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The Oldham Theatre and Music Workshop is a youth theatre group based in the north west of England.
Outline
Founded by David Johnson in , the Oldham Theatre Workshop has a purpose-built studio located in its own building off Oldham's Union Street, in company with a gallery, a museum and a library.
The workshop provides all-year-round drama training to young people, with classes ranging from the playful and fun 6–8-year-olds, to challenging, devising and practitioner study for those aged 16–25. Each year the workshop produces two large-scale productions — one in December, one in June — which were often staged at the historic Oldham Coliseum Theatre until its closure.
The Oldham Theatre Workshop is now managed by the Education and Cultural Services Department of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England.
Former members
Many well-known actors began and developed their interest in the performing arts at the Theatre Workshop, with previous members including:
References and notes
External links
Friends of Oldham Theatre Workshop
Buildings and structures in Oldham
Youth theatre companies
Theatre companies in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldham%20Theatre%20Workshop |
Gentiobiose is a disaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose joined with a β(1->6) linkage. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water or hot methanol. Gentiobiose is incorporated into the chemical structure of crocin, the chemical compound that gives saffron its color. It is a product of the caramelization of glucose. During a starch hydrolysis process for glucose syrup, gentiobiose, which has bitterness, is formed as an undesirable product through the acid-catalyzed condensation reaction of two D-glucose molecules. One β-D-glucose unit elongation of the bitter disaccharide reduces its bitterness by a fifth, as determined by human volunteers using the trimer, gentiotriose. Gentiobiose is also produced via enzymatic hydrolysis of glucans, including pustulan and β-1,3-1,6-glucan.
References
Disaccharides | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentiobiose |
Khansar (), also Romanized as Khwānsār and Xānsār, is a city in the Central District of Khansar County, Isfahan province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district.
The history of Khansar dates back to pre-Islamic times. "Khan" meaning spring and "Sar" suffix indicate plurality. In the past, this name was given due to the abundance of springs in this region. Khansar people have an independent Khansari dialect that has its roots in the ancient Persian language and has been common in this region before Islam. According to the official census of 2016, the population of Khansar city was 21,883.
History
There are documents about the migration of a group of Jews from the time of Cyrus the Great to Khansar and their history, which are currently kept in the city of Hamadan. These documents show the historical antiquity of Khansar. Immigrant Jews lived in the Jahuda (Jida) neighborhood and left the city before the 1978 Iranian revolution.
The history of this city goes back to pre-Islamic times, including the history of the existence of a fire temple called Tir, as well as a temple called Hikal located in Tir Mountain near the village of Tidjan and finally the tombstone that contains information in Pahlavi script and in Qudjan village has been found.
According to some records, the city dates back to Alexander's time. It is believed that Alexander passed through this place when he went to Isfahan and one of the battlefields of Alexander and Darius III in the region between Khansar, Kahrud and Isfahan was that Darius was defeated in this war.
During the Afghan invasion of Iran, Ashraf Afghan tried to capture the city with an army, but after facing resistance from the people, the siege was defeated and he withdrew.
After Islam, Khansar was in the realm of the Umayyads, the Abbasids, the Taherians, the Saffarids, the Dilmians, the Seljuks, and the Khwarezm Shahis. Early in the 7th century AH, the Mongols opened up the area, causing extensive damage. After that, Timur Lang invaded the center of Iran, including Khansar, and looted and killed many. During the Safavid period, Khansar was one of the important centers of science, literature and industry. Due to the special attention of Safavid kings to this city, handicrafts and workshops flourished in this city. Workshops such as oil painting, chit weaving, pottery, wool weaving, carpet weaving, spoon weaving, sewing and embroidery were also known. Tahmasb led to Khansar's cultural progress.
Among other incidents, the forced migration of a number of Khorasan Arabs by order of Nader Shah from Khorasan to a part of the city that is now known as Saudi Arabia, is now located east of Khansar. After the capture of Isfahan by the Afghans, Allahyordi Khan kept 10,000 IRGC troops in Khansar for nine months. During the Safavid era, during the Afghan invasion of Isfahan and then Khansar, the people of Khansar agreed with the Afghan army not to enter the city and in return to receive all the books and scientific copies that came with them in exchange for food. One of these valuable books was a linear Qur'an known as the Qur'an.
During the Qajar period, Khansar was considered, and some rulers with a ministry background were appointed to Khansar's government.
Population
At the 2006 National Census, Khansar's population was 20,490 in 6,019 households. The following census in 2011 counted 21,338 people in 6,655 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 21,883 people in 7,092 households. The majority of the population consists of Persians in national composition.
Etymology
The word Khansar is written and pronounced in several ways, including Khavansar, Khanisar, Khoonsar, Khosar, Khansar and Khunsar. The word consists of two parts, the khan and the sar. khan means spring and pond, and the suffix sar indicates plurality.
Some believe that one day a camel driver came to this place with his camels and was caught by thieves and finally his blood was shed.
In other words, Khansar can mean the place of honey production.
Geography
Khansar is located on both sides of a narrow valley through which the Khansar River, a stream about wide, flows in a north-easterly direction to Qom.
Khansari language
Khansari is one of the Central Iranian languages and a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages. UNESCO has declared the language to be one of the most endangered languages due to the sharp decline in the number of speakers due to migration from the city.
The people of Khansar do not have a specific dialect, but they have an independent Khansari language, which has its roots in ancient Persian and has been common in this city since before Islam.
Transport
The nearest airport is in the city of Aligudarz, 32 km west of Khansar.
Distance to Isfahan city (provincial capital) is about 150 km
Tourism
Natural tourism
Khansar has many natural attractions, so it is known as a tourist attraction in the region and the province. This mountainous city is high and has a mountainous steppe with a variety of pebbles.
Golestankooh Laleh plain
Golestan-Kooh is a region 15 km south of Khansar city with a latitude of 33.10 and a longitude of 5.024 and an altitude of 2750 meters. This pleasant climate plain has suitable summer conditions. The area is covered in spring with a variety of weeds and wild onions (shallots) and a variety of beautiful flowers, including tulips, lashes, inverted tulips, groves, fire tulips, mountain tulips. These flowers grow among the bushes and even on the rocks and have medicinal properties.
Khansar Garden Alleys
The city of Khansar is a perfect example of a garden city in Iran. The trees grew in the shape of a green arch. Most of its water resources are in the form of springs. 450 current springs inside the city is one of the greenery factors of the city, which attracts tourists and nature lovers every year.
Sarcheshmeh Natural Park
Sarcheshmeh Park is located as one of the typical tourist areas with an area of 15 hectares in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in the south of the city. There are several water springs in the park as the main supplier of agricultural water to the city. The average number of tourists entering the park in the first six months of the year is close to 3,000 on normal days and over 12,000 during the holidays. The Sarcheshmeh Khansar tourism sample area was built in 2010 in coordination with the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Isfahan Province.
Gallery
Notable people
Adib Khansari, classical musician
Ali Shojaei, Iranian football player
Hacham Uriel Davidi, Jewish religious leader
Mohammad Javad Zarif Khonsari, Iranian Diplomat and Academic, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)
Ali Akbar Mehrabian, Iranian politician, Ministry of Energy (Iran)
Seyyed Ahmad Khansari, theologian, Marja'
Seyyed Mohammad Tagi Khansari, theologian, Marja'
Yadollah Kaboli Khansari, calligrapher
Mahmoud Mahmoudi Khansari, traditional singer
References
Khansar County
Cities in Isfahan Province
Populated places in Khansar County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khansar%2C%20Iran |
java.net was a Java technology related community website. It also offered a web-based source code repository for Java projects. It was shut down in April 2017.
History
java.net was announced by Sun Microsystems during JavaOne 2003.
In January 2010, Oracle announced that it will migrate java.net portal to Project Kenai codebase, encouraging users to move their Kenai projects to java.net.
In June 2016, Oracle announced that "the Java.net and Kenai.com forges will be going dark on April 28, 2017."
Javapedia
The Javapedia project was launched in June 2003 during the JavaOne developer conference. It is part of java.net.
The project aims at creating an online encyclopedia covering all aspects of the Java platform. The Javapedia project is openly inspired by Wikipedia.
The prominent differences between Wikipedia and Javapedia include feature restrictions (for example, editing is open to registered users only), software used (TWiki), links (camelCase is used), and content licensing (Creative Commons 1.0 Attribution license).
See also
Comparison of source code hosting facilities
Notes
External links
java.net
Javapedia
Free software websites
Wiki communities
Java platform
Computing websites | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java.net |
In politics, name recognition is the ability a voter has to identify a candidate's name due to a certain amount of previous exposure through various campaigning methods. It can be described as the awareness voters have about specific candidates resulting from various forms of campaign advertising. Some of the advertising methods used by candidates running for various offices are creating posters, making yard signs, bumper stickers and attempting to get media exposure, are a few examples of how they achieve this. Though candidates can achieve high name recognition and exposure, this does not necessarily mean that the average voter has a good understanding of their ideologies, positions and stances on political issues.
Effects
The ability of a citizen to recognize a candidate's name can impact the effect of their voting behavior and which candidates they select when casting their ballots. Exposure to a candidate's name, with or without the conscious awareness of the name recognition, can lead to an increase in the candidate's likability. One explanation for this is the recognition heuristic, when applied to voting behavior, which is the ability to recognize a political figure's name which leads the people to believe that they should support that specific candidate. The ability to recognize a candidate's name can occur consciously or subconsciously through various forms of subliminal messages and advertising. One of the reasons behind the reoccurring incumbency effect, or the constant trend of people re-electing politicians who currently hold the position up for election, is due to the effects of name recognition. According to a study performed in Name Recognition and Candidate Support by Cindy D. Kam and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister, after a three-day subliminal exposure to a candidate's name, there can be an increase in support for this politician. These reasons described are the factors that explain why politicians spend such large amounts of money and work very hard to make their names recognizable to the voting population. There are proven positive effects when name recognition of a candidate is accomplished.
Online advertising
Online advertising is one popular method used by political campaigns in order to gain exposure and support. The benefits of using this form of advertising are that is a very low-cost method and it has the ability to reach a large number of people quickly. Also, using the current technology available enables these campaigns to have the ability to target specific people who have a higher chance of voting for them, by using factors such as race and age. Another advantage of using online political advertisements is that it is a very effective method of achieving a higher likelihood that the candidate's name will be recognized by a larger range of people. The online world and social media gives candidates the ability to gain a large amount of exposure and name recognition, which can increase the chances that they will win in the upcoming election. Even though using online advertisements is a sufficient method in reaching a large group, it does not guarantee a win because people are constantly exposed to various online advertisements, and often by opposing candidates, as well, during election season. This popular method of advertising is efficient, but has minimal effect.
References
Elections
Political campaign techniques | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name%20recognition |
Burlyman Entertainment is a comic book company created by The Wachowskis, best known as the writer/director duo behind the Matrix Trilogy.
History
"Burlyman" was The Matrix Reloaded and Revolutions''' production codename. According to the films' visual effects supervisor John Gaeta, the title is a reference to a film they all loved; the Coen brothers' Barton Fink. He points out that the Wachowskis agonized and struggled to make the Matrix films, just like Fink had to, to write "The Burlyman" screenplay, a wrestling picture. In the introduction to The Matrix Comics Vol. 1 anthology, editor Spencer Lamm recounts an alternative origin what the Watchowskis ostensibly told him: that The Burlyman was the name of the Watchowskis' first script, a wrestling picture; that Lana Wachowski had not seen Barton Fink because it was subtitled (and when corrected, didn't want to see a movie that sounded like it should be subtitled); and that Lilly Wachowski had seen it and felt that it would have been a good movie if it had at least some wrestling in it. Despite the story, the Wachowskis are familiar with the film and included it in a list of films for people who "want to understand Hollywood".
Burlyman Entertainment first started as the publisher for The Matrix Comics series started by the Wachowskis, which was published into two separate volumes. Burlyman Entertainment also published some new, non-Matrix related comics: Shaolin Cowboy, written and drawn by comic book artist Geoff Darrow, who also served as the conceptual designer for the Matrix Trilogy, and Doc Frankenstein, written by the Wachowskis and drawn by Steve Skroce, the storyboard artist for The Matrix trilogy, and previously worked with the Wachowskis on the comic book series, Ectokid.
Since the start of the company, the release of the two ongoing series was irregular, with a professed bi-monthly release schedule that was not fulfilled. Following the release of an issue in December 2007, the company did not release anything for many years afterwards, leading to speculation it had become defunct. In August 2010, comic book creator Geof Darrow stated the company was still going and Steve Skroce was drawing a new issue for Doc Frankenstein, with plans to collect all issues in graphic novel form. In January 2014, Darrow reiterated that Burlyman is not dead, explaining that periods of inactivity are due to the Wachowskis being busy making movies, and adding that as far as he knows the Doc Frankenstein arc will be completed in 2014.
In June 2014, Steve Skroce was interviewed revealing Doc Frankestein is indeed being collected in two parts the second of which includes the final two issues, while Burlyman Entertainment's webshop was updated to include a message stating they're still in business and "big things [are] ahead". It was later announced that part two of the trade will be released in 2015, but this was later delayed to 2016. A trade of Shaolin Cowboy was also announced for release on December 3, 2014. The rights to the Shaolin Cowboy issues published now belong to Dark Horse Comics who published them in 2018 under the title Shaolin Cowboy: Start Trek.
Oversized deluxe hardcover editions for The Matrix Comics and Doc Frankenstein (completing the story) have been announced for release in November 2019.
Among its seemingly canceled projects, the first volume of The Matrix Comics featured an advertisement for The Art of The Matrix Reloaded, Revolutions. During initial testing a dummy version of the Reloaded book came at 588 pages, bigger and thicker than the original Art of The Matrix book. After Geof Darrow suggested that the books have been canceled due to their immense size and thus cost compared to the perceived demand, the last update on the books status was in 2006 in the form of a forum post by editor Spencer Lamm declaring that they had been sidetracked by the V for Vendetta: From Script to Film book and that they had yet to fully develop the idea of how to create the two Art books.
Appearances
The company made an appearance at the 2004 Comic-Con in San Diego which included an actual "Burly Man" (looking very much like their company mascot), and two "Burly Babes" passing out giveaways branded with the company logo and ongoing series' titles. Later, the Wachowskis appeared and asked questions from the audience, making it one of their few public appearances over the last decade.
In the movie V for Vendetta, posters for a film 'Burlyman 7' can be seen in the background of a tube train and several street scenes.
TitlesThe Matrix ComicsShaolin CowboyDoc Frankenstein''
References
External links
Official Facebook page
Comic book publishing companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlyman%20Entertainment |
found: quantity of sheep were an Australian experimental rock band based in Perth that formed in 2001 as a collaboration between Trent Barrett and Neil Rabinowitz. Their name was taken out of a lost and found advertisement. The band were a decidedly studio-based project only managing to ever play live once. found: quantity of sheep announced in 2005 that their second album would be their last.
Members
Trent Barrett (Guitar, effects, vocals)
Neil Rabinowitz (Bass, effects, keys)
Michael Winlo (Guitar)
Cam Barrett (Drums, percussion)
found: quantity of sheep are also noted for the large number of local musicians they collaborate with on their albums. Over two albums the band have collaborated with the following musicians and bands:
Simon Carter
Jamie McNamara
Sam Leiblich
Joel Adams
Tristen Parr
Lizzie Kennedy
Kathy Potter
Ben Franz
Tilman Robinson
Aleksia Barron
Ben Shannahan
Radarmaker
Giovanni Torre
found: quantity of sheep have released two albums – one self-titled the other titled monkey+valve.
Album: found: quantity of sheep
found: quantity of sheep was released in 2003 after two years recording. The album was produced by bassist Neil Rabinowitz predominantly at vocalist Trent Barrett's home. It was mastered by James Hewgill and funded by the Commonwealth Foundation through the Australia Council, its arts funding and advisory body. It contains the following tracks as well as various untitled tracks:
"überdisschwasschlung"
"orestes' vision"
"watch out nigel..."
"instructions for lost machines"
"our good slave"
"any time at all"
"every time I close my eyes,"
"this is my greatest fear"
Album: monkey+valve
found: quantity of sheep's second album was released on 7 July 2005 after two years recording. The album was released both in audio CD form or containing an additional DVD as well. The DVD boasted a video for each track on the album, each directed by local film makers. The album was produced by Neil Rabinowitz and mastered by James Hewgill. The DVD was designed and authored by Noah Norton and Wendi Graham of Radarmaker fame as well as band member Trent Barrett. The album was funded by the Government of Western Australia arts fund. The album contained the following tracks:
"untitled" – 0:07 (film by Balthazaar)
"ex vacuo" – 4:46 (film by Guy Hamilton Howlett)
"lapsang" – 7:12 (film by Andrew Ewing)
"the organ grinder's monkey" – 2:12 (film by Noah Norton and Wendi Graham)
"lapsang and beyond the infinite" – 0:51 (film by Richard Eames)
"boo-blay see, boo-blay do" – 0:34 (film by Giovanni Torre)
"every movie you've ever seen" – 4:59 (film by found: quantity of sheep)
"iflm (a remix)" – 3:49 (film by Cat Hope)
"lost white poodle (lapsang souchang)" – 1:27 (film by Karen de San Miguel)
"in a whisper (science fiction battles in your head)" – 4:55 (film by Julie Williams and Mike Gasmire)
References
External links
The Official found: quantity of sheep Website
An interview with the band that appeared in Rockus Online Magazine
Australian post-rock groups
Western Australian musical groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found%3A%20quantity%20of%20sheep |
The Dutch resistance () to the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands during World War II can be mainly characterized as non-violent. The primary organizers were the Communist Party, churches, and independent groups. Over 300,000 people were hidden from German authorities in the autumn of 1944 by 60,000 to 200,000 illegal landlords and caretakers. These activities were tolerated knowingly by some one million people, including a few individuals among German occupiers and military.
The Dutch resistance developed relatively slowly, but the February strike of 1941 (which involved random police harassment and the deportation of over 400 Jews) greatly stimulated resistance. The first to organize themselves were the Dutch communists, who set up a cell-system immediately. Some other very amateurish groups also emerged, notably, De Geuzen, set up by Bernardus IJzerdraat, as well as some military-styled groups, such as the Order Service (Dutch: Ordedienst). Most had great trouble surviving betrayal in the first two years of the war.
Dutch counterintelligence, domestic sabotage, and communications networks eventually provided key support to Allied forces, beginning in 1944 and continuing until the Netherlands was fully liberated. Of the Jewish population, 105,000 out of 140,000 were murdered in the Holocaust, most of whom were murdered in Nazi death camps. A number of resistance groups specialized in saving Jewish children. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust estimates that 215–500 Dutch Romanis were killed by the Nazis, with the higher figure estimated as almost the entire pre-war population of Dutch Romanis.
Definition
The Dutch themselves, especially their official war historian Loe de Jong, director of the State Institute for War Documentation (RIOD/NIOD), distinguished among several types of resistance. Going into hiding, was generally not categorized by the Dutch as resistance because of the passive nature of such an act. Helping these so-called onderduikers (lit. "divers"), people who were prosecuted and therefore hid from the Nazi occupiers, was recognized as an act of resistance, but more or less reluctantly so. Non-compliance with German rules, wishes or commands, or German-condoned Dutch rule, was also not considered resistance.
Public protests by individuals, political parties, newspapers, or churches were also not considered to be resistance. Publishing illegal papers – something the Dutch were very good at, with 1,100 separate titles appearing, some reaching circulations of more than 100,000 for a population of 8.5 million – was not considered resistance per se. Only active resistance in the form of spying, sabotage, or with arms was what the Dutch considered resistance. Nevertheless, thousands of members of all the 'non-resisting' categories were arrested by the Germans and often subsequently jailed for months, tortured, sent to concentration camps, or killed.
Up until the 21st century, the tendency existed in Dutch historical research and publications to not regard passive resistance as 'real' resistance. Slowly, this has started to change, in part due to the emphasis the RIOD has been putting on individual heroism since 2005. The Dutch February strike of 1941, protesting the deportation of Jews from the Netherlands, the only such strike to ever occur in Nazi-occupied Europe, is usually not defined as resistance by the Dutch. The strikers, who numbered in the tens of thousands, are not considered resistance participants. The Dutch generally prefer to use the term illegaliteit ('illegality') for all those activities that were illegal, contrary, underground, or unarmed.
After the war, the Dutch created and awarded a Resistance Cross ('Verzetskruis', not to be confused with the much lower ranking Verzetsherdenkingskruis) to only 95 people, of whom only one was still alive when receiving the decoration, a number in stark contrast to the hundreds of thousands of Dutch men and women who performed illegal tasks at any moment during the war.
Prelude
Prior to the German invasion, the Netherlands had adhered to a policy of strict neutrality. The country had strong bonds with Germany, and not so much with Britain. The Dutch had not engaged in war with any European nation since 1830. During World War I, the Dutch were not invaded by Germany and the anti-German sentiment was not as strong after the war as it was in other European countries. The German ex-Kaiser had fled to the Netherlands in 1918 and lived there in exile. The German invasion, therefore, came as a great shock to many Dutch people. Nevertheless, the country had ordered general mobilization in September 1939. By November 1938, during the Kristallnacht, many Dutch people received a foretaste of things to come; German synagogues could be seen burning, even from the Netherlands, (such as the one in Aachen). An anti-fascist movement started to gain popularity – as did the fascist movement, notably the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB).
Despite strict neutrality, which implied shooting down British as well as German planes crossing the border into the Netherlands, the country's large merchant fleet was severely attacked by the Germans after 1 September 1939, the beginning of World War II. The sinking of the passenger liner SS Simon Bolivar in November 1939, with 84 dead, especially shocked the nation.
German invasion
On May 10, 1940, German troops started a surprise attack on the Netherlands without a declaration of war. The day before, small groups of German troops wearing Dutch uniforms had entered the country. Many of them wore 'Dutch' helmets, some made of cardboard as they did not have enough originals. The Germans deployed about 750,000 men, three times the strength of the Dutch army; some 1,100 planes (Dutch Army Air Service: 125) and six armoured trains. They destroyed 80% of the Dutch military aircraft on the ground in one morning, mostly by bombing. The Dutch army, a cadre-militia consisting of professional officers and conscript NCOs and ranks, was inferior to the German Army in many respects: it was poorly equipped, had poor communications, and was poorly led. However, the Germans lost some 400 planes in the three days of the attack, 230 of them Junkers 52/3, the strategically-essential transport for airborne infantry and paratroopers, a loss that they would never replenish and thwarted German plans for attacking England, Gibraltar and Malta with airborne forces.
The Dutch forces succeeded in defeating the Germans in the first-ever large-scale paratroop-cum-airborne attack in history and in recapturing the three German-occupied airfields surrounding the Hague at the end of the first the day of the attack. Noteworthy were the privately-financed but Army-operated anti-aircraft guns, positioned on suspected approach routes that would overfly the industries that put up the money for them. The Dutch Army Cavalry, which did not have operational tanks, deployed several squadrons of armoured cars, mainly near strategic airfields. The German follow-up attacks overland were three-pronged (Frisia-Kornwerderzand, Gelderland-Grebbe Line, Brabant-Moerdijk) and were all stopped either fully or long enough to allow the Dutch army to demolish the German air-mobile divisions and mop up the lightly armed paratroopers and airborne troops around The Hague. That circumstance, together with the anti-aircraft guns, of which German intelligence had not been aware because they had been purchased by civilians, contributed to the failure of the German units of paratroopers and airborne infantry to capture the Dutch government and force a quick surrender.
Instead, the Dutch government and queen managed to escape, and the Germans succeeded in imposing only a partial surrender. The Dutch state remained in the war as a combatant and immediately made its naval assets available for the joint allied war effort, starting with the evacuation from Dunkirk. During the Battle of Java Sea in 1941, the British, American and Australian Navies were led by a Dutch naval officer: Rear Admiral Karel Doorman.
The major areas of intensive military resistance were:
The Hague and the area to the north of it. Dutch forces succeeded in decimating the two German airborne divisions that had landed with the task of capturing the Dutch government. These hostilities are known as the Battle for The Hague. This unexpected setback caused panic in the German military leadership, which ordered the undefended city centre of Rotterdam to be wiped out in order to force an off-the-battlefield solution and stop the effective resistance by the Dutch forces. Before this terror bombardment, the Royal Netherlands Navy managed to ship some 1300 captured German shock troops to England, providing their allies with first-hand intelligence about this novel type of airborne warfare.
The Grebbe line, a north-south line some east of the capital Amsterdam, from Amersfoort to the Waal, fortified, with field guns, and extensive inundations. The Dutch only surrendered after three days of hard fighting, known as the Battle of the Grebbeberg, with heavy losses on both sides. Having taken the Grebbeberg, the German forces were confronted by the next setback: during the battle the old Dutch Water Line had been inundated and thus reactivated.
Kornwerderzand, with a bunker-complex that defended the eastern end of the Afsluitdijk connecting Friesland to North Holland and was held until ordered to capitulate. Dutch Army troops repelled wave after wave of German attackers, with support from the Royal Netherlands Navy cruising offshore on the North Sea. A small force of some 230 infantrymen stopped a complete German cavalry division in what become known as the Battle of the Afsluitdijk. The exposed stretch of dam leading to the bunker-complex became known among the Germans as the Totendam.
Rotterdam, the bridges over the Maas River. Two school companies of Royal Netherlands Marines managed to keep a complete German army at bay until the bombardment of Rotterdam forced the commanding officer, General Winkelman, to accept a partial surrender. Elsewhere, Dutch forces stayed in the war; in Europe the fight continued from Zeeland (Battle of Zeeland) to Dunkirk, where a Dutch Royal Navy officer, Lodo van Hamel, assisted in the evacuation of allied troops. Van Hamel was first to parachute back into the Netherlands a few months later, with the mission to set up the resistance in the Netherlands. He was captured, tried and executed.
The Dutch succeeded in stopping the German advance for four days. By then, the Germans had already invaded some 70% of the country but failed to enter the urban areas to the west. The eastern provinces were relatively easy to overrun because they had been deliberately left lightly defended in order to create strategic depth. Adolf Hitler, who had expected the occupation to be completed in two hours or a maximum of two days (the invasion of Denmark in April 1940 had taken only one day), ordered Rotterdam to be annihilated to force a breakthrough as the attack was clearly failing on all fronts. That led to the Rotterdam Blitz on 14 May that destroyed much of the city centre, killed about 800 people, and left about 85,000 homeless. Furthermore, the Germans threatened to destroy every other major city until the Dutch forces capitulated. The Dutch military leadership, having lost the bulk of their air force, realized they could not stop the German bombers but managed to negotiate a tactical, instead of national, capitulation, unlike France a few weeks later. As a result, the Dutch State, unlike the French State, remained at war with Germany, and the Germans authorities had to ask every individual Dutch soldier to desist from further hostilities as a condition for their release from detention as a prisoner-of-war. The first act of resistance was, therefore, the refusal by members of the Dutch forces to sign any document to that effect.
The 2,000 Dutch soldiers who died defending their country, together with at least 800 civilians who perished in the flames of Rotterdam, were the first victims of a Nazi occupation that was to last five years.
Initial German policy
The Nazis considered the Dutch to be fellow Aryans and were more manipulative in the Netherlands than in other occupied countries, which made the occupation seem mild at least at first. The occupation was run by the German Nazi Party rather than by the Armed Forces, which had terrible consequences for the Jewish citizens of the Netherlands. This was the case because the main goals of the Nazis were the Nazification of the populace, the creation of a large-scale aerial attack and defense system, and the integration of the Dutch economy into the German economy. As Rotterdam was already Germany's main port, it remained so, and collaboration with the enemy was widespread. Since all government ministers had successfully evaded capture by the Germans, the secretaries-general staying behind had no alternative but to carry on as best as possible under the new German rulers. The open terrain and dense population, the densest in Europe, made it difficult to conceal illegal activities; unlike, for example, the Maquis in France, who had ample hiding places. Furthermore, the country was surrounded by German-controlled territory on all sides, offering few escape routes. The entire coast was forbidden territory for all Dutch people, which makes the phenomenon of Engelandvaarder an even more remarkable act of resistance.
The first German round-up of Jews in February 1941 led to the first general strike against the Germans in Europe (and indeed one of only two such throughout occupied Europe), which shows that the general sentiment among the Dutch population was anti-German.
It was the social democrats, Catholics, and communists who started the resistance movement. Membership of an armed or military organized group could lead to prolonged stays in concentration camps, and after mid-1944, to summary execution (as a result of Hitler's orders to shoot resistance members on sight – the Niedermachungsbefehl). The increasing attacks against Dutch fascists and Germans led to large-scale reprisals, often involving dozens, even hundreds of randomly chosen people who, if not executed, were deported to concentration camps. For example, most of the adult males in the village of Putten were sent to concentration camps during the Putten raid.
The Nazis deported the Jews to concentration and extermination camps, rationed food, and withheld food stamps as punishment. They started large-scale fortifications along the coast and built some 30 airfields, paying with money they claimed from the national bank at a rate of 100 million guilders a month (the so-called 'costs of the occupation'). They also forced males between the ages of 18 and 45 to work in German factories or on public work projects. In 1944 most trains were diverted to Germany, known as 'the great train robberies', and in total some 550,000 Dutch people were selected to be sent to Germany as forced laborers. Males over the age of 14 were deemed 'able to work' and females over the age of 15. Over the next five years, as conditions became increasingly difficult, resistance became better organized and more forceful. The resistance managed to kill high-ranking collaborationist Dutch officials, such as General Hendrik Seyffardt.
In the Netherlands, the Germans managed to exterminate a relatively large proportion of the Jews. They were found more easily because before the war the Dutch authorities had required citizens to register their religion so that church taxes could be distributed among the various religious organizations. Furthermore, shortly after the Nazis took over the government, they demanded all Dutch public servants fill out an "Aryan Attestation" in which they were asked to state in detail their religious and ethnic ancestry. The American author Mark Klempner writes, "Though there was some protest, not just from the government employees, but from several churches and universities, in the end, all but twenty of 240,000 Dutch civil servants signed and returned the form." In addition, the country was occupied by the oppressive SS rather than the Wehrmacht as in the other Western European countries, as well as the fact that the occupying forces were generally under the command of Austrians who were keen to show that they were 'good Germans' by implementing anti-Semitic policy. The Dutch public transport organization and the police collaborated to a large extent in the transportation of the Jews.
Resistance organization
As early as 15 May 1940, the day after the Dutch capitulation, the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN) held a meeting to organize their underground existence and resistance against the German occupiers. It was the first resistance organization in the country. As a result, some 2,000 communists were to lose their lives in torture rooms, concentration camps or by firing squad. On the same day Bernardus IJzerdraat distributed leaflets protesting against the German occupation and called on the public to resist the Germans. This was the first public act of resistance. IJzerdraat started to build an illegal resistance organization called De Geuzen, named after a group who rebelled against Spanish occupation in the 16th century.
A few months after the German invasion, a number of Revolutionary Socialist Worker's Party (RSAP) members including Henk Sneevliet formed the Marx–Lenin–Luxemburg Front. Its entire leadership was caught and executed in April 1942. The CPN and the RSAP were the only pre-war organizations that went underground and protested against the antisemitic action taken by the German occupiers.
According to CIA historian Stewart Bentley, there were four major resistance organizations in the country by the middle of 1944, independent of each other:
National Organization for Helping People in Hiding (Landelijke Organisatie voor Hulp aan Onderduikers, LO); it became the most successful illegal organization in Europe, set up in 1942 by Helena Kuipers-Rietberg and Frits Slomp complete with its own illegal social services Nationaal Steun Fonds run by Walraven van Hall that paid a kind of dole on a regular basis throughout the war to all families in need, including relatives of sailors and hideaways. Of the 12,000 to 14,000 participants in the LO, 1,104 were killed or died in prison camps.
LKP ("Landelijke Knokploeg", or National Assault Group, literally translated "brawl crew" or "goon squad"), with about 750 members in the summer of 1944 conducting sabotage operations and occasional assassinations. The LKP provided many of the ration cards to the LO through raids. Leendert Valstar ('Bertus'), Jacques van der Horst ('Louis') and Hilbert van Dijk ('Arie') organized local Assault Groups into the LKP in 1943. The number of members of the LKP is rather precise since their members were registered after the war. 2,277 was their number in September 1944. A third were members before this time. 514 members of the LKP died. Only one of the top LKP members survived the war – Liepke Scheepstra. Helena-Rietberg, one of the founders of the LO, was betrayed and died in Ravensbruck concentration camp.
RVV ("Raad van Verzet" or Council of Resistance), engaged in sabotage, assassinations, and the protection of people in hiding.
OD ("Orde Dienst" or Order of Service), a group preparing for the return of the exiled Dutch government and its subgroup the GDN (Dutch Secret Service), the intelligence arm of the OD.
CS 6
Another, more radical group, was called 'CS 6'. It was probably named for the address where they were based, 6 Corelli street in Amsterdam. According to Loe de Jong, they were by far the most deadly of the resistance groups, committing some 20 assassinations. Having been started in 1940 by the brothers Gideon and Jan Karel ('Janka') Boissevain, the group grew quickly to some 40 members and made contact with the Dutch communist and surgeon Gerrit Kastein.
They targeted the highest-ranking Dutch collaborators and traitors, but duly became the victim of the most dangerous Dutch traitor and German spy, Anton van der Waals. Included in the list of their victims was the Dutch General Seyffardt, who was used by the Germans to head the Dutch SS-legion. They also managed to assassinate an assistant minister, Reydon, and several police chiefs. However, the planned assassination of the best known Dutch traitor and collaborator, Dutch Nazi-party leader Anton Mussert, was delayed and could never be accomplished. Their activities in eliminating Dutch collaborators prompted the 1943 'Silbertanne' covert murder reprisals by the Dutch SS. By 1944 treason and strain had decimated their ranks.
NSF
In addition to these groups, the NSF ("Nationale Steun Fonds", or National Support Fund) financial organization received money from the exiled government to fund operations of the LO and KP. It also set up large-scale scams involving the national bank and the tax service that were never discovered. The principal figure of the NSF was the banker Walraven van Hall, whose activities were discovered by chance by the Nazis and who was shot at the age of 39. Because of Van Hall's work, the Dutch resistance was never short of money. A monument for van Hall was opened in Amsterdam in September 2010.
Churches
The Reformed churches and the Catholic churches joined together in resisting Nazi occupation. The Netherlands was about 48 percent Reformed churches and 36 percent Catholic churches at that time. Previous to the war the split between the Reformed churches and Catholic churches was profound. The resistance brought the churches together in their common struggle. In 1941, they jointly condemned the government's laws and actions, and formed ecumenical bonds that denounced anti-Semitism in all its forms. Many Catholic and Reformed churches became the centre of resistance activities in all but name. The clergy also paid a high price: Forty-three reformed clergy were killed and forty-six Catholic priests lost their lives.
Both denominations cooperated with many illegal organizations and made funds available, for instance, to save Jewish children. Many priests and ministers were arrested and deported; some died, such as Carmelite priest Titus Brandsma, a professor of philosophy and an early outspoken critic of Nazism, who eventually succumbed to illness in Dachau concentration camp, and Father Raskin, a priest in the CICM Missionaries, who operated under the codename Leopold Vindictive 200 and was beheaded by the Gestapo on 18 October 1943. Monseigneur De Jong, archbishop of Utrecht, was a steadfast leader of the Catholic community and an opponent of the German occupiers. The Catholic stance on the protection of converted Jews, among others Edith Stein, a philosopher who was then also a nun in a Dutch convent, led to special prosecution of those Jews, sister Stein being deported. After the war, captured documents showed that the Germans feared the role of the churches, especially when Catholics and Protestants worked together.
Resistance activities
On 25 February 1941, the Communist Party of the Netherlands called for a general strike, the 'February strike', in response to the first Nazi raid on Amsterdam's Jewish population. The old Jewish quarter in Amsterdam had been cordoned off into a ghetto and as retaliation for a number of violent incidents that followed, 425 Jewish men were taken hostage by the Germans and eventually deported to extermination camps, just two surviving. Many citizens of Amsterdam, regardless of their political affiliation, joined in a mass protest against the deportation of Jewish Dutch citizens. The next day, factories in Zaandam, Haarlem, IJmuiden, Weesp, Bussum, Hilversum and Utrecht joined in. The strike was largely put down within a day with German troops firing on unarmed crowds, killing nine people and wounding 24, as well as taking many prisoners. Opposition to the German occupation intensified as a result of the violence against non-combative Dutch people. The only other general strike in Nazi-occupied Europe was the general strike in occupied Luxembourg in 1942. The Dutch struck four more times against the Germans: the students' strike in November 1940, the doctors' strike in 1942, the April–May strike in 1943 and the railway strike in 1944.
The February strike was also unusual for the Dutch resistance, which was more covert. Resistance in the Netherlands initially took the form of small-scale, decentralized cells engaged in independent activities, mostly small-scale sabotage (such as cutting phone lines, distributing anti-German leaflets or tearing down posters). Some small groups had no links with others. They produced forged ration cards and counterfeit money, collected intelligence, published underground papers such as De Waarheid, Trouw, Vrij Nederland, and Het Parool. They also sabotaged phone lines and railways, produced maps, and distributed food and goods.
One of the most widespread resistance activities was hiding and sheltering refugees and enemies of the Nazi regime, which included concealing Jewish families like that of Anne Frank, underground operatives, draft-age Dutchmen and, later in the war, Allied aircrew. Collectively these people were known as onderduikers ('people in hiding' or literally: 'under-divers'). Corrie ten Boom and her family were among those who successfully hid several Jews and resistance workers from the Nazis. The first people who went into hiding were German Jews who had arrived in the Netherlands before 1940. In the first weeks after the surrender, some British soldiers who could not get to Dunkirk (Duinkerken) in French Flanders hid with farmers in Dutch Flanders. In the winter of 1940–1941 many French escaped prisoners of war passed through the Netherlands. One single-family in Oldenzaal helped 200 men. In total, about 4,000 mainly French, some Belgian, Polish, Russian and Czech ex-POWs were aided on their way south in the province of Limburg. The number of people cared for by the LO in July 1944 is estimated to be between 200,000 and 350,000. This activity was very risky, and 1,671 members of the LO-LKP organizations lost their lives.
On 22 September 1944, members of the LKP, RVV and a small number of the OD in the southern liberated part of the Netherlands became a Dutch army unit: the Stoottroepen. This was during Operation Market Garden. Three battalions, without any military training, were formed in Brabant and three in Limburg. The first and second battalions from Brabant were involved in guarding the front line along the Waal and Meuse rivers with the British 2nd Army. The third battalion from Brabant was incorporated into a Polish formation of the Canadian 2nd Army on the front line on the islands of Tholen and Sint Philipsland. The second and third battalions from Limburg were included in the 9th American Army and were involved in guarding the front line from Roosteren to Aix la Chapelle (Aachen/Aken). During the Battle of the Bulge (December 1944), they were repositioned on the line Aix-la-Chapelle to Liège (Luik). The first battalion from Limburg was an occupational force in Germany in the area between Cologne (Köln), Aix-la-Chapelle and the Dutch border. The second and third battalions from Limburg accompanied the American push into Germany in March 1945 up to Magdeburg, Brunswick and Oschersleben.
Reprisals under Operation Silbertanne
After Hitler had approved Anton Mussert as "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of the Dutch People) in December 1942, he was allowed to form a national government institute, a Dutch shadow cabinet called "Gemachtigden van den Leider", which would advise Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart from February 1st 1943. The institute would consist of a number of deputies in charge of defined functions or departments within the administration.
On February 4, retired General and Rijkscommissaris Hendrik Seyffardt, already head of the Dutch SS volunteer group Vrijwilligerslegioen Nederland, was announced through the press as “Deputy for Special Services”. As a result, the Communist resistance group CS-6 under Gerrit Kastein, concluded that the new institute would eventually lead to a National-Socialist government, which would then introduce general conscription to enable the call-up of Dutch nationals for the Eastern Front. However, in reality, the Nazi's only saw Mussert and the NSB as a useful tools to enable general co-operation. Furthermore, Seyss-Inquart had assured Mussert after his December 1942 meeting with Hitler that general conscription was not on the agenda. However, CS-6 assessed that Seyffardt was the first person within the new institute eligible for an attack, after the heavily guarded Mussert.
After approval from the Dutch government-in-exile, on the evening of Friday 5 February 1943, after answering a knock at his front door in Scheveningen, The Hague, Seyffardt was shot twice by student Jan Verleun who had accompanied Kastein on the mission. A day later Seyffardt succumbed to his injuries in the hospital. A private military ceremony was arranged at the Binnenhof, attended by family and friends and with Mussert in attendance, after which Seyffardt was cremated. On 7 February, CS-6 shot fellow institute member Gemachtigde Voor de Volksvoorlichting (Attorney for the national relations) H. Reydon and his wife. His wife died on the spot, while Reydon died on 24 August of his injuries. The gun used in this attack had been given to Kastein by Sicherheitsdienst agent Van der Waals, and after tracking him back through information, arrested him on 19 February. Two days later Kastein committed suicide so as not to give away Dutch Resistance information under torture.
Seyffardt and Reydon's deaths led to massive reprisals in the occupied Netherlands, under Operation Silbertanne. SS General Hanns Albin Rauter immediately ordered the murder of 50 Dutch hostages and a series of raids on Dutch universities. By accident the Dutch resistance had attacked Rauter's car on 6 March 1945, which in turn led to the killings at De Woeste Hoeve, where 117 men were rounded up and executed at the site of the ambush and another 147 Gestapo prisoners were executed elsewhere. On 1–2 October 1944, a similar war crime occurred in the Putten raid. After a car carrying officers of the German Army was ambushed near the village of Putten by the Dutch resistance, on the orders of Wehrmachtbefehlshaber in den Niederlanden (Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht in the Netherlands) General Friedrich Christiansen, the village of Putten was raided by German forces. Several civilians were shot, the village was burned and 661 of the males of the town were deported to concentration camps, where the vast majority of whom died.
"England-Voyagers"
A little more than 1,700 Dutch people managed to escape to England and offered themselves to their exiled Queen Wilhelmina for service against the Germans. They were called the Engelandvaarders named after some 200 who had travelled by boat across the North Sea, most of the other 1,500 went across land.
Some figures are especially noteworthy: Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, whose life was described in his book and made into a film and a musical Soldaat van Oranje, Peter Tazelaar and Bob or Bram van der Stok, who, after fighting air battles over the Netherlands during the initial German attack, managed to escape and who became a squadron leader in No. 322 Squadron RAF. Van der Stok's RAF Spitfire was shot down over France and he was taken prisoner by the Germans. Van der Stok became one of only three successful escapees of 'the Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III, and the only one to succeed in returning to England to rejoin the fight as a fighter pilot.
Radio
A major role in keeping the Dutch resistance alive was played by the BBC Radio Oranje, the broadcasting service of the Dutch government-in-exile and Radio Herrijzend Nederland which broadcast from the Southern part of the country. Listening to either program was forbidden and after about a year the Germans decided to confiscate all Dutch radio receivers, with some listeners managing to replace their sets with homemade receivers. Surprisingly the authorities failed to outlaw the publication of magazine articles explaining how to build sets or the sale of the necessary materials until many months later. When they eventually did there were leaflets dropped from British planes containing instructions on building sets and directional aerials to circumvent German jamming.
Press
The Dutch managed to set up a remarkably large underground press that led to some 1,100 titles. Some of these were never more than hand-copied newsletters, while others were printed in larger runs and grew to become newspapers and magazines some of which still exist today, such as Trouw, Het Parool, and Vrij Nederland.
After Normandy
Following the Normandy invasion in June 1944, the Dutch civilian population was put under increasing pressure by Allied infiltration and the need for intelligence regarding the German military defensive buildup, the instability of German positions and active fighting. Portions of the country were liberated as part of the Allied Drive to the Siegfried Line. The unsuccessful Allied airborne Operation Market Garden liberated Eindhoven and Nijmegen, but the attempt to secure bridges and transport lines around Arnhem in mid-September failed, partly because British forces disregarded intelligence offered by the Dutch resistance about German strength and position of enemy forces and declined help with communications from the resistance. The Battle of the Scheldt, aimed at opening the Belgian port of Antwerp, liberated the south-west Netherlands the following month.
While the south was liberated, Amsterdam and the rest of the north remained under Nazi control until their official surrender on 5 May 1945. For these eight months Allied forces held off, fearing huge civilian losses, and hoping for a rapid collapse of the German government. When the Dutch government-in-exile asked for a national railway strike as a resistance measure, the Nazis stopped food transports to the western Netherlands, and this set the stage for the "Hunger winter", the Dutch famine of 1944.
374 Dutch resistance fighters are buried in the Field of Honour in the Dunes around Bloemendaal. In total, some 2,000 Dutch resistance members were killed by the Germans. Their names are recorded in a memorial ledger Erelijst van Gevallenen 1940–1945, kept in the Dutch parliament and available online since 2010.
Main figures in the Dutch resistance
Alphabetically ordered to the Dutch system with the IJ after the X, and adverbs not counted
Aart Alblas, Royal Netherlands Navy officer
Willem Arondeus, resistance member in Amsterdam, bombed the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Frieda Belinfante, member who helped organize and execute the bombing of the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Carolina Bunjes, Jewish communist that sheltered Jews in Scheveningen from the Gestapo and hid weapons for the resistance in Friesland
Christiaan Boers
Corrie ten Boom, Christian resistance organizer
Esmée van Eeghen, active in Leeuwarden
Diet Eman, Christian resistance member, author of Things We Couldn't Say
Jack van der Geest
Jan Gies, husband of Miep Gies and her fellow helper who hid and cared for Anne Frank, her family, and the others in hiding with them
Jan van Gilse, composer and conductor and resistance member in Amsterdam
Frans Goedhart, founder of Het Parool
Daniël Goulooze, Jewish construction worker, communist and Soviet agent
Karl Gröger, executed for his role in carrying out the bombing of the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Paul de Groot, Jewish communist leader
Frits van Hall, sculptor executed for his role in the Dutch resistance in 1945
Suzy van Hall, dancer who was sent to Dachau concentration camp
Walraven van Hall, 'banker of the resistance', considered one of the leading figures in the Dutch resistance
Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema; student and a secret agent
Jan van Hoof
Johannes de Jong, Archbishop of Utrecht
Ernst de Jonge, lawyer and Olympic rower
Gerrit Kastein, surgeon and communist activist in CS 6
Anda Kerkhoven, only University of Groningen student executed by the Nazis
Anton de Kom, Afro-Dutch communist resistance leader
Aart Gerardus Lekskes
Johan Limpers, sculptor and resistance member
George Maduro, a Jewish officer
Lau Mazirel, lawyer who helped plan the bombing of the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Geertruida Middendorp
Martinus Nijhoff, poet who helped plan the bombing of the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Allard Oosterhuis, family doctor; organizer of escape routes to Sweden and Switzerland
Mona Louise Parsons
Jaap Penraat
Henri Pieck
Henriëtte Pimentel (1876–1943), smuggled hundreds of Jewish children out of her crèche
Joannes Cassianus Pompe, pathologist executed for sabotage
Gerard Reeskamp
Father Raskin, who operated under the codename Leopold Vindictive 200 and was beheaded by the Gestapo on 18 October 1943
Willem Sandberg, curator at the Stedelijk Museum who helped plan the bombing of the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Hannie Schaft, "the girl with the red hair", communist resistance assassination agent
Pierre Schunck of the Valkenburg resistance
Pieter Meindert Schreuder, a resistance leader in Groningen
Henk Sneevliet, Marxist resistance leader
Han Stijkel, an armed resistance leader in The Hague, bombed the Amsterdam Public Records Office
Bram van der Stok
Tina Strobos, a medical student who smuggled resistance supplies and hid Jewish refugees in her house
Jacoba van Tongeren, the female leader of Group 2000
Gerrit van der Veen, sculptor and resistance leader in Amsterdam, bombed the Amsterdam Public Records Office in 1943
Koos Vorrink, socialist politician and resistance leader
Gerben Wagenaar, Communist resistance leader
Joop Westerweel, a schoolteacher and Christian anarchist, leader of the Westerweel Group resistance group
Bernardus IJzerdraat, one of the first to resist
See also
Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten
Dutch underground press
Englandspiel
Netherlands in World War II
Resistance during World War II
Verzetsmuseum
References
Further reading
Bentley, Stewart. The Dutch Resistance and the OSS (2012)
Bentley, Stewart. Orange Blood, Silver Wings: The Untold Story of the Dutch Resistance During Market-Garden (2007)
Fiske, Mel, and Christina Radich. Our Mother's War: A Biography of a Child of the Dutch Resistance (2007)
van der Horst, Liesbeth. The Dutch Resistance Museum (2000)
Schaepman, Antoinette. Clouds: Episode of Dutch Wartime Resistance, 1940–45 (1982)
Sellin, Thorsten, ed. "The Netherlands during German Occupation," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 245, May 1946 pp I to 180 in JSTOR
Warmbrunn, Werner. The Dutch under German occupation, 1940–1945 (Stanford University Press, 1963)
Dewulf, Jeroen. Spirit of Resistance: Dutch Clandestine Literature during the Nazi Occupation (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2010).
