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The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. 317 competitors, 254 men and 63 women, took part in 154 events in 19 sports. Medalists The USSR finished second in the final medal rankings, with 30 gold and 96 total medals. Gold Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's floor exercise Boris Shakhlin — Artistic gymnastics, men's horizontal bar Larisa Latynina, Polina Astakhova, Tamara Manina, Elena Volchetskaya, Tamara Zamotailova, Lyudmila Gromova — Artistic gymnastics, women's team competition Polina Astakhova — Artistic gymnastics, women's uneven bars Tamara Press — Athletics, women's discus throw Romuald Klim — Athletics, men's hammer throw Valery Brumel — Athletics, men's high jump Irina Press — Athletics, women's pentathlon Tamara Press — Athletics, women's shot put Stanislav Stepashkin — Boxing, men's featherweight Boris Lagutin — Boxing, men's light-middleweight Valery Popenchenko — Boxing, men's 71–75 kg Andrei Khimich, Stepan Oshchepkov — Canoeing, men's C-2 1000 m Lyudmila Khvedosyuk-Pinaeva — Canoeing, women's K-1 500 m Nikolai Chuzhikov, Anatoli Grishin, Vyacheslav Ionov, Vladimir Morozov — Canoeing, K-4 1000 m Grigori Kriss — Fencing, men's épée individual Viktor Zhdanovich, Yuri Sharov, Yuri Sisikin, German Sveshnikov, Mark Midler — Fencing, men's foil team Boris Melnikov, Nugzar Asatiani, Mark Rakita, Yakov Rylsky, Umar Mavlikhanov — Fencing, men's sabre team Albert Mokeev, Igor Novikov, Viktor Mineev — Modern pentathlon, men's team competition Oleg Tyurin, Boris Dubrovskiy — Rowing, men's double sculls Vyacheslav Ivanov — Rowing, men's single sculls Galina Prozumenschikova-Stepanova — Swimming, women's 200 m breaststroke Yuri Chesnokov, Yuri Vengerovsky, Eduard Sibiryakov, Dmitry Voskoboinikov, Vazha Katcharava, Stanislav Lyugailo, Vitali Kovalenko, Yuri Poyarkov, Ivan Bugaenkov, Nikolai Burobin, Valery Kalachikhin, Georgi Mondzolevsky — Volleyball, men's team Leonid Zhabotinsky — Weightlifting, men's heavyweight Aleksei Vakhonin — Weightlifting, men's bantamweight Rudolf Plyukfelder — Weightlifting, men's light-heavyweight Vladimir Golovanov — Weightlifting, men's middle-heavyweight Alexander Ivanytsky — Wrestling, men's freestyle heavyweight Alexander Medved — Wrestling, men's freestyle light-heavyweight Anatoli Kolesov — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman welterweight Silver Tamara Manina — Artistic gymnastics, women's balance beam Viktor Lisitsky — Artistic gymnastics, men's floor exercise Polina Astakhova — Artistic gymnastics, women's floor exercise Yuri Titov — Artistic gymnastics, men's horizontal bar Boris Shakhlin — Artistic gymnastics, men's individual all-round Viktor Lisitsky — Artistic gymnastics, men's individual all-round Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's individual all-round Boris Shakhlin, Yuri Titov, Viktor Lisitsky, Yury Tsapenko, Sergei Diomidov, Viktor Leontyev — Artistic gymnastics, men's team competition Viktor Lisitsky — Artistic gymnastics, men's vault Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's vault Rein Aun — Athletics, men's decathlon Oleg Fyodoseyev — Athletics, men's triple jump Valdis Muizhniek, Nikolai Bagley, Armenak Alachachian, Aleksandr Travin, Vyacheslav Khrynin, Jānis Krūmiņš, Levan Moseshvili, Yuri Korneev, Aleksandr Petrov, Gennadi Volnov, Jaak Lipso, Yuris Kalnyns — Basketball, men's team Velikton Barannikov — Boxing, men's lightweight Yevgeny Frolov — Boxing, men's light-welterweight Rikardas Tamulis — Boxing, men's welterweight Aleksei Kiselyov — Boxing, men's light-heavyweight Imant Bodnieks, Viktor Logunov — Cycling Track, men's 2000 m tandem Lyudmila Shishova, Valentina Prudskova, Valentina Rastvorova, Tatyana Petrenko-Samusenko, Galina Gorokhova — Fencing, women's foil team Igor Novikov — Modern pentathlon, men's individual competition Shota Kveliashvili — Shooting, men's 300 m free rifle 3 positions Pavel Senichev — Shooting, men's trap Georgi Prokopenko — Swimming, men's 200 m breaststroke Antonina Ryzhova, Astra Biltauer, Ninel Lukanina, Lyudmila Buldakova, Nelli Abramova, Tamara Tikhonina, Valentina Kamenek-Vinogradova, Inna Ryskal, Marita Katusheva, Tatyana Roshchina, Valentina Mishak, Lyudmila Gureeva — Volleyball, women's team Yury Vlasov — Weightlifting, men's heavyweight Vladimir Kaplunov — Weightlifting, men's lightweight Viktor Kurentsov — Weightlifting, men's middleweight Guliko Sagaradze — Wrestling, men's freestyle welterweight Anatoli Roshchin — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman super heavyweight Vladlen Trostyansky — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman bantamweight Roman Rurua — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman featherweight Bronze Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's balance beam Polina Astakhova — Artistic gymnastics, women's individual all-round Yury Tsapenko — Artistic gymnastics, men's pommel horse Boris Shakhlin — Artistic gymnastics, men's rings Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's uneven bars Anatoly Mikhailov — Athletics, men's 110 m hurdles Vladimir Golubnichy — Athletics, men's 20 km walk Ivan Belyayev — Athletics, men's 3000 m steeplechase Taisiya Chenchik — Athletics, women's high jump Yanis Lusis — Athletics, men's javelin throw Yelena Gorchakova — Athletics, women's javelin throw Igor Ter-Ovanesyan — Athletics, men's long jump Tatyana Shchelkanova — Athletics, women's long jump Galina Bystrova — Athletics, women's pentathlon Galina Zybina — Athletics, women's shot put Viktor Kravchenko — Athletics, men's triple jump Vadim Emelyanov — Boxing, men's heavyweight Stanislav Sorokin — Boxing, men's flyweight Yevgeny Penyaev — Canoeing, men's C-1 1000 m Galina Alekseeva — Diving, women's 10 m platform Sergei Filatov, his horse Absent — Equestrian, individual mixed Sergei Filatov, Absent, Ivan Kizimov, Ikhor, Ivan Kalita, Moar — Equestrian, team mixed Guram Kostava — Fencing, men's épée individual Umar Mavlikhanov — Fencing, men's sabre individual Anzor Kiknadze — Judo, men's heavyweight Parnaos Chikviladze — Judo, men's heavyweight Oleg Stepanov — Judo, men's lightweight Aron Bogolyubov — Judo, men's lightweight Albert Mokeev — Modern pentathlon, men's individual competition Svetlana Babanina — Swimming, women's 200 m breaststroke Tatyana Savelyeva, Svetlana Babanina, Tatyana Devyatova, Natalya Ustinova — women's 4 × 100 m medley relay Igor Grabovsky, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Boris Grishin, Boris Popov, Nikolai Kalashnikov, Zenon Bortkevich, Nikolai Kuznetsov, Vladimir Semyonov, Viktor Ageev, Leonid Osipov, Eduard Egorov — Water polo, men's team Aydin Ibrahimov — Wrestling, men's freestyle bantamweight Nodar Khokhashvili — Wrestling, men's freestyle featherweight David Gvanteladze — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman lightweight Athletics Basketball Boxing Canoeing Cycling Twelve cyclists represented the Soviet Union in 1964. Individual road race Gaynan Saydkhuzhin Anatoly Olizarenko Yury Melikhov Aleksei Petrov Team time trial Yury Melikhov Anatoly Olizarenko Aleksei Petrov Gaynan Saydkhuzhin Sprint Valery Khitrov Omar Pkhak'adze 1000 m time trial Viktor Logunov Tandem Imants Bodnieks Viktor Logunov Individual pursuit Stanislav Moskvin Team pursuit Dzintars Lācis Leonid Kolumbet Stanislav Moskvin Sergey Tereshchenkov Diving Equestrian Fencing 20 fencers, 15 men and 5 women, represented the Soviet Union in 1964. Men's foil Viktor Zhdanovich German Sveshnikov Mark Midler Men's team foil Viktor Zhdanovich, Yury Sisikin, Mark Midler, German Sveshnikov, Yury Sharov Men's épée Grigory Kriss Guram Kostava Bruno Habārovs Men's team épée Bruno Habārovs, Guram Kostava, Yury Smolyakov, Grigory Kriss, Aleksey Nikanchikov Men's sabre Umyar Mavlikhanov Yakov Rylsky Mark Rakita Men's team sabre Umyar Mavlikhanov, Mark Rakita, Yakov Rylsky, Boris Melnikov, Nugzar Asatiani Women's foil Galina Gorokhova Valentina Rastvorova Valentina Prudskova Women's team foil Valentina Rastvorova, Tatyana Petrenko-Samusenko, Lyudmila Shishova, Valentina Prudskova, Galina Gorokhova Gymnastics Judo Modern pentathlon Three male pentathlete represented the Soviet Union in 1964. The team won gold, Albert Mokeyev won an individual bronze and Igor Novikov won an individual silver. Individual Igor Novikov Albert Mokeyev Viktor Mineyev Team Igor Novikov Albert Mokeyev Viktor Mineyev Rowing The Soviet Union had 26 male rowers participate in seven rowing events in 1964. Men's single sculls – 1st place ( gold medal) Vyacheslav Ivanov (Вячеслав Иванов) Men's double sculls – 1st place ( gold medal) Oleg Tyurin (Олег Тюрин) Boris Dubrovskiy (Борис Дубровский) Men's coxless pair Oleg Golovanov (Олег Голованов) Valentin Boreyko (Валентин Борейко) Men's coxed pair – 4th place Nikolay Safronov (Николай Сафронов) Leonid Rakovshchik (Леонид Раковщик) Igor Rudakov (Игорь Рудаков) Men's coxless four – 7th place Celestinas Jucys (Целестинас Юцис) Eugenijus Levickas (Еугениус Левицкас) Jonas Motiejūnas (Йонас Матеюнас) Anatoliy Sass (Анатолий Сасс) Men's coxed four – 5th place Anatoliy Tkachuk (Anatoly Tkachuk, Анатолий Ткачук) Vitaly Kurdchenko (Виталий Курдченко) Boris Kuzmin (Борис Кузьмин) Vladimir Yevseyev (Владимир Евсеев) Anatoly Luzgin (Анатолий Лузгин) Men's eight – 5th place Juozas Jagelavičius (Yozas Yagelavichyus, Йозас Ягелавичюс) Yury Suslin (Юрий Суслин) Petras Karla (Петрас Карла) Vytautas Briedis (Vitautas Briedis, Витаутас Бриедис) Volodymyr Sterlik (Vladimir Sterlik, Владимир Стерлик) Zigmas Jukna (Zigmas Yukna, Зигмас Юкна) Antanas Bagdonavičius (Antanas Bagdonavichyus, Антанас Багдонавичюс) Ričardas Vaitkevičius (Richardas Vaytkyavichyus, Ричардас Вайткявичус) Yury Lorentsson (Юрий Лоренцсон) Sailing Shooting Ten shooters represented the Soviet Union in 1964. Shota Kveliashvili won a silver in the 300 m rifle, three positions and Pāvels Seničevs won a silver in the trap event. 25 m pistol Igor Bakalov Aleksandr Zabelin 50 m pistol Albert Udachin Yevgeny Rasskazov 300 m rifle, three positions Shota Kveliashvili Aleksandrs Gerasimjonoks 50 m rifle, three positions Viktor Shamburkin Vladimir Chuyan 50 m rifle, prone Vladimir Chuyan Viktor Shamburkin Trap Pāvels Seničevs Sergey Kalinin Swimming Volleyball Men's team competition Round robin Defeated Romania (3–0) Defeated Netherlands (3–0) Defeated South Korea (3–0) Defeated Hungary (3–0) Defeated Czechoslovakia (3–2) Lost to Japan (1–3) Defeated United States (3–0) Defeated Bulgaria (3–0) Defeated Brazil (3–0) → gold medal Team roster Ivan Bugaenkov Nikolai Burobin Yuri Chesnokov Vascha Kacharava Valery Kalatschikhin Vitaly Kovalenko Stanislav Ljugailo Georgy Mondzolevsky Yuri Poryarkov Eduard Sibiryakov Yuri Vengorovsky Dimitri Voskoboynikov Women's team competition Round robin Defeated Romania (3–0) Defeated South Korea (3–0) Defeated Poland (3–0) Defeated United States (3–0) Lost to Japan (0–3) → silver medal Team roster Nelly Abramova Astra Biltauere Lyudmila Buldakova Lyudmila Gureyeva Valentina Kamenek Marita Katusheva Ninel Lukanina Valentina Mishak Tatyana Roschina Inna Ryskal Nina Rishkova Tamara Tikhonina Water polo Weightlifting Wrestling References External links Official Olympic Reports International Olympic Committee results database Nations at the 1964 Summer Olympics 1964 Summer Olympics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20Union%20at%20the%201964%20Summer%20Olympics
