Star Ron Randell has been in The Most Dangerous Man Alive.
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Fiction set in 2011
Fiction set in 2025
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Duplicate%20Man |
"Keeper of the Purple Twilight" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 5 December 1964, during the second season.
‘Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales’ is a line in Alfred Tennyson’s poem Locksley Hall (written 1835).
Opening narration
There is no limit to the extension of the curious mind. It reaches to the end of the imagination, then beyond into the mysteries of dreams, hoping always to convert even the dreams into reality, for the greater well-being of all mankind…
Plot
Scientist Eric Plummer comes under the sinister influence of a creature from outer space, capable of materializing in human form, but lacking human emotions.
As a prelude for the invasion of Earth by his kind, an extraterrestrial being, Ikar, studies the human race. The one thing he cannot comprehend is emotion. Meanwhile, obsessed scientist Plummer is nearing a nervous breakdown, trying to complete a magnetic disintegrator that will convert matter into pure energy. As Plummer's weapon would aid Ikar's invasion force if completed, Ikar makes a deal with Plummer (who is unaware of Ikar's purpose). He will help Plummer complete the invention by offering his technical knowledge to provide the new equations necessary for the invention's completion in exchange for the scientist's ability to feel emotions for a "test drive".
It is revealed that Ikar comes from a hive world with strictly defined roles, divorced from emotion and personal identity. Big brains (like himself) do the thinking, while soldiers do the fighting, and females produce the offspring as their only function.
Due to the interference of Plummer's girlfriend, Janet Lane, Ikar is unable to control or understand his adopted emotions. This causes the experiment to backfire. The alien has great difficulty in understanding such things as love and beauty - concepts utterly foreign in his world. Ikar's behavior comes to the attention of his superiors, who dispatch soldier-forms of his species to discipline him. Meanwhile, Plummer uses Ikar's data to harness a fantastic energy source and fashions a weapon capable of destroying all life.
Ikar, who has begun to experience emotions such as anger and desire for Janet, who compares Ikar's world to an ant colony. He returns the scientist's emotions to him. Ikar is now being pursued by his own species, as a threat to the planned invasion. It is revealed the aliens' homeworld is overpopulated, and they have chosen Earth to be their new home. In the end, having experienced emotions and now feeling sympathy for Plummer, Ikar kills two of the soldiers but is himself disintegrated before Plummer destroys the last soldier. In disgust, Plummer destroys his weapon, erasing all traces of his work and evidence of the aliens.
Closing narration
The curious mind cannot be chained. It is a free mind, endlessly searching for the greater freedom that must eventually make every living being joyfully complete within himself; therefore at peace with himself and his neighbors.
Cast
Legacy
The creatures on this episode were adapted to Diener Industries' Space Creatures line.
References
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeper%20of%20the%20Purple%20Twilight |
Melsomvik is a village in the municipality of Sandefjord, Norway, which lies by the Tønsberg Fjord. Its population is 2,076 as of 2016. It has been a boat harbor since Medieval times when the Leidang fleet was located in Melsomvik. When the conflict with Sweden escalated and fears of war were imminent, the Royal Norwegian Navy was relocated from Horten to Melsomvik as Melsomvik was a better-protected location. Melsomvik remained an important site for the Norwegian Armed Forces until the 1960s. During the age of sailships there was much activity in Melsomvik, and it was also where the Navy laid their ships up in the years 1898-1964. Whale-catchers were also harbored in the hamlet of Melsomvik. Melsomvik experiences significant summer tourism and is home to many vacation homes.
An agricultural school was established at Melsom on April 30, 1957, known as Vestfold Landbruksskole. This school changed names to Melsom Secondary School in 1994. Melsomvik is also home to Oslofjord Convention Center, formerly known as Brunstad Conference Center, which was established in 2003. It is owned and operated by Brunstad Christian Church (“Smith’s Friends”) and has a capacity of 9,000 guests in its 2,400 rooms.
The neighboring village of Storevar was annexed into Melsomvik in 2016. Melsomvik was previously a part of Stokke municipality, but became a village in Sandefjord municipality on January 1, 2017.
Description
Melsomvik is known for its architecture which resembles that of Southern Norway. It has been an active harbor since the Middle Ages. The Norwegian Armed Forces maintained in control of its harbor until 1964. A coastal hiking trail can be found along the coast from Brunstad to Storevar. Remains from German fortifications can be seen along the coast, and burial mounds dated to the Iron Age can be found at Trælsodden. Melsomvik is also home of Oslofjord Convention Center, which is owned by Brunstad Christian Church and has a seating capacity for up to 6,800 people. The large convention center has also been home to Arctic Equestrian Games, the largest horse show in Norway. It has an overnight capacity of 800 and is also the home of a separate campground. Brunstad in northern Melsomvik is also home to a municipal beach, and various convenience stores and a seafood restaurant are open during summers near the beach at Brunstad.
Sundås Fort
A defunct fort can be seen at the 87-meter Sundåsen, south of Storevar in the former Stokke municipality (now Sandefjord). It lies by Bogen and offers panoramic surrounding views of the Swedish coastline in the east and the Skrim mountains in the west. Forts were constructed at both Sundåsen and Håøya, meant to protect the former marine harbor found in Melsomvik. Melsomvik became a marine harbor in the late 1800s and was home to modern fortifications equipped with canons for protection. The fort at Sundåsen was constructed during turbulent times with Sweden, during the Union between Sweden and Norway, and the fort was erected to prevent a potential Swedish invasion. Most of the fort at Sundåsen has been removed, but remains can still be seen, including three concrete gun pits overlooking the Tønsberg Fjord.
Recreation
Stokke has a 14-kilometer coastline with a varied landscape. Much of its coastal trails can be found in Melsomvik and are parts of the international North Sea Trail, a network of 5000 km of international hiking trails surrounding the North Sea. In the inner parts of Melsomvik Bay is Melsomvik Plant and Wildlife Refuge. This 39 ha. (9.6 acre) reserve was established in 2006 and is home to a variety of oak and broad-leaved tree species along with vulnerable wildlife species.
Grave mounds dating to the Iron Age can be seen at Trælsodden. At this time, the ocean levels were 4-5 meters (13-16 ft.) higher and the mounds were situated closer to the sea. At Trælsodden, remains from battlements and trenches may also be found, constructed by the Germans during World War II.
References
Villages in Vestfold og Telemark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melsomvik |
"Counterweight" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 26 December 1964, during the second season.
Opening narration
"The great unknown: Limitless heavens crowded with sparking mysteries, challenging Man's curiosity. But the heavens are not oceans. Man cannot push a boat into its currents and set sail for the next horizon. The heavens are a mystery only science can solve, as it penetrates the unknown."
Plot
Four scientists, a newspaper man and a construction tycoon agree to spend 261 days in isolation in an interstellar flight simulation to planet Antheon, a world that would be a potential target for future human colonization. A "panic button" is included in case any of the subjects wants to end the simulation. However, hitting the button ends the entire simulation, and all participants will forfeit cash awards for completing the experiment. Unbeknownst to all, the experiment has been infiltrated by an extraterrestrial being, one who causes the subconscious mind of the various passengers to go amok: one of the passengers finds the doll of his deceased daughter on his bed, while another one is almost choked in his sleep by invisible hands. As months pass on board, relations between passengers become increasingly tense and uneasy, each one being faced with his own part of darkness. Horror eventually escalates with the plants of one passenger coming to life and destroying one another and the presence incarnating itself into one of the plants and making it grow into a huge, hideous creature. The extraterrestrial mind eventually reveals itself to the entire crew, claiming to be one of Antheon's indigenous inhabitants. The humans are accused of planning to come to Antheon with intentions of aggressive invasion and conquest, one thing the aliens cannot accept. In the end, the simulation is interrupted.
Closing narration
"Panic button pressed. Passengers returned. One side always in the sunlight, the other always in darkness; the known and the unknown. Frightening to each other only when they are both unknown... and misunderstood."
Closing credits
Following the closing "Control Voice" narration, and before the usual closing credits, the entire cast (excluding the voice of the alien) appear in flashbacks with identifying credits. This is the only time this technique was used on The Outer Limits.
Background
Based on the short story "Counterweight" by Jerry Sohl, first published in Worlds of If magazine in November 1959. The original story traces the activity of a "Nilly" or scapegoat placed aboard Weblor II, a long term space colony flight, so that the passengers will direct all their anger and frustrations toward it and not each other. It is known to the colonists as "Red Mask" and it keeps up a level of terrorism that keeps the colonists from killing each other, and when the time is ripe dying at their hands.