Manheim, Jack. Memoirs of the Dutch Underground, 1940–1945: Why me? (England, UK: Amazon, 2017).
Maass, Walter B. The Netherlands at War: 1940-1945 (Abelard-Schuman, London, New York, Toronto, 1970) Library of Congress: 68-14569
External links
CIA paper on the Dutch resistance and the OSS on the Wayback machine
Homepage of the Dutch Resistance Museum in Amsterdam
Dutch Resistance Museum – history and practical information.
Discussion of the Netherlands under Nazi occupation
On war atrocities in the Netherlands, some in revenge for resistance activities
Jan de Hartog's speech given at Weber State College – his personal account of his participation in non-violent Dutch Resistance as an author.
Vergeten verzet in Nederlands-Indië – an account (in Dutch) of the 'forgotten' resistance to the Japanese occupation of the East Indies.
Articles containing video clips
Military history of the Netherlands during World War II
Netherlands in World War II
World War II resistance movements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20resistance |
WRKC (88.5 FM) is a 1500 watt student-operated college radio station in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in northeastern Pennsylvania. The station's signal is best heard within inner Luzerne County (Wilkes-Barre, Kingston, Swoyersville), but can also be listened-to in outer Luzerne County (Pittston, Nanticoke, Dallas). WRKC broadcasts 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Format
Like many college radio stations, WRKC is run completely by students at King's College, except for the general manager. The station's radio format has a fair mixture of contemporary rock, indie rock, punk rock and other assorted genres. Students must play at least 40% of their music from rotation, but sometimes this rule is voided if the genre of a show is unique (i.e., a reggae show would not require rotation to be played since there is very little reggae in rotation). In 2010, a completely student written and performed radio noir show began broadcasting on the station, making it one of the only non-music programs available on the station. WRKC was formerly a mixed news, talk and music station but in the last fifteen years went to a complete radio format, save for the aforementioned radio noir show and the station's anchor program, the Radio Home Visitor, a news program that has read the day's local newspapers to the blind since 1974. While a mixed radio format, the station aired some well-known segments such as a student interview with the Ku Klux Klan.
The station is webcast. The station airs 24-hours a day on a 1500 watt signal, playing a jukebox of CDs when student DJs do not do shows. Earlier in its history, King's students hosted shows on the air 24 hours a day.
WRKC's News at 5
WRKC's News at 5 was a student-run and produced award-winning newscast that aired Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 5 p.m. while the college is in session. WRKC also broadcasts emergency alerts through an Emergency Alert System (EAS) and provides special coverage of breaking news events. The News at 5 was typically 20 minutes long and contains campus news, local news from the Wilkes-Barre area, a music segment, a politics or business segment, a sports segment, and important college announcements. The News at 5 was anchored live by student anchors.
Notable Interviews
Senator Bernie Sanders and United States senatorial candidate for Pennsylvania Katie McGinty, Fall 2016
Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro, Fall 2016
Pennsylvania 11th District Congressman Lou Barletta, Fall 2016
Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolfe, Spring 2017
Victim's rights advocate and author Jennifer Storm, Fall 2016
Student Staff
WRKC is run by an executive board of six students and a faculty general manager. The positions represent the most essential functions of the radio station that need to be overseen.
Station Manager
Station manager (SM) is the highest ranking student-held position for WRKC. The SM is responsible for overseeing every aspect of the day-to-day functions of WRKC, assists the general manager, and manages personnel. The station managers from 2015-current are listed below.
2015-2016 - Kris Atienza, Class of 2016
2016-2017 - Jessica Mulligan, Class of 2017
2017-2018 - Katherine Pugh, Class of 2020
Program Director
The program director (PD) is responsible for organizing and implementing the station's programming and maintaining and preparing FCC-required files. The program directors from 2015-current are listed below.
2015-2016 - Eryn Harvey, Class of 2016
2016-2017 - Nicholas Rotondo, Class of 2017
2017-2018 - John Flynn, Class of 2019
News Director
The news director (ND) produces, writes, and manages WRKC's newscast, WRKC's News at 5. This includes reporting campus and local news from the Wilkes-Barre area and coordinating reporters to gather material. The news directors from 2015-current are listed below.
2015-2016 - Nicholas Rotondo. Class of 2017
2016-2017 - Katherine Pugh, Class of 2020
2017-2018 - Maggie Bentkowski, Class of 2019
Music Director
The music director (MD) prepares all music programming for the PD and thus prepares the vast majority of WRKC's programming. The MD is also responsible for corresponding with music promoters and bands to obtain new music for broadcast. The music directors from 2015-current are listed below.
2015-2017 - Therese Roughsedge, Class of 2017
2017-2018 - Samuel Zavada, Class of 2019
Sports Director
The sports director (SD) contacts coaches and players of King's College sports teams to report sports updates on WRKC's News at 5. These updates can also include major news from professional sports teams. The SD also coordinates broadcasts of football and men's and women's basketball games. The sports directors from 2015-current are listed below.
2015-2016 - Daniel Lynch, Class of 2016
2016-2018 - Dan Stokes, Class of 2018
Social Media and Promotions Director
Social Media and Promotions Director (SMPD) is the newest position at WRKC and was created in the fall semester of 2016 to manage WRKC's growing social media presence on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The SMPDs from 2016-current are listed below.
2016-2017 - John Flynn, Class of 2019
2017-2018 - Jamie Rosencrans, Class of 2019
Awards and honors
WRKC holds the title of Northeastern Pennsylvania's most awarded college radio station. WRKC participates in award conferences including the Intercollegiate Broadcast System awards, the Society for Professional Journalist college radio awards, and local community polling. WRKC has received 57 awards and nominations.
2017 Intercollegiate Broadcast System Awards
WRKC's staff and management received 5 Golden Microphone awards.
Best College Radio Station Under 10,000 Students (Finalist)
Best Spot News Coverage, News Director Katie Pugh, "Lou Barletta Election Night Victory" (Winner)
Best Community Volunteer Program, WRKC staff, The Radio Home Visitor (Finalist)
Best Talk Program, Program Director Nicholas Rotondo and Chistopher Natale, Geek Week with Chris and Nick "Episode 2" (Finalist)
Most Innovative Program, Music Director Therese Roughsedge, Music Monday (Finalist)
Bands
The general practice of WRKC, like many other college radio stations, is to play non-mainstream and underground bands. In recent years, bands like Fall Out Boy, Taking Back Sunday and My Chemical Romance were played heavily on WRKC before they achieved mainstream attention. Many popular bands in previous decades have been played on WRKC before they reached mainstream popularity.
Sports
The station also airs broadcasts of football and men's and women's basketball games for the King's College Monarchs. The typical format of these broadcasts includes the Sports Director calling play-by-plays and a station staff member making color analysis.
External links
WRKC Website
WRKC Alumni website (photos and info about the station's history)
RKC
RKC
Radio stations established in 1968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRKC |
"Win" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper Jay Rock, released on May 16, 2018 as the second single from his third studio album Redemption (2018). It features backing vocals from American rapper Kendrick Lamar and was produced by Vinylz, with co-production handled by Boi-1da and CT.
Composition
"Win" contains a sample of "Rooster and Runaway (from True Grit)", composed by Elmer Bernstein, and uses a trap beat that features celebratory-sounding trumpets and drums. Throughout the track, Kendrick Lamar provides ad-libs in the background. The song begins with a horn riff, and a chorus performed by Jay Rock, who raps about triumphing over adversity while also delivering boastful lyrics and claiming his position as a winner in the rap game.
Music video
A music video for the song was released on May 30, 2018. Directed by Dave Meyers and Dave Free, it opens with Jay Rock and Kendrick Lamar dressed in suits while surrounded by trumpeters and flames. The video sees Rock dodging missiles in the middle of a war zone, celebrating with a championship trophy, hunting ducks with Lamar, surrounded by masked men brandishing bayonets, playing pool, staging an execution off the roof of a building, reclining with several women and hanging out a convertible. Top Dawg Entertainment artists SZA, Ab-Soul, Isaiah Rashad, Sir and Lance Skiiiwalker make cameos in the video.
Remixes
Jay Rock released a remix of the song endorsing Stacey Abrams' campaign for the 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election, on October 24, 2018. On October 30, 2018, the official remix featuring American rapper Snoop Dogg was released.
Charts
Certifications
References
2018 singles
2018 songs
Jay Rock songs
Songs written by Jay Rock
Songs written by Kendrick Lamar
Songs written by Vinylz
Songs written by Boi-1da
Song recordings produced by Vinylz
Song recordings produced by Boi-1da
Top Dawg Entertainment singles
Interscope Records singles
Trap music songs
Music videos directed by Dave Meyers (director) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win%20%28song%29 |
A rolling start is one of two modes of initiating or restarting an auto race; the other mode is the standing start. In a rolling start, the cars are ordered on the track and are led on a certain number of laps (parade or caution laps) at a pre-determined safe speed by the safety car.
Procedure
When race conditions are ready, the safety car will leave the track, and the race marshal will show the green flag, indicating that the field is allowed to accelerate. The safety car typically leaves the track some distance before the finish line, and a few seconds may elapse between the safety car's departure and the showing of the green flag. Cars must wait for the green flag to accelerate to race speeds. In the past, drivers would need to look for the flag, but in modern times this information is typically communicated to drivers via two-way radio, or at the proper acceleration zone, marked by a line or cone, determined at the pre-race drivers and mechanics briefing.
In international-level motorsport, races with rolling starts are typically started by the starter changing the starting lights from red to green after a specified number of green flag pace laps behind either a lead car or safety car. In this case the red lights are pre-illuminated part of the way around the final pace lap and are changed to green once the starter is happy with the composition of the field. International rolling starts may be aborted by leaving the red lights illuminated and the displaying of an "Extra Formation Lap" board and/or flashing yellow lights.
Rolling starts are often accompanied by several rules to prevent drivers from getting an unfair advantage during the start of the race. For example, drivers on the inside line cannot overtake cars on the outside until they have passed the start line. Drivers must stay behind the pace car and maintain their position within the field, unless entering the pits or given leave to go around. Furthermore, as the green flag nears and the pace car exits the track, drivers must maintain speed and position heading to the proper line. The lead driver cannot slow excessively to force trailing cars to bunch up, which would give the leader a jump on the restart.
Motorsports utilising a rolling start include stock car racing, sports car racing, and several worldwide touring car championships. Formula sports tend to avoid the rolling start for the initial start of the race, mostly because of the physics and technology behind the sport (for example, being too close to the car in front for too long can cause overheating and engine problems), but also because of the quicker acceleration times, and bigger dangers behind accidents within the sport.
The initial start of the race may organize the cars in specific lines. For instance, NASCAR races start double file, and the Indianapolis 500 starts triple file. Restarts, however, are often only single file, but lapped cars may form a second line on the inside. Some short track ovals have a rule, adopted by NASCAR in June 2009, and IndyCar in 2011, where the restarts are all double file, with the leader's choice of inside or outside on the ensuing restart.
Virtually all restarts in motorsports are held as rolling starts for time constraints; it is much quicker to get the cars to go on a rolling restart than a standing start (under the FIA Code, once a red flag is displayed, it takes ten minutes to restart a race via standing start) . Formula One has a rule stating that in case of an excessively wet track, a rolling start may be used to start the race with the cars behind the safety car. In such cases, laps start counting immediately.
Some Formula One races — 2022 at Monaco, 1997, 2000 and 2021 at Spa, Belgium, 2003 at Interlagos, Brazil, 2007 at Fuji, Japan, 2008 at Monza, Italy, 2009 at Shanghai, China, 2010 at Yeongam, South Korea, 2011 at Montreal, Canada, 2014 at Suzuka, Japan, and 2016 at Monaco and then Silverstone, Great Britain — started with a rolling start because of weather concerns. They were not proper rolling starts because they started the race behind the safety car and so when racing properly started, they took the line in single file.
Also, every time after the Safety Car is on the track, when it goes off, there is a rolling start.
See also
Standing start
References
Motorsport terminology
Sports techniques | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling%20start |
Digital Max was the official mascot for Cox Communications from 2005 to 2008. He is a CGI human character, apparently intended to appeal to the adult demographic.
Digital Max was created in 2005 by ad agency Doner.
He appeared in all of Cox's major commercial campaigns from June 2005 to 2008. He appeared not only in commercials, but also on Cox's website, where he was featured in a collection of short films.
According to Cox, Max is an "engaging personality" who has resulted in a "gain of appreciation of the Cox brand name." His role in the commercials is sell the companies products, however, in more recent commercials, his approach has been more understated, apparently in an attempt to improve the depth of his character so as to be more appealing to an adult audience.
It was originally announced in June 2005 that Digital Max would guide viewers through the interactive television guide on the company's digital cable television service, however no further reference has been made to this role.
Digital Max has not been featured in any Cox commercials since spring 2008. Digital Max was replaced by little digital helpmates "Digeez".
References
Advertising characters
Male characters in advertising
Mascots introduced in 2005
Cox Communications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Max |
Stupava may refer to:
Stupava, Slovakia, a town in Slovakia
Stupava, Czech Republic, a village in the Czech Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupava |
Raukawa may refer to :
Raukaua, plant
Ngāti Raukawa, tribe
Merepeka Raukawa-Tait (fl. 2000s), New Zealand activist
Cook Strait, a stretch of water in Aotearoa New Zealand which is called Raukawa, Raukawa Moana or Te Moana o Raukawa in the Māori language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raukawa |
Sidney Siegel (4 January 1916 in New York City – 29 November 1961) was an American psychologist who became especially well known for his work in popularizing non-parametric statistics for use in the behavioral sciences. He was a co-developer of the statistical test known as the Siegel–Tukey test.
In 1951 Siegel completed a B.A. in vocational arts at San Jose State College (now San Jose State University), then in 1953 a Ph.D. in Psychology at Stanford University. Except for a year spent at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, he thereafter taught at Pennsylvania State University, until his death in November 1961 of a coronary thrombosis.
His parents, Jacob and Rebecca Siegel, were Jewish immigrants from Romania.
See also
Siegel–Tukey test.
Notes
References
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 1956
Bargaining and Group Decision Making (co-authored with Lawrence E. Fouraker), winning the 1959 Monograph Price of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Bargaining Behaviour (co-authoree with Lawrence E. Fouraker).
A nonparametric sum of ranks procedure for relative spread in unpaired samples, in Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1960 (coauthored with John Wilder Tukey)
Choice, Strategy, and Utility (completed posthumously by Alberta E. Siegel and Julia McMichael Andrews)
Bargaining, Information and the Use of Threat (co-authored with Donald L. Harnett), 1961
External links
In Memory of Alberta and Sidney Siegel
20th-century American psychologists
American statisticians
1916 births
1961 deaths
Scientists from New York City
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellows
Mathematicians from New York (state)
Stanford University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Quantitative psychologists
San Jose State University alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney%20Siegel |
The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).
The Austrians, commanded by Generalmajor Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld, attacked and occupied the city of Bezzecca. The Italians uncoordinately tried to recover the lost town. Garibaldi himself, moving on the battlefield in a coach because of a wound from a previous encounter, was in danger of being captured. The Italian artillery took a hill close to the town, and an assault by the Italian infantry caused the Austrians to withdraw to their emplacements in the surrounding mountains, thus marking an Italian victory that cost many casualties.
While Garibaldi was preparing to continue the invasion toward Garda to take the forts of Lardaro, on 9 August he received the message of the armistice between Italy and Austria and the order of general La Marmora, commander-in-chief of the Piedmontese army, to abandon Trentino. On that occasion, in the square of Bezzecca, Giuseppe Garibaldi replied with the famous telegram, with only one word: "Obbedisco!" ("I obey!").
External links
"Bruno Freiherr von Montluisant", biography of one of the Austrian commanders at Bezzecca.
Bezzecca
Bezzecca
Bezzeca
1866 in Italy
1866 in the Austrian Empire
July 1866 events
Ledro | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Bezzecca |
6mm XC (also known as 6XC) is a rifle cartridge, similar to the 6x47mm Swiss Match.
History
The 6mm XC was initially developed as a Wildcat cartridge specifically for NRA High Power match shooting by 11-time US National Champion David Tubb. The round originated from chambering a barrel using a .243 Winchester reamer held short, with the case reformed from .22-250. The round is optimised for bullets heavier than 100 grains to improve performance at long ranges - .243Win typically uses bullets lighter than 100 grains. It is touted as being one of the most accurate long-range 6 mm rounds in the world that is designed for repeating rifles.
The 6XC is now a CIP standardized case. The origin is listed as Sweden since Norma standardised the case. Factory brass is available from Norma and Peterson.
Performance
The 6XC is a 1000-yard cartridge, comparable to benchrest calibers such as 6x47mm Swiss Match, 6.5×47mm Lapua and 6 mm/22-250; it fits into cartridge class that exceeds the velocities of benchrest calibers such as 6mm BR Remington, 6mm BRX and 6mm Dasher. David Tubb has claimed several wins with the 6XC in NRA High Power National Championships and a number of NRA Long Range championship events (1000 yard events).
Muzzle velocity
7.45 g (115 gr) Hollow Point Boat Tail (HPBT): 3,000 ft/s (910 m/s)
See also
List of firearms
List of handgun cartridges
List of rifle cartridges
List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces
References
External links
6XC at 6mmBR.com
6 mm XC at DavidTubb.com
David Tubb on Rifling
6mm XC Brass Measurement Data
Pistol and rifle cartridges
Wildcat cartridges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6%20mm%20XC |
"Fascination" is a song written by English singer-songwriter David Bowie and American musician Luther Vandross for Bowie's Young Americans album in 1975. The song originated from a Vandross song called "Funky Music (Is a Part of Me)" which The Mike Garson Band used to play before Bowie concerts in 1974.
An alternate mix appeared on the 1989 Sound + Vision box set, though this was replaced with the original on the 2003 reissue of the compilation.
While Bowie never performed this track live in concert, it was rehearsed for potential inclusion in Bowie's set at the 1985 London Live Aid concert, though, along with "China Girl," it was eventually dropped from his final set list.
Origin
Luther Vandross had written a song entitled "Funky Music (Is a Part of Me)" and was serving as a backup singer to Bowie's live tour in 1974. Vandross would sing "Funky Music" during the supporting portion of the shows on the tour. Bowie retained Vandross as a backup singer for the sessions of Young Americans. During those sessions Bowie and Vandross reworked "Funky Music" into "Fascination," including mostly brand new lyrics by Bowie, and included it on the album. When Bowie asked Vandross for permission to record "Funky Music" himself, Vandross responded "What do you mean 'let' you record it. I'm living in a building with an elevator that barely works and you're asking me to 'let' you record one of my songs." "Fascination" thus became Vandross' first published songwriting credit.
When Vandross formed his own group Luther the following year, he included "Funky Music" as the first track of their first album Luther. According to Spin writer Barry Walters, "Funky Music" with Vandross' original lyrics is a "love song about music." Music writer Chris O'Leary describes the lyrics as being "a sales pitch for himself, a New York hustle" with lyrics such as "I do the singing, just give me a beat" that O'Leary describes as "pure George M. Cohan." Music journalist Peter Doggett calls it a celebration of Vandross' cultural heritage.
Music and lyrics
Bowie biographer Nicholas Pegg describes the music of "Fascination" as "the most unabashed homage to Gamble and Huff's 'Philly' sound to be found on Young Americans." O'Leary states that it has an "ominous, snaking bass hook." Peter Doggett states that Bowie left Vandross' original "Funky Music" arrangement virtually unchanged, "as an utterly contemporary slide of funk." The song structure is based on a descending chord progression from E minor to D major to C major.
Pegg describes the lyrics as "opaque." He notes that authors such as Doggett and O'Leary have described the inspiration for the lyrics as the nightclub sign in John Rechy's novel City of Night while Doggett also identifies the definition of "fascination" in J. H. Brennan's book The Occult Reich as a possible topic of the lyrics. Pegg also notes that Bowie had been fascinated by the word "fascination," as evidenced by the lyrics of his 1971 song "Changes" Doggett also states that Bowie sings the song as "a celebration of male lust and power." According to music author David Buckley, "Fascination" "funks up the 'strange fascination' motif of 'Changes'" and "reaffirms a compulsion to keep doing, questing, acting, asking originally set out in 'Changes.'" O'Leary notes that one of the changes Bowie made from Vandross' original lyrics was to change a description of "a man walking down the street looking for a good song into one prowling around for a fix." Humanities professor Camille Paglia regards the lyrics as describing Bowie's "violent seizure by and enamored fascination with his own aspiring, gender-conflating mind."
Reception
Allmusic critic Ned Raggett describes "Fascination" as "a dramatic and at times seriously groovy song" that "one could imagine Nile Rodgers giving an ear to in the early days of Chic." Buckley regards the song as having the best riff on Young Americans. Music professor James E. Perone praises Bowie's vocal performance as having a "great deal of emotional display" without resorting to exaggerated vibrato or having "intonation inconsistencies." Raggett notes that Bowie's vocals are "either pitched low or almost half-whispered" and speculates whether this was intentional or just the unintentional result of trying to sing in a new style, and says that this results in the backup singers being more prominent in the refrain than Bowie is. Paglia states that "Fascination" is "so passionate, powerful and grand that it can be understood as Bowie's artistic manifesto, addressed to no one but himself." New Musical Express editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray said that "Fascination" "grooves along in a fairly elegant manner."
Personnel
David Bowie – vocals, guitar, piano
Carlos Alomar – guitar
Mike Garson – clavinet
David Sanborn – saxophone
Willie Weeks – bass
Andy Newmark – drums
Cover versions
Fat Larry's Band – Feel It
References
David Bowie songs
1975 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Songs written by Luther Vandross | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascination%20%28David%20Bowie%20song%29 |
A standing start is a type of start in auto racing events, in which cars are stationary when the race begins (different to the rolling start, where cars are paced). Some categories of land speed record also require a standing start, although the absolute land speed record uses a flying start, where the vehicle has reached its top speed by the starting point of the timer.
Procedure
In a standing start, cars are completely still but with their engines running when the signal is given to start the race. This is often preceded by a set number of lights. Standing starts are common in many motorsports, including most single-seater (Formula 1 and Formula 2 notably), Touring Cars (most notably British and World Touring Cars), drag racing, the Supercars Championship, kart racing, and many types of short-course off-road racing. In a typical standing start, the formation lap takes place, giving time for team personnel to get clear of the starting grid and back into the pit boxes. Once the formation lap is over, all cars position themselves in the order that they qualified, and the Medical Car positions itself behind the pack. Once the Medical Car is in position, a light system consisting of five lights will be shown, and in the process, a marshall walks or runs across the grid while waving a green flag to signal that all cars are correctly positioned. After a predetermined number of seconds, the lights go out, and the race is underway. However, first-lap crashes are common.
American-based series such as IndyCar, NASCAR, and SCCA have traditionally utilized rolling starts. During the 2013 and 2014 seasons, the IndyCar Series adopted a rule for standing starts on a trial basis for selected events. IndyCar dropped the procedure after the 2014 season, due to numerous start aborts and a start-line crash at the 2014 Grand Prix of Indianapolis.
Le Mans
A Le Mans-style start was used for many years in various types of motor racing. When the start flag dropped, drivers had to run across the track to their cars which were parked on the other side, climb in, start the car, and drive away to begin the race.
Such starts were very unsafe, with drivers possibly rushing the process of fastening their safety equipment. Britain's RAC prohibited the use of the Le Mans start in English racing in late summer 1962 precisely for this reason. In 1969, Jacky Ickx, who always considered this type of start to be dangerous, decided to walk to his car instead of running. Taking the time to secure everything made him effectively start in the last position but nevertheless, he went on to win the race. Minutes later, John Woolfe died after crashing in the first lap, at the Maison Blanche curve, precisely because he did not fasten his seat belt. Both incidents led to the running start be abolished the following year. As a result, they are no longer used in any motorsport except for endurance motorcycle racing, such as the Suzuka 8 Hours and the 24 Heures Moto, bicycle endurance races, Kinetic Sculpture Races and due to their vulnerability to flameouts, in nitro powered radio-controlled racing, except they are held above ground until start by its mechanics whilst the drivers remain in their stand.
A Le Mans start variation called a "land rush start" is used at short course off-road races at Crandon International Off-Road Raceway where the vehicles start lined up side-by-side on a wide part of the track. The "land rush start" is based on the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans start, and is used in historic races at Le Mans in some situations. However, unlike the true Le Mans start, engines are already running and the drivers are already sitting behind the wheel, wearing their safety belts, when the starting signal is displayed.
A second variation is used in the Australian GT Championship invitational Highlands 101 at Highlands Motorsports Park in New Zealand. It integrates both the Le Mans start and the Land Rush start. The drivers are behind the wheel already, but the co-drivers are equipped with flags approximately from their cars on the entrance to pit lane. At the signal, the co-drivers run the and hand over a flag that signals to their team the car is cleared to start. The driver then starts the car.
Safety and precautions
The alternative to a standing start is a rolling start. Standing starts are often deemed safer in Formula sports, due to the higher acceleration speeds, which could cause problems if a rolling start were used, based on the speed of the safety car and regulations regarding the start (some forms of motorsport are strict on when cars may accelerate after the safety car enters pit lane—some do not permit acceleration until the cars are near the start line at starter's orders). A standing start can cause problems, however, such as stalled cars being hit by drivers who start behind them on the grid. Riccardo Paletti was killed in just such an accident at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix. Another example was the 2007 Champ Car Mont-Tremblant, where multiple cars stalled on the start, resulting in a safety car. Motorsports using standing starts usually penalize drivers who "jump the start" by moving before the lights are extinguished.
See also
Rolling start
References
Motorsport terminology
Sports techniques | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20start |
"Right" is a song by English musician David Bowie from his album Young Americans, released on 7 March 1975. Recorded on 14–18 August and 20–24 November 1974 at Sigma Sound in Philadelphia, "Right" is the last of four tracks on side one of Young Americans, and the B-side of the single "Fame", released in August 1975.
Music and lyrics
The repetition of the main lyrics—"Taking it all the right way / Never no turning back"—the prominence of the percussion and bass, and the emphasis on the backing singers made "Right" one of the album's "authentically soulful" songs, according to professor of music Ian Chapman. Chapman describes it as having "no hidden Bowie-esque irony, barb, or angst", although Alex Petridis calls it a "twitchy, agitated note-to-self".
The backing vocalists included Luther Vandross and an old friend of Bowie's, Geoff MacCormack; it was the only track on Young Americans to feature MacCormack. The call and response between Bowie and the backing singers "lends an air of immaculate sophistication to the lyric's paean to positive thinking", according to Nicholas Pegg. In 1975 Bowie called the song a mantra: "People forget what the sound of Man's instinct is—it's a drone, a mantra. And people say, 'Why are so many things popular that just drone on and on?' But that's the point really. It reaches a particular vibration, not necessarily a musical level."
Toward the end of Alan Yentob's film about Bowie, Cracked Actor (1975), Bowie, Luther Vandross, Robin Clark, and Ava Cherry are seen rehearsing "Right" for the 1974 "Soul Tour", although in the end it was never performed live.
Personnel
Producer:
Tony Visconti
Engineering:
Carl Paruolo
Musicians:
David Bowie: lead vocal
Carlos Alomar: rhythm guitar
David Sanborn: alto sax
Mike Garson: clavinet
Willie Weeks: bass guitar
Andy Newmark: drums
Larry Washington: conga
Luther Vandross, Robin Clark, Ava Cherry, and Geoff MacCormack: backing vocals
See also
List of songs recorded by David Bowie
References
1974 songs
1975 singles
David Bowie songs
British soul songs
British funk songs
RCA Records singles
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Songs written by David Bowie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right%20%28song%29 |
The Crownsville Hospital Center was a psychiatric hospital located in Crownsville, Maryland. It was in operation from 1911 until 2004.
History
Background
Crownsville Hospital Center was enabled by an act of the Maryland General Assembly on April 11, 1910 as the Hospital for the Negro Insane of Maryland. This act also explicitly specified that the facility should not be located in Baltimore. On December 13, 1910, the Board of Managers purchased land which had formerly been farmed for willow and tobacco, located at Crownsville, Maryland, for the sum of $19,000. On May 23, 1910, Dr. Dan Hempeck was designated the first Superintendent.
The facility was founded following a 1908 report of "The Maryland State Lunacy Commission" which stated:
As early as 1899, the Maryland Lunacy Commission stated in its Annual Report:
Again in its 1900 report it stated:
In 1888, an article titled "The Need of An Asylum or Hospital for the Separate Care and Treatment of the Colored Insane of This State" stated three reasons for creating the hospital. However, five years later, about four hundred black people were still improperly cared for in dark cells, restrained with chains, and sleeping on straw (Bowlin, Lauren).
In chapter 250 of the Laws of Maryland of 1910, an attempt was made to improve the conditions under which the black mentally ill had to live in Maryland (Bowlin, Lauren).
The first group of 12 patients arrived at Crownsville on March 13, 1911. Patients lived in a work camp located in a willow curing house adjacent to one of the willow ponds. Winterode worked with them to prepare roads and to harvest the tobacco and willow crops on the property. Additional patients were transferred in July and September, 1911. Construction started on the first large building, A Building in October 1912. Patients were used to work on the construction of the hospital in addition to working in its day-to-day functions. Men were given manual labored work and women had to knit and mend clothing for staff as well as patients (Osborn, Lawrence). As reported in the State Lunacy Commission Report of December 1912, patients worked as "hod carriers" and assistants to electricians and plumbers. Construction necessitated that they push "barrows of concrete up a tramway three and a half stories in height." They excavated "10000 cubic yards of earth in about 10 weeks." In addition, they unloaded 238 cars of cement, stone, and other building materials. "The laundry work for the patients is done by two adult males and an epileptic imbecile 10 years of age who has been taught to feed the ringer and at which he has become quite adept. During the past year (1912) these three have washed and ironed over 40,000 pieces."
Need for separate care
Within a short time smallpox and scarlet fever struck the patients. Water quality was also cited as a problem in those early years. Tuberculosis was a constant threat and is mentioned in the annual reports of those early years because there was no real provision for the isolation of the patients, except in the summer months when there was a temporary open building for them. The Annual and Biennial Report of the State Lunacy Commission 1914–1915, in the section on Crownsville Hospital, stated that "the percentage of deaths based upon admissions (268 patients) was 38.43. The percentage of deaths calculated upon admissions due to tuberculosis was 29.85. The percentage of deaths based upon average attendance was 32.21." Tuberculosis remained a problem for many years.
It was not until 1939 that the Commissioner of Mental Hygiene announced: Excluded from this new, active treatment program at the all-white Springfield Hospital Center were the African-American Crownsville TB patients. On October 29, 1915, two hundred Baltimore City patients were transferred from Bayview Medical Center (now Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center).
Understaffed, overcrowded
There were two physicians in 1920, including the superintendent, with a patient census of 521. There were also 17 nurses and attendants, one social worker, and 18 other help. The data from the 1920 U.S. Census report has the average age of Crownsville patients at 42 years. The youngest was 14 years and there were three patients in their eighties. In the occupations' section of the report, 68% were listed as holding hospital job assignments. Therapies initially included hydrotherapy and sedatives. In the 1930s, insulin shock was introduced. Malaria treatment was begun in 1942, in which patients were infected with malaria pathogens. As many as twenty patients at a time were inoculated. According to the 1948 Annual Report, Crownsville had about 1,800 patients, of which 103 patients received shock treatments, 56 patients received malaria/penicillin treatments, and 33 received a lobotomy.
Lobotomies were a common procedure during those years, but Crownsville Superintendent Dr. Morgenstern was opposed to them. In his 1950 Annual Report, he said that Crownsville has "very few lobotomies". He also expressed his opposition to the trend "to rely upon this operation to make the institutional case more manageable". In a report of March 1954, the Superintendent stated that lobotomies were not being done.
According to a January 1947 report on medical care in Maryland, the normal occupancy of private and public mental hospital beds was 7,453. Of these, only Crownsville had African American patients in its 1,044 occupied beds as of August 1946. Hospital conditions deteriorated markedly in the 1940s due to overcrowding and staff shortages. The staffing of the wards was very inadequate during the period of World War II. Financial support hurt asylums because most were philanthropies, but costs to operate them were high (Osborn, Lawrence). The Commissioner of Mental Hygiene said in a letter of May 22, 1945 to the State's Governor: "A few nights ago at Crownsville in the division which houses ninety criminal, insane men there was one employee on duty."
A "Confidential Report to the Board of Mental Hygiene in Regard to Present Conditions in State Hospitals" (November 14, 1944) stated that Crownsville was 30-percent over its capacity, in contrast to the two large hospitals for white patients which were 11.6-percent and 11-percent over capacity. That same report documented that, for the preceding five-year period, the average number of deaths per 1,000 patients was 102 at Crownsville, in contrast to 59 and 60 for the two large hospitals serving white patients. The report also mentioned a problem relating to the availability of clothes for the "feebleminded" patients of Crownsville: "Some serious problems relating to supplies have occurred so that on one recent occasion some 25 patients in the Division for the "Feebleminded" were found on inspection to be completely without clothes."
Deteriorating conditions
A visitor to the Division for the Feebleminded at Crownsville described his experiences in a memo of November 2, 1944 to the Commissioner of Mental Hygiene (Dr. Preston). After praising the appearance of the girls' ward, he described the boys' ward as follows:
The Baltimore Suns articles on Maryland's mental health system were published in 1948–1949 under the title "MARYLAND'S SHAME". Following are statements from the articles relating to Crownsville:
In 1929 there were 55 discharges from Crownsville but 92 deaths. The census began to rise dramatically, until it peaked in 1955 at 2,719 patients. The staff of Crownsville Hospital had been all white until 1948.
Integration
Through the 1940s, the NAACP had advocated hiring African-American staff but encountered resistance from the Commissioner of Mental Hygiene. Finally, in 1948, the new superintendent of Crownsville hired the first African-American staff member Vernon Sparks, in the Psychology Department. Gwendolyn Lee was hired later in the Social Work Department. The Crownsville Superintendent still was not permitted to hire African-American staff in direct-care positions. This did not happen until 1952. By 1959, 45-percent of Crownsville's staff was African-American, in contrast to 6- to 8-percent in the other large state mental hospitals.
The adolescent patient population was integrated in 1962 and the adult population in 1963. An earlier integration attempt had been made in December 1954 when the Crownsville Superintendent transferred 15 children ages 2–6 years from Crownsville to the all-white Rosewood State Training School. The Superintendent of Crownsville was threatened with a reprimand by the Commissioner of Mental Health and resigned the next year (1955).
Unpaid labor
Industrial therapy (unpaid work) was an important part of life at Crownsville. In the spring of 1958, more than 600 patients had work assignments in more than 55 placements, which included "dental assistant," "receptionist," "librarian," and "hospital aide." Work was considered to be part of therapy, and "patients unable or unwilling to participate were considered too ill to enjoy the privilege of freedom of the grounds." Staff shortages were always a problem.
In 1953, Superintendent Dr. Eichert reported that in "A" Building there were 560 patients and four attendants in the evening and four in the day. The Baltimore Sun of June 1953 gives a description of the "old ward for highly disturbed women": "Here are truly the creatures of the dark. The sickest ones are kept in a room as forbidding as a dungeon, where they live in a state of odorous untidiness, many of them refusing to wear clothes. Twice a day a bucket and two cups are brought to the door, to give the inmates a drink. There are 78 patients here and 28 beds. These and other patients on the same floor – a total of 96 – have the use of three toilets, three wash basins and one tub. They cannot be bathed daily because it was explained, hot water is not available every day."
The Baltimore City Grand Jury Report for Fall 1955 reported that: "This committee was shocked at the lack of professional personnel at Crownsville. On one ward, which consists of 76 geriatric patients, there is either one registered nurse or an attendant on duty at a time. Many of these patients must be spoon fed... The Patients who are well enough help feed those who are less fortunate than themselves." In the pediatrics section of the Winterode Building for the feebleminded, there are 38 children including spastics, hydrocephalics and microcephalics. These children require expert nursing care but on our visit to this section there was one registered nurse on duty. It is necessary to have several female patients assist in the care of these children."
In a letter to the Maryland Governor of June 23, 1952, the Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Board of Review asked:
In a letter to a Johns Hopkins Hospital social worker of December 3, 1956, Dr. Ralph Meng, the Crownsville Superintendent, expressed his concern that community agencies were not willing to accept their responsibilities in providing services to discharged Crownsville patients. He said:
Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) was the second-born and eldest daughter of Henrietta Lacks, who was the source of the famous HeLa cell line. Elsie was institutionalized here for epilepsy until she died in 1955 at the age of 15.
First black superintendent
In 1964, Dr. George McKenzie Phillips was appointed, the first African-American superintendent. Dr. Phillips established a day treatment program and a school mental health outreach program, in addition to supporting the mental health clinics in Baltimore and the Southern Maryland Counties. Patients in Crownsville clinics were given free medication. Training programs were established in psychiatry, psychology, social work, dance therapy, and pastoral counseling. Crownsville had an active foreign students' program for those in medicine, social work, and psychology. In the ten years prior to its closing, it hosted students from Israel, Ireland, Spain, Germany, Turkey, and Chile. The Hospital also trained Spanish speaking therapists when that need was identified.
The hospital staff was well known for its outspoken resistance to the pressures to place patients in public shelters, with the resulting "dumping" of patients onto the streets and into the jails. Improvements in psychiatric treatment, rigid admission policies, and better funding of outpatient treatment and residential services resulted in the hospital's census declining from 2,719 in 1955 to 200 patients by the year 2000 and zero soon after.
The hospital grounds became the central county site for many social, school, and health programs, and the hospital finally closed in July 2004. Those patients in need of further psychiatric hospitalization were transferred to two of Maryland's remaining hospitals. Its original buildings are still standing and today portions of the campus are occupied by various tenants.
The site is also the location of Crownsville Hospital's patient cemetery. This historic site was rededicated in 2004. Approximately 1,600 patients are buried in graves marked by numbers only, with the more recent having patient names.
Information on Crownsville Hospital can be found in the Maryland State Archives Collections, which contain reference materials from the Hospital, the Auxiliary, Paul Lurz, and Doris Morgenstern Wachsler.
Property development
The State of Maryland is examining possible uses for the property. A number of different development models are being proposed as follows.
Crownsville Community Campus
A local non-profit community organization called Community Services Center at Crownsville is concerned about development and the impacts it would have on local traffic, security, historic resources, green space, and the community, and has been seeking the authority to control the of State owned excess property which includes the former Crownsville Hospital Center. CSCC's project is called the Crownsville Community Campus with a mission as follows:
CSCC seeks to restore the outer facades of the existing buildings while renovating their interiors to accommodate tenants. The project does not involve developing green-space or former hospital space into standardized housing. CSCC's model is a self sustaining one that involves granting excess revenue, mostly rental income, back to non-profits (primarily those that operate on site). The Crownsville Community Campus project is designed as the catalyst for an Altruistic Economic Cluster – an economic model revolving around helping others. Additionally, special attention has been given to traffic and security concerns. Their plan also involves funding to enhance and access historic, community, and green resources associated with the site. Bob Pascal had been associated with CSCC's plan as a funding partner and potential tenant.
See also
Petersburg State Colony for the Negro Insane
References
Citations
General sources
Bowlin, Lauren. "Maryland Historical Trust NR-Eligibility Review Form". Crownsville Hospital Center Complex-Maryland State Archives.maryland.gov,n.d.Web. 30 Sep. 2013. <Crownsville Hospital Center Complex-Maryland State Archives>.
Osborn, Lawrence A. "From Beauty to Despair: The Rise and Fall of the American State Mental Hospital." The Psychiatric Quarterly 80(4) (2009): 219-31. Dec. 2009. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.
Stuckey, Zosha. "Race, Apology and Public Memory at MD Hospital for Negro Insane." Disability Studies Quarterly Vol 30 (1), 2017. (On Line Journal)
Primary sources referenced in this article, unless otherwise noted with in-line citations:
Reports of The Maryland State Lunacy Commission in the Maryland State Archives in Annapolis, Maryland.
"Materials Towards a History of Crownsville" in a collection donated by Doris Morgenstern Wachsler located at the Maryland State Archives.
External links
Crownsville Hospital Center 2017 Interior and Exterior Photographs of Crownsville State Hospital
Crownsville Hospital, photographs at Forgotten Photography.
Historic photos of Maryland Lunatic Asylums 1908–1910, from the Maryland State Archives.
Photographic Archives of Maryland, search on Historic Photos of "Crownsville State Hospital" for pictures of the hospital. Maryland State Archives.
Crownsville Hospital's patient cemetery at Find a Grave.
"Separate and Unequal: The Legacy of Racially Segregated Psychiatric Hospitals...", by Vanessa Jackson.
"Studying a Relic of a Painful Past",
Documentary film, Crownsville Hospital: From Lunacy to Legacy Website
Hospital buildings completed in 1911
Defunct hospitals in Maryland
Psychiatric hospitals in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
2004 disestablishments in Maryland
Hospitals disestablished in 2004
1911 establishments in Maryland
African-American history of Maryland
Health policy in the United States
Race and health in the United States
Unfree labor in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crownsville%20Hospital%20Center |
Grantley Evan Marshall (born 18 December 1959), also known by the stage name Daddy G, is a British DJ and a founding member of the band Massive Attack.
Biography
Born in Bristol to West Indian parents, Marshall joined the Bristol music scene as a member of the sound system the Wild Bunch in the 1980s. The sound system included the other three founding members of Massive Attack, Robert del Naja, Adrian Thaws
and Andrew Vowles. At the time he was one of the youngest DJs in the city. In 1986, The Wild Bunch disbanded. Del Naja, Vowles, and Marshall then formed the trip hop group Massive Attack in 1988, which are considered to have pioneered the Bristol Sound along with Portishead and Tricky.
Between 2001 and 2005, Marshall was mainly absent from Massive Attack, with 100th Window being the only album he did not have major input on. Reuniting (minus Vowles) for Heligoland and more recent projects, the group divided the production work between Marshall and Del Naja, who each worked on separate songs in their own studios, choosing their own collaborators.
Other work
Marshall mixed a CD for the DJ-Kicks mix series in 2004.
References
1959 births
Living people
Musicians from Bristol
Black British musicians
British trip hop musicians
English electronic musicians
English people of West Indian descent
English people of Barbadian descent
Massive Attack members
DJs_from_Bristol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daddy%20G |
The 2006 Ohio's 2nd congressional district election was an election for the United States House of Representatives that took place on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Jean Schmidt, who won the seat in a special election in 2005, ran for reelection. She faced Democrat Victoria Wells Wulsin, a doctor from Indian Hill, in the general election. Results showed that Schmidt won reelection by 1.26%, and Wulsin conceded the race.
Republican primary
Challenge from McEwen
Schmidt faced a challenge in the May 2 primary from Bob McEwen, the former congressman who finished second in the special primary in 2005. McEwen announced his candidacy on January 18, 2006. Schmidt received help from the national Republican leadership. Dennis Hastert, the Speaker of the House; John Boehner, the House Majority Leader; and Eric Cantor, the House Deputy Majority Whip, participated in fund-raisers for her. Tom Brinkman, the third-place Republican from the 2005 primary, did not run and instead endorsed McEwen.
Schmidt ran commercials claiming McEwen had voted "illegally" in Ohio and was actually a resident of Virginia, while stating McEwen had bounced 160 checks on the House bank. "McEwen ought to be ashamed," the commercial declared. Schmidt filed suit against McEwen seeking to bar him from voting in the primary claiming he was not actually a resident of Ohio. McEwen's commercials against Schmidt noted she had voted in support of Governor Bob Taft's increase in the sales tax and its extension to many services previously untaxed and questioned Schmidt's use of prominent Democratic attorney Stan Chesley to bring her lawsuit against McEwen.
False claims by Schmidt
Endorsements
On March 8, The Cincinnati Enquirer reported Representatives Tom Tancredo of Colorado and Steve Chabot of Ohio stated they had not endorsed Schmidt even though Schmidt's campaign site claimed they had. Chabot later said he had endorsed both Schmidt and her primary opponent. Schmidt also claimed an endorsement from the Family Research Council which was repudiated by the organization. After a review, the Ohio Elections Commission found that the Tancredo and Family Research Council endorsement claims were false but did not warrant any reprimand.
Second degree
WLW-AM reported on March 28 that Schmidt had for years claimed a B.A. in secondary education from the University of Cincinnati awarded in 1986. Schmidt had previously listed two degrees on past campaign websites, but neither her current official or campaign website had the second degree posted. Schmidt's chief of staff, Barry Bennett, told The Plain Dealer Schmidt had completed the requirements for the degree but never filed the paperwork to be awarded a diploma. "I think it's fair to say that she earned it and never collected it," Bennett said.
Reprimand
On April 27, five days before the May 2 primary against McEwen, the Ohio Elections Commission voted 7-0 to issue Schmidt a public reprimand for "false statements" for her claiming to have a second undergraduate degree from the University of Cincinnati that she was not awarded. The Commission wrote in its letter of reprimand that Schmidt had "reckless disregard for truth.".
Even after her reprimand, Schmidt insisted the error regarding her degrees was a mistake by her staff. On May 1, the day before the election, Schmidt appeared on Bill Cunninham's show on WLW-AM in Cincinnati and was asked by a caller about the OEC reprimand. Schmidt repeated her insistence the error was caused by the designer of her web-site incorrectly listing her teaching certificate as a degree in secondary education and social studies. However Schmidt had been claiming the second bachelor's degree since she first ran for public office in 1989. The Clermont Sun newspaper, in a candidate guide from its November 2, 1989, issue, stated "all candidates were mailed a questionnaire; their responses appear inside [the newspaper]." In her response, Schmidt wrote she possessed "bachelor's degrees in political science and secondary education."
Reprimand to McEwen
By a 6-1 vote on March 16, the Ohio Elections Commission issued a public reprimand to McEwen for making a false statement when he used the title "Congressman" before his name in the 2005 primary for Rob Portman's unexpired term. No fines or prosecution resulted from the reprimand. Two other complaints against McEwen were dismissed by the Commission.
Results of the Republican primary
Schmidt won with 33,938 votes to 30,297 for McEwen, with two other candidates receiving slightly less than 7,000 votes; her winning margin was thus about 5%.
Democratic primary
In the Democratic primary, Wulsin faced health care administrator James John Parker and civil engineer Jeff Sinnard, who both ran in 2005, and newcomers Gabrielle Downey, a high school teacher, and Thor Jacobs, a building contractor.
The vote results were more widely split than in the Republican primary, with five candidates running and four receiving a double-digit percentage share of the vote. Wulsin won the primary with 36.7% of the vote. Wulsin's vote total in the Democratic primary was 10,455 votes; Jacobs was second with 6,535 votes and Parker got 6,376 votes.
Notable for not running was Paul Hackett, the Democratic candidate for the seat in 2005, who had entered and then withdrawn from the 2006 U.S. Senate race in Ohio. In the 2005 Democratic primary (part of a special election), Wulsin had finished second to Hackett, receiving 3,800 votes (27%).
November general election
The district is heavily Republican, as illustrated by the total Democratic primary vote amounting to only about 40% of the total Republican primary vote. Schmidt had the advantages of a Republican majority in the district, her incumbency, and her opponent's political inexperience. Schmidt won in the general election with 115,817 votes (50.58%) to Wulsin's 112,952 votes (49.32%), with two write-in candidates receiving the remaining tenth of a percent. Schmidt won due to strong showings in Clermont and Warren Counties while Wulsin did well in Scioto, Pike, and Hamilton Counties.
