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The following is a list of National Register of Historic Places listings in Lenawee County, in the U.S. state of Michigan.
Broken off from the western portion of Monroe County in 1826, Lenawee County was the eighth county formally organized in the Michigan Territory (later the state of Michigan in 1837). With an estimated population at approximately 100,800, Lenawee County is ranked 21st in population of Michigan's 83 counties. Lenawee County currently has 43 listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
The first property listed was Walker Tavern on January 25, 1971. The most recent addition was the Blissfield Downtown Historic District on June 29, 2015. The 43 properties listed include nine historic districts, five churches, 17 houses, one cemetery, and one bridge, among other properties. One property, the Dr. Leonard Hall House in Hudson, has since been demolished but is still listed.
Current listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Lenawee County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Fulton (OH), Hillsdale, Jackson, Lucas (OH), Monroe, Washtenaw
References
Lenawee County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Lenawee%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, Michigan, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts, for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 19 individual listings on the National Register in the county: nine properties, five historic districts, and one bridge. These listings include a lighthouse, statue, four houses, trading post, former factory, battlefield (Battle of Frenchtown), and six historic districts — one of which is an undeveloped archeological district. Eleven of the listings are located within the county's largest city, Monroe. The oldest of all properties listed is the Navarre-Anderson Trading Post, which was first built in 1789.
Current listings
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Former listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Monroe County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Lenawee, Lucas (OH), Washtenaw, Wayne
References
Monroe
Buildings and structures in Monroe County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Monroe%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Midland County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Midland County
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Bay, Clare, Gratiot, Isabella, Saginaw
References
External links
Midland County
Midland County, Michigan
Buildings and structures in Midland County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Midland%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Menominee County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Menominee County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 10 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
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Former listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Menominee County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Delta, Dickinson, Marquette, Marinette (WI)
References
Menominee County
Menominee County, Michigan
Buildings and structures in Menominee County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Menominee%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Manistee County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Manistee County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 18 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Manistee County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Benzie, Grand Traverse, Lake, Mason, Wexford
References
External links
Michigan State Historic Preservation Office
National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places site
Manistee County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Manistee%20County%2C%20Michigan |
There are 40 properties or districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Marquette County in the US state of Michigan. The locations of National Register properties and districts in Marquette County for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.
Current listings
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Former listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Marquette County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
Notes
References
External links
Marquette
Buildings and structures in Marquette County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Marquette%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Macomb County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Macomb County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Lapeer, Oakland, St. Clair, Wayne
References
Macomb County
Macomb County, Michigan
Tourist attractions in Metro Detroit
Buildings and structures in Macomb County, Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Macomb County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Macomb%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Mackinac County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Mackinac County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 27 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Mackinac County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Luce, Schoolcraft
References
Mackinac County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Mackinac%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Muskegon County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Muskegon County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Kent, Newaygo, Oceana, Ottawa
References
Muskegon County
Muskegon County, Michigan
Buildings and structures in Muskegon County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Muskegon%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The Faroe Islands Cup (, literally the Prime Minister Cup) is the main football cup competition in the Faroe Islands. The first edition was played in 1955.
History
The HB–TB decade
The first decade of the competition was marked by the alternance of titles between HB and TB. Only in its eleventh year, the cup saw a different champion, with B36 defeating rivals HB in the final.
Subsequent years
In the subsequent editions, the other former finalists also got their first titles; KÍ in 1966, and VB in 1974.
1970 was the only time a final was not played, as the Faroe Islands Sports Association (ÍSF) choose to annul the competition after KÍ, and later VB, refused to play against HB in Tórshavn. HB continued to enjoy success, but TB won the competition just once after the first decade, in 1977.
In 1979 the Faroe Islands Football Association was founded and took over the organization of the competition, opening the cup to teams from every division.
In the 1980s new champions were crowned, with GÍ winning in 1983 and NSÍ in 1985; and the 1990s also had its first-time winners with B71's title in 1993.
The construction of the national stadium Tórsvøllur saw the majority of the finals being played there since 2000.
HB drought and the Víkingur−EB/Streymur rivalry
Frequent winners HB went through what was then their longest period without a cup title, not winning for five years, between 1999 and 2003. This ended in the club's centenary year, when they defeated NSÍ in the final. But the club entered in a longer drought, which ended in 2019, where they defeated Víkingur in the final.
From 2007 until 2015 the competition was dominated by EB/Streymur and Víkingur, similar to the HB–TB period. The two teams alternated titles and made three finals, all won by Víkingur.
KÍ put an end to this period defeating Víkingur on penalties in the 2016 final.
Finals
Winners
The clubs in italics no longer exist.
Notes
References
External links
Cup at FSF website
Cup at Soccerway
National association football cups
1
Recurring sporting events established in 1955
1955 establishments in the Faroe Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroe%20Islands%20Cup |
Peter Dews (26 September 1929, Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 25 August 1997) was an English stage director.
Born and educated in Wakefield, Yorkshire he then took an M.A. at University College, Oxford. After two years teaching history he joined the BBC, in Birmingham, working first in radio (it is thought that he was the director of the episode of The Archers which featured the death of Grace Archer in a fire, a spoiler for the opening of independent television) and then television, as a director. He won the BAFTA 'Best Director' Award in 1960 for An Age of Kings, a television adaptation of Shakespeare's history plays. He subsequently directed Shakespeare's Roman plays in the series The Spread of the Eagle.
After a period of freelance theatre work he joined the Birmingham Repertory Theatre as Artistic Director in the autumn of 1965, in its original building - the first purpose built repertory theatre in the UK - and remained in that post until the company moved to the new venue in 1971, leaving in 1972, his last production there being the double-bill of Sophocles Oedipus the King and Sheridan's The Critic with Derek Jacobi in both plays' leading roles. Previously his productions of Shakespeare's As You Like It and Peter Luke's Hadrian VII had transferred from the old Birmingham Rep to London's West End, the latter going on to New York gaining Dews a Tony Award for its direction. Other notable productions at the Rep included Hamlet, with Richard Chamberlain in 1969, Quick, Quick Slow (1969) a musical by Monty Norman and Julian More, based on a play by David Turner, who also scripted the musical, and The Sorrows of Frederick, an epic play about Frederick the Great by Romulus Linney, in 1970.
At the Chichester Festival Theatre he guest-directed, amongst other productions, Antony and Cleopatra with Sir John Clements and Margaret Leighton, and the original production of Robert Bolt's Vivat! Vivat Regina! which transferred to London's West End and Broadway. Dews succeeded Keith Michell as the fourth artistic director of the Chichester Festival Theatre in 1978 and directed three Festival seasons. One notable production during this period was Julius Caesar in Puritan costume suggesting the plotting of the Gunpowder Plot. He also directed he original production of Royce Ryton's Crown Matrimonial, about the 1936 Abdication crisis, in the West End, with Wendy Hiller as Queen Mary. He also directed productions in the USA, Canada, South Africa, Israel, Malta, Éire and Hong Kong, in the UK he also directed at Nottingham Playhouse (A Midsummer Night's Dream), Edinburgh Lyceum Theatre (Bertolt Brecht's Galileo, which he directed again at Birmingham) and Greenwich Theatre (Inferno by Ian Curteis).
External links
1933 births
1997 deaths
Alumni of University College, Oxford
English theatre directors
Tony Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Dews%20%28director%29 |
Tayozhny/Tayezhny (; masculine), Tayozhnaya/Tayezhnaya (; feminine), or Tayozhnoye/Tayezhnoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Urban localities
Tayozhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, an urban-type settlement in Sovetsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Rural localities
Tayozhny, Amur Oblast, a settlement in Dzhalindinsky Rural Settlement of Skovorodinsky District in Amur Oblast;
Tayozhny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a settlement in Shilegsky Selsoviet of Pinezhsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast;
Tayozhny, Republic of Buryatia, a settlement in Iroysky Somon of Selenginsky District in the Republic of Buryatia;
Tayozhny, Nizhneudinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, an area in Nizhneudinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast
Tayozhny, Shelekhovsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, a settlement in Shelekhovsky District of Irkutsk Oblast
Tayozhny, Zalarinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, an area in Zalarinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast
Tayozhny, Kamchatka Krai, a settlement in Milkovsky District of Kamchatka Krai
Tayozhny, Kemerovo Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Tayga Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Kemerovo Oblast
Tayozhny, Boguchansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a settlement in Tayozhninsky Selsoviet of Boguchansky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Tayozhny, Kezhemsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a settlement in Tayozhinsky Selsoviet of Kezhemsky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Tayozhny, Perm Krai, a settlement in Permsky District of Perm Krai
Tayezhny, Primorsky Krai, a settlement in Nadezhdinsky District of Primorsky Krai
Tayozhny, Alapayevsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Tayozhny Selsoviet of Alapayevsky District in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Tayozhny, Lesnoy, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Yelkino Work Settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Lesnoy in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Tayozhnoye, Khabarovsk Krai, a selo in Khabarovsky District of Khabarovsk Krai
Tayozhnoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Tayozhensky Selsoviet of Kansky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Tayozhnoye, Primorsky Krai, a selo in Krasnoarmeysky District of Primorsky Krai
Tayozhnaya, a village in Borodinsky Selsoviet of Bogradsky District in the Republic of Khakassia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayozhny |
Royall Tyler (born 1936) is a scholar, writer, and translator of Japanese literature. Notable works of his include English translations of The Tale of the Heike (平家物語, Heike Monogatari) which won the 2012 Lois Roth Award, as well as The Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji Monogatari) which was awarded the Japan-US Friendship Commission Translation Prize in 2001. Tyler's first book of poetry was published in 2014, entitled A Great Valley Under the Stars, and his published collection of poetry, Under Currockbilly which recounts his life during the year 2014, suggests he has spent periods of his life in France, Japan, the United States, Australia, and elsewhere.
Academic career
Tyler completed his B.A. in Far Eastern Languages at Harvard University in 1957. He then obtained a master's degree in Japanese history and PhD in Japanese literature at Columbia University where he was supervised by Donald Keene, a well known scholar of Japanese literature. He was a professor and head of the Japan Centre in the faculty of Asian Studies at the Australian National University in Canberra from 1992 until retiring in 2000 in rural Australia with his wife, Susan Tyler. Earlier in his academic career, he taught Japanese language and culture at Harvard, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the University of Oslo, Norway.
He has translated and wrote several Noh plays which helped in introducing Noh theatre to non-Japanese audiences. And in 2001 he received Japan-US Friendship Commission Translation Prize for his translation of the complete Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji Monogatari) text, a project that took eight years to complete and had been the third ever attempt at translating the tale to the English language.
Tyler currently self-publishes his works under his own imprint, Blue-Tongue Books, and continues to host lectures at international seminars and symposiums. Tyler's current working project is titled Continuing with Accounts of the Japanese 14th Century, which does not yet have a release date.
Personal life
Tyler is a descendant of two other authors named Royall Tyler, one being American playwright Royall Tyler (1757–1826) best known for his work The Contrast, and the other his grandfather Royall Tyler (1884-1953), a diplomat and scholar. He was born in London, England, and grew up in the United States and then in France during his high school years. Tyler now lives in rural New South Wales with his wife on a farm in New South Wales, 100 acres beyond Mongarlowe by Braidwood and at the western foot of Mount Currockbilly, which provided inspiration for his published 2016 collection of poems Under Currockbilly.
In 1993, Tyler and his wife purchased several alpacas and brought them to their property, managing a farm and breeding and showing alpacas for twenty years until 2013 when they sold the majority of their herd, although they continue to live on their farm with a few of their animals. Tyler is also a practiced spinner along with his wife, making yarn from the alpaca fleece for over ten years and bringing their refined fabric products to national shows.
Currently retired, he continues to publish books and personal works under his own book imprint titled Blue-Tongue Books which is named after the blue-tongue skinks that would populate the surrounding of his and his wife's farm during the summertime.
Honors
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, 2008
Japan Foundation: Japan Foundation Award, 2007
Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission Translation Prize, 2001
Lois Roth Award, 2012.
Selected Works and Translations
Japanese Tales, Pantheon, 1987
French Folktales, Pantheon, 1989
Japanese Nô Dramas, Penguin, 1990
The Miracles of the Kasuga Deity, Columbia University Press, 1992
The Tale of Genji, Viking, 2001 (hardback) and Penguin, 2002 (paper)
Mistress Oriku: Stories from a Tokyo Teahouse by Kawaguchi Matsutarô, Tuttle, 2007
The Glass Slipper and Other Stories by Yasuoka Shôtarô, Dalkey Archive Press, 2008
The Ise Stories: Ise monogatari, University of Hawai'i Press, 2010 (with Joshua Mostow)
Flowers of Grass by Fukunaga Takehiko, Dalkey Archive Press, 2012
The Tale of the Heike, Penguin, 2012
A Great Valley Under the Stars, Isobar Press, 2014
Before Heike and After: Hogen, Heiji, Jokyuki, Blue-Tongue Books, 2016
From the Bamboo-View Pavilion: Takemuki-ga-ki, Blue-Tongue Books, 2016
From Baishōron to Nantaiheiki, Blue-Tongue Books, 2016
A Reading of The Tale of Genji, Blue-Tongue Books, 2016
To Hallow Genji: A Tribute to Noh, Blue-Tongue Books, 2017
Iwashimizu Hachiman in War and Cult, Blue-Tongue Books, 2017
Henri Pourrat and Le Trésor des Contes, Blue-Tongue Books, 2020
The Castelvecchio Family, by William R. Tyler (formatted and supplemented). 2014
One Name, Two Lives. Blue-Tongue Books, 2017
A Great Valley under the Stars. Isobar Press, 2014
Under Currockbilly. Blue-Tongue Books, 2016
References
1936 births
Living people
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Harvard College alumni
Japanese literature academics
Japanese–English translators
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royall%20Tyler%20%28academic%29 |
Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000) is a book written by Lerone Bennett Jr., an African-American scholar and historian, who served as the executive editor of Ebony for decades. It criticizes United States President Abraham Lincoln and claims that his reputation as the "Great Emancipator" during the American Civil War is undeserved.
In his introduction, Bennett wrote:
The book is dedicated to those individuals whom Bennett calls "the real abolitionists", including Frederick Douglass, Thaddeus Stevens, and Wendell Phillips. In the dedication, he praises them for forcing Lincoln "into glory".
Bennett's critics, including historians James M. McPherson and Eric Foner, as well as political scientist Lucas E. Morel, believe that he ignores Lincoln's political and moral growth during the course of the Civil War. In addition, they surmise that Bennett oversimplifies the complexities of the period on issues of race when criticizing Lincoln. They also point out many direct errors and manipulations in the work, such as switching Lincoln's yes and no votes as senator, quoting out of context and presenting false numbers. Unlike Bennett, they conclude that Lincoln was instrumental in creating the framework that emancipated the slaves in the United States.
In a 2009 review of three newly published books on Lincoln, historian Brian Dirck referred to Bennett's 2000 work and linked him with Thomas DiLorenzo, another critic of Lincoln. He wrote that "Few Civil War scholars take Bennett and DiLorenzo seriously, pointing to their narrow political agenda and faulty research."
See also
The Real Lincoln
References
Further reading
Barr, John M. "Holding Up a Flawed Mirror to the American Soul: Abraham Lincoln in the Writings of Lerone Bennett Jr." Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 35.1 (2014): 43-65. online
Morel, Lucas E. "Forced Into Gory Lincoln Revisionism," Claremont Review of Books,'' (2000) vol 1#1 online
External links
Booknotes interview with Bennett on Forced Into Glory, September 10, 2000, C-SPAN
Panel discussion on Forced Into Glory, September 24, 2000, C-SPAN
2000 non-fiction books
American history books
Books about Abraham Lincoln
Non-fiction books about American slavery
American Civil War books
20th-century history books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced%20into%20Glory |
The 2003 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 25th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It was held in Amstelveen, Netherlands from August 16–24, 2003.
Netherlands won their fifth title after defeated Australia 4–2 in the final.
Squads
Head Coach: Jorge Ruiz
Head Coach: Barry Dancer
Head Coach: Uli Forstner
Head Coach: Rajinder Singh
Head Coach: Joost Bellaart
Head Coach: Tahir Zaman
Umpires
Below is the list of umpires appointed by International Hockey Federation (FIH) for this tournament:
Amarjit Singh (MAS)
Stephen Brooks (ENG)
Mohammad Faiz (PAK)
Jason McCracken (NZL)
Ray O'Connor (IRL)
Tim Pullman (AUS)
Edmundo Saladino (ARG)
Rob ten Cate (NED)
Virendra Singh (IND)
Results
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Final standings
References
External links
Official FIH website
C
C
Champions Trophy (field hockey)
2003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Steven Meisel (born June 5, 1954) is an American fashion photographer, who obtained popularity and critical acclaim with his work in Vogue and Vogue Italia as well as his photographs of friend Madonna in her 1992 book, Sex. He is now considered one of the most successful fashion photographers in the industry. He used to work regularly for both US and Italian Vogue, and W (at the time also published by Condé Nast) and now exclusively for British Vogue.
Early life
Meisel was born in New York. He studied at the High School of Art and Design, where he attended different courses but, as affirmed in an interview with Ingrid Sischy for Vogue France, he finally majored in fashion illustration.
From an early age, Meisel had a deep interest for fashion; he often preferred to sketch models while looking at fashion magazines rather than play with other things and soon enough attended the High School of Art and Design in New York City. Later, he was admitted at the Parsons School of Design, where he majored in fashion illustration and graduated.
Career
One of his first jobs was for fashion designer Halston as an illustrator. Meisel taught illustration part-time at his alma mater, Parsons School of Design. Later on, while working at Women's Wear Daily as an illustrator, he went to Elite Model Management where Oscar Reyes, a booker who liked his illustrations, allowed him to take pictures of some of their models. In his spare time, Meisel would photograph models. One was future film star Phoebe Cates. She went to a casting for Seventeen magazine to show her portfolio, which held some of his photography, and the people at Seventeen subsequently contacted Meisel and hired him.
Meisel worked for many different fashion magazines, most notably Interview and US and Italian Vogue. For over two decades, he captured the photographs for each cover and main editorial spread in Italian Vogue. In 2014, he portrayed 50 models for the 50th anniversary of Vogue Italia.
The July 2008 issue of Vogue Italia featured only black models, and was entirely photographed by Meisel. It was a response to increasing criticism of racism in the fashion industry and became the best-selling issue in the magazine's history. When asked about the issue, Meisel said: "Obviously I feel that fashion is totally racist. The one thing that taking pictures allows you to do is occasionally make a larger statement. After seeing all the shows though I feel it was totally ineffective. I was curious—because it received a lot of publicity—whether it would have any effect on New York, London, Paris, or Milan, and I found that it did not. They still only had one token black girl, maybe two. It’s the same as it always was and that’s the sad thing for me."
Meisel has contributed photos for the covers of several popular albums and singles, including two RIAA Diamond-certified albums, Madonna's 1984 album Like a Virgin and Mariah Carey's 1995 album Daydream. His work can be seen on the cover of Madonna's singles "Bad Girl" and "Fever", and Mariah Carey's single "Fantasy" (simply a different crop of the photo on the cover of the Daydream album). He also directed the music video for Deborah Harry's single "Sweet and Low" alongside fashion designer Stephen Sprouse.
Fashion campaigns
Meisel has shot for Versace, Valentino, Dolce & Gabbana, Balenciaga, Loewe, Calvin Klein, Alberta Ferretti, and Barneys New York. Since 2004, Meisel has shot Prada campaigns each season. In May 2008, he shot friend Madonna for the cover of Vanity Fair, and later that year he shot her for the 2009 spring campaign by Louis Vuitton.
He is a close friend of designer Anna Sui, for whom he has also shot several campaigns, even though Sui rarely uses advertising to promote her clothing.
Influence
As one of the most powerful photographers in the fashion industry, Meisel is credited with "discovering" or promoting the careers of many successful models, including Linda Evangelista, Guinevere Van Seenus, Karen Elson, Amber Valletta, Kristen McMenamy, Stella Tennant, Raquel Zimmerman, Saskia de Brauw, Sasha Pivovarova, Jessica Stam, Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington, Lexi Boling, Iris Strubegger, Lara Stone, Coco Rocha, Natalia Vodianova, Vanessa Axente, and Elise Crombez.
Controversies
Meisel's work often addresses social issues such as racism, addiction, and cultural self-absorption, and the photographer has a history of controversial photoshoots. One example includes an editorial in 2007, where he depicted models in designer outfits being harassed by soldiers, drawing inspiration from the Iraq war. The images were deemed as glamorizing violence and rape. A 2010 article by The Guardian noted that Meisel "clearly considers himself a bit of a provocateur" and questioned his sense of taste and appropriateness. He frequently satirizes the mannerisms and extravagance of the fashion world. One example is the editorial "Makeover Madness," which spanned eighty pages in Vogue Italia in 2002 and depicted models undergoing various body interventions, dressed in couture but wrapped in gauze. Other photoshoots by Meisel have also been met with criticism. In a July 2006 issue of Vogue Italia, he created a controversial photoshoot " described as "a fun take on rehab chic". A September 2006 photoshoot for the magazine, entitled "State of Emergency", was also criticized for eroticizing torture and police brutality.
Books and exhibitions
A book collecting some of his photographs, titled Steven Meisel, was published by German teNeues Buchverlag in 2003 and sold out.
In 2014–2015, Phillips held an exhibition called "Role Play" that featured some of the photographic work of Meisel throughout the years, and which took place in the cities of Paris, London, New York, and Miami.
In 1992, Meisel collaborated with Madonna to develop the controversial book Sex.
In April 2023, it was announced that a new book showcasing the collaborations between Meisel and his longtime muse Linda Evangelista, titled Linda Evangelista Photographed by Steven Meisel, would be released in September 2023 by Phaidon Press.
Personal life
Meisel is known for being a private figure and rarely gives interviews.
References
External links
Portfolio at Art+Commerce Agency
1954 births
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
American photographers
Fashion photographers
High School of Art and Design alumni
Living people
Parsons School of Design alumni
People from Gramercy Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Meisel |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Oakland County, Michigan.
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Former listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Oakland County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Genesee, Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Washtenaw, Wayne
References
01
02
Oakland County
Oakland County, Michigan
Protected areas of Oakland County, Michigan
Tourist attractions in Metro Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Oakland%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Ottawa County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Ottawa County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Allegan, Kent, Muskegon
References
Ottawa County
Ottawa County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Ottawa%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in St. Clair County, Michigan.
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Listings formerly located in St. Clair County
The following listings were located in St. Clair County at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.
See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in St. Clair County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Lapeer, Macomb, Sanilac
References
St. Clair County
St. Clair County, Michigan
Tourist attractions in Metro Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20St.%20Clair%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sanilac County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sanilac County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Sanilac County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Huron, Lapeer, St. Clair, Tuscola
References
Sanilac County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Sanilac%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Saginaw County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Saginaw County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 41 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Saginaw County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Bay, Clinton, Genesee, Gratiot, Midland, Shiawassee, Tuscola
References
External links
Michigan State Historic Preservation Office
National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places site
NRHP
NRHP
Saginaw County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Saginaw%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Shiawassee County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Shiawassee County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Clinton, Genesee, Gratiot, Ingham, Livingston, Saginaw
References
Shiawassee County
Shiawassee County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Shiawassee%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Joseph County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in St. Joseph County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 16 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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Listings Formerly Located in St. Joseph County
The following listings were located in St. Joseph County at the time they were placed on the Register, but have since moved to other locations.
See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in St. Joseph County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Elkhart (IN), Kalamazoo, LaGrange (IN), Van Buren
References
St. Joseph County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20St.%20Joseph%20County%2C%20Michigan |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, Michigan.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, Michigan, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.
There are 371 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 14 National Historic Landmarks. The city of Detroit is the location of 283 of these properties and districts, including 10 National Historic Landmarks; they are listed separately, while 89 properties and districts, including 4 National Historic Landmarks, are listed here. A single property straddles the city limits and thus appears on more than one list.
Detroit
The majority of NRHP properties in Wayne County are in Detroit. These properties represent over a century's worth of the city's growth, from the Charles Trowbridge House (built in 1826, and the oldest known structure in the city) to structures in the Detroit Financial District built in the late 1950s and early 1960s. However, due to the growth of Detroit and successive waves of redevelopment, there are few structures in the city dating from before the Civil War. Some of these structures, including the Trowbridge House, are private homes built along East Jefferson: the Sibley House (1848), the Beaubien House (1851), and the Moross House (1855). Other extant pre-1860 structures include Fort Wayne (1849); Saints Peter and Paul Church (1848) and Mariner's Church (1849); and scattered commercial buildings (one in Randolph Street Commercial Buildings Historic District, for example).
Most of the listed structure in Detroit are associated with the changes wrought by the establishment of substantial industry in the city (in the late 19th century) and the subsequent rise of the automobile industry to a dominant position (in the early 20th century). The historically significant structures include not only manufacturing facilities, but associated office buildings, and the commercial and residential properties built to serve the influx of people into Detroit.
In the latter half of the 19th century, multiple manufacturing firms were established near Jefferson to take advantage of the transportation resources afforded by the river and a parallel rail line. These included the shipyard that eventually became the Dry Dock Engine Works-Detroit Dry Dock Company Complex, Parke-Davis, the Frederick Stearns Company, and Globe Tobacco. The rise of manufacturing led to a new class of wealthy industrialists, entrepreneurs, and professionals who built houses along Jefferson and Woodward Avenue, including the Croul-Palms House (1881), the William H. Wells House (1889), the John N. Bagley House (1889), the Col. Frank J. Hecker House (1888) and the Charles Lang Freer House (1887). Along with these private homes, upscale apartments, such as the Coronado Apartments (1894), the Verona Apartments (1894) and a spate of churches, such as the Cass Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church (1883), the First Presbyterian Church (1889), were constructed in the city.
At the turn of the 20th century, entrepreneurs in the Detroit area—notably Henry Ford—forged into production of the automobile, capitalizing on the already-existing machine tool and coach-building industry in the city. Early automotive production is recognizable by structures such as the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant (1904) (a National Historic Landmark), and multiple structures in the surrounding Piquette Avenue Industrial Historic District (including the now-destroyed E-M-F/Studebaker Plant, 1906) and the New Amsterdam Historic District (including the original Cadillac factory, 1905. As the industry grew, newly minted automotive magnates built commercial and office buildings such as General Motors Building (1919) and the Fisher Building (1928), both National Historic Landmarks. The industry accelerated the growth of Detroit, and the population boom led to the construction of apartment buildings aimed at the middle-class auto worker, including the Somerset Apartments (1922), the Garden Court Apartments (1915), and the Manchester Apartments (1915). At the same time, new upscale neighborhoods farther from the center of the city sprang up, including Boston-Edison, Indian Village, and Palmer Woods.
Automobile wealth led to a boom in downtown Detroit business, and the construction of a collection of early 20th century skyscrapers. The most notable of these is the Art Deco National Historic Landmark Guardian Building (1928), but numerous other significant office buildings such as the Vinton Building (1916), the Barlum Tower (1927), and the Lawyers Building (1922) were also constructed. The building boom was not confined to businesses. Shopping districts sprang up along Park Avenue, Broadway, and Woodward. Multiple hotels were constructed, including the Fort Shelby Hotel (1916), the Detroit-Leland Hotel (1927), the Royal Palm Hotel (1924), and many others. Extravagant movie theaters such as the Fox (1928) and the Palms (1925) were constructed. And public buildings, such as Orchestra Hall (1919), the Detroit Public Library (1921), and the Detroit Institute of Arts (1923).
Other municipalities
Rural Western Wayne County: Canton and Livonia
In marked contrast to Detroit, urban and suburban development came late to the western part of Wayne County. Although suburbs are steadily encroaching into and through these areas, there are still pockets of rural land. The later development has protected some early structures, giving Canton in particular a more significant population of antebellum structures than even the older and larger Detroit. These include a string of Greek Revival structures: the Sheldon Inn (1825), Clyde House (1845), Kinyon House (1850), Bradford House (1860), and the Patterson House. Livonia also boasts Greenmead Farms, which is the original location of Joshua Simmons's 1841 Greek Revival farmhouse and 1829 barn; other structures have been moved to the site.
Victorian-era houses have also recognized. These include the Truesdell House (1888), the Fischer Farmstead (1897), the Orson Everitt House (1899), and the Smith House (1904). In addition, the Wilson Barn in Livonia, instrumental in Ira Wilson's establishment of a million-dollar dairy, creamery, and trucking business, is recognized.
However, not all historically significant structures have been protected from time and redevelopment. In particular, both the Boldman House (1835) and the Dingledey House (1881) have been demolished since their listing on the Register.
Village Western Wayne County: Plymouth and Northville
The villages of Northville and Plymouth boast historically significant houses representing a span of decades. The Northville Historic District contains numerous residential structures built between 1835 and the 1890s with most being early Gothic revival homes. Another significant property—the Robert Yerkes House—is also in Northville, but across the county line in Oakland County. Plymouth contains two important Victorian-era homes—the Italianate Henry W. Baker House (1875) and the Stick-Eastlake Charles G. Curtiss Sr. House (1890)-- as well as the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Carlton D. Wall House (1941).
Another historically important structure is farther east in Dearborn. The Commandant's Quarters was part of the Detroit Arsenal, built in 1833 in what was then the village of Dearbornville. Despite the growth of the surrounding city and the demolition or substantial alteration of the other Arsenal structures, the Commandant's Quarters has remained relatively intact.
Henry Ford's Wayne County: Dearborn
The automobile industry has had a profound effect on the development of Wayne County, and Ford Motor Corporation founderHenry Ford was one of the most influential pioneers. Ford put an indelible stamp on the history of Wayne County in general and Dearborn in particular, with not just one, but five National Historic Landmarks to his name. One of these Landmarks, the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant, is in Detroit; another (the Highland Park Ford Plant) is in Highland Park. The other three are in Dearborn. One of these Landmarks, the Ford River Rouge Complex, represents Henry Ford's industrial vision. Fair Lane was his personal estate. And Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum exemplified Ford's love of and passion for history.
Ford also had other properties that found their way onto the National Register. The Dearborn Inn and Colonial Homes were built by Ford as an airport hotel, and the Ford Valve Plant in Northville was an experimental factory. Perhaps most significantly, the Henry Ford Square House was built by Henry Ford himself soon after his marriage to Clara Ford, and well before his ascent to being the richest man in the world.
The Enclaves: Highland Park and Hamtramck
Together, Highland Park and Hamtramck form an enclave within the city of Detroit. Both were established as independent municipalities when Detroit was much smaller than its current size, and remained so as the larger city grew to engulf them both. Both cities also owe much of their history and present character to the rise and eventual decline of the automobile industry. As noted, the most significant structure within Highland Park is the Highland Park Ford Plant (1910); likewise Hamtramck housed the huge Dodge Main plant (1914). Both plants attracted huge numbers of workers, swelling the populations of both cities.
The influx of workers required housing. Two neighborhoods in Highland Park: Highland Heights-Stevens' Subdivision and Medbury's-Grove Lawn Subdivisions were significant because of their relatively middle-class residents who were able to build solid houses. The burgeoning population also required religious buildings. These included St. Florian (1928) in Hamtramck, serving the primarily Polish residents of the city, and the Highland Park Presbyterian Church (1910), First United Methodist Church (1916), Trinity United Methodist Church (1911), and the Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church (1929) in Highland Park.
Northeast Wayne County: The Grosse Pointes
The rise in industry and the automobile also affected the Grosse Pointes. This section of the county was a primarily agricultural district throughout much of the 19th century until Detroit's nouveau riche discovered the area and began building summer cottages there. As automobiles became more prevalent, and outlying suburbs more accessible, the Pointes quickly became a community of year-round upper-class residents. The historic structures within the cities reflect its transition to the home of wealthy Detroiters. These structures include early 20th-century houses in the Beverly Road Historic District and single-family homes such as the Carl E. and Alice Candler Schmidt House (1909) and the Russell A. Alger Jr. House (1910).
The growing population at the turn of the 20th century also called for the construction of educational buildings such as Defer Elementary School (1924) Grosse Pointe South High School (1927), Père Gabriel Richard Elementary School (1929), and religious buildings such as Saint Paul Catholic Church (1895), Grosse Pointe Memorial Church (1923), and Christ Church Chapel (1930).
Downriver: Lincoln Park, Wyandotte, and Grosse Ile
Lincoln Park is a blue-collar downriver suburb. The two properties in the city, the Lincoln Park Post Office and Mellus Newspapers Building are both of relatively recent origin.
In contrast, Wyandotte is an older city, and has seen its share of wealthy citizens. The Marx House, built by Warren Isham in 1862, housed a number of the city's most prominent citizens, and did the John and Emma Lacey Eberts House, built in 1872. Industrial giant Edward Ford was the son of glass pioneer John Baptiste Ford and the founder of the Michigan Alkalai Company in Wyandotte and the Ford Plate Glass Company in Toledo, Ohio (later the Libbey–Owens–Ford Company). Ford built both the impressive Ford-Bacon House and the George P. MacNichol House across the street.
Grosse Ile, near the southern tip of Wayne County, is a historically wealthy island community. Beginning in the middle of the 19th century, well-to-do businessmen from Detroit built summer homes on the island to escape the city. Some of the earliest mansions are included in the East River Road Historic District, and the nearby St. James Episcopal Church was built not long after the end of the Civil War.
Wayne County bridges
The Wayne County Road Commission was internationally renowned for its innovation. The historic bridges of Wayne County are scattered throughout the county, with two in the far western portion, one in Dearborn, three in Detroit, and the remainder close to the Detroit River south of the city. The western bridges—the Waltz Road – Huron River Bridge and the Lilley Road-Lower Rouge River Bridge—exemplify the population and traffic expansion in that portion of Wayne County during the early part of the century, and demonstrate the benefits of standardization in bridge construction adopted by the Road Commission. Likewise, the bridges along the river and on Grosse Ile show the variety of small bridges and culverts the Commission constructed.
The Detroit bridges were a result of a grade separation carried on by the Commission to separate rail and automotive traffic, necessitated by the rise of the automobile. Another example of accommodating different modes of traffic is the bascule construction of the West Jefferson Avenue – Rouge River Bridge. This was built to maintain shipping traffic in the river while allowing for automobile traffic along West Jefferson. The most recent of the historical bridges, the US 12 Bridges in Dearborn, represent the first crosstown expressway carrying automobile traffic through Detroit.
Listings
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Former listings
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Wayne County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Washtenaw
References
External links
02
Wayne County
Tourist attractions in Metro Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Wayne%20County%2C%20Michigan |
Pál Csernai (21 October 1932 – 1 September 2013) was a Hungarian football player and manager.
Career
Playing career
Born in Pilis, Kingdom of Hungary, Csernai played club football in Hungary, Germany and Switzerland for Budapesti Postás, Csepeli Vasas, Karlsruher SC, La Chaux-de-Fonds and Stuttgarter Kickers.
He also earned two caps for Hungary in 1955.
Management career
After retiring as a player, Csernai managed clubs in Germany, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Turkey, Switzerland and Hungary.
In the early 1990s, he was involved with the North Korean national team. In June 1991, he signed a six-month contract with the PRKFA, acting as a technical adviser to manager Hong Hyon-chol. During this time, North Korea beat the United States 2–1 in a friendly match. After Hong's sacking in October 1993, the PRKFA turned to Csernai to become the national team's manager. The team left for Qatar to participate in the final round of the Asian qualifiers for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. They started positively, with a 3–2 win over Iraq, but lost the other four matches, with the final one being a 3–0 loss to rivals South Korea. Despite the North Korean authorities' insistence for him to stay on as manager, Csernai returned to Hungary, concerned over their efforts to have him acquire citizenship.
Known for wearing his trade mark silk scarf, he is considered to be the inventor of the so-called "Pal system", a combination of the man-to-man and the zone defenses.
Later life and death
Csernai died on 1 September 2013, after a long illness.
References
1932 births
2013 deaths
People from Pilis
Hungarian men's footballers
Hungary men's international footballers
Csepel SC footballers
Hungarian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Karlsruher SC players
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Stuttgarter Kickers players
Hungarian football managers
Hungarian expatriate football managers
Royal Antwerp F.C. managers
Expatriate football managers in Belgium
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Bundesliga managers
FC Bayern Munich managers
FC Bayern Munich non-playing staff
Expatriate football managers in Germany
PAOK FC managers
Expatriate football managers in Greece
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
S.L. Benfica managers
Expatriate football managers in Portugal
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Borussia Dortmund managers
Fenerbahçe S.K. (football) managers
Expatriate football managers in Turkey
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Eintracht Frankfurt managers
BSC Young Boys managers
Expatriate football managers in Switzerland
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Hertha BSC managers
FC Sopron managers
North Korea national football team managers
Expatriate football managers in North Korea
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in North Korea
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Pest County
Expatriate men's footballers in West Germany
Expatriate football managers in West Germany
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in West Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1l%20Csernai |
List of Registered Historic Places in Washtenaw County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Washtenaw County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Monroe, Oakland, Wayne
References
Washtenaw County
Washtenaw County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Washtenaw%20County%2C%20Michigan |
The following is a list of Registered Historic Places in Tuscola County, Michigan.
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See also
List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Tuscola County, Michigan
List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan
Listings in neighboring counties: Bay, Genesee, Huron, Lapeer, Saginaw, Sanilac
References
Tuscola County
Buildings and structures in Tuscola County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Tuscola%20County%2C%20Michigan |
Armadale is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. The district is named for the southeastern Perth suburb of Armadale, which falls within its borders.
History
Armadale was created at the 1982 redistribution out of parts of the seats of Dale and Gosnells. It was first contested in the 1983 election at which Labor member Bob Pearce, who had previously represented Gosnells, was successful. The seat has been regarded as very safe for the Labor Party since its creation, and at the 2001 election, the Liberal Party did not even field a candidate for the seat. It was held from 1996 until 2010 by Alannah MacTiernan, the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure in the Gallop and Carpenter governments.
On 25 June 2010, MacTiernan resigned from the Western Australian Legislative Assembly to run for the federal seat of Canning. A by-election occurred on 2 October 2010 and Labor candidate Tony Buti was elected.
Buti was re-elected at the state elections in 2013 and 2017. In the latter election, he increased his majority to 25.2 percent, making Armadale the safest seat in the legislature.
Geography
Armadale is bounded by the Tonkin Highway to the northwest, the Canning River to the northeast, and the limits of the Armadale suburban area to the south and southeast. Its boundaries include the suburbs of Armadale, Brookdale, Champion Lakes, Hilbert, Mount Nasura, Mount Richon, Seville Grove and Camillo, as well as Kelmscott west of the Canning River.
The 2007 redistribution, which took effect at the 2008 election, resulted in the seat losing eastern Kelmscott as well as Wungong and Forrestdale.
Members for Armadale
Election results
See also
Armadale, Western Australia
City of Armadale
References
External links
Electorate profile (Antony Green, ABC)
Armadale | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Armadale |
Margaret of Thuringia or Margaret of Saxony (1449 – 13 July 1501) was a German noblewoman, Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.
She was the daughter of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia and Anne of Austria, Duchess of Luxembourg suo jure.
Family and children
On 15 August 1476, in Berlin, she married John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg. They had the following children:
Wolfgang, born and died 1482.
Joachim I Nestor (21 February 1484–11 July 1535), Elector Brandenburg.
Elisabeth, born and died 1486.
Albert (1490, Berlin–24 September 1545, Mainz), Cardinal since 1518, Archbishop of Magdeburg in 1513-14, Archbishop of Mainz in 1514-45.
Anna (27 August 1487, Berlin–3 May 1514, Kiel), married 10 April 1502 to the future King Frederick I of Denmark (she was never queen consort, since she died before her husband's accession).
Ursula (17 October 1488–18 September 1510, Güstrow), married 16 February 1507 to Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg.
References
|-
1449 births
1501 deaths
15th-century German people
15th-century German women
Nobility from Weimar
House of Wettin
Electresses of Brandenburg
Daughters of monarchs
Mothers of monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20of%20Thuringia |
Daniel James Immerfall (born December 14, 1955) is a former speed skater from the United States who specialised in the 500 meters.
Immerfall was born in Madison, Wisconsin, and started competing locally at a very young age. When he was 20, Immerfall won bronze at the 1976 Winter Olympics of Innsbruck on the 500 m. One month later, he won silver at the World Sprint Championships behind Swedish skater Johan Granath, though Granath did not win on any of the four distances, while Immerfall won both 500 m races. Immerfall was inducted in the National Speedskating Hall of Fame in 1987.
, Immerfall is a head referee for the International Skating Union. He has two children, Ben and Abby, who are both competitive swimmers.
Olympic career
1976, Innsbruck, Austria
500 m: BRONZE MEDAL
1,000 meters: 12th
1980, Lake Placid, New York
500 m: 5th
1984, Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
Alternate; did not compete
Personal records
References
External links
Daniel J. Immerfall at Team USA
Dan Immerfall at SkateResults.com
Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
Dan Immerfall. Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
Historical World Records. International Skating Union (2007-06-12). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
Speedskating Hall of Fame – Speed Skaters. The National Speedskating Museum and Hall of Fame. Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
1955 births
Living people
American male speed skaters
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in speed skating
Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Immerfall |
The Parliamentary Advisory Council for Transport Safety (PACTS) is a registered charity. For much of its history, it was also an All-party parliamentary group of the UK parliament. In 2016, following changes to parliamentary rules, PACTS the charity was separated from the APPG and PACTS now provides the secretariat to the Transport Safety APPG. PACTS charitable objective is: To protect human life through the promotion of transport safety for the public benefit. Its annual accounts and trustees review of the year can be accessed via the Charity Commission’s website.
History
PACTS was founded in the debate about the compulsory wearing of seatbelts in the fronts of cars in 1981. Its current chair, Barry Sheerman MP, was instrumental in moving an amendment to the 1981 Transport Act to ensure that seatbelt wearing became a requirement. More recently, it helped to ensure that powers to use evidential roadside breath testing equipment were made available to the police and that the police were given the power to seize uninsured vehicles through the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.
Membership
PACTS has an annual membership of over 100 organisations and individuals. To inform its work, it brings together expertise and knowledge from the public, private and professional sectors, comprising insurers, car manufacturers, police and emergency services, local authorities, research institutions and road user groups. It seeks to use this expertise to provide independent, research-based technical advice to Parliamentarians.
Members also provide technical expertise through a structure of working parties. These look at road user behaviour, vehicle design, the road environment, aviation and rail safety. Chaired by independent and respected experts in the field, these enable PACTS to maintain its current knowledge and understanding of the issues facing transport safety.
Events
It organises the prestigious annual Westminster Lecture on Transport Safety to help disseminate key research and knowledge about transport safety. Those invited to give the lecture have included Professor Danny Dorling (Sheffield University), Professor Oliver Carsten (Leeds University Institute for Transport Studies), Dr Jillian Anable (Aberdeen University), Professor Fred Wegman (SWOV – the Dutch road safety research institute) and Tony Bliss (Monash University Accident Research Centre).
As part of its educational work, it also organises two conferences a year, usually held in October and March. These offer an opportunity for practitioners and researchers to debate key research findings and to evaluate examples of current practice in transport safety. Recent conferences have covered driving while impaired, vehicle design innovations and aiming for zero.
Europe
Recognising the importance of the European dimension in transport safety, PACTS was a co-founder of the European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) which is based in Brussels. This brings together representative organisations across the EU and occupies a similar position to PACTS in relation to the European Parliament and Commission. ETSC is a European (not EU) body and PACTS engagement is unaffected by brexit.
Current work
In the summer of 2015 PACTS released its Road Safety Priorities 2015 (June 2015) setting out strategic initiatives which PACTS believes will aid in reducing death and injury on roads in the UK.
PACTS also publishes regular research reports, the most recent being Road Safety Since 2010 (September 2015), which assesses approaches to road safety since 2010 and contains recommendations to government and to transport providers to ensure that safety for all transport users is improved.
References
External links
Official website
Road safety
Transport Safety
Road safety in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary%20Advisory%20Council%20for%20Transport%20Safety |
Edward Burgin (29 April 1927 – 26 March 2019) was an English professional footballer who played 551 times in the Football League as a goalkeeper for Sheffield United, Doncaster Rovers, Leeds United and Rochdale. He played twice for England B, and was a non-playing member of England's squad for the 1954 World Cup.
Career
Burgin started his career with Alford Town. Following a trial he signed for Sheffield United in March 1949. His debut came in a Second Division game against Swansea Town on 1 September 1949, and despite being only tall, his agility kept him in the side for nearly eight seasons. He was ever-present during three 3 League seasons: 1950–51, 1952–53 and 1953–54, and between 12 November 1949 and 15 March 1952 made 102 consecutive league appearances.
After 314 appearances for United, including 281 League games and 20 FA Cup ties, he moved to Doncaster Rovers for a £3,000 fee, as replacement for Harry Gregg who had joined Manchester United. After only five first-team games, he broke his collarbone. In 1958, he joined Leeds United making 58 league appearances for the West Yorkshire side. In 1960, he joined Rochdale, where he spent six seasons, making 207 league appearances and playing in the 1962 Football League Cup Final. He went on to be player-manager of Glossop.
During his time with Sheffield United, Burgin was regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in the country. He toured Australia with the Football Association's team in 1951, was a reserve for England's match with Austria in 1951, won two caps for England B in 1954 and was selected in England's squad for the 1954 World Cup, although he did not feature in any of their matches.
Career statistics
Notes
While Burgin's DoncasterRovers.co.uk profile says he was tall, other sources suggest .
References
External links
1927 births
2019 deaths
Footballers from Sheffield
English men's footballers
England men's B international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Sheffield United F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Glossop North End A.F.C. players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
English Football League players
English football managers
Glossop North End A.F.C. managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Burgin |
Farleigh may refer to:
Places
Australia
Farleigh, Queensland
England
Farleigh, Somerset
Farleigh, Surrey
Farleigh Wallop, Hampshire
Farleigh School, Hampshire
Farleigh Hungerford, Somerset
Farleigh House
Farleigh Hungerford Castle
East Farleigh, Kent
Monkton Farleigh, Wiltshire
West Farleigh, Kent
People with the surname
John Farleigh (1900–1965), English wood-engraver
Lynn Farleigh (born 1942), English actress
Richard Farleigh (born 1960), Australian private investor
Other uses
Newbury Manor School, a special school formerly named Farleigh College
See also
Farley (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farleigh |
Catling is an English surname that may also refer to a kitten, a juvenile cat. Notable people with the surname include:
Brian Catling (b. 1948), English sculptor, poet, novelist, film maker, and performance artist
Hector Catling (1924–2013), British archaeologist
Patrick Skene Catling (born 1925), British children's book author and book reviewer
Richard Catling (1912–2005), British police officer in British Palestine and Commissioner of Police in Kenya
Richard W. V. Catling British archaeologist, son of archaeologist Hector W. Catling
Thomas Catling (1838–1920), editor of Lloyd's Weekly News, author of My Life's Pilgrimage (1911)
Thomas Thurgood Catling (b. 1863), son of Thomas Catling, editor for Lloyd's News and other journals
It may also refer to:
Catlin (surgery), a long, double-bladed surgical knife | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catling |
New Masses (1926–1948) was an American Marxist magazine closely associated with the Communist Party USA. It succeeded both The Masses (1912–1917) and The Liberator (1918-1924). New Masses was later merged into Masses & Mainstream (1948–1963). With the coming of the Great Depression in 1929 America became more receptive to ideas from the political Left and New Masses became highly influential in intellectual circles. The magazine has been called “the principal organ of the American cultural left from 1926 onwards."
History
Early years
New Masses was launched in New York City in 1926 as part of the Workers (Communist) Party of America's publishing stable, produced by a communist leadership but making use of the work of an array of independent writers and artists. The magazine was established to fill a void caused by the gradual transition of The Workers Monthly (successor to The Liberator) into a more theoretically-oriented publication. The name of the new magazine was a tip of the hat to The Masses (1911–1917), forerunner of both publications.
