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Operation Noah may refer to:
Operation Noah's Ark (1943), a World War II plan instigated by the British Special Operations Executive to harass German troops as they withdrew from Greece
Operation Noah (World War II), a 1944 reconnaissance operation by the Belgian Special Air Service
Operation Noah (Kariba), a 1959 operation in Zambia and Zimbabwe to move animals from a flooding dam site
Operation Noah's Ark, an Israeli military operation that seized a Palestinian vessel carrying 50 tons of weapons.
Operation Noah (charity), a Christian charity campaigning on climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Noah |
A flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures analytes in a gas stream. It is frequently used as a detector in gas chromatography. The measurement of ion per unit time make this a mass sensitive instrument. Standalone FIDs can also be used in applications such as landfill gas monitoring, fugitive emissions monitoring and internal combustion engine emissions measurement in stationary or portable instruments.
History
The first flame ionization detectors were developed simultaneously and independently in 1957 by McWilliam and Dewar at Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand (ICIANZ, see Orica history) Central Research Laboratory, Ascot Vale, Melbourne, Australia. and by Harley and Pretorius at the University of Pretoria in Pretoria, South Africa.
In 1959, Perkin Elmer Corp. included a flame ionization detector in its Vapor Fractometer.
Operating principle
The operation of the FID is based on the detection of ions formed during combustion of organic compounds in a hydrogen flame. The generation of these ions is proportional to the concentration of organic species in the sample gas stream.
To detect these ions, two electrodes are used to provide a potential difference. The positive electrode acts as the nozzle head where the flame is produced. The other, negative electrode is positioned above the flame. When first designed, the negative electrode was either tear-drop shaped or angular piece of platinum. Today, the design has been modified into a tubular electrode, commonly referred to as a collector plate. The ions thus are attracted to the collector plate and upon hitting the plate, induce a current. This current is measured with a high-impedance picoammeter and fed into an integrator. The manner in which the final data is displayed is based on the computer and software. In general, a graph is displayed that has time on the x-axis and total ion on the y-axis.
The current measured corresponds roughly to the proportion of reduced carbon atoms in the flame. Specifically how the ions are produced is not necessarily understood, but the response of the detector is determined by the number of carbon atoms (ions) hitting the detector per unit time. This makes the detector sensitive to the mass rather than the concentration, which is useful because the response of the detector is not greatly affected by changes in the carrier gas flow rate.
Response factor
FID measurements are usually reported "as methane," meaning as the quantity of methane which would produce the same response. The same quantity of different chemicals produces different amounts of current, depending on the elemental composition of the chemicals. The response factor of the detector for different chemicals can be used to convert current measurements into actual amounts of each chemical.
Hydrocarbons generally have response factors that are equal to the number of carbon atoms in their molecule (more carbon atoms produce greater current), while oxygenates and other species that contain heteroatoms tend to have a lower response factor. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are not detectable by FID.
FID measurements are often labelled "total hydrocarbons" or "total hydrocarbon content" (THC), although a more accurate name would be "total volatile hydrocarbon content" (TVHC), as hydrocarbons which have condensed out are not detected, even though they are important, for example safety when handling compressed oxygen.
Description
The design of the flame ionization detector varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the principles are the same. Most commonly, the FID is attached to a gas chromatography system.
The eluent exits the gas chromatography column (A) and enters the FID detector’s oven (B). The oven is needed to make sure that as soon as the eluent exits the column, it does not come out of the gaseous phase and deposit on the interface between the column and FID. This deposition would result in loss of eluent and errors in detection. As the eluent travels up the FID, it is first mixed with the hydrogen fuel (C) and then with the oxidant (D). The eluent/fuel/oxidant mixture continues to travel up to the nozzle head where a positive bias voltage exists. This positive bias helps to repel the oxidized carbon ions created by the flame (E) pyrolyzing the eluent. The ions (F) are repelled up toward the collector plates (G) which are connected to a very sensitive ammeter, which detects the ions hitting the plates, then feeds that signal to an amplifier, integrator, and display system(H). The products of the flame are finally vented out of the detector through the exhaust port (J).
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Flame ionization detectors are used very widely in gas chromatography because of a number of advantages.
Cost: Flame ionization detectors are relatively inexpensive to acquire and operate.
Low maintenance requirements: Apart from cleaning or replacing the FID jet, these detectors require little maintenance.
Rugged construction: FIDs are relatively resistant to misuse.
Linearity and detection ranges: FIDs can measure organic substance concentration at very low (10−13 g/s) and very high levels, having a linear response range of 107 g/s.
Disadvantages
Flame ionization detectors cannot detect inorganic substances and some highly oxygenated or functionalized species like infrared and laser technology can. In some systems, CO and CO2 can be detected in the FID using a methanizer, which is a bed of Ni catalyst that reduces CO and CO2 to methane, which can be in turn detected by the FID. The methanizer is limited by its inability to reduce compounds other than CO and CO2 and its tendency to be poisoned by a number of chemicals commonly found in gas chromatography effluents.
Another important disadvantage is that the FID flame oxidizes all oxidizable compounds that pass through it; all hydrocarbons and oxygenates are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and other heteroatoms are oxidized according to thermodynamics. For this reason, FIDs tend to be the last in a detector train and also cannot be used for preparatory work.
Alternative solution
An improvement to the methanizer is the Polyarc reactor, which is a sequential reactor that oxidizes compounds before reducing them to methane. This method can be used to improve the response of the FID and allow for the detection of many more carbon-containing compounds. The complete conversion of compounds to methane and the now equivalent response in the detector also eliminates the need for calibrations and standards because response factors are all equivalent to those of methane. This allows for the rapid analysis of complex mixtures that contain molecules where standards are not available.
See also
Flame detector
Thermal conductivity detector
Gas chromatography
Active fire protection
Photoionization detector
Photoelectric flame photometer
References
Sources
Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, & Stanley R. Crouch. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 6th Edition. United States: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2007.
G.H. JEFFERY, J.BASSET, J.MENDHAM, R.C.DENNEY, "VOGEL'S TEXTBOOK OF QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS."
Gas chromatography
Australian inventions
South African inventions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame%20ionization%20detector |
Aughey () is a townland of 109 acres in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Derryvullan and the historic barony of Tirkennedy.
See also
List of townlands in County Fermanagh
References
Townlands of County Fermanagh
Civil parish of Derryvullan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aughey |
Storås is a village in the municipality of Orkland in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Orkla River, about northwest of the village of Meldal. For most Norwegians, Storås is best known for hosting the annual festival called Storåsfestivalen since 2004. The nearest major city is Trondheim.
The village has a population (2018) of 312, and a population density of .
References
Orkland
Villages in Trøndelag | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stor%C3%A5s |
Euthanasia: Opposing Viewpoints is a 2000 book in the Opposing Viewpoints series, published by Greenhaven Press.
Description
It presents selections of contrasting points of view on four central questions about euthanasia: whether it is ethical; whether it should be legalized; whether legalizing it would lead to involuntary killing; and whether physicians should assist in suicide.
It was edited by James D. Torr.
2000 non-fiction books
Books in the Opposing Viewpoints series
Euthanasia
Greenhaven Press books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia%3A%20Opposing%20Viewpoints |
WNYW (Radio New York Worldwide) was a shortwave radio station that broadcast from Scituate, Massachusetts, in the United States. During WWII the station became important for the British and the Norwegian information services. On October 20, 1973, Family Stations, Inc., acquired the station to be part of its Family Radio network and changed the call letters to WYFR. Family Stations eventually progressively moved the transmitters to their current site in Okeechobee, Florida. The transmitter site in Scituate continued to operate until November 16, 1979 when it was switched off for the last time.
History
On October 15, 1927, Walter Lemmon, a radio inventor, was granted the first shortwave radio license in the United States and began experimental shortwave station W1XAL in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1935, the station began transmitting non-commercial, educational, and cultural programs. Supported by charitable institutions it was a not run for profit.
Four days after Britain and France declared war on Germany, on September 7, 1939, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned call letters WRUL (for "World Radio University Listeners") to the station. As it had a large worldwide listening audience, which regularly corresponded with the station and a high power transmitter it was seen by British Security Co-ordination (BSC), a covert organization that the British Secret Intelligence Service established in New York City as a vehicle for conducting political warfare on behalf of the British. The station was transmitting mostly in English so BSC provided through third parties the finance, translators, and foreign language announcers to produce high-quality programming in other languages. BSC also provided the material to be broadcast and so by 1941 WRUL had become unknowingly an arm of the BSC though outwardly independent and believing itself to be so. From 1939 to 1942, WRUL broadcast radio lectures to Europe and South America in eight languages, and also in the United States over an informal network of over 300 stations, including WNYC in New York City. Following the establishment of what would become the OSS, American propaganda was provided to the station, but it was not until the entry of the US into the war that BSC handed over control. Like all United States shortwave stations, in November 1942 the U.S. government leased WRUL for further wartime propaganda broadcasts. WRUL was allowed to resume partial independent programming in 1947, and full independent programming in 1954.
From September 1940 and throughout WWII the Norwegian government had a daily half hour transmission in Norwegian for the sailors in the Norwegian commercial fleet. One broadcaster was the photojournalist Kari Berggrav.
Metromedia bought the station in 1960. In June 1962, International Educational Broadcasting Corporation (now Bonneville International), owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, bought WRUL. The station adopted the slogan "Radio New York Worldwide" and used studios in New York City and an adult contemporary format, with ABC Radio or CBS Radio hourly and half-hour newscasts and from its sister station, WRFM. On-air staff from WRFM would also have separate shifts on WRUL. There were rumors that the station was being partially controlled by the Central Intelligence Agency to broadcast anti-communist propaganda.
On June 1, 1966, WRUL changed its call letters to WNYW, which stood for "Radio New York Worldwide". The station attempted to do some commercial programming, but there were few advertisers because it was difficult to estimate audience ratings for the wide geographical area that shortwave stations typically covered.
In 1970, Bonneville offered to sell the station to the U.S. government for a token payment of one dollar, for use by the Voice of America, but no sale materialized.
In 1974, Bonneville sold WNYW. The callsign would eventually be adopted by the Fox Broadcasting Company's flagship station, WNYW (formerly Metromedia station WNEW-TV and DuMont Television Network station WABD) in New York City, in 1986.
References
External links
A history of WNYW by Lou Josephs
A presentation of WNYW by Lou Josephs
DXing Worldwide on WNYW
Shortwave radio stations in the United States
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1931
Radio stations disestablished in 1979
NYW | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNYW%20%28shortwave%29 |
Fogel is a surname of Yiddish/German origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Aaron Fogel (born 1947), American poet
Alice B. Fogel, American poet, writer, and professor
Arthur Fogel, Canadian music executive and concert tour organizer
Bryan Fogel, American film director
Daniel Mark Fogel (born 1948), former President of the University of Vermont
David B. Fogel (born 1964), American computer scientist
Davy Fogel (born 1945), British soldier
Eric Fogel (born 1969), American director, writer, producer, and voice actor
Herbert Allan Fogel (1929–2002), United States federal judge
Horace Fogel (1861–1928), American baseball manager
Jeremy Fogel (born 1949), United States federal judge
Jerry Fogel (19362019), American actor
Lawrence J. Fogel (1928–2007), pioneer in evolutionary computation
Robert Fogel (1926–2013), American economic historian and scientist
Seymour Fogel (1911–1984), American artist
Silvio Fogel (1949–2016), Argentine football player
Steven Fogel (born 1951), British lawyer
Vladimir Fogel (1902–1929), Russian silent film actor
Daniel Fogel, real name of Dan Byrd (19532005), Belgian singer
See also
Fogle
Vogel (surname)
German-language surnames
Yiddish-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin
Surnames from nicknames
ru:Фогель | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogel |
Fernando Sylvan (Díli, 26 August 1917—Cascais, 25 December 1993) was a poet and a writer from East Timor.
He spent almost all his life in Portugal. The distance between Portugal and Timor didn't prevent him writing about the traditions, the legends and the folklore of his homeland. He is considered among the greatest writers in Portuguese and he was a member and the president of the Sociedade de Língua Portuguesa.
External links
Artigo mais completo sobre literatura timorense e literatura de Timor, incluindo Fernando Sylvan
East Timorese writers
East Timorese poets
1917 births
1993 deaths
People from Dili
20th-century poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Sylvan |
Arab City Schools is the public school district of Arab, Alabama.
Schools
It includes the following schools:
Arab High School
Arab Junior High School
Arab Primary School
Arab Elementary School
Arab City Schools has a total enrollment of approximately 2,609 students.
References
External links
School districts in Alabama
Huntsville-Decatur, AL Combined Statistical Area
Education in Marshall County, Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%20City%20Schools |
Joder is an unincorporated community in Sioux County, Nebraska, United States. Joder is a former siding along a BNSF Railway line.
History
Joder was formerly called Adelia. A post office was established at Adelia in 1891, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1910.
References
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Sioux County, Nebraska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joder%2C%20Nebraska |
In France, the schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SDAGE) is a document that aims to put into effect the principles of the law of 3 January 1992 on the level of the major hydrographic basins. In translation, its name is outline for the organization of the development and management of water resources.
Rationale
Water is a part of the nation's common heritage. Its protection, exploitation and setting into a usable state while respecting natural balances, are of general interest.
The use of water belongs to all, within the framework of laws and regulations as well as of rights already established.
The law
The main subjects addressed by the SDAGE are written into the law:
preservation of aquatic ecosystems, their sites and wetlands,
protection against any pollution and restoration of the quality of the water,
development and protection of the resource as drinking water
exploitation of water as an economic resource and sharing that resource.
The SDAGE scheme was drawn up together by the national, regional and département governments and is managed by the agence de l'eau (water agency).
How it works
The SDAGE serves as a general framework for the development and management of the water of each hydrographic unit, system or aquifer). These are the schémas d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE), that is water resource development and management outlines.
The aquifer and the hydro-electric and recreational uses of water in the Ain valley compose a clear example of a site where a coordinated approach could be productive. However, the schéma is flexible enough to include specific needs as for example, that of Artois-Picardy, which is concerned specifically with the former mining basin of the Nord and Pas-de-Calais départements and the consequences of past and current exploitation of the région's coal.
External links
The law of 3 January 1992 in French
Water law
Law of France
Water in France
Water management | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%A9ma%20directeur%20d%27am%C3%A9nagement%20et%20de%20gestion%20des%20eaux |
Hosur Road is the part of National Highway 48, erstwhile NH44, which connects metropolis Bangalore and industrial City Hosur. It is a four to eight-lane access controlled highway. The road is part of the National Highway network.
The National Highways Authority of India has constructed a 10-kilometer-long elevated highway from Madiwala to Electronic City. The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike and Bangalore Development Authority have planned a series of flyovers and underpasses to make this arterial road signal free. The project is a part of the BETL (Bangalore Elevated Tollways Ltd), project as part of the National Highways Development Project and the Elevated Highways Project. It was initiated in early 2006, and was inaugurated on 22 January 2010. It starts from Bommanahalli after the Central Silk Board flyover and goes on up to Electronic City. It goes above the BMIC flyover on Hosur Road, at a height of , thus making it, Bangalore's tallest flyover.
See also
NICE Road
Outer Ring Road
Inner Ring Road, Bangalore
References
External links
Toll Rates & Schemes
National Highways in Tamil Nadu
National Highways in Karnataka
Roads in Bangalore
Roads in Bangalore Urban district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosur%20Road |
Hamre may refer to:
Places
Hamre Township, Beltrami County, Minnesota, a civil township in Minnesota, United States
Hamre, Osterøy, a village in Osterøy municipality in Vestland county, Norway
Hamre (municipality), a former municipality in Vestland county, Norway
Hamre Church, a church in Osterøy municipality in Vestland county, Norway
Hamre, Jammu and Kashmir, a village located in Pattan Tehsil of Baramulla district in India
People
Chad Hamre, CEO and co-founder of Ethical Ocean
John Hamre (born 1950), think tank president and former U.S. government official
Knut Hamre (born 1952), Norwegian Hardanger fiddle player
Lasse Hamre (born 1944), Norwegian alpine skier
Ole Hamre (born 1959), Norwegian musician (drums, percussion) and composer
Philip Hamre (1897–1961), American politician
Sverre B. Hamre (1918–1990), Norwegian general
Tor Henning Hamre (born 1979), former Norwegian football striker | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamre |
Christian Damiano (born 9 March 1950) is a French former professional football player and manager.
Playing career
As a player, Damiano was a defender. Early in his youth career, he played for , but he would then join the youth academy of Nice. He played for the B team of the club in the early 1970s.
Managerial career
Damiano stopped playing football in 1974, at the age of 24. From 1974 to 1983, he was simultaneously head of the youth academy and assistant manager of the first team of Nice. From 1983 to 1986, he would then coach Stade Raphaëlois. He would also have various roles at the French Football Federation in this time period.
In 1986, Damiano became a coach at INF Vichy, a football academy. However, after it closed in 1990, he went to work as a coach for its counterpart INF Clairefontaine for two years. From 1992 to 1999, Damiano was a coach at several youth teams of France. In 1999, he was the first-team manager of Nice, and also the assistant manager until 2000.
Damiano first moved to England in 2000 when he was appointed assistant to Jean Tigana at Fulham, and remained at the club until Tigana's departure in 2003. He then returned to work alongside Gérard Houllier again (as they had crossed paths as coaches in France youth teams), this time as an assistant coach at Liverpool, although he departed along with the manager in 2004. He was soon appointed to assist Steve Wigley at Southampton. He was briefly linked with the manager's job of the Australian national team, although he ultimately lost out to Guus Hiddink. Damiano would then go on to work as assistant manager under Claudio Ranieri from 2007 to 2012: he followed him at Parma, Juventus, Roma, and Inter Milan.
References
External links
Profile at Liverpool FC website
Profile at Southampton FC website
1950 births
Living people
People from Antibes
French men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
OGC Nice players
French football managers
OGC Nice non-playing staff
INF Vichy managers
INF Clairefontaine managers
OGC Nice managers
Fulham F.C. non-playing staff
Liverpool F.C. non-playing staff
Southampton F.C. non-playing staff
Juventus FC non-playing staff
AS Roma non-playing staff
Inter Milan non-playing staff
French expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in England
Expatriate football managers in Italy
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Footballers from Alpes-Maritimes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Damiano |
Mazda uses the following transmissions in their cars.
Automatic
1980–1989 3N17B — 3-speed Jatco longitudinal
1983–1988 F3A — 3-speed transverse
1984–1997 L3N71B — 3-speed Jatco longitudinal
Descendants include E4N71B and LN471B
1986–1991 G4A-EL — 4-speed transverse also sold as the Ford 4EAT-G
1988–1989 G4A-HL — 4-speed transverse
1994–2001 GF4A-EL — improved G4A-EL
1988–1992 N4A-EL — 4-speed longitudinal
FN4A-EL — Mazda 4-speed transverse also sold as the Ford 4F27E
1989–1996 R4A-EL — 4-speed Jatco 4R01 longitudinal
1990–1998 F4A-EL — 4-speed Mazda
1991–2002 A4LD — 4-speed Ford longitudinal
1994–2000 CD4E — 4-speed Ford transverse
1994–2002 LA4A-EL — Mazda version of the 4-speed Ford CD4E transmission
1995–2000 4R44E — Ford 4-speed longitudinal
1995–2001 JF403E — 4-speed transverse Jatco
1998–2000 5R55E — Ford 5-speed longitudinal
1998–2001 A44DE — 4-speed longitudinal
2002–2014 Mazda FS5A-EL — 5-speed version of the FN4A-EL, also used in 2006-09 Ford Fusion/Milan as FNR5
2003– 5F31J — 5-speed transverse Jatco JF506E transmission
2006–2011 5R55S Ford Ranger TDCI/Mazda BT50 5-speed
2012–present FW6A-EL; Mazda designed and built; six forward gears; for some FWD vehicles
2013–present FS6A-EL - 6-speed version of the FS5A-EL
201?–present FW6AX-EL; Mazda designed-and-built; six forward gears; for some AWD vehicles
Manual
M4MD — 4-speed 1972- B-Series/Courier pickups
M5 — 5-speed
M5MD — 5-speed 1976- B-Series/Courier pickups
M5OD — 5-speed longitudinal
G5M — 5-speed
G5M-R — 5-speed
Mazda R15M-D transmission — 5-speed
Mazda R15MX-D transmission — 5-speed 4x4
Mazda S15M-D transmission — 5-speed
Mazda S15MX-D transmission — 5-speed 4x4
Mazda S5A1 transmission — 5-speed
Mazda SkyActiv-MT short shift transmission — 6-speed
See also
List of Ford transmissions
Mazda transmissions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Mazda%20transmissions |
Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman.
She was a daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse and Christine of Saxony, daughter of George, Duke of Saxony.
On 8 July 1560 she married Louis VI, Elector Palatine. They had the following children:
Anna Marie (1561–1589), married Charles IX of Sweden
Elisabeth (15 June – 2 November 1562)
Dorothea Elisabeth (12 January – 7 March 1565)
Dorothea (1566–1567)
Frederick Philip (19 October 1567 – 14 November 1568)
Johann Friedrich (died within a month of birth)
Ludwig (died within three months of birth)
Katharina (1572–1586)
Christine (1573–1619)
Frederick (1574–1610), succeeded as Elector Palatine
Philip (4 May 1575 – 9 August 1575)
Elisabeth (1576–1577)
Ancestors
|-
1539 births
1582 deaths
Electresses of the Palatinate
House of Hesse
Princesses of the Palatinate
House of Wittelsbach
16th-century German people
16th-century German women
Burials at the Church of the Holy Spirit, Heidelberg
Daughters of monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth%20of%20Hesse%2C%20Electress%20Palatine |
Dan Maynes-Aminzade ( ; born in 1979), mononymously known as Monzy, is a nerdcore hip hop artist and software engineer at Facebook.
Professional history
Dan received his PhD from Stanford University in September 2008. His Ph.D. is titled Interactive Visual Prototyping of Computer Vision Applications.
Dan received his master's degree from MIT, where he was a member of the Tangible Media Group at the MIT Media Lab under the direction of Professor Hiroshi Ishii from 2001 to 2003. There he worked on the Actuated Workbench, a device that uses magnetic forces to move objects on a table around in two dimensions.
Dan received his bachelor's degree from Carnegie Mellon University, where his research advisor was Randy Pausch; his Undergraduate Honors Thesis is titled "Techniques for Interactive Audience Participation".
From 1997 to 2001 he was a member of Stage 3 Research Group, based at Carnegie Mellon's Human-Computer Interaction Institute. There he worked on new techniques for interactive audience participation.
Nerdcore hip-hop
Monzy made his hip-hop debut with Drama in the PhD which called out his musical rival MC Plus+. It gained large popularity after being described as "the best fucking thing I've ever heard" by LiveJournal creator Brad Fitzpatrick. It eventually made it into a Wired magazine article, and Monzy was interviewed for a segment on the German television program Taff. He was also mentioned in the February 2006 issue of EE Times, an academic and industry-oriented publication dedicated to issues in the field of Electrical Engineering.
On January 10, 2006, Monzy performed at the DivX, Inc. booth of the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, along with other nerdcore artists. With Karl Olson acting as a mediator, Monzy and MC Plus+ finally ended their rivalry and performed together on the same stage.
"Kill Dash Nine" (appears on Rhyme Torrents Vol.1)
Strava running route analytics
Daniel "Monzy" Aminzade also created a number of popular leaderboards/analytics websites for tracking running/cycling routes based on Strava data. hhpcounter.com is the official counter for mayorship on the HHP (Heron's Head Park) running route, while bayloops.com tracks the runners doing the "Bay Loop", both in San Francisco. During the COVID-19 lockdowns he created longtinyloop.com to track runners achieving interesting running circuits, rewarding certain characteristics, in their own neighbourhoods.
Media coverage
Zipern, Andrew. "At MIT, Making Fun of the Alma Mater" The New York Times December 3, 2001.
Newitz, Annalee. "Sex Studies at MIT" San Francisco Bay Guardian December 13, 2001.
Orlowski, Andrew. "WCs meet PCs: converged tech toilets show promise" The Register May 27, 2003.
Maxim Magazine "Streaming Video" Maxim Magazine August, 2003.
TechTV Hot Click TechTV October, 2003.
Andrews, Robert. "Rap Marketing Comes to Nerdcore." Wired June 23, 2005.
Reed, Bryan. "Nerdcore Hip-Hop" The Daily Tarheel December 8, 2005.
Clendenin, Mike. "Geeksta Rappers Rhyme Tech Talk" EE Times February 13, 2006.
Nguyen, Thuy-Dzuong. "Nerdcore rap helps dorky losers spit mad game" Gonzaga Bulletin March 24, 2006.
Darling, Cary. "Beats and Geeks" The Fort Worth Star-Telegram February 18, 2007.
Silverberg, David. "Beats, Geeks, and Freaks" NOW Magazine April 26, 2007.
Neill, Huw. "Nerdcore for Life" Canvas Magazine April, 2007.
Miranda, Jeff. "Refrain of the Nerds" The Boston Globe November 4, 2007.
Ding, Mike "Only for the 'Nerdcore'" The Stanford Daily November 14, 2007
References
External links
Personal website (Archived)
Professional website (Archived)
Nerdcorehiphop.org website
hhpcounter website
American rappers
Living people
Nerdcore artists
Computer programmers
1979 births
Google employees
21st-century American rappers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Maynes-Aminzade |
"You Win My Love" is a song recorded by Canadian country music singer Shania Twain. It was released on January 27, 1996, as the fifth single from her second studio album The Woman in Me. The song was written solely by then husband and producer Robert John "Mutt" Lange, making it one of Twain's only songs she didn't write. Lyrically, the song uses car metaphors to describe a fruitful relationship.
"You Win My Love" marked Twain's third and fifth number ones on the US Hot Country Songs and Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart, spending two and three weeks at number one respectively; notably, the song completely fell out the top ten after its two weeks at number one in the US. Like prior single "(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!", the song was remixed by Mutt Lange for international audiences; it was later released in Australia in 1997. Twain performed the song on both the Come On Over Tour and Rock This Country Tour and both of her Vegas residencies.
Music video
The music video for "You Win My Love" was shot in Orlando, Florida and directed by Steven Goldmann. It was filmed on January 14 and 15, 1996 and debuted on CMT on January 27 of that same year. The video is set at a race track where Twain drives around in a race car in a skin-tight leather outfit, and is based on the lyrics to the song which are vehicle-related. Two versions of the video were released, one with the 'Album Version' and one with the 'Mutt Lange Mix'. The 'Mutt Lange Mix' version is available on Twain's DVD The Platinum Collection, while the 'Album Version' is available on YouTube.
Chart performance
"You Win My Love" debuted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart the week of February 24, 1996, at number 47, the highest debut of the week and Twain's then highest debut on the chart, a record previously held by "The Woman in Me", when it entered the chart at number 65. "You Win My Love" spent 20 weeks on the chart and climbed to a peak position of number one on May 4, 1996, where it remained for two weeks. The single became Twain's third number-one single after "Any Man of Mine" and "I'm Outta Here!" "You Win My Love" was tied with "Any Man of Mine" for fastest climb to the top at eleven weeks, as well as both "Any Man of Mine" and "I'm Outta Here!" for most weeks at number-one, at two. The song reached number two on the Hot Country Singles Sales chart. The song was released commercially as a double a-side single with later single "Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)". It officially debuted at number 16 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart on March 16, 1996; it debuted at number 116 if combining this chart with the mainline Hot 100. The song later peaked at number 8 on the Bubbling Under chart the week of April 27, 1996. It spent 12 weeks on the chart, becoming Twain's longest running single on the chart.
"You Win My Love" debuted at number 67 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart on the week of February 19, 1996. The song went on to reach the top spot of the chart the week of April 8, 1996, where it spent three weeks at the top spot.; it marked Twain's fifth consecutive number one song in her home country. "You Win My Love" was also released in Australia in its remix form, where Twain had previous success with the remix of "I'm Outta Here!"; it was not successful however, only peaking at number 67.
Official versions
Album Version (4:26)
Radio Edit (3:45)
Mutt Lange Mix (4:40)
Mutt Lange Mix Edit (3:54)
Still the One: Live from Vegas version (4:33)
Track listings
US CD & Cassette Single
"You Win My Love" — 4:26
"Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)" — 4:12
Australian CD Single
"You Win My Love" (Mutt Lange Mix) — 3:57
"You Win My Love" (Album Version) — 4:26
"If It Don't Take Two" — 3:40
Australian CD & Cassette Single
"You Win My Love" (Mutt Lange Mix) — 3:57
"You Win My Love" (Album Version) — 4:26
"If It Don't Take Two" — 3:40
"(If You're Not In It For Love) I'm Outta Here!" — 4:27
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Notes
1996 singles
Shania Twain songs
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Song recordings produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Mercury Records singles
Mercury Nashville singles
Music videos directed by Steven Goldmann
1995 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Win%20My%20Love |
The F3A is a 3-speed automatic transmission from Mazda. The transmission is hydraulically controlled, and used on front wheel drive vehicles which have a small engine.
It was equipped with a centrifugal type torque converter clutch on later models such as the Ford Aspire.
Gear ratios:
{|
|-
| 1st gear:|| 2.841
|-
| 2nd gear:|| 1.541
|-
| 3rd gear:|| 1.000
|-
| Reverse:|| 2.400
|}
Applications:
1981–1986 Mazda GLC
1983–1986 Mazda 626
1983–1986 Mazda MX-6
1985–1988 Chevrolet Spectrum
1985–1989 Geo Spectrum
1985–1989 Isuzu I-Mark
1986–1989 Mazda 323
1987–1989 Mercury Tracer
1986–1993 Ford Festiva
1990–1994 Geo Storm
1991–1993 Isuzu Stylus
1994–1997 Ford Aspire
1992–1993 Suzuki Swift GLX
See also
List of Mazda transmissions
F3A | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda%20F3A%20transmission |
Faculty of Medicine of Memorial University of Newfoundland is located on the eastern edge of North America and is one of two medical schools in Atlantic Canada. It was founded in 1967 and is the academic core of health research in the province.
The Faculty of Medicine includes the medical school, postgraduate residency training programs and graduate programs leading to a Masters, Doctoral or MD-PhD degree or to diplomas in Community Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Post-Secondary Studies (Health Professional Education). It is located in adjacent to the Health Sciences Centre on the northwest corner of the St. John's campus of Memorial University of Newfoundland, as well as many smaller sites in urban and rural areas throughout Newfoundland and Labrador and Atlantic Canada.
History
In 1966, Lord Russell Brain completed a Royal Commission on Health, which advised that a medical school was crucial for health care in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Several other reports ensued, all supporting the necessity of a medical school. The federal government's Health Resources Fund was also essential to the realization of a medical school for this province. In 1967, Premier Joseph R. Smallwood committed the government to a formal financial commitment.
On Sept. 1, 1967, after an international search in Canada, England and the United States, the Faculty of Medicine became a reality with the appointment of Ian Rusted as the first dean of medicine.
That same year, the university announced K. B. Roberts, born in London, England, as associate dean of medicine, a position that became effective full-time in 1968. Both Rusted and Roberts traveled throughout Canada and the United States examining the setup of various medical schools in order to design the most appropriate model for Memorial University and the General Hospital.
The university announced two more appointments in the Faculty of Medicine in February 1968, and they too were heavily involved with the development of the school. William Marshall, born in London, England, but now living in New York, was appointed associate professor of immunology and director of Postgraduate Medical Education, effective June 1, 1968. A. M. House, professor of neurology and chief of staff at the St. John's General Hospital, was appointed director of Continuing Medical Education (CME). All four doctors tackled the job of further faculty recruitment.
The first class graduated from Memorial's Faculty of Medicine in 1973. Sharon Peters was a member of the second graduating class from Memorial's Faculty of Medicine who went on to become the first clinical chief of critical care, and later became a professor.
The University is presently developing a Faculty of Medicine, in association with the University of Prince Edward Island.
Programs
Memorial's Faculty of Medicine is accredited by the Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools (CACMS) of the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).
The Faculty of Medicine has 320 medical students and 250 postgraduate residents from all socio-economic backgrounds; nearly half come from rural areas. The faculty recently won the Keith Award for the seventh time for having the largest number of graduates practicing in a rural area 10 years after graduation. Memorial's average between 2007 and 2017 was 45 per cent compared to the national average of 22 per cent.
The four-year undergraduate medical program provides a comprehensive and integrated medical education. Teaching methods are diverse, but there is an emphasis on small group teaching. The size of the faculty and the student body facilitate a personalized learning environment. An integrated approach to the field of medicine is encouraged by a non-departmental administration system based on three divisions: Community Health and Humanities, BioMedical Sciences and the Clinical Sciences.
The faculty's curriculum places particular emphasis on community and rural medicine learning environments, and patient contact starts early in a medical student's training. Memorial's medical graduates are sought after across Canada and in the U.S. and are recognized for their clinical maturity and good grounding in the basics. The faculty excels in clinical teaching, and has research expertise in specific areas of clinical specialties, community health, epidemiology, applied health and services research, and basic medical science including neurosciences, immunology, cardiovascular & renal physiology and human genetic research.
Graduate programs include a wide range of programs and disciplines, including M.Sc., MPH, MHE, PhD and assorted diplomas in graduate fields.
References
External links
Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine - faculty website
Memorial University of Newfoundland
MUNMED Magazine
Medicine
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Educational institutions established in 1967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial%20University%20of%20Newfoundland%20Faculty%20of%20Medicine |
Tropical Storm Claudette was a 1979 tropical cyclone which was the third-wettest tropical cyclone on record in the contiguous United States. The storm caused significant flooding in eastern Texas and western Louisiana in July 1979. The eighth tropical cyclone and third named storm of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season, Claudette developed from a tropical wave located east of the Windward Islands on July 16. It gradually strengthened and was upgraded to a tropical storm on July 17 and crossed the northern Leeward Islands later that day. As it neared landfall in Puerto Rico early on July 18, upper-level winds weakened it back to a tropical depression. Claudette remained disorganized and the National Hurricane Center operationally reported that it degenerated back into a tropical wave after crossing Puerto Rico. Late on July 18, the depression struck Dominican Republic, emerged into the Caribbean Sea on the following day. Claudette struck western Cuba on July 21, shortly before reaching the Gulf of Mexico and "regenerating" into a tropical cyclone. By July 23, Claudette regained tropical storm intensity and turned northward toward the Gulf Coast of the United States. The storm made landfall near the Texas-Louisiana border late on July 23 as a moderately strong tropical storm. It weakened slowly and drifted over land, lasting until dissipation in West Virginia on July 29.
In the Lesser Antilles, the storm brought heavy rainfall and gusty winds to several islands. Minor flooding occurred in Guadeloupe and Saint Croix. Rainfall exceeding in some areas of Puerto Rico led to widespread agricultural damage, flooded homes and streets, and one fatality; losses were estimated at $750,000 (1979 USD). Despite its passage over Hispaniola and Cuba, impact in both regions is unknown. Claudette brought record-breaking rainfall to eastern Texas. In Alvin, of rain fell in one day, which at one point was the record 24‑hour precipitation amount for any location in the United States. Significant coastal flooding and up to of rainfall was reported in Louisiana. Overall, Claudette was responsible for two deaths and $400 million (1979 USD) in damage.
Meteorological history
A tropical wave, the strongest of the season at mid-tropospheric levels, emerged into the Atlantic in the second week of July. In Dakar, Senegal, winds were as high as 100 mph (155 km/h) in the level of the atmosphere. The wave tracked westward and slowly organized. It is estimated that a tropical depression developed after a surface circulation became evident at 1200 UTC on July 16. Four hours later, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on Tropical Depression Five, which was centered about east of Guadeloupe. The depression moved west-northwestward and approached the northern Lesser Antilles. On July 17, an Air Force reconnaissance aircraft flight reported sustained winds of . As a result, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Claudette later that day.
As the storm moved westward, it encountered wind shear, weakening it back to depression status when it hit Puerto Rico. Claudette moved across islands of Hispaniola and Cuba as a tropical depression before reforming in the Gulf of Mexico on July 21. Fluctuating between tropical depression and tropical storm status, the disorganized storm drifted slowly westward before making landfall along the Texas-Louisiana border on July 24. The storm stalled over Alvin, Texas, on the evening of the 25th. The storm then weakened and continued northeastward through the Ohio Valley before dissipating on July 29.
Impact
Tropical Storm Claudette killed 2 people and left $400 million (1979 USD, $1.1 billion 2005 USD).
Eastern Caribbean
In Fort-de-France, Martinique, of rain fell in 24 hours, causing localized flooding. Another total of was measured at the Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport. Precipitation amounts between on Guadeloupe resulted in flooding between Pointe-à-Pitre and Grand Fonds. Only of rain fell on Saint Barthélemy. Rainfall amounted to on Antigua and wind gusts reached , while precipitation totals reached and gusts up to were reported on Barbuda. On Saint Kitts, rainfall peaked at and wind gusts topped at .
In the United States Virgin Islands, Claudette dropped of rain in less than 12 hours on the island of Saint Croix. Runoff from Blue Mountain caused a normally dry creek bed to overflow, flooding several homes in the Mon Bijou area. Additionally, about 25 families were evacuated in the vicinity of Glynn by the Civil Defense.
Claudette produced up to of precipitation in Puerto Rico, which was recorded in municipality of Peñuelas. Due to heavy rainfall, about 25 families were evacuated in Quebrada Limón by the Civil Defense. One fatality occurred when an attempted to drive across a swollen creek near Guayanilla. A bridge along the Coayuco River linking Yauco to Quebrada Limón was damaged by the abnormally high water levels of the river. Minor flooding was reported in the Ponce Area was the Río Portugués and Río Bucaná overflowed. Excess rainfall caused the Río Guanajibo to inundate streets to a "considerable" extent in Mayagüez. Widespread agricultural damage was reported, especially in Las Marías, Maricao, Sabana Grande, and San Sebastián. Overall, losses in Puerto Rico amounted to about $750,000 (1979 USD).
United States
Texas
Claudette produced torrential rains in both Texas and Louisiana when it made landfall. The highest one-day total was reported near Alvin, Texas where of rain fell. This remained as the highest twenty-four-hour rainfall record for any location in the United States until the 2018 Kauai floods, when of rain fell in 24 hours in Waipā Garden, Kauai, Hawaii. Two other towns also reported rainfall totals exceeding . There was only one death from drowning and Louisiana received only minor damage from up to of rainfall. Texas was hard hit by Claudette, with flooding reported in southeast Texas from up to of rainfall. Many residents had to be rescued from low-lying areas that were flooded.
Louisiana
Tides reached mean sea-level in Lake Charles, while seas were in Cameron. As a result, significant coastal flooding occurred. of Louisiana Highway 82 was either seriously damaged or destroyed, while of secondary roads were impacted in Cameron Parish. Several boats in the region capsized at the beaches. Seven homes and fishing camps were significantly damaged or destroyed by waves and strong winds in Johnson Bayou. At Constance Beach in Cameron Parish, up to of sand was eroded along a long section.
Elsewhere
In Missouri, rainfall exceeded in some areas. The James River overflowed near Springfield, trapping two elderly women in their home. Heavy rainfall in Farmington backed-up sewer drains, flooded basements, and blew-off large manhole covers. Flood water swept away a car in Ste. Genevieve, washed-out a portion of a sidewalk, and toppled fencing along a baseball field. At the Cover Wagon RV park in Waynesville, flooding damage was approximately $5,000. In Rolla, floodwaters between forced the evacuation of eight families, and washed out driveways. Cars, sheds, fences, kennels, and butane tanks were swept to other locations. Numerous roads were closed in Christian, Greene, and Taney Counties.
As the remnants of Claudette moved inland, it dumped heavy rains across the Midwest and Ohio Valley. Flooding was reported in Missouri, where heavy rains caused significant flooding near St. Louis. In Indiana, about 9 inches of rain fell and isolated flooding was reported.
Aftermath
On July 28, 1979, then-President of the United States Jimmy Carter issued a disaster declaration for Texas, allowing the counties of Brazoria, Chambers, Dallas, Galveston, Jefferson and Orange to be eligible for government aid in order to recover from flooding.
See also
List of Texas hurricanes
List of wettest tropical cyclones in Texas
Other storms of the same name
2018 Kauai flood - a flash flood that has an unverified peak 24 hour rainfall of , which would break Claudette's record
Hurricane Laura - a stronger storm that would take a similar path to Claudette
References
External links
Puerto Rico Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
1979 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in Antigua and Barbuda
Hurricanes in Sint Eustatius
Hurricanes in Anguilla
Hurricanes in Saint Martin (island)
Hurricanes in Saba (island)
1979 natural disasters in the United States
History of British Antigua and Barbuda
1979 in Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla
Floods in Texas
Atlantic tropical storms
Tropical cyclones that lingered over Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Claudette%20%281979%29 |
Athens City Schools is the public school district of Athens, Alabama, USA. As of 2016 it has some 3,904 students and 230 full-time teachers. The district includes one high school http://www.acs-k12.org/ahs, one middle school (6-8) Athens Middle School, one intermediate school (4-5) Athens Intermediate School, and four elementary academies (K-3) i Academy at Athens Elementary, FAME Academy at Brookhill, SPARK Academy at Cowart, and HEART Academy at Julian Newman. Athens City Schools has one non-traditional blended learning school (K-12) Athens Renaissaince School. As of July 2020, the acting superintendent is Beth Patton.
External links
Athens City Schools
School districts in Alabama
Education in Limestone County, Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens%20City%20Schools%20%28Alabama%29 |
The Apollo Pavilion, also known as the Pasmore Pavilion, is a piece of public art in the new town of Peterlee in County Durham in the North East of England, designed by British artist and architect Victor Pasmore. It was completed in 1969.
In December 2011 English Heritage gave the pavilion a Grade-II* listing.
Design and construction
In 1955, Victor Pasmore was appointed Consulting Director of Architectural Design of the Peterlee development corporation. He chose to design the town around a central abstract artwork and pavilion, eventually naming it the Apollo Pavilion as a reference to the optimism of the Apollo Space Program.
The Pavilion is made of reinforced concrete that was cast in situ. The design consists of large geometric planes of white concrete, the only decoration being two oval murals. The structure spans a small lake that frames a large geometric statue by Pasmore; in its original form, the Pavilion provided a pedestrian link between the two halves of the estate.
Victor Pasmore described it as "... an architecture and sculpture of purely abstract form through which to walk, in which to linger and on which to play, a free and anonymous monument which, because of its independence, can lift the activity and psychology of an urban housing community on to a universal plane."
The work remains a rare UK example of a large-scale experiment in the synthesis of art and architecture. "It stands today," says Richard Cork, "as a fascinating example of how contemporary artists can translate their concerns into wholly architectural terms, and how even the restricted budget of a new town is able, given the necessary degree of commitment, to yield funding for a purely imaginative feat."
Reception
The Pavilion was immediately the focus of local complaint, and a councillor, Joan Maslin, mounted a campaign against the work. It became a popular hangout for local youths and was subject to graffiti and vandalism. When the Peterlee Development Corporation (which commissioned the £33,000 work) was disbanded, the local council refused responsibility for cleaning and repair. As a result, the concrete turned grey and began to decay.
In 1982, Victor Pasmore met with residents during a public meeting at the pavilion. Pasmore suggested that, if anything, the graffiti had humanised the piece, and suggested that the solution would not be to remove the piece, but rather, the disruptive families that were abusing it. It was agreed that the stair access would be blocked off and the structure used for planting.
Restoration
In opposition to the residents' campaign, a friends group was organised by regional artists and cultural leaders. In 1998, English Heritage recommended the structure be given listed status but this was declined by Tony Banks in deference to the local political issue. In 2004, the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead commissioned Jane and Louise Wilson to make a video installation featuring the Pavilion. In the mid-2000s, there was a proposal to restore the structure and enlarge the lake, so that the Pavilion would be less accessible.
In 2006, road signs were installed for directions to the Apollo Pavilion at the Passfield Way and Oakerside Drive junction saying 'Oakerside Drive leading to Pasmore's Apollo Pavilion'. Further down Oakerside Drive next to the Hearts of Oak public house is a road sign for the car park to visit the Pavilion and another sign for the footpath leading to the Pavilion.