In the original story, this measure is employed on Weblor II due to the failure of the first flight on Weblor I and its disappearance without a trace on the second flight due to the social breakdown of the passengers and crew on a long space flight. A Nilly is a human operative among the passengers who, with the collusion of the captain and key crew members, provides the "counterweight", that is, a necessary diversion of tensions between the passengers, by committing, or seeming to commit, various acts of theft and violence, climaxing with the apprehension, trial, and fake execution of the Nilly. The term "Nilly" comes from the name Gelthorpe Nill, a former counter-espionage specialist who trained Harrel Critten, the Nilly on Weblor II.
Milton Krims's script turns the source story on its head. He introduces an actual alien presence, in place of a human scapegoat, in the form of a jagged light pattern and changes the genuine long space voyage into a simulated voyage that all the participants know from the start is only a simulation that can be terminated at any time by pressing a panic button. The alien then causes trouble between the passengers instead of diverting trouble toward itself as a scapegoat. When Joe Dix will not permit anyone to press the panic button the jagged Antheon light pattern occupies a plant specimen, turning into a human sized monster. After stating its concerns about the violent behavior of humans then giving a warning to stay away from the planet Antheon, it forces Joe Dix to hit the panic button, thus ending the "flight."
Cast
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1964 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Jerry Sohl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterweight%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
"The Brain of Colonel Barham" (original title: "The Brain of Donald Duncan") is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 2 January 1965, during the second season. The episodes reunite the two former leads of Hawaiian Eye, Grant Williams and Anthony Eisley.
Opening narration
"With the world growing more crowded, the great powers strive to conquer other planets. The race is on. The interplanetary sea has been charted; the first caravelle of space is being constructed. Who will get there first? Who will be the new Columbus?"
Plot
The space race continues as the American military strives to be the first to successfully land a man on Mars. But the best candidate for the job, Col. Barham, is dying of an incurable ailment that has left him unable to walk. There is great debate whether a human being could survive a trip to Mars and whether a computer could adapt to unforeseen circumstances. It is decided to separate the Colonel's brain from his body and keep it alive, with neural implants connecting it to visual and audio input/output for the mission combining an astronaut's brain with a computer. But without a body, the brain becomes extremely powerful and develops megalomaniacal tendencies that endanger the life of his wife and others.
Closing narration
"Progress goes on. One experiment fails, but even out of failure valuable lessons are learned. A way will be found, someday, somehow. It always is."
Cast
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1965 American television episodes
Works about astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Brain%20of%20Colonel%20Barham |
Vear is a village in Vestfold, Norway, located in the municipality of Tønsberg. It had a population of 3,520 in 2005. Vear lies near the border between Stokke (Sandefjord) and Tønsberg. It lies along Norwegian County Road 303 between Sandefjord and Tønsberg. It has a total area, including land- and water, of 3.55 km2. It is located 6 km south of Tønsberg, and 20 km north of Sandefjord city centre. The combined populations of Vear, Hognes, Bjelland, and Smørberg is 3,800 people as of 2015.
Although Stokke municipality decided to merge into Sandefjord on January 1, 2017, Vear residents decided to leave Stokke in order to merge into neighboring Tønsberg. Turnout for the ballot was big with 72.9 percent of eligible voters. 63.8 percent of Vear residents decided to transfer to Tønsberg, while 34.1 percent preferred to follow Stokke into Sandefjord municipality. Vear is home to 2,500 residents, which made up 22 percent of Stokke's total population prior to the merge.
The village was for long straddling the Tønsberg-Stokke border, and certain parts of town were located in Tønsberg rather than in Stokke. Stokke established an elementary- and middle school at Vear in 1974, while Tønsberg established an elementary school at Hogsnes fifteen years later, less than 900 meters from the previous school. Vear and neighboring Hogsnes have grown together and make up one residential community.
References
External links
Villages in Vestfold og Telemark
Tønsberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vear |
"The Premonition" is an episode of the television show The Outer Limits. It first aired on 9 January 1965, during the second season.
Opening narration
On the fabulous spawning grounds of Man's ever-increasing knowledge of science and technology, ancient, half-forgotten legends seemingly have no place. Except one: The legend of the Gordian Knot, a knot so intricate and convoluted that no man could untie it. For there are problems so perplexing that they are seemingly impossible to solve, when Man ventures to the outer limits of his experience...
Plot
Jim Darcy, the pilot of an X-15 rocket-powered research aircraft, and his wife, Linda, become trapped 10 seconds ahead of their time, enabling them to watch time unfold to catch up with them at the rate of about one second every 30 minutes. In the time left before returning to synch with normal time, they see that their daughter, Janie, is about to be hit by a rolling military truck whose parking brake had not been set. Jim and Linda's inability to move objects in the "real" world prevents them from resetting the truck's parking brake or pulling young Janie out of danger. Their problem is aggravated as they soon learn that at the moment when time "catches up" with them, they must assume the exact positions they had been in five hours earlier, when this whole thing started, or they could remain in that state forever.
They meet an unnamed and seemingly malevolent individual (the "Limbo Being") who earlier experienced the same situation, but failed to make it back in time. When it reveals that it could take from them their chances to return to reality Jim and Linda come to see just how grave their situation is: one or both could end up being stuck in this state forever.
On discovering that he can move and manipulate items in the crashed plane and car, Jim hits upon a way to save his daughter from death. He removes seatbelts from his wife's car and ties them to the back wheel of the menacing truck. He then ties the other end around the brake lever so that the truck's brakes will engage the moment the time warp ends. (It was, by that time, moving at 10 mph.)
With no time to spare, they hurry back to the crash site and assume their original positions. When time catches up the seatbelt pulls the emergency brake, stopping the truck. Their daughter is safe, and the world returns to normal. Jim and Linda have no recollection of their time in the limbo state, however they both feel compelled to check on their daughter as soon as possible. Jim comandeers a nearby jeep and they rush back to find their daughter safe and sound. When they each wonder why they needed to return so quickly, Jim remarked that he had a "premonition", to which Linda replied "So did I".
Closing narration
Man is forever solving the most perplexing problems as he ventures ever further into the unknown. But where are the outer limits of his ingenuity? Will he ever encounter a problem, a Gordian Knot, which he cannot ultimately cut?
Cast
Production notes
Many effects were used to keep even the slightest movement by the actors and extras from being noticed such as: still photographs, two-dimensional life-sized cardboard cutouts and split screen effects where one half of the screen was a freeze frame and the other incorporated movement.
This episode's original title was "Gordian Knot". The Gordian Knot is a legend associated with Alexander the Great. It is often used as a metaphor for an intractable problem, solved by a bold stroke.
The X-15 accident footage used in this episode occurred 5 November 1959 when a small engine fire forced pilot Scott Crossfield to make an emergency landing on Rosamond Dry Lake, Edwards AFB, California, in 56-6671. Not designed to land with fuel on board, the test craft came down with a heavy load of propellants and broke its back, grounding this particular X-15 for three months.
References
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1965 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Gerd Oswald | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Premonition%20%28The%20Outer%20Limits%29 |
The American Numismatic Society (ANS) is a New York City-based organization dedicated to the study of coins, money, medals, tokens, and related objects. Founded in 1858, it is the only American museum devoted exclusively to their preservation and study. Its collection encompasses nearly one million items, including medals and paper money, as well as the world's most comprehensive library of numismatic literature. The current President of the Society, Dr. Ute Wartenberg, served as the Executive Director for two decades and was succeeded in this role by Dr. Gilles Bransbourg.
Introduction
The American Numismatic Society is an organization dedicated to the study of coins, currency, medals, tokens, and related objects from all cultures, past and present. The Society's headquarters in New York City houses the foremost research collection and library specialized in numismatics in the United States. These resources are used to support research and education in numismatics for the benefit of academic specialists, serious collectors, professional numismatists, and the interested public. It is one of a number of numismatic associations. The ANS is a constituent member of the American Council of Learned Societies, as well as other notable museum and culture umbrella organizations.
Mission
The mission of the ANS is the creation and maintenance of the preeminent national institution advancing the study and public appreciation of coins, currency, medals, orders and decorations, and related objects of all cultures as historical and artistic documents and artifacts.
Location
The Society and its holdings have been housed in several locations in New York City. The first meetings of the Society were hosted in private homes, including at the family home of ANS founding member, Augustus B. Sage in 1856. For the next several decades, the ANS and its collection were maintained in rented spaces at the Cooper Union, the Bible House at Astor Place, Union Dime Savings Bank, among other locations. With the largess of Archer Huntington, who became a member of the ANS in 1899 and its president in 1904, the Society moved to Audubon Terrace on West 155th and Broadway, first hosted by the Hispanic Society and later in its on purpose-built space in 1907. In 2003, the Society moved into the former Fidelity and Deposit Company building at the corner of Fulton and William Street. In 2008, the ANS moved to its current location is at 75 Varick Street by Canal Street in downtown Manhattan.