The editorial staff of New Masses included The Masses alumni Hugo Gellert, John F. Sloan, Max Eastman, Mike Gold, as well as Joseph Freeman, Granville Hicks (starting in 1934), Walt Carmon, and James Rorty. Many contributors are now considered distinguished, even canonical authors/writers, artists, and musical composers: William Carlos Williams, Theodore Dreiser, John Dos Passos, Upton Sinclair, Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Dorothy Parker, Dorothy Day, John Breecher, Langston Hughes, Eugene O'Neill, Rex Stout and Ernest Hemingway. More importantly, it also circulated works by avowedly leftist, even “proletarian” (working-class) artists: Kenneth Fearing, H.H. Lewis, Jack Conroy, Grace Lumpkin, Jan Matulka, Ruth McKenney, Maxwell Bodenheim, Meridel LeSueur, Josephine Herbst, Jacob Burck, Tillie Olsen, Stanley Burnshaw, Louis Zukofsky, George Oppen, Crockett Johnson, Wanda Gág, Albert Halper, Hyman Warsager, and Aaron Copland.
The vast production of left-wing popular art of the 1930s and 1940s was an attempt to create a radical culture in conflict with mass culture. Infused with an oppositional mentality, this cultural front was a rich period in American history and is what Michael Denning calls a “Second American Renaissance” because it permanently transformed American modernism and mass culture. One of the foremost periodicals of this renaissance was New Masses.
The magazine adopted a loosely leftist position at its onset, and Frederick J. Hoffman describes “among the fifty-six writers and artists connected in some way with the early issues of the New Masses, [Joseph] Freeman reports, only two were members of the Communist Party, and less than a dozen were fellow travelers”. There was, however, eventual transformation: the editorial shift from a magazine of the radical left, with its numerous competing points of view, gave way to a bastion of Marxist conformity. When Gold and Freeman gained full control by 1928 the “Stalinist/Trotskyist” division began in earnest. Gold’s January 1929 column “Go Left, Young Writers” began the “proletarian literature” movement, one spurred by the emergence of writers with true working-class credentials. Barbara Foley points out, though, that Gold and his peers did not eschew various literary forms in favor of strict realism; they advocated stylistic experimentation but championed and preferred genuine proletarian authorship.
A substantial number of poems, short stories, journalistic pieces and quasi-autobiographical “sketches” dominated the magazine at its onset (Richard Wright and Jack Conroy being prime examples) because the magazine stressed the presence of worker-correspondents in its pages “to make the ‘worker-writer’ a reality in the American radical press”. This movement lauded literature considered more appealing to a working-class audience. This convergence of literary philosophy and Communist Party policy in Depression-era America was facilitated by the John Reed Club of New York City, one of the Communist Party’s affiliated literary organizations. Thus, class conflict was to expand to the literary realm and support political revolution.
Later years and demise
In the 1930s New Masses entered a new phase: a magazine of leftwing political comment, its attention to literature confined to book reviews and explosive editorials aimed at non-Marxist contemporaries. For example, in 1935, John L. Spivak published two articles, “Wall Street’s Fascist Conspiracy: Testimony that the Dickstein MacCormack Committee Suppressed” and “Wall Street's Fascist Conspiracy: Morgan Pulls the Strings”, with a deleted portion of a congressional committee. He said there was a plot that was part of a fascist conspiracy of financiers to take over the United States, and cited the names of business leaders. Furthermore, “[t]he proletariat Stalinists of the founding group,” according to Samuel Richard West, “began applying a Marxist litmus test to every contribution; as a result, the less ideological contributors and editors began to drop away”. The magazine still included literary and artistic content until its eventual demise, just not in the same abundance as in its previous years. While this content was slowly crowded out in favor of more journalistic pieces, New Masses still influenced the leftist cultural scene. For example, in 1937 New Masses printed Abel Meeropol’s anti-lynching poem “Strange Fruit,” later popularized in song by Billie Holiday. The magazine also sponsored the first From Spirituals to Swing concert on 23 December 1938 at Carnegie Hall and was organized by John Hammond.
Though the Great Depression caused resurgence in the American Communist movement and New Masses readership surged – so much so that Gold and his colleagues responded by turning the magazine into a weekly publication starting in January of 1934 – New Masses would eventually encounter competition from Partisan Review. One of its chief aims, to provide a place for creative writing of a leftist character, was gradually crowded out of New Masses by its urgent demands for political and economic discussion and strict adherence to Party doctrine. Furthermore, according to Arthur C. Ferrari, New Masses illustrates how the circumstances under which political and cultural forces converge can be temporary. By the late 1930s, New Masses strongly backed the Communist Party USA’s Popular Front movement as a response to the rise of fascism and the Spanish Civil War. More specifically, though New Masses was an official organ of the Communist Party, it lost Party support when the Party entered the Popular Front stage – fighting the threat of fascism and global war trumped class conflict and political revolution for the foreseeable future .
Though the magazine supported these aims, the 1940s brought significant philosophical and practical troubles to the publication, as it faced the ideological upheaval created by the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (as well as blowback from its support for the Moscow Trials), while at the same time facing virulent anti-communism and censorship during the war. In 1948, editor Betty Millard published the influential article "Woman Against Myth", which examined and explained the history of the women's movement in the United States, in the socialist movement, and in the USSR. The New Masses ceased publication later that year.
In 1948, the magazine merged with another Communist quarterly to form Masses & Mainstream (1948–1963). In 2016, the Party of Communists USA revived this publication.
Managing editors
Joseph Freeman : His reputation rests on his influential introduction to Granville Hicks’s 1935 anthology, Proletarian Literature in the United States and his 1936 account of his immigrant coming-of-age and becoming a Communist, An American Testament. During the Depression years Freeman did his most influential work as a literary theorist and cultural journalist. His 1929 essay “Literary Theories,” a review essay for New Masses, and his 1938 Partisan Review article, “Mask Image Truth”, would eventually frame his mid-decade introduction to Hicks’s anthology. Freeman strains in these essays to honor the Communist Party line and, concurrently, to resist the ideological crudity, or “vulgar Marxism”, that often resulted from such striving.
Mike Gold (1927–1930/1): Real name Itzok Isaac Granich, the Jewish-American writer was a devout communist and abrasive left-wing literary critic. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was considered the proverbial dean of American proletarian literature. In 1925, after a trip to Moscow, he helped found New Masses, which published leftist works and set up radical theater groups. In 1928, he became the editor-in-chief. As editor, he adopted the hard-line stance to publish works by proletarian authors rather than literary leftists. Endorsing what he called “proletarian literature,” Gold was influential in making this style of fiction popular during the depression years of the 1930s. His most influential work, Jews Without Money, a fictionalized autobiography about growing up in impoverished Manhattan, was published in 1930.
Walt Carmon (1930/1–1932)
Whittaker Chambers (1932): Chambers became a contributor in 1931 with four short stories that catapulted him to contributing editor later in 1931 and managing editor for the first half of 1932, when he received order to join the Soviet underground (see Ware Group and Alger Hiss). His name persisted in the masthead for months thereafter, perhaps as cover.
Joseph Freeman (1932–1933)
Granville Hicks (1934-1936): Influential Marxist literary critic during the 1930s. He established his intellectual reputation as an influential literary critic with the 1933 publication of The Great Tradition, an analysis of American literature from a Marxist perspective. He joined the Communist Party and became literary editor of New Masses in January 1934, the same issue New Masses became a weekly. Hicks is remembered for his well-publicized resignation from the CPUSA in 1939.
Joseph Freeman (1936–1937)
Footnotes
Further reading
Aaron, Daniel. Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism. New York: Harcourt, 1961.
Folsom, Michael. “The Education of Michael Gold.” Proletarian Writers of the Thirties. Ed. David Madden. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1968. 222-51.
Freeman, Joseph. “Literary Theories.” New Masses 4.5 (1929): 13.
Freeman, Joseph. Introduction. Hicks 9–28.
Gold, Mike. “Go Left, Young Writers!” New Masses 4.1 (1929): 3–4.
Gold, Michael. Jews Without Money. New York: Liveright, 1930.
Hemingway, Andrew. Artists on the Left: American Artists and the Communist Movement, 1926–1956. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
Hicks, Granville. “The Crisis in American Criticism.” New Masses 9.2 (1933): 4–5.
Hicks, Granville, et al., eds. Proletarian Literature in the United States: An Anthology. New York: International, 1935.
Murphy, James F. “The American Communist Party Press and the New Masses.” The Proletarian Moment: The Controversy over Leftism in Literature. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1991. 55–82.
Peck, David Russell. The Development of an American Marxist Literary Criticism: The Monthly "New Masses." PhD dissertation. Temple University, 1968.
North, Joseph, ed. New Masses: An Anthology of the Rebel Thirties. New York: International, 1969.
Wald, Alan M. Exiles from a Future Time: The Forging of a Mid-Twentieth Century Literary Left. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
External links
Marxists.org: Marxists Internet Archive highest resolution scans online. Complete 1926 thru 1945. (high-resolution archive)*
Montclair State University: selected articles
Archives of American Art
Crockett Johnson
Communist periodicals published in the United States
Communist magazines
Defunct political magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1926
Magazines disestablished in 1948
Marxist magazines
Magazines published in New York City
Communist Party USA publications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Masses |
Nick Peros (born March 17, 1963) is a Canadian classical composer known for his symphonic, orchestral, choral, vocal, and chamber works. He is also a published author and a poet.
Early life
Peros was born in Toronto, Ontario, and received his first guitar at age six. He began serious study of the instrument at age eleven, focusing primarily on rock and blues genres. While in his teens Peros discovered classical music and composition, enrolling in formal studies of Theory and Composition with Dr. Tony Dawson at the Royal Conservatory of Music's ARCT program in Toronto from 1987 to 1989. Peros is a graduate of the University of Toronto (BSc).
Compositions & recordings
Peros' catalogue of works includes compositions for a cappella chorus, accompanied solo voice, solo instrumental works, as well as chamber and orchestral works. He has released four recordings to date.
Vocal
Peros' vocal works are primarily songs for solo voice and piano and are settings of various poetic texts, including texts by Emily Bronte, William Blake, Emily Dickinson, A.E. Housman, William Wordsworth, Robert Louis Stevenson, et al. His CD Songs (Phoenix Records, 2000), performed by soprano Heidi Klann and pianist Alayne Hall, features 31 songs for voice and piano, 17 of which are settings of the poetry of Emily Bronte, with a number of those being the first time Bronte's poems have been set to music.
Choral
Peros' choral works focus largely on a cappella motets, composed for two to five part chorus and characterized by both homophonic and polyphonic textures. Peros' debut CD Motets (Phoenix Records 1999), features a selection of 20 motets performed by The Renaissance Singers, conducted by Richard Cunningham. The Motets received their world premiere performance on September 24, 1999 at Toronto's George Weston Recital Hall, performed by The Renaissance Singers, conducted by Richard Cunningham.
Prayer of Consolation is a large-scale a cappella choral work in eleven movements composed to mark the First Anniversary of 9/11. Featuring a Biblical text compiled by Peros to reflect a dialogue between God and Man on the events of 9/11, Prayer of Consolation received its world premiere on September 10, 2002, in Washington D.C. at Washington National Cathedral, performed by The Palestrina Choir, conducted by Michael Harrison, as part of the U.S. commemorations of the first anniversary of 9/11.
Solo Instrumental
Peros' compositions for solo instrument include works for flute, cello, harp, piano and guitar. Soliloquies (Phoenix Records, 2012) features a selection of works for solo instrument, including Eden, for solo flute, Suite No.1 for Solo Cello and five Poemes for Solo Piano. Select Poemes for Solo Piano were recorded by Canadian pianist Linda Shumas and included on her recording Paradise Reborn.
Compositions for solo guitar include 24 Nocturnes for Solo Guitar, Sonata for Solo Guitar, Rondo for Solo Guitar and five Suites for Solo Guitar. Nocturnes: 24 Nocturnes for Solo Guitar (DeoSonic Music, 2017) was the world premiere recording of the 24 nocturnes and was performed and recorded by Canadian guitarist Michael Kolk. The 24 Nocturnes and the Rondo for Solo Guitar are published by Les Productions D'Oz.
Chamber and Orchestral
Peros' chamber works include a Sonata for Cello and Piano, various duets, and music for string trio. His orchestral works include Prelude to Beren & Luthien, a one-movement work for full orchestra inspired by the Tolkien story, and Northern Lights. Northern Lights (1993) is a one-movement orchestral work which received its world premiere in November 1994, performed by Symphony Hamilton, conducted by Clyde Mitchell. In 1997 Northern Lights was further performed across Canada, including a performance by the Regina Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Marc David, which was recorded and broadcast nationally by CBC Radio. Most recently Northern Lights was performed by the Arcady Ensemble under the direction of Ronald Beckett.
Producer
Peros is also a music producer. His CD O Canada – A Canadian Celebration (Peros Music, 2002) is both Certified platinum and Certified gold, while the CDs Home for Christmas (Peros Music, 2004), HomeGrown (Peros Music, 2005) and Stories from Home (Peros Music, 2005) are Certified gold.
References
External links
Nick Peros official website
21st-century classical composers
Living people
1963 births
Male classical composers
21st-century male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Peros |
The 53rd British Academy Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts on 9 April 2000, honoured the best in film for 1999.
Sam Mendes's American Beauty won the award for Best Film (and previously won the Academy Award for Best Picture), Actor (Kevin Spacey), Actress (Annette Bening), Cinematography, Editing, and Original Music; Spacey previously won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Jude Law (The Talented Mr. Ripley) and Maggie Smith (Tea with Mussolini) won the awards for Best Supporting Actor and Actress, respectively. Pedro Almodóvar, director of All About My Mother, won for his direction. East Is East was voted Outstanding British Film.
The ceremony took place at the Odeon Leicester Square in London and was hosted by Jack Docherty.
The nominations were announced on 1 March 2000.
Winners and nominees
Statistics
See also
72nd Academy Awards
25th César Awards
5th Critics' Choice Awards
52nd Directors Guild of America Awards
13th European Film Awards
57th Golden Globe Awards
11th Golden Laurel Awards
20th Golden Raspberry Awards
4th Golden Satellite Awards
14th Goya Awards
15th Independent Spirit Awards
5th Lumières Awards
26th Saturn Awards
6th Screen Actors Guild Awards
52nd Writers Guild of America Awards
References
External links
Film in 2000 at BAFTA
BAFTA Awards (2000) at IMDb
053
B
B
April 2000 events in the United Kingdom
2000 in London
1999 awards in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd%20British%20Academy%20Film%20Awards |
John Smedley may refer to:
Jonathan Smedley (1671–1729), Anglo-Irish churchman and satirical victim
John Smedley (industrialist), 19th century English industrialist
John Smedley (business executive), former president of Daybreak Game Company
John Smedley (British Army officer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Smedley |
Margravine Anna of Brandenburg (27 August 1487 – 3 May 1514) was a German noblewoman.
Margravine Anna was the daughter of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg and Margaret of Thuringia. She was born in Berlin, Brandenburg, and died in Kiel, Holstein.
Marriage
In 1500 she was betrothed to Frederick, then Duke of Schleswig and Holstein and, after her death, king of Denmark and Norway. Because they were second cousins (Frederick's mother Dorothea of Brandenburg was the cousin of Anna's father) their marriage required a Papal dispensation. In addition, the marriage was not held until 10 April 1502 due to Anna's youth. The marriage, held in Stendal, was a double one: on the same day, Anna's brother Joachim and Frederick's niece Elisabeth were married.
Anna and Frederick had two children:
Christian III of Denmark (12 August 1503 – 1 January 1559)
Dorothea (1 August 1504 – 11 April 1547), married 1 July 1526 to Albert, Duke of Prussia
She died in 1514 at age 26. Her husband was remarried, to Sophie of Pomerania, and had six more children.
Ancestry
References
External links
1487 births
1514 deaths
People from Berlin
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Anna
Anna
15th-century German women
16th-century German women
15th-century German people
16th-century German people
Daughters of monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20of%20Brandenburg |
INFOhio, the Information Network for Ohio schools, is the state's virtual PreK-12 library that uses the existing school telecommunications infrastructure to address equity issues by providing electronic resources, library automation, and other services to Ohio schools. These resources are linked to student achievement and performance, standards-based instruction, teacher effectiveness, and technological competency and are accessible from not only the school library, but also from classroom, lab, and home computers.
INFOhio provides the standardized library automation software to put card catalogs online, which makes it possible for students and educators to access a variety of materials, including books and other resources in the school library as well as other libraries across the state.
Since 1994, INFOhio has automated more than 2,343 school libraries serving than 1.1 million students.
External links
INFOhio Home Page
Library-related organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INFOhio |
They had been successive district administration in the County of Durham. The ancient county was formerly structured around the Bishop of Durham with ancient wards and boroughs.
1835–1974
The county palatine was restructured to a standard county system of the time through successive Durham County Palatine Acts 1836 to 1889. Municipal boroughs were established under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. The administrative county and county boroughs were introduced in 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888. Urban and rural districts were created under the Local Government Act 1894. The structure was replaced under the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974.
Boroughs
A borough could either have or not have a rural controlled from the same set of municipal buildings. A municipal borough’s area was part-governed by the administrative county; a municipal borough could become a county borough which was only ceremonially linked with the county.
Districts
A rural and or urban district could be controlled from a single set of municipal buildings:
1974-2009
Under the Local Government Act 1972, the county's ceremonial, district and borough boundaries were moved to align to the newly created non-metropolitan county of Durham. The ceremonial county had the boroughs Darlington (borough) of Sedgefield and the City of Durham as well as five districts:
Chester-le-Street
Derwentside
Easington
Teesdale
Wear Valley.
unitary authority under the Local Government Act 1992. Darlington borough became a unitary authority in 1995. The county of Cleveland disbanded in 1996, Boroughs of Hartlepool and of Stockton-on-Tees became unitary authorities in the ceremonial county. The Borough of Stockton-on Tees is split between the ceremonial counties of Durham and North Yorkshire.
The non-metropolitan county was subject to 2009 reforms. The council county, districts and boroughs were merged into a unitary authority. The ceremonial county now covers four unitary authorities:
Borough of Darlington
County of Durham
Borough of Hartlepool
Borough of Stockton-on-Tees (north of the River Tees)
References
Local government in County Durham
Durham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20local%20government%20districts%20in%20Durham |
Charlotte Elizabeth Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, 6th Baroness Clifford (born Lady Charlotte Boyle; 27 October 1731 – 8 December 1754) was the daughter of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and Lady Dorothy Savile. From 1748 until her death she was married to William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, later the 4th Duke of Devonshire and Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Family and early life
Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Boyle was the only surviving daughter of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and Lady Dorothy Savile. Her mother was the daughter of William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax.
Personal life
On 28 March 1748, she married William Cavendish, then the Marquess of Hartington, who later became the 4th Duke of Devonshire and the Prime Minister of Great Britain. The advantageous union had been arranged since childhood and was happy. The marriage helped him rise politically. They had four children: William, Dorothy, Richard, and George.
Baroness Clifford of Londesborough
Charlotte inherited great wealth upon the death of her father in 1754. As the heir of her father, she succeeded to the title of Baroness Clifford of Londesborough suo jure. Through her marriage, the Cavendish family, with the main title of Duke of Devonshire, inherited the 3rd Earl of Burlington's estates (the title went to the Orrery Boyles). These estates included: Burlington House, Piccadilly, London (now the Royal Academy of Arts); Chiswick House, London; Londesborough Hall, Yorkshire; Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire; Lismore Castle, County Waterford, Ireland. Charlotte was her father's sole remaining heir.
The Marchioness of Hartington died on 8 December 1754 at Uppingham, Rutland from smallpox. The next year her husband William succeeded his father as Duke of Devonshire.
Issue
Charlotte and her husband William had four children:
William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (14 December 1748 – 29 July 1811)
Lady Dorothy Cavendish (27 August 1750 – 3 June 1794), who married William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland.
Lord Richard Cavendish (19 June 1752 – 7 September 1781)
George Augustus Henry Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington (31 March 1754 – 4 May 1834)
Ancestors
References
Works cited
1731 births
1754 deaths
Clifford, Charlotte Cavendish, 6th Baroness
06
Daughters of British earls
Daughters of Irish earls
Deaths from smallpox
Charlotte Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington
British courtesy marchionesses
Infectious disease deaths in England
People from Uppingham
Charlotte
Wives of knights | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Cavendish%2C%20Marchioness%20of%20Hartington |
{{infobox book
| name = Shah Jo Risalo
| title_orig = '
شاه جو رسالو| translator =
| image = Shah Jo Risalo.jpg
| caption=
| author = Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = Pakistan
| language = Sindhi
| series =
| subject =SufismCultureHistory
| genre = Poetry
| publisher =Sindhi Adabi Board
| pub_date =
| pages =
| isbn =
}}Shah Jo Risalo () is a book of poems of the Sindhi Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Shah Abdul Latif's poetry was compiled during his lifetime and after his death. It was compiled and designated as Shah Jo Risalo or Poetry of Shah.
Ernest Trumpp called it Diwan when he edited the Risalo and published it from Leipzig, Germany in 1866 A.D.
Shah Abdul Latif has received influence from Maulana Rumi's Mathnawi.
Surs (chapters)
The traditional compilations of Shah Jo Risalo include 30 Surs (chapters). The oldest publications of Shah Jo Risalo contained some 36 Surs, but later most of the linguists discarded 6 Surs, as their language and content did not match the Shah's style. Recently, Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Baloch, a linguist of the Sindhi language, has compiled and printed a new edition after 32 years of research into folk culture, language and the history of Sindhi language. Another poet Dr Aurangzeb Siyal has recently launched a book named "Louk Zangeer".
The word "Sur", from Sanskrit word Svara, means a mode of singing. The Surs are sung as Ragas In Indian classical music, its "Ragas" and "Raginis" are sung at different times of day and night. In Risalo the Surs are named according to their subject matter. The underlying theme is how the individual is to cultivate the godly attributes, negate his ego so as to evolve to a better human being.
The traditional 30 Surs included in Shah Jo Risalo are:
Kalyaan
Yaman Kalyaan
Khanbhaat
Suri Raag
Samundi
Sohni
Sassui Aburi
Maazuri
Desi
Kohyari
Husaini
Lilan Chanesar
Momal Rano
Marui
Kaamod
Ghattu
Sorath
Kedaro
Sarang
Asaa
Rippa
Khahori
Barwo sindhi
Ramkali
Kapati
Purab
Karayal
Pirbhati
Dahar
Bilawal
Sur Kamod
These Surs contain Bayts which Shah latif sang in state of ecstasy. These Bayts in the Surs concerning the life-stories of his heroines, viz. Suhni, Sassui, Lila, Mumal, Marui, Nuri and Sorath, are not in chronological sequences, for the Sufi Poet in his state of "Wajd" or ecstasy, was concerned with the moments of denouncements in life-stories, which he used as allegories to express his mystical experiences.
Shah's Heroines
The heroines of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai's poetry are known as the Eight queens of Sindhi folklore who have been given the status of royalty in Shah Jo Risalo. The Eight Queens are celebrated throughout Sindh for their positive qualities: honesty, integrity, piety and loyalty. They are also valued for their bravery and their willingness to risk their lives in the name of love. The Seven Queens mentioned in Shah Jo Risalo are Marui, Momal, Sassui, Noori, Sohni, Sorath, and Lila'''. In his poetry, Shah has alluded in an elaborate way to these characters of Sindhi folktales and used them as metaphors for high spiritual life.
These romantic tales of Bhittai are commonly known as Momal Rano, Umar Marui, Sohni Mehar, Lilan Chanesar, Noori Jam Tamachi, Sassui Punnhun and Sorath Rai Diyach or Seven Queens () of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai.Sassui Punnhun and Sohni Mehar aka Sohni Mahiwal in Punjabi are also celebrated in Punjab along with Heer Ranjha and Mirza Sahiban'' and thus form part of Punjabi traditions.
These Ten tragic romances from South Asia (all from present-day Pakistan) have become part of the cultural identity of Pakistan.
Translations
Shah Jo Risalo was first translated into German in 1866 by Ernest Trump, a German scholar and missionary when in 1860s he became fascinated by Sindhi language and culture and the jogis and singers who sang Shah Latif’s verses. With the help of Sindhi scholars he compiled a selection of the original verses and called it "Shah Jo Risalo" (the message of Shah). It was first translated in English by Elsa Kazi, a German lady married to Allama I. I. Kazi, who translated selections of Shah Jo Risalo in English prose. Later in 1940, Dr H.T Sorley, an English scholar learnt Sindhi, and published selections from the Risalo by the Oxford University Press entitled "Shah Abdul latif of Bhit – His Poetry, Life and Times".
The most recent work (1994) of translation of Risalo into English is that of Amena Khamisani, a professor in English Literature at the Sindh University. Shaikh Ayaz, the famous Sindhi poet, translated Risalo into Urdu. Risalo is also translated in Punjabi by Kartar Singh Arsh and more recently French translation was also undertaken by Cultural department of Sindh. Part of Risalo is also translated in Arabic.
There is one more translation of Shah Abdul Latif by name "Seeking The Beloved" translated by Hari Daryani 'Dilgir', a noted Sindhi poet and Anju Makhija. This book was honoured with Sahitya Akademi Award for translation in the year 2011.
See also
Lilan Chanesar
Bhit
Latif Award
References
External links
Shah Jo Risalo — Full text in Sindhi Language
Shah Jo Risalo Multilingual Android App
Shah Jo Risalo Multilingual IOS App
Bhittaipedia, complete Anthology based on Shah Jo Risalo
Shah Jo Risalo - The Selection, translated by: Elsa Kazi into English
Official Fan Page of Shah Jo Risalo at Facebook in various languages
Shah Jo Risalo Full text in e-book/PDF format
Shah Jo Risalo: Punjabi Translation of Selected verses
Risala Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai - Urdu Translation By Shiekh Ayaz
Sufi literature
Sindhi folklore
Pakistani literature
Islamic poetry
Devotional literature
Sindhi poetry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah%20Jo%20Risalo |
Fields in Trust is a British charity set up in 1925 as the National Playing Fields Association (NPFA), by Brigadier-General Reginald Kentish and the Duke of York, later King George VI, who was the first president, which protects parks and green spaces and promotes the cause of accessible spaces for play, sports and recreation in British cities and towns.
As well as campaigning to protect playing fields and open space, Fields in Trust legally protects the King George's Fields, 471 public recreation grounds set up as a memorial to King George V.
History
The charity was set up in 1925 as the National Playing Fields Association (NPFA), by Brigadier-General Reginald Kentish and was founded by the Duke of York, later King George VI, who was the first president. This royal link continued with Queen Elizabeth II as Patron from 1952 until her death in 2022 and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as President from 1947 until he stepped down in 2013 to be succeeded by his grandson William, Prince of Wales.
Fields in Trust is a charity incorporated by Royal Charter in 1932. The organisation was awarded the Olympic Cup in 1931 by the International Olympic Committee in recognition of its work providing Playing Fields in Great Britain.
The Charity’s affairs are conducted through its Council, which meets quarterly to set the policy of the Association and to oversee its work. It is also linked to many other bodies, and the members of the organisation include local authorities, individuals, playing field associations, schools, and sports clubs. In 1972, Fields in Trust (then the NFPA) supported the Bishop of Stepney, Trevor Huddleston, in denouncing the lack of play provision which had led to the deaths by drowning of two boys who lived in his diocese. This gave the impetus to the Fair Play for Children campaign.
Fields in Trust set standards for playground provision in the UK through the Six Acre Standard, which is widely recognised as a planning tool for local authorities as a basis, when stipulating play area provision for new housing development, and in local play policies. Fields in Trust is one of the agencies represented on the UK Government School Playing Fields Advisory Panel convened by the Department for Education to scrutinise the disposal or change of use of playing fields and school land.
Objectives
Recommendations on Outdoor Playing Space were first formulated in 1925, soon after the Association’s formation. This was with the intention of ensuring "every man, woman and child in Great Britain should have the opportunity of participating in outdoor recreational activity within a reasonable distance of home during leisure hours". The charity urged all local authorities to adopt a minimum standard of provision of of public open space for every 1,000 people, of which at least "should be set aside for team games, tennis, bowls and children’s playgrounds".
Since then, Fields in Trust have kept the recreational space standard under regular review. It now stands as the Six Acre Standard, recommending per 1,000 head of population as a minimum necessity for space.
In 1992, the Association revised its recommendations on recreational space to include the Children’s Playing Space Standard aspect of the Six Acre Standard - part of the recommendation then was a general statement of the need for adequate children’s playing space.
Protected Land
Fields in Trust supervises the property over which the Association acts as Guardian Trustee and ensures that it retains its charitable purpose. The Fields in Trust charity has a role in the protection of over 2,800 parks, playing fields and nature reserves across the United Kingdom. In total, the Fields in Trust's land portfolio represents an interest over . In the 1920s and 1930s many of the sites were funded by the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust on the basis that the land would be kept as public playing fields in perpetuity. In all of its work, Fields in Trust is assisted by affiliated national and county associations and other partners.
King George's Field
Fields in Trust is the Trustee of the King George's Fields Foundation (KGFF). The Foundation was established as a Memorial to the Late King George V by Trust Deed on 3 November 1936. The objects of the Trust were "to promote and to assist in the establishment throughout the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of Playing Fields for the use and enjoyment of the people every such Playing Field to be styled ‘King George’s Field’ and to be distinguished by heraldic panels or other appropriate tablet medallion or inscription commemorative of the King".
The Trust defined a playing field as "any open space used for the purpose of outdoor games, sports and pastimes".
These playing fields have their origins in an appeal launched shortly after the death of George V in March 1936. Rather than finance the entire cost of a few schemes, grants were given towards the cost of as many fields as possible, the balance being raised by the local authority or other organisation providing the field and accepting responsibility for its maintenance. In most cases, the responsible body entered into a Deed of Dedication declaring that the recreation ground shall "be preserved in perpetuity as a Memorial to His Late Majesty under the provisions of the KGFF and shall henceforth be known as a 'King George’s Field'." The NPFA would act, as administrator, to look at and consider proposals in order to allocate grants.
A Charity Commission Scheme was made on 1 December 1965 passing the trusteeship of the Foundation to the NPFA and, among other things, widening the objects of the Foundation to include the "preservation" of the King George’s Fields.
Six Acre Standard
The Six Acre Standard aims to help land use planners ensure a sufficient level of open space to enable residents of all ages to participate in sports and games with an emphasis on access for children to playgrounds and other play space. The standard suggests that for each 1000 residents there should be a total of of recreational land, of which should be for outdoor sport and recreation space (including parks) and for children's play, with some of this being equipped playgrounds
In its publication The Six Acre Standard, the FiT outlines a more detailed breakdown including a hierarchy of child play space.
The New Six Acre Standard
Fields in Trust reissued The Six Acre Standard under the new name Guidance for Outdoor Sport and Play in 2015 as an online reference work for planners in the UK. It has been updated to include the modern planning regime and new topics such as sustainability and the local environment. These areas come under the heading "Open Space" which refers to all open space, and is deemed as a community asset, and value, and is protected by legislation in the Core Strategy (2006-2026). Versions of the Guidance for the devolved administrations of Scotland and Wales were launched in January 2017 as well as a Welsh Language edition.
Children's sports fields on educational land are not recorded as Open Space and are not protected by Open Space legislation. However, any change of use of educational land requires local or national government approval. The government decisions can be contested by the local community.
Queen Elizabeth II Fields Challenge
Queen Elizabeth II Fields Challenge, (known as the "Queen Elizabeth Fields Challenge" in Scotland), was a programme run by Fields in Trust aiming to protect outdoor recreational spaces across the UK to create a "grassroots legacy" in celebration of the 2012 Diamond Jubilee.
Presidents
The National Playing Fields Association has had a member of the Royal Family serving as president since their foundation in 1925:
HRH Duke of York 19251936
HM The King 19361948
HRH Duke of Edinburgh 19482013
HRH Prince of Wales 2013Present
See also
List of King George V Playing Fields
Urban planning
Gyro International, established 1912, sponsor of playgrounds in Canada and the United States
Notes
External links
Fields in Trust
Queen Elizabeth II Fields Challenge
King George's Fields
Monuments and memorials in the United Kingdom
Interested parties in planning in the United Kingdom
Environmental charities based in the United Kingdom
1925 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1925
Playgrounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields%20in%20Trust |
Harry Stillwell Edwards (1855–1938) was an American journalist, novelist, and poet, born at Macon, Georgia. He studied law at Mercer University, Macon, and graduated in 1877. He was assistant editor and editor of Macon journals (1881–1888), gaining distinction as a writer of dialect stories. He wrote on the Georgia aristocracy as well as pro-slavery fantasies popular in the South. Amongst his publications are:
Two Runaways and Other Stories (1889)
The Marbeau Cousins (1898)
Sons and Fathers (1896)
His Defense and Other Stories (1899)
Eneas Africanus (1920)
References
External links
19th-century American novelists
American male journalists
1855 births
1938 deaths
Mercer University alumni
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
19th-century American male writers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Stillwell%20Edwards |
The Agapia Monastery () is a Romanian Orthodox nunnery located 9 km west of Târgu Neamț, in the commune of Agapia, Neamț County. It was built between 1641 and 1643 by Romanian hetman Gavriil Coci, brother of Vasile Lupu. The church, restored and modified several times during the centuries was painted by Nicolae Grigorescu between 1858 and 1861. It is one of the largest nunneries in Romania, having 300–400 nuns and ranking second place in population after Văratec Monastery.
References
External links
Romanian Orthodox monasteries of Neamț County
Christian monasteries established in the 17th century
17th-century establishments in Romania
1643 establishments in Romania
Historic monuments in Neamț County
17th-century architecture in Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agapia%20Monastery |
Karel Poláček (22 March 1892 – 21 January 1945) was a Czech writer, humorist and journalist of Jewish descent.
Life
He was born in Rychnov nad Kněžnou into the family of a Jewish merchant. He attended the gymnasium there, but did poorly, so he transferred to a secondary school in Prague, from which he graduated in 1912. He then attended the faculty of law at Charles University.
He was employed as a legal clerk for a short time. During the First World War he served on the Serbian and Galician fronts. After the war he was employed by the Czechoslovak Committee on Import and Export, but lost his job after he ridiculed the office in one of his short stories called Kolotoč (The Carousel); about a family that inherits a carousel but, due to a hyperbureaucratic import/export office, they are not able to sell it abroad.
Josef Čapek offered him support in 1920 and Poláček began contributing to a satirical magazine; Nebojsa (Dreadnought). He then started writing short stories, feature stories and columns using the pseudonym Kočkodan (Guenon, or Marmoset). Shortly after that, in 1922, the Čapek brothers introduced him to the editor of Lidové noviny (a popular newspaper of that time). The newspaper published his feature stories and very popular series called "Soudničky" ("Judges"; generally humorous stories about the court system.). His work was published in this newspaper until the Nazi occupation came and it was forbidden under the Nuremberg Laws.
He then went to work for the Jewish religious community. Near the end of 1943, he was transported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp and then transferred to Auschwitz. He died in the Gleiwitz camp.
Work
His novels represent the most authentic values of Czech interwar prose. He was close to the humanistic credo of his generation of writers such as Karel Čapek and František Langer. At the same time he reflects in his "humorous" (but only at first sight) novels the deep tragedy of the petty bourgeois, small-town and suburban world in which hypocrisy, mental smallness, narrow-mindness and spiritual poverty wins.
Poláček was able to describe different human types - not only in their variety but also in the art of getting under the mask of their language. At the beginning of his work stand humorous sketches mostly from small-town environments, with caricatured human types, especially from middle-class, often Jewish society.
His first novel was Dům na předměstí (1928, A House in the Suburbs) in which he portrayed the transformation of a "small man" into a dehumanised creature as soon as he is seized with the proprietary instinct to possess. He was widely popular for his humoristic prose such as Muži v offsidu (1931, Men in Offsides, which was made into a movie that year by director Svatopluk Innemann, starring Hugo Haas in the role of Mr. Načeradec) or Michelup a motocykl (1935, Michelup and the Motorcycle).
Much of his work was devoted to a cycle in which he portrayed a small town during the years before World War I. The story is centered around the fate of the tradesman, Štědrý, and his sons. It was supposed to be a pentalogy; the fifth part was written but only fragments survived. The books were published in this order: Okresní město (1936, County Town), Hrdinové táhnou do boje (1936, Heroes go to Battle), Podzemní město (1937, Underground Town) and Vyprodáno (1939, Sold Out).
During the Nazi occupation, in 1941, Poláček's humorous novel Hostinec U kamenného stolu (Tavern with a Stone Table) was published under the name of the painter . It was made into a movie in 1949. After the Second World War, a novel about his childhood in Rychnov nad Kněžnou, Bylo nás pět (There Were Five Of Us, however translated in English under the title We Were a Handful) was published.
External links
Several works by Karel Poláček available on the website of the Municipal Library in Prague(in Czech)
1892 births
1945 deaths
People from Rychnov nad Kněžnou
Czech Jews
Czech short story writers
Czech male novelists
Czech journalists
Charles University alumni
Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Czech people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp
20th-century journalists
Czechoslovak civilians killed in World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20Pol%C3%A1%C4%8Dek |
The University of Wisconsin–Whitewater at Rock County is a branch campus of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater located in Janesville, Wisconsin. Known informally as "U Rock," and home to the College of Integrated Studies, the campus enrolls approximately 1,000 students pursuing an Associate of Arts and Sciences. Rock County campus students are welcome to live in residence halls on the Whitewater campus, and a free shuttle runs between the two campuses.
History
Newspaper articles, dating back from 1963, mention proposals of a new university in the Rock County area. The proposal to build the campus was dated in 1965, with the estimated cost at $1,050,000. The Groundbreaking Ceremony took place on October 6, 1965 The campus opened in 1966 and was called "The University of Wisconsin-Rock County Center. The intent of the college was to provide affordable college education to all types of students (traditional and non-traditional) and to prepare them to transfer to a four year university.
During the fall 2018 semester, URock changed its name and began operating under a new campus name, the "University of Wisconsin-Whitewater at Rock County."
Academics
Enrollment was 1220 in fall, 2013, and the student/teacher ratio was 18:1. Currently, enrollment is at 897 students with 79 academic staff.
The school offers a general education associate degree. After beginning studies at UW–Rock County, students transfer to other UW System institutions as well as to colleges and universities throughout the country to complete their bachelor's degrees.
The campus hosts the Rock County Engineering Program, a partnership with UW–Platteville offering a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering. The program was established to support the industrial base of Rock County.
The school's athletic teams, known as the Rattlers, participate in three sports: co-ed soccer, men's and women's basketball, and volleyball.
UW-Whitewater at Rock County has an art department that offers classes in drawing, oil painting, and design, a theater area that produces plays and musicals, and a music department that offers classes in music theory, aural skills, and ensemble offerings including two separate choirs, a chamber orchestra, a jazz band, and a concert band.
References
University of Whitewater Fact Book
External links
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater at Rock County website
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater at Rock County
Education in Rock County, Wisconsin
Buildings and structures in Rock County, Wisconsin
Two-year colleges in the United States
Rock County
Rock County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Wisconsin%E2%80%93Whitewater%20at%20Rock%20County |
The Mīqāt Dhu al-Ḥulayfah (), also known as Masjid ash-Shajarah () or Masjid Dhu al-Hulayfah (), is a miqat and mosque in Abyār ʿAlī, Medina, west of Wadi al-'Aqiq, where the final Islamic prophet, Muhammad, entered the state of ihram before performing 'Umrah, after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The mosque is located SW of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi and was defined by Muhammad as the miqat for those willing to perform the Hajj or Umrah pilgrimages from Medina. It is the second-largest miqat mosque after the Miqat Qarn al-Manazil in As-Sayl al-Kabir.
History
Dhu al-Hulayfah was defined as the miqat for the people of Medina by Muhammad in the hadith in Sahih Bukhari, Book 25, Hadith 14, which was narrated by Ibn 'Abbas:"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had fixed Dhul Hulaifa as the Miqat for the people of Medina..."The mosque was first built during the time of Umar II ibn 'Abdulaziz, who was the Umayyad governor of Medina from 706-712 (87-93 AH) and has been renovated several times since, the last major renovation being during the reign of King Fahd (), who increased the area of the mosque by many times its original size and added several modern facilities.
Architecture
The current mosque building was built during the reign of King Fahd. It is in the shape of a square of an area of approximately 6,000 square meters (65,000 ft2) inside a 36,000 m2 (388,000 ft2) square-shaped enclosure. It consists of two sets of galleries separated by a wide yard of approximately 1000 square meters (11,000 ft2). The galleries are shaped as arches ending with long domes. At the center of the mosque is spring of water housed inside a dome. The portion of the enclosure that does not include the mosque, measuring around 20,000 m2 (216,000 ft2), includes multiple restrooms and areas for changing into ihram and performing wudu. Most of the inner area is pathways, galleries and trees. All 13 domes are located on the roof of the mosque, while the 5 minarets are located around the enclosure. One of the mosque's minarets stands distinct from the others, square at the bottom but round at the top in a diagonal shape, rising to a height of . The mosque is built in an Islamic architectural style, with Mamluk and Byzantine influences.
See also
List of mosques in Saudi Arabia
Bayda (land)
References
External links
A gallery with multiple pictures of the mosque can be found here
A short introduction to the features of the mosque can be found here
A 3D virtual tour can be found here
Hajj
Mosque architecture
New Classical architecture
Islamic holy places
Mosques in Medina
Ziyarat
Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil buildings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miqat%20Dhu%20al-Hulayfah |
Marshall Rothstein (born December 25, 1940) is a former Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.
Early life
Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Jewish parents who immigrated from Eastern Europe, he received a Bachelor of Commerce in 1962 and an LL.B. in 1966 from the University of Manitoba. Marshall was the only child. His mother, a school teacher, was Russian and his father, a Pole, a bookkeeper and merchant. They met in Canada and settled in Winnipeg, where Marshall was born during the war years. Marshall's father wanted him to be an actuary, and so Marshall pursued a bachelor's degree in commerce at the University of Manitoba, but in his final year he took a course on commercial law and became fascinated by the law and decided on the law as a career path instead.
Rothstein worked in food service on a passenger train while between semesters at university. The experience of being the lowest-ranked employee while interacting with a variety of people from different backgrounds influenced the development of Rothstein's character such that he screened job applicants and clerkship candidates for life experiences that taught them the value of hard work and character. Asked about it in an interview with Canada's CPAC public affairs station, Rothstein stated: "As lawyers, and as judges, we tend to live in a pretty enclosed world. Most people in the world are out there slogging out very, very difficult physical work - sometimes dangerous work. The experience that I had working in the dining car made me realize that there was a different life out there and that as a lawyer I was going to be lucky that I wasn't going to have to work outside, and in inclement weather, or perhaps in dangerous situations, or for that matter in the dining car. In those days we weren't allowed to sit down, if there was even one customer in the dining car, we had to stand all day with short breaks, and I want to make sure that my law clerks or the people I'm working with have some idea about what that life is about."Upon graduating from the University of Manitoba and passing his bar exams, Rothstein went to work for the firm of Thorvaldson, Eggerston, Saunders and Mauro. Rothstein specialized in transportation law and taught for several years at the University of Manitoba. In 1992, Brian Mulroney appointed him to the Federal Court Trial Division and in 1999 was elevated to the Federal Court of Appeal in Ottawa. In 2006, he was Stephen Harper's appointment to the Supreme Court and became the first justice to have his appointment publicly scrutinized when he appeared before a parliamentary committee.
He was called to the Bar of Manitoba in 1966. Also in 1966, he married Sheila Dorfman, a Montreal doctor. They have four children: Ronald, Douglas, Tracey and Robert.
Career
Marshall Rothstein practiced law primarily in the fields of transportation and competition law and was a partner with the Winnipeg law firm of Aikins, MacAulay & Thorvaldson. From 1970 to 1992, he was a lecturer in transportation law at the University of Manitoba. In 1992, he was appointed to the Federal Court Trial Division, ex officio of the Court of Appeal, and appointed to the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada. In 1999, he was appointed a Judge of the Federal Court of Canada, Appeal Division.
He wrote 578 judgments for the Federal Court and 324 judgments for the Federal Court of Appeal.
In 2017, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston for "his eminent service as a jurist, notably on the Supreme Court of Canada, and for his dedication to legal education."
Supreme Court
Rothstein was one of the candidates (the others being Peter MacKinnon and Constance Hunt) recommended by a committee convened by the outgoing Liberal government to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, following John C. Major's retirement from the bench in early 2006. Prime Minister Stephen Harper chose Rothstein for the Governor General to appoint to the top court.
Rothstein's appointment by the Conservative government was criticized because of his unilingualism. He was the only justice of the Supreme Court who was not bilingual, prior to the 2011 appointment of Justice Michael Moldaver.
Many Canadian conservatives had long been critical of the process of appointing judges to the Supreme Court of Canada, wherein the Prime Minister is the sole advisor of the Governor General in the matter, and though he or she consults legal experts, no input is given from other (especially opposition) politicians. Conservative Leader Stephen Harper had thus made a promise to "reform" the appointment process during previous elections.
Shortly after Prime Minister Harper put Rothstein's name forward, Harper acted on his promise to create an Ad Hoc Committee to Review a Nominee for the Supreme Court of Canada, a new creation intended to allow the nominee to face questioning by members of the Canadian Parliament, similar in spirit to the Senate judicial hearings that occur as part of the Supreme Court appointment process in the United States. The Panel was chaired by constitutional law professor Peter Hogg.
The new procedures replaced a reformed appointment process introduced by the previous Liberal government, but which had not yet been applied.
The panel was controversial. Many conservative critics argued it did not go nearly far enough, while many liberal critics argued it went too far. Harper made it clear that while the ad hoc committee would be able to question the nominee, it did not have the power to veto the nominee – unlike the American panels which had the power to do both. Furthermore, the MPs on the panel were asked to refrain from asking about Rothstein's personal opinions on moral issues or subjects of possible future rulings. One matter relating to Rothstein's judicial philosophy did emerge from the hearings, however. Though his name was drawn from a short list whose compilation had been led by the previous Liberal administration, Rothstein was generally considered to be the most conservative of the three nominees with respect to the role he believed judges play in the political system. The hearing lent support to that view: when asked about his judicial philosophy, Rothstein stated "I'm not sure that I would be comfortable thinking that judges should be advancing the law with a social agenda in mind. It seems to me that the social agenda is the agenda for Parliament and if Parliament wants to advance the law in social terms, that's their job."
Retirement
On April 24, 2015, Rothstein announced his retirement from the Supreme Court, effective August 31, 2015. Following his retirement from the Court he resumed practice at Hunter Litigation Chambers in Vancouver British Columbia. Rothstein is currently a partner in the Tax Litigation group in Osler's Vancouver office.
See also
Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Justice Rothstein
References
External links
Video of confirmation hearing
List of cases decided by Rothstein
Treatment of Rothstein's decisions by SCC
PMO's official announcement
Sam.org
1940 births
Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
Lawyers in Manitoba
University of Manitoba alumni
People from Winnipeg
Canadian King's Counsel
Living people
Judges of the Federal Court of Canada
Robson Hall alumni
Judges of the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada
Companions of the Order of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall%20Rothstein |
David Scott Rozema ( ; born August 5, 1956) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1977 through 1986 for the Detroit Tigers and Texas Rangers. Listed at 6' 4", 185 lb., Rozema batted and threw right-handed.
Early years
Rozema was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1956. He attended Grand Rapids Central High School. In his junior and senior seasons, he was an all-city pitcher for the baseball team, compiling records of 11-3 and 11-5. He was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the 22nd round of the 1974 June amateur draft, but he did not sign with the Giants, instead enrolling at Grand Rapids Community College.