Marathon photograph
A photo on Schmidt's web site from the 1993 Columbus Marathon showed Schmidt near the marathon finish line with a time clock showing 3:19:06. Nathan J. Noy, a write-in candidate, contended that the photo was fake, saying Schmidt did not cast a shadow while other runners did, and complained to state election officials. A four-member commission panel ruled on August 24, 2006, that there was enough evidence to look into the complaint. A time clock shows 3:19:06 – 3 hours, 19 minutes, 6 seconds — which would have made her one of the top finishers in her age group (she was 42 at the time of the race). Schmidt's website said that as of August 2006 she has completed 60 marathons.
Joseph Braun, Schmidt’s attorney, denied that the photograph was fake. He produced what he said was an official race results book, listing Schmidt as the fifth-place finisher in her age group with a time of 3:19:09 — three seconds slower than the time depicted in the photograph. The time clock reflects when the photo was taken, not her official time, Braun said. A spokeswoman for the Columbus Marathon backed Braun, saying later that Schmidt finished fifth among women age 40 to 44 and 930th overall.
On September 7, 2006, a unanimous Ohio Elections Commission tossed out the complaint. Commission members, responding to Noy's lack of evidence and failure to present a single witness, asked Schmidt's Cincinnati attorney, Joseph J. Braun, to prepare a motion detailing his legal fees and other costs. They said they'd consider sanctioning Noy at a future hearing, possibly ordering him to pay all legal fees and costs as well as an unspecified fine. Noy said that until he saw a new, original photo of the finish line, taken one second earlier than the one on Schmidt's website, he was not convinced Schmidt ran the race in 1993.
Debates and running challenges
In late August, the Columbus Dispatch and the Cincinnati Enquirer both reported that Wulsin had challenged Schmidt to a race: the 5K charity run of the Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure for breast cancer research. In exchange for that race, Wulsin wanted Schmidt—a veteran marathon runner—to agree to hold at least two debates out of the seven Wulsin has been trying to arrange for several weeks. Schmidt replied she was unavailable to run in the Komen event because she is training that day for the upcoming Columbus marathon. Instead, Schmidt counter-challenged Wulsin to compete against her in a 13-mile half marathon race. Wulsin accepted, provided that Schmidt agree to all seven proposed debates. Schmidt's campaign said the incumbent is willing to participate in several debates in October with Wulsin.
On September 6, 2006, the Cincinnati Community Press and Recorder reported that Wulsin and Schmidt would both run the 5K Susan Komen Breast Cancer Foundation Race for the Cure on September 10, 2006, and that the Schmidt campaign has only agreed, so far, to one debate—a 30-minute program scheduled to run on Cincinnati's Channel 12 Newsmakers show on October 15, 2006.
Plagiarism accusation
On September 22, 2006 the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) reported Schmidt published "an op-ed about Medicare Part D in the Community Press and Recorder that is almost identical to a press release issued by Congresswoman Deborah Pryce (R-Columbus) on July 10, 2006." For example, the first paragraph of Pryce's press release states: "Two and a half years ago, Congress delivered on a promise we made to the American people by passing sweeping Medicare reform, including a comprehensive Medicare prescription drug benefit to, for the first time, give America’s seniors access to affordable prescription drugs. As we have now passed the May 15 deadline, the evidence is in and we have much to celebrate: the Medicare prescription drug benefit is working, and seniors are saving money."
In comparison, the first paragraph of Schmidt's op-ed states that:
" Two-and-a-half years ago, Republicans delivered on a promise we made to the American people by passing sweeping Medicare reform, including a comprehensive Medicare prescription drug benefit to give America's seniors access to affordable prescription drugs. Now that the program is off the ground, the evidence is in and we have much to celebrate: the Medicare prescription drug benefit is working, and seniors are saving money. Over 90 percent of all Medicare beneficiaries now have drug coverage - that's 38 million seniors. As of this summer in Ohio, 1.4 million more seniors have prescription drug coverage than before the benefit began."
Wulsin's "cowards" ad
Wulsin ran a television advertisement using the widely broadcast footage of Schmidt criticizing Democratic Representative John Murtha, a Marine Corps veteran, by telling him that "cowards cut and run, Marines never do." Schmidt's remark, in a 2005 debate about the Iraq War, had been widely criticized at the time, and she later apologized to Murtha. (See Jean Schmidt#"Cowards" controversy.) Schmidt protested that Wulsin's use of her speech violated a House rule against the incorporation of a broadcast of House proceedings in a campaign ad. Wulsin's campaign responded that Wulsin, as a nonmember, was not bound by the rule. Wulsin's spokesman also said of Schmidt, "If she didn't want people to see this ad, then she shouldn't have given that speech."
Projections
On September 21, 2006, the Cincinnati Enquirer reported: "A SurveyUSA poll out today shows Republican Rep. Jean Schmidt tied with her Democratic challenger." The actual percentages were 45 percent for Schmidt, 42 percent for Wulsin and 12 percent undecided; with a margin of error of 4.5 points in the poll of 497 likely voters, the result was a statistical tie. A June 2006 poll by the Momentum Analysis polling organization, which says it "helps forward Democratic and progressive causes", found challenger Wulsin tied at 44 percent with incumbent Schmidt and 11 percent undecided. The June 2006 poll found that Wulsin led Schmidt 50 percent to 37 percent in Hamilton County. (Hamilton County is divided between the Ohio's 1st congressional district and Ohio's 2nd congressional district.)
Polls
References
External links
Description of Ohio's second congressional district
Schmidt's campaign official site
Wulsin campaign website
League of Women Voters page on the race
Downey's campaign website
Ohio 02
2006 02
2006 Ohio elections | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Ohio%27s%202nd%20congressional%20district%20election |
Violant of Hungary (; ; ; c. 1215 – c. 1251) was the queen of Aragon from 1235 until 1251 as the second wife of King James I of Aragon. A member of the Hungarian House of Árpád, Queen Violant was a valuable and influential advisor of her husband. She remains in folk memory in Catalonia and Valencia.
Family
Violant was born at Esztergom circa 1215, the only child of King Andrew II of Hungary and his second wife, Yolanda of Courtenay. Violant married King James I of Aragon in 1235. James had already been married to Eleanor of Castile, but he had this marriage annulled on the basis of consanguinity in 1229. He and Eleanor had a son, Alfonso, who was considered legitimate, but who died before James.
James and Violant had ten children:
Violant (1236–1301), Queen of Castile by her marriage to Alfonso X of Castile
Constance (1239–1269)
Peter III of Aragon (1240–1285)
James II of Majorca (1243–1311)
Ferdinand (1245–1250)
Sancha (1246–1251)
Isabella (1247–1271), Queen of France by her marriage to Philip III of France
Maria (1248–1267), nun
Sancho (1250–1275), Archbishop of Toledo
Eleanor (born 1251, died young)
Queenship
A large number of Hungarian knights escorted the queen to her new homeland with the leadership of Denis of Hungary. Queen Violant was a woman of talent and character. Next to King James I, she had an important political role in the Crown of Aragon. She was one of the most valuable advisors of the king, on whom she had a strong influence. She intervened decisively in international agreements as important as the Treaty of Almizra with Castile (1244). It was signed with the condition that Zayyan ibn Mardanish surrender of the city of Valencia, into which she triumphantly entered with her husband on 9 October 1238.
Death and burial
Violant reportedly died in September 1251. Jerónimo Zurita, in his Anales de Aragon, mentions this discrepancy, and writes that while some annals state that Violant died in Santa María de Salas in 1251, others report that she lived for a few years after (the probable sources of the 1253 date), and that she only made her will and testament in Huesca in 1251. Zurita continues that her will stipulated her burial at Vallbona, bequeathed the county of Posana (Pozsony) to her sons Peter, James, and Sancho (Pozsony being in the possession of her half-brother Béla IV of Hungary, but apparently left to her by her mother Queen Yolanda), and mentioned that she had 5 daughters with the king.
Violant and her daughter Sancha's remains are at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona in Vallbona de les Monges, Catalonia. Violant chose burial in that monastery, as she was a benefactor. Her tomb, placed along the wall on the right of the chancel, is fairly simple. It is raised on two pillars decorated with individual gold crosses inscribed in red (gules) circles, and has a gabled lid of white stone. In the center of the lid is a cross with the same characteristics as those on the pillars, but larger and without color. The only ornamentations on the box itself are three depictions of her husband's royal coat of arms – one on the visible side and one at each end. The Queen's remains were moved to the tomb in 1275, as indicated by the inscription on the visible side of the box: Fuit translata donna | Violán regina | Aragonum | anno 1275. In 2002, the Hungarian government financed a restoration of her tomb, costing 12,000 euros, but the monastic community denied permission to study its interior. Violant is the only member of the Árpád dynasty whose remains are undisturbed.
James I remarried one more time, to Teresa Gil de Vidaure, who was previously his mistress.
Posterity
Since the nineteenth century, streets have been dedicated to Queen Violant in Barcelona, Zaragoza, and other cities in the counties and kingdoms of the former Crown of Aragon. 9 October is the national day of the Valencian Community, which commemorates the Christian reconquest and the day on which James I and Violant entered the city. The celebration is known as the Mocadorada of Sant Dionís, since 9 October is the feast day of Saint Denis of Paris. Men typically give their partners a scarf (mocador) containing candied fruits and vegetables made of marzipan; these candies represent the fruits and vegetables that Valencian Muslims offered James and Violant when they entered the city, according to legend.
References
Sources
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1210s births
1250s deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
13th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon
13th-century Hungarian women
13th-century Spanish women
Hungarian princesses
Queens consort of Aragon
Majorcan queens consort
Consorts of Montpellier
Countesses of Barcelona
House of Árpád
Hungarian people of French descent
Hungarian people of Belgian descent
Hungarian emigrants to Spain
Spanish people of Serbian descent
Spanish people of French descent
Spanish people of Belgian descent
People from Esztergom
Daughters of kings
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violant%20of%20Hungary |
Richard Elias Cansino (born August 10, 1953) is an American voice actor. He is also known as Richard Hayworth because he is the nephew of Rita Hayworth. Richard is best known for his voice work as Kenshin Himura in the anime adaptation of Rurouni Kenshin.
Additionally, Richard is also known for his performances as Izumo Kamizuki from the Naruto series and Legato Bluesummers from Trigun.
Filmography
Television
Hannah Montana - Pierre (Ep. Wish You Wish You Were a Star)
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide - Mr. Phorchin (Ep. Hallways & Friends Moving)
Scrubs - Dr. Rose (Ep. My Nightingale)
Star Trek: The Next Generation - Deja Q - Dr. Garin
Anime
8 Man After - Ichiro
Argento Soma - Mr. X
Bastard!! - Kall-Su
Blade - Augus
Bleach - Daiji Hirasago (The Bull of Kusajishi), Additional Voices
Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo - King Nosehair, Additional voices
Crayon Shin-chan (Phuuz dub) - Bo
Cyborg 009 - Jean-Paul, Apollo
Digimon - Pixiemon (Adventure), Guardromon (Tamers), Arbormon (Frontier)
Eagle Riders - Hunter Harris
Flint the Time Detective - Dr. Bernard Goodman, Thud of the Cardians, Raldo
Gatchaman (1994) - Joe
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Additional Voices
Initial D - Kyoichi Sudo (Tokyopop dub)
Haré+Guu - Gupta
Heat Guy J - Boma
Kekkaishi - Hekian, Sanan
Kikaider - Gill's Assistant
Kyo Kara Maoh! - Geigen Huber
Lily C.A.T. - Walt
Lupin the Third - Additional Voices
Mirage of Blaze - Takaya Ohgi
Mobile Suit Gundam (movie trilogy) - Hayato Kobayashi
Monster - Detective Janáček, Dr. Norden
Naruto - Izumo Kamizuki, Misumi Tsurugi, Additional voices
Naruto: Shippuden - Izumo Kamizuki, Sadai (Ep. 196)
Nightwalker: The Midnight Detective - Tatsuhiko Shido
Noein - Kuina
Overman King Gainer - Zakki Bronco
Paranoia Agent - Oda (Ep. 10)
Pilot Candidate - Azuma Hijikata
Rurouni Kenshin - Kenshin Himura
Saint Tail - Detective Asuka
Saiyuki Gunlock - Zakuro
Scryed - Emergy Maxfell
Space Pirate Captain Herlock: The Endless Odyssey - Tadashi Daiba
Stellvia - Pierre Takida
Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie - Vega
Street Fighter II V - Vega (Animaze Dub)
Street Fighter Alpha Generations - Ryu
Tenchi Muyo! - Seiryo Tennan (OVA 2, Toonami Version)
Tenchi in Tokyo - Tsugaru
Tenchi Muyo in Love 2 - Yosho
Tenjho Tenge - Kagesada Sugano
The Prince of Tennis - Takashi Kawamura
The Twelve Kingdoms - Aozaru
The Cockpit - Lt. Rheindars
Trigun - Legato Bluesummers
Tweeny Witches - Sigma
Vampire Princess Miyu - Koichi (ep.3)
Witch Hunter Robin - Yutaka Kobari
WXIII: Patlabor the Movie 3 - Asuma Shinohara
X - Daisuke Saiki
Zatch Bell! - Lance
Live action voiceovers
Bleach - Renji Abarai
Cromartie High - The Movie - Takashi Kamiyama
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers - King Sphinx, Eye Guy, Weaveworm, Cardiatron, Jellyfish Warrior (uncredited)
The Neighbor No. 13 - God of Death
Power Rangers: Turbo - Clockster (uncredited)
Power Rangers: In Space - Behemoth (uncredited)
Power Rangers: Lost Galaxy - Kegler
Power Rangers: Lightspeed Rescue - Cobra Monster
Power Rangers: Time Force - Ironspike
Power Rangers: Wild Force - Jindrax (first 4 episodes)
Onmyoji - Fujiwara no Morosuke
Movie roles
Bleach: Fade to Black - Shizuku
Dawn of the Dead - ADR group
Digimon: Battle of Adventurers - Labramon
Do or Die - Herbert
Fit to Kill - Kenevil
Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence - Wakabayashi
Hard Hunted - Coyote
Sakura Wars: The Movie - Patrick Hamilton
Video game roles
Assassin's Creed - Majd Addin, Peasant
Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII - Incidental characters
Dishonored 2 - Aramis Stilton
Fallout 4 - Ricky Dalton, Solomon, Lorenzo Cabot
Naruto: Ultimate Ninja - Jiraiya, Izumo Kamizuki, Zaku Abumi
Red Dead Redemption 2 - The Local Pedestrian Population
Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles - Alfred Ashford
Shadow Hearts: Covenant - Kurando, Blanca, Lenny
Silent Bomber - Benoit Manderubrot (as Richard Hayworth)
The Bard's Tale - Additional voices
The Bouncer - Dauragon C. Mikado (as Richard Hayworth)
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American people of Spanish descent
Male actors from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Cansino |
Johann Ludwig Jacob (January 1, 1903 – September 13, 1992), professionally known as Lou Jacobs, was a German-born American auguste clown who performed for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for more than 60 years. He was inducted into the International Clown Hall of Fame in 1989. He is credited with popularizing the clown car, which has been a staple of circus clown acts ever since. He is also often cited as the originator of the red rubber ball nose, which is used by many clowns today. He was the first living person to have his portrait appear on an American postage stamp.
Career in US
In 1923, Lou Jacobs came to the U. S. on a steamship. His older brother Karl, had already made it to the U. S. and worked in the Keith Orpheum Theater as a contortionist. He saved up $150.00 to pay for his brother's boat fare. When Jacobs arrived in New York, he had only two dollars and could not speak English. Yet, he landed a part in a Belgian acrobatic act that paid $25.00 a week. After almost two years of performing in fairs, outdoor exhibits, and winter vaudeville, Jacobs teamed up with Michael Morris, a British contortionist in late 1924. They did a comedy act that satirized the trapeze acts, a broomstick was their “trapeze.”
Fortunately for Jacobs, Morris had a contract with Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus. Morris was able to bring him into the circus with his act for the 1925 campaign. As the year progressed, Jacobs spent more time with the clowns. He eventually got into costume and makeup and worked in some of the production numbers. Starting out as a whiteface clown, he changed to an auguste (clown that has white just around the mouth and eyes) after John Ringling gave him a full-time position as a clown in the 1926 campaign. Jacobs wasted no time in developing his costume. It was a checkered pink and lavender suit with baggy pants and a collar. He wore big shoes and carried a small umbrella attached to a handle.
Some of Jacobs's early sketches were a satire on the Dempsey-Tunney prizefight, the burning house gag, and the clown wedding. Even though Jacobs excelled in comedy sketches and satires, he was best known for developing several mechanical contraptions. He made himself a one-man band by mounting a bass drum on his back with a pair of sock cymbals on top which crashed on motion. The mallet was attached to the bass drum and activated by a rope connected to Jacobs's right ankle. He wore a special cap with about bells rigged on it. To top it off, Jacobs played the harmonica while keeping the bass drum, cymbals and bells going.
Jacobs's most notable mechanical device was the midget car. This act took him about four years to perfect. The first prototypes were made in 1944. After going through some difficulty getting the cars to run, George Wallenda, the famed wire walker, advised him to use a washing machine motor. He also helped Jacobs tailor the small car to his folded-up contorted body by helping him build several cardboard mock-ups. Once they began road testing the car, they discovered that Jacobs had a vision problem after he ran into a tree. The midget car finally made its debut in 1946, only to get scrubbed from the program due to stalling problems.
The act was reentered in the 1947 campaign. Jacobs enhanced the visual contrast between his six-foot-one-inch frame and his tiny twenty-three inch car by making himself a bigger pair of shoes. However, the shoes impaired his vision. He accidentally ran into Jimmy Armstrong, a fellow clown. That collision broke the steering arm to the car, causing another collision into a stage in the center ring. Jacobs could not get out of the car due to the extent of the damage. He had to be towed from the arena while inside the car and was eventually freed with a hacksaw backstage.
In 1948, the perfected midget car was reentered and used in a sketch that became an all-time classic. Jacobs opened the act by racing the loud honking car into the center ring. The car would start to sputter and backfire as he pulled up to a makeshift gas station. Watching Jacobs unfold out of the car was an act all by itself. Once he was out, the gas station attendant played by Frankie Saluta insisted that the car was not parked close enough to the pump. Jacobs whacked Frankie over the head with a mallet and a balloon welt rose on his head. The car would sputter and backfire as Jacobs tried to move it closer. He then removed the radiator cap, a snake lunged out and a geyser of water followed. Jacobs sat on the geyser only to have water squirting from the top of his head. When he stopped the flow with his hand, the water squirted out of his mouth. Finally, the car was pushed closer to the pump. Frankie climbed inside the pump and Jacobs threw in a bomb. The explosion sent up a dummy dressed like Frankie and it floated down under a parachute. Jacobs closed the act by making a speedy exit in the midget car in an attempt to evade the pursuing cop played by Jimmy Armstrong.
Jacobs' performance of his clown car act is featured in the 1952 Cecil B. DeMille movie The Greatest Show on Earth.
Personal life
In 1953 he married Jean Rockwell, a former model and circus aerialist. They had two daughters: Dolly, who became a well-known acrobat and trapeze artist, and Lou Ann, an elephant trainer.
Honours
In 1966 he had the distinction of being the only living American to have his image put on a U.S. postage stamp.
Later career
On November 11, 1967, Irvin and Israel Feld and Judge Roy Hofheinz, Jr. pooled their money and bought RB&B&B Circus from John Ringling North for 8 million dollars. The official signing and transfer of ownership was ceremoniously carried out at the ruins of the old Coliseum in Rome. Irvin Feld realized the important role clowns played in the overall success of the Circus. When he acquired the Circus, there were only 14, all over fifty. Irvin Feld wanted to infuse some fresh blood into the Clown Alley. He did this by starting a Clown College in the summer of 1968.
After the school experienced limited success in its inaugural term, Irvin Feld commissioned Bill Ballantine to direct the next class. The first person Bill wanted on his faculty was Lou Jacobs. Bill was well acquainted with Jacobs because he performed with him as a clown in the 1947 and ’48 campaigns. This was not the first time Jacobs taught clowning. He was James Stewart’s tutor when he played a clown in the 1952 Cecil B. DeMille movie, The Greatest Show On Earth. The teaching position at the Clown College had a farther reaching impact because he taught hundreds of young men and women.
Bill Ballantine described Jacobs as an “unselfish and a natural-born teacher.” He was known for his patience and brought out the best in his pupils. They called him “Papa Lou.” His method of instruction was to teach the beginner material that had already been written, after the student acquired a feel for the art, he could start writing his own material. Jacobs had an inexhaustible supply of clown sketches for his students. He wrote down every clown sketch he had seen, heard of, or thought of and kept them all in a little black book. There were well over fifty years of material in it.
Retirement and later life
In 1988, after 64 years, Lou Jacobs finally retired from the Circus, but continued teaching at the Clown College. On April 23, 1989, he was one of the first six clowns to be inducted into the recently formed Clown Hall of Fame in Delavan, Wisconsin. His fellow inductees were: Felix Adler, Otto Griebling, Emmett Kelly, Mark Anthony, and Red Skelton. On September 13, 1992, Lou Jacobs died at age 89. He died peacefully in his sleep in Sarasota, Florida. Funeral services were held four days later at Sarasota’a First United Methodist Church. The church was packed with circus people from all over the country. Everyone from riggers to ringmasters came to pay their respects to the Master Clown.
Of all the accomplishments Jacobs made during his circus career, his most significant accomplishment was his family. He married Jean Rockwell, a fashion model and an aerialist in 1953. They had two daughters who became accomplished circus stars in their own right. Lou Ann and Dolly Jean performed as show girls with RB&B&B Circus and Billy Lee's Sarasota Sailor Circus. Lou Ann trained elephants with Tommy Hanneford's Royal Hanneford Productions. She is married to animal trainer George Barreda, and they have a daughter named Julia. Dolly is an aerialist and the undisputed “queen” of the Roman Rings. She was also her Dad's fishing partner.
P. T. Barnum referred to clowns as the pegs of the circus. Irvin Feld said that clowns are as important to the life of a circus as bread is to the life of man. There is no question that Jacobs was a very big peg. In addition to being a peg, he could also be described as a bridge. Jacobs was a part of the old circus when it was under the Big Top and has been billed in the same program with Emmett Kelly, Otto Griebling, and many other circus greats. He played a vital role in helping the circus make its transition to the modern era. He perfected the art of clowning and helped preserve it by teaching the next generation. Lou Jacobs is one of many people who have made a significant contribution in the preservation of the Circus in the 20th century. Because of that, the Circus will be around for children of all ages well into the 21st century.
References
1. Ballantine, Bill. Clown Alley. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1982.
2. Bradna, Fred. The Big Top. N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1952.
3. Culhane, John. The American Circus, An Illustrated History. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1990.
4. Foster, Jim. Mater Clown Just Knew What Was Funny. Potomac, MD: The White Top Nov/Dec 1992.
5. Hoh, LaVahn G. and Rough William H. Step Right Up! The Adventure of Circus in America. White Hall, Virginia: Betterway Publications, Inc. 1990.
6. O’Dell, Kathryn. Clown Hall of Fame Tour and Research Director. October 21, 1992.
7. Snowberg, Richard. Clowning Around, October, 1992.
8. Souvenir Program and Magazine. Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Combined Shows Inc. 1976 (105th edition), 1982 (111th edition), and 1984 (113th edition).
9. Swortzell, Lowell. Here Come The Clowns. New York: Viking Press, 1978.
10. Towsen, John H. Clowns. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1976.
11. Wood, R.F. Memories of Lou. Minneapolis, MN: The New Calliope, Nov/Dec 1992.
American clowns
German clowns
20th-century German Jews
1903 births
1992 deaths
Vaudeville performers
Contortionists
People from Bremerhaven
Emigrants from the Weimar Republic to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Jacobs |
A horror host is a person who acts as the host or presenter of a program where horror films and low-budget B movies are shown on television or the Internet. Usually the host assumes a horror-themed persona, often a campy or humorous one. Generally there are breaks in the film where the host comments on various aspects of the movie. Many horror host shows also include skits involving the hosts themselves, sometimes with a sidekick or other supporting characters.
History
Early hosts
The first (proto) television horror host was Vampira (Maila Nurmi). The Vampira Show featured mostly low budget suspense films, as few horror films had yet been released for television broadcast. It ran from 1954-1955 only in the Los Angeles market, but Nurmi's persona (based on cartoonist Charles Addams's "Morticia" character) would gain fame in magazines, TV, and film. In 1957, John Zacherle of Philadelphia's WCAU (and later in other markets) set the standard format for horror hosts with his "Roland" character for the station's Shock Theater. This was made possible due to RKO Pictures' new ownership licensing out the rights to its vast B-movie horror film library. Zacherle's set, style, film commentary, and special effects (such as interjecting his image into the film) were quickly emulated at local stations around the world, and as an homage today by hosts such as the nationally syndicated Svengoolie (Rich Koz).
Each station had its own host and style. Some hosts did regular commercials, while others presented fictional ads for bottled witches' blood. Hosts were often plucked from the ranks of the station staff. In the days of live television, it was not uncommon for the weather man or booth announcer to finish a nightly news broadcast and race hastily to another part of the sound stage for a quick costume change to present the evening's monster tale.
While a few early hosts like and Vampira became the icons of this nationwide movement, most hosts were locals. The impact of these friendly revenants on their young fans cannot be overestimated. The earliest hosts are often remembered with great affection today.
Later hosts
The tradition was continued throughout the 1960s and 1970s and gained national attention in the early 1980s, after the death of L.A.'s Host, Sinister Seymour. Cassandra Peterson auditioned to become a replacement host and won the role. She became Elvira, Mistress of the Dark who is arguably the most widely recognized horror host in history. Today, two horror hosts who also started in the early 1980's dominate the genre: Rick Koz as "Svengoolie", who serves up a traditional but light-hearted weekly broadcast on MeTV; and John Bloom as "Joe Bob Briggs" on AMC Shudder's 'The Last Drive-In'. A journalist and B-movie film critic, Bloom's unique take on the Horror Host genre is to juxtapose deep-dive film analysis to a stereotyped redneck persona.
Notable hosts
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
See also
American Scary
Cinema Insomnia
Creature Double Feature
Creature Features
Creature Features (WNEW)
Creature Feature (WTOG)
Horror hosts in comics
References
Further reading
External links
Horror Host Hall of Fame The official Hall of Fame for Horror Hosts of all generations.
Horror Host Directory Listing of current and recent horror hosts including viewing locations.
American Scary - Documentary: A look at the nation's tradition of horror hosting, from Zacherley to A. Ghastlee Ghoul
Horror Hosts and Creature Features Magazine A magazine dedicated to Horror Hosts and Movies.
Horror hosts
Horror movie television series
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
1980s American television series
Midnight movie television series
Franchised television formats | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horror%20host |
"The Idiot" is a song written by Stan Rogers, found on his albums Northwest Passage and Home in Halifax. On Home in Halifax, Rogers introduces the song by explaining that it is about the movement of people away from the Atlantic Provinces of Canada to the province of Alberta for work. The introduction also states that the song contains the "knuckle-dragging" beat characteristic of Morris dance tunes.
Story
The song's narrator recounts how he moved to Alberta six years earlier. Many factories in his home province had closed, employment was scarce, and he did not want to go on unemployment because he "take[s] nothing free." Instead, he moved west and took a job in a refinery. He finds his new city unpleasantly dirty and he misses his old hometown, but he respects himself for making his own living and not having to rely on social assistance. He urges other young men from the Eastern provinces "who've been beaten to the ground" to follow his example, saying that they will probably miss their hometowns, as he does, but they will have "self-respect and a steady cheque" rather than the "government dole" that will "rot [their] souls."
Recordings
Song
Stan Rogers on Northwest Passage (1981) and Home in Halifax (1993)
Seth Staton Watkins on his 2022 album Working Folk, with an additional verse.
Tune
The “knuckle-dragging rhythm” of the tune, so described by its author on Home in Halifax, has inspired many, primarily Cotswold, Morris teams to write dances to the tune. Some examples are:
Merrimac Morris (New Hampshire, USA) wrote a dance to be danced to the tune of "The Idiot", in the Field Town style of morris dance, in 1986.
Uptown-on-Calhoun Morris of Minneapolis does a dance to the tune of "The Idiot".
The Bassett Street Hounds morris team of Syracuse, N.Y. have written a dance called "The Drunken Idiot", performed to the same tune but with alternative words written by Jon Berger.
Maple Morris wrote a big morris to the tune, seen performing it at the Sidmouth Folk Week in 2011.
Corb Lund used the tune of the song for his song "I Wanna Be in the Cavalry" on the 2007 album Horse Soldier! Horse Soldier!.
References
Stan Rogers songs
1981 songs
Songs written by Stan Rogers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Idiot%20%28song%29 |
In bioinformatics, the root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions, or simply root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), is the measure of the average distance between the atoms (usually the backbone atoms) of superimposed molecules. In the study of globular protein conformations, one customarily measures the similarity in three-dimensional structure by the RMSD of the Cα atomic coordinates after optimal rigid body superposition.
When a dynamical system fluctuates about some well-defined average position, the RMSD from the average over time can be referred to as the RMSF or root mean square fluctuation. The size of this fluctuation can be measured, for example using Mössbauer spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance, and can provide important physical information. The Lindemann index is a method of placing the RMSF in the context of the parameters of the system.
A widely used way to compare the structures of biomolecules or solid bodies is to translate and rotate one structure with respect to the other to minimize the RMSD. Coutsias, et al. presented a simple derivation, based on quaternions, for the optimal solid body transformation (rotation-translation) that minimizes the RMSD between two sets of vectors. They proved that the quaternion method is equivalent to the well-known Kabsch algorithm. The solution given by Kabsch is an instance of the solution of the d-dimensional problem, introduced by Hurley and Cattell. The quaternion solution to compute the optimal rotation was published in the appendix of a paper of Petitjean. This quaternion solution and the calculation of the optimal isometry in the d-dimensional case were both extended to infinite sets and to the continuous case in the appendix A of another paper of Petitjean.
The equation
where δi is the distance between atom i and either a reference structure or the mean position of the N equivalent atoms. This is often calculated for the backbone heavy atoms C, N, O, and Cα or sometimes just the Cα atoms.
Normally a rigid superposition which minimizes the RMSD is performed, and this minimum is returned. Given two sets of points and , the RMSD is defined as follows:
A RMSD value is expressed in length units. The most commonly used unit in structural biology is the Ångström (Å) which is equal to 10−10 m.
Uses
Typically RMSD is used as a quantitative measure of similarity between two or more protein structures. For example, the CASP protein structure prediction competition uses RMSD as one of its assessments of how well a submitted structure matches the known, target structure. Thus the lower RMSD, the better the model is in comparison to the target structure.
Also some scientists who study protein folding by computer simulations use RMSD as a reaction coordinate to quantify where the protein is between the folded state and the unfolded state.
The study of RMSD for small organic molecules (commonly called ligands when they're binding to macromolecules, such as proteins, is studied) is common in the context of docking, as well as in other methods to study the configuration of ligands when bound to macromolecules. Note that, for the case of ligands (contrary to proteins, as described above), their structures are most commonly not superimposed prior to the calculation of the RMSD.
RMSD is also one of several metrics that have been proposed for quantifying evolutionary similarity between proteins, as well as the quality of sequence alignments.
See also
Root mean square deviation
Root mean square fluctuation
Quaternion – used to optimise RMSD calculations
Kabsch algorithm – an algorithm used to minimize the RMSD by first finding the best rotation
GDT – a different structure comparison measure
TM-score – a different structure comparison measure
Longest continuous segment (LCS) — A different structure comparison measure
Global distance calculation (GDC_sc, GDC_all) — Structure comparison measures that use full-model information (not just α-carbon) to assess similarity
Local global alignment (LGA) — Protein structure alignment program and structure comparison measure
References
Further reading
Shibuya T (2009). "Searching Protein 3-D Structures in Linear Time." Proc. 13th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB 2009), LNCS 5541:1–15.
External links
Molecular Distance Measures—a tutorial on how to calculate RMSD
RMSD—another tutorial on how to calculate RMSD with example code
Secondary Structure Matching (SSM) — a tool for protein structure comparison. Uses RMSD.
GDT, LCS and LGA — different structure comparison measures. Description and services.
SuperPose — a protein superposition server. Uses RMSD.
superpose — structural alignment based on secondary structure matching. By the CCP4 project. Uses RMSD.
A Python script is available at https://github.com/charnley/rmsd
An alternate Python script is available at https://github.com/jewettaij/superpose3d
Statistical deviation and dispersion
Protein methods
Bioinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root-mean-square%20deviation%20of%20atomic%20positions |
Winston Sparkes (17 September 1940 – 31 January 2012), better known as King Stitt, was a Jamaican pioneer DJ.
Biography
He earned the nickname as a boy because of his stuttering and decided to use it as his stage name. Stitt began deejaying on Clement Dodd's Sir Coxsone's Downbeat Sound System in 1956.
Count Machuki, the original Jamaican deejay, noticed him for his dancing and offered him to try his hand on the mic. Stitt soon built his own deejay set, occasionally replacing him and eventually becoming one of the most popular deejays on the island's dances. He became King Stitt when he was crowned "king of the deejays" in 1963, in the heyday of ska.
Following the folding of Sir Coxsone's Downbeat's sound system around 1968 (as Coxsone preferred to concentrate on recordings), Stitt found himself working as a mason in Ocho Rios. He had been deejaying at the mic for over ten years when he was first recorded over brand new reggae rhythms in 1969, creating some of the first deejay records ever.
Born with a facial malformation, Stitt took advantage of it, calling himself "The Ugly One", in reference to the Sergio Leone Spaghetti Western film The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Stitt's first and most prolific record releases came from producer Clancy Eccles with classic deejay tracks that included "Fire Corner" (1969), "Lee Van Cleef", "Herbsman Shuffle", "King of Kings", "Vigorton 2" and "Dance Beat". All were released on Eccles' Clandisc record label.
Influence
Adored by skinheads and mods in England at the time, he was crowned the Boss DJ. As Stitt's first deejay style records hit in England, several Jamaican producers tried to record other "veteran" deejays such as Dennis Alcapone and U Roy (both of whom were actually still in their twenties).
Upon the success of the first Stitt releases, Clement Dodd, aka Sir Coxson, began to release his own King Stitt recordings on now scarce 7-inch Studio One label singles. In the 1990s a full album of Stitt deejaying over late 1950s and early '60s recordings, such as Owen Grey's "On the Beach", was released by Coxsone and entitled Dancehall '63. A full CD of hard-to-find 7-inch singles called Reggae Fire Beat, including his classic work for Clancy Eccles, was released on the Jamaican Gold CD label.
Comeback
After years as an assistant to Dodd in Studio One's premises in Kingston, Stitt recorded again. He can be heard on a 2002 Bruno Blum-produced deejay version of Serge Gainsbourg's reggae song "Des Laids Des Laids" entitled "The Original Ugly Man", released on Gainsbourg's Aux Armes Et Cætera "dub style" remixes in 2003 (featuring The Revolutionaries with Sly & Robbie and Bob Marley's vocal group I-Threes).
His last recording, an original ska tune called "Zoot Suit Hipster", was recorded in Kingston with Leroy Wallace aka Horsemouth on drums, Bruno Blum on guitar and Flabba Holt on bass. It was also produced by Bruno Blum and released in 2002 on his Jamaican label "Human Race" vinyl single. It is featured on the 2011 Human Race double CD album. A vocal duet version with Bruno Blum was issued on the B-side of the "Human Race" single.
Stitt, who lived in the house next door to Studio One on Brentford Road, was regularly performing in Jamaica as part of 'revive' shows. He can be seen selecting & deejaying on the Soul Jazz DVD documentary of Studio One called The Studio One Story. Stitt was seen on 2002's Legends of Ska concert series in Toronto, where he selected and deejayed before, after, and between sets. A documentary of the Legends of Ska concert series was made but not yet released. He was also filmed on one of his last public appearances at the Garance Reggae Festival in France, August 2011, and made his first full international concert in Brazil, October 2011. In his last concert Stitt paid tribute to his friend and producer Chester Synmoie, who had died during his tour.
Death
Following a battle with prostate cancer, Stitt died at his home in Kingston on 31 January 2012. He is survived by a daughter.
Discography
Albums
Fire Corner – 1969 – Trojan Records
Dance Hall '63 – Studio One (1993)
Reggae Fire Beat – 1969–1970 – Jamaican Gold (1996)
Compilations
Serge Gainsbourg, Aux Armes Et Cætera "dub style" – (Philips-Universal Music) (2003)
Human Race – (Rastafari-Patch Work) (2011)
References
External links
King Stitt interview
King Stitt tribute on Myspace
Jamaican reggae musicians
1940 births
2012 deaths
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Jamaica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Stitt |
Fabio Grosso (; born 28 November 1977) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who is the current head coach of Ligue 1 club Lyon.
After playing for several smaller Italian clubs, such as Renato Curi, Chieti and Perugia, he made his breakthrough during his two seasons with Palermo, which earned him a move to defending Serie A champions Inter Milan in 2006. During his only season with Inter, he helped the club defend the Serie A title and win the Supercoppa Italiana. He later also won titles with Lyon in France and with Juventus. Grosso retired in 2012 after winning the Scudetto with Juventus.
At international level, Grosso made 48 appearances for Italy and scored the decisive late first goal against Germany in the 2006 World Cup semi-final. He also scored the winning penalty in the penalty shootout against France in the final of the tournament which enabled the Azzurri to win the trophy for the fourth time in their history. He also represented Italy at UEFA Euro 2008 and at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Club career
Renato Curi
Grosso was born in Rome but hails from Chieti, Abruzzo, where his family soon returned to. Grosso joined Renato Curi Angolana in 1994 and played in the club's youth system until 1995. He was promoted to the senior squad for the 1995–96 season and soon became a key part of the first team. Following the 1997–98 season, he left the Eccellenza club to join Chieti for an undisclosed transfer fee. Grosso made 108 official appearances for Renato Curi, scoring 47 goals as an attacking midfielder and left winger.
Chieti
In summer 1998, Grosso transferred to Chieti of Serie C2. An attacking midfielder at the time, he again impressed in his three-season spell with Chieti. He scored 17 goals in 68 league appearances. He was scouted by Serie A club Perugia in 2001, and in mid-summer, Grosso officially transferred to the club.
Perugia
In July 2001, Grosso officially joined Perugia. In his debut Serie A season, he made 24 appearances and scored one goal. By now, he had been converted into a left wing-back by head coach Serse Cosmi and in his second season in Perugia, he maintained a starting position and made 30 league appearances, scoring four goals. In his third season with Perugia, Grosso made just 12 appearances in the first six months of the 2003–04 season. Grosso transferred from Perugia in January 2004 to Palermo, which at the time played in Serie B.
Palermo
During the winter transfer window in January 2004, Grosso transferred to the Sicilian side and they earned promotion at the conclusion to the season. Grosso made 21 appearances for his new club in the latter portion of the 2003–04 season, scoring one goal, as the club won the Serie B title.
Palermo's first season in Serie A was very successful as the club managed a very impressive sixth-place finish, losing just nine matches and also qualifying for the UEFA Cup. Grosso contributed as a regular starter, making 36 league appearances, also scoring a single goal. During the 2005–06 Serie A season, Grosso made 33 appearances for his club as Palermo impressed, finishing eighth in Serie A. He was one of four Palermo players who made Marcello Lippi's 2006 FIFA World Cup-winning squad, but at the conclusion of the tournament, Grosso was sold to Inter Milan.
Inter Milan
In July 2006, Grosso joined Inter for a reported €5 million transfer fee (plus Paolo Dellafiore). However, Grosso was in-and-out of the club's starting line-up and was mostly used as a substitute. He made just 23 appearances for Inter in the league, and scored two goals, as the team captured the 2006 Supercoppa Italiana and the Serie A title. Following the disappointing season with Inter, Grosso opted to move abroad and was sold to Lyon in the summer of 2007, just one year after his move to Inter.
Lyon
In July 2007, Grosso moved abroad and signed a four-year contract with Lyon of the French Ligue 1, after passing a medical and agreeing personal terms. The transfer fee was €7.5 million. He was issued the number 11 shirt. In his first season, he was part of the club's starting line-up in both the UEFA Champions League and Ligue 1, and won the league title, the Coupe de France and the Trophée des Champions. In his second season with Lyon, Grosso was limited to just 22 league appearances, partially due to injury, but was heavily linked with a move back to Italy during the 2009 summer transfer window. In August 2009, he officially returned to Italy, joining Juventus.
Juventus
On 31 August 2009, it was confirmed Grosso had returned to Serie A to join Juventus, following his two-year spell in France. After chasing the defender all summer long, the parties struck a deal on the final day of the transfer market at a €2 million fee plus bonus up to €1 million. He was instantly inserted into Juventus' starting XI, and began the season in good form. He scored his first goal in a league game against Udinese in November 2009. He made 28 appearances during the season, and scored two goals.
In the 2010–11 season, Juventus released several elder players, but Grosso reportedly refused any transfer. Juve youth product Paolo De Ceglie took back the starting place and Grosso was frozen out from the start of season, as well as being excluded from 25-man squad for 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. However, after Juventus lost numbers of players due to injury, Grosso and Hasan Salihamidžić were recalled for the first time, on 6 November. He made two appearances in his final season, the 2011–12 season, as new head coach Antonio Conte either preferred De Ceglie or had a winger or wide midfielder deputize as a fullback or wingback in a 3–5–2 formation. Juventus won the title undefeated that season. Grosso's contract ended in the summer of 2012 and he opted to retire from professional football.
International career
Early career
Grosso made his international debut with the Italy national team on 30 April 2003 in a 2–1 friendly away win over Switzerland, under head coach Giovanni Trapattoni. He scored his first goal for Italy in a 1–1 away draw against Scotland, on 2 September 2005, in a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying match.
2006 World Cup
From 2005 onwards, Grosso became a regular member of the starting line-up at left-back under Marcello Lippi, and was called up to represent Italy at the 2006 FIFA World Cup by Lippi, playing a key role throughout the tournament as the Italians went on to win the title.
In injury time of the round of 16 fixture against Australia, with the score tied at 0–0, Grosso advanced with the ball into the box from the left flank and was fouled in the penalty area by Lucas Neill, who went to ground, causing Grosso to stumble. Francesco Totti subsequently converted the decisive penalty issued by referee Luis Medina Cantalejo, as a ten-man Italy won the match 1–0 to advance to the quarter-finals. However, Grosso was accused of diving by some media outlets. In 2010, Grosso sat down with an Australian media outlet where he said he did not stay on his feet because he was exhausted and "didn't have the strength to go forward", he said he "felt contact, so I went down" and "maybe I accentuated it a little bit", but insisted that, after reviewing the replay, Neill did commit a foul.
On 4 July 2006, Grosso scored the first goal against hosts Germany in the 119th minute of the World Cup semi-finals, with a curling left-footed strike beyond the reach of Jens Lehmann into the Germans' net from the edge of the box, which commentator John Motson would describe as "magnificent", while Grosso ran about screaming "Non ci credo!" ("I don't believe it!") as his teammates celebrated. In the World Cup final, five days later, he scored the winning penalty against France in a 5–3 victory in the resulting shoot-out after a 1–1 draw following extra-time, which allowed the Italy national team to win their fourth World Cup title.
Later career
Grosso was also included in Roberto Donadoni's 23-man Italy squad for UEFA Euro 2008. He made a substitute appearance in Italy's opening match of the tournament, a 3–0 defeat to the Netherlands, but was subsequently started in the remaining two group matches, a 1–1 draw against Romania, and a 2–0 win over France, and was praised in the Italian media for his performances along the left flank as Italy advanced from the group in second place. In the quarter-final match against eventual champions Spain, he helped the team keep a clean sheet and converted Italy's first penalty in the resulting shoot-out, which Spain won 4–2.
Following the tournament, Grosso was also first choice left-back in returning Italy manager Marcello Lippi's Azzurri squad for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign. For the 2010 World Cup, he was called up to the pre-World Cup training camp alongside Juventus teammates Gianluigi Buffon, Giorgio Chiellini, Fabio Cannavaro, Nicola Legrottaglie, Mauro Camoranesi, Antonio Candreva, Claudio Marchisio and Vincenzo Iaquinta on 4–5 May, and was included in the 30-man preliminary squad announced on 11 May. However, in the second training camp, he was dropped, alongside Candreva.
Managerial career
At the start of the 2013–14 season, it was announced Grosso would take up a coaching position in the Juventus youth system. On 11 March 2014, he was appointed as the new manager of the Juventus Primavera (U-19) youth team, following a string of poor performances under manager Andrea Zanchetta, who was transferred to another position within the youth system.
On 13 June 2017, Grosso was named as head coach of Bari in Serie B. The following April, his home was vandalised by fans of local rivals Pescara, who hanged a rooster, the mascot of his club. The team finished seventh and were eliminated from the playoffs by Cittadella.
Grosso was appointed as manager of Hellas Verona on 21 June 2018, signing a two-year deal at the newly relegated Serie B club. He was sacked the following May, after a shock 3–2 home loss to relegation-threatened Livorno.
On 5 November 2019, Grosso was appointed as the manager of Serie A club Brescia. He was sacked on 2 December after three straight defeats without a single goal.
Grosso was as appointed the manager of Swiss Super League side Sion on 25 August 2020. He was sacked on 5 March 2021, after a 3–0 home loss to Lugano as Sion sat in last place in the league.
On 23 March 2021, Grosso was appointed as the manager of Frosinone. He won the 2022–23 Serie B, after which his contract expired and he was replaced by Eusebio Di Francesco.
On 16 September 2023, Grosso was unveiled as the new manager of Ligue 1 club Lyon, a club at which he formerly played. On 29 October 2023, prior to an away match against rivals Marseille at the Stade Vélodrome, Grosso suffered a facial injury due to shards of broken glass hitting his face after the Lyon bus was pelted with stones on its way to the stadium. He received medical treatment due to heavy bleeding. The match was subsequently postponed by the officials.
Style of play
A former attacking left back, Grosso was a physical, quick, and energetic player, who was sound both defensively and offensively, due to his work-rate, attacking prowess, technique, and stamina, which enabled him to excel as an offensive–minded left-back. A versatile footballer, regarded as one of the top Italian full-backs of his generation, he was also adept with accurate crossing ability, which even allowed him to be deployed as a winger or as an attacking wing-back on either flank throughout his career, despite being naturally left-footed. Unusually for a defender, he was also a free kick, penalty and corner kick specialist, responsibilities usually held by a striker or midfielder.
Personal life
Grosso is married to Jessica Repetto.
Career statistics
Source:
Club
International
International goals
Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Perugia
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2003
Inter Milan
Serie A: 2006–07
Supercoppa Italiana: 2006
Lyon
Ligue 1: 2007–08
Coupe de France: 2007–08
Trophée des Champions: 2007
Juventus
Serie A: 2011–12
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 2006
Orders
CONI: Golden Collar of Sports Merit: 2006
4th Class / Officer: Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2006
Manager
Frosinone
Serie B: 2022–23
References
External links
FootballDatabase.com provides Grosso's profile and stats
1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chieti
Footballers from Abruzzo
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's international footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Ligue 1 players
SS Chieti Calcio players
AC Perugia Calcio players
Palermo FC players
Inter Milan players
Juventus FC players
Olympique Lyonnais players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2008 players
2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Italian expatriate sportspeople in France
Men's association football defenders
Italian football managers
SSC Bari managers
Hellas Verona FC managers
Brescia Calcio managers
Frosinone Calcio managers
FC Sion managers
Serie A managers
Serie B managers
Swiss Super League managers
Olympique Lyonnais managers
Ligue 1 managers
Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Italian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in France
Expatriate football managers in Switzerland
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio%20Grosso |
Steve Ross may refer to:
Steve Ross (artist) (born 1966), Artist, son of Bob Ross
Steve Ross (director) (born 1949), American film director
Steve Ross (businessman) (1927–1992), American businessman and CEO of Time Warner, and member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame
Steve Ross (basketball) (born 1980), Canadian basketball player
Steven Ross (born 1993), Scottish footballer
Stevie Ross (born 1965), Scottish footballer
Steve Ross (cabaret singer) (born 1938), American cabaret singer and pianist
Steven J. Ross (historian), American historian and author
Steven T. Ross (1937–2018), American military historian
Stephan Ross (1931–2020), Polish-American holocaust survivor
See also
Stephen Ross (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Ross |
"Can You Hear Me?" is a ballad by English musician David Bowie from his 1975 album Young Americans. Bowie called it a "real love song", written with someone in mind, but he did not identify them. The song was released as a single in November 1975 on the B side of "Golden Years".