Collection
The collection of coins, medals, and paper currency consists of over 800,000 objects drawn from all periods and cultures. In many fields, the ANS collections are the most comprehensive anywhere in the world. The collection includes early numismatic items from Ancient Greece and the Roman Republic, and also has a strong representation of coins of American, European, East Asian, South Asian, and Islamic origin. These coinages range from 700 BCE to the present. In addition, the collection contains paper and other non-coinage money, as well as medals and decorations dating back to as early as approximately 4000 BC. The curatorial department of the ANS preserves, studies, and documents the extensive collection. This work includes keeping the collection's database MANTIS up-to-date, which also involves adding images. This online database is a major asset to the study of numismatics because it is one of the largest of its kind and is accessible to everyone.
Online Resources
The ANS makes a significant amount of numismatic research and resources accessible online, from its own holdings and in collaboration with other institutions. In collaboration with the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, the ANS created OCRE, the "Online Coins of the Roman Empire." This project aspires to record every published type of Roman Imperial Coinage and link them with examples in major collections published online.
The ANS also participates in Nomisma.org, which "is a collaborative project to provide stable digital representations of numismatic concepts according to the principles of Linked Open Data.". Similarly, the Hellenistic Royal Coinages project, HRC, is aiming to do something similar with all coinages from the empire of Alexander the Great and his various successor kingdoms, including the Seleucids in the Near East and the Ptolemies in Egypt.
Exhibitions
At its headquarters in Manhattan, the ANS has a small exhibition space, which is open to the public. The ANS also loans objects from its collections to other major institutions and exhibitions. While the largest number of objects from the ANS can be found at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, there are exhibitions with ANS objects all over the world.
Library
The library of the ANS houses over 100,000 items and is one of the most comprehensive collections of numismatic literature, including books, periodicals, auction catalogs, manuscripts, photographs, and pamphlets. A special part of the library is the Rare Books Room with its unique collection of antique numismatic literature.
Publications
The ANS is also an active disseminator of research. As the largest non-profit numismatic publishing house in the world, ANS issues books, periodicals, monographs, catalogs, conference papers, and conference proceedings in a variety of series and special issues. Currently the ANS publishes three periodicals: the annual American Journal of Numismatics (1866–1924 and 1989–present), the triannual Colonial Newsletter (1960–present), and the quarterly ANS Magazine (2001–present). Electronic publications are the monthly "ANS eNews" and the "Pocket Change" blog. The ANS also publishes books on coins and medals. Past publications have included the Numismatic Literature journal (1947-2007).
Awards
The ANS gives multiple awards to people contributing to numismatics and the Society.
The Huntington Medal Award is conferred annually in honor of Archer M. Huntington, who was an important contributor to the ANS at the beginning of the 20th century. This award recognizes outstanding career contributions to numismatic scholarship. The first such award was conferred to Edward T. Newell in 1918.
The Saltus Medal Award is named after J. Sanford Saltus, who initiated this award in 1913. This award is given to sculptors “for distinguished achievement in the field of the art of the medal.” While this medal was at first only given to Americans, since 1983, foreign artists are also eligible to receive this award. The 2011 award recipient was Portuguese artist João Duarte, and previous winners are on the List of Saltus Award winners.
Graduate Seminar
In 1952, the American Numismatic
Society established the Eric P. Newman Graduate Seminar in Numismatics. This training program in numismatics takes place each summer, and many of its alumni are now in academic positions.
History
The ANS was formed by a group of collectors in New York City in 1858, at a time when many learned societies were created. Although the initial meeting of the collectors occurred in March 1858, the Society looks back to April 6, 1858, as its date of creation; that was the day on which the fledgling Society's first constitution and bylaws were approved by the membership. That same month, the Society accessioned its first coin. In 1865, it was incorporated as the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society or ANAS. In 1907, the name was changed back to the original one.
“The founders were Edward Groh, James Oliver, Dr. Isaac H. Gibbs, Henry Whitmore, James D. Foskett, Alfred Boughton, Ezra Hill, Augustus B. Sage, Asher D. Atkinson, M.D., John Cooper Vail, W. H. Morgan, Thomas Dunn English, M.D., LL.D., and Theophilus W. Lawrence. The corporators were Frank H. Norton, Isaac J. Greenwood, John Hannah, James Oliver, F. Augustus Wood, Frank Leathe, Edward Groh, Daniel Parish, Jr., and William Wood Seymour.” Benson Lossing in the History of New York City Volume II wrote in 1884 that “the prime objects of the society are the cultivation of the science of numismatology, the promotion of the study of American archaeology, and the collection of coins and medals and specimens of archaic remains.” Later, ANS changed its mission to focus primarily on all aspects of coins and medals.
Under the leadership of several dynamic, resourceful, and generous presidents, the ANS grew to become a major international center for numismatic research. One of these presidents, Archer M. Huntington, a scion of the family who built the Southern Pacific Railroad and a serious collector, gave the Society land at 155th Street and Broadway and contributed toward the construction of the neoclassical building which opened in 1908. In 1929, Huntington underwrote the expansion of the building, which doubled its size. As President of the ANS from 1916 to 1941, Edward T. Newell, a scholar of Greek coins, guided the Society toward making its mark worldwide. He also left his enormous personal coin collection to Society.
It was in the latter half of the 20th century that the Society evolved into the foremost numismatic research institution in the United States. Its cabinet of nearly one million objects ranks with the largest in the world and is an extraordinary resource for students of the humanities. Its unique library of over 100,000 items is the most comprehensive collection of numismatic literature in existence.
The Society's Eric P. Newman Graduate Seminar in Numismatics, established in 1952, continues today as a training program in the discipline and numbers among its alumni many scholars now in academic positions including several of the Society's current curatorial staff. The Society administers a variety of fellowships and grants designed to promote research in numismatics and encourage the use of the collections.
Notable members
Agnes Baldwin Brett
Ernest Babelon
Harry W. Bass Jr.
Abram Belskie
Granville Carter
Eugene Daub
Thomas Dunn English
Roger Curtis Green
Philip Grierson
Kenneth W. Harl
David Hendin
Robert Hewitt Jr.
Urban T. Holmes Jr.
Archer M. Huntington
Edward Theodore Newell
Eric P. Newman
Stephen Hyatt Pell
Russell Rulau
William Herbert Sheldon
Ute Wartenberg
See also
List of Saltus Award winners
References
External links
American Numismatic Society
American Numismatic Society's curatorial database of coins
American Numismatic Society Magazine
American Numismatic Society Publications
Member organizations of the American Council of Learned Societies
Numismatic museums in the United States
Museums in Manhattan
Nonprofit hobbyist organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1958
1958 establishments in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Numismatic%20Society |
Guillaume Briçonnet ( – 24 January 1534) was the Bishop of Meaux from 1516 until his death in 1534.
Biography
Briçonnet was born into a wealthy aristocratic family about the year 1472. His father was Guillaume Briçonnet (1445–1514) who had already enjoyed a successful career in the Catholic Church. The influence that the elder Guillaume Briçonnet exercised certainly did not hinder his son and namesake from advancing up through the Church hierarchy. The younger Briçonnet was made Bishop of Lodève in 1489 and was later installed as the abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in 1507. Briçonnet also had political connections to the royal court. In 1516 he was commissioned by King Francis I of France to negotiate with Pope Leo X on the terms of the Concordat of Bologna. In the same year Briçonnet was chosen as the new Bishop of Meaux where he would begin the most significant part of his career.
As Bishop, Briçonnet began to implement a program of reform in his diocese. He worked to improve the training of his clergy as well as improving monastic discipline. In Meaux, he removed all church statues except for Christ, replaced the Hail Mary with the Pater Noster prayer, and made available vernacular French versions of the Gospels and Epistles.
In the course of these efforts however he made some enemies, particularly among the Franciscan friars within his diocese. Additionally, Briçonnet invited a number of evangelical humanists to work in the bishopric to help implement his reform program. This group of humanists became known as the Circle of Meaux and included Josse van Clichtove, Guillaume Farel, Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, Martial Mazurier, Gérard Roussel, and François Vatable. The members of the Meaux circle were of different talents but they generally emphasized the study of the Bible and a return to the theology of the early Church.
Although Briçonnet supported a renewal of his diocese along humanist lines with the support of evangelical reformers, the bishop never supported and later condemned the growing Reformation movement centered on Martin Luther. Certain members of the group disagreed with the bishop in their attitude towards Lutheranism however. The support of Lutheranism by some of his subordinates cast suspicion on Briçonnet's entire project. Some of the Franciscan friars in his diocese, already unhappy with the Bishop's austere method, took the opportunity offered by this suspicion and accused him of Lutheranism. Briçonnet had to appear before the Parlement of Paris to face charges of heresy. Briçonnet was found innocent by the Parlement, possible because of his connections at the royal court in Paris. Permanent damage had been done to Briçonnet's reform efforts however, and he found it impossible to continue his attempt to regenerate the spiritual life of his diocese. The Circle of Meaux disbanded about 1525 and its members went various ways, some of them later playing important roles in the Reformation.