Following a meeting at the Pavilion in September 2008, it was agreed that the structure would be repaired with lottery funding. Sunday July 11, 2009 at 4pm saw the official unveiling of the Apollo Pavilion, after £400,000 was spent on its restoration. The stair access was restored, as well as feature lighting, and both murals. £336,000 of the funds came from the Heritage Lottery Fund, while the remaining £65,000 was provided by Durham County Council.
Unveiling the commemorative plaque, John Pasmore, Victor's son, said, "I am delighted the pavilion has been restored to its original state and once again reflects my father's vision."
See also
Angel of the North
References
External links
Making the grade: Apollo Pavilion, Peterlee, By Keith Miller, 2002-07-27 - Telegraph
https://web.archive.org/web/20090404113542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/tees/content/image_galleries/apollo_pavillion_gallery.shtml?
Outdoor sculptures in England
Concrete sculptures in England
1970 sculptures
Grade II* listed buildings in County Durham
Peterlee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%20Pavilion |
Poison dart frogs have been regularly maintained and bred in captivity since the 1970s. The International Zoo Yearbook reported in 1977 that Stuttgart Zoo bred Phyllobates bicolor and Zoo Basel bred Dendrobates auratus.
The first documented successful captive propagation of dendrobatids in the United States is a report by David Grow that describes breeding success for Dendrobates auratus at the Sedgwick County Zoo in Wichita, Kansas. By the 1980s, dart-frogs were being kept by hobbyists and not just by zoos and scientific institutions.
In the United Kingdom, the British Dendrobatid Group (BDG) was set up in 1989 by Bob Davies and Malcolm Peaker. Despite its name, the BDG was an international group of people concerned with one objective: the conservation and captive breeding of a small group of South American frogs belonging to the Dendrobates, Phyllobates and related genera such as Mantella spp.
There is evidence from publications that these frogs may have been maintained by private individuals in mainland Europe considerably earlier than this, even starting in 1932.
Dentrobates tinctorius azureus was bred successfully at Paignton Zoo in February 2018.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212303/http://dendrobatids.com/dendrobatids/feeding%26care.htm
Dendrobatid frogkeeping
Poison dart frogs
dendrobatid frogkeeping | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20dendrobatid%20frogkeeping |
Saulnierville is a rural Acadian fishing community founded in 1785, located in Nova Scotia, Canada. It contains the French Shore's largest fish processing plant, Comeau Sea Foods, which has been in operations since 1946. Saulnierville also has one of the oldest churches in the region, Sacré Cœur (Sacred Heart) Church, built in 1880. The Clare Municipality Veterans Centre in Saulnierville is the starting point of the Gran Fondo Baie Sainte-Marie, a mass-start cycling ride in late September. It is located in Digby County.
In 2020, the community was the centre of a lobster fishing dispute between Mi'kmaq and non-indigenous fishers.
References
Communities in Digby County, Nova Scotia
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saulnierville |
The G4A-EL was a 4-speed automatic transmission from Mazda. It was Mazda's first four-speed transmission on its introduction in 1987.
The original 1987 G4A-EL included three shift solenoids, a lockup solenoid, a vane-type pump, and a throttle cable. It was redesigned for 1988 and used in the Ford Probe the next year under the 4EAT-G name by Ford.
Applications:
1987–1992 Mazda 626
1989–1992 Mazda MX-6
1989–1992 Ford Probe
1990–1991 Mazda 323 AWD
G4A-HL
The G4A-HL was a governor controlled lighter-duty version produced in 1988 and 1989.
Applications:
1988–1989 Mazda 323
Mazda 323 for year 1989 :File:1988_Mazda_323_(BF_Series_2)_Super_Deluxe_sedan_(2015-06-18).jpg
GF4A-EL
The transmission was reworked again for 1993 as the GF4A-EL with seven solenoids, a rotor-type pump, and the removal of the throttle cable, GF4A-EL It is referred to as the F-4EAT by Ford Motor Company
In 1994, all US-built 4-cylinder 626s and MX-6s began using the locally sourced ZF/Ford designed CD4E transmission, which Mazda given the code LA4A-EL.
Applications
Ford Motor Company
1991–1996 Ford Laser (EU AUS & NZ)
1991–2002 Ford Escort
1998–2003 Ford ZX2
1993–1997 Ford Probe
1991–1999 Mercury Tracer
1991–1994 Mercury Capri
Mazda
1990–2003 Mazda Protege
1993 Mazda 626 LX V6/ES V6
1990–1994 Mazda 323
1992–1995 Mazda MX-3
1995–2001 Mazda Millenia (non-Miller cycle engine)
1999–2001 Mazda MPV 2.5 Duratec (non-3.0 Duratec)
2007–2012 Ford Escape (ZC, ZD series, 2.3 L Duratec)
also known to be used in Mazda Xedos 6 and Mazda Xedos 9
Kia
1994–2001 Kia Sephia
2000–2003 Kia Spectra
2000–2005 Kia Rio
See also
List of Mazda transmissions
List of Ford transmissions
F3A
Ford transmissions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda%20G4A-EL%20transmission |
Nikolaevsk could be:
Nikolaevsk, Alaska, United States
Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
Nikolaevsk-Na-Amure Air Enterprise
Nikolayevsk, a town in Volgograd Oblast, Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaevsk |
Route 79 is a state highway in southern Connecticut from Madison to Durham.
Route description
Route 79 begins at US 1 in Madison center and heads north across I-95 (at Exit 61). It continues north, intersecting with Horse Pond Road (an unsigned state road designated as Special Service Road 450), which leads to the town offices, and eventually, Hammonasset Beach State Park. Route 79 continues into the village of North Madison where it has an intersection with Route 80 at a roundabout. The road continues north into the town of Killingworth, intersecting Route 148 just south of the town line with Durham. The road runs north for another within Durham before ending at Route 17 south of the town center. Route 79 is known as Durham Road within Madison, Madison-Durham Road within Killingworth, and Madison Road within Durham.
History
In the 19th century, the road from Madison to Durham was known as the Durham and East Guilford Turnpike, a private toll-road established in 1811. When the state took over maintenance of trunkline routes in 1922, the alignment of the old turnpike was designated as State Highway 190. Route 79 was established in the 1932 state highway renumbering as a simple number change of old Highway 190. Portions of the route in Madison were straightened in the 1940s.
Junction list
References
External links
079
Transportation in Middlesex County, Connecticut
Transportation in New Haven County, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Route%2079 |
Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (13 April 1573 in Kiel – 8 December 1625 at Gripsholm Castle) was Queen of Sweden as the second wife of King Charles IX. She served as regent in 1605, during the absence of her spouse, and in 1611, during the minority of her son, King Gustav II Adolph.
Biography
Christina was the daughter of Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and Christine of Hesse (daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse). In 1586, she was suggested as a bride for Sigismund of Poland, but nothing came of plans to marry him. On 8 July 1592, she became the second spouse of Charles, Duke of Södermanland, who in 1599 became Sweden's regent and in 1604 its king. She was crowned together with her spouse in Uppsala cathedral in 1607. According to legend, she encouraged her spouse to conquer the throne from Sigismund in 1598 because of her disappointment that she was never married to Sigismund.
Queen
Queen Christina was a domineering and strong-willed person with a strong sense of economy. She was both respected and feared. She has been described as hard, stubborn and stingy, and it is claimed that while the former wife of her spouse always tried to persuade him to show leniency in his acts, Christina did the opposite. She executed a very strict control over the court, which is illustrated by the anecdote that she measured up the sewing-thread for her servants in person. Her marriage has been described as happy, as they were very similar in personality. She accompanied him to Estonia and Finland in 1600–1601.
Christina is not considered to have dominated her likewise dominant and temperamental spouse, but she did not lack political significance and influence. Although her spouse did not let her dictate policy, he did ask her for advice in political matters. During the war with Denmark, he disregarded her advice and came to be in conflict with her because he suspected her to be pro-Danish. In 1604, Charles IX left instructions that she should be regent of the guardian government in the case he should die if their son and heir was still minor, and in 1605, she acted as regent during her spouse's absence in Livonia. She is also known to have prevented the election of her younger son Charles Philip to the throne of the Russian Czar in 1610–1612 by keeping him at home from the Russian election when he was to be sent to Moscow. She was reportedly relieved when the affair was terminated in 1614.
Queen dowager
Upon the death of her spouse on 30 October 1611, she became regent during the minority of her son, as was instructed in the act of 1604. She shared the regency with John, Duke of Ostrogothia. As her son was almost of legal age, however, her reign did not last longer than from October to December of that year, and was automatically terminated on her son's birthday 9 December, when he reached legal majority.
During her son's first years as king in the 1610s, she was considered by some the real, or one of the real, rulers behind the throne, even though she was no longer formally regent. She certainly acted as adviser for her son. He asked for her advice regarding the marriage of her daughter in 1612, which proved to cause a conflict with the Lutheran church. She had in fact suggested that marriage herself for political reasons and was determined to see it through, and she also arranged the marriage of her step daughter Catherine against the will of the council in 1615.
As a dowager queen, she is known for preventing her son from marrying Ebba Brahe, an affair which was drawn out for several years in 1613–1615. Her reason was her preference for the political benefit a dynastic marriage could have, and her fear of the complications a marriage with a noble could have, and she regarded the precedence of queen Gunilla Bielke, who had been accused of undue political influence and favoring of her relatives, as a bad example. During this affair, she wrote a famous poem on the window of Ebba Brahe, which goes : "This you want, that you shall – that is the way in cases as this".
While her regency of her eldest son was very short, she also served as regent during the minority of her younger son Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland in the Duchy of Södermanland from 1611 to 1622, as the Duchy was in fact almost autonomous. She resided in Nyköping Castle, from where she managed the iron mines of her spouse and took an active interest in business. During her reign, the Duchy became the center of the Cereal export and iron- and weapon manufacture and one of the largest financiers of the crown. She also guarded and defended the autonomy of the duchies against the crown, which was about to lead to a conflict with her son the king.
In 1622, however, her youngest son Charles Philip died, and she retired from public life altogether and settled in her dower. After his death, his secret marriage to Elisabet Ribbing was discovered, and she became the guardian of his daughter Elisabet Gyllenhielm (1622–1682).
Children
Christina (26 November 1593– 25 May 1594)
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (Gustav II Adolf) (9 December 1594– 16 November 1632)
Maria Elizabeth (10 March 1596– 7 August 1618), married her first cousin John, Duke of Östergötland, youngest son of John III of Sweden
Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland (22 April 1601– 25 January 1622)
A stillborn son (20 July 1606)
Ancestors
References
Westerlund, Kerstin (2004), Kvinnliga brukspatroner, Tekniska museet.
Nordisk Familjebok
Carl Grimberg: Svenska Folkets underbara öden II. 1521–1611 (The wonderous destinys of the Swedish people)
Kristina, urn:sbl:11772, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Ivan Svalenius), hämtad 2013-12-05.
Further reading
1573 births
1625 deaths
Nobility from Kiel
House of Holstein-Gottorp
Christina 1604
Regents of Sweden
17th-century women rulers
17th-century Swedish politicians
Queen mothers
Daughters of monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina%20of%20Holstein-Gottorp |
The Heavenly host ( ṣəḇāʾōṯ, "armies") refers to the army (or host) of Yahweh, as mentioned in both the Hebrew and Christian Bibles, as well as other Abrahamic texts.
The Bible typically describes the Heavenly host as being made up of angels, and gives several descriptions of angels in military terms, such as their encampment (), command structure (; Matt.13:41; Rev.7:2), and participation in combat (; Rev.12:7). Other passages indicate other entities make up the divine army, namely stars (, ). In Christian theology, the heavenly host participate in the war in Heaven.
Biblical accounts
Old Testament
In the Hebrew Bible, the name Yahweh and the title Elohim (literally 'gods', usually rendered as 'God' in English translations) frequently occur with the word tzevaot or sabaoth ("hosts" or "armies", Hebrew: צבאות) as YHWH Elohe Tzevaot ("YHWH God of Hosts"), Elohe Tzevaot ("God of Hosts"), Adonai YHWH Tzevaot ("Lord YHWH of Hosts") or, most frequently, YHWH Tzevaot ("YHWH of Hosts"). This name is traditionally transliterated in Latin as Sabaoth, a form that will be more familiar to many English readers, as it is used in the King James Version of the Bible.
In the Book of Joshua 5:13–15, Joshua encounters a "captain of the host of the Lord" in the early days of his campaigns in the Promised Land. This unnamed heavenly messenger is sent by God to encourage Joshua in the upcoming claiming of the Promised Land:
New Testament
In the Book of Revelation, the rebellious forces of Satan are defeated by the heavenly host led by Michael the Archangel during the War in Heaven (Rev.12:7–9).
Quran
The Quran mentions God's heavenly army (Jundallah () in , comparable to the heavenly host in Judeo-Christian tradition. The term junud referring to explicitly to hosts of spirits. The opposite is junud Iblis (the invisible hosts of Satan). The Quran describes that angels have intervened during the Battle of Badr to fight against the šayāṭīn (devils)
Islamic theology and philosophy understands the battle of these two hosts to occur within the human heart (Qalb) as written in the texts of Ja'far ibn Sa'id and Al-Ghazali. Unlike Christianity, dualistic tendencies are usually minimized in Islamic tradition, and God is ultimately in control of both hosts; enabling a choice to side with either of these created beings.
Baháʼí Faith
The term "Lord of Hosts" is also used in the Baháʼí Faith as a title of God. Bahá'u'lláh, claiming to be the Manifestation of God, wrote tablets to many of the kings and rulers of the world inviting them to recognize him as the Promised One of all ages and faiths, some of which were compiled and published in English as The Summons of the Lord of Hosts.
In literature
In the English epic poem Paradise Lost by John Milton, the Archangel Michael commands the army of angels loyal to God against the fallen angels of Satan. Armed with a sword from God's armory, he defeats Satan in personal combat, wounding his side.
See also
Astrotheology
Divine Council
Hierarchy of angels
List of angels in theology
References
External links
Angels in Christianity
Angels in Judaism
Angels in Islam
Biblical cosmology
Biblical phrases
Christian iconography
Christian terminology
Classes of angels
Heaven
Hebrew Bible words and phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenly%20host |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1976.
1–100
Unsolicited Goods and Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/57 (N.I. 1)
Act of Sederunt (Legal Aid Rules Amendment) 1976 S.I. 1976/60
The District of Welwyn Hatfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/65
The District of South Shropshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/67
101–200
The City of Nottingham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/114
The Borough of Tunbridge Wells (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/115
The Borough of Ribble Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/161
The District of Staffordshire Moorlands (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/174
The District of Ashfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/180
The District of Cannock Chase (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/181
The District of Tynedale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/182
The Darlington and Sedgefield (Areas) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/187
The Glanford and Scunthorpe (Areas) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/188
The District of North Shropshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/196
The Borough of Ellesmere Port (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/197
201–300
The Borough of Burnley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/204
Treatment of Offenders (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/226 (N.I. 4)
Local Government Area Changes Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/246
The District of West Lancashire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/248
The Borough of Milton Keynes (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/284
The District of South Northamptonshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/285
The District of Vale Royal (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/286
The City of Winchester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/287
The Borough of Woking (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/288
The Borough of Halton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/296
The District of Kennet (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/297
The Borough of Rossendale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/298
301–400
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/306
The District of Hart (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/318
The District of Hertsmere (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/319
Legal Aid (Scotland) (General) Amendment Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/333
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Legal Aid Fees Amendment) 1976 S.I. 1976/339
The Lochaber, Skye and Lochalsh Districts (Boundaries) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/340 (S. 26)
The City of Peterborough (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/343
Act of Adjournal (Rules for Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings Amendment) 1976 S.I. 1976/371
Act of Sederunt (Legal Aid Rules and Legal Aid Fees Amendment) 1976 S.I. 1976/373
The District of New Forest (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/379
The Borough of Havant (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/380
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/396
401–500
The District of Huntingdon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/401
Department of Housing, Local Government and Planning (Dissolution) (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/424 (N.I. 6)
Industrial and Provident Societies (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/425 (N.I. 7)
Evidence (European Court) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/428
501–600
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Extension of Proceedings) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/512
Solicitors (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/582 (N.I. 12)
601–700
Social Security (Medical Evidence) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/615
701–800
The District of Eden (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/750
The District of Mansfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/751
The District of Mendip (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/752
The Borough of Stafford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/753
The Borough of Taunton Deane (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/754
The Borough of Wyre (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/755
The District of Alnwick (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/764
The Borough of Blyth Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/765
Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings (General) (Amendment) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/790
801–900
The District of Mid Bedfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/808
The District of Maldon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/809
The District of Neward (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/810
The District of East Northamptonshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/811
The District of West Somerset (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/812
The Borough of Beverley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/822
The Borough of Kettering (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/823
The District of Braintree (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/831
The Borough of Darlington (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/832
The District of Lichfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/833
The District of Castle Point (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/876
901–1000
Submarine Pipe-lines (Diving Operations) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/923
Merchant Shipping (Registration of Submersible Craft) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/940
Child Benefit (Residence and Persons Abroad) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/963
Child Benefit (General) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/965
Tendring Hundred Water Order 1976 S.I. 1976/974
The Borough of Spelthorne (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/992
1001–1100
The Borough of Glanford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1001
Animals (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1040 (N.I. 13)
Births and Deaths Registration (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1041 (N.I. 14)
Sex Discrimination (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1042 (N.I. 15)
The Borough of Stockton-On-Tees (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1053
The Borough of Cleethorpes (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1063
The District of East Hampshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1064
Police (Scotland) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1073
The District of Bassetlaw (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1095
1101–1200
The Borough of Medway (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1130
The Borough of Middlesbrough (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1131
The Borough of North Warwickshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1132
1201–1300
Electrical Equipment (Safety) (Amendment) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1208
Financial Provisions (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1212 (N.I. 21)
Pharmacy (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1213 (N.I. 22)
Poisons (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1214 (N.I. 23)
The District of Dacorum (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1238
Child Benefit and Social Security (Fixing and Adjustment of Rates) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1267
1301–1400
The District of East Hertfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1303
Pensions Increase (Annual Review) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1356
1401–1500
1501–1600
Offshore Installations (Emergency Procedures) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1542
The Borough of Barrow-in-Furness (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1545
The Borough of Hyndburn (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1546
The Borough of Blackburn (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1547
The Borough of Stevenage (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1548
The Borough of Rushmoor (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1549
The Borough of Thurrock (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1550
Immigration (Variation of Leave) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1572
1601–1700
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 2) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1635
Motor Vehicles (Competitions and Trials) (Amendment) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1657
The District of Bridgnorth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1691
The City of Canterbury (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1692
The Borough of Medina (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1693
The Borough of Scunthorpe (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1694
The Borough of South Wight (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1695
1701–1800
The District of Daventry (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1704
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1707
The District of Malvern Hills (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1757
Child Benefit (Miscellaneous) (Minor Amendments) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1758
The Borough of Maidstone (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1762
The Borough of Reigate and Banstead (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1763
The Secretary of State for Transport Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1775
1801–1900
The District of Chester-Le-Street (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1819
The City of Stoke-on-Trent (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1820
The District of Tonbridge and Malling (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1876
Norman Cross—Grimsby Trunk Road (Diversion between London Road, Boston and Algarkirk) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1885
Restrictive Practices Court Rules 1976 S.I. 1976/1897
1901–2000
Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Spain) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1919
The District of Sevenoaks (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1927
The District of Babergh (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1965
The District of South Derbyshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1966
The City of Gloucester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1967
The City of York (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1968
The District of Swale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/1974
Teachers' Superannuation Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/1987
2001–2100
Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/2003
Fire Precautions Act 1971 (Modifications) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/2007
Fire Precautions (Application for Certificate) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/2008
Fire Precautions (Factories, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/2009
Fire Precautions (Non-Certificated Factory, Office, Shop and Railway Premises) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/2010
Motor Vehicles (Competitions and Trials) (Scotland) Regulations 1976 S.I. 1976/2019
Parish and Community Meetings (Polls) (Amendment) Rules 1976 S.I. 1976/2067
The Borough of Gillingham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/2069
2101–2200
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 3) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/2110
The City of Southampton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1976 S.I. 1976/2169
2201–2300
County Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1976 S.I. 19762234
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1976 S.I. 1976/2235
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Notes
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201976 |
, abbreviated from "Japan Automatic Transmission COmpany", is a company that manufactures automatic transmissions for automobiles.
History
In August 1943, Nissan established an aircraft engine production plant in the town of Yoshiwara, Shizuoka. After World War II, this plant began producing components for the production of Nissan automobiles. In January 1970, Nissan established a joint venture with Toyo Kogyo (Mazda) and Ford Motor Company named Japan Automatic Transmission Co., Ltd. This company changed its name to JATCO Corporation in October 1989. Nissan spun off its AT/CVT (automatic transmission/continuously variable transmission) development divisions and its Fuji manufacturing plant into a subsidiary called TransTechnology, Ltd. in June 1999. Four months later, TransTechnology Ltd and JATCO Corporation merged to form JATCO TransTechnology Ltd.
In October 2001, as part of its restructuring, Mitsubishi Motors agreed to merge its transmission division with Jatco TransTechnology Ltd. Mitsubishi spun off its AT/CVT (automatic transmission/continuously variable transmission) division into a new subsidiary called Diamondmatic Co., Ltd. in April 2002. In April 2003, JATCO Ltd. merged with Diamondmatic Co., Ltd. JATCO TransTechnology Ltd changed its name to JATCO Ltd in April 2002. Nissan and Mitsubishi equity holdings in JATCO after the share exchange stood at 82% and 18%, respectively.
In March 2007, Suzuki Motor Corp. acquired a 10 percent stake in Jatco to ensure its supply of continuously variable transmissions. Suzuki purchased 7 percent of its Jatco stock from Nissan and 3 percent from Mitsubishi Motors. Nissan retains 75 percent ownership and Mitsubishi Motors retains 15 percent.
Overseas subsidiaries were established in Mexico (April 2003), France (October 2003), South Korea (May 2004), and Thailand (July 2011).
In September 2009, Jatco began production in Guangzhou, China (JATCO (Guangzhou) Automatic Transmission Ltd.). Production began in Thailand in September 2013. A second plant in Aguascalientes, Mexico began production in September 2014. A plant in Zhangjiagang, China (JATCO (Suzhou) Automatic Transmission Ltd.) began production in November 2019.
In 2012, Jatco became a supplier of gearboxes in Russia for AvtoVAZ. In 2019, Ministry of Industry and Trade (Russia) announced plans to open Jatco production in Tolyatti. However, the supply of gearboxes was stopped after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which, in tandem with the failure of Russian companies to develop an analogue for the last 10 years, left AvtoVAZ without any models with an automatic gearbox.
As of March 2015, JATCO is 75% owned by Nissan, 15% owned by Mitsubishi Motors, and 10% owned by Suzuki.
While it was the transmission manufacturing division of Nissan it partnered with Mazda, and thus Jatco had long been supplying Nissan, Mazda, Subaru, Isuzu, Suzuki, BMW, Volkswagen, MG Rover Group and Land Rover. However, once it was independent, Jatco began supplying other automakers:
December 1999 — Hyundai Motor Company
January 2001 — Jaguar Cars
December 2001 — London Taxis International
January 2002 — Ford Europe
April 2002 — Renault Samsung Motors
April 2002 — Ford Lio Ho
April 2004 — Changan Ford
December 2005 — Chrysler Group U.S.A.
October 2006 - Renault
JATCO became one of the largest suppliers of CVTs, and products from nearly every auto maker have used Jatco transmissions, with major exceptions of Honda Motor Company, who makes their own transmissions, and Toyota Motor Corporation, who has always used transmissions made by their Aisin subsidiary. GM continues to produce a majority of its transmissions through GM Powertrain, an outgrowth of Hydramatic.
See also
List of Jatco transmissions
Jatco SC
References
External links
Jatco English site
Nissan
Mitsubishi Motors
Suzuki
Automotive transmission makers
Auto parts suppliers of Japan
Companies based in Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese brands
Fuji, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatco |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1983.
1–100
The Avon and Somerset (Areas) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/84
The Boothferry (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/96
101–200
Child Benefit (Interim Payments) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/104
The Borough of Neath (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/116
The District of Radnor (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/121
The Borough of Islwyn (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/122
The Merthyr Tydfil (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/124
Lotteries (Gaming Board Fees) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/126
Pneumoconiosis, Byssinosis and Miscellaneous Diseases Benefit Scheme 1983 S.I. 1983/136
The Knowsley (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/138
Financial Provisions (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/147 (N.I. 1)
Quarries (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/150 (N.I. 4)
The Newport (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/154
The Selby (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/167
The Parish of Feckenham Order 1983 S.I. 1983/192
201–300
The Swansea (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/206
The Borough of Merthyr Tydfil (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/209
Crown Roads (Royal Parks) (Application of Road Traffic Enactments) (Amendment) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/217
The Borough of Newport (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/237
Third Country Fishing (Enforcement) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/258
The Aberconwy (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/269
The West Somerset (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/288
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1983 S.I. 1983/290
County Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1983 S.I. 1983/291
Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/293
Local Government (Prescribed Expenditure) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/296
301–400
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) Amendment Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/306
National Health Service (General Medical and Pharmaceutical Services) Amendment Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/313
National Health Service (Regional and District Health Authorities: Membership and Procedure) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/315
The South Derbyshire (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/329
The Colwyn (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/331
Income Tax (Interest Relief) (Housing Associations) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/368
Statutory Sick Pay (Compensation of Employers) and Miscellaneous Provisions Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/376
The City of Swansea (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/381
401–500
The Easington (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/412
Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/417
Rates (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/421 (N.I. 7)
Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/422
The Sedgefield (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/433
The West Derbyshire (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/434
The Borough of Colwyn (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/447
The Borough of Cynon Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/448
The Restormel (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/460
British Fishing Boats Order 1983 S.I. 1983/482
501–600
The Central and Strathclyde Regions and Stirling District (Croftamie) (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1983 S.I. 1983/535
Civil Aviation Authority Regulations 1983 S.I. 1986/550
601–700
Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors (Parts of the Register) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/667
Local Government (Direct Labour Organisations) (Competition) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/685
Personal Injuries (Civilians) Scheme 1983 S.I. 1983/686
701–800
Fresh Meat Export (Hygiene and Inspection) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/703
The Civil Courts Order 1983 S.I. 1983/713
Third Country Fishing (Enforcement) (No. 2) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/720
Dogs (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/764 (N.I. 8)
Property (Discharge of Mortgage by Receipt) (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/766 (N.I. 9)
Rates (Amendment No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/767 (N.I. 10)
801–900
Merchant Shipping (Medical Examination) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/808
The County of Gloucestershire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/829
The County of Dorset (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/830
The County of Oxfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/842
Teachers (Compensation) (Advanced Further Education) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/856
Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Rules 1983 S.I. 1983/873
Naval, Military and Air Forces etc. (Disablement and Death) Service Pensions Order 1983 S.I. 1983/883
Mental Health (Hospital Guardianship and Consent to Treatment) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/893
901–1000
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Legal Aid Fees Amendment) 1983 S.I. 1983/972
The Kilmarnock and Loudoun District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/989
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/996
Supplementary Benefit (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1000
1001–1100
Scottish Land Court (Fees) Amendment Rules 1983 S.I. 1983/1058
The Clydebank District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1059
1101–1200
Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Oil Pollution) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1106
Criminal Attempts and Conspiracy (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1118 (N.I. 13)
Housing (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1120 (N.I. 15)
Classification and Labelling of Explosives Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1140
Community Meetings (Polls) (Amendment) Rules 1983 S.I. 1983/1151
The Clydesdale District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1197
The Argyll and Bute District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1198
1201–1300
Sea Fish Licensing Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1206
Medicines (Products Other Than Veterinary Drugs) (Prescription Only) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1212
Pensions Increase (Review) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1264
1301–1400
The West Dorset (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1330
The Allerdale and Carlisle (Areas) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1339
The Motherwell District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1347
The East Hampshire and Havant (Areas) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1376
Measuring Equipment (Liquid Fuel delivered from Road Tankers) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1390
Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Oil Pollution) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1398
Supplementary Benefit (Requirements) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1399
1401–1500
Explosives and Related Matters (Fees) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1450
Legal Advice and Representation (Duty Solicitor) (Remuneration) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1451
Remuneration of Teachers (Primary and Secondary Education) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1463
The Strathkelvin District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1489
Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) (Fees) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1500
1501–1600
North East of Birmingham–Nottingham Trunk Road, The Birmingham–Nottingham Route (Appleby Magna to Kegworth Section and Slip Roads) No. 2 Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1528
The County of Buckinghamshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1529
The Rhondda (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1530
The East Cambridgeshire (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1531
The Rugby (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1532
The Wyre Forest (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1533
The Dumbarton District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1574
The Town and Country Planning (Structure and Local Plans) (Scotland) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1590 (S. 149)
Social Security (Unemployment, Sickness and Invalidity Benefit) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1598
1601–1700
Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Scotland) Amendment Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1619
Petroleum (Regulation) Acts 1928 and 1936 (Fees) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1640
Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1649
Weights and Measures (Local and Working Standard Capacity Measures) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1654
The North Kesteven and West Lindsey (Areas) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1664
Town and Country Planning (Fees for Applications and Deemed Applications) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1674
1701–1800
The County of Hereford and Worcester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1723
Accounts and Audit Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1761
Building Societies (Accounts and Annual Return) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1768
The Ynys Mon-Isle of Anglesey (Communities) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1788
1801–1900
Insurance Companies (Accounts and Statements) Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1811
The Corby (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1839
The Hertsmere (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1840
The Bracknell (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1843
The Purbeck (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1844
The Newark (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1847
The Lewes (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1867
The Parish of Morpeth Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1868
The Forest Heath (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1869
The Teignbridge (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1870
The Boston (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1873
The North West Leicestershire (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1874
Access to the Countryside (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1895 (N.I. 18)
Firearms (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1899 (N.I. 20)
Fisheries (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1900 (N.I. 21)
1901–2000
Judgments Enforcement (Attachment of Debts) (Northern Ireland) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1904 (N.I. 22)
The Maidstone and Swale (Areas) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1936
The Holderness (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1937
The Brentwood (Parishes) Order 1983 S.I. 1983/1941
Adoption Agencies Regulations 1983 S.I. 1983/1964
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201983 |
Alexander Stewart may refer to:
Politicians
Alexander Stewart (British Army officer) (c. 1739–1794), British army general, Scottish politician, MP for Kirkcudbright Stewartry 1786–94
Alexander Stewart (1746–1831), Irish MP
Alexander Stewart (Nova Scotian politician) (1794–1865), lawyer, judge and politician in Nova Scotia
Alexander Robert Stewart (1795–1850), Irish MP
Alexander Stewart (American politician) (1829–1912), US politician
Alexander David Stewart (1852–1899), Canadian politician
Alexander Stewart (British Columbia politician), mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1914 to 1916
Alexander Stewart (MSP) (born 1962), Conservative Member of the Scottish Parliament
Nobles
Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland (died 1283), Scottish magnate
Alexander Stewart of Bonkyll (c. 1271–1319), Scottish nobleman
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan (1343–1405), also known as the "Wolf of Badenoch", Scottish prince and magnate
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar (1375–1435), Scottish nobleman
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (1430–1430)
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1454–1485), Scottish prince and magnate
Alexander Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan (died 1505)
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross (1514–1515)
Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Galloway (1580–1649)
Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway (c. 1694–1773)
Alexander Stewart (1699–1781) (1697/99–1781), ancestor of the Marquess of Londonderry
Religion
Alexander Stewart (bishop of Ross) (died 1371), Scottish prelate, Bishop of Ross
Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews) (c. 1493–1513), Scottish prelate
Alexander Stewart (bishop of Moray) (1477–1537), Scottish prelate, Bishop of Moray
Alexander Stewart (moderator) (died 1915), principal of St Andrews University, moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1911
Alexander Doig Stewart (1926–1999), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Massachusetts
Sports
Alexander Stewart (rugby union) (1852–1945), Scottish international rugby union player
Alexander Stewart (cricketer) (1858–1904), English cricketer
Others
Alexander Stewart (diplomat) (died 1593), Scottish landowner involved in negotiations about Mary, Queen of Scots
Alexander Boyd Stewart (1904–1981), Scottish agriculturalist
Alexander Dron Stewart (1883–1969), 20th-century Scottish physician and public health expert
Alexander P. Stewart (1821–1908), American Confederate general
Alexander Turney Stewart (1803–1876), American businessman
See also
Alexander Stewart Provincial Park, a provincial park in central Ontario, Canada
Alex Stewart (disambiguation)
Sandy Stewart (disambiguation)
Alexander Stuart (disambiguation)
Alex Stuart (disambiguation)
Stewart Alexander (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Stewart |
Atul Kulkarni (born 10 September 1965) is an Indian actor, producer and screenwriter who works in Hindi, Marathi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, English, Odia and Telugu language films. Kulkarni won the National Award for the Best Supporting Actor for the films Hey Ram and Chandni Bar. He is also the president of Quest, a research-action organization concentrating on enhancing quality of education. He left his study in engineering at College of Engineering, Pune while he was in his first year. He is known for his performances in films like Hey Ram, Chandni Bar, Rang De Basanti (2006), Natarang (2010) among others. He has also written the screenplay of Laal Singh Chadda, the official remake of Forrest Gump.
Early life and career
Kulkarni received his diploma in acting from the National School of Drama, New Delhi in 1995. He is married to theater actress Geetanjali Kulkarni, whom he met at the National School of Drama.
Kulkarni's first stint on stage was during his high school days. He participated in the Maharashtra State Drama Competition regularly. Between 1989 and 1992, he won awards for Acting and also for Drama-Direction. Atul enacted in Gandhi Viruddh Gandhi, the play made later famous by Dilip Prabhavalkar in Marathi professional theatre circuit until mid-90s. Later during his college days he actively participated in cultural gatherings. While studying, Atul joined Natya Aradhana, an amateur theatre group from Solapur. Atul Kulkarni holds a postgraduate diploma in dramatic arts from National School of Drama, New Delhi.
Atul Kulkarni, a national-award winner and a fine actor, expresses his belief of art being a product of social, political and economic changes in the society.
Other works
Philanthropy
Kulkarni has been serving as President of Quest Education Support Trust. Quest Trust invests in running workshops and enabling Teachers, to support education for children of marginalized communities between 3–14 years. All this activity is mainly in State of Maharashtra. It conducts its activities in Marathi language.
Atul Kulkarni has been active in sharing his knowledge on running NGO with other NGO's. He does visit Maharashtra based NGO's like Snehalaya regularly. Kulkarni has been involved in an environmental project, making a 24-acre barren land in Satara District into Green area.
Filmography
As actor
As writer
Television/web series
Awards and nominations
National Film Awards
Filmfare Awards
2001: Nominated: Best Supporting Actor for Hey Ram
2012: Won : Best Supporting Actor – Kannada for Edegarike
Asia Pacific Screen Awards
2010: Nominated: Best Performance by an Actor for Natarang
VIFF Vienna Independent Film Festival
2019: Won: Best Actor in Murder on the Road to Kathmandu
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
Male actors from Karnataka
Male actors in Kannada cinema
Male actors in Marathi cinema
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Male actors in Malayalam cinema
Indian male film actors
People from Belgaum
Best Supporting Actor National Film Award winners
Filmfare Awards South winners
National School of Drama alumni
20th-century Indian male actors
21st-century Indian male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atul%20Kulkarni |
Augustus Chapman Allen (July 4, 1806 – January 11, 1864), along with his younger brother, John Kirby Allen, founded the City of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas. He was born on July 4, 1806, in Canaseraga Village, New York (now the hamlet of Sullivan in the Town of Sullivan, New York), to Sarah (Chapman) and Roland Allen.
Early years
Not long after turning 17, Augustus graduated from the Polytechnic Institute at Chittenango, New York, and started teaching mathematics there. In 1827, he changed careers and resigned his professorship. He then went to work as bookkeeper for the H. and H. Canfield Company, New York. After two years, he and his brother John bought an interest in the business. In the summer of 1832, the Allen brothers left Canfield to move to Texas, where they settled in San Augustine. By June 1833, the brothers had moved to Nacogdoches.
In Texas
The Allen brothers arrived first in Galveston, Texas, and then moved to the small town of Saint Augustine. In 1833, Allen and his brother associated with a group of entrepreneurs in Nacogdoches and started operating as land speculators.
During the Texas Revolution
Instead of joining the army when the Texas War of Independence started, Augustus and his brother engaged in the business of keeping supply channels open. At their own expense, they outfitted a ship, the Brutus, for the purpose of protecting the Texas coast and assisting troops and supplies from the United States to arrive safely in Texas.
Nevertheless, some members of the Texas provisional government objected to the Allen brothers' activities, and rumors indicated they were engaged in privateering. In January 1836, they sold the Brutus to the Texas Navy, and it became only the second ship in the fledgling naval force. Augustus and John Allen continued to raise money and operate as receivers and dispensers of supplies and funds for the war effort without charge. In spite of the brothers' services, gossip and censure were aimed at the Allens because they were not in the armed services.
After the Revolution
Financed by an inheritance received by Augustus' wife, Charlotte, on August 26, 1836, the Allen brothers purchased 6,600 acres (27 km2) along the Buffalo Bayou for $5,000, for the purpose of establishing a new city. At the suggestion of Charlotte, they named their townsite for the hero of the time, General Sam Houston.
In the years after his brother John's death in 1838, the Allen family grew apart and squabbled about the family's various businesses and finances, which had been somewhat commingled. These family disputes eventually led to Allen's separation from his wife in 1850.
Later life and legacy
Soon, Allen's health began to fail, and he decided to leave Houston, signing over to his wife, whom he had never divorced, most of what remained of his many enterprises. Augustus Allen relocated to Mexico to tend to his health and a new start in life.
In 1852, Augustus was appointed United States consul for the port of Tehuantepec on the Pacific Ocean, and in 1858 he was given the same position for the port of Minotitlán. These offices gave him control of the consular affairs of the United States for the entire Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a commercially important position.
Allen, in partnership with an Englishman named Welsh, developed an extensive private shipping business. He was never able to recover his health, however, and realized, in 1864, that he was critically ill. Augustus then closed his business and went to Washington, D.C., to resign his consulships. Soon after arriving there he contracted pneumonia, died on Monday, January 11, 1864, aged 58 in Washington, D.C., and was buried in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Several Houston landmarks, including Allen Parkway and Allen Center, as well as Allen's Landing Park, commemorate Augustus and his brother, the city's two founders.
New York Times (New York, NY), Fri., 15 Jan 1864, p. 5, c. 3
New York Herald (New York, NY), Fri., 15 Jan 1864, p. 8, c. 3
DIED - ALLEN - In Washington, D.C., on Monday, Jan. 11, Augustus C. Allen. His friends are invited to attend his funeral, which will take place from the Church of the Transfiguration, 29th st., this day (Friday) 15th inst., at 10 A.M.
References
External links
1806 births
1864 deaths
American city founders
History of Houston
People from Houston
People from Sullivan, New York
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus%20Chapman%20Allen |
Louis Robert Eliot (born 11 April 1968) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist, formerly of Kinky Machine and Rialto.
Biography
Eliot formed Rialto in 1995 with former Kinky Machine bandmate Johnny Bull. The band achieved UK chart success with two UK top 40 hits ("Monday Morning 5.19" and "Dream Another Dream") and a UK Top 20 ("Untouchable") in the late Nineties. They found particular success in Asia where their debut album achieved double platinum status in South Korea. Rialto made numerous UK television appearances including Top of the Pops and TFI Friday. Due to changing label personnel, the band were signed and dropped twice by Warner Records, causing delays to the release of both albums "Rialto" and "Night On Earth".
In 2002, Eliot released his first solo EP, "Everybody Loves You When You're Dead". A chance meeting with ex-Roxy Music member and Smiths producer John Porter led to recording sessions in Los Angeles. These became the basis for Eliot's first critically acclaimed solo album, The Long Way Round, released in 2004 (Sunday Times' Album of the Week). In 2010 he released Kittows Moor under the name Louis Eliot and The Embers which was described as "A winning blend of rustic charm and urban cool… a savvy pop brain with the lyrical articulacy of a Costello or a Weller." by Uncut, and "an album that boasts ultra-friendly, individually shaped songs, guaranteed to warm both hearts and feet" by Mojo. As a solo artist, he has toured with Sinéad O'Connor, Thea Gilmore, Lloyd Cole, Robyn Hitchcock and The Proclaimers. As a session musician Eliot has backed Skye Edwards from Morcheeba, Evan Dando of The Lemonheads and Danny Goffey from Supergrass. Since 2011, Eliot has toured extensively as a full time member of Grace Jones's band.
As a songwriter Eliot's credits include Eg White's solo album, "Adventure Man" ("Weird Friendless Kid" was also recorded by Emiliana Torrini), Tommy Mclain ("London Too"), Lily Allen ("Shelter You") and Liz Cass ("Confessional"). Eliot has featured in advertising campaigns for Burberry with Kate Moss, Dunhill, Toast and Balanciaga with Charlotte Gainsbourg. In 2013 he appeared in Katy England's short film "Made in England". His music has been used in TV commercials for The Guardian and UPS.
Personal life
As a child, Eliot was taught guitar by Hawkwind guitarist Huw Lloyd-Langton. He attended Chelsea School of Art and studied Graphic Design at Sir John Cass in London. As a director of Port Eliot Festival - (which ran from 2003 to 2019) - Eliot's role included creative direction and bookings. He was instrumental in developing the programming and transforming a small literary festival into a popular arts event, that attracted 8,000 people and included music, fashion, film, comedy and gastronomy.
As co-founder of "Kernow in the City", Eliot showcased Cornish talent at live events in London.
Eliot lives in London and performs with Grace Jones and former Supergrass drummer Danny Goffey on his solo venture. He is a first cousin of Oscar-winning composer Atticus Ross (also of band Nine Inch Nails), producer Leopold Ross and model Liberty Ross.
Discography
Everybody Loves You When You're Dead (2002)
The Long Way Round (2004)
Kittow's Moor (2010) (Fullfill)
Sources
External links
Official homepage
Living people
1968 births
English male singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
Younger sons of earls
Louis Eliot
Britpop musicians
Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Eliot |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1972.
Aerodromes (Designation)(Facilities for Consultation) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/107
International Hydrographic Organisation (Immunities and Privileges) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/119
International Tin Council (Immunities and Privileges) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/120
County Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1972 S.I. 1972/334
Cornish Hush Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/348
Beckermet Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/396
Burtree Pasture Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/483
Prosecution of Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/538 (N.I. 1)
Savings Certificates Regulations S.I. 1972/1972 S.I. 1972/614
Hovercraft (General) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/674
Explosives (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/730 (N.I. 3)
National Savings Bank Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/764
Premium Savings Banks Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/765
Mid Southern Water Order 1972 S.I. 1972/878
Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/917
Merchant Shipping (Crew Agreements, Lists of Crew and Discharge of Seamen) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/918
Merchant Shipping (Crew Arrangements, Lists of Crew and Discharge of Seamen) (Fishing Vessels) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/919
The Greater London (Electoral Areas) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/924
Acquisition of Land (Rate of Interest after Entry)Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/949
Employer's Liability (Defective Equipment and Compulsory Insurance) (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/963 (N.I. 6)
Exported Animals (Compensation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/964 (N.I. 7)
Superannuation (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1073 (N.I. 10)
Finance (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1100 (N.I. 11)
Acquisition of Land (Rate of Interest after Entry) (No 2) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1126
Value Added Tax (General) ORegulation 1972 S.I. 1972/1147
Input Tax (Exceptions) (no 1) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1165
Input Tax (Exceptions) (no 2) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1166
Input Tax (Exceptions) (no 3) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1167
Value Added Tax (treatment of Transactions no 1) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1170
Haile Moor Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1235
Carrock Fell Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1236
Electoral Law (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1264 (N.I. 13)
Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1265 (N.I. 14)
Heathrow Airport-London Noise Insulation Grants Scheme 1972 S.I. 1972/1291
Merchant Shipping (Seamen's Documents) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1295
Pensions Increase (Annual Review) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1298
Prince of Wales Mine (Storage Battery Locomotives) Special Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1393
Austria (Extradition) (Extension) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1581
European Communities (Enforcement of Judgements) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1590
Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1634 (N.I. 17)
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1642
Immigration (Ports of Entry) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1668
Criminal Appeal (References to European Court) Rules 1972 S.I. 1972/1786
Merchant Shipping (Load Lines) (Particulars of Depth of Loading) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1841
Merchant Shipping (Provisions and Water) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1871
Merchant Shipping (Provisions and Water) (Fishing Vessels) Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1872
Teachers (Colleges of Education) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1972 S.I. 1972/1891
Local Government (Postponement of Elections and Reorganisation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1998 (N.I. 21)
Local Government &c. (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/1999 (N.I. 22)
English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972 S.I. 1972/2039
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201972 |
The 4F27E is an electronically controlled 4-speed automatic transaxle transmission developed by Mazda and Ford.