Chris O'Leary writes that "Can You Hear Me?", with its guilt and "studied unease", is "sumptuous, its intro alone masterful": "Once we were lovers / Can they understand? / Closer than others, I was your / I was your man." The alto sax, played by David Sanborn and introduced in the third verse, "becomes a competing vocal line". The arrangement and "small cathedral of voices" obscure the "pathetic man at the heart of the song".
The song was written by Bowie, produced by Bowie, Tony Visconti, and Harry Maslin, and engineered by Carl Paruolo. The backing vocalists included the 24-year-old Luther Vandross at the very beginning of his career.
Recordings
Then known as "Take It In Right", the song was first recorded on 1 January 1974 at Olympic Studios in Barnes, London. As "Can You Hear Me?", it was included in Bowie's soul album The Gouster, recorded in 1974 but released posthumously on the box set Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976) (2016).
Bowie decided in 1974 to have the Scottish singer Lulu record the song, which they did on 25 March, again at Olympic, and on 17 April at RCA's studio in New York. It was at the New York session that Bowie first met the guitarist Carlos Alomar, who became a major collaborator. Bowie believed that Lulu had the potential to be a great soul singer. "Lulu's got this terrific voice, and it's been misdirected all this time, all these years," he told an interviewer in 1974. "People laugh now, but they won't in two years time, you see! I produced a single with her – 'Can You Hear Me' – and that's more the way she's going. She's got a real soul voice, she can get the feel of Aretha, but it's been so misdirected." He said he wanted take her to Memphis and record an album with her and a band such as Willie Mitchell's. According to Nicholas Pegg, the recording of Lulu singing "Can You Hear Me?" is "one of the lost grails of Bowie fans".
On 13–18 August 1974, Bowie recorded "Can You Hear Me?" at Sigma Sound in Philadelphia for Young Americans. In August 1975, he told Anthony O'Grady, in an interview for New Musical Express: "'Can You Hear Me' was written for somebody but I'm not telling you who it is. That is a real love song. I kid you not."
A live performance recorded on 20 October 1974, during the third leg of Bowie's Diamond Dogs Tour, was released in 2020 on I'm Only Dancing (The Soul Tour 74). Bowie also sang the song live on 23 November 1975 with Cher, on The Cher Show on CBS.
Personnel
Producers:
David Bowie
Tony Visconti
Harry Maslin
Strings arrangement:
Tony Visconti
Engineering
Carl Paruolo
Musicians:
David Bowie: lead vocal
Carlos Alomar: rhythm guitar
Mike Garson: piano
David Sanborn: alto saxophone
Willie Weeks: bass guitar
Andy Newmark: drums
Larry Washington and possibly Pablo Rosario: conga
Luther Vandross, Ava Cherry, Robin Clark, possibly Diane Sumler and Anthony Hinton: backing vocals
Unknown: strings
References
Sources
1970s ballads
1974 songs
1975 singles
1975 songs
Blue-eyed soul songs
British soul songs
David Bowie songs
RCA Records singles
Wikipedia requested audio of songs
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Songs written by David Bowie
Soul ballads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%20You%20Hear%20Me%3F%20%28David%20Bowie%20song%29 |
The Elbasan alphabet is a mid 18th-century alphabetic script created for the Albanian language Elbasan Gospel Manuscript, also known as the Anonimi i Elbasanit ("the Anonymous of Elbasan"), which is the only document written in it. The document was created at St. Jovan Vladimir's Church in central Albania, but is preserved today at the National Archives of Albania in Tirana. The alphabet, like the manuscript, is named after the city of Elbasan, where it was invented, and although the manuscript isn't the oldest document written in Albanian, Elbasan is the oldest out of seven known original alphabets created for Albanian. Its 59 pages contain Biblical content written in a script of 40 letters, of which 35 frequently recur and 5 are rare.
Letters
Unicode
Elbasan (U+10500–U+1052F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
Creation
The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript comes from the Orthodox Christian monastery of St. Jovan Vladimir's Church in the village of Shijon, west of Elbasan. With the exception of a short 15th century Easter Gospel transcript, it was the oldest work of Albanian Orthodox literature, and the oldest Orthodox Bible translation into Albanian. The authorship of the document is a matter of speculation, see the main article on this topic for details.
The manuscript was purchased a little before or around World War II by the politician Lef Nosi, who possessed a remarkable personal library and was a notable collector. It was confiscated from him by the communist regime in 1945. It is now preserved in the National Archives of Albania. The albanologist and translator Injac Zamputi (1910–1998) transcribed the manuscript, after which the Elbasan Gospel was published in standard Albanian for the first time.
Anonymous authorship
The author of the alphabet remains unknown, though several hypotheses have been brought forward. The most accepted proposal comes from Mahir Domi in 1965, claiming the Moschopole typographer Gregory of Durrës to be the author of the alphabet. Domi bases his claim on several factors, the main one being a note by (1744–1804) which states "Gregory of Durrës translated the Old and New Testament on a script he invented himself". Domi's hypothesis was later supported by Robert Elsie.
The name "Papa Totasi" (father Totasi) is written on the cover's verso, thus sometimes the alphabet is attributed to him.
Historical analysis
Robert Elsie notes the author's desire to avoid foreign influences. The Latin, Greek and Arabic scripts had already been in use for Albanian, and the Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts were also available. But the author chose to devise a new script specific to Albanian, reflecting what Elsie called "the wish of Albanian intellectuals" for a distinct writing system of their own. Furthermore, a surprisingly low number of loanwords appear in the manuscript: only three Latin loans, seven Turkish loans, and twenty-one loans from Biblical Greek (the language the manuscript was translated from). Elsie argues that the author's determination to root out loanwords becomes clear with the marked crossing out of the Turkish loan sheher "city" and its replacement with qytet, which was apparently not recognized as a loan from Latin cīvitāt(em).
Properties
The Elbasan alphabet exhibited a nearly one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters, with only three exceptions, of which two were restricted to Greek loanwords. The modern Albanian alphabet, based on the Latin script, is phonemically regular for the standard pronunciation but it is not one-to-one because of the use of ten consonant digraphs.
Dots are used on three characters as inherent features to indicate varied pronunciation found in Albanian: single r represents the alveolar tap but with a dot it becomes an alveolar trill , whereas a dotted l becomes velarized and a dotted d becomes prenasalized into nd. (Today this nd has become a sequence of two separate phonemes; Modern Greek has undergone somewhat similar development.) Elsie says that the alphabet generally uses Greek letters with a line on top as numerals. While some of the letters appear to have been inspired by Greek or Glagolitic forms, he considers the majority to be unique for this alphabet, whereas Shuteriqi and Domi see a strong influence of Old Church Slavonic language due to the jurisdiction, until 1767, of the Archbishopric of Ohrid.
See also
Albanian alphabet
Linguistic purism
Todhri alphabet
Vithkuqi alphabet
Sources
External links
Free Elbasan Unicode font
Google font Noto Sans for Elbasan
"Elbasan" - Omniglot
Elbasan Script Transliterator
Albanian scripts
Alphabets
Obsolete writing systems
Constructed scripts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan%20alphabet |
The Prussian Officer and Other Stories is a collection of early short stories by D. H. Lawrence. It was published by Duckworth in London on 26 November 1914, and in America by B. W. Huebsch in 1916.
The stories collected in this volume are:
"The Prussian Officer"
"The Thorn in the Flesh"
"Daughters of the Vicar"
"A Fragment of Stained Glass"
"The Shades of Spring"
"Second Best"
"The Shadow in the Rose Garden"
"Goose Fair"
"The White Stocking"
"A Sick Collier"
"The Christening"
"Odour of Chrysanthemums"
"The Prussian Officer" plot
The first narrative in the collection is "The Prussian Officer", which tells of a captain and his orderly. Having wasted his youth gambling, the captain has been left with only his military career, and though he has taken on mistresses throughout his life, he remains single. His young orderly is involved in a relationship with a young woman, and the captain, feeling sexual tension towards the young man, prevents the orderly from engaging in the relationship by taking up his evenings. These evenings lead to the captain abusing his orderly and leaving large, painful bruises on his thighs, making it hard for the orderly to walk. Whilst isolated in a forest during manoeuvres, the orderly takes out murderous revenge on the captain, but finds himself in a daze seemingly due both to the pain of the bruises and thirst. The orderly eventually collapses and dies in the hospital shortly thereafter. The corpses of the two men lay side by side.
Standard edition
The Prussian Officer and other stories (1914), first edition
The Prussian Officer and other stories (1914) (annoted), edited by John Worthen, Cambridge University Press, 1983,
External links
The full text of the collection
Short story collections by D. H. Lawrence
1914 short story collections
Gerald Duckworth and Company books
1910s LGBT novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Prussian%20Officer%20and%20Other%20Stories |
Tom Hart (born October 8, 1969) is an American comics creator best known for his Hutch Owen series of comics.
Career
Tom Hart began making mini-comics while living in Seattle in the early 1990s. Like many of his colleagues including Megan Kelso, Dave Lasky, Jason Lutes, Jon Lewis, and James Sturm he was an early recipient of the Xeric Foundation grant for cartoonists.
His Xeric-winning book, Hutch Owen's Working Hard was 56 pages and self-published in 1994.
His next book, New Hat, was published through Canadian publisher Black Eye Productions in 1995. Black Eye then published his next book, The Sands, in 1997.
Hart returned to the Hutch Owen series and published a first collection of stories with Top Shelf Productions in 2000. Later books in the series have also been published by Top Shelf. Time magazine has called Hutch Owen "A devastating satire [which] feels like a scalding hot poker cauterizing the open wound of American corporate and consumer culture."
Hutch Owen has also been distributed as daily print and webcomic strips, and Hart is a former editor of and contributor to serializer.net. One of the original comics on serializer was Trunktown, a Hutch Owen spin-off drawn by Hart and written by Shaenon Garrity. His strip version of Hutch Owen, ran in the Metro newspaper in New York and Boston for a year and a half from 2006-2008.
In 2008 his comic strip collaboration with Marguerite Dabaie, Ali's House, was bought and syndicated by King Features Syndicate. The strip is now archived at GoComics.
Tom Hart is also an experienced teacher, having taught for more than six years at New York's School of Visual Arts, Parsons, the Education Alliance, Young Audiences, numerous places across the country and all over New York City.
He had three books pending in 2010, Let's Get Furious, a collection of all the Hutch Owen comic strips, How to Say Everything, a book about creativity in comics, and She's Not Into Poetry, a collection of his 1990s mini-comics.
In 2012 he published Daddy Lightning, about his experiences as a father. In January 2016 he published Rosalie Lightning, a memoir named after his daughter, who had died suddenly when she was almost two, and about his and his wife's grief and their attempts to make sense of their life afterwards.
Personal life
Hart is married to fellow cartoonist Leela Corman.
Notes
References
Tom Hart at Lambiek's Comiclopedia
External links
HutchOwen.com
People from Kingston, New York
School of Visual Arts faculty
Alternative cartoonists
Living people
1969 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Hart%20%28cartoonist%29 |
The Želiezovce group was an archaeological group ("culture") during the first part of the Middle Neolithic period in western Slovakia, Spiš, Transdanubia, adjacent Austria, southern Moravia, and southern and south-eastern Poland. It arose from the Linear Pottery Culture.
The group is named after finds made in Veľký Pesek, now part of the village of Sikenica (which was part of Želiezovce in 1986-1992). The excavation archive was deposited in Želiezovce when discovered.
Archaeological cultures in Austria
Archaeological cultures in the Czech Republic
Archaeological cultures in Hungary
Archaeological cultures in Poland
Archaeological cultures in Slovakia
Neolithic cultures of Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeliezovce%20group |
National Farmers Union (officially Farmers Educational and Cooperative Union of America) is a national federation of state Farmers Union organizations in the United States. The organization was founded in 1902 in Point, Texas, and is now headquartered in Washington, D.C.. The organization was created to protect and enhance the economic well-being and quality of life for family farmers, ranchers, and their rural communities. It does this by promoting legislation and education beneficial to farmers and developing cooperative buying and selling methods and businesses. The current president is Rob Larew, and the vice president is Jeff Kippley. Former NFU Presidents have included Roger Johnson, Tom Buis, and David Frederickson.
Today, the National Farmers Union represents more than 200,000 family farms and ranches across the United States. There are organized chapters in 33 different states, and proposals are often started at the local level before moving up to the state and national levels. Once in the spring and once in the fall, leaders of NFU convene in Washington, D.C., to talk with legislators about solutions to their problems.
NFU advocates sustainable production of food, fiber, feed, and fuel. They also state, "NFU will continue to be the respected, influential, and independent national voice and coalition leader that bridges family producers and consumers on behalf of a vibrant and growing grassroots membership."
History
National Farmers Union was founded in 1902, and since then has strived to be politically involved in many issues. Years later, they formed their first marketing cooperative. In the early 1900's, they campaigned for a parcel post system, direct election of senators, and voting rights for women. Their efforts also led to the enactment of the Federal Farm Loan Act. This act established twelve Federal Land Banks.
In 1931 the organization established the Farmers Union Central Exchange and in 1936, it promoted the Commodity Exchange Act. In 1934, it absorbed the once-powerful American Society of Equity. In 1943, NFU campaigned to make school lunches permanent, and two years later, was a founding member of Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe (CARE). NFU once again made its mark on school lunches when it helped pass school milk legislation through Congress. 1954 also saw the organization fight for a refund of the federal gas tax for gasoline used for agricultural purposes.
In 1949, the NFU fought hard for the Brannan Plan, which would provide generous subsidies to farmers, especially those with smaller-than-average operations. All the other major farm groups opposed the Brannan Plan, which never passed Congress.
In 1966, NFU worked to fight poverty by founding Green Thumb (now known as Experience Works), which secures employment for low-income and older workers. When efforts were made to eliminate the United States Department of Agriculture as a cabinet-level agency, NFU was successful in blocking these efforts.
During the 1970s, NFU took part in developing rural health systems and was also included in the World Hunger Action Council. In 1980, the organization has also contributed to the process of passing a capital gains tax on foreigners who held US farmland.
In 1982, NFU participated in getting a portion of the military budget shifted to humanitarian food aid using commodity surpluses from the US. In 1990, the organization pushed for increased regulation and a national standard for organically-produced food. In 2002, NFU was among the leaders of a coalition of 165 farm and consumer groups that helped establish mandatory country-of-origin labeling. It took even more additional effort for the country-of-origin labeling to be officially implemented, and NFU led the charge. The labeling finally went into effect September 30, 2008, but is still being fought by multinational meat companies.
History of diversity, equity, and inclusion
The Farmers Union has a long history regarding equality and opportunities for women. Unlike many organizations at the time, the Farmers Union did not operate a separate women's auxiliary or distinguish membership of women differently from that of men. In 1908, the Pleasant Valley Union in Rooks County, Kansas elected Miss Amanda Bates as the first-known woman chapter president in Farmers Union history. This was more than a decade before the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted women the right to vote. In 1925, the Alabama Farmers Union elected Ida Mathis to be the first state president in Farmers Union history. The first female to be elected to Wisconsin Farmers Union's board was Ruth Huntington of Mondovi, Wisconsin in 1952.
In 1930, the National Farmers Union established a youth education program as women from across the U.S. pushed for formalized youth involvement in the organization.
In November 2017, the Wood-Portage-Waupaca County chapter of Wisconsin Farmers Union elected Alicia Razvi as the first Muslim county president in Farmers Union history.
Current activities
Renewable energy and the environment
National Farmers Union promotes renewable energy sources such as ethanol, biodiesel, and wind energy. They took part in the passing of the Renewable Fuel Standard (United States) in 2005. This standard mandates the use of of renewable fuels by 2012, which represents a doubling of domestic renewable fuel production. The organization has also supported legislation promoting gas stations that carry E-85. The organization is in favor of an ethanol fuel tax incentive.
NFU is also working on a carbon credit program, which would allow farmers to earn income by storing carbon in their soil through “no-till crop production, conversion of cropland to grass, sustainable management of native rangelands and tree plantings”. In the program’s first two years of operation, it has earned over $8 million for participating producers.
Transportation
For transportation, NFU supports a system of waterways, railways, and roads that ensure the free flow of products to the market.” The organization also supports the continued expansion of telecom utilities into rural areas, as well as adequate health care, including increased funding for emergency response personnel and greater access to prescription drugs.
Economic policy
The organization opposes the privatization of Social Security, citing that rural America is aging faster than the rest of the nation while economic growth has been significantly slower. NFU distinguishes between "Free Trade" and "Fair Trade", and advocates for policies that protect family farms and ranches.
NFU supports Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL). COOL was first passed in 2002 and then refined in 2008, mandates that muscle cuts of meat and some vegetables, nuts, and fruits sold at retail must contain a label informing consumers about the country where the product was sourced.
Taxes
Concerning tax policy, NFU opposes the flat tax. The organization favors limited income tax refunds for lands used for agricultural purposes. NFU advocates for estate tax relief for family farms and ranches. As for environmental concerns, NFU favors the Safe Water Drinking Act, which would help protect groundwater in rural areas. It is also in favor of conservation, responsible use of public lands, responsible use of chemical agents, and protection of wildlife and endangered species.
Electoral politics
The election of Barack Obama in November 2008 was largely seen as a win for NFU, which graded each candidate based on their policies. Obama received a perfect 100 percent rating, based on his support of the 2008 Farm Bill and a renewable fuel standard. On the other hand, the organization gave John McCain a grade of zero percent, partly because he favored reducing subsidies for ethanol and food products. The NFU typically supports liberal policies, such as increased government and environmental regulation, anti-trust activities, and social safety net programs.
See also
Farmers' suicides in the United States
References
External links
National Farmers Union site
Iowa Farmers Union site
Minnesota Farmers Union site
North Dakota Farmers Union site
Pennsylvania Farmers Union site
South Dakota Farmers Union site
Texas Farmers Union site
Wisconsin Farmers Union site
1902 establishments in the United States
Agricultural organizations based in the United States
Farmers' organizations
Organizations established in 1902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Farmers%20Union%20%28United%20States%29 |
John Emms may refer to:
John Emms (artist) (1844–1912), English painter
John Emms (chess player) (born 1967), English chess master
John Victor Emms (1912–1993), English landscape painter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Emms |
Kim Strauss is an American voice actor and best-selling author with his children's books Kalan the Mighty Warrior: Book One and Braxus the Owl: Guardian of the Forest. He was the voice of Ninjor in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
History
He is also known for doing many voice roles throughout the history of the Power Rangers franchise prior to Power Rangers Ninja Storm; the more notable roles include Ninjor in Season 3 of Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers, Scorpius in Power Rangers: Lost Galaxy, and Jinxer in Power Rangers: Lightspeed Rescue. He has also enjoyed recurring acting roles on popular television series such as The Young and the Restless and Babylon 5.
His first appearance in Power Rangers franchise prior to becoming its known voice actor was physically portraying a minor character, Harvey Garvey in Season 2 of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, whose fate in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Once and Always is revealed to have passed away in 2022, a year prior to the event of said Netflix’s special movie.
Filmography
Anime
Bleach Since 2004 – Sajin Komamura (until Ep. 99), Kaien Shiba, Tatsufusa Enjōji, Oscar Joaquin de la Rosa, Jūshirō Ukitake (Ep. 40)
Blue Dragon – General Szabo
The Big O – R. Frederick O'Reilly
Cagaster of an Insect Cage – Mario
Dinozaurs – Dino Tyranno
Eureka Seven – Dewey Novak
Fafner in the Azure – Tomatsu Kōdate
Flint the Time Detective – The Old Timer, Elfin
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex – Gayle (Eps. 20–21)
Grenadier - The Senshi of Smiles – Jester Kaizan Doushi
Immortal Grand Prix – Sir Hamgra
Japan Sinks: 2020 – Saburō Ōtani
Karas – Nurse
Mars Daybreak – Grandpa
Naruto – Ibiki Morino
Overman King Gainer – Ariel
Rurouni Kenshin – Tsukioka Tsunan
Samurai Champloo – Mukuro
Scrapped Princess – Lenard
Tenchi Muyo! GXP – Tarant Shank
Tenchi Muyo! Ryo-Ohki – Sorunāru, Additional Voices
Tenjou Tenge – Mitsuomi Takayanagi
Transformers: Robots in Disguise – Ultra Magnus
Mirage of Blaze – Masamune Date
The Twelve Kingdoms – Keiki
Western animation
The Casagrandes – Trailer Narrator, Voice Over, Food Critic (in "Guess Who's Shopping for Dinner?")
Video games
Blue Dragon – Silent Ku, Guru-Guru, Pachess Townperson
Doom Eternal – UAC Cultist, Battlemode Announcer
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex – Eichi Gotoh
Grand Theft Auto V – The Local Population
Naruto: Ultimate Ninja – Tazuna
Live-action
Adventures in Voice Acting – Himself
Babylon 5 – Additional Roles
ER – Ari
Masked Rider – Water Bug (voice), Masked Rider Warrior Leader (voice)
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers – Harvey Garvey, Ninjor (voice; credited as Kurt Strauss)
Power Rangers Zeo - Auric the Conqueror (uncredited)
Million Dollar Baby - Irish Fan #3
Power Rangers Wild Force – Lawnmower Org (voice), Rofang (voice)
Power Rangers Time Force – Tronicon (voice), Venomark (voice)
Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue – Jinxer (voice), Magmavore (1st voice), Vilevine (voice)
Power Rangers Lost Galaxy – Scorpius (voice), Teksa (1st voice), Decibat (voice)
Power Rangers in Space – Clawhammer, Barillian Bug Monster (voice, uncredited)
The Young and the Restless - Dr. Reese Walker
References
External links
Kim Strauss's Official Website
Living people
American children's writers
American male soap opera actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
Male actors from Chicago
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Strauss |
The Valley of the Shadow of Death is Chicago Celtic Punk band The Tossers' fifth studio album. It was released in 2005 on Victory Records and is their first album with the label.
The title is from the Bible, Psalm 23:4 "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me."
The eighth track, "Drinking In the Day", begins with a reading of the poem "Clearing a Space", by the Irish poet Brendan Kennelly.
Track listing
"Goodmornin' Da" – 1:42
"A Criminal of Me" – 3:44
"No Loot, No Booze, No Fun" – 2:58
"The Crock of Gold" – 6:01
"Late" – 3:31
"Out on the Road" – 2:38
"I've Pursued Nothing" – 4:05
"Drinking in the Day" – 6:53
"Phoenix Park" – 4:07
"Go Down Witch Down" – 3:14
"Preab San Ol" – 4:28
"The Valley of the Shadow of Death" – 6:38
The Tossers albums
2005 albums
Victory Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Valley%20of%20the%20Shadow%20of%20Death |
John F. Quinn (born April 7, 1963 in New Bedford, Massachusetts) is an American politician who represented 9th Bristol District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1992 to 2011. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Bristol County Sheriff in 2010. He is currently the Assistant Dean for Public Interest Law and External Relations at UMASS Law.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Politicians from New Bedford, Massachusetts
Suffolk University Law School alumni
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth alumni
People from Dartmouth, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20Quinn |
The Gladiators are a Jamaican roots reggae band, most popular during the 1970s. The core was Albert Griffiths (lead guitar and vocals; born 1945, died December 15, 2020), Clinton Fearon (bass guitar and vocals) and Gallimore Sutherland (rhythm guitar and vocals). Their two most famous albums are Trenchtown Mix Up (1976) and Proverbial Reggae (1978) with songs such as "Hearsay", "Jah Works", "Dreadlocks the Time is Now". "Mix Up", "Music Makers from Jamaica", and "Soul Rebel" – a song written by The Wailers. Gladiators also cooperated with the toaster U-Roy.
History
Albert Griffiths, singer and guitar player, was the founder of the reggae group The Gladiators. After some success with the singles "You Are The Girl" (a b-side to The Ethiopians' hit record "Train to Skaville") in 1966, he recruited his childhood friends David Webber and Errol Grandison in 1968 to form the original Gladiators vocal group. The group's name was allegedly suggested by a fellow bus passenger during the time of their first recordings.
The group's first major success was with the single "Hello Carol" in 1968, for producer Coxsone Dodd, which topped the Jamaican music charts. Shortly afterwards, in 1969, Webber was stricken with illness and was replaced by Clinton Fearon, one of Griffiths' proteges. Similarly Grandison left the group in 1973 for family commitments and was replaced by Gallimore Sutherland.
During the early 1970s the Gladiators cut numerous records for various producers such as, Lloyd Daley and Lee Perry, but it was their recordings for Dodd at Studio One that became the biggest hits. During this time at Studio One the Gladiators' hits included "Bongo Red", "Jah Jah Go Before Us", "Mr. Baldwin", and "Roots Natty".
The success of these recordings garnered the attention of Britain-based Virgin Records, who gave the group their first major recording contract in 1976. Their debut album released on Virgin was the Tony Robinson produced Trenchtown Mix Up (1976), which included revisions of many of their early hits. They followed this effort with Proverbial Reggae (1978). At the time Gladiators was a band with Albert Griffiths on lead guitar and vocals, Clinton Fearon on bass guitar and vocals, Gallimore Sutherland on rhythm guitar and vocals, Sly Dunbar on drums, Lloyd Parks on bass, Uziah "Sticky" Thompson on percussion, Ansel Collins on keyboards and Earl 'Wire' Lindo on synthesizer. Errol Thompson and Joe Gibbs were their engineer and mixer, and Robinson the record producer.
Dodd and Studio One also released Studio One Presenting the Gladiators, (1978) a compilation of some early Gladiators' records released 1968 – 1974. The Gladiators' next two albums on Virgin were Naturality (1978) and Sweet So Till (1979). The group's next album Gladiators was recorded at Coach House Studios in the UK with local producer Eddy Grant. It was the first Gladiators' album on which no member of the group played any of the instruments, as a few members of the band Aswad were brought in. The album did worse than their previous work, and they were subsequently dropped from their contract with Virgin. Virgin subsequently released two compilation albums Vital Selection in 1981 and Dreadlocks The Time Is Now in 1983.
At the time, roots reggae was declining. A new type of reggae – based on drum machine, sampler, synthesizers and organ – occurred in the 1980s; ragga. One of the reasons for ragga's swift propagation is that it is generally easier, and less expensive to produce, than reggae performed on traditional musical instruments. Nevertheless, the Gladiators released eleven studio albums in the 1980s. They soon found a home at US-based Nighthawk Records and released Symbol of Reality in late 1982 followed by Serious Thing in 1984. One year later the Gladiators changed labels again, this time moving to Heartbeat Records, where they released albums throughout the latter half of the decade. In 1987 Fearon left the group after eighteen years, but Griffiths and Sutherland have continued to release albums on various labels since then.
With the advent of dancehall in the 1990s, the Gladiators only released three studio albums during that decade. Eventually, the Gladiators, Mighty Diamonds, Bunny Wailer, Heptones and Burning Spear had a renaissance. The dancehall artists had to change their profile and baptised their new showmanship as conscious dancehall.
In 2005, the Gladiators released Fathers and Sons which has been regarded as Albert Griffiths' farewell after ill health forced him to retire from touring, with his sons, Alan and Anthony, joining the group.
In June 2013, the group announced that their next album would be a collaboration with deejay Droop Lion, nephew of original Gladiators' member David Webber, performing new versions of some of the group's most popular tracks.
Discography
Studio albums
Index of 1966 - 1975 singles and recordings
Compilation and live albums
References
External links
as The Gladiators Band
1968 establishments in Jamaica
Jamaican reggae musical groups
Roots Reggae Library
Musical groups established in 1968
Heartbeat Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gladiators%20%28band%29 |
The Champagne Riots of 1910 and 1911 resulted from a series of problems faced by grape growers in the Champagne area of France. These included four years of disastrous crop losses, the infestation of the phylloxera louse (which destroyed of vineyards that year alone), low income and the belief that wine merchants were using grapes from outside the Champagne region. The precipitating event may have been the announcement in 1908 by the French government that it would delimit by decree the exact geographic area that would be granted economic advantage and protection by being awarded the Champagne appellation. This early development of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée regulation benefitted the Marne and Aisne districts to the significant exclusion of the Aube district which included the town of Troyes—the historic capital of the Champagne region.
Relationship between growers and Champagne houses
In the Champagne region, the production of Champagne is largely in the hands of producers who purchase grapes from independent growers. While some growers today produce wines under their own labels (known collectively as "grower Champagne"), in the early 20th century the immense amount of capital needed to produce Champagne was beyond the reach of most growers. Champagne houses were able to bear the large risk of losing a considerable amount of product from exploding bottles as well as the cost of maintaining storage facilities for the long, labor-intensive process of making Champagne. This dynamic created a system that favored the Champagne houses as the only source of revenue for the vineyard owners. If the Champagne houses did not buy their grapes, a grower had little recourse or opportunity for another stream of income.
Early discontent
The discontent that eventually led to the riots began during the 19th century. The early vintages of the 20th century were difficult, due to frost and rains severely reducing the crop yields. The phylloxera epidemic that ravaged vineyards across France began to affect Champagne. The harvests between 1902 and 1909 were further troubled by mold and mildew. The 1910 vintages were afflicted by hailstorms and flooding. Nearly 96% of the crop was lost. Champagne's growing popularity, as well as the lack of grape supply in Champagne, encouraged the Champagne houses to look outside the Champagne region for a cheaper supply of grapes. Some producers began using grapes from Germany and Spain. The French railway system made it easy for large quantities of grapes from the Loire Valley or Languedoc to be transported to Champagne at prices nearly half of what the houses were paying Champenois vine growers for their grapes. Newspapers published rumors of some houses buying rhubarb from England to make wine from. With few laws in place to protect the vine grower or the consumer, Champagne houses held most of the power in the region to profit from these faux Champagnes. The Champenois vine growers were incensed at these practices, believing that using "foreign" grapes to make sparkling wine was not producing true Champagne. They petitioned the government for assistance and a law was passed requiring that at least 51% of the grapes used to make Champagne needed to come from the Champagne region itself.
Collusion was practised among various Champagne houses in order to drive down the prices of grapes to as a low as they would go, with the ever-present threat that if the houses could not get their grapes cheaply enough they will continue to source grapes from outside the region. With vineyard owners vastly outnumbering the producers, the Champagne houses used this dynamic of excess supply vs limited demand to their advantage. They hired operatives, known as commissionaires, to negotiate prices with vine growers. These commissionaires were paid according to how low a price they could negotiate, so many used tactics including violence and intimidation. Some commissionaires openly sought bribes, often in the form of extra grapes, from vine growers to which they would sell themselves for profit. The prices they were able to negotiate rarely covered the cost of farming and harvesting which left many Champenois vine growers in poverty. Champenois vineyard owners were being paid less for fewer grapes. Poverty was widespread.
Riots
In January 1911, frustrations reached boiling point as riots erupted along the towns of Damery and Hautvilliers. Champenois vine growers intercepted trucks with grapes from the Loire Valley and pushed them into the Marne river. They then descended upon the warehouses of producers known to produce these faux Champagne, tossing more wine and barrels into the Marne. The owner of Achille Perrier found his house surrounded by an angry mob chanting "A bas les fraudeurs" (Down with cheaters). He was able to escape harm by hiding in the home of his concierge. The height of the violence was experienced in the village of Aÿ, located northeast of Épernay. As the mob descended upon the city little was spared. Homes of private citizens as well as Champagne house producers were pillaged and ransacked. Somewhere a fire was started that spread throughout the city. The regional governor sent an urgent telegraph to Paris requesting assistance stating, "We are in a state of civil war!" By sunrise the entire village of Aÿ was burning. To quell the violence, the French government sent over 40,000 troops to the region—setting up a billet in every village.
Establishing the Champagne zone
The relationship between the growers and Champagne producers was not the only source of tension. Within the Champagne region itself there was civil discontent among neighbors as to what truly represented "Champagne". The French Government tried to answer the vine growers concerns by passing legislation defining where Champagne wine was to come from. This early legislation dictated that the Marne department and a few villages from the Aisne department were the only areas approved to grow grapes for Champagne production. The glaring exclusion of the Aube region, where Troyes, the historic capital of Champagne, is located, promoted further discontent as the Aubois protested the decision. The Aube, located south of the Marne, was closer to the Burgundy region in terms of soil and location. The growers of the Marne viewed the region as "foreign" and not capable of producing true Champagne but the Aubois viewed themselves as Champenois and clung to their historical roots.
Protest erupted from growers in the Aube district as they sought to be reinstated as part of the Champagne region. The government, trying to avoid any further violence and disruption, sought a "compromise solution" by designating the department as a second zone within the Champagne appellation. This provoked the growers in the Marne region to react violently to their loss of privilege and they lashed out again against merchants and producers who they accused of making wine from "foreign grapes"—including those from the Aube. Thousands of wine growers burned vineyards, destroyed the cellars of wine merchants, and ransacked houses as hundreds of liters of wine were lost. The government was once again going back to the drawing-board in search of a solution to end the violence and appease all parties. Negotiations among vine growers, producers and government officials was ongoing when World War I broke out and the region saw all parties united in defense of country and the Champagne region.
Aftermath
Following the riots, the French government worked with a collaboration of vineyard owners and Champagne houses to delineate an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée for the Champagne region. Only wines produced from grapes grown within the geographical boundaries (that included the Marne, Aube and parts of the Aisne departments) could be entitled to the name Champagne. Eventually these principles were enshrined by the European Union with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status. To deal with the problem of collusion among Champagne houses and fairness in pricing, a classification system of Champagne's villages set up a price structure for the grapes. Villages were rated on a numerical 80-100 scale based on the potential quality (and value) of their grapes. The price for a kilogram of grapes was set and vineyards owners would receive a fraction of that price depending on the village rating where they were located. Vineyards in Grand crus villages would receive 100% of the price while Premier crus village with a 95 rating would receive 95% of the price and so forth down the line. Today the business dynamic between Champagne houses and vineyards owners is not so strictly regulated but the classification system still serves as an aid in determining prices with Grand and Premier crus vineyards receiving considerably more for their grapes than vineyards in villages with ratings below 90%.
See also
History of Champagne
References
External links
The New York Times archives "MORE CHAMPAGNE RIOTS.; Mob Sacks Wine Merchants' Houses In Disturbed District." (April 16, 1911)
Labor disputes in France
Riots and civil disorder in France
History of Grand Est
History of Aube
History of Marne (department)
Champagne (wine)
History of wine
1910 in France
1910 riots
1911 in France
1911 riots
Agriculture and forestry strikes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagne%20Riots |
Lycosura () was a city in the ancient Parrhasia region of south Arcadia said by Pausanias to be the oldest city in the world, although there is no evidence for its existence before the fourth century BCE. Its current significance is chiefly associated with the sanctuary of the goddess Despoina, which contained a colossal sculptural group that Pausanias (perhaps inaccurately) wrote was made by Damophon of Messene. This group comprises acrolithic-technique statues of Despoina and Demeter seated on a throne, with statues of Artemis and the Titan Anytos standing on either side of them – all in Pentelic marble. The dates of both the temple and the sculptural group have occasioned some dispute. Remains of a stoa, altars, and other structures have been found at the site as well. The Sanctuary of Despoina at Lycosoura is located 9 km WSW of Megalopolis, 6.9 km SSE of Mount Lykaion, and 160 km SW of Athens. There is a small museum at the archaeological site housing small finds as well as part of the cult group, while the remains of the cult statues of Despoina and Demeter are displayed at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
Mythology and history
The chthonic goddess worshiped by the Arcadians under the title, Despoina (Δέσποινα: the Mistress)(later conflated with Kore) who originally was considered to be the daughter of Poseidon Hippios and Demeter, rather than of Zeus and Demeter as was Kore. Her real name could not be revealed to anyone except those initiated to her mysteries at Lycosura, consequently, this name is unknown.
In the second century CE, the Greek periegetic writer Pausanias, relying on personal observations, available texts, and consultation with local persons, wrote the only extant account of the ancient city and its sanctuary. He relates that Lycosura was founded by Lycaon the son of Pelasgus, and asserted that it was the oldest city in the world. He notes that Cleitor, the grandson of Arcas (hence the toponym Arcadia), dwelled in Lycosura.
In 368 or 367 BCE, when many cities in the region were unified into the city of Megalopolis through persuasion or force, the citizens of Lycosura, Trapezus, Lycaea, and Tricoloni refused to relocate. The citizens of Trapezus were massacred or driven into exile by the Arcadians, but the citizens of Lycosura were spared due to reverence for the Sanctuary of Despoina, where they had sought asylum. Thus, many of the cities of the region were abandoned in favor of Megalopolis and their sanctuaries fell out of use. Pausanias states that the Sanctuary of Despoina was 40 stades (7.4 km) from Megalopolis, which exercised political control over the sanctuary. In the second century CE a statue of the emperor Hadrian was dedicated in the temple. Coins from Megalopolis of the Severan period in the early third century appear to depict the cult statue group. Despite its significance to the Arcadians and occasional notice from the wider Mediterranean world, the cult of Despoina appears to have remained tied to this one sanctuary at Lycosura.
Archaeology
Overview of the site
The site of Lycosura occupies a hill of 632 m in the wooded, mountainous region south of the river Plataniston. The Sanctuary of Despoina is sited in a declivity on the north-eastern face of the hill occupied by the city. The temple and considerable remains of the cult statuary group were discovered in 1889 CE by the Greek Archaeological Service, well before the advent of stratographic excavation techniques. Dating of the finds and structures thus remains problematic, although later excavations and studies have attempted to clarify the situation. While the site of the city remains largely unexcavated, the sanctuary of Despoina has been uncovered thoroughly and consists of a temple, a stoa, an area of theater-like seats, three altars, and an enigmatic structure conventionally called the Megaron. Pausanias also describes a temple of Artemis Hegemone (Artemis the Leader) at the entrance to the sanctuary on its eastern side; to date, this structure and a number of others mentioned by the author have not been identified archaeologically. Traces of the temenos wall (boundary of the sacred area) have been detected on the north and the east sides of the sanctuary; thus, the southern and western limits of the sacred area are unknown.
Temple of Despoina, Stoa, and altars
The Temple of Despoina is prostyle-hexastyle in plan and in the Doric order – i.e., it had six Doric columns across the front façade only. In plan, the stylobate (platform) of the temple measures 11.15 by 21.35 m and is divided between a pronaos (front portico) and a cella. The lower portion of the walls of the temple cella are built of limestone, consisting of a course of orthostates capped by two string courses; the walls are completed to the level of the roof in fired clay brick, which would have been plastered. The six columns of the façade are in marble, as is the entablature. A curious feature of this temple is the doorway in the south wall facing the theater-like area. Although uncommon, side doorways are known from other temples in Arkadia: i.e. Athena Alea at Tegea, and Apollo Epikourios at Bassai.
Rather than extending as steps along the four sides of the temple, the stepped crepidoma spans only the front of the temple and has returns on the sides as far as the antae. The architecture also deviates from the standard Doric schema in that its Doric frieze is 1.5 times the height of the architrave. At the rear of the cella is a massive, c. 1 m high stone podium designed to hold the cult statuary group, in front of which is a mosaic decorating the floor. General consensus holds that the first construction of this temple dates to the fourth century BCE. There were several repairs during the Roman period.
To the south of the temple, inset into the slope of the hill, is a theater-like area with ten rows of stone seats ranging from 21 to 29 m in length. These rows of seats are uncurved and parallel with the south wall of the temple.
To the northeast of the temple, there was a Stoa also in the Doric order with a single story and an internal colonnade, measuring 14 by 64 m. Foundations for a room of uncertain function measuring 5.5 by 6 m are connected to the west end of the stoa. Pausanias reported that the stoa contained a panel painted with matters pertaining to the mysteries and four bas-relief sculptures in white marble depicting:
Zeus and the Fates
Hercules wrestling Apollo for the Delphic tripod
nymphs and pans
The historian Polybios with an inscription praising his wisdom
Unfortunately, none of these reliefs has been recovered in the excavations. Similar use of a stoa to display artwork is known for the Stoa Poikile (Painted Stoa) of ancient Athens, where scenes were painted directly onto the rear wall of the structure. Stoas, as well as treasuries, were frequently used at sanctuaries to store votive gifts to the deities: e.g. the stoa and treasury of the Athenians at Delphi and the multiple treasuries at Olympia.
Three small, stone altars were found in the area c. 15 m to the east of the temple dedicated to Despoina, Demeter, and Gaia, the Great Mother, respectively. Many votive gifts and offerings also were found in the excavation of the sanctuary.
Megaron and beyond
The structure termed the Megaron (Great Hall), after Pausanias, is poorly preserved, but secure in its essential plan, measuring 9.5 m in width by 12 m in depth. In the view of William Dinsmoor, this structure can be reconstructed as a monumental altar with stairways flanking both sides and having a small stoa at its top – comparable to the Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon. Of great interest are the more than one hundred and forty terra cotta figurines having the heads of sheep or cows that were found in the area of the Megaron. The great majority of these are women and closely resemble the decorative figures carved into the veil of the colossal head of Despoina.
Beyond the Megaron, Pausanias also noted the presence of a grove sacred to Despoina surrounded by stones with altars of Poseidon Hippios and other deities beyond that, with one altar stating that it was sacred to all the deities. From there it was possible to access a shrine of Pan via a flight of stairs. Associated with this shrine were an altar of Ares, two statues of Aphrodite (one marble one wooden – a xoanon – and older), wooden images (xoana) of Apollo and Athena, and a sanctuary of Athena. These features have not been securely located.
Archaeological remains outside of the sanctuary
Although the sanctuary of Despoina has been excavated to a large extent, the urban area of Lycosura and its periphery have received much less attention. Outside of the sanctuary and sixty meters southwest of the temple, on the opposite side of the ridge running southeast to northwest, up to the hill of the acropolis, a number of structures of Hellenistic and Roman date have been uncovered that may have hydraulic functions, perhaps a nymphaeum (fountain-house) and a complex of Roman thermae (baths). Some remains of the city wall have also been traced.
Cult sculptural group
Although in many fragments and not completely preserved, the colossal cult group attributed to Damophon by Pausanias has been extensively studied and described. No comprehensive study of all the remains has yet been carried out, however. The relatively small cella of the temple of Despoina was dominated by a cultic group of statues comprising four significantly greater than life-size acrolithic-technique figures as well as a highly ornate throne for the central figures of Despoina and Demeter – all in Pentelic marble. This arrangement was somewhat unusual in that the typical situation was for there to be a single cult statue at the rear of the cella that was the primary object of veneration. The central figures of Despoina and Demeter were on a colossal scale, significantly greater than that of Artemis and the Titan Anytus. The bust of Despoina is not preserved. Holes are preserved on the bust of Artemis for the attachment of earrings and other metal ornaments, and for a diadem (or rays) on the bust of Demeter. The eyes of Artemis and Anytus were inset, rather than being carved from the marble as they were in the bust of Demeter. The great goddess, Gaia, could be represented as a throne and the throne of Despoina and Demeter was decorated with tritonesses – an appropriate theme given the identification of Poseidon as the father of Despoina. This nautical reference is underscored by the presence of marine themes on the veil of Despoina as well. One of these tritonesses was replaced in the Roman period, indicating damage to the group, perhaps due to an earthquake.
While the entire group is of significant stylistic interest, the veil of Despoina is particularly so, due to the complexity of its decorative program. In addition to the lines of dancing, animal-headed women mentioned above, there are several other registers of sculpted ornamentation on the two levels of the veil. The upper level of the veil of Despoina has the following modes of decoration (from top to bottom):
A series of triangular rays
A band of eagles and winged thunderbolts
A band of olive sprays
A frieze of Nereids riding sea horses and Tritons, with dolphins intermixed
A tasseled fringe
The lower (and larger) layer has (from top to bottom):
A frieze of Nikai carrying censers, while bearing olive sprays in front of themselves
A band of olive sprays
A frieze of dancing animal-headed figures
A running-wave meander pattern
It has been suggested that this veil is representative of the types of tapestry or embroidered woven materials that were created by contemporary artists in that community. The high level of detail is cited as a hallmark of Damophon's technique. The frieze of marine deities and the running-wave meander pick of the reference to Poseidon in the throne. The band of eagles and winged thunderbolts may be a reference to Zeus.
The images of the goddesses themselves and the throne on which they sit, and the footstool under their feet are of one stone. ... The images are about the same size as that of the Mother among the Athenians. These are works of Damophon. Demeter bears a torch in her right hand, and she has placed her other hand on Despoina. On her knees, Despoina has a scepter and what is called the Cista (box), which is held in her right hand. On either side of the throne, Artemis stands beside Demeter clothed in the hide of a deer, and having a quiver on her shoulders, and one hand there is a torch and in the other two snakes. A dog lies beside Artemis, the sort that is appropriate for hunting. Beside the image of Despoina stands Anytus, portrayed as a representation of a man in armor.
—Pausanias 8.37.3-5
Significance of the site
In addition to the find of the Acrolithic statues commonly attributed to Damophon, this temple is important for the study of ancient Greek religious practice, due to the unusual feature of its side doorway coupled with a theater-like area. Several authors have postulated that the side doorway and theater-like area were created to allow a ritual for the mystery cult of Despoina to take place, perhaps an epiphany of the goddess.
According to Pausanias, the Megaron (Μέγαρον) was the location for major sacrifices to Despoina by the Arcadians and the location where they enacted the mysteries of the goddess. The mode of sacrifice at the Megaron was unusual in that it involved hacking a limb from the sacrificial animal rather than cutting its throat. The similarity of the figurines found in the vicinity of the Megaron and the dancing figures carved on the veil of Despoina may reveal something concerning the rituals of the cult. The supposition that the site was a locus of cult activity from considerable antiquity is supported by the presence of multiple xoanon-type cult statues, by the unusual mode of sacrifice, and by the special veneration shown to the sanctuary by the Arcadians in 368/7 BCE as discussed above. As with Eleusis and Samothrace, Lycosura is an important site for the study of ancient mystery religions and religion more broadly, although it remained a regional rather than a panhellenic or pan-Mediterranean cult.
Pausanias relates that the Despoina sculptural group was created by the eminent Hellenistic artist Damophon of Messene. While Damophon has been placed at dates varying from the fourth century BCE to the age of Hadrian in the second century, now it generally is accepted that he was active in the second century BCE, two centuries after the construction of the temple. Pausanias also states that the statues of Despoina and Demeter were worked from a single piece of marble without any use of iron clamps or mortar. As these statues are acrolithic in construction, this statement is manifestly incorrect, rendering his attribution of the group to Damophon equally suspect. At the time of Pausanias' visit, the sculptures would have been three hundred or more years old; no one with certain knowledge of their origins was alive. As much of what has been written concerning the style of Damophon relies on these sculptures, their attribution of no little importance.
Additional images of the sanctuary of Despoina
See also
National Archaeological Museum of Athens
Notes and references
Sources
Further reading
Dinsmoor, William Bell, 1975. The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of its Historic Development. New York: Norton Press.
Jost, M. 1994. "The Distribution of Sanctuaries in Civic Space in Arkadia." In S.E. Alcock and R. Osborne (eds.), Placing the Gods, Oxford, pp. 217–30.
Kavvadias, P. 1893. Fouilles de Lycosoura. Athens.
Leonardos, V. 1896. "Ανασκαφαι του εν Λυκοσουρα ιερου της Δεσποινης." Praktika.
Stewart, Andrew. 1990. Greek Sculpture: An Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Orlandini, G.A. 1972. Considerazioni sul mégaron di Licosura. Roma: Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene
External links
Archaeological Μuseum of Lykosoura
Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
A reconstruction of the cult statuary group within the cella
Greek Travel Page for the ancient city
Arcadia, Peloponnese
Populated places in ancient Arcadia
Arcadian city-states
Temples in ancient Arcadia
Terracotta
Former populated places in Greece
Buildings and structures in Peloponnese (region)
Tourist attractions in Peloponnese (region) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycosura |
Betty Heathfield (30 March 1927, Chesterfield – 16 February 2006) was a leading figure in the Miners' Wives Support Groups during the UK miners' strike (1984–1985).