David Roger Higgins (September 11, 1938 – August 13, 2006) was a composer and choral conductor. Born in Sheffield, England, he began teaching music at the age of 22. During his time in Sheffield he was the organist of the Sheffield University Church and musical director of Opera 14. In 1974, he was appointed organist and choirmaster of St Oswald's Church, Durham, a position he held until his death in 2006. In 1983 a fire was started in the Organ Loft at the church resulting in the total destruction of the Harrison & Harrison Organ then in the building. This resulted in the design and installation of a new 3 manual Peter Collins organ at the rear of the church (speaking directly down the nave), built to Higgins' specification. Higgins' numerous compositions mainly concentrate on Anglican Sacred Music, although there is also repertoire for organ. His collected works were published in three volumes in 1999 by St Oswald's, with one piece - "Author of Life Divine" having also been published by the RSCM as the title piece to a small anthology. 1938 births 2006 deaths Musicians from Sheffield 20th-century British conductors (music)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Higgins%20%28composer%29
In mathematics, the additive identity of a set that is equipped with the operation of addition is an element which, when added to any element in the set, yields . One of the most familiar additive identities is the number 0 from elementary mathematics, but additive identities occur in other mathematical structures where addition is defined, such as in groups and rings. Elementary examples The additive identity familiar from elementary mathematics is zero, denoted 0. For example, In the natural numbers (if 0 is included), the integers the rational numbers the real numbers and the complex numbers the additive identity is 0. This says that for a number belonging to any of these sets, Formal definition Let be a group that is closed under the operation of addition, denoted +. An additive identity for , denoted , is an element in such that for any element in , Further examples In a group, the additive identity is the identity element of the group, is often denoted 0, and is unique (see below for proof). A ring or field is a group under the operation of addition and thus these also have a unique additive identity 0. This is defined to be different from the multiplicative identity 1 if the ring (or field) has more than one element. If the additive identity and the multiplicative identity are the same, then the ring is trivial (proved below). In the ring of -by- matrices over a ring , the additive identity is the zero matrix, denoted or , and is the -by- matrix whose entries consist entirely of the identity element 0 in . For example, in the 2×2 matrices over the integers the additive identity is In the quaternions, 0 is the additive identity. In the ring of functions from , the function mapping every number to 0 is the additive identity. In the additive group of vectors in the origin or zero vector is the additive identity. Properties The additive identity is unique in a group Let be a group and let and in both denote additive identities, so for any in , It then follows from the above that The additive identity annihilates ring elements In a system with a multiplication operation that distributes over addition, the additive identity is a multiplicative absorbing element, meaning that for any in , . This follows because: The additive and multiplicative identities are different in a non-trivial ring Let be a ring and suppose that the additive identity 0 and the multiplicative identity 1 are equal, i.e. 0 = 1. Let be any element of . Then proving that is trivial, i.e. The contrapositive, that if is non-trivial then 0 is not equal to 1, is therefore shown. See also 0 (number) Additive inverse Identity element Multiplicative identity References Bibliography David S. Dummit, Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, Wiley (3rd ed.): 2003, . External links Abstract algebra Elementary algebra Group theory Ring theory 0 (number)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20identity
The Myasishchev M-101T is a Russian business class aircraft, designed by Myasishchev and built by Sokol. The aircraft was first flown on 31 March 1995. Operators Dexter Air Taxi (3 aircraft). 3 more aircraft operated by Buguruslansk Civil Aviation School. 1 aircraft RA15106, was demonstrated in 2004 in South Africa by ROSAVIA and flown at multiple airshows in South Africa. These demonstrations were flown by Yurij Polyakov and South African born Andrew Cross. The project generated a lot of interest but did not sell because the asking price was too high. When the project ended the aircraft was ferried back to Russia by Yurij Polyakov. Specifications See also References Further reading Taylor, Michael J.H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London:Brassey's, 1999. . External links Class Struggle M-101T 1990s Soviet and Russian business aircraft Single-engined tractor aircraft Single-engined turboprop aircraft Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasishchev%20M-101T
The town of Balaklava (population 2048, postcode 5461) is located in South Australia, 92 kilometres north of Adelaide in the Mid North region. It is on the south bank of the Wakefield River, east of Port Wakefield. History Since prehistoric times the Balaklava district has been near the boundaries of the Kaurna and Peramangk peoples. The first Europeans to traverse the district were John Hill and Thomas Burr on 29 April 1840. They discovered Diamond Lake and encamped near Owen. The first European settlers in the area were James and Mary Dunn who in 1850 opened a hotel to service bullock teamsters carting copper ore upon the Gulf Road between the Burra mine and the export port of Port Wakefield. The Gulf Road copper ore traffic came to a sudden end in 1857 when a railway connected Gawler to Port Adelaide which provided a more economic path for exporting the ore. The teamster's loads were replaced by a flow of pastoral produce to Port Wakefield, mainly wool and grain. The town was laid out by Charles Fisher in 1869 and named it after the Hundred of Balaklava which in turn was named for the Battle of Balaklava. He built large grain stores on the tramway from Hoyleton to the port at Port Wakefield, intending to encourage farmers to settle near the town. The first Hotel erected in the new township of Balaklava was the Balaklava Hotel, later called the Royal. Thomas Saint borrowed the finances from Thomas James Manton and applied for the Hotel Keepers Licence on 17 November 1870 and was granted licence No.17 of 1871 on 4 April 1871. Balaklava was first on the narrow gauge Port Wakefield railway line which was an isolated horse-drawn tramway inland through Balaklava to Hoyleton. This was eventually taken over by South Australian Railways and converted to steam, as well as being extended at both ends. Balaklava was later considered to be on the Gladstone railway line, with a junction to Port Wakefield. The line to Balaklava from Hamley Bridge (connecting to Adelaide) opened in 1878. It was converted to broad gauge in 1927 and still existed as far as Balaklava up to 2002. The last freight on the line was bulk grain in 2004. As the Balaklava railway station was originally on the Port Wakefield to Hoyleton line, before the railway from Hamley Bridge was built, and that line entered the town from the southeast, trains travelling using the route between Gladstone and Adelaide needed to change direction at Balaklava, as both the north and south lines entered the station from the east, with Port Wakefield being to the west. The name of the town was originally spelled Balaclava. Balaklava is home to long time nuclear veteran campaigner Avon Hudson. Steele Hall, premier of South Australia in 1968–70 and later a federal politician, was born in Balaklava and attended Balaklava High School. Geography Neighbouring townships to Balaklava include: Auburn Blyth Clare Halbury Mallala Owen Port Wakefield Snowtown Hamley Bridge Governance Balaklava is the administrative centre for local government seat of Wakefield Regional Council and is located in the state electoral district of Frome and the federal electoral division of Grey. Education The township of Balaklava has four education institutions: Balaklava Community Children's Centre Balaklava Primary School Balaklava High School Balaklava Horizon Christian School Media The local newspaper is the Plains Producer, which has been published in the region since 25 September 1903. Throughout its life, it evolved through a series of name changes: originally known as Central Advocate renamed on 10 September 1909 to Wooroora Producer (subtitled: "incorporating the Central Advocate and The Hamley Bridge Express") renamed on 4 July 1940 to The Producer (subtitled: "with which is incorporated "The Central Advocate" and "Hamley Bridge Express"") publication ceased for five years, from 19 June 1941, and resumed as a "Post-War Series" on 4 July 1946 renamed to Plains Producer in 1983 Another publication, Two Wells and Districts Echo, is also printed in the town. The main office for Papers & Publications, which produces both publications, is on Howe Street. Art and sports Balaklava Racing Club founded in 1903, boasts the longest straight in SA, holding 13 race meets throughout the year with the highlight being the Balaklava Cup The Balaklava Cup horse racing carnival is on the first Wednesday each September. It also has an agricultural show in September each year. This major event showcases the regions many achievements, in agriculture, horse riding, baking, art and the local schools achievements as well as many fun things for the family to enjoy. Balaklava is well known throughout the South Australian music, drama and school communities for its interest and support in the performing arts. The Balaklava Eisteddfod Society holds its own music and speech/drama Eisteddfod every year in late July/early August. It has been running since 1997 and is a major event for the township. The Balaklava Community Arts group has been running since 1982 and has always been very supportive of the visual and performing arts. The Balaklava Courthouse Gallery began within the ranks of Balaklava Community Arts and now holds widely known exhibitions and competitions in visual arts. The Balaklava Community Arts group continues to nurture the local artistic talents and entertain the community with performing arts by both local and visiting artists, promoting the arts to the wider community. Balaklava has several sporting facilities and clubs with regular competitions, such as the local basketball and tennis in summer, local football and netball in winter, and the squash courts which open all year. The football oval and basketball, netball and tennis courts are centralised at one location. Balaklava has its own pool, open from November through to April each year. The Balaklava Golf Club is an 18-hole championship golf course fully watered year round and has clubhouse facilities. The Balaklava Gliding Club is located at Whitwarta, north-west of the township. Flying operations are normally on every weekend or by prior arrangement. Gallery See also List of cities and towns in South Australia Lands administrative divisions of South Australia References Towns in South Australia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaklava%2C%20South%20Australia