Mazda's name for this transmission is FN4A-EL, Ford's name for this transmission is 4F27E.
Mazda's FS5A-EL (Ford FNR5) is the 5-speed successor to this transmission which shares many of the same parts.
The 4F27E is a strengthened 4-speed F-4EAT automatic and only some of the internals were updated. It now has a four-element torque converter that includes a torque converter clutch and geartrain with two planetary gearsets, a transfer-shaft gear final drive, and a larger differential. The hydraulic control system of the 4F27E has six electronically controlled solenoids for shift feel (through line pressure control), shift scheduling (through shift valve position control) and TCC (torque converter clutch) apply, controlled by pulse-width modulation (PWM).
On Mazda vehicles, this transmission uses Mazda M5 fluid (Mazda part number: 0000-77-112E-01), which is NOT Mercon V or Mercon LV according to Mazda Technical Service Bulletin 0500116. This fluid is made by Idemitsu Kosan (according to the label on the back of the Mazda bottle). Idemitsu sells the equivalent Type-M fluid in the aftermarket.
The equivalent Ford fluid is FNR5 (Ford part number: XT-9-QMM5).
Moreover, Mazda vehicles have "M V" written on the dipstick handle.
On the other hand, Ford cars used Mercon V (Ford part number: XT-5-QMC) until 2007 MY. After 2007 Ford made some hardware and calibration modifications so that from 2008 MY it is required to use Mercon LV oil (Ford part number: XT-10-QLVC). Later Ford authorized back servicing transmissions from 2000 to 2007 with Mercon LV.
Differences between Ford Mercon ATF and Mazda type M5 ATF:
Mazda type M5 ATF is not the same fluid as Ford Mercon V or Ford Mercon LV.
Mazda type M5 ATF has a greater viscosity than Ford Mercon V and Ford Mercon LV in low temperatures.
Mazda type M5 ATF has a greater anti-judder specification than Ford Mercon V and Ford Mercon LV.
Consequently, carefully refer to the service manual for correct transmission maintenance as Ford and Mazda made their own calibration modification on the transmission so mixing different oils or servicing transmission with the wrong fluid will result in premature wear and transmission damage.
Mazda includes a drain plug, while Ford does not. For the Ford vehicles without the drain plug, a Mazda transmission pan can be installed on a Ford 4F27E, and it will fit perfectly. Aftermarket transmission pans are also available.
Transmission dry fill capacity: 6.7 Liters / 7 Quarts.
Gear ratios:
Transmission name description:
Applications:
Ford Fiesta MK6 (2009-2012) 1.4L & 1.5L Duratec engine (Ti-VCT)
Ford EcoSport with 2.0L Duratec engine
Ford Focus 2000–2011
Ford Transit Connect with 2.0L Duratec engine 2010–2013
Mazda2
Mazda3
Mazda5
Mazda6
Mazda CX-7
Mazda Verisa
References
See also
List of Ford transmissions
List of Mazda transmissions
4F27E | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%204F27E%20transmission |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1974.
National Health Service (Venereal Diseases) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/29
Judicial Pensions (Widow's and Children's Benefits) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/44
National Health Service (General Medical and Pharmaceutical Services) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/160
Judicial Pensions (Widows' and Children's Benefits) (No. 2) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/229
The Offshore Installation (Construction and Survey) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/289 and the associated guidance notes – Offshore Installations: Guidance on the Design, Construction and Certification - replaced by SI 1996/913
Gloucestershire (Coroners' Districts) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/368
National Health Service (Service Committees and Tribunal) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/455
National Health Service (General Dental Services) (Scotland) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/505
National Health Service (General Medical and Pharmaceutical Services) (Scotland) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/506
Local Government Superannuation Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/520
Great Ouse River Authority (Alteration of Boundaries of the Littleport and Downham Internal Drainage District) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/534
Crown Roads (Royal Parks) (Application of Road Traffic Enactments) ... S.I. 1974/797
The Local Government (Successor Parishes) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/569
The Local Authorities (Miscellaneous Provision) (No. 2) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/595
The London Borough of Bexley (Wards) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/694
The Local Authorities (Miscellaneous Provision) (No. 3) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/968
The Charlwood and Horley (Electoral Divisions and Wards) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/772
Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (Transitional Modifications to Part I) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1083
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1154
Pensions (Increase) (Northern Ireland) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1267 (N.I. 2)
Social Security (Consequences of Emergency) (Northern Ireland) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1268 (N.I. 3)
The Charlwood and Horley (Electoral Divisions and Wards) (Amendment) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1353
Pensions Increase (Annual Review) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1373
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Commencement No. 1) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1439
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 2) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/1495
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/1533
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/1673
Merchant Shipping (Seamen's Documents) (Amendment) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/1734
Radioactive Substances (Carriage by Road) (Great Britain) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/1735
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/1796
National Health Service (Charges for Appliances) (Scotland) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/1910
Merchant Shipping (Radio) (Fishing Vessels) Rules 1974 S.I. 1974/1919
Mines and Quarries Act 1954 to 1971 (Repeals and Modifications) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/2013
Agriculture (Tractor Cabs) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/2034
Home-Grown Cereals Authority Levy Scheme (Approval) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/2083
Financial Provisions (Northern Ireland) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/2141 (N.I. 4)
Youth Employment Service (Northern Ireland) Order 1974 S.I. 1974/2144 (N.I. 7)
Clean Air Enactments (Repeals and Modifications) Regulations 1974 S.I. 1974/2170
References
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201974 |
The University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine was established in 1967 and renamed the Cumming School of Medicine in 2014. It is one of two medical schools in Alberta and one of 17 in Canada. The Faculty and medical school is linked to the hospitals in Alberta Health Services such as Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital, Rockyview General Hospital and Chinook Regional Hospital. Trainees in faculty of medicine include 486 medical students (UME), 767 residents (PGME), 190 post doctoral fellows (PDF) and 491 graduate students. It is one of two 3 year medical schools, along with McMaster University Medical School, in Canada. In addition, the University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine offers an undergraduate Bachelor of Health Sciences degree and a Bachelor of Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies degree.
Program offerings
Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Leaders in Medicine (Joint MD/Graduate Degree Program)
Bachelor of Health Sciences (BHSc)
Bachelor of Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies (BCR)
Neurological Sciences and Mental Health
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences
Pathology
Immunology
Community Health Sciences
Gastrointestinal Sciences
Medical Sciences Graduate Division of Education
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Doctor of Medicine program
The Doctor of Medicine program was founded in 1970. It is one of two fully accredited medical schools in Canada that offers a three-year Doctor of Medicine program. The program is structured so that the pre-clerkship curriculum is taught year-round, without an extended summer break (as is common in 4-year MD programs). This structure allows the pre-clerkship portion of undergraduate medical education to be shortened in length, without limiting the breadth of medical knowledge required for students to be competent before entering the clerkship phase of the curriculum.
Menagerie
The medical school has a history of having the second-year medical students give an animal name to the first-year students, effectively welcoming them into the UofC Menagerie. An incomplete list of classes includes:
1973: Guinea Pigs
1975: Turkeys
1976: Beavers
1977: Toads
1978: Minks
1981: Lampreys
1984: Emus
1985: Wombats
1987: Slugs
1988: Poodles
1989: Flamingos
1990: Pandas
1992: Dikdiks
1996: Sifakas
2000: Dugongs
2001: Bonobos
2002: Pangolins
2003: Geoducks
2004: Taphozous
2005: Candirus
2009: Macaques
2010: Glabers
2011: Kākāpōs
2012: Blobfish
2013: Aye-ayes
2014: Hellbenders
2015: Cows
2016: Narwhals
2017: Humuhumunukunukuapua'a (briefly Roosters)
2018: Goats
2019: Dholes
2020: Boops boops
2021: Limpkins
2022: Tanukis
2023: Echidnas
2024: Bilbies
2025: Spiny Lumpsuckers
2026: Lunkarya
Institutes
Thematic institutes were formed between Faculty of Medicine and the Calgary Health Region that support and fulfill the vision and mission of these two entities. Philosophically, institutes encompass activities in all three areas of education, research and care delivery.
Currently there are seven Institutes identified as follows:
McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health
Hotchkiss Brain Institute
Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation
Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health (ACHRI)
Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta
Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute
O'Brien Institute for Public Health
Faculty of Medicine departments
Anaesthesia
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Cardiac Sciences
Cell Biology and Anatomy
Clinical Neurosciences
Community Health Sciences
Critical Care Medicine
Family Medicine
Medicine
Medical Genetics
Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Oncology
Paediatrics
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Physiology and Pharmacology
Psychiatry
Radiology
Surgery
Location
The faculty is located on the Foothills Campus of the University of Calgary in the Health Sciences Centre. This facility is annexed to Foothills Medical Centre.
References
Graduate Studies
Faculty of Medicine
Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta
Medicine
Calgary
Universities and colleges established in 1967
1967 establishments in Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumming%20School%20of%20Medicine |
MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyTV, MyNet, MNT or MNTV, and sometimes referred to as My Network) is an American commercial broadcast television syndication service and former television network owned by Fox Corporation, operated by its Fox Television Stations division, and distributed through the syndication structure of Fox First Run. MyNetworkTV began its operations on September 5, 2006, with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country, most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks, The CW. Under the ownership structure of Fox Corporation, the service is incorporated as a subsidiary company known as MyNetworkTV, Inc.
On September 28, 2009, following disappointment with the network's results, MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service, similar to Ion Television and The CW Plus, relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series.
Fox Corporation retained MyNetworkTV after the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company was completed on March 20, 2019.
Origins
MyNetworkTV arose from the January 2006 announcement of the launch of The CW, a television network formed by CBS Corporation and Time Warner which essentially combined programming from The WB and UPN onto the scheduling model of the former of the two predecessors. As a result of several deals earlier in the decade, Fox Television Stations owned several UPN affiliates, including the network's three largest stations: WWOR-TV in Secaucus, New Jersey (part of the New York City market), KCOP-TV in Los Angeles and WPWR-TV in Chicago. Fox had acquired WWOR and KCOP after purchasing most of the television holdings of UPN's founding partner Chris-Craft Industries, while WPWR was purchased by the company in 2003 from Newsweb Corporation. Despite concerns about UPN's future that came up after Fox purchased the Chris-Craft stations, UPN signed three-year affiliation renewals with the network's Fox-owned affiliates in 2003. That agreement's pending expiration, along with those involving other broadcasting companies, in 2006 as well as persistent financial losses for both it and The WB gave CBS Corporation (the parent company of UPN) and Time Warner (parent of The WB) the rare opportunity to merge their respective struggling networks into The CW.
The CW's initial affiliation agreements did not include any of the UPN stations (nor a lone independent station) owned by Fox Television Stations. In fact, as part of a ten-year affiliation deal with The WB's part-owner, Tribune Broadcasting, the coveted New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago affiliations all went to Tribune-owned stations (WPIX, KTLA and WGN-TV, respectively). In response to the announcement, Fox promptly removed all network references from logos and promotional materials on its UPN affiliates and ceased on-air promotion of UPN's programs altogether. However, in all three cases (especially in the cases of Los Angeles and Chicago), the WB affiliate was the higher-rated station; CW executives were on record as preferring the "strongest" WB and UPN affiliates.
Media reports speculated that the Fox-owned UPN affiliates would all revert to being independent stations, or else form another network by uniting with other UPN and WB affiliated stations that were left out of The CW's affiliation deals. Fox chose the latter route and announced the launch of MyNetworkTV on February 22, 2006, less than a month after CBS and Time Warner announced the formation of The CW on January 24. It was reported by The Guardian that Fox would utilize MySpace, the social networking website; its parent company, News Corporation, had acquired in 2005, to help promote MyNetworkTV. Fox would also utilize MySpace's content-sharing model when it launched MyNetworkTV's website. There were also rumors that MyNetworkTV's branding was inspired by that of MySpace's.
Programming
MyNetworkTV began operations on Tuesday, September 5, 2006, with the premieres of its two initial series. Some affiliates unofficially began branding their stations well beforehand in July into August to allow viewers to grow accustomed to their new brandings, though most fulfilled their existing WB and UPN network commitments and did not start branding in earnest until September 1 (the Friday before), when the majority of those affiliate agreements expired. The network provided a block of preview programming that aired the day before on September 4, though it did not launch officially that day due to the low audience figures traditionally associated with the Labor Day holiday.
Initially, programming aired Monday through Saturdays from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time). As of April 2013, MyNetworkTV broadcasts ten hours of primetime programming each week, airing on Monday through Friday evenings from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific. MyNetworkTV does not air programming on weekends, the only broadcast service not to in the United States.
Heavy local sports preemptions were previously a problem for MyNetworkTV at its launch, as they were for all of the U.S. broadcast networks that have debuted since the January 1995 launches of The WB and UPN. However, these have become less of an issue with the end of the network's telenovela strategy, where an airing of the pre-empted telenovela episode rescheduled as soon as possible on the same day as required by default rather than the flexibility that affiliates of UPN, The WB or The CW had to push a show off to a weekend slot. With the service's switch to an all-rerun schedule in 2009, this effectively allows stations to pre-empt repeat programming at will to fit in sporting events (mainly those provided by syndication services such as ESPN Regional Television and the ACC Network, as some local events that had aired on its affiliates have moved to regional sports networks in the time since MyNetworkTV launched) without much consequence. During the telenovela era, affiliates often scheduled contractual "make goods" of the network's daily schedule between 3:00 and 6:00 a.m. local time. Not only are these light viewing hours, but they air after Nielsen processes its preliminary morning network ratings.
Telenovelas
The network's original format focused on the 18-to-49-year-old, English-speaking population with programming consisting exclusively of telenovelas (a version of the soap opera format rarely attempted on American television outside of Spanish language broadcast networks, much less in primetime), starting with Desire and Fashion House. Originally, each series aired Monday through Friday in continuous cycles of 13-week seasons, with a one-hour recap of the week's episodes airing on Saturdays; when one series ended, another unrelated series would begin the following week. The fifth and sixth series, American Heiress and Saints and Sinners, appeared one hour per week on Wednesdays before abruptly vanishing from the schedule. The MyNetworkTV serial lineup was broadcast in Australia on the W. Channel under the block name FOXTELENOVELA. In Canada, the first Desire/Fashion House cycle aired weekday afternoons on Toronto independent station CKXT-TV, which decided not to air subsequent cycles for unknown reasons.
Proposed programming
The announcement of the network also stated that additional unscripted reality-based and current-affairs programming were in development. These included:
Catwalk, a series similar to America's Next Top Model
On Scene, a crime-based news magazine produced by Fox News
An American version of the quiz show Britain's Brainiest
An American version of the ITV series Love Island, which would later be picked up by CBS
MyNetworkTV abandoned the development of these programs in mid-2006, choosing to focus solely on telenovelas.
Later announcements by Fox regarding additional programming to air on MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated stations – such as Desperate Housewives repeats in traditional weekend syndication, a trial run of the sitcom Tyler Perry's House of Payne (which later moved to TBS), and the daytime viewer-participation game show My GamesFever – never applied to the network as a whole.
Other programming
To satisfy E/I requirements, some affiliates carry the Litton Go Time block while others carry Xploration Station.
Revamping the schedule
In response to the telenovela lineup's poor ratings performance, highlighted by an average household rating of 0.7%, reports surfaced that Fox executives were planning a major revamp of MyNetworkTV's programming, decreasing its reliance on telenovelas and adding new unscripted programs to the schedule such as reality shows, game shows (such as My GamesFever), movies and sports, and a possible revisit to a deal with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. However, MyNetworkTV instead signed a deal with another mixed martial arts organization, the International Fight League, in conjunction with Fox Sports Net.
On February 1, 2007, Greg Meidel, who was named to the newly created position of network president just ten days earlier, confirmed the rumors and unveiled a dramatically revamped lineup. The intent of the shakeup was to increase viewer awareness of the network (and boost viewership, in turn), as well as to satisfy local affiliates who were disappointed over the poor ratings performance of the network under its initial format. After March 7 (when Wicked Wicked Games and Watch Over Me finished their runs), telenovelas were reduced to occupying only two nights of its programming schedule, airing in two-hour movie-style blocks rather than each of the serials airing in a one-hour, five-night-a-week format. The remainder of the schedule included theatrical movies and the new IFL Battleground (originally titled Total Impact). In addition, the Saturday night telenovela recaps ended immediately, with movies running on that night until March. The 1986 film Something Wild aired on February 3, becoming the network's first non-telenovela presentation.
Specials (ranging from the World Music Awards to the Hawaiian Tropic International Beauty Pageant) and reality programming were also a part of the network's reformatting, with the first two specials airing on March 7. MyNetworkTV also reduced its telenovela programming to a single night each week, with American Heiress and Saints & Sinners airing for one hour each on Wednesdays until their unexpected termination, due to incompatible flow with IFC Battleground from Monday to Tuesday as far as promotions. The new Thursday night movie block featured mostly action/adventure films, with Friday night featuring a mix of contemporary classic films, beginning on June 5.
A side effect of the new programming schedule was the loss of the network's claim that it was the only U.S. broadcast network at the time to have its entire programming schedule available in high definition, due to the IFL, some of the network's movies and additional programs being produced exclusively in 480i standard definition. In the fall of 2007, MyNetworkTV dropped telenovelas altogether, and began to air reality series and sports programs.
On September 1, 2007, the network aired its first live program, the men's final of the AVP Croc Tour's Cincinnati Open. The network debuted its first sitcom, the Flavor Flav vehicle Under One Roof, on April 16, 2008; because the series used Canadian writers, it was unaffected by the 2007–08 Writers Guild strike.
On February 26, 2008, the network announced it had picked up the rights to air WWE SmackDown, which left The CW at the end of September 2008. The first SmackDown episode on MyNetworkTV aired on October 3, 2008. The first episode of WWE SmackDown pulled in the largest audience in MyNetworkTV history with 3.2 million viewers, and for the first time, put the network in fifth place for the night – ahead of The CW – and was the top-rated program that night in the male 18-34 and 18-49 demographics.
Viewership
Original format
MyNetworkTV's debut was far from successful. Desire scored a 1.1 household rating/2 share; Fashion House went up to 1.3/2. Fox had sold about half of its projections of $50 million in advance commercial sales. On March 7, 2007, MyNetworkTV began to be included in Nielsen's daily "Television Index" reports, alongside the other major broadcast networks, although it was still not part of the "fast nationals" that incorporate the other networks. Last-minute changes to MyNetworkTV's 2007-08 fall schedule included the retitling of the reality series Divorce Wars to Decision House, and the addition of Celebrity Exposé and Control Room Presents to the network's Monday lineup as well as a one-hour IFL Battleground, followed by NFL Total Access on Saturdays.
The network's shift from telenovelas to reality shows and movies produced only a small bump in the ratings. It averaged only a .7 household rating during September 2007. MyNetworkTV continues to be the second lowest-rated English-language broadcast network in the United States, ahead of only Ion Television. The night MyNetworkTV debuted WWE SmackDown, the network took fifth place in household ratings ahead of The CW, but went back to sixth place shortly afterward. Of the six broadcast networks, Nielsen Media Research said that only MyNetworkTV had increased viewership, with 1.76 million viewers per night, up 750,000 from the previous season.
On January 5, 2009, MyNetworkTV aired episodes of the 2002 revival of The Twilight Zone (which originally aired on UPN, one of the networks MyNetworkTV had replaced). The series helped the network's ratings rise, along with WWE SmackDown, becoming the second highest-rated program on the network. The highest-rated program to have ever aired on MyNetworkTV is a December 10, 2008 broadcast of the 1990 comedy film Home Alone, which brought in 3.70 million viewers (although not a record), but earned a 1.4 rating among the 18-49 adult demographic.
Current format
On February 9, 2009, Fox Entertainment Group announced that MyNetworkTV would convert from a television network to a programming service, similar to that of Ion Television, with a focus on repeats of acquired programs originally aired on broadcast and cable networks and in first-run syndication. Litton Entertainment had reportedly expressed interest in leasing MyNetworkTV's Saturday evening time slots, which MyNetworkTV chose to instead turn back over to its affiliates. MyNetworkTV began airing more syndicated programming in the fall, which included game shows and dramas, five nights a week. This required the network's affiliates to re-negotiate a new affiliate agreement with the new corporation within Fox operating MyNetworkTV, Master Distribution Service, Inc., though it also gave a full and unencumbered "out" to stations which chose to end their association with MyNetworkTV under this guise, which Ion Television did with their three affiliates.
On April 12, 2010, WWE announced that WWE SmackDown would move to the Syfy cable channel that October; the move left MyNetworkTV with no first-run programming other than that it shared with its syndicators. Despite the lack of first-run programming, MyNetworkTV renewed its affiliation contracts for three more years on February 14, 2011. The programming service has seen significant viewership growth since its 2006 startup as a television network. Although ratings on MyNetworkTV do not match those of the other broadcast networks, Nexstar CEO Perry Sook noted his approval of its business model at the time, saying that Nexstar's MyNetworkTV stations get 'more (local ad) inventory per hour' than they would be associated with a traditional network such as Fox or ABC. Nexstar has since become the owner of, and the largest affiliate base for, The CW, through several acquisitions and since converted three MyNetworkTV affiliations into CW affiliations including WPHL-TV which was the largest MyNetworkTV affiliate by market size that is not owned and operated by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of Fox Corporation, which owns the programming service.
In announcing its fall schedule for the 2012-13 schedule, MyNetworkTV executives revealed that the programming service increased ratings over the previous year, and rated as the #6 most-watched network during the 2011–12 season with around 2.5 million viewers.
Affiliates
MyNetworkTV has 186 owned-and-operated or affiliate stations in the United States, reaching 84.39% of all U.S. households with at least one television set (totaling approximately 263,699,742 homes). This number includes six stations owned at the time of its launch by companies involved in the founding of competitor The CW: three were owned by Tribune Broadcasting, and three owned by CBS Corporation.
On March 6, 2006, the Sinclair Broadcast Group announced an agreement to affiliate 17 of its stations with MyNetworkTV (consisting mostly of stations that were set to lose their WB affiliations when The CW launched, as well as a few that were affiliated with UPN or operated as independent stations). This occurred despite the widespread presumption that affiliations with The CW, which at that point was in the process of signing affiliates in most markets, would be more valuable; however, Sinclair implied that MyNetworkTV was more financially attractive for the company (of the Sinclair stations that initially affiliated with MyNetworkTV, San Antonio affiliate KMYS has since disaffiliated from the service; its August 30, 2010 affiliation swap with Fredericksburg-based CW affiliate KCWX was the first and so far only known affiliation switch between same-market affiliates of the two outlets since their formation in 2006). One day later on March 7, Raycom Media announced that its WB and UPN stations (including WUAB/Cleveland, Ohio, KFVE/Honolulu, Hawaii and WBXH-CA/Baton Rouge, Louisiana) would also become charter affiliates of MyNetworkTV.
One of the stations named in a list of newly signed MyNetworkTV affiliates that Fox Entertainment Group released on April 26, 2006, was KNVA in Austin, Texas, which The CW had also added to its own list of confirmed affiliates one week prior. On May 1, 2006, another previously confirmed CW affiliate, KWKB in Iowa City, Iowa, signed on as a MyNetworkTV charter affiliate. Until October 2009, these two stations were the only ones to be aligned with both new networks (KNVA has since become an exclusive CW affiliate as parent station KXAN-TV converted its semi-satellite KBVO into a standalone MyNetworkTV affiliate); KNVA branded its MyNetworkTV lineup under the banner "MyNetworkTV on The CW Austin," while KWKB's website features station logos labeled as both "KWKB The CW" and "My KWKB". In May, WAWB in Huntsville, Alabama officially announced that it would become a MyNetworkTV affiliate, and subsequently changed its call letters to WAMY.
On July 12, 2006, the network announced affiliation agreements with seven additional stations (including WBFS-TV/Miami, KTVD/Denver, WUPL/New Orleans and WAWS/Jacksonville, Florida (WAWS, along with WSYX/Columbus, Ohio and WHP-TV/Harrisburg, Pennsylvania carry MyNetworkTV on digital subchannels). The deal with CBS Television Stations to have MyNetworkTV affiliate with stations that were left out of The CW's affiliation deals with the group came as a surprise in the broadcasting industry, especially after the icy reception between CBS and News Corporation (which became 21st Century Fox through the July 2013 spin-off of the company's publishing unit and Australian television properties) that began after both it and The CW came into the picture, as they refused to allow WBFS, WUPL and Boston's WSBK-TV to affiliate with MyNetworkTV as a response to pulling UPN branding from that network's Fox-owned stations.
In August 2006, MyNetworkTV filled in its remaining gaps within the top 100 television markets. On August 11, the network announced affiliations with WNAC-TV in Providence, Rhode Island (as a secondary affiliate) and WNGT-LP in Toledo, Ohio. Additionally, on August 22, MyNetworkTV added KAUT-TV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and WRGT-TV in Dayton, Ohio (the latter of which would carry the network on a digital subchannel) to the affiliate list on its website; also that month, WZMY in Derry, New Hampshire was announced as the network's Boston area affiliate (WBIN – the former WZMY – disaffiliated with MyNetworkTV in September 2011, at which time WSBK (which had shunned MyNetworkTV at its formation in 2006) took over the MyNetworkTV affiliation in Boston; KAUT became an independent station in September 2012, with MyNetworkTV moving to former independent KSBI).
From its inception as a network until July 2010, Mobile, Alabama was the largest city where MyNetworkTV did not have an affiliate, although Fort Walton Beach, Florida-based WFGX serves as the affiliate for the Mobile–Pensacola–Fort Walton Beach market. This was due to WFGX's weak analog signal, which was not receivable west of Pensacola, and the lack of a must-carry agreement with Comcast's Mobile system, most likely a remnant of the station's former status as a low-rated Jewelry Television affiliate prior to MyNetworkTV's launch); WFGX has since relocated its digital transmitter to Robertsdale, Alabama (where the Mobile-Pensacola market's other television stations maintain transmitters), providing an over-the-air MyNetworkTV affiliate in the Mobile area proper for the first time. On September 28, 2009, three stations owned by Ion Media Networks (WPXX-TV in Memphis, Tennessee and WEPX-TV, along with satellite station WPXU-TV, in the Greenville-New Bern-Washington, North Carolina market), due to an affiliation agreement made by their previous owners, dropped their MyNetworkTV affiliations to become full-time Ion Television owned-and-operated stations as they had been prior to September 2006 (the affiliation in the Greenville-New Bern market was taken over by NBC affiliate WITN-TV, which carries the network on a digital subchannel).
Memphis CW affiliate WLMT – which picked up MyNetworkTV for the sole purpose of carrying SmackDown, and due to the conversion into a programming service – elected to not carry the remainder of the network's schedule; eventually, after SmackDown moved to Syfy, WLMT began carrying the remainder of the MyNetworkTV lineup as a secondary affiliation (to the Retro Television Network) on its second digital subchannel.
Also in September 2009, Des Moines, Iowa affiliate KDMI disaffiliated from MyNetworkTV, replacing it with programming from the station's existing This TV affiliation. CW affiliate KCWI-TV picked up the local rights to SmackDown, and for nearly a year afterward, aired it in a manner very similar to its scheduling on WLMT. Until October 3, 2011, when KDMI rejoined the service, Des Moines was the largest television market without a MyNetworkTV affiliate – either over-the-air or on cable (CBS affiliate KCCI took over the MyNetworkTV affiliation from KDMI in December 2014, carrying it as a primary affiliation on its third digital subchannel). On September 19, 2011, Cedar Rapids, Iowa affiliate KWKB dropped the service, while retaining its existing CW affiliation; ABC affiliate KCRG-TV later picked up MyNetworkTV for its second digital subchannel.
On February 10, 2014, St. Louis affiliate WRBU disaffiliated from MyNetworkTV, and converted into an Ion Television O&O, as a result of its sale to Ion Media Networks (now E.W. Scripps Company) through Roberts Broadcasting's gradual sale of its television stations in order to raise money to pay off creditors in its Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings; this resulted in St. Louis temporarily displacing Spokane, Washington as the largest market without a MyNetworkTV affiliate until November 17, 2014, when CBS affiliate KMOV began carrying it on a digital subchannel.
Due to the availability of "instant duopoly" digital subchannels that are likely easily available on cable and satellite, and the overall lack of a need to settle for a secondary affiliation with shows aired in problematic time slots, both The CW and MyNetworkTV launched with far greater national coverage than that enjoyed by UPN and The WB when those networks started in January 1995. For several years, UPN had affiliation gaps in several of the top 30 markets, and by 2005 managed to reach only 86% of the population. This resulted in that network having to settle for secondary affiliations with stations that were already affiliated with other networks. In those markets, programs (such as Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Enterprise) were either shown out of their intended timeslots or not at all, leading to many viewer complaints. There are a handful of smaller markets, however, where MyNetworkTV holds a secondary affiliation – even on digital subchannels – because those markets are home to only a very small number of stations, and want to place more emphasis on programming from ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox – which may have previously lacked affiliations in those markets – on those subchannels.
Nevertheless, because MyNetworkTV was announced after the formation of The CW and therefore got most of the "leftover" stations shut out by The CW, there are still availability issues in some markets. Also, the network is mostly relegated to low-powered stations in some smaller markets, which do not have must-carry status. The arrival of WWE SmackDown to the network has made this issue the most visible, as wrestling fans complained about the lack of availability for MyNetworkTV in several markets that have CW affiliations. This was most evident in Lexington, Kentucky, where local SmackDown viewers actually protested that they could not watch the program because low-powered MyNetworkTV/Retro Television Network affiliate WBLU-LP lacked carriage on cable providers in the market, and as an Equity Media Holdings station with no local presence outside of engineering staff, had no communication with the station to speak of. That was solved shortly afterward when ABC affiliate WTVQ agreed to move its weather forecast service to digital subchannel 36.3 and convert the 36.2 subchannel into a MyNetworkTV affiliate, stripping WBLU of its affiliation in the process.
On September 19, 2022, WSBK-TV in Boston, Massachusetts and WBFS-TV in Miami, Florida both dropped MyNetworkTV and returned as full-time independent stations, leaving Boston and Miami as the largest markets without a MyNetworkTV affiliate.
Branding
In the months leading up to MyNetworkTV's launch, several of its charter stations changed their on-air identities in preparation for joining the network, including all of the network's owned-and-operated stations under sister company Fox Television Stations. Affiliates also began to air network promotions featuring the theme, "Entertainment you can call your own." At first, many Fox-owned charter stations branded their soon-to-be MyNetworkTV O&Os with the "My" moniker (for example, WWOR-TV was branded as "My 9"). However, by the third week of October 2006, at least one station, Los Angeles O&O KCOP-TV, went to a two-column brand – verbally identifying as "MyNetworkTV Channel 13," and using a logo combining that used by the network (on the left side) and the station's channel number, 13 (on the right); KCOP switched to the simpler "My 13" branding in May 2007.
While "My [channel #]" is the conventional branding style for MyNetworkTV's stations, some stations use the network's logo style with different names, such as WSTR-TV (which formerly branded as "My 64", but revived its former brand "Star 64" in 2009). Especially after its shift in business model, some affiliates began to drop the "My" branding and logo in favor of local brands, such as KZJO (which re-branded from "myQ²", in reference to its sister station KCPQ "Q13 Fox", to "JoeTV", following similar moves by Tribune Media-owned The CW stations to adopt local brands), WTTA (which switched its branding from "My TV Tampa Bay" to "Great 38" in September 2013), WPMY (which switched from "My Pittsburgh TV" to "22 the Point" in August 2015 and even changed their call sign to WPNT to fit the new branding), former affiliate KAUT-TV (initially "OK43", but later "Freedom 43" as part of its efforts to appeal to Oklahoma's military community), and various Nexstar Media Group-owned affiliates (which use similar brands derived from their call letters and channel numbers, such as KARZ-TV "Z42").
In 2017, Fox began to re-brand some of its MyNetworkTV O&Os to closer associate them with their parent Fox stations, such as WDCA, which became "Fox 5 Plus". Meredith emulated this approach on KPDX and WNEM-DT2, which similarly re-branded as "Fox 12 Plus" and "WNEM-TV 5 Plus". Fox's KCOP rebranded from "My 13" to "KCOP 13" after moving MyNetworkTV to an overnight schedule in 2021, but eventually adopted the "Fox 11 Plus" branding in 2023.
At the time plans for MyNetworkTV were announced, there was at least one station that was using a similar moniker. WZMY-TV in Derry, New Hampshire filed a trademark for the "MyTV" name on July 6, 2005, and for a short time there was speculation that the station would file a lawsuit against Fox for the use of "MyTV". The concerns were rendered moot in July 2006, when WZMY announced that it would be Boston's affiliate for the new network.
See also
2006 United States broadcast TV realignment
The CW
References
External links
Television networks in the United States
Fox Corporation subsidiaries
Television channels and stations established in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyNetworkTV |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1975.
Merchant Shipping (Diving Operations) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/116
The Official Secrets (Prohibited Places) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/182.
National Health Service Health Boards: Membership, Procedure and Payment of Subscriptions (Scotland) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/197
Movement and Sale of Pigs Order 1975 S.I. 1975/203
Friendly Societies Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/205
Clyde River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/232
Solway River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/233
Tweed River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/234
Tay River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/235
North East River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/236
Forth River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/237
Highland River Purification Board (Establishment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/310
Fishing Vessels (Safety Provisions) Rules 1975 S.I. 1975/330
Community Relations (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/417 (N.I. 2)
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/434
South Eastern Combined Fire Area Administration Scheme Order 1975 S.I. 1975/487
Trade Unions and Employers' Associations (Amalgamations, etc.) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/536
Social Security (Maternity Benefit) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/553
Social Security (Hospital In-Patients) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/555
Social Security (Credits) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/556
Social Security Benefit (Persons Abroad) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/563
Social Security (Attendance Allowance) (No. 2) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/598
South Eastern Police (Amalgamation) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/633
Teachers (Colleges of Education) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/640
Local Authorities (Allowances) (Scotland) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/686
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Criminal Proceedings) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/717
National Health Service (General Medical and Pharmaceutical Services) Amendment Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/719
Merchant Shipping (Provisions and Water) (Fishing and Other Vessels) (Amendment) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/733
Act of Adjournal (Rules for Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings Amendment) 1975 S.I. 1975/835
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Legal Aid Fees Amendment) 1975 S.I. 1975/836
Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1975 S.I. 1975/888
Dourine Order 1975 S.I. 1975/889
Gatwick Airport—London Noise Insulation Grants Scheme 1975 S.I. 1975/916
Heathrow Airport—London Noise Insulation Grants Scheme 1975 S.I. 1975/917
Zoonoses Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1030
Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1038 (N.I. 8)
Defective Premises (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1039 (N.I. 9)
Further Education Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1054
Colleges of Education (Compensation) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1092
Schools General (Scotland) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1135
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 2) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1157
Superannuation (Judicial Offices) (Amendment) Rules 1975 S.I. 1975/1183
Transit of Animals (Road & Rail) Order 1975 (S.I. No. 1024)
Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1366
Pensions Increase (Annual Review) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1384
House-Buildings Standards (Approved Scheme etc.) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1462
Social Security Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1503 (N.I. 15)
Child Benefit (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1504 (N.I. 16)
Traffic Signs and General Directions ... S.I. 1975/1536
Mobility Allowance Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1573
The Borough of Castle Morpeth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1667
The District of Holderness (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1668
The Borough of Rushcliffe (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1669
The Borough of South Ribble (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1670
The District of Tendring (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1671
The Borough of Uttlesford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1672
The District of Dartford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1681
The Borough of Southend-on-Sea (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1698
The Borough of Eastbourne (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1699
The District of Pendle (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1700
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1718
The Noise Insulation Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/1763
Tendring Hundred Water (Financial Provisions) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1771
Supreme Court Funds Rules 1975 S.I. 1975/1803
The City of Bath (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1811
The Borough of Broxbourne (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1812
The District of Runnymede (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1814
The District of Salisbury (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1815
The Borough of Tamworth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1816
The District of Tandridge (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1817
The Borough of Watford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1818
Artificial Reproduction of Animals (Northern Ireland) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1834 (N.I. 17)
The Borough of Ashford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1912
The Borough of Blackpool (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1913
The District of Chelmsford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1914
The Borough of Fareham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1915
The Borough of Fylde (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1916
The Borough of Langbaurgh (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1917
The Borough of Luton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1918
The District of Rochford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1919
The Borough of Surrey Heath (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1920
The Borough of Thamesdown (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1921
The District of Wansdyke (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1922
The Borough of Preston (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1975
The District of Basingstoke (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1989
The District of Chiltern (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1990
The District of South Cambridgeshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/1991
The District of Corby (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2019
The District of South Bedfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2065
The District of Aylesbury Vale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2083
The Borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2084
The District of Brentwood (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2085
The Borough of Chorley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2086
The Borough of Congleton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2087
The District of Fenland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2088
The Borough of Gedling (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2089
The Borough of Guildford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2090
The District of Harlow (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2102
The Borough of Hartlepool (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2103
The District of Kingswood (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2104
The District of Mole Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2105
The Borough of North Wolds (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2106
The Borough of Shrewsbury and Atcham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2107
The District of Test Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2108
The District of Wansbeck (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2109
The District of Boothferry (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2142
The City of Cambridge (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2143
The Borough of Colchester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2144
The Borough of Elmbridge (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2145
The Borough of Epsom and Ewell (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2146
The District of Northavon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2147
The District of Yeovil (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2148
The District of Three Rivers (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2199
The Borough of Oswestry (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2200
The Borough of Eastleigh (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2201
The District of Broxtowe (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2202
Oulton Broad Revision Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2206
Merchant Shipping (Crew Accommodation) (Fishing Vessels) Regulations 1975 S.I. 1975/2220
Immigration (Ports of Entry) (Amendment) Order 1975 S.I. 1975/2221
References
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201975 |
The Palatine Chapel () is the royal chapel of the Norman Palace in Palermo, Sicily. This building is a mixture of Byzantine, Norman and Fatimid architectural styles, showing the tricultural state of Sicily during the 12th century after Roger I and Robert Guiscard conquered the island.
Also referred to as a Palace church or Palace chapel, it was commissioned by Roger II of Sicily in 1132 to be built upon an older chapel (now the crypt) constructed around 1080. It took eight years to build, receiving a royal charter the same year, with the mosaics being only partially finished by 1143. The sanctuary, dedicated to Saint Peter, is reminiscent of a domed basilica. It has three apses, as is usual in Byzantine architecture, with six pointed arches (three on each side of the central nave) resting on recycled classical columns. The muqarnas ceiling of the nave and the chapel's rectilinear form show the Fatimid influence in the building's construction.
Mosaics
The mosaics of the Palatine Chapel are of unparalleled elegance as concerns elongated proportions and streaming draperies of figures. They are also noted for subtle modulations of colour and luminance. The oldest are probably those covering the ceiling, the drum, and the dome. The shimmering mosaics of the transept, presumably dating from the 1140s and attributed to Byzantine artists, with an illustrated scene, along the north wall, of St. John in the desert and a landscape of Agnus Dei. Below this are five saints, the Greek fathers of the church, St. Gregory of Nissa, St. Gregory the Theologian, St. Basil, St. John Chrysostom and St. Nicholas. The three central figures, St. Gregory, St. Basil, and St. John Chrysostom, are the Three Great Orthodox Church Fathers referred to as the Three Hierarchs, which originated fifty years earlier. Every composition is set within an ornamental frame, not dissimilar to that used in contemporaneous mosaic icons.
The rest of the mosaics, dated to the 1160s or the 1170s, are executed in a cruder manner and feature Latin (rather than Greek) inscriptions. Probably a work of local craftsmen, these pieces are more narrative and illustrative than transcendental. A few mosaics have a secular character and represent oriental flora and fauna. This may be the only substantial passage of secular Byzantine mosaic extant today.
Muqarnas ceiling
The structure is influenced by Fatimid art style, with the nave ceiling taking from Fatimid art through the use of muqarnas. The nave is similar to Islamic reception halls with the presence of the muqarnas vaulted ceiling and arches along the colonnade. There is also an indication of Kufic script in the Cappella Palatina, this however, is highly debated by scholars because the inscriptions were removed later. It is thought to be likely that these Kufic inscriptions were intended for the structure due to the presence of Kufic inscriptions in other structures built for or by King Roger II. The Cappella Palatina is also influenced by the Islamic style of having rectilinear patterns, uncommon to European art at the time.
The hundreds of facets of the Muqarnas ceiling were painted, notably with many purely ornamental vegetal and zoomorphic designs but also with scenes of daily life and many subjects that have not yet been explained. Stylistically influenced by Egyptian Fatimid Art, these paintings are innovative in their more spatially aware representation of personages and of animals.
Most muqarnas are made out of stucco or stone but the muqarnas in the Cappella Palatina are molded and carved with wood. There are arch shaped panels as the main construction and hidden panels that help center wood cuts for the small vaults in the muqarnas. The muqarnas has 5 horizontal tiers that allow a smooth transition from the ceiling to the walls of the nave. The ceiling is supported by horizontal cavetto wood moldings that touch the upper part of the windows. There are 8 point stars on the ceiling of the nave that are created with an overlay of two squares at a 45-degree angle. The muqarnas ceiling was built most likely after the mosaics of the nave ordered by William I.
Chapel
The chapel combines harmoniously a variety of styles: the Norman architecture and door decor, the Arabic arches and ceiling designs and script adorning the roof, the Byzantine dome and mosaics. For instance, clusters of four eight-pointed stars, typical for Muslim design, are arranged on the ceiling so as to form a Christian cross.
The Cappella Palatina is built along an east–west axis. On the west side resides the throne platform and on the east side is the sanctuary with the nave connecting these two sides, with domes over each side. Along the northern wall of the sanctuary is the royal balcony and the northern chapel, where the King would watch and listen to the liturgy on special feast days. Along the nave runs two rows of colonnades, with windows in between each colonnade. The chapel was decorated with gold, pearls, porphyry, silk and marble.
The chapel has been considered a union of a Byzantine church sanctuary and a Western basilica nave. The sanctuary, is of an "Eastern" artistic nature, while the nave reflects "Western" influences.
Nave
The nave, constructed under Roger II, did not contain any Christian images. These were added later by Roger II's successors, William I and William II. The nave's ceiling consists of Arab, Greek and Latin inscriptions.
The frame for the royal throne sets against the west wall of the nave. There are six steps leading up to where the throne would be, along with two heraldic lions in two roundels upon the spandrels over the throne frame gable.
Part of the nave of the Cappella Palatina
The nave had different forms of decoration from the north and south to the east and west. Intricate lacing from the ceiling mold outline the arches of the nave in the north and South. These outlines are accompanied by oval medallions and cartouches. In the East and West, the decoration is similar to the muqarnas ceiling but is missing some molding for the borders of the ceiling.
Sanctuary
As an expression of Norman culture, St. Dionysius and St. Martin are represented in the sanctuary. Mosaics are of Byzantine culture in their composition and subjects. The apex of the dome consists of the Pantokrator, with rows of angels, prophets, evangelists and saints. The Byzantine motif ends abruptly with scenes from Christ's life along the south wall of the southern transept arm, while the north wall consists of warrior saints.