Her papers are located at the Women's Library, London School of Economics, Ref# 7BEH.
References
1927 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in England
People from Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Alumni of Lancaster University
British communists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Heathfield |
John Emms (1844 – 1 November 1912) was an English artist.
Biography
Emms was born in Blofield, Norfolk, the son of artist Henry William Emms. He became an avid hunter and became famous for his paintings of horses, and of dogs, particularly foxhounds and terriers. He exhibited at the Royal Academy several times, beginning in 1866. His paintings are signed “Jno Emms”.
He married Fanny Primmer of Lyndhurst, Hampshire, in 1880. The couple lived in London for a time but returned to Lyndhurst in 1881 and built a large house and studio named The Firs, where Emms lived for the rest of his life. He died in Lyndhurst.
His painting of "Callum" a Dandie Dinmont Terrier hangs in the National Gallery of Scotland. In 1919, the owner of the dog, James Cowan Smith, donated £55,000 (£ in ) to the National Gallery of Scotland with a requirement that obliged them to display the painting on its walls in perpetuity.
Emms is considered a painter of great ability. According to the American Kennel Club, his painting The New Forest Foxhounds is valued at an estimated $800,000–$1.2 million.
References
The Dictionary of British Equestrian Artists.
Dog artists
1844 births
1912 deaths
People from Lyndhurst, Hampshire
People from Blofield
20th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Emms%20%28artist%29 |
Bloxsome is a British surname, possessed by a surviving line of Bloxsome's in Australia who originally immigrated from Europe in the late 19th century to early 20th century.
See also
Blosxom, a type of software.
References
"Bloxsom". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloxsom |
Snow Bowl or Snowbowl may refer to:
Sporting events
A nickname for various gridiron football games played during snowy conditions:
Canadian Football League (CFL)
84th Grey Cup (1996), between the Toronto Argonauts and Edmonton Eskimos played in Hamilton, Ontario
105th Grey Cup (2017), between the Toronto Argonauts and Calgary Stampeders played in Ottawa, Ontario
College football (NCAA)
Snow Bowl (1950), match-up of the Michigan Wolverines at Ohio State Buckeyes
Snow Bowl, 1992 match-up of the Penn State Nittany Lions at Notre Dame Fighting Irish (recap)
2000 Independence Bowl, between the Mississippi State Bulldogs and Texas A&M Aggies played in Shreveport, Louisiana
National Football League (NFL)
1948 NFL Championship Game, between the Chicago Cardinals at Philadelphia Eagles, also known as the [“Philly Blizzard”]
Snow Bowl (1985), week 13 match-up of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Green Bay Packers
Snow Bowl, 2001 AFC Divisional Playoff match-up of the Oakland Raiders at New England Patriots, also known as the Tuck Rule Game
Snow Bowl, 2007 NFC Divisional Playoff match-up of the Seattle Seahawks at Green Bay Packers, also known as the [“Snow Globe Game”]
Snow Bowl, 2013 week 14 match-up of the Detroit Lions at Philadelphia Eagles, also known as the [“Blizzard Bowl”]
Snow Bowl (2017), week 14 match-up of the Indianapolis Colts at Buffalo Bills
Places
Arizona Snowbowl, a ski area near Flagstaff, Arizona
Camden Snow Bowl, a ski area in Camden, Maine
Middlebury College Snow Bowl, a ski area in Hancock, Vermont
Montana Snowbowl, a ski area near Missoula, Montana
See also
Ice Bowl (disambiguation)
Freezer Bowl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow%20Bowl |
Nils Poppe (31 May 1908 – 28 June 2000) was a Swedish actor, comedian, director, screenwriter and theatre manager. He is internationally most famous for his part in Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal, but in Sweden he was much loved and participated in over 50 films on cinema and TV.
Biography
Background
Poppe's mother was unmarried and forced to place him with a Danish foster mother in Malmö, Sweden, who put him on a diet of bread dipped in beer. After two years he was rescued from her by Anders and Amanda Jönsson at Möllevången in Malmö, who became his foster parents. His theatrical dreams began to blossom early, and at school he showed off his comic talent.
On 1 August 1926, Poppe enlisted in the navy and trained as a torpedoman at the 1st Professional Company in Karlskrona as No. 427 Jönsson. However, the four-year enlistment period had to be prematurely terminated on 16 March 1928, likely due to a heart condition, which had shortly before resulted in 30 days of treatment at the Navy Hospital. Thereafter, he was not called up for military service, but he enlisted with number 936-2/1928. Nils Poppe attended in Svalöv from 1929 to 1930.
Early acting career
His career began with at the in Malmö in 1930, arranged by the school rector. Initially he had his sights set on becoming a dramatic actor, but realised that he was better suited for comedy, revue, operetta and musical, especially as he also was a good dancer and singer, and decided to develop his comic streak. From the start he had a natural talent for dance and acrobatics, which he used for most of his career.
During his four years at the Hippodrome Theatre, he appeared in a wide range of revues and operettas, including The Green Pastures, Mutt and Jeff, and The Flower of Hawaii. During a tour with the operetta Mr. Cinders (1934), he was offered a role in at the Folkets Hus theatre in Stockholm. Poppe accepted and became a resident of Stockholm for a long time to come. He quickly became an indispensable part of the , demonstrating his acrobatic talents in sketches. He became famous and popular in the Stockholm entertainment scene. It was at the Folkets Hus theatre that he first performed his Charlie Chaplin parody. Nils Poppe was often compared to Chaplin; the similarities were many, although Poppe developed his own style over time.
In the 1940s, a new era in his career began when Poppe was hired by theatre director Gustaf Wally. Wally was known for his lavish productions and launched modern musical theatre. Poppe's definitive breakthrough came in the operetta Boys in Blue at Oscarsteatern in 1942. It was there that his long-standing collaboration with Annalisa Ericson and choreographer began. The Poppe-Ericson pair became a popular dance couple and were often compared to Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire. Together they starred in the musical Me and My Girl at the Södra Teatern in Stockholm in 1947. The role of photographer Bill Snibson in Me and My Girl became a major role for Poppe; he played it a total of 1,040 times on various stages in Sweden, Finland and Denmark – wearing the same pair of trousers every time. In 1949, a film version was made entitled .
Film career
His film debut was in 1937, a modest role as a bear in the Adolf Jahr film ; a series of film comedies then followed, including , , and .
In the 1940s Poppe became the country's leading film comedian. With Annalisa Ericson as his partner, he made comic dance films such as Don't give up and . He tried to combine his comic talent with seriousness and reflection in films such as (1943), Money (1946) and (1946), which were artistic successes but not audience hits.
In 1948 the character was born, the pedantic bully with the mustache, who became one of Poppe's most popular film characters. The first film, , was a smash hit, running for 48 weeks in Stockholm cinemas. Seven Bom films were made, including (1949), Customs Officer Bom (1951) and (1958). The Bom films were also international successes, and were particularly popular in Germany.
Another figure associated with Poppe is , the Scanian student who knew all the law by heart. There were four comedy feature films with him as the main character.
Consequently, Ingmar Bergman's decision to cast Poppe in Ingmar Bergman's 1957 film The Seventh Seal as the joker Jof surprised many, but with that role Poppe showed that he could also convey much warmth and compassion. He would later appear in another Bergman film, The Devil's Eye (1960), playing a vicar.
Fredriksdalsteatern
In the early 1960s, his career took a downturn. His desire to entertain disappeared and his popularity declined. His career was revived when he took over the open-air theatre in Helsingborg in 1966 and returned to the stage. The first play was Charles Dyer's Rattle of a Simple Man and was the start of a long-lasting tradition. With operettas and farces such as Charley's Aunt, The White Horse Inn, , The Chaste Libertine and Meine Schwester und ich, he made the open-air theatre a national phenomenon. People flocked from all over Sweden to see Poppe, in rain or shine. When the plays began to be broadcast on Sveriges Television during Epiphany weekend, the audience numbers increased even more. In addition to his success at Fredriksdalsteatern, Poppe made guest appearances at Lisebergsteatern in Gothenburg, Maximteatern in Stockholm, and the city theatres in Helsingborg and Malmö. Particularly memorable is his Tevye in the musical Fiddler on the Roof at the Helsingborg City Theatre in 1979.
Throughout his career, Poppe was rather private. Just in time for his 80th birthday in 1988, he was persuaded by TV producer to appear in an interview series called ('Poppe close-up'). Many admired and marvelled at Poppe's vitality and mobility; at the age of 80 he could still perform small dance numbers on stage. He retired at the age of 85 and gave his last performance, Bröderna Östermans huskors, in 1993. He performed opposite Eva Rydberg, who later took over Fredriksdalteatern and continued it in Poppe's spirit.
Poppe's international stardom was proven as early as 1959, when the Royal National Theatre in London organised the 100 Clowns film comedy festival. Virtually every film comedian in history was represented with one of their works. It featured such greats as Harry Langdon, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Laurel and Hardy, Bob Hope, Peter Sellers, Danny Kaye and others. Among them was Nils Poppe, who was introduced as follows: "Sweden's greatest clown and comedian of the classic mould, which has affinities both with Chaplin and with Kaye".
Later years and private life
In his last few years Poppe declined quickly. He suffered several blood clots that took away his sight and speech, leaving him in a wheelchair. Poppe died in Helsingborg in 2000 and is buried in Allerum cemetery north of Helsingborg. His gravestone is adorned with an epitaph: "Say hello and tell them I'm in Allerum cemetery", something he often said when he felt tired in old age.
Nils Poppe was married twice; first to actress Inga Landgré (1949–1959), and then to actress (née Sundberg) (1965–2000) who was 29 years younger than him. He had two children with each wife and three of them have become actors, like their parents.
Poppe lived from 1949 to 1967 in Danderyd, in a property that had previously been an inn and that is located along the old highway between Stockholm and Norrtälje. From 1968 until his death he lived in Domsten north of Helsingborg.
Awards
From 1984 to 2001, the newspaper Svenska Dagbladet awarded the Poppe Prize, named after Nils Poppe, to actors involved in revue, musicals, and variety shows.
1974 –
1975 –
1976 – Swedish Theatre Critics Association Theatre Prize
1979 – Kvällsposten's EDVARD Prize
1982 –
1984 –
1987 – H. M. The King's Medal, 8th size with bright blue ribbon
1987 – Litteris et Artibus
1987 –
1988 – Illis quorum, 8th size "for outstanding, exceptionally enduring and, in the best sense, popular acting work"
1988 –
1989 – Swedish Academy's theatre prize
1989 – Swedish Union for Performing Arts and Film's gold medal for "outstanding artistic achievement"
1990 –
Partial filmography
Adolf Strongarm (1937) - Skogens Konung (uncredited)
Skicka hem nr. 7 (1937) - Undergraduate Blom
Adolf i eld och lågor (1939) - Fireman Knutte
Spöke till salu (1939) - Kirre
Melodin från Gamla Stan (1939) - Nisse Karlsson, musician
Kronans käcka gossar (1940) - 52 Nisse Ek
...som en tjuv om natten (1940) - Manager Svalling
Karusellen går... (1940) - Nisse Lind
Beredskapspojkar (1940) - Nisse Nyberg
Tre glada tokar (1942) - Ruter
Tre skojiga skojare (1942) - Fabian Lundegren, inventor
Som fallen från skyarna (1943) - Dr. Baltazar
Det spökar - det spökar... (1943) - Vikke Vire
Det går som en dans... (1943) - Viktor Mattson
Aktören (1943) - Philip Vinberg
Sten Stensson kommer till stan (1945) - Sten Stensson Steen
Blåjackor (1945) - Sgt. Kalle Svensson
Pengar – en tragikomisk saga (1946) - Harry Orvar Larsson
The Balloon (1946) - Sten Stensson Steen / Orvar Knatte / Yusuf / The King / Beppo
Poor Little Sven (1947) - Sven Carlsson
Don't Give Up (1947) - Pelle Olsson
Private Bom (1948) - Fabian Bom
Hur tokigt som helst (1949) - Mångsysslare
Greven från gränden (1949) - Tiburtius Pettersson
Father Bom (1949) - Fabian Bom
Customs Officer Bom (1951) - Fabian Bom
Livat på luckan (1951) - 52:an Nisse Ek
Snurren direkt (1952) - Vicke Vire
Bom the Flyer (1952)- Fabian Bom / Bom senior
Dance, My Doll (1953) - Sebastian Pettersson
Stupid Bom (1953) - Fabian Bom / Dumbom
Uncle's (1955) - Patrik Palmquist
The Light from Lund (1955) - Sten Stensson Steen
The Biscuit (1956) - Valfrid, pickpocket
The Seventh Seal (1957) - Jof / Joseph
More Than a Match for the Navy (1958) - Fabian Bom
Only a Waiter (1959) - Fabian Bom
A Lion in Town (1959) - Charlie
The Devil's Eye (1960) - The Vicar
Sten Stensson Returns (1963) - Sten Stensson Steen
References
External links
1908 births
2000 deaths
Litteris et Artibus recipients
Actors from Malmö
Swedish theatre directors
Swedish male screenwriters
Swedish male dancers
20th-century Swedish male actors
20th-century Swedish male singers
20th-century Swedish screenwriters
20th-century Swedish male writers
Recipients of the Illis quorum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Poppe |
Estonia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 with the song "Eighties Coming Back" written by Vaiko Eplik. The song was performed by the band Ruffus. The Estonian broadcaster Eesti Televisioon (ETV) organised the national final Eurolaul 2003 in order to select the Estonian entry for the 2003 contest in Riga, Latvia. Ten songs competed in the national final and "Eighties Coming Back" performed by Claire's Birthday was selected as the winner by an international jury panel. The band was later renamed as Ruffus for the Eurovision Song Contest.
Estonia competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 24 May 2003. Performing during the show in position 17, Estonia placed twenty-first out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 14 points.
Background
Prior to the 2003 Contest, Estonia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest eight times since its first entry in , winning the contest on one occasion in 2001 with the song "Everybody" performed by Tanel Padar, Dave Benton and 2XL.
The Estonian national broadcaster, Eesti Televisioon (ETV), broadcasts the event within Estonia and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. Since their debut, the Estonian broadcaster has organised national finals that feature a competition among multiple artists and songs in order to select Estonia's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. The Eurolaul competition has been organised since 1996 in order to select Estonia's entry and on 8 November 2002, ETV announced the organisation of Eurolaul 2003 in order to select the nation's 2003 entry.
Before Eurovision
Eurolaul 2003
Eurolaul 2003 was the tenth edition of the Estonian national selection Eurolaul, which selected Estonia's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2003. The competition consisted of a ten-song final on 8 February 2003 at the ETV studios in Tallinn, hosted by Marko Reikop and Romi Erlach and broadcast on ETV. The national final was watched by 343,500 viewers in Estonia with a market share of 57.4%.
Competing entries
On 8 November 2002, ETV opened the submission period for artists and composers to submit their entries up until 9 December 2002. A record 100 submissions were received by the deadline—breaking the previous record of 90, set during the 2002 edition. A 10-member jury panel selected 10 finalists from the submissions and the selected songs were announced on 13 December 2002. Among the competing artists was previous Eurovision Song Contest entrant Koit Toome, who represented Estonia in 1998. Kaire Vilgats (member of Family), Kadi Toom, Maarja Kivi (member of Vanilla Ninja), Maiken and Nightlight Duo have all competed in previous editions of Eurolaul. The selection jury consisted of Jaak Joala (musician), Meelis Kapstas (journalist), Ivo Linna (singer), Jaan Karp (musician), Priit Hõbemägi (culture critic), Tõnu Kõrvits (composer), Eda-Ines Etti (singer), Ignar Fjuk (architect), Karmel Eikner (journalist) and Tiit Kikas (musician).
Final
The final took place on 8 February 2003. Ten songs competed during the show and a jury selected "Eighties Coming Back" performed by Claire's Birthday as the winner. A non-competitive public vote conducted via televoting and online voting which registered 77,729 votes was also held and selected "Club Kung-Fu" performed by Vanilla Ninja as the winner. The jury panel that voted in the final consisted of Anders Berglund (Swedish conductor), Sergio (Belgian singer), Darja Švajger (Slovenian singer), Manfred Witt (German television producer), Moshe Datz (Israeli singer), Renārs Kaupers (Latvian musician), Michael Ball (British singer) and Bo Halldórsson (Icelandic singer).
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the bottom five countries in the 2002 contest competed in the final on 24 May 2003. On 29 November 2002, an allocation draw was held which determined the running order and Estonia was set to perform in position 23, following the entry from Belgium and before the entry from Romania. The band performed at the contest under the new name Ruffus and Estonia finished in twenty-first place with 14 points.
The show was broadcast in Estonia on ETV with commentary by Marko Reikop as well as via radio on Raadio 2 with commentary by Vello Rand. The Estonian spokesperson, who announced the Estonian votes during the show, was Ines who had previously represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest in 2000.
Voting
References
2003
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003
Eurovision | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia%20in%20the%20Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%202003 |
Die!Die!Die! may refer to:
Die! Die! Die!, a three-piece New Zealand noise pop/punk/post-punk band
Die! Die! Die! (EP), 2005
Die! Die! Die! (album), 2006
Die!Die!Die! (comics), a comic book written by Scott M. Gimple and Robert Kirkman with art by Chris Burnham and Nathan Fairbairn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die%21Die%21Die%21 |
The Sri Ranganthaswami Temple in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Ranganatha a resting form of Lord Vishnu. This temple, also called Talpagiri Ranganathaswami temple or Ranganayakulu is one of the oldest temples in Nellore. It is located on the banks of the Penna River and is believed to have been constructed in the 12th century. Just before the main entrance of the temple is a huge tower, called Gaaligopuram, which literally means "wind tower". This tower is approximately 70 feet high and has 10 feet of gold plated vessels on top of it, called kalashams. The gopuram was constructed by Yeragudipati Venkatachalam panthulu.
Every year during the month of March–April (which varies according to the Indian calendar) a grand festival is celebrated. These are called Brahmotsavam.
External links
Hindu temples in Nellore district
Nellore
12th-century Hindu temples
Vishnu temples | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranganatha%20Temple%2C%20Nellore |
Erwin Konrad Eduard Bumke (7 July 1874 – 20 April 1945) was the last president of the Reichsgericht, the supreme civil and criminal court of the German Reich, serving from 1929 to 1945. As such, according to the Weimar Constitution, he should have become acting President of Germany upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, and thus the acting Head of State of Nazi Germany. The Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich, passed by the Nazi-controlled Reichstag, unconstitutionally prevented that by combining the presidency with the chancellorship, making Adolf Hitler the undisputed ruler of Germany.
Life
Born in the small town of Stolp in the Prussian Province of Pomerania (now Słupsk, Poland), he had a family that was middle class. His father was a doctor and his mother a factory owner's daughter. His brother Oswald Bumke (1877–1950) became a noted psychiatrist.
After studying law in Freiburg, Leipzig, Munich, Berlin and Greifswald, Bumke began his career as a judge in Essen. In 1907, he assumed an office in the Reichsjustizamt, the precursor of the later Reich Ministry of Justice. The same year, he married Eva von Merkatz (1873–1947), the aunt of the later Minister of Justice Hans-Joachim von Merkatz. The couple had two sons, both of whom were killed in World War II. Bumke himself served as an officer in World War I, achieving the rank of Hauptmann (Captain).
After the war, Bumke joined the German National People's Party (DNVP). He quickly rose to the head of Department II in the newly-established Ministry of Justice, which was concerned with criminal law. He prepared, among other things, the Reichstag drafts for a new Strafgesetzbuch penal code in 1927, which never saw the light of day. In 1930, Bumke became president of the International Criminal Law and Prison Commission.
Upon the resignation of Walter Simons in 1929, Bumke was appointed as head of the Reichsgericht by President Paul von Hindenburg. On 25 October 1932, the court under Bumke's leadership, declared the temporary removal of the Prussian state ministers' authority by a Reichskommissar, enacted by emergency decree (see Preußenschlag), to be valid. According to an amendment to the Weimar Constitution passed in December 1932, Bumke should have become interim President if Hindenburg either died or was permanently incapacitated, holding the post until new elections. Indeed, the Nazis supported this amendment to allay concerns about Adolf Hitler taking the presidency in the event he ever became chancellor.
However, by 1934, Hitler saw this arrangement as a threat. He was well aware that the president's power to dismiss him was now the only check on his power. With the passage of the Enabling Act and the Nazi Party being declared the only legally permitted party, there was no other remedy by which he could be legally removed from office. Accordingly, when he learned that Hindenburg would likely be dead before the year was out, he began a concerted effort to make himself Hindenburg's successor. This culminated in the passage of the Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich, passed just hours before Hindenburg died on 2 August. It merged the offices of president and chancellor under the title of "Führer and Reich Chancellor," and conferred this title on Hitler. A referendum held on 19 August confirmed this move. All of these actions violated Article 2 of the Enabling Act, which stipulated that the president's rights and powers were to remain "unaffected" (or "undisturbed," depending on the translation). However, neither Bumke nor anyone else objected.
Along with several of his DNVP colleagues, such as Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner and State Secretary Franz Schlegelberger, Bumke retained his office after the Nazi seizure of power in January 1933 and was made responsible for co-ordinating jurisprudence in the Third Reich. In July 1933, he became a SS Patron Member. He joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and was awarded the Golden Party Badge the next year. Bumke became responsible for several unjust and racist verdicts. As presiding judge of the 3rd criminal division, he ruled under the Rassenschande paragraphs of the Nuremberg Laws. He also was involved in retroactively legalizing the "euthanasia" murders of the Aktion T4 programme in 1939–1941. His term in office was extended on a personal decree from Hitler in 1939.
During the last days of World War II, on 20 April 1945 (Hitler's birthday), two days after US Army forces entered Leipzig, Bumke committed suicide.
Works
Hat die erfüllte Resolutivbedingung dingliche Kraft?, Greifswald dissertation 1896
Deutsches Gefängniswesen. Ein Handbuch, Berlin 1928.
Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz und Strafprozeßordnung. Mit Nebengesetzen in der vom 13. Januar 1927 geltenden Fassung; Textausgabe mit einer Einführung in die Vorschriften der Novelle vom 27. Dezember 1926, Berlin 1927.
Zwei Entscheidungen zu Art. 48 der Reichsverfassung, Berlin 1932.
Further reading
External links
1874 births
1945 suicides
1945 deaths
People from Słupsk
Politicians from the Province of Pomerania
German National People's Party politicians
Nazi Party politicians
Förderndes Mitglied der SS
Nazi Party officials
Nazis who committed suicide in Germany
Judges in the Nazi Party
German Army personnel of World War I | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin%20Bumke |
Ordell Wayne Braase ( ; March 13, 1932 – March 25, 2019) was an American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played with the Baltimore Colts throughout his career. While Braase was with the Colts they won the NFL Championship three times, in 1958, 1959 and 1968. He was a Pro Bowl pick in both 1966 and 1967. In his final season (1968), the Colts went to Super Bowl III, on January 12, 1969, only to lose to the New York Jets.
Career
After playing at South Dakota, the Colts drafted Braase in the 14th round of the 1954 NFL draft. However, he did not join the team until 1957, delayed by three years of service in the U. S. Army which included a tour of duty in Korea. In his second season, he was a won an NFL title in the 1958 NFL Championship Game, a game widely considered one of the best in NFL history.
During his football career in Baltimore, Braase performed in commercials for Dixie Cola, even singing their jingle.
Following his retirement as an active player, Braase was a restaurant owner in Timonium, Maryland, and in the 1970s was an executive with a Baltimore truck body manufacturer. He also teamed with play-by-play announcer Chuck Thompson to provide color commentary for radio broadcasts of Colts games. In the 1990s, he co-hosted a popular program, Braase, Donovan, Davis and Fans on WJZ-TV in Baltimore with fellow Colt teammate Art Donovan. The trio talked more about Art Donovan's fabled stories than contemporary NFL football, but the show held high ratings in its time period.
Braase later lived in Bradenton, Florida, where he died in 2019 at the age of 87.
References
1932 births
2019 deaths
People from Timonium, Maryland
People from Mitchell, South Dakota
Sportspeople from Baltimore County, Maryland
Players of American football from South Dakota
American football defensive ends
South Dakota Coyotes football players
Baltimore Colts players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Presidents of the National Football League Players Association
Trade unionists from South Dakota
National Football League announcers
Baltimore Colts announcers
Deaths from dementia in Florida
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordell%20Braase |
Sam. can refer to:
Samvat
Books of Samuel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam. |
Sight & Sound Theatres is an entertainment company that produces Bible stories live on stage. Based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Sight & Sound operates two theaters: one in Ronks, Pennsylvania (formerly known as the Millennium Theatre) and the second in Branson, Missouri.
History
Glenn and Shirley Eshelman started Sight & Sound in the summer of 1976, with a 10-week multimedia show The Wonder of It All in an auditorium rented from Lancaster Bible College. Based on that success, they built the original Sight & Sound Auditorium (renamed to Living Waters Theatre) on Pennsylvania Route 896 in Ronks, Pennsylvania. In July 1976, the Sight & Sound Auditorium opened for the performance of A Land of Our Own. Live actors and actresses were eventually added to the productions, and Behold the Lamb debuted as the first full-length live stage production at the original Sight & Sound Auditorium in 1987. A larger facility, the Sight & Sound Entertainment Centre opened in March 1991.
However, after the success of their productions Noah and the premiere run of The Miracle of Christmas, the Entertainment Centre caught fire in January 1997, destroying the facility and most of the costumes and sets that were stored in the shops. The Living Waters Theatre was renovated to accommodate live stage productions until another large theater, originally called The Millennium Theater, was opened on September 1, 1998. The new theatre featured more than 2,000 seats, a wraparound stage that can hold sets up to 40 feet high, and improved audio and visual effects.
Sight & Sound opened a second theater in Branson, Missouri, in 2008, a near identical twin facility to the newest facility in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
On July 17, 2022, Sight & Sound announced that they will be expanding to filmmaking through a production company named Sight & Sound Films. Their first film, I Heard the Bells, released in theaters in December 2022. Sight & Sound TV, an associated streaming service was launched in 2020 and offers filmed versions of past productions for online viewing.
Inaugural Show
The Wonder of It All: 1978
Shows at Living Waters Theatre (Originally Sight & Sound Auditorium)
A Land of Our Own: 1976
Behold the Lamb: 1987–2006
The Glory of Spring: 1997-?
Celebrate America: 1997-?
Abraham and Sarah: A Journey of Love: 2000–2004, 2008–2009
Psalms of David: 2005–2007, 2010
Shows at Sight & Sound Entertainment Centre
The Eternal Flame: 1991–1992
Noah: 1995–1996
Shows at Millennium Theatre in Lancaster, PA
Noah - The Musical: 1998–2001, 2004, 2013
The Miracle of Christmas: 1998–2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, Upcoming 2023
Behold The Lamb: 1999-2001, 2004-2006, 2009
Daniel & The Lion's Den: 2002–2003, 2008
Ruth: 2005–2006
In the Beginning: 2007–2009
Joseph: 2010-2011, 2015
Jonah: 2012, 2017
Moses: 2014–2015, 2023
Samson: 2016
Jesus: 2018-2019
Queen Esther: 2020-2021
David: 2022
Daniel: 2024
Shows in Branson, Missouri
Noah - The Musical: 2008–2011, 2020
The Miracle of Christmas: 2008–2011, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2022, Upcoming 2024
Joseph: 2012–2013
Jonah: 2014-2015
Moses: 2016-2017
Samson: 2018-2019
Jesus: 2021-2022
Queen Esther: 2023-2024
Fathom Events
Jonah: 2017
Moses: 2018
Noah: 2019
I Heard the Bells: 2022
References
External links
Official Sight & Sound Theatres website
Culture of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Christian performing arts
Theatres in Pennsylvania
Religion in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Christian theatre companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight%20%26%20Sound%20Theatres |
Mard ( 'Man') is a 1985 Indian Hindi-language action film, directed by Manmohan Desai. Starring Amitabh Bachchan and Amrita Singh. The movie was remade in Tamil as Maaveeran. Amitabh Bachchan was nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Actor category. Mard was the second highest-grossing film. of the year. and the eighth highest-grossing film of the 1980s (1980 to 1989). Furthermore, when adjusted for inflation, Mard is one of the highest-grossing films released during the Diwali festival, approximately more than 450cr nett. in today's time.
Plot
The film opens in India. It is the early 20th century when India remains part of the British empire. The opening sequence shows a group of British soldiers plundering an Indian fort and taking its riches by air England. They are stopped by the valiant Raja Azad Singh (Dara Singh), who is immensely strong and manages to lasso the light aircraft, subdue several English soldiers and recover the stolen jewels. Around this time, Raja Azad Singh's wife Rani Durga (Nirupa Roy) gives birth to a baby boy, who is named Raju. Raja carves the word mard (man, intending to convey strength and bravery) into the newborn's chest, noting proudly that the baby is smiling throughout, and can apparently feel no pain. (His words, mard ko dard nahin hota, meaning "a true man feels no pain", are a recurring dialogue throughout the movie.) The British commission conducts an investigation, led by a sympathetic and liberal Englishwoman, Lady Helena; the investigation uncovers the atrocities of the English troops and results in several officers being officially reprimanded. Lady Helena is a close confidante of Raja Azad Singh and is generally supportive of Raja and the idea of India gaining independence from British rule.
The English officers General Dyer (Kamal Kapoor) and Inspector Simon (Bob Christo) conspire with a snivelling, weak-willed local doctor Harry (Prem Chopra) to capture Raja. Harry sedates Raja; weakened thus, Raja is captured and imprisoned in a dungeon. Rani Durga escapes on Raja's faithful steed Bahadur. But she is shot, and the horse brings baby Raju to a local orphanage for safekeeping until Rani Durga can recuperate and reclaim him. The wife of a poor blacksmith spots baby Raju in the orphanage, asks after him and eventually adopts him. When Rani Durga returns, she is shocked to find her baby gone and she loses the ability to speak. The penniless Rani Durga eventually becomes a washerwoman. The traitor Harry is appointed mayor of the town for his part in the capture of Raja.
Raju grows up to become a strong youth under the care of the loving blacksmith and his wife. His day job is to run a tanga. One day, he happens across an arrogant and oppressive young woman who blithely runs her car over an old lady. Raju gives chase, intercepts the young woman, and compels her to apologise to the old lady. The young woman is of high birth, and her bodyguard Zybisko (Manik Irani) engages Raju, but Raju fends him off quite easily. The young woman turns out to be Ruby, the daughter of mayor Harry. Ruby apologises. But she is charmed by Raju's rugged looks and candour. He initially refuses her advances to maintain his independence. But she eventually falls in love, changes his heart, and invites him to her birthday party.
Harry and General Dyer continue their relentless quest for power. Their first move is to demolish the basti (slum colony) in front of Harry's mansion. Raju rallies the basti dwellers to oppose the demolition crew and picket Harry's mansion. Harry arrests Raju and is about to execute him when Lady Helena arrives on the scene. Lady Helena stops the demolition (citing lack of documentation), reprimands Harry, and releases Raju. Harry tries to buy off Raju, but Raju douses the cases with liquor, sets it afire, and uses the soot to blacken Harry's face. (No, it is certainly black money, for it burns black, he observes!) A frustrated Harry tries to have him a shot, but Ruby intervenes, professes her love for the tanga wallah (tanga driver), and threatens to completely disavow her father if any harm should befall him. Unable to subdue or subvert Raju, a frustrated set of cronies (Harry, Dyer, Simon, and others) fret and fume.
The film introduces Danny (Dan Dhanoa) the son of General Dyer. Danny is every bit as corrupt, cunning, and avaricious as his father and his cronies. Danny runs the nefarious operations beneath the outwardly clean, lordly and manorial life of General Dyer and mayor Harry. There are three such operations. First, there is a secret blood camp; basti dwellers that are infirm, aged or otherwise unfit are secretly abducted and their blood (all of it) is involuntarily extracted to supply British war campaigns elsewhere. Second, there is a slave labour camp where, again, basti dwellers are put to work (with no pay) on various civil and construction projects for the British empire. And finally there is Raja Azad Singh, still imprisoned, and a champion for the basti and for the workers in the labour camps. His primary duty is to turn, by hand, a massive flour mill; this mill is the only source of food for the camps. (Rani Durga, it turns out, is a washerwoman in one of these camps.) The camps grow in size, and Raja Azad Singh secretly plans to have them revolt; this becomes a growing concern for Harry.
Harry and General Dyer decide the best way to remove Raju from the picture is to announce the engagement of Ruby and Danny. Ruby strongly opposes this and runs off with Raju. Danny gives chase with his men, and even tries to kill Ruby, but eventually brings her back to Harry. Harry is truly enraged. He threatens to kill Ruby if she ever disobeys him again. Danny devises a nefarious plot to get rid of Raju.
As the first step in the plot, Danny captures the blacksmith, burns his hovel, murders his wife, and puts the blacksmith in a slave camp. (As she lays dying, she reveals to Raju the story of his birth. Raju cremates his foster mother and writes out a letter for his real mother, which he immerses into the river along with the ashes of his foster mother. The river carries his note to the camp where the blacksmith finds it and reads it out to Rani Durga, who immediately recalls her story. The blacksmith stages a stick-up to facilitate her escape, and she is ultimately reunited with Raju. The blacksmith, however, is killed.)
Danny learns of Raju's lineage. Realizing Raju will attack the camp to free the blacksmith and Raja Azad Singh, Danny plays the second step of his plot and lays a trap. Raju enters the dungeon to rescue his father. But it turns out that Raja Azad Singh has been replaced by a masked impostor (Simon), and Raju is captured.
At this point, Danny devises a fatal final step. He announces a gladiatorial sword fight between Raju and Raja Azad Singh where the winner will go free. Prior to this fight, he takes steps to ensure father and son are truly bloodthirsty for the other. Raja Azad Singh is brought to a blood camp where he sees Raju (actually a masked imposter) extracting blood from innocent citizens and swearing loyalty to the British; the Raja is incensed and swears to finish him off in the contest. Concurrently, Danny sends word (through Ruby) that the fighter opposing Raju will be a masked impostor and not the real Raja. Raju, in turn, announces he will not let his opponent leave the ring alive. And Danny forthwith arranges to have the real Raja fight Raju.
The contest begins on the next day, and father and son are soon in a crazed sword fight. The duel takes a turn when the Raja spots the word mard on Raju's chest, and Raju notices one of his blows drew blood from the Raja's cheek. They quickly discover the truth and keep up the appearance of a death duel until the Raja hoists Raju off the arena and into the viewing gallery. Raju plunges his sword into General Dyer, killing him instantly.
Danny is infuriated. He orders his tanks to finish off Raju and the Raja. (Lady Helena and Rani Durga are strapped to the tanks, with British soldiers holding them at gunpoint.) Raju and the Raja seize horses and escape, with the tanks in hot pursuit. After a long chase and fight, Raju and the Raja overpower the tanks, rescue the ladies and engage the villains in combat. After a hard sword-and-gun fight, Harry, Danny, and Goga are drowned in quicksand, and Raju and his father return victorious.
The film ends with Raju and Ruby coming together and being reunited with Raju's real parents, on the dawn of India's independence movement.
Cast
Amitabh Bachchan as Raju Singh / Mard
Amrita Singh as Ruby
Dara Singh as Raja Azaad Singh
Nirupa Roy as Rani Durga
Prem Chopra as Dr. Harry
Kamal Kapoor as General Dyer
Bob Christo as Inspector Simon
Satyendra Kapoor as Blacksmith (Jamuna's Husband)
Manik Irani as Zbyszko (as Manek Irani)
Seema Deo as Jamuna
Dan Dhanoa as Danny Dyer
Joginder Shelly as Street Dancer 'Jako Rakhe Saiyan'
Kirti Kumar as Shamsher (Guest Appearance)
C.S. Dubey as Lalaji (Father of Groom) (uncredited)
Helena Luke as Lady Helena (uncredited)
Shivraj as Priest (uncredited)
Location
Mard was mostly shot in Ooty (near a golf links site belonging to Hindustan Photo Films) and at various locations in Karnataka, such as the Lalitha Mahal in Mysore and the Bangalore Palace.
Soundtrack
Anu Malik composed music for Mard. The Soundtrack album consisting of 6 tracks was released on 7 June 1985 on T-Series.
Critics accused Desai of using double-meaning words in the song Hum to tamboo mein bamboo lagaye baithe. However, the song was a hit.
This is one of the films where Kishore Kumar did not sing for Amitabh Bachchan, as well as Coolie and Naseeb, due to Bachchan refusing to appear as a guest in a film which Kishore produced.
Box office
The film opened to nearly sold-out theatres and grossed approximately 16cr.
References
External links
1980s Hindi-language films
1985 films
Films directed by Manmohan Desai
Films about revolutions
Hindi films remade in other languages
Films scored by Anu Malik
Films about dogs
Films about pets
Films set in the British Raj
Films set in the 20th century
Films shot in Ooty
Films shot in Karnataka
Films shot in Mysore
Films about royalty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mard%20%281985%20film%29 |
The Emergency Committee for Iraq was formed by Ramsey Clark, Roland Dumas, Ahmed Ben Bella and Tun Mahathir Mohamad all former senior politicians, to strive to encourage respect for the rule of law in Iraq.
Formed June 17, 2005 the Emergency Committee for Iraq made public statements and held high-level meetings with international leaders as part of their efforts to ensure respect for the rule of law in Iraq. Part of their focus was to ensure a fair trial for former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and restoring the rule of law after the U.S. government's invasion of Iraq.
The group drew criticism in July 2005, when Ziad al-Khasawneh, Saddam Hussain's lawyer, resigned, citing interference from the group in the legal process. A high-profile member of the committee was part of Hussein's defence team.
References
Iraq War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency%20Committee%20for%20Iraq |
Sir Anthony Weldon (1583–1648) was an English 17th-century courtier and politician. He is also the purported author of The Court and Character of King James I, although this attribution has been challenged.
Relations with King James
The story of Weldon's dismissal from King James' court for his negative assessment of the Scots in A Description of Scotland, is usually taken as the justification for the criticism of James in The Court and Character of King James I, which contains the famous comment that James was "the wisest fool in Christendom". However, it is unclear whether Weldon was the author of either of these works. A Description of Scotland was first published six years before Weldon's dismissal from the court and was not credited to him until the second half of the 17th century. Likewise The Court and Character of King James I was not credited to Weldon until after his death in 1648. He did, however, support Parliament during the English Civil War, holding and administering the county of Kent.
Role in the English Civil War
In 1643 Weldon became chairman of the Kent County Committee, which was the Parliamentary government of the county. As such Weldon was a very powerful man, kind to his friends but a bitter enemy to those who crossed him. Weldon was fearless against both Royalist and Parliamentarian officials in London who tried to squeeze the Kentish economy for their own purposes. An ardent Parliamentarian, Weldon informed on the Rector of Swanscombe in 1642 whose loyalties were in doubt. When, in 1648, the county rose up against the Parliamentary regime and drew up the County Petition of complaints, Weldon roared that he would not cross Rochester High Street to save the soul of any person whose name appeared therein. The revolt was serious and General Fairfax's army was despatched to destroy the Royalists; a process which included the battle at Stonebridge Hill, Northfleet, on 1 June 1648. Weldon was in his sixties and waited in his manor house at Swanscombe for the Royalists to arrest or kill him. He is quoted as saying, "Hourly I waited to be seized, which must cost the seizers, or some of them, their lives, for I shall not be their prisoner to be led in triumph ..." Weldon lived to see Parliamentarian order restored before he died and was buried at Swanscombe on 27 October 1648.
References
Joseph Marshall and Sean Kelsey, 'Weldon, Sir Anthony (bap. 1583, d. 1648)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 6 July 2007
Anthony Weldon, Sir?, The Court and Character of King James I, London, 1651
Swanscombe local history http://swanscombe.com/newsevents/history.asp
External links
1583 births
1648 deaths
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
People from Swanscombe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Weldon |
Bridge 8, known locally as the Rexford Bridge, is a two-lane bridge crossing the Mohawk River (Erie Canal) northeast of the city of Schenectady in New York, United States. It carries New York State Route 146 (NY 146) from Schenectady County to Rexford, a hamlet in the Saratoga County town of Clifton Park. The bridge was designed by the New York State Department of Public Works and opened in 1965. It has a total length of and a main span of .
Near the bridge is the historic remains of the 1842 Erie Canal Aqueduct. Two of the original 14 arches remain on the south side of the river, and one arch remains on the north side of the Mohawk River. The 1842 aqueduct replaced the original 1824 aqueduct at this site when the Erie Canal was enlarged during the years of 1835–1862. The bridge was demolished in the past years and replaced with a four lane wide bridge and roundabout combination. The arches can still be seen.
Gallery
Bridge 08
1965 establishments in New York (state)
Bridges completed in 1965
Road bridges in New York (state)
Steel bridges in the United States
Girder bridges in the United States
Truss bridges in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Schenectady County, New York
Bridges in Saratoga County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge%208%2C%20Erie%20Canal |
is a railway station in the city of Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Semine Station is served by the Tōhoku Main Line, and is located 407.8 rail kilometers from the official starting point of the line at Tokyo Station.
Station layout
Semine Station has a side platform and one island platform connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station has a "Midori no Madoguchi" staffed ticket office.
Platforms
History
Semine Station opened on April 16, 1890. From 1921-1968, the station also served the Senboku Railway. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 488 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
See also
List of Railway Stations in Japan
References
External links
Railway stations in Miyagi Prefecture
Tōhoku Main Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1890
Kurihara, Miyagi
Stations of East Japan Railway Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semine%20Station |
Roger L. Attfield (born 28 November 1939 in Newbury, Berkshire, England) is a Canadian thoroughbred horse trainer and owner and an inductee of both the Canadian and United States horseracing Halls of Fame.
In his native England, Attfield had become an accomplished international-level equestrian competitor when he emigrated to Canada in 1970. Five years later he returned to the sport he loved and began working as a trainer of show jumping horses and eventually was offered the chance to train thoroughbred race horses. Instant success led to training opportunities for other owners including for Frank Stronach and Kinghaven Farms where he met with his greatest success.
A resident of Nobleton, Ontario, Roger Attfield won the Sovereign Award for Outstanding Trainer a record six times. Of the seven horses who have won the Canadian Triple Crown, three were trained by Attfield. A winner of twenty Canadian Triple Crown races, he holds or equals the record for most wins in each of the three races. In 2001, he set a record for most wins by a trainer in the Breeders' Stakes and in 2005 set the record for trainers by winning his fifth Prince of Wales Stakes. At the 2008 Queen's Plate, Attfield tied the record with Harry Giddings, Jr. as a trainer with eight wins. This was his first win as an owner. Overall he has trained nearly forty Champions, six of which were voted Canadian Horse of the Year.
As the trainer for Kinghaven Farms, in 1990 his stable was the leading money winner in North America. In the United States, his horses race at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida, the Fair Grounds Race Course, in New Orleans, Louisiana and at the Keeneland Race Course in Lexington, Kentucky. Attfield trained horse has won a number of important U.S. Stakes races including the 1995 Wood Memorial and Gotham Stakes.
In 1999, Roger Attfield was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame and in 2006, he was nominated for induction into the U.S. National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
In 2012, Roger Attfield was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
In 2012, Roger Attfield was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame.
References
External links
Roger Attfield profile and statistics at Woodbine Entertainment
Roger Attfield at the NTRA
1939 births
Living people
Animal sportspeople from Ontario
Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductees
United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Canadian horse trainers
Canadian racehorse owners and breeders
English male equestrians
English emigrants to Canada
Sportspeople from Newbury, Berkshire
Sportspeople from King, Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Attfield |
"Beautiful Ohio" is the regional anthem of the U.S. state of Ohio, adopted in 1969 as the official state song.
History
The first lyrics were written in 1918 by Ballard MacDonald and the music by Robert A. "Bobo" King, who used the pseudonym Mary Earl. The melody is partly based on "Song of India" by Rimsky-Korsakov and "Beautiful Dreamer" by Stephen Foster. The original 1918 publication also featured a second obbligato voice, using the tune "Love's Old Sweet Song".
A bill passed by the Ohio General Assembly in 1969 made it the state's official song, and in 1989 adopted an amendment to section 5.09 of the Ohio Revised Code which changed the original words to a new set, written by Wilbert McBride.
"Beautiful Ohio" was originally written as a love song by Ballard MacDonald whose lyrics depict a "paradise of love divine." When McBride rewrote the lyrics for the 1989 version, he gave a much more accurate portrayal of Ohio by including things such as the state's cities and factories rather than two imaginary lovers.
Recordings
Popular versions in 1919 were by:
Henry Burr
Waldorf-Astoria Dance Orchestra
Prince's Orchestra
Olive Kline & Marguerite Dunlap
Fritz Kreisler
Sam Ash
Jo Stafford included the song on her 1966 album Do I Hear a Waltz?.
Modern use
Though "Beautiful Ohio" was originally written as a waltz, one version of the song is a march, arranged by Richard Heine. It is commonly performed by the Ohio State University Marching Band when traveling, including their appearance in the 2005 Inaugural Parade of President George W. Bush and at the 2009 Inauguration of President Barack Obama.
The original waltz version of the song is performed by the All Ohio State Fair Band (which holds shows multiple times a day during the Ohio State Fair) at the beginning of every performance.
The original waltz version of the song has been played at the end of cavern tours at Ohio Caverns in West Liberty, Ohio since 1928.
Original lyrics
Long, long ago
Someone I know
Had a little red canoe,
In it room for only two.
Love found its start
Then in my heart,
And like a flower grew.
Chorus:
Drifting with the current down a moonlit stream,
While above the Heavens in their glory gleam,
And the stars on high
Twinkle in the sky,
Seeming in a paradise of love divine,
Dreaming of a pair of eyes that looked in mine.
Beautiful Ohio, in dreams again I see
Visions of what used to be.
1989 lyrics
I sailed away;
Wandered afar;
Crossed the mighty restless sea;
Looked for where I ought to be.
Cities so grand, mountains above,
Led to this land I love.
Chorus:
Beautiful Ohio, where the golden grain
Dwarf the lovely flowers in the summer rain.
Cities rising high, silhouette the sky.
Freedom is supreme in this majestic land;
Mighty factories seem to hum a tune, so grand.
Beautiful Ohio, thy wonders are in view,
Land where my dreams all come true!
See also
"Hang On Sloopy", official state rock song of Ohio
Notes
External links
Streamed recordings of "Beautiful Ohio" as a waltz at the Ohio History Central Online Encyclopedia
Mp3 files of "Beautiful Ohio" as a march being played by the Ohio State University Marching Band
Music of Ohio
Ohio
Symbols of Ohio
Songs with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald
Songs written by Robert A. King (composer)
Songs about Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beautiful%20Ohio |
Edmund Raymond "Zeke" Bratkowski (October 20, 1931 − November 11, 2019) was an American football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons with the Chicago Bears, Los Angeles Rams, and Green Bay Packers.
He was an All-American playing college football with the Georgia Bulldogs, and later was an assistant coach in the NFL for over two decades. He was the father of former Jacksonville Jaguars offensive coordinator Bob Bratkowski.
Early years
Born and raised in Westville, Illinois, Bratkowski played high school football at Schlarman Academy in Danville and graduated in 1949. He came to national prominence in his sophomore season at the University of Georgia in Athens in 1951, and was twice the SEC passing leader under head coach Wally Butts. During his three-year career with the Bulldogs, he completed 360 passes for 4,863 yards.
Bratkowski was considered one of college football's greatest quarterbacks of his day and was the NCAA's all-time leading passer until 1961. Today, he still ranks eighth on Georgia's list of career passing leaders. Bratkowski also led the NCAA in punting his senior year in 1953 with a 42.6 yard average. He was selected for the North–South All-Star Game in Miami, Florida in December, and led the South to a 20–0 victory.
Playing career
Bratkowski was selected 17th overall in the second round of the 1953 NFL draft by the Chicago Bears as a "future choice" after his redshirt junior season, then played his fifth-year senior season at Georgia in 1953. He joined the Bears as a rookie in 1954. He started the first game of the season with a 64-yard touchdown pass, but was benched after completing just one of his next 11 passes with four interceptions. After George Blanda was lost for the season with a separated shoulder in mid-November, Bratkowski entered the game and threw three more interceptions in the loss. However, he started and won the last four games of the season, despite ten interceptions in those games for a franchise rookie record 17 on the season.