After the breakup of the Circle of Meaux Briçonnet served for another nine years as bishop before his death, dismayed at the growing reaction in the Catholic Church against all attempts at internal reform that smacked of possible heresy. In retrospect Briçonnet can be grouped with contemporary Bishops of the Catholic Church such as Christoph von Utenheim and Hugo von Hohenlandenberg who attempted, unsuccessfully, to reform the Church along evangelical lines without breaking up ecclesiastical unity.
Guillaume Briçonnet died at Esmans castle on 24 January 1534; he is buried in the church of this town.
References
1470s births
1534 deaths
French Benedictines
Breton bishops
Saint-Malo
Bishops of Lodève
Bishops of Meaux
16th-century French Roman Catholic bishops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume%20Bri%C3%A7onnet%20%28bishop%20of%20Meaux%29 |
"The Probe" was the final episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first broadcast on 16 January 1965, during the second season.
Opening narration
The persistence of Man's curiosity led him into new worlds. Without conquering his own, he invaded the sub-world of the microscope, and the outer-world of space. It is said turnabout is fair play… but is it?
The story
The final episode of The Outer Limits deals with four plane crash survivors who suddenly find themselves trapped in an alien space probe that was taking water samples. Inside they find a puzzle they need to solve before all four are killed.
Plot
En route to Tokyo, a plane flies into a storm and the pilot is forced to ditch the plane into the eye of a hurricane. The crew and passengers awake on a life boat and soon discover that they have been captured by an alien space probe.
The passengers captured are Jefferson Rome, Amanda Frank, Coberly (the pilot), and Dexter. They originally think that they're inside the eye of the hurricane and try to use the emergency radio. The four discover that they are not floating on the ocean, but are inside a foggy floor surface. The radio doesn't work. Once inside, the four are bathed in some sort of mist that emerges from a large circle atop a pedestal, which cleanses them and dries their clothing. Dexter is frozen within the light beam coming out of the same circle, but is rescued by the others before he is frozen completely. Dexter stays behind while the others begin to explore the inside of the probe.
Jefferson Rome and the others discover a room with an alien telemetry system. The probe is drawing up seawater. Jefferson Rome remembers the space probe Surveyor, used to study other nearby planets such as Venus, Mars and Jupiter. The three survivors themselves are being held captive in antiseptic chambers, where they are prey to some strange mutant microbes. Such a mutant microbe, larger than a person, attacks Dexter, and presumably consumes him, as the others are exploring the probe. Rome begins to surmise that the raft was being subjected to testing and they got in the way. Rome, Amanda Frank and Coberly discover the giant microbe, but it is zapped by the alien's freeze beam. It splits off a portion of itself to survive.
Jefferson Rome, looking at data in the Analog Room, begins to notice a pattern - that the probe moved from world to world, using some sort of space warping drive system. The microbe may have gotten inside. They see a screen transmitting symbols, and Rome begins attempts at communicating by altering the sequence of the alien symbols.
Meanwhile, the microbe tries to attack Coberly, but is held off by Jefferson Rome and Amanda Frank. The alien circle begins to transmit light beams in sequence. The probe then captures three of the humans in transparent tubes to sterilize them and protect them from the microbe. The probe then prepares its lift procedures. While Coberly goes to use the radio, Rome and Amanda attempt to communicate by figuring out the alien symbols. Outside the Analog Room, Coberly is enveloped in an alien mist and disappears. Jefferson Rome leaves the Analog Room to look for Coberly. He, too, disappears in the alien mist.
When communication fails, Amanda Frank simply starts to plead for mercy. She begins to beg for the aliens to understand their predicament. She panics and leaves the Analog Room to look for Rome and Coberly. The alien light beam begins to probe her and she is surrounded in the mist. Atop the alien probe surface deck, she is re-united with Jefferson Rome and Coberly. A rescue plane arrives and Coberly begins transmitting their coordinates. Aboard the rescue plane, Amanda Frank begins to think she did get through, though even Rome could not transmit their position. Outside, the alien probe lifts off and suddenly explodes. The aliens had understood them and broken down Earth's alphabet. Rome wonders would they be as wise if the probe was from their own world, to which Amanda responds by hoping we would be wise and kind enough.
Closing narration
A few days, a week, a month… Will the Earth be visited by a stranger from the universe? A warm, compassionate stranger, to tell us of wonders beyond imagination, of life beyond comprehension, of secrets from the treasure house of stars?
Cast
External links
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series season 2) episodes
1965 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Probe |
The 2004 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 26th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It was held in Lahore, Pakistan from December 4–12, 2004.
Squads
Head Coach: Bernhard Peters
Head Coach: Gerhard Rach
Head Coach: Terry Walsh
Head Coach: Kevin Towns
Head Coach: Roelant Oltmans
Head Coach: Maurits Hendriks
Umpires
Below is the eight umpires appointed by International Hockey Federation (FIH):
Rashad Butt (PAK)
Ged Curran (SCO)
Muhammad Faiz (PAK)
Hamish Jamson (ENG)
Tim Pullman (AUS)
Daniel Santi (ARG)
Virendra Singh (IND)
Rob ten Cate (NED)
Results
All times are Pakistan Standard Time (UTC+05:00)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Awards
Final standings
External links
Official FIH website
C
C
2004
Champions Trophy (field hockey) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Dmitri Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 3 in F major, Op. 73, was composed in 1946. It was premiered in Moscow by the Beethoven Quartet, to whom it is dedicated, in December 1946.
Structure
The quartet has five movements:
Playing time is approximately 33 minutes.
For the premiere, most likely so that he would not be accused of "formalism" or "elitism," Shostakovich renamed the movements in the manner of a war story:
A chamber symphony arrangement (Op. 73a) was made of this quartet by Rudolph Barshai. It calls for flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, bassoon, harp, and strings. It adds winds for tonal colour in the style of Shostakovich's symphonies.
The first movement is constructed using sonata allegro form. The first theme appears in the first violin and is often heard interacting with the cello. The second theme is stated in the first violin and then imitated and transformed by the other three instruments. The development is rather long and pulls its material mainly from the first theme. Finally the coda arrives with an acceleration and crescendo, borrowing, once again, the main theme as its material.
External links
03
1946 compositions
Compositions in F major | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20Quartet%20No.%203%20%28Shostakovich%29 |
French Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for French Studies. It was established in 1947 and covers all periods of French and francophone literature and culture. Articles are published in English or French. The journal is accompanied by a sister publication for shorter articles called The French Studies Bulletin.
The editor-in-chief is Timothy Unwin (University of Bristol). From 1987 to 1997, its editor-in-chief was Alan Raitt.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
References
External links
1947 establishments in the United Kingdom
French studies journals
Quarterly journals
French literature
Academic journals established in 1947
Multilingual journals
English-language journals
French-language journals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20Studies |
Skoger is a village located on the border between Buskerud and Vestfold counties, Norway. Of its population of 1,082 as of 2005, 654 were registered as residents of Drammen whereas 428 live in Sande in Vestfold county, Norway.
History
Historically the area had large forested areas, and much arable land. Reference to Skoger is made in the land register maintained by Bishop Eystein Erlendsson (Biskop Eysteins jordebok). The parish of Skouger was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 under of the law of formannskapsdistrikt. This provision of the Constitution of Norway, required that every parish (Norwegian: prestegjeld) form a local self-government district. Skoger with 1,837 inhabitants merged with Strømsgodset with 731 inhabitants, as well as an uninhabited part of Eiker on January 1, 1844. The enlarged Skoger municipality had a population of 2,568. Until 1889 the name was written Skouger.
A part of Skoger was moved to Drammen on 1 January 1870. The rest of Skoger was incorporated into Drammen on 1 January 1964. This entailed a border adjustment by which Skoger became a part of Buskerud county.
Skoger Parish
Skoger has two parish churches both of which are part of the Church of Norway and belongs to Drammen deanery in Tunsberg diocese. Access to both sites is via Norwegian National Road 33 ( FV33). Skoger Church (Skoger kirke) was inaugurated on 9 December 1885. It is built of brick stone and has 300 seats.
Skoger Old Church (Skoger gamle kirke) has an estimated date of origin of between 1200 and 1220 and is one of Drammen's oldest buildings.
Etymology
The Old Norse form of the name was Skógar. The name is the plural form of skóg meaning 'woodland, forest'.