Professional baseball
Minor leagues
In January 1975, Rozema was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the fourth round of the 1975 supplemental draft. He signed with the Tigers on January 22, 1975, and was assigned to the Class A Clinton Pilots managed by Jim Leyland. Rozema began the 1975 season in the bullpen, but impressed Leyland, and was promoted to the starting rotation. He relied principally on his fastball, but learned to throw a slider while with Clinton. He appeared in 27 games for the Pilots, compiling a 14-5 record and a 2.09 earned run average (ERA). In July 1975, he was selected by the Detroit Free Press as the "Tiger of the Future".
In 1976, Rozema was promoted to the Tigers' Double-A Montgomery Rebels. Despite missing two months with an elbow injury, he compiled a 12-4 record with a 1.57 ERA. Montgomery manager Les Moss said of Rozema: "That kid has all the tools. If he keeps pitching like that, he won’t be around here long. He’s an outstanding prospect."
1977 season
Rozema attended the Tigers' 1977 spring camp as a nonroster player, but impressed manager Ralph Houk and made the major league roster without ever having played a game at the Triple-A level. He made his major league debut at age 20 and, 10 days later, threw a four-hit shutout against the Boston Red Sox. Despite missing the last three weeks of the season with a shoulder injury, he finished his rookie season with a 15-7 record and a 3.09 ERA and led the Tigers in wins, ERA, complete games (16), and innings pitched (218), and ranked third in the league in winning percentage (.682), fifth in adjusted ERA+ (138), sixth in strikeout-to-walk ratio (2.71), and eighth in complete games.
He won post-season honors as the American League Rookie Pitcher of the Year and the Tigers' rookie of the year. He also finished fourth in the voting for Rookie of the Year and ninth for the American League Cy Young Award. Rozema formed part of a distinguished group of rookies with the 1977 Tigers that included Jack Morris, Alan Trammell, Lou Whitaker, Lance Parrish and Steve Kemp.
Middle years: 1978-1981
After a promising rookie year, Rozema never won more than nine games in a season. In 1978, he finished with a 9-12 record, 11 complete games and an adjusted ERA+ of 124. In 1979, he again had an above-average adjusted ERA+ of 124, but he started only 16 games and had a record of 4-4. Afterwards, Rozema's ERA fell off to a rate only slightly better than the league average, as he won six games in 1980 and five in 1981.
1982 season and karate kick
Rozema got off to a tremendous start in 1982, compiling a 3-0 record and an ERA of 1.63 (adjusted ERA+ of 248) in his first eight games. In a televised game against the Minnesota Twins on May 14, a bench-clearing brawl erupted after Twins pitchers hit both Chet Lemon and Enos Cabell. Rozema ran from the dugout and attempted to deliver a flying karate kick to the Twins' John Castino, but he missed Castino and tore eight ligaments in his knee. As a result, Rozema had to be carried off the field on a stretcher. He required a knee surgery the next day and was put on the disabled list for the rest of the 1982 season.
In October 2006, Sports Illustrated selected Rozema as one of the "10 Greatest Characters in Detroit Tigers History". His selection was based on (1) the "karate kick" misfire, (2) a subsequent injury the same year in which Rozema fell on a flask in his back pocket and needed 11 stitches in his hip, (3) an incident in which he shoved a bar glass into the face of teammate Alan Trammell resulting in 47 stitches near Trammell's eye, (4) missing a team bus when he overslept after judging a wet T-shirt contest, and (5) using Brillo pads to wash his new car.
On July 9, 2008, the minor league team in Rozema's home town, the West Michigan Whitecaps, gave away an unusual promotional item, "Dave Rozema Karate Kick Bobbleleg" figures.
Later years: 1983-1986
Rozema came back from the injury in 1983 with an 8-3 record and 3.43 ERA in 105 innings pitched. In addition, he played on the 1984 Tigers team that won the World Series. During the regular season, he started 16 games, compiling a 7-6 record with a 3.74 ERA in 101 innings pitched, but did not appear in the post-season.
On December 27, 1984, Rozema signed as a free agent with the Texas Rangers a contract for an estimated total of $500,000 to $600,000. He appeared in 34 games for the Rangers in 1985 (all but four in relief) and had a 4.19 ERA in 88 innings pitched. After compiling a 5.91 ERA at the start of the 1986 season, Rozema was released by the Rangers during the midseason. He then was signed as a free agent by the Chicago White Sox on May 20, 1986, but did not play for them.
In a 10-season career, Rozema posted a 60-53 record with a 3.47 ERA in 248 pitching appearances (132 starts), striking out 448 batters while walking 258 in 1106 innings of work.
Life after major league baseball
In the early 1990s, Rozema pitched for the St. Petersburg Pelicans of the Senior Professional Baseball Association, and with the London Majors of the Intercounty Baseball League based in London, Ontario, Canada.
On December 22, 1985, Rozema and his former teammate Kirk Gibson married sisters, JoAnn and Sandy Sklarski in a double ceremony at Grosse Pointe Memorial Church in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan.
In 2003, Crain's Detroit Business reported that Rozema was working as a salesman for Disposal Management LLC of Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, selling the company's services to waste generators in the Detroit area.
References
External links
, or SABR Biography Project
1956 births
Living people
American people of Dutch descent
Baseball players from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Clinton Pilots players
Detroit Tigers players
London Majors players
Maine Guides players
Major League Baseball pitchers
St. Petersburg Pelicans players
Texas Rangers players
Grand Rapids Community College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Rozema |
The 2006 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2006 season. The 102nd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Detroit Tigers and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Cardinals won the series in five games to win their tenth World Series championship. This was the third World Series meeting between the Tigers and the Cardinals, the first in 38 years. The Cardinals won the first in , and the Tigers won the second in ; each went the full seven games.
It was only the fifth time in 40 years that the Series featured two teams that had both remained in the same city since the formation of the AL in 1901, the last time being the 2004 World Series between St. Louis and the Boston Red Sox. The last three prior to 2004 were in (Boston–Cincinnati), 1968 (Detroit–St. Louis) and (Boston–St. Louis).
The Cardinals, who moved into Busch Stadium III in April, became the fourth team to win the Series in their home stadium's debut season, joining the Pittsburgh Pirates (Forbes Field), Boston Red Sox (Fenway Park) and New York Yankees (Yankee Stadium I). In 2009, they would be joined by the New York Yankees (Yankee Stadium II). With this win, the Cardinals would join the Yankees on becoming only the 2nd team in MLB history to win 10 World Series Championships after defeating the Tigers. It also marked the franchise's first World Championship since . Cardinals manager Tony La Russa, who won the 1989 World Series title with the Athletics, became the second manager in history to lead teams in both leagues to championships, joining Sparky Anderson. Tigers manager Jim Leyland, who won the 1997 World Series title with the Marlins, also could have become the second manager in history to lead teams in both leagues to championships, had the Tigers won the series.
The Cardinals finished the regular season 83–78. This is the second-worst record ever for a league champion (the 1973 New York Mets finished 82–79) and the worst record ever for a World Series champion. Previously the 1987 Minnesota Twins finished 85–77 and defeated that year's Cardinals team in the 1987 World Series.
Background
A pair of battered ballclubs
Since Interleague Play began in 1997, this marked the third time a World Series would be a rematch of the regular season. The Tigers swept the Cardinals in three games at Comerica Park from June 23–25.
Neither team was given much chance to advance far into October by many baseball pundits. Both teams stumbled through the second halves of their seasons. The Tigers, only three years removed from having the most losses in a season by an AL team and enjoying their first successful season after 12 years of futility, surprised the baseball world by building a ten-game lead in the American League Central, but eventually the lead evaporated in the final months and they lost the division to the Minnesota Twins on the last day of the season after being swept by the last-place Kansas City Royals at home, settling for a playoff berth as the AL Wild Card. The Cardinals held a seven-game advantage in the National League Central over the Cincinnati Reds and an -game lead over the Houston Astros with just two weeks to play. However, the combination of a seven-game losing streak by St. Louis and an eight-game winning streak by the Astros (highlighted by a four-game sweep of the Cardinals in Houston) caused the Cardinals' lead to shrink to half a game with only a few games left. However, the Cardinals held on to clinch the division after an Astros' loss to the Atlanta Braves on the last day of the season.
Thus, both the Tigers and Cardinals were clear underdogs in their matches, against the New York Yankees and San Diego Padres, respectively. The Tigers' pitching took care of the vaunted Yankees lineup, and won their series 3–1. The Cardinals also won their series 3–1, including the first two games in San Diego. The Tigers then swept the Oakland Athletics in the ALCS, winning game four on a three-run walk-off home run by Magglio Ordóñez in the bottom of the ninth. The Cardinals won their series against the New York Mets with the help of a ninth-inning home run by Yadier Molina in a tense Game 7.
The Tigers had home-field advantage in the Series, due to the AL's 3–2 win over the NL in the 77th Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 11 at PNC Park in Pittsburgh. These two teams had already played against each other in a three-game series in June 2006, where the Tigers swept the Cardinals 3–0 in Detroit, part of an eight-game Cardinals losing streak. This was the first time since 2000 that teams meeting during the regular season met again in the World Series.
The Series marked the third time in a row that both teams sought to win a championship after at least a 20-year drought. In 2004, the Boston Red Sox ended their 86-year hiatus by defeating the Cardinals; in 2005 the Chicago White Sox ended an 88-year drought by defeating the Houston Astros, who were competing in their first World Series after 43 seasons. The Tigers had not appeared in the World Series since winning it in 1984. The Cardinals last won in 1982, losing three times since then, in 1985, 1987 and 2004.
The Tigers were the eighth wild card team to compete in the World Series since MLB introduced the wild card in 1994. A wild-card team participated in the Series from 2002 to 2007.
Riding the momentum they built up during their surprisingly easy ALDS and ALCS victories, Detroit entered the Series as a prohibitive favorite. Bob Nightengale of USA Today expressed popular sentiment when he said "Tigers in three".
Two veteran managers return to postseason play
St. Louis' manager Tony La Russa joined his mentor, Sparky Anderson, as only the second manager to win the World Series with teams in both leagues. La Russa won in with the Athletics. Coincidentally, Anderson first accomplished the feat by managing Detroit to their previous championship in 1984. He was chosen to throw out the ceremonial first pitch before Game 2. If the Tigers had defeated the Cardinals, Jim Leyland would have joined Anderson for this feat instead of LaRussa as he had already won the 1997 World Series with the Florida Marlins. When he came to St. Louis, La Russa wore number 10 to symbolize the team's drive to their 10th championship and pay tribute to Anderson, who wore number 10 while manager of the Cincinnati Reds. After winning the championship, he chose to continue wearing number 10 to pay tribute to Anderson.
Jim Leyland is the seventh manager to win pennants in both leagues. The previous six are Joe McCarthy (1929 Cubs and the Yankees of 1932, 1936–39 and 1941–43), Yogi Berra (1964 Yankees, 1973 Mets), Alvin Dark (1962 Giants, 1974 A's), Sparky Anderson (1970, 1972, 1975–76 Reds, 1984 Tigers), Dick Williams (1967 Red Sox, 1972–73 A's, 1984 Padres), and Tony La Russa (1988–90 A's, 2004, 2006 Cardinals).
Additionally, the opposing managers are close friends. Leyland was La Russa's third base coach for the Chicago White Sox in the early 1980s. Leyland also served as a Pittsburgh-based advance scout for the Cardinals before he was hired by the Tigers.
This was the first World Series in 22 years to have two previous World Series-winning managers facing each other, but at the helms of new teams. As previously mentioned, Leyland previously won the 1997 World Series with the Florida Marlins, and La Russa won the 1989 World Series with the Oakland Athletics. Overall, it was the first World Series since to have two previous Series-winning managers facing each other.
Summary
†: Game 4 was postponed due to rain on October 25, forcing Game 5 to be subsequently pushed back a day as well.
Matchups
Game 1
Two rookies faced off in Game 1 for the first time in history: Anthony Reyes for St. Louis and Justin Verlander for Detroit. It looked like the Tigers were going to get to Reyes early in the bottom of the first, when Craig Monroe doubled and Magglio Ordóñez walked. Carlos Guillén singled Monroe in, giving the Tigers a 1–0 lead. However, in the top of the second, Scott Rolen hit a long home run to left field, tying the score at 1–1. Rolen was 0-for-15 in his career in the World Series before hitting the home run. The previous mark had been 0-for-13, set by Benny Kauff of the New York Giants in the 1917 World Series. In the third inning the Cards broke through, first when Chris Duncan's RBI double scored Yadier Molina to give the Cardinals the lead. On Verlander's next pitch, 2005 National League MVP Albert Pujols banged a two-run home run, punishing the rookie who elected to pitch to the dangerous Pujols, rather than walk him with first base open and two outs and pitch to Jim Edmonds.
Meanwhile, Anthony Reyes was the story. The pitcher who had the fewest regular season wins of a Game 1 World Series starter (5) at one point retired 17 in a row from the first inning to the sixth inning, a World Series record for a rookie. The previous record was thirteen (John Stuper, STL, 1982, and Dickey Kerr, CHW, 1919). Reyes' final line was eight-plus innings, four hits, two runs, and four strikeouts. The Cards took advantage of Detroit's mistakes again in the sixth, when Brandon Inge made two errors in one play. With runners on second and third, Inge threw to home wild to score a run and then obstructed Scott Rolen, who was running home, to score another run. Craig Monroe hit a home run off Reyes in the bottom of the ninth, which led to Reyes being pulled from the game, as Braden Looper came in to finish the game. The final score was 7–2 Cardinals, marking the first time since 2003 that the National League had won a World Series game, and the first World Series game won by St. Louis since Game 5 of the 1987 World Series.
Game 2
Before the game's start, John Mellencamp and Little Big Town performed "Our Country". With a starting temperature of , controversy surrounded the start of Game 2 when Tigers starting pitcher Kenny Rogers was found to have a substance on a patch of the palm of his pitching hand during the first inning. Although Cardinals hitters claimed that the ball was doing "weird things" in the first inning, Cardinals manager Tony La Russa did not request an inspection of Rogers' hand to determine what the substance was. Rogers claimed it was a combination of dirt and rosin (both legal), but complied with a request from the umpires to wash his hands before the second inning.
Unfazed, Rogers would go on to pitch eight shutout innings while surrendering only two hits, running his postseason streak to 23 straight shutout innings. Craig Monroe hit his second home run in the series, and Carlos Guillén, who was a home run away from the cycle, and Sean Casey each drove in runs to give the Tigers a 3–0 lead going into the ninth. Todd Jones then came into the game to close it out but got into a heavy jam (he had an error which contributed to the jam), with Scott Rolen being driven in by Jim Edmonds before a force-out at second with the bases loaded won the game for the Tigers. Craig Monroe became the fifth player to hit a home run in each of his first two World Series games. The others were Barry Bonds for the Giants in 2002, Ted Simmons for the Brewers in 1982, Dusty Rhodes for the New York Giants in 1954, and Jimmie Foxx for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1929.
St. Louis pitcher Jeff Weaver (the same Yankees pitcher who surrendered the walk-off home run in game 4 of the 2003 World Series) surrendered all three Detroit runs in his five innings of work and took the loss for the Cardinals.
Game 3
After the Cardinals were shut out by Detroit pitcher Kenny Rogers for eight innings in Game 2, St. Louis starter Chris Carpenter answered with eight innings of his own in a 5–0 Cardinals victory in Game 3. Carpenter, making his World Series debut (he missed the entire 2004 World Series due to injury) gave up only three hits, struck out six and did not issue a walk, while throwing only 82 pitches. Only one Tiger reached second base.
St. Louis began the scoring in the fourth inning on a bases-loaded two-run double by center fielder Jim Edmonds off of Nate Robertson. Two more runs would score in the bottom of the seventh on an error by Detroit pitcher Joel Zumaya, who overthrew third baseman Brandon Inge on what should have been a routine force out. St. Louis would add another run in the eighth on a wild pitch.
Reliever Braden Looper would pitch a perfect ninth to close out the game and give St. Louis a two-games-to-one advantage in the Series.
The Cardinals became the first team since the Cincinnati Reds in 1970 to host a World Series game in their first season in a new ballpark.
Game 4
Game 4 was pushed back a day because of rain, the first time a rainout had occurred in the World Series since Game 1 in 1996. The fans from the game were to attend Game 5. (Thus, fans who had tickets for Game 5 went to Game 4 instead.) The Cardinals won, taking a 3–1 series lead. The starters were Jeff Suppan for the Cardinals and Jeremy Bonderman for the Tigers. The Tigers took a 3–0 lead into the top of the third, after Sean Casey had two RBIs, including a home run. The other RBI came from Detroit's Iván Rodríguez, who singled in Carlos Guillén. Rodriguez, who had been hitless in the previous three games, also went 3-for-4. In the bottom of the third, the
Cardinals struck back with a run-scoring double by David Eckstein, scoring Aaron Miles who had the first stolen base of the series by either team. Yadier Molina doubled in Scott Rolen in the fourth to cut the Tiger lead to 3–2. The score remained that way, until the bottom of the seventh, when Eckstein led off with a double over the head of Curtis Granderson, who had slipped on the wet Busch Stadium outfield grass. Eckstein then scored on an attempted sacrifice bunt by So Taguchi that was thrown over the head of second baseman Plácido Polanco, who was covering first by Fernando Rodney, and that tied the score at three. Later that same inning, Preston Wilson hit a single to left with two outs that scored Taguchi from third and Rodney was charged with a blown save. The Tigers tied the game in the top of the eighth on a Brandon Inge double that scored Iván Rodríguez. Adam Wainwright, the winning pitcher, was charged with a blown save but held on to win. In the bottom of the eighth inning, the Cardinals would regain and keep the lead when Miles scored on a double by Eckstein just off the glove of outfielder Craig Monroe, who had been playing shallow and dove for a ball just out of his reach. This gave Joel Zumaya the loss.
Game 5
On a day in which it rained much of the day but stopped early enough so that the lack of a dome did not delay the game, the Cardinals won to clinch the championship four games to one, making this the first five-game series since the Yankees–Mets Series in . The starter for Detroit was game 1 loser Justin Verlander and the Cardinals starter was game 2 loser Jeff Weaver. Weaver got an extra day of rest to avoid pitching on three days rest.
Justin Verlander pitched a sloppy first inning for Detroit, walking three and tying a World Series record for a single inning by throwing two wild pitches. He avoided allowing any runs, however, thanks to a good play by shortstop Carlos Guillén to get the third out on what was almost an infield hit.
The Cardinals took the lead in the second inning on a lead-off single by Yadier Molina followed by two advancing groundouts, and then an infield single by David Eckstein. Detroit third baseman Brandon Inge made a good play to stop the ball off Eckstein's bat, but then made a poor throw to first which got by first baseman Sean Casey and allowed Eckstein to advance to second. The throwing error was the seventh error of the series by the Tigers, also giving them at least one error in every game to that point.
Cardinals pitcher Jeff Weaver (an ex-Tiger) was cruising into the fourth inning, and he appeared to be nowhere near trouble with a lead-off groundout by Guillen, followed by a routine popup by Magglio Ordóñez. This popup turned out to be much more troublesome than it first appeared: right fielder Chris Duncan dropped the ball, apparently distracted by center fielder Jim Edmonds who was also going after the ball. With Ordóñez on via the error, the very next pitch of the game was hit by the hot-hitting Sean Casey into the right-field seats just inside the foul pole for a two-run homer that gave Detroit the lead, 2–1. The Cardinals would threaten immediately in the bottom of the inning, however, with Yadier Molina and So Taguchi each singling to put runners at first and second with one out. Pitcher Jeff Weaver then came up and attempted to bunt the runners over to second and third. The bunt was fielded cleanly by the pitcher Justin Verlander, but he attempted to force out Molina at third. The throw missed third baseman Brandon Inge and the ball went into the left-field foul area. This allowed Molina to score to tie it up, with Taguchi and Weaver arriving safely at third and second. Later, Verlander said "I picked it up and said, Don't throw it away, instead of just throwing it. I got tentative." The throwing error by Verlander was the fifth error by Detroit pitchers in the World Series, having committed one per game, setting a new World Series record. (A placard held by a Cardinals fan in the stands read "HIT IT TO THE PITCHER"). The next batter, David Eckstein, grounded out to score the runner from third, and St. Louis secured their lead, 3–2. Verlander kept Weaver from scoring by retiring Chris Duncan, but the damage was already done.
Chris Duncan misplayed another ball in the top of the sixth for a Sean Casey two-out double, but this time Casey would be stranded as Iván Rodríguez then struck out to end the inning. A David Eckstein single followed by a Preston Wilson walk in the bottom of the seventh put runners at first and second with none out for the heart of the Cardinals order: Pujols, Edmonds, and Rolen. Pujols popped out and Edmonds flied out, so it appeared Detroit might hold the Cardinals to a one-run lead. Instead, Scott Rolen singled and scored Eckstein, doubling the Cardinals lead to 4–2. Fernando Rodney, who gave up the single to Rolen and was charged with the run, managed to retire Ronnie Belliard to end the inning.
Jeff Weaver retired the side in order, and the Cardinals went to the ninth, three outs away from their first World Series title in 24 years. The man called on to get those three outs would be Adam Wainwright, who had won the job of closer after the star free agent brought to St. Louis in 2002, Jason Isringhausen, had season-ending surgery. Detroit's clean-up hitter, Magglio Ordóñez, led off the inning. He proceeded to work a full count but then grounded out. The second batter, Sean Casey, worked a full count and then doubled to bring the tying run to the plate. The third batter, Iván Rodríguez, got ahead in the count 2–0 but grounded back to Wainwright on the next pitch, putting the Cardinals one out away. The fourth batter, Plácido Polanco (who was hitless during the entire series), fell behind 1–2, but then worked a walk to put the tying run on. The fifth batter, Brandon Inge, fell behind 0–2, again putting the Cardinals one strike from a World Series championship. He did not extend the drama any longer, as he swung and missed at the next pitch (making it the first World Series to end on a strikeout since the 1988 World Series), giving the World Series title to the Cardinals. The final play of the 2006 season was made at 10:26pm Central Standard time. After the game, Wainwright, who threw a curveball for strike three to win the pennant and a slider to Inge to win the Series, said "I'll probably never throw another curve or slider again without thinking of those two pitches."
Composite line score
2006 World Series (4–1): St. Louis Cardinals (N.L.) over Detroit Tigers (A.L.)
Broadcasting
The World Series was televised in the United States by Fox, with Joe Buck and Tim McCarver as the booth announcers. The starting time for each television broadcast was 8:00 pm EDT/7:00 pm CDT.
On radio, the Series was broadcast nationally by ESPN Radio, with Jon Miller and Joe Morgan announcing. Locally, Dan Dickerson and Jim Price called the Series for the Tigers on WXYT-AM in Detroit (with retired longtime Tiger announcer Ernie Harwell returning to call the second inning of Game 1), while Mike Shannon and John Rooney called it for the Cardinals on KTRS-AM in St. Louis. Per contractual obligation, the non-flagship stations on the teams' radio networks carried the ESPN Radio broadcasts.
John Rooney had broadcast the 2005 World Series for the Chicago White Sox, and thus became the first announcer to call back-to-back World Series championships as an employee of different teams.
Fox aired commercials supporting and opposing the Missouri Constitutional Amendment during the game.
Ratings
The ratings for the 2006 World Series were considered alarmingly poor at the time. The ratings for games 1, 3 and 4 were the lowest rated games 1, 3, and 4 in World Series history. Game 1, at 8.0, particularly set the record for lowest rated World-Series game of all-time (the 9.4 rating in Game 1 of the 2002 World Series was the prior lowest). The series overall averaged 10.1, sinking below the 11.1 of the 2005 World Series to become the lowest-rated World Series of all time.
However, those numbers look differently today, considering the performances of many of the World Series following 2006. The 10.1 overall rating is now the 8th lowest rated World Series (behind 2012, 2014, 2010, 2008, 2015, 2011, and 2013), and game 1's 8.0 is now the 15th lowest rated game all-time (behind, among others, five games from the 2014 Series). Since 2006, four series (2007, 2009, 2016, and 2017) have outdone the 2006 World Series' ratings.
Aftermath
Neither team made the playoffs the next season. The Tigers finished with 88 wins, eight behind the division champion Cleveland Indians in the AL Central, while the Cardinals finished with 78 wins, seven behind the division champion Chicago Cubs in the NL Central. The 2007 Cardinals were the last defending World Series champion to finish with a losing record and miss the playoffs the next season until the San Francisco Giants followed up their 2012 championship season with a 76–86 record in 2013. Cardinals owner Bill DeWitt Jr. became enamored of a data-driven analytics and fired long-time general manager Walt Jocketty a day after the 2007 season ended.
The Tigers would not make the playoffs again until 2011, when they won the AL Central title for the first time with their last division title being the 1987 AL East crown. The Tigers would win the AL Central in 2012 again and would return to the World Series in 2012 after winning the 2012 American League pennant where they would be swept by the San Francisco Giants in four games. The Cardinals would later make the playoffs in 2009, when the NL Central champions were swept by the NL West champion Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2009 NLDS. The Cardinals also made it to the playoffs as the Wild Card entry in 2011, winning the 2011 National League pennant and going on to beat the Texas Rangers in the 2011 World Series, but failing to defend that title in the 2012 NLCS, losing to the Giants in seven games.
Chris Carpenter, Yadier Molina and Albert Pujols were the only Cardinals to play in both the 2006 and 2011 World Series. Even though Skip Schumaker played a portion of the 2006 season with the Cardinals, he failed to make the postseason roster; however, he later won a World Series with the 2011 Cardinals. Adam Wainwright won a World Series with the 2006 Cardinals, but missed the entire 2011 championship season due to injury.
Of the Tigers who played in the 2006 World Series (excluding previous World Series winners such as Iván Rodríguez and Kenny Rogers), only Fernando Rodney and Justin Verlander later won a championship ring with other teams: Verlander as a member of both the and Houston Astros, and Rodney as a member of the Washington Nationals, whose team defeated Verlander's Astros.
In 2022, Adam Wainwright and Yadier Molina, who were the battery that closed out the World Series, broke the record for most games started by a starting pitcher and catcher.
See also
2006 Asia Series
2006 Japan Series
Notes
External links
"Fan Appreciation", by Thomas Boswell, Washington Post, October 28, 2006
"Redbirds were better than their numbers and "Last chance at the bandwagon", SI.com
"Cardinals are improbable champions", ESPN.com
"This win is for all Cardinals and their fans", Bernie Miklasz, and "It's OK to say it out loud now, Cardinals fans", Bryan Burwell, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
"Parity argument has two sides" and "Good-when-it-counted Cardinals capture biggest prize", USAToday
"We Have Sought Bliss, And We Have Found It", Deadspin.com
"They're the Best (So Deal With It), Tom Verducci, Sports Illustrated
World Series
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St. Louis Cardinals postseason
Detroit Tigers postseason
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Baseball competitions in Detroit
Baseball competitions in St. Louis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20World%20Series |
Ebenezer Pettigrew (March 10, 1783 – July 8, 1848) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina. He was born near Plymouth, North Carolina, March 10, 1783. He studied under tutors at home and later attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he was a charter member of the Debating Society, which became the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. He was a planter slaveholder, and later became a member of the State senate in 1809 and 1810. He was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837), afterwards resuming his agricultural pursuits. He was also a slave owner. He died at Magnolia Plantation on Lake Scuppernong, July 8, 1848, and was interred in the family cemetery.
He was the father of Confederate General J. Johnston Pettigrew.
References
Bibliography
Twenty-fourth United States Congress
Wall, Bennett H. “Ebenezer Pettigrew’s Efforts to Control the Marketing of his Crops.” Agricultural History 27 (October 1953): 123–32.
U.S. Congress Biographical Directory
Pettigrew Family Papers (#592), in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
1783 births
1848 deaths
National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
19th-century American politicians
People from Plymouth, North Carolina
American slave owners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer%20Pettigrew |
The Art Institutes International Minnesota was a for-profit college in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was part of The Art Institutes, a system of proprietary colleges focusing on creative industries. The Art Institutes International Minnesota offered certificate, associate, and bachelor's degrees and at one time had an enrollment of over 2,000 students. On June 10, 2016, it was announced that the school would stop enrolling students into its programs effective immediately, closing its doors in July of 2019 with the graduation of its final class.
History
Located in downtown Minneapolis, The Art Institutes International Minnesota ostensibly prepared students for careers in the visual and practical arts. The Art Institutes International Minnesota was founded in 1964 by Petrena Lowthian establishing what was to become Lowthian College.
In 1981, Lowthian College was authorized to award the Associate in Applied Science degree. The Art Institutes acquired the College in early 1997.
Former presidents include:
1997 – 2001: Glenn Johannesen
2002-2004: Dr. Alan Stutts
2004-2006: Larry Horn
2006-2008: Joseph Marzano
2008-2010: William A. Johnson
2010 – 2012: Dr. Jeffrey Allen
References
Art schools in Minnesota
Culture of Minneapolis
Universities and colleges in Minneapolis
Minnesota
Educational institutions established in 1964
1964 establishments in Minnesota
Educational institutions disestablished in 2019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Institutes%20International%20Minnesota |
Joseph Shaw (23 June 1928 – 18 November 2007) was an English footballer who played for Sheffield United between 1945 and 1966. He also worked as a manager, being in charge of York City from 1967 to 1968 and Chesterfield from 1973 to 1976.
Career
Shaw made 714 appearances for Sheffield United in all competitions, including 632 in the League and 53 FA Cup ties, all three being club records. Shaw was a former Durham County schoolboy who joined United from Upton Colliery as an inside-forward and later successfully converted into a half back.
He played for United in two wartime fixtures in the Football League North during the 1944–45 season. The first game was a 3–1 victory over Huddersfield Town on 2 April 1945 when Shaw was just 16 years and 285 days old.
His League debut came in a Division One game against Liverpool on 30 August 1948, with United severely short of players, as a left-back. United lost 2–1, mainly against 10 men. Shaw was off the field with a bleeding nose when the first went in after around 21 minutes, missing a quarter of an hour of the first half and the majority of the second.
In the next few years he played at wing half and right half, but after two heavy defeats in season 1954–55, Reg Freeman decided to select him at centre half. He was described as hard-working, the pivot of United's "double banking" defensive system, where his lack of height never let him down owing to his superb anticipation and ability to read the game.
He was so successful that he was selected for the position for the Football League XI although the England cap that many thought he deserved was never awarded. In 1951, he also toured Australia with a Football Association team.
His 600th League appearance came on 6 February 1965 in a 2–1 victory over West Ham United and his last game was against the same team on 19 February 1966. He had three spells as team captain, 1954–1956, 1957 and 1964–1965.
He died at the age of 79 on 18 November 2007 in Sheffield. In 2010, a statue of Shaw was erected at the Bramall Lane home of Sheffield United, to commemorate his service to the club.
Career statistics
Managerial statistics
References
External links
1928 births
2007 deaths
People from Murton, County Durham
Footballers from County Durham
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Upton Colliery F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
English Football League players
English Football League representative players
English football managers
York City F.C. managers
Chesterfield F.C. managers
English Football League managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Shaw%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201928%29 |
The 52nd British Academy Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts on 11 April 1999, honoured the best in film for 1998.
Shakespeare in Love won the award for Best Film (and previously won the Academy Award for Best Picture) and three other awards. Elizabeth was voted Outstanding British Film. Both Cate Blanchett and Judi Dench won awards for their portrayals of Queen Elizabeth I, while Geoffrey Rush won the award for Best Supporting Actor. Italian actor Roberto Benigni won the award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in Life Is Beautiful; he previously won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Peter Weir, director of The Truman Show, won for his direction.
The nominations were announced on 1 March 1999. Elizabethan films received an overall total of twenty-eight nominations, winning nine. The ceremony took place in the Business Design Centre in Islington, London and was hosted by Jonathan Ross.
Winners and nominees
Statistics
See also
71st Academy Awards
24th César Awards
4th Critics' Choice Awards
51st Directors Guild of America Awards
12th European Film Awards
56th Golden Globe Awards
10th Golden Laurel Awards
19th Golden Raspberry Awards
3rd Golden Satellite Awards
13th Goya Awards
14th Independent Spirit Awards
4th Lumières Awards
25th Saturn Awards
5th Screen Actors Guild Awards
51st Writers Guild of America Awards
References
External links
Film in 1999 at BAFTA
BAFTA Awards (1999) at IMDb
And the Bafta winners are... at BBC News
1998 awards in the United Kingdom
052
British Academy Film Awards
British Academy Film Awards
British Academy Film Awards
British Academy Film Awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd%20British%20Academy%20Film%20Awards |
Jaja Anucha Ndubuisi Wachuku (1 January 1918 – 7 November 1996) was a Pan-Africanist and a Nigerian statesman, lawyer, politician, diplomat and humanitarian. He was the first Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives; as well as the first Nigerian Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Also, Wachuku was the first Nigerian Minister for Foreign Affairs. Notably, Wachuku was a Royal Prince of Ngwaland, "descendant of 20 generations of African chiefs in the Igbo country of Eastern Nigeria".
Wachuku, who was "widely respected" as Foreign Affairs Minister of Nigeria intervened with the South African government and helped save Nelson Mandela and others from the death penalty at the 1963–64 Rivonia Trial. In his 1962 diary, from Lagos: Nigeria, Nelson Mandela wrote: "Friday 18 May 1962: 1pm: We meet Mr Jaja Wachuku and his staff and have a profitable discussion. Saturday 19 May 1962: We have lunch with Jaja Wachuku."
On Thursday 30 September 2010, President Goodluck Jonathan of Nigeria conferred on Wachuku a posthumous special Golden Jubilee Independence Anniversary Award for his outstanding contributions towards the development of Nigeria. Also, for the 1 January 2014 100-year anniversary of Nigeria, having been nominated for exceptional recognition by the Presidential Committee on the Centenary Celebrations, Wachuku was, on Friday 28 February 2014, honoured as a Hero of the Struggle for Nigeria's Independence from Great Britain and a Pioneer Political Leader by President Goodluck Jonathan.
On Friday 6 March 2020, Ireland's Trinity College Dublin honoured Wachuku with a prominent portrait placed within the university's Historical Society; where Wachuku graduated in 1944 with first class honours degree in Legal Sciences; and was a member of College Historical Society.
Biography
Family
Jaja Anucha Wachuku's father, King Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku, was the Eze, Paramount Chief, Servant Leader and Head of all Ngwa of the then Aba Division of Eastern Nigeria. Jaja's mother, Queen Rebecca Ngwanchiwa Wachuku (née Nwaogwugwu), was a pioneer women's rights advocate and humane royal land-owner.
His apical ancestor Mgbawa had moved from Umulolo, Eziama Ntigha, in Nigeria's present-day Abia State, in about the last quarter of the 17th century to settle in their present Nbawsi homeland. His paternal grandfather Wachuku Ogbaraegbe, a distinguished statesman and Merchant Prince, was involved in the palm oil trade of that time with King Jaja of Opobo. It was in memory of the friendship, partnership and association of the Wachuku family with King Jaja of Opobo that he was named Jaja. His second name, Anucha, in full in the Igbo language, is Anucha mba agaa n'ama ha, meaning "after celebrating victory over a people, you parade through their town or village main square."
Early education
For his primary education, Wachuku attended Infant School at St. Georges NDP Umuomainta, Nbawsi, Abia State. He was school band leader and prefect at Government School Afikpo, Ebonyi State. He left there in 1930, having come first in the whole of Ogoja Province in the First School Leaving Certificate Examination. This first position got him an automatic scholarship for his secondary school education at Government College Umuahia, Abia State, from 1931 to 1936. Wachuku was a House Prefect. He played tennis and cricket, and was in the first eleven of the college's football team: Also, Wachuku acquired vocational skills in carpentry, farming and metal works at Government College Umuahia.
From 1936 to 1937, Wachuku was on scholarship to Yaba Higher College, Lagos. He was withdrawn from Yaba by his father Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku and sent to Gold Coast People's College, Adidome. From there, he went to New Africa University College, Anloga, in preparation for further studies abroad. While at New Africa University College, he won a Foundation Scholarship and also won the First National Prize for the Gold Coast (now Ghana) in the World Essay Competition offered by the New History Society of New York (led by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab), on the subject: "How Can the People of the World Achieve Universal Disarmament?" From New Africa University College, Wachuku left for the University of Dublin's Trinity College in Ireland.
Dublin years
Wachuku was the first African medallist, laureate in Oratory of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. He matriculated at Trinity College in 1939, and was, in 1941, elected Executive Member of the College Historical Society. Wachuku represented University of Dublin during the 1943 Inter-University Debate held at University of Durham. He was called to the Irish bar association – Kings Inn – in November 1944. He was fully involved in Nigeria's constitutional conferences and struggle for independence from Great Britain. Wachuku practised law in Dublin for three years, before returning to Nigeria in 1947. He graduated first-class BA legal science and was LL.B Prizeman in Roman Law, Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. He was also a research fellow at the Department of International Law, Trinity College Dublin – with the topic: "The Juristic Status of Protectorates in International Law." From 1947 to 1996, Wachuku served as barrister and solicitor of The Supreme Court of Nigeria. He also practised at the West African Court of Appeal.
While in Dublin, Wachuku was an executive member of the Student Christian Movement (SCM). He lectured on various subjects at the SCM Summer Schools in Great Britain and Ireland; and delivered the last seven lectures at Swanwick, Hampshire, on the subject: "Africa in the Post-War World." From 1939 to 1943, Wachuku was secretary of the Association of Students of African Descent (ASAD) in Ireland. 1944 saw him elected president of the ASAD. In 1945, he represented ASAD at the fifth Pan-African Congress held in Manchester, UK; the event was partly organised by Kwame Nkrumah and attended by names such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Jomo Kenyatta and Hastings Banda to name just a few.
From 1943 to 1945, Wachuku was founder, organiser and secretary of the Dublin International Club. He was president of the club from 1945 to 1947 and resigned when he returned to Nigeria in 1947 to fight for an end to colonial rule and independence of Nigeria from Great Britain. In 1947 also, Wachuku was, for six weeks, Legal and Constitutional Adviser to the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) Pan-Nigeria Delegation that went to London to press for constitutional reforms in Nigeria. He was awarded LL.D (Honoris Causa) by Trinity College Dublin.
Return to Nigeria and politics
Wachuku returned to Nigeria in 1947, travelling in the same ship with Nnamdi Azikiwe; and was present at Takoradi, Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) when Azikiwe spoke to Joseph B. Danquah, leader of the United Gold Coast Convention – concerning the organizational ability of Kwame Nkrumah. Azikiwe then urged Joseph B. Danquah to invite Nkrumah back home from England. In the same year of his return to Nigeria, Wachuku joined the NCNC, and was elected the Party's Legal Adviser and Member of the National Executive Committee. He soon got involved in the nationalist agitation of that period and was a favoured lecturer at the Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos. There, in one of his lectures, Wachuku provoked national controversy when he declared Lagos a "no-man's land" – meaning that it was an all-Nigerian city – wherein all Nigerians were entitled to equal rights. Among other responsibilities, Wachuku was Principal Secretary of the Igbo State Union from 1948 to 1952. In 1949, he founded a radical youth movement, the New Africa Party, and affiliated it to the NCNC in 1950. NCNC was later called: National Council of Nigerian Citizens. Concerning Wachuku's New Africa Party, in a letter from London, dated 29 May 1951, sent to W. E. B. Du Bois, and later included in The Correspondence of W. E. B. Du Bois, George Padmore said:
"Enclosed are a few clippings from West Africa. You will no doubt remember Jaja Wachuku who was a delegate to the Fifth Pan-African Congress. He has recently started a Pan-African Party in Nigeria to spread the ideas of which you are the worthy father...."
Wachuku was co-founder and original shareholder, with Nnamdi Azikiwe, of the African Continental Bank (ACB), and first regional director of the bank, from 1948 to 1952. As ACB Director, he facilitated the opening of branches in Aba, Calabar, Port Harcourt and Enugu. Wachuku started his political career from the grassroots. In 1948, he was first nominated village councillor and later to the Nsulu Group Council. From 1949 to 1952, he was a Member of the Ngwa Native Authority, Okpuala Ngwa. In 1951, he entered regional politics and was elected Second Member for Aba Division in the Eastern Nigeria House of Assembly. From 1952 to 1953, Wachuku was elected Deputy Leader of the NCNC and Chairman of the Parliamentary Party when there was crisis in Nigeria's Eastern Region – resulting in the dissolution of the Eastern House of Assembly. Also, from 1952 to 1953, he was Chairman of the Eastern Regional Scholarship Board and Member of the Finance Committee in the House of Representatives of Nigeria. Wachuku went to the 1953 Constitutional Conference in London as Alternate Delegate and Adviser to the Nigerian Independence Party (NIP) – a break-away faction that was formed following the NCNC crisis of 1953.
In 1954, Wachuku lost the Eastern Regional election and ceased to be a member of the House of Representatives. Later on in 1954, when the principle of direct election to the House of Representatives was introduced, he was re-elected first member for the Aba Division in the House of Representatives; as well as member of United Nigeria Independence Party – amalgamation of NIP and another party. In 1957, Wachuku became Deputy Leader of opposition when he joined the NCNC. From 1957 to 1959, he was a board member of the Electricity Corporation of Nigeria. Also, in 1957, for the following three years, he was appointed member of the Local Education Authority and chairman of the board of Education in the Eastern Region of Nigeria. During the same period, Wachuku was also Chairman of Aba Divisional Committee of the NCNC.
Accordingly, in 1957, Wachuku was the Leader of the Nigerian Federation Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Meeting held in India, Pakistan and Ceylon, now Sri Lanka. He also represented Nigeria in Liberia during the opening of the New Parliament Building in Monrovia. From 1958 to 1959, Wachuku was chairman of the Business Committee in the House of Representatives of Nigeria. He was also a member of the Parliamentary Committee on the Nigerianization of the Federal Civil Service. He wrote the committee's Report assisted by Michael O. Ani. In 1959, Wachuku was re-elected into the House of Representatives from Aba Division; and was, subsequently, elected the first indigenous Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives.
Marriage
In 1951, Wachuku married fellow Nigerian: Rhoda Idu Oona Onumonu (1920–1994). She fondly called her husband "Anucha." She attended primary school in Oguta, Imo State; and, later, went to Women Training College, Umuahia; as well as Achimota College, Gold Coast (Ghana). Also, she studied at Glasgow and West of Scotland College of Domestic Science.
Wachuku and Rhoda had five children, namely: Chinedum, Nwabueze (married to Professor Chuka Nwokolo and now Mrs. Nwabueze Nwokolo), Ndubuisi (married to Ukachi, née Offurum), Emenuwa (married to Ijeoma, née Ekwulugo) and Idu. Also, after the devastating Nigerian–Biafran civil war, Wachuku adopted numerous orphans, including: John Ochiabuto, James Ikechukwu, Nwaobilor, Ebere, Nkemdilim, Sylvia Amama, Efuru, etc.
First Speaker of the House
From 1959 to 1960, Wachuku was the first indigenous Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria. Wachuku replaced Sir Frederic Metcalfe of Great Britain, who was Speaker of the House from 1955 to 1959; and during Wachuku's Speakership, "State Opening of Parliament" was "on October 3, 1960, by her Majesty’s Special Representative, Princess Alexandra of Kent." Notably, as First Speaker of the House, Wachuku received Nigeria's Instrument of Independence – also known as Freedom Charter, on Saturday 1 October 1960 from Princess Alexandra of Kent – Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain's representative at the Nigerian Independence ceremonies. On a 1960 United States tour as the House of Representatives Speaker, Wachuku was honoured and presented with the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Blue Seal and Key to the City of Atlanta, Georgia. As Speaker of the House; and subsequently, Wachuku, during the civil rights movement, unwaveringly supported African Americans plus all Americans and humankind of goodwill who saw the humane, enriching need for true and respectful racial equality.
Notably, It was during this period and during his years as First Nigerian Foreign Affairs Minister that Wachuku forged the reputed friendship that he had with three Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He was also good friends with Sam Rayburn: 48th, 50th and 52nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Adlai Stevenson, Martin Luther King Jr., Marian Anderson, Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, Henry Ford II, Israel's Golda Meir, Nikita Khrushchev, plus numerous leaders and people around the world.
First Ambassador to the United Nations
Notably, Time magazine described him as "Nigeria's dynamic U.N. Ambassador" – stating that because of his worthy, very lively and enthusiastic diplomatic style with a lot of energy, wisdom and determination: "Nigeria, less than two months after winning its independence, is on its way to becoming one of the major forces in Africa."
From 1960 to 1961, Wachuku served as first Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Nations in New York, as well as Federal Minister for Economic Development. He hoisted Nigeria's flag as the 99th member of the United Nations on 7 October 1960. Accordingly, Wachuku was instrumental to Nigeria becoming the 58th Member State of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on Monday 14 November 1960. Also, as First Ambassador of Nigeria to the United Nations, Wachuku represented the country at the independence celebrations of Tanganyika – now known as United Republic of Tanzania. At the United Nations, with support from UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld, the member nations elected Wachuku the first African to chair a United Nations Conciliation Commission, making him Chairman of the Conciliation Commission for the Congo from January to March 1961. Initial proposal and nomination of Wachuku to be mediator in Congo came from Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium, to which "Wachuku responded favorably on condition that U Thant, Cyrille Adoula and Moïse Tshombe agree."
Following a cabinet reshuffle at Nigeria's independence, Wachuku was appointed Minister of Economic Development and Member of the First Nigerian Delegation on the admission of Nigeria to the United Nations. On the eve of his departure from New York, the Prime Minister Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa invited Wachuku to his hotel suite and told him that he was leaving him behind as Leader of the Delegation and Ambassador plus Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Nations. Wachuku protested to Prime Minister Balewa – saying that he did not join the Delegation with the intention of staying in New York, and that he told his wife, Rhoda, that he would be away for only one week. Balewa replied: "Never mind, I will tell her when I arrive Lagos."
At the United Nations, he soon stood out in service to humankind, including a speech to the General Assembly which national and international media commended for his lambasting of the Eastern and Western Blocs for not ending their differences and quarrels when he stated: "I am losing confidence in the great powers. They are climbing from the pedestal of greatness to the pedestal of insanity. We expect leadership from them; they give us destruction. We expect wisdom from them; they give us lack of knowledge...."
Under Wachuku's leadership at the United Nations, both the Nigerian Army and the Nigerian Police Force made their début with the UN peacekeeping effort. During his time at the United Nations, Nigeria's Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi was appointed Commander of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in the Congo. Also, the first Nigerian Permanent Secretary, Mr. Francis Nwokedi, was retained by the United Nations to help in the reorganisation of the Civil Service in the Congo. Wachuku also secured the appointment of the first African Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations – Nigeria's Godfrey K. J. Amachree – who became UN Under Secretary-General for Trusteeship and Non-Self-Governing Territories.
Nigeria's first Minister for Foreign Affairs
In 1961, Wachuku was appointed as Nigeria's inaugural Minister of Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations. Wachuku served in the role until 1965. Prior to Wachuku's tenure, Prime Minister Balewa doubled as the country's foreign affairs advocate.
Concerning Wachuku becoming Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, the last colonial Governor-General of Nigeria, Sir James Wilson Robertson, sent a report to Iain Macleod, UK Secretary of State for the Colonies, stating:
On 14 July 1962, Wachuku was decorated with the insignia of the Commander of the Order of the Niger Republic, in recognition of "services to the People of the Republic of Niger" by President Hamani Diori. As Foreign Affairs Minister, Wachuku organised the Afro/Asian group of States and worked to get Liberia voted into the United Nations Security Council, and Ethiopia into the UN Economic and Social Council. He also worked towards the amendment of the United Nations Charter – increasing the Security Council from eleven to fifteen – taking into account African nations.