Bratkowski then served in the U.S. Air Force for two years, missing the 1955 and 1956 seasons. He returned in 1957 and shared time at quarterback with Ed Brown, and played five seasons in Chicago, through 1960. His seven interceptions in an October 2, 1960, loss to Baltimore remains a franchise record.
Bratkowski was traded to the Los Angeles Rams in March 1961, and played in Los Angeles for 2½ seasons before being signed in October 1963 by Vince Lombardi for the $100 waiver fee to become the "super sub" to Bart Starr. In Green Bay, Bratkowski was nicknamed "Uncle Zekie", and became an ideal backup and spot starter during the Lombardi championship era. In a 15-year NFL career, he passed for 10,345 yards and 65 touchdowns.
In the Western Conference playoff game versus the Baltimore Colts in 1965, Bratkowski relieved the injured Starr early in the game and led the Packers to a 13–10 overtime victory on December 26 at Lambeau Field. The Packers went on to win the NFL championship game against the Cleveland Browns on January 2, 1966. This was the first of three consecutive NFL titles for the Packers, unprecedented in the playoff era (since 1933).
After coaching under Phil Bengtson in 1969 and 1970, Bratkowski came out of retirement to play again for the Packers in 1971 under first-year head coach Dan Devine, and appeared in six games, with one start. The following year, Bratkowski became an assistant coach for the Chicago Bears, a position he would hold for three seasons (1972-74); in 1973, the Bears activated Zeke as an emergency back-up quarterback for eight games, but he did not actually appear in any of them.
A well-conditioned athlete, Bratkowski was an early advocate of aerobic training for professional football players.
Coaching career
After his playing career, Bratkowski became quarterback coach/offensive coordinator for Chicago, Baltimore / Indianapolis, Philadelphia, and New York Jets. He was also a quarterbacks coach with Cleveland and the Jets and worked two stints as a Green Bay assistant as well as the Baltimore Ravens.
While Bratkowski was coaching the Chicago Bears quarterbacks during the 1973 season, head coach Abe Gibron abruptly promoted him to offensive coordinator, then pressed him into service as a back-up quarterback (see above).
1969–1970, Green Bay Packers: Assistant
1972–1974, Chicago Bears: Assistant
1975–1981, Green Bay Packers: Assistant
1982–1984, Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts: OC/QB
1985–1989, New York Jets: QB
1990, Cleveland Browns: QB
1991–1992, Philadelphia Eagles: QB
1993–1994, Philadelphia Eagles: OC/QB
1995, New York Jets: OC/QB
Death
Bratkowski died at his home in Santa Rosa Beach, Florida on November 11, 2019 of a heart attack at the age of 88.
Halls of Fame
Bratkowski is a member of numerous halls of fame. In 1980, he was inducted into the State of Georgia Sports Hall of Fame. Nine years later (in 1989), Bratkowski was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame. He also was elected to the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1995. Bratkowski was inducted into the University of Georgia's Circle of Honor in 2006, and was the first member of his high school's Hall of Fame in 1974.
See also
List of college football yearly passing leaders
References
External links
Sports Reference – collegiate statistics – Zeke Bratkowski
1931 births
2019 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Chicago Bears players
Georgia Bulldogs football players
Green Bay Packers players
Los Angeles Rams players
New York Jets coaches
American people of Polish descent
People from Danville, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeke%20Bratkowski |
Intense tropical cyclones usually produce tornadoes, the majority of those weak, especially upon landfall.
List of tornadoes
These are the tropical cyclones that are known to have spawned tornadoes. The list is most complete for the U.S., but does include other areas. Within the United States 1,163 tornadoes were associated with tropical cyclones, accounting for slightly under 6% of all tornadoes. The most tornadoes spawned by a single tropical cyclone were associated with Hurricane Ivan, which spawned 120 tornadoes.
Pre–1900
1900–1949
1950–1979
1980–1999
2000–2009
2010–2019
2020–2022
See also
Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes
List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2000–2009)
List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2010–2019)
List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2020–present)
References
Further reading
External links
The Tornado Project
Hurricanes vs. Tornadoes (AOML)
Tropical Cyclone Tornado Research Group at Saint Louis University
Tornadoes
Tornadoes
Tornadoes
Tornado-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tornadoes%20spawned%20by%20tropical%20cyclones |
The "DK Rap" is the introduction theme to the 1999 Nintendo 64 video game Donkey Kong 64. Originally conceived by Rare designer George Andreas and composed by Grant Kirkhope, Andreas co-wrote and performed the lyrics, with Rare staffers joining in the chorus. Its lyrics describe the five playable characters in the game, with Kirkhope's goal to juxtapose the previous iteration of Donkey Kong from Donkey Kong Country against the new one.
The "DK Rap" is the first song in the 1999 Donkey Kong 64 Original Soundtrack, where it was named "Da Banana Bunch". Despite Grant Kirkhope not intending to make a serious rap, the "DK Rap" has received generally mixed reception and has been awarded "dubious awards" for its quality. The song has since been remixed in other Nintendo games and can be downloaded on the company's website.
Concept and history
The lyrics to the "DK Rap" describe the five playable characters, one per verse: Donkey Kong, Diddy Kong, Tiny Kong, Lanky Kong, and Chunky Kong. The rap was originally conceived by Donkey Kong 64 designer George Andreas and composed by Grant Kirkhope. Andreas took inspiration from the band Run-DMC. Kirkhope's goal was to juxtapose Donkey Kong as seen in Donkey Kong Country versus his then-newest appearance. Andreas wrote and performed the song's lyrics (alongside Donkey Kong 64 lead programmer Chris Sutherland) while Kirkhope wrote the tune. The chorus includes Rare staffers such as Gregg Mayles, Steve Mayles, Ed Bryan, and Chris Peil. Each character's verse features instrumentals reflecting the actual instruments that the characters possess.
Kirkhope stated that the DK Rap was not supposed to be a "serious rap" but rather a joke. Consumer and critical reaction was generally negative, however, having interpreted the song as being serious. Kirkhope felt surprised that Nintendo objected to the use of the word "hell" and attributed it to the Bible Belt in the United States. The "DK Rap" was not localized for the Japanese release of Donkey Kong 64, nor was it subtitled. Video game designer Shigesato Itoi provided a Japanese translation of the "DK Rap" on his personal website.
The "DK Rap" was remixed in Super Smash Bros. Melee. Composer Hirokazu Ando was originally going to be in charge of composition of the song, but due to technical issues, director Masahiro Sakurai and composer Shogo Sakai had to assist. To overcome these issues, they played the background audio and recorded the rap over it. Because the remixed rap is faster, it was not possible for them to record it live. Some characters in the theme have higher tempos than others. While the DJ (James W. Norwood Jr.) practiced, they recorded him, using what good came out of it and mixing it together. The rap took two days to record.
Legacy
The DK Rap is the first song in the 1999 Donkey Kong 64 Original Soundtrack, where it was named "Da Banana Bunch". Around the release of Donkey Kong 64, Nintendo of America hosted a promotion called the "DK Rap Attack Contest" where people could submit a recording of themselves singing their own version of the "DK Rap". The winner would receive a Donkey Kong 64/Nintendo 64 console bundle, a trip to Nintendo of America's headquarters in Redmond, Washington, and their video would be hosted on the official Donkey Kong 64 website. The song was made available for download on Nintendo's website for use with this promotion.
A new version of the DK Rap was featured in the 2001 GameCube Nintendo crossover fighting game Super Smash Bros. Melee, performed by James W. Norwood Jr. who provided different voices for every verse. The original theme features the word "hell", which was changed to "heck" for the Melee release. This version was later reused in its sequels Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, and was featured as a song in the GameCube music game Donkey Konga. It was also released on the album Donkey Konga: The Hottest Hits. In English-language versions of Super Smash Bros. for 3DS/Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, Donkey Kong's crowd cheer is a variant of the DK Rap. As part of a Kickstarter stretch goal, Grant Kirkhope wrote a spiritual successor to the DK Rap, titled the "Yooka-Laylee Rap", for Yooka-Laylee.
The DK Rap is featured as Donkey Kong's entrance theme in The Super Mario Bros. Movie. Seth Rogen, who voices Donkey Kong in the film, called the song "one of the worst rap songs of all time" but also stated that he personally enjoyed it, giving it a "10 out of 10 bananas" rating. However, Grant Kirkhope criticized the film for not crediting him.
Reception
Since its appearance in Donkey Kong 64, the "DK Rap" has received generally mixed reception. It was awarded "dubious awards" for its quality. It also received criticism for its use of the word "hell" despite its ESRB rating. 1Up.com's Scott Sharkey included it in his list of the "top 5 cringe-inducing videogame raps" and claimed that it was a "100% reliable method of emptying the place" in which he took his cigarette breaks. He also called it one of the worst video game themes and called it "so-bad-it's-good" due to its "fundamental cluelessness". He stated, "Really, when I think of the improvisational musical art of the inner city underclasses the first thing that comes to mind is a tie-wearing Japanese gorilla. Yeah." Destructoid's Dale North included it in his list of the most obnoxious video game songs and joked that he imagined the Fresh Prince of Bel Air character Carlton Banks dancing to it. The song was performed on a pop show in Japan by a high-profile Japanese rapper. Composer Grant Kirkhope compared the theme's recent resurgence to popularity, including as an Internet meme, to the band ABBA and expressed joy that more people consider the song funny. Video Game Music Online criticized the Donkey Konga album remix due to its new vocalist and attempt to introduce authentic rap elements.
NGamer UK included it in their article about the "evil side of kiddy gaming" and called it "so-bad-it'll-make-your-ears-bleed rotten". The DK Rap was included in IGN's list of the worst in-game quotes at number eight. The staff claimed that the song "comes to mind" when they think of video game's "all-time terrible moments". They stated that it was the "only song in history that sounds like vomit". Game Informers O'Dell Harmon included it at #2 in his list of the "freshest rap songs in video games". GamesRadar's Bob Mackey claimed that the "DK Rap" was the biggest addition to the Donkey Kong character in Donkey Kong 64. Composer Grant Kirkhope stated that staff of Big Huge Games (the company at which he was employed at the time) made fun of him for the song and added that his tombstone will read, "here lies the body of Grant Kirkhope, he wrote the DK Rap, may God have mercy on his soul". The lyric "His coconut gun can fire in spurts. If he shoots ya, it's gonna hurt!" was named the fourth worst game line ever in the January 2002 issue of Electronic Gaming Monthly. OC Weeklys Peter Mai included the song in his list of the "Top 5 Cheesiest (Yet Somehow Awesome) Video Game Songs". He stated, "[it is] probably the worst rap song ever written, but you know you still love it."
See also
Mario Brothers Rap
References
1999 songs
British hip hop songs
Comedy hip hop songs
Donkey Kong
Nintendo 64
Nintendo music
Video game theme songs
Songs written for video games
Video game memes
Internet memes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DK%20Rap |
Mary Baine Campbell (born Hudson, Ohio) is an American poet, scholar, and professor. She teaches medieval and Renaissance literature, as well as creative writing, at Brandeis University.
Awards
1999 James Russell Lowell Prize, awarded to the best book of the year in literary studies, from the Modern Language Association, for Wonder and Science.
2000 Susanne C. Glasscock Humanities Book Award
1988 Barnard Women Poets Prize
Scholarship, research, and creative works
Poetry
Editor
References
External links
Campbell's faculty page at Brandeis.
Brandeis faculty guide, including photograph.
Brandeis University faculty
People from Hudson, Ohio
Living people
American women poets
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Baine%20Campbell |
Jeff Deyo (born November 5, 1969) is an American contemporary Christian music solo artist, professor, author, podcaster, songwriter and worship leader. He was the lead vocalist for Sonicflood with Gotee Records from its creation in 1999 through 2000, for their first two albums Sonicflood and Sonicpraise. He subsequently released several solo and band albums.
Background
Deyo was the lead vocalist of contemporary worship band Sonicflood for their first two releases, Sonicflood which was a gold-selling album and produced two No. 1 Christian radio hits: "I Could Sing of Your Love Forever" and "I Want to Know You". This was followed by the live album Sonicpraise.
After leaving the group in 2000, he released a debut solo album, Saturate, in 2002 and produced a No. 1 song, "More Love, More Power", which featured supporting vocals from tobyMac. He was named one of Radio & Records magazine's Top 10 Breakthrough Artists of the Year in 2002." His second album, Light, featured another No. 1 song, "Bless the Lord", which featured vocals from Rita Springer. In 2005, Deyo released the live album, Surrender, which featured him leading worship at the 2005 Parachute music festival in New Zealand, and was his last studio album with Gotee Records. He continued to record and travel as the "lead worshiper" in the Jeff Deyo Band. Gotee Records issued a greatest hits collection, The Worship Collection, on June 19, 2007, which included songs from Sonicflood and Deyo.
He signed to Indelible Creative Group on January 22, 2007. His first studio album for the label, Unveil, was released on May 22, 2007. He appeared as the band leader, James, in the 2008 Christian film The Imposter starring Deyo, Kevin Max and Kerry Livgren.
In January 2010, Deyo joined the College of Fine Arts as part of North Central University in Minneapolis, Minnesota as a professor and faculty member in worship arts.
He also continues to serve in Celebration Church in Lakeville, Minnesota.
Deyo published his first book, Awakening Pure Worship, with Destiny Image Publishers, on September 18, 2018.
He has been married since 1992 and is the father of four children.
Discography
Another Alternative (1993)
Go the Distance (1995)
Overflow (1998)
Saturate (March 26, 2002)
Light (February 10, 2004)
Surrender (August 8, 2005) live album
Unveil (May 22, 2007)
The Worship Collection (June 19, 2007) greatest hits album
Moving Mountains (August 7, 2012) worship album
From Eternity (December 10, 2020) instrumental EP
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
American performers of Christian music
Gotee Records artists
North Central University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Deyo |
Cody Andrew Miller III (born July 30, 1971), known professionally as Troy Montero, is a Filipino-American actor.
He was born to an American father of German and Irish ancestry, and a U.S.-born Filipino mother. In 2008, he and then-girlfriend Aubrey Miles had a baby boy named Hunter at St. Luke's Medical Center Quezon City and on December 14, 2018 they had a daughter named Rocket Miller.
Montero is the brother of KC Montero and Colby Miller.
Filmography
Television
Huwag Kang Mangamba (2021) TBA (Kapamilya Channel)
Wattpad Presents: Captivated by Tyrone Greene (2017) Sebastian Greene (TV5)
A Love to Last (2017) Michael (ABS-CBN)
A1 Ko Sa 'Yo (2016) Ken (GMA Network)
Karelasyon (2016) (GMA Network)
Wagas (2016) Dr. Rob (GMA Network)
Kailangan Ko'y Ikaw (2013) Aldrich (ABS-CBN)
Talentadong Pinoy (2010) guest judge (TV5)
Dog TV (2010) guest (Solar TV)
Showtime (2010) guest judge {hurado} (ABS-CBN)
Front Act (2008) guest (TV5)
Auto Extreme (2005) guest (Solar TV)
Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan (2001) Hector Soriano (ABS-CBN)
Dear Mikee (2000) guest (GMA Network)
Keep on Dancing (1998–2000)
Film
El Presidente (2012) Frederick Funston
Binibining K (2006) Will
Super B (2002) Edgar
Eto Na Naman Ako (2000) Vince Madrigal
Dito Sa Puso Ko (1999) Rams
Bakit Pa? (1999) Bryan
Delivered (1998)
Empleyada (1998) (TV)
Notes
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
20th-century Filipino male actors
21st-century Filipino male actors
American male actors of Filipino descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of German descent
American emigrants to the Philippines
Filipino people of American descent
Filipino people of German descent
Filipino people of Irish descent
Filipino male television actors
Filipino male film actors
Filipino television personalities
ABS-CBN personalities
GMA Network personalities
TV5 (Philippine TV network) personalities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Montero |
Anne Meson (born 12 May 1975) is a French show host and singer. Her mother Anne was a Russian artist and a dance teacher. Her father José was a Spanish acrobat y bailarín principal del molino rojo de Paris. In her childhood, Meson studied piano, dance but also horse riding.
Her TV careers began in 1982 at 7, when she appears in several commercials. She also was a child model.
Meson appeared for the first time on the silver screen in 1984, in Stress along with French actors Carole Laure and Guy Marchand. Later, she joined the casts of : L'amour ou presque (1985), La lettre perdue (1987) and Bernadette (1988).
In addition to her cinema career, Meson also appeared on stage. She played in Molière's Le malade imaginaire, and starred in Philippe Chatel's famous musical Emilie Jolie. Two years later, Meson played as an accompanist to French rock-star Johnny Hallyday during one of his concerts in Paris-Bercy.
The Disney era
In 1989, Meson became the new French Disney Ambassador, succeeding to Douchka.
Her singing career began with the hit Oliver, inspired from Disney's Oliver and Company (1988). Her first solo album was released a few month later. In the meantime, her TV careers took a step forward as she co presented the Disney Parade French show with French presenter Jean-Pierre Foucault.
From this moment on, her career bore the "Disney" seal : As the French Disney Ambassador, she made the front page of several "Disney" magazines, recorded stories on K7. She performed the French version of several Disney animated series, like Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (released in France under the title Tic et Tac, les rangers du risque) and Darkwing Duck (released in France under the title Myster Mask). Meson also worked at the French radio station RTL where she appears in two programs: RTL en scène and Quoi de neuf chez Disney. She also appeared in the French version of the musical Annie playing Tessie, one of the orphans before taking on the title role Annie.
Meanwhile, three of the four first album's singles made it to the top ranks of the French Charts, and two years later saw Meson's consecration, as she was among the nominees for the 1991 "Victoire de la Musique – Album pour enfants de l'année" (Best Album for Children of the Year) for her first album. At the same time, her new LP, entitled "Demain c'est aujourd'hui" (Tomorrow is Today) is released. "Demain c'est aujourd'hui" contents several tracks entirely independent from the "Disney" movies and characters, like "1.2.3 Soleil" or "Mais qu'est-ce qui m'arrive ?". Meson also took part in a single designed to save a dying radio station for children "Superloustic".
In 1992, Meson was back to the French stage of the Olympia where she performed live tracks taken from her two first albums. The same year, her third album was released. Christened Que fera la belle? (a reference to Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1991)) had rather few "Disney" songs. Her second album was nominated for the Victoire de la Musique (Best album for Children of the Year). That year, Meson sits her Baccalauréat, as she prepares her last Disney album, "Mon plus beau rêve" (My dearest dream).
At the end of her Disney engagement in 1994, Meson left the Disney label.
American career
The following year, Meson got a show on her own on French TV, before leaving to the United States, where she entered the Theatre of Art. Her American career included dubbing movies and commercials, the writing of her first play Alfredo's way. She came back to France to dance in Maurice Béjart's 1789 et nous, during the anniversary of the French Revolution. She also joined the Notre-Dame de Paris B cast in Las Vegas. This cast recorded an album, in which she sings these three songs : So look no more for love, Shining like the sun and My heart if you will swear.
She was selected for the new Notre-Dame de Paris French cast, in which she sometimes played Esméralda's and Fleur-de-lys' parts. She also recorded a demo for Randall Wallace's film The Man in the Iron Mask and a chorus part on a track in Garou's solo debut album Seul.
Meson moved to Spain where she currently lives with her boyfriend. She has not given up singing, as she's a member of Spanish band Naughty noise.
Discographie
Albums
1990: Anne
1991: Demain c'est aujourd'hui
1992: Anne au pays d'EuroDisney
1992: Que fera la belle
1993: A toi de chanter volume 1 et 2
1993: Mon plus beau rêve
1994: Ses plus belles chansons
2000: Notre Dame de Paris Las Vegas cast B
2000: Garou – Seul (Choeurs sur "Criminel")
2000: Naughty noise – New bauhaus
2002: Naugthy noise – Mind your head
Singles
1987: Comme le dit toujours mon père (chorus)
1989: Oliver
1990: Si ma vie tourne bien
1990: La petite sirène
1990: Les p'tits loups
1990: Anne
1991: Bernard et Bianca au pays des kangourous
1991: 1,2,3 soleil
1991: Demain c'est aujourd'hui (special edition)
1991: Superloustic – Ta radio c'est ton droit (participation)
1991: Demain c'est aujourd'hui
1992: Anne au pays d'EuroDisney
1992: Que fera la belle
1992: Comme Bambi
1992: Dans le bleu
1993: Mon plus beau rêve
1993: Tout le monde veut devenir un cat
1993: A toi de chanter volume 1 et 2
1993: Mon plus beau rêve
1994: Ses plus belles chansons
Filmographie
1984: Stress de Jean-Louis Bertucelli
1985: L'amour ou presque de Jean-François Balme
1987: La lettre perdue de Jean-Louis Bertucelli
1988: Bernadette de Jean Delannoy
French children's musicians
French people of Russian descent
French people of Spanish descent
1975 births
Living people
21st-century French singers
21st-century French women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Meson |
William Lambert may refer to:
William Lambert (MP) (fl. 1529), Member of the Parliament of England
William Lambert (Australian politician) (1881–1928), Australian politician
William Lambert (cricketer, born 1779) (1779–1851), English cricketer
William Lambert (Middlesex cricketer) (1843–1927), English cricketer
William Frederick Lambert (1834–1908), member of the Queensland Legislative Council
William Lambert (journalist) (died 1998), American journalist
William Lambert (mayor) (1790–1853), mayor of Richmond, Virginia 1840–1853
William Lambert (writer) (fl. 1791), engrosser of the United States Bill of Rights
William Carpenter Lambert (1894–1982), American World War I ace
William Lambert (Middlesex cricketer) (1843–1927), English cricketer
William Frederick Lambert (1834–1908), member of the Queensland Legislative Council
William Lambert (abolitionist) (1817–1890), African-American citizen and abolitionist
See also
William Lambert Dobson (1833–1898), Australian politician
Willie Lambert, New Democratic candidate, see Oakville | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Lambert |
Eric Joseph Flaim (born March 9, 1967) is an American former speed skater. He became a world champion in 1988, as well as capturing Olympic silver medals, namely in speed skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics and in short track speed skating at the 1994 Winter Olympics.
Biography and Olympic career
Flaim was born in Pembroke, Massachusetts. He began skating at the age of five on a small pond next to his home on Fairwood Drive, Pembroke. He soon starting playing youth ice hockey in his hometown at the Hobomock Arena, later joining travel teams always with the encouragement and support of his father Enrico. His first introduction to the sport started in short track speed skating with the Baystate Speed Skating Club. At 11 years of age in 1979, he pursued both hockey and speed skating for two seasons. Watching the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid and Eric Heiden's astonishing five-gold-medal achievement fueled Flaim's own dream of competing for the U.S. in the Winter Olympics, and he focused on speed skating. After the 1983 season and winning both North American titles for juniors in short track and long track speed skating, he decided to fully pursue long track as short track was not yet an official Olympic sport. In his first major international competition, the Junior World Allround Championships, he placed in the top 30, he competed in two. As a senior, he participated in his first World Allround Championships in 1987 in Heerenveen, Netherlands. He finished 17th, failing to qualify for the final distance (the 10,000 m) by just one position.
In 1988, Flaim had his best season. In front of a Milwaukee crowd, he won a 1000m gold medal and bronze overall at the World Sprint Championships. Two weeks later, at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Flaim missed medals, placing fourth three times. In his favorite distance he had the disadvantage of starting in the first pair on the 1,500 m and immediately broke Igor Zhelezovski's world record. This was a surprise, as the 20-year-old was not regarded as a leading contender. It would not be the new world record, though, because two pairs later, East German skater André Hoffmann set an even faster time, by just .06 of a second. Flaim's time, however, would remain the second fastest 1,500 m time and so he earned Olympic silver. A highlight for Flaim's career came two weeks later when, in Alma-Ata – then a part of the Soviet Union – he became World Allround Champion at the high-altitude Medeu stadium. Despite poor outdoor conditions, he skated the best 10,000m of his career to solidify his championship.
In 1989, Flaim won the 1,000 m World Cup, a first-place overall finish shared with Austrian skater Michael Hadschieff. After that season he underwent knee surgery in early 1990 and began extensive therapy to get back into elite condition. In 1992, he seemed to be on his way to a comeback when he finished first in Davos, Switzerland, one of the eight 1,000 m races to determine the 1,000 m World Cup, two weeks prior to the start of the Olympics.
During the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, after a 6th place in the 5,000 m, a case of food-poisoning the evening before his 1,500 m race ruined his chances for the rest of the Olympics.
At the 1994 Winter Olympics, he won his second Olympic silver medal – this time in short track skating – as part of the United States team in the 5,000 m relay. This made him the first skater to win Olympic medals in two different winter disciplines (though not the first skater to win Olympic medals in two different overall disciplines – that honor goes to Christa Luding-Rothenburger). Flaim participated in his fourth and final Olympics during the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, having been elected by his Olympic peers to carry the flag into the opening ceremonies.
Personal records
Flaim was number one on the Adelskalender, the all-time allround speed skating ranking, from February 17, 1988, to March 21, 1992, a total of 1,494 days, which is almost exactly equal to Eric Heiden's reign length of 1,495 days. Flaim's Adelskalender score is 157.340 points.
Personal life
Flaim currently is the Managing Director of a Registered Independent Investment practice; Estate Planners of New Hampshire www.epne.net.
References
Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete Results: 1889–2002. Askim, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 2002.
Teigen, Magne. Komplette Resultater Internasjonale Mesterskap 1889–1989: Menn/Kvinner, Senior/Junior, allround/sprint. Veggli, Norway: WSSSA-Skøytenytt, 1989.
Personal records from The Skatebase
the-sports.org
External links
1967 births
Living people
American male speed skaters
American male short track speed skaters
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in speed skating
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in short track speed skating
Speed skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Medalists at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Universiade medalists in short track speed skating
People from Pembroke, Massachusetts
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Competitors at the 1993 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 1995 Winter Universiade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Flaim |
WFCC may refer to:
WFCC-FM, a Cape Cod, Massachusetts radio station
Women Film Critics Circle
World Federation for Culture Collections
World Forum Convention Center
World Federation for Chess Composition | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFCC |
John Vigilante (May 24, 1985 – July 18, 2018) was an American professional ice hockey forward. At the time of his death he was the head coach for the 19u Belle Tire Girls Hockey Program.
Playing career
Undrafted, Vigilante was an Ontario Hockey League priority selection for the Plymouth Whalers in the 11th Round (209th) in 2001. Vigilante was named the team captain of the Whalers at the beginning of the 2005–06 OHL season. He represented the Whalers at the 2006 OHL All-Star Game, held in Belleville, Ontario. His season was cut short with a broken finger, after blocking a shot by the Barrie Colts, as they surged looking for a tying goal at the end of a game. Out for a month, Vigilante returned for the final three games of the regular season to help Plymouth win the West Division.
Vigilante was signed by the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL) on December 7, 2005. Vigilante was then assigned to Nashville's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Milwaukee Admirals, where he made his professional debut.
On July 8, 2008, Vigilante was signed by the Columbus Blue Jackets to a one-year deal. He was then assigned to their AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, where he played with former Plymouth Whaler teammates Jared Boll and Tom Sestito. Midway through the 2008–09 season on February 21, 2009, Vigilante was reassigned by the Blue Jackets when he was loaned to the Quad City Flames for the remainder of the season.
On September 11, 2009, Vigilante signed with the Grand Rapids Griffins, the Detroit Red Wings' AHL affiliate. After appearing in one preseason game, Vigilante was released from his tryout contract with Detroit and assigned to the Griffins.
On June 1, 2012, Vigilante signed with Swedish team IK Oskarshamn, playing in league Hockeyallsvenskan.
Vigilante was a 2003 graduate of Edsel Ford High School in Dearborn, Michigan.
Coaching career
On April 9, 2014, Vigilante was announced as the new head coach, beginning with the 2014-15 season, of the Compuware Midget Majors of the Compuware Youth Program.
Career statistics
References
External links
1985 births
2018 deaths
American men's ice hockey left wingers
Grand Rapids Griffins players
Ice hockey players from Michigan
IK Oskarshamn players
Madonna University alumni
Milwaukee Admirals players
Sportspeople from Dearborn, Michigan
Ice hockey people from Wayne County, Michigan
Plymouth Whalers players
Quad City Flames players
Syracuse Crunch players
Edsel Ford High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Vigilante |
Ghetto Classics is the third studio album by American R&B singer Jaheim. It was released by Warner Bros. Records on February 13, 2006 in the United States. As with his previous albums, production and songwriting duties were handled by former Naughty by Nature DJ KayGee as well as Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney, Darren Lighty, Eddie F, Bink, Scott Storch, Balewa Muhammad, Wesley Hogges, Eric Williams, and The Co-Stars.
It debuted at number one on both the US Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, selling 153,000 copies in its first week of release. Ghetto Classics spawned the moderate hit "Everytime I Think about Her", featuring Jadakiss. Although the album stayed on the album charts for only thirteen weeks, it was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on March 21, 2006.
Critical reception
At Metacritic, which assigns a rated mean out of 100 from mainstream critics, the album received a score of 67, which indicates "generally favorable reviews," based on 13 reviews. Allmusic editor John Bush found that "Ghetto Classics may boast nothing as ambitious as 2002's [single] "Fabulous", and it may amp up the rapper collaborations in search of hits (Jadakiss and Styles P have appearances), but overall very little distracts from the qualities that have made him the most durable talent in commercial yet traditional R&B music [...] The final three songs ditch the samples for straight R&B, and while the absence is missed, it represents an intriguing direction for Jaheim in the future. Classic R&B may seem like just a memory to some, but with artists like Heather Headley and Jaheim in action, it doesn't have to be about the past."
Track listing
Sample credits
"The Chosen One" contains a sample of the recording "I Choose You" as performed by Willie Hutch.
"Daddy Thing" contains interpolations from "To Be True" as written by K. Gamble and I. Huff.
"Like a DJ" contains interpolations from "Time Warp" as written by Eddie Grant.
"Fiend" contains samples from "I'm Sorry" as performed by The Delfonics.
"I Ain't Never" contains excerpts "Stay with Me" as performed by Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis Jr.
"125th" contains interpolations from "Not On the Outside" as written by Larry Roberts and Sylvia Robinson.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
2006 albums
Jaheim albums
Albums produced by Bink (record producer)
Albums produced by Scott Storch
Albums produced by KayGee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghetto%20Classics |
The aircraft diesel engine or aero diesel is a diesel-powered aircraft engine. They were used in airships and tried in aircraft in the late 1920s and 1930s, but were never widely adopted until recently. Their main advantages are their excellent specific fuel consumption, the reduced flammability and somewhat higher density of their fuel, but these have been outweighed by a combination of inherent disadvantages compared to gasoline-fueled or turboprop engines. The ever-rising cost of avgas and doubts about its future availability have spurred a resurgence in aircraft diesel engine production in the early 2010s.
Using diesel engines in aircraft is additionally advantageous from the standpoint of environmental protection as well as the protection of human health, since the tetraethyllead antiknock ingredient of avgas has long been known to be highly toxic as well as polluting.
Development
Early diesel aircraft
A number of manufacturers built diesel aero engines in the 1920s and 1930s; the best known were the Packard air-cooled radial, and the Junkers Jumo 205, which was moderately successful, but proved unsuitable for combat use in World War II. The Blohm & Voss BV 138 trimotor maritime patrol flying boat, however, was powered with the more developed Junkers Jumo 207 powerplant, and was more successful with its trio of diesel Jumo 207s conferring upwards of a maximum 2,100 km (1,300 mile) combat radius upon the nearly 300 examples of the BV 138 built during World War II.
The first successful diesel engine developed specifically for aircraft was the Packard DR-980 radial diesel of 1928–1929, which was laid out in the familiar air-cooled radial format similar to Wright and Pratt & Whitney designs, and was contemporary with the Beardmore Tornado used in the R101 airship. The use of a diesel had been specified for its low fire risk fuel. The first successful flight of a diesel powered aircraft was made on September 18, 1928, in a Stinson model SM-1DX Detroiter registration number X7654. Around 1936 the heavier but less thirsty diesel engines were preferred over gasoline engines when flight time was over only 6–7 hours.
Entering service in the early 1930s, the two-stroke Junkers Jumo 205 opposed-piston engine was much more widely used than previous aero diesels. It was moderately successful in its use in the Blohm & Voss Ha 139 and even more so in airship use. In Britain Napier & Son license-built the larger Junkers Jumo 204 as the Napier Culverin, but it did not see production use in this form. A Daimler-Benz diesel engine was also used in Zeppelins, including the ill-fated LZ 129 Hindenburg. This engine proved unsuitable in military applications and subsequent German aircraft engine development concentrated on gasoline and jet engines.
The Soviet World War II-era four-engine strategic bomber Petlyakov Pe-8 was built with Charomskiy ACh-30 diesel engines; but just after the war's end, both its diesels, and gasoline-fueled Mikulin inline V12 engines for surviving Pe-8 airframes were replaced with Shvetsov-designed radial gasoline engines because of efficiency concerns. The Yermolaev Yer-2 long-range medium bomber was also built with Charomskiy diesel engines.
Other manufacturers also experimented with diesel engines in this period, such as the French Bloch (later Dassault Aviation), whose MB203 bomber prototype used Clerget diesels of radial design. The Royal Aircraft Establishment developed an experimental compression ignition (diesel) version of the Rolls-Royce Condor in 1932, flying it in a Hawker Horsley for test purposes.
Postwar development
Interest in diesel engines in the postwar period was sporadic. The lower power-to-weight ratio of diesels, particularly compared to turboprop engines, weighed against the diesel engine. With fuel available cheaply and most research interest in turboprops and jets for high-speed airliners, diesel-powered aircraft virtually disappeared. The stagnation of the general aviation market in the 1990s saw a massive decline in the development of any new aircraft engine types.
Napier & Son in Britain had developed the Napier Culverin, a derivative of the Junkers Jumo 205, before World War II, and took up aero diesel engines again in the 1950s. The British Air Ministry supported the development of the Napier Nomad, a combination of piston and turboprop engines, which was exceptionally efficient in terms of brake specific fuel consumption, but judged too bulky and complex and canceled in 1955.
Modern developments
Several factors have emerged to change this equation. First, a number of new manufacturers of general aviation aircraft developing new designs have emerged. Second, in Europe in particular, avgas has become very expensive. Third, in several (particularly remote) locations, avgas is harder to obtain than diesel fuel. Finally, automotive diesel technologies have improved greatly in recent years, offering higher power-to-weight ratios more suitable for aircraft application.
Certified diesel-powered light planes are currently available, and a number of companies are developing new engine and aircraft designs for the purpose. Many of these run on readily available jet fuel (kerosene), or on conventional automotive diesel.
Simulations indicate lower maximum payload due to the heavier engine, but also longer range at medium payload.
Applications
Airships
The zeppelins LZ 129 Hindenburg and LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II were propelled by reversible diesel engines. The direction of operation was changed by shifting gears on the camshaft. From full power forward, the engines could be brought to a stop, changed over, and brought to full power in reverse in less than 60 seconds.
Nevil Shute Norway wrote that the demonstration flight of the airship R100 was changed from India to Canada, "when she got petrol engines, because it was thought that a flight to the tropics with petrol on board would be too hazardous. It is curious after over twenty years to recall how afraid everyone was of petrol in those days (c. 1929), because since then aeroplanes with petrol engines have done innumerable hours of flying in the tropics, and they don't burst into flames on every flight. I think the truth is that everyone was diesel-minded in those days; it seemed as if the diesel engine for aeroplanes was only just around the corner, with the promise of great fuel economy".
Hence, the ill-fated diesel-engined R101 — which crashed in 1930 — was to fly to India, though her diesel engines had petrol starter engines, and there had only been time to replace one with a diesel starter engine. The R101 used the Beardmore Tornado aero diesel engine, with two of the five engines reversible by an adjustment to the camshaft. This engine was developed from an engine used in railcars.
Certified engines
Technify Motors
Continental Motors, Inc. subsidiary Technify Motors GmbH of Sankt Egidien, Germany, is the new TC holder of the Thielert TAE 110 certified by the EASA on 8 March 2001, a 4-cylinder, four stroke engine with common rail direct injection, turbocharger, 1:1.4138 reduction gearbox and FADEC producing at takeoff at 3675 rpm and continuously at 3400 rpm for .
The TAE 125-01, certified 3 May 2002, is the same with a 1:1.689 gearbox, weighs and outputs maximum at 3900 rpm, like the later TAE 125-02-99 certified on 14 August 2006, then the TAE 125-02-114 on 6 March 2007 for at 3900 rpm, and the TAE 125-02-125 outputting at 3400 rpm for .
The Centurion 4.0 is a four stroke 8‐cylinder, with common rail, 2 turbochargers, 1:1.689 reduction gearbox, propeller governor and FADEC weighting and certified on 26 September 2007 for up to maximum, continuous at 3900 rpm. The centurion 4.0 V8 has not been certified for installation in any airframes.
EASA certified on 20 June 2017, the Centurion 3.0 is a four stroke V6, also with common rail, turbocharger, Electronic Engine Control Unit (EECU) and 1 : 1.66 reduction gearbox, weighting and outputting 221 kW (300 HP) at take‐off, 202 kW (272 HP) continuously, both at 2340 propeller RPM.
Thielert
Thielert, based in German Lichtenstein, Saxony was the original TC holder of the 1.7 based on the Mercedes A-class turbo diesel, running on diesel and jet A-1 fuel. It was certified for retrofitting to Cessna 172s and Piper Cherokees, replacing the Lycoming O-320 Avgas engine.
The of the 1.7 engine is similar to the O-320 but its displacement is less than a third and it achieves maximum power at 2300 prop RPM instead of 2700.
Austrian aircraft manufacturer Diamond Aircraft Industries offered its single-engine Diamond DA40-TDI Star with the 1.7 engine, and the Diamond DA42 Twin Star with two, offering a low fuel consumption of .
Robin Aircraft also offered a DR400 Ecoflyer with the Thielert engine.
In May 2008, Thielert went bankrupt and although Thielert's insolvency administrator, Bruno M. Kubler, was able to announce in January 2009 that the company was "in the black and working to capacity," by then Cessna had dropped plans to install Thielert engines in some models, and Diamond Aircraft has now developed its own in-house diesel engine: the Austro Engine E4.
Several hundred Thielert-powered airplanes are flying.
SMA Engines
SMA Engines, located in Bourges, France, have designed the SMA SR305-230: a direct drive four-stroke, air and oil-cooled, turbo-diesel of four horizontally opposed cylinders displacing with an electronically controlled mechanical pump fuel injection, it obtained EASA certification on 20 April 2001 for at 2200 rpm, weighting .
A SR305-260 was certified in February 2019.
The SR305-230 obtained US FAA certification in July 2002. It is now certified as retrofit on several Cessna 182 models in Europe and the US, and Maule is working toward certification of the M-9-230. SMA's engineering team came from Renault Sport (Formula 1) and designed it from the ground up.
SMA develops a six cylinder version, the SR460. At AERO Friedrichshafen 2016, SMA debuted a high power density engine demonstrator: a 135 hp (100 kW), 38-cubic-inch (0.62 liter) single cylinder four-stroke for 215 hp (160 kW) per liter, scalable from and up to 1.5 hp/lb. (2.5 kW/kg) power density with a specific fuel consumption of 0.35 lb/hp/hr (210 g/kwh).
Austro Engine
Austro Engine GmbH, based in Wiener Neustadt, Austria had the E4 engine certified by EASA on 28 January 2009. It is a 4-cylinder, 1991 cm³ four stroke engine with common rail direct injection, turbocharger, 1:1.69 reduction gearbox and an Electronic Engine Control Unit. It produces at Take-off and continuously, at 2300 propeller RPM for .
The same weight E4P was certified on 26 March 2015 for at Take-off at the same speed, and continuously at 2200 propeller RPM.
In 2011, Austro Engine was developing a 6-cylinder in cooperation with Steyr Motors, based on their block, to be used in the Diamond DA50.
DieselJet
DieselJet s.r.l. of Castel Maggiore, Italy, had its TDA CR 1.9 8V EASA certified on 11 June 2010 : a liquid cooled, 4 cylinder, 4 stroke, 8 valve engine, with a turbocharger and Common Rail injection, a 1:0.644 reduction gearbox and dual FADEC, it produces 118 kW (160 hp) at take-off and 107 kW (146 hp) continuously at 2450 propeller RPM for . The TDA CR 2.0 16V, certified 8 March 2016, is a 16 valve engine with a 1:0.607 reduction ratio and a similar configuration, producing 142 kW (193 hp) continuous and 160 kW (217.5 hp) at take-off at 2306 propeller RPM for . In 2016, DieselJet was developing a TDA CR 3.0 24V.
Continental Motors
Continental Motors, Inc. of Mobile, Alabama, received on December 19, 2012, a type certification for its Continental CD-230 under the official TD-300-B designation: a turbocharged 4-stroke direct drive flat four air-cooled engine of , with direct fuel injection and electronic control unit with a mechanical back-up, outputting continuously at 2200 RPM for 431 lb (195.5 kg) dry. It is developed from the SMA SR305-230.
RED Aircraft
RED Aircraft GmbH of Adenau, Germany, obtained EASA type certification on 19 December 2014 for its RED A03 V12 four stroke, with common rail, turbocharger, 1:1.88 reduction gearbox and single lever FADEC/EECS, outputting 368 kW (500 hp) at take-off at 2127 propeller RPM and 338 kW (460 hp) at 1995 propeller RPM continuously for dry.
The RED A05 is a 3550cc V6 preliminary design, outputting at takeoff at 2127 propeller RPM and continuously at 1995 propeller RPM, with a best brake specific fuel consumption.
DeltaHawk Engines
DeltaHawk Engines, Inc., an American company, is currently developing three V-4 designs of 160, 180 and , the latter two versions being turbocharged. Using a ported two-stroke design, they have also flown a prototype engine in a pusher configuration. Velocity aircraft are claiming delivery of non-certified engines since 2005 and hope to achieve certification early in 2011. DeltaHawk engines have a dry oil sump, so they can run in any orientation: upright, inverted or vertical shaft by changing the location of the oil scavenge port. They can also run counter-rotation for installation in twins to eliminate the critical engine issue.
A water-cooled DeltaHawk engine has been successfully fitted to a Rotorway helicopter, weighing the same as an air-cooled petrol engine of similar power and being capable of maintaining that power to 17,000 feet.
The 180 hp DeltaHawk DH180 received its FAA Type certification in May 2023, first deliveries are planned in 2024.
Experimental engines
A number of other manufacturers are currently developing experimental diesel engines, many using aircraft-specific designs rather than adapted automotive engines. Many are using two-stroke designs, with some opposed-piston layouts directly inspired by the original Junkers design.
Diesel Air Limited, Wilksch and Zoche have all had considerable problems bringing their prototype designs into production, with delays running into several years. The Diesel Air Limited-powered airship is no longer registered by the Civil Aviation Authority in the UK.
Two-stroke
Wilksch Airmotive, a British company, is developing a three-cylinder two-stroke diesel (WAM-120) and is working on a four-cylinder design (WAM-160). In 2007 Wilksch claimed that they had completed multiple tests on the WAM-100 LSA in accordance with ASTM F 2538 – the WAM-100 LSA is a derated WAM-120. Wilksch originally showed a two-cylinder prototype alongside the three- and four-cylinder models. In April 2008 IndUS Aviation introduced the first diesel light-sport aircraft with a WAM 120 having flown 400 hours on a Thorp T211 in England for the past four years.
By mid-2009, approximately 40 WAM-120 units had been sold, with around half currently flying. The British owner of a VANS RV-9A fitted with a WAM-120 reports getting TAS at on 15 litre/hr of Jet A-1 fuel.
A Rutan LongEz canard-pusher (G-LEZE) has also flown with the WAM-120 engine with test flights showing a TAS of at and 22 litre/hr. At economy cruise of at the fuel consumption is , giving a range of .
GAP Diesel Engine is a NASA development.
With the branding Zoche aero-diesel, the company "Michael Zoche Antriebstechnik" in Munich/Germany has produced a prototype range of three radial air-cooled two-stroke diesel aero-engines, comprising a V-twin, a single-row cross-4 and a double-row cross-8.
A Zoche engine has run successfully in wind tunnel tests. Zoche seem barely closer to production than they were a decade ago.
Andy Higgs' Advanced Component Engineering designed a step piston V12 weighing 665 lb /302 kg with the reduction gearbox to replace low-end, PT6s like in the Cessna Caravan; a , 302 pounds/137 kg four-cylinder with a gearbox to reduce the prop RPM to 2300 from 5300; and a V4 weighing 103 pounds/47 kg and producing .
The v12 can power generators, tanks, boats or blimps and v4 and v8 versions can be derived.
The Bourke engine, designed by Russell Bourke, of Petaluma, CA, is an opposed rigidly connected twin cylinder design using the detonation principle.
Opposed-piston engines
Diesel Air Limited is a British company developing a twin-cylinder (therefore four-piston), two-stroke opposed-piston engine inspired by the original Junkers design. Their engine has flown in test aircraft and airship installations. Unlike the Junkers, it is made for horizontal installation with a central output shaft for the geared cranks, the overall installed shape thereby approximately resembling a four-stroke flat-four engine.
Powerplant Developments, a British company, is developing a opposed-piston engine called the Gemini 100/120 that resembles the Diesel Air Limited engine and uses the Junkers twin-crank principle, again for horizontal installation with a central output shaft for the geared cranks. However, the Gemini 100 is an engine. Like Diesel Air Limited, Powerplant Developments claim to be using Weslake Air Services for production. They have recently announced that Tecnam will test a prototype with the Gemini engine.
Superior Air Parts' subsidiary Gemini Diesel develops three cylinder two-stroke designs with six opposed pistons:
a 100 hp (75 kW) weighing 159.5 lb (72.5 kg),
a turbocharged 125 hp (118 kW) weighing 175 lb (72.5 kg), both measuring 23” wide × 16” high × 23” long (58 × 40 cm × 58 cm) and reaching BSFC, respectively;
larger three cylinder (six piston) engines would produce 180-200 hp (134-149 kW) weighing 276 lb (125 kg) in 29” W × 16” H × 29” L (73 × 41.5 × 72.5 cm) and 300-360 HP (224-268 KW) turbocharged whilst weighing 386 lb (175 kg) within 29” W × 19” H × 37” L (73 × 47.5 × 95 cm)
five cylinder (10 piston) engines would produce 450 hp (336 kW) whilst weighing 474 lb (215 kg) within 29” W × 22” H × 43 ” L (73 × 55 × 110 cm)
six cylinder(12 piston) engines would attain 550 hp (410 kW) whilst weighing 551 pounds (250 kg in 29” W × 22” H × 48” L (73 × 55 × 122 cm), burning The 100 hp version will cost less than $25,000.
Weslake Engine, another UK based company, displayed its A80 lightweight diesel engine at Friedrichshafen Aero 2015.
Four-stroke
Wisconsin-based Engineered Propulsion Systems develops its Graflight liquid-cooled V-8 engine with steel pistons and compacted graphite iron crankcase for better strength and durability than aluminium at similar weight, increasing time between overhauls to 3,000 hours. It is managed by a Bosch ECU and consumes Jet A, JP-8 or straight diesel for general aviation aircraft and small helicopters, military drones, small boats or troop carriers, and its low vibration allows the use of composite or aluminium airscrews.
At , 75% of the maximum power, it consumes , in comparison to the Continental TSIO-550-E, which burns
Automotive derived
Raptor Turbo Diesel LLC, an American company, is currently developing the Raptor 105 diesel engine. It is a four-stroke inline turbo charged engine. Formerly Vulcan Aircraft Engines (until September 2007).
ECO Motors developed the EM 80 and EM 4 stroke 4 cylinder diesel with FADEC based on a car engine for dry but disappeared since 2008.
The FlyEco diesel is a three-cylinder, engine producing 80 HP / 58,8 kW up to 3,800 RPM and reduced by 1:1.50-1.79, derived from the Smart Car.
It powers the Siemens-FlyEco Magnus eFusion hybrid electric aircraft.