Notable residents
References
Other sources
Haugen, Einar (1974) Norwegian-English Dictionary: A Pronouncing and Translating Dictionary of Modern Norwegian (University of Wisconsin Press)
Villages in Buskerud
Former municipalities of Norway
Drammen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoger |
Lubenham is a small rural village and civil parish west of the market town of Market Harborough, in the Harborough district, in the south of Leicestershire, England. The first National Hunt Chase Challenge Cup was held in Lubenham, in the grounds of what is now Thorpe Lubenham Hall. Lubenham Parish extends to Gartree in the north and Bramfield Park in the west. The village appears in four entries in the Domesday Book of 1086.
Toponymy
Attested in the Domesday Book as 'Lobenho', the name derives from 'Luba's or Lubba's spur(s) of land'. 'Lubba' being the name of the individual who once lived on the land and 'hōh' meaning 'hill-spur'. At some point, the suffix 'hōh' developed into the modern suffix 'ham' which is a phenomenon that has appeared in other English place-names.
History
It is recorded in the Domesday Book that Lubenham was divided between three Anglo-Saxons named Arnketil, Oslac and Osmund in 1066. By 1086, the ownership of Lubenham had been transferred to the Norman ruling class as a result of the Norman conquest of England. In 1086, Lubenham was divided into three fiefs; the first fief was held by a man named Robert who held 8 carucates of land as a tenant of the Archbishop of York. The second fief of 7 carucates was held by Robert de Buci from Countess Judith and a man named Osbern held the third fief of 2 carucates from Robert de Todeni.
In 1327, William Baud secured a grant to hold two weekly markets and a yearly fair at whitsuntide at his manor in Lubenham. William's markets were unpopular among local landowners and in 1330 and 1335, Ralph Loterington of Thorpe Lubenham and Ralph Mallesours were accused of causing damage to property and assaulting market officials. This conflict may have arisen from political differences relating to the Despenser War.
In 1247, the manor once belonging to Countess Judith was held by the Mallesours family until Anne Mallesours married Roger Prestwiche in the 14th century and the lordship of the manor was transferred to the Prestwiche family. The manor was held by the Prestwiche family for five generations until the ownership, through a series of marriages, was transferred to the Brooke family. Sir Basil Brooke was the Lord of the Manor of Lubenham in 1600 and owned 13 of the 30 farms in Lubenham at that time. He lived in what is now the Old Hall; a moated manor house to the east of the village. In 1608, Sir Basil Brooke sat before the Star Chamber in Westminster regarding the inclosure of land in Lubenham and claimed that his income of £300 a year was insufficient. In 1624, the manor was sold by the Brooke family to Ranulph Crewe, Chief Justice of the King's Bench. King Charles I reportedly stayed at the Old Hall the night before his defeat at the Battle of Naseby in 1645.
Transport
On 6 June 1966, Lubenham railway station on the Rugby and Stamford Railway line closed in the Beeching Axe. Lubenham lies on the A4304 road which connects the M1 to Market Harborough, a route for heavy goods vehicles. A young schoolboy from the village was killed on the road in 2006, and the Adam Smile Project exists to create an off-road cycle route to Market Harborough using the track of the former railway and improve road safety.
Buildings
All Saints' Church, the medieval church at the centre of the village which holds regular services, has medieval wall paintings and box pews. Other features are the Easter sepulchre, the sedilia in the north chapel and the Renaissance reredos. The peal of 6 bells (augmented in 2000) is regularly rung by a band of volunteer ringers. Practice nights are Wednesdays from 7.30pm and visiting ringers of all standards are very welcome.
Papillon Hall was a country house outside Lubenham that was built in about 1620 and demolished in 1950. In about 1903 it was remodelled by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens.
There is a public house, the Coach and Horses. The Tower House was built in 1771.
Gore Lodge or "The House that Jack built" is a Grade II former farmhouse, converted to a hunting box with stables and cottage, in 1875 by Robert William Edis.
Events
Lubenham was judged to be Midlands Calor Village of the Year in 2001 because of its community activities, among them its scarecrow weekend.
The regular Open Gardens event in aid of All Saints' Church held in June each year provides an opportunity for visitors to visit around 20 private gardens. The Village Hall hosts clubs and events.
Lubenham has a beacon which was made for HM the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. The beacon designed and made by an apprentice has been lit on special royal occasions such as the jubilee and the Queen's 90th birthday.
The area boasts some lovely walks with abundant wildlife. Otters and kingfishers were seen on the River Welland in 2015.
In 2008/2009, the Lubenham Heritage Group published a Heritage Trail with an interpretation panel on the village green, a pamphlet and placed plaques on buildings of interest.
A cycling club known as the 'Lubenham Raiders' operates on Monday evenings, during the summer and has done so for many years, while other activities including short mat bowls, quizzes, heritage group and monthly coffee mornings take place in the Village Hall.
References
External links
Images of Lubenham
Lubenham Village website old
Parish Council
History of the Parish
OS Map of Lubenham from Multimap
Lubenham Parish Walks
Friends of Adam
Villages in Leicestershire
Civil parishes in Harborough District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubenham |
The Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film is one of the annual film awards given by the Boston Society of Film Critics.
Winners
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
References
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards
Awards for best film
Lists of films by award | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20Society%20of%20Film%20Critics%20Award%20for%20Best%20Film |
Leirsund is a village in the municipality of Skedsmo, Norway. Its population (2005) is 1,177, of which 83 people live within the border of the neighboring municipality Sørum.
Villages in Akershus
Skedsmo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leirsund |
Dmitri Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 4 in D major, Op. 83, was composed in 1949. It was premiered in Moscow in 1953 and is dedicated to the memory of Pyotr Vilyams (1902–1947), the artist and set designer.
It has four movements:
Playing time is approximately 25 minutes.
This string quartet is notable for the second movement's sustained, passionate first violin part, which rises to ecstatic heights, and also for the suspenseful and complex last movement.
The quartet is based on Jewish themes.
External links
Shostakovich: the string quartets
04
1949 compositions
Compositions in D major | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20Quartet%20No.%204%20%28Shostakovich%29 |
Knapstad is a village in the municipality of Hobøl, Norway. Its population (2005) is 1,133, of which 78 people live within the border of the neighboring municipality Spydeberg.
Villages in Østfold
Hobøl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapstad |
The T-arm or T-loop is a specialized region on the tRNA molecule which acts as a special recognition site for the ribosome to form a tRNA-ribosome complex during protein biosynthesis or translation (biology).
The T-arm has two components to it; the T-stems and the T-loop.
There are two T-stems of five base pairs each. T-stem 1 is from 49-53 and T-stem 2 is from 61-65.
The T-loop is also often known as the TΨC arm due to the presence of ribothymidine (T/m5U), pseudouridine and cytidine residues. It folds into a unique structual element consisting of 5 stacked bases in a U-turn, now termed the "T-loop motif".
In archaea, the m5U is replaced with N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ). The m5U/m1Ψ modification at position 54 is thought to increase structual stability.
Organisms with T-loop lacking tRNA exhibit a much lower level of aminoacylation and EF-Tu-binding than in organisms which have the native tRNA.
The T-loop motif has been identified as a ubiquitous structual element in a number of noncoding RNAs. At least one other instance of the T-loop, found in rRNA, also carries the m5U modifictaion.
References
RNA
Protein biosynthesis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%20arm |
Saltnes is a village mostly situated in the municipality of Råde, Norway. Its population in 2015 was 2,173, of which 89 people live within the border of the neighboring municipality, Fredrikstad.
The etymology of the name derives from harvesting of salt in the area several hundred years ago.
See also
Adrian Tell, BMX cyclist
References
Villages in Østfold | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltnes%2C%20%C3%98stfold%2C%20Norway |
The Georgia Ports Authority, which was founded in 1945 and chaired by US. Colonel, Inventor and Engineer Dr. Blake Van Leer, operates port facilities in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Georgia's primary deepwater ports are located in Savannah and Brunswick, supplemented by two inland container trans-load facilities, with a third to open in 2021.
Facilities
Port of Savannah
The Port of Savannah comprises two major facilities:
Garden City Terminal: Owned and operated by the GPA, the Garden City Terminal is a secured, dedicated container terminal, the largest single-operator container terminal in North America. The facility features 9,693 feet (2,955 m) of continuous berthing and more than 1.1 million square feet (104,000 m2) of covered storage. The terminal is equipped with thirty-six high-speed container cranes (30 super post-Panamax and 6 post-Panamax), as well as an extensive inventory of yard handling equipment.
Ocean Terminal: Also owned and operated by the GPA, the Ocean Terminal is a secured, dedicated breakbulk facility specializing in the rapid and efficient handling of a vast array of forest and solid wood products, steel, RoRo (Roll-on / Roll-off), project shipments and heavy-lift cargoes. The facility features 3,599 feet (1,099 m) of deepwater berthing, approximately 1.425 million square feet (133,000 m2) of covered storage and 99 acres (401,000 m2) of open, versatile storage.