Analysis
Slobodan Ćurčić considers the Palatine Cappella a reflection of Middle Byzantine art. Illustrating architectural and artistic genius to juxtapose Sicily's "melting pot" culture.
According to European historians, Roger II made the decision to make the throne room and chapel equal in the main part of the Cappella Palatina in order to send a message to the papacy and other rulers of Europe that he was going to stay in Sicily, and there was nothing they could do about it.
Notes
References
Agnello, Fabrizio. “The Painted Ceiling Of The Nave Of The Cappella Palatina In Palermo: An Essay On Its Geometric And Constructive Features.” Muqarnas Online, vol. 27, no. 1, 2011, pp. 407–447.,
Booms, Dirk. “The Normans: The Conquest.” Sicily: Culture and Conquest: by Dirk Booms and Peter Higgs, New York, 2016, pp. 178–220.
Britt, Karen C. “Roger II of Sicily: Rex, Basileus, and Khalif? Identity, Politics and Propaganda in the Cappella Palatina.” Mediterranean Studies, vol. 16, 2007, pp. 21 – 45. JSTOR,
Grube, Ernst J., and Jeremy Johns. The Painted Ceilings of the Cappella Palatina. Bruschettini Foundation for Islamic and Asian Art, 2005.
Johns, Jeremy. “Diversity by Design: The art of Norman Sicily is celebrated for its juxtaposition of Islamic, Byzantine, and Romanesque elements – a remarkable feat of cultural engineering that was a deliberate display of power by the island’s ruler.” Apollo Magazine Ltd., 2016, pp. 80 – 85.
Kitzinger, Ernst. “The Mosaics of the Cappella Palatina in Palermo: An Essay on the Choice and Arrangement of Subjects.” The Art Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 4, 1949, pp. 269–292. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3047256.
See also
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
Palazzo dei Normanni
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale
Arab-Norman architecture in Palermo
Churches completed in 1140
12th-century churches in Italy
Roman Catholic chapels in Italy
Roman Catholic churches in Palermo
Norman architecture in Italy
Churches with Norman architecture
Byzantine art
World Heritage Sites in Italy
Roger II of Sicily | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappella%20Palatina |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1977.
1–100
Local Government Area Changes (Scotland) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/8
The City of Edinburgh and West Lothian Districts (Inchgarvie and Drumshoreland) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/9 (S. 2)
The Lothian and Strathclyde Regions (Motherwell and West Lothian Districts) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/10
The Central and Strathclyde Regions (Bearsden and Milngavie, Stirling and Strathkelvin Districts) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/11 (S. 4)
The Monklands and Motherwell Districts (Chapelhall) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/13 (S. 5)
The Caithness and Sutherland Districts (Tongue and Farr) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/14 (S. 6)
The Hamilton and Motherwell Districts (Strathclyde Park) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/15 (S. 7)
The Cumnock and Doon Valley and Kyle and Carrick Districts (Dalrymple) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/16 (S. 8)
The Highland and Strathclyde Regions (Duror and Glen Etive and Glencoe) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/22 (S. 10)
Noxious Weeds (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/52 (N.I. 1)
The Lothian and Strathclyde Regions (Motherwell and West Lothian Districts) (Revocation) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/63
101–200
The Shetland Islands Area (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/196
201–300
Local Authorities' Cemeteries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/204
Royal and other Parks and Gardens Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/217
The Berkshire and Oxfordshire (Areas) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/218
The Berkshire and Buckinghamshire (Areas) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/219
Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and Buildings in Conservation Areas) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/228
The District of South Norfolk (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/237
Merchant Shipping (Smooth and partially Smooth Waters) Rules 1977 S.I. 1977/252
Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1977 S.I. 1977/289
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Commencement No. 4) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/294 C.10
The Cornwall and Devon (Areas) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/299
301–400
The Deddington and North Aston (Areas) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/335
Social Security (Dependency) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/343
Matrimonial Causes Rules 1977 S.I. 1977/344
The East Kilbride and Hamilton Districts (Sandford) Boundaries Order 1977 S.I. 1977/378 (S. 39)
The District of Sedgemoor (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/379
The Berkshire and Oxfordshire (Areas) (Amendment) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/381
The Runnymede and Woking (Areas) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/382
401–500
The Borough of Boston (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/412
The City of Hereford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/413
The City of Worcester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/414
Criminal Damage (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/426 (N.I. 4)
Nuclear Installations (Isle of Man) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/429
The District of West Derbyshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/437
The District of South Herefordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/438
Offshore Installations (Life-saving Appliances) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/486
501–600
The Borough of Crewe and Nantwich (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/510
The City of Lancaster (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/538
The District of Woodspring (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/546
Crown Roads (Royal Parks) (Application of Road Traffic Enactments) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/548
Consumer Protection and Advice (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/595 (N.I. 6)
Rates Amendment (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/598 (N.I. 9)
Transport (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/599 (N.I. 10)
601–700
Social Security (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/610 (N.I. 11)
Teachers (Colleges of Education) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/634
House-Building Standards (Approved Scheme etc.) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/642
The District of West Oxfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/681
701–800
Judicial Pensions (Preservation of Benefits) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/717
The Borough of Oadby and Wigston (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/723
The Borough of Melton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/731
The Borough of Nuneaton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/732
Mid Southern Water (Capital (economics)Capital Powers) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/744
801–900
The District of Craven (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/864
The District of Chichester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/865
The District of West Devon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/866
Conveyance in Harbours of Military Explosives Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/890
901–1000
Local Land Charges Rules 1977 S.I. 1977/985
1001–1100
Condensed Milk and Dried Milk (Scotland) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/1027
The District of Purbeck (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1064
The Borough of Scarborough (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1065
The District of East Staffordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1066
1101–1200
Merchant Shipping (Seamen's Documents) (Amendment) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/1181
1201–1300
National Savings Bank (Investment Deposits) (Limits) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1210
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application outside Great Britain) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1232
Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1245 (N.I. 12)
Criminal Damage (Compensation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1247 (N.I. 14)
Criminal Injuries (Compensation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1248 (N.I. 15)
Criminal Law (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1249 (N.I. 16)
Family Law Reform (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1250 (N.I. 17)
Fatal Accidents (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1251 (N.I. 18)
Stock Exchange (Completion of Bargains) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1254 (N.I. 21)
The District of Bracknell (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1273
The City of Norwich (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1274
The London Borough of Sutton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1275
The District of South Hams (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1276
The District of Bromsgrove (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1277
The London Borough of Hounslow (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1278
The District of Tiverton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1279
1301–1400
Pensions Increase (Annual Review) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1387
The District of Broadland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1390
The London Borough of Lewisham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1391
The London Borough of Southwark (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1392
The District of Stratford-on-Avon District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1393
1401–1500
The London Borough of Ealing (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1414
The District of Epping Forest (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1415
The London Borough of Barking (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1427
The Borough of Crawley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1433
The District of North Hertfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1442
1501–1600
Social Security (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/1509
The London Borough of Havering (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1545
The London Borough of Redbridge (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1546
The London Borough of Croydon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1564
The London Borough of Hammersmith (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1565
The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1567
The London Borough of Islington (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1577
The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1588
1601–1700
The London Borough of Newham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1613
The London Borough of Hillingdon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1673
The District of Richmondshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1674
The Criminal Law Act 1977 (Commencement No. 3) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1682 (C.58)
The Orkney Islands Area (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1697
The Western Isles Islands Area (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1698
1701–1800
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/1705
Alcoholometers and Alcohol Hydrometers (EEC Requirements) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/1753
Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/1762
The London Borough of Bexley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1763
The London Borough of Greenwich (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1764
The London Borough of Hackney (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1765
The London Borough of Waltham Forest (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1766
1801–1900
The London Borough of Brent (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1810
The District of North Kesteven (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1811
The London Borough of Barnet (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1817
The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1818
The London Borough of Merton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1819
Judicial Pensions (Requisite Benefits) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1858
The London Borough of Camden (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1864
The District of Rutland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1865
The City of Oxford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1885
The Borough of Gravesham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1894
The Borough of High Peak (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1895
1901–2000
Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977 (Commencement No. 1) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1910
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1951
The London Borough of Wandsworth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1962
The Fife Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1983
The Central Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1984
The Borders Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1985
The Dumfries and Galloway Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/1986
2001–2100
The District of South Staffordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2037
The London Borough of Haringey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2067
The London Borough of Lambeth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2068
2101–2200
Judicial Pensions (Preservation of Benefits) (No. 2) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2102
The London Borough of Bromley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2141
Agricultural Wages (Regulation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2151 (N.I. 22)
Supplementary Benefits (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2156 (N.I. 27)
Rates (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2157 (N.I. 28)
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1977 S.I. 1977/2173
Judicial Pensions (Preservation of Benefits) (Amendment) Order 1977 S.I. 1977/2185
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201977 |
Tale Spinnin' is the fifth studio album by Weather Report, recorded and released in 1975, featuring the addition of drummer Leon "Ndugu" Chancler, who was recruited after Josef Zawinul heard him play with Carlos Santana. Weather Report was recording in the studio next door to Ndugu, and asked him to join them for “one session”. That session ended up lasting a week and produced Tale Spinnin'. Ndugu was asked to join as a permanent member, but decided to stay with Santana.
Some Canadian copies of the album list a track entitled "Krampus" on the back of the sleeve. However, this track does not appear on the actual record.
Release history
In addition to the usual 2-channel stereo version the album was also released by Columbia in 1975 in 4-channel quadraphonic sound on LP record and 8-track tape. The quad LP release was encoded in the SQ matrix system. The quad mixes were performed by Bruce Botnick.
The album was reissued in the UK on the Super Audio CD format in 2018 by Dutton Vocalion. This edition contains both the stereo and quad mixes.
Track listing
Personnel
Josef Zawinul - Rhodes piano, acoustic piano, melodica, TONTO synthesizer, ARP 2600 synthesizer, organ, steel drums, oud, mzuthra, West African talking drum, xylophone, cymbals, vocals
Wayne Shorter - soprano and tenor saxophones
Alphonso Johnson - electric bass
Leon "Ndugu" Chancler - drums, tympani, marching cymbals
Alyrio Lima - percussion
Technical
Bruce Botnick - recording engineer, mixing
Wayne Shorter - mixing
Teresa Alfieri, John Berg - cover design
References
External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Tale Spinnin'
Columbia Records albums
Weather Report albums
1975 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tale%20Spinnin%27 |
Everything That Rises Must Converge is a collection of short stories written by Flannery O'Connor during the final decade of her life. The collection's eponymous story derives its name from the work of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. The collection was published posthumously in 1965 and contains an introduction by Robert Fitzgerald. Of the volume's nine stories, seven had been printed in magazines or literary journals prior to being collected, including three that won O. Henry Awards: "Greenleaf" (1957), "Everything That Rises Must Converge" (1963), and "Revelation" (1965). "Judgment Day" is a dramatically reworked version of "The Geranium", which was one of O'Connor's earliest publications and appeared in her graduate thesis at the University of Iowa. "Parker's Back", the collection's only completely new story, was a last-minute addition.
Short story contents
"Everything That Rises Must Converge"
"Greenleaf"
"A View of the Woods"
"The Enduring Chill"
"The Comforts of Home"
"The Lame Shall Enter First"
"Revelation"
"Parker's Back"
"Judgement Day"
"Everything That Rises Must Converge"
The short story that lends its name to the 1965 short story collection was first published in the 1961 issue of New World Writing. The story won O'Connor her second O. Henry Award in 1963. The story's protagonist is a recent college graduate and aspiring writer named Julian who lives with his mother in an unnamed Southern city. Julian's mother attends a weekly exercise session at the local YMCA but is wary of riding the bus by herself after the recent racial integration of the city's transportation system. Though he despises his mother's racism, snobbery and anti-intellectualism, Julian reluctantly escorts her on the bus out of a sense of filial duty. One night, after his mother loudly complains to the other white passengers about the state of affairs under integration, Julian makes a point of sitting next to a black man on the bus, who ignores him in spite of Julian's attempt to be friendly. Soon a black woman and her young son named Carver board as well. Julian's mother shows an affection for Carver in spite of Carver’s mother's disapproval and gives him a penny when they all disembark at the same station, causing Carver's mother to assault her on the sidewalk. Julian is unsympathetic at first and tells his mother that she has received what she deserved, but he soon realizes the extent to which his mother has been affected by the incident.
The title "Everything That Rises Must Converge" refers to a work by the French philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin titled the "Omega Point": "Remain true to yourself, but move ever upward toward greater consciousness and greater love! At the summit you will find yourselves united with all those who, from every direction, have made the same ascent. For everything that rises must converge."
In popular culture
In the fifth season Lost episode, "The Incident", Jacob reads Everything That Rises Must Converge while waiting for John Locke to fall from a window.
The band Shriekback put out a song by this title in 1985.
The Danish dark rock band Sort Sol ("Black Sun" in Danish) released an album called "Everything that rises... must converge!" in 1987.
The album was initially intended to be called The Violent Bear It Away.
The music duo The Handsome Family released a song by this title in 1995.
A song by Moby is named “Everything That Rises.”
The band A Hope for Home put out a song by this title in 2011.
The band Elephant Tree (band) included the title in the lyrics for their song 'Bird'
In the Æon Flux episode "Chronophasia", a character speaks the title of the story.
Sufjan Stevens has a track on his 2023 album Javelin called "Everything That Rises" and he sings "Everything That Rises Must Converge."
References
External links
1965 short story collections
Short story collections by Flannery O'Connor
Short stories by Flannery O'Connor
Books published posthumously
Farrar, Straus and Giroux books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything%20That%20Rises%20Must%20Converge |
Reality Check is the seventh studio album by American rapper Juvenile. The album was released on March 7, 2006, by UTP Records and Atlantic Records. The album features guest appearances from Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Fat Joe and Ludacris, among others.
Reality Check was supported by three singles "Rodeo", "Get Ya Hustle On" and "Way I Be Leanin'". The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 174,000 copies its first week. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Singles
The album's lead single "Rodeo"; it was produced by Cool & Dre was released. The single had charted on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at a modest number 41.
The album's second single "Get Ya Hustle On"; it was produced by Donald XL Robertson was released. The song describes as a scathing indictment for the local government and the media's response from the 2005's Hurricane Katrina, including lyrics such as "The mayor ain't your friend, he's the enemy––just to get your vote, a saint is what he pretend to be" and "Fuck Fox News I don't listen to y'all ass, couldn't get a nigga off the roof when the storm passed."
The album's third single "Way I Be Leanin'" featuring Mike Jones, Paul Wall; along with his label-mates Wacko and Skip was released. The music video for "Way I Be Leanin'" premiered on MTV's Making the Video.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2006 albums
Juvenile (rapper) albums
Atlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Scott Storch
Albums produced by Lil Jon
Albums produced by Happy Perez
Albums produced by Cool & Dre
Albums produced by Mannie Fresh
Albums produced by Mike Dean (record producer)
Albums produced by Brian McKnight | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality%20Check%20%28Juvenile%20album%29 |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1978.
1–100
Diseases of Animals (Approved Disinfectants) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/32
Merchant Shipping (Provisions and Water) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/36
The District of South Kesteven (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/43
The District of Selby (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/45
The District of Mid Suffolk (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/46
The District of Teignbridge (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/47
The District of Wychavon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/49
The Tayside Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/58
The Highland Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/59
The London Borough of Tower Hamlets (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/63
The District of Basildon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/87
The City of Chester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/88
The London Borough of Harrow (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/89
The District of Vale of White Horse (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/90
101–200
Merchant Shipping (Seamen's Documents) (Amendment) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/107
The New Forest and Southampton (Areas) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/129
State Scheme Premiums (Actuarial Tables) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/134
201–300
Patents Rules 1978 S.I. 1978/216
The District of Derwentside (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/231
Local Government Area Changes (Amendment) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/247
Agricultural Holdings (Arbitration on Notices) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/257
Transfer of Functions (Wales) (No. 1) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/272
Plant Breeders' Rights Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/294
301–400
Home Loss Payments (Scotland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/323
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/375
Social Security (Graduated Retirement Benefit) (No.2) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/393
401–500
National Insurance Commissioners (Pensions) (Preservation of Benefits) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/407
National Insurance Commissioners' Pensions (Requisite Benefits) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/408
The Lothian Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/418
The Borough of Hastings (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/437
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/448
Property (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/459 (N.I. 4)
Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/460 (N.I. 5)
The District of South Holland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/482
501–600
Rules of the Supreme Court (Amendment No. 3) ... S.I. 1978/579
601–700
The Borough of Sandwell (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/610
Offshore Installations (Fire-fighting Equipment) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/611
Legal Aid (Scotland) (General) Amendment Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/622
Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977 (Commencement No.2) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/627
701–800
Price Marking (Food) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/738
County Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1978 S.I. 1978/750
The Borough of Hove (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/753
Merchant Shipping (Crew Accommodation) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/795
801–900
Babies' Dummies (Safety) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/836
Cambridge Water Order 1978 S.I. 1978/881
The Grampian Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/882
Authorised Officers (Meat Inspection) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/884
901–1000
Merchant Shipping (Seamen's Documents) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/979
Cambridge Water (No. 2) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/986
The District of West Lindsey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/990
1001–1100
Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1039 (N.I. 9)
Financial Provisions (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1041 (N.I. 11)
Matrimonial Causes (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1045 (N.I. 15)
Payments for Debt (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1046 (N.I. 16)
Protection of Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1047 (N.I. 17)
Planning (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1048 (N.I. 18)
Pollution Control and Local Government (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1049 (N.I. 19)
Rent (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1050 (N.I. 20)
1101–1200
Criminal Appeal (Amendment) Rules 1978 S.I. 1978/1118
Mobility Allowance (Motability Payments Arrangements) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1131
1201–1300
Pensions Increase (Annual Review) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1211
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 2) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1225
The District of Allerdale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1246
The Borough of St. Edmundsbury (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1247
Slaughterhouse Hygiene (Scotland) Regulations 1978 1273
The Borough of Erewash (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1299
The Borough of Warrington (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1300
1301–1400
Trade Unions and Employers' Associations (Amalgamations, etc.) (Amendment) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1344
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1348
The District of Kerrier (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1356
National Insurance Commissioners' Pensions (Requisite Benefits) (Amendment) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1368
The District of Carrick (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1370
1401–1500
Theft (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1407 (N.I. 23)
The District of Adur (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1434
The District of Cotswold (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1435
The Borough of Ipswich (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1436
The Borough of Macclesfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1437
The District of North Norfolk (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1438
The District of Thanet (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1439
The Borough of Copeland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1465
The District of Cherwell (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1473
The District of Bolsover (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1494
The District of Wyre Forest (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1495
1501–1600
The District of Penwith (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1505
Naval, Military and Air Forces Etc. (Disablement and Death) Service Pensions Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1525
The Borough of Chesterfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1552
The Borough of Gosport (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1553
Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1565
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1578
The District of The Wrekin (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1591
1601–1700
The Borough of Grimsby (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1604
The Borough of Oldham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1605
The Borough of Solihull (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1606
The District of Amber Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1611
The District of Breckland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1612
The City of Derby (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1613
The Borough of Barnsley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1639
The District of Wokingham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1640
The Stewartry District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1641
The Wigtown District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1642
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 3) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1643
The Borough of Northampton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1664
The District of South Lakeland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1665
The City of Durham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1690
The Borough of Weymouth and Portland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1694
Social Security Benefit (Computation of Earnings) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1698
1701–1800
The Borough of Bury (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1722
Compressed Acetylene (Importation) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1723
Fire Services (Appointments and Promotion) (Scotland) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1727
The District of Dover (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1749
The City of Lincoln (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1750
The District of Torridge (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1751
Merchant Shipping (Seamen's Documents) (Amendment No. 3) Regulations 1978 S.I. 1978/1758
The District of North East Derbyshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1768
The City of St. Albans (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1783
The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1792
The City of Plymouth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1793
1801–1900
The District of North Cornwall (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1806
The Borough of Bournemouth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1813
The District of Hambleton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1814
The District of Shepway (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1814 ??
The Borough of Christchurch (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1841
The District of East Devon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1842
The District of Leominster (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1843
The District of Easington (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1859
The District of Forest Heath (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1860
The District of Horsham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1861
The Borough of Rugby (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1862
The Borough of Sefton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1863
1901–2000
Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1907 (N.I. 26)
Rehabilitation of Offenders (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1908 (N.I. 27)
European Communities (Services of Lawyers) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1910
The City of Westminster (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1978 S.I. 1978/1978 ??
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
References
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201978 |
The Albertville City Schools or Albertville City School System is the public school district of Albertville, Alabama. Albertville City School System serves 5,842 students and employs 302 teachers and 155 staff as of the 2020-2021 school year. The district includes three elementary schools, two middle schools, and one high school.
Schools
The Albertville City School System consists of six schools:
Albertville Kindergarten and Pre-K (PK-K)
Albertville Primary School (1-2)
Albertville Elementary School (3-4)
Albertville Intermediate School (5-6)
Albertville Middle School (7-8)
Albertville High School (9-12)
School Board
References
External links
Albertville City School System website
School districts in Alabama
Education in Etowah County, Alabama
Education in Marshall County, Alabama
Huntsville-Decatur, AL Combined Statistical Area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertville%20City%20Schools |
Michael Festing is a British research scientist best known for his interest in animal testing.
He is one of 19 members of the UK's Animal Procedures Committee, which advises the Home Secretary on matters related to animal testing. He was previously a trustee of the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME ), which funds and promotes research into the use of animal alternatives. He is also a council member of the Institute of Laboratory Animals Research USA.
Most of Michael Festing's career has been involved in promoting reduction of the numbers of animals used in research. Nonetheless, Festing has been criticized by the animal rights movement for his investment in companies that engage in animal testing, which according to the Animal Procedures Committee register of members' interests, includes AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Alizyme, Akambis, Cambridge Antibody, Shire Pharmaceuticals, and Celltech.
He is also a consultant geneticist to Harlan UK, which supplies animals to laboratories.
Life and education
Festing is a chartered statistician, has a Ph.D in quantitative genetics from Iowa State University, and a D.Sc. from the University of London.
He is the father of Simon Festing, the former executive director of the Research Defence Society, which focuses on supplying information about, and defending, the use of animals in medical experiments in the UK.
Research
Festing is the author of over 200 scientific papers on laboratory animal genetics and related issues. He has a particular interest in improving the design of animal experiments, particularly in the area of toxicology testing. He has written books cataloguing laboratory animals, including International Index of Laboratory Animals and Inbred Strains in Biomedical Research.
Award
He was the winner in 1996 of the GlaxoSmithKline Laboratory Animal Welfare Prize for his work while at the University of Leicester on "improved experimental design leading to reductions in the use of laboratory animals."
References
Brief biography of Michael Festing, PharmaDiscovery, retrieved February 22, 2006
Corporate members of FRAME, Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments, retrieved February 22, 2006
Current APC Members and Register of Interests, Animal Procedures Committee, retrieved February 22, 2006
"RDS, Michael Festing, and Simon Festing: Who's Who", Americans for Medical Advancement, retrieved February 22, 2006
"GlaxoSmithKline laboratory animal welfare prize", Research Defence Society
Alumni of the University of London
Academics of the University of Leicester
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Iowa State University alumni
Animal testing in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Festing |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1979.
1–100
The Motor Fuel (Lead Content of Petrol) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1
The Local Government Superannuation (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/2
The Petrol Prices (Display) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/4
The Civil Aviation (Air Travel Organisers' Licensing) (Third Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/5
The Social Security (Contributions, Re-rating) Consequential Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/9
The Industrial Training Levy (Footwear, Leather and Fur Skin) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/11
The Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1968 (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/25
The Cereals Marketing Act 1965 (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/26
The Food Hygiene (Ships) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/27
The General Medical Council (Review Board for Overseas Qualified Practitioners Rules) Order of Council 1979 S.I. 1979/29
The Protection of Wrecks (Designation No. 1) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/31
The Butter Prices (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/34
The Rules of the Supreme Court (Amendment) 1979 S.I. 1979/35
The Medicines (Prescription Only) Amendment Order 1979 S.I. 1979/36
The Diseases of Animals (Approved Disinfectants) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/37
The Measuring Instruments (Intoxicating Liquor) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/41
The Goods Vehicles (Authorisation of International Journeys) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/42
The Balloon-Making Compounds (Safety) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/44
The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/45
The Teachers' Superannuation (Policy Schemes) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/47
The Nurses and Enrolled Nurses (Amendment) Rules Approval Instrument 1979 S.I. 1979/49
The National Health Service (Preservation of Boards of Governors) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/51
The Protection of Wrecks (Designation No. 1 and No. 4 Orders 1978) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/56
The Wild Birds (Special Protection in Severe Weather) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/70
The Haddock (West of Scotland and Rockall) Licensing Order 1979 S.I. 1979/71
The Isles of Scilly (Functions) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/72
The Police Cadets (Pensions) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/75
The Special Constables (Pensions) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/76
The Measuring Instruments (EEC Requirements) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/80
The Tweeddale District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/84
The Road Traffic Act 1974 (Commencement No. 1) (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/85 (C.2) (S.3)
The Firearms (Variation of Fees) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/86
The Harford and Ivybridge (Areas) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/90
The Firearms (Variation of Fees) (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/91 (S.4)
The Pensions Appeal Tribunals (Scotland) (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/94 (S.7)
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Legal Aid Fees Amendment) 1979 S.I. 1979/95 (S.8)
The Liverpool—Leeds Trunk Road (Micklethorn to Broughton Bridge Access Road Improvement) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/96
The Merchant Shipping (Repatriation) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/97
The Wild Birds (Special Protection in Severe Weather) (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/99 (S.10)
The Housing Support Grant (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/100 (S.11)
101–200
The Anti-Dumping Duty (Revocation) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/104
The County Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/105
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/106 (L.3)
The Colouring Matter in Food (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/107 (S.12)
The Foreign Compensation (Financial Provisions) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/109
The Merchant Shipping (Confirmation of Legislation) (South Australia) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/110
The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1976 (Colonies) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/111
General Medical Council (Constitution) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/112
The Naval, Military and Air Forces etc. (Disablement and Death) Service Pensions Amendment Order 1979 S.I. 1979/113
The Independent Broadcasting Authority Act 1973 (Channel Islands) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/114
The Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders (Designation of Reciprocating Countries) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/115
The Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) (Revocation) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/116
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Austria) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/117
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Norway) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/118
Control of Off-Street Parking (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/119
The Merchant Shipping (Foreign Deserters) (Disapplication) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/120
The Agricultural Levy Reliefs (Frozen Beef and Veal) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/121
The Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978 (Commencement No. 3) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/124 (C.3)
The Children and Young Persons Act 1969 (Transitional Modifications of Part I) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/125
The Distribution of Footwear (Prices) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/129
The Alcohol Tables Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/132
The Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/133
The Rabies Virus Order 1979 S.I. 1979/135
The Export of Goods (Control) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/136
The Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/138
The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 14) (Isle of Wight) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/139
The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 42) (Isle of Wight) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/140 (C.4)
The Wild Birds (Special Protection in Severe Weather) (Scotland) (No. 2) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/141 (S.13)
The Ancillary Dental Workers (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/142
The Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Fees) (Scotland) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/143 (S.14)
The Marriage Fees (Scotland) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/144 (S.15)
The Aviation Security Fund (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/145
The General Betting Duty (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1979 S.I. 1979/146
The New Forest (Parishes) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/148
The Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Fees) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/149
The Customs Duties (ECSC) (Quota and Other Reliefs) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/153
The Civil Aviation (Route Charges for Navigation Services) (Second Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/154
The Customs Duties (ECSC) Anti-Dumping (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/155
The Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) (Financial Conditions) (No. 1) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/156 (S.16)
The North East Fife District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/158
The Caithness District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/159
The Family Income Supplements (General) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/160
The Export of Goods (Control) (Amendment No. 2) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/164
The British Aerospace (Design, Development and Production of Civil Aircraft) (Payments) Order 1978 S.I. 1979/165
The Legal Advice and Assistance (Financial Conditions) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/166
The Prevention of Terrorism (Supplemental Temporary Provisions) (Northern Ireland) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/168
The Prevention of Terrorism (Supplemental Temporary Provisions) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/169
The Magistrates' Courts (Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders) (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/170 (L.4)
The Social Security Pensions Act 1975 (Commencement No. 13) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/171 (C.5)
The Mobility Allowance Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/172
The Prices and Charges (Notification of Increases) (Amendment No. 2) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/178
The Export Guarantees (Extension of Period) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/180
The Customs Duties (ECSC) Provisional Anti-Dumping Order 1979 S.I. 1979/181
The Industrial Training Levy (Knitting, Lace and Net) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/184
The Industrial Training Levy (Petroleum) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/185
The Public Trustee (Fees) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/189
Act of Sederunt (Sessions of Court and Sederunt Days) 1979 S.I. 1979/190 (S.19)
The Customs Duties (ECSC) Provisional Anti Dumping (No. 2) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/191
The Royal Navy Terms of Service (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/192
The Paraffin (Maximum Retail Prices) (Third Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/193
The Parochial Fees Order 1979 S.I. 1979/194
Payments to Redundant Churches Fund Order 1979 S.I. 1979/195
The Immigration (Registration with Police) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/196
201–300
The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 43) (West Berkshire) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/200 (C.6)
The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 44) (Oxfordshire) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/201 (C.7)
The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 15) (West Berkshire) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/202
The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 16) (Oxfordshire) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/203
The New Towns (Limit on Borrowing) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/204
The Customs Warehousing Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/207
The Excise Warehousing Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/208
The Companies (Winding-up) (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/209
The Judicial Pensions (Widows' and Children's Benefits) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/210
The Ironstone Restoration Fund (Standard Rate) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/211
The Local Authorities' Traffic Orders (Procedure) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/213 (S.21)
The Secretary of State's Traffic Orders (Procedure) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/214 (S.22)
The Royal Air Force Terms of Service (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/215
The Misuse of Drugs (Licence Fees) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/218
The European Assembly Elections (Day of Election) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/219
The European Assembly Elections (Returning Officers) (England and Wales) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/220
The Agricultural or Forestry Tractors and Tractor Components (Type Approval) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/221
The Sugar Beet (Research and Education) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/222
The Social Security (Hospital In-Patients) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/223
The Value Added Tax (Supplies by Retailers) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/224
Act of Sederunt (Suspension of Business) 1979 S.I. 1979/226 (S.24)
The Local Government (Rate Product) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/227 (S.25)
The Water Authorities (Collection of Charges) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/228
The Prices and Charges (Safeguard for Basic Profits) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/229
The Customs Duties (ECSC) Provisional Anti-Dumping (No. 3) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/231
Act of Adjournal (Suspension of Sittings etc.) 1979 S.I. 1979/232
The Cycle Racing on Highways (Special Authorisation) (England and Wales) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/233
The Housing Finance (Rent Allowance Subsidy) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/234
The Domestic Water Rate Product (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/235 (S.26)
The Control of Off-Street Parking outside Greater London (Appeals Procedure) (England and Wales) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/236
The Civil Aviation (Canadian Navigation Services) (Second Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/237
The Stock Exchange (Designation of Nominees) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/238
The British Nationality (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/240
The Alcoholic Liquors (Amendment of Enactments Relating to Strength and to Units of Measurement) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/241
The Value Added Tax (Donated Medical Equipment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/242
The Value Added Tax (Finance) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/243
The Value Added Tax (International Services) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/244
The Value Added Tax (Aids for the Disabled) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/245
The Value Added Tax (Medical Goods and Services) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/246
The Milk Marketing Scheme (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/249
The Industrial Training Levy (Wool, Jute and Flax) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/251
The Housing (Improvement of Amenities of Residential Areas) (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/253 (S.28)
The Fishing Boats (Faroe Islands) Designation Order 1979 S.I. 1979/256
The Eggs Authority (Rates of Levy) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/257
The Savings Banks (Registrar's Fees) (Amendment) Warrant 1979 S.I. 1979/258
The Trustee Savings Banks (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/259
The Scholarships and Other Benefits (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/260
The Legal Aid (General) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/263
The Social Security (Industrial Injuries) (Prescribed Diseases) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/264
The Social Security (Industrial Injuries) (Prescribed Diseases) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/265
The Civil Aviation (Navigation Services Charges) (Second Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/267
The Cod and Whiting (Licensing) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/268
The Special Development Area (Falmouth) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/269
The Personal Injuries (Civilians) Amendment Scheme 1979 S.I. 1979/270
The Export of Goods (Control) (Amendment No. 3) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/276
The Stock Transfer (Addition of Forms) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/277
The Daily Telegraph Limited (Prices) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/278
The Legal Aid (Assessment of Resources) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/280
The Legal Advice and Assistance (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/281
The Irish Republic (Termination of 1927 Agreement) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/289
The Social Security (Reciprocal Agreements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/290
The Reserve and Auxiliary Forces (Protection of Civil Interests) (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/291
The European Communities (Definition of Treaties) (ECSC Decision on Supplementary Revenues) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/292
The Merchant Shipping (Foreign Deserters) (Revocation) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/293
Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/294 (N.I. 1)
Judgments Enforcement and Debts Recovery (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/296 (N.I. 3)
Rates Amendment (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/297 (N.I. 4)
The Judgments Enforcement (Consequential Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/298
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Modification) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/299
The Double Taxation Relief (Shipping and Air Transport Profits) (Jordan) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/300
301–400
The Double Taxation Relief (Shipping and Air Transport Profits) (Venezuela) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/301
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Malawi) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/302
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Norway) (No. 2) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/303
The Arbitration (Foreign Awards) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/304
The Hovercraft (Civil Liability) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/305
The Monegasque Tonnage Order 1979 S.I. 1979/306
The Building Standards (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/310 (S.29)
The Skye and Lochalsh District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/312
The Industrial Training Levy (Iron and Steel) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/313
The Customs Duties (ECSC) Provisional Anti-Dumping (No. 4) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/314
The Medicines (General Sale List) Amendment Order 1979 S.I. 1979/315
The Mines (Precautions Against Inrushes) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/318
The Scottish Milk Marketing Schemes (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/319 (S.30)
Residential Establishments (Payments by Local Authorities) (Scotland) Amendment Order 1979 S.I. 1979/320 (S.30)
The Exchange Control (Authorised Dealers and Depositaries) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/321
The European Assembly Elections (Northern Ireland) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/322
Grants for Guarantees of Bank Loans (Extension of Period) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/323
The Legal Aid (Scotland) (Assessment of Resources) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/324 (S.32)
The Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/325 (S.33)
The Misuse of Drugs (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/326
The Princess Parkway, Princess Road (A5103) Manchester Section, Altrincham Road to Riverside Avenue, Northbank Walk (Trunking) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/327
The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 17) (Humberside) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/328
The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 45) (Humberside) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/329 (C.8)
St Helens–Ormskirk–Southport Trunk Road (Prohibition of Waiting) (Clearways) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/332
The State Awards (State Bursaries for Adult Education) (Wales) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/333
The House-Building Standards (Approved Scheme etc.) Order 1970 S.I. 1979/381
The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/382
The Coffee and Coffee Products (Scotland) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/383 (S.41)
The Bread Prices (No. 2) Order 1976 (Revocation) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/384
The Redundant Mineworkers and Concessionary Coal (Payments Schemes) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/385
The Industrial Training Levy (Air Transport and Travel) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/386
The Industrial Training Levy (Food, Drink and Tobacco) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/387
The Llandeilo-Carmarthen Trunk road (Penrock Bends Diversion) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/388
The Meat and Livestock Commission Levy Scheme (Confirmation) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/393
The Social Security Pensions Act 1975 (Commencement No. 15) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/394 (C.11)
The Cinematograph Films (Limits of Levy) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/395
Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/396 (N.I. 5)
The Herring By-Catch (Restrictions on Landing) (No. 2) (Variation) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/398
The Matrimonial Causes (Costs) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/399
The Matrimonial Causes (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/400
401–500
The "Pelican" Pedestrian Crossings (Amendment) Regulations and General Directions 1979 S.I. 1979/401
The Rules of the Supreme Court (Amendment No. 2) 1979 S.I. 1979/402 (L.5)
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/406
The Firemen's Pension Scheme (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/407
The Insurance Brokers Registration Council (Indemnity Insurance and Grants Scheme) Rules Approval Order 1979 S.I. 1979/408
The Legal Aid (Scotland) (Financial Conditions) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/409 (S.42)
The Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) (Financial Conditions) (No. 2) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/410 (S.43)
The Firearms (Variation of Fees) (Scotland) Order 1979 Revocation Order 1979 S.I. 1979/411 (S.44)
The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board (Compensation for Smelter Deficits) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/412 (S.45)
Vaccine Damage Payments Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/432
Extradition (Internationally Protected Persons) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/453
501–600
Customs Duties (Standard Exchange Relief) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/554
Outward Processing Relief Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/555
Social Security (Contributions) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/591
Social Security (Overlapping Benefits) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/597
601–700
Social Security (Claims and Payments) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/628
Superannuation (Judicial Offices) (Amendment) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/668
The Strathclyde Region (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/673
Social Security (Earnings Factor) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/676
The Inverness District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/698
The Nairn District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/699
701–800
National Health Service (Dental and Optical Charges) (Scotland) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/705
The Borough of Great Yarmouth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/710
Forestry (Felling of Trees) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/791
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/793
801–900
The Clackmannan District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/821
The Stirling District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/822
901–1000
Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/924 (N.I. 8)
Pneumoconiosis, etc., (Workers' Compensation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/925 (N.I. 9)
Tattooing of Minors (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/926 (N.I. 10)
Industrial and Provident Societies (Credit Unions) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/937
The Badenoch and Strathspey District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/943
Scottish Land Court Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/979
1001–1100
The District of North Wiltshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1015
The District of Waverley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1016
The Borough of Doncaster (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1027
The Borough of Trafford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1028
Pensions Increase (Review) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1047
The District of Wealden (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1071
Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1088
The Sutherland District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1096
The Midlothian District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1097
1101–1200
The District of Newbury (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1107
The District of West Wiltshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1108
The District of Teesdale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1109
The District of Ryedale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1110
The District of Lewes (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1111
The District of Harborough (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1112
The City of Kingston upon Hull (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1113
The City of Carlisle (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1131
1201–1300
The Berwickshire District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1201
The Nithsdale District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1202
Police Pensions (War Service) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1259
The District of Sedgefield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1264
The District of Wear Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1265
The Borough of Worthing (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1266
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1287
The City of Edinburgh District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1291
The District of West Norfolk (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1295
1301–1400
Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders (Hague Convention Countries) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1317
The Borough of Calderdale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1320
The Borough of Bolton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1321
The City of Coventry (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1322
The Borough of Rotherham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1323
The Borough of Stockport (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1324
The Borough of Harrogate (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1327
The District of Warwick (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1328
The Borough of Rochdale (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1341
The Dunfermline District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1345
The Borough of Reading (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1346
The Borough of Poole (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1347
The Borough of St. Helens (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1348
The District of East Devon (Electoral Arrangements) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1349
The Borough of Tameside (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1368
Explosives Act 1875 (Exemptions) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1378
Taximeters (EEC Requirements) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1379
1401–1500
The Perth and Kinross District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1401
The East Lothian District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1402
The City of Liverpool (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1411
The District of East Lindsey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1415
Weights and Measures Local Standards: Periods of Validity) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1436
The Falkirk District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1462
The Borough of Walsall (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1472
The City of Exeter (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1473
The City of Leicester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1474
The City of Portsmouth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1494
The District of Stroud (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1495
The Borough of Torbay (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1496
1501–1600
The Borough of Wirral (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1523
The Borough of Wigan (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1524
The Borough of Cheltenham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1525
Statutory Rules (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1573 (N.I. 12)
Industrial Assurance (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1574 (N.I. 13)
Administration of Estates (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1575 (N.I. 14)
Brucellosis (Scotland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1596
1601–1700
The City of Sheffield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1615
The City of Leeds (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1616
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment No. 2) Rules 1979 S.I. 1979/1620
The City of Bradford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1634
Immigration (Ports of Entry) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1635
The Cunninghame District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1640
The District of North Bedfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1663
The Borough of Restormel (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1670
The Borough of Wellingborough (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1695
The Annandale and Eskdale District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1696
1701–1800
Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1709 (N.I. 16)
Mineral Exploration (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1713 (N.I. 18)
Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1714 (N.I. 19)
The Copyright (International Conventions) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1715
Working Standards and Testing Equipment (Testing and Adjustment) (Amendment) Regulations 1979 S.I. 1979/1719
The Strathclyde Region (Electoral Arrangements) (Amendment) Order 1979 S.I. 1979/1757
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
References
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201979 |
The Wellington 500 was a street race for touring cars which took place at Wellington City in Wellington, New Zealand in the 1980s and 1990s. The 1987 event was a round of the 1987 World Touring Car Championship.
The final running of the race was in 1996, a non-championship sprint event for teams from the Australian Touring Car Championship.
History
Beginnings (1985-86)
The race was first proposed in 1984 and first took place a year later, albeit with a different layout from that to the original proposal. Initially dubbed the Nissan Cue 500, the first event in 1985's title was changed at the last minute to the Nissan Sport 500 due to Cue Magazine's demise in the week preceding the event. The following year Mobil became a naming sponsor and the Nissan Mobil 500 name was born.
The Nissan Mobil 500 was actually a two-event series with the first round being held at the Wellington Street Circuit and the second at Pukekohe Park Raceway south of Auckland, known as the Pukekohe 500. The event was run to the Group A touring car regulations of the time. Despite the event name, the distance was on occasion less than 500 kilometres due to the slow average speed of the circuit.
For the first race in 1985, the FIA delegate who inspected the Wellington Street Circuit was 1960 Armstrong 500 winner John Roxburgh from Australia. He voiced serious concerns about the narrowness of the circuit as well as safety and the circuit did not pass inspection. For the race to be able to go ahead the promoters had to re-write the regulations turning the event from an international race to a national race, thus eliminating the need for FIA approval.
WTCC round (1987)
In 1987, the Nissan Mobil 500 Wellington Street Race was a round of the inaugural FIA World Touring Car Championship. The WTCC lasted only one year and was a victim of its own Group A rules. Both the factory backed BMW Motorsport (Schnitzer) and Ford (Eggenberger) teams were disqualified from some races for technical infringements. Also, Formula One boss Bernie Ecclestone had been given power over the WTCC at the last minute over the original organisers, the NZ based Strathmore Group. Ecclestone imposed a US$60,000 registration fee per car which saw only a small number of cars eligible for championship points. With some races decided by stewards hearings, the WTCC generally descended into a farce by the end of 1987 and the series was not run again in 1988. An Eggenberger Ford Sierra RS500, which had been disqualified from the 1987 Bathurst 1000, won the 1987 Wellington 500.
Continued international exposure (1988-92)
Despite the WTCC's demise, the race maintained a point of interest for international teams and drivers in the years following the WTCC event with the popularity of the Group A regulations. The 1988 event was a part of the inaugural Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship. Schnitzer Motorsport dominated the event in this period, winning four consecutive times for BMW. With three different co-drivers, each of these were won by Emanuele Pirro who became the most successful driver in the event's history.
End of Group A and final sprint rounds (1993-96)
Following the end of Group A regulations, a combined Super Touring and production formula was used in 1993 and 1994. The 1993 event was the final 500 kilometre race held, with sprint races used in 1994 and 1996. The 1994 event was again held as a round of the Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship which was run for the second and final time. After no event was held in 1995 due to a lack of funding, the circuit was used for a final time in 1996, as a non-championship event for the teams of the Australian Touring Car Championship who had moved to Group 3A Touring Cars regulations in 1993. Twelve cars competed in the event, as part of a two-event series in New Zealand which also included races at Pukekohe. The format consisted of three short sprint races, and the overall winner was John Bowe for Dick Johnson Racing.
Demise
Despite its popularity, the race never returned after 1996. The Wellington City Council cancelled the event in part because the construction of the Te Papa national museum and the Queen's Wharf Events Centre clashed with the layout of the race track route. In addition the main sponsors Mobil requested a higher level of rate payer subsidy from the City Council.