Teos/Austro Engine AE440
Within the Green Rotorcraft European Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative environmental research program started in 2011, an Airbus Helicopters H120 Colibri technology demonstrator equipped with a HIPE AE440 high-compression diesel engine, running on jet fuel, first flew on 6 November 2015. The powerplant is a liquid-cooled, dry sump lubricated 90° V8 engine with common rail direct injection, fully machined aluminium blocks, titanium connecting rods, steel pistons and liners, one turbocharger per cylinder bank.
With an air/air intercooler, it weighs (dry) without gearbox and the installed powerpack weighs . Its brake specific fuel consumption is 200 g/kW.h. It is manufactured by Teos Powertrain Engineering, a joint venture between Mecachrome and D2T (IFPEN group) for the mechanical design, engine main parts manufacturing, assembly and testing and Austro Engine for the dual channel FADEC and harness, fuel system, airworthiness.
See also
List of aircraft engines
References
External links
Aircraft engines
Diesel engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20diesel%20engine |
Hypnotic susceptibility measures how easily a person can be hypnotized. Several types of scales are used; however, the most common are the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales.
The Harvard Group Scale (HGSS), as the name implies, is administered predominantly to large groups of people while the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS) is administered to individuals. No scale can be seen as completely reliable due to the nature of hypnosis. It has been argued that no person can be hypnotized if they do not want to be; therefore, a person who scores very low may not want to be hypnotized, making the actual test score averages lower than they otherwise would be.
Hypnotic depth scales
Hypnotic susceptibility scales, which mainly developed in experimental settings, were preceded by more primitive scales, developed within clinical practice, which were intended to infer the "depth" or "level" of "hypnotic trance" on the basis of various subjective, behavioural or physiological changes.
The Scottish surgeon James Braid (who introduced the term "hypnotism"), attempted to distinguish, in various ways, between different levels of the hypnotic state. Subsequently, the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot also made a similar distinction between what he termed the lethargic, somnambulistic, and cataleptic levels of the hypnotic state.
However, Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim introduced more complex hypnotic "depth" scales, based on a combination of behavioural, physiological and subjective responses, some of which were due to direct suggestion and some of which were not. In the first few decades of the 20th century, these early clinical "depth" scales were superseded by more sophisticated "hypnotic susceptibility" scales based on experimental research. The most influential were the Davis-Husband and Friedlander–Sarbin scales developed in the 1930s.
Hypnotic susceptibility scales
Friedlander–Sarbin Scale
A major precursor of the Stanford Scales, the Friedlander–Sarbin scale was developed in 1938 by Theodore R. Sarbin and consisted of similar test items to those used in subsequent experimental scales.
Stanford Scales
The Stanford Scale was developed by André Muller Weitzenhoffer and Ernest R. Hilgard in 1959. The Scale consists of three Forms: A, B, and C. Similar to the Harvard Group Scale, each Form consists of 12 items of progressive difficulty and usually takes fifty minutes to complete. Each form consists of motor and cognitive tasks but vary in their respective intended purpose. The administrator scores each form individually.
Form A
Based upon the scale developed by Joseph Friedlander and Theodore Sarbin (1938), this form was developed to measure susceptibility to hypnosis with items increasing in difficulty in order to yield a score. The higher the score, the more responsive one is to hypnosis. Following a standardized hypnotic induction, the hypnotized individual is given suggestions pertaining to the list below.
Form B
Form B was designed to be used as a follow-up to Form A when doing experiments involving a second session of hypnosis. The items are similar but are changed somewhat (e.g. the use of the opposite hand in a particular item). The changes were made to "prevent memory from the first exerting too great an influence upon the recall of specific tasks..."
Form C
Created a few years after Forms A and B, Form C contains some items from Form B, but includes more difficult items for "when subjects are being selected for advanced tests in which knowledge of their capacity to experience more varied items is required" (pgs v-vi Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard 1962). Following a standardized hypnotic induction, the hypnotized individual is given suggestions pertaining to the list below.
In more modern experiments, a scent such as peppermint has been used in place of ammonia for Item 9.
Harvard Group Scale
Ronald Shor and Emily Carota Orne developed the Harvard Group Scale in 1962. It consists of 12 items of progressive difficulty (as defined, psychometrically, by the percentage of subjects in a normative sample that report experiencing each particular item) and usually takes around forty-five minutes to complete. The items usually consist of motor tasks and cognitive tasks with the motor tasks being easier to complete. The average score is 5 out of 12. The test is self-scored leaving it open to criticism concerning the validity of the scores.
Hypnotic Induction Profile
The Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) or the eye roll test, first proposed by Herbert Spiegel, is a simple test to loosely determine if a person is susceptible to hypnosis. A person is asked to roll their eyes upward. The degree to which the iris and cornea are seen is measured. The less of these parts of the eye observed, the more hypnotically susceptible a person is. Research has shown that the scale may not carry as strong a relationship with other hypnotic scales as originally thought. More recent research has found significant correlations with absorption scales, and dissociative experiences.
Other scales
Many other tests are not widely used because they are usually seen as less reliable than the Stanford Scale and Harvard Group Scale. Many professionals think that these tests produce results because they involve attentional control, and that a certain level of concentration is required to be hypnotized.
Conversely, concentration can be something induced through the use of hypnosis instead of a "fuel" used to get hypnosis running.
Susceptibility
Individuals of extremely high hypnotizability tend to have distinctive characteristics outside of hypnosis. In 1981, Sherl Wilson and T X Barber reported that most of a group of extremely high hypnotizables who they termed "fantasizers". The fantasizers exhibited a cluster of traits consisting of: 1) fantasizing much of the time, 2) reporting their imagery was as vivid as real perceptions, 3) having physical responses to their imagery, 4) having an earlier than average age for first childhood memory, 5) recalling "imaginary playmates" from childhood, and 6) having grown up with parents who encouraged imaginative play. In 1991, Deirdre Barrett examined a larger group of extremely high hypnotizables and confirmed that about 60% fit Barber and Wilson's characterization of fantasizers while 40% were what she termed "dissociaters" who: 1) experienced daydreaming mostly as "spacing out" and not remembering what had been going on for periods of time, 2) had later than average ages for first memories, and 3) had parents who had been harshly punitive and/or who had experienced other childhood traumas. Fantasizers tended to experience hypnosis as being much like other imaginative activities while dissociaters reported it was unlike anything they'd ever experienced. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder have the highest hypnotizability of any clinical group, followed by those with post-traumatic stress disorder.
See also
Fantasy prone personality
Nancy School
Salpêtrière School of Hypnosis
References
Hypnosis
Personality traits | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotic%20susceptibility |
Benzamidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C(NH)NH2. It is the simplest aryl amidine. The compound is a white solid that is slightly soluble in water. It is usually handled as the hydrochloride salt, a white, water-soluble solid.
Structure
In terms of its molecular structure, benzamidine features one short C=NH bond and one longer C-NH2 bond, which are respectively 129 and 135 pm in length, respectively.
The triangular diamine group gives it a distinctive shape which shows up in difference density maps.
Applications
Benzamidine is a reversible competitive inhibitor of trypsin, trypsin-like enzymes, and serine proteases.
It is often used as a ligand in protein crystallography to prevent proteases from degrading a protein of interest. The benzamidine moiety is also found in some pharmaceuticals, such as dabigatran.
Condensation with various haloketones provides a synthetic route to 2,4-disubstituted imidazoles.
References
Phenyl compounds
Amidines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzamidine |
The Singapore Symphony Chorus (SSC) is the performing choir of the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (SSO). The SSC performs solely with the SSO, presenting an average of three programmes a year.
The SSC's present chorus master is Eudenice Palaruan, who took over from Lim Yau. Most concerts are performed at Singapore's Esplanade Concert Hall and the Victoria Concert Hall.
The associated youth choirs are the Singapore Symphony Children's Choir (SSCC) and the Symphony Youth Choir (SSYC).
History
In 1980, SSO's Music Director and Conductor, Choo Hoey, started the SSC and gave its first performance in 1980.
Repertoire and Collaborations
The Chorus has performed under the baton of Choo Hoey, Lan Shui, Lim Yau, Okko Kamu, Gilbert Kaplan, Andrea Quinn, Justin Brown, George Cleve, Wang Jin and John Nelson. Vocal soloists that have appeared with the Chorus over the years include Sir Willard White, David Wilson Johnson, Michael George, Neil Mackie, Susan Chilcott and Nathan Berg.
The repertoire of the SSC includes Hindemith’s Requiem, Holst’s The Planets, Lambert’s Rio Grande, Orff’s Carmina Burana, Rachmaninov’s The Bells, Stravinsky’s Symphony of Psalms, Tippett’s A Child of Our Time, and the masses and oratorios of J. S. Bach, Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, Berlioz, Gounod, Dvořák, Elgar, Fauré, Verdi and Mendelssohn.
The chorus has taken part in opera productions such as Carmen (1990), Cosi fan tutte (1999) and The Other Wise Man (2000), and is a regular feature in the Singapore Arts Festival.
Most recently, the SSC has performed Janáček's Glagolitic Mass (2004), Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 in D minor "Choral" (2005), Mendelssohn's Elijah (2005), Beethoven’s Missa Solemnis in April 2006 and Haydn's The Creation later in 2006, followed by John Rutter works in the Christmas concert. In 2007, two particular highlights are Seven Last Words from the Cross by James MacMillan and Handel's The Messiah performed without scores!
For first half of 2008, works performed are Mahler's 3rd Symphony, Misa Tango by Luis Bacalov, and later in the year, Brahms Deutsche Requiem.
In 2009, the chorus went on to perform Mahler's 2nd Symphony with John Nelson back as guest conductor, and later, under Lan Shui, Haydn's Nelson Mass and Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 in D minor "Choral" together with the Singapore Symphony Children's Choir. Of special note in 2009 was Damnation of Faust by Berlioz.
In April 2010, the Chorus celebrated its 30th anniversary and invited old members to return to perform Verdi's Requiem - this time in the fantastic Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay, its performing home since 2002.
April 2013 saw the chorus perform Britten's War Requiem, together with the Singapore Bible College Chorale, the Hallelujah Chorus, The Philharmonic Chamber Choir, the NAFA Choir and the Singapore Symphony Children’s Choir.
In November 2017, as part of the SSO's tour to KL, the chorus performed Brahm's Gesang der Parzen and Schicksalslied at Petronas Philharmonic Hall, KL. Joining them on stage were members of the Singapore Symphony Youth Choir and the Transylvania State Philharmonic Choir.
Chorus Masters
1980-1981 Susan Ashton
1981-1997 Lim Yau
1983 William Zimmerman (Caretaker)
1997 Robert Casteels (Caretaker)
1998-2000 Bart Folse
2001-2017 Lim Yau
2017- current Eudenice Palaruan
References
External links
Singaporean choirs
Musical groups established in 1980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore%20Symphony%20Chorus |
The Beresford Republic is the weekly newspaper of Beresford, South Dakota. The newspaper is published every Thursday.
History
According to the Beresford Centennial Book (published in 1984), the Beresford Republic was founded by a Mr. Stroud in Elk Point, South Dakota. It was originally published under the title, the Union County Republican. The first volume of that newspaper still survives in private hands and was put on display at the history exhibit during the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the incorporation of the city of Beresford, South Dakota in July 2009. The first issue of that newspaper was published on August 2, 1894. H. A. Sturges was reported to have owned the newspaper for twenty-seven years.
According to the Beresford Centennial Book, the newspaper was at the "end of its string" when it was taken over by Harry Sturges. Later, he was said to have sold out his interests in the paper to his younger brother, H. A. Sturges. By the start of the newspaper's fourth volume 1897, it was published in Beresford, South Dakota under the title, Union County Republic before the title of the newspaper was finally changed to the Beresford Republic in 1898.
In 2023, a decision was made to merge the Beresford Republic with the Alcester Union-Hudsonite. When the editor of the Alcester Union-Hudsonite retired in the spring of 2023, an unsuccessful attempt was made to find a new editor; so, the offices of that newspaper were shut down. The Alcester-Hudson newspaper was then merged with the Beresford newspaper to become the Alcester-Beresford-Hudson Republic on September 7, 2023.
During the school year, the Beresford High School newspaper, the Beresonian, is published as part of the Beresford Republic.
References
External links
Beresford Republic entry on the South Dakota Newspaper Association website
Newspapers published in South Dakota
Newspapers established in 1894
1894 establishments in South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beresford%20Republic |
Daniel John Higginbotham (born 29 December 1978) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. Born in Manchester, England, he represented Gibraltar in international football.
Higginbotham started his career in the academy of Manchester United. After making his senior debut for the club, he was sent out on loan to Belgian side Royal Antwerp, but after his return the following season, he was unable to claim a regular first-team place and joined Derby County in search of more playing time in 2000. He spent three years at Derby but handed in a transfer request when the club was relegated from the Premier League. Southampton signed Higginbotham for a £1.5 million fee in February 2003, and he helped them reach the 2003 FA Cup Final. When Southampton were relegated in 2005, Higginbotham rejected a new contract and was placed on the transfer list.
He joined fellow Championship side Stoke City for a £225,000 fee in August 2006. He was made captain when Michael Duberry left in January 2007 and Stoke went on to narrowly miss out on a play-off place. With Stoke not being promoted Higginbotham again decided to hand in a transfer request to help force through a move to Sunderland. He spent one season at the Stadium of Light before returning to Stoke in 2008. He became a vital member of Tony Pulis' squad as Stoke established themselves in the Premier League. He scored the winning goal in the FA Cup quarter-final against West Ham United but missed out on both the semi-final and the final due to a knee injury. After his recovery he struggled to force his way back into the side and spent time out on loan to Nottingham Forest and Ipswich Town before joining Sheffield United on a free transfer in January 2013. After eight months at Bramall Lane, he left to join Conference Premier side Chester before ending his career with a short spell at Altrincham.
Higginbotham made his international debut for Gibraltar in a friendly against Slovakia in November 2013 at the age of 34, qualifying through his maternal grandmother. In January 2014, Higginbotham retired from club football after a 14-year career, but made two more international appearances for Gibraltar until his international retirement in March.
Early life
Born in Manchester, Higginbotham grew up in nearby Altrincham. Despite passing his eleven plus exam he was denied entry into Altrincham Grammar School for Boys. His elder brother, Paul, played non-League football for Witton Albion.
Club career
Manchester United
Higginbotham started his career at his local club Manchester United, but was not highly rated during the first year of his apprenticeship and his career was almost ended when he broke his femur in a B team match. However, he recovered well from the injury and was given a two-year professional contract in 1998. He made his Premier League debut on 10 May 1998, coming on for Michael Clegg 60 minutes into a 2–0 win over Barnsley at Oakwell.
He was sent to Belgian Second Division side Royal Antwerp on a loan spell. He got off to a bad start at the club and asked to return to Old Trafford after being abused by Antwerp supporters outside the Bosuilstadion, and had to be talked into staying by manager Regi Van Acker. Following this start the club then won 15 matches in a row and Higginbotham become popular with the fans. However, the season ended with defeat in a play-off game. After the final whistle Ronnie Wallwork allegedly attacked the referee Amand Ancion. Higginbotham was subsequently banned from football for a year for his alleged involvement in the attack. In September 1999, a Belgian court reduced Higginbotham's ban to four months. Ancion maintained that Wallwork had grabbed him by the throat and that Higginbotham had headbutted him. Higginbotham always maintained his innocence, stating that he had tried to intervene peacefully after Wallwork had confronted Ancion in an aggressive manner. Alex Ferguson believed the player's innocence and handed both players four-year contracts as the club appealed their suspensions.
Higginbotham played six games for United during the 1999–2000 season, including appearances in the UEFA Champions League and at the Maracanã Stadium in the FIFA World Cup Championship. He made his full debut in a 3–0 defeat to Aston Villa at Villa Park on 13 October 1999, in what was described as a blow to the credibility of the League Cup as United had fielded a number of young players. He suffered with concussion during the match after a clash of heads with Dion Dublin. He failed to break into the first team on a regular basis as Denis Irwin, Phil Neville and Mikaël Silvestre were all preferred ahead of him at left-back.
Derby County
Higginbotham's desire to play regular first-team football led to him joining Derby County for a £2 million fee – a large sum for a young player with just four top-flight appearances to his name. His decision to leave Manchester United was praised by the player he failed to displace, Denis Irwin. Higginbotham made his debut in a 2–2 draw with Southampton, and had a good start to his Derby career until he was substituted at half-time during his third appearance after struggling to contain Everton's Niclas Alexandersson. Manager Jim Smith soon switched to a new system without any full-backs but Higginbotham adapted well to playing on the left-side of a three-man defence. Derby avoid relegation out of the Premier League on the penultimate day of 2000–01 with a 1–0 victory over his former club Manchester United at Old Trafford.
He began 2001–02 on the left-side of central defence despite Smith reverting to a 4–4–2 formation. Smith was sacked after a poor start, but his replacement Colin Todd failed to improve the club's form, and Todd was sacked and replaced with John Gregory, with similarly poor results. Higginbotham scored his first goal in English football on 16 March 2002, converting a penalty to secure a 3–1 victory over Bolton Wanderers after striker Fabrizio Ravanelli backed out of taking the penalty. This would prove to be the last win of a relegation campaign, with the only remaining positive to the season for Higginbotham coming when he was voted as the fans' Player of the Year.
On 17 August 2002, he collided badly with Grimsby Town forward Steve Livingstone and knocked Livingstone unconscious; this left Livingstone with a skull fracture that would see him out of action for two months. It was expected that Higginbotham would eventually move unless Derby did well enough to gain promotion back to the Premier League, and so in January 2003, with Derby struggling in the First Division, he moved to Southampton on loan, joining permanently in February.
Southampton
Following Derby's relegation from the Premier League, Higginbotham moved to Southampton in January 2003 on loan until the end of 2002–03. The move was made permanent in February 2003 for a £1.5 million fee. He featured in Southampton's FA Cup run in 2002–03, playing once in the fifth round against Norwich City, but was an unused substitute for the final against Arsenal.
The 2003–04 season was difficult for the club, and Gordon Strachan resigned in March. Higginbotham felt that his replacement, Paul Sturrock, was unable to handle the pressure at St Mary's, but denied press rumours that Sturrock had lost the confidence of the players. Steve Wigley took charge for 2004–05 and the club's decline continued. Wigley demoted Higginbotham to the reserves after following a falling out between the pair, though he soon reversed the decision and returned him to the first team. Harry Redknapp replaced Wigley as manager in December 2004 but failed to arrest the decline, and Southampton were relegated in last place. Higginbotham had scored the equalising goal in the penultimate match of the season at Crystal Palace, but a final day defeat to Manchester United left Southampton two points from safety.
George Burley took over from Redknapp in December 2005, though neither manager was able to put together an effective promotion campaign and Southampton ended the season 12th in the Championship. Higginbotham rejected a new contract and as a result was placed on the transfer list in July 2006. He told the local press that he felt disrespected the way Southampton chairman Rupert Lowe had handled his contract – he had taken a pay cut to move from Derby, a 40% pay cut following relegation, and then the new contract offer was lower still than his current contract.
Stoke City
Higginbotham joined Southampton's Championship rivals Stoke City on 3 August 2006 for an initial £225,000 fee, and quickly cemented a regular place in Tony Pulis's starting line-up. He began 2006–07 at left-back, but soon established himself at centre-back after initially filling in for Clint Hill following Hill's sending off at Wolverhampton Wanderers on 23 September 2006. Pulis gave Stoke a reputation as a "Battersea Dogs Home" club, and Higginbotham proved to be a typical signing in this regard as he felt unwanted at Southampton and said that his career had been reinvigorated by the move to the Britannia Stadium. Stoke went seven games without conceding a goal, and during this run Higginbotham scored the only goal of the game against local rivals West Bromwich Albion after deposing Carl Hoefkens as the club's penalty taker. In February 2007, he was awarded the club captaincy following Michael Duberry's departure to Reading. Over the course of the season he scored a career-high seven goals in his 46 appearances. Though Stoke narrowly missed out on the play-offs, a successful personal campaign culminated in Higginbotham being voted the club's Player of the Year.
Sunderland
On 28 August 2007, it was announced that a bid from Sunderland had been accepted by Stoke, after Higginbotham had handed a transfer request to the club. Higginbotham wrote in his autobiography that Pulis would only authorise the deal if he handed in a transfer request. Higginbotham signed a four-year deal with Sunderland the following day, moving for a £2.5 million fee, possibly rising to £3 million dependent on appearances. He said that the chance to play Premier League football under Roy Keane was too good to refuse. On 10 November 2007, Higginbotham scored the opening goal for Sunderland which was believed to come off his ear in a 1–1 draw with their Tyne-Wear rivals Newcastle United at the Stadium of Light. He was only a bit-part player by the start of 2008–09, and Keane allowed him to return to Stoke for the same fee that he had paid to Stoke.
Return to Stoke City
Higginbotham re-joined Stoke, now in the Premier League, in September 2008 for a £2.5 million fee. On 19 October 2008, Higginbotham scored the first goal of his second spell, with a penalty in a 2–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur. He was the first choice at left-back for manager Tony Pulis, playing in 28 league matches as the team successfully fought for survival. However, he missed the final five matches of the season due to a slipped disc. He later underwent surgery.
With the summer signing of Danny Collins, Higginbotham was dropped to the bench before regaining his place in the team, mainly being utilised in his more natural position in the centre of defence, and scored the first goal in a 3–0 win over Blackburn Rovers on 8 February 2010. He was praised by first-team coach Mark O'Connor for reclaiming his place in the side.
He started the first match of 2010–11 away at Wolverhampton Wanderers, but was dropped for the next match in favour of Collins. Higginbotham signed a contract extension in October 2010 for a further 12 months, keeping him at Stoke until the summer of 2013. He made his 200th top-flight appearance against Manchester United on 24 October 2010. He struggled with injury for the rest of the first half of the season, and was in and out of the first team.
After signing his contract extension, Higginbotham stated that he wanted to end his career at Stoke. He scored a rare league goal in January 2011 against Bolton Wanderers. He scored the first FA Cup goal of his career in a quarter-final win against West Ham United in March 2011. It proved to be the winning goal, thus earning Stoke their first semi-final appearance in 39 years. He scored an identical goal against Newcastle United the following week. However, in the next league match against Chelsea, Higginbotham sustained a cruciate knee ligament injury that ruled him out for six months. Pulis spoke of his disappointment at losing Higginbotham but also stressed he would play a key role in the final few matches of the season due to his influence in the dressing room. Higginbotham later admitted that missing the FA Cup final made him "jealous" of his teammates.
Higginbotham targeted to return from his knee injury by October 2011. He marked his return from his knee injury by scoring the only goal in a 1–0 reserve team win over Sheffield United on 11 October 2011. However, after failing to force his way back into the first team, Higginbotham joined Championship team Nottingham Forest on loan until the end of the season on 31 January 2012. Upon signing for Forest, Higginbotham admitted that he was unsure of his future at Stoke. He was backed by Thomas Sørensen to make a return to Stoke's first team. On 10 March 2012, Higginbotham scored his first goal for a year when he scored the second for Forest in a 3–1 home win over Millwall. His loan spell with Forest was ended early in April 2012 due to injury.
Higginbotham joined Championship club Ipswich Town on a one-month loan on 21 September 2012, which was later extended until January 2013. He was expected to extend his loan until the end of the season but Higginbotham rejected the deal saying he wanted to be based closer to his home, and left Portman Road having played 12 matches. After his move to Sheffield United, Higginbotham has stated that his six-year spell at Stoke was 'the best years of his career'.
Later career
On 1 January 2013, Higginbotham signed for Sheffield United on a six-month contract, and made his debut for the club against their South Yorkshire rivals Doncaster Rovers the same day. Former Stoke teammate and current Sheffield United teammate Dave Kitson played a part in Higginbotham's move to Bramall Lane, Higginbotham stated on his move to the club: "I was getting ready to go back to Ipswich on Sunday but after speaking to Dave I was optimistic something would be sorted here and thankfully it was ... I was very surprised and very happy when I got a phone call on Sunday to say that something could be happening here [Sheffield United] ... Dropping into League One isn't a worry for me because this is a club on the up and I didn't want to be stuck at Stoke just picking my money up because that isn't me" On 18 June 2013, having made sufficient first-team appearances for Sheffield United, Higginbotham activated a clause in his contract to extend it for the following season.
On 29 August 2013, Higginbotham joined Conference Premier club Chester on a one-year deal after falling out of the Sheffield United first team. After making 17 appearances for Chester, Higginbotham left the club in order to forge a media career. After leaving Chester, Higginbotham signed for Altrincham of the Conference North, as he wished to continue playing on a part-time basis with fewer travel commitments. Higginbotham had previously stated it was an ambition of his to play for Altrincham, as he had supported them as a boy. He announced his retirement from football on 8 January 2014.
International career
Born and raised in England, Higginbotham was eligible to play for the Gibraltar national team through his maternal grandmother. The former Gibraltar manager, Allen Bula, is his uncle. Higginbotham made his international debut in Gibraltar's first ever match as a UEFA member, a 0–0 draw in a friendly against Slovakia, on 19 November 2013. He was praised for his performance and was named man of the match. He announced his retirement from international football in March 2014, having earned three caps for Gibraltar.
Media career
In February 2013 Higginbotham began to write his own column in The Sentinel, a local newspaper in the North Staffordshire and South Cheshire area. Higginbotham also has a regular sports column in The Independent. He released his autobiography in April 2015, entitled: Rise of the Underdog. He has appeared on several television and radio stations, including Talksport, BBC Radio 5 Live, BT Sport, ESPN, Sky Sports and NBC Sports.
On 17 December 2020 it was announced that Higginbotham would be the new color commentator for the Philadelphia Union starting with the 2021 season.
Personal life
His first child, Jak, was born in 2001. His second child, Jessica, was born on 12 October 2003. His first marriage ended in 2008.
In 2010, he married Nicole, an American, who gave birth to his third child, Joshua, in 2011, and his fourth in 2013.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Manchester United
Intercontinental Cup: 1999
Individual
Derby County Player of the Year: 2001–02
Stoke City Player of the Year: 2006–07
References
General
Specific
External links
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Manchester
British people of Gibraltarian descent
English men's footballers
English expatriate men's footballers
Gibraltarian men's footballers
Gibraltar men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Manchester United F.C. players
Royal Antwerp F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Chester F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
Premier League players
Challenger Pro League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
English expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Gibraltarian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
English autobiographers
English columnists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Higginbotham |
(; English: Most Quarter) is the southwestern quarter of the four quarters of Lower Austria (the northeast state of the 9 states in Austria). It is bordered on the north by the Danube and to the south and west by the state borders of Styria and Upper Austria respectively. The forms the natural border to the east and gives the quarter its second name, "The Quarter over the ".
The name comes from the term , which refers to the perry and cider made in the region. The lands between the Rivers and enjoy favorable conditions for growing fruit trees and are therefore the heart of a flourishing most industry. The Perry tree blossom in April is a regular highlight of the region. Typical in the are vast meadows of mixed orchards surrounding a farmhouse, in the center of which is usually a square courtyard, and the lightly rolling foothills of the Alps.
Business and Industry
Economy
The economy of is still mainly based on iron and steel as well as forestry. In earlier times, when iron ore was still mined at , the work was done in hammer mills; today the steel mills take the half-finished product from the blast furnaces of Linz and and turn it into blades for machines. In the , there is one large sawmill, plus many smaller ones, which process the wood taken from the forests. However, most of the economy is made up of small and mid-sized companies.
Most
In the region, Most (a type of perry or cider) is considered to be of great cultural importance and is seen as an identifying characteristic of the region. is frequently consumed in together with local foods and pastries, and it is also made into schnaps. There is a large variety of s, including those made from pears (the most common variety, a kind of perry), from apples (a kind of or cider), and from a mixture of apples and pears. While the term can also be used to refer to grape must, in the region it refers to the local perry and cider.
Geography
The is made up of the following districts:
south of the Danube
south of the Danube
The City of and
References
External links
Geography of Lower Austria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostviertel |
In nuclear physics, neutron decay may refer to:
Neutron emission by an atomic nucleus
Free neutron decay
Beta decay of a neutron inside an atomic nucleus
Baryon decay, as predicted by grand unified theories, also involves neutron decay | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20decay |
Ernest Mark Pollard (April 15, 1869 – September 24, 1939) was an American Republican Party politician.
He was born in Nehawka, Nebraska on April 15, 1869, and graduated from University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1893. He farmed near Nehawka until he was elected to the Nebraska State house of representatives in 1896. He served until 1899 and then became president of the Nebraska Republican League in 1900.
In 1905 he was elected to the Fifty-ninth United States Congress after the resignation of Elmer J. Burkett who had been elected to the United States Senate. He was reelected to the Sixtieth United States Congress but failed in his 1908 bid for reelection to the Sixty-first United States Congress.
He farmed some and was a delegate to the 1912 Republican National Convention and a member of the Nebraska constitutional convention in 1920 and 1921. He moved to Lincoln, Nebraska and was appointed secretary of the State department of welfare and labor by Nebraska Governor Arthur J. Weaver in January 1929 serving until January 1931. He died there on September 24, 1939, and is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Nehawka.
References
1869 births
1939 deaths
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
Republican Party members of the Nebraska House of Representatives
People from Cass County, Nebraska
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20M.%20Pollard |
Trione-Annadel State Park is a state park of California in the United States. It is situated at the northern edge of Sonoma Valley and is adjacent to Spring Lake Regional Park in Santa Rosa. It offers many recreational activities within its property.
The rock formations of Trione-Annadel have played a central role in its history: its volcanic origins, the Native American use of obsidian, the early 1900s mining of cobblestones, and modern hikers' appreciation of its volcanic rock outcrops.
These lands were occupied by the Wappo and Pomo people in prehistoric times, who would have primarily inhabited the riparian zones and the marsh perimeter. Annadel includes what some biologists consider the best example of undisturbed northern oak woodlands in existence. Visitors can enjoy the park's diverse wildlife and scenery during any time of the year but are perhaps most rewarded from April through June when most wildflowers are in bloom.
The park has gone through two Wildfires in its history, the 2017 Nuns fire that burned the majority of the park and the most recent Glass fire in 2020.
Ecology
Plant communities include California oak woodland, riparian woodland, Douglas fir forest, chaparral, grassland, and marsh. The dominant plant community is the oak woodland, which has a canopy of coast live oak, Garry oak, black oak, Pacific madrone, bigleaf maple, and California laurel. Canyon live oak occurs in swales and creeks. In the oak woodlands, the dominant understory plants are native bunchgrasses, toyon, wild blackberry, coyote brush, and western poison-oak. The latter covers nearly one quarter of the understory in the park. Douglas fir occurs in some of the steeper, cooler riparian zones and on north-facing slopes.
Common animals in Annadel include black-tailed deer, western gray squirrel, raccoon, skunk, and opossum. Bobcat and mountain lion are occasionally observed. There are many bird species, including the California scrub jay, Steller's jay, acorn woodpecker, black phoebe, and dark-eyed junco. In moist areas, amphibians such as the rough-skinned newt can be found.
Hydrology and geology
The southern reaches of Annadel are drained by Yulupa Creek and other tributaries of Sonoma Creek, while the northern flanks are part of the Santa Rosa Creek watershed. Eastern slopes are drained by Yulupa and Sonoma Creeks, while the western slopes are part of the Spring Creek watershed. Many of Annadel's streams are dry in the summer, because rainfall is highly seasonal, with most of the approximately of annual precipitation occurring between October and April. Ledson Marsh, which drains into Yulupa Creek, retains some smaller pools of water throughout most of the year. The highest elevation in the park is the top of Bennett Mountain, .
The entirety of Annadel was below the ocean floor as recently as twelve million years ago, around which time massive uplift and volcanic action formed the massif which comprises the park of today. Elevations in Annadel range from about above sea level. Slopes within Annadel commonly range from 15 to 30 percent, but it is not uncommon to encounter slopes up to 70 percent on steep slopes above drainages which are covered in douglas fir forest. One of the major soil associations within the park is Goulding cobbly clay loam, which contains roughly 25 percent cobblestones with some basaltic exposures, evidence of the volcanic origins of the Sonoma Mountains. Typical soil depths are . Much of the soil type in the Yulupa Creek riparian zone consists of Laniger loam, with rhyolite outcrops, another relic of the igneous history.
History
The Southern Pomo and Southern Wappo peoples inhabited these lands in prehistoric times. No full-scale villages have been discovered within the park boundaries. This site was valuable to the Native American tribes as a source of obsidian, which they used to make scrapers, knives, arrowheads, and spearheads. Archaeological evidence suggests they used the area as a quarry at least as far back as 3000 years. Human use and settlement of this area changed markedly in the late 18th century when the Spanish came to this region. Cattle ranching and farming gradually replaced hunting and gathering.
In 1837, Annadel was part of the Rancho Los Guilicos Mexican land grant. In 1848 the lands of Annadel were purchased by Scottish immigrant William Hood, for whom nearby Hood Mountain was named. In the late 19th century, sheep and cattle grazing was superseded by quarry uses. There was considerable demand for cobblestone material when many west coast cities were being developed, and especially in the reconstruction of San Francisco after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Cobblestone quarry operations were a major source of revenue to the Wymores and the Hutchinsons who were the principal land owners in this area around the year 1900. The park derives its name from Annie Hutchinson, since this locale was once termed "Annie's Dell". In the early 1900s, author Jack London settled nearby in these same Sonoma Mountains, and he based much of his writings on these mountains that he loved.
Demand for cobblestone subsided around the year 1920, since owners of the newly invented automobile expected a smoother ride than that derived from cobblestone streets. Joe Coney began to accumulate land holdings in this area during the 1930s. He used the land for agricultural purposes until the late 1960s, though he also mined perlite, an obsidian product used in the manufacture of certain insulation products. Annadel became part of the California State Park system in the year 1971.
The site of what became Trione-Annadel was being eyed for residential development when Henry Trione and hunting buddy Joe Long of Long's Drugs put together a $5 million package that led ultimately to the site's protection as a park. Trione built his home on the hillside adjacent to Annadel. In 2012, he pitched in another $100,000 to keep the park running under county administration at a time when Annadel and dozens of other parks statewide were threatened with closure because of a budget crisis. It was due to these philanthropic efforts that the State of California ruled in July 2016 to officially change the name to Trione-Annadel State Park.
Practical issues
The main park access is from the north via the city of Santa Rosa. An important secondary access is from the Lawndale Road trailhead in Kenwood, which access is the shortest route to Ledson Marsh. There are of trails for running, hiking, mountain biking, and trail riding. In addition, excellent black bass and bluegill fishing can be found at the park's largest body of water, Lake Ilsanjo. Dogs are not allowed in the park. There is potable water available at the visitor center and in the Channel drive parking lot.
Closure proposal
Annadel was one of 70 California state parks scheduled to close in 2012 by California Governor Jerry Brown. The County of Sonoma took on park operations as a temporary measure to keep it open.
See also
List of California state parks
Matanzas Creek
Sonoma Creek
Sonoma Mountain
References
External links
Trione-Annadel State Park. California Department of Parks & Recreation.
State parks of California
Parks in Sonoma County, California
Sonoma Mountains
Sonoma Valley
Protected areas established in 1971
1971 establishments in California
Bay Area Ridge Trail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trione-Annadel%20State%20Park |
The oberek, also called obertas or ober, is a lively Polish dance. Its name is derived from the Polish obracać się ("to spin"). It consists of many dance lifts and jumps. It is performed at a much quicker pace than the Polish waltz and is one of the national dances of Poland. It is the second-most popular dance in Polish-American music, after the polka.
Polish oberek (Folk)
The oberek, in its original form, is a Polish folk dance and is the fastest of the Five National Dances of Poland. The Five National Dances are: Polonez (Polonaise), Mazur (Mazurka), Kujawiak, Krakowiak and Oberek. The Oberek consists of quick steps and constant turns. The beauty of the oberek depends on each individual dancer's talent of spinning at the fast tempo of the Oberek, which shares some steps with the Mazur.
The music for the oberek was typically performed by a small village band, kapela, dominated by the violin in central Poland.
Polish-American oberek (Social)
The Polish-American oberek is a social dance, originally brought to America by Polish immigrants in late 1800s and early 1900s. This social dance derives from the folk dance oberek; however, the steps are slightly altered and the music is slightly different. Obereks are played by Polka bands throughout the United States.
See also
Mazurka
Krakowiak
Kujawiak
Varsovienne
Redowa
References
External links
About oberek
Polish dances
Triple time dances | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberek |
Zooomr was a website for sharing digital photos.
History
Zooomr was created in 2005 by Kristopher Tate and Michael Van Veen of BlueBridge Technologies Group.
On 19 June 2006 Thomas Hawk, a photographer and blogger from San Francisco, was recruited by Zooomr as its so called "Chief Evangelist." On 17 July 2006 Zooomr released Zooomr 2 which introduced SmartSets, improved geotagging of photos via TagMap, and many enhancements in speed, design and performance. Features such as Notes and Portals were added to Zooomr on 22 August 2006.
In 2012, the web site was updated for Zoomr's 7th anniversary, announcing an "official closed beta" of a new version of the site that would discard "older concepts that kept the previous version of Zooomr too technically deep from every day users". As of 1 March 2015, there has been no further visible update to the site.
As of August 2022, Zooomr now directs to an online gemstone store.
See also
Image hosting service
Photo sharing
References
"Flickr has some catching up to do" Michael Arrington, March 11, 2006
Image-sharing websites
Internet services supporting OpenID | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooomr |
Darren Edward Kenton (born 13 September 1978) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Rochester Rhinos in the USL First Division.
Career
Norwich City
Kenton was born in Wandsworth and started his career at Norwich City in 1997. He played 158 league games and scored nine goals for the Canaries in the old Football League First Division.
Southampton/Leicester City
Kenton signed for Southampton in 2003 on a free transfer. Kenton scored his only goal for Southampton in an FA Cup match against MK Dons on 7 January 2006.
Having been released by Southampton in May 2006, he joined Leicester City on 27 June 2006, a team for which he had previously had a loan spell in 2005.
He started the 2006–07 Championship season as a first-team regular, despite scoring an own goal against West Bromwich Albion in his sixth game for the club. He struggled with injury towards the end of the season. On 31 March 2007 he scored his first goal for the club in a 4–2 defeat away to Stoke City and got his second of the season in a 2–1 loss against Norwich City on 14 April 2007.
On 19 June 2007 Kenton was placed on the transfer list by then manager Martin Allen. However, the injury of Stephen Clemence and James Wesolowski on 23 October 2007 saw a recall into the senior squad, playing in midfield position. He was regularly involved in the first team in November and December 2007.
Leeds United
On 10 January 2008, Kenton joined League One side Leeds United on a one-month loan deal He then had his Leicester contract terminated by mutual consent on 31 January 2008 and he joined Leeds permanently on the same day. He played 12 games for the club as they finished sixth, but he did not play in their play-off campaign and he was released at the end of the season.
Cheltenham Town
On 2 October 2008, Kenton joined Cheltenham Town, he signed at the same time as former Leicester teammate James Wesolowski and linked up with former Leicester manager Martin Allen. He made 13 league appearances before turning down an extended contract and consequently left the club on 6 January 2009. He scored once for Cheltenham, in a 4–3 win over Colchester United.
Rochester Rhinos
After an unsuccessful trial with Toronto FC in February 2009, Kenton joined Rochester Rhinos on a one-year contract on 9 April.
References
External links
Rochester Rhinos bio
Career information at ex-canaries.co.uk
1978 births
Living people
Norwich City F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Premier League players
Rochester New York FC players
USL First Division players
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English expatriate men's footballers
Footballers from Wandsworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren%20Kenton |
WNAX-FM (104.1 MHz, "The Wolf") is a radio station broadcasting a country format. Licensed to Yankton, South Dakota, it serves the Yankton, Vermillion, and Sioux City areas. The station is currently owned by Saga Communications, Inc.
History
The station's original construction permit was granted to Oyate, Inc. on March 16, 1973; the call sign KQHU was issued on April 20, and the station signed on August 9. KQHU was formally licensed on June 11, 1974. In its early years, KQHU programmed popular standards and beautiful music; by 1976, it had pivoted to a blend of top 40 and oldies and was affiliated with the ABC Contemporary Network. The station evolved to adult contemporary by 1984.
Following regulatory issues with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding Oyate's ownership (which resulted in the FCC initiating license revocation proceedings), as well as the bankruptcy of Oyate, KQHU was sold to Flagship Communications for $599,000 in 1988. Flagship's principal owner, Lawrence S. Magnuson, already held an interest in KSCJ in Sioux City, Iowa; that station would come under the Flagship banner in 1989. KQHU's call sign was changed to KBCM on August 20, 1990.
Flagship Communications sold KBCM, which had become a country music station, to Park Communications for $675,000 in 1991; the deal, which paired the station with WNAX, was required because of Flagship's concurrent purchase of KSUX in Winnebago, Nebraska. Park renamed the station WNAX-FM on November 20, 1991, and changed its format to oldies. Saga Communications purchased the WNAX stations from Park for $7 million in 1996.
WNAX-FM changed its call sign to KMXH on September 1, 1998; it then became KCLH on September 25, coinciding with a format shift to classic hits and the addition of Bob & Tom. Though the format was successful in the Sioux City radio ratings and had no issues in attracting advertisers, financial considerations led KCLH to begin simulcasting WNAX's full service blend of news, farm information, and country music on August 21, 2000; also carried were some sports programming and Bill Mack. The WNAX-FM call sign returned on August 30. By 2001, while still simulcasting WNAX in morning drive, WNAX-FM had moved to a full-time country music format the remainder of the day. In June 2007, the station rebranded from "Big Country 104-1" to "The Wolf 104.1".
WNAX-HD2
On August 31, 2018, WNAX-FM launched a second country format, utilizing Saga's "Outlaw" classic country branding, on its HD2 subchannel. The subchannel is branded "99.9 & 104.5 The Outlaw" to reflect its simulcasts on translator stations K260BO (99.9 FM) in Yankton, South Dakota (which previously simulcast WNAX), and K283AG (104.5 FM) in Sioux City (which had previously served as a translator for WNAX-FM's primary programming).
References
External links
The Wolf 104.1 website
µWNAX-FM
Country radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1973
1973 establishments in South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNAX-FM |
The Australian men's national basketball team, nicknamed the Boomers after the slang term for a male kangaroo, represents Australia in international basketball competition.
Since the late 1980s, Australia has been placed among the world elite teams as the Boomers have reached the semi-finals at both Summer Olympic Games and FIBA World Cup on many occasions. Originally a member of the FIBA Oceania region, Australia nowadays competes at the FIBA Asia Cup where the Boomers were the dominant team at their first appearance. The FIBA Oceania Championship mostly consisted of a three-match competition against the other regional power, the New Zealand Tall Blacks.
Before the formation of the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1979, Boomers players were selected from state leagues around the country, with Victoria, South Australia, and to a lesser extent New South Wales the dominant states. After the formation of the NBL, players began to be selected almost exclusively from that competition during the 1980s and 1990s.
Occasionally players were selected from outside the NBL. Mark Bradtke made his Boomers debut in 1987 while attending the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) before he entered the NBL. Luc Longley made his debut in 1988 while playing college basketball in the United States. Other Australian players enter the Euroleague and the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the U.S. The Boomers's roster for the 2014 World Cup included five NBA players: Cameron Bairstow with the Chicago Bulls, Aron Baynes with the San Antonio Spurs, Matthew Dellavedova with the Cleveland Cavaliers, and Dante Exum and Joe Ingles with the Utah Jazz. Three other players who were ruled out of the World Cup due to injury also played or would later play in the NBA, namely Andrew Bogut, Ben Simmons and Patty Mills.
Several players on youth national teams are student athletes at the AIS or in the US college basketball system. Some players (e.g. Longley) made the senior national team while at US schools. By the early 21st century, almost half of the squad played outside Australia. For the 2012 London Olympic Games, only two members of the Australian squad were based in the country – Peter Crawford and Adam Gibson, with the latter being the only Australia-based member of the 2014 World Cup squad.
Australia has participated in the Olympic men's basketball tournaments 15 times. The Boomers won a bronze medal against Slovenia in the 2020 Olympic Games, making Australia the first team from outside the Americas and European regions to ever win a medal at the event. Australia has also participated in 12 FIBA World Cups without winning a medal, making Australia the nation with the third-most appearances at the tournament without winning a medal, behind Canada and Puerto Rico (both 14).
History
Pre-1970s
Australia debuted on the international stage at the 1956 Summer Olympic Games held in Melbourne. Australia did not fare well in the competition, as they defeated only two sides (Singapore and Thailand), finishing 12th. The seeds were sown for Australia to become a regular team in international events.
After not qualifying for the 1960 Summer Olympic Games in Rome, Italy, Australia returned to compete at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games. The Australians improved on their position in Melbourne, to be ranked ninth at the completion of the games. After failing in their bid to qualify for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, the Australians were left in international isolation.
1970–80s
They did not play again in a major international tournament until 1970, when the team qualified for the FIBA World Championship for the first time. The team finished in 12th place, with their sole victory coming over the United Arab Republic.
At the 1972 Munich Olympic Games Australia changed its guards. Lindsay Gaze made his coaching debut, after he had played at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Australia again finished ninth, but close defeats to Czechoslovakia and Spain left the team just a few baskets away from advancing to the second round. Eddie Palubinskas was the holder of the second highest scoring average of the tournament.
At the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, Eddie Palubinskas finished as the top overall scorer, and set three Olympic scoring records, including the most points scored in a single Olympics to that time, with 269 points. The Boomers defeated Mexico, 120–117, in an overtime game, and defeated Japan, 117–79, as they moved to the second round of the tournament for the first time, on their way to an eighth-place finish.
In 1978, the Boomers headed to the Philippines for the 1978 FIBA World Championship. Australia played their most successful tournament to that time, defeating Czechoslovakia, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines (twice), and playing eventual gold medallist Yugoslavia, losing 105–101. The Boomers advanced to the semi-final round, and placed seventh.
In the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, the Boomers played their best Olympic tournament to that date, equalling their 1976 finish of eighth place. The Boomers defeated eventual silver medallist Italy, 84–77, in the preliminary round, but due to a three-way tie with Italy and Cuba, the team failed to advance to the final round, despite 5 wins and 2 losses.
Two years later, the 1982 FIBA World Championship was held in Colombia. The Australians finished in fifth place.
The Boomers were captained at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games by Phil Smyth, and introduced coach Lindsay Gaze’s 19-year-old son, Andrew Gaze, to the world stage. Australia advanced to the second round, following victories over Brazil and West Germany. A loss to Italy, and a 16-point win over Egypt, left the Boomers in a must-win situation against Spain, to advance to the medal round. Spain went up big early in the first half, but the Boomers fought back, ultimately losing by a score of 101–93, ending their medal hopes with an Olympic best seventh-place finish.
Following the 1984 Olympics, Adrian Hurley took over as team coach from Lindsay Gaze.
The 1986 FIBA World Championship was a bit disappointing for Australia. Losses to Uruguay, Angola, and the Soviet Union during group play kept the Boomers from advancing, and the team finished 17th. Due to a FIBA rule allowing one naturalised player per squad at the World Championship, American born point guard Cal Bruton made his Boomers debut at the age of 32.
In 1987, the Boomers faced a home series against the Soviet Union (known as the Wang Superchallenge) and although they lost all 6 games, the team, with all players drawn from the NBL other than Australian Institute of Sport attendee, 6'10" (208 cm) centre / power forward Mark Bradtke who was making his debut for the Boomers as a 17 year old (Bradtke would make his NBL debut in 1988 with the Adelaide 36ers).
Motivated by the 1986 FIBA World Championship, Australia showed up to the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games with quite possibly its most talented roster to that date. Captained by Phil Smyth, the team included Andrew Gaze, Damian Keogh, Darryl Pearce, Ray Borner, and future Chicago Bulls triple NBA Championship winning centre, 7'2" (218 cm) Luc Longley who was attending the University of New Mexico. The Boomers breezed through the first round, losing only to gold medallist Soviet Union and silver medallist Yugoslavia. Finishing third place in their group, Australia advanced to the quarter-finals, where they defeated Spain in a closely fought game, by a score of 77–74, sending the Boomers to their first ever semi-finals. They were beaten by Yugoslavia in the semi-final, and then lost to the United States (including future NBA Hall of Fame player David Robinson), who ended Australia’s dream run with a 78–49 victory in the bronze-medal playoff. Despite the disappointing loss, the Boomers’ fourth-place finish was their best ever result at an Olympic Games (or World Championship) and solidified their status as a rising team.