It was concerning this period in Nigeria's history that Ambassador Owen W. Roberts, United States' 1964 to 1965 Political Officer in Lagos, said:
"Nigerians, whatever their tribe, are a very strong, very assertive group. Foreign Minister Jaja Wachuku was a surprise for many American diplomats because he considered himself as having a status equivalent to the British, French, German, or Russian Ministers. Wachuku demanded that much attention and respect. The Nigerians were, and have been, very independent. Senior U.S. echelons weren't used to dealing with Africans as assertive and as strong minded as the Nigerians were. I found this nice because the Nigerians were absolutely always open with you, and would hit you over the head with whatever the problem was. They were entitled to respect and helped gain it for Africans. Ambassador Matthews was not the kind of person to go in and tell Prime Minister Balewa or Foreign Minister Jaja Wachuku how to do things...."
Wachuku as Foreign Affairs Minister of Nigeria preferred quiet diplomacy, especially with the two major Anglo-American powers: Great Britain and the United States – in search of solutions to continental and international problems. For example, there was a lot of hue and cry as a result of the Rivonia Trial in South Africa in 1963 following the arrest of Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Denis Goldberg, Raymond Mhlaba, Andrew Mlangeni, Lionel Bernstein and others. They and Nelson Mandela, who was serving term on his 1962 conviction, were charged with "sabotage and ... conspiracy to overthrow the Government by revolution and by assisting an armed invasion of South Africa by foreign troops." These charges were treasonable and carried the death penalty. Wachuku quietly invited Lord Head, the British High Commissioner in Lagos and also United States' Ambassador Joseph Palmer II – and strongly urged them to intercede with their governments to prevail on the apartheid regime in South Africa – not to impose the death penalty on Nelson Mandela and others. Wachuku employed the same quiet consultation on the matter with US Secretary of State Dean Rusk and British Foreign Secretary Lord Home. Subsequently, Lionel Bernstein was acquitted and Mandela and the rest were given life imprisonment terms.
Humane and successful diplomatic efforts by Wachuku to save Mandela and others from death penalty at the Rivonia Trial were given more light by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Henry Brandis Professor of Law Emeritus: Kenneth S. Broun, in his published book: Saving Nelson Mandela: The Rivonia Trial and the Fate of South Africa . Professor Broun points out that Sir Hugh Stephenson: United Kingdom's Ambassador to South Africa met with Foreign Minister Hilgard Muller of South Africa with regard to "the Wachuku request" that Mandela and others must not be sentenced to death. When Stephenson mentioned Wachuku's stand to Muller, Muller responded by saying that Wachuku's position was "very interesting." Muller went on to say that the South African government had utmost respect for Wachuku and that at the United Nations General Assembly, Wachuku had made a oneness-of-humankind, "helpful speech" wherein Wachuku stated that "white people were also Africans." Afterwards, Stephenson reported to the British government and Wachuku that his impression was that "death sentences would not be carried out" on Nelson Mandela and others based on the request by Wachuku.
Wachuku, like Hegel's historical individual, had the capacity to stand outside the confines of his time, place and intuiting history. He sought his vindication in historical reality. The Right Honourable Prime Minister Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa recognised and appreciated Wachuku's outstanding essence; and used to tell him that he was ten or more years ahead of his Government cabinet colleagues. Wachuku's uncanny historical intuition was evident from the start when, in 1947, he proclaimed Lagos an All-Nigerian city – long before that city became a federal territory. Wachuku also foresaw the danger of recognising military coup as a way to change government. In Ethiopia, he strongly refused to accord recognition to the Nicolas Grunitzky Government in Togo after 13 January 1963 first coup in that country. Wachuku believed that if that first African coup by the Togolese army was recognised as a way to change government, then, coup-making would spread in Africa.
In Addis Ababa, during the Inaugural Conference of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia sat Wachuku down in the presence of Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa and begged Balewa to plead with Wachuku to accept that the Togolese government be admitted to take part in that first OAU Conference. Wachuku jokingly reminded Emperor Haile Selassie and Prime Minister Balewa that, as Foreign Minister, he was only number three in the Nigerian Government, and that coup plotters go for numbers one and two – President or Head of State and Prime Minister. Wachuku added that by the time coup makers got to number three, he would be resting in his village.
At the end, Wachuku refused to change his diplomatic position of not allowing Togo to participate because the Togolese Government came to power by coup. Therefore, Togo became the only independent African country that was not represented at the Inaugural Conference of the OAU. History has already told us whether Wachuku was right or wrong. Even Kwame Nkrumah who was one of the most vocal supporters of the Togolese government of coup makers, later fell victim of the coup contagion. As for Wachuku, he had resigned from the Nigerian parliament and government at midday of 14 January 1966 – twelve hours before the first Nigerian military coup of 15 January 1966 led by Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu.
In a public lecture titled "Nigeria: The Blackman's Burden", delivered on 24 February 2005 at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs to mark the 28th Anniversary of the Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture and the 2005 Black History Month, it was also concerning Wachuku at the founding period in Nigeria's Foreign Policy that Professor Bolaji Akinyemi (1985 to 1987 Nigerian External Affairs Minister) said:
As Foreign Affairs Minister, Wachuku attended the third annual conference of the American Society of African Culture (AMSAC), held in Philadelphia in 1960. Concerning Wachuku's impact at that AMSAC conference, historian Michael Crowder later wrote:
Aviation minister and 1966 coup
Subsequently, from 1965 to midday 14 January 1966, Wachuku was Nigeria's Minister of Aviation. With most of the aviation laws in Nigeria bearing his signature, Wachuku initiated training programmes for Nigeria's first crop of Flight and Ground Officers. The Aviation Training Centre, Zaria was established during his tenure.
Notably, Wachuku's visionary and upright zeal, however, did not go well with his party, the NCNC – a party which saw Mr. A. K. Blankson, Nigeria Airways Board chairman and also the party's Central Working Committee chairman, as representing NCNC's interest in the spoils system. From the Chairmanship of the Nigeria Airways Board, Wachuku fired and removed Blankson who felt himself beyond ministerial control. His party, the NCNC demanded the reinstatement of Blankson – otherwise the party would withdraw its Ministers from the coalition government. Thus, Nigeria was faced with a potential crisis which would have compounded the already grave state of emergency in the country.
The Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, pleaded with Wachuku to reinstate the Nigeria Airways Board chairman and accept another ministry. Wachuku refused. Balewa even asked his wife Rhoda Idu Jaja Wachuku to plead with him, yet he refused and tendered his resignation from Parliament and as an Executive Member of Government midday 14 January 1966. Balewa was yet to accept Wachuku's resignation when the army struck by mid-night; barely 12 hours later – thus ushering in the era of military coups in Nigeria. Wachuku's official residence, at 7, Okotie-Eboh Street Ikoyi, Lagos, was surrounded by soldiers. His younger brother: Kennedy Madu Wachuku, father of Ugonna Wachuku was with him that day, Wachuku looked through the window in the early hours of the morning and asked the soldiers: "What are you boys doing here?" One of the soldiers replied: "Good morning, Sir. But haven't you heard what is happening in the country?" To which Wachuku replied: "Yes. I know you boys have taken over the Government." And the soldier said: "Do not be afraid, Sir. We have come to protect you for being an honest Government Minister." Wachuku survived the military coup.
Civil war in Nigeria
Wachuku retired to his home town, first to Aba and subsequently to Nbawsi, his village when Aba fell during the Nigerian – Biafran war that lasted from July 1967 to January 1970. During the Biafran war, he participated in the struggle of his Igbo people for freedom and justice against a country that had rejected them by not protecting them from genocide and brutality by its marauding soldiers and citizens. Later, during the war, Wachuku fell out with the Government of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu because he spoke out against the recruitment of child soldiers. He was arrested and detained by the Ojukwu Government. And was, at the end of the Biafran war released by a young Nigerian Army Officer called Theophilus Danjuma.
The Nigerian soldiers were shocked and dismayed that their first Speaker of the House of Representatives, first Ambassador to the United Nations and first Foreign Affairs Minister was in detention for exercising his freedom of speech and fundamental human rights. So, Theophilus Danjuma and his military battalion gave Wachuku adequate protection and security. Wachuku was escorted home by Nigerian soldiers. And he managed to prevent the looting and destruction of his amazing, vast library located at his country home in Nbawsi Abia State. Wachuku's library was described as the biggest one man library in West Africa by regional and national media. Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa used to call Wachuku the most "Bookish Minister".
After the Biafran war, Wachuku was involved in Community development affairs while practising his law profession. From 1970 to 1978, he served as Chairman of Nbawsi and Umuomainta Town Council, and also chairman Nsulu Community Council. He was also a Founding Member of the Movement for the creation of Imo State, and leader, until his death, of the Movement for the creation of Aba State.
Second Republic politics
During Nigeria's second republic (1979 to 1984), Wachuku was, on the platform of the Nigerian Peoples Party (NPP), twice (1978 and 1983) elected Senator representing Aba Senatorial Zone of Africa's most populous country. At the Senate of Nigeria, he became NPP Leader and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. During this period, he made various dangerous secret trips to South Africa for meetings with President Pieter Willem Botha to put pressure on him for the dismantling of the obnoxious apartheid system; including the unconditional pardon and release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners.
It was during this period that, on the floor of the Nigerian Senate, Wachuku made his famous, prophetic statement that the defeat of apartheid in South Africa "shall flow from the barrels of dialogue and contact, not from the barrels of isolation and guns...". He was later removed from the Foreign Relations Committee because of officially calling for dialogue with South Africa. During the 1990 years, when Nigeria started diplomatic relations with South Africa, most prominent politicians and historians in the country called for an apology to Wachuku. In 1983, he was re-elected to the Nigerian Senate until the Muhammadu Buhari military coup of December 1983.
Honours and awards
Wachuku received many honours during his lifetime. In Nigeria, he was the holder of the chieftaincy title of Ugo Ngwa (meaning Eagle and Pride of Ngwa People). This title was first conferred on him by the entire Ngwa nation in 1949, but he was only able to be formally invested in 1971. Other honours included: City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Blue Seal, Key to the City of Atlanta, Georgia, Time "Pride of Africa" Commendation, Commander of the Order of Niger Republic, CFR Nigeria: Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, LL.D: Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa by Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland, KSC: Knight of Saint Christopher by the Anglican Church Nigeria, Enyi Abia (or Elephant of Abia, symbolizing wisdom, memory and strength) - an Abia State chieftaincy title; plus a Merit Award by the Government of Abia State. Posthumous special Golden Jubilee Independence Anniversary Award was conferred on Wachuku by President Goodluck Jonathan of Nigeria on 30 September 2010. Hero of the Struggle for Nigeria's Independence from Great Britain and a Pioneer Political Leader Honour for Wachuku by President Jonathan on 28 February 2014 during Nigeria's 100-year anniversary celebrations. Friday 6 March 2020 "Prominent Portrait" Honour from College Historical Society: Trinity College Dublin: University of Dublin: Ireland on Two Hundred and Fifty Years Anniversary of the college's Historical Society: 1770–2020.
Death
Born in 1918, Wachuku was 78 years on his death at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Enugu, during the late morning of Thursday, 7 November 1996. Wachuku's nephew, author Ugonna Wachuku, wrote a poetic dedication to his uncle titled: Some Memories Never Die. On 20 October 1961, Time wrote an article and news report on Wachuku and his diplomatic activities at the United Nations entitled "Pride of Africa."
See also
Nigerian First Republic
Nigerian Second Republic
Chuku Wachuku
Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku
History of Nigeria
References
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Wachuku, Ugonna Onuabuchi. Some Memories Never Die, Postpoems.org, 2001
Wachuku, Ugonna. The Great Place: A Soulful Celebration of the Beautiful South African People, Publish America Incorporated, 2004
Wachuku, Ugonna American Galaxy: Celebrating the People and the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave. 2012
Wallerstein, Immanuel. Africa: The Politics of Independence and Unity, University of Nebraska Press, 2005
Walraven, Klaas van. Dreams of Power: The Role of the Organization of African Unity in the Politics of Africa, 1963–1993, University of Michigan, Ashgate, 1999.
Waziri, Mahmud. Stewardship, My Vision for Nigeria: Collected Speeches of a Nigerian Senator, Sahel Publishers, 1987
West African Court of Appeal [WACA]. Selected Judgments of the West African Court of Appeal, Government Printing Department, 1960
Woodson, Carter Godwin; Whittingham, Rayford Logan. The Journal of Negro History, Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, United Publishing Corp., Washington, D.C. [1969]
Zartman, William. International Relations in the New Africa, Prentice-Hall, 1966
External links
Some Videos of Jaja Wachuku from United Nations Audiovisual Library
White House: State Department Documents on Jaja Wachuku
United Nations Security Council: Photo: 9 December 1964: Jaja Wachuku: Foreign Affairs Minister of Nigeria
Foreign Affairs Minister Wachuku and Prime Minister Balewa: 25 - 28 July 1961 Visit to USA at invitation of President Kennedy
Time Magazine's "Pride of Africa" article on Jaja Wachuku
University of Pennsylvania: Photo of Jaja Wachuku with Rockefeller and others
University of Pennsylvania: Picture of Jaja Wachuku and others
University of Pennsylvania: Photo of Jaja Wachuku and Marian Anderson
Some Memories Never Die: A Poetic Dedication to Jaja Wachuku
Album of Jaja Wachuku Pictures
Biographical Dictionary Entry on Jaja Wachuku
Nigeria at UNESCO
1918 births
1996 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Commanders of the Order of the Federal Republic
Commanders of the Order of the Niger
Federal ministers of Nigeria
Foreign ministers of Nigeria
History of Nigeria
Igbo lawyers
Igbo politicians
Igbo royalty
Igbo solicitors
Members of the Senate (Nigeria)
National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons politicians
Nigerian Anglicans
Nigerian Civil War prisoners of war
Nigerian diplomats
Nigerian pan-Africanists
Nigerian royalty
People from Abia State
Permanent Representatives of Nigeria to the United Nations
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Nigeria)
20th-century Nigerian lawyers
20th-century Nigerian politicians
Jaja
Igbo diplomats | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaja%20Wachuku |
"Weird Al" Yankovic Live! is a live video recording of "Weird Al" Yankovic's concert during the Touring With Scissors tour, at the Marin County Civic Center, in San Rafael, California, on October 2, 1999. For legal reasons, video clips and several unreleased songs from the medley were not included.
The concert video includes live versions of:
"Gump" (from Bad Hair Day album)
"Polka Power" (from Running with Scissors album)
(drum solo)
"Jerry Springer" (from Running with Scissors album)
"My Baby's In Love With Eddie Vedder" (from Running with Scissors album)
"The Night Santa Went Crazy" (Extra Gory Version) (from The Essential "Weird Al" Yankovic album)
"Dare to Be Stupid" (from Dare to Be Stupid album)
"It's All About The Pentiums" (from Running with Scissors album)
"Germs" (from Running with Scissors album)
"One More Minute" (from Dare to Be Stupid album)
"Like a Surgeon" (Madonna's "Truth or Dare" Remix) (from Dare to Be Stupid album)
"Pretty Fly for a Rabbi" / "Another One Rides the Bus" / "I Love Rocky Road" / "Achy Breaky Song" / "Jurassic Park" / "Grapefruit Diet" / "I Lost on Jeopardy" / "Eat It"
"Smells Like Nirvana" (from Off the Deep End album)
"Bedrock Anthem" (from Alapalooza album)
"Amish Paradise" (from Bad Hair Day album)
"Fat" (from Even Worse album)
"The Saga Begins" (from Running with Scissors album)
"Yoda" (from Dare to Be Stupid album)
It also includes the music videos for "The Saga Begins" and "It's All About The Pentiums", both from Running with Scissors.
The DVD version also includes clips from Al TV and a photo gallery with 27 photos. The music videos also have commentaries by Yankovic.
External links
"Weird Al" Yankovic live albums
"Weird Al" Yankovic video albums
1999 live albums
1999 video albums
Live video albums
San Rafael, California
1990s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Weird%20Al%22%20Yankovic%20Live%21 |
Novagen may refer to:
Novagen, a brand of chemicals and biochemicals manufactured by Merck Biosciences subdivision of Merck KGaA
Novagen Software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novagen |
The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche chlororhynchos) is a large seabird in the albatross family Diomedeidae.
This small mollymawk was once considered conspecific with the Indian yellow-nosed albatross and known as the yellow-nosed albatross. Some authorities still consider these taxa to be conspecific, such as the Clements checklist and the SACC, which recognizes that a proposal is needed.
Taxonomy
The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the albatrosses in the genus Diomedea and coined the binomial name Diomedea chlororhynchos. Gmelin based his description on the "yellow-nosed albatross" that had been described and illustrated in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham from a specimen that had been collected off the coast of the Cape of Good Hope. The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross is now one of nine species placed in the genus Thalassarche that was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek thalassa meaning "sea" and arkhē meaning "power" or "command" (from arkhō, to govern). The specific epithet chlororhynchos combines the Ancient Greek khlōros meaning "yellow" with rhunkhos meaning "bill". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
Description
The Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross averages in length. It is a typical black and white mollymawk with a grey head and large eye patch, and its nape and hindneck are white. Its bill is black with a yellow culminicorn and a pink tip. It has a blackish grey saddle, tail and upperwing, and its underparts are predominantly white. Its underwing and primaries show a narrow black margin. The juvenile is similar to the adult but with a white head and black bill. It can be differentiated from the Indian yellow-nosed by its darker head. Relative to other mollymawks it can be distinguished by its smaller size (the wings being particularly narrow) and the thin black edging to the underwing, The grey-headed albatross has a similar grey head but more extensive and less well defined black markings around the edge of the underwing. Salvin's albatross also has a grey head but has much broader wings, a pale bill and even narrower black borders to the underwing.
Distribution
Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses nest on islands in the mid-Atlantic, including Tristan da Cunha (Inaccessible Island, Middle Island, Nightingale Island, Stoltenhoff Island) and Gough Island. At sea they range across the south Atlantic from South America to Africa between 15°S and 45°S.
Behaviour
Feeding
This mollymawk feeds on squid, fish, cuttlefish and crustacea. The yellow-nosed Albatross sometimes hunts at night instead of day.
Breeding
Like all albatrosses they are colonial, but unusually they will build their nests in scrubs, on top of cliffs amongst Blechnum tree ferns. Like all mollymawks they build pedestal nests of mud, peat, feathers, and vegetation to lay their one egg in. They do this in September or early October, and the chick fledges in late March to April. They breed annually.
Conservation
The IUCN list this species as endangered, with an occurrence range of and a breeding range of . A 2001 population estimate breaks down the population and shows some trends. Gough Island has 5,300 breeding pairs, between 16,000 and 30,000 breeding pairs on Tristan da Cunha Island, 4,500 on Nightingale Island, between 100 and 200 pairs on Middle Island, and 500 pairs on Stoltenhoff Island, and 1,100 on Inaccessible Island. This adds up to between 27,500 and 41,600 pairs per year for the total between 55,000 and 83,200 total adult birds. This population estimate was done in 1983, however and is outdated. Trends suggest a 50% decrease over 72 years.
The largest threat is from longline fishing, as harvesting of chicks and adults has been outlawed.
Efforts to help conserve this bird are underway, with counting of the birds on Gough Island. Also, Gough Island and Inaccessible Island are nature preserves, and Gough Island is a World Heritage Site. The Tristan da Cunha population is being remotely tracked and counted, and the South East Atlantic Fisheries Commission has passed a resolution that all fishing vessels use a tori line and drop lines at night.
References
Sources
External links
Species factsheet - BirdLife International
Photos and fact file - ARKive
Yellownosed Albatross - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
Thalassarche
Procellariiformes
Birds of Brazil
Birds of the Atlantic Ocean
Birds of Southern Africa
Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean
Birds of subantarctic islands
Birds of Uruguay
Fauna of Gough Island
Endangered fauna of Africa
Endangered fauna of South America
Atlantic yellow-nosed Albatross
Atlantic yellow-nosed Albatross | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20yellow-nosed%20albatross |
Cribb Island was a former suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, which is now part of the site of Brisbane Airport and part of the suburb of Brisbane Airport. The suburb was the childhood home of the Gibb brothers, who later became famous as the Bee Gees.
Geography
"Cribbie", as it was known by the locals, consisted of two areas which were made up of Cribb Island which had a beach facing Moreton Bay and was used mostly by holiday makers and Jackson's Estate to the south-west of the beach used for farming and permanent residents. The entire area of Cribb Island which was about long and 400 metres wide was built essentially on a mud flat that faced Moreton Bay. It was not a true island, but in an area surrounded by creeks, tidal flats and mud flats. In the 1970s, the land was resumed by the Australian Government to expand the Brisbane Airport's capability for the larger jets ('Heavies') used in international flights. This erased almost all evidence of the natural and man-made features of Cribb Island.
Cribb Island also gave its name to a local variety of marine worm (Marphysa mullawa), popular with fishermen as bait.
History
The original area of Cribb Island was populated in 1884 by a tribe of approximately 50 Indigenous Australian people, who bartered their locally-caught fish and mud crabs for bread and potatoes from the early European settlers.
Cribb Island received its name from John George Cribb (1830–1905). He was the son of Robert Cribb, an alderman of the Town of Brisbane and member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. John George Cribb bought of land from the Queensland Government in 1863. In 1885, Cribb sold 65 of those acres to James Jackson for the purpose of growing bananas. This area became known as Jackson's Estate. The land that wasn't used by Jackson was leased out to livestock farmers.
There was only one road into Cribb Island via Lower Nudgee (now Nudgee). At first, as this road was floated on top of logs across the mud-flat, it was susceptible to flooding and brief periods of inaccessibility. In 1914 an improved road was built, allowing for access by standard motor vehicles.
Cribb Island State School opened on 18 August 1919 and closed on 14 December 1979. It was located on Cribb Island Road in Jackson's Estate at approximately with the camping reserve immediately to its south.
Methodist services were initially held in the home of Mrs and Mrs Jackson. A Methodist Sunday School group had formed by 1914. Cribb Island Methodist Church was built in 1918 from timber at a cost of £200. It was on the southern corner of Cribb Island Road and Elmslie Street. In 1927, it was renovated and enlarged. In 1977, it was closed and demolished due to the airport redevelopment.
Later on through the 1920s, the Cribb Island and Jackson's Estate areas became a tourist destination and seaside resort area due to their close proximity to Brisbane's town centre. Cribb Island Post Office and kiosk opened in November 1920 and closed in 1980.
In 1925, Cribb Island had its first bus service which was privately owned and ferried passengers to and from the city.
In the 1930s, the town had many essential services including a school, general store, cafés etc. The resident population fluctuated around 400.
The 1930s however saw a change in the area's fortunes as it was at the mercy of a severe economic downturn. House owners were forced to sell their houses in the Cribb Island area to make ends meet, typically for next to nothing. The poor bought these homes and the area became a haven for those struggling to get by. Although more local business moved in to provide basic services, this demographic remained the status quo until the end of the suburb's existence.
In February 1936, E.J. Taylor's tender for £559 to erect a Catholic church to seat 150 people was accepted. On Sunday 6 June 1936, Archbishop James Duhig officially opened St Martha's Catholic church. It was on the north side of Elmslie Street between Cribb Island Road and Moreton Street. It was designed by architect F. Cullen. It was demolished in 1988 when the new airport was built.
On Sunday 10 February 1952, Duhig officially opened St Martha's Catholic School as an extension of the church building. The school closed in 1968.
In the early 1960s, Cribb Island was the childhood home of Bee Gees pop stars Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. They lived at 30 Elmslie Street. They enrolled at Cribb Island State School in January 1960 with Barry leaving in September 1960 and Robin and Maurice leaving in April 1961.
In 1970, the Commonwealth Government proceeded to resume land on the island for the purpose of upgrading the airport. The population at that time was about 900 people. Over the next decade, people slowly moved out of the area as the Government took control of the land. The last resident unwillingly left her home in 1980.
On 22 September 1986, the Queensland Government decided to remove the names Cribb Island and Lower Nudgee from the official maps because "no trace of either suburb remains".
Today little remains of Cribb Island as the land was reclaimed and extensively redeveloped as part of Brisbane Airport, with the new runway which now appears over the former suburb being officially completed in 2020.
Legacy
Many former residents are keeping memories of Cribb Island alive on various websites and writer Tracy Wills has written a book, On the Flats: The Road to Cribb Island, about childhood experiences growing up on Cribb Island.
The Ibis Hotel at Brisbane Airport calls its bistro the Cribb Island Beach Club.
References
Further reading
Brisbane localities
Resumed localities in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cribb%20Island%2C%20Queensland |
Father of the Bride is an American situation comedy that aired on CBS during the 1961–1962 season. The television series centers around the challenges an unready father faces as he adjusts to his daughter's engagement and marriage. Cast members include Leon Ames as the father of the bride, Ruth Warrick as the mother, and Myrna Fahey as the bride.
Cast
Leon Ames as Stanley Banks
Ruth Warrick as Eleanor "Ellie" Banks
Myrna Fahey as Katherine "Kay" Banks Dunston
Ruby Dandridge as Delilah
Burt Metcalfe as Buckley Dunston
Ransom Sherman as Herbert Dunston
Rickie Sorensen as Thomas "Tommy" Banks
Lurene Tuttle as Doris Dunston
Irene Tedrow as Miss Bellamy
Synopsis
Stanley Banks is a prosperous attorney who resides at 24 Maple Drive in Fairview Manor, Connecticut, with his wife Eleanor, who is known as Ellie, teenaged son Tommy, and daughter Katherine, who is known as Kay. Although Ellie, Tommy, and almost everyone else in Stanley's life reacts with enthusiasm when Kay announces her engagement to Buckley Dunston, Stanley is taken aback by the news. In the following days, weeks, and months, the unhappy Stanley, psychologically unready for the marriage of his only daughter, faces many challenges as he tries to adjust to Kay's new life, her fiancé Buckley, Buckley's parents Herbert and Doris Dunston, wedding and honeymoon planning, the wedding itself, Kay and Buckley moving into their own home in a small apartment at 324 Adams Street in Fairview Manor, and life in his own home without Kay around. Kay announces her engagement in the first episode, Kay and Buckley marry in midseason, and shortly before the series ends Kay gives birth to a son named Stanley Banks Dunston.{
Stanley works in Manhattan at the law firm of Williston and Banks, where Miss Bellamy is his secretary. Delilah is the housekeeper at the Banks residence in Fairview Manor.
Production
MGM Television produced the series, which was based on the 1949 novel Father of the Bride by Edward Streeter, the hit 1950 film of the same title based on the novel, and the film's successful 1951 sequel Father's Little Dividend.
By March 1962, episodes began increasingly to center around Leon Ames's Stanley Banks character, who "became the dominant figure in the whole show." Even before Father of the Bride came up for consideration for renewal, Myrna Fahey expressed a desire to be released from the show, reportedly because she felt that too much emphasis was being placed on Ames's "father" character and not enough on her Kay Banks Dunston "bride" character.
In early episodes of Father of the Bride, the opening credits feature an animated Cupid wielding a magic wand. In later episodes, the opening credits feature the show's entire cast gathering on the staircase of the Banks's home.
Robert Maxwell was Father of the Bride′s executive producer, and Rudolph E. Abel and Mort Green produced the show. Episode directors included Mort Green, Anton Leader, Fletcher Markle, Gene Reynolds, and Richard Whorf, and writers included Ken Cooper, Dale & Katherine Eunson, Mathilda Ferro & Theodore Ferro, Mort Green, and James S. Henerson. David Raksin wrote the theme music. Campbell Soup Company and General Mills sponsored the show.
Broadcast history
Father of the Bride premiered on September 29, 1961, and 34 episodes were produced, airing on Fridays at 9:30 p.m. The series never gained anything near the popularity of the 1950 and 1951 films on which it was based, and was cancelled after only one season. Its last new episode aired on May 25, 1962. Reruns of the show then aired in its regular time slot until September 14, 1962.
Episodes
SOURCES
References
External links
Father of the Bride original opening credits with animated Cupid on YouTube
Father of the Bride closing credits on YouTube
TelevisionAcademy.com/Interviews: Burt Metcalfe on the Father of the Bride TV Series on YouTube
Father of the Bride (franchise)
1960s American sitcoms
1961 American television series debuts
1962 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
Television series based on adaptations
Television shows based on books
Live action television shows based on films
Television series by MGM Television
Wedding television shows
Television series about families
Television shows set in Connecticut
Television shows set in Manhattan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father%20of%20the%20Bride%20%28TV%20series%29 |
Yeste may refer to:
Francisco Yeste, Spanish football midfielder
Yeste, Albacete, Spanish municipality
Yeste, Huesca, Spanish village | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeste |
The 2002 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 24th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It took place at the Kölner Stadtwald in Cologne, Germany. The event was held from August 31 – September 8, 2002.
Netherlands won the tournament by defeating Germany in the final.
Squads
Head Coach: Barry Dancer
Head Coach: Bernhard Peters
Head Coach: Rajinder Singh
Head Coach: Joost Bellaart
Head Coach: Tahir Zaman
Head Coach: Kim Young-Kyu
Results
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)
Preliminary round
Pool
Classification
Fifth and sixth place
Third and fourth place
Final
Final standings
Awards
References
External links
Official FIH website
C
Men's Hockey Champions Trophy
Men's Hockey Champions Trophy
Men's Hockey Champions Trophy
2002
Champions Trophy (field hockey) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Trophy |
Debora Kay Iyall (; ; born 29 April 1954), is a Cowlitz Native American artist and was lead singer for the new wave band Romeo Void. Iyall got her surname from her family adopting their ancestor Iyallwahawa's "first" name written at the time as Ayiel.
Early life
She was born in 1954 in Soap Lake, Washington, and grew up in Fresno, California.
In 1969, at age fourteen, Iyall joined the Occupation of Alcatraz and stayed for six days. She had hoped to connect with the Native American activist community there, but felt "out of place".
Romeo Void
While attending the San Francisco Art Institute, she joined Frank Zincavage and Peter Woods to create Romeo Void in 1979. The band was notable for their modernization of the punk sound, and for Iyall's forceful, half-spoken delivery. They reached hit status on college radio stations with the suggestive and multi-leveled song "Never Say Never" in 1982. Their song "A Girl in Trouble (Is a Temporary Thing)" landed them in the top 40 of Billboard's Hot 100 chart, and an appearance on Dick Clark's American Bandstand in 1984.
Solo albums and art career
Romeo Void parted ways in 1985, and the following year Iyall released her debut solo album Strange Language on Columbia Records. After a lukewarm reception of the album, Iyall returned to her first love, as an artist and art instructor. Throughout the 1990s she taught art at the 29 Palms Cultural Center and for the Arts Council for San Bernardino. She also led hikes and made presentations for the Agua Caliente Cultural Museum as a paid docent, and in 1995 she started Ink Clan, a print shop dedicated to teaching screen printing and other arts to young Native artists. Ink Clan was once housed in the South of Market Cultural Center in San Francisco. She presently resides in New Mexico, with her husband, audio engineer and instructor Patrick Haight.
Since late 2009, Iyall has been performing new material written with Peter Dunne at a variety of local venues in Northern California. In 2010 Iyall's second solo album, Stay Strong, was released, and in January 2012, an EP, Singing Until Sunrise, was released. On 2 November 2019, Debora Iyall was awarded as a Lifetime Achievement Honoree at the 19th Annual Native American Music Awards.
In 2023, Iyall appeared as the Great Cowlitz Sa'mn Spirit in the season 2 episode "Salmon, Where are You?" of the Netflix children's show Spirit Rangers.
Discography
Strange Language (1986)
Stay Strong (2010)
Singing Until Sunrise (2012)
References
External links
Iyall professional website
1954 births
Living people
20th-century American printmakers
20th-century American women artists
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century Native American artists
21st-century American printmakers
21st-century American women artists
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
21st-century Native American artists
American new wave musicians
Artists from California
Artists from Washington (state)
Coast Salish people
Columbia Records artists
Women new wave singers
Musicians from Fresno, California
Native American printmakers
Native American singers
Native American women artists
People from Soap Lake, Washington
San Francisco Art Institute alumni
Singers from California
Singers from Washington (state)
American women printmakers
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women
Women punk rock singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debora%20Iyall |
Ndlambe Municipality (; ) is a local municipality within the Sarah Baartman District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Its capital is Port Alfred. It is a predominantly rural area with agriculture and tourism dominating the economy.
It encompasses the towns of Kenton-on-Sea, Boknesstrand, Bathurst, Boesmansriviermond, Alexandria, and Cannon Rocks.
Politics
The municipal council consists of twenty members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Ten councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in ten wards, while the remaining ten are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of eleven seats on the council.
The following table shows the results of the election.
Main places
The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
References
External links
Official website
Local municipalities of the Sarah Baartman District Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndlambe%20Local%20Municipality |
Ursula, Margravine of Brandenburg (17 October 1488 – 18 September 1510) was a German noblewoman.
She was born in Berlin, the daughter of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg, and Margarethe of Saxony.
At age 19, on 16 February 1507 she married Duke Henry V of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1552). They had three children:
Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1508–1541), married Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1509–1550) (predeceased his father)
Ursula of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (30 August 1510 – 22 April 1586), abbess of Ribnitz
She died in Güstrow in 1510 at the age of 21, less than a month after the birth of her third child.
Ancestry
References
1488 births
1510 deaths
House of Hohenzollern
15th-century German women
15th-century German people
16th-century German women
16th-century German people
Daughters of monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula%20of%20Brandenburg |
DSCH is a musical motif used by the composer Dmitri Shostakovich to represent himself. It is a musical cryptogram in the manner of the BACH motif, consisting of the notes D, E-flat, C, B natural, or in German musical notation D, Es, C, H (pronounced as "De-Es-Ce-Ha"), thus standing for the composer's initials in German transliteration: D. Sch. (Dmitri Schostakowitsch).
Usage
By Shostakovich
The motif occurs in many of his works, including:
Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 77
Fugue No. 15 in D-flat major, Op. 87 (only once, in the stretto)
String Quartet No. 5 in B-flat major, Op. 92
Symphony No. 10 in E minor, Op. 93
String Quartet No. 6 in G major, Op. 101 (Played all at once by the four instruments at the end of each movement)
String Quartet No. 8 in C minor, Op. 110 (appears in every single movement)
Symphony No. 15 in A major, Op. 141.
Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor, Op. 61 (questionable)
By others
Many homages to Shostakovich (such as Schnittke's Prelude in memory of Dmitri Shostakovich or Tsintsadze's 9th String Quartet) make extensive use of the motif.
The British composer Ronald Stevenson composed a large Passacaglia on it.
Also Edison Denisov dedicated some works (1969 DSCH for clarinet, trombone, cello and piano, and his 1970 saxophone sonata) to Shostakovich, by quoting the motif several times and using it as the first four notes of a twelve-tone series. Denisov was Shostakovich's protégé for a long time.
Sergei Prokofiev's Sinfonia Concertante, Op. 125 Symphony-Concerto (Prokofiev) contains the DSCH motif spelled at pitch in the second movement, measures 452-453, the point of maximum dissonance. Benjamin Britten's Rejoice in the Lamb (1943) contains the DSCH motif - but never at that pitch - repeated several times in the accompaniment, progressively getting louder each time, finally at fortissimo over the chords accompanying "And the watchman strikes me with his staff". The vocal text given to the motif is "silly fellow, silly fellow, is against me".
A further reference appears in Britten's The Rape of Lucretia (1946), where the DSCH motif acts as the main structural component of Lucretia's aria "Give him this orchid."
The DSCH motif also appears in the orchestral accompaniment of Viola Concerto (Walton) - (1929) in bars 115-116 (up a minor 6th - 'B', 'C', 'A', 'G#') and in 122-123 (at the original pitch - 'D', 'Eb', 'C', 'B') of the First Movement (Andante Comodo) and, during the orchestral tutti before the Recapitulation of the same movement. This was never confirmed by William Walton (a contemporary of Shostakovich) himself, although he did refer to Dmitri Shostakovich as "the greatest composer of the 20th century". Therefore, it is entirely possible that this was an intentional reference to the motif.
The contemporary Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero made use of it in DEsCH, a composition for oboe, bassoon, piano and orchestra written in 2006 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Shostakovich's birth, and in Op.111 – Bagatella su Beethoven (2009), which blends themes from the Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111 by Ludwig van Beethoven with the Shostakovich musical monogram.
The motif was also incorporated by Chumbawamba in "Hammer, Stirrup and Anvil" (2009), their song about Shostakovich's career under Stalin.
Danny Elfman, in his Russian influenced score for the 1995 film Dolores Claiborne, opened the film with the DSCH motif and, subsequently, used it throughout as a nod to Shostakovich's 8th String Quartet (which he cites on his Oct 10, 2006 Apple iTunes playlist as "Simply one of the most beautiful, exquisitely sad, and soulful pieces of music I've ever heard").
Tigran Hamasyan incorporated this motif in his song "Ara Resurrected", from his latest album The Call Within.
DSCH Journal, the standard journal of Shostakovich studies, takes its name from the motif. "DSCH" is sometimes used as an abbreviation of Shostakovich's name.
DSCH Publishers is a Moscow publishing house that published the 150-volume New Collected Works of Dmitri Shostakovich in 2005, 25% of which contained previously unpublished works.
The motif is used by classical music comedians TwoSetViolin on their recent “Duh Duh Duh Dumm” music video. Shostakovich (played by Brett Yang ) appears, talking about his struggle against Soviet censorship. Shostakovich’s String Quartet No. 8 can be heard in the background.
Media
See also
Sacher hexachord
References
Bibliography
Brown, Stephen C., “Tracing the Origins of Shostakovich’s Musical Motto,” Intégral 20 (2006): 69–103.
Gasser, Mark. "Ronald Stevenson, Composer-Pianist: An Exegetical Critique from a Pianistic Perspective". PhD diss. [Western Australia]: Edith Cowan University, 2013.
External links
"DSCH – Shostakovich's Motto", DSCH journal
"DSCH Quotation Examples", DSCH journal
Melodic sections
Motifs (music)
Dmitri Shostakovich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSCH%20motif |
Ander Vilariño Facal (born 6 November 1979 in Hondarribia) is a Spanish auto racing driver that is currently competing in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series, driving the No. 22 Chevrolet Camaro for DF1 Racing. Vilariño is one of the most successful drivers in NASCAR Whelen Euro Series history. He has won 3 titles (2012, 2013, and 2015) and has 22 race wins in his career.
Vilariño started racing in 1996 in the Formula Renault Campus after having competed in some karting championships. He is the son of former FIA European Hill Climb Champion (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992) and FIA European Hill Climb Championship Trophy Winner (2007) Andrés Vilariño.
Racing career
Vilarino competed in karting since 1990 until his first race in 1996 in Formula Renault Campus. In 1997, Vilariño was competing in the French Fórmula Renault, but he suffered a big crash in the second race of the season at Nogaro and he had to stop the season. In 1998 he repeated the French Formula Renault. In 1999 Ander raced in rallies and hill climbs in Spain. In 2000 Vilariño won his first national championship, the Spanish Formula Supertoyota Championship. In 2001 he raced in the European Le Mans Series, at the 6 Hours of Estoril. In 2001 he won his second Spanish Championship, the Spanish Formula 3 Championship. Vilarino moved to World Series by Nissan in 2002 and he stayed there until the beginning the 2004, there he left Epsilon Euskadi team for differences with his direction. In World Series Nissan Ander got 2 wins, 3 pole positions and 8 podiums.
Vilariño then moved into the FIA European Hill Climb Championship, there he won the FIA European Hill Cup FIA European Hill Climb Cup in 2005. In 2006 in the first race of the FIA European Hill Climb Championship in Rechberg he suffered an accident that got him out of competition for the whole year. After recovering he came back and won the 2007 FIA Hill Climb en Campeonato de Europa. After 2 full years in Hill Climbs Ander came back to circuit racing being 7th in the European Endurance Challenge VdeV for sport prototypes in 2008. Then in 2009 he finished 3rd but just participating in half of the championship. In 2010 Ander participated in 3 races of the VdeV European Endurance Challenge and won the Basque Rallysprint Championship.
In 2011, he made his stock car racing debut as he raced the FIA Racecar Euro Series (the predecessor of the current NASCAR Whelen Euro Series), finishing 3rd overall in the championship after getting 2 wins, 5 podiums, 3 pole positions and 4 fastest laps in of 12 races. That same year, Ander raced 4 races on the FIA Speed Euroseries and won the first of them at Spa Francorchamps. In 2011 Vilarino also took part in one V de V European Endurance Challenge Race, the Jarama 4 Hours and scored an overall victory in the race. In 2012, Vilariño stayed in the Racecar Euro Series, where he would become the first series champion under official NASCAR sanctioning after he scored 6 race wins and 8 podiums. and he was locked into the 2013 UNOH Battle at the Beach at Daytona International Speedway, finishing 23rd after suffering an engine problem on lap 98.
Vilariño successfully defended his title in 2013, having scored 7 race wins and 10 podiums on his way to win his second Euro Series title. In 2014, Vilariño would narrowly lose the title by just 1 point from Anthony Kumpen, having scored 3 wins and 10 podiums during the course of the season. On the same year, Vilariño would also receive an opportunity to race at the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East race at Watkins Glen, although he would ultimately withdraw from the race itself. The following year, Vilariño would win his third title after scoring 3 wins, 9 top fives and 12 top ten finishes before he left the series at the end of the year to switch to sports car racing in V de V and GT4 European Series.
Vilariño took part in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series Recruitment Day testing event that was held at the end of the 2018 season, fueling speculations that Vilariño is going to return to the series in 2019. This was later confirmed to be true on 28 March 2019, as Vilariño is announced to be returning to the series after a three-year absence with Racing Engineering for the 2019 season. He would finish the season in fifth place after scoring two victories, both in his home race at Valencia.
In 2020, Vilariño moved to DF1 Racing but did not race that year due to family and business concerns brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Career
NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
K&N Pro Series East
Whelen Euro Series - Elite 1
Spain, France, Portugal
1995 Elf Steering Winner
1996 Formula Renault Campus (la filiére), 4th place, 2 wins, 2 pole positions, 6 fastest laps, 3 podiums.
1997 Formula Renault International Finals, 4th place.
1998 Formula Renault (la filiére). Best places: 5th Pau, 5th Ledenon.
1999 Winner of 3 ice rallies in Andorra Series, winner of Garbi Hill Climb and 2nd in Jaizkibel Hill Climb. 5 Rallies Saxo Cup, best place 3rd in Caja Cantabria, 5 cup best times in stages.
2000 Spanish Champion Formula Super Toyota, 6 wins, 2 pole positions, 2 fastest laps, 6 podiums.
2001 Spanish Formula 3 Champion – 6 wins, 9 pole Positions, 8 podiums, 8 fastest laps.
2005 Winner in Magny Cours French Sport Cars Championship..
2005 3rd Place Monza Italian Sport Cars Championship.
2005 Basque Hill Climb Champion.
2010 Basque Hill Climb Champion.
Europe
2001 European Le Mans Series 1000 km Estoril (Porsche GT3). DNF.
2001 Indoor World Cup Karting (Bercy).
2002 World Series by Nissan, 1 pole Position, 2 podiums, rookie of the year.
2003 World Series by Nissan, 2 wins, 2 pole positions, 5 podiums.
2003 Chosen by Auto Hebdo Sport Circuit Spanish revelation driver.
2004 FIA European Hill Climb Cup (F3000 Reynard 93D). (2 races), 1 win, 1 2nd place.
2005 FIA European Hill Climb Cup Champion (F3000 Reynard K01) 6 wins, 5 records, 1 2nd place.
2006 FIA European Hill Climb Championship. (F3000 Reynard K01). Accident, season lost.
2007 FIA European Hill Climb Champion (F3000 Reynard K01). 9 wins, 5 Records, 1 2nd place.
2008 V de V European Endurance Challenge (Norma M20) – 7th place – 1 win, 3 poles, 3 fastest laps. Teammate: Andrés Vilariño.
2009 V de V European Endurance Challenge (Norma M20) – 3rd place – 2 wins, 1 pole, 2 fastest laps, 3 podiums, raced 4 out of 8 races. Teammate: Andrés Vilariño.
2011 FIA Speed Euroseries (Norma M20). 4 Races. 1 win, 2 pole positions, 1 fastest laps.
2011 V de V Endurance Challenge. 1 Race. 1 win, 1 pole position, 1 fastest lap.
2011 FIA Euro-Racecar Series. 3rd place. 2 wins, 3 pole position, 4 fastest laps, 5 podiums.
2012 NASCAR Racecar Euro Series Champion – 6 wins, 5 pole positions, 5 fastest laps, 8 podiums.
2013 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series Champion – 7 wins, 8 pole positions, 8 fastest laps, 8 podiums.
2014 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series Runner-Up – 4 wins, 7 pole positions, 7 fastest laps, 9 podiums.
2015 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series Champion – 3 wins, 2 pole positions, 3 fastest laps, 8 podiums.
2016 V de V Challenge Endurance Proto Champion – 4 wins, 6 podiums.
2017 V de V Proto Endurance Challenge Champion – 3 wins, 2 pole positions, 3 podiums.
2017 GT4 European Series Northern Cup Pro-Am class – 1 pole position, 2 podiums.
2017 GT4 European Series Southern Cup Pro-Am class – 1 podium.
2019 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series – 2 wins, 2 pole positions, 1 fastest laps, 2 podiums.
Awards
2001 – Award Gobierno Vasco and among the best guipuzcoan sportsmen for the APDG
2003 – Nominated to best sportsman for the APDG, and Award Gobierno Vasco and among the best guipuzcoan sportsmen for the APDG
2005 – Among the best guipuzcoan sportsmen for the APDG
2006 – Olympic medal from the Spanish Olympic Committee Comité Olímpico Español
2007 – Among the best Basque sportsmen El Correo
2007 – Nominated to best sportsman for the APDG and among the best guipuzcoan sportsmen for the APDG
2007 – Nominated to best sportsman for Euskadi Irratia.
References
External links
Official site Ander Vilariño
Official site club Vilariño
1979 births
Living people
Spanish racing drivers
Formule Campus Renault Elf drivers
European Le Mans Series drivers
Euroformula Open Championship drivers
NASCAR drivers
Racing Engineering drivers
GT4 European Series drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ander%20Vilari%C3%B1o |
Helen Lesley Upperton (born October 31, 1979) is a Canadian bobsledder who has competed since 2002. Upperton was born in Ahmadi, Kuwait as her parents involvement in the oil industry meant they traveled abroad. She holds dual citizenship of both Great Britain and Canada. Upperton won the silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics after previously finishing fourth in the two-woman event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. In 2020 Upperton won a Canadian Screen Award for “Best Sports Analyst” for her coverage of the Bobsleigh World Championship event with Mark Lee. She went to high school at Dr. E.P. Scarlett High School and graduated from the University of Texas in Austin with a BSc.
Upperton also competed in the FIBT World Championships, earning her best finish of fourth in the two-woman event at Altenberg in 2008. Her best overall Bobsleigh World Cup finish was second in the two-woman event in the 2005–06 season.
A former triple jumper at the University of Texas at Austin, Upperton moved to bobsleigh in 2002. In the 2005–06 season she won four medals on the World Cup including a gold at an event in St. Moritz, Switzerland, Canada's first women's World Cup win in bobsleigh. One month later she finished fourth in the two-woman event at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Upperton scored a total of six wins and over 20 podium finishes in World Cup competition.
She won a silver medal in the Two-woman competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics with Shelley-Ann Brown. The gold medal was won by fellow Canadians Kaillie Humphries and Heather Moyse. It marked the first time of the 2010 Olympics that Canadians had won two medals in one event.
Upperton and Brown announced their retirements from the sport in September 2012. After retiring Upperton became manager of community relations with WinSport Canada. Subsequently, she became head coach of WinSport Academy's bobsleigh programme, training developing bobsledders.
Upperton was a commentator for men's and women's bobsleigh and skeleton at the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Olympics with Mark Connolly.