Failed revival plans
In 2004, there were plans to revive the race as a V8 Supercars event, to feed on its high popularity in New Zealand, with many popular New Zealand drivers competing in that series in Australia. As the roads where the circuit used to be have now been demolished to make way for a museum and other buildings, it would have had to be run on a new course. There was a new proposal in 2006 with a new layout. Both of the 2006 proposals were revoked through the Resource Management Act 1991.
The proposed race was eventually dropped in favour of the Hamilton 400 at the street circuit of Hamilton, which hosted V8 Supercars from 2008 to 2012 before the series returned again to Pukekohe.
Layout
During 1985-1996 the track changed layout many times. The circuit initially ran along Cable Street to the Taranaki Street Gates, and this was extended to the Herd Street Loop for the 1987 WTCC event. The extensions for 1987 also included Horseshoe Hairpin being lengthened. By 1991 the back straight (Jervois Quay) was modified to make a safer turn onto Cable Street. For 1993 the layout was forced to change due to the construction of the Queens Wharf Events Centre and Te Papa (Museum of New Zealand), which meant the loss of the "traditional" layout.
Lap Records
The fastest official race lap race lap records at the Wellington Street Circuit are listed as:
Winners
Notes
– Two separate events were held in 1987, the second of which was a round of the 1987 World Touring Car Championship.
Multiple winners
By driver
By team
By manufacturer
Gallery
See also
Hamilton 400
Pukekohe 500
Auckland SuperSprint
References
External links
Guido de Carli's track guide
Wellington V8 Westpac Stadium Track
Wellington street race proposal
E-Tracks Online Circuit Map
Touring car races
Auto races in New Zealand
Sport in Wellington City
Motorsport venues in New Zealand
Recurring sporting events established in 1985
Recurring events disestablished in 1997
World Touring Car Championship circuits
1985 establishments in New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington%20500 |
Otto Bradfisch (10 May 1903 – 22 June 1994) was an economist, a jurist, an SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant colonel), leader of Einsatzkommando 8 of Einsatzgruppe B of the Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei or SiPo) and the SD, and Commander of the Security Police in Litzmannstadt (Łódź) and Potsdam.
Early life and education
Dr. Otto Bradfisch was born in 1903 in Zweibrücken (then Palatinate district of Kingdom of Bavaria) as the second of grocery salesman Karl Bradfisch's four children. In Kaiserslautern he went to the Volksschule for four years and afterwards to the Gymnasium. In 1922, he did the school-leaving examination. At the Universities of Freiburg, Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Innsbruck Bradfisch studied economics. He ended his studies with a graduation to Dr. rer. pol. at the University of Innsbruck in 1926. Afterwards, Bradfisch studied law in Erlangen and Munich to improve his professional chances in difficult times. He sat for the state law examination on 17 February 1932, and the second on 20 September 1935.
Professional and political career
Engaged first as an Assessor in the Upper Bavarian government, he was transferred to the Bavarian State Ministry for the Interior as a Government Assessor. Already by 1 January 1931, Bradfisch had joined the NSDAP with membership number 405,869. At the time he was studying in Munich, he was working as the acting local group leader (Ortsgruppenleiter) in Munich-Freising. In 1936, he joined the National Socialist Motor Corps. On 26 September 1938, he joined the SS (membership no. 310,180) as an SS-Obersturmführer (First lieutenant).
At an acquaintance's urging, Bradfisch applied for service in the Gestapo, into which he was hired on 15 March 1937. He was also given the acting leadership of the State Police post at Neustadt an der Weinstraße. Appointed a government adviser on 4 November 1938, Bradfisch stayed there until his assignment as leader of Einsatzkommando (EK) 8, attached to Einsatzgruppe (EG) B of the Security Police and the Sicherheitsdienst in June 1941.
Leader of Einsatzkommando 8 of Einsatzgruppe B
Einsatzgruppe B was one of four Einsatzgruppen deployed for special operations during Operation Barbarossa, the attack on the Soviet Union. This Einsatzgruppe was led by SS-Brigadeführer (major general) Arthur Nebe, Chief of the Kripo, and was subdivided into Einsatzkommandos 8 and 9, and the Sonderkommandos 7a and 7b, as well as the Vorkommando Moskau. It was also attached to Army Group Middle.
The Einsatzgruppen tasks were established by oral Führer order and a written directive from Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) Chief Reinhard Heydrich on 2 July 1941, to secure areas to the advancing army's rear and the performance of standard police tasks until the establishment of a civil administration in the conquered eastern areas, and the "special handling of potential opponents", i.e. their elimination. Heydrich identified these in order: "all Comintern functionaries (all professional Communist politicians), the higher, middle and radical lower functionaries of the Party, the Central Committee and the regional and area committees, people's commissars, Jews in Party and state posts, various radical elements (saboteurs, propagandists, snipers, assassins, agitators, and so on)". This circle of persons was later expanded to all "politically intolerable elements" among prisoners of war and eventually all "racial inferiors" such as Jews, Gypsies, and "Asiatic elements".
Meant at first to take the job as staff consultant on Einsatzgruppe B's staff, Bradfisch took part in a major discussion at the Pretzsch Border Police School at which Heydrich and the Chief of RSHA Department IV (Gestapo), Heinrich Müller, explained to the Einsatzgruppe and Einsatzkommando leaders in all plainness their task. After the presentation of this instruction, which without doubt was recognized by all participants as wrongful and criminal, the originally foreseen leader of Einsatzkommando 8, the provisional leader of the Liegnitz State Police post Ernst Ehlers appealed to Einsatzgruppe B's leader Nebe with the wish to be released from this duty. Nebe complied with Ehlers's wish and appointed Bradfisch as his replacement. Bradfisch had no doubts about the work that lay ahead. The Einsatzkommando 8, led by Bradfisch from the beginning of the Russian Campaign onwards, consisted of six subdivisions varying in strength, each under an SS leader. The unit's total strength was about 60 to 80 men. In view of his official position as government adviser and Leader of the Neustadt an der Weinstraße State Police post, Bradfisch, as the EK 8 leader, was awarded the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer (major).
With the onset of the Russian Campaign on 22 June 1941, the EK 8 followed Army Group Middle through Białystok and Baranavičy in late 1941 to Minsk. On 9 September 1941 they reached Mahilyow where, given the slowdown that the German offensive had suffered, and the forthcoming winter, plans were made for a lengthy stay.
As to the ways of doing things whereby the EK 8 fulfilled the tasks that it was ordered to do, and which were more or less the same for every Einsatzkommando, the Munich State Court I in their ruling of 21 July 1961 at the Einsatzgruppe Trial portrayed them as follows:
In carrying out the order to annihilate the Jewish eastern population as well as other population groups considered to be racially inferior, and functionaries of the Russian CP, the EK 8, after crossing the demarcation line between the German Reich and the Soviet Union established in the year 1939, conducted ongoing shooting campaigns, in which mainly Jews were killed. (…) The gathering of the Jews in each of the effected places – as the usage of the time had it, the "maintenance" ("Überholung") – happened in such a way that the locality or street was surrounded by some members of the Einsatzkommando and then next the victims were driven together out of their houses and flats randomly by other Kommando members. The victims were then either transported right after being taken prisoner by truck to the shooting places already established beforehand, or held prisoner in suitable buildings (schools, factories) or other localities, until they were then shot the next day or a few days later. Already in these so-called "through-combing actions" ("Durchkämmungsaktionen") it came to bodily mishandling and in the odd case even to killing old and sick people who could not walk, and who were thus shot in their dwellings or right nearby.
The mass shootings took place in each case outside the "maintained" town or locality, where natural hollows, abandoned infantry and artillery posts, and above all armoured dugouts or mass graves dug by the victims themselves, served as execution places. At the executions that happened in the first few weeks of the Russian Campaign, only men aged about 18 to 65 were killed, whereas women and children were often spared at first. Beginning in August 1941 at the latest, however – already at the shootings in Minsk – they furthermore switched over to killing men and women of all ages, and even children. After completing the preparations, the victims, who were offloaded from the trucks right near the shooting pit and who had to sit on the ground awaiting the further events, were either brought forth to the pit by EK 8 members, or driven forth through laneways built by Kommando members to the pits, if needed with the help of blows. After they had first given up their things of value and pieces of clothing that were in good condition, unless this had already happened when they were taken prisoner, they then had to lay themselves with their faces to the ground, and were then killed with shots to the back of the head. In the earlier shooting campaigns (Białystok, Baranavičy, Minsk) but also occasionally even later on the occasion of major actions, execution squads were put together from Einsatzkommando members and policemen assigned to them, which in strength matched in each case the numbers of the groups of people driven to the shooting pit, or in the odd case even possessed twice the strength, so that in each case, one shooter or two shooters had to shoot at one victim. These shooting squads, which were armed with carbines(Karabiner 98kurz), were put together mostly from policemen and commanded by a platoon leader from the police unit put under him who was appropriate to the command given him by the EK 8 leadership. At these executions undertaken by shooting squads it occasionally came to pass that the victims had to put themselves at the edge of the pit, to be then "shot into" the pit.
In the course of the deployment, there was an ever greater changeover from shooting with rifle salvos to killing the intended people with single shots or machine pistols. The grounds for this lay in the claim that shooting with rifle salvos took a relatively long time, and moreover, the force of the shots delivered from the shortest distance was so violent that the shooting squad and sundry other persons participating in the action were sprayed with the killed people's blood and bits of brain, a circumstance which raised the mental burden of the men on the execution squad, which was already extraordinary anyway, that often there were misses and therefore the victims' suffering was prolonged.
The shootings with machine pistols were carried out as a rule in such a way that the Einsatzkommando members in the pit designated to carry out the execution went along the row of persons to be shot, killing one victim after another with shots to the back of the head. This method of execution inevitably led to some of the victims having to wait a longer time lying on badly or not at all buried dead bodies, with certain death before their eyes, until they themselves were given the death shot. In some cases, the killing of the victims was carried out in such a way that they were brought to the shooting place double-quick, thrust into the pit, and then, while they were falling, they were shot. While at the shootings in Białystok and Baranavičy, and partly still at the executions in Minsk, the dead bodies were more or less well covered with sand or earth before the next group were driven or led to the pit, such a covering only seldom took place in the later shooting campaigns, so that the victims that followed, if they were shot in the pit, each had to lay themselves down on the dead bodies of those who had just been killed. But also in cases in which the dead bodies had had sand or earth thrown over them lightly, the victims that followed noticed their killed fellow doomed people's bodies, whose parts often jutted out of the thin sand or earth covering. A doctor was not called in to the executions. If one of the victims still showed signs of life, he was administered an aftershot with a pistol by a Kommando member, usually a leader.
The execution places were each sealed off by Einsatzkommando members or police officials subordinate to them, so that for the people right near the shooting pit waiting for their deaths there was no possibility of escaping their doom. In fact, they had the opportunity – this circumstance demonstrates a particular intensification of their suffering – to hear the crack of rifle salvos or machine pistol shots and in the odd case to observe the shootings to which neighbours, friends and kin fell victim.
Given this ghastly fate, the victims often broke out in loud crying and moaning, prayed loudly and tried to reaffirm their innocence. Some, however, went quietly and calmly to their deaths.
Criminal actions
Bradfisch was as leader of the EK 8 responsible for all measures and executions. To some extent, he led the executions, and in the odd case even shot with his own hand. Some examples follow:
Białystok, two shooting campaigns of at least 1100 Jews and Bolshevist functionaries
Baranavičy, two shooting campaigns of at least 381 Jews
Minsk, seven Jew shootings of at least 2000 people
Mahilyow, eight shooting campaigns of at least 4100 Jewish men, women and children as well as Russian prisoners of war
Babruysk, major action, in which at least 5000 Jewish men, women and children were shot.
About his Einsatzkommando's activities, Bradfisch had to report to the higher-ranking Einsatzgruppe B, who sent the RSHA these reports compiled with those from the other Einsatzkommandos. There, the individual reports were condensed into the so-called event reports by Office IV A.
Security Police and SD Commander
Bradfisch was active as EK 8 leader until 1 April 1942. On 26 April 1942 he was transferred to Łódź – which the Nazis called Litzmannstadt – and appointed chief of the State Police post there. In this function he was also responsible for deporting Jews to the Chełmno extermination camp. He became the area Commander of the Security Police and the SD in summer 1942. In autumn of the same year came his provisional appointment as Łódź's mayor. In this capacity he was also promoted to high government adviser and SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant colonel) on 25 January 1943.
War's end
After the city's evacuation due to the war in December 1944, Bradfisch worked as Commander of the Security Police and the SD in Potsdam for the last few months of the war. As the Red Army closed in, Bradfisch managed to escape westwards, procuring for himself a Wehrmacht pay book with junior officer Karl Evers's name on it. He first found himself in American custody as a prisoner of war, but was then transferred to British custody, and by August 1945, he was released.
Post war
Until 1953, Bradfisch managed to hide his true identity by using the name Karl Evers. He worked first in farming and later in mining. When Bradfisch became an insurance agent in Kaiserslautern, eventually for Hamburg-Mannheimer as a regional director, he once again began using his true name. On 21 April 1958, Bradfisch was temporarily seized and sentenced by the Munich State Court I on 21 July 1961 to 10 years in labour prison (Zuchthaus) for the crime, committed with Bradfisch as part of a group, of abetting collaborative murder in 15,000 cases. In 1963, he was sentenced to 13 years in prison. Bradfisch and his wife, who were married on 23 November 1932, had three children, the youngest of whom, a girl born in Łódź, died as they were fleeing the Soviet army advance.
Bradfisch was released from prison in July 1969. He died in Seeshaupt in 1994, aged 91.
Literature
Krausnick, Helmut und Wilhelm, Hans-Heinrich: Die Truppe des Weltanschauungkrieges. Die Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD 1938 - 1942, Stuttgart 1981, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt,
Klein, Peter (publisher): Die Einsatzgruppen in der besetzten Sowjetunion 1941/42. Die Tätigkeits- und Lageberichte des Chefs der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD, Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1997
References
External links
Biography and picture of Bradfisch (in Italian)
1903 births
1994 deaths
Einsatzgruppen personnel
Gestapo personnel
Heidelberg University alumni
Holocaust perpetrators in Belarus
Jurists from Rhineland-Palatinate
Lawyers in the Nazi Party
Leipzig University alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Mayors of Łódź
National Socialist Motor Corps members
Nazi Party officials
Nazis convicted of war crimes
People from Zweibrücken
SS-Obersturmbannführer
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
University of Freiburg alumni
University of Innsbruck alumni
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
German mass murderers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Bradfisch |
Clarksboro is an unincorporated community and historic area located in the municipality of East Greenwich Township in Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Education
East Greenwich Township School District serves grades K-6 with students in 7-12 served by Kingsway Regional School District.
Guardian Angels Regional School is a K-8 school that operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden. Its PreK-3 campus is in Gibbstown while its 4-8 campus is in Paulsboro.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Clarksboro include:
Danielson (1995–present), family indie rock band
Rachel Davis DuBois (1892–1993), educator, human rights activist and pioneer of intercultural education.
George Gill Green (1842–1925), patent medicine manufacturer
Amos J. Peaslee (1887–1969), politician, military official, author, and diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Australia
Hardy Richardson (1855-1931), Major League Baseball player
Points of interest
Eglington Cemetery
Hollingshead Airport
References
East Greenwich Township, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Gloucester County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarksboro%2C%20New%20Jersey |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1980.
1–100
SI 1980/1 The Industrial Training Levy (Rubber and Plastics Processing) Order 1980
SI 1980/2 The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 54) (South Yorkshire) Order 1980 [C. 1]
SI 1980/3 The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 26) (South Yorkshire) Order 1980
SI 1980/4 The Butter and Concentrated Butter Prices (Amendment) Order 1980
SI 1980/5 The Insurance Companies (Valuation of Assets) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/6 The Insurance Companies (Accounts and Statements) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/7 The Medicines (General Sale List) Amendment Order 1980
SI 1980/8 The Weights and Measures (Marking of Goods and Abbreviations of Units) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/9
SI 1980/10
SI 1980/11
SI 1980/12 The Importation of Embryos, Ova and Semen Order 1980
SI 1980/13 The Social Security (Contributions, Re-rating) Consequential Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/14 The Importation of Animal Products and Poultry Products Order 1980
SI 1980/15 The Child Benefit (Determination of Claims and Questions) Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/16 The Medicines (Fees) Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/17
SI 1980/18
SI 1980/19 The Bingo Duty (Exemptions) Order 1980
SI 1980/20
SI 1980/21
SI 1980/22
SI 1980/23
SI 1980/24 The Medicines (Prescription Only) Amendment Order 1980
SI 1980/25 The Diseases of Animals (Approved Disinfectants) Amendment Order 1980
SI 1980/26 The Protection from Execution (Prescribed Value) Order 1980
SI 1980/27 The Gaming Clubs (Hours and Charges) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/28 The Gaming Act (Variation of Monetary Limits) Order 1980
SI 1980/29 The Amusements with Prizes (Variation of Monetary Limits) Order 1980
SI 1980/30 The National Health Service (Vocational Training) (Scotland) Regulations 1980 [S. 1]
SI 1980/31 The Housing Finance (Rent allowance Subsidy) Order 1980
SI 1980/32 The Parish of Penzance Order 1980
SI 1980/33
SI 1980/34
SI 1980/35 The Anti-Dumping Duty (Temporary Suspension) Order 1980
SI 1980/36 The Chloroform in Food Regulations 1980
SI 1980/37 The Rate Support Grant (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/38
SI 1980/39
SI 1980/40 The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 27) (Bedfordshire) Order 1980
SI 1980/41 The Town and Country Planning (Commencement No. 55) (Bedfordshire) Order 1980 [C. 2]
SI 1980/42 The Kincardine and Deeside District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/43 The District of Forest of Dean (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/44 The Opencast Coal (Rate of Interest on Compensation) Order 1980
SI 1980/45 The Savings Certificates (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/46
SI 1980/47
SI 1980/48 The Milk (Great Britain) Order 1980
SI 1980/49 The Milk (Northern Ireland) Order 1980
SI 1980/50 The Consumer Credit Act 1974 (Commencement No. 6) Order 1980 [C. 3]
SI 1980/51 The Consumer Credit (Total Charge for Credit) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/52 The Consumer Credit (Exempt Agreements) Order 1980
SI 1980/53 The Consumer Credit (Exempt Advertisements) Order 1980
SI 1980/54 The Consumer Credit (Advertisements) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/55 The Consumer Credit (Quotations) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/56
SI 1980/57 The Rate Support Grant Order 1979
SI 1980/58 The Rate Support Grant (Increase) Order 1979
SI 1980/59 The Rate Support Grant (Increase) (No. 2) Order 1979
SI 1980/60
SI 1980/61 The Royal Navy Terms of Service (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/62 The Insurance Brokers Registration Council Election Scheme Approval Order 1980
SI 1980/63 The City of Salford (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/64 The Rate Support Grant (Scotland) Order 1979 [S. 2]
SI 1980/65 The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 56) (South Glamorgan) Order 1980 [C. 4]
SI 1980/66 The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 28) (South Glamorgan) Order 1980
SI 1980/67 The Customs Duties (ECSC) Order 1980
SI 1980/68
SI 1980/69
SI 1980/70 The Commissioners for Oaths (Fees) Order 1980
SI 1980/71 The Pensioners' Lump Sum Payments (Claims) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/72
SI 1980/73 The Housing Support Grant (Scotland) Order 1980 [S. 5]
SI 1980/74
SI 1980/75 The Housing Support Grant (Scotland) Variation Order 1980 [S. 4]
SI 1980/76 The Public Service Vehicles and Trolley Vehicles (Carrying Capacity) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/77
SI 1980/78
SI 1980/79 The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Order 1980
SI 1980/80 The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (Compensation) Order 1980
SI 1980/81 The Appointment of Ports (Forth, Tay and Arbroath) Order 1980
SI 1980/82 The Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/83 The Public Lending Right Act 1979 (Commencement) Order 1980 [C. 5]
SI 1980/84 The Act of Sederunt (Sessions of Court and Sederunt Days) 1980 [S. 6]
SI 1980/85 The Borough of Wolverhampton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/86
SI 1980/87
SI 1980/88 The Aviation Security Fund (Second Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/89
SI 1980/90
SI 1980/91
SI 1980/92
SI 1980/93
SI 1980/94
SI 1980/95
SI 1980/96 The Designs (Amendment) Rules 1980
SI 1980/97 The Farm and Horticulture Development (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/98 The Local Authorities (Allowances) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980 [S. 7]
SI 1980/99 The West Lothian District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/100
101–200
SI 1980/101 The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 57) (Northamptonshire) Order 1980 [C. 6]
SI 1980/102 The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 29) (Northamptonshire) Order 1980
SI 1980/103 The Farm Capital Grant (Variation) Scheme 1980
SI 1980/104 The Horticulture Capital Grant (Variation) Scheme 1980
SI 1980/105
SI 1980/106
SI 1980/107 The National Health Service (General Ophthalmic Services) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980 [S. 8]
SI 1980/108 The Magistrates' Courts (Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders) (Hague Convention Countries) Rules 1980 [L. 1]
SI 1980/109 The Financial Assistance for Industry (Increase of Limit) Order 1979
SI 1980/110 The Child Benefit and Social Security (Fixing and Adjustment of Rates) Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/111 The Road Traffic Accidents (Payments for Treatment) (England and Wales) Order 1980
SI 1980/112
SI 1980/113
SI 1980/114 The Income Tax (Excess Interest as Distributions) Order 1980
SI 1980/115
SI 1980/116 The Road Vehicles Lighting (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/117
SI 1980/118
SI 1980/119
SI 1980/120
SI 1980/121
SI 1980/122
SI 1980/123
SI 1980/124 The Non-marketing of Milk and Milk Products and the Dairy Herd Conversion Premiums (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/125 The Poisons List Order 1980
SI 1980/126
SI 1980/127 The Poisons (Amendment) Rules 1980
SI 1980/128
SI 1980/129
SI 1980/130
SI 1980/131
SI 1980/132
SI 1980/133
SI 1980/134
SI 1980/135
SI 1980/136 The Dangerous Substances and Preparations (Safety) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/137 The Patents (Amendment) Rules 1980
SI 1980/138 The Borough of Hinckley and Bosworth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/139 The Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/140 The Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/141 The Public Service Vehicles (Conditions of Fitness, Equipment and Use (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/142 The Minibus (Conditions of Fitness, Equipment and Use (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/143 The Gaming Clubs (Hours and Charges) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/144 The Community Bus (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/145 The African Swine Fever Order 1980
SI 1980/146 The African Swine Fever (Compensation) Order 1980
SI 1980/147
SI 1980/148 The Gaming Act (Variation of Monetary Limits) (Scotland) Order 1980 [S. 11]
SI 1980/149 The Amusements with Prizes (Variation of Monetary Limits) (Scotland) Order 1980 [S. 12]
SI 1980/150 The Industrial Training Levy (Petroleum) Order 1980
SI 1980/151
SI 1980/152
SI 1980/153 The Heathrow Airport–London Noise Insulation Grants Scheme 1980
SI 1980/154 The Gatwick Airport—London Noise Insulation Grants Scheme 1980(
SI 1980/155
SI 1980/156
SI 1980/157
SI 1980/158
SI 1980/159
SI 1980/160 The Misuse of Drugs (Licence Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/161
SI 1980/162
SI 1980/163
SI 1980/164
SI 1980/165
SI 1980/166
SI 1980/167
SI 1980/168 The Measuring Instruments (EEC Requirements) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/169 The Removal and Disposal of Vehicles (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/170 The Water Authorities and National Water Council (Limit for Borrowing) Order 1980
SI 1980/171
SI 1980/172
SI 1980/173
SI 1980/174 The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 58) (South East Dorset) Order 1980 [C. 7]
SI 1980/175 The Town and Country Planning (Repeal of Provisions No. 30) (South East Dorset) Order 1980
SI 1980/176
SI 1980/177
SI 1980/178 The Church Representation Rules (Amendment) Resolution 1980
SI 1980/179 The Industrial Training Levy (Rubber and Plastics Processing Industry) Order 1980
SI 1980/180 The Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/181 The District of North Devon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/182 The Car Tax (Isle of Man) Order 1980
SI 1980/183 The Value Added Tax (Isle of Man) Order 1980
SI 1980/184 The Continental Shelf (Jurisdiction) Order 1980
SI 1980/185 The Argentine Republic (Extradition) (Amendment) Order 1980
SI 1980/186 The Foreign Compensation (Financial Provisions) Order 1980
SI 1980/187 The INMARSAT (Immunities and Privileges) Order 1980
SI 1980/188 The Civil Aviation Act 1971 (Isle of Man) (Amendment) Order 1980
SI 1980/189 The Independent Broadcasting Authority Act 1979 (Channel Islands) Order 1980
SI 1980/190 The Theatres (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 [N.I. 1]
SI 1980/191 The European Communities (Definition of Treaties) (Multilateral Trade Negotiations) Order 1980
SI 1980/192 The Fiduciary Note Issue (Extension of Period) Order 1980
SI 1980/193 The Local Government (Allowances) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/194
SI 1980/195
SI 1980/196 The Borough of Brighton (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/197 The British Nationality (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/198 The Local Government Superannuation (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980 [S. 16]
SI 1980/199
SI 1980/200
201–300
SI 1980/201
SI 1980/202
SI 1980/203
SI 1980/204
SI 1980/205
SI 1980/206
SI 1980/207
SI 1980/208 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Commencement No. 5) Order 1980 [C. 8]
SI 1980/209 The City of Aberdeen District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/210 The Kirkcaldy District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/211 The Agricultural Levy Reliefs (Frozen Beef and Veal) Order 1980
SI 1980/212
SI 1980/213
SI 1980/214 The Industrial Training Levy (Wool, Jute and Flax) Order 1980
SI 1980/215
SI 1980/216 The Local Government Superannuation (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/217
SI 1980/218
SI 1980/219
SI 1980/220
SI 1980/221 The Trade Marks (Amendment) Rules 1980
SI 1980/222 The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval) (Great Britain) (Fees) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/223 The Motor Vehicles (Type Approval and Approval Marks) (Fees) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/224
SI 1980/225 The Cycle Racing on Highways (Special Authorisation) (England and Wales) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/226
SI 1980/227
SI 1980/228
SI 1980/229 The Water Authorities (Collection of Charges) Order 1980
SI 1980/230 The Industrial Training Levy (Air Transport and Travel) Order 1980
SI 1980/231 The District of Redditch (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/232 The Banff and Buchan District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/233 The Local Government Superannuation (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/234 The Local Government Superannuation (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/235 The Development Board for Rural Wales (Financial Limit) Order 1980
SI 1980/236
SI 1980/237
SI 1980/238
SI 1980/239
SI 1980/240
SI 1980/241 The Marriage Fees (Scotland) Regulations 1980 [S. 17]
SI 1980/242 The Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Fees) (Scotland) Order 1980 [S. 18]
SI 1980/243 The Southern Rhodesia (Constitution of Zimbabwe) (Elections and Appointments) (Amendment) Order 1980
SI 1980/244 The Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Fees) (Scotland) Regulations 1980 [S. 19]
SI 1980/245 The Customs Duties (Quota Relief) Order 1980
SI 1980/246 The Weights and Measures (Milk and Solid Fuel Vending Machines) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/247 The Remuneration of Teachers (Further Education) Order 1980
SI 1980/248
SI 1980/249 The Ironstone Restoration Fund (Rates of Contribution) Order 1980
SI 1980/250 The Ironstone Restoration Fund (Standard Rate) Order 1980
SI 1980/251 The Continental Shelf (Protection of Installations) Order 1980
SI 1980/252
SI 1980/253
SI 1980/254 The Industrial Training Levy (Iron and Steel) Order 1980
SI 1980/255 The Industrial Training Levy (Distributive Board) Order 1980
SI 1980/256
SI 1980/257 The Sugar Beet (Research and Education) Order 1980
SI 1980/258 The Roxburgh District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/259
SI 1980/260
SI 1980/261
SI 1980/262
SI 1980/263 The Medicines (Chloroform Prohibition) Amendment Order 1980
SI 1980/264 The National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/265 The Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Fees) Order 1980
SI 1980/266 The Community Road Transport Rules (Exemptions) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/267 The Valuation Timetable (Scotland) Amendment Order 1980 [S. 21]
SI 1980/268 The Community Service by Offenders (Scotland) Act 1978 (Commencement No. 2) Order 1980 [C. 9] [S. 22]
SI 1980/269 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Commencement No. 6) Order 1980 [C. 10] [S. 23]
SI 1980/270 The Merchant Shipping (Fees) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/271 The Gedling (Parishes) Order 1980
SI 1980/272 The Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/273 The Firemen's Pension Scheme (Amendment) Order 1980
SI 1980/274
SI 1980/275
SI 1980/276
SI 1980/277
SI 1980/278
SI 1980/279 The Anti-Dumping Duty (Revocation) Order 1980
SI 1980/280 The Merchant Shipping (Sterling Equivalents) (Various Enactments) Order 1980
SI 1980/281 The Carriage by Air (Sterling Equivalents) Order 1980
SI 1980/282 The Merchant Shipping (Tonnage) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/283 The Medicines (Exemptions from Restrictions on the Retail Sale or Supply of Veterinary Drugs) (Amendment) Order 1980
SI 1980/284
SI 1980/285
SI 1980/286 The Building (Prescribed Fees) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/287 The Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/288 The Occupational Pension Schemes (Public Service Pension Schemes) (Amendment) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/289 The Chloroform in Food (Scotland) Regulations 1980
SI 1980/290 Act of Sederunt (Rules of Court Amendment No. 1) (Adoption Proceedings) 1980 [S. 26]
SI 1980/291 Act of Sederunt (Reciprocal Enforcement of Maintenance Orders) (Hague Convention Countries) 1980 [S. 27]
SI 1980/292 The Industrial Training Levy (Knitting, Lace and Net) Order 1980
SI 1980/293
SI 1980/294
SI 1980/295 The Road Traffic Accidents (Payments for Treatment) (Scotland) Order 1980
SI 1980/296 The National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980
SI 1980/297 The City of Bristol (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980
SI 1980/298 The Amusements with Prizes (Variation of Fees) Order 1980
SI 1980/299 The Gaming Act (Variation of Fees) Order 1980
SI 1980/300 The Town and Country Planning Act 1971 (Commencement No. 59) (Salop) Order 1980 [C. 11]
301–400
The Parish of Newark Order 1980 S.I. 1980/302
Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) (Fees) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/330
The Borough of North Tyneside (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/339
The West Derbyshire (Parishes) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/363
The Lichfield (Parishes) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/387
County Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/397 (N.I. 3)
401–500
The City of Wakefield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/408
The Lancaster (Parishes) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/415
Import and Export (Plant Health) (Great Britain) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/420
The District of South Bucks (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/428
The Borough of Slough (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/429
The Borough of South Tyneside (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/430
The Borough of Dudley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/447
501–600
The Borough of Tewkesbury (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/516
Merchant Shipping (Radio Installations) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/529
Merchant Shipping (Navigational Equipment) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/530
Merchant Shipping (Passenger Ship Construction) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/535
Merchant Shipping (Life-Saving Appliances) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/538
Merchant Shipping (Closing of Openings in Hulls and Watertight Bulkheads) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/540
Merchant Shipping (Musters) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/542
Merchant Shipping (Pilot Ladders and Hoists) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/543
Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/544
Bankruptcy Amendment (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/561 (N.I. 4)
Domestic Proceedings (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/563 (N.I. 5)
The District of Rother (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/581
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/586
The City of Birmingham (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/594
The Moray District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/599
601–700
The District of West Dorset (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/643
The District of Arun (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/652
The District of Mid Sussex (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/653
Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings (General) (Amendment) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/661
Merchant Shipping (Code of Safe Working Practices) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/686
701–800
Criminal Justice (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/704 (N.I. 9)
The London Borough of Enfield (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/732
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/733
The County of Northumberland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/738
The District of Suffolk Coastal (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/739
The Borough of Sunderland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/756
The District of Caradon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/757
Customs and Excise (Community Transit) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/762
Motorcycles (Sound Level Measurement Certificates) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/765
The Borough of Charnwood (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/777
The District of North West Leicestershire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/778
The District of Waveney (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/795
801–900
The District of Wycombe (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/842
Bees (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/869 (N.I. 7)
Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/870 (N.I. 8)
901–1000
Education (Areas to which Pupils belong) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/917
Customs and Excise (Community Transit) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/980
1001–1100
The City of Newcastle upon Tyne (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1054
Measuring Instruments (EEC Requirements) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1058
The Borough of Gateshead (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1069
Treatment of Offenders (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1084 (N.I. 10)
Roads (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1085 (N.I. 11)
Private Streets (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1086 (N.I. 12)
Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (Interim Provisions) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1092
1101–1200
Price Marking (Petrol) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1121
The District of Wimborne (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1128
The Eastwood District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1132
Motor Vehicles (Type Approval) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1182
The City of Dundee District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1196
1201–1300
National Health Service (General Dental Services) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1220
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1248
The Parish of Congleton Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1285
The County of Shropshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1297
Agriculture and Horticulture Development Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1298
1301–1400
Pensions Increase (Review) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1302
The Ross and Cromarty District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1318
Secure Tenancies (Notices) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1339
The District of East Cambridgeshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1340
The District of Blaby (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1341
The District of South Oxfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1343
The County of Nottinghamshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1344
1401–1500
The Borough of Knowsley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1402
Family Income Supplements (General) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1437
Family Income Supplements (Claims and Payments) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1438
The Borough of Kirklees (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1463
The District of North Dorset (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1487
1501–1600
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1503
The North Wiltshire and Thamesdown (Areas) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1558
The County of Isle of Wight (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1572
Supplementary Benefit (Duplication and Overpayment) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1580
1601–1700
Police Pensions (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1616
Legal Aid (Assessment of Resources) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1630
Supplementary Benefit (Trade Disputes and Recovery from Earnings) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1641
Supplementary Benefit (Determination of Questions) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1643
Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings (General) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1651
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) (Scotland) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1674
The Angus District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1680
The Monklands District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1681
Rent Act 1977 (Forms etc.) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1697
1701–1800
The County of Staffordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1702
Control of Pollution (Special Waste) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1709
The County of Somerset (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1725
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) (No. 2) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1753
The County of Hertfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1769
Legal Aid (Scotland) (General) Amendment Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1791
Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1792
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Assessment of Resources) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1793
1801–1900
The County of Cheshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1805
The Lochaber District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1827
The County of Lincolnshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1829
The County of Surrey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1830
Wireless Telegraphy (Exemption) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1848
Food Labelling Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1849
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1980 S.I. 1980/1858
The North Wolds (Parishes) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1876
Legal Aid (General) Regulations 1980 S.I. 1980/1894
Legal Advice and Assistance Regulations (No. 2) 1980 S.I. 1980/1898
1901–2000
The Oxfordshire and Wiltshire (Areas) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1919
The Manchester and Trafford (Areas) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1920
The Great Gaddesden (Areas) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1939
Financial Provisions (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1959 (N.I. 17)
The County of Derbyshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/1985
2000–
Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977 (Commencement No. 3) Order 1980 S.I. 1980/2024
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201980 |
is a Japanese band composed of the singer and songwriter and the musical composer . The band's name, "Minawo", is a portmanteau of the given names of the bandmates, Minako, and Mitsuwo. Minawo is known in anime circles for performing the ending themes to both D.N.Angel and Melody of Oblivion.
Minawo was formed in 1999 after Matsuura and Yamaguchi met in a club while both were attending University of Kitakyushu.
Discography
自主製作 (jishu seisaku, literally, independent production) (demo) (1999)
プラスチックワールド (purasutikku wārudo, plastic world) mini album, (2001)
mon・mon, (2002)
あしあと (ashiato, footprints), (2004)
VALB NEXT, (2004)
あくび工房 (akubi kōbō, yawn workshop) mini album (2007)
Singles
眠り (nemuri, literally, sleep), (2001)
GROOVE ROCK vol. 1, (2002)
やさしい午後 (yasashii gogo, gentle afternoon) - D.N.Angel, ending theme 1. (2003)
はじまりの日 (hajimari no hi, the day it begins) - D.N.Angel, ending theme 2. (2003)
てのひらの光 (tenohira no hikari, palm of light) - Melody of Oblivion ending theme. (2004)
ピアノ楽譜 (piano gakufu, piano score) 2004
Compilations
D.N.Angel Vocal Collection (2003)
Melody of Oblivion OST (2004)
References
External links
Japanese pop music groups
Shibuya-kei musicians
Rock music duos
Musical groups from Fukuoka Prefecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minawo |
In differential geometry, the term curvature tensor may refer to:
the Riemann curvature tensor of a Riemannian manifold — see also Curvature of Riemannian manifolds;
the curvature of an affine connection or covariant derivative (on tensors);
the curvature form of an Ehresmann connection: see Ehresmann connection, connection (principal bundle) or connection (vector bundle). It is the one of the numbers that are important in the Einstein field equations.
See also
Tensor (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvature%20tensor |
Bad Influence! is a 1990s British factual television programme broadcast on CITV from 1992 to 1996, produced in Leeds by Yorkshire Television. It looked at video games and computer technology, and was described as a "kid’s Tomorrow's World". It was shown on Thursday afternoons and had a run of four series of between 13 and 15 shows, each of 20 minutes duration. For three of the four series, it had the highest ratings of any CITV programme at the time. Its working title was Deep Techies, a colloquial term derived from 'techies' basically meaning technology-obsessed individuals. The show's finished title was a reference to how video games were often viewed by the UK press at the time.
Format
Bad Influence! began during the 16 bit-era of computer and video gaming, and featured in-depth news, previews and reviews about the very latest in gaming and computer technology. The series ran long enough to feature the launch of the Nintendo 64 console (then acknowledged by its working title, the Ultra 64) in its fourth and final series. The show was originally presented by then children's TV presenters Violet Berlin and Andy Crane (former Children's BBC presenter), who were studio based, and US teen actor Z Wright, who filed location reports from the US for the first three series. There was also a cheats segment character called Nam Rood (which is "door man" backwards, played by Andy Wear), an anarchic "furtler" who lived in a shed in the first two series, and then in the basement for Series 3. He would give viewers gaming cheats (written on cards he would stick to his forehead) in between mock experiment comedy sketches three times per episode. He would always greet viewers with his trademark catchphrases "slimy furtlers" and "scrotty furtlers", the term "furtler" equating to the term "techie". In one 1995 episode he gave a “cheat for Sonic Six”, which did not exist at the time (and neither does today) and thus was a joke. It allowed the user to play “The forest level” as the new character “Elbows the Squirrel”.
Other features included three game reviews per episode by teenagers local to the area where Bad Influence! was produced, namely the city of Leeds in West Yorkshire. Although these teenagers stints on the show varied, a small number appeared in all four series of the programme. Each game was given two separate scores, one from the girls and one from the boys. Although the majority of mid-programme reports were filed from the US by Z Wright, they were sometimes filed by Violet Berlin and on rare occasions by Andy Crane, in place of Z Wright. The programme usually focused on PC and Amiga segments early on in an episode, with more console-based segments later on. There was also a weekly competition towards the end of the programme, directly before one of the show's most distinctive features - the 'Datablast' sequence. The Datablast - which viewers were encouraged to record on their video recorders - consisted of a number of pages of gaming articles and information that were flashed rapidly onto the screen during the credits. Viewers could then read the pages by replaying it in slow motion on their video player. The information consisted of a watered down version of most of that episodes features, as well as some exclusive content, such as Top Ten video games charts.
In Series 1, a spin-off Bad Influence! magazine was launched by Europress and promoted on the show, however only two editions were ever published.
In Series 2, as part of a report, Violet Berlin was included as a character in the Mega Drive game Micro Machines 2. She was also included in another video game in Series 4.
In Series 3, the show experienced a revamp. The virtual reality title sequence and credits, which by the end of Series 2 had begun to look somewhat dated, were replaced by a new, industrial-style title sequence, influenced by the mega-flop beat-em-up Rise of the Robots. There was also a remixed, industrial-style theme tune and a slightly more anarchic feel to the show, suggesting it was now targeting a slightly older teen audience. This demographic refocusing was in tune with gaming trends which were moving more towards older teens and younger adults, yet at odds with CITV viewer trends which showed that CITV audiences were actually getting younger. Also in Series 3, the Datablast section only appeared once, at the end of the series, which would prove to be its final appearance. Also making their final appearance were Z Wright and Nam Rood.
In Series 4, the final series, Z Wright had been replaced by Violet Berlin presenting global reports (rather than solely US reports) and she was also granted her own slot, called Virtual Violet. Back in the studio, Crane was now joined by new co-presenter Sonya Saul. Nam Rood and the Datablast had both been discarded. In the final edition, Berlin, Crane and Saul all presented together in the studio, the only time this ever occurred.
Shortly after the 4th series ended, a report on the now defunct television information service Teletext reported that plans were afoot to remarket Bad Influence! at a younger audience if it were to get a Series 5. However these plans were never implemented, most likely because gamers were getting older whilst CITV's audience was getting younger, and so would have had little appeal to CITV's increasingly younger audience. Subsequently, a fifth series was not commissioned and the show was axed.
Transmissions
Apart from two weeks over the Christmas period in the first series, the transmission of each series was uninterrupted until Series 4. Whilst the first three series aired on Thursdays, Series 4 was the only one to air on Wednesdays (except the final episode, which aired on a Tuesday). The run was interrupted several times, with no episodes broadcast on 18 October 1995, 22 November 1995 or 20 December 1995. There was a three-week gap between the penultimate and final episodes of Series 4. The final episode then went out on 2 January 1996, the only episode to air that year.
Bad Level 10
A spin-off series called Bad Level 10 aired on The Children's Channel.
Series 1: (26 episodes, each 10 minutes long) broadcast from 20 February 1995, and presented by Violet Berlin, alongside "assistant presenter" Steve Keen, who was originally a researcher on Bad Influence! The series, like its parent programme, was also produced by Patrick Titley and Yorkshire Television.
References
External links
Archived Bad Influence Magazines on the Internet Archive
Bad Influence episodes on the Internet Archive
1992 British television series debuts
1996 British television series endings
1990s British children's television series
English-language television shows
ITV children's television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
Television series by Yorkshire Television
Television shows about video games
Video gaming in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Influence%21 |
The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is the agency of the government of New York City responsible for the management of much of New York City's transportation infrastructure. Ydanis Rodriguez is the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation, and was appointed by Mayor Eric Adams on January 1, 2022. Former Commissioners have included Polly Trottenberg, Janette Sadik-Khan, and Iris Weinshall. Their Training Center is located at 140 General R W Berry Dr, Queens, NY 11359, off of Exit 32 of the Cross Island Parkway.
Responsibilities
The Department of Transportation's responsibilities include day-to-day maintenance of the city's streets, highways, bridges, sidewalks, street signs, traffic signals, and street lights. DOT supervises street resurfacing, pothole repair, parking meter installation and maintenance, and municipal parking facility management. DOT also operates the Staten Island Ferry. DOT is the exclusive provider of day-to-day operations and maintenance on state-maintained roads and highways in city limits, while major repairs and capital improvements on state-owned roads are performed by the State DOT (NYSDOT). Both DOT and NYSDOT reserve the right to install signage, signals, and other roadway features on state highways, which then become maintained on a daily basis by DOT. DOT sets the speed limit on all roads and highways in the city, including those owned by NYSDOT.
DOT is also responsible for oversight of transportation-related issues, such as authorizing jitney van services and permits for street construction. DOT also advocates for transportation safety issues, including promotion of pedestrian and bicycle safety.
Its regulations are compiled in title 34 of the New York City Rules.
Traffic and street lights
The first traffic lights in New York City originated from traffic towers installed along Fifth Avenue in Manhattan in the 1910s. The first such towers were installed in 1920 and were replaced in 1929 by bronze traffic signals. , the DOT oversaw 12,460 intersections citywide with traffic lights. By 2017, the DOT controlled nearly 13,000 signalized intersections, almost all of which had pedestrian signals; of these, over half (7,507) had countdown timers for pedestrians. In addition, 635 signalized intersections under the DOT's control had exclusive pedestrian phases .