Port of Brunswick
The Port of Brunswick includes three GPA-owned deepwater terminals, two of which are directly operated by the GPA.
Colonel's Island Terminal: Owned and operated by the GPA, the facility has three berths and three on-terminal auto processors. The -plus facility features 3,355 feet (1,023 m) of continuous berthing and than of paved open storage. The facility also handles break-bulk and project cargo.
Mayor's Point Terminal specializes in break-bulk and project cargo, in particular the handling forest products. The facility features 1,200 feet (366 m) of deepwater berthing, approximately 355,000 square feet (33,000 m2) of covered storage and 7.9 acres (32,100 m2) of open, versatile storage.
East River Terminal and Lanier Dock, operated by Logistec U.S.A., specializes in the handling of break-bulk and bulk commodities. The facility features 1,600 feet (488 m) of deepwater berthing, approximately 688,000 square feet (64,000 m2) of covered storage and 15 acres (61,000 m2) of open, versatile storage.
Georgia Ports Authority opened the Appalachian Regional Port, a container truck-to-rail transload facility in Murray County, Georgia, in August 2018. The inland port serves additional markets in Alabama and Tennessee and is connected to the Port of Savannah by a 388-mile CSX-operated railroad route.
Owned and operated by the Georgia Ports Authority, Bainbridge is located on the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Waterway. The facility is equipped to handle a variety of bulk cargo via barge traffic, including nitrogen solution, gypsum, ammonium sulfate, urea, cottonseed and cypress bark mulch.
The 104-acre Northeast Georgia Inland Port will open in 2021, providing a direct link to the Port of Savannah via Norfolk Southern. The rail terminal will open with 9,000 feet of working track.
Economic impact
According to a report from the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business, Georgia's ports supported 439,220 full- and part-time jobs throughout Georgia as of 2017, or about 9 percent of total state employment, with personal income of about $25 billion. According to the report, port activity accounted for about $106 billion in statewide sales. Tax revenue stemming from port trade totaled $5.9 billion in federal taxes, $1.4 billion in state taxes, and $1.5 billion in local taxes.
Savannah Harbor Expansion Project
The Savannah Harbor Expansion Project is an in-progress dredging program to deepen the harbor from 42 feet to 47 feet. The depth will allow large ships that are coming through the Panama Canal to call on the Port of Savannah. While some of these Neo-Panamax ships already call Savannah, they are not loaded to capacity. As of February 2018, the project, which began in 2015, was about halfway completed. The remaining work is expected to be finished by 2021, and will allow loaded ships to transport about 3,600 additional cargo containers through the harbor on each passage.
The project is estimated to cost a total of about $973 million, of which 75% is provided by the federal government, with the remainder from the state of Georgia.
In September 2018, the Savannah Morning News reported that officials thought the Talmadge Bridge may need to be replaced if the port was to service Neo-Panamax vessels.
References
External links
Ports Authority
Port authorities in the United States
1945 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20Ports%20Authority |
Micromagnetics is a field of physics dealing with the prediction of magnetic behaviors at sub-micrometer length scales. The length scales considered are large enough for the atomic structure of the material to be ignored (the continuum approximation), yet small enough to resolve magnetic structures such as domain walls or vortices.
Micromagnetics can deal with static equilibria, by minimizing the magnetic energy, and with dynamic behavior, by solving the time-dependent dynamical equation.
History
Micromagnetics as a field (i.e., that deals specifically with the behaviour of ferromagnetic materials at sub-micrometer length scales) was introduced in 1963 when William Fuller Brown Jr. published a paper on antiparallel domain wall structures. Until comparatively recently computational micromagnetics has been prohibitively expensive in terms of computational power, but smaller problems are now solvable on a modern desktop PC.
Static micromagnetics
The purpose of static micromagnetics is to solve for the spatial distribution of the magnetization M at equilibrium. In most cases, as the temperature is much lower than the Curie temperature of the material considered, the modulus |M| of the magnetization is assumed to be everywhere equal to the saturation magnetization Ms. The problem then consists in finding the spatial orientation of the magnetization, which is given by the magnetization direction vector m = M/Ms, also called reduced magnetization.
The static equilibria are found by minimizing the magnetic energy,
,
subject to the constraint |M|=Ms or |m|=1.
The contributions to this energy are the following:
Exchange energy
The exchange energy is a phenomenological continuum description of the quantum-mechanical exchange interaction. It is written as:
where A is the exchange constant; mx, my and mz are the components of m;
and the integral is performed over the volume of the sample.
The exchange energy tends to favor configurations where the magnetization varies only slowly across the sample. This energy is minimized when the magnetization is perfectly uniform.
Anisotropy energy
Magnetic anisotropy arises due to a combination of crystal structure and spin-orbit interaction. It can be generally written as:
where Fanis, the anisotropy energy density, is a function of the orientation of the magnetization. Minimum-energy directions for Fanis are called easy axes.
Time-reversal symmetry ensures that Fanis is an even function of m. The simplest such function is
.
where K is called the anisotropy constant. In this approximation, called uniaxial anisotropy, the easy axis is the z direction.
The anisotropy energy favors magnetic configurations where the magnetization is everywhere aligned along an easy axis.
Zeeman energy
The Zeeman energy is the interaction energy between the magnetization and any externally applied field. It's written as:
where Ha is the applied field and µ0 is the vacuum permeability.
The Zeeman energy favors alignment of the magnetization parallel to the applied field.
Energy of the demagnetizing field
The demagnetizing field is the magnetic field created by the magnetic sample upon itself. The associated energy is:
where Hd is the demagnetizing field. This field depends on the magnetic configuration itself, and it can be found by solving:
where −∇·M is sometimes called magnetic charge density. The solution of these equations (c.f. magnetostatics) is:
where r is the vector going from the current integration point to the point where Hd is being calculated.
It is worth noting that the magnetic charge density can be infinite at the edges of the sample, due to M changing discontinuously from a finite value inside to zero outside of the sample. This is usually dealt with by using suitable boundary conditions on the edge of the sample.
The energy of the demagnetizing field favors magnetic configurations that minimize magnetic charges. In particular, on the edges of the sample, the magnetization tends to run parallel to the surface. In most cases it is not possible to minimize this energy term at the same time as the others. The static equilibrium then is a compromise that minimizes the total magnetic energy, although it may not minimize individually any particular term.
Magnetoelastic Energy
The magnetoelastic energy describes the energy storage due to elastic lattice distortions. It may be neglected if magnetoelastic coupled effects are neglected.
There exists a preferred local distortion of the crystalline solid associated with the magnetization director m, .
For a simple model, one can assume this strain to be isochoric and fully
isotropic in the lateral direction, yielding the deviatoric ansatz
where the material parameter E > 0 is the magnetostrictive
constant. Clearly, E is the strain induced by the magnetization in
the direction m. With this ansatz at hand, we consider the elastic
energy density to be a function of the elastic, stress-producing
strains . A quadratic form for the magnetoelastic energy is
where
is the fourth-order elasticity tensor. Here the elastic response is assumed to be isotropic (based on
the two Lamé constants λ and μ).
Taking into account the constant length of m, we obtain the invariant-based representation
This energy term contributes to magnetostriction.
Dynamic micromagnetics
The purpose of dynamic micromagnetics is to predict the time evolution of the magnetic configuration of a sample subject to some non-steady conditions such as the application of a field pulse or an AC field. This is done by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, which is a partial differential equation describing the evolution of the magnetization in terms of the local effective field acting on it.
Effective field
The effective field is the local field felt by the magnetization. It can be described informally as the derivative of the magnetic energy density with respect to the orientation of the magnetization, as in:
where dE/dV is the energy density. In variational terms, a change dm of the magnetization and the associated change dE of the magnetic energy are related by:
Since m is a unit vector, dm is always perpendicular to m. Then the above definition leaves unspecified the component of Heff that is parallel to m. This is usually not a problem, as this component has no effect on the magnetization dynamics.
From the expression of the different contributions to the magnetic energy, the effective field can be found to be:
Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation
This is the equation of motion of the magnetization. It describes a Larmor precession of the magnetization around the effective field, with an additional damping term arising from the coupling of the magnetic system to the environment. The equation can be written in the so-called Gilbert form (or implicit form) as:
where γ is the electron gyromagnetic ratio and α the Gilbert damping constant.
It can be shown that this is mathematically equivalent to the following Landau-Lifshitz (or explicit) form:
Where is the Gilbert Damping constant, characterizing how quickly the damping term takes away energy from the system ( = 0, no damping, permanent precession).