Career highlights
World Championships
2005 - Calgary, 12th with Jill Salus
2007 - St. Moritz, 6th with Jennifer Ciochetti
2008 - Altenberg, 4th with Jennifer Ciochetti
2009 - Lake Placid, 4th with Jennifer Ciochetti
2011 - Konigssee, 5th with Shelley-Ann Brown
World Cup
2005 - Calgary, 3rd with Heather Moyse
2005 - Igls, 2nd with Heather Moyse
2006 - Königssee, nbn 2nd with Heather Moyse
2006 - St. Moritz, 1st with Heather Moyse
2006 - Park City, 3rd with Jennifer Ciochetti
2006 - Lake Placid, 2nd with Jamie Cruickshank
2007 - Cortina d'Ampezzo, 3rd with Jennifer Ciochetti
2007 - Calgary, 1st with Jennifer Ciochetti
2007 - Lake Placid, 2nd with Jennifer Ciochetti
2008 - Cortina d'Ampezzo, 2nd with Heather Moyse
2008 - Cesana, 1st with Jennifer Ciochetti
2008 - St. Moritz, 3rd with Heather Moyse
2008 - Winterberg, 1st with Jennifer Ciochetti
2008 - Igls, 1st with Heather Moyse
2009 - Altenberg, 2nd with Jennifer Ciochetti
2010 - Calgary, 3rd with Shelley-Ann Brown
2010 - Lake Placid, 3rd with Shelley-Ann Brown
2011 - Cesana, 1st with Shelley-Ann Brown
References
External links
List of two-woman bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1995
1979 births
Living people
Athletes from Calgary
Canadian female bobsledders
Canadian female triple jumpers
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic bobsledders for Canada
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Canadian sports coaches
21st-century Canadian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Upperton |
Kory Gerren Sheets (born March 31, 1985) is a former American football running back. He played college football at Purdue and he was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. Sheets was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, Carolina Panthers and Oakland Raiders of the NFL and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League.
Early years
Sheets played for Bloomfield High School, leading the team to a Connecticut State Championship as an all-purpose back. In his senior year, he had 2,588 rushing yards and 41 touchdowns in being named the state Player of the Year by The Hartford Courant as well as an all-conference selection. Sheets was also named to the 2003 Connecticut High School Football All-State team by the New Haven Register.
Sheets also earned All-State and All-American honors in track and field, while coming out of high school as the No. 23 all-purpose back in the country by Rivals.com.
College career
Sheets attended Purdue University, where he played for head coach, Joe Tiller. He majored in Organizational Leadership and Supervision; he had a stellar career for the Boilermakers, as he started for three seasons (2006-2008), was selected Honorable Mention All-Big Ten (2008) and was named to the Senior Bowl squad following his senior season (2008). For his career, he ranks #1 in Touchdowns (54), #1 in rushing TDs (48), ahead of NFL greats like Mike Alstott, Mike Pruitt, Otis Armstrong and Leroy Keyes; # 2 in scoring (324 points) behind Travis Dorsch. He is the Boilermakers’ #2 career rushing leaders (3,341 yards) behind Mike Alstott and #2 in rushing attempts (664) behind Otis Armstrong. Sheets is also the #2 Boilermakers in career ‘"All-Purpose Yardage"’ behind Dorien Bryant.
He ran for 100 or more yards 9 times in his career, good for a tie at #4 on the school record charts. He twice scored 4 touchdowns in a game; once vs. Michigan in 2008 and against Miami (OH) in 2006. He led the Boilermakers in touchdowns each season of his career and led them in scoring for three seasons.
The Boilermakers had a cumulative record of 25–25 // 13-19 Big Ten; with a win in the 2007 Motor City Bowl and an appearance in the 2006 Champs Sports Bowl.
Statistics
Professional career
San Francisco 49ers
After being undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft, Sheets was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as a free agent. He did not make the 49ers' final roster out of training camp however he was re-signed to their practice squad after final cuts.
Miami Dolphins
Sheets was signed off the San Francisco 49ers' practice squad by the Miami Dolphins on October 13, 2009. With the Dolphins, Sheets had 1 rush for 5 yards.
He was placed on injured reserve on August 4, 2010, due to an injury during a training camp practice. He suffered a right Achilles injury, effectively ending his season.
On August 23, 2011, he was waived by the Dolphins.
Carolina Panthers
On November 30, 2011, Sheets was signed to the Carolina Panthers' practice squad.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
The Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League signed Sheets on February 10, 2012. In his first regular season game with the Roughriders, Sheets rushed for 80 yards on 12 carries (6.7 yards per carry average) and scored a touchdown. Sheets' play in pre-season helped earn him the starting job at running back for the Roughriders, which came as a surprise to many, as Brandon West was expected to start. Sheets scored his first touchdown on June 29, 2012 in the season opener against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in a Saskatchewan win. His play helped the Riders to an early 3-0 start, with a touchdown in every game. Sheets became the second rusher in the CFL to reach 1,000 yards in the 2012 season after Jon Cornish. On October 8, 2012, Sheets ran over the 1,000 yard mark after a 48-yard touchdown run at Rogers Centre against the Toronto Argonauts. Sheets finished the 2012 CFL season second in the league in rushing yards behind Jon Cornish.
Kory Sheets started the 2013 CFL season with his career's best performance, rushing for 131 yards. He then beat his career best the following week, July 5, 2013, amassing 133 yards on the ground. The very next week he beat his career best again posting 178 rushing yards, helping the Riders to a 3-0 start to the season. Sheets owns the record of "Most Rushing Yards In The First Three Games Of A Season", being the first player in CFL history to have 442 rushing yards in the first three games of a season, earning "Offensive Player of The Week" in the CFL for Week 3. He ran for 130 yards in Week 4 and 140 yards in game 5, extending his consecutive games with 100 yards to 5 (142.5 average per-game). As result he now has the record for both "Most Rushing Yards In The First Four Games Of A Season" and "Most Rushing Yards In The First Five Games Of A Season". In Week 6, Sheets ran 133 yards against the Stampeders, going six consecutive games with 100+ yards rushing. Sheets' 6 game 100 yard rushing streak came to an end on August 17, 2013 (Week 8); rushing for 73 yards. However, the next week, on August 24 against the Edmonton Eskimos, Sheets ran for 139 yards and 2 touchdowns and was named Offensive Player of The Week. Following the Roughriders game on October 19, Sheets was named the Offensive Player of the Week for Week 17. He rushed for 148 yards with 25 carries and one touchdown in the 35-14 win over the BC Lions. This game was the ninth 100-yard rushing game by Sheets that season, tying him with George Reed for the Saskatchewan franchise record. Kory Sheets finished the season with 1,598 rushing yards, 215 yards behind Jon Cornish who led the league with 1813 rushing yards.
On November 24, 2013, in the 101st Grey Cup, Sheets established a CFL record for most yards rushing in a Grey Cup game, carrying 20 times for a total of 197 yards and two touchdowns, winning the game's most valuable player award in the process.
His Grey Cup record eclipsed that of Johnny Bright, who ran for 169 yards in 1956.
Oakland Raiders
On February 12, 2014, Sheets signed with the Oakland Raiders, returning to the National Football League. The Raiders waived Sheets on August 26, 2014.
Sheets had a workout with the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League in late February 2016.
CFL statistics
References
External links
Official Website
Purdue Boilermakers bio
1985 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football running backs
Canadian football running backs
Carolina Panthers players
Miami Dolphins players
Oakland Raiders players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
San Francisco 49ers players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Sportspeople from Manchester, Connecticut
Players of American football from Hartford County, Connecticut
Bloomfield High School (Connecticut) alumni
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
Players of Canadian football from Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kory%20Sheets |
Temuri Ketsbaia (; born 18 March 1968) is a Georgian former professional football player and current manager. He is the current manager of the Cyprus national team.
Club career
After beginning his professional career in 1987 in his native Georgia with Dinamo Tbilisi, Ketsbaia then played for Cypriot side Anorthosis, and Greek giants AEK Athens.
His career in AEK started with a great misfortune, since in his first official match against Rangers, for the UEFA Champions League qualifiers, he seriously injured his hand. He returned after a few months, but his performance in his first season was not as expected, clearly affected by both the injury and his adaptation to a more demanding league. He was the only scorer in the league derby against Olympiacos in the away win on 19 November 1994. The following season he won the cup with AEK, while impressing with his performance. He was even named by his colleagues in the league as the best foreign footballer of the season. On 28 September 1995 he scored against Sion for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. In the semi-finals he scored in both legs against Panathinaikos. His next season he helped AEK a lot to play beautiful football, winning the Greek Super Cup and add another Greek Cup to their trophy case. On 17 October 1996 he opened the score in the 0–2 win against Olimpija Ljubljana for the round of 16 of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
He ran down his contract in the Greek capital and arrived at St James' Park and Newcastle United on a free transfer in 1997. Early in his career with The Magpies, Ketsbaia scored a goal in extra time against Croatia Zagreb, ensuring a place for Newcastle United in the UEFA Champions League for the first time in their history.
In England, he is remembered for his celebration after scoring a last-minute winner against Bolton Wanderers in 1998, in which he took off his jersey and kicked the advertising hoardings. He stated that this was to relieve his frustration at being kept out of the Newcastle starting line-up.
Although he was considered something of a 'cult hero' by Newcastle fans, he was sold to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2000, and also played for Dundee, among others.
On 30 June 2007, Ketsbaia announced his retirement from professional football. His last match before retiring was held on 14 July.
In May 2015, Ketsbaia played for Dundee versus Crystal Palace as part of Julián Speroni's testimonial match, along with former Dundee players Georgi Nemsadze, Juan Sara, Fabián Caballero and Luis Alberto Carranza.
International career
He won the Malta International Football Tournament whilst on international duty with Georgia in 1998, the only International honour in his career.
Managerial career
In January 2004, while still a player for Anorthosis, Ketsbaia took his first managerial position in Anorthosis, winning two championships, in 2004–05 and in 2007–08, and one cup in 2006–07. In 2005 Anorthosis reached in the third-round of the Champions League, over running Trabzonspor in the second round, and in 2008–09 reached in the UEFA Champions League Group Stage, the first Cypriot team to do so.
On 28 September 2008, he stated his interest for the vacant Newcastle manager position. In an interview with the Sunday Mirror, he said: "I had a great opportunity to play at Newcastle as a player, so why not as a manager?"
In the week before the match club directors had gone to the police complaining of financial irregularities being carried out by the club President who was forced to resign, despite support from Ketsbaia and club supporters.
In April 2009, Ketsbaia stood down as coach of Anorthosis. On 25 May 2009, the chairman of Olympiacos announced that Ketsbaia had been appointed the club's manager on a three-year deal, replacing Ernesto Valverde; however, on 15 September 2009, Ketsbaia and Olympiacos parted company following early criticism from the club's supporters, despite Olympiakos not conceding a goal during his tenure.
In November 2009 he was announced as manager of the Georgian national side, which he represented 49 times as a player. He claimed that while he could not promise a major tournament in the near future, the team would fight to reach one.
In January 2015, Ketsbaia once again declared his interest in taking over the vacant manager job at Newcastle United, after Alan Pardew moved on to Crystal Palace, however, John Carver was appointed in a temporary position instead.
On 28 August 2015, Ketsbaia agreed terms with reigning Cypriot champions APOEL, signing a two-year contract with the club and replacing Domingos Paciência who was fired earlier at the same day. On 21 April 2016, one day after APOEL's elimination in the Cypriot Cup semi-finals by Apollon Limassol, Ketsbaia's contract with APOEL was terminated, although at that moment the team were four points clear at the top of the league with only four matches remaining.
On 6 June 2016, Ketsbaia took over the management at Greek powerhouse AEK Athens, a club he played for until 1996, on a two-year contract. His overall defensive managing mentality prevented the club from playing exciting football. On 19 October 2016, two weeks after a heavy away 3-0 defeat to Olympiacos, the AEK board decided to terminate Ketsbaia's contract with immediate effect, something that Ketsbaia attributed to a premeditated sacking plan by the board, which amongst others involved slanderous press publications targeting Ketsbaia. The Georgian manager, apparently disturbed by the 'unlawful behaviour' of the club's administration in the employment termination process, filed a lawsuit on 10 December 2016 demanding a sum of approximately £350k to be shared among him and his backroom staff; Ketsbaia was eventually entitled to a sum of just under £100k plus legal taxes following the examination of the case. In an interview for the Cypriot branch of Alpha TV, Ketsbaia accused the Greek sport journalism sector of deliberately misrepresenting true facts in favour of certain teams and board members, and AEK of underestimating his managerial abilities for no apparent reason; he even added that certain AEK board members were hoping for a loss against Larisa in order to justify his imminent sacking.
On 1 June 2017, he was hired as the manager of the Russian club FC Orenburg. On 17 August 2017,The president of FC Orenburg, Vasily Stolypin, said that Temuri Ketsbaia left the post of head coach not because of sports results. He left the mutual consent of the parties and personal affairs, the family.
On June 1, 2019, he returned to Anorthosis and "A. Papadopoulos". He was the coach of the Famagusta team for the second time, finishing in the 2nd place of the championship in the 2019-20 season, which was stopped prematurely due to the coronavirus, equaling with the 1st Omonia, which the team would have faced in the semifinals of the cup. In the 2020-21 season he finished in 4th place and won the cup. In the period 2021-22, Anorthosis finished in 5th place and was excluded from the institution of the cup in the semifinal phase by Omonia.
Participated in the Europa League qualifiers in 2020-21 and 2021-22. In 2021-22 he also qualified for the Europa Conference groups. He finished in 3rd place in the group behind Gent and Partizan and in front of Flora.
On June 6, 2022, he was announced by the management of Anorthosis that he is a past member of the team. The reason was his insistence on keeping his associates on the bench, disagreeing with the terms set by the Athletic Director and management.
Career statistics
International goals
Georgia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Ketsbaia goal.
Managerial statistics
Honours
As a player
Dinamo Tbilisi
Umaglesi Liga: 1990, 1991
AEK Athens
Greek Cup: 1995–96, 1996–97
Greek Super Cup: 1996
Anorthosis
Cypriot First Division: 2004–05
Cypriot Cup: 2002–03
As a manager
Anorthosis
Cypriot First Division: 2004–05, 2007–08
Cypriot Cup: 2006–07, 2020–21
Cypriot Super Cup: 2007
Individual
Georgian Footballer of the Year:1990, 1997
Best Foreign Player: 1995–96
References
External links
Where are they now – Temuri Ketsbaia
1968 births
Living people
People from Gali District, Abkhazia
Footballers from Abkhazia
Mingrelians
Men's association football midfielders
Soviet men's footballers
Men's footballers from Georgia (country)
Georgia (country) men's international footballers
FC Dinamo Tbilisi players
Anorthosis Famagusta FC players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Cypriot First Division players
Super League Greece players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
Football managers from Georgia (country)
Anorthosis Famagusta FC managers
Olympiacos F.C. managers
Georgia national football team managers
APOEL FC managers
Expatriate football managers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers from Georgia (country)
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in Cyprus
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in Greece
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in England
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in Scotland
AEK Athens F.C. managers
Expatriate football managers in Russia
FC Orenburg managers
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temur%20Ketsbaia |
Dana Rayne (born March 5, 1981 on Long Island, New York) is an American dance and Pop singer. Rayne was a success on the American club scene where she started off as a DJ in New York. This led to her releasing a song, "Object of My Desire" which was a eurotrance cover of Starpoint's popular dance tune in the mid 1980s. It reached the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart in January 2005. Her second single, "Flying High" was never released, but can be found on some dance compilation albums.
Rayne's projects feature collaborations with Jeannie Ortega, Lucas Prata and Dose of Fulanito. Currently, Dana has joined with Lane McCray, an original member of La Bouche, and is touring at this time.
Discography
"Object of My Desire" (2005) #7 UK
"Flying High" (EP (2005)
"Make It On My Own" (2008)
"Overload" (2010)
References
External links
Dana Rayne
Myspace page
1981 births
Living people
American DJs
People from Long Island
American expatriates in Germany
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%20Rayne |
In integrated circuit design, full-custom is a design methodology in which the layout of each individual transistor on the integrated circuit (IC), and the interconnections between them, are specified. Alternatives to full-custom design include various forms of semi-custom design, such as the repetition of small transistor subcircuits; one such methodology is the use of standard cell libraries (which are themselves designed full-custom).
Full-custom design potentially maximizes the performance of the chip, and minimizes its area, but is extremely labor-intensive to implement. Full-custom design is limited to ICs that are to be fabricated in extremely high volumes, notably certain microprocessors and a small number of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
As of 2008 the main factor affecting the design and production of ASICs was the high cost of mask sets (number of which is depending on the number of IC layers) and the requisite EDA design tools. The mask sets are required in order to transfer the ASIC designs onto the wafer.
See also
Electronics design flow
References
Integrated circuits | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20custom |
SS501 is a South Korean boy band consisting of five members: Kim Hyun-joong, Heo Young-saeng, Kim Kyu-jong, Park Jung-min and Kim Hyung-jun. They debuted in 2005 with the EP Warning, which included their first number one song, "Never Again".
In 2007, SS501 entered the Japanese market with the maxi single Kokoro, which debuted at number five on the Oricon chart. The following year, in 2008, they became the first South Korean artists to win the award for Best New Artist at the Japan Gold Disc Awards.
SS501 has released one studio album and seven EPs in Korean, and two studio albums and three EPs in Japanese. The group has been inactive since 2010, however the sub-group Double S 301, composed of members Heo Young-saeng, Kim Kyu-jong and Kim Hyung-jun, continues to release music.
Etymology
The name of the band is a combination of letters and numbers that have special meaning. The first “S” stands for "superstar", the second “S” is an abbreviation for "singer", and the combination of 5, 0, and 1 symbolizes "five members united as one forever".
History
Pre-debut
Before debuting with SS501, most of the members had some experience in the entertainment world.
Kim Hyun-joong was initially about to debut in a five-member group which included Han Yeon of B2Y (now disbanded) who was to be the leader and Kim would be the youngest member. During 2001 and 2002, while working as a waiter in a family restaurant located at Jamsil-dong, Kim was introduced to a new set up management company CEO. While the group underwent training together, they were asked by their company to debut in China as a Hallyu project group but they rejected the offer and disbanded.
Heo Young-saeng started as a trainee at SM Entertainment for about 2.5 years. He then joined DSP Media (formerly known as DSP Entertainment) and trained for three months before debuting as a member of SS501. According to his father, if he had stayed with SM Entertainment as a trainee, he would probably have debuted with Super Junior.
Park Jung-min was once a commercial model for condoms. When he was 13, he was scouted by an agency and was accepted by both DSP Media and S.M. Entertainment. At that time, SM Entertainment told him that they were preparing a new group but the group consisted of many members. According to Park, this was probably Super Junior since he saw them rehearsing too.
Kim Hyung-jun appeared on Ock Joo-hyun's music video, "Catch" in 2004. He was also the first one to be included in SS501 which means he had the longest training period.
In addition, SS501 has had their first variety show before they officially debuted entitled SS501 M!Pick by MNET. It documented their pre-debut days and the three months after their debut.
2005–06: Debut
SS501 debuted on June 8, 2005 along with their first EP, Kyeonggo (, "Warning");. Their second mini album, Snow Prince was released in late 2005, five months after their debut. The group earned popularity right away as they won many rookie awards after their debut.
The group was inactive in Korea for most of 2006, although they had their first fan meeting in Japan in April of that year. The reason was due to Heo Young Saeng's throat condition, which required a surgery, thus resulting in a need for time to fully recover. In mid-2006, they held their first successful concert, "Step Up Concert" in Osaka, Japan. In late 2006, they returned to Korea in order to promote their first studio album, which was released on November 10 entitled S.T 01 Now. Singles from the album included "Unlock" and "Four Chance". Alongside promoting the album on various variety and music shows, they also filmed a show on MNet, which was called SS501 SOS. The group (excepting Heo Young Saeng, who was recovering from the surgery) also lent their voices for the 2006 animated movie Pi's Story.
2007–08: Breakthrough success, Japanese debut, Boys Over Flowers, and sub-unit
Later in 2007, the group debuted in the Japanese market to further spread their activities and challenge themselves outside Korea. The group at this time released their Japanese single Kokoro, alongside multiple versions, including one with all members and five featuring each member individually. The single debuted at the 5th spot on the Oricon chart, and moved to 3rd spot the next day. It was also chosen as an ending theme song for an anime entitled Blue Dragon.
SS501 appeared in the Japanese drama Hotelier as a cameo seen in episode seven. Later in September, SS501 released their second single in Japan entitled Distance. Finally in October 24, a month later, a full album was released with their self-titled album, SS501. SS501 also received the "Newcomer Award" by Japan Gold Disc Award in January 2008; this was the first time for Korean artists to receive this award.
SS501 returned to Korea with their single Deja Vu, which was released on March 13, 2008. The title track was the first song to be promoted, and they began their comeback on music channel M.Net's M Countdown. After their success with their single "Deja Vu", they began to promote their second single, "A Song Calling for You". They performed their Goodbye Stage on Music Bank in June 2008, to return to Japanese activities. Their third Japanese single was released on June 18, 2008 entitled Lucky Days. Then, for a short period of time, they return in Korea and released a mini album entitled, Find.
On October 4, the group represented Korea to perform at the Seoul World Cup Stadium, and received the Best Asian Artist Award at the 5th Asia Song Festival, organised by Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange.
On October 2, 2008, Kim Hyun-joong was cast for his first lead-acting role as 'Yoon Ji-hoo' in the Korean version of Hana Yori Dango, named Boys Over Flowers, a role for which he won the "Most Popular Actor Award" at the Seoul International Drama Awards 2009 and the "Popularity Award" at the 45th Baeksang Arts Awards. The series was broadcast on KBS during the first half of 2009. During this time, around early 2009, Park Jung-min was also cast for his musical debut in Grease as "Danny Park", where he received the award "Best New Musical Talent" by the Golden Ticket Awards. While both Kim and Park were busy with their schedules, the remaining three members formed 'SS501 Project Group' with Heo Young-saeng as the leader. The 'Project Group' was initially to be named after their fan club 'Triple S', however before the sub-unit group debut it was decided to retain 'SS501' name out of respect to the absent members. They released a project album named U R Man in November 2008, with a high tempo dance track "U R Man", which the three remaining SS501 members promoted by themselves, with the exception of some special performances that included all five band members. The project group also performed "U R Man" in episode four of Boys Over Flowers, where they appeared for a cameo performance. Moreover, they contributed to the Boys Over Flowers soundtrack with "내 머리가 나빠서" (Because I'm Stupid) track, in which they received multiple awards such as "Song of the Month (February)", "Best OST Award", and "Best TV Drama Song of the Year" just to name a few.
2009–10: EPs, first Asian tour, leaving DSP Media
SS501 released their official second Japanese studio album, All My Love, on May 13, 2009. Although they were doing a cappella performances during their past years, it was their first time to record and include an a cappella title track to their album, "All My Love". A promotional tour was held in Japan in support of the album.
On July 21, 2009, they released their sixth EP, Solo Collection, which consisted of the individual members' songs. It also includes a mini-drama starring SS501, particularly Kim Hyun-joong and Park Jung-min. In August 2009, they embarked on their 1st Asia Tour Persona, with two concerts in Seoul. It was followed by fifteen concerts in Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
The group's seventh EP Rebirth was released in two parts: in a limited and a full edition. The former was released on October 20, and the latter on October 22. SS501 promoted the album with the single "Love Like This", a track collaborated by Steven Lee, Sean Alexander, and Drew Ryan Scott. The single was also sung by Varsity Fanclub, Scott's group, in English lyrics with the same title single, which was released later in 2010.
In 2010, SS501 continued their 1st Asia Tour Persona concert in Thailand before holding their final encore concert, on February 27, in Seoul to conclude the tour. Although the release of a new EP was planned for May 1, 2010 (a nod towards "501" in the group's name, or as they call it "501" day), the date was pushed back in order to "add finishing touches". They performed at the 2010 Dream Concert later that month. Because Kim Hyun-joong was still recovering from a previous injury, they sang two ballads instead of the rumored comeback track.
Their last EP before the contract's expiration, entitled Destination, was released on May 24, 2010. The lead track, "Love Ya", composed by Steven Lee, is a song accompanied by an orchestra, and blended with a piano melody. Their first win for the lead track, "Love Ya", was on KBS' Music Bank, on June 11. On June 18, DSP announced that SS501 would end their "Love Ya" promotions due to the expiration of their contract on June 7, 2010, five years after their debut.
During the second half of 2010, upon the expiration of the group's contract with DSP Media, all the members signed with other management companies. Kim Hyun-joong signed with KeyEast, Park Jung-min joined CNR Media, Kim Hyung-jun with S-Plus Entertainment. Heo Young-saeng and Kim Kyu-jong both signed with B2M Entertainment.
Kim Hyun-joong explained in an interview that, at the time, there wasn't a company that would accept them as a whole, thus the group decided to take the chance to focus on their solo activities. In October 2010, Kim Hyung-jun announced that SS501 was planning release a new album in 2011 but was pushed back, probably because of their busy schedules.
2011–2015: Hiatus and SS501 Best Collection
With the group on hiatus, the members pursued solo activities.
Kim Hyun-joong joined KeyEast after leaving DSP Entertainment and started promoting both as an actor and singer. His first acting project was Korean drama Playful Kiss, that was broadcast on MBC in September 2010. He played the leading role of "Baek Seung Jo" in the drama. He then released his debut solo album Break Down on June 8, 2011 and it exceeded 70,000 pre-ordered copies in ten days. The album was certified gold in Korea and was certified platinum in Taiwan. The album also debuted at #1 in oricon weekly foreign album charts. In May 2015, Kim Hyun-joong officially enlisted for his mandatory military service.
Heo Young-saeng and Kim Kyu-jong held a joint fanmeeting, Kim Kyu-jong & Heo Young-saeng Story In Seoul on December 4, which continued in Hong Kong, Japan and countries across Asia. Heo Young-saeng was scheduled to launch his solo singing career on April 28, 2011, but had to postpone because he pulled the ligaments on his right hand during dance practice. His debut solo mini album, Let It Go was released on May 12, 2011, which features Kim Kyu-jong and Hyuna of girl group 4minute. The album peaked at number one on Gaon's album chart for the week starting on May 8, 2011. In November and December, Heo made his theatrical musical debut in The Three Musketeers. Afterwards on December 28, just before the end of the year, Heo released a soundtrack song entitled "The Words On My Lips" for Fermented Family, a Korean drama. Later in 2012, Heo joined the cast of KBS2 sitcom I Need a Fairy (or Sent From Heaven) in episode 23, playing the role "Heo Young Saeng/ Kaki". A month later, he released a soundtrack of the said drama entitled "Love Song". Heo Young Saeng enlisted in the army on October 31, 2013. After serving his mandatory military service as a police officer, he was discharged on July 30, 2015.
Kim Kyu-jong made his musical debut in Goong: Musical, playing the lead role of Crown Prince Lee Shin, in Kyoto, Japan from June 11 to July 1, and debuted as a solo artist in September 2011 with mini album Turn Me On. The album features rap by Heo Young-saeng in dance track "My Love", and Yang Jiwon of Spica in Yesterday music video. On July 23, Kim reported to the recruit training center of the 35th division in Jeonju, North Jeolla Province for four weeks of basic training. They further explained that he was originally exempted because he has a hepatitis B carrier. However, since there was a change in the conscription law, he was eligible to serve non-active duty as a public service worker. On July 18, Kim released a limited edition, and later on a normal edition, mini-album Meet Me Again dedicated to his fans before his enlistment.
Park Jung-min's comeback single, Not Alone, was originally planned to be released on November 25, 2010, but was pushed back to January 20, 2011. He, then, released his first mini-album The, Park Jung Min on April 1, 2011. Park was cast in a Japanese musical Bonds Of Boys as an exchange student from November 18 to 23, 2011. He also expanded his experience in acting by being cast in the Japanese drama, Love Song in August. He also contributed to KBS2's The Princess' Man OST in August, where he sang "Missing You" composed by Park Jung Wook.
Kim Hyung-jun signed with Avex Entertainment for his Japanese activities in January 2011. On March 8, 2011, Kim finally released his debut solo mini album My Girl with music videos for the two lead tracks "oH! aH!" and "Girl", in which Park Jung-min visited him during the music video shoot for the latter. A Japanese version was released on April 6, 2011 with two bonus tracks of Japanese versions of the two lead tracks. On July 27, Kim released his first Japanese single, Long Night. In October 2011, Kim made his theater debut in the romantic comedy musical Caffeine, where he played as a barista. After his acting debut on Black City, Kim starred on his first main lead role in KBS Drama's romantic comedy series, My Shining Girl in March, playing the role of "Kang-min".
During SS501's eight anniversary, SS501 members posted the same video on YouTube together to celebrate and greet their fans. Kim Hyun Joong was not able to be in the video at that time because he had a shooting on his variety show, Barefoot Friends. However, Kim Hyun Joong still talked about his debut on his Korea fanmeeting entitled 2013 KHJ Show - Party People, held at the same day of their anniversary.
On October 26, 2013, Heo had his first and farewell concert in Seoul entitled "2013 Heo Young Saeng Seoul Concert 0513 My Story", which marked the first time that all five members of SS501 appeared together on one stage and performed together as a group again after three years, as seen at the UNIQLO AX Hall.
In 2014, SS501 released "SS501 Best Collection" album in Japan on September. The compilation set features a total of two albums, one featuring their greatest Korean-language hits and the other featuring their Japanese-language hits. Volume One features 26 Korean-language songs. It comes with a bonus DVD containing 16 music videos while, Volume Two features 17 Japanese-language songs. It comes with a bonus DVD containing three music videos and additional bonus content. September 2, both "SS501 Best Collection" versions ranked on the Oricon Albums Chart at number eleven and thirteen respectively. Later that year, Kyujong was discharged from the military.
On January 17, 2015, SS501's special project group consisting of Young Saeng, Kyu Jong, and Hyung Jun performed on stage together at the Musical & Talk Concert, organized by the Seoul Police Promotional Team, which is where Heo Young Saeng had performed his military duties.
It was confirmed on September 2, 2015 that the trio sub-unit would return.
2016–2020: Double S 301 and Reunion
On January 20, 2016, CI Entertainment confirmed that SS501's special project group would debut as Double S 301. The group held its comeback showcase at Art Hall of Lotte Card Art Center on February 15 at 8pm KST, and released their official debut mini-album ETERNAL 5 on the following day.
In February 2017, Hyung-jun began his mandatory military enlistment and is expected to return in 2019. Kim Hyun Joong returned from his enlistment shortly after. On July 1, Jungmin completed his service.
On December 29, 2017, Youngsaeng announced that the group had reunited in Japan (minus Hyung jun, who was still serving military,) to discuss plans for a reunion album in 2018. Jungmin also announced that all 4 members had so far agreed, and planned to release it following Hyung jun's return.
On December 29, 2018, Hyungjun was discharged from the military, and announced he would join the group's discussions regarding a comeback.
On October 2, 2020, Youngsaeng and Kyujong held a performance under the SS501 name in celebration of Chuseok alongside U-Kiss, Narsha, Teen Top, and T-ara.
Artistry
Although most of their music is composed by various people, the members of SS501 have also contributed to their albums. Five of them wrote the lyrics for "Green Peas" from Rebirth Album dedicated especially to their fans. Kim Hyung-jun and his brother, Kim Ki-bum, formerly of U-KISS, composed, under the name "H&B", the songs: "Want It", "The One", "I AM" from U R Man Album and "Hey G" from Solo Collection Album. Kim Hyung-jun also wrote the lyrics of the song "Obsess" in their Rebirth album. Heo Young-saeng composed his solo song "Is It Love?" from Solo Collection Album and wrote the lyrics of "Until Forever", one of the tracks in SS501's album Destination. Park Jung-min composed the song "Kiss" which is sung by Rainbow from Gossip Girl Album, where he performed the song at their Persona concert. He also wrote the lyrics of Not Alone and contributed to all the other songs from his album. He wrote lyrics in Japanese and sang the song "Your Colour" himself for his new mobile drama for LISMO Channel in Japan entitled Love Song In August.
Discography
S.T 01 Now (2006)
SS501 (2007)
All My Love (2009)
Radio
2006–2007: SS501's Youngstreet –-- Kim Kyu-jong, Park Jung-min and Heo Young-saeng
2009–present: Music High –-- Kim Hyung-jun
Bibliography
2008: PHOTO501 --- photo book
2009: Endless Melody --- photo book
Concerts and showcase
Step Up in Seoul, South Korea (2006)
Step Up in Busan, South Korea (2006)
Step Up in Daegu, South Korea (2006)
Concert in Osaka, Japan (2006)
Concert in Seoul, South Korea (2006)
4th Annual Korean Music Festival in Los Angeles, California, USA (2006)
Concert in Tokyo, Japan (2007)
Concert in Shanghai, China (2008)
Concert in Tokyo, Japan (2008)
Concert in Osaka, Japan (2008)
SS501 Showcase with Triple S – Olympic Fencing Gymnasium, Seoul (15 November 2008)
Victory Concert in Los Angeles, California, USA (2009)
7th Annual Korean Music Festival in Los Angeles, California, USA (2009)
1st Asia Tour Persona in Seoul, South Korea – two concerts (July 2009)
1st Asia Tour Persona in Tokyo, Japan (2009)
1st Asia Tour Persona in Taipei, Taiwan (2009),
1st Asia Tour Persona in Shanghai, China (2009)
1st Asia Tour Persona in Hong Kong, China (2009)
1st Asia Tour Persona in Bangkok, Thailand (2010)
1st Asia Tour Persona Encore in Seoul, South Korea (27 February 2010 at Olympic Gymnastics Arena)
SS501 Special Concert in Saitama Super Arena (25 April 2010)
SS501 Newton X-Concert in Seoul, South Korea (13 June 2010)
Awards and nominations
References
External links
SS501 DSP Media official homepage (official Japanese homepage )
Musical groups established in 2005
South Korean dance music groups
K-pop music groups
Japanese-language singers
Pony Canyon artists
Musical groups from Seoul
DSP Media artists
MAMA Award winners
CI Entertainment artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS501 |
Constance Darlene Hunt (born 11 January 1950) is a Canadian lawyer, legal academic, and judge. Born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970 and a Bachelor of Law degree in 1972 from the University of Saskatchewan. In 1976, she received a Master of Law degree from Harvard University.
From 1973 to 1976, she was a counsel with Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the national Inuit organization in Canada. From 1976 to 1991, she was an associate professor and professor of law at the University of Calgary. From 1989 to 1991, she was the dean of law at the University of Calgary. From 1981 to 1983, she was counsel for Mobil Oil Canada.
She was appointed to the Court of Queen's Bench in 1991 and to the Court of Appeal of Alberta in 1995. In 1999, she was appointed a judge of Nunavut's Court of Appeal. In 2006, it was reported that she was one of three "short list" candidates recommended to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada replacing the retired justice, John C. Major.
Hunt is bilingual, and has heard cases in French at the Court of Appeal. In 2013, Hunt was listed as a NAFTA adjudicator.
References
Links
1950 births
Living people
Lawyers in Alberta
Harvard Law School alumni
Canadian legal scholars
Judges in Alberta
Canadian university and college faculty deans
Women deans (academic)
People from Yorkton
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Canadian women judges
ExxonMobil people
University of Saskatchewan College of Law alumni
Women legal scholars
Judges in Nunavut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance%20Hunt |
Marwah may refer to:
Al-Safa and Al-Marwah, hills in Saudi Arabia
Marwah valley, a subdivision of Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Moriah, the mount where Abraham went to sacrifice his son
Mohit Marwah, Indian actor
Ved Marwah (born 1932), Indian politician
See also
Marwa (disambiguation)
Marva (disambiguation)
Marwaha, an Indian surname | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwah |
Samuel Tredwell Sawyer (1800 – November 29, 1865) was an American attorney and politician. Although he served as Congressional Representative, today he is mostly remembered for fathering the two children of the young slave Harriet Jacobs, in whose autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, he features prominently.
Early life
Sawyer was born in Edenton, North Carolina, in 1800. He attended Edenton Academy and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Sawyer studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Edenton.
Political career
Sawyer was elected to the North Carolina State house of representatives, serving from 1829 to 1832. Sawyer was elected to the North Carolina Senate in 1834.
He was elected in 1836 as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837 - March 3, 1839), where he was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings. Sawyer was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the Twenty-sixth Congress, moved to Norfolk, Virginia, and resumed the practice of law. He was editor of the Norfolk Argus for several years. He was appointed a collector of customs at Norfolk on May 16, 1853, serving until April 6, 1858. Sawyer moved to Washington, D.C.
During the Civil War, he was appointed on September 17, 1861, as commissary with the rank of major in the Confederate service. He served until August 2, 1862.
Personal life
As a young man, before he married, Sawyer had a relationship with an enslaved Black woman, Harriet Jacobs, who was seeking protection from her master, Dr. James Norcom of Edenton. They had two children together, Joseph and Louisa, who were enslaved at birth, according to law, which transferred the mother's status as free or enslaved to her children. After Jacobs went into hiding, she arranged with Sawyer to buy their children together with Harriet's brother John S. Jacobs in order to protect them from a sale to slave owners further away. In her autobiography, Jacobs relates that Sawyer promised to legally manumit their children, but failed to do so.
In August 1838, Sawyer married Lavinia Peyton, with whom he had three additional daughters, Fannie Lenox, Sarah Peyton, and Laura. He moved to Washington, DC with his family when he served as a congressman.
Later Harriet Jacobs escaped from North Carolina, making her way to Philadelphia and then New York. She wrote her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and published it under a pseudonym in 1861. Sawyer features prominently in that book, pseudonymized as Mr. Sands.
Later years
Moving to the North, Sawyer died in Bloomfield, New Jersey in 1865.
See also
Twenty-fifth United States Congress
References
Further reading
Harriet A. Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself. Boston: For the Author, 1861. Enlarged Edition. Edited and with an Introduction by Jean Fagan Yellin. Now with "A True Tale of Slavery" by John S. Jacobs. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1987–2000. .
Jean Fagan Yellin: Harriet Jacobs: A Life. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004. .
External links
A True Tale of Slavery by John S. Jacobs. London, 1861. Republished online by Documenting the American South (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Written by Herself. by Harriet Jacobs. Boston, 1861. Republished online by Documenting the American South (University of North Carolina)
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
North Carolina state senators
1800 births
1865 deaths
People of North Carolina in the American Civil War
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
19th-century American politicians
People from Edenton, North Carolina
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Tredwell%20Sawyer |
The MG D-type "Midget" is a sports car that was produced by MG in 1931 and 1932. It used the engine from the MG M-type in the chassis from the MG C-type and was only available as a four-seater. Of the 250 cars produced, 208 were open tourers, 37 were salonettes and five went to external coachbuilders.
The car used the M-Type 847 cc engine that was derived from the overhead camshaft engine from the 1928 Morris Minor and Wolseley 10 with a single SU Carburettor producing at 4500 rpm. Drive was to the rear wheels through a three-speed non-synchromesh gearbox with a four-speed gearbox was an option on later cars. The chassis came from the C-Type and took the form of a ladder frame with tubular cross members and passed under the rear axle. The suspension used half-elliptic springs and Hartford friction shock absorbers with rigid front and rear axles and centre lock wire wheels, the brakes were cable operated with ) drums. At ), ) after the first 100 cars, the wheelbase was longer than the C-Type to cater for the larger body, but the track remained the same at ).
In spite of its looks the car was not very fast, being just possible in the tourer, the body being really too much for the small engine. The cars are quite rare today, many having been converted into C-Type replicas. At the same time as the D-Type was being made MG was also offering the 6-cylinder 1271 cc F-Type, and externally the two are virtually identical. The extra power of the F-Type made it a much better car, and it proved a bigger seller.
Gallery
References
MG Sportscars. Malcolm Green. CLB International. 1997
A-Z of Cars of the 1930s. Michael Sedgwick and Mark Gillies. Bay View Books. 1989.
see also www.mgdgroup.org
D
Cars introduced in 1931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MG%20D-type |
Marcos Martínez Ucha (born 15 October 1985 in Madrid, Spain) is a professional racecar driver.
Career
Martínez competed in karting events from 1998 until 2002, when he entered Spanish Formula Junior. He would stay there with moderate success for three years, moving to Spanish Formula Three in 2005 with the team Racing Engineering and reaching the 2nd place in the B-Class. In 2006 he jumped to the A-Class, managing an outstanding victory in Cheste, Valencia. Meanwhile, he participated in three races in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series, where he managed to start fourth on the grid and run in second place in one of the races. In 2007, he began racing Spanish Formula Three with a new team, Novoteam. After 3 meetings and due to the results obtained he changed to Tec-Auto searching for an improvement in the championship.
He competed in the latter part of the 2007 GP2 Series season for the Racing Engineering team, alongside Javier Villa and replacing Ernesto Viso. However, he did not compete in the races of the first meeting in which he was entered, as he failed to lap within 107% of the pole position time after problems in qualifying.
He returned to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series full-time for 2008, driving for Pons Racing alongside compatriot Máximo Cortés, and will continue with the team in 2009. His season began with two wins at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló. He followed that up with a third win in succession at Spa. He was the championship leader at the halfway stage, meaning that he was entitled to demonstrating a Renault Formula One car at the Silverstone meeting. He also added his fourth win of the season at that meeting. He did not score a point after that and slipped to seventh in the championship standings.
Racing record
Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Madrid
Spanish racing drivers
GP2 Series drivers
Euroformula Open Championship drivers
Superleague Formula drivers
World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers
Audi Sport TT Cup drivers
Pons Racing drivers
EuroInternational drivers
Racing Engineering drivers
De Villota Motorsport drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos%20Mart%C3%ADnez |
The Americas, also known as America, are lands of the Western Hemisphere, composed of numerous entities and regions variably defined by geography, politics, and culture.
The Americas are recognised in the English-speaking world to include two separate continents: North America and South America. The Americas are also considered to be a single continent named America in parts of Europe, Latin America and some other areas.
Physical geography
North America—the continent and associated islands of the Northern Hemisphere and (chiefly) Western Hemisphere. It lies northwest of South America and is bounded by the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific Oceans.
Middle America—the territory between the southern Rocky Mountains and the northern tip of the Andes. This isthmus marks the transition between North and South America. It may also include the Caribbean.
Central America—the narrow southern portion of mainland North America connecting with South America, extending from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Isthmus of Panama; alternatively, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt may delimit the region on the north.
Caribbean—the region between southeastern North America and northern South America, consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The islands—composed of the Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, and Lucayan Archipelago—are also known as the West Indies (or, in some languages, the Antilles).
South America—the continent and associated islands of the Western Hemisphere. It is chiefly in the Southern Hemisphere and lies between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, southeast of North America.
Human geography
Geographical or geopolitical regions
North America—when used to denote less than the entire North American continent, this term may include Canada, Mexico, and the United States, or just Canada and the United States together. It may also include the dependencies of Bermuda (U.K.), Greenland (Denmark), and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France).
Middle America—Mexico and the nations of Central America; often also includes the West Indies. Occasionally, Colombia and Venezuela are also included in Middle America.
Central America—the southern region of the North American continent, comprising Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Sometimes, Central America may be defined to only include the five countries which gained independence as the United Provinces of Central America. This definition excludes Belize and Panama.
West Indies—the island territories of the Caribbean.
South America—contains the nations of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and the French overseas department of French Guiana. Also includes the insular territories of the Falkland Islands (U.K.), the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (U.K.), Fernando de Noronha (Brazil), Trindade and Martim Vaz (Brazil), the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador), and the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile).
Middle America (United States)—Middle America may also refer to the midwestern United States or the middle-class segment of the U.S. population.
United Nations geoscheme
Northern America—the northern region of the North American continent, including Canada, the United States, Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and Bermuda.
Latin America and the Caribbean-extending from The Bahamas and Mexico to Argentina and Chile.
Central America—the countries south of Mexico and north of Colombia.
The Caribbean.
South America—all the countries south of Panama.
Within this scheme, the continent of America includes Northern America, Central America, the Caribbean and South America.
Political divisions
United States of America—a federal republic in North America founded in 1776 and comprising 50 states (one of which, Hawaii, is not considered to be located in North America) and one federal district (the District of Columbia), with several outlying territories of varying affiliation; commonly referred to as the U.S. or simply America.
Confederate States of America—a former confederation in North America from 1861 to 1865, comprising eleven southern states that attempted to secede from the United States of America: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. Their rebellion precipitated the American Civil War; upon its conclusion, the Confederate States were readmitted to representation in the United States Congress.
British America—former designation for British possessions in the Americas.
British North America—former designation for territories in North America colonised by Great Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly after 1783 and in reference to Canada. At the start of the American Revolution in 1775, the British Empire in North America included twenty colonies north of Mexico. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution and established boundaries between the United States and British North America; East Florida and West Florida were also ceded to Spain in the treaty, and then ceded by Spain to the US in 1819. From 1867 to 1873, all but one of the remaining colonies of British North America confederated (through a series of eponymous acts) into the Dominion of Canada. Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.
British West Indies—the islands and territories of the Caribbean under British colonial influence.
Federal Republic of Central America—formerly the United Provinces of Central America, a federal republic in Central America from 1823 to 1840 comprising the newly independent Spanish territories: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and (later) Los Altos. In 1838, the federation succumbed to civil war and dissolved.
Northern America (América Septentrional)-the first official name of Mexico.
Mexican America (América Mexicana)-a name chosen and drafted in the first Mexican constitution.
United Provinces of South America, denomination of Argentina during the early developments of the Argentine War of Independence, and official denomination of the country as per the 1819 Constitution (rejected 1820).
West Indies Federation—a federation of several Caribbean island colonies and territories of the United Kingdom (see also: British West Indies) from 1958 to 1962. This was followed by the West Indies Associated States, a smaller, looser polity, from 1967 to 1981.
Linguistic/cultural regions
Anglo-America—the region of the Americas having significant historical, linguistic, and cultural links to England or the British Isles, i.e., Anglophone; often just Canada and the United States.
Latin America—the region of the Americas where Romance languages derived from Latin–namely Spanish, Portuguese, and variably French–are officially or primarily spoken. Though French is spoken in Quebec, it is typically not included due to Canada's links to Britain.
Ibero-America—the region of the Americas having significant historical, linguistic, and cultural links to Spain or Portugal (both on the Iberian peninsula), i.e., Hispanophone and Lusophone.
Hispanic America (also Spanish America)—those countries inhabited by Spanish-speaking populations.
French America—the Francophone region.
Mesoamerica—a region of the Americas extending from central Mexico southeast to Nicaragua and Costa Rica; a term used especially in archaeology and ethnohistory for the region where an array of civilizations had flourished during the pre-Columbian era, and which shared a number of historical and cultural traditions.
Mesoamerican Linguistic Area—a sprachbund, or linguistic region, defined as the area inhabited by speakers of a set of indigenous languages which have developed certain similarities as a result of their historic and geographical connections; roughly co-terminate with the archaeological/ethnohistorical Mesoamerica.
Aridoamerica—an archaeological/ethnohistorical regional division, essentially comprising the arid/semi-arid northern portion of present-day Mexico, whose historical peoples are generally characterised by a nomadic existence and minimal reliance on agriculture.
Oasisamerica—an occasionally used archaeological/ethnohistorical term for a (pre-Columbian) cultural region of North America.
See also
American (word)
Naming of the Americas
Columbia (name)
Supercontinent, subcontinent, microcontinent, and continental shelf
Region, subregion, and trade block
geography
Physical geography
Political geography and geopolitics
Human geography and regional science
References
Sources
The Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online. 2005. New York: Columbia University Press (proprietary; limited access).
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. 2003. () New York: Merriam-Webster, Inc.
Oxford English Reference Dictionary, 2nd ed. (rev.) 2002. () Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
What's the difference between North, Latin, Central, Middle, South, Spanish and Anglo America? Geography at about.com.