, the DOT maintained 548 accessible pedestrian signals for blind and visually impaired pedestrians. The first such signals were installed in 1957, but few accessible signals were added for the next half-century. In 2021, a federal judge ruled that the DOT had to install accessible signals at 9,000 intersections; the DOT plans to install these signals through 2031. All remaining intersections are planned to have accessible signals by 2036.
The DOT maintains 250,000 streetlamps . Most of them are LED lamps, installed between 2013 and 2018.
One of the larger groups of traffic restrictions implemented by the DOT is in Midtown Manhattan, where the DOT maintains a system of "thru streets" and split traffic-signal phases to prevent congestion on west–east streets.
Organization
Commissioner of Transportation
First Deputy Commissioner
Sidewalk Inspection and Management
Staten Island Ferry Service
Bridges
Transportation Planning & Management
Roadway Repair and Maintenance
Information Technology and Telecommunications
Borough Commissioners
Brooklyn Borough Commissioner
Manhattan Borough Commissioner
Bronx Borough Commissioner
Queens Borough Commissioner
Staten Island Borough Commissioner
Policy
External Affairs
Finance, Contracting, and Program Management
Human Resources and Facilities Management
Legal
Management and budget
As of 2017, DOT had the budget and staff as follows:
Bridges
The DOT operates 794 roadway and pedestrian bridges throughout New York City, including 25 movable bridges. The agency's portfolio includes most of the East River and Harlem River bridges, as well as smaller bridges throughout the city. DOT operates two retractable bridges (the Borden Avenue and Carroll Street bridges). Other agencies that operate road bridges in New York include the MTA, the PANYNJ, and the NYSDOT.
East River bridges:
Brooklyn Bridge
Manhattan Bridge
Williamsburg Bridge
Queensboro Bridge
Roosevelt Island Bridge
Wards Island Bridge
Harlem River bridges:
Willis Avenue Bridge
Third Avenue Bridge
Madison Avenue Bridge
145th Street Bridge
Macombs Dam Bridge
Washington Bridge
University Heights Bridge
Broadway Bridge
See also
New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings (OATH), for hearings conducted on summonses for quality of life violations issued by the Department
New York State Department of Transportation
Metropolitan Transportation Authority, for the state agency responsible for public transportation in the NYC metropolitan area
References
External links
Department of Transportation in the Rules of the City of New York
NYC DOT Real Time Traffic Information
Transportation
Department of Transportation
Air pollution in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20City%20Department%20of%20Transportation |
The Information Security Forum (ISF) is an independent information security body.
Primary deliverables
The ISF delivers a range of content, activities, and tools.
The ISF is a paid membership organisation: all its products and services are included in the membership fee. From time to time, the ISF makes research documents and other papers available to non-members.
The Standard of Good Practice for Information Security
The ISF released the updated Standard of Good Practice for Information Security in 2018. The Standard is available to ISF members and non-members, who can purchase copies of the report. The 2018 Standard represents an update on the 2016 release of the Standard, and builds upon the previous release to include the most up-to-date controls, approaches and thought leadership in information security.
The standard is a business-focused, practical and comprehensive guide available for identifying and managing information security risks in organizations.
The 2016 standard covers current information security 'hot topics' such as Threat Intelligence, Cyber Attack Protection and Industrial Control Systems, as well as, significant enhancement of existing topics including Information Risk Assessment, Security Architecture and Enterprise Mobility Management. It can be used to build a comprehensive and effective information security management system. In addition to covering information security-related standards such as COBIT 5 for Information Security, The CIS Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense, the 2016 standard covers ISO/IEC 27002 as well as PCI DSS 3.1 and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.
Research projects
Based on member input, the ISF selects a number of topics for research in a given year. The research includes interviewing member and non-member organizations and thought leaders, academic researchers, and other key individuals, as well as examining a range of approaches to the issue. The resulting reports typically go into depth describing the issue generally, outlining the key information security issues to be considered, and proposing a process to address the issue, based on best practices.
Methodologies and tools
For broad, fundamental areas, such as information risk assessment or return-on-investment calculations, the ISF develops comprehensive methodologies that formalize the approaches to these issues. Supporting the methodology, the ISF supplies web and spreadsheet-based tools to automate these functions.
The Benchmark
The ISF's Benchmark (formerly called the 'Information Security Status Survey') has a well-established pedigree – harnessing the collective input of hundreds of the world's leading organizations for over 25 years. Organizations can participate in the Benchmark service at any time and can use the web-based tool to assess their security performance across a range of different environments, compare their security strengths and weaknesses against other organizations, and measure their performance against the ISF's 2016 Standard of Good Practice, ISO/IEC 27002:2013, and COBIT version 5 for information security. The Benchmark provides a variety of data export functionality that can be used for analyzing and presenting data for management reporting and the creation of security improvement programs. It is updated on a biennial basis to align with the latest thinking in information security and provide the ISF Members with improved user experiences and added value.
Face-to-face networking
Regional chapter meetings and other activities provide for face-to-face networking among individuals from ISF member organisations. The ISF encourages direct member-to-member contact to address individual questions and strengthen relationships. Chapter meetings and other activities are conducted around the world and address local issues and language/cultural dimensions.
Annual World Congress
The ISF's annual global conference, the 'World Congress', takes place in a different city each year. The 2017 conference will take place in October in Cannes, France. The event offers an opportunity for attendees to discuss and find solutions to current security challenges, and gain practical advice from peers and leading industry experts from around the world. Over 1,000 global senior executives attend. The event includes a series of keynote presentations, workshops and networking sessions, best practices and thought leadership in a confidential peer-group environment.
Web portal (ISF Live)
The ISF's extranet portal, ISF Live, enables members to directly access all ISF materials, including member presentations, messaging forums, contact information, webcasts, online tools, and other data for member use.
Leadership
The members of the ISF, through the regional chapters, elect a Council to develop its work program and generally to represent member interests. The Council elects an 'Executive' group which is responsible for financial and strategic objectives.
See also
See :Category:Computer security for a list of all computing and information-security related articles.
Standard of Good Practice
Information Systems Audit and Control Association
International Organization for Standardization
SANS Institute
Gartner
References
External links
The Information Security Forum
Borough of Elmbridge
Computer security organizations
Cybercrime in the United Kingdom
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
Non-profit organisations based in London
Organisations based in Surrey
Organizations established in 1989
Research organisations in the United Kingdom
Science and technology in Surrey
Security companies of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20Security%20Forum |
This is a list of former municipalities of Norway, i.e. municipalities that no longer exist.
When the local council system was introduced in Norway in 1837-38, the country had 392 municipalities. In 1958 the number had grown to a total of 744 rural municipalities, 64 city municipalities as well as a small number of small seaports with ladested status. A committee led by Nikolai Schei, formed in 1946 to examine the situation, proposed hundreds of mergers to reduce the number of municipalities and improve the quality of local administration. Most of the mergers were carried out, albeit to significant popular protest.
As of January 2006 there are 431 municipalities in Norway, and there are plans for further mergers and political pressure to do so. In 2002 Erna Solberg, Minister of Local Government and Regional Development at the time, expressed a wish to reduce the current tally with 100. The Ministry spent approximately 140 million NOK on a project to elucidate the possibilities in this field, and referendums were held in several municipalities in conjunction with the municipal elections of 2003. A small number of municipalities agreed to the plan; for instance the municipality of Frei merged with Kristiansund on January 1, 2008. Others rejected the possibility following the referendums, such as Hobøl and Spydeberg or Hol and Ål. The project was abandoned by Solberg's successor Åslaug Haga in early 2006. In 2016 and 2017, when Erna Solberg was the Prime Minister of Norway, she and her government pushed for further municipal consolidations that mostly took place in 2020, reducing the number of municipalities to 356.
Some municipalities ceased to exist only for a limited amount of time, such as Flakstad and Hole (which were former municipalities between 1964 and 1976). In cases like these, the mergers of municipalities were reversed and the former municipalities once again became self-governing. On the other hand, a small number of newly created municipalities were abolished in the same way, for instance Tolga-Os, which came into being as a result of a 1966 merger which was reversed in 1976.
List by county (pre-2020 division)
Akershus
<onlyinclude>
Aust-Agder
Buskerud
Finnmark
Hedmark
Hordaland
Møre og Romsdal
Nordland
Oppland
Rogaland
Sogn og Fjordane
Telemark
Troms
Trøndelag
Vest-Agder
Vestfold
Østfold
References
Notes
Norway, former
Municipalities, former
Municipalities, former
Municipalities, former | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20former%20municipalities%20of%20Norway |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1982.
1–100
Children Act 1975 (Scotland) (Commencement No. 3) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/33
The Vale of Glamorgan (Communities) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/98
101–200
Education (Teachers) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/106
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Legal Aid Fees Amendment) 1982 S.I. 1982/121
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/123
The Cardiff (Communities) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/127
The Belvoir, Bottlesford and Redmile (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/128
Calshot Oyster Fishery Order 1982 S.I. 1982/135
The Lincoln and North Kesteven (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/141
Extradition (Internationally Protected Persons) (Amendment) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/147
Rates Amendment (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/156 (N.I. 2)
The Yeovil (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/185
The Allerdale (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/195
The Charnwood (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/196
The Huntingdon (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/197
201–300
Poisons Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/218
The Islwyn (Communities) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/233
National Health Service Functions (Directions to Authorities and Administration Arrangements) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/287
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) Amendment Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/289
301–400
Authorities for London Post-Graduate Teaching Hospitals Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/315
Anguilla Constitution Order 1982 S.I. 1982/334
Departments (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/338 (N.I. 6)
Limitation Amendment (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/339 (N.I. 7)
The Rhuddlan (Communities) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/376
The Woodspring (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/392
401–500
The St. Clears-Nash (South Pembrokeshire) Trunk Road (Nash Finger Post—Waterloo Roundabout Trunking) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/437
The Sefton (Parishes) (Amendment) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/440
Act of Adjournal (Criminal Legal Aid Fees Amendment No. 2) 1982 S.I. 1982/468
State Scheme Premiums (Actuarial Tables) Amendment Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/492
Social Security (Class 1 Contributions—Contracted-out Percentages) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/493
501–600
The County of East Sussex (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/535
The City of Cardiff (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/556
The Borough of Rhuddlan (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/590.
601–700
The Borough of Vale of Glamorgan (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/606
The Lothian Region (Electoral Arrangements) (Amendment) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/625
Petroleum-spirit (Plastic Containers) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/630
701–800
Land Compensation (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/712 (N.I. 9)
Probation Board (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/713 (N.I. 10)
Patents Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/717
County Court Funds (Amendment No. 2) Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/786
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment No. 2) Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/787
Outward Processing Relief (Amendment) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/793
801–900
Measuring Instruments (EEC Initial Verification Requirements) (Fees) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/811
Merchant Shipping (Tonnage) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/841
Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/844
Departments (No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/846 (N.I. 11)
National Health Service (Charges to Overseas Visitors) (No. 2) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/863
Merchant Shipping (Safety Officials and Reporting of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/876
Statutory Sick Pay (General) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/894
National Health Service (Charges to Overseas Visitors) (Scotland) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/898
901–1000
Industrial Training (Plastics Processing Board) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/923
Swansea—Manchester Trunk Road (Newbridge, Ruabon and Johnstown By-pass and Slip Roads) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/941
1001–1100
British Citizenship (Designated Service) Order 1982 S.I. 19821004
Local Government (Compensation for Premature Retirement) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1009
Agricultural Marketing (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1080 (N.I. 12)
Forfeiture (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1082 (N.I. 14)
Industrial Development (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1083 (N.I. 15)
Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1084 (N.I. 16)
1101–1200
Motor Vehicles (Competitions and Trials) (Amendment) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1103
Crown Court Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/1109
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1151
Third Country Fishing (Enforcement) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1161
Pensions Increase (Review) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1178
Road Traffic Accidents (Payments for Treatment) (England and Wales) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1194
Legal Aid in Criminal Proceedings (Costs) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1197
1201–1300
Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1203
North East of Birmingham—Nottingham Trunk Road—The Birmingham—Nottingham Route (Appleby Magna to Kegworth Section and Slip Roads) No. 1 Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1225
The Breckland (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1235
Social Security (Claims and Payments) Amendment Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1241
Road Traffic Accidents (Payments for Treatment) (Scotland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1252
The Erewash (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1256
The County of West Midlands (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1260
1301–1400
Notification of Installations Handling Hazardous Substances Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1357
The Thamesdown (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1369
The District of Dwyfor (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1395
Statutory Sick Pay (Adjudication) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1400
1401–1500
The Burnley (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1405
Social Security (General Benefit) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1408
Meters (Periods of Certification) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1442
The Central and Strathclyde Regions (Croftamie) Boundaries Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1472 (S. 167)
Workmen's Compensation (Supplementation) Scheme 1982 S.I. 1982/1489
1501–1600
Disabled Persons (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1535 (N.I. 18)
Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1536 (N.I. 19)
Planning (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1537 (N.I. 20)
Taking of Hostages Act 1982 (Overseas Territories) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1540
The Kingswood (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1599
1601–1700
The Sedgemoor (Bridgwater Without) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1618
The Crawley, Horsham and Mid Sussex (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1636
The Cleveland and Durham (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1658
Wireless Telegraphy (Exemption) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1697
1701–1800
The Kempston and Kempston Rural (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1746
The Glanford (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1747
The Betchworth (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1748
The Neath (Communities) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1751
Merchant Shipping (Section 52 Inquiries) Rules 1982 S.I. 1982/1752
The Macclesfield and Vale Royal (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1759
The Radnor (Communities) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1776
1801–1900
The North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1813
The Gillingham and Swale (Areas) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1814
The Swale (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1864
The West Lancashire (Parishes) Order 1982 S.I. 1982/1865
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Exclusion of Proceedings) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1877
Welfare of Livestock (Prohibited Operations) Regulations 1982 S.I. 1982/1884
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201982 |
Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns blue.
History
The word "litmus" comes from an Old Norse word for “moss used for dyeing”. About 1300 the Spanish physician Arnaldus de Villa Nova began using litmus to study acids and bases.
From the 16th century onwards, the blue dye was extracted from some lichens, especially in the Netherlands.
Natural sources
Litmus can be found in different species of lichens. The dyes are extracted from such species as Roccella tinctoria (South American), Roccella fuciformis (Angola and Madagascar), Roccella pygmaea (Algeria), Roccella phycopsis, Lecanora tartarea (Norway, Sweden), Variolaria dealbata, Ochrolechia parella, Parmotrema tinctorum, and Parmelia. Currently, the main sources are Roccella montagnei (Mozambique) and Dendrographa leucophoea (California).
Uses
The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic, as blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions, and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5–8.3 at . Neutral litmus paper is purple. Wet litmus paper can also be used to test for water-soluble gases that affect acidity or basicity; the gas dissolves in the water and the resulting solution colors the litmus paper. For instance, ammonia gas, which is alkaline, turns red litmus paper blue. While all litmus paper acts as pH paper, the opposite is not true.
Litmus can also be prepared as an aqueous solution that functions similarly. Under acidic conditions, the solution is red, and under alkaline conditions, the solution is blue.
Chemical reactions other than acid–base can also cause a color change to litmus paper. For instance, chlorine gas turns blue litmus paper white; the litmus dye is bleached because hypochlorite ions are present. This reaction is irreversible, so the litmus is not acting as an indicator in this situation.
Chemistry
The litmus mixture has the CAS number 1393-92-6 and contains 10 to around 15 different dyes. All of the chemical components of litmus are likely to be the same as those of the related mixture known as orcein, but in different proportions. In contrast with orcein, the principal constituent of litmus has an average molecular mass of 3300. Acid-base indicators on litmus owe their properties to a 7-hydroxyphenoxazone chromophore. Some fractions of litmus were given specific names including erythrolitmin (or erythrolein), azolitmin, spaniolitmin, leucoorcein, and leucazolitmin. Azolitmin shows nearly the same effect as litmus.
A recipe to make litmus out of the lichens, as outlined on a UC Santa Barbara website says:
Mechanism
Red litmus contains a weak diprotic acid. When it is exposed to a basic compound, the hydrogen ions react with the added base. The conjugate base formed from the litmus acid has a blue color, so the wet red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline solution.
References
PH indicators
Paper products | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus |
Tracie is the third and final studio album by R&B singer Tracie Spencer released on June 29, 1999. Two singles were released from the album in 1999 with "It's All About You (Not About Me)" and "Still in My Heart", aided by music videos directed by Francis Lawrence and Kevin Bray, respectively. Tracie went to #114 on the Billboard 200 and #19 on R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart becoming her highest charting album on that chart.
Background and production
Tracie was Spencer's first album in nine years on Capitol Records. The primary reason for the length of time between her studio albums was due to Capitol's constant changes. At the time, the label went through several CEO's and eventually shut down their urban music division from 1996-1999. When the record label got a new president in former Arista Records executive Roy Lott, he revived Capitol's long-struggling urban music division. Spencer acknowledged the changes within Capitol in the liner notes of Tracie. She stated: "I have seen a lot of changes occur at the tower, but that's just the way life goes. I have nothing but love and respect for my record company. Change is good".
In between albums she recorded a couple of songs for the soundtracks of two films from the late 1990s. She sang "I'll Be There For You" for the 1997 Nickelodeon film Good Burger as well as the DJ Quik produced "The Rain" for the 1998 Maya Angelou directed film Down in the Delta. She worked with the Danish R&B production team Soulshock & Karlin for all but one song on Tracie, with Dallas Austin protege Arnold Hennings providing his lone contribution "Love To You".
Critical reception
Allmusic editor Jaime Sunao Ikeda called's the album "a grouping of average material sung by an above-average singer. Tracie Spencer's gift has always been her ability to outshine the other aspiring divas of the day with excellent pitch and phrasing. On Tracie, however, we find her wasting her talents [...] The first ten tracks are virtually indistinguishable from each other [...] This album could have also done with reverse sequencing of the tracks and varying the sound of the others. Despite the lack of notable material on this attempt, Spencer will always remain one of the shining stars of the late-'90s generation of singers."
Track listing
Sample credits
"No Matter" contains a sample of "Fun" by Brick.
"Not Gonna Cry" contains a sample of "Don't Tell It" by James Brown.
"It's On Tonight" contains a sample of "Get High Tonight" by Busta Rhymes.
Personnel
Drum Programming and Keyboards: Soulshock & Karlin, Arnold Hennings
Guitar: Craig B on "Still in My Heart", "Closer", "Nothing Broken But My Heart" and "Not Gonna Cry"
Background Vocals: Tamara Savage, Heavynn, Shiro, Sherron Bennett, Jacqueline Boyd, David Daughtery, Keisha Ealy, Yvette Williams
Rap: Sonja Blade on "Feelin' You"
Mixing: Manny Marroquin and Soulshock on all songs, except "Love To You" (Michael Patterson)
Mastering: Brian Gardner
Charts
References
1999 albums
Capitol Records albums
Tracie Spencer albums
Albums produced by Soulshock and Karlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracie%20%28album%29 |
AMSA or Amsa may refer to:
Amsa-dong, a neighbourhood in Seoul, South Korea
Amsa station, a subway station in Seoul, South Korea
aMSa, stage name of Super Smash Bros. player Masaya Chikamoto
Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft, project name for the Rockwell B-1 Lancer
Advanced Math and Science Academy Charter School, a public charter school in Marlboro, Massachusetts
American Medical Student Association
American Moving & Storage Association
Association of Marist Schools of Australia
Australian Maritime Safety Authority
Australian Medical Students' Association
Aerolineas Mundo S.A.-AMSA, a defunct Dominican airline | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMSA |
152P/Helin–Lawrence is a periodic comet in the Solar System.
The comet came to perihelion on 9 July 2012, and reached about apparent magnitude 17.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
152P/Helin-Lawrence – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
Elements and Ephemeris for 152P/Helin-Lawrence – Minor Planet Center
152P at Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0152
152P
19930517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152P/Helin%E2%80%93Lawrence |
Royat (; Occitan: Roiat) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. As of 2019, its population was 4,359.
Since Roman times, its thermal springs have made it a spa town, and the remains of the Roman baths are still visible.
Population
Points of interest
Arboretum de Royat
Jardin botanique d'Auvergne
International relations
Royat is twinned with Abertyleri, Blaenau Gwent, Wales.
See also
Communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department
References
Further reading
External links
Official website
Unofficial website
Office of tourism website
Communes of Puy-de-Dôme
Spa towns in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royat |
God-Emperor or God Emperor may refer to:
Historical and legendary
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, a group of mythological rulers or deities in ancient northern China said to be god emperors
Sapa Inca, the Emperor of the Inca Empire, viewed as a god
An emperor worshipped as a deity by an imperial cult
Imperial cult (ancient Rome) identified emperors with divinely sanctioned authority
Emperor Jimmu, first Emperor of Japan according to legend
Emperor of Japan, called Tennō, "heavenly sovereign"
Modern popular culture
Tisroc, the Calormene ruler in The Chronicles of Narnia
Leto II Atreides, the title character in Frank Herbert's science fiction novel God Emperor of Dune (1981)
The God-Emperor of Mankind, in the fictional Imperium (Warhammer 40,000)
The Emperor, the godlike character in Andreas Eschbach's The Carpet Makers (2005)
God Emperor Doom, from Marvel's Secret Wars (2015 comic book)
God-Emperor, character in The Last Remnant role-playing video game
See also
Christ Pantocrator, a specific depiction of Christ
Caesaropapism, the idea of combining the power of secular government with the religious power
Divine right of kings
God king, a term for a deified ruler
List of people who have been considered deities
Sacred king | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%20emperor |
Howard Franklin is an American screenwriter and film director, known for such films as The Name of the Rose and his three collaborations with Bill Murray: Quick Change, Larger than Life, and The Man Who Knew Too Little. His other films include The Public Eye, about a 1940s tabloid photographer modeled on the photojournalist Weegee and starring Joe Pesci; Someone to Watch Over Me and The Big Year.
Filmography
References
External links
American film directors
Place of birth missing (living people)
American male screenwriters
Comedy film directors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Franklin |
Hermann Böse (May 4, 1870, Hemelingen – July 17, 1943, Bremen) was a German music teacher and conductor at the Hermann-Böse-Gymnasium, which was named after him, as well as a communist activist. He was also conductor of the ultra left "Workers - Singing Union in Bremen".
Life
Böse was born in Hemelingen on May 4, 1870. He was one of eight children. His father, Johann Böse, was a head teacher in Hemelingen which at that time was part of Prussia. Hermann Böse, along with three of his brothers, also worked as teachers. Between 1897 and 1907, he worked at the deaf-mute institute in Bremen.
During the German Revolution of 1918-1919, Böse became the Bremen Soviet Republic's head of the People's Commissariat for Education. In this position, Böse prohibited religious education.
Since Böse was a convinced communist, and after the Nazi seizure of power he lost his pension. He was arrested in 1943 by the Gestapo. He died in Bremen two days after he was released from the KZ Mißler, a concentration camp which also held fellow Bremen Soviet Republic politician Alfred Faust.
To this day, Böse is known as one of the most passionate resistance fighters of the KPD. The Hermann-Böse-Straße and the Hermann-Böse-Gymnasium (since 2005) in Bremen are named after him.
References
External links
1870 births
1943 deaths
Red Orchestra (espionage)
German music educators
Musicians from Bremen (city)
German resistance members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20B%C3%B6se |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1984.
1–100
The East Hertfordshire and Stevenage (Areas) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/60
The Bristol, Wansdyke and Woodspring (Areas) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/66
The Yeovil (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/67
The Badenoch and Strathspey District (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/68
The Cumbernauld and Kilsyth District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1983 S.I. 1984/69
The Basildon and Castle Point (Areas) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/89
101–200
The Waverley (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/115
The South Wight (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/116
The Bassetlaw (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/117
The Amber Valley (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/118
The County of Leicestershire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/119
The Royal County of Berkshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/120
The Rushcliffe (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/151
The Newcastle-Under-Lyme (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/152
The Kyle and Carrick District (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/160
Gaming Act (Variation of Fees) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/166
201–300
Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/210
Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/243
Gaming Act (Variation of Monetary Limits) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/247
Gaming Clubs (Hours and Charges) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/248
High Court of Justiciary Fees Order 1984 S.I. 1984/252
Court of Session etc. Fees Order 1984 S.I. 1984/256
The Peterborough (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/258
Supreme Court Funds (Amendment) Rules 1984 S.I. 1984/285
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) Amendment Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/298
301–400
Gaming Act (Variation of Fees) (Scotland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/338
The Test Valley (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/348
Occupational Pension Schemes (Contracting-out) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/380
The Kirkcaldy District (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/382
The North Wiltshire (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/387
401–500
Merchant Shipping (Health and Safety: General Duties) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/408
The Guildford (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/411
Seed Potatoes Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/412
Prevention of Terrorism (Supplemental Temporary Provisions) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/418
Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/421
The Moray District (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/425
Education (Grants for Further Training of Teachers) (Scotland) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/432
The Dumfries and Galloway Region Nithsdale District (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/448
The Strathclyde Region and Clydesdale District (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/449
Social Security (Adjudication) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/451
Social Security Adjudication (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/458
Aberdeen and District Milk Marketing Scheme 1984 S.I. 1984/464
Gaming Act (Variation of Monetary Limits) (Scotland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/468
Gaming Clubs (Hours and Charges) (Scotland) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/470
The Arfon (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/473
501–600
Third Country Fishing (Enforcement) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/516
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees in Civil Proceedings) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/519
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees in Criminal Proceedings) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/520
The County of Suffolk (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/538
601–700
Social Security (Adjudication) Amendment Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/613
Driving Licences (Exchangeable Licences) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/672
701–800
Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/702 (N.I. 2)
Fines and Penalties (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/703 (N.I. 3)
Stock Exchange (Listing) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/716
The Glyndwr (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/739
Local Government (Compensation for Redundancy and Premature Retirement) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/740
Value Added Tax (Imported Goods) Relief Order 1984 S.I. 1984/746
The Borough of Aberconwy (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/757
The Borough of Rhondda (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/758
The Meirionnydd (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/797
801–900
Merchant Shipping (Reception Facilities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/862
901–1000
Supplementary Benefit (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/938
Adoption Agencies (Scotland) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/984
1001–1100
Town and Country Planning (Crown Land Applications) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1015
Wireless Telegraphy (Broadcast Licence Charges and Exemption) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1053
Civil Courts (Amendment No. 2) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1075
1101–1200
Poisonous Substances in Agriculture Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1114
Fishing Vessels (Certification of Deck Officers and Engineer Officers) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1115
Financial Provisions (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1157 (N.I. 7)
Health and Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1158 (N.I. 8)
Industrial Training (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1159 (N.I. 9)
University of Ulster (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1167 (N.I. 10)
The Housing (Right to Buy) (Prescribed Persons) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1173
1201–1300
Merchant Shipping (Navigational Equipment) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1203
Merchant Shipping (Passenger Ship Construction and Survey) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1216
Merchant Shipping (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1217
Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1218
Secure Tenancies (Notices) (Amendment) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1224
Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1244
Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1260
Agricultural Holdings (Arbitration on Notices) (Variation) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1300
1301–1400
Pensions Increase (Review) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1307
Agricultural Holdings (Forms of Notice to Pay Rent or to Remedy) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1308
1401–1500
Motor Vehicles (Type Approval and Approval Marks) (Fees) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1404
The Taff-Ely (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1441
1501–1600
Valuation Timetable (Scotland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1504
Food Labelling (Scotland) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1519
The Tandridge (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1560
The Ogwr (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1562
National Health Service Functions (Directions to Authorities and Administration Arrangements) Amendment Regulations 1984 S.I.1984/1577
Land Registration (District Registries) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1579
Construction (Metrication) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1593
1601–1700
Remuneration of Teachers (Primary and Secondary Education) (Amendment) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1650
The Chester-le-Street (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1682
1701–1800
The County of Norfolk (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1752
The Alyn and Deeside (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1782
The Sedgemoor and Taunton Deane (Areas) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1793
The Borough of Arfon (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1799
1801–1900
Transfer of Functions (Social Security Commissioners) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1818
Fire Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1821 (N.I. 11)
General Consumer Council (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1822 (N.I. 12)
The Lothian and Borders Regions and East Lothian and Berwickshire Districts (Monynut and Bothwell Valleys) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1855 (S. 144)
The Kyle and Carrick District and Cunninghame District (Drybridge and Barassie/Gailes Foreshore) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1856 (S. 145)
The Rhymney Valley (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1875
The South Cambridgeshire (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1877
Fresh Meat Export (Hygiene and Inspection) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1885
Freight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1890
1901–2000
The Humberside and North Yorkshire (Areas) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1906
The Blaenau Gwent (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1930
The Central and Tayside Regions and Clackmannan District and Perth and Kinross District (Backhill, Glendevon) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1938 (S. 153)
The Monklands and Strathkelvin Districts (Gartcosh Steel Works and Whitehill, Gartcosh) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1939 (S. 154)
The East Kilbride and Hamilton Districts (Greenhall Estate, Blantyre and Torrance House, East Kilbride) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1940 (S. 155)
The Inverclyde and Renfrew Districts (Heathmount, Kilmacolm and Knockmountain Farm) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1941 (S. 156)
The County of Cambridgeshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1944
Child Benefit (Claims and Payments) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1960
Family Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1984 (N.I. 14)
Road Traffic, Transport and Roads (Northern Ireland) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/1986 (N.I. 15)
Social Security (Adjudication) Amendment (No. 2) Regulations 1984 S.I. 1984/1991
2001–2100
The Mid Bedfordshire (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2003
Offshore Installations (Safety Zones) (No. 100) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2011
The Bedfordshire (Areas) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2023
The East Hampshire (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2025
The Gravesham (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2026
The Nairn and Inverness Districts (Croy) Boundaries Amendment Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2030 (S. 161)
The Bolton (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2044
The Scarborough (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2045
The Suffolk Coastal District (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2046
The Tunbridge Wells (Parishes) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2047
The Delyn (Communities) Order 1984 S.I. 1984/2049
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201984 |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1985.
1–100
The Canterbury and Shepway (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/20
The Cherwell and West Oxfordshire (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/21
The Dacorum and Three Rivers (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/27
The Horsham and Mid Sussex (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/28
Remuneration of Teachers (Primary and Secondary Education) (Amendment) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/38
The Arun and Chichester (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/41
The Durham and Easington (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/42
The East Hertfordshire and Welwyn Hatfield (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/51
The Mid Devon, South Hams and Teignbridge (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/52
The Carrick (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/54
The North Dorset (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/55
The Hereford and Worcester (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/56
The South Bedfordshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/57
Driving Licences (Exchangeable Licences) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/65
The Wrexham Maelor (Communities) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/89
The Adur, Arun and Worthing (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/90
101–200
The Arun (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/119
The Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/120
The Torfaen (Communities) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/129
The Braintree, Chelmsford and Colchester (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/133
The County of North Yorkshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/139
The County of Bedfordshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/140
The Kerrier (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/142
The New Forest (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/150
The Winchester (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/154
Police Pensions (Amendment) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/156
The East Staffordshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/163
The Wychavon (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/164
Nature Conservation and Amenity Lands (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/170 (N.I. 1)
Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/171 (N.I. 2)
The Basingstoke and Deane (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/179
The Medina (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/180
The West Oxfordshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/181
201–300
Road Traffic Accidents (Payments for Treatment) (England and Wales) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/202
Family Practitioner Committees (Membership and Procedure) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/213
The County of Cleveland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/219
Banking Act 1979 (Advertisements) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/220
The Hampshire (Areas) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/228
Local Government (Prescribed Expenditure) (Amendment) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/257
The County of Cornwall (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/264
The County of South Glamorgan (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1988 S.I. 1985/265
The Charnwood (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/269
Road Traffic Accidents (Payments for Treatment) (Scotland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/281
The North Hertfordshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/286
Home Loss Payments (Scotland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/292
301–400
Third Country Fishing (Enforcement) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/313
The Braintree (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/325
National Health Service (Charges for Drugs and Appliances) Amendment Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/326
The County of West Sussex (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/335
The County of Wiltshire (Miscellaneous Electoral Division) (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/336
Legal Advice and Assistance (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/337
Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/356
Plant Breeders' Rights (Fees) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/357
Public Trustee (Fees) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/373
National Health Service (Charges to Overseas Visitors) Amendment Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/383
Seed Potatoes (Fees) (Scotland) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/385
401–500
The Dacorum (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/401
The South Wight (Parishes) (Variation) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/402
Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/434
Seed Potatoes (Fees) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/438
Friendly Societies (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/453 (N.I. 4)
Local Elections (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/454
The Basingstoke and Deane (Parish of Woodmancott) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/494
501–600
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees in Criminal Proceedings) Amendment Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/554
Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees in Civil Proceedings) Amendment Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/557
Gaming Act (Variation of Monetary Limits) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/575
The Borough of Wrexham Maelor (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/580
601–700
The Guildford (Parishes) (Variation) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/634
Gaming Act (Variation of Monetary Limits) (Scotland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/641
Merchant Shipping (Application of Construction and Survey Regulations to other Ships) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/661
The Borough of Tamworth (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/667
Police (Complaints) (Mandatory Referrals, etc.) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/673
The District of Glyndwr (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/695
The Borough of Ynys Mon-Isle of Anglesey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/696
701–800
The District of Meirionnydd (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/742
Six Pit and Upper Bank Junctions Light Railway Order 1985 S.I. 1985/747
Extradition (Taking of Hostages) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/751
Foreign Limitation Periods (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/754 (N.I. 5)
Road Traffic (Type Approval) (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/755 (N.I. 6)
Water and Sewerage Services (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/756 (N.I. 7)
801–900
Rate Limitation (Designation of Authorities) (Exemption) (Wales) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/823
Sheriff Court Fees Order 1985 S.I. 1985/827
Export of Goods (Control) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/849
Measuring Instruments (EEC Pattern Approval Requirements) (Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/852
Companies (Forms) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/854
Value Added Tax (General) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/886
901–1000
Remuneration of Teachers (Primary and Secondary Education) (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/944
Milk (Cessation of Production) (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/958 (N.I. 9)
Rent (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/959 (N.I. 10)
Social Security (Industrial Injuries) (Prescribed Diseases) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/967
Seeds (Fees) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/981
National Health Service (General Medical and Pharmaceutical Services) Amendment (No. 4) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/995
1001–1100
Merchant Shipping (Formal Investigations) Rules 1985 S.I. 1985/1001
Agriculture Improvement Scheme 1985 S.I. 1985/1029
Building Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1065
Building (Approved Inspectors etc.) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1066
Food (Revision of Penalties and Mode of Trial) (Scotland) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1068
1101–1200
Explosives (Licensing of Stores and Registration of Premises) Fees Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1108
The Grampian Region and City of Aberdeen (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1127
Opencast Coal (Rate of Interest on Compensation) (No. 2) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1130
Acquisition of Land (Rate of Interest after Entry) (No. 2) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1131
Acquisition of Land (Rate of Interest after Entry) (Scotland) (No. 2) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1132
The County of Greater Manchester (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1173
Teachers (Compensation for Redundancy and Premature Retirement) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1181
Town and Country Planning (Fees for Applications and Deemed Applications) (Amendment) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1182
1201–1300
Betting, Gaming, Lotteries and Amusements (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1204 (N.I. 11)
Credit Unions (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1205 (N.I. 12)
Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1208 (N.I. 15)
Social Security (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1209 (N.I. 16)
Merchant Shipping (Grain) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1217
Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) (Ships built before 25 May 1980) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1218
The Milton Keynes (Parish of Newport Pagnell) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1233
The Grampian Region (Electoral Arrangements) Amendment Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1235
The Gordon District (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1236
S.I. 1985/1248
Video Recordings Act 1984 (Commencement No. 2) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1264
Video Recordings Act 1984 (Scotland) (Commencement No. 2) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1265
Agriculture Improvement Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1266
S.I. 1985/1278
The North Bedfordshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1297
1301–1400
Merchant Shipping (Certification of Deck Officers) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1306
Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1333
SI 1985/1352
The Great Yarmouth (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1368
1401–1500
Statutory Sick Pay (Additional Compensation of Employers and Consequential Amendments) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1411
The County of West Yorkshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1448
Driving Licences (Exchangeable Licences) (No 2) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1461
Data Protection Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1465
1501–1600
The City of Edinburgh District and Midlothian District (Danderhall) Boundaries Amendment Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1543 (S. 118)
Pensions Increase (Review) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1575
Building (Prescribed Fees etc.) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1576
Motor Cycles (Eye Protectors) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1593
Public Telecommunication System Designation (Swindon Cable Limited) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1596
1601–1700
Hovercraft (Fees) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1605
The West Dorset (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1606
Merchant Shipping (Fees) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1607
The Borough of Taff-Ely (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1609
Beer Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1627
Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1638 (N.I. 17)
Sex Discrimination (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1641 (N.I. 18)
Air Navigation Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1643
Industrial Training (Transfer of the Activities of Establishments) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1662
Merchant Shipping (Protective Clothing and Equipment) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1664
Merchant Shipping (Indemnification of Shipowners) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1665
The Borough of Ogwr (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1685
The County of Merseyside (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1686
1701–1800
The Borough of Delyn (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1707
Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1714
Merchant Shipping (Fees) (Amendment No. 2) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1727
Police (Scotland) Amendment (No. 3) Regulations 1985 S.I. 19851733
The District of Alyn and Deeside (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1747
The Isle of Wight (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1753
The Brecknock (Communities) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1763
The District of Rhymney Valley (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1786
The North Warwickshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1790
The Aylesbury Vale (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1792
Boarding-out and Fostering of Children (Scotland) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1799
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Application to Customs and Excise) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1800
1801–1900
The Lliw Valley (Communities) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1816
The Mendip (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1847
Artificial Insemination of Cattle (Animal Health) (Scotland) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1857
Artificial Insemination of Cattle (Animal Health) (England and Wales) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1861
Legal Advice and Assistance at Police Stations (Remuneration) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1880
Education (Grants for Teacher Training) (No. 2) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1883
The Shropshire (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1891
The Castle Morpeth and Tynedale (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1892
1901–2000
Transport Act 1985 (Modifications in Schedule 4 to the Transport Act 1968) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1903
Contracting-out (Transfer Premiums) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1928
Building (Inner London) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/1936
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Codes of Practice) (No. 1) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1937
Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Fees) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1960
Judicial Pensions (Requisite Benefits) (Amendment) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1975
Designs Rules 1984 S.I. 1985/1989
Extradition (Internationally Protected Persons) (Amendment) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/1990
2001–2100
Control of Pollution (Anti-Fouling Paints) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/2011
The Mid Sussex (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2021
The East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2022
Police Pensions (War Service) (Transferees) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/2029
Block Grant (Education Adjustments) (England) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/2030
Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/2043
The Derbyshire (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2048
The Oxfordshire (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2049
The Ipswich and Suffolk Coastal (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2050
The South Lakeland (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2052
The North East Derbyshire (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2053
The Shrewsbury and Atcham (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2056
The Ryedale (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2058
The South Hams (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2059
The Chiltern (Parishes) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2060
The Devon (District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2061
The Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire (County and District Boundaries) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2062
The South Pembrokeshire (Communities) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2063
The Llanelli (Communities) Order 1985 S.I. 1985/2064
Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1985 S.I. 1985/2066
See also
List of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
External links
Legislation.gov.uk delivered by the UK National Archive
UK SI's on legislation.gov.uk
UK Draft SI's on legislation.gov.uk
Lists of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201985 |
In politics, a litmus test is a question asked of a potential candidate for high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination. The expression is a metaphor based on the litmus test in chemistry, in which one is able to test the general acidity of a substance, but not its exact pH. Those who must approve a nominee may also be said to apply a litmus test to determine whether the nominee will receive their vote. In these contexts, the phrase comes up most often with respect to nominations to the judiciary.
Usage
The metaphor of a litmus test has been used in American politics since the mid-twentieth century. During United States presidential election campaigns, litmus tests the nominees might use are more fervently discussed when vacancies for the U.S. Supreme Court appear likely. Advocates for various social ideas or policies often wrangle heatedly over what litmus test, if any, the president ought to apply when nominating a new candidate for a spot on the Supreme Court. Support for, or opposition to, abortion is one example of a common decisive factor in single-issue politics; another might be support of strict constructionism. Defenders of litmus tests argue that some issues are so important that it overwhelms other concerns (especially if there are other qualified candidates that pass the test).
The political litmus test is often used when appointing judges. However, this test to determine the political attitude of a nominee is not without error. Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren was appointed under the impression that he was conservative but his tenure was marked by liberal dissents. Today, the litmus test is used along with other methods such as past voting records when selecting political candidates.
The Republican Liberty Caucus is opposed to litmus tests for judges, stating in their goals that they "oppose 'litmus tests' for judicial nominees who are qualified and recognize that the sole function of the courts is to interpret the Constitution. We oppose judicial amendments or the crafting of new law by any court."
Professor Eugene Volokh believes that the legitimacy of such tests is a "tough question", and argues that they may undermine the fairness of the judiciary:
Imagine a justice testifies under oath before the Senate about his views on (say) abortion, and later reaches a contrary decision [after carefully examining the arguments]. "Perjury!" partisans on the relevant side will likely cry: They'll assume the statement made with an eye towards confirmation was a lie, rather than that the justice has genuinely changed his mind. Even if no calls for impeachment follow, the rancor and contempt towards the justice would be much greater than if he had simply disappointed his backers' expectations. Faced with that danger, a justice may well feel pressured into deciding the way that he testified, and rejecting attempts at persuasion. Yet that would be a violation of the judge's duty to sincerely consider the parties' arguments.
See also
Purity test (politics)
References
Political terminology of the United States
Nomination and appointment of United States federal judges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus%20test%20%28politics%29 |
157P/Tritton is a periodic comet with a 6-year orbital period. Fragment B was first observed on 21 August 2022.
Observational history
Keith Tritton (U. K. Schmidt Telescope Unit, Coonabarabran) discovered this comet on a deep IIIa-J exposure made with the 122-cm Schmidt telescope on 1978 February 11.66.
The comet was not detected during the predicted returns of 1984, 1990 or 1996 and was presumed lost. However, on 2003 October 6.44, using CCD images obtained with a 0.12-m refractor, C. W. Juels (Fountain Hills, Arizona, USA) and P. Holvorcem (Campinas, Brazil) detected a comet that proved to be on a similar orbit to the lost comet. B. G. Marsden was able to calculate a new orbit, published in IAU Circular No. 8215, issued 2003 October 7, which confirmed that it was indeed identical to comet Tritton.
The comet was also recovered at its 2010, 2016, and 2022 apparitions. On 2 October 2022 the discovery of a new fragment of the comet was published in MPEC 2022-T23. With a smaller orbit, fragment B should come to perihelion in 2028 March and the primary fragment should come to perihelion in 2029 May ( later).
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
157P/Tritton – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
157P at Gary W. Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/157P/Tritton |
The Rivalry may refer to the following:
Sports
Johns Hopkins–Maryland lacrosse rivalry, between the Johns Hopkins Blue Jays and the Maryland Terrapins lacrosse teams
Calvin–Hope men's basketball rivalry, between the Calvin College Knights and the Hope College Flying Dutch basketball teams
The Rivalry (Lafayette–Lehigh), American college football between Lafayette College and Lehigh University
Oxford–Cambridge rivalry, competition between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge
Yankees–Red Sox rivalry, between the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees
Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry, between the University of Michigan and Ohio State University
Carolina–Duke rivalry, between the University of North Carolina and Duke University
Cowboys–Washington rivalry, between the Dallas Cowboys and Washington Commanders
Other uses
The Rivalry (album), by German band Running Wild
See also
Rivalry
:Category:Sports rivalries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rivalry |
The Standard of Good Practice for Information Security (SOGP), published by the Information Security Forum (ISF), is a business-focused, practical and comprehensive guide to identifying and managing information security risks in organizations and their supply chains.
The most recent edition is 2020, an update of the 2018 edition. A 2022 edition is coming.
Upon release, the 2011 Standard was the most significant update of the standard for four years. It covers information security 'hot topics' such as consumer devices, critical infrastructure, cybercrime attacks, office equipment, spreadsheets and databases and cloud computing.
The 2011 Standard is aligned with the requirements for an Information Security Management System (ISMS) set out in ISO/IEC 27000-series standards, and provides wider and deeper coverage of ISO/IEC 27002 control topics, as well as cloud computing, information leakage, consumer devices and security governance.