Applications
The interaction of micromagnetics with mechanics is also of interest in the context of industrial applications that deal with magneto-acoustic resonance such as in hypersound speakers, high frequency magnetostrictive transducers etc.
FEM simulations taking into account the effect of magnetostriction into micromagnetics are of importance. Such simulations use models described above within a finite element framework.
Apart from conventional magnetic domains and domain-walls, the theory also treats the statics and dynamics of topological line and point configurations, e.g. magnetic vortex and antivortex states; or even 3d-Bloch points, where, for example, the magnetization leads radially into all directions from the origin, or into topologically equivalent configurations. Thus in space, and also in time, nano- (and even pico-)scales are used.
The corresponding topological quantum numbers are thought to be used as information carriers, to apply the most recent, and already studied, propositions in information technology.
Another application that has emerged in the last decade is the application of micromagnetics towards neuronal stimulation. In this discipline, numerical methods such as finite-element analysis are used to analyze the electric/magnetic fields generated by the stimulation apparatus; then the results are validated or explored further using in-vivo or in-vitro neuronal stimulation. Several distinct set of neurons have been studied using this methodology including retinal neurons, cochlear neurons, vestibular neurons, and cortical neurons of embryonic rats.
See also
Magnetism
Magnetic nanoparticles
Footnotes and references
Further reading
External links
µMAG -- Micromagnetic Modeling Activity Group.
OOMMF -- Micromagnetic Modeling Tool.
MuMax -- GPU-accelerated Micromagnetic Modeling Tool.
Dynamical systems
Magnetic ordering
Magnetostatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromagnetics |
Peerage of England
|rowspan="2"|Duke of Cornwall (1337)||Edward, the Black Prince||1337||1376||Died
|-
|None||1376||1399||
|-
|Duke of Lancaster (1362)||John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster||1362||1399||Surrendered the Earldom of Richmond to the King in 1372
|-
|Duke of Cornwall (1376)||Richard of Bordeaux||1376||1377||Ascended the Throne, when all his honours merged in the Crown
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Surrey (1088)||Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Surrey||1347||1376||10th Earl of Arundel; died
|-
|Richard FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Surrey||1376||1397||11th Earl of Arundel
|-
|Earl of Warwick (1088)||Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick||1369||1401||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Oxford (1142)||Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford||1360||1371||Died
|-
|Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford||1371||1388||
|-
|Earl of Hereford (1199)||Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford||1361||1373||Died, titles extinct
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Norfolk (1312)||none||1338||1375||
|-
|Margaret, 2nd Countess of Norfolk||1375||1399||On the death of her niece, she became the sole heir to her father's Earldom
|-
|Earl of Kent (1321)||Joan of Kent||1352||1385||
|-
|Earl of March (1328)||Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March||1360||1381||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Devon (1335)||Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon||1340||1377||Died
|-
|Edward de Courtenay, 3rd Earl of Devon||1377||1419||
|-
|Earl of Salisbury (1337)||William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury||1344||1397||
|-
|Earl of Suffolk (1337)||William de Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk||1369||1382||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Pembroke (1339)||John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1348||1375||Died
|-
|John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke||1375||1389||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Stafford (1351)||Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford||1351||1372||Died
|-
|Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford||1372||1386||
|-
|Earl of Kent (1360)||Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent||1360||1397||
|-
|Earl of Cambridge (1362)||Edmund of Langley, 1st Earl of Cambridge||1362||1402||
|-
|Earl of Bedford (1366)||Enguerrand de Coucy, 1st Earl of Bedford||1366||1377||Resigned all English honours
|-
|Earl of Richmond (1372)||John V, Duke of Brittany||1372||1399||New creation
|-
|Earl of Buckingham (1377)||Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Buckingham||1377||1397||New creation
|-
|Earl of Nottingham (1377)||John de Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham||1377||1382||New creation
|-
|Earl of Northumberland (1377)||Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland||1377||1406||New creation
|-
|Earl of Huntingdon (1377)||Guichard d'Angle||1377||1380||Died, title extinct
|-
|Baron de Ros (1264)||Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros||1353||1383||
|-
|Baron le Despencer (1264)||none||1326||1398||Attainted
|-
|Baron Basset of Drayton (1264)||Ralph Basset, 4th Baron Basset of Drayton||1344||1390||
|-
|Baron Basset of Sapcote (1264)||Ralph Basset, 5th Baron Basset of Sapcote||1360||1378||Died, title fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Mowbray (1283)||John de Mowbray, 5th Baron Mowbray||1368||1379||Created Earl of Nottingham, see above;
|-
|Baron Berkeley (1295)||Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley||1368||1418||
|-
|Baron Fauconberg (1295)||Thomas de Fauconberg, 5th Baron Fauconberg||1362||1407||
|-
|Baron FitzWalter (1295)||Walter FitzWalter, 4th Baron FitzWalter||1361||1386||
|-
|rowspan="3"|Baron FitzWarine (1295)||Fulke FitzWarine, 3rd Baron FitzWarine||1349||1373||Died
|-
|Fulke FitzWarine, 4th Baron FitzWarine||1373||1377||Died
|-
|Fulke FitzWarine, 5th Baron FitzWarine||1377||1391||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Grey de Wilton (1295)||Reginald Grey, 4th Baron Grey de Wilton||1323||1370||Died
|-
|Henry Grey, 5th Baron Grey de Wilton||1370||1396||
|-
|Baron Mauley (1295)||Peter de Mauley, 3rd Baron Mauley||1355||1389||
|-
|Baron Neville de Raby (1295)||John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby||1367||1388||
|-
|Baron Segrave (1295)||Elizabeth de Segrave, suo jure Baroness Segrave||1353||1375||Died; title succeeded by Baron Mowbray, and held by his heirs since then
|-
|Baron Umfraville (1295)||Gilbert de Umfraville, 3rd Baron Umfraville||1325||1381||
|-
|Baron Bardolf (1299)||William Bardolf, 4th Baron Bardolf||1363||1385||
|-
|Baron Clinton (1299)||John de Clinton, 3rd Baron Clinton||1335||1398||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron De La Warr (1299)||Roger la Warr, 3rd Baron De La Warr||1347||1370||Died
|-
|John la Warr, 4th Baron De La Warr||1370||1398||
|-
|Baron Ferrers of Chartley (1299)||Robert de Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley||1367||1416||
|-
|Baron Grandison (1299)||Thomas de Grandison, 4th Baron Grandison||1369||1375||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Lovel (1299)||John Lovel, 5th Baron Lovel||1361||1408||
|-
|Baron Mohun (1299)||John de Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun||1330||1376||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Percy (1299)||Henry Percy, 4th Baron Percy||1368||1408||Created Earl of Northumberland, see above
|-
|Baron Scales (1299)||Roger de Scales, 4th Baron Scales||1369||1386||
|-
|Baron Tregoz (1299)||Thomas de Tregoz, 3rd Baron Tregoz||1322||1405||
|-
|Baron Welles (1299)||John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles||1361||1421||
|-
|Baron de Clifford (1299)||Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford||1350||1389||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Ferrers of Groby (1299)||William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby||1343||1372||Died
|-
|Henry Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Groby||1372||1388||
|-
|Baron Furnivall (1299)||William de Furnivall, 4th Baron Furnivall||1364||1383||
|-
|Baron Latimer (1299)||William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer||1335||1381||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Morley (1299)||William de Morley, 3rd Baron Morley||1360||1379||Died
|-
|Thomas de Morley, 4th Baron Morley||1379||1416||
|-
|Baron Strange of Knockyn (1299)||Roger le Strange, 5th Baron Strange of Knockyn||1349||1381||
|-
|Baron Botetourt (1305)||John de Botetourt, 2nd Baron Botetourt||1324||1385||
|-
|Baron Boteler of Wemme (1308)||Elizabeth Le Boteler, de jure Baroness Boteler of Wemme||1361||1411||Her husband was summoned to Parliament, probably in her right
|-
|Baron Zouche of Haryngworth (1308)||William la Zouche, 2nd Baron Zouche||1352||1382||
|-
|Baron Beaumont (1309)||John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont||1369||1396||
|-