Map of North a Middle America
Geography terminology
Definitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas%20%28terminology%29 |
In printing and publishing, proofs are the preliminary versions of publications meant for review by authors, editors, and proofreaders, often with extra-wide margins. Galley proofs may be uncut and unbound, or in some cases electronically transmitted. They are created for proofreading and copyediting purposes, but may also be used for promotional and review purposes.
Historical galley proofs
Proof, in the typographical sense, is a term that dates to around 1600. The primary goal of proofing is to create a tool for verification that the job is accurate. All needed or suggested changes are physically marked on paper proofs or electronically marked on electronic proofs by the author, editor, and proofreaders. The compositor, typesetter, or printer receives the edited copies, corrects and re-arranges the type or the pagination, and arranges for the press workers to print the final or published copies.
Galley proofs or galleys are so named because in the days of hand-set letterpress printing in the 1650s, the printer would set the page into "galleys", metal trays into which type was laid and tightened into place. A small proof press would then be used to print a limited number of copies for proofreading. Galley proofs are thus, historically speaking, galleys printed on a proof press.
From the printer's point of view, the galley proof, as it originated during the era of hand-set physical type, had two primary purposes, those being to check that the compositor had set the copy accurately (because sometimes individual pieces of type did get put in the wrong case after use) and that the type was free of defects (because type metal is comparatively soft, so type can get damaged).
Once a defect-free galley proof was produced, the publishing house requested a number of galley proofs to be run off for distribution to editors and authors for a final reading and corrections to the text before the type was fixed in the case for printing.
Uncorrected proofs
An uncorrected proof is a proof version (on paper or in digital form) which is yet to receive final author and publisher approval. The term may also appear on the covers of advance reading copies; see below.
These days, because much typesetting and pre-press work is conducted digitally and transmitted electronically, the term uncorrected proof is more common than the older term galley proof, which refers exclusively to a paper proofing system. However, if a paper print-out of an uncorrected proof is made on a desk-top printer or copy machine and used as a paper proof for authorial or editorial mark-up, it approximates a galley proof, and it may be referred to as a galley.
Preliminary electronic proof versions are also sometimes called digital proofs, PDF proofs, and pre-fascicle proofs, the last because they are viewed as single pages, not as they will look when gathered into fascicles or signatures for the press.
Final proofs
Proofs created by the printer for approval by the publisher before going to press are called final proofs. At this stage in production, all mistakes are supposed to have been corrected and the pages are set up in imposition for folding and cutting on the press. To correct a mistake at this stage entails an extra cost per page, so authors are discouraged from making many changes to final proofs, while last-minute corrections by the in-house publishing staff may be accepted.
In the final proof stage, page layouts are examined closely. Additionally, because final page proofs contain the final pagination, if an index was not compiled at an earlier stage in production, this pagination facilitates compiling a book's index and correcting its table of contents.
Advance reading copies
Historically, some publishers have used paper galley proofs as advance copies or advance reading copies (ARCs) or as pre-publication publicity proofs. These are provided to reviewers, magazines, and libraries in advance of final publication. These galleys are not sent out for correction, but to ensure timely reviews of newly published works. The list of recipients designated by the publisher limits the number of copies to only what is required, making advance copies a form of print-on-demand (POD) publication.
Pre-publication publicity proofs are normally gathered and bound in paper, but in the case of books with four-color printed illustrations, publicity proofs may be lacking illustrations or have them in black and white only. They may be marked or stamped on the cover "uncorrected proof", but the recipient is not expected to proofread them, merely to overlook any minor errors of typesetting.
Galley proofs in electronic form are rarely used as advance reading copies due to the possibility of a recipient editing the proof and issuing it as their own. However, trusted colleagues are occasionally offered electronic advance reading copies, especially if the publisher wishes to quickly typeset a page or two of "advance praise" notices within the book itself.
See also
Composing stick
Prepress color proofing
References
Printing terminology
Book terminology
Proofreading
Publishing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galley%20proof |
Pyle's Massacre, (also Pyle's defeat, Pyle's hacking match, or Battle of Haw River), was fought during the American Revolutionary War in present-day Alamance County on February 24, 1781. The battle was between Patriot troops attached to the Continental Army under Colonel Henry Lee and the Loyalist North Carolina militia commanded by Dr. John Pyle. Due to the unique uniform design of his forces, the Loyalists mistakenly thought Colonel Lee was the expected British cavalry commander, Banastre Tarleton, who was known to be en route to reinforce Pyle. When Lee's men opened fire, they took Pyle's force totally by surprise. This resulted in an extremely lopsided victory for Lee, and Pyle's command was scattered and routed.
Background
British general the Earl Cornwallis had been unable to catch Nathanael Greene's army (in what historians now call the "Race to the Dan"), who strategically retreated using a screening feint column under Col. Otho Williams, to Dix's Ferry (present day Danville, VA) allowing Greene to cross the Dan River at Irwin's (Turbeville, VA) and Boyd's Ferry (South Boston, VA) and out of North Carolina. Cornwallis, who had burned his baggage train at Ramsour's Mill (Lincolnton, NC), in chasing Greene completely exhausted his men, who were also starving in wet freezing weather with little forage from locals. All the boats for crossing the Dan River were taken by Greene (Colonel Henry Lee in command of the rear guard cavalry was the last to cross approx. 2 hours before the British arrived) so that Cornwallis was stranded on the NC side of the river. Cornwallis made an exhaustive trip South, establishing a headquarters to regroup and recover at Hillsborough, North Carolina, a colonial outpost city, on February 21, also to rally Loyalists to his side.
Dr. John Pyle (1723–1804) had moved to Chatham County in 1767. Noted for his loyalty to the King, he had assisted the Governor in the War of the Regulation, though he was not at the Battle of Alamance. When Cornwallis appealed for Loyalist volunteers, Pyle gathered between 300 and 400 men. He requested Cornwallis provide his men with an escort, and Banastre Tarleton with his cavalry and a small force of infantry, a total of about 450 men, marched to lead Pyle to safety.
General Greene spent days in Virginia from the 15th to the 22nd, where he was able to resupply, feed his troops, medically recover his wounded and gain reinforcements. On February 17 he detached Colonel Henry Lee with his cavalry, and Colonel Andrew Pickens with Maryland infantry and South Carolina militia, to recross the Dan and monitor British activity. This force crossed the Dan on February 18 and set up a hidden camp along the road between Hillsborough and Haw River crossing points. From there Lee sent scouts to watch for British movements.
Word came the next morning that Tarleton was moving toward the Haw with an estimated 400 men. Lee and Pickens followed behind Tarleton, who, they learned, had camped near the Haw. A planned attack was called off when scouts reported that Tarleton had again moved, after the militia companies he was expecting to meet did not show up. Pyle's force had delayed its movement (in violation of orders) to visit with family and friends before setting off.
At noon on February 24, Lee and Pickens captured two British staff officers and learned through interrogation that Tarleton was only a few miles ahead. In the waning hours of the day, Lee's Legion, who wore short green jackets and plumed helmets, encountered two of Pyle's men, who mistook them for Tarleton's dragoons, who wore similar uniforms. Lee used this to his advantage and learned that Pyle's troops were nearby. Lee instructed Pickens' riflemen to flank Pyle's position, and then trotted into the camp in full salute. Lee exchanged customary civilities with Colonel Pyle and began shaking his hand when the sounds of battle commenced.
Battle
The most commonly accepted account of the battle, pieced together from reports from Lee and Captain Joseph Graham, indicates that Lee's deception was purely chance, and that he had originally intended to avoid the Loyalists, intending instead to encounter Tarleton's Dragoons, the more important objective. The sounds of battle apparently commenced when the militia at the rear of Lee's Legion, recognizing the strips of red cloth on the hats of Pyle's men as the badge of Loyalists, alerted Captain Eggleston, who was new to the South and was not familiar with local Whig and Tory badges. When he asked one of the Loyalists which side he was on, the man replied "King George", and Eggleston responded by striking him on the head with his sabre. Seeing this, Pickens' riflemen joined in the attack. The cavalry line turned and also attacked the Loyalists. Pyle's men broke and ran, but many were either killed or wounded in the early exchanges. Many Loyalists, believing the attack to be a mistake, continued insisting they were on King George's side, to no avail. After 10 minutes, the remaining Loyalists had fled, and 93 Loyalists were known to be dead, certainly more were wounded and others were seen being carried off by friends. According to local legend, John Pyle was badly wounded in the battle and crawled into a nearby pond where he concealed himself until he could be rescued. After recovering from his wounds, he surrendered to the local militia. Later they were pardoned because of Dr. Pyle's care for wounded patriots.
Aftermath
Pickens and Lee never caught up with Tarleton, since Cornwallis ordered him to rejoin the main army on the night of February 24. Though pursued, Tarleton eventually got too close to the main British army for Pickens and Lee to attack safely. Additionally, Nathanael Greene's recovered army crossed the Dan River back into NC on February 22, proceeding for contact and action at Guilford Courthouse on March 15, 1781. Lee and Pickens broke off to screen and join the campaign, their task to demoralize and discourage Loyalist volunteers from adding to the diminishing British forces having been successful.
There were reports of atrocities committed by Catawba Indians in a late-arriving company, with claims that men were butchered after asking for quarter. The British were quick to denounce the incident as a massacre. Cornwallis, in a letter to Lord George Germain, reported that most of Pyle's force were "inhumanly butchered, when begging for quarters, without making the least resistance." Lee later noted that if he had wanted a massacre he would have chased down the remnants of Pyle's company. Rather, Lt. Col. Lee allowed those who wished to run away do so in the successful strategy of putting off the fantasy tales of the British Army of their superior cavalry, etc., and help put an end to recruiting efforts by the Loyalists in N. Carolina for the British, as described by Lee in his memoir, "Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States" and in 1969 republished by Arno Press, Inc., New York as "The American Revolution In The South." Ch 27.
The battle occurred a few weeks before the Battle of Guilford Courthouse and was a contributing factor in weakening British troop numbers and morale.
As late as the 1850s, local residents could point out the location of the battle and the mass graves of those killed during the skirmish; at least one known mass grave has been recently relocated. The site is marked with periwinkle and cedar trees and at one time had a stone marker (placed in 1880), which has since been removed from the site; the marker's current location is unknown.
See also
List of massacres in North Carolina
Notes
References
Further reading
"Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States" By Henry (light horse) Lee. Arno Press, Inc. New York 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 75-76561.
External links
Our Pyle Line - A family history of the Pyles that includes an account of Pyle's Massacre written by Dr. George Troxler of Elon University.
Deception at the Racepath; description of book by Carole W. Troxler of Elon University
Massacres in 1781
Alamance County, North Carolina
Conflicts in 1781
1781 in North Carolina
Battles of the American Revolutionary War in North Carolina
Battles in the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War 1780–1783
History of North Carolina
Massacres in the American Revolutionary War
Massacres committed by the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyle%27s%20Massacre |
Heather Moyse (born July 23, 1978) is a Canadian athlete and two-time Olympic gold medalist, representing Canada in international competition as a bobsledder, rugby union player, and track cyclist and competing at the Canadian intercollegiate level in rugby, soccer and track and field.
Awards
Moyse was a two-time Female Athlete of the Year at Three Oaks Senior High School in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where she competed in soccer, basketball, rugby and track and field.
A graduate of the University of Waterloo kinesiology program, she was inducted into that school's Sports Hall of Fame in 2002. Moyse received the Lieutenant-Governor's Award as P.E.I.’s outstanding athlete in 2006 and 2010, was named Prince Edward Island's Senior Female Athlete of the Year for 2005, 2006 and 2010 and has won ten Sport P.E.I. awards in total since 1998 . In 2010, Moyse and bobsled pilot Kaillie Humphries were nominated as Sportswoman of the Year by the American Women's Sports Foundation in the Team category. Heather also received the 2010 University of Waterloo Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Young Alumni Award. On April 14, 2011 she was named 2010 Ontario Female Athlete of the Year, making her one of the only, if not the only, athletes to win the same award in two provinces in the same year. In 2012, she was named by Sportsnet Magazine as one of the 30 Most Beautiful Athletes on the Planet. In 2014, she was a recipient of the Order of Prince Edward Island.
Bobsleigh
In 2005–2006, her rookie bobsleigh season, Moyse and her partner Helen Upperton won the Canadian Championships and earned four medals on the World Cup circuit including a gold at an event in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Heather also set push start records on five international tracks. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Moyse and Upperton finished in fourth place in the two-man bobsleigh event, missing bronze by five one-hundredths of a second behind the host Italian team. The pair set the push start record for the Olympic track with a 5.16-second start time in their first heat.
After a one-year absence due to educational commitments, Moyse returned to the World Cup circuit in 2007–2008 as one of two brakeman for Canada 1 pilot Helen Upperton. In four races the duo earned a silver, bronze and two 5th-place finishes. At the 2008 World Championships in Altenberg, Germany, Moyse raced with Canada 3 pilot Lisa Szabon and the pair finished in 11th place.
During the 2008–2009 World Cup season, Moyse returned from a serious shoulder injury (incurred while playing rugby for Canada). In her only race with Canada 1 pilot Upperton the duo won gold in Igls, Austria. Moyse and Canada 2 pilot Kaillie Humphries recorded a 5th in St. Moritz, silver in Whistler and 5th at the 2009 World Championships in Lake Placid, New York. In four other races, Moyse did not race with any of Canada's three sleds.
During the 2009–2010 World Cup season, Moyse & Humphries finished second overall behind only Sandra Kiriasis and won four medals including gold in Altenberg, Germany. They set or tied the track start record in every race in which they competed together.
She won a gold medal in the Two-woman competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics with Kaillie Humphries. The silver medal was won by fellow Canadians Shelley-Ann Brown and Helen Upperton. It marked the first time at the 2010 Olympics that Canadians had won two medals in one event. For winning the Gold Medal, Moyse was on the cover of Hello! Canada in March 2010. Moyse joins former University of Toronto student-athlete Jayna Hefford as the only University of Toronto graduates to claim a gold medal at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games.
Moyse missed the first half of the 2010–11 World Cup bobsleigh season due to an ankle injury suffered in the final game of the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup.
Moyse returned to the Canadian Bobsleigh Team in the fall of 2013, earning a spot as the top brakeman on the 2014 Canadian Olympic team. Heather and Kaillie Humphries repeated as Olympic gold medallists at the 2014 Sochi Olympics, pulling ahead of rival USA 1, piloted by Elana Meyers and braked by Lauryn Williams, on the final run of the four-heat competition. The pair became only the third Canadian Winter Olympians to repeat as gold medalists in a non-team sport and the only female gold medalists from the Vancouver Olympics to repeat as gold medalists in Sochi. Humphries and Moyse were also selected by the Canadian Olympic Committee as Canada's flagbearers in the closing ceremonies.
Moyse retired from bobsleigh after the 2014 Olympics, however a couple of months before the start of the 2017–18 season she decided to return to the sport after push athlete-turned-pilot Alysia Rissling contacted her about it in August 2017, having turned down the opportunity to return to competition with Humphries the previous year. With Rissling as driver, the pair finished 6th in the two-woman bobsleigh event representing Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Start records
Leading up to the 2010 Winter Olympics, Moyse held or had tied nine track start records with either Kaillie Humphries or Helen Upperton, including every track on the 2009–2010 World Cup circuit. Three of those records have since been broken. Moyse also won the 2013 World Push Championships, held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada in November 2013.
Start records held by Heather Moyse:.
Calgary – 5.45 in Nov 2013 with Kaillie Humphries
Cesana – 5.16 at 2006 Olympics with Helen Upperton (tied by Kaillie Humphries and Shelley-Ann Brown in 2009)
Park City – 5.20 in 2009 with Kaillie Humphries, current record of 5.10 held by Elana Meyers and Aja Evans of the USA
Lake Placid – 5.46 in 2009 with Kaillie Humphries, current non-World Cup record held by Elana Meyers and Aja Evans of the USA
Winterberg – 5.51 in 2014 with Kaillie Humphries
Altenberg – 5.74 in 2009 with Kaillie Humphries
Königssee – 5.25 in 2010 with Kaillie Humphries, current record 5.20 in 2013 by Elana Meyers and Aja Evans of the USA
Igls – 5.50 in Jan 2010 with Kaillie Humphries
Whistler – 5.11 twice at 2010 Olympics with Kaillie Humphries, tied by Elana Meyers and Lolo Jones in Nov 2012, non-World Cup record broken again by Humphries and Moyse with a 5.07 start at 2013 Canadian Championships held in October 2013
Career highlights
Olympics
2006 – Torino, 4th with Helen Upperton
2010 – Vancouver, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
2014 – Sochi, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
World Championships
2008 – Altenberg, 11th with Lisa Szabon
2009 – Lake Placid, 5th with Kaillie Humphries
2011 – Königssee, 3rd with Kaillie Humphries
2011 – Königssee, 3rd with Kaillie Humphries (team event)
World Cup
2005 – Calgary, 3rd with Helen Upperton
2005 – Igls, 2nd with Helen Upperton
2006 – Königssee, 2nd with Helen Upperton
2006 – St. Moritz, 1st with Helen Upperton
2008 – Cortina d'Ampezzo, 2nd with Helen Upperton
2008 – St. Moritz, 3rd with Helen Upperton
2008 – Igls, 1st with Helen Upperton
2009 – Whistler, 2nd with Kaillie Humphries
2009 – Lake Placid, 3rd with Kaillie Humphries
2009 – Altenberg, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
2010 – Königssee, 2nd with Kaillie Humphries
2010 – Igls, 3rd with Kaillie Humphries
2013 – Calgary, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
2013 – Park City, 2nd with Kaillie Humphries
2013 – Lake Placid, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
2014 – St. Moritz, 1st with Kaillie Humphries
Rugby union
Moyse represented Canada's national rugby team at both the 2006 and 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup. Moyse is considered one of the best fullbacks in the game. She has also been a member of the Canadian national women's sevens team and represented Canada at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Moscow, winning a silver medal. At the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup in England, where Canada finished sixth, Moyse and tournament most valuable player Carla Hohepa of New Zealand tied as the leading try scorers with seven tries each.
At the 2008 Hong Kong Sevens tournament, Moyse was the leading scorer in the women's tournament with 11 tries in just 4 matches, including three in Canada's semifinal win over Kazakhstan and Canada's only try in their 21–7 final loss to the United States. At the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup in Edmonton, Alberta, where Canada finished fourth, Moyse was Canada's only tournament all-star and the overall leading scorer in the tournament in terms of both points and tries with 35 points and 7 tries in five matches.
Moyse also starred in the CIS, now known as U Sports. At the University of Waterloo, where she earned a Bachelor of Science in Honours Kinesiology, Moyse was selected as team Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player, a three time CIS All Canadian and was an integral part of a team that won the OUA Silver medal and the first ever CIAU Bronze medal for Waterloo. At the University of Toronto, where she completed a Master's Degree in occupational therapy, Moyse led the Varsity Blues rugby team to the 2004 CIS national final where she was a tournament all-star and was again named a first-team All-Canadian during her fifth and final year of eligibility.
Honours and recognition
In 2016, she was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame at a ceremony that also marked the opening of the Hall's first-ever physical location in Rugby. She was the first Canadian woman and the second Canadian overall, after Gareth Rees, to be inducted into the Hall of Fame.
2006, the only Canadian on the Rugby World Cup All-World team
2006, World Cup tournament leading tryscorer (7 tries)
Named to the All-Canadian CIS team three times
Cycling
In 2012, Moyse represented Canada in her third international sport when she competed in the Pan-American Cycling championships in Argentina. Despite having only taken up the sports in 2011 and never having raced on an outdoor track, Moyse finished 4th in the 500m time trial at 36.207 seconds and fifth in the match sprint competition. In June 2012 Pro Cycling U.S. Grand Prix of Sprinting in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Track
Moyse represented Prince Edward Island as a sprinter at the 1997 Canada Games in Brandon, Manitoba and still holds the PEI Senior Ladies record in triple jump. She held the PEI Senior Ladies record in the 200m from 1996 until 2013. At the University of Waterloo, she competed for four years at the CIAU Championships and amassed ten OUA medals and 2 CIAU bronze medals in her career. During the 2000 OUA championship, Moyse won a 300M gold and 60M silver to lead Waterloo to a third-place medal and was named the OUA Track MVP. She also set five university track records, four of which stood as of September 2012. Moyse was named Waterloo's Track & Field and Overall Female Rookie of the Year in 1996–97 and Women's Track & Field Team MVP in 1997–98.
Soccer
In 1996–97, Moyse played one year of varsity soccer for the University of Waterloo while also competing in track & field.
Sponsorship
Heather Moyse serves as a Brand Ambassador for Prince Edward Island Potatoes. In this role, she has represented the PEI potato industry at events and promoted potatoes through social media and conventional media.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Heather Moyse, taking nothing for granted on IRB.com
Olympic Champion Moyse, back in rugby fold
1978 births
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Canadian female bobsledders
Canada women's international rugby union players
Canadian female rugby union players
Canadian people of Acadian descent
Canadian female cyclists
Living people
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Members of the Order of Prince Edward Island
Olympic bobsledders for Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
People from Summerside, Prince Edward Island
Rugby union fullbacks
Sportspeople from Prince Edward Island
University of Waterloo alumni
World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees
Canada international women's rugby sevens players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather%20Moyse |
Jonathan Smedley (1671–1729) was an Anglo-Irish churchman who became Dean of Clogher in 1724. He was an opportunist and satirical victim who engaged in a polemic with Jonathan Swift and the forces of the Tory party.
Life
He was born in Dublin, Ireland, received his MA from Trinity College in 1698 and served as a chaplain in the British Army before getting a parish in County Cork in 1709. Despite having that office, he spent as much time as he could in Dublin and away from his parish.
When Jonathan Swift was made dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Smedley pinned derogatory verses on the cathedral door, denouncing Swift. At that point, the Tory party was still in power in England, but the Whig party was ascendant. In 1715, just after the first Jacobite rebellion, Smedley was chosen to preach in for the Protestants. His sermon was full of invective for the High church position, and he accused the high churchmen of weakening the Church of England for an overthrow by the Roman Catholic Church, which was always scheming to take control.
In 1718, he again attacked high churchmen with A Rational and Historical Account of the Principles which Gave Birth to the Late Rebellion. This prompted Swift to respond from the pulpit to a sermon preached by "that scoundrel Smedley." Smedley again accused the high church of being in the Pope's service, and he further sees the great hope of England with only the House of Hanover and the dissenters (i.e. the remnants of the Puritan movement and the churches arising from it). He was further spending as much time in London as he was able and lobbying to get further preferment in the church. He did this by publishing nine of his sermons in 1719, and in 1721, 1723, and 1730 he published collections of his verses (at each juncture a time when Smedley was seeking preferment).
Richard Steele became one of Smedley's champions. He argued that Smedley had suffered persecution for his Whig views before 1714 (and the death of Queen Anne) and his tirelessness in the righteous causes of Protestantism. Smedley was given the deanery of Killala in western Ireland. He may not have spent much time at his new cathedral, and he presented himself as often as possible to the public as an anti-Swift, as the real "Dean Jonathan." In 1724 he resigned the cathedral of Killala for the cathedral at Clogher, which put him in the thick of the political life of Dublin and gave him easy shipping for London. He apparently wished to exchange that cathedral for a position in England itself. He was Dean of Clogher from 1724 to 1727.
In 1728 Smedley was made one of the bad examples in Alexander Pope's The Dunciad. Pope has Smedley among the muck-divers in Book II of the poem, where Smedley dives into the sewage and filth of Fleet Ditch and, though presumed dead, reemerges some 34 lines later with a lengthy tale of his exploits beneath the mud. That year, Smedley attacked Swift again in Gulliveriana and also attempted to attack Pope. Swift replied with The Duke's Answer. During this time Smedley attempted to get subscriptions for a projected A Universal View of All the Eminent Writers on the Holy Scriptures, but this came to nought.
Smedley was unable or unwilling to live within his income, and he mortgaged part of his deanery in Clogher to Benjamin Hoadley, then a rising figure in the political side of the Church. In 1729, Smedley resigned Clogher for the position of chaplain to Fort Madras in the British East India Company. He died en route on 30 March 1729 and was buried at sea. It later emerged that he had even sold his position of chaplain for £500 to someone in Madras.
Pope left Smedley in a position of infamy in the Dunciad B, and Swift, with Thomas Sheridan, attacked Smedley after his death in The Intelligencer #20 with "Dean Smedley Gone to Seek His Fortune", where he says that the man was "of Dullness, Pride, Conceit, a medley."
References
Seccombe, Thomas and Toby Barnard. "Jonathan Smedley". In Matthew, H.C.G. and Brian Harrison, eds. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. vol. 50. London: OUP, 2004.
1671 births
1729 deaths
Christian clergy from Dublin (city)
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Deans of Killala
Deans of Clogher
British military chaplains
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Smedley |
The Bicaz Gorge (Romanian: Cheile Bicazului, Hungarian: Békás-szoros) is a gorge in Romania, located in the north-east part of the country, in Neamț and Harghita counties. It is situated in the central part of the Hășmaș Mountains, and it is part of the Cheile Bicazului-Hășmaș National Park.
The gorge was excised by the waters of the river Bicaz and it serves as a passageway between the Romanian provinces of Moldova and Transylvania.
It is a noted location to see the wallcreeper, an uncommon cliff-dwelling bird.
National road passes through the gorge. The road along the of ravines, often in serpentines with rock on one side and a sheer drop on the other, is one of the most spectacular drives in the country. Also within the gorge is Lacul Roșu (the Red Lake), with its traditional cabins, hotels, and its famous lake (situated at altitude) caused by a landslide in the 19th century.
Cheile Bicazului is one of the main rock climbing sites in Romania.
See also
Bicaz
Cheile Bicazului-Hășmaș National Park
Lacu Roşu
Cheile Turzii
Tourism in Romania
References
External links
360° Panorama of Bicaz Gorge
A collection of pictures from Bicaz Gorge
Pictures from Bicaz Gorge
Itinerary and map the Bicaz Gorge
Bicaz Gorge art images
Geography of Neamț County
Geography of Harghita County
Canyons and gorges of Romania
Tourist attractions in Neamț County
Tourist attractions in Harghita County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicaz%20Gorge |
An adequate remedy or adequate remedy at law is part of a legal remedy (either court-ordered or negotiated between the litigants) which the court deems satisfactory, without recourse to an equitable remedy This consideration expresses to the court whether money should be awarded or a court order should be decreed.. Adequate remedy at law refers to the sufficient compensation for the loss or damages caused by the defendant with a proper monetary award. The court must grant the adequacy of remedy that will lead to a "meaningful hearing". Whether legal damages or equitable relief are requested depends largely on,whether or not the remedy can be valued. Both two elements, compensation and the meaningfulness of hearing, provide a proper way to have an adequate remedy. The word "meaningfulness" of hearing in the law process is the assumption that the defendant compensated must be meaningful for the injured party where the defendant made a fully covered compensation for all the losses. Hence, the hearing in which cannot give any right amount of compensation award or settlement is not "meaningful", and the unavailability of the compensation will lead to an inadequate remedy. The adequate remedy at law is the legal remedies by meaning it is satisfactory compensation by way of monetary damages without granting equitable remedies.
As an operation of law, an attorney often must present to the court whether there is an adequate remedy. This would be a basic principle of equity. When a monetary award is not an adequate or appropriate remedy, equity can order a "specific performance", an order of the court requiring a party to perform the obligations that he or she undertook to perform under the contract. The "specific performance" exists when there is an exchange under a contract that can not be found easily elsewhere or at all, such as antiques, parcels of land. Damages are often bifurcated or determined in a separate trial or as a part in parcel of different determination from whether a certain tort or contract has occurred.
History
The phrase "Adequate Remedies" first appeared in the Judiciary Act of 1789. It was elaborated that "adequate remedy" is denied that relief of the equity must be owned by the law. Although there is a contradiction in the 1938 of Federal Rules of Civil Procedures, that the equity of law must include "adequate remedy" in rule 57, Declaratory Judgements. On this judgements, it refers that although there is a monetary damage to a case a court may also issue a declaratory of the judgement. In the early United States legal history, "Adequate Remedies" is associated with the distinction between courts of law and equity. "Adequate Remedies" refers to the legal remedy, and equitable remedies that apply to the administrative or state court remedies. The court was unable to grant any equitable remedies such as specific performance where there is a plain legal remedy such as monetary damages. "Adequate Remedies" continues to appear in the federal case between 1938 and 1946.
Purpose of Legal Remedy
The remedy is defined as the remedy at law where the judicial remedy or legal remedy takes place in the court. It is the manner on which side is correct that is admitted wrongly by society. Therefore, it is crucial to protect the individual's right and categorised cases to ensure an adequate remedy. There are two main categories of remedies which are legal remedy and equitable remedy. The example for the classification of legal remedies is damage, one of the most found types of damages is the compensatory damages where it compensates directly to the injured party or the non-breaching party for the value of the loss. Nonetheless, it is essential to value or compensate the right amount to the injured party equivalent to the loss of their suffering. The second category is an equitable remedy where it exists for the specific performance, injunction and restitution.
Legal Remedy
Legal remedies in law are referring to a judicial relief or judicial remedy or damages. The damages are the compensation that is paid by the breaching party to the non-breaching party. Mainly, the legal remedy is presented in the civil law of the jurisdiction that supports rights, giving a penalty and court order. The legal remedy is effective when the suffering party is economically more benefit if there exists a monetary damage or compensation consequence to perform although the objective of these remedies is not to punish the defendant or the breaching party. "Adequate Remedy" is legal remedies that suffice the defendant to pay the loss of the victim.
Equitable Remedy
This equitable remedy is a presence when the courts ask the defendant or the suffering party to do something, such as breaching a contract or "injunctive relief. The equitable remedy can be a presence that if the defendant does not want any monetary damages for the case that they suffer; instead, they want equity that afford the relief. As a result, the breaching party should follow the court orders such as, stop doing something that they have been warned or exchange to such as actual property.
Specific Performance
The first type of equitable remedy is specific performance, it refers to the remedy that is claimed by the creditor to the debtor. The creditor can claim specific performance and sue the debtor when the debtor is breaking the affirmative decision. Such as the creditor sues the delivery of the unique personal land and property or unique car and paintings. There exist some restrictions to this type of equitable remedy where it is a limited remedy that only exists if the breaching of a contract must be unique items.
Injunction
Secondly, injunction, this is a legal action of the court order to stop and forbidding someone from doing something illegal activities such as breaching a contract. The example of injunctions are waste, trespass to land, injury to industrial property and misuse of confidential of the information.
Restitution
This is a remedy that bringing back to the parties to the place where before the deal was created. This type of equitable remedy is a contradiction with monetary damages or compensation. Restitution defined as the return of the restoration of a condition or contract. For instance, returning a property to the non-breaching party, which was taken by the defendant. An Individual who breaks an agreement ought not to endure a discipline, and the non-breaching party should not unlawfully enrich.
Type of Damages
Damages refer to the monetary reward or the compensation to make up of the damages caused by the defendant. There are six classifications of damages which are compensatory, consequential, punitive, incidental, nominal and liquidated damages. The objectives to fulfil the remedies is to make the plaintiff or suffering party not to suffer, the law allows several damages or compensation to cover the losses by the injured party.
Compensatory Damages
Compensatory damages are compensated directly to the injured party when the defendant is proven to refuse with the affirmative action. This type of damage is simple to calculate where it would cost as much as the loss of the injured party and in return giving back the exact service. Calculating for the compensation or the money of the loss for the non-breaching party is easy. Compensatory damages is a fixed amount of compensation. It can be calculated from the loss of the injured party by giving evidence of how much money is lost.
Consequential Damages
Consequential damages are the special damage where the defendant causes to lose profit money indirectly. However, this is difficult to examined and trace the violation to the breaching party. The most common cause for this damage is the breaching of a contract that leads to profit lost.
Punitive Damages
Punitive damages are different from the compensatory damages where the non-breaching party does not want to have compensation that is caused by the defendant. The injured party tends to punish the defendant in a different way in a similar charge. This damages can only exist only in the non-contract action. The punitive damages commonly occurred in the civil action in which there does not exist a criminal sanction. The jury or judge can make a decision to this damages that will impact more to a richer person that may pay more to encounter punitive damage since this damages are not hooked by the law.
Incidental Damages
Incidental damages are the expenses reasonably incurred by a non-breaching party in order to avoid further consequential or direct damages that result from the breach of contract. For example, following the breach of a contract for employment, incidental damages could include the cost incurred by the former employee to find another job.
Nominal Damages
In the nominal damages, the non-breaching party cannot give the evidence of loss but suffering from the injury. There is a lack of proof that the non-breaching is suffering from loss. One of the common examples of this damages is the personal injury claim, the non-breaching party or the plaintiff should provide the prove that and evidence of the physical injury suffered.
Liquidated Damages
Damages are sometimes hard to assess; hence the non-breaching party determine the amount to pay for the breach. The example of this damage is when the plaintiff has a contract in purchasing defendant's house under their agreement, and the defendant must pay back the deposit money as liquidated damages since there exists a breach of a contract by the defendant. Then, the plaintiff sued the defendant, but the defendant also argues that there was an accident that caused the death of her husband.
Example of Adequate Remedy
Case 1
The case of the Adequate Remedy goes something like this. James has a house which he values at $30,000. John, who is attracted to buying the house, gives the value to it at $60,000 and offers to James $50,000. After bargaining several times, the price still stays at this price. James and John sign a contract that states that John can take over the ownership of the house in 30 days. Hence the sale price of the house is at $50,000 and leave James $20,000 of surplus and John $10,000 of surplus. One week after signing the contract, Jack came to James and offered to buy the house at a higher price at $80,000. James then breaches his contract with John. John then files a lawsuit and sues James for violating the agreement, and he requested James to compensate for his loss. John is expecting the monetary damages where John wants to have an adequate remedy in the court. If the Adequate remedy by the judge is under monetary damage, Jack ends up taking the ownership of the house, and James is forced to value and pay for John losses which is $10,000 for his surplus losses and essential restitution.
Case 2
A neighbour building on a landowner's parcel would have little or no value that can be paid because land is unique, and an inadequate value could be ascertained; contrast this, for instance, with the neighbour borrowing the landowner's car and being 100% at fault for an accident. In the latter case, the valuation of the car plus other consequentially- caused damages can be reasonably valuated. Therefore, as a general rule, where the fair market value can readily be assessed, with certain carved exceptions, the remedy at law is damages (or money). Whereas, the "inadequacy" of a remedy at law leads a lawyer usually to seek equitable relief from the court.
References
Equity (law)
Legal action
Civil law (legal system)
Law
Human rights
Legal terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adequate%20remedy |
Andy Christian Soucek (; born 14 June 1985) is a Spanish-Austrian professional racing driver.
Career
Soucek was born in Madrid, Spain. His father is an Austrian of Czech descent and his mother is French. He holds dual Austrian and Spanish nationality, although he was born in Spain and has spent all his life there. He races under the Spanish flag because he "feels Spanish".
Karting
Soucek's career started in professional karting events during 1997, although he would not make a formula debut until his Portuguese Formula Ford drive of 2001. In 2002 he continued with karting whilst driving in Spanish Formula Three. In 2003 he ended his karting commitments, moving to the EV team.
Formula Three
He remained with EV during 2004 but would also drive two races for the GTA team. 2005 would be his key year, though, with Soucek's move to the Llusia team paying off after he won the title.
GP2 Series
After being in contention for the 2006 Championship in the World Series by Renault, Soucek signed to race in the GP2 Series for 2007 with the DPR team. He remained with DPR for the first round of the 2008 GP2 Asia Series, but was dropped after signing for rival team FMS International for the premier 2008 championship. Surprisingly, with only five days to the 2008 championship start, FMS International terminated Soucek's contract unilaterally, replacing him with fellow Spaniard Roldán Rodríguez . This left Soucek without time to find a new team in time for the season start. A legal dispute resulted between Soucek and FMS International.
However, he returned to race in the series after one round of the championship as a replacement for the injured Christian Bakkerud in the Super Nova team. After two races with Super Nova, Soucek then returned to the DPR team where he replaced Giacomo Ricci, himself substituting for the injured Michael Herck. and scoring his first championship point. Following his stint with DPR, Soucek returned once more to Super Nova as a permanent replacement for Bakkerud. He achieved one podium (at Hungaroring) and several more point finishes and ended the season tied with Roldán Rodríguez as best Spaniard.
Superleague Formula and Formula Two
Andy Soucek also represented the Brazilian side Corinthians (managed by EuroInternational group) in the 1st race of the 2008 Superleague Formula season, as Corinthians main driver Antônio Pizzonia was unable to participate, because of his schedule in Stock Car Brasil.
From the second race on, Soucek signed for Atlético Madrid to drive their car for the remainder of the 2008 Superleague Formula season.
In 2009, Soucek raced in the newly revived FIA Formula Two Championship, driving car number 22. Soucek clinched the title with three races to spare. As part of his prize for winning the championship, he tested for the Williams Formula One team on 1 December, setting the fastest time of the day.
Formula One testing
Soucek was confident of landing a Williams reserve drive in . However Williams signed Valtteri Bottas as their official reserve and test driver. Soucek instead signed as a test driver for Virgin Racing, joining Luiz Razia in that role. In August, Soucek left Virgin, stating that the team had broken their contract by not giving him any testing opportunities. In September 2010 he returned to Superleague Formula, racing for Galatasaray.
Sportscar racing
Subsequently, Soucek switched to racing GTs, making his debut in the final round of the 2012 Blancpain Endurance Series season at the Circuito de Navarra for Boutsen-Ginion Racing, and joining ART Grand Prix to race a McLaren MP4-12C for the 2013 Blancpain Endurance season.
He co-founded Integrated Racing Performance, a racing driver consultancy company, with Derrick Vopelka and Jorge Gil in 2011.
Racing record
Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Superleague Formula record
(Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete FIA Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup results
References
External links
Personal web site In Spanish (clicking "Palmarés" key, there's a pdf CV also in English and German)
1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Madrid
Spanish people of Austrian descent
Spanish people of Czech descent
Spanish people of French descent
Austrian people of French descent
Austrian people of Czech descent
Austrian racing drivers
Spanish racing drivers
Euroformula Open Championship drivers
GP2 Series drivers
Superleague Formula drivers
FIA Formula Two Championship drivers
GP2 Asia Series drivers
World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers
FIA GT1 World Championship drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
GT World Challenge America drivers
Walter Lechner Racing drivers
David Price Racing drivers
Super Nova Racing drivers
Racing Engineering drivers
De Villota Motorsport drivers
Alan Docking Racing drivers
EuroInternational drivers
ART Grand Prix drivers
Nürburgring 24 Hours drivers
Boutsen Ginion Racing drivers
M-Sport drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Soucek |
Tsentralny (masculine), Tsentralnaya (feminine), or Tsentralnoye (neuter) may refer to:
Tsentralny District (disambiguation), several districts in the countries of the former Soviet Union
Tsentralny Okrug (disambiguation), various divisions in Russia
Tsentralny Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Tsentralny in Volodarsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia is incorporated as
Tsentralnoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Work Settlement of Tsentralny in Miloslavsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia is incorporated as
Tsentralny (inhabited locality) (Tsentralnaya, Tsentralnoye), several inhabited localities in Russia
Tsentralnyi, Luhansk Oblast (Tsentralny), an urban-type settlement in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsentralny |
Bonham Road is a main road in West Mid-Levels, Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong, running mainly East-West. The road connects Pok Fu Lam Road in the west, near the University of Hong Kong, and Caine Road in the east, at the junction with Hospital Road and Seymour Road. It was named after Sir George Bonham, the third Governor of Hong Kong. It was renamed Nishi-Taisho Dori (西大正通) during Japanese occupation of Hong Kong.
Features
Several historical buildings are located on the road, including Fung Ping Shan building, Hung Hing Ying building and the Main Building of The University of Hong Kong. There are also a few well known schools located on the road, including King's College, St. Paul's College, Hong Kong, St. Stephen's Girls' College, St. Clare's Primary School, Bonham Road Government Primary School, Chinese Rhenish Church Hong Kong which is there in the 19th century.
Bonham Road Flyover
Bonham Road Flyover is a one-way, single-lane flyover allowing vehicles travelling north on Pok Fu Lam Road to turn east onto Bonham Road. It was completed in 1973.
Landmarks
Community Facilities
Sai Ying Pun Community Complex
Transport
MTR Sai Ying Pun station
Education
University of Hong Kong
St. Stephen's Girls' College
King's College, Hong Kong
St. Paul's College, Hong Kong
St. Stephen's Church College
Bonham Road Government Primary School
St. Claire's Primary School
Religious
Chinese Rehinish Church (Hong Kong)
Hop Yat Church (Hong Kong)
St. Anthony's Church (Hong Kong)
Nature
Stone wall trees
Military
88 Bonham Road - Western Barracks (Bonham Tower Barracks) of the Hong Kong Garrison
Intersecting roads
Listed from West to East:
Pok Fu Lam Road
Hill Road
Hing Hon Road (Private Road)
Western Street
Honiton Road
Centre Street (pedestrianised)
Park Road (Hong Kong)
Breezy Path
Hospital Road
Seymour Road (Hong Kong)
Caine Road
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
High Street, Hong Kong
Bonham Strand
References
External links
Roads on Hong Kong Island
Sai Ying Pun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonham%20Road |
Scott Philip Brown (born September 12, 1959) is an American diplomat, attorney, musician, and politician who served as the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He is a former United States Senator for Massachusetts (2010–2013), and also was the 2014 Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in New Hampshire. Before his Senate tenure, Brown served as a member of the Massachusetts General Court, first in the State House of Representatives (1998–2004) and then in the State Senate (2004–2010).
In 2010, Brown faced Democratic candidate Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley in a special election which occurred after the 2009 death of longtime Senator Ted Kennedy. While initially trailing Coakley by a large margin, Brown saw a sudden late surge and posted a come-from-behind win to become the first Republican elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts since Edward Brooke in 1972. Brown ran for a full Senate term in 2012, but lost to Democratic challenger Elizabeth Warren. After his defeat, Brown subsequently joined the board of directors of Kadant paper company, joined Fox News as a commentator, and joined Nixon Peabody where he provided legal services.
After re-establishing residence in New Hampshire, Brown then campaigned for the U.S. Senate from New Hampshire in the 2014 elections. Brown won the Republican nomination by a significant margin, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Jeanne Shaheen in the general election. On April 20, 2017, it was reported that Brown had been nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He was confirmed by the Senate as Ambassador to New Zealand on June 8, 2017 and arrived in New Zealand on June 25.
From January to August 2021, Brown served as dean of New England Law Boston, a private law school located in downtown Boston. In April 2022, Brown became head of The Competitiveness Coalition, a newly formed conservative coalition group.
Early life and education (1959–1978)
Brown is of English ancestry, from a family that has been in New Hampshire since the colonial era. His earliest American ancestor was 17th century immigrant Francis Matthews, who sailed from Devonshire, England. Brown is part of a 9th generation New Hampshire family and was born on September 12, 1959 at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard located on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine. Brown's father, Claude Bruce Brown, and mother, Judith Ann "Judi" (née Rugg), divorced when he was about a year old. When he was a young child, his mother moved with him to Wakefield, Massachusetts. He often spent his summers in Newburyport, Massachusetts, where his father served as a city councilor for 18 years. He also spent summers in Portsmouth, New Hampshire during his youth. His father and his grandfather were Republicans. His father has said that young Scott became interested in running for political office in the mid-1960s while accompanying him on a campaign for state office.
Brown had a difficult childhood; after her divorce, his working mother received welfare benefits. Brown experienced sexual abuse from a camp counselor who threatened to kill the 10-year-old boy if he told anyone – which he did not disclose, even to his family, until his autobiography Against All Odds (2011) – and physical abuse from his stepfathers. During various periods of his childhood, Brown lived with his grandparents and his aunt. He shoplifted many times, and was arrested for stealing record albums and brought before Judge Samuel Zoll in Salem, Massachusetts at the age of 13 or 14. Zoll asked Brown if his siblings would like seeing him play basketball in jail and required Brown to write a 1,500-word essay on that question as his punishment. Brown later said, "that was the last time I ever stole."
He graduated from Wakefield High School in 1977. He received a Bachelor of Arts in History, cum laude from Tufts University in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School in 1985. During his undergraduate career at Tufts, Brown was a member of the Kappa chapter of Zeta Psi International Fraternity.
Early career (1978–1992)
Army National Guard service
Brown has said the rescue efforts of Army National Guard during the Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 impressed him. When he was 19, he joined the Massachusetts Army National Guard, received his basic training at Fort Dix, New Jersey, and attended Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) classes at the campus of Northeastern University. He was trained in infantry, quartermaster, and airborne duties, and in 1994 he joined the Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG). He was active in the Guard for 35 years rising to the rank of colonel. As the Army National Guard's head defense attorney in New England, Brown defended Guard members who had disciplinary difficulties such as positive drug tests, and provided estate planning and real estate advice to those who were about to deploy to war zones. He spent ten days to two weeks with the Guard in Kazakhstan and a week in Paraguay.
He was awarded the Army Commendation Medal for meritorious service in preparing for troops mobilization for Operation Noble Eagle (the mobilization of National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve personnel to provide security on military installations, airports, and other potential homeland targets) shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and later for mobilization support for Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom of the Iraq War. He credits his military experience with causing him to focus on veteran's issues as well as issues of war and peace. He has served on the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, the Hidden Wounds of War Commission, and the Governor's Task Force on Returning Veterans during his career as a legislator.
On May 2, 2011, Brown announced that he would soon go to Afghanistan for training as part of his Army National Guard service. When deployed in August 2011 for a week of training, he spent most of his time in Kabul.
On August 1, 2012, Brown was promoted to colonel in a private ceremony presided over by fellow senator John McCain. He officially retired from the Army on May 13, 2014, after 35 years of service, and was awarded the Legion of Merit.
Modeling
In June 1982, Brown, then a 22-year-old law student at Boston College, won Cosmopolitan magazine's "America's Sexiest Man" contest. After two weeks on a crash diet of "three cans of tuna a day" and intensive workouts he was featured in the magazine's centerfold, posing nude but strategically positioned so that according to Brown, "You don't see anything". In the accompanying interview, he referred to himself as "a bit of a patriot" and stated that he had political ambitions. The Cosmopolitan appearance and its $1,000 fee helped pay for law school, and began for Brown a "long, lucrative" part-time catalog and print modeling career in New York and Boston during the 1980s. Brown took a leave of absence from Boston College and further pursued his modeling career in New York where he was represented by Wilhelmina Models while taking classes at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. He returned to Boston, after nearly two years, to continue his studies at Boston College and continued to work as a model represented by Boston agent, Maggie Trichon of Maggie Inc.
State political career (1992–2010)
Brown "caught the political bug" in 1992 when he was elected property assessor of Wrentham, Massachusetts. In 1995, he was elected to the Wrentham Board of Selectmen.
He successfully ran for the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1998, representing the 9th Norfolk District for three terms. Brown again moved up the ladder of state politics to the state Senate in March 2004 when he won a special election to replace Democrat Cheryl Jacques. Brown was re-elected for a full term in November 2004, and again in November 2006, running without opposition the second time. He won re-election in November 2008, defeating Democratic candidate Sara Orozco by a 59–41 percent margin. Following his re-election, Brown was one of five Republicans in the 40-seat Massachusetts Senate. In the Massachusetts Senate, Brown served on committees dealing with consumer protection, professional licensing, education, election laws, public safety, and veterans' affairs.
In February 2007, a controversy arose after Brown's appearance at King Philip Regional High School in Wrentham, Massachusetts as part of a debate on gay marriage. The high school students had launched a Facebook group attack on Brown and had made a derogatory remark about his daughter, Ayla. During his presentation, Brown defended himself and his daughter by directly quoting several vulgar statements they had made and announcing the names of the students who had written the statements. Critics questioned whether Brown should have quoted the profane comments in front of a high school audience.