In addition to providing a tool to enable ISO 27001 certification, the 2011 Standard provides full coverage of COBIT v4 topics, and offers substantial alignment with other relevant standards and legislation such as PCI DSS and the Sarbanes Oxley Act, to enable compliance with these standards too.
The Standard is used by Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs), information security managers, business managers, IT managers, internal and external auditors, IT service providers in organizations of all sizes.
The 2018 Standard is available free of charge to members of the ISF. Non-members are able to purchase a copy of the standard directly from the ISF.
Organization
The Standard has historically been organized into six categories, or aspects. Computer Installations and Networks address the underlying IT infrastructure on which Critical Business Applications run. The End-User Environment covers the arrangements associated with protecting corporate and workstation applications at the endpoint in use by individuals. Systems Development deals with how new applications and systems are created, and Security Management addresses high-level direction and control.
The Standard is now primarily published in a simple "modular" format that eliminates redundancy. For example, the various sections devoted to security audit and review have been consolidated.
The six aspects within the Standard are composed of a number of areas, each covering a specific topic. An area is broken down further into sections, each of which contains detailed specifications of information security best practice. Each statement has a unique reference. For example, SM41.2 indicates that a specification is in the Security Management aspect, area 4, section 1, and is listed as specification No. 2 within that section.
The Principles and Objectives part of the Standard provides a high-level version of the Standard, by bringing together just the principles (which provide an overview of what needs to be performed to meet the Standard) and objectives (which outline the reason why these actions are necessary) for each section.
The published Standard also includes an extensive topics matrix, index, introductory material, background information, suggestions for implementation, and other information.
See also
See :Category:Computer security for a list of all computing and information-security related articles.
Cyber security standards
Information Security Forum
COBIT
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)
ISO 17799
ISO/IEC 27002
ITIL
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
Basel III
Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) for cloud computing security
References
Know all about ISO 27000 Standards
External links
The Standard of Good Practice
The Information Security Forum
Computer security standards
Cybercrime in the United Kingdom
Data security
Information technology in the United Kingdom
Risk analysis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20of%20Good%20Practice%20for%20Information%20Security |
HMS Pegasus was an aircraft carrier/seaplane carrier bought by the Royal Navy in 1917 during the First World War. She was laid down in 1914 by John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Scotland as Stockholm for the Great Eastern Railway Company, but construction was suspended at the start of the war. The ship was converted to operate a mix of wheeled aircraft from her forward flying-off deck and floatplanes that were lowered into the water. Pegasus spent the last year of the war supporting the Grand Fleet in the North Sea, but saw no combat. She spent most of 1919 and 1920 supporting British intervention against the Bolsheviks in North Russia and the Black Sea. The ship remained with the Mediterranean Fleet until 1924, but was placed in reserve in 1925 after a brief deployment to Singapore. Pegasus was sold for scrap in 1931.
Design and description
The ship had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. She displaced . Her two direct-drive steam turbines, each driving a propeller shaft, were designed to produce a total of and a speed of . On sea trials in December 1914, Pegasus made and reached . The ship was converted from coal to fuel oil at the suggestion of her builders. She carried of oil which meant that she could steam for at her maximum speed. Her crew numbered 258, including 100 aviation personnel.
Pegasuss main armament consisted of four 40-calibre, 12-pounder 12 cwt guns. Two of these were mounted on the forecastle as low-angle guns, but the other two were mounted aft as anti-aircraft guns. They fired projectiles at a muzzle velocity of ; this gave a maximum range of against surface targets and an anti-aircraft range of . They had a rate of fire of 15 rounds per minute.
HMS Pegasus was fitted with a flying-off deck forward, intended for aircraft with wheeled undercarriages, and a prominent hangar aft. Two electric cranes were fitted aft and a twin-boom derrick forward to handle her aircraft. The smaller forward hangar was built under the ship's bridge and the aircraft were raised to the flight deck overhead by one of the first lifts in the Royal Navy. The forward hangar could fit five single-seat fighters and the rear hangar had a capacity of four floatplanes. The ship could lower them into the water while steaming at and recover the floatplanes at . When Pegasus commissioned in 1917 she was assigned four Short Type 184 torpedo bombers and four Beardmore W.B.III fighters. In late 1918 she carried four Sopwith Camel 2F.1, one Type 184 and three Fairey Campania reconnaissance aircraft. In 1919 she began to operate various models of the Fairey III.
Pegasus carried of petrol for her aircraft. Her magazines had the capacity for eight torpedoes, 72 , 108 , and 68, later 84, bombs.
Career
HMS Pegasus was laid down in 1914 by the John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Scotland as Stockholm for the Great Eastern Railway Company's Harwich–Hook of Holland service, but her construction was suspended by the beginning of the First World War. The ship was purchased by the Royal Navy on 27 February 1917 and was launched on 9 June 1917. She was commissioned on 14 August 1917 and completed on 28 August 1917. She joined the Grand Fleet on completion and was assigned to support the Battle Cruiser Force. She participated in a few uneventful operations in the North Sea, but was mostly occupied with pilot training and ferrying aircraft to ships equipped with flying-off platforms. Pegasus supported the British intervention in the Russian Civil War between May and September 1919 and was based at Archangel. The ship returned to Rosyth and was briefly decommissioned. She recommissioned on 2 December 1919 and was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in March 1920. Pegasus ran aground on 9 March off Kerch, but was pulled off without suffering any significant damage. She supported the Evacuation of Novorossiysk by the Whites later that month and remained with the fleet until 1924. In 1923 the forward flying-off deck was removed and the ship was re-rated as an aircraft tender. She was stationed at Singapore in 1924–25. On 5 July 1925 she was placed in reserve at Devonport, but was briefly recommissioned in 1929. On 22 August 1931, the ship was sold to Thos. W. Ward of Sheffield for scrap, arriving at their Morecambe yard on 15 September, the last vessel to be fully broken up there.
Notes
Footnotes
References
Seaplane carriers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
1917 ships
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
World War I aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Pegasus%20%281917%29 |
Petter Hugsted (11 July 1921 – 16 May 2000) was a Norwegian ski jumper who won the gold medal in the individual large hill event at the 1948 Olympics.
Hugsted won junior competition at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1940. His career was impeded during World War II, when he was held in the Grini concentration camp during the German occupation of Norway. After the war he placed third at the Holmenkollen in 1947 and 1948, in the senior category. He won the ski jumping competition at Lahti in 1947 and the Open U.S. Championships in Salt Lake City in 1949. He retired in 1951 after finishing 13th at Holmenkollen.
Besides skiing Hugsted played association football for the national B-team. He lived his whole life in Kongsberg, and devoted much energy to the creation and curatorship of the Kongsberg Skiing Museum, together with his friend and fellow ski jumper Birger Ruud.
References
External links
1952 photograph
1921 births
2000 deaths
Norwegian male ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Norwegian men's footballers
Ski jumpers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Grini concentration camp survivors
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Kongsberg IF ski jumpers
Sportspeople from Kongsberg
Skiers from Viken (county)
Men's association football players not categorized by position
20th-century Norwegian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petter%20Hugsted |
County Route 550 (CR 550) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Delsea Drive (Route 47) in Maurice River Township to Shore Drive (U.S. Route 9) in Dennis Township. The road travels through Maurice River Township (Cumberland County), Dennis Township (Cape May County) and Woodbine.
Route description
CR 550 begins at an intersection with Route 47 in Maurice River Township, Cumberland County, heading east on two-lane undivided Leesburg-Belleplain Road. The road runs through dense woods with pockets of farms, crossing Route 347 before running through the Belleplain State Forest. CR 550 enters Dennis Township in Cape May County and becomes Hoffmans Mill Road. The road passes areas of farm fields and homes as it reaches the CR 550 Spur junction and makes a turn northeast onto Tuckahoe Road. A short distance later, the route turns southeast onto Webster Avenue, with CR 605 continuing north on Tuckahoe Road. CR 550 heads into heavy woodland again as it continues into Woodbine. In Woodbine, the route passes residences as it reaches the CR 557 intersection.
At this point, CR 550 turns northeast to form a concurrency with CR 557 on Washington Avenue while CR 638 continues east on Webster Avenue. The road passes a mix of homes and businesses as it comes to Dehirsch Avenue, where CR 550 splits from CR 557 by heading southeast on that road. CR 550 continues through developed areas, with the surroundings becoming more rural as the route intersects CR 660 and passes under the Cape May Seashore Lines railroad before passing north of Woodbine Municipal Airport. After meeting CR 610 at a roundabout, the road enters dense woodland and crosses back into Dennis Township, with the name becoming Woodbine-Ocean View Road. The route crosses CR 608 and CR 628, continuing into wooded residential areas at the intersection with the latter. CR 550 continues from this point to its eastern terminus at US 9.
Major intersections
CR 550 Spur
County Route 550 Spur, abbreviated CR 550 Spur, is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Delsea Drive (Route 47) to Hoffman's Mill Road (CR 550) in Dennis Township. Between the two termini, the route passes through a portion of Maurice River Township.
The road travels through the following municipalities (from west to east):
Dennis Township (Cape May County)
Maurice River Township (Cumberland County)
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
CR 550 pictures
550
550
550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20550%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
The River Barle runs from the Chains on northern Exmoor, in Somerset, England to join the River Exe at Exebridge, Devon. The river and the Barle Valley are both designated as biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
On the Chains above Simonsbath is a former reservoir known as Pinkery Pond. It was formed in the 19th century when John Knight and his son dammed the river at that point. Vestiges of a small water channel sometimes referred to as a 'canal' can be seen nearby. Wheal Eliza Mine was an unsuccessful copper and iron mine on the river near Simonsbath.
The river passes under a late medieval six-arch stone Landacre Bridge in Withypool, and the Tarr Steps, a prehistoric clapper bridge possibly dating from 1000 BC. The stone slabs weigh up to 5 tons apiece. According to local legend, they were placed by the devil to win a bet. The bridge is long and has 17 spans. It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade I listed building. In Dulverton the river is crossed by the Barle Bridge.
Ecology
The river flows through the Somerset Wildlife Trust's Mounsey Wood Nature Reserve and Knaplock and North Barton SSSI, first notified in 1954, which are within Exmoor National Park. These sites are home to species such as the kingfisher and Knaplock and North Barton is one of the only sites of great burnet on Exmoor. The river itself has been recorded as a habitat for the Eurasian otter.
Recreation
Angling
Salmon and trout are regularly fished from the Barle.
Walking
For much of its route, the river's banks are the path of the Two Moors Way footpath.
Kayaking and canoeing
The upper reaches of the Barle have favourable rapids which appeal to whitewater kayakers. The rapids are Graded at 2 (3-) which beginner to intermediate kayakers and canoeists paddle.
See also
Rivers of the United Kingdom
References
Barle, River
Barle, River
Barle, River
Barle
1Barle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Barle |
Isaac Leopold Rice (February 22, 1850 – November 2, 1915) was a German-born Jewish American businessman, investor, musicologist, author, and chess patron. As part of a successful career in the manufacturing industry, in 1899 he acquired the Holland Torpedo Boat Company, which was renamed the Electric Boat Company and produced submarines for the U.S. and British navies. It continues today as General Dynamics Electric Boat.
Life and career
Rice was born in Wachenheim, Bavaria in 1850, the son of Mayer Rice and Fanny Sohn Rice. He emigrated to the United States with his mother in 1856. He was educated at the Central High School in Philadelphia and at nineteen he was sent to Paris, where he studied music for three years. While there he sent stories to the Philadelphia newspapers for printing. In 1868 he moved to England, where he became a teacher of music and languages. On his return to America a year later he moved to New York City and practiced music before going back to school to become a lawyer. After graduating from Columbia College Law School in 1880 he practiced law for the rest of the decade.
In the practice of law he became more aware of and involved in the transportation business, mainly in the expanding railroad empires and their multiplying legal imbroglios. He was regarded in his time as one of the ablest specialists in railroad law in the United States, and held large investments in several lines, including the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and Reading Railroad.
He was invited to start a publishing company by some associates in the music printing societies. In the 1890s he was looking to move and diversify and possibly invest early in emerging companies with a potential for growth. In 1892 he bailed out the bankrupt Electro-Dynamic Company in partnership with its proprietor, William Woodnut Griscom. He became the first president of The Forum magazine, and later the Electric Storage Battery Co. (later Exide) in 1897.
Some of the numerous other companies Rice organized or was involved in included the Electric Vehicle Company, Car Lighting and Power Company, American Casein Company, and the Consolidated Rubber Tire Company.
As president of Electric Storage, he became aware of the attempts (despite financial difficulties) since 1896 to deliver the first modern submarines for the US Navy, which ran on electric power while underwater. A year after the 1897 launch of their first vessel, the Holland VI, the management of John Philip Holland and Lewis Nixon (owner of the Crescent Shipyard in New Jersey, where Holland VI was built) found it difficult to finish making the last details operable and were running out of cash. Isaac Rice moved in, taking over and renaming the company as the Electric Boat Company on 7 February 1899. After a few months of negotiations and multiple tests, the United States Navy purchased Holland VI, renamed it USS Holland, and awarded the new company a contract to build its first fleet of s. Also in 1899, Rice added the Electric Launch Company (Elco) to his family of companies.
During World War I, Rice's new company (Electric Boat) and its subsidiaries (notably Elco) built 85 Navy submarines and 722 submarine chasers, along with 580 Motor Launches for the British Royal Navy (in the World War I era Electric Boat's submarines were built by subcontractors, primarily Fore River Shipbuilding in Quincy, Massachusetts). Electric Boat was a founding company of General Dynamics Corporation, which is the company's Cold War progeny.
In 1902 he received from Bates College the honorary degree of LL.D.
The books published by Rice include: "What Is Music?" (New York, 1875), which was supplemented by "How the Geometrical Lines Have Their Counterparts in Music" (ib. 1880). The latter work was subsequently made part of the "Humboldt Library of Science." He also contributed a large number of articles to the Century, The Forum, of which he was a founder, and North American Review.
Personal life
Rice married Julia Hyneman Barnett (1860–1929) on December 12, 1885. His "intellectual partner" and an "accomplished musician", Julia B. Rice campaigned successfully against the horns and whistles of ships and founded the Society for Suppression of Unnecessary Noise (1907). They had six children: Muriel "Polly" (1888–1926), Dorothy "Dolly" (1889–1960), Isaac Leopold Jr., Marion "Molly" (1891–1990), Marjorie "Lolly" (1893–1980) and Julian. Dorothy Rice (Peirce, Sims) and Marion Rice Hart both became famous sportswomen—aviators, among other things—and writers. Isaac and Julia, Muriel and Dorothy are buried in a family plot at Woodlawn Cemetery in Ocala, Florida.
Rice died at the Hotel Ansonia in New York City on November 2, 1915. The obituary does not give the cause of death, but does state that he sold his Electric Boat stock for two million dollars (in 1915 money) a few months prior to it. He is interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, Ocala, Florida.
Chess
Rice was a prominent figure in the American chess world. He became president of the Manhattan Chess Club, and presented for competition several trophies, including the one that was competed for annually by cable by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, representing England, and those of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Columbia, representing the United States.
In 1895 he discovered a variation of the Kieseritzky gambit, which then became known as the Rice Gambit. He then sponsored tournaments where the opening became the starting point of each game. Emanuel Lasker and Mikhail Chigorin were two of many players who contested these tournaments, with bonus prizes for white wins. In 1904 he formed the Rice Gambit Association which published a detailed analysis of the effects of the move.
Notable chess game
Rice played White in this game against Wordsworth Donisthorpe, played in London in 1892. 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Be7 4.Bc4 Bh4+ 5.g3 fxg3 6.O-O d5 7.exd5 gxh2+ 8.Kh1 Bh3 9.Qe2+ Kf8 10.Rd1 Bg4 11.d4 Nf6 12.Nc3 Nh5 13.Ne4 f5 14.Rf1 "Fine repartee. If Black now take the knight, White recovers with advantage by 15 Nxh4+." Nd7 15.Qg2 Bf6 16.Neg5 Qe7 17.Ne6+ Kf7 18.Nfg5+ Bxg5 "A beautiful termination is here avoided if 18...Kg6 19 Qxg4 fxg4 20 Bd3+ Kh6 21 Nf7 mate." 19.Qxg4 Bxc1 20.Qxh5+ g6 21.Rxf5+ "White's conduct of the attack is of high scientific order. This involves a well devised sacrifice of the exchange which we find sound in various intricate complications." Nf6 22.d6 "White's play in the main deserves special marks of distinction." cxd6 23.Rxf6+ "Quite in keeping with the fine quality of the preceding train of moves on White's part." Qxf6 24.Qd5 "White administers the quietus with this very clever stroke." b5 25.Qb7+ Qe7 26.Ng5+ Kf6 27.Ne4+ Qxe4+ 28.Qxe4 1-0 Annotations by World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz in the New York Tribune.
References
Notes
Further reading
Dorothy Rice Sims, Curiouser and Curiouser, a Book in the Jugular Vein, illustrated by the author (Simon & Schuster, 1940) – autobiographical,
- Reprint of letter from John Philip Holland regarding a lawsuit against him by Electric Boat
External links
It took more than half a century for credit to catch up with Holland, in part because of the efforts of his business partners ... in Electric Boat, Isaac L. Rice, lawyer Elihu B. Frost, engineers Frank Taylor Cable and Lawrence York Spear, and naval constructor, Arthur Leopold Busch
CorpWatch : General Dynamics at www.corpwatch.org Site covering the history of General Dynamics beginning with Electric Boat Company
Dutch Submarines: Bill of Complaint Electric Boat Company – J.P. Holland Ironic lawsuit filed by Isaac L. Rice and Electric Boat against John Philip Holland in October 1905
(including 1 "from old catalog")
1850 births
1915 deaths
American musicologists
American financiers
American industrialists
American manufacturing businesspeople
19th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesspeople
American company founders
Columbia Law School alumni
American chess players
Jewish chess players
Chess patrons
Bavarian emigrants to the United States
People from Bad Dürkheim (district)
American non-fiction writers
19th-century chess players
19th-century American lawyers
19th-century American philanthropists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20Rice%20%28businessman%29 |
Crystal Crazy is an action game, published by Casady & Greene for the Classic Mac OS in 1993. It is the sequel to Crystal Quest. The aim of the game is to collect crystals. Unlike Crystal Quest, which included a "Critter Editor," Crystal Crazy has no functionality for easily editing aspects of the game such as the enemy graphics.
Versions of Crystal Crazy before 1.05 do not have sound on PowerPC-based Macintoshes. The last version is 1.06. It is not possible to play this game on Intel-based Macs without an emulator (a technique that would work with any modern operating system).
Gameplay
The player commands a spaceship piloted by a cow. When all in-game lives are expended, a cutscene depicts a cow in a spaceship, flying across the screen, towing a banner that says, "In space, no one can hear you moo."
The general objective of Crystal Crazy is to collect all the crystals on a given stage, and often to complete other quests, then escape through an opening at the bottom of the screen. At higher levels, the opening will change size at a fixed rate.
Quests include erasing or revealing paintings by navigating the spaceship over the canvas; knocking pool balls into the exit opening; breaking wine glasses and other fragile objects against the edge of the screen; or simply defeating all the enemies on a given level.
Bonuses, which add to the player's numeric score, are often scattered across the levels and can be collected.
Occasionally, a bonus round tasks the player with collecting as many items as possible, before escaping through the exit opening, while avoiding being crushed by two walls converging from either side of the screen. The player's performance during bonus rounds adds to their score.
Moving the mouse directs the spaceship in the appropriate direction. Clicking the mouse fires the spaceship's weapon. By default, the weapon releases one fixed-direction projectile per click. Power-ups enable the player to shoot multiple or homing projectiles, or add to the player's defensive capabilities, bestowing upon them various types of shields. Hitting enemies with projectiles weakens them, and enemy-launched projectiles can destroy the player's spaceship.
The player can use a limited number of bombs, denoted by a cherry bomb icon, to destroy all on-screen enemies. Advanced levels include mines that will destroy the player's spaceship upon contact.
As the player progresses, the enemies, portrayed as simple, pixelated sprites, become faster and develop the ability to shoot various projectiles. At higher stages, asteroids will float across the screen to impede the player, and can be destroyed piece-by-piece by shooting them with projectiles.
Reception
Computer Gaming World in March 1994 stated that Crystal Crazy "shows how to do a sequel right" and "just as fun" as "its hallowed predecessor".
References
External links
Crystal Crazy at GameFAQs
1993 video games
Classic Mac OS games
Classic Mac OS-only games
Shooter games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United States
Casady & Greene games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Crazy |
HMS Pegasus was a Doterel-class screw composite 6-gun sloop launched on 13 June 1878. She was sold for scrap in 1892.
Design
The Doterel class were a development of the Osprey-class sloops and were of composite construction, with wooden hulls over an iron frame. The original 1874 design by the Chief Constructor, William Henry White was revised in 1877 by Sir Nathaniel Barnaby and nine were ordered. Of 1,130 tons displacement and approximately 1,100 indicated horsepower, they were capable of approximately 11 knots and were armed with two 7" muzzle loading rifled guns on pivoting mounts, and four 64-pound guns (two on pivoting mounts, and two broadside). They had a crew complement of approximately 140 men.
Construction
Pegasus was laid down at Devonport Royal Dockyard in 1877 and launched on 13 June 1878. She was commissioned on 5 March 1879, and was classified as both a sloop of war and as a colonial cruiser. She was capable of attaining under full steam or 15 knots under sail.
Service history
The primary purpose of ships of her class was to maintain British naval dominance through trade protection, anti-slavery, and long term surveying. Pegasus served on the China Station.
Occupation of Port Hamilton
With a view to forestalling Russian intentions, on 16 April 1885 Pegasus, Agamemnon and Firebrand occupied Port Hamilton, a small group of islands in the Jeju Strait off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The base was demolished and the occupation ended on 27 February 1887 after the Russian threat had diminished.
Fate
Pegasus was sold to George Cohen for breaking on 11 August 1892.
References
Doterel-class sloops
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon
1878 ships
Victorian-era sloops of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Pegasus%20%281878%29 |
158P/Kowal–LINEAR is a periodic comet in the Solar System that has an orbit out by Jupiter.
The Minor Planet Center had the comet coming to perihelion on 9 May 2021, and JPL had the comet coming to perihelion on 12 May 2021. A close approach to Jupiter on 24 July 2022 will notably lift the orbit and increase the orbital period. The next perihelion passage will be in 2036 at a distance of 5.2 AU from the Sun.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
158P/Kowal-LINEAR – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
158P at Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0158
Discoveries by Charles T. Kowal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/158P/Kowal%E2%80%93LINEAR |
Zone Warrior is a three-dimensional space combat simulator game written by Julian James for Mac OS and published by Casady & Greene in 1997. It was originally released as ZOA (for Zone of Avoidance). In Zone Warrior, the player is the lone defender of a remote space station under attack by aliens.
The game was followed by a sequel, then Julian James ported the original to iOS.
Gameplay
Reception
Mac OS
The Macintosh Bible Guide to Games commented on the "remarkable" level of detail of the graphics.
iOS
IGN praised the graphics and controls, comparing it the 1979 arcade game Asteroids, finding the early levels easy but the later very challenging.
Touch Arcade called it "an enjoyable shooter", comparing it to Star Raiders and again Asteroids. Pocket Gamer awarded the game its silver award rating, despite finding the controls challenging.
Legacy
A sequel, Zone Warrior II, was released for OS X in 2001.
References
External links
Zone Warrior at gamedb.com
1997 video games
Casady & Greene games
Classic Mac OS games
IOS games
Single-player video games
Space combat simulators
Video games developed in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20Warrior |
Wapping Autonomy Centre (also known as The Anarchist Centre) was a self-managed social centre in the London Docklands from late 1981 to 1982. The project was initially funded by money raised by the benefit single Persons Unknown/Bloody Revolutions, as well as benefit gigs by Crass and The Poison Girls.
Project
The centre was set up in a rented space in Metropolitan Wharf, Wapping in 1981. The initial costs were paid using funds raised from a benefit single. It was a split single composed of Persons Unknown by The Poison Girls and Bloody Revolutions by Crass.
The warehouse had been suggested by Andy Martin from the anarchist Little A printers who worked in the building. Like later squatted centres, it had no alcohol or music licences.
Activities
During its short lifespan, the Autonomy Centre became an important focal point for the anarcho-punk movement in the UK and Europe. Most of those involved with the project were anarchists who participated in protests and direct action against targets such as vivisection laboratories, the meat industry and the policies of then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The Kill Your Pet Puppy collective organised events. Some of the bands that regularly played at the centre included Anthrax, The Apostles, Cold War, Conflict, Rudimentary Peni Hagar the Womb were formed in the toilets.
Albert Meltzer records that the centre was "Ronan Bennett's brainchild." He goes on to say that "the punk support, especially from followers of Crass and Poison Girls, was substantial. Punk has lasted a couple of decades, long outlasting the proposed club. With the punks' money came the punks, and in the first week they had ripped up every single piece of furniture carefully bought, planned and fitted, down to the lavatory fittings that had been installed by Ronan from scratch, and defaced our own and everyone else's wall for blocks around. In the excitement of the first gigs where they could do as they liked, they did as they liked and wrecked the place. Loss of club, loss of money, loss of effort. End of story."
The centre eventually folded when the benefit parties failed to pay the rent.
Legacy
Many of those involved with the centre went on to become active at the Centro Iberico, a squatted project with similar aims and ethos in west London.
The centre also inspired other squatted self-managed projects in London such as the Ambulance Station on Old Kent Road, Molly's Café on Upper Street and the Bingo Hall (now the Garage) at Highbury Corner.
Penny Rimbaud from Crass commented "It was a good try. We’d made all this money to defend Persons Unknown and it wasn’t needed. I think it was something in the region of ten grand, which was a lot of money in those days."
See also
Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom
1 in 12 Club
121 Centre
ABC No Rio
St Agnes Place
Warzone Collective
References
External links
Photographs from the centre on the Kill Your Pet Puppy website
The Autonomy Centre record label
1981 establishments in the United Kingdom
1981 in London
1982 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1982 in London
Anarchist collectives
Anarchist organisations in the United Kingdom
Anarcho-punk venues
Autonomism
Former buildings and structures in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Infoshops
Social centres in the United Kingdom
Wapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping%20Autonomy%20Centre |
Bartholomew Edward Scott (born August 18, 1980) is an American sports analyst and former football player. Scott was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for eleven seasons. After playing college football for the Southern Illinois Salukis, he was signed by the NFL's Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2002. Scott was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2006. After playing his first seven years with the Ravens, Scott signed with the New York Jets in 2009. He would play his final four seasons for the Jets.
He was employed as an NFL analyst for CBS television from 2013 to 2017. Scott is currently employed as the co-host of Bart and Hahn weekdays 12 to 2 on ESPN Radio in New York City.
Early years
Scott attended Southeastern High School in Detroit, coached by (Drake Wilkins) where he played running back and linebacker on the football team. Scott's assistant coach, Reinard Davis, recalled that "[Scott] went 110 percent on every snap and never came off the field." During his senior year, Scott recorded 76 tackles and led the team in rushing with 635 yards.
More than one hundred colleges sent recruiting letters; however, low SAT scores made colleges wary of offering Scott a scholarship. Scott later improved his test scores to ensure eligibility. During July workouts for a Michigan high school all-star game, Scott was impressive on the field, catching the interest of coach Bryan Masi. Masi contacted Dan Enos, a friend and an assistant coach at Southern Illinois; the Southern Illinois staff decided to offer Scott a scholarship.
Scott continues to return to Southeastern High School nearly every year to speak with students. Additionally, Scott paid for new uniforms and equipment in 2005 and provided money to upgrade the weight room in 2007. Scott also paid to have a new set of bleachers installed at the school after vandals stole the school's former bleachers. In honor of Scott's accomplishments on and off the field, Southeastern retired his jersey in 2008.
College career
At Southern Illinois University, Scott played linebacker and safety for the Southern Illinois Salukis football team. As a junior, Scott was suspended from the team for the final six games of the season following an altercation with defensive coordinator Michael Vite who chastised Scott for eating during a locker room meeting. At the end of the year, the team's entire coaching staff was fired; Jerry Kill was hired as the new head coach. Kill had been warned by a former staff members about Scott's behavior. However, Kill was impressed by Scott, calling him "a captain and leader." During his senior year, Scott led the team with 127 tackles and 5.5 sacks; earning first-team All-Gateway conference honors.
Kill touted Scott's abilities to several NFL teams but only the Baltimore Ravens sent out a scout to assess Scott. The scout was impressed by Scott and three days following the 2002 NFL Draft, after going undrafted, Scott signed a contract with the Ravens.
Scott later returned to Southern Illinois in 2005 to finish his academic studies, graduating with a degree in economics. Scott later became a first-ballot member of the Southern Illinois' Hall of Fame.
Professional career
Baltimore Ravens
During Scott's first three years with Baltimore, he was a special teams standout. However, he saw little time in the defensive rotation. In his rookie season, he played in all 16 regular season games and recorded five tackles and one interception on defense while tying with another teammate to lead the team in special teams tackles at 17. He made his NFL debut at the Carolina Panthers on September 8, 2002. The following season, he again played in all 16 games and one post-season game, recording nine tackles and one fumble recovery on defense. His 19 special teams tackles, a career high, ranked second on the team. In the 2004 season, he played in 13 games, making 17 special teams tackles, adding five tackles on defense playing as a safety and linebacker.
Scott saw significant playing time during the 2005 season as Ray Lewis suffered a hamstring injury, playing in all 16 games and making 10 starts. He finished the season with 119 tackles, four sacks, two forced fumbles, one fumble recovery and four passes defended. Scott signed a three-year, $13.5 million contract extension with the Ravens, turning down an offer from the Cleveland Browns. In 2006, Scott ended the season with a career-high 135 tackles, 9.5 sacks, two interceptions and nine passes defended. He played in the Pro Bowl in Hawaii as an alternate after being elected to replace his teammate Ray Lewis. Scott was named to the Associated Press' second All-Pro team.
Scott started all 16 games for the second straight season and recorded 131 tackles, one sack and three passes defended. On December 3, 2007, Scott was penalized twice for unsportsmanlike conduct in the fourth quarter of the Monday Night Football game against the New England Patriots. The second call came after Scott picked up the official's flag from the first call and threw it. Following the game, teammate Samari Rolle made accusations of disrespectful language by the official involved. In his final year with Baltimore, Scott again started all 16 games contributing with 104 tackles, 1.5 sacks and five passes defended.
New York Jets
In 2009, Scott became a free agent. Both the Ravens and New York Jets vied for Scott's services. After the Jets amended their contract offer by adding a year to the deal, Scott signed the six-year, $48 million contract with New York on February 27, 2009. This would reunite him with head coach Rex Ryan, his former defensive coach in Baltimore, whom Scott has stated he would follow anywhere.
Scott started every game in his first season with New York, finishing the year with 92 tackles and a sack.
After the Jets defeated the New England Patriots in an AFC Divisional Playoff game on January 16, 2011, ESPN's Sal Paolantonio approached Scott for an interview. Scott interrupted Paolantonio with a rant supporting his team and antagonizing "non-believers." A clip of the interview went viral after being posted on YouTube. Despite Scott's boasting, the Jets lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship the following week. On March 3, 2011, Scott made an appearance for professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) on their TNA Impact! television show, appearing alongside Hulk Hogan and Ric Flair at a wedding ceremony between Jeff Jarrett and Karen Jarrett and in the end tapping out to Kurt Angle's ankle lock.
Scott's final two years with the Jets were marred by struggles and controversy on and off the field. On January 1, 2012, the day after the Jets missed the playoffs after losing their last 3 games, Scott was fined $10,000 for showing an obscene gesture in front of a cameraman while in the locker room. That September, Scott threatened to assault a photographer in the Jets' locker room. In November, Scott tried and failed to organize a media boycott; however, it lasted only a few moments. Later that month, Scott verbally attacked fans after the Jets gave up 35 second quarter points in a 49-19 blowout loss to New England. The Jets failed to make the playoffs in Scott's final two seasons with the team putting up a combined record of 14–18. According to Pro Football Focus, Scott ranked last among inside linebackers in tackling efficiency in 2012.
The Jets released Scott on February 19, 2013.
NFL statistics
Broadcasting career
Television career
After drawing some interest from teams during the off-season, Scott retired and was hired by CBS Sports as an analyst for CBS Sports Network's That Other Pregame Show.
In February 2014, it was announced that Scott would join CBS' The NFL Today for the 2014 season. In 2017, it was announced that Scott was replaced by Nate Burleson.
In December 2021, Scott seemingly advocated for the Baltimore Ravens to injure Joe Burrow in future games after they lost to the Cincinnati Bengals 41-21. While speaking ESPN's "Get Up", he said in reference to Burrow, "He's gonna get the rib shot. He's gonna get the neck shot. He's going to get the tackle the arms, bust his head off the ground shot" and also that the Ravens had put a "red dot" on him.
Radio career
In November 2017, Scott was named as the replacement, along with Chris Carlin and Maggie Gray, for long-time WFAN host Mike Francesa during the afternoon drive. In January 2020, alongside Alan Hahn, Scott launched a local show for ESPN New York in the mid-day slot previously occupied by Stephen A. Smith.
Personal life
Scott grew up relatively poor in the violence-filled and drug infested neighborhood of Hurlbut Street on the east side of Detroit. In spite of this, Scott received guidance from multiple sources including his parents, Dorita Adams and Bart Capers and other family members.
Scott has been very involved with the community; he is involved in multiple charities, including A Son Never Forgets, a foundation dedicated to helping those suffering with paralysis which was established by Scott himself in October 2006. Scott has also dedicated money to his former neighborhood, buying a plot of land to build a playground near his grandmother's home in addition to providing equipment and speaking with students at his alma mater, Southeastern High School.
Scott is married to Darnesha. They have three children, two sons and a daughter. Because of the concussion issue, Scott expressed at one time that he did not want his son to play football.
References
External links
New York Jets bio
Southern Illinois bio
1980 births
Living people
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football linebackers
Baltimore Ravens players
ESPN people
New York Jets players
National Football League announcers
Players of American football from Detroit
Southern Illinois Salukis football players
Southeastern High School (Michigan) alumni
SportsNet New York people
WFAN people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%20Scott |
After the departure of lead singer Chris Batstone, Suburban Legends re-released their first EP, Suburban Legends, by removing the vocal track featuring Chris, and replacing it with a vocal track of new lead singer, Tim Maurer. Suburban Legends (Tim Remix) is essentially the same album from the Orange County based ska punk band. It was first released in 2002 in Los Angeles, California by We the People Records. Its first pressing came with a green cover which was later changed to an orange cover. The green cover version is now very hard to find. The music, however, is the same on both editions. The main difference between the two versions is that the green cover edition was released by We the People Records, while the orange cover edition was self-released by the band at the end of the year. As of 2012, both versions are out of print.
Music
The instrumentals of the EP are exactly the same as the older version with Chris Batstone on vocals, except for "Don Juan" having its intro removed. The only other changes were made to the vocal tracks. Tim Maurer, having rejoined the band as vocalist, replaced the lead vocal track on all songs except Desperate. He also recorded most of the backing vocals, adding more harmony vocals compared to Chris Batstone's version. Trumpet player Aaron Bertram had recorded most of the backing vocals on the previous version of the EP, but would still do the backing vocals live.
Tim and Chris' versions have been compared by fans, who consider Chris' version to be more energetic with his powerful singing voice, while Tim's voice has been regarded as more melodious with his emotional interpretations.
On the final track, "Desperate," Vincent Walker replaces Chris Batstone's vocal track, making it another duet between him and Brian Klemm. Even though Brian Klemm also sung half of the original song, he re-recorded his vocal track for this release. During live performances of the song, Vincent Walker takes over the guitar from Brian Klemm in the second half of the song. When Tim Maurer was still the band's vocalist, he would sometimes take over Vincent's vocals of the second half.
Tracks 3 and 4, Don Juan and Alternative is Dead, had both been previously released on Suburban Legends' demo album Origin Edition and were co-written by the band's bassist at the time, Justin Meacham. Alternative is Dead was also one of the first tracks the band had written and was on the band's first demo, the Bomb Squad EP. All of these older versions featured Tim Maurer on vocals as well.
Track listing
Personnel
Tim Maurer – Vocals
Vince Walker – Trumpet, Lead vocals on "Desperate", Backing vocals
Aaron Bertram – Trumpet, Backing vocals
Brian Robertson – Trombone
Dallas Cook – Trombone
Brian Klemm – Lead guitar, Lead vocals on "Desperate"
Chris Maurer – Bass guitar
Derek Lee Rock – drums
Additional musicians
Chris Colonier
Ryland Steen
Shawn Sullivan
Suburban Legends albums
2002 albums
Albums produced by John Avila | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburban%20Legends%20%28Tim%20Remix%29 |
The Creation of the Humanoids is a 1962 American science fiction film release, directed by Wesley Barry and starring Don Megowan, Erica Elliot, Frances McCann, Don Doolittle, and Dudley Manlove. The film is not based on the plot of Jack Williamson's novel The Humanoids, to which it bears little resemblance, but on an original story and screenplay written by Jay Simms.
In a post-nuclear-war society, blue-skinned, silver-eyed human-like robots have become a common sight as the surviving population suffers from a decreasing birth rate and has grown dependent on their assistance. A fanatical organization tries to prevent the robots from becoming too human, fearing that they will take over. Meanwhile, a scientist experiments with creating human replicas that have genuine emotions and memories.
Plot
In the 23rd century, Earth is suffering the after-effects of a nuclear war that destroyed 92 percent of humanity. Lingering radiation has caused the birth rate to fall to 1.4 percent, below replacement level, and the population continues to decline. A robotic labor force maintains a high standard of living for the survivors and the humanoids of the title are an advanced type of robot created to directly serve and otherwise work closely with human beings. These humanoids are built with artificial, ultra-logical personalities and they appear human except for their blue-gray "synthe-skin", metallic eyes and lack of hair. The humanoids periodically visit recharging stations they call "temples" where they also exchange all information acquired since their last visit with a central computer they call "the father-mother".
A human organization named The Order of Flesh and Blood is opposed to the humanoids, which the members disparagingly refer to as "clickers". The Order believes the humanoids are planning to take over the world and are a threat to the very survival of the human race. The Order does not stop at illegal violent actions, including bombings. At one meeting, its members are alarmed to learn of the existence of a humanoid which has been made externally indistinguishable from a human and which has killed a man. They demand that all existing humanoids be disassembled or downgraded to a strictly utilitarian machine-like form.
Scientist Dr. Raven (Doolittle) has developed a technique called a "thalamic transplant", which transfers the memories and personality of a recently deceased human into a robotic replica of that person. The human-humanoid hybrids that result awake from the process unaware of their own transformation, although their human personalities are shut off between 4 and 5 A.M., when they report back to the humanoids at the robot temple. As Dr. Raven describes the operation, "We draw off everything that makes a man peculiar to himself. His learning, his memory: these, inter-reacting, constitute his personality, his philosophy, capability and attitude. The human brain is merely the vault in which the man is stored." With the help of Dr. Raven, the humanoids are secretly replacing humans who recently died with these replicas.
One of the leaders of the Order of Flesh and Blood, Captain Kenneth Cragis (Megowan), meets Maxine, and although she is opposed to the Order they both fall in love. In the end they discover that they, too, are advanced humanoid replicas with the minds of deceased persons. Ironically, the "real" Maxine had died in a bomb attack which the Order intended to harm only robots. Dr. Raven, a once-human replica himself, explains to Cragis and Maxine that not only are they practically immortal in their new forms they can also be the first humanoids upgraded to the highest possible level: after a minor alteration, they will be able to procreate.
Cast
Production
The Creation of the Humanoids is normally dated to 1962, the year of its general release, but one screening in 1961 is documented by an advertising flyer and the film itself displays a 1960 copyright date (MCMLX in Roman numerals), indicating that it was a complete film before the end of that year. Short items in contemporary trade publications indicate that it was being filmed in the summer of 1960 under a working title variously reported as This Time Around or This Time Tomorrow. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences lists August 1960 as the completion date. Producer-director, former child star and Hollywood area native Wesley Barry's Genie Productions was located in Hollywood, and the cast and crew credits are populated by Hollywood personnel, but no information about the actual filming location and other specific details has yet come to light.
The film's limited budget is most apparent from its rudimentary sets, which consist mainly of a few blank flats, floor-to-ceiling drapes, or other simple elements set up in front of a painted background scene or a black void, as well as from its costumes, most of which are either generic jumpsuits or a uniform composed of stock costume rental items such as Confederate Army caps. Yet the producers opted for the added expense of filming in color at a time when black-and-white was still being used for many major-studio productions and was readily accepted by audiences, and they obtained the services of two top-tier behind-the-camera talents, albeit in the twilights of their careers.
Cinematographer Hal Mohr had a very extensive Hollywood career and two Academy Awards to his credit. Mohr used lighting and camera angles to make the best of the sets and add some visual interest to the long, actionless talking-head scenes that make up nearly all of the film. He sometimes used classic Hollywood "glamor lighting" techniques when photographing the normal-looking "human" characters, giving some scenes a degree of visual polish seldom seen in a low-budget exploitation film.
Jack Pierce was Universal Pictures' master makeup artist during all of the 1930s and most of the 1940s and created the iconic Frankenstein and Bride of Frankenstein makeups among many others. The most unusual features of Pierce's makeup design for this film are the large reflective scleral contact lenses that give the humanoids the appearance of having metal ball eyes. The lenses were furnished by Dr. Louis M. Zabner, an optometrist who pioneered the use of contact lenses to change actors' eye color and is credited in the film for "special eye effects". At that time, scleral lenses were made of a hard plastic. Wearing them was uncomfortable and they had to be removed frequently. Pierce had used similar silvery lenses in 1957 for brief close-ups in The Brain from Planet Arous. Most of the considerable time and effort it took to apply the rest of the humanoid makeup was spent on hiding the actors' hair, which it would have been unthinkable to expect them to actually shave off for a few days' work in a low-budget film. Latex rubber "bald wigs" were glued on, eyebrows were stuck down flat, then putty was carefully applied to cover rough textures and blend in tell-tale edges. Finally, the actors' heads were painted all over with blue-gray greasepaint and they were given rubber gloves of the same color.
The musical score consists of electronically generated sounds and wordless female vocalizing that suggests the Theremin music often used in science fiction films of the 1950s (e.g., The Day the Earth Stood Still and It Came from Outer Space). The credit appearing in the film is "Electronic Harmonics by I.F.M." The Internet Movie Database lists producer Edward J. Kay as the composer, though this information is nowhere verified.
Release
A general theatrical release through Emerson Film Enterprises was launched with an official opening in Los Angeles on 3 July 1962. An advertising campaign was begun, including the broadcast of short TV spots. Unlike most film posters of the time, which were printed by a four-color process that allowed a full range of eye-catching colors to be used, the posters for this film were two-color printings limited to black, white, red, grays, pinks and browns. The use of a two-color poster for a small independent black-and-white film was not uncommon, but it was unusual when one of the selling points of the film being advertised was the fact that it was in color.
Makeup artist Jack Pierce participated in the 1962 publicity campaign by giving interviews and by making up Los Angeles TV movie host Wayne Thomas as a humanoid, complete with silvery contact lenses, during a live broadcast. Progress in the application of the makeup was televised during commercial breaks in the unrelated film being shown. The live segments were temporarily saved on videotape and rebroadcast several times in the following days.
After running its theatrical course in drive-ins, low-end suburban theaters, "kiddie matinees" and urban theaters specializing in exploitation films, the film was released to television, where it was being shown by late 1964. It was released on Beta and VHS videocassettes by Monterey Home Video in 1985 and was later available from Something Weird Video. The first licensed DVD release came in 2006 on a double-feature disc from Dark Sky Films.