Vanguard Cellular Systems, Inc. was a mobile phone carrier with headquarters in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was the largest independent non-wireline cellular carrier in the 1990s. It was acquired by AT&T in 1999. History In September 1982, the company Collins, Hagel, and Clarke was formed by Bill Collins, Don Clarke, Dave Smith, and Chuck Hagel. In late 1984, "Collins, Hagel and Clarke and a group of North Carolina investors rolled all their cellular operations into a new company they called vanguard, dedicated to the telecommunications business. While the three original partners all initially served on the Vanguard board, Hagel was the only one of the three who became a Vanguard employee. He was an executive vice president until 1987." In 1999, Vanguard was acquired by AT&T. Operations Vanguard Cellular Systems operated cellular systems in Maine, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, South Carolina, and Florida and owned interests in other systems throughout the United States and internationally. Vanguard initially deployed the analog Nortel AMPS technology, and later migrated to the TDMA-based Digital AMPS (D-AMPS) technology. Founders There were three founders of Vanguard: Haynes Griffin, Rich Preyer and Steve Leeolou. Founder Steven R. Leeolou is now CEO at Conterra Ultra Broadband in Charlotte, NC which employs several former Vanguard employees. Haynes Griffin, founding CEO of Vanguard, has been active in several telecom businesses. He is the currently chairman and CEO of SmartSky Networks which is deploying a nationwide air to ground wireless network to serve the aviation industry. He is also chairman and CEO of Greensboro-based Insect Shield, which makes insect repellent apparel. Rich Preyer, the third Founder, has been a very meaningful leader in area activities. See also References Defunct mobile phone companies of the United States AT&T Defunct companies based in North Carolina Companies based in Greensboro, North Carolina Telecommunications companies established in 1984 Technology companies disestablished in 1999 1984 establishments in North Carolina 1999 disestablishments in North Carolina	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard%20Cellular
Tin Cans and Car Tires is an album by moe. It was released in 1998. It marked the recorded debut of drummer Vinnie Amico, who had taken over the position from Chris Mazur in 1996. Most of the material on the album had been included in the band's live sets for a number of years before being recorded for the album, including "Queen of the Rodeo", which first appeared in 1995 as part of the "rock opera" Timmy. Critical reception The Washington Post thought that "there are still some examples of self-indulgence—opaque lyrics, overly fussy passages, odd time signatures for no good reason—but the album is dominated by eight songs where the conversational vocals, catchy melodies and Americana roots offer an accessible entry to the band's improvisatory dexterity." Track listing "Stranger Than Fiction" (Derhak) — 3:02 "Spaz Medicine" (Schnier) — 5:06 "Nebraska" (Derhak) — 3:50 "Head" (Schnier) — 5:46 "Hi & Lo" (Garvey) — 4:29 "Plane Crash" (Derhak) — 8:54 "Letter Home" (Schnier) — 4:07 "Big World" (Schnier) — 4:49 "Again and Again" (Schnier) — 4:34 "It" (Garvey) — 5:04 "Happy Hour Hero" (Derhak) — 5:03 "Queen of the Rodeo" (Schnier) — 3:07 Personnel moe.: Rob Derhak - bass, Nepalese bells, acoustic guitar, vocals Chuck Garvey - lead guitar, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals Al Schnier - lead guitar, lap steel, rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals Vinnie Amico - drums, percussion Additional musicians: Jeffrey Pettit - alto saxophone on "Spaz Medecine" Andrew Bellavia - tenor saxophone on "Spaz Medecine" David Fitzhugh - flugelbone on "Spaz Medecine" Andrew Winn - Wurlitzer piano on "Nebraska" Lorenza Ponce - violins on "Plane Crash" Jane Scarpantoni - cellos on "Plane Crash" Steve Young - Hammond organ on "Plane Crash" J.C. Kuhl - saxophone on "Happy Hour Hero" John Carroll - piano & Hammond organ on "Happy Hour Hero" John Alagía - tambourine on "Queen of the Rodeo" Production: John Alagía - producer Doug Derryberry, John Siket - engineer John Halpern - photography Rick Pohronezny - assistant engineer Steve Young - engineer Joel Zimmerman - art direction Charts Album - Billboard References 1998 albums Moe (band) albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%20Cans%20%26%20Car%20Tires
Battle of Podhajce may refer to Battle of Podhajce (1667) Battle of Podhajce (1698)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Podhajce
The Allison V-3420 was a large experimental piston aircraft engine, designed in 1937 by the American Allison Engine Company. Design and development In 1937, at the behest of the United States Army Air Corps, the Allison Engine Company agreed to design and build a large-displacement high-power aircraft engine. The resulting V-3420 was essentially a pair of 12-cylinder Allison V-1710 engines mated to a common crankcase with a 30° angle between the inner cylinder banks. The crankshafts of the two V-1710 engines were geared together to drive a common propeller shaft. Most V-3420 parts were interchangeable with those for V-1710-E and -F engines. The V-3420 had a power-to-weight ratio of 1.6 kW/kg or 1 hp/lb, excellent for its time. It was envisioned as a powerful yet compact engine for several advanced USAAF projects of the day, including the Douglas XB-19, the Boeing XB-39 Superfortress, the Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning, and the Fisher P-75 Eagle. As none of these designs saw more than limited production, only about 150 V-3420s were built. Variants V-3420-A16R (-11) V-3420-A16L (-13) left-hand rotation of propeller, single-stage supercharger with single-stage turbocharger and intercooler V-3420-A18R (-17) V-3420-A24 Supercharger ratio 7.2:1 V-3420-B (-23) Similar to the -A but with mechanically driven supercharger in two variable-speed stages Applications Boeing XB-39 Superfortress Douglas XB-19 Fisher P-75 Eagle Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning Engines on display A V-3420-23 (B10) is on public display at the Aerospace Museum of California in North Highlands, California. A V-3420 is on public display at the Glenn H. Curtiss Museum in Hammondsport, New York. A V-3420-23 engine is on public display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio alongside a Fisher P-75 Eagle Specifications (V-3420-A18R (-17)) See also References Notes Bibliography Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1945-46. Hammersmith, London: HarperCollinsPublishers (1994 reprint). Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006. White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. V-3420 1930s aircraft piston engines Abandoned military aircraft engine projects of the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison%20V-3420
Kamil Čontofalský (; born 3 June 1978) is a Slovak professional football coach and a former goalkeeper. He is the goalkeeping coach with Slavoj Vyšehrad. Career Club Čontofalský spent four seasons with Bohemians 1905 in the Czech Gambrinus liga and seven seasons with Zenit Saint Petersburg in the Russian Premier League. With Zenit he won 6 titles, including Russian Premier League 2007, 2007–08 UEFA Cup and 2008 UEFA Super Cup. Čontofalský was released by Tampa Bay on 5 November 2015. Career statistics Club International Statistics accurate as of match played 17 November 2007 Career honours Zenit St. Petersburg UEFA Cup (1): 2007/08 UEFA Super Cup (1): 2008 Russian Premier League Winner (1): 2007 Runner-up (1): 2003 3rd place (1): 2009 Russian Cup (1): 2009/10 Russian Super Cup (1): 2008 Russian Premier League Cup (1): 2003 Fort Lauderdale Strikers North American Soccer League Runner-up (1): 2014 References External links 1978 births Living people Footballers from Košice Slovak men's footballers Slovak expatriate men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Bohemians 1905 players FC VSS Košice players SK Slavia Prague players FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players UEFA Cup winning players AEL Limassol players Slovakia men's international footballers Slovakia men's under-21 international footballers Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers for Slovakia AS Trenčín players Slovak First Football League players Russian Premier League players Czech First League players Cypriot First Division players Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic Expatriate men's footballers in Russia Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Russia Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus Expatriate men's footballers in Greece Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Greece Fort Lauderdale Strikers players North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players Tampa Bay Rowdies players Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil%20%C4%8Contofalsk%C3%BD
Susan Ertz (13 February 1887 – 11 April 1985) was an Anglo-American writer, known for her "sentimental tales of genteel life in the country." She was born in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England to American parents Charles and Mary Ertz. She moved back and forth between both countries during her childhood but chose to live in England when she was 18. She married British Army soldier, Major John Ronald McCrindle in London in 1932. A common theme running through her work involves a female character "who is thrust out on her own from a sheltered environment into a vaguely hostile external world with which she is initially unprepared to cope. Her coming to terms with this hostile world provides the fictional interest of [her] novels." The Proselyte, the story of a London woman who marries a Mormon missionary and moves with him to Utah, was one of her most highly praised books (even Mormons felt that in "her story the hardships and sorrows of the people are clearly portrayed"). Ertz's Woman Alive is a science fiction novel set after all women other than the titular heroine have perished in a plague. One of her later works, In the Cool of the Day, was the source of an eponymous movie in 1963, starring Jane Fonda, Peter Finch, and Angela Lansbury. Works Madame Claire 1923 (selected as one of the first ten Penguin Books paperbacks in 1935) Nina 1924 After Noon 1926 The Wind of Complication (short stories) 1927 (published in the U.K. as And Then Face to Face) Now East, Now West 1927 The Milky Way 1929 (under the name, The Galaxy, this book was on the U.S. best seller fiction list for 1929.) The Story of Julian 1931 (later editions entitled Julian Probert) The Proselyte 1933 Now We Set Out 1935 Woman Alive, But Now Dead 1935 No Hearts to Break 1937 Black, White and Caroline 1938 Big Frogs and Little Frogs (short stories) 1939 One Fight More 1939 Anger in the Sky 1943 Mary Hellam 1947 (published in the U.K. as Two Names Upon the Shore) The Prodigal Heart 1950 The Undefended Gate 1953 (published in the U.S. as Invitation to Folly) Charmed Circle 1956 In the Cool of the Day 1960 Summer's Lease 1972 (published in the U.K. as Devices and Desires) The Philosopher's Daughter 1976 References External links Book reviews Another look book 1887 births 1985 deaths 20th-century British novelists English science fiction writers People from Walton-on-Thames	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Ertz