In January 2010, The Boston Globe reported that during six terms in the Legislature, three each in the House and Senate, Brown had a modest record of legislative initiatives, but he had carved out a niche as a leading advocate for veterans. Richard Tisei of Wakefield, Massachusetts, the leader of the Republican minority in the state Senate, called Brown "the acknowledged expert on veterans' issues". State Senator Jack Hart, a Democrat of South Boston, said: "He does his homework, he's comprehensive in his approach, and on veterans' issues, he's one of them and has done a very good job on their behalf."
Brown lists among his achievements as a legislator his authorship of a 2007 law that created a check-off box on state income tax forms for veterans to indicate whether they served in Iraq or Afghanistan. The state uses the information to notify veterans of available services and benefits, including the Welcome Home Bonus that provides $1,000 for those returning from active duty in Afghanistan or Iraq.
U.S. Senate (2010–2013)
2010 election
On September 12, 2009, Brown announced his run for the U.S. Senate seat that became vacant with the death of Ted Kennedy, saying the state "needs an independent thinker". Washington Post columnist Kathleen Parker said that Brown's political positions did not fall neatly into party lines, and called Brown "mainstream in a nation that defines itself as mostly conservative". Boris Shor, political scientist at the Harris School of Public Policy, described Brown as a liberal Republican by national standards, but well-suited for his Massachusetts constituency. Shor explained the support Brown was receiving from the conservative national Republican Party as due to their "decentralized decision" to support the candidate most likely to win.
Brown won a landslide victory in the Republican primary on December 8, 2009, defeating late entrant and perennial candidate Jack E. Robinson by a margin of 89 percent to 11 percent.
Brown's opponents in the general election were Democratic nominee, Attorney General Martha Coakley, and independent Joseph L. Kennedy (no relation to the Kennedy family). At the outset, he faced overwhelming odds because he was relatively unknown compared to Coakley, he was running as a Republican in a very Democratic state, and much of his campaigning had to be done during the Christmas and New Year's season when citizens do not generally pay much attention to politics. No Republican had been elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts since Edward Brooke in 1972. He polled far behind Coakley for several months, but closed the gap in the early weeks of January.
One week before the January special election, a controversy arose over a Coakley approved television ad. The ad referenced the conscientious objector amendment Brown had sponsored for inclusion in a 2005 proposed state measure on patients' rights. This amendment would have allowed individual healthcare workers and hospitals to refuse to provide emergency contraceptive care (the morning-after pill) to rape victims if they objected due to a religious belief. After the amendment failed, Brown did vote for the main bill which, along with other patient rights, requires healthcare workers and hospitals to provide such care. Coakley's ad featured a male voice that said, "Brown even favors letting hospitals deny emergency contraception to rape victims," over the ad's graphic which had the words, "Deny rape victims care". Brown's daughter Ayla called the Coakley ad "completely inaccurate and misleading", and stated that her father would never deny care to a rape victim. Brown criticized Coakley for running what he described as attack ads.
In the 2010 Senate race, although Brown was not endorsed by the Greater Boston Tea Party group, the group organized a fund-raising breakfast for him in Boston. The Tea Party Express also endorsed Brown and bought ads on the national cable networks supporting Brown.
When told that at various times he has been labeled a conservative, moderate and a liberal Republican, he responded "I'm a Scott Brown Republican." According to Politifact, while Brown was a Massachusetts legislator, he voted about 90 percent with the state Republican leadership; however, Republican Leadership in the Massachusetts legislature is generally considered far more moderate than the national Republican Party.
A week before the general election, Brown raised $1.3 million from over 16,000 donors in a 24-hour moneybomb. His campaign office stated it raised $5 million over the period from January 11–15. Charlie Cook of the Cook Political Report stated on January 17 that he would put his "finger on the scale" for Brown as the favorite. The Rothenberg Political Report released a statement that "the combination of public and private survey research and anecdotal information now strongly suggests that Republican Scott Brown will defeat Democrat Martha Coakley in tomorrow's race." Suffolk University's polling of three bellwether counties on January 18 had Brown leading Coakley by double-digit margins. Brown won the January 19 election, performing well in traditional Republican strongholds and holding rival Coakley's margins down in many Democratic precincts.
On election night, after Coakley conceded, Brown gave a victory speech that stated, "It all started with me, my truck, and a few dedicated volunteers. It ended with Air Force One making an emergency run to Logan. I didn't mind when President Obama came here and criticized me – that happens in campaigns. But when he criticized my truck, that's where I draw the line." Brown's upset win stunned the national Democratic party, and foreshadowed nationwide success for Republicans in 2010.
2012 election
October 2011 polling showed Brown's approvals had fallen and he faced a competitive re-election if matched against Democrat Elizabeth Warren. However, his numbers in early March 2012 showed he led Warren by 8 points in the polls. In March 2012, Brown's lead had narrowed to 2.3%, within the margin of error. As of September 2012, several polls showed Warren with a lead over Brown (with one still giving Brown an edge).
On November 6, 2012, Brown was defeated by Elizabeth Warren in the general election. Warren was able to garner 54% of the vote, while Brown won 46%.
2014 election
After much anticipation by the media, Brown announced that he would run for U.S. Senate seat in New Hampshire. Born at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, to parents who lived near downtown Portsmouth, Brown then spent his early childhood in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and later in Wakefield, Massachusetts following his parents' divorce. He has also been a taxpayer and owned a home in Rye, New Hampshire for more than two decades. In December 2013, he sold his primary home in Massachusetts and expressed to the Rye town clerk "his intention to establish residency and register to vote".
Polling done by various agencies in April and May 2014 showed incumbent Senator Jeanne Shaheen leading Brown by 3 to 5 points. A poll conducted in May by the Republican Governors Association showed Brown leading Jeanne Shaheen by 5 points. In late August, a WMUR/UNH poll showed Shaheen leading Brown by two points, 46 to 44. Polls were mixed in the final three weeks of the election, with most showing Shaheen ahead by 1–8 percentage points, and weekly polls by NH1 News, New England College, and Vox Populi showing Brown leading by 1–4 points.
There were five total debates during the election, three of which were televised. The televised U.S. Senate Debates were hosted by WMUR-TV, NECN, and NH1 News. The WMUR Debate was moderated by George Stephanopoulos of ABC and Josh McElveen of WMUR-TV and was held at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown. The NH1 News Debate was moderated by Wolf Blitzer of CNN and Paul Steinhauser of NH1 and was held at the NH1 Media Center in Concord. The NECN Debate was moderated by Chuck Todd of NBC and was held at the Capitol Center for the Arts in Concord.
Brown was defeated by Shaheen by a margin of 51.6% to 48.4%.
Tenure
Brown was sworn into office on February 4, 2010, by Vice President Joe Biden, in his capacity as President of the Senate, on the floor of the Senate. As a Class I Senator, his term lasted until January 3, 2013.
Brown was among the speakers at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C., introducing former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney. Despite his appearance at CPAC, where he alluded to his election as making "big government spenders ... [not] feel good at all", Brown refused to rule out a vote for a Democratic "jobs bill" proposal, and praised both Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada and then-senior Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts for indicating their willingness to work with him across party lines. Brown was one of five Republican senators to vote for cloture on the jobs bill. The motion passed in the Senate 62–30 on February 22, 2010. In an up or down vote on the bill itself on February 24, 2010, Brown voted for final passage, helping to pass the bill 70–28.
According to The Washington Post, Brown voted with the majority of Republicans 80% of the time. In the same poll, "56% of Massachusetts voters believed he had kept his promise to be an independent voice in the U.S. Senate."
Brown's views on the 2011 budget cuts and his departures from Republican consensus placed him at odds with some of his fellow Republicans and prominent Tea Party conservatives, including Glenn Beck. He said he opposed these measures because he believed that they would have a negative impact on low income families and children.
In late June 2010, Brown was ranked as "the most popular officeholder in Massachusetts" according to a poll conducted by The Boston Globe. 55% of those polled had favorable opinions of Brown nearly five months after his January 19, 2010, special election victory to finish the term of the late Senator Edward Kennedy. 50% of respondents generally approved of how Brown had handled his new position.
On March 30, 2011, the Democratic Senate Campaign Committee released a poll showing that Brown remained the "most popular politician in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with an approval rating of 73 percent." Brown's "'re-elect' score was comfortably above 50 percent, which is unusual for a Republican in an overwhelmingly Democratic state."
Committee assignments
Brown's committee assignments were as follows.
Committee on Armed Services
Subcommittee on Airland (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery
Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information and International Security (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia
Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Committee on Veterans' Affairs
Caucus memberships
Senate Oceans Caucus
Private sector (2013–2017)
On February 13, 2013, Fox News Channel hired Brown as an on-air contributor. In February 2014, it was reported that Brown was no longer under contract with Fox News; however Brown's contract was renewed.
Following Brown's defeat in the 2012 U.S Senate race there was wide speculation that he would run again in 2013 due to John Kerry resigning from the other Massachusetts Senate seat to become Secretary of State. However, on February 1, 2013, he ruled out undertaking a third U.S. Senate campaign in less than four years.
In March 2013 Brown joined Nixon Peabody, a company which provides legal and lobbying services. Nixon Peabody reported that Brown would be working with the financial services and commercial real estate industries. In April 2014 Brown left the company. This work later received media attention when Lawrence Lessig with the Mayday PAC called Brown a lobbyist during the 2014 Senate election campaign. Brown's campaign denied the claim and said that Lessig had breached the honor code of Harvard University in making it.
While visiting the Iowa State Fair in August 2013, Brown stated he was considering a 2016 presidential run.
On August 21, 2013, Brown, during an interview on WBZ's NightSide With Dan Rea radio program, said he would not be a candidate for Massachusetts governor in 2014.
In September 2013, Brown joined the advisory board of Airtronic USA/Global Digital Solutions, a wireless communications and small arms manufacturer and exporter.
In early February 2014, Brown's email list was used to promote "a video from a doctor warning against flu vaccines, fluoridated water, and excessive exercising, among other questionable medical claims." The email generated news coverage. Brown subsequently cut ties with the vendor that sent the email.
On March 13, 2014, Brown began seeking campaign staff while aggressively courting New Hampshire's political elite, marking what local Republicans considered serious steps toward launching a Senate campaign against Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen.
On April 2, 2014, a local New Hampshire station reported that Brown "confirmed and announced on NH Today that he is running for the US Senate in NH" against Democratic Incumbent Jeanne Shaheen, and would announce the next week.
Post-2014 campaign
Brown had stated that win or lose in his 2014 New Hampshire Senatorial bid, he planned to remain a New Hampshire resident for the rest of his life. In January 2015, it was revealed that shortly after losing to Shaheen, Brown, age 55, filed an application to the Massachusetts State Retirement Board to claim a state pension. Brown did not rule out running for office again in the future. Brown is also working as a contributor for Fox News Channel and as an on-call host for Fox & Friends. Brown served as a featured speaker at the 2015 Republican Leadership Summit in Nashua, New Hampshire. Brown continues to play an active role in politics, campaigning and fundraising with senatorial and congressional candidates and meeting with Republican candidates for president in New Hampshire.
In 2015, Brown used his Facebook page to promote AdvoCare, a company that uses multi-level marketing to sell nutrition, weight-loss, energy, and sports performance products. He said that he had lost 30 pounds in 24 days on the regimen. He later added that neither he nor his wife were "paid spokesrepresentatives for Advocare," although he was confirmed as being an independent representative of the company. Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington has requested a Federal Trade Commission investigation of Brown's non-disclosure of financial interest in AdvoCare.
In February 2016, Brown became the first current or former U.S. Senator to endorse Donald Trump's presidential election bid. He introduced Trump to Anthony Scaramucci, who later briefly served as Trump's communications director.
In an August 2016 sexual harassment lawsuit against Fox News, Andrea Tantaros claimed that Brown made sexually suggestive comments to her and touched her without her consent. Brown denied the allegations.
Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa (2017–2020)
On April 20, 2017, it was reported that Brown was nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He was confirmed by the Senate as Ambassador to New Zealand on June 8, 2017 and arrived in New Zealand on June 25. He was confirmed as Ambassador to Samoa a month later.
In October 2017, the U.S. State Department advised Brown to be more culturally sensitive after he called United States Peace Corps volunteers "beautiful" and told servers at an event that they could make good money in the food service industry. The State Department conducted a review and Brown was counseled on standards of conduct for government employees.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Brown used a private jet to dodge the mandatory New Zealand quarantine. During this time, 112 other international diplomats used the government run quarantine facilities, which were temporarily housed in New Zealand hotels, to spend 14 days in monitored quarantine, but Brown's group of 6 did not. Brown's flouting of the uniform quarantine – partly credited with keeping New Zealand mostly COVID-19 free – caused a furor as was made known after Brown had returned from a "working holiday" in the US.
Brown departed New Zealand on December 20, 2020, at the close of his term, leaving Kevin Covert as the chargé d'affaires.
Post-ambassadorship
In December 2020, Brown became the dean of New England Law Boston. He had been selected for this position in November 2019, with an initial agreement being made that he would assume the position in December 2020, at the end of his commitment with the State Department to serve as ambassador. He started his tenure as dean in January 2021. He resigned from this job in August 2021, with his resignation letter citing a difference of vision from that of the board of directors, and declaring that he would "re-engage in the political arena," by supporting,
"candidates and causes who share my vision of re-building the Republican Party and moving our country beyond partisan gridlock."
In April 2022, it was reported that Brown would lead "The Competitiveness Coalition", a coalition formed in opposition to the proposed American Innovation and Choice Online Act (AICO). Organizations included in the coalition include the National Taxpayers Union, Americans for Prosperity, and the R Street Institute.
Political positions
Scott Brown is a moderate Republican. Brown describes himself as socially moderate and fiscally conservative. He said he is a "pro-choice moderate Republican." He said that he voted 50–50 with Democrats and Republicans and said he is bipartisan. He identifies himself as a "Reagan Republican". He has said, "I'm going to be the only person down there who is going to be the independent voter and thinker ... I've always been the underdog in one shape or form."
The University of Chicago's Boris Schor completed an analysis of his tenure in the state legislature and concluded that his voting record was more liberal than two-thirds of Massachusetts Republican state legislators. "He has supported abortion rights and come out against a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage – an issue he has said should be up to states to decide.
As a state legislator, he also supported Massachusetts' legislation to provide universal healthcare." However, in 2010, Brown was endorsed by the conservative Tea Party Express. After being elected, Brown said that "[he's] not a Tea Party member." As a United States Senator, Congressional Quarterly found that Brown voted with President Obama's 2011 positions on legislation 69.6% of the time. According to GovTrack, Brown was the third most moderate Republican Senator during his tenure in the Senate. He has a lifetime 53% conservative rating from the American Conservative Union and a 50% liberal rating from the Americans for Democratic Action. In 2012, the non-partisan National Journal gave him a rating of 54% conservative and 46% liberal.
Fiscal policy
Brown is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform's Taxpayer Protection Pledge. In a letter to the editor of The Boston Globe written on January 8, 2012, Brown wrote, "With out-of-control government spending and rising debt and deficits, politicians in Washington have proven time and time again that they cannot manage hard-earned taxpayer money responsibly. So why should we give them even more?"
Brown opposed a proposed multibillion-dollar tax on banks to recoup bailout money and prescribing of bank executive compensation. Brown, discussing the proposal through a spokesperson, said that he is "opposed to higher taxes, especially in the midst of a severe recession". He also opposed it on the grounds that the tax would likely be passed onto consumers in the form of higher service and ATM fees. In September 2010, Brown opposed a Senate bill creating a $30 billion government fund aimed at encouraging lending to small businesses. The bill combined the fund with $12 billion in new tax breaks. Brown criticized the bill for including a provision much like the Troubled Asset Relief Program, stating: "Banks making lending decisions with government funds is not the way to get our economy moving again."
On December 12, 2010, The Boston Globe reported that "[c]ampaign contributions to [Brown] from the financial industry spiked sharply during a critical three-week period last summer as the fate of the Wall Street regulatory overhaul hung in the balance and Brown used the leverage of his swing vote to win key concessions sought by firms." Brown received more than ten times the amount of contributions from the financial services industry as House Financial Services Committee chairman (and author of the legislation) Barney Frank during the same period. According to the Globe:
In December 2011, with a temporary payroll tax cut set to expire at the end of the month, the Senate considered the Middle Class Tax Cut Act of 2011, which would extend the tax cut for 113 million workers or families and fund the plan by a 3.25 percent surtax on incomes over $1 million. Brown voted against proceeding to take up the bill (i.e., voted against cloture that would end the filibuster). He announced that his opposition was to the surtax on high incomes.
Foreign policy
Brown supported President Barack Obama's decision to send 30,000 more troops to fight in Afghanistan. He cited Stanley McChrystal's recommendations as a reason for his support. He also advocates that suspected terrorists be tried in military tribunals and not civilian courts. He also supported the limited use of "enhanced interrogation techniques", including waterboarding against non-citizen terrorist suspects. He supports a two-state solution for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in which Israel and a new, independent Palestinian state would co-exist side by side.
Veterans services
In 2007, Brown wrote a law establishing a check off box on State income tax forms to allow a filer to indicate if he or she is a veteran of the Iraq or Afghanistan wars. The measure's purpose is to locate and inform returning veterans of benefits they qualify for. Known as the "Welcome Home" bonus, it was passed with bipartisan support. Brown also amended the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, with Senator Jack Reed (RI), to create a dedicated military liaison office within the newly formed Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which aside from defending against unscrupulous lenders, also ensures protection of military families against fraudulent life insurance policies. The measure passed the United States Senate 99 to 1.
Health care
Brown supported the 2006 Massachusetts health care reform, which requires all residents to have health insurance, with a state-subsidized plan created for those who cannot afford to insure themselves. Brown opposed President Obama's health care reform plan in the form approved. He stated that the plan was fiscally unsound, and during his campaign he pledged to be the 41st vote to filibuster the bill in the Senate.
Brown voted for a state measure on patients' rights that, among other provisions, requires emergency rooms to provide what is known as the morning-after pill to rape victims to prevent an unwanted pregnancy from developing. In consideration of health care workers who might have a religious objection to administering this medication, Brown attached what became known as the Conscientious Objector amendment which would have exempted these workers, as well as religious hospitals, from being required to provide this medication. However, Brown's amendment also required that all hospitals still had to provide a means for the patient to receive the medication, either by providing another healthcare worker willing to administer the medication, or, in the case of religious hospitals, to provide transportation to another facility, and in a timely manner. The amendment did not pass. Brown remains in favor of allowing religious hospitals to refuse to provide emergency contraception on moral or religious grounds, as he stated in the January 5, 2010 candidate debate.
Energy policy
Brown supports expanding solar, wind, and nuclear power, and offshore drilling exploration as a means to reduce the country's dependence on foreign oil. But, when faced with the controversial issue of whether an offshore wind farm should be allowed in the waters off the Cape Cod coast in Massachusetts, a major tourist destination and boating location, he expressed opposition, saying he believed it would hinder tourism and boating in the area.
Congressional ethics
Brown is an avid supporter of bipartisan cooperation among members of Congress. He has said that his goal in Congress is "to work in a bipartisan and bicameral manner." According to a Congressional Weekly study, in 2011 Brown was the second-most bipartisan U.S. Senator, voting with his own party only 54% of the time. By comparison, his partner in the Massachusetts Senate delegation, Senator John Kerry, voted with his own party 96% of the time, and the entire Massachusetts delegation to the House of Representatives voted with their party over 90% of the time. This centrism, though he was also sometimes described as libertarian in his ideology, had earned him criticism from the movement conservatives some of whom considered him a RINO or insufficiently conservative.
During the second half of 2011, Brown wrote the 2011 version of the STOCK Act, a move to ban insider trading in Congress. The act, which was co-written with Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), would prohibit asset trading by members of Congress (and their staff) who have advance knowledge of their assets' behavior due to their involvement in Congress. The bill was verbally supported by President Barack Obama during his third State of the Union address, and passed a major procedural hurdle in the Senate by a vote of 93–2 on January 30, 2012.
Social issues
Abortion and reproductive issues
Brown has stated that Roe v. Wade is settled law and is self-described as "pro-choice" or pro-abortion rights. When the Republicans approved a stricter anti-abortion platform, Brown sent a letter to protest the decision calling it a "mistake". When he ran for the Senate in New Hampshire in 2014, his campaign said that "he is pro-choice and will protect a woman's right to choose." He is against intact dilation and evacuation abortions (known legally as "partial birth abortion") and has spoken in favor of parental consent for minors who seek an abortion. In 2005, Brown supported a 24-hour waiting requirement as well as one that women receive photographs of ultrasounds before an abortion. In 2002, he selected the statement "abortion should always be legally available" in a questionnaire. He said he would not use abortion as a litmus test in Supreme Court confirmations. He opposes federal funding for elective abortion in accordance with the Hyde Amendment. He supported funding for Planned Parenthood. In 2012, he supported the Shaheen Amendment to allow the military to provide abortions for servicewomen who were the victims of rape or incest.
As a state legislator and senator, Brown has mixed reviews from abortion rights and anti-abortion special interest groups. In 2000, he was given a 100% score from Planned Parenthood and a 0% score from Massachusetts Citizens for Life. In 2002, NARAL Pro-Choice Massachusetts gave him a 100% rating for supporting abortion rights positions. However, as a United States Senator, in 2011 he was rated 45% by NARAL Pro-Choice America and 75% by the anti-abortion group, National Right to Life.
Regarding other reproductive issues, Brown says that he supports a woman's ability to access contraception and use birth control, but he did vote against requiring businesses with religious objections to provide birth control. As a state legislator, he also supported stem-cell research voting for a bill that included embryonic stem-cell research in 2005. He authored legislation to fund research for stem cells from umbilical cords. In 2005, he broke with his party by voting with Democrats in support of a bill to allow embryonic stem cell research. However, he later opposed funding for embryonic stem-cell research.
Family law
Brown has supported a presumption of shared parenting after divorce and was a co-sponsor of Fathers and Families HB 1460. He also voted for reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act in 2012.
Immigration
Brown voted against the DREAM Act. He also opposed President Obama's executive order to decrease the deportation of undocumented immigrants. During his campaign for Senate, his platform included tighter regulation on immigration. Brown opposed bilingual education classes in Massachusetts schools; Brown did respond to a survey and said that most undocumented immigrants should be deported but that there should be some exceptions. In 2004, Brown voted to allow undocumented immigrants to receive in-state tuition, but later opposed it in 2014.
As a US Senator in 2011, Scott Brown was the lead sponsor for a bipartisan resolution in Congress to apologize to Chinese Americans and Chinese immigrants for decades of discrimination, sinophobia, and violence, during the period from the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 through 1943 . After the resolution passed unanimously, Brown noted to the LA Times that this "cannot undo the hurt caused by past discrimination against Chinese immigrants, but it is important that we acknowledge the wrongs that were committed many years ago".
In 2012, Brown introduced legislation to give 10,500 employee visas to Irish immigrants. He argued that the Irish had fallen behind in the US immigration system. The Federation for American Immigration Reform, which seeks to reduce legal as well as illegal immigration, gave Brown a 100% rating in 2010 and Numbers USA, another PAC which seeks to restrict legal immigration, gave Brown an overall 32% rating.
Gun policy
Following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in December 2012, Brown became the first Republican Senator to support a federal ban on assault weapons. During campaigning in September 2014, he said he would not propose new legislation if he returned to Congress and would listen to all viewpoints if others presented a bill.
In 2008, Brown had an A rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA), but received a 43% score in 2012. In 2014, Gun Owners of America gave him a 30% grade and New Hampshire Firearms Coalition gave him a 14% rating; both groups are supportive of gun rights and oppose gun control.
Drug policy
After the Massachusetts Sensible Marijuana Policy Initiative was passed in 2008 and subsequently implemented, he proposed in the State Senate to enact higher fines for "drugged driving". In 2012, he opposed a state initiative to legalize the use of medicinal marijuana in Massachusetts. He also said efforts should be made to end drug trade in Afghanistan.
Same-sex marriage and LGBT rights
Brown voted for a 2004 state constitutional amendment to define marriage as between "one man and one woman" and which would have established civil unions. In 2007, Brown explained that he was opposed to gay marriage but also pointed "out that he does support civil unions for same-sex couples." Brown refers to the currently legalized same-sex marriage in New Hampshire and Massachusetts as a settled issue, which he does not wish to change. Brown has said he personally believes marriage is between a man and a woman, but would still oppose a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. He is in favor of civil unions. He opposes ending the Defense of Marriage Act, but otherwise favors leaving the issue to the states to decide. After initially claiming neutrality on "don't ask, don't tell", the ban on openly gay military personnel, he joined a handful of Republicans who broke with their party to repeal the ban in December 2010. In 2012, he voted in favor of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act which included provisions to assist victims regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity and which prohibited its funds from being given to programs that discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. He was one of 15 Republicans in the Senate who voted in favor of the re-authorization.
When asked about same-sex marriage, he focused on the economy; "Brown said the economic challenges in regards to jobs, healthcare and college tuition affect both straight and gay couples and that is what he is working to address." In 2012, his campaign said "Senator Brown is a supporter of civil unions, but believes that marriage is between a man and a woman. He believes that individual states are best positioned to decide whether to allow gay marriage, and he does not support a 'one size fits all' approach from the federal government."
He was endorsed by Log Cabin Republicans which supports same-sex marriage and other gay rights. The Log Cabin Republicans gave him their top award after he voted to repeal DADT. The Human Rights Campaign (HRC), an advocacy group which measures support for LGBT rights, has given Brown mixed ratings. In 2010, the HRC gave him a 33% score and in 2012 he was given a 55% score. The American Civil Liberties Union, which supports gay rights among other civil rights causes, gave Brown a rating of 50% in 2012.
Crime and security
Brown supports strengthening New Hampshire sex offender penalties, the death penalty, the right to bear arms (with some restrictions such as licenses and background checks) and strengthening border enforcement and creating an employment verification system with penalties for companies that hire illegal immigrants.
Intellectual property law
Brown opposed the PROTECT IP Act and the Stop Online Piracy Act.
Organizational associations and honors
Brown was a 35-year member of the Army National Guard, retiring as a colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps. Brown was awarded the Army Commendation Medal for meritorious service in organizing the National Guard to quickly support homeland security following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. He has also completed Airborne School and been awarded the Meritorious Service Medal.
Brown has received the Public Servant of the Year Award from the United Chamber of Commerce for his leadership in reforming the state's sex offender laws and protecting victims' rights. Brown's family has helped raise funds for such non-profit organizations as Horace Mann Educational Associates (HMEA, Inc.), Wrentham Developmental Center, Charles River Arc, and the Arc of Northern Bristol County, all for the care and support of those with developmental disabilities. He has also been recognized by the National Federation of Independent Businesses (NFIB) for his work in creating an environment that encourages job growth and expansion in Massachusetts. The Boston Globe selected Brown as the 2010 Bostonian of the Year, citing his "profound impact on national politics in the last year".
Personal life
Brown is married to former NH1 News reporter Gail Huff, whom he met through modeling. They have two daughters, Ayla, an American Idol semi-finalist and 2010 graduate of Boston College, and Arianna, a competitive equestrian and 2012 graduate of Syracuse University. Arianna earned a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Cornell University in 2018 and is a practicing vet. Gail announced in September 2021 her candidacy in a run for New Hampshire's 1st congressional district in the 2022 election.
Besides their primary home in Rye, New Hampshire, the couple owns three rental condos in Boston, and a timeshare on the Caribbean island of Aruba.
Brown and his family are members of the Christian Reformed Church in North America. They also have a relationship with a Trappist community of Trappist nuns at Mount St. Mary's Abbey in Wrentham, Massachusetts. The Brown family has "assisted efforts to raise $5.5 million" to replace the abbey's candy factory with a new greener facility with solar panels and a wind turbine.
Brown plays guitar in his spare time, and as of February 2014 had appeared on stage multiple times with American power pop band Cheap Trick as a guest musician. Brown is currently playing guitar with his band "Scott Brown and the Diplomats."
Brown coached his local Rye, New Hampshire, junior high school boys basketball team in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons before returning to the coaching in 2021.
References
External links
2010 Campaign Website, archived October 16, 2014
– Biographic profile of current activities in New Zealand
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1959 births
Living people
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American diplomats
Ambassadors of the United States to New Zealand
Ambassadors of the United States to Samoa
American military lawyers
American members of the Christian Reformed Church in North America
American people of English descent
Boston College Law School alumni
United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
Male models from Massachusetts
Massachusetts lawyers
Massachusetts National Guard personnel
Republican Party Massachusetts state senators
Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
National Guard (United States) colonels
New Hampshire Republicans
People from Kittery, Maine
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
People from Rye, New Hampshire
People from Wakefield, Massachusetts
People from Wrentham, Massachusetts
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Republican Party United States senators from Massachusetts
Trump administration personnel
Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Members of Congress who became lobbyists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Brown%20%28politician%29 |
Charles Biddle Shepard (December 5, 1808 – October 25, 1843) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina; born in New Bern, North Carolina, December 5, 1808; attended private schools of his native city and graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1827; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1828 and commenced practice in New Bern, N.C.; elected to the State house of representatives to fill out the unexpired term of Jesse Speight and served in 1831 and 1832; elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth Congress and reelected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841); resumed the practice of his profession; died in New Bern, N.C., October 25, 1843; interment in Cedar Grove Cemetery.
See also
Twenty-fifth United States Congress
Twenty-sixth United States Congress
References
External links
U.S. Congressional Biographical Directory
1808 births
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
1843 deaths
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
North Carolina Democrats
Politicians from New Bern, North Carolina
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
19th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Biddle%20Shepard |
St James Gaels or Gaeil Naomh Shéamais in Irish are a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Dublin, Ireland.
St James Gaels GAA Club was formed in July 1994 as the result of the amalgamation of An Caisleán and Guinness GAA Clubs. Both of these clubs had been in existence for many years but were struggling due to the increasing age profile within their respective base areas. Rather than allow two clubs to go out of existence both sets of club officers agreed, following negotiation, to pool resources with a view to forming one club serving Walkinstown and surrounding areas.
History
An Caisleán's roots can be traced back to a couple of weeks' after Dublin's victory over Derry in the 1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final. A group of church stewards in Walkinstown Church decided, in the aftermath of Dublin's success, that the newly constituted parish needed its own identity and that a parish GAA Club was an important part in promoting that identity. With the blessing of the parish clergy they formed CLG Naomh Gearóid (St Gerard's) and went on to become a powerful force in the local community.
The people who set up Naomh Gearóid purchased a site for a club premises and pitch. That site was situated in what is now the Robinhood Industrial Estate on the Long Mile Road (where Heiton/Buckley's Builders Providers is now) however for various reasons, mainly financial, they were forced to resell the property to pay off their debts.
In 1966 the club, who wished to play their games within the parish boundaries, formed an alliance with the Christian Brothers in Drimnagh Castle CBS schools where they were given use of the school pitches and dressing rooms. As part of this alliance the club members agreed to change their name to An Caisleán and became the club for Brothers, pupils and past pupils of the school, almost all of whom lived in Walkinstown parish.
During its twenty-eight years of existence An Caisleán won a number of leagues and championships at various grades. This included winning the Intermediate football league in 1987 and being runners-up in the Dublin Intermediate Football Championship in the same year. Another highlight was the junior hurlers reaching the Dublin Junior Hurling Championship final in 1979.
Guinness GAA Club's history goes back much further than that of An Caisleán. The first club to represent and win in an All-Ireland (1891) for Dublin was a team called Young Irelands. Young Irelands team and officials were all labourers in Guinness's Brewery and in the 1890s they won several All Ireland titles at a time when club champions represented their counties in All Ireland championships.
Young Irelands went out of existence in the early years of the twentieth century and were replaced in the brewery by a club called Phoenix GFC. This club had limited success during their lifetime before they in turn were replaced in the mid-forties by Guinness Hurling and Football Club who based themselves in the Iveagh Grounds.
Guinness GAA Club, whose membership was confined to families and employees of the brewery and its associated companies, ran into difficulties as a result of the rationalising of the brewery operation during the economic downturn in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This rationalisation drastically reduced the intake of staff members of playing age and forced those running the club to consider winding up their operation or merging with another club.
External links
St James Gaels GAA Club
Gaelic games clubs in Dublin (city) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20James%20Gaels%20GAA |
Opium is an Oriental-spicy perfume created for fashion brand Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) by perfumer Jean Amic and Jean-Louis Sieuzac of Roure, first marketed in 1977. Its top notes are a mixture of fruit and spices, with mandarin orange, plum, clove, coriander and pepper, as well as bay leaf. Its floral middle notes consist predominantly jasmine, rose and Lily of the Valley, in addition to carnation, cinnamon, peach and orris root. It is underlined by the sweet woody base note containing sandalwood, cedarwood, myrrh, opopanax, labdanum, benzoin and castoreum, in addition to amber, incense, musk, patchouli, tolu and vetiver.
Naming and theme
Opium caused a stir with its controversial name and brought accusations that brand designer Yves Saint Laurent was condoning drug use. In the United States, a group of Chinese Americans demanded a change of the name and a public apology from Saint Laurent for "his insensitivity to Chinese history and Chinese American concerns." They formed a committee called the American Coalition Against Opium and Drug Abuse, which expressed outrage at the choice of a name representing "a menace that destroyed many lives in China." However, the controversy in part helped to aid the perfume's publicity, with the perfume soon becoming a best-selling scent.
For its U.S. launch party in 1978, a tall ship Peking was rented from the South Street Seaport Museum in New York's East Harbor, and writer Truman Capote sat at the helm of the ship at the party. The ship was draped with banners of gold, red, and purple, and the Oriental theme was displayed with a bronze statue of the Buddha, decorated with white cattleya orchids. YSL carried the Oriental theme into its packaging design as well—the red plastic container holding the perfume's glass vial, designed by Pierre Dinand, was inspired by inro, the small Japanese lacquered cases that were worn hanging from the and held perfumes, herbs and medicines.
Opium, Lilac Perfume Oil and White Musk from The Body Shop, Juniper Breeze from Bath & Body Works and Royal Secret formerly Germaine Monteil were among the perfumes tested in 2003 in a study of the relationship of scents to memory.
Ad campaign controversy
A poster advertising campaign for the perfume caused another controversy in October and November 2000. It featured the model Sophie Dahl lying on her back wearing only a pair of stiletto heels, seemingly in the throes of ecstasy, with her legs spread apart as she covers one of her nipples with her hand. This ad campaign, photographed by Steven Meisel, was widely seen in print ads and posters in bus shelters in many countries. It won an award in Spain but generated an uproar in other places, particularly in the United Kingdom. The British Advertising Standards Authority received more than 700 complaints from the public, and ordered the posters to be withdrawn on the grounds that they were too sexually suggestive, degrading to women, and likely to cause "serious or widespread offence". American journalist Susan Faludi argued that certain perfume ad campaigns pushed "idealization of weak yielding women" to the extreme, citing the Opium advertisement as a primary example.
Opium pour Homme
YSL launched the male complement Opium pour Homme in 1995, created by Jacques Cavallier of Firmenich. Its main note is set by vanilla, with black currant, galangal, star anise, ginger and pepper, fusing with basic notes of cedar and Tolu balsam. Its flask was designed by Jérôme Failliant-Dumas.
Commercials
In 1992 and 1999, U.S. film director David Lynch created commercials for Opium.
References
External links
Yves Saint Laurent (ysl-parfums.com)
Perfumes
Products introduced in 1977
Yves Saint Laurent (brand) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium%20%28perfume%29 |
Frank John Kerr (8 January 191815 September 2000) was an Australian astronomer and physicist who made contributions to human understanding of the galactic structure of the Milky Way. Born in St Albans to Australian parents, Kerr returned with his family to Australia after the completion of World War I. He received degrees in physics at the University of Melbourne and an MA in astronomy from Harvard University (1951).
In 1940, Frank had joined the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) radiophysics laboratory in Sydney, Australia under the mentorship of Joseph Lade Pawsey. He pioneered the use of the magnetron, and also studied superrefraction.
In Australia in late 1951, Kerr used a specially built 36-foot transit telescope, the largest dish of its kind in Australia, and started mapping the Magellanic Clouds, discovering considerable amounts of neutral hydrogen and an extended envelope around both clouds. From 1954 to 1955, Kerr was a member of the team that determined the rotation of the Magellanic Clouds and their masses. Kerr coined the term "galactic warp" to refer to the distorting effect of the Magellanic Clouds' gravity on the shape of our own galaxy.
Over the years he worked with various astronomers, including Colin Gum and Gart Westerhout.
From 1966 to 1979, he was a visiting, then full, professor of astronomy at the University of Maryland, College Park. Kerr was the Director of the Astronomy Program during the mid-1970s. From 1978 to 1985, Kerr then acted as the Provost of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division at the University of Maryland.
He died of cancer at Silver Spring, Maryland.
References
External links
Physics Today 2001
Bright Sparcs
Obituary by American Astronomical Society
20th-century Australian astronomers
1918 births
2000 deaths
Harvard University alumni
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
University of Melbourne alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20John%20Kerr |
The 2006 National League Championship Series (NLCS), the second round of the 2006 National League playoffs, began on October 12 and ended on October 19; it was scheduled to begin on October 11, but was postponed a day because of inclement weather. The St. Louis Cardinals defeated the heavily favored New York Mets in seven games to advance to the 2006 World Series against the Detroit Tigers.
The Cardinals and the Mets took the series to the limit, reaching the 9th inning of Game 7 tied at 1–1. The Cardinals took the lead with Yadier Molina's two-run home run off Mets reliever Aaron Heilman in the 9th to put his team ahead, 3–1. Adam Wainwright would then hold the Mets scoreless in the bottom of the 9th to give St. Louis their second pennant in three years and 17th in club history, placing them one behind the New York/San Francisco Giants and the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers for most in NL modern history (since 1903). The Cardinals were making their third consecutive appearance in the NLCS; manager Tony La Russa, who led St. Louis to the 2004 pennant and previously won AL titles with the Oakland Athletics from 1988–90, became the first manager in history to win multiple pennants in both leagues.
The Mets, handicapped after season-ending injuries to Pedro Martínez and Orlando Hernández, qualified for postseason play for the first time since 2000. They defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers three games to none in the NL Division Series, while the Cardinals defeated the San Diego Padres three games to one. The Mets had home-field advantage due to their better record in the regular season (the Mets were 97–65, the Cardinals 83–78). The Mets and Cardinals previously met in the 2000 NLCS, which the Mets won in five games.
The Cardinals would go on to defeat the Detroit Tigers in the World Series in five games.
Summary
New York Mets vs. St. Louis Cardinals
†: Game 1 was postponed due to rain on October 11. Game 2 was subsequently pushed back a day as well.
‡: Game 5 was postponed due to rain on October 16.
Game summaries
Game 1
On a game pushed back a day by rain, both pitchers pitched magnificently. Tom Glavine earned the win with seven innings of shutout baseball. The game's only runs came on a two-run homer by Carlos Beltrán off losing pitcher Jeff Weaver in the sixth following a two-out single by Paul Lo Duca. Glavine was aided by stellar defense, as the Mets turned two double plays. In the third inning, with runners on first and second, third baseman David Wright caught a line drive off the bat of David Eckstein and threw to second to double up Yadier Molina. In the following inning, Juan Encarnación flied out to shallow center to Beltrán, who threw to first on the run to double up Albert Pujols, who went 0-for-3 with a walk. Left fielder Endy Chávez also made an excellent diving play on a flare hit by Ronnie Belliard. He replaced Cliff Floyd, who left in the second inning when he reaggravated his injured Achilles tendon.
Following the game, Albert Pujols was controversially critical of Glavine's performance, saying that the Cards would have dominated him if they were on their "A" game. His exact words were:
"He wasn't good. He wasn't good at all ... I think we hit the ball hard, we didn't get some breaks. I say he wasn't good at all. We just didn't get some opportunities and that's it.... [He did the] same thing that he always does. Throw a changeup, fastball and that was it."
Pujols' comments drew criticism from fans, talk-show hosts, broadcasters, and even his own manager. Tony La Russa, while maintaining that Pujols made the remarks in the heat of the moment, said "It's not a good statement. Glavine deserves credit." Tom Glavine, when asked, merely said that everyone is entitled to their own opinion. His teammate Billy Wagner, on the other hand, said:
"I know if Albert would have said that about me, I wouldn't have been as veteraned, as seasoned about it ... I probably would have said something back. That's me. Tom is classy all the way ... Tom's done so much. Tom doesn't have to stoop to tell people how good he is ... His numbers speak for themselves. With 290 wins for somebody that has been in the league as long as he has is pretty self-explanatory ...Tommy's stature is much bigger than Pujols'. He's [got] a Hall of Fame induction coming. Albert doesn't. Albert's a great player, but you just don't know about tomorrow. In this clubhouse, Tommy is the epitome of class and great leadership. He leads by what he does in the field. He doesn't lead by what he says in the media."
Game 2
In Game 2, the Cardinals erased three deficits en route to a 9–6 victory. In the first inning, Carlos Delgado hit a three-run home run off the Cardinals' ace Chris Carpenter. Yadier Molina then drove in two runs with a bases-loaded double in the second inning off of John Maine. In the bottom of the second, Endy Chavez hit a leadoff double, moved to third on a groundout and scored on José Reyes's, but Jim Edmonds's home run after a walk tied the game in the third. Delgado's home run in the fifth put the Mets back on top 5–4. Next inning, Cardinals reliever Josh Hancock walked Reyes, who scored on Paul Lo Duca's double, but Scott Spiezio, who started the game at third base in place of an injured Scott Rolen, had two hits and three RBIs, including a two-run triple on an 0–2 pitch in the seventh inning to tie the game at six off of Guillermo Mota. Lefty closer Billy Wagner came into the game in the top of the ninth inning. Left fielder Chris Duncan, a lefty hitter, was due to lead off, so, Duncan was pulled in favor of So Taguchi, a right-hitting outfielder who was a better defensive option than Duncan. Taguchi homered on the ninth pitch of the at-bat to put the Cardinals ahead, 7–6. Albert Pujols doubled and moved to third on a groundout before Spiezio's RBI double and Juan Encarnación's single extended the Cardinals' lead to 9–6. Tyler Johnson and Adam Wainwright retired the Mets in order in the bottom of the ninth as the Cardinals' win tied the series 1–1.
Game 3
Back in St. Louis for the next three games, St. Louis starter Jeff Suppan pitched eight innings as the Cardinals defeated the Mets, 5–0. Scott Spiezio hit a two-run triple (his second two-run triple in as many games) in the bottom of the first inning to put the Cardinals ahead, 2–0. The Cardinals loaded the bases on two walks afterward, but Mets starter Steve Trachsel struck out Yadier Molina looking to end the inning. Next inning, Suppan's leadoff home run made it 3–0, who then loaded the bases on two walks and a line drive off the bat of Preston Wilson that hit Trachsel, who left with a bruised thigh. Mets reliever Darren Oliver threw a wild pitch to Jim Edmonds that let David Eckstein score before Edmonds's RBI groundout plated the last run of the game. Oliver then pitched six shutout innings. After the game, the Mets had not scored in 12 consecutive innings, making it 14 before scoring in the third inning of Game 4.
Game 4
Game 4 was a pivotal game for the Mets, who were faced with a two-games-to-one deficit. They sent Óliver Pérez, a young lefty picked up at the trade deadline from the Pittsburgh Pirates, to face the Cardinals' own young starter, Anthony Reyes. In a game that would see an NLCS-record-tying seven home runs, the Cardinals grabbed an early lead in the bottom of the second on a Yadier Molina single. It seemed to be a repeat of the night before, but in the top of the third the Mets hit two home runs, one being Carlos Beltrán's second of the series and sixth against the Cardinals in NLCS play, and another representing David Wright's first hit of the series and first homer of the playoffs. The lead was short-lived, as Scott Spiezio walked with one out, then scored on Juan Encarnación's two-out triple to tie the game. The game would stay tied until the top of the fifth inning, when Paul Lo Duca reached on an error by Cardinals second baseman Ronnie Belliard, Beltrán managed a walk, and Carlos Delgado scored an opposite-field three-run homer, his third of the series, to make it 5–2 Mets and knock starter Brad Thompson out of the game. David Eckstein pulled the Cards back in the bottom of the fifth with a leadoff homer, but, in the top of the sixth, the Mets extended the lead. José Reyes and Paul Lo Duca hit back-to-back singles off of Josh Hancock, and Beltrán walked to load the bases. Delgado then hit a ground-rule double to drive in two runs, and then Wright walked. Tyler Johnson relieved Hancock and Shawn Green singled to drive in one run and José Valentín, who, at that point, was only 3-for-20 in the playoffs, hit a bases-clearing double down the left field line to make it 11–3. The Cardinals got home runs from Edmonds and Molina to make it an 11–5 game, but Mets manager Willie Randolph then pulled starter Pérez and bought in submarine pitcher Chad Bradford to try and limit the damage. Beltrán would tie the NLCS record of seven home runs with another in the seventh off of Braden Looper en route to a final score of 12–5. Beltrán also tied Babe Ruth for the all-time postseason record of seven home runs against the Cardinals, having hit four against them in the 2004 National League Championship Series while playing for the Houston Astros.
Game 5
After Game 5 was pushed back a day by rain, giving their starter now four days' normal rest instead of three days' short rest, the Mets sought a 3–2 lead in the NLCS. However, pitcher Tom Glavine could not stifle the Cardinals' offense. After the Mets jumped out to a 2–0 lead on Jose Valentin's double off of Jeff Weaver, the next half-inning Albert Pujols struck for his first home run and RBI of the series to cut the Mets' lead in half. Glavine then walked Scott Rolen and allowed a single to Jim Edmonds before Ronnie Belliard tied the game with a single to left. David Eckstein singled to lead off the fifth and scored on Preston Wilson double to put the Cardinals up 3–2. St. Louis padded their lead in the sixth through a pinch-hit home run by rookie Chris Duncan off of Pedro Feliciano that made the final score 4–2, Cardinals. The win moved the Cardinals within one of their second National League pennant in three years.
Game 6
Facing elimination, the Mets sent John Maine to start Game 6. He allowed no runs in innings, earning the win for the Mets. José Reyes hit a leadoff home run in the bottom of the first, giving the Mets a lead that would never be relinquished. Reyes became the first Met to lead off with a home run in the first inning of a postseason game since former outfielder Lenny Dykstra in Game 3 of the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. The Cardinals stranded several runners against Maine. In the top of the first inning, with runners on second and third and one out, Maine struck out Jim Edmonds. After Maine hit Juan Encarnación with a pitch to load the bases, Scott Rolen flew out. In the top of the third, with a runner on second and nobody out, Maine struck out Scott Spiezio and intentionally walked Albert Pujols. Edmonds then flew out and Maine struck out Encarnación to finish the job. Shawn Green hit an RBI single in the fourth off of starter Chris Carpenter and Paul Lo Duca added two more with an RBI hit in the seventh off of Braden Looper. Billy Wagner came on in the ninth and allowed a leadoff single to Juan Encarnación and subsequent double to Scott Rolen. After retiring the next two batters, Wagner gave up a two-RBI double to So Taguchi before retiring David Eckstein to end the game.
Game 7
In the decisive Game 7, the Mets sent Game 4 winner Óliver Pérez to the mound against Jeff Suppan. The Mets jumped out to an early 1–0 lead when David Wright drove in Carlos Beltrán in the first with a bloop single into right field. The Cardinals tied the game in the second when Ronnie Belliard hit into a squeeze play that scored Jim Edmonds from third. In the fifth, with runners on first and second and two gone, Albert Pujols came up to the plate. Even with Chad Bradford warming up in the bullpen, Willie Randolph decided to stay with Pérez. He got Pujols to pop out. Pérez ran into some more trouble in the sixth with a runner on and one out when Scott Rolen hit a long fly ball to left field to create one of the greatest defensive plays in postseason history.