|Baron Everingham (1309)||Adam Everingham, 2nd Baron Everingham||1341||1379||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Monthermer (1309)||Margaret de Monthermer, suo jure Baroness Monthermer||1340||1390||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Strange of Blackmere (1309)||John le Strange, 5th Baron Strange of Blackmere||1361||1375||
|-
|Elizabeth le Strange, suo jure Baroness Strange of Blackmere||1375||1383||
|-
|Baron Lisle (1311)||Robert de Lisle, 3rd Baron Lisle||1356||1399||
|-
|Baron Audley of Heleigh (1313)||James de Audley, 2nd Baron Audley of Heleigh||1316||1386||
|-
|Baron Cobham of Kent (1313)||John de Cobham, 3rd Baron Cobham of Kent||1355||1408||
|-
|Baron Northwode (1313)||John de Northwode, 3rd Baron Northwode||1361||1378||Died, none of his heirs were summoned to Parliament in respect of this Barony
|-
|Baron Saint Amand (1313)||Almaric de St Amand, 2nd Baron Saint Amand||1330||1382||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Cherleton (1313)||John Cherleton, 3rd Baron Cherleton||1360||1374||
|-
|John Cherleton, 4th Baron Cherleton||1374||1401||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Say (1313)||William de Say, 3rd Baron Say||1359||1375||Died
|-
|John de Say, 4th Baron Say||1375||1382||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Willoughby de Eresby (1313)||John de Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby de Eresby||1349||1372||Died
|-
|Robert Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby||1372||1396||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Holand (1314)||Robert de Holland, 2nd Baron Holand||1328||1373||Died
|-
|Maud de Holland, suo jure Baroness Holand||1373||1420||
|-
|Baron Audley (1317)||Hugh de Stafford, 3rd Baron Audley||c. 1351||1386||Succeeded as Earl of Stafford in 1372, see above
|-
|Baron Strabolgi (1318)||David Strabolgi, 3rd Baron Strabolgi||1335||1375||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Dacre (1321)||Ralph Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre||1361||1375||Died
|-
|Hugh Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre||1375||1383||
|-
|Baron FitzHugh (1321)||Hugh FitzHugh, 2nd Baron FitzHugh||1356||1386||
|-
|Baron Greystock (1321)||Ralph de Greystock, 3rd Baron Greystock||1358||1417||
|-
|Baron Aton (1324)||William de Aton, 2nd Baron Aton||1342||1373||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Grey of Ruthin (1325)||Reginald Grey, 2nd Baron Grey de Ruthyn||1353||1388||
|-
|Baron Harington (1326)||Robert Harington, 3rd Baron Harington||1363||1406||
|-
|Baron Burghersh (1330)||Elizabeth de Burghersh, 3rd Baroness Burghersh||1369||1409||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Maltravers (1330)||in abeyance||1364||1377||
|-
|Eleanor Maltravers, 2nd Baroness Maltravers||1377||1405||
|-
|Baron Darcy de Knayth (1332)||Philip Darcy, 4th Baron Darcy de Knayth||1362||1398||
|-
|Baron Talbot (1332)||Gilbert Talbot, 3rd Baron Talbot||1356||1387||
|-
|Baron Leyburn (1337)||John de Leyburn, 1st Baron Leyburn||1337||1384||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Poynings (1337)||Thomas de Poynings, 3rd Baron Poynings||1369||1375||Died
|-
|Richard Poynings, 4th Baron Poynings||1375||1387||
|-
|rowspan="3"|Baron Grey of Rotherfield (1330)||John de Grey, 2nd Baron Grey of Rotherfield||1360||1375||Died
|-
|Bartholomew de Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Rotherfield||1375||1376||Died
|-
|Robert de Grey, 4th Baron Grey of Rotherfield||1376||1388||
|-
|Baron Cobham of Sterborough (1342)||Reginald de Cobham, 2nd Baron Cobham of Sterborough||1361||1403||
|-
|Baron Bourchier (1342)||John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Bourchier||1349||1400||
|-
|Baron Colevill (1342)||Robert de Colvill, 2nd Baron Colvill||1368||1370||Died, title fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Montacute (1342)||Joan de Ufford, suo jure Baroness Montacute||1361||1375||Died, Barony extinct
|-
|Baron Strivelyn (1342)||John de Strivelyn, 1st Baron Strivelyn||1342||1378||Died, title extinct
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Manny (1347)||Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny||1347||1371||Died
|-
|Anne Manny, 2nd Baroness Manny||1371||1384||
|-
|Baron Bryan (1350)||Guy Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan||1350||1390||
|-
|Baron Burnell (1350)||Nicholas Burnell, 1st Baron Burnell||1350||1383||
|-
|Baron Scrope of Masham (1350)||Henry Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Masham||1350||1391||
|-
|Baron Musgrave (1350)||Thomas Musgrave, 1st Baron Musgrave||1350||1382||
|-
|Baron Huntingfield (1351)||William de Huntingfield, 1st Baron Huntingfield||1351||1376||Died, title extinct
|-
|Baron Saint Maur (1351)||Richard St Maur, 3rd Baron Saint Maur||1361||1401||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron le Despencer (1357)||Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer||1357||1375||Died
|-
|Thomas le Despenser, 2nd Baron le Despencer||1375||1400||
|-
|Baron Lisle (1357)||Warine de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle||1360||1382||
|-
|Baron Montacute (1357)||John de Montacute, 1st Baron Montacute||1357||1390||
|-
|Baron Beauchamp of Bletso (1363)||Roger Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp of Bletso||1363||1380||
|-
|Baron Botreaux (1368)||William de Botreaux, 1st Baron Botreaux||1368||1391||
|-
|Baron Aldeburgh (1371)||William de Aldeburgh, 1st Baron Aldeburgh||1371||1388||New creation
|-
|Baron Heron (1371)||William Heron, 1st Baron Heron||1371||?||New creation; died, title extinct
|-
|Baron Scrope of Bolton (1371)||Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton||1371||1403||New creation
|-
|Baron Cromwell (1375)||Ralph de Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell||1375||1398||New creation
|-
|Baron Clifton (1376)||John de Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton||1376||1388||New creation
|-
|Baron Arundel (1377)||John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel||1377||1379||New creation; died, none of his heirs were summoned to Parliament in respect of this Barony
|-
|}
Peerage of Scotland
|rowspan=2|Earl of Mar (1114)||Thomas, Earl of Mar||1332||1377||Died
|-
|Margaret, Countess of Mar||1377||1393||
|-
|Earl of Dunbar (1115)||George I, Earl of March||1368||1420||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Fife (1129)||Isabella, Countess of Fife||1353||1371||Died
|-
|Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife||1371||1420||
|-
|Earl of Menteith (1160)||Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith||1360||1390||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Lennox (1184)||Domhnall, Earl of Lennox||1333||1373||Died
|-
|Margaret, Countess of Lennox||1373||1385||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Ross (1215)||Uilleam III, Earl of Ross||1334||1372||Died
|-
|Euphemia I, Countess of Ross||1372||1394||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Sutherland (1235)||William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland||1333||1370||Died
|-
|Robert de Moravia, 6th Earl of Sutherland||1370||1427||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Angus (1330)||Thomas Stewart, 3rd Earl of Angus||1361||1377||Died
|-
|Margaret Stewart, Countess of Angus||1361||1389||
|-
|Earl of Wigtown (1341)||Thomas Fleming, Earl of Wigtown||1363||1372||Disposed of the Earldom
|-
|Earl of Atholl (1342)||Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl||1342||1371||Succeeded to the Throne, and his dignities merged in the Crown
|-
|Earl of Douglas (1358)||William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas||1358||1384||
|-
|Earl of Carrick (1368)||John Stewart, Earl of Carrick||1368||1390||
|-
|Earl of Strathearn (1371)||David Stewart, Earl of Strathearn||1371||1386||New creation; cr. Earl of Caithness in 1375
|-
|Earl of Moray (1372)||John Dunbar, Earl of Moray||1372||1391||New creation
|-
|Earl of Orkney (1379)||Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney||1379||1400||New creation
|-
|}
Peerage of Ireland
|Earl of Ulster (1264)||Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster||1363||1382||
|-
|Earl of Kildare (1316)||Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare||1329||1390||
|-
|Earl of Ormond (1328)||James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond||1338||1382||
|-
|Earl of Desmond (1329)||Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond||1358||1398||
|-
|rowspan=2|Baron Athenry (1172)||Thomas de Bermingham||1322||1374||Died
|-
|Walter de Bermingham||1374||1428||
|-
|Baron Kingsale (1223)||John de Courcy, 8th Baron Kingsale||1358||1387||
|-
|Baron Kerry (1223)||Maurice Fitzmaurice, 6th Baron Kerry||1348||1398||
|-
|Baron Barry (1261)||David Barry, 6th Baron Barry||1347||1392||
|-
|Baron Gormanston (1370)||Robert Preston, 1st Baron Gormanston||1370||1396||New creation
|-
|rowspan=2|Baron Slane (1370)||Simon Fleming, 1st Baron Slane||1370||1370||New creation; died
|-
|Thomas Fleming, 2nd Baron Slane||1370||1435||
|-
|}
References
Lists of peers by decade
1370s in England
1370s in Ireland
14th century in Scotland
14th-century English people
14th-century Irish people
14th-century Scottish earls
1370 in Europe
14th century in England
14th century in Ireland
Peers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20peers%201370%E2%80%931379 |
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