The film's running time is often listed as 75 minutes. The Dark Sky DVD release runs 84 minutes and is presented in anamorphic 16:9 widescreen, which approximates the matted aspect ratios most commonly used for 35 mm projection in the United States in 1962. The earlier videocassette releases are not pan-and-scan versions of a widescreen image, but simply unmatted full-frame 1.33:1, revealing areas at the top and bottom of the image not normally seen in a theater.
Reception
The film's theatrical run was apparently not commented on in the mainstream press. The public reception as measured by theater attendance and profitability is unclear, but one 1962 item in the trade paper Variety notes that "Creation of the Humanoids and Invasion of the Animal People at the Fox shape to a sock $10,000", "sock" being a favorable term in that publication's show-business jargon and $10,000 the week's box office receipts at the Fox theater.
After its 1964 television debut, references to more than its title began to appear. In 1965, Susan Sontag briefly mentioned some story details in her essay on science fiction films entitled The Imagination of Disaster.
Later critical opinion
"Slow, stagy cheapie" – Leonard Maltin.
"This interesting film...is badly let down by Simms' over-talkative script." – The Aurum Film Encyclopedia – Science Fiction.
"Incredible little film" – Michael Weldon, The Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film.
"...a highly underrated gem of considerable worth [and] a perfect illustration of how science-fiction should work as a literature of ideas rather than of special effects." – Richard Scheib, Moria – The Science Fiction, Horror and Fantasy Film Review.
"Yes, it is ham-handedly, painfully un-subtle, but making a film with this message in the early 1960s, with the storms of the civil rights movement still raging, required considerable courage on the part of the filmmakers." – Erick Harper, DVD Verdict.
"Undeniably sophisticated as science fiction, The Creation of the Humanoids is one weird movie." – Glenn Erickson, DVD Savant.
In popular culture
The Creation of the Humanoids is often said to be "Andy Warhol's favorite film". The original source for this claim appears to be a 1964 art review of new Warhol paintings that begins with a short description of the film and states that the protagonists' climactic discovery is "the happy ending of what Andy Warhol calls the best movie he has ever seen." This would lead Warhol to create the Andy Warhol Robot in the 1980s with theatrical production from Peter Sellars and Lewis Allen.
It was shown on the MeTV show Svengoolie on July 31, 2021.
Selected passages from the film are embedded in the All India Radio (band) song "MovieStar".
See also
R.U.R.
List of American films of 1962
References
External links
1962 films
1960s English-language films
American independent films
1960s science fiction films
American science fiction films
Android (robot) films
Films about consciousness transfer
American post-apocalyptic films
1962 independent films
Films set in the 23rd century
Films about nuclear war and weapons
Films directed by Wesley Barry
1960s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Creation%20of%20the%20Humanoids |
Tarteel () is the Arabic word for hymnody. The term is commonly translated in reference to the Qur'an as recitation, "in proper order" and "with no haste".
In the Quran
This word is used in chapter 73 named Al-Muzzammil, verse 4 of the Qur'an:
The Arabic word translated as "slow, measured rhythmic tones" is . It is also the term used to define the rules explaining proper recitation of the Qur'an in the manner that Gabriel revealed it to Muhammad.
Meaning and practice
While reciting, one has to keep in mind the (division) and (joining) of words and sentences. The interpretation of the above-mentioned verse according to Ibn Kathir is "recite the Quran slowly, making the letters clear, for this is an assistance in understanding and pondering the meaning of the Quran."
The fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, said that is delivering words according to their (outlets for sound or intonations). Saying the words clearly and slowly and reciting with understanding and uttering the contents correctly is of prime importance. One should neither recite the Qur'an with such speed that it might become incomprehensible and bore the listener nor the recitation be so slow that it takes a long time and puts the listeners off. According to him, "Following the middle path is a virtue" or in Arabic: ().
See also
Tilawa
Tajwid
Qur'an reading
Cantillation
Al-Muzzammil
Qira'at
References
Quran reciting
Islamic terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarteel |
Sky Shadow is a clone of the 1981 Defender arcade video game published by MacSoft for the Macintosh in 1990. It was programmed by Patrick Buckland who also wrote Crystal Quest. Casady & Greene re-released the game in 1994.
Reception
Sky Shadow was critically acclaimed when originally released, featuring detailed graphics and fast-paced gameplay. It received the top score of five mice from MacUser magazine and was inducted into the Macworld magazine "Game Hall of Fame" as the Best Shoot-'em-up game of 1990.
Macworld praised Sky Shadow's graphics and sound effects as well as its gameplay, stating that "Sky Shadow is an engaging, fun, and highly addictive game". Macworld criticized its stability, stating it "often crashes", as well as its "severe penalties for minor mistakes" in that it's easy to die, whereupon the player loses all their points.
References
External links
Sky Shadow at GameFAQs
1990 video games
Classic Mac OS-only games
Classic Mac OS games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
MacSoft games
Casady & Greene games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%20Shadow |
159P/LONEOS is a periodic comet in the Solar System.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
159P/LONEOS – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
159P at Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0159
Comets in 2018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/159P/LONEOS |
Vetluzhsky (masculine), Vetluzhskaya (feminine), or Vetluzhskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Vetluzhsky District, a district of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia
Vetluzhsky (urban locality) (Vetluzhskaya, Vetluzhskoye), name of several urban localities in Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetluzhsky |
Exebridge is a village that lies on the border between Devon and Somerset, England. It lies at the confluence of the Barle and Exe rivers. Exebridge is named so because of the bridge over the River Exe that also marks the border between Devon and Somerset. It is located at .
Exmoor
Villages in Mid Devon District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exebridge |
In-flight entertainment (IFE) refers to the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight. In 1936, the airship Hindenburg offered passengers a piano, lounge, dining room, smoking room, and bar during the -day flight between Europe and America. After World War II, IFE was delivered in the form of food and drink services, along with an occasional projector movie during lengthy flights. In 1985 the first personal audio player was offered to passengers, along with noise cancelling headphones in 1989. During the 1990s, the demand for better IFE was a major factor in the design of aircraft cabins. Before then, the most a passenger could expect was a movie projected on a screen at the front of a cabin, which could be heard via a headphone socket at their seat. Now, in most aircraft, private IFE TV screens are offered.
Design issues for IFE include system safety, cost efficiency, software reliability, hardware maintenance, and user compatibility.
The in-flight entertainment on board airlines is frequently managed by content service providers.
History
The first in-flight movie was in 1921 on Aeromarine Airways, showing a film called Howdy Chicago to its passengers as the flying boat flew around Chicago.
The film The Lost World was shown to passengers of an Imperial Airways flight in April 1925 between London (Croydon Airport) and Paris.
Eleven years later, in 1932, the first in-flight television called 'media event' was shown on a Western Air Express Fokker F.10 aircraft.
The post-WWII British Bristol Brabazon airliner was initially specified with a 37-seat cinema within its huge fuselage; this was later reduced to a 23-seat cinema sharing the rear of the aircraft with a lounge and cocktail bar. The aircraft never entered service.
However, it was not until the 1960s that in-flight entertainment (other than reading, sitting in a lounge and talking, or looking out the window) was becoming mainstream and popular. In 1961, David Flexer of Inflight Motion Pictures developed the 16mm film system using a 25-inch reel for a wide variety of commercial aircraft. Capable of holding the entire film, and mounted horizontally to maximize space, this replaced the previous 30-inch-diameter film reels. In 1961, TWA committed to Flexer's technology and was the first to debut a feature film in flight. Interviewed by the New Yorker in 1962, Mr Flexner said, "an awful lot of ingenuity has gone into this thing, which started from my simply thinking one day, in flight, that air travel is both the most advanced form of transportation and the most boring.” Amerlon Productions, a subsidiary of Inflight, produced at least one film, Deadlier Than the Male, specifically for use on airplanes. Pakistan International Airlines was the first international airline to introduce this entertainment system, showing regularly scheduled films from 1962.
In 1963, Avid Airline Products developed and manufactured the first pneumatic headset used on board the airlines and provided these early headsets to TWA. These early systems consisted of in-seat audio that could be heard with hollow tube headphones. In 1979, pneumatic headsets were replaced by electronic headsets. The electronic headsets were initially available only on selected flights and premium cabins, whereas economy class still had to make do with the old pneumatic headsets. In the United States, the last airline to offer pneumatic headphones was Delta Air Lines, which switched to electronic headphones in 2003, despite the fact that all Delta aircraft since 1982, when the Boeing 767-200 was adopted, have included jacks for electronic headphones.
Throughout the early to mid-1960s, some in-flight movies were played back from videotape, using early compact transistorized videotape recorders made by Sony (such as the SV-201 and PV-201) and Ampex (such as the VR-660 and VR-1500), and played back on CRT monitors mounted on the upper sides in the cabin above the passenger seats with several monitors placed a few seats apart from each other. The audio was played back through the headsets.
In 1971, TRANSCOM developed the 8mm film cassette. Flight attendants could now change movies in-flight and add short subject programming.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, CRT-based projectors began to appear on newer widebody aircraft, such as the Boeing 767. These used LaserDiscs or video cassettes for playback. Some airlines upgraded the old film IFE systems to the CRT-based systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s on some of their older widebodies. In 1985, Avicom introduced the first audio player system, based on the Philips Tape Cassette technology. In 1988, the Airvision company introduced the first in-seat audio/video on-demand systems using LCD technology for Northwest Airlines. The trials, which were run by Northwest Airlines on its Boeing 747 fleet, received overwhelmingly positive passenger reaction. As a result, this completely replaced the CRT technology.
Today, in-flight entertainment is offered as an option on almost all wide body aircraft, while some narrow body aircraft are not equipped with any form of in-flight entertainment at all. This is mainly due to the aircraft storage and weight limits. The Boeing 757 was the first narrow body aircraft to widely feature both audio and video in-flight entertainment and today it is rare to find a Boeing 757 without an in-flight entertainment system. Most Boeing 757s feature ceiling-mounted CRT screens, although some newer 757s may feature drop-down LCDs or audio-video on demand systems in the back of each seat. Many Airbus A320 series and Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft are also equipped with drop-down LCD screens. Some airlines, such as WestJet, United Airlines, and Delta Air Lines, have equipped some narrow body aircraft with personal video screens at every seat. Others, such as Air Canada and JetBlue, have even equipped some regional jets with VOD.
For the introduction of personal TVs on board jetBlue, company management tracked that lavatory queuing went far down. They originally had two planes, one with functioning IFE and one with none; the functioning one later was called "the happy plane".
System safety and regulation
One major obstacle in creating an in-flight entertainment system is system safety. With the sometimes miles of wiring involved, voltage leaks and arcing become a problem. This is more than a theoretical concern. The IFE system was implicated in the crash of Swissair Flight 111 in 1998. To contain any possible issues, the in-flight entertainment system is typically isolated from the main systems of the aircraft. In the United States, for an aviation product to be considered safe and reliable, it must be certified by the FAA and pass all of the applicable requirements found in the Federal Aviation Regulations. The concerning section, or title, dealing with the aviation industry and the electronic systems embedded in the aircraft, is CFR title 14 part 25. Contained inside Part 25 are rules relating to the aircraft's electronic system.
There are two major sections of the FAA's airworthiness regulations that regulate flight entertainment systems and their safety in transport category aircraft: 14 CFR 25.1301 which approves the electronic equipment for installation and use, by assuring that the system in question is properly labeled, and that its design is appropriate to its intended function. 14 CFR 25.1309 states that the electrical equipment must not alter the safety or functionality of the aircraft upon the result of a failure. One way for the intended IFE system to meet this regulatory requirement is for it to be independent from the aircraft's main power source and processor. By separating the power supplies and data links from that of the aircraft's performance processor, in the event of a failure the system is self-contained, and can not alter the functionality of the aircraft. Upon a showing of compliance to all of the applicable U.S. regulations the in-flight entertainment system is capable of being approved in the United States. Certain U.S. design approvals for IFE may be directly accepted in other countries, or may be capable of being validated, under existing bilateral airworthiness safety agreements.
Cost efficiency
The companies involved are in a constant battle to cut costs of production, without cutting the system's quality and compatibility. Cutting production costs may be achieved by anything from altering the housing for personal televisions, to reducing the amount of embedded software in the in-flight entertainment processor. Difficulties with cost are also present with the customers, or airlines, looking to purchase in-flight entertainment systems. Most in-flight entertainment systems are purchased by existing airlines as an upgrade package to an existing fleet of aircraft. This cost can be anywhere from $2million to $5million for a plane to be equipped with a set of seat back LCD monitors and an embedded IFE system. Some of the IFE systems are being purchased already installed in a new aircraft, such as the Airbus A320, which eliminates the possibility of having upgrade difficulties. Some airlines are passing the cost directly into the customers ticket price, while some are charging a user fee based on an individual customers use. Some are also attempting to get a majority of the cost paid for by advertisements on, around, and in their IFE.
The largest international airlines sometimes pay more than $90,000 for a license to show one movie over a period of two or three months. These airlines usually feature up to 100 movies at once, whereas 20 years ago they would have only 10 or 12. In the United States, airlines pay a flat fee every time the movie is watched by a passenger. Some airlines spend up to $20million per year on content.
Software reliability
Software for in-flight entertainment systems should be aesthetically pleasing, reliable, compatible, and also must be user friendly. These restrictions account for expensive engineering of individually specific software. In-flight entertainment equipment is often touch screen sensitive, and can be controlled with a handset, allowing interaction between each seat in the aircraft and the flight attendants, which is wireless in some systems. Along with a complete aircraft intranet to deal with, the software of the in-flight entertainment system must be reliable when communicating to and from the main in-flight entertainment processor. These additional requirements not only place an additional strain on the software engineers, but also on the price. Programming errors can slip through the testing phases of the software and cause problems.
Varieties of in-flight entertainment
Moving-map systems
A moving-map system is a real-time flight information video channel broadcast through to cabin project/video screens and personal televisions (PTVs). In addition to displaying a map that illustrates the position and direction of the plane, the system gives (utilizing both the imperial and metric systems) the altitude, airspeed, outside air temperature, distance to the destination, distance from the origination point, and origin/destination/local time (using both the 12-hour and 24-hour clocks). The moving-map system information is derived in real time from the aircraft's flight computer systems.
The first moving-map system designed for passengers was named Airshow and introduced in 1982. It was invented by Airshow Inc (ASINC), a small southern California corporation, which later became part of Rockwell Collins. KLM and Swissair were the first airlines to offer the moving map systems to their passengers.
The latest versions of moving-maps offered by IFE manufacturers include AdonisOne IFE, ICARUS Moving Map Systems, Airshow 4200 by Rockwell Collins, iXlor2 by Panasonic Avionics and JetMap HD by Honeywell Aerospace. In 2013, Betria Interactive unveiled FlightPath3D, a fully interactive moving-map that enables passengers to zoom and pan around a 3D world map using touch gestures, similar to Google Earth. FlightPath3D was chosen by Norwegian as the moving-map on their new fleet of Boeing 787 Dreamliners, running on Panasonic's Android based touch-screen IFE system.
After the attempted Christmas Day bombing of 2009, the United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) briefly ordered the live-map shut-off on international flights landing in the United States. Some airlines complained that doing so may compel the entire IFE system to remain shut. After complaints from airlines and passengers alike, these restrictions were eased.
Audio entertainment
Audio entertainment covers music, as well as news, information, and comedy. Most music channels are pre-recorded and feature their own DJs to provide chatter, song introductions, and interviews with artists. In addition, there is sometimes a channel devoted to the plane's radio communications, allowing passengers to listen in on the pilot's in-flight conversations with other planes and ground stations.
In audio-video on demand (AVOD) systems, software such as MusicMatch is used to select music off the music server. Phillips Music Server is one of the most widely used servers running under Windows Media Center used to control AVOD systems.
This form of in-flight entertainment is experienced through headphones that are distributed to the passengers. The headphone plugs are usually only compatible with the audio socket on the passenger's armrest (and vice versa), and some airlines may charge a small fee to obtain a pair. The headphones provided can also be used for the viewing of personal televisions.
In-flight entertainment systems have been made compatible with XM Satellite Radio and with iPods, allowing passengers to access their accounts or bring their own music, along with offering libraries of full audio CDs from an assortment of artists.
Video entertainment
Video entertainment is provided via a large video screen at the front of a cabin section, as well as smaller monitors situated every few rows above the aisles. Sound is supplied via the same headphones as those distributed for audio entertainment.
However, personal televisions (PTVs) for every passenger provide passengers with channels broadcasting new and classic films, as well as comedies, news, sports programming, documentaries, children's shows, and drama series. Some airlines also present news and current affairs programming, which are often pre-recorded and delivered in the early morning before flights commence. On some US domestic airlines, live TV is offered, which includes many national news channels.
PTVs are operated via an in-flight Management System which stores pre-recorded channels on a central server and streams them to PTV equipped seats during flight. AVOD systems store individual programs separately, allowing a passenger to have a specific program streamed to them privately, and be able to control the playback.
Some airlines also provide video games as part of the video entertainment system. For example, Singapore Airlines passengers on some flights have access to a number of Super Nintendo games as part of its KrisWorld entertainment system. Also Virgin America's and Virgin Australia's Entertainment System offer passengers internet gaming over a Linux-based operating system.
Personal televisions
Most airlines have now installed personal televisions (otherwise known as PTVs) for every passenger on most long-haul routes. These televisions are usually located in the seat-backs or tucked away in the armrests for front row seats and first class. Some show direct broadcast satellite television which enables passengers to view live TV broadcasts. Some airlines also offer video games using PTV equipment. Many are now providing closed captioning for deaf and hard-of-hearing passengers.
Audio-video on demand (AVOD) entertainment has also been introduced. This enables passengers to pause, rewind, fast-forward, or stop a program that they have been watching. This is in contrast to older entertainment systems where no interactivity is provided for. AVOD also allows the passengers to choose among movies stored in the aircraft computer system.
In addition to the personal televisions that are installed in the seatbacks, a new portable media player (PMP) revolution is under way. There are two types available: commercial off the shelf (COTS) based players and proprietary players. PMPs can be handed out and collected by the cabin crew, or can be "semi-embedded" into the seatback or seat arm. In both of these scenarios, the PMP can pop in and out of an enclosure built into the seat, or an arm enclosure. An advantage of PMPs is that, unlike seatback PTVs, equipment boxes for the inflight entertainment system do not need to be installed under the seats, since those boxes increase the weight of the aircraft and impede legroom.
In-flight movies
Personal on-demand videos are stored in an aircraft's main in-flight entertainment system, whence they can be viewed on demand by a passenger over the aircraft's built in media server and wireless broadcast system. Along with the on-demand concept comes the ability for the user to pause, rewind, fast forward, or jump to any point in the movie. There are also movies that are shown throughout the aircraft at one time, often on shared overhead screens or a screen in the front of the cabin. More modern aircraft are now allowing Personal Electronic Devices (PEDs) to be used to connect to the on board in-flight entertainment systems.
Regularly scheduled in flight movies began to premiere in 1961 on flights from New York to Los Angeles. The first movie shown was By Love Possessed (1961), starring Lana Turner; it was first shown on July 19, 1961, when TWA showed it to its first-class passengers.
Closed-captioning
Closed captioning technology for deaf and hard-of-hearing passengers started in 2008 with Emirates Airlines. The captions are text streamed along with video and spoken audio and enables passengers to either enable or disable the subtitle/caption language. Closed captioning is capable of streaming various text languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Spanish, and Russian. The technology is currently based on Scenarist file multiplexing so far; however, portable media players tend to use alternative technologies. A WAEA technical committee is trying to standardize the closed caption specification. In 2009, the US Department of Transportation ruled a compulsory use of captions of all videos, DVDs, and other audio-visual displays played for safety and/or informational purposes in aircraft should be high-contrast captioned (e.g., white letters on a consistent black background [14 CFR Part 382/ RIN 2105–AD41 /OST Docket No. 2006–23999]). As of 2013, several airlines, including
United Airlines,
Qantas
Southwest
and Emirates,
have closed-captioning provided on their AVOD systems.
In-flight games
Video games are another emerging facet of in-flight entertainment. Some game systems are networked to allow interactive playing by multiple passengers. Later generations of IFE games began to shift focus from pure entertainment to learning. The best examples of this changing trend are the popular trivia game series and the Berlitz Word Traveler that allows passengers to learn a new language in their own language. Appearing as a mixture of lessons and mini games, passengers can learn the basics of a new language while being entertained. Many more learning applications continue to appear in the IFE market.
Islamic prayers and directions to Mecca
In several airlines from the Muslim world, the AVOD systems provide Qibla directions to allow Muslims to pray toward Mecca (e.g. Emirates, Turkish Airlines, Pakistan International Airlines, Etihad Airways, Malaysia Airlines, IranAir, Qatar Airways, Mahan Air, Royal Jordanian and Saudia); Saudia and Malaysia Airlines have built-in Qur'an e-books and Garuda Indonesia has a unique Qur'an channel. Saudia and Emirates also have built-in complete audio Qur'ans.
In-flight connectivity
IFE has been expanded to include in-flight connectivity—services such as Internet browsing, text messaging, cell phone usage (where permitted), and emailing. In fact, some in the airline industry have begun referring to the entire in-flight-entertainment category as "IFEC" (In-Flight Entertainment and Connectivity or In-Flight Entertainment and Communication).
The aircraft manufacturer Boeing entered into the in-flight-connectivity industry in 2000 and 2001 with an offshoot called Connexion by Boeing. The service was designed to provide in-flight broadband service to commercial airlines; Boeing built partnerships with United Airlines, Delta, and American. By 2006, however, the company announced it was closing down its Connexion operation. Industry analysts cited technology, weight, and cost issues as making the service unfeasible at the time. The Connexion hardware that needed to be installed on an aircraft, for example, weighed nearly , which added more "drag" (a force working against the forward movement of the plane) and weight than was tolerable for the airlines.
Since the shuttering of Connexion by Boeing, several new providers have emerged to deliver in-flight broadband to airlines—notably Row 44, OnAir and AeroMobile (who offer satellite-based solutions), and Aircell (which offers air-to-ground connectivity via a cellular signal).
In the past few years, many US commercial airlines have begun testing and deploying in-flight connectivity for their passengers, such as Alaska Airlines, American, Delta, and United. Industry expectations were that by the end of 2011, thousands of planes flying in the US will offer some form of in-flight broadband to passengers. Airlines around the world are also beginning to test in-flight-broadband offerings as well.
Satellite and internal telephony
Now, airlines provide satellite telephones integrated into their system. These are either found at strategic locations in the aircraft or integrated into the passenger remote control used for the individual in-flight entertainment. Passengers can use their credit card to make phone calls anywhere on the ground. A rate close to US$10.00/minute is usually charged regardless of where the recipient is located and a connection fee may be applied even if the recipient does not answer. These systems are usually not capable of receiving incoming calls. There are also some aircraft that allow faxes to be sent and the rate is usually the same as the call rate, but at a per page rate. Some systems also allow the transmission of SMS.
More modern systems allow passengers to call fellow passengers located in another seat by simply keying in the recipient's seat number.
Data communication
IFE producers have begun to introduce Intranet type systems. Virgin Atlantic's and Virgin Australia's Entertainment Systems allow for passengers to chat amongst one another, compete against each other in the provided games, talk to the flight attendants and request, and pay for in advance, food or drinks, and have full access to the internet and email. Other full service airlines such as China Airlines have launched IFEs with similar functionalities on board their Boeing 777 and Airbus A350 aircraft.
Wi-Fi
Several airlines are testing in-cabin wi-fi systems. In-flight internet service is provided either through a satellite network or an air-to-ground network. In the Airbus A380 aircraft, data communication via satellite system allows passengers to connect to live Internet from the individual IFE units or their laptops via the in-flight Wi-Fi access.
Boeing's cancellation of the Connexion by Boeing system in 2006 caused concerns that inflight internet would not be available on next-generation aircraft such as Qantas's fleet of Airbus A380s and Boeing Dreamliner 787s. However, Qantas announced in July 2007 that all service classes in its fleet of A380s would have wireless internet access as well as seat-back access to email and cached web browsing when the Airbuses started operations in October 2008. Certain elements were also retrofitted into existing Boeing 747-400s.
Sixteen major U.S. airlines now offer Wi-Fi connectivity service on their aircraft. The majority of these airlines use the service provided by Gogo Wi-Fi service. The service allows for Wi-Fi enabled devices to connect to the Internet. Delta currently has the most Wi-Fi equipped fleet with 500 aircraft that now offer in-flight Wi-Fi.
In 2019, some airlines removed seatback screens, saving money by streaming video to passenger personal mobile devices.
Mobile phone
As a general rule, mobile phone use while airborne is usually not just prohibited by the carrier, but also by regulatory agencies in the relevant jurisdiction (e.g. FAA and FCC in the US). However, with added technology, some carriers nonetheless allow the use of mobile phones on selected routes.
Emirates became the first airline to allow mobile phones to be used during flight. Using the systems supplied by telecom company AeroMobile, Emirates launched the service commercially on 20 March 2008.
Installed first on an Airbus A340-300, AeroMobile is presently operating across the entire Emirates fleet of Boeing 777s and Airbus A380s.
Ryanair had previously aimed to become the first airline to enable mobile phone usage in the air, but instead ended up launching its system commercially in February 2009. The system is set up on 22 737-800 jets based at Dublin Airport and was fitted on Ryanair's 200+ fleet off 737-800 jets by 2010.
OnAir offers inflight mobile connectivity to a range of airlines through its GSM network. The GSM network connects to the ground infrastructure via an Inmarsat SwiftBroadband satellite which provides consistent global coverage.
Virgin Australia also has an onboard Wi-Fi service, free on all domestic flights but paid based on time usage aboard international flights (as of 2020 this is no longer available), however since their takeover by Bain capital Virgin Australia has reverted to In-flight streaming without live internet access. It is said to be "reviewed" as a part of their overall goal to pull Virgin Australia from bankruptcy.
China Airlines and Singapore Airlines also have similar Wi-Fi services, paid in a similar way to Virgin Australia's service.
Backbone connectivity
While SpaceX and OneWeb are testing low Earth orbit satellites, with Amazon seeking approval for more, and companies like are working on HAPS prototypes, aircraft-based connectivity upstarts like Simi Valley, AWN or Aeronet Global Communications Services are dwindling down.
References
External links
Airline Passenger Experience Association (was previously WAEA)
Code of Federal Regulations Title 14(Aeronautics and Space)
In-flight passenger facilities
Travel technology
Aircraft cabin components
Aviation mass media | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-flight%20entertainment |
Johann Kies (September 14, 1713 – July 29, 1781) was a German astronomer and mathematician. Born in Tübingen, Kies worked in Berlin in 1751 alongside Jérôme Lalande in order to make observations on the lunar parallax in concert with those of Nicolas Louis de Lacaille at the Cape of Good Hope.
From 1742 to 1754, at the recommendation of the mathematician Leonhard Euler, he was made professor of mathematics at Berlin's Academy of Sciences and astronomer at its observatory. His reports from this time include De la Situation la plus avantageuse des planètes pour découvrir les irrégularités de leurs mouvemens, Sur les Éclipses des étoiles fixes par la lune, and Description d'un instrument qui se trouve à l'observatoire de Berlin . In his Rapport de quelques observations célestes faites à l'observatoire Royal, Kies wrote, "Observations on eclipses are extremely useful, especially the ones that are exact. They serve primarily to understand, if the theories on the Sun and the Moon are well or badly ascertained in the astronomical tables, and can either confirm them, or give us a need to reform them."
He subsequently taught also at the Collegium of Tübingen. From 1754 to 1755, Kies served as director of the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut in Heidelberg.
Kies was one of the first to propagate Newton's discoveries in Germany, and dedicated two of his works to the Englishman: De viribus centralibus (Tübingen, 1758) and De lege gravitatis (Tübingen, 1773). Kies is also the author of a work on lunar influences: De influxu lunae in partes terrae mobiles (Tübingen, 1769). He wrote many other works, both in French and in Latin, on astronomy.
Kies corresponded with Euler from 1747 to 1767. Their correspondence consists of 8 letters, all of which were written by Kies.
The crater Kies on the Moon is named after him.
Sources
Imago Mundi: Johann Kies
Euler’s Correspondents
18th-century German astronomers
18th-century German mathematicians
1713 births
1781 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Kies |
Lionheart is a 1990 American martial arts film directed by Sheldon Lettich, starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Deborah Rennard, Harrison Page and Lisa Pelikan and Brian Thompson. It also features the acting debut of Ashley Johnson. Van Damme plays a French Foreign Legionnaire stationed in Africa, who must desert to the United States and enter the underground fighting circuit to raise money for his murdered brother's family.
The film premiered in France on August 1, 1990, and opened in the U.S. on January 11, 1991. It received lackluster reviews, but marked Van Damme's breakthrough as a theatrical leading man in North America. It was released in the United Kingdom as A.W.O.L: Absent Without Leave, and in Oceania as Wrong Bet, two early titles considered by the producers.
Plot
Lyon Gaultier is in the French Foreign Legion stationed in Djibouti, East Africa. After his brother, who lives in Los Angeles, is set on fire during a drug deal gone bad, Lyon receives a letter from his sister-in-law Hélène begging him to come see his dying brother, who has been calling his name in agony. Lyon escapes the Legion in a daring breakout and sets off across the desert, until he reaches a dockyard on the coast, where he finds work aboard a tramp steamer headed for the United States. Lyon's Legion Commander, anticipating his destination, sends two of his own men to Los Angeles to bring Lyon back to meet court-martial.
Arriving in New York City with no money to cross the country to Los Angeles, Lyon is attracted to an illegal street fight being run by a tramp named Joshua Eldridge. He volunteers for the next fight and easily defeats his opponent. Impressed, Joshua takes Lyon to meet Cynthia Caldera, an unscrupulous organizer of underground fights for the rich elite. Cynthia agrees to sponsor Lyon, dubbing him "Lionheart" and setting him up in a no-holds-barred fight against Sonny, a fighter known for heavily taunting his opponents. Lyon defeats Sonny easily, then leaves with Joshua to find a phone booth to call Hélène, fending off an attack by a local street gang of punks. Joshua calls in a favor from Cynthia, who gets them both across the States to Los Angeles.
By the time Lyon reaches the hospital, his brother has died. Though his murderers were apprehended, Hélène was left penniless, with a stack of unpaid medical bills and little daughter Nicole to look after. Lyon and Joshua track down Hélène's address, but as Lyon tries to speak to Hélène, she angrily rejects his offers for much needed financial help, admonishing Lyon for deserting his brother and unjustly blaming him for her late husband's involvement in the drug business.
Lyon decides to help Hélène and Nicole without their knowledge. Through Cynthia, he joins the local street fighting circuit and has the profits delivered to Hélène in the form of checks, with Joshua claiming that her husband subscribed to life insurance prior to his death. Lyon defeats a number of high-profile fighters, including a dirty-fighting Scotsman, a wrestler in a squash court, and a martial artist in a shallow swimming pool. Seeing as Lyon is not keeping his winnings and spurns her advances, Cynthia grows suspicious of Lyon and jealous towards Hélène and puts her assistant Russell on Lyon's trail. Similarly, the two Legionnaires sent after Lyon stake out Hélène's apartment and eventually try to capture Lyon: he is saved by Russell but suffers a broken rib. Hélène, who has witnessed the attack, learns the truth about the nonexistent insurance policy, whereupon she finally acknowledges Lyon as Nicole's uncle.
Cynthia arranges for Lyon to fight with Attila, an undefeated combatant whose style includes giving his opponents the illusion of a fighting chance, only to permanently disable them with callous finishing moves. Cynthia agrees to hand Lyon over to the Legionnaires after the fight. In order to skew the odds, she shows potential bettors an altered tape of Attila which makes him look like a poor fighter, while she bets her entire fortune on Attila. Realizing Lyon is hurt, Joshua unsuccessfully tries to talk him out of the fight.
As the fight proceeds, Attila recognizes Lyon's rib wound and takes full advantage of it. When Attila appears to have won after repeatedly knocking down his opponent, Joshua begs Lyon to give up the fight and offers to split the winnings from his own bet against Lyon. This angers Lyon, who summons his remaining strength to defeat Attila with a series of kicks, knee blows and brutal punches. Lyon pummels Attila senseless but spares him, leaving Cynthia with a big debt and his family cared for with his own winning stake. The Legionaires capture Lyon, but with remorse listening to his niece's cry at the farewell to Lyon, they release him a couple of blocks away and wish him luck with his new life in America. The film ends with Lyon reunited with his family and Joshua.
Cast
Jean-Claude Van Damme as Lyon "Lionheart" Gaultier
Harrison Page as Joshua Eldridge
Deborah Rennard as Cynthia Caldera
Lisa Pelikan as Hélène Gaultier
Ashley Johnson as Nicole Gaultier
Ash Adams as Francois Gaultier
Brian Thompson as Russell
George McDaniel as Adjutant
Vojislav Govedarica (Voyo Goric) as Sgt. Hartog
Michel Qissi as Moustafa
Stefanos Miltsakis as Jeep Driver
Billy Blanks as African Legionnaire
Tony Halme as Security Guard
Clement von Franckenstein as English Investor
Abdel Qissi as Attila
Magic Schwarz as Raquetball Fighter
Paco Christian Prieto as Pool Fighter
Stuart F. Wilson as Scottish Fighter
Jeff Langton as Sonny
Tony "Satch" Williams as Garage Fighter
James Brewster Thompson as N.Y. Monster Fighter
Jeff Speakman as Mansion Security Man
Christopher M. Brown as Punk leader
Production
Development and writing
Lionheart has its roots in two different projects. Van Damme had written an outline for an underground fighting film, called The Wrong Bet. Meanwhile, his friend Sheldon Lettich was working on a script about the French Foreign Legion intended for Sylvester Stallone, for whom he had already written Rambo III. Van Damme occasionally helped Lettich with French language terms. When that film did not get made, it was decided to integrate the legionnaire backstory into The Wrong Bet to flesh out its central character.
A significant inspiration for the film was 1975's Hard Times, a favorite of both Van Damme and Lettich. The Wrong Bet followed a similar template, pairing a somber hero with a shifty yet endearing manager (respectively played by Charles Bronson and James Coburn in the classic film).
Sunil Shah of Imperial Entertainment, who had already worked with Van Damme on Black Eagle, was sold on the pitch. However he was reluctant to hire Lettich, whose WGA membership would entitle to substantial benefits and royalties. As Imperial regular Eric Karson was originally slated to direct, screenplay duties were assigned to his friend Stefani Warren, the writer of his previous movie Angel Town. Incidentally, the star of Angel Town, Imperial contract player Olivier Gruner, played a former legionnaire in that film and was a former French marine commando in real life. Looking to promote their in-house star, Imperial credited him as a military consultant on the upcoming feature.
When Warren turned in her first draft, it was deemed too sentimental to be commercially viable by everyone involved, except Karson, her friend and political ally at Imperial. At the insistence of Van Damme, Lettich was allowed to step in for a rewrite, and was eventually hired to direct. According to Lettich, the only contribution left from Warren's screenplay was the hero's nickname, "Lionheart". While her story was too slow-paced, Van Damme still hoped to show a more emotional side in the picture, as he had been hurt by previous criticism of his acting limitations. For this reason, he and Lettich decided to eschew the revenge plot common to many martial arts films, and never have the hero find his brother's killers, in order to focus on more uplifting themes.
The film's budget projections started at a mere $3 million, and went up to $6 million.
Casting
Lionheart was cast by James Tarzia, who had worked on Best of the Best, and became the leading casting agent for fight films of the era. Fighters' auditions took place at Frank Dux's gym and drew close to one thousand candidates. Jeff Speakman served as line reader, substituting for Jean-Claude Van Damme during the film's casting sessions but, as he was trying to make his mark in acting without flaunting his martial arts skills, he only appeared in a non-fighting bit part. Van Damme's friend Michel Qissi returned as one of the legionnaires tracking down Lyon to the United States, while his brother Abdel Qissi made his acting debut as final opponent Attila.
Brian Thompson, a good friend of Lettich's, was immediately hired as the main antagonist's right-hand man. Ashley Johnson, who plays Lyon's young niece, made her acting debut in this film. She was noticed when she accompanied family friends to an audition for the film while on a holiday trip to Los Angeles.
Filming
Principal photography began on November 8, 1989. The majority of the film was shot in the Los Angeles area, including scenes set in New York City. Jean Dry Lake, in the Nevada desert, stood in for Djibouti in the film's escape scene. As a first time director, Lettich felt challenged by some members of his crew, and had an especially contentious relationship with cinematographer Robert C. New, whom he came close to firing.
Fight choreography was a joint effort between Van Damme, Michel Qissi and Frank Dux. The tussle with Jeff Langton in the underground car park was originally one of the film's athletic showpieces, but Van Damme wanted to surprise the audience and suggested ending it quickly with a kick to the groin. Van Damme's nude scene also came at the actor's own request during the shoot.
Post production
Music
Stephen "Steve" Edwards, who would later become a martial arts film staple, produced a synthesizer demo for the film's score. However, Imperial brass saw the film's potential and extended the budget to give it a full orchestral score by British veteran John Scott. While it incorporated some of the composer's jazz background, Lettich expected more of that urban vibe, and did not feel Scott's work was a good fit for some scenes. For the intro to the pool fight, he reinserted one of Edward's demo tracks. Another scene was amped up with a licensed song by Bill Wray.
Alternate versions
As an independent production, the film received a number of alternate edits to satisfy the sensibilities of international distributors and their respective markets. It seems that the most complete version is the R18+ version of Wrong Bet released as part of a two VHS boxset with the original and uncut R18+ version of Kickboxer. This was only distributed in Australia and New Zealand by Palace Films and The Movie Group in the late 1980s to mid 1990s. Every other version, including the more widely known Lionheart, has been cut. The violence is toned down, certain scenes were re-edited and shortened and random lines were cut. The closest version available is the original Australian DVD release of Wrong Bet. However, even this version is cut.
Release
Pre-release
The film was screened at the Cannes Film Market on May 18, 1990, under the title A.W.O.L. On August 2, 1990, it was reported that the film had been picked up by Universal Studios in the U.S. It was Van Damme's first film to be released by a major studio in the territory.
Theatrical
Lionheart debuted on August 1, 1990 in France, where the star had accrued an early following thanks to his francophone background. Released there as Full Contact, it became his first film to cross the symbolic one-million-spectator threshold in the country, finishing with 1,226,025 admissions.
In the United States, the film opened on January 11, 1991. It was another breakthrough for the actor, debuting in 3rd position with sales in excess of $7 million during its first weekend. Although it fell down the charts rather quickly, the film finished its domestic run with a tally of $24,078,196, by far the best of Van Damme's career up to that point.
Home media
The film made its domestic home video debut on VHS on June 25, 1991, through MCA/Universal Home Video.
On June 12, 2018, the film received a special edition Blu-ray from MVD Entertainment Group as part of their "MVD Rewind" line, to which Van Damme and Lettich have personnally collaborated. It contains a version that Lettich calls "very close to the Director's Cut [he] had originally turned in to the producers."
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 39% rating based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 4.4/10. On Metacritic it has a score of 41% based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times called it "a sub-Schwarzenegger thriller" that "has that grotesquely off-scale exaggeration of many post-'80s action movies." Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly had a slightly more favorable opinion of the film, saying that it "is nicely shot and edited, and it comes about as close to being a real movie as you get in this genre." Richard Harrington of The Washington Post described it as "really little more than a change of costume and locations for an overly familiar plot."
Soundtrack
Lionheart'''s score was composed and produced by John Scott and recorded by the Munich Symphony Orchestra. Intrada Records released the film's soundtrack album on CD in 1990. Subsequent reissues by German label DigiDreams include the licensed song "No Mercy" by Bill Wray, which features in the film but was omitted from the Intrada version.
Some of the cues composed for the film by Steve Edwards were released on a 1998 promotional CD compilation of his work by his talent agency SMC, and simply titled Film Music.
Legacy
While Van Damme went on to appear in bigger and more lucrative films, he has acknowledged the picture's enduring popularity with his fans, saying "The audience loves Lionheart because it's sincere with the relationships, brotherhood, friendship, love, betrayal." Lettich added: "People love the characters. [...] Van Damme's female fans seem especially enamored of this film because it was the first (and possibly the best) to showcase JCVD's softer, more compassionate side. [...] He's getting himself bruised and bloodied in these brutal street fights so that his little niece can get a new bicycle.
A follow-up to Lionheart has been considered on several occasions. In 2014, director Albert Pyun said that he had been approached to direct a remake of the film. By 2016, the film was listed in the production slate of Moonstone Entertainment, owner of the Imperial library since 2013, but it did not happen.
In February 2018, Van Damme announced on social media that an actual sequel—simply called Lionheart 2''—would enter production later that year, but it was quickly called off.
References
External links
1990 films
1990s action films
1991 martial arts films
1991 films
American action films
American martial arts films
American boxing films
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by Sheldon Lettich
Films with screenplays by Jean-Claude Van Damme
Films scored by John Scott (composer)
1990 directorial debut films
Martial arts tournament films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionheart%20%281990%20film%29 |
Kalpakam Swaminathan (15 August 1922 – 6 April 2011) was a vainika (veena player) of Carnatic music.
Profile
Kalpakam was born in Sethalapathi village in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Her mother Abhayambal initiated her into the world of Carnatic music when she was eight years of age. Her tutelage continued under such as Kallidaikuruchi Ananthakrishna Iyer, TL Venkatarama Iyer, Musiri Subramania Iyer, Budalur Krishnamurthy Shastrigal, Tiger Varadachariar and Mysore Vasudevachar.
Her veena technique followed the Thanjavur baani or style which is characterized by its strong commitment to producing musical graces (gamakas) in the manner they would be rendered vocally. She had a vast repertoire of Muthuswami Dikshitar's compositions, including those from the Abhayamba, Kamalamba, Neelotpalamba and Thyagaraja vibhakti series, Vara kritis and Panchalinga series. She is considered an authority in her renditions of this composer's work. She also performed together with Gottuvadyam doyen Budalur Krishnamurthy Sastrigal on many occasions.
She was brought into the teaching profession by 'Tiger' Varadachariar. He inducted her into the teaching faculty at Kalakshetra, where she spent many years in the 1940s and 1950s. From 1964 she taught at the Tamil Nadu Government Music College (formerly Central College of Carnatic Music). She retired as a full professor in 1980. She brought up many students like Smt. Kamala Ashwathama (mother of Veenai E.Gayatri), Nirmala Rajasekar, Subadra, S. R. Padmavathi, Sujatha (Madurai AIR), L. Ramakrishnan, V. Hemalatha, Vijayalakshmi Viswanathan, K. Saraswathi Vasudev.
Awards
Notable awards include the Kalaimamani title from the Government of Tamil Nadu, Sangeet Natak Akademi Award from the President of India, Sangeetha Kala Acharya title of the Madras Music Academy, Sangeetha Seva Nirata awarded by Sree Thyagaraja Vidwat Samajam, Acharya Choodamani from Sri Krishna Gana Sabha in August 2005 and the Veene Sheshanna Award in July 2008.
References
External links
Veena exponent passes away, The Hindu, 7 April 2011
Saveris or sweet recipes, she taught them with finesse, The Times of India, Aug 15, 2023
Audio link to the song SiddhIshwarAya namastE, rAga nIlambari, recorded 5 August 2004
Video link to the song hastivadanAya namastubhyam, rAga navarOj, recorded Sept 15, 2007
Saraswati veena players
1922 births
2011 deaths
Place of death missing
People from Tiruvarur district
Tamil musicians
20th-century Indian musicians
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpakam%20Swaminathan |
Vincenzo Caianiello (2 October 1932 – 26 April 2002) was an Italian jurist, member of the Constitutional Court of Italy from October 23, 1986, to October 23, 1995.
Born in Aversa, Campania, he was the president of the Constitutional Court from September 9, 1995, to the end of his term in office. His term was the shortest of any president of the Court. In January 1996 he became Minister of Justice in Lamberto Dini's government and resigned from office in May of same year.
Caianiello died in Rome in 2002.
1932 births
2002 deaths
People from Aversa
Italian jurists
Italian Ministers of Justice
Judges of the Constitutional Court of Italy
Presidents of the Constitutional Court of Italy
20th-century jurists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo%20Caianiello |
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