Poland competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. 140 competitors, 115 men and 25 women, took part in 87 events in 12 sports. Medalists Gold Józef Szmidt — Athletics, Men's Triple jump Teresa Ciepły, Irena Kirszenstein, Halina Górecka, Ewa Kłobukowska — Athletics, Women's 4×100 metres relay Jozef Grudzien, — Boxing, Men's Lightweight Jerzy Kulej — Boxing, Men's Light welterweight Marian Kasprzyk — Boxing, Men's Welterweight Egon Franke — Fencing, Men's Foil Individual Waldemar Baszanowski — Weightlifting, Men's Lightweight (67.5 kg) Silver Andrzej Zieliński, Wiesław Maniak, Marian Foik, Marian Dudziak — Athletics, Men's 4×100 metres relay Teresa Ciepły — Athletics, Women's 80 metres hurdles Irena Kirszenstein — Athletics, Women's 200 metres Irena Kirszenstein — Athletics, Women's Long jump Artur Olech — Boxing, Men's Flyweight Witold Woyda, Zbigniew Skrudlik, Ryszard Parulski, Egon Franke, Janusz Rozycki — Fencing, Men's Foil Team Bronze Andrzej Badeński — Athletics, Men's 400 metres Ewa Kłobukowska — Athletics, Women's 100 metres Józef Grzesiak — Boxing, Men's Light middleweight Tadeusz Walasek — Boxing, Men's Middleweight Zbigniew Pietrzykowski — Boxing, Men's Light heavyweight Emil Ochyra, Jerzy Pawłowski, Ryszard Zub, Andrzej Piatkowski, Wojciech Zabłocki — Fencing, Men's Sabre Team Krystyna Czajkowska, Josefa Ledwignowa, Maria Golimowska, Jadwiga Rutkowska, Danuta Kordaczuk, Krystyna Jakubowska, Jadwiga Marko, Maria Sliwkowa, Zofia Szczesniewska, Krystina Krupowa, Hanna Krystyna Busz and Barbara Hermela-Niemczyk — Volleyball, Women's Team Competition Mieczysław Nowak — Weightlifting, Men's Featherweight (60 kg) Marian Zieliński — Weightlifting, Men's Lightweight (67.5 kg) Ireneusz Paliński — Weightlifting, Men's Middle heavyweight (90 kg) Athletics Men Track & road events Field events Women Track & road events Field events Basketball Preliminary round Group A 11 October 12 October 13 October 14 October 16 October 17 October 18 October Classification brackets 5th–8th Place 20 October 5th Place 22 October Boxing Men Canoeing Sprint Men Women Cycling Eight cyclists represented Poland in 1964. Road Track 1000m time trial Men's Sprint Pursuit Fencing 15 fencers, all men, represented Poland in 1964. Men Gymnastics Artistic Men Women Rowing Men Shooting Six shooters represented Poland in 1964. Men Volleyball Women's team competition Round robin \|} Final standings Team roster Krystyna Czajkowska Maria Golimowska Krystyna Jakubowska Danuta Kordaczuk Krystyna Krupowa Josefa Ledwignowa Jadwiga Marko Jadwiga Rutkowska Maria Sliwkowa Zofia Szczesniewska Hanna Krystyna Busz Barbara Hermela Head coach Weightlifting Men Wrestling Men's Greco-Roman References External links Official Olympic Reports International Olympic Committee results database Nations at the 1964 Summer Olympics 1964 1964 in Polish sport	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%20at%20the%201964%20Summer%20Olympics
South Dakota's 3rd congressional district is an obsolete United States congressional district. It was created after the 1910 census and abolished after the 1930 census. The district covered all of the counties in South Dakota west of the Missouri River. List of members representing the district References Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present 03 Former congressional districts of the United States Constituencies established in 1913 1913 establishments in South Dakota Constituencies disestablished in 1933 1933 disestablishments in South Dakota pl:Trzeci okręg wyborczy w Dakocie Południowej	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Dakota%27s%203rd%20congressional%20district
Interment.net is a United States-based website containing a free online database of transcriptions from headstones, intended to be a research tool for use by genealogists and historians. , the site was one of the top 15 free genealogy websites on the Internet. Its cemetery database to date includes more than 6 million cemetery records from around the world. The database is limited to information transcribed from grave markers at cemeteries and/or obtained from burial records from cemetery offices. The data includes surname, given name, birthdate, birthplace, death date, death place, age, inscription (including symbols), notes, and sometimes the location of the grave marker. The coverage of data addresses the problem for scholars and genealogists who cite the way cemetery records tend to be incomplete while some transcripts are inaccurate. Many of the cemeteries transcribed on the site no longer exist, making the site one of the few sources for those inscriptions. Online cemetery databases with similar features include Findagrave.com and Billiongraves.com. History The site started in March 1997 as a personal web page called Cemetery Interment Lists on the Internet and was simply a list of links to websites with cemetery records. In 1998, the site started accepting cemetery transcriptions directly; to stop the personal website from being overwhelmed, the page author registered the domain name "interment.net" in December 1998 and moved to a separate web hosting service. By June 1999, the focus of the site had changed to hosting cemetery transcriptions, and the title was changed to Cemetery Records on the Internet, then later, Cemetery Records Online. The site has had at least seven-page layouts since 1997. It has been supported by advertising revenue since July 1999, and in 2005, the personal site owner incorporated Clear Digital Media, Inc. to control the site. The company has since expanded, starting several other websites and weblogs. Interment.net is a volunteer website and is staffed by contributors and volunteers who go to cemeteries to take photographs for its digital repository and for transcription. Volunteers for these websites describe their labor as a "genealogical kindness," of particular service to those researching their ancestry. See also Canadian Headstones Find a Grave – an online database of cemetery records National Cemetery Administration's Nationwide Gravesite Locator Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness – volunteers photograph graves on request (inactive) Tombstone tourist References External links Interment.net website American genealogy websites Internet properties established in 1997 Online person databases Genealogy databases	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interment.net
Beatie is a name. Notable people with the name include: Thomas Beatie, (born 1974), American public speaker, author, and advocate with transgender and sexuality issues Beatie Deutsch (née Rabin; born 1989), Haredi Jewish American-Israeli marathon runner Beatie Edney (born 1962), English television actress Beatie Wolfe, Anglo-American singer-songwriter See also Savas Beatie, California-based book publishing company Beattie (surname) Beaty (surname) Beatty (surname)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatie
The Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council is a local government area located in the Yorke and Mid North region of South Australia. The council was founded on 1 July 1997 with the amalgamation of the District Council of Clare, the District Council of Riverton and the District Council of Saddleworth and Auburn. The council seat is located at Clare; it also maintains branch offices at Riverton and Saddleworth. Geography It includes the towns and localities of Anama, Armagh, Auburn, Barinia, Benbournie, Black Springs, Bungaree, Boconnoc Park, Clare, Emu Flat, Giles Corner, Gillentown, Hill River, Hilltown, Leasingham, Manoora, Marrabel, Mintaro, Penwortham, Polish Hill River, Rhynie, Riverton, Saddleworth, Sevenhill, Spring Farm, Spring Gully, Stanley, Stanley Flat, Steelton, Stockport, Tarlee, Tarnma, Tothill Belt, Tothill Creek, Undalya, Waterloo, Watervale and Woolshed Flat, and parts of Alma, Farrell Flat, Halbury, Hoyleton and Salter Springs. Councillors The Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council has a directly elected mayor. See also Clare Valley Gilbert River List of parks and gardens in rural South Australia References External links Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council Clare and Gilbert Valleys Mid North (South Australia)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare%20and%20Gilbert%20Valleys%20Council
Survivor: Panama — Exile Island, also known as Survivor: Exile Island and Survivor: Panama, is the twelfth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The season was filmed in the Pearl Islands, off the coast of Panama from October 31, 2005, through December 8, 2005 and premiered on February 2, 2006. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with 16 competitors, and was the first season with 16 competitors since Survivor: Pearl Islands five seasons prior. The season included a twist that originally came from Survivor: Palau called Exile Island. Each week at least one castaway is banished to an island away from all other contestants for the time period between the reward and immunity challenges. The castaway is given a single machete, a flint, a pot and a bucket of non-sanitized water. The island also contained a hidden immunity idol that could be used at tribal council after the votes have been cast. During the season finale on May 14, 2006, it was revealed that Aras Baskauskas was named the Sole Survivor over Danielle DiLorenzo in a 5–2 vote. Contestants The 16 players were initially split into four tribes by sex and age: young men (Viveros), older men (La Mina), young women (Bayoneta), and older women (Casaya). These four tribes were named after four islands located in the Pearl Islands. Shortly after the first Tribal Council, the Viveros and Bayoneta tribes were dissolved and a "schoolyard pick" formed two new integrated tribes using the Casaya and La Mina tribe names and camps. When there were ten contestants left, they merged into one tribe named Gitanos, the Spanish word for "gypsy." Coincidentally, a member from each of the original four tribes was represented in the final four. Notable contestants from this season include former NASA astronaut Dan Barry and former Miss Texas Teen USA Misty Giles. Tina Scheer was originally slated for the previous season Survivor: Guatemala, but she backed out due to her son's death prior to that season. Future appearances Cirie Fields was selected from this season to compete in Survivor: Micronesia. She competed again in Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains as part of the Heroes tribe, and would return for a fourth time on Survivor: Game Changers. Fields also appeared in the inagural USA season of The Traitors, in which she won the game. She also appeared on the 25th Season of Big Brother as a contestant. Danielle DiLorenzo also competed on Heroes vs. Villains as part of the Villains tribe. Aras Baskauskas returned for Survivor: Blood vs. Water, alongside his brother, Vytas. Terry Deitz and Shane Powers were included on the public poll to choose the cast of Survivor: Cambodia; Deitz was chosen to compete. Season summary The game began with the 16 competitors split into four tribes by both relative age and gender. They were introduced to the concept of "Exile Island" with the promise of a hidden immunity idol located somewhere on it, while one person from the losing tribe at challenges would be sent to the island and given clues to look for it. After the first four days, the four tribes were merged by schoolyard pick with mixed genders into two tribes, Casaya and La Mina. On Casaya, a majority alliance consisting of Aras, Shane, Courtney, and Danielle was formed. Cirie was later integrated into the group thanks to her strong social bonds, particularly