1990s: Gaze, Heal and Longley
Australia flew off to Buenos Aires for the 1990 FIBA World Championship. Led by Andrew Gaze’s 24.3 points per game, fourth most in the tournament, the team defeated China, Brazil and Argentina (twice) on their way to a respectable seventh-place finish.
At the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, the Boomers looked to prove their fourth-place run at Seoul was no fluke. In the first Summer Olympic Games since the Soviet Union’s dissolution, and the first that FIBA allowed professional basketball players to play in, Australia played to a respectable 4–4 record and sixth place. The 1992 Olympics saw the return of NBA center Luc Longley for the Boomers.
Prior to the 1992 Olympics, the Boomers played in a 3-game home series against a visiting "All-Star" team headlined by NBA and NCAA college basketball legend Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The Boomers won the series 2–1 including attracting a then Australian basketball record 15,000 fans to the National Tennis Centre in Melbourne. The Boomers also played in the 1992 NBL All-Star Game at the AIS Arena in Canberra against the "USA Stars" (made up of import players in the NBL) which was played on 4 July and was promoted as the "Independence Day Challenge". The Boomers won the game 149–132 with Andrew Gaze scoring 43 points.
At the 1994 FIBA World Championship at Toronto, Andrew Gaze starred for the Boomers, leading the tournament with an average of 23.9 points per game. In victories over Puerto Rico, South Korea, and Cuba, Gaze scored 34, 31, and 30 points, respectively. Australia finished with a 5–3 record, and finished the tournament in fifth place. This was Phil Smyth’s last World Championship appearance as a player
Smyth, the teams long-time captain and point guard would play one last time for the Boomers in March 1995 in Game 4 of a 5-game series against the touring Magic Johnson All-Stars in front of a packed house (12,000) at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. The Boomers lost in both Adelaide and Brisbane and were ultimately swept 5–0 by the All-Stars (who included former NBA stars Magic Johnson and Mark Aguirre), they pushed the visitors all the way in Game 3 at the National Tennis Centre, while Games 4 (Sydney) and 5 (Perth Entertainment Centre) went into overtime. The series however saw the Boomers without 4 of their usual starting 5 with only Andrew Vlahov who captained the side playing all 5 games. Missing for the Boomers were Andrew Gaze (playing in Greece), Shane Heal, Mark Bradtke and Luc Longley who was playing for the Chicago Bulls.
The 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games were another solid showing for Australia. Led by Andrew Gaze, and featuring Shane Heal, the team rolled through the early competition, losing only to eventual silver medallist Yugoslavia, and scoring over 100 points in every other preliminary game. In the quarterfinals, the Boomers played a hard fought game against Croatia. The game came down to the wire, as forward Tony Ronaldson hit a 3-pointer to win the game, and advance Australia to the semi-finals. There they met the United States, who were powered by a roster of professional NBA players, and the Boomers were defeated 101–73. Lithuania would defeat Australia in the bronze medal game, and the Boomers equalled their 1988 fourth-place finish.
Just prior to the 1996 Olympics, the Boomers played the USA in a warm up game. The game, played at the Delta Center in Salt Lake City, was won 118–77 by the USA, though Heal topped all scorers with 28 points including hitting 8 of 12 three pointers. Heal had a running battle with NBA superstar Charles Barkley during the game with the two almost coming to blows at one point, though they hugged in mutual respect on-court after the game.
Following their exciting run at Atlanta, the Boomers showed up in Greece, for the 1998 FIBA World Championship with high hopes. Shane Heal and Andrew Gaze both finished among the top five scorers, with averages of 17.0 and 16.9 points per game, respectively; but a loss to the United States knocked Australia out of medal contention. The Boomers finished the tournament respectably with wins over Canada and Brazil, and walked away with ninth place.
2000s: Sydney Olympics, Commonwealth Games and Bogut
The 2000 Summer Olympic Games projected to be an extremely exciting affair for the Boomers, as they played as host in Sydney. Despite losses in both of their first two games, Australia recovered nicely, and won their next four games over Russia, Angola, and Spain, to propel them into the quarter-finals, where they defeated Italy. But Australia’s first basketball medal was not to be, as France won the semi-final match, and Lithuania captured the bronze medal game. Although their goal of medalling was not achieved, the Boomers gave the home crowd plenty to cheer about, on their way to a fourth-place finish.
After failing to qualify for the 2002 FIBA World Championship, the Boomers came into the 2004 Athens Olympic Games hungry for victory. Captained by Shane Heal, and featuring future NBA Draft first pick Andrew Bogut in his international debut, Australia fought hard on their way to a ninth-place finish.
In early 2006, Australia entered the first ever Commonwealth Games basketball competition in their home city of Melbourne and went through the tournament undefeated to claim the gold medal. Later in 2006 at the FIBA World Championship in Japan, Australia was led in scoring by Andrew Bogut, C.J. Bruton, and Jason Smith. Despite their efforts, the Boomers failed to qualify for the playoff rounds, and finished tied for ninth place.
The Boomers entered the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games with one of their more talented rosters to date, which included Andrew Bogut, C.J. Bruton, Captain Matthew Nielsen, and Patty Mills, in his international debut. Despite his youth, Mills had a hot hand, scoring over 20 points on several occasions, and leading the team with an average of 14.2 points per game. Australia made the quarter-finals, but gold medallists United States put the Boomers away late in the game, ending their run with a seventh-place finish.
2010s: Additional NBA players
The Boomers qualified for the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey and placed 10th overall. In 2011, Melbourne-born number one NBA draft pick Kyrie Irving considered declaring his international allegiance to Australia in order to compete in the 2012 Olympics, but eventually opted to wait for international selection for the United States.
Despite Irving declining the offer to represent his country of birth, the Boomers entered the 2012 London Olympic Games with arguably their most talented roster since 2000, though they were missing their star centre Andrew Bogut, who was out with a broken ankle. Australia made the quarter-finals with a 3–2 win–loss record, but gold medallists United States put the Boomers away late in the game, ending their run with a seventh-place finish again.
Following the London Olympics, Brett Brown announced his decision to step down as Boomers head coach, citing his desire to spend more time with his family in the United States. As of December 2012, Basketball Australia was yet to announce his replacement, although one of his assistants, dual National Basketball League championship winning coach with the New Zealand Breakers, Andrej Lemanis, was one of the favourites to win the job.
On 24 April 2013, Lemanis was announced as the new head coach of the Boomers.
By winning the 2013 FIBA Oceania Championship, Australia qualified for the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup in Spain. Australia was drawn into Group D, alongside Lithuania, Slovenia, Angola, Mexico, and South Korea. After suffering an opening round 90–80 loss to Slovenia, Australia bounced back, stringing together three consecutive wins over South Korea, Lithuania and Mexico, the first time in 16 years that Australia had won 3 consecutive matches at the FIBA World Cup. However, in their next match Australia suffered a 91–83 loss to Angola, which came despite leading by 15 points in the middle of the third quarter. This result, combined with Lithuania's 67–64 win over Slovenia, meant that Australia finished third in their group, qualifying for the knockout stage of the tournament.
Because Australia would finish third by losing, and that finishing third would benefit Australia more than finishing second, combined with the absences of fit key players Aron Baynes and Joe Ingles led to allegations that Australia deliberately lost their game against Angola in order to finish third in their group, and as a result, avoid the United States until the semi-finals, with Slovenian basketballer Goran Dragić posting "Basketball is a beautiful sport, there is no room for fixing the game like today Australia vs Angola!! @FIBA should do something about that!" on Twitter. However, these claims were denied by Boomers coach Andrej Lemanis. On 26 November 2014, Australia was cleared of tanking by FIBA.
Australia met World No. 7 Turkey in the knockout stage of the tournament. Australia suffered a 65–64 loss to Turkey, ending their World Cup campaign, meaning that for the 11th World Cup, Australia would return home empty handed.
Leading into the 2016 Rio Olympics, Australia saw a surge in locals being drafted into the NBA. Along with former number 1 NBA draft pick Andrew Bogut, Dante Exum was taken with the fifth pick in the 2014 NBA draft and Ben Simmons was selected with the first pick in the 2016 NBA draft, adding to already established Australian NBA players in Patty Mills, Matthew Dellavedova, Joe Ingles and Aron Baynes. Forward Thon Maker was also drafted with the 10th pick in the 2016 NBA draft. Despite Exum, Maker and Simmons electing not to compete in the 2016 Olympics, the Australians equaled their best ever performance by reaching the semifinals and losing their bronze medal playoff with Spain by one point.
2017: Move into Asian basketball
In August 2015, FIBA announced Australia would be joining the Asian basketball zone for future tournaments, starting with the 2017 FIBA Asia Cup. The Boomers were victorious in their inaugural Asia Cup appearance and turned their attention to 2019 FIBA World Cup qualifiers against Asian opposition. In July 2018, during the 3rd quarter of their game against the Philippines for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Asia), Filipino player Roger Pogoy hit Chris Goulding with a hard foul causing teammate Daniel Kickert to retaliate with an elbow strike which sparked a full-scale brawl between the Australians and the Filipinos. Suspensions and fines were handed off to those involved including players from both teams, Filipino coaches and the referees for failing to control the game. After qualifying for the 2019 FIBA World Cup, Australia reached the semi-finals for the first time and finished the tournament in fourth place.
2020s: Olympic breakthrough and more NBA players
At the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, led by veterans Patty Mills, Joe Ingles, and newcomer, Matisse Thybulle, the Boomers managed to claim their first ever international medal, defeating a Luka Dončić led Slovenia, 107–93. Mills would score 42 points in the decisive match. The Boomers went through the group stage undefeated, and Mills would be named to the tournament All-Star 5. Additional Australian player were drafted into the NBA with first round draft picks including 2020 pick 18 Josh Green, 2021 pick 6 Josh Giddey and 2022 pick 8 Dyson Daniels.
Records
Andrew Gaze holds the record for most appearances with the Boomers at 297 international games. Gaze also holds the record for the most points scored by a Boomer.
The Australian National Basketball Team defeated the United States Team 98–94 in Melbourne, 24 August 2019, for the first time.
Tournament history
A red box around the year indicates tournaments played within Australia
Olympic Games
FIBA World Cup
NB: This competition was known as the FIBA World Championship through the 2010 edition.
FIBA Asia Cup
FIBA Oceania Championship
FIBA Diamond Ball
FIBA Stanković Cup
Commonwealth Games
General results
Australia men's national basketball team 2011–12 results
Australia men's national basketball team 2012–13 results
Australia men's national basketball team 2013–14 results
Australia men's national basketball team 2014–15 results
Team
Current roster
Roster for the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup.
Notable players
Head coach position
Lindsay Gaze – 1972–1984, 1994
Adrian Hurley – 1985–1993
Barry Barnes – 1995–2000
Phil Smyth – 2001
Brian Goorjian – 2001–2008
Brett Brown – 2009–2012
Andrej Lemanis – 2013–2019
Brett Brown – 2019–2020
Will Weaver – 2020
Brian Goorjian – 2021–present
Rob Beveridge – 2022 (interim)
See also
Australian International Player of the Year
Al Ramsay Shield
Australia women's national basketball team
Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team
Australia men's national under-19 basketball team
Australia men's national under-17 basketball team
References
External links
FIBA profile
AustraliaBasket.com – Australia Men Current Squad
Australia Basketball Records at FIBA Archive
Australia Tournament Highlights – 2015 FIBA Oceania Championship Youtube.com video
1947 establishments in Australia
Australia at the Commonwealth Games
Basketball teams established in 1947
Men's national basketball teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%20men%27s%20national%20basketball%20team |
Meerkerk Rhododendron Gardens (53 acres) are nonprofit gardens located at 3531 Meerkerk Lane, Greenbank, Washington. They are open daily; admission is $5.00
The gardens were founded by Ann and Max Meerkerk in the early 1960s on , and served as a site where they collected and hybridized rhododendrons. They gradually expanded the garden to of rhododendrons surrounded by an additional of woodlands. Ann Meerkerk left the gardens to the Seattle Rhododendron Society in 1979.
Today the garden features more than 1,500 varieties of rhododendron species and hybrids.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
External links
Meerkerk Rhododendron Gardens
Botanical gardens in Washington (state)
Parks in Island County, Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkerk%20Rhododendron%20Gardens |
Fish Brewing Company is a brewery in Olympia, Washington, USA. Its products are distributed under the brands Fish Tale Ales, Leavenworth Beers and Spire Mountain Cider in the Pacific Northwest states of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington.
They are currently in receivership as a result of an inability to pay vendors. They carry 4.8 million in debt with 2.6 million in assets. In December 2019, the company was sold to Josh Carrigan and Kate Craig.
External links
Fish Brewing Company official site
References
Companies based in Olympia, Washington
Beer brewing companies based in Washington (state)
1993 establishments in Washington (state)
American beer brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish%20Brewing%20Company |
Hanka Paldum (born 28 April 1956) is a Bosnian sevdalinka singer and founder of the record label Sarajevo Disk. She is regarded as one of the best female sevdah performers of the 20th century and is popular in her home country of Bosnia as well as in the rest of the former Yugoslavia.
Biography
1956–71: Early life and family
Hanka Paldum was born in the eastern Bosnian town of Čajniče to Muslim Bosniak parents Mujo and Pemba. Paldum has an older brother Mustafa and two sisters, Raza and Rasema. Her father was a logger and her mother wove carpets to provide additional financial assistance for the family, as her fathers salary was not enough to carry a family of seven. Hanka, the oldest female child, began helping her mother with housework at the age of five. When Paldum was seven years of age, her parents moved the family from Čajniče to the Vratnik neighbourhood within the Sarajevo municipality of Stari Grad.
Paldum started singing in the first grade, as part of the choir in her primary school. She would continue singing throughout her childhood and recalled in an interview: "We went by train to my aunt's home, my mother's sister in Rudo. There were a lot of tunnels and when the train entered a tunnel, I would sing, and when it come out of the tunnel I stopped, because I was shy. The other passengers would ask who was singing that beautifully, and I just looked out the window as if it did not apply to me. But inside, my heart was leaping with joy."
At the age of twelve, Hanka's brother Mustafa, a member of the Bratstvo (Brotherhood) cultural association, encouraged her to sneak out through her bedroom window and sing at the association events, promising to "cover" for her. She would sing for 15 to 20 minutes and run back home. The director of the House of Culture named Marijan Ravlić, asked her parents to allow her to sing at some local events. Her father allowed it, but with only with the presence of her older brother, Mustafa, who was no less strict than their father. Then Hanka began to sing in amateur contests, which she often won, with the award being chocolate with rice or ten tickets for the cinema. She shared the chocolates, while tickets for the theater remained unused because of her father's strictness.
After three years of struggle, Hanka proved to her parents her passion for music and said she wanted to enroll in a music school. Her father told her she must enroll in a school that would lead to a secure career with which she could find a job that would earn her money. Around that time, Hanka's father, Mujo became gravely ill and soon died of his illness. Her younger brother Mustafa died in 2007 of lung cancer, aged 49.
1972–78: Radio Sarajevo, first recordings, and marriage
Paldum passed an audition at Radio Sarajevo and began voice lessons. After two years of hard work, she made her first archival recordings for Radio Sarajevo. They were sevdalinka songs, a traditional Bosniak genre of folk music. Her first recording was her version of an old sevdalinka song called "Moj behare" (My Blossom). She continued recording and recorded over a hundred sevdalinkas for radio archives.
Paldum recorded and released her first extended play (EP) in 1973, at the age of seventeen, when producer and composer Mijat Božović offered her his partnership in recording two singles "Ljubav žene" (The Love of a Woman) and "Burmu ću tvoju nositi" (I Will Wear Your Wedding Ring) alongside the big folk orchestra Radio-TV Sarajevo. She recorded five more EP's in two years before releasing her debut studio album, I Loved Unfaithful Eyes on 13 February 1974
Also in 1975, Hanka won top prize at the festival of amateur singers called "Pjevamo danu mladosti" (Sing for the Youth Day), with the song "Pokraj puta rodila jabuka" (On the Roadside, a Tree Bore an Apple), written by Mijat Božović. Her prize was a chance to produce a single for the record label Sarajevo Diskoton. This song was not a big hit at the time, but with time it gained moderate success.
She continued her partnership with Mijat Božović, who believed in her talent and that she would become a big folk star. He wrote a song for her called "Voljela sam oči zelene" (I Loved Green Eyes) which in a few months became a big hit; for a long time the song was Hanka's signature song, and is still a hit among people of the former Yugoslavia. There is also a version in Slovenian.
After success with "Voljela sam oči zelene" she performed as a debutante at the Ilidža Festival with the song "Ja te pjesmom zovem" (I Call You with My Song). The song was disqualified because one of the judges at the time, Milan Radić, who was a reporter, thought that the song was not worthy enough to enter the competitive part of the program. However, after the songwriter Julio Marić insisted the song be placed in the competition, Hanka went on to compete. This song became a big hit and has been covered by multiple other artists.
Hanka met her first husband Muradif Brkić, a student of literature at the University of Sarajevo, while she was in high school. After three or four months of friendship, they began dating. They married soon after he graduated from the university in the late 1970s. Shortly thereafter, he went to the mandatory service in the Yugoslav People's Army, and Hanka started her first big Yugoslavian tour with Meho Puzić.
She and her first husband had two children: a daughter Minela and a son named Mirzad. She was pronounced clinically dead when giving birth to their son, but survived.
Hanka started singing in Sarajevo alongside Omer Pobrić, a gifted and popular accordion player, and by doing so gained vocal and performing experience.
1979–82: Voljela sam, voljela, Čežnja, and Sanjam
In 1979, her husband finished his service with the army. Then, with Hanka and Braco Đirlo, founded a record company called "Sarajevo Disk". They signed a rock band called "Vatreni Poljubac" (Burning Kiss) with Milić Vukašinović in the forefront of the band. After hearing Milić's song "Volio sam volio" (I Loved, I Loved), Muradif recommended that Hanka record that song. At first Hanka was hesitant and even Milić wasn't too thrilled about the idea: "I was a bit skeptical at first, but when I heard how Hanka sang that song; when I felt the power and temperament of her voice, I knew we were going to take over Yugoslavia", Milić said. She recorded her version in a 'home studio' owned by innovative producer and ethno-pop composer Nikola Borota – Radovan. Their meeting was instrumental to her career and climb to the stardom. Hanka's interpretation of the song, "Voljela sam, voljela" (I Loved, I Loved), in 1978, sold over a million copies. Hanka became recognized across the country of Yugoslavia and was offered to sing in guest spots and hold her own concerts. She also won many awards and much recognition, including the "Oscar of Popularity", three "Golden Stars", as well as being named the female artist of the year.
The following year, in 1979, after significant success with that single, she recorded another single "Odreću se I srebra I zlata" (I Will Give Up Silver and Gold). At the same time she was preparing a full-length studio album, called Srebro i zlato (Silver and Gold"), named after the song.
Along with Milić Vukašinović as the main songwriter, other recognized names from the world of Yugoslav folk, pop and rock music were present: Goran Bregović, Nikola Borota – Radovan, Bodo Kovačević, Mijat Božović, Blagoje Kosanin. Under Nikola Borota's direction, for the first time in Yugoslavian folk music history, electronic music instruments and pop music arrangements were used, songs had different rhythm section treatment than ever before and as a result Hanka's interpretations were different and original.
With the song "Voljela sam, voljela" and the album Čežnja (1980), she merged folk and rock music. Her work was not received well by music critics, composers and colleagues. They said her music undermined traditional folk music. However, Čežnja was overwhelmingly accepted by the public, broke many industry records, and sold over a million copies, and the songs in new folk-rock manner attracted listeners who had never before listened to her or folk music.
With non-traditional business approach Hanka started attracting the media as well as the public: as the singer promoted the album Čežnja on Opatija festival of music, she also promoted it in Belgrade and had her first solo concert in Dom Sindikata, again musically produced by Nikola Borota – Radovan. Lazar Ristovski was on synthesizers, Džemo Novaković on lead guitar, Sanin Karić was playing bass, two double drum kits were deployed while Ljubiša Pavković and Mico Radovanović were only two traditional instrumentalists present on stage, sharing the lead accordion roles. A tour of Yugoslavia followed, and almost every song from the album became a hit, in particular the songs "Crne kose" (Black Hair), "Zbog tebe" (Because of You), "Čežnja" (Yearning) and "Zbogom" (Farewell).
In 1982, she released the album Sanjam (I’m Dreaming) with Milić Vukašinović as the main songwriter. With this album Milić created his life's work, while Hanka went from a popular singer to a big Yugoslav star. Taking into consideration that her own label "Sarajevo Disk" did not have its own record plant, the album, because of overwhelming demand, was manufactured and distributed by four different companies.
1983–91: Južni Vetar, touring, and acting
Hanka started her tour, and for the first time in folk music, held concerts in big sporting arenas across Yugoslavia. In Belgrade's "Dom sindikata" where, in seven days, she held a record-breaking 14 sold-out solo concerts. Similar to her previous studio album, almost every song on the album became a hit, especially the title song "Sanjam" and "Ja te volim" (It's You I Love). Likewise "Ljubav je radost i bol" (Love is Joy and Pain) and "Voljeni moj" (My Beloved). She received a Yugoslavian star award, four Oscars for popularity in a row, a few female artist of the year awards, a gold plaque for humanist award, and won the following festivals: "Ilidža," "Vogošća," "MESAM," and "Poselu" from 202 Radio Belgrade program.
Hanka has performed at the arenas "Lisinski," in Zagreb, Croatia, "Sava Center," in Belgrade, Serbia, and "Zetra," in Sarajevo, the capital of her home country Bosnia and Herzegovina. She held many humanitarian concerts. She represented Yugoslavia in International Festival in Berlin.
At this time production companies were competing for the rights for Hanka's new material. Hanka with help from her husband Muradif chose Belgrade's "Jugodisk." It was said that the bonus she received from Jugodisk is the highest in history of Yugoslavia. In 1983, she released the album Dobro došli prijatelji (Welcome Friends) again teaming up with songwriter Milić Vukašinović.
The next album, Tebi ljubavi (For You, My Love) was released in 1984, which was a tremendous success. The songs were written by Mišo Marković. The biggest hit off the album was the ballad "Ali pamtim još" (But I Still Remember).
In 1985, with composer Miodrag Ilić and ensemble Južni Vetar (Southern Wind) she recorded the album Nema kajanja (No Regrets). With this album she dominated the popular oriental folk genre, and made it one of the most successful albums of the year.
Once again, she went back to the studio with Milić Vukašinović in 1986 and recorded the album Bolno srce (Aching Heart), which brought many hits including a win at the festival of folk music "Vogošća" with the title song "Bolno srce." On this album she also recorded a sevdalinka called "Sjećaš li se djevo bajna" (Do You Remember the Stellar Maiden) with accordion player, Milorad Todorović.
She had a cameo in the Benjamin Filipović film Praznik u Sarajevu (Holiday in Sarajevo, 1991) in a scene with Emir Hadžihafizbegović.
Paldum married for the second time to a man named Fuad Hamzić. It also ended in divorce. She later called the marriage a "mistake".
1992–95: Break up of Yugoslavia
When Yugoslavia broke up and went into war, Paldum spent the entirety of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo between 1992 and 1995.
1996–2008: Nek’ je od srca and Žena kao žena
Paldum collaborated with Hari Varešanović, lead singer of the band Hari Mata Hari, on her 1999 album Nek’ je od srca (Let It Be From the Heart.) They recorded the hit song "Crni snijeg" (Black Snow) together. The ballad "Svaka rijeka moru stići će" (Every River Will Reach the Sea) was called the 'best song of the year' by radio stations.
In November 2004, she held a major concert in the Zetra Arena, marking three decades of her career. Guests included Halid Bešlić, Alka Vuica, Josipa Lisac, Esma Redžepova, Saša Matić and Milić Vukašinović.
She continued to release hit songs later in her career, such as "Žena kao žena" (A Woman Like a Woman), "Što da ne" (Why Not), "Sarajevo" and "Dođi" (Come Here) in 2006, released on the studio album Žena kao žena under the label Hayat Production. The ballad "Mojoj majci" (To My Mother) was the biggest hit off the album.
2008–14: Sevdah je ljubav and Što svaka žena sanja
On 7 November 2012, during a humanitarian concert in Zenica, Paldum and Serbian singer Dragana Mirković first publicly sang their duet "Kad nas vide zagrljene" (When They See Us Embrace.) The song officially premiered one year later on 26 November 2013, when the music video was released. The video shows Paldum in Sarajevo singing about Bosnia and Mirković in Belgrade singing about Serbia. Near the end of the video they meet on Stari Most in Mostar, embrace, and dance. Their video was featured prominently in Bosnian and Serbian media.
Later career
Paldum took part in the 16th-night show (on 7 August) of Zenica summer fest 2019 by giving 2-hour soloist performance on Zenica city square.
Personal life
Marriages and children
Paldum's first marriage was to Muradif Brkić, director of the record label Sarajevo Disk. Their 1976 wedding took place in his hometown Duvno. Paldum had two children with Brkić: daughter Minela (born 1981) and son Mirzad (born 1985). She was pronounced clinically dead while giving birth to Mirzad, but survived.
Paldum's son Mirzad has had several brushes with the law. In 2006, he ran into a pedestrian while on his motorcycle; on 26 February 2011, he was injured during a shooting in Sarajevo; and on 14 January 2014, three women were heavily injured when he ran them over while under the influence of amphetamines. Paldum sent him to a drug rehabilitation center in Germany. In November 2014, he was arrested after police found a pistol and heroin in his possession. Paldum kicked him out of her house after this incident saying that her "soul hurted" but she had no other options. On 7 September 2021, Mirzad got arrested by Neum Police officers for attempting to rape a female tourist. Since then he has been sent to Mostar.
Torture allegations
In January 2013, Goran Golub, a Serb former captive in the Silos concentration camp accused Paldum of torturing him on 10 February 1993 during the Bosnian War. Golub said that while he was a prisoner in the camp, Paldum and fellow Bosnian singer Dino Merlin were to perform for the soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Igman mountain, where Silos was located. On that day, Golub alleges to have seen Paldum walking around the camp wearing an army outfit, when she saw him looking at her, he claims she approached him and yelled "What are you looking at?" When he didn't reply, he then claims Paldum asked him, "Do you wanna fuck me? Is that it?" When he didn't reply again, he alleges that Paldum ordered him to sit down and spread his legs, then he claims that she stepped on his genitals with all her strength. Golub further claims that that sexual torture is why he never married and that he thinks of the torture every time he urinates. Paldum denied the allegations and further stated that she had never even been in Silos during the war. She did state that the first time she left the city of Sarajevo during the siege and war was on 6 September 1993, not long after the Sarajevo Tunnel opened. She went to the Igman mountain with several singers, one of which was Dino Merlin, to perform for the Bosnian soldiers. When asked if she had seen or had any contact with Serb prisoners during the war, she said "No! Never, never!" After the concert, she and the other singers were brought back to the city of Sarajevo with a helicopter.
The allegations created a whirlwind of media attention in the former Yugoslav countries. Serbian singer Jelena Karleuša offered her support to Paldum during a television appearance on Pink BH.
Paldum filed a lawsuit against Golub's lawyer Duško Tomić in March 2013 for false accusations of war crimes and torture. That same month she was quoted as saying: "As for me, I cannot wait for an investigation to be launched into the allegations that the media highlighted and I wish to clear this stain off my name and prove that I am innocent. I cannot wait for all this to be over."
DiscographyVoljela sam oči nevjerne (1974)Srebro i zlato (1979)Sjajna zvijezdo (1980)Čežnja (1980)Sanjam (1982)Dobro došli prijatelji (1983)Tebi ljubavi (1984)Nema kajanja (1985)Bolno srce (1986)Gdje si dušo (1988)Kani suzo izdajice / Tako me uzbuđuješ (1989)Vjetrovi tuge (1990)Nek’ je od srca (1999)Džanum (2001)S' kim si – takav si (2003)Žena kao žena (2004)Što svaka žena sanja (2013)
Filmography
FilmPraznik u Sarajevu (Holiday in Sarajevo, 1991)
TelevisionNë orët e vona (At Late Hours, 1982)Nad lipom 35 (Under the Linden, 2006)Lud, zbunjen, normalan (Crazy, Confused, Normal'', 2009–12); 2 episodes
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
People from Čajniče
Bosnia and Herzegovina women singers
Yugoslav women singers
Sevdalinka
Hayat Production artists
21st-century Bosnia and Herzegovina women singers
20th-century Bosnia and Herzegovina women singers
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanka%20Paldum |
James Anthony Hazeldine (4 April 1947 – 17 December 2002) was a British television, stage and film actor and director.
Early life
Hazeldine was born the son of a dustman in Salford, Lancashire, where he grew up on a council estate. As a child, he became obsessed with the films of director Elia Kazan. At the age of 11, he found out that Kazan had started his career as an actor and stage manager, he decided to do the same. Following the death of his mother, he left school when he was 15. He was accepted as a student assistant stage manager at Salford Repertory where he soon started taking on small acting roles. Seasons at Liverpool Playhouse, Newcastle Playhouse and Manchester Library Theatre followed.
Stage work
At the age of 20, Hazeldine made his London debut at the Royal Court Theatre in Sloane Square. Initially hired to understudy as Cliff in Look Back In Anger, Hazeldine soon started taking on small roles in Edward Bond's Narrow Road to the Deep North and Early Morning. He worked constantly at the Royal Court during the 1969–1970 season. Spotting Hazeldine's potential, Peter Gill then cast him in his play Over Gardens Out and went on to direct him in Crete and Sergeant Pepper by John Antrobus.
Although Hazeldine was rarely cast in starring roles, he became noted as an exceptionally honest and truthful actor who after his inductory season at the Royal Court was regularly seen in new plays, e.g. The Old Ones by Arnold Wesker, The Foursome by EA Whitehead and Cato Street by Peter Gill. In 1981 he joined the Royal Shakespeare Company for a season to appear in productions of Troilus and Cressida, Timon of Athens, Richard III and Edward Bond's play The Fool.
In 1984 Hazeldine made his Broadway debut as Sam Evans in Strange Interlude with Glenda Jackson. He returned to New York in 1998 when he played Harry Hope in The Iceman Cometh starring Kevin Spacey. His last stage performance was that of the guilt-ridden Joe Keller in Arthur Miller's All My Sons (2000), praised by John Peter of the Sunday Times as "the subtlest and most harrowing performance of his career."
Television and film
Hazeldine was also a prolific television actor who is probably best known for his role as firefighter Mike "Bayleaf" Wilson in the LWT drama London's Burning. He played the role from 1986 to 1996 and also directed some episodes.
Other major TV roles include that of Frank Barraclough in the 1973–1975 drama series Sam and the role of journalist Tom Crane in the 1979 paranormal thriller series The Omega Factor. He also starred in the children's series Chocky (1984) and its sequels Chocky's Children (1985) and Chocky's Challenge (1986), all scripted by one of The Omega Factor's writers, Anthony Read. In 1983 he played the part of Kidder in Willy Russell's five part Channel 4 drama One Summer, also starring David Morrissey. In the later 1980s Hazeldine had major roles in two BBC comedy dramas: as haulage firm owner Picard in Truckers (1987) and as Bernie in Streets Apart (1988–1989). In 1993 he played Reg Manston in the Heartbeat episode "Bitter Harvest". In 1999, He played Austin Danforth in the ITV drama The Last Train and in 2001 he appeared as Ivan Braithwaite in Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years. In September 1996 he directed the Heartbeat episode "Forget Me Not".
Hazeldine also appeared in Granada Television's production of "The Musgrave Ritual", as part of ITV's The Return of Sherlock Holmes series, as Richard Brunton, alongside Jeremy Brett, as well as the Miss Marple story "The Murder at the Vicarage", as Lawrence Redding, alongside Joan Hickson, Paul Eddington and Cheryl Campbell. Shortly before he died, Hazeldine played DI Stan Egerton in the ITV television drama Shipman (2002).
His film credits are less numerous. Hazeldine made his screen debut as Stalin in Nicholas and Alexandra (1971). His credits also include The National Health (1973), The Medusa Touch (1978) and Pink Floyd – The Wall (1982).
Death
Hazeldine was taken ill on 10 December 2002, a day after portraying Sigmund Freud in Christopher Hampton's play The Talking Cure at the Cottesloe Theatre.
He died one week later of an aortic dissection, caused by complications from a triple heart bypass he had received six months earlier. Following Hazeldine's death, Trevor Nunn, director of the Royal National Theatre, described him as "a leading actor of minutely observed truthfulness, comic brio and emotional daring" who "was also a man of infectious enthusiasm, great warmth and humanity who was universally popular amongst his colleagues".
Stage appearances
Narrow Road to the Deep North (1969)
Early Morning (1969)
Over Gardens Out (1969)
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1970)
The Old Ones (1972)
Cato Street
The Foursome (1971)
Three Months Gone (1972)
Crete and Sergeant Pepper (1972)
As You Like It
Troilus and Cressida (1981)
Richard III (1981)
The Fool (1981)
Timon of Athens (1981)
The Love-Girl and the Innocent (1981)
Guys and Dolls (1983)
The Beggar's Opera (1983)
Way Upstream (1983)
Schweyk in the Second World War (1983)
The Importance of Being Earnest (1983)
The Spanish Tragedy (1983)
A Map of the World (1983)
Major Barbara (1983)
Kick For Touch (1983)
Small Change (1983)
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1983)
Other Place (1983)
Lorenzaccio (1983)
The Rivals (1983)
You Can't Take It With You (1983)
The Trojan War Will Not Take Place (1983)
The Fawn (1983)
One Woman Plays (1983)
Tales from Hollywood (1983)
Glengarry Glen Ross (1983)
Strange Interlude (1984)
The Daughter-in-Law
This Story of Ours (1987)
Chips With Everything (1997)
The Iceman Cometh (1998)
All My Sons (2000)
Partial filmography
Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) - Stalin
The Ruling Class (1972) - Fraser
The National Health (1973) - Student Doctor
Stardust (1974) - Brian
The Medusa Touch (1978) - Lovelass
Exchange and Divide (1980) - Kenneth Carr
Pink Floyd – The Wall (1982) - Lover
London's Burning (1986; TV pilot movie) - Mike 'Bayleaf' Wilson
Business as Usual (1988) - Mark
A Small Dance (1991) - Brian Matkin
Emma (1996) - Mr Weston
Eisenstein (2000) - Jack Marshall (voice)
References
External links
1947 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from aortic dissection
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male film actors
Male actors from Salford
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hazeldine |
Robert Lorenzo Brazile Jr. (born February 7, 1953) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). Nicknamed "Dr. Doom", Brazile played from 1975 to 1984 for the Houston Oilers and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2018.
Professional career
Brazile was taken with the sixth pick of the first round of the 1975 NFL Draft. It was part of the bounty Sid Gillman acquired along with Curley Culp when he traded John Matuszak to the Kansas City Chiefs. However, it would be new head coach/general manager Bum Phillips who made the selection.
Phillips' arrival in Houston also brought a change in the base defense the Oilers ran, switching from a 4-3 to a 3-4. The 3-4 would prove to be a perfect fit for Brazile's combination of size (6'4", 230 lbs) and great speed. While most cite Lawrence Taylor as the prototype of the pass-rushing outside linebacker in the NFL, there are some, including Phillips, who say Brazile was the one who first made the 3-4 popular for sending an outside linebacker to rush the quarterback. Brazile also performed well in pass coverage and against the run, consistently ranking at or near the top for the team lead in tackles even though opponents often avoided his side of the field.
Brazile found immediate success with the Oilers, winning the NFL's Defensive Rookie of the Year award for the 1975 season. He was named to the Pro Bowl seven straight seasons, was All-Pro five straight seasons (1976–80), and was selected to the NFL's All-Decade Team for the 1970s. In 1978 and 1979, Brazile was a key member of Oilers teams that went to back-to-back AFC Championship games.
After a third straight postseason loss in 1980, Phillips was fired by Oilers owner Bud Adams and the team entered a period of steep decline. The constant losing wore on Brazile and caused him to contemplate retiring. However, he has said it was the death of his first wife, Cookie, in a car wreck in Houston in 1984, that made the decision for him.
Officially, Brazile finished his career with 11 quarterback sacks. Unofficially, his career sack total is 48 (sacks did not become an official NFL statistic until 1982). He is also credited with 1,281 tackles, the second highest total in Houston Oilers / Tennessee Titans history.
On August 24, 2017, Brazile and former Green Bay Packers guard Jerry Kramer were named as seniors committee finalists for the Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 2018. He was announced as member of the class of 2018 on February 3, 2018. Robert Brazile was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame on Saturday, August 4, 2018, and his bust was sculpted by Scott Myers.
On October 14, 2018, Brazile was inducted to the Titans-Oilers Ring of Honor.
NFL career statistics
Regular season
Postseason
Post-football
After retiring from the NFL, Brazile, along with ex-Oiler teammate Ken Burrough, coached for a minor league pro team in Mobile, Alabama. After needing quadruple bypass heart surgery in 2004, Brazile gave up coaching and became a middle-school teacher for children with special needs in Mobile. He has also become an avid tennis player. When asked if his old "Dr. Doom" persona ever comes out on the tennis court, he's quoted as saying laughingly, "No more Dr. Doom," "Just Robert Brazile."
In 2007, Brazile was inducted into the Bancorp Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame.
References
1953 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Houston Oilers players
Jackson State Tigers football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award winners
Players of American football from Mobile, Alabama
Vigor High School alumni
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Brazile |
Julian Kevin Joachim (born 20 September 1974) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is an advisor at Europa Point in the Gibraltar National League.
During his professional career he initially played from 1992 until 2011, but he came out of retirement in 2013. Joachim notably played in the Premier League for Leicester City and Aston Villa, having also played in the Football League for Coventry City, Leeds United, Walsall, Boston United and Darlington and was capped nine times by England U21, scoring one goal. Over the course of his career in professional football, he scored over 100 league goals and accumulated over 450 league appearances and played in the 2000 FA Cup final.
Since 2008 he has been a non-league football journeyman and has played for King's Lynn, Thurmaston Town, Quorn, Hinckley United, Holbeach United, Coalville Town, Oadby Town, Shepshed Dynamo, Holwell Sports, Newark Town, Radcliffe Olympic, Aslockton & Orston and Bourne Town.
Playing career
Joachim came through the youth system at Leicester City, and went on to score the club's first ever Premier League goal on the opening day of the 1994–95 season in a 3–1 home defeat to Newcastle United.
He was sold to Aston Villa in 1996 for £1.5 million, making his debut for them as a substitute against Wimbledon on 24 February 1996. He was cup-tied for their victory in the 1996 Football League Cup final having played in the competition for Leicester City earlier that season. Playing for Villa, he appeared in the 2001 American crime thriller, Hannibal, briefly seen on a TV screen playing in the background. After five seasons in the Premiership, Joachim dropped down a division to play for the relegated Coventry City in a deal that saw Villa exchange Joachim plus £2 million for Mustapha Hadji.
In 2004 Joachim moved to Leeds United, a club heavily in debt and in the process of rebuilding an inexpensive team, on a free transfer. He made 10 starts and 17 substitute appearances in the league for Leeds that year, but could only deliver two goals before being loaned out to Walsall for the final two months of the season.
After turning down Walsall he dropped down another division to League Two. Joachim spent the 2005–06 season with Boston United whom he joined in July 2005. He moved to another League Two side, Darlington, for a club record fee of £100,000 on 14 August 2006. Despite making 40 league appearances and scoring 9 goals as Darlington reached the play-offs, Joachim was released at the end of the 2007–08 season. He subsequently moved into non-league football, signing with newly promoted Conference North side King's Lynn in June 2008.
Budget cuts following King's Lynns's demotion to the Northern Premier League Premier Division in May 2009, resulted in Joachim not being offered fresh terms for the 2009–2010 season. Local reports in June 2009 linked him with a return Boston United. He briefly played as an amateur in the Leicestershire Senior League for Thurmaston Town at the start of the 2009–10 season, but a couple of weeks later he signed semi professional terms with Quorn. Joachim signed on for United Counties League Premier Division side Holbeach United for the 2010–11 season.
On 14 July 2011 Joachim, aged 36, re-signed for Boston United on non-contract basis. On 26 August 2011, after making just two appearances (one in the league), Joachim was released after failing to impress in his second spell with the Pilgrims.
In August 2013 Joachim, aged 38, came out of retirement and re-signed with United Counties League Premier Division side Holbeach United for the 2013–14 season. He made three appearances for the club (scoring once), before finishing the season with Oadby Town.
On 17 October 2014 Joachim signed for Midland League Premier Division side Shepshed Dynamo. He made 15 appearances for the club in all competitions.
In the 2015–16 season Joachim played for Holwell Sports in the East Midlands Counties League, scoring ten goals in 36 appearances in all competitions.
On 14 July 2016 Joachim signed for Newark Town. He scored eight goals in eleven games for the Blues, before finishing the 2016–17 season with Midland Football League side Montpellier.
At the start of the 2017–18 season Joachim signed for East Midlands Counties League side Radcliffe Olympic. He made 40 appearances for the club in all competitions, scoring four goals.
On 5 July 2018 Joachim signed for Nottinghamshire Senior League side Aslockton & Orston, scoring 33 goals in 39 appearances in all competitions. A year later, he joined Gibraltar National League side Europa Point as a player and advisor, as part of the club's collaboration with Player Trader. However, he departed the club in October without playing a game, joining Bourne Town that month.
International career
Joachim starred in the England National Under-18 side that won the European U-18 Championships in 1993.
He also had nine England Under-21 caps to his name before he was called up by St. Vincent and the Grenadines to represent them at senior level. However at that time, due to him playing for England at U21 level he was ineligible to play for the Caribbean team, only being informed of this upon arrival in St. Vincent for a World Cup qualifier in April 2000.
He was part of England's U20 squad that finished third at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia. He scored England's winning goal in their 2–1 third place play-off win over Australia at the Sydney Football Stadium.
References
External links
England FA profile
Profile and stats at FoxesTalk
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Peterborough
English men's footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
England men's youth international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Leicester City F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Europa Point F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Boston United F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
King's Lynn F.C. players
Quorn F.C. players
Hinckley United F.C. players
Holbeach United F.C. players
Coalville Town F.C. players
GNG Oadby Town F.C. players
Shepshed Dynamo F.C. players
Holwell Sports F.C. players
Newark Town F.C. players
Radcliffe Olympic F.C. players
Bourne Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
National League (English football) players
English people of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines descent
East Midlands Counties Football League players
United Counties League players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Joachim |
The (ENS LSH) was an elite French grande école specialising in the arts, humanities and social sciences. It was one of two (ENS) to be based in Lyon; the two came together in 2010 with the creation of the new .
History
The ENS LSH had its origins in two that were founded in 1880 and 1882, located in Fontenay-aux-Roses (for female students) and Saint-Cloud (for male students), both near Paris. In 1981, both became coed. As part of France's process of decentralisation, the scientific departments moved to Lyon in 1987, with the creation of the ; humanities students remained in what was now called the ENS de Fontenay/St Cloud. In 2000 the humanities were transferred to the newly created , also located in the Gerland district of Lyon's 7th arrondissement. The and the merged on 1 January 2010, retaining the name .
Overview
The ENS LSH carried out teaching and research across a range of disciplines in the arts, humanities and social sciences, with teaching concentrated on final-year undergraduate, Masters and PhD levels, and research conducted through different research groups and centres, many organised in conjunction with the CNRS. Part of its mission was to train future university professors and researchers, as well as high school and classes préparatoires teachers, through preparation of students for the agrégation, France's highest-level teaching qualification. All of the ENS LSH's teaching and research programmes, as well as its international partnerships and other activities, were transferred in 2010 to the new .
See also
École Normale Supérieure
References
External links
Official website
Lettres et Sciences Humaines
Universities and colleges in Lyon
7th arrondissement of Lyon
Grandes écoles
Educational institutions established in 1987
1987 establishments in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole%20normale%20sup%C3%A9rieure%20de%20lettres%20et%20sciences%20humaines |
The Answers is the first album by Blue October. It was recorded in October 1997, at Sound Arts Studio in Houston, Texas. It was released in the United States, during January 1998, by RoDan Entertainment/Scoop. It is Blue October's only album featuring founding member and bass guitarist Liz Mullally, who also played piano on the album.
For several years the band was not allowed to sell the album on its website or at concerts because of its contract with Universal Records. The album was only available by mail order directly from RoDan (Justin and Jeremy Furstenfeld's parents Roann and Dan Furstenfeld, who managed the band at the beginning) until an agreement was reached in 2005.
The album was re-released in the US by Universal Records in 2008. However, the re-released version was packaged in a digipak and did not include the booklet that accompanied the original version of the album. The Answers was also originally released on cassette tape in addition to CD. Cassette versions of the album are extremely rare, and have become collectors items among Blue October fans.
Between January and April 2018, the album became unavailable on various streaming services, such as Apple Music and Spotify. The reason for this change is unknown, but the rest of the band's catalogue remains on the platforms.
Many of the songs on the album deal with themes of depression, including "Black Orchid", which is about suicide.
Track listing
All songs were written by Justin Furstenfeld.
Personnel
Brian Baker - producer, engineer, mastering, mixing
Adrian Garcia - assistant engineer
Jeff Wells - mastering
Ryan Delahoussaye - mandolin, violin
Jeremy Furstenfeld - percussion, drums
Justin Furstenfeld - lyricist, guitars, vocalist, piano, drums
Liz Mullaly - bass guitar, piano
References
1998 debut albums
Blue October albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Answers |
Abbie de Quant (born 1946, The Hague) is a Dutch flautist. She taught at the music academies of Amsterdam and Utrecht and had her own bi-annual concert series at the Concertgebouw of Amsterdam.
Abbie de Quant studied with Koos Verheul at the Music Academy of Tilburg and graduated summa cum laude in 1970. She took a masterclass at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena with Severino Gazzelloni, where she received the Di Onore diploma.
As a soloist, De Quant has performed with nearly all Dutch orchestras. She won prizes at many national and international competitions. De Quant performs with pianists Elizabeth van Malde, Bart Berman, and Bernd Brackman, and with other instrumentalists and vocalists.
Among her many students are Caroline Ansink, Karin Bastings, Anne Brackman, Albert Brouwer, Felicia van den End, Herman van Kogelenberg, Marilou Krouwel, and Eleonore Pameijer.
Discography
1960s & 1970s
1966 Ton de Leeuw: Night music for flute (Composers' Voice)
197? Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: Flute Concerto in G major (EMI)
1972 Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: Concerto for flute, strings and harpsichord in D minor (EMI)
1973 Opus 72: An anthology of new Dutch music that made its mark in 1972 (Radio Nederland)
1975 Works for flute and harp (EMI)
1976 Otto Ketting: Time machine (Composers' Voice)
1976 Opus 75: Dutch avant-garde music that came to prominence in 1975 (Radio Nederland)
1980s & 1990s
198? Sonata for flute and piano (Composers' Voice)
1981 Flute music (Composers' Voice)
1987 Transcriptions & variations for flute and harp (A-Selectie)
1993 Concertos for flute and oboe (Voorzieningsfonds voor Kunstenaars)
1993 Caroline Ansink, Lucebert: Oh beminnelijk litteken (Erasmus)
1995 Philippe Gaubert: Sonata (Erasmus)
1998 Kanzone: Romantic music for flute and piano (Etcetera)
1998 Huub Oosterhuis: Groter dan ons hart (Leerhuis en Liturgie)
2000s
2000 Sunday afternoon concerts in the Amstelkerk (Brigadoon Vocal)
2002 Serenade – Songs without words (Etcetera)
2006 Hommage à Poulenc (FineLine)
2009 Music in Motion (FineLine)
References
External links
Official Website of Abbie de Quant (Dutch and English)
Abbie de Quant at Notes on Franz Schubert (English)
1946 births
Living people
Dutch flautists
Dutch classical musicians
Women flautists
Musicians from The Hague
Academic staff of the Utrecht School of the Arts
Academic staff of the Conservatorium van Amsterdam
Musicians from Amsterdam | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbie%20de%20Quant |
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