The ball cleared the fence, but Endy Chávez amazingly brought it back by snow-coning the ball, jumping from the edge of the warning track to snag what looked to be a certain home run. He then threw the ball to first base quickly to double off Jim Edmonds, who had rounded second on his way to third, to end the inning. He received two curtain calls from the Shea crowd. With the bases loaded and one out in the bottom of the sixth, José Valentín and Chávez failed to get the go-ahead run in.
With the score 1–1 in the top of the ninth, Yadier Molina, with a man on-base, hit a deep fly off Aaron Heilman in the same general direction as the one Rolen hit in the sixth. This ball was hit too high for Chávez to catch, and it gave the Cardinals a 3–1 lead, with only three outs in the bottom of the ninth separating them from a pennant.
However, the Mets would not go quietly. Rookie closer Adam Wainwright yielded singles to Valentín and Chávez to lead off the ninth. After getting a strikeout and a fly-out, Wainwright walked Paul Lo Duca to bring up Carlos Beltrán with the bases loaded. Down 0–2 to the rookie Wainwright, Beltrán looked at a curveball on the outside corner at the knees for a called strike three to end the series.
This was the last playoff game played in Shea Stadium and the last postseason appearance for the Mets until 2015, six years after Citi Field opened. It was the second and last time that a visiting team won a postseason series at Shea (the other being the Yankees' victory over the Mets in the 2000 World Series).
Composite box
2006 NLCS (4–3): St. Louis Cardinals over New York Mets
Aftermath
The Cardinals would win the World Series by defeating the heavily-favored Detroit Tigers in five games. With 83 wins, the Cardinals set a record for the worst regular season win–loss total for any championship team. They would win another World Series in 2011 and make another World Series appearance in 2013 (where they lost to the Boston Red Sox). Manager Tony La Russa retired after the 2011 season, going out a champion. LaRussa would unretire ten years later in 2021 when he became the manager of the White Sox, a team he managed from 1979-1986.
As for the Mets, many commentators and fans had predicted that 2006 would be the beginning of a dynasty. They had dominated the National League that season, winning 97 games when no one else won more than 88, and they had a deep and young core, with Beltran, Wright, and Reyes being under 30 (the latter two being under 25). Supporting those three were Hall of Fame caliber players such as Carlos Delgado, Tom Glavine, Pedro Martínez, and Billy Wagner.
Nonetheless, 2006 stands as the only major achievement for this group. They suffered a historic collapse at the end of the 2007 season, losing 12 of their final 17 games to blow a 7-game division lead and miss the postseason by one game. After a smaller late-season collapse the next season (-game division lead with 17 games left), they again missed the postseason by one game. 2008 also marked the Mets final year at Shea Stadium. Following this, they suffered through several losing seasons and ultimately would not return to the postseason until 2015 - in which they won their fifth NL Pennant in franchise history - when Wright was the only Met from 2006 still on the roster. Manager Willie Randolph was fired in the middle of the 2008 season, Delgado played his last game in 2009, General Manager Omar Minaya was fired after 2010 (In 2017, he was brought back as a Special Assistant to then-General Manager Sandy Alderson), Beltran was dealt away at the 2011 trade deadline, and Reyes left via free agency that offseason. Reyes would eventually return to the Mets in 2016; he, along with Wright, would leave the Mets after the 2018 season - Reyes's contract was not renewed, and Wright retired as a result of spinal stenosis.
Despite the loss, Endy Chavez became a cult hero for his game-saving catch in Game 7. Mets' radio broadcaster Gary Cohen called it “not just the play of the year, but the maybe the play of the franchise’s history."
In 2022, Adam Wainwright and Yadier Molina, who were the battery that closed out the 2006 NLCS, broke the record for most games started by a starting pitcher and catcher. For the rest of their careers following the 2006 NLCS, both men were booed in New York when playing the Mets for their roles in Game 7.
See also
2006 St. Louis Cardinals season
Notes
External links
2006 NLCS box scores and play-by-play at Retrosheet
2006 NLCS statistics at Baseball Reference
"Cardinals win unlikely pennant", ESPN.com
"Seventh Heaven", Sports Illustrated
National League Championship Series
National League Championship Series
St. Louis Cardinals postseason
New York Mets postseason
National League Championship Series
National League Championship Series
2000s in St. Louis
National League Championship Series
Baseball competitions in New York City
Baseball competitions in St. Louis
Sports in Queens, New York
2000s in Queens
Shea Stadium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20National%20League%20Championship%20Series |
The 2006 American League Championship Series (ALCS), the second round of the 2006 American League playoffs, began on October 10 and ended on October 14. The wild card Detroit Tigers swept the West Division champion Oakland Athletics 4 games to none to advance to the 2006 World Series, and became the fourth AL team to win 10 pennants, joining the New York Yankees (39), the Athletics (15), and the Boston Red Sox (11). Magglio Ordóñez's game-winning walk-off home run in the bottom of the 9th inning of Game 4 sealed the pennant for the Tigers. This ALCS marked the 5th different AL pennant winner in as many years (following 2005 with the White Sox, 2004 with the Red Sox, 2003 with the Yankees, and 2002 with the Angels).
The Athletics defeated the Minnesota Twins 3 games to none in the AL Division Series, and the Tigers defeated the Yankees 3 games to 1. The Tigers faced the National League champions St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series, but lost in five games. The Athletics had home-field advantage (despite the Tigers having a better regular season record) as the wild card team defers home field advantage in the LCS regardless of regular season record.
The Athletics were seeking their first AL pennant since 1990, while the Tigers captured the league title for the first time since their win in the 1984 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 1972 American League Championship Series (then a best-of-five series), in which Oakland defeated Detroit in 5 games. Detroit manager Jim Leyland, who led the Florida Marlins to the 1997 World Series title, became the seventh manager in history to win pennants in both leagues. It was the second consecutive ALCS without the Yankees and Red Sox.
Summary
Oakland Athletics vs. Detroit Tigers
Game summaries
Game 1
Tuesday, October 10, 2006 at McAfee Coliseum in Oakland, California
Oakland was 0-for-13 with runners in scoring position, while Detroit turned four double plays (both are LCS records). Tigers first baseman Sean Casey left the game in the bottom of the sixth inning due to an apparent leg injury. Brandon Inge homered with two outs in the third off Barry Zito, who allowed a double and two walks to load the bases before Magglio Ordóñez's single scored another run. Next inning, Iván Rodríguez hit a leadoff home run off Zito, who then walked Craig Monroe. Marcus Thames then hit into a forceout, advancing to second on D'Angelo Jiménez's error and scoring on Inge's double. Inge moved to third on Curtis Granderson's groundout, then scored on Plácido Polanco's single. Oakland avoided a shutout when Milton Bradley doubled to lead off the eighth off Joel Zumaya, moved to third on Frank Thomas's groundout, and scored on Jay Payton's groundout.
Game 2
Wednesday, October 11, 2006 at McAfee Coliseum in Oakland, California
Oakland struck first in Game 2 when Mark Kotsay doubled in the first with one out off Justin Verlander, moved to third on a wild pitch, and scored on Milton Bradley's single, but Detroit tied it when Carlos Guillén doubled to lead off the second off Esteban Loaiza, moved to third on a groundout, and scored on Craig Monroe's sacrifice fly. In the third, Kotsay doubled with two outs off Verlander before Bradley homered to put Oakland up 3-1. In the fourth, Detroit loaded the bases on two singles and a walk with one out off Loaiza before Monroe's single scored a run, Alexis Gomez's 2-run single gave Detroit the lead, and Brandon Inge's sacrifice fly put the Tigers up 5-3. In the sixth, Monroe doubled off Loaiza with two outs before Gomez homered to put Detroit up 7-3. Eric Chavez's leadoff home run off Verlander in the bottom of the inning cut the lead to 7-4. Next inning, Bradley homered with two outs off Wilfredo Ledezma to make it 7-5 Detroit, but the Tigers got that run back in the ninth on Granderson's leadoff home run off Huston Street. In the bottom of the inning, Oakland got three straight two-out singles off Todd Jones to load the bases, but Frank Thomas flew out to center to end the game. Since the ALCS has been increased to a seven-game series, no team has come back to win the series after losing the first two games at home.
Game 3
Friday, October 13, 2006 at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan
Oakland infielder Mark Kiger, who was called up from the minors for the ALCS following an injury to Mark Ellis, entered the game in the eighth inning as a defensive replacement for second baseman D'Angelo Jiménez, thereby becoming the first player in modern baseball history to make his major-league debut in a postseason game. Kenny Rogers also continued to dominate, not allowing the A's to score once for his second victory in the postseason. Curtis Granderson walked to lead off the first off Rich Harden, moved to third on Craig Monroe's single, and scored on Plácido Polanco's single. Magglio Ordóñez's sacrifice fly made it 2-0 Tigers. Monroe's leadoff home run in the fifth off Harden made it 3-0. Todd Jones picked up his second save with a 1-2-3 ninth.
Game 4
Saturday, October 14, 2006 at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan
In Game 4, Mark Kotsay walked with one out in the first off Jeremy Bonderman, then scored on Milton Bradley's double. One out later, Bradley scored on Eric Chavez's double to put Oakland up 2-0. Jay Payton homered in the fourth to make it 3–0. In the fifth, however, Brandon Inge singled off Dan Haren, moving to second on an error. After moving to third on a groundout, Inge scored on a double by Curtis Granderson, who then scored on Craig Monroe's double. Magglio Ordóñez homered in the sixth to tie the game at three. In the bottom of the ninth, Huston Street got two outs, then allowed back-to-back singles to Polanco and Monroe before Ordóñez launched a three-run walk-off home run to win the game and advance the Tigers to the 2006 World Series. Ordóñez's blast was the first pennant-winning home run since Aaron Boone's in Game 7 of the 2003 ALCS and came on the 30th anniversary of Chris Chambliss' pennant-winning walk-off in Game 5 of the 1976 ALCS.
Composite box
2006 ALCS (4–0): Detroit Tigers over Oakland Athletics
Aftermath
A few days after the conclusion of the series, Billy Beane fired manager Ken Macha. Although the A's went 368-280 in his four seasons as manager, Macha frustrated management and players throughout his tenure. Macha's fractured relationships with players such as Nick Swisher and Rich Harden had been the source of Bay Area stories for several seasons. Even prior to the 2006 season, there was controversy with Macha as he opted out of the last year of his contract and almost took the Pittsburgh Pirates' manager job, but was later rehired by Oakland for the 2006 season. After his firing following the AL Championship Series, Macha would later serve as the Milwaukee Brewers' manager from 2009 and 2010.
After the season, ace pitcher Barry Zito signed a record seven year free agent contract with the San Francisco Giants, ending his seven year run with the Athletics. Zito was the last man standing in Oakland's Big Three rotation of Zito, Mark Mulder, and Tim Hudson. From 2000-2004, the Big Three helped the A's win a division title in 2000, 2002, 2003 and a wild card berth in 2004. In those years, each man made an All-Star appearance multiple times and Zito won the 2002 Cy Young Award. To date, Zito was Oakland’s last Cy Young award winner.
The Tigers and Athletics would meet again in the postseason in the American League Division Series in 2012 and 2013, with the Tigers winning both series in five games. By 2012, Justin Verlander was the only player on either team that played in the 2006 American League Championship Series. Verlander's pitching performance in 2012 and 2013 gave him 30 straight scoreless innings against the A's in the playoffs, breaking the record for scoreless innings against one team in the postseason set by Christy Mathewson (28).
As of 2022, the Athletics and Tigers have not won a World Series since the 1980s (1984 for Detroit and 1989 for Oakland).
References
External links
2006 ALCS at Baseball Reference
American League Championship Series
American League Championship Series
Detroit Tigers postseason
Oakland Athletics postseason
American League Championship series
American League Championship Series
American League Championship Series
2006 in Detroit
American League Championship Series
Baseball competitions in Detroit
Baseball competitions in Oakland, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20American%20League%20Championship%20Series |
Nicolas Hülkenberg (, born 19 August 1987) is a German racing driver who drives for the Haas F1 Team in Formula One. He was the 2009 GP2 Series champion, and is a previous champion of both the Formula 3 Euro Series and A1 Grand Prix, as part of A1 Team Germany. He is one of six drivers since 2005 to win the GP2 Series/Formula 2 championship in his debut season, the others being Lewis Hamilton, Nico Rosberg, Charles Leclerc, George Russell, and Oscar Piastri. Outside of Formula One, he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2015 on his first attempt and also contested two rounds of the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship season for Porsche.
Hülkenberg graduated to Formula One in with the Williams team. Despite claiming the first pole position for Williams in more than five years, he was not retained for and joined Force India as a test and reserve driver, being promoted to a race seat with the team for the season. In he drove for the Sauber team, but returned to Force India for the season. In October 2016, it was confirmed that he would switch to Renault for . He was replaced by Esteban Ocon for the 2020 Formula One season and left without a seat, in turn joining Racing Point as a reserve driver. In 2020, he drove for Racing Point in three races, following positive COVID tests for both Lance Stroll and Sergio Perez. He then would drive again in place of Sebastian Vettel at Aston Martin at the first two races of the 2022 season, following Vettel's positive COVID test. He returned as a full-time driver for the 2023 season, driving for Haas F1 Team.
, Hülkenberg holds the record for the most Formula One career starts without a podium finish, a record he broke when he failed to finish in his 129th race (the 2017 Singapore Grand Prix) and in so doing passed Adrian Sutil's previous record of 128; the record currently stands at .
Early life
Hülkenberg was born in Emmerich am Rhein, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany to Klaus Dieter and Susanne Hülkenberg. Dieter Hülkenberg owns a shipping company, Hülkenberg Spedition e. K, based in Emmerich am Rhein. Hülkenberg trained as a freight forwarding agent at his father's company. He is fluent in German, Dutch, French and English.
Career
Early career
Hülkenberg made his karting debut in 1997, at the age of 10. In 2002 he was German Junior Karting Champion and the following year he won the German Kart Championship.
Hülkenberg was previously managed by Willi Weber, the long-time manager of Michael Schumacher. Weber predicted that Hülkenberg would be ready for Formula One by . He also praised Hülkenberg as an "unbelievable talent" and said he reminded him of Schumacher as a young driver. He also stated that he nicknamed him "The Hulk", after the fictional superhero, in reference to Hülkenberg changing his personality whilst at the wheel.
Formula BMW (2005)
Hülkenberg made his German Formula BMW debut in 2005, dominating the championship and winning the title comfortably. He finished first in the Formula BMW world final but was stripped of the win after it was claimed he had brake-tested his rivals during a safety car period.
A1 Grand Prix (2006–2007)
Hülkenberg also joined the German A1 Grand Prix team for the 2006–07 season. Nine wins in his rookie season made him the most successful driver in A1GP history. It meant he almost single-handedly won Germany the championship with 128 points, 35 more than Team New Zealand.
Formula Three (2006–2008)
Hülkenberg finished fifth in the German Formula Three Championship (ATS Formel 3 Cup) in 2006. For 2007 he switched to the Formula 3 Euro Series with the ASM team that had taken Lewis Hamilton and Paul di Resta to the last two championships. His first win came at the Norisring from 18th on the grid, he won again in the rain at Zandvoort and added a third at the Nürburgring. But he ran into trouble at Magny-Cours, being penalised in qualifying for passing the chequered flag twice, and crashing into Filip Salaquarda in the race. Hülkenberg finished his rookie season 3rd in the championship, with four wins and 72 points.
Hülkenberg won the non-championship Masters of Formula 3 race at Zolder from teammate (and F3 Euro Series championship leader) Romain Grosjean after Grosjean stalled at the start. Hülkenberg won the Formula 3 Euro Series championship in 2008. He amassed 76 of his total of 85 points during the feature races on Saturdays, taking seven wins in the progress.
GP2 Series (2009)
Hülkenberg made his GP2 Asia Series début for the ART Grand Prix team at the third round of the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series in Bahrain, where he took pole position at his first attempt. He finished both races in fourth place and this left him in seventh place in the championship. His second race weekend in Qatar, saw him become the first night race pole-sitter, and promptly turned that into becoming the first race-winner under lights after a dominant performance. Such was his performance that he ended up over thirteen seconds clear of second-placed driver Sergio Pérez. He finished third in the sprint race, taking his championship points tally to 27 from just four races. Despite this, he finished sixth in the championship.
Hülkenberg continued with ART into the 2009 GP2 Series, partnering Pastor Maldonado, and took his first win in dominant fashion, during his home round of the series at the Nürburgring. With the series' top eight inverted grid, Hülkenberg started eighth for the sprint race. He won the sprint race as well, becoming the first driver to do the weekend double since Giorgio Pantano at Monza in the 2006 season. In doing so, he became only the second driver to complete the clean sweep, with pole position, two fastest laps and two wins; equalling the achievements of Nelson Piquet Jr., who achieved it at the Hungaroring, also in 2006. Hülkenberg clinched the title with two races to spare, after a third-place finish in the Monza sprint race, shadowing Brazilians Luiz Razia and Lucas di Grassi home. The result left him with an unassailable 22-point lead heading to the final round, and in the process becoming the first driver to clinch the championship without the need for a final round decider. He became the third rookie GP2 champion after Nico Rosberg and Lewis Hamilton, and the second behind Hamilton to win the GP3/F3 title, and the GP2/F2 title in consecutive years. A fifth win followed at the Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, allowing Hülkenberg to break the 100-point barrier, and eventually won the title by 25 points from Vitaly Petrov. Worthy of note is that Hülkenberg ended the season 64 points clear of his teammate Pastor Maldonado, who would later go on to get his Williams race seat for the 2011 Formula One season.
Sportscar racing
It was confirmed in November 2014 that Hülkenberg would compete in the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans in a third factory-backed Porsche 919 Hybrid. He also contested the Spa-Francorchamps round of the World Endurance Championship as preparation.
On 14 June 2015, he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race, driving alongside Britain's Nick Tandy and Earl Bamber of New Zealand. They completed 395 laps, one lap ahead of the car of their Porsche teammates Mark Webber, Brendon Hartley and Timo Bernhard, who took second place. This win was Porsche's first overall victory in the event since the 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans. Hülkenberg's triumph made him the first active Formula One driver to win at Le Mans since Johnny Herbert and Bertrand Gachot, who performed the same feat in 1991.
Formula One
Hülkenberg first drove a Formula One car in a test for Williams in 2007. His manager, Willi Weber, had organised the test after failing to conclude a deal with Renault boss Flavio Briatore. The two-day test was held at the Circuito de Jerez in Spain, and Hülkenberg outpaced Williams's driver Kazuki Nakajima, and set laptimes 0.4 seconds slower than Nico Rosberg. Hülkenberg's performance at the test led to the Williams team signing him as a test driver, and he competed in several test sessions in addition to racing in lower formulae. His test contract with Williams was extended for 2009, despite in-season tests being banned from that season. Hülkenberg would also act as the team's reserve driver, in the event of the regular drivers being unable to compete.
Williams (2010)
On 2 November 2009, Hülkenberg was confirmed to race for Williams in . Hülkenberg's teammate for his first season would be the experienced driver Rubens Barrichello, who moved from Brawn GP which in turn was bought out by Mercedes-Benz.
Hülkenberg made his debut at the , recovering from an early spin to finish in fourteenth position. At the second round in Australia, he was involved in a first-lap incident with Kamui Kobayashi, after the Japanese driver's front wing failed and sent him into the barrier, rebounding into the path of Hülkenberg. At the third round in Malaysia, Hülkenberg made it to Q3 for the first time, qualifying in fifth place; out-qualifying teammate Barrichello for the first time. Hülkenberg looked set to finish eleventh in the race until Fernando Alonso blew his engine three laps from the end, thus promoting Hülkenberg to tenth place and with the new-for-2010 points system, Hülkenberg along with Jaime Alguersuari scored their first points in Formula One. He was tenth again at Silverstone, and at the he finished sixth, a career best. He also picked up points finishes in Italy, Singapore, and Korea. At the , Renault driver Vitaly Petrov misjudged a move at the start and cut across Hülkenberg's nose thus taking them both out of the race. Towards the end of the season there were reports that he could lose his seat at Williams to the GP2 Series champion Pastor Maldonado due to the money Maldonado could bring to the team. Force India's Adrian Sutil was also linked to replace Hülkenberg at Williams.
On 6 November Hülkenberg gained his first Formula One pole position, by 1.049 seconds over Sebastian Vettel at the in a rain-affected qualifying session. This was the Williams team's first pole position since the 2005 European Grand Prix. Hülkenberg completed a final lap after pole position was already secured, increasing his gap to the rest of the field. After losing the lead on the opening lap, he eventually finished the race in eighth place, having been passed by drivers in more competitive cars.
After the , team boss Frank Williams confirmed that Hülkenberg would not be driving for the team in .
Force India (2011–2012)
2011
On 26 January 2011, Hülkenberg was confirmed as Force India's reserve driver for the season, where he would drive for the team in the Friday practice sessions. He replaced Paul di Resta, who was promoted to a race position in the team. Hülkenberg competed in the first practice sessions of all the races apart from Monaco, Hungary, Korea, India and Abu Dhabi.
2012
On 16 December 2011, Force India announced di Resta and Hülkenberg would be their drivers for the 2012 season.
Hülkenberg qualified ninth for the , six places ahead of di Resta, but his race ended on the first lap after picking up damage in a first-corner incident before retiring further round the course. He picked up his first points for Force India the following weekend, at the ; he finished in ninth place, having started the race in sixteenth. He again qualified sixteenth, for the . He achieved his best Formula One finish with a fourth place at the . He had been running 2nd in the race, when he was jumped by Kimi Räikkönen during the pit stops, before the faster Red Bull of Sebastian Vettel passed them both. Hülkenberg did not score any points in Italy or Singapore, but collected points at all of the next five , except on the Yas Marina Circuit where he was involved in a collision on the first lap, and subsequently retired. This was the first time he scored points in more than two races in a row.
In the last race of the season, the 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix, Hülkenberg qualified 7th but was promoted to 6th after Pastor Maldonado received a 10 place grid penalty. By lap three he had moved forward two places and on lap five he passed Fernando Alonso for third place. He moved into second position when McLaren's Lewis Hamilton pitted on lap 11. Hülkenberg then passed Jenson Button at the start of lap 19 to take the lead. He and Button built up a 45-second lead before the safety car was deployed because of debris on the track. He still led until he was passed by Hamilton, after sliding at the entry of Turn 8 on lap 49. On lap 55 he collided with Hamilton when the rear of Hülkenberg's car slid out while trying to pass him at Turn 1. This ended Hamilton's last race for McLaren. After being given a drive-through penalty as a result of the incident, Hülkenberg finished fifth - letting his first race win and podium finish slip through his fingers. Nevertheless, this allowed him to take 11th place in the Drivers' Championship from Kamui Kobayashi.
Hülkenberg finished the year 17 points ahead of his teammate Paul di Resta and he out-qualified him 12 times, to di Resta's eight.
Sauber (2013)
On 31 October 2012 Sauber confirmed that they had signed Hülkenberg for the 2013 season.
Hülkenberg failed to start the due to a leak in the fuel system of his Sauber C32; he had qualified eleventh for the race, but was withdrawn for safety reasons. At the , Hülkenberg qualified in twelfth, but finished the race in eighth place. Hülkenberg put in his best qualifying performance of the season to date at the Italian Grand Prix to put himself 3rd on the grid. After losing two places to the Ferraris of Felipe Massa and Fernando Alonso, he managed to keep 5th place even though harried by the Mercedes of Nico Rosberg towards the end of the race. By finishing in fifth place, he overtook Toro Rosso driver Jean-Éric Vergne in the Drivers' Championship. His best finish was at the Korean Grand Prix where he finished 4th after close battle with Hamilton and Alonso, in which he showed impressive defending skills and made no mistakes, in a battle where he overtook Hamilton more than once.
Return to Force India (2014–2016)
2014
On 3 December 2013, Force India confirmed they had signed Hülkenberg for 2014 to race alongside Sergio Pérez. In the first round, Hülkenberg finished the in seventh place – his first finish in Melbourne – but was promoted to sixth after the disqualification of second-placed Daniel Ricciardo. He later finished fifth at the , spending a large amount of time in fourth place, holding off Ferrari's Fernando Alonso before being overtaken. Another fifth place at Bahrain put Hülkenberg in third place of the drivers' standings, behind the two Mercedes drivers, Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg.
At the Hülkenberg took sixth place, taking eight points. He fell to fourth place in the Drivers' Championship after Fernando Alonso finished in third place. Force India lost second in the Constructors' Championship to Red Bull Racing.
Consistent point scoring runs throughout the season meant that Hülkenberg finished the season in 9th place in the Drivers' Championship with 96 points, a career best, compared to his teammate's 59 points and helped Force India achieve sixth place in the Constructors' Championship, following the improvements of Williams and McLaren throughout the season. His best result of the season was fifth place, which he achieved four times.
In October 2014, Force India confirmed they had re-signed Hülkenberg for 2015.
2015
In the opening round in Australia, he finished seventh, a lap down. However, he would not score again, in an uncompetitive Force India, until Canada. In Hungary, mid-race, he suffered a big crash at turn one when his front wing detached and he drove over it, sending him slightly airborne and into the barriers, costing him a potential fourth place. He then failed to finish five of the next seven races. In Belgium, he had a power unit failure on the way to the grid, while in Singapore, he was tagged by Felipe Massa at turn three and spun into the barriers, and received a three place grid penalty after being deemed responsible. In Russia he spun at turn two at the start and collected Marcus Ericsson, potentially costing him a podium finish, and in the United States he slid into Daniel Ricciardo and broke his front right suspension.
He finished the season 10th with 58 points, 20 points behind his teammate, and helped Force India to secure fifth place in the Constructors' Championship and his best result of the season was sixth, which he achieved three times.
2016
Hülkenberg again raced for Force India in 2016 alongside Sergio Pérez.
In the opening round in Australia, he finished seventh. He would finish the next two races in 15th position with the Force India being uncompetitive. In Russia, he was hit by his former teammate Esteban Gutiérrez and retired from the race. He would also retire from the next race with an oil leak. A podium, once again, escaped Hülkenberg's grasp in Monaco. He qualified fifth and was set to finish on the podium, when he got stuck in traffic following his pit stop and his teammate jumped him for the final podium place. He eventually finished sixth, passing the eventual World Champion Nico Rosberg, who had struggled throughout the race, just before the finish line on the last lap. This was followed by points finishes at the next two races. He spun in qualifying during the 2016 European Grand Prix held at Baku, when the Force India was very competitive. This caused him to qualify 13th and finish 9th while Pérez qualified 2nd (demoted to seventh after a grid penalty) and finished third. At the following race in Austria, he put in another strong qualifying performance to qualify third, which became second when Nico Rosberg served his five-place grid penalty. However, he had a poor start, and was overtaken by quicker cars as the race went on, until his brakes failed and he had to retire. This was followed by five consecutive points finishes, including fourth at the 2016 Belgian Grand Prix, his best result of the season, when he was initially running second after the first lap but was eventually passed by the faster cars of Daniel Ricciardo and Lewis Hamilton. At the following race in Singapore, he was involved in a first lap collision, where he was squeezed between two drivers, and had to retire from the race. Hülkenberg finished eighth at the next two races. Having announced his decision to move to Renault for the 2017 season before the 2016 United States Grand Prix, Hülkenberg put on some rejuvenated performances. He qualified seventh in the US, before retiring after being squeezed in between Valtteri Bottas and Sebastian Vettel. He then qualified fifth in Mexico, ahead of the Ferraris and finished seventh. He outqualified his teammate again in Brazil and was running fourth, but he picked up a puncture from debris on the track, following Kimi Räikkönen's crash, costing him a podium finish, and fell outside the points before recovering to seventh, fending off Daniel Ricciardo towards the end of the race. He capped off his season in Abu Dhabi by outqualifying Pérez again to seventh place and finishing in the same position, having survived a collision with Max Verstappen on the first lap.
Hülkenberg scored 72 points in the season, finishing ninth in the Drivers' Championship and helping Force India finish the Constructors' Championship in fourth.
Renault (2017–2019)
2017
On 14 October 2016, Renault Sport announced that Hülkenberg had signed a multiyear agreement to race with the Renault Sport Formula One team.
He got his first points for the team at the third race of the season in Bahrain with 9th place, followed by 8th in Russia. Hülkenberg then finished in 6th place in Spain, Renault's best result in the sport since returning in 2016. His point scoring streak ended in Monaco when he retired, when running in the points, with gearbox issues. He finished 8th in Canada, which was followed by a retirement in Azerbaijan, when he clumsily clipped the wall while running in a promising 6th place. In Austria, he finished 13th, finishing behind his teammate Jolyon Palmer for the first time, following a bad start.
A new Renault upgrade brought massive improvement at the 2017 British Grand Prix as Hülkenberg qualified and finished 6th. The car also proved to be the 'best of the rest' (behind Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull) in Hungary as he qualified 7th, but a 5 place grid penalty for a new gearbox meant that he started 12th on the grid. He was set to score points in the race, before a slow pit stop dropped him down the field and he eventually retired from the race. There was an incident during the race, when Kevin Magnussen had pushed Hülkenberg off the track as they were battling for position. Magnussen received a time penalty for the incident. Hülkenberg rudely confronted Magnussen while he was interviewed by Danish TV in the media pen, labelling him 'nasty' and the 'most unsporting driver of the whole grid' and Magnussen calmly responded with 'suck my balls, honey'. Hülkenberg entered the summer break with 26 points and in 10th place in the championship.
Hülkenberg returned from the summer break in Belgium in good form as he qualified 7th and finished 6th in the race. At Singapore, it was announced that Carlos Sainz Jr. would replace Jolyon Palmer, who at that time had scored 0 points to Hülkenberg's 34 points, for the 2018 season. Hülkenberg qualified 'best of the rest' in 7th. After the first lap of the race, Hülkenberg found himself in 3rd place, following the first corner collision and subsequent retirements of Sebastian Vettel, Kimi Räikkönen, Max Verstappen and the fast-starting McLaren of Fernando Alonso. He looked set to take his long-awaited first podium finish in Formula 1, until Daniil Kvyat crashed and brought out the Safety Car and a blunder in strategy by Renault left him in 5th place. He eventually got up to 4th place, before an oil leak brought about his retirement from the race, in which he succeeded Adrian Sutil to become the record holder for the most starts in Formula 1 without a podium finish.
At the Japanese Grand Prix, it was announced that Carlos Sainz Jr. would replace Palmer for the rest of the season beginning at the next Grand Prix in Austin. In the race, he was running comfortably in the points for the majority of the race, when a failure in the DRS mechanism of his car, meant he had to retire from the race. In their time together as teammates Hülkenberg scored 34 points to Palmer's 8 points and outqualified Palmer in all 16 races.
In the USA, Hülkenberg retired on lap 4 with an engine issue. In Mexico, he once again retired, again from a net 4th place, with an engine issue. This was the third time in a row that he had failed to finish a race and the fourth time in five races. At the Brazilian Grand Prix, he led home teammate Sainz to 10th place, his first points in almost 3 months, with his previous points finish being his 6th-place finish at Belgium in August.
He qualified 'best of the rest' in Abu Dhabi with 7th place. He finished the race in 6th place, having received a contentious 5-second penalty for passing Sergio Pérez off the track at the start of the race, when many believed he should have given the position back. He ended up building enough of a gap to Pérez that the time penalty did not affect his position. With 6th place, Renault overtook Toro Rosso in the Constructors' Championship for 6th place.
This confirmed Renault's position as 6th in the Constructors' Championship and moved Hülkenberg up to 43 points for the season, the same as Massa, but courtesy of more 6th-place finishes, he ended the season 10th in the standings. He had outqualified his teammates over the course of the season 19-1 and outscored his teammates 43–14 over the course of the season.
2018
For the 2018 season, Hülkenberg remained at Renault, alongside Carlos Sainz, who was competing in his first full season for the Renault F1 team.
Hülkenberg and Renault started the season well with a 7th and two 6th places in the first 3 races. The first race in Australia with Sainz finishing in 10th, marked the first double points finish for Renault in F1 since the 2011 Turkish Grand Prix. At the fourth race of the season in Baku, Hülkenberg was handed a 5 place grid penalty for changing his damaged gearbox. He qualified 9th and would start 14th. This meant the end of his streak of starting the last 6 races 7th on the grid. He had made his way up to 5th place by lap 10, when he lost the rear of his car on lap 10, and clattered the wall with his left rear tyre and retired with suspension damage, ending his 5 race point-scoring streak. It was second time in two years that he had retired from a top 6 position in Baku from an unforced error.
Hülkenberg's misfortune continued at the next race in Spain. He went out in Q1 for the first time in 59 races due to a fuel pressure problem with his car. Then he was taken out by the spinning Romain Grosjean on the first lap of the race. Hülkenberg criticised Grosjean's driving following the crash, for which the Frenchman received a grid penalty for the next race. In Monaco, Hülkenberg was outqualified by a teammate by merit for the first time since the 2016 Japanese Grand Prix. Nevertheless, he finished the race in 8th, having started in 11th, with his teammate Sainz obeying team orders late in the race to let him past. He followed this up with another point-scoring finish in Canada after qualifying and finishing the race in 7th. The next three races made up Formula One's first ever triple header in France, Austria and Britain. Hülkenberg finished 9th in France, followed by a retirement from 9th in Austria with an engine failure. It was his 3rd retirement in 6 races and his 7th retirement in his last 16 races. However, he finished the triple header on a high, finishing 6th at the British Grand Prix. Hülkenberg achieved his best ever result for Renault at his home grand prix in Germany with 5th place, overtaking Kevin Magnussen late on when the rain started to fall. After a refuelling problem limited him to only 13th on the grid, he finished 12th at the Hungarian Grand Prix. Nevertheless, he entered the summer break with 52 points and 7th in the championship as the effective leader of the midfield, which many drivers had started to dub the B championship of Formula 1 or 'Formula 1.5', due to very large gap in performance to the top three teams of Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull.
In Belgium, Hülkenberg triggered a massive first corner collision after starting 18th due to engine penalties. Hülkenberg outbraked himself and hit Fernando Alonso, who was launched above the Sauber of Charles Leclerc, with one of Alonso's tyres hitting the new controversially introduced safety device, the halo. The collision also ultimately ended the races of both Kimi Räikkönen and Daniel Ricciardo. Hülkenberg was deemed to have 'completely misjudged the situation' by the race stewards and handed a 10 place grid penalty for the next race. The spectacular crash was likened to the crash at the 2012 Belgian Grand Prix initiated by Romain Grosjean. Following the incident, Hülkenberg who had been a vocal opposer to the halo, introduced in 2018, admitted that it was 'pretty useful'.
Hülkenberg suffered a tough period of results, coinciding with Renault's loss of competitiveness, by only scoring 1 point in the next 4 races. He bounced back with a 6th-place finish at the United States Grand Prix. With Sainz finishing in 7th, this was the best team result for Renault in a race since they rejoined the sport in 2016, beating the 7th and 8th place the two drivers had achieved in Canada earlier in the year. This was followed by another strong race in Mexico with another 6th place. His season ended with two successive retirements due to high engine temperatures in Brazil and after being rolled over into the barriers by Romain Grosjean in Abu Dhabi.
Nevertheless, he finished the season as the "champion of the rest" in 7th place with 69 points, 7 points ahead of Sergio Pérez, as Renault also secured 4th place in the Constructor's Championship.
2019
For the 2019 season, Hülkenberg was joined at Renault by multiple Grand Prix winner Daniel Ricciardo, who was signed from Red Bull. Hülkenberg, yet to score a podium in 158 races by the beginning of the 2019 season, said his "future in the sport depends on the outcome of the duel" as his ability could be measured "against a Grand Prix winner", for the first time since his rookie season in 2010, when he was teammate to Rubens Barrichello at Williams. Meanwhile, Renault managing director, Cyril Abiteboul, believed that the driver pairing was "one of the strongest - if not the strongest - driver line-up on the grid".
Hülkenberg started the season strongly, outqualifying new teammate Ricciardo at his home race, but an engine issue prevented him from reaching Q3, leaving him 11th. He made a very strong start and finished the race in 7th. However, he was hit by misfortune in the next race in Bahrain. An engine mapping issue restricted him to 17th in qualifying. However, he had a fantastic race, moving up 11 places and being on course to finish 6th, surviving contact with Ricciardo on the way, when the Australian slid into him as Hülkenberg overtook him. Then, on lap 53, 4 laps from the end, disaster struck as both Hülkenberg and Ricciardo, running 6th and 10th respectively, both retired with engine issues at the same corner. Abiteboul stated that Renault's engine problems were "unacceptable". These issues were compounded, when Hülkenberg again retired from a points-scoring position with engine issues at the next race in China, this time with a software issue. In Spain, Hülkenberg crashed in qualifying and damaged his front wing. He had to fit a different specification front wing, which broke parc fermé rules, ensuring he would have to start the race in the pit lane. He would finish the race in 13th. In the following race in Monaco, a chance of a points finish evaporated, when the Ferrari of Charles Leclerc hit Hülkenberg, while attempting an overtaking move, which the German labelled "too ambitious". Both drivers suffered punctures. Hülkenberg recovered to 13th, but Leclerc eventually retired from the race. He then finished the next two races in 7th and 8th place in Canada and France respectively. At the British Grand Prix, he recovered to a 10th-place finish, after he was hit by former teammate Sergio Pérez and his engine momentarily failing and going into 'limp mode', whilst also bemoaning the team's strategy. Hülkenberg then crashed out of his home race in precarious wet conditions. He was in 4th place, having run as high as 2nd at one point, when he crashed out at Turn 16, where fellow drivers Charles Leclerc, race leader Lewis Hamilton and former teammate Carlos Sainz also went off. The latter two managed to survive their incidents and continue, while both Leclerc and Hülkenberg retired. Both retirees criticised the run-off of the corner, which is a different tarmac used for dragster racing, which meant there was no grip in the wet conditions to help prevent the accident. At the following race in Hungary, Hülkenberg was in the running for points, but then he suffered yet another engine problem on his Renault, which meant he was only able to finish in 12th place. Going into the summer break, Hülkenberg was only 14th in the championship with 17 points, 5 points behind new teammate Daniel Ricciardo in 11th place. Renault's points total of 39 points was 43 points behind the position they were in the previous year, after they suffered a disappointing first half of the season.
Just before the Belgian GP it was announced by Renault that Hülkenberg would be replaced by Mercedes reserve driver and former Force India driver Esteban Ocon for the 2020 season. Hülkenberg said the decision was "not only about performance", alluding that the French Renault team desired a French driver in Ocon. Four-time World Champion Alain Prost, non-executive director for Renault Sport at the time, said that Renault offered Hülkenberg a new one-year contract with an option for another year, but the German refused the offer due to wanting a full two-year contract.
Hülkenberg started the second half of the season strongly by qualifying 7th in Belgium. A grid penalty meant he started 12th, and he fell even further back when he took evasive action to avoid collisions involving Verstappen, Räikkönen, Ricciardo and Stroll. However, he executed an alternate two-stop strategy and made up 3 places in the last lap to finish 8th. In Italy, both Renaults had a very strong weekend, with Ricciardo and Hülkenberg qualifying 5th and 6th respectively, with both drivers moving up a place to finish 4th and 5th, after Sebastian Vettel spun out of contention. This was Renault's best points haul since returning to the sport in 2016, and Hülkenberg's joint best result for the team.
In Singapore, Hülkenberg had initially qualified 9th but as teammate Daniel Ricciardo had been disqualified from qualifying as his car exceeded the MGU-K power limit, he started the race in 8th. In the race, Hülkenberg was involved in a first lap collision with former teammate Carlos Sainz Jr. Both drivers suffered punctures and had to pit on the first lap and fell to the back of the field. However, he managed to recover to 9th place for his 3rd points finish in a row. Hülkenberg started the next race in an impressive 6th place. However, his race was compromised by a bad start which left him outside the top 10. Having recovered to 9th place, the Renault pit crew dropped his car off the jack, which again dropped him out of the top 10. He eventually recovered to finish in 10th, overtaking Lance Stroll towards the end of the race. After the race, Hülkenberg said that "everything that could go wrong did go wrong". Further misfortune hit Hülkenberg in Japan. He was restricted to only 15th in qualifying, after a mechanical failure in Q2 meant he could not set a representative time to progress further. However, in the race he made a fantastic start and was up to 10th place by the end of the first lap and he would end up finishing the race in that position. However, following a protest by rival constructor Racing Point, both Renault cars were disqualified for having a pre-set automated brake bias system that was deemed to be a driver aid, and thus illegal. This was Hülkenberg's first disqualification in his entire F1 career.
He then managed to salvage a point at the following race with 10th after he was spun into the wall by Daniil Kvyat at the last corner of the last lap, when running in 9th. He crossed the line in 11th, without a rear wing, but was promoted to 10th after Kvyat was penalised for the incident. He followed this up with yet another points finish in the USA with 9th place. He suffered a difficult race in Brazil, where two safety car periods interfered in his strategy and left him 12th on the line. He was penalised for overtaking Kevin Magnussen before the safety car line during the safety car restart, and thus was classified 15th, his worst result of the year. He was voted Driver of the Day in the season finale in Abu Dhabi, taking the title for the first time, after finishing 12th in what was his possible final race in Formula One, having failed to secure a drive for the 2020 season.
He finished the season in 14th place, his lowest placing in the standings in the sport since his debut season in 2010, having scored 37 points across the season, 17 less than teammate Daniel Ricciardo.
Racing Point (2020)
Hülkenberg did not have a contract for the 2020 F1 season. He replaced Sergio Pérez at Racing Point for the British Grand Prix and 70th Anniversary Grand Prix after Pérez tested positive for SARS-2 coronavirus. For the British Grand Prix he qualified thirteenth but did not start the race due to an engine failure before the start of the race. At the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix, he surprisingly qualified in third behind the two Mercedes cars and was running in 4th in the race. However, due to unexpectedly high levels of tyre wear, he was forced to pit again. He then went on to finish seventh behind teammate Lance Stroll. Hülkenberg did not race at the Spanish Grand Prix as Sergio Pérez returned to racing after testing negative for COVID-19. He would replace the team's other driver, Lance Stroll, for the Eifel Grand Prix after the Canadian had sat out final practice due to feeling unwell. He finished the race in 8th after qualifying 20th, and last, on the grid, winning him the fans' vote of "Driver of the Day".
Aston Martin (2021–2022)
Aston Martin F1 Team (previously Racing Point) signed Hülkenberg as a reserve and development driver for the season.
After continuing as the reserve driver for the team in , he replaced Sebastian Vettel at the season opening Bahrain Grand Prix after Vettel tested positive for COVID-19. Hülkenberg started and finished the race in 17th place. Hülkenberg returned to Aston Martin in the following race, the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix starting in 17th and finishing in 12th place.
Hülkenberg got back into the Aston Martin in the post-Hungarian GP Pirelli tests, alongside Lance Stroll to develop the 2023 tyres.
Haas (2023–)
In November 2022, it was confirmed Hülkenberg would drive full time with Haas F1 Team during 2023, partnering Kevin Magnussen and replacing fellow German compatriot Mick Schumacher. The first race at the saw Hülkenberg qualify tenth and finish fifteenth, behind his teammate Magnussen. He had also picked up a fifteen-second penalty for exceeding track limits, which ultimately did not affect his final position in the race. In the 2023 Australian Grand Prix, Hülkenberg benefitted from the turn one incident in lap 57, running in fourth when the third of three red flags during the race was shown; however, he was demoted back to seventh after it was determined that the drivers would return to their previous positions before the final red flag. Haas lodged an unsuccessful protest after the race. At the Canadian Grand Prix, Hülkenberg qualified in second in a wet qualifying session in which he benefited when McLaren's Oscar Piastri crashed at the early part of the qualifying session which brought out the red flag. The rest of the grid were not able to improve on their qualifying as the rain got heavier when the session restarted. However, Hulkenberg was handed a three-place grid penalty for a red flag infraction and started the race in fifth position.
In the race, excessive tyre wear and the unfortunate timing of a safety car meant he eventually finished 15th. At the Austrian Grand Prix, Hülkenberg qualified an impressive 4th for the Sprint in wet conditions. The Sprint, also run in wet conditions, saw him take 2nd place on the first lap, but he eventually finished 6th, securing 3 crucial points for the struggling Haas team, to take them into 7th in the Constructor's standings. For the main grand prix, Hülkenberg qualified an impressive 8th, but had to retire early in the race with an engine issue. By the summer break, Hülkenberg had qualified in the top 10 an impressive 6 times, compared to his teammate's singular appearance. However, the Haas team's season-long struggle with tyre wear meant that neither he nor Haas had managed to add to their points tally since Austria as Haas slipped to 8th in the championship.
In August 2023, Haas announced that Hülkenberg and Magnussen had been retained for the 2024 season.
IndyCar test
On 25 October 2021, Hülkenberg took part in a private IndyCar test at Barber Motorsports Park, driving the No. 7 Arrow McLaren SP (AMSP) car, with AMSP team principal Taylor Kiel stating in a report that Hülkenberg was in consideration for a third part-time entry in 2022. After completing over 100 laps, he set a best time of 77.454 seconds in his first test, roughly a second off of the fastest time, which was set by 2021 Indy Lights runner-up David Malukas. Hülkenberg ultimately declined an opportunity to pursue a career in IndyCar with McLaren, stating that he was unwilling to race on ovals and that he found the Dallara DW12 to be significantly harder to drive physically than the Formula One cars he was used to.
Although refusing to race Indycars on ovals Hülkenberg does actually have race experience on a Superspeedway. As part of his 2006 German Formula Three Championship campaign for team Josef Kaufmann Racing, he raced in the ADAC East Side 100, an oval race on the Eurospeedway Lausitz.
Other activities
Hülkenberg has entered his own team in the eSkootr Championship, named "27X by Nico Hülkenberg".
Personal life
Hülkenberg lives in Monaco. He is married to Lithuanian fashion designer Eglė Ruškytė, having been in a relationship with her since 2015. Together they have one daughter born in 2021.
Karting record
Karting career summary
Racing record
Racing career summary
Season still in progress.
Single seater racing results
Complete Formula BMW ADAC results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete German Formula Three Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete GP2 Asia Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
Season still in progress.
Sports car racing results
24 Hours of Le Mans results
Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
People from Emmerich am Rhein
Sportspeople from Düsseldorf (region)
Racing drivers from North Rhine-Westphalia
German racing drivers
Formula BMW ADAC drivers
German Formula Three Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
A1 Team Germany drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series champions
GP2 Series drivers
GP2 Series Champions
GP2 Asia Series drivers
German Formula One drivers
Williams Formula One drivers
Force India Formula One drivers
Sauber Formula One drivers
Renault Formula One drivers
Racing Point Formula One drivers
Josef Kaufmann Racing drivers
ART Grand Prix drivers
Porsche Motorsports drivers
Aston Martin Formula One drivers
Haas Formula One drivers
Karting World Championship drivers
A1 Grand Prix drivers
Super Nova Racing drivers
German expatriate sportspeople in Monaco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico%20H%C3%BClkenberg |
Javier Gonzalez Caceres (born September 6, 1962, in Mexico) is a professional racecar driver. He is best known internationally for his part-season drive in the Barber Dodge Pro Series season of 2002. He also enjoys sponsoring Mexican children..
Complete motorsports results
American Open-Wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)
Barber Dodge Pro Series
Notes
External links
1962 births
Living people
Mexican racing drivers
Barber Pro Series drivers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier%20Gonz%C3%A1lez%20%28racing%20driver%29 |
DSCH is used in UMTS to send packets on the downlink to the UEs. Notably it is used in HSDPA as HS-DSCH (High-Speed DSCH).
UMTS | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downlink%20Shared%20Channel |
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