with Aras and Danielle. On La Mina, Terry was viewed as the tribe leader. Casaya generally proved the stronger tribe, and opted to send Terry from La Mina over to Exile Island multiple times, which gave him the opportunity to discover the hidden immunity idol. Going into the merge, Casaya was up 6 members to 4. While Terry won several individual immunities, he did not use it or the hidden immunity idol to save his former La Mina tribe members, leaving him as the sole remaining La Mina member and a perceived immunity challenge threat by the former Casaya tribe. Bruce was evacuated due a medical emergency, leaving six players at the game. At this juncture, Cirie, who saw both Terry and Shane looking separately to take Courtney, a weaker player, into the final Tribal Council as an assurance to win the jury's favor, convinced Aras and Danielle to blindside the other three, and succeeded in achieving Courtney's elimination, followed by Shane's. At the final four vote, Aras won immunity and Terry possessed the hidden immunity idol. The vote came down a fire-making tiebreaker between Cirie and Danielle; Danielle ultimately prevailed. Danielle won the final immunity challenge and opted to take Aras to the final Tribal Council, eliminating Terry. The final jury saw both Aras and Danielle as capable players but ultimately voted Aras as the Sole Survivor, five votes to two. In the case of multiple tribes or castaways who win reward or immunity, they are listed in order of finish, or alphabetically where it was a team effort; where one castaway won and invited others, the invitees are in brackets. Episodes Voting history Reception Survivor: Panama has received mixed to positive reviews from fans and critics. The personalities of the Casaya tribe members, in particular fan-favorite Cirie Fields, were praised. However, aside from Terry Deitz, the members of the La Mina tribe was criticized for being perceived as less entertaining compared to their Casaya counterparts. As such, critics believe that the season is uneven due to the contrast in entertainment between the members of the two main tribes. Dalton Ross of Entertainment Weekly ranked this season 27th out of 40 criticizing the season's final immunity challenge for being unfair to Terry Deitz which lead to an "unmemorable" final two. The gameplay of winner Aras Baskauskas received mixed to negative reception. Baskauskas placed 23rd out of the first 34 winners in a fan poll conducted by Entertainment Weekly in 2017 and also received the fewest first-place votes out of every winner in the poll. In 2014, Joe Reid of The Wire ranked this season 8th out of 27. In 2015, a poll by Rob Has a Podcast ranked this season 12th out of 30 with Rob Cesternino ranking this season 14th. This was updated in 2021 during Cesternino's podcast, Survivor All-Time Top 40 Rankings, ranking 15th out of 40. In 2020, The "Purple Rock Podcast" ranked this season 10th out of 40 saying the "casting here is good" and the "gameplay is almost more interesting for what doesn’t happen than what does". Later that same year, Inside Survivor ranked this season 12th out of 40 saying it is a GREAT season that "features some of the best characters of all-time, has innovative gameplay, superb blindsides, an underdog story, and is perhaps the funniest season ever." References External links Official CBS Survivor Panama Website 2006 American television seasons 2005 in Panama 12 Television shows filmed in Panama	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivor%3A%20Panama
Andrey Sergeyevich Arshavin ( ; born 29 May 1981) is a Russian former professional footballer who played as a winger or midfielder. Arshavin began his career at Zenit Saint Petersburg in 2000. He went on to win numerous trophies with the club such as the Russian Premier League, League Cup, Russian Super Cup, UEFA Cup and the UEFA Super Cup. During his time with Zenit, Arshavin was also named as the Russian Footballer of the Year. He had a breakout performance at UEFA Euro 2008 where he impressed throughout Russia's run to the semi-final of the tournament, and also finished 6th in the 2008 Ballon d’Or. Arshavin thereafter signed for English Premier League club Arsenal during the 2008–09 winter transfer window, becoming the most expensive player in Arsenal's history at the time, with a fee of £15 million. Arshavin eventually rejoined Zenit, at first on loan and then permanently in 2013. Since 2019, Arshavin has held administrative posts at Zenit. Since 2022 - Deputy General Director for Sports Development, in the summer of 2023 he became a member of the club's executive board. Early years Arshavin was born in Leningrad, now Saint Petersburg, on 29 May 1981. His father Sergey Arshavin played as an amateur footballer. Arshavin survived an accident that could have killed him when he was hit by a car as a child. His parents divorced when he was 12, with Andrey having to sleep on the floor of a cramped flat with his mother. It was his father who persuaded him to pursue a career in football after his own failure to become a professional football player. Arshavin began playing football at an early age and at seven years of age, he was enrolled in the Smena football academy of Zenit, his hometown club. As a schoolboy before football became his sole focus, he was a talented draughts player. Arshavin's father died of heart failure at age 40. He has written three books, including one titled 555 Questions and Answers on Women, Money, Politics and Football. Arshavin also has a degree in Fashion Design. He often misbehaved at school, commenting, "I behaved badly at school. When I was in the second grade, I tore down the registering journal of the class." It was this incident described by Arshavin that saw him expelled. Club career Zenit Saint Petersburg In 2000, Arshavin was included in the Zenit first-team squad, making his debut in a 3–0 away win over English side Bradford City in the Intertoto Cup, coming on as a first-half substitute for Andrey Kobelev. He played in various positions on the field, starting as a right midfielder, then as an attacking midfielder, and finally adopted the second striker's role playing on a flank or behind the target man. In the 2007 Russian Premier League season, Shava (Шава in Russian), as he was nicknamed by Zenit fans, guided his Zenit side to the title in starting all 30 matches, scoring 11 goals and providing 11 assists which was the most in the Russian Premier League that year en route. It was the club's first league title since winning the now-defunct Soviet Top League in 1984. Arshavin was also a key player during Zenit's 2007–08 UEFA Cup triumph and was named Man of the Match in the final, again topping the list for assists in that season's UEFA competition. In October 2008, Arshavin was nominated for the prestigious Ballon d'Or award, along with 29 others in a list that included compatriot Yuri Zhirkov. Arshavin's performances in the UEFA Cup and UEFA Euro 2008 brought him to the attention of several European clubs. However, interest had already been expressed in January 2008 by Newcastle United boss Sam Allardyce, but he was sacked as manager as the transfer window opened. In June 2008, Barcelona had their €15 million offer for the player turned down by Zenit. Additionally, Tottenham Hotspur's £16 million offer in August also fell short of Zenit's £22 million asking price. Zenit's unwillingness to compromise on their asking price caused discontent from both Arshavin and his agent Dennis Lachter. During the January 2009 transfer window, Arshavin was persistently pursued by English Premier League club Arsenal. On 2 February, transfer deadline day, Arshavin was staying in a Hertfordshire hotel, just a few miles from the Arsenal training ground. At around 10 am, he left the hotel and was rumoured to be heading back to Russia, but with less than an hour of the transfer window left, a bid from Arsenal was finally accepted by Zenit. By this point, he had agreed personal terms and passed a medical, but a compensation payment by Arshavin himself to Zenit was supposedly holding up the deal. The deal was further complicated by a snowstorm in England that had delayed the Premier League's registration process, eventually forcing the league to extend the deadline beyond 5 pm. The deal was not confirmed until the following day (3 February), nearly 24 hours after the formal transfer deadline had passed, with Arsenal announcing "a long-term deal" for an undisclosed fee. On the same day, Zenit's official web site claimed that Zenit received an official FA letter confirming Arshavin's registration as an Arsenal player. Arsenal 2008–09 At Arsenal Arshavin wore the number 23 shirt, last worn by Sol Campbell. As Arshavin had played for Zenit in the 2008–09 Champions League, he was cup-tied and could not play for Arsenal in the knockout phase. Arshavin made his debut for Arsenal against Sunderland on 21 February 2009 in the Premier League, which ended 0–0. On 3 March 2009, Arshavin made his first contribution in a Premier League game against West Bromwich Albion by setting up a goal for Kolo Touré in the 38th minute via a free-kick, the second goal in a 3–1 victory. On 14 March 2009, Arshavin scored his first Arsenal goal in a very tight angle going solo against Blackburn Rovers in the 65th minute of the game. He later provided an assist to Emmanuel Eboué for the third goal of the game, which ended 4–0 to Arsenal. On 21 April 2009, Arshavin was named Man of the Match when he scored all four Arsenal goals in a tight match against Liverpool at Anfield, which ended 4–4. It was a thrilling encounter, and the first time Arshavin had scored four goals in one match in his entire career. He also became the first away player to score four goals in a single league match at Anfield since Dennis Westcott for Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1946, and the first Arsenal player to score four goals in any match since Júlio Baptista in 2007, who also achieved the feat against Liverpool at Anfield. Additionally, he became only the sixth player in Premier League history to score four goals in an away match. Arshavin captained Arsenal for the first time on 2 May 2009 in an away match against Portsmouth, where they won 3–0 with Arshavin gaining two assists and a contentious penalty. On 8 May, he was named Premier League Player of the Month for April. He was also voted as Arsenal's Player of the Month for April and May and came second in Arsenal's Player of the Season poll, despite only playing in the second half of the season and playing in fewer than a quarter of Arsenal's matches all season. 2009–10 Arshavin came off the bench to score two goals in Arsenal's 2–1 pre-season victory on 1 August over Atlético Madrid in the Emirates Cup. Manager Arsène Wenger commented afterward that "[Arshavin] knows how English football works", adding, "He knows as well that now he's part of the team from the start. I believe the team knows as well how important (he is) and how big an impact he can have on the results." On 26 August 2009, Arshavin scored his first UEFA Champions League goal for Arsenal in the 74th minute in a 3–1 win over Celtic. He also scored a 30-yard shot against Manchester United at Old Trafford on 29 August 2009, which was his first goal of the season although Arsenal lost the match 2–1. In early December, Arshavin put in an excellent display against Stoke City, playing in an unfamiliar role as centre-forward left vacant after Robin van Persie's injury. He won a penalty which Fàbregas missed before scoring himself and later assisted the second goal, with Arsenal winning the match 2–0. On 13 December 2009, Arshavin scored his fifth goal against Liverpool as Arsenal came from behind to beat Liverpool 2–1 at Anfield again, also winning the Man of the Match award in the end again. On 20 January 2010, he scored again in Arsenal's 4–2 victory over Bolton Wanderers, which helped Arsenal reach the top of the Premier League for the first time since August. However, he suffered a calf strain against Barcelona, ruling him out for three weeks. Arshavin missed one of two games in May due to injury, but scored for the last time of the season against Fulham, in a match which Arsenal won 4–0. 2010–11 On 17 July 2010, Arshavin scored the opening goal against Barnet in Arsenal's first pre-season friendly match of the season, which Arsenal won 4–0. He then won the Man of the Match award for best performance by Arsenal fans according to Arsenal's official website. On 21 August 2010, Arshavin scored his first goal of the season via a penalty for Arsenal in a 6–0 win over Blackpool after Marouane Chamakh was fouled by Ian Evatt in the penalty area. He also scored in Arsenal's very next game on 28 August 2010, scoring the winning goal against Blackburn Rovers for the third time when Cesc Fàbregas' shot was blocked and fell into the path of Arshavin, Arsenal winning the match 2–1. On 15 September 2010, Arshavin scored and provided two assists against Braga in Arsenal's first Champions League group stage match, with Arsenal winning 6–0. On 18 September 2010, Arshavin scored his first League Cup goal, which was also Arsenal's fourth goal during extra time, to defeat Tottenham in the third round of the League Cup, with Arsenal winning against their arch rivals 4–1. He later scored Arsenal's first goal in a 3–1 midweek Champions League away win against FK Partizan in the 15th minute after a backheel pass by Jack Wilshere. Vladimir Stojković saved Arshavin's penalty in the second half after Marouane Chamakh was fouled in the penalty area. On 27 November 2010, Arshavin scored his first goal since September, which was the opening goal against Aston Villa in a 4–2 away win. On 29 December 2010, Arshavin scored a scissor kick volley to bring Arsenal level when they were 1–0 down to Wigan Athletic. He later made an assist for Nicklas Bendtner to put Arsenal 2–1 up, but after a Sébastien Squillaci own goal, the match ended 2–2. He then won the Man of the Match award for best performance by Arsenal fans for the second time. On 1 February 2011, Arshavin came off the bench in the 62nd minute and scored his first 2011-goal and first goal since December just 8 minutes later to make Arsenal level when they were 1–0 down to Everton in a game that Arsenal won 2–1. He then won the Man of the Match award for best performance by Arsenal fans for the third time. On 16 February 2011, Arshavin scored as Arsenal beat Barcelona for the first time in their history in a 2–1 win in the Champions League round of 16. This was Arshavin's first Champions League goal for Arsenal not scored in the group stage. The next day, Arsenal centre back Johan Djourou stated that "Arshavin showed he is a great player," because of his winning goal and his rising performance from his recent dip in form. During his goal celebration against Barcelona, Arshavin memorably lifted up his jersey to reveal a t-shirt with an image of himself performing his normal finger-to-the-lips celebration. On 20 February 2011, Arsenal faced Leyton Orient for The FA Cup fifth-round, a 1–1 draw in which Arshavin won the Man of the Match award for best performance by Arsenal fans for the fourth time, even though he did not score, though he did come close numerous times. Arshavin's next Premier League goal was away to West Bromwich Albion, bringing the score to 2–1 after West Brom had earlier taken a 2–0 lead. He also provided the cross for Robin van Persie's late equaliser in that game. 2011–12 On 10 September 2011, Arshavin scored his first goal of the season against Swansea City after a bizarre mistake by goalkeeper Michel Vorm. His other performances in the season were riddled with criticism about his refusal to track back and help with defense. During a home game against Manchester United, Arshavin was booed when he came on for Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain although it is believed that the booing was directed at the decision to make a substitution and not at Arshavin himself. On 11 February 2012, Arshavin provided Thierry Henry with the winning goal in the match against Sunderland. After coming on during the second half, Arshavin found space to deliver a cross during injury time, from the left side of the pitch despite being marked by two players. The cross found Henry's foot and made it into the back of the net. Return to Zenit (loan) After intense speculation about joining Anzhi Makhachkala and reuniting with former Russian national team coach Guus Hiddink, Arshavin sealed a loan move to his boyhood club Zenit Saint Petersburg for the remainder of the 2011–12 season, just 40 seconds before the end of the deadline day of the Russian transfer window. An intention to hold on to a place in Russia's Euro 2012 squad was the reason behind Arshavin's move to Luciano Spalletti's side in Saint Petersburg. On 3 March, Arshavin made his loan debut for Zenit in an away fixture against CSKA Moscow which ended in a 2–2 draw. Arshavin wasn't eligible to feature in Zenit's 2–0 loss to Benfica in the last 16 of the Champions League. In total, Arshavin made 11 appearances in his second spell at Zenit, scoring three goals. 2012–13 Arshavin returned to Arsenal for the start of the 2012–13 season. He appeared as a 77th-minute substitute in their first game of the season, a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 18 August 2012. On 26 September, Arshavin was handed his first start of the season in the League Cup. He scored the third goal and assisted two others in a 6–1 win over Coventry City. On 20 October, Arshavin made his 100th Premier League appearance for Arsenal in a 1–0 loss against Norwich City. He also played in Arsenal's 2–1 loss against Olympiacos in the Champions League on 4 December. Arshavin went on to leave Arsenal in June 2013. All in all Arshavin scored 31 goals with a sum of 41 assists which came from 143 caps for the club altogether. Return to Zenit On 27 June 2013, it was announced that Arshavin signed a two-year deal with Zenit, moving on a free transfer. Arshavin stated that he was "very happy to put on Zenit's shirt again." Arshavin scored on his second league appearance for the club, opening a 1–1 draw at home to Kuban Krasnodar on 26 July, before netting again on 7 August, in a 5–0 win in the Champions League third qualifying round against FC Nordsjælland. In a total of 21 Russian Premier League appearances in 2013–14, he scored only one more goal, in a 4–0 away win at Rostov on 22 September, and Zenit finished the season as runners-up. Kuban Krasnodar On 13 July 2015, Arshavin signed for Kuban Krasnodar on a one-year deal. His contract was dissolved by mutual consent on 1 February 2016. Kairat On 18 March 2016, Arshavin signed for FC Kairat on a one-year deal, with the option of a second year. He also won the Kazakhstan Premier League's Player of the Month award for July 2016, and again in September 2016. Arshavin extended his stay at the club for an additional year on 9 November 2016. He was after such bestowed with the Kazakhstan Player of the Year award for 2016. Arshavin went on to win with Kairat the Kazakhstan Super Cup of 2017. On 5 November 2018, Kairat announced that Arshavin will leave the club after his farewell game on 11 November 2018. On 3 December 2018, Arshavin confirmed his retirement as a player. International career Arshavin debuted for the Russian national team on 17 May 2002, but was overlooked for the Russia squads at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2004. His first goal with the squad came in a friendly match versus Romania on 13 February 2003. Since then, he has managed to score or assist in every competition which Russia has participated in. He was Russia's captain in a Euro 2008 qualifier against Estonia. On 11 June 2009, Arshavin was made first-choice captain for Russia by manager Guus Hiddink. UEFA Euro 2008 Arshavin was included in Russia's Euro 2008 squad by Guus Hiddink, despite being unable to play in the first two group matches due to suspension. He announced his return by setting up the first goal and scoring the second in Russia's final group game against Sweden at Tivoli Neu, Innsbruck, which helped his team qualify for the next round. In the next match, the quarter-final against the Netherlands, Arshavin repeated the feat with his part in Russia's two goals in the second half of extra time, providing the cross for Dmitri Torbinski's goal and scoring his own four minutes later. Russia consequently reached the semi-finals with a 3–1 victory. For both of these games, UEFA awarded him Man of the Match. However, Arshavin could not repeat the heroics in the semi-final against eventual winners Spain, which Russia lost 3–0. Despite this, Arshavin was named in UEFA's squad for Euro 2008. He, along with the rest of the Russian team, received a bronze medal. 2010 World Cup qualifying Arshavin captained the team to a second-place finish in their group, scoring three goals in ten games. He provided the assist for Diniyar Bilyaletdinov's second goal to seal a 2–1 win over Slovenia in the first leg of the qualification play-offs. Despite this, Russia lost the second leg 1–0, knocking them out of the World Cup finals on away goals. UEFA Euro 2012 Arshavin was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012. He started all three of their games in the group stage of Group A, as Russia were eliminated in the group stage, finishing third place behind on the head-to-head ruling. Nonetheless, Arshavin was statistically named the best midfielder of the tournament by UEFA, having earned the most assists in the fewest minutes on the pitch (270 minutes). After the tournament, Russian fans were left disappointed by comments from Arshavin, who said: "the fact that we [Russian national team] hadn't exceed your [fans] expectations is not our [the players'] problem, it is your [fans'] problems." Arshavin later apologized for his comment as well as Russia's early exit from the tournament. After playing in new manager Fabio Capello's first match in charge, a friendly match with Ivory Coast, Arshavin was omitted from Russia's squad for the entirety of its 2014 World Cup qualification campaign. 2018 World Cup bid On 2 December 2010, Arshavin made a speech during Russia's presentation of its successful bid for the 2018 World Cup. Personal life Arshavin carried the Olympic Flame during the St. Petersburg leg of the torch relay for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Arshavin and his former common-law wife Julia Baranovskaya met in 2003. They have three children, two sons named Artyom and Arseniy. and daughter Yana. On 14 August 2012, Arshavin confirmed on his official website that he and Julia had their second son, Arseniy. In September 2016, he married Alisa Arshavina, with whom he has a daughter. After a year of marriage, the couple reportedly divorced. Career statistics Club Notes International Scores and results list Russia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Arshavin goal. Honours Zenit Saint Petersburg Russian Premier League: 2007, 2011–12, 2014–15 Russian Premier League Cup: 2003 Russian Super Cup: 2008 UEFA Cup: 2007–08 UEFA Super Cup: 2008 Kairat Kazakhstan Cup: 2017, 2018 Kazakhstan Super Cup: 2017 Individual Ballon d'Or sixth place: 2008 Premier League Player of the Month: April 2009 Footballer of the Year in Russia (Futbol): 2006 Footballer of the Year in Russia (Sport-Express): 2006 Baltic and Commonwealth of Independent States Footballer of the Year: 2007, 2008, 2009 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2008 UEFA Cup Final Man of the Match: 2008 Kazakhstan Premier League Player of the Month: July 2016, September 2016 Kazakhstan Player of the Year: 2016 References Bibliography Marc Bennetts, 'Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the People's Game,' Virgin Books, (15 May 2008), 0753513196 External links Official website Arsenal Profile AndrArshavuin23 Arshavin Twitter page RSSSF Russia – Record International Players Player profile Andrey Arshavin at the Forbes 1981 births Living people Footballers from Saint Petersburg Russian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders FC Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg players FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players UEFA Cup winning players Arsenal F.C. players FC Kuban Krasnodar players FC Kairat players Russian Premier League players Premier League players Kazakhstan Premier League players Russia men's under-21 international footballers Russia men's international footballers UEFA Euro 2008 players UEFA Euro 2012 players Russian expatriate men's footballers Russian expatriate sportspeople in England Russian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Arshavin
A chef de cuisine (, French for head of kitchen) or head chef is a chef that leads a kitchen and its cooks. A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne) (French for boss chef) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff. Function The chef de cuisine is in charge of all activities related to the kitchen, which usually includes creating menus, managing kitchen staff, ordering and purchasing stock and equipment, plating design, enforcing nutrition, safety, and sanitation, and ensuring the quality of the meals that are served in the restaurant. Chef de cuisine is the traditional French term, meaning "chief of the kitchen" or "kitchen manager", from which the English word chef is derived. Head chef is often used to designate someone with the same duties as an executive chef but, in larger restaurants there is usually someone in charge of a head chef such a general manager, who makes executive decisions such as the direction of the menu, has final authority regarding staff hiring and management decisions and sets the overall tone and style of the restaurant. This is often the case for executive chefs who are in charge of several restaurants. In many restaurants, executive chef or chef de cuisine will have a line-up/pre-shift (meetings with front of house (FOH) and back of house (BOH)) in order to prepare for the service and answer questions about the menu. In some food operations, the executive chef may assist in designing the menu, dining room and kitchen. He or she may also work with food purveyors, catering directors, equipment vendors, financial consultants, the media, sanitation inspectors and dietitians. An executive chef generally does not partake in food preparation or catering of patrons. Despite the title containing the word chef it is uncommon for executive chefs to cook and be in a kitchen. See also List of restaurant terminology Brigade de cuisine References Chefs Culinary terminology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef%20de%20cuisine
Consent to Treatment is the second album by Blue October. Pre-production sessions took place in Nashville with producer Blue Miller, and the final album recording sessions took place at Bay 7 Studios in Valley Village and Media Vortex in Burbank, California with producer Nick Launay. The album was released in the United States on August 15, 2000, by Universal Records. It is the band's first major-label album and their only album to feature former member Brant Coulter on guitar as well as their first album featuring Matt Noveskey. The opening track is a spoken poem written by Justin Furstenfeld and recited by Blue Miller. Ryan Smith sings the female backing vocals on "The Answer" and "Balance Beam." The cover art was inspired by Peter Gabriel's music videos for "Sledgehammer" and “Digging in the Dirt”. Matt Noveskey has said that Nick Launay was extremely nurturing in response to Noveskey's inquisitiveness during the Consent to Treatment production process, which was the impetus for Noveskey pursuing a career as a producer himself. When performed live, the album tells a story of Justin Furstenfeld first falling in love with his girlfriend Amanda. However, while Justin is away recording Blue October's debut album, Amanda betrays Justin by sleeping with his friend James. Upon finding out, Justin is enraged and is committed to a mental hospital after threatening to kill James and himself. Justin is diagnosed with schizophrenia, and is prescribed medication and eventually released and finds closure and happiness through shedding codependency and expressing his emotions through musical performance. Track listing All tracks written by Justin Furstenfeld except for "James", cowritten with Matt Noveskey. Personnel Justin Furstenfeld - lead vocals, guitar Brant Coulter - lead guitar Matt Noveskey - bass and acoustic guitars, backing vocals, sleeve art, George Winston - piano Ryan Delahoussaye - violin, mandolin Eric Gorfain - violin Jane Scarpantoni - cello, string arrangements Jeremy Furstenfeld - drums Blue Miller - vocals, producer, mixing Ryan Smith - backing vocals Martin Klemm - assistant engineer David Ahlert - assistant engineer Kevin Page - assistant engineer Greg Archilla - production, mixing Nick Launay - producer, engineer, mixing Bob Ludwig - mastering References 2000 albums Blue October albums Albums produced by Nick Launay Universal Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consent%20to%20Treatment
Chamar (or Jatav) is a Dalit community classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of affirmative action. They are found throughout the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern states of India and in Pakistan and Nepal. History The Chamars are traditionally associated with leather work. Ramnarayan Rawat posits that the association of the Chamar community with a traditional occupation of tanning was constructed, and that the Chamars were instead historically agriculturists. The term chamar is used as a pejorative word for dalits in general. It has been described as a casteist slur by the Supreme Court of India and the use of the term to address a person as a violation of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. In reference to villages of Rohtas and Bhojpur district of Bihar, prevalence of a practice was revealed, in which it was obligatory for the women of Chamar, Musahar and Dusadh community to have sexual contacts with their Rajput landlords. In order to keep their men in submissive position, these upper-caste landlords raped these Dalit women, and often implicate the male members of latter's family in false cases, when they refused sexual contacts with them. The other form of oppression which was inflicted on them was disallowing them to walk on the pathways and draw water from the wells, which belonged to Rajputs. The "pinching of breast" by the upper caste landlords and the undignified teasings were also common form of oppression. In the 1970s, the activism of peasant organizations like "Kisan Samiti" is said to have brought an end to these practices and subsequently the dignity was restored to the women of lower castes. The oppression however was not fully stopped as the friction between upper-caste landlords and the tillers continued. There are reports which indicates that the upper-caste landlords often took the help of Police in order to beat the women of Chamar caste and draw them out of their villages on the question of parity in wages. Movement for upward social mobility Between the 1830s and the 1950s, the Chamars in the United Provinces, especially in the Kanpur area, became prosperous as a result of their involvement in the British leather trade. By the late 19th century, the Chamars began rewriting their caste histories, claiming Kshatriya descent. For example, around 1910, U.B.S. Raghuvanshi published Shri Chanvar Purana from Kanpur, claiming that the Chamars were originally a community of Kshatriya rulers. He claimed to have obtained this information from Chanvar Purana, an ancient Sanskrit-language text purportedly discovered by a sage in a Himalayan cave. According to Raghuvanshi's narrative, the god Vishnu once appeared in form of a Shudra before the community's ancient king Chamunda Rai. The king chastised Vishnu for reciting the Vedas, an act forbidden for a Shudra. The god then revealed his true self, and cursed his lineage to become Chamars, who would be lower in status than the Shudras. When the king apologized, the god declared that the Chamars will get an opportunity to rise again in the Kaliyuga after the appearance of a new sage (whom Raghuvanshi identifies as Ravidas). A section of Chamars claimed Kshatriya status as Jatavs, tracing their lineage to Krishna, and thus, associating them with the Yadavs. Jatav Veer Mahasabha, an association of Jatav men founded in 1917, published multiple pamphlets making such claims in the first half of the 20th century. The association discriminated against lower-status Chamars, such as the "Guliyas", who did not claim Kshatriya status. In the first half of the early 20th century, the most influential Chamar leader was Swami Achutanand, who founded the anti-Brahmanical Adi Hindu movement, and portrayed the lower castes as the original inhabitants of India, who had been enslaved by Aryan invaders. Political rise In the 1940s, the Indian National Congress promoted the Chamar politician Jagjivan Ram to counteract the influence of B.R. Ambedkar; however, he remained an aberration in a party dominated by the upper castes. In the second half of the 20th century, the Ambedkarite Republican Party of India (RPI) in Uttar Pradesh remained dominated by Chamars/Jatavs, despite attempts by leaders such as B.P. Maurya to expand its base. After the decline of the RPI in the 1970s, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) attracted Chamar voter base. It experienced electoral success under the leadership of the Chamar leaders Kanshi Ram and Mayawati; Mayawati who eventually became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Other Dalit communities, such as Bhangis, complained of Chamar monopolisation of state benefits such as reservation. Several other Dalit castes, resenting the domination of Dalit politics by Chamars/Jatavs, came under the influence of the Sangh Parivar. Nevertheless, with the rise of BSP in Uttar Pradesh, a collective solidarity and uniform Dalit identity was framed, which led to coming together of various antagonistic Dalit communities. In the past, Chamar had shared bitter relationship with the Pasis, another Dalit caste. The root cause of this bitter relationship was their roles in feudal society. The Pasis worked as lathail or stick wielders for the "Upper Caste" landlords and the later had compelled them in past to beat Chamars many a times. Under the unification drive of BSP, these rival castes came together for the cause of unity of Dalits under same political umbrella. Dhusia Dhusia is a caste in India, sometimes associated with Chamars, Ghusiya, Jhusia or Jatav. They are found in Uttar Pradesh, and elsewhere. Most of the Dhusia in Punjab and Haryana migrated from Pakistan after partition of India. In Punjab, they are mainly found in Ludhiana, Patiala, Amritsar and Jalandhar cities. They are inspired by B. R. Ambedkar to adopt the surname Rao and Jatav. Occupations Chamars who have adopted the weaving profession and abandoned tanning and leathercraft, identify themselves as Julaha Chamar. R. K. Pruthi suggests this is in the hope that they might in future be considered as Julaha by other communities. They believe that leatherwork is "degrading" when compared to weaving. Chamar Regiment The 1st Chamar Regiment was an infantry regiment formed by the British during World War II. Officially, it was created on 1 March 1943, as the 27th Battalion 2nd Punjab Regiment. It was converted to the 1st Battalion and later disbanded shortly after World War II ended. The Regiment, with one year of service, received three Military Crosses and three Military Medals It fought in the Battle of Kohima. In 2011, several politicians demanded that it be revived. Demographics According to the 2001 census of India, the Chamars comprise around 14 per cent of the population in the state of Uttar Pradesh and 12 percent of that in Punjab. The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh combined the Chamar, Dhusia, Jhusia, Jatava Scheduled Caste communities and returned a population of 22,496,047. Caste reservation Chamar is classified as a scheduled caste in India. It is largely believed that among the scheduled castes, Chamar benefitted more from the caste reservation system as compared to Valmikis, Bhangis and other Dalit castes due to larger political representation of the group. Chamars in Nepal The Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies the Chamar as a subgroup within the broader social group of Madheshi Dalits. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, 335,893 people (1.3% of the population of Nepal) were Chamar. The frequency of Chamars by province was as follows: Madhesh Province (4.2%) Lumbini Province (2.1%) Koshi Province (0.3%) Bagmati Province (0.0%) Gandaki Province (0.0%) Karnali Province (0.0%) Sudurpashchim Province (0.0%) The frequency of Chamars was higher than national average (1.3%) in the following districts: Parasi (7.4%) Siraha (5.7%) Parsa (4.7%) Bara (4.4%) Saptari (4.3%) Dhanusha (3.8%) Rautahat (3.8%) Kapilvastu (3.7%) Rupandehi (3.7%) Mahottari (3.6%) Sarlahi (3.6%) Banke (1.9%) Notable people Jagjivan Ram, former Deputy Prime Minister of India Kanshi Ram (1934–2006), founder of Bahujan Samaj Party and mentor of Mayawati Kumari Mayawati, leader of Bahujan Samaj Party and Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Mohan Lal Kureel was a British Indian Army officer who served in The Chamar Regiment and later an Indian National Congress politician in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. See also Ahirwar Hindu Mochi Muslim Mochi References Bibliography Further reading Dalit communities Leatherworking castes Ethnic groups in Nepal Ethnic groups in India Scheduled Castes of Assam Scheduled Castes of Haryana Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand Scheduled Castes of Delhi Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan Scheduled Castes of Punjab Scheduled Castes of Madhya Pradesh Scheduled Castes of Odisha Scheduled Castes of Gujarat Scheduled Castes of Bihar Scheduled Castes of West Bengal Scheduled Castes of Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes of Dadra and Nagar Haveli Scheduled Castes of Himachal Pradesh Scheduled Castes of Chhattisgarh Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh Scheduled Castes of Uttarakhand Scheduled Castes of Maharashtra Scheduled Castes of Jammu and Kashmir Scheduled Castes of Kerala Scheduled Castes of Mizoram Scheduled Castes of Meghalaya	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamar
The Democratic Socialist Federation was founded by members of the Social Democratic Federation who had opposed the latter's 1956 reunification with the Socialist Party of America in 1956. The Federation merged with the Socialist Party in March 1972. In December of that year, the Socialist Party–Social Democratic Federation voted to change its name to Social Democrats, USA. Convention of December 1972 In its 1972 Convention, the Socialist Party had two Co-Chairmen, Bayard Rustin and Charles S. Zimmerman (of the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union, ILGWU) and a First National Vice Chairman, James S. Glaser, who were re-elected by acclamation. The Party changed its name to "Social Democrats, USA" by a vote of 73 to 34. Changing the name of the Socialist Party to "Social Democrats USA" was intended to be "realistic." The New York Times observed that the Socialist Party had last sponsored a candidate for President in 1956, who received only 2,121 votes, which were cast in only six states. Because the Socialist Party no longer sponsored candidates in Presidential elections, continued use of the name "Party" was "misleading" and hindered the recruiting of activists who participated in the Democratic Party, according to the majority report. The name "Socialist" was replaced by "Social Democrats" because many American associated the word "socialism" with Soviet communism. Moreover, the organization sought to distinguish itself from two small Marxist parties. References Further reading The 1972 reunification of the Democratic Socialist Federation with the Socialist Party of America is discussed in Maurice Isserman, The Other American: The Life of Michael Harrington (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000). . Political parties established in 1956 Factions of the Socialist Party of America	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic%20Socialist%20Federation
Christian Gustavo Bassedas (born 16 February 1973) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. Bassedas made 267 appearances for Vélez Sársfield, giving him the eleventh most appearances in club history. He is currently the head coach of UAI Urquiza. Career Club Bassedas is a product of Vélez Sársfield youth divisions, club where he debuted professionally on 3 March 1991. He played as a sweeper (libero), and was an important part of Vélez most successful years during the 1990s. He won four national championships with the club, and five international (including the 1994 Intercontinental Cup, where he was a starter in the 2–0 victory over A.C. Milan). In 2000, he joined English FA Premier League club Newcastle United for £3,500,000. He played for them in the period 2000–2003, though on loan to Tenerife briefly during the 2001–02 season. He scored once in the league for Newcastle in a 3–1 defeat at Chelsea in January 2001. In 2003, he joined Argentine Newell's Old Boys, but after two months of pre-season training he decided to retire from football at the age of 30. He later worked for Fox Sports en Latinoamérica as a commentator on FA Premier League matches. International Bassedas played for the Argentina national team during the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification matches, but was not part of the squad for the World Cup. He also won a silver medal at the 1996 Olympics and a gold medal at the 1995 Pan Americans, where he captained the team. Management At the end of 2008, Bassedas was appointed as sports consultant of Vélez Sársfield of the Argentine Primera División. His first order of business was to recommend Ricardo Gareca to fill the coaching spot. He was also essential in the negotiations to bring Maximiliano Moralez, Sebastián Domínguez and Joaquín Larrivey to the club. In his first season with the club, Vélez won the Clausura 09. In November 2015, he was appointed as manager of Vélez Sársfield. He resigned in September 2016, after a 0–3 loss against Racing Club, citing the violent reaction Vélez supporters as his reason for leaving. He was appointed as the head coach of Club Olimpo on 20 December 2017. On 6 October 2018, Bassedas was appointed as the head coach of UAI Urquiza. Honours Player Club Vélez Sársfield Primera División Argentina (4): Clausura 93, Apertura 95, Clausura 96, Clausura 98 Copa Libertadores (1): 1994 Intercontinental Cup (1): 1994 Copa Interamericana (1): 1994 Supercopa Sudamericana (1): 1996 Recopa Sudamericana (1): 1997 International Argentina national team Pan American Gold Medal (1): Mar del Plata 1995 Olympic Silver Medal (1): Atlanta 1996 General manager Vélez Sársfield Primera División Argentina (1): Clausura 09 References External links Profile at Vélez Sársfield's official website 1973 births Living people Footballers from Buenos Aires Argentine men's footballers Argentine expatriate men's footballers Argentina men's youth international footballers Argentina men's international footballers Expatriate men's footballers in England Expatriate men's footballers in Spain 1995 King Fahd Cup players 1997 Copa América players Men's association football midfielders Olympic footballers for Argentina Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists for Argentina Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield footballers Newcastle United F.C. players CD Tenerife players Argentine Primera División players Premier League players La Liga players Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England Olympic medalists in football Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield managers Pan American Games medalists in football Footballers at the 1995 Pan American Games Argentine football managers Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Bassedas
Japan was the host nation for the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. 328 competitors, 270 men and 58 women, took part in 155 events in 21 sports. Medalists \| width=78% align=left valign=top \| \| width=22% align=left valign=top \| Athletics Basketball Preliminary round Group A October 11 12 October October 13 October 14 October 16 October 17 October 18 Classification brackets 9th–12th Place 21 October 9th Place 23 October Boxing Men Canoeing Men Women Cycling 15 cyclists represented Japan in 1964. Road Track 1000m time trial Men's tandem Men's Sprint Pursuit Diving Men Women Equestrian Dressage Eventing Show jumping Fencing 15 fencers, 11 men and 4 women, represented Japan in 1964. Men's foil Kazuo Mano Heizaburo Okawa Kazuhiko Tabuchi Men's team foil Kazuhiko Tabuchi, Fujio Shimizu, Kazuo Mano, Heizaburo Okawa, Sosuke Toda Men's épée Heizaburo Okawa Kazuhiko Tabuchi Toshiaki Araki Men's team épée Toshiaki Araki, Katsutada Minatoi, Kazuhiko Tabuchi, Heizaburo Okawa, Takeshi Teshima Men's sabre Mitsuyuki Funamizu Seiji Shibata Teruhiro Kitao Men's team sabre Fujio Shimizu, Teruhiro Kitao, Seiji Shibata, Mitsuyuki Funamizu Women's foil Tomoko Owada Tamiko Yasui Yoshie Takeuchi Women's team foil Yoshie Komori, Tamiko Yasui, Tomoko Owada, Yoshie Takeuchi Football First round Group D Quarter-finals First consolation round Played by losing quarter-finalists. Gymnastics Hockey Preliminary round The preliminary round was conducted by breaking the 15 teams into two groups of 7 and 8 teams. The groups then played a round-robin tournament with each team playing the other teams in the group once. 2 points were awarded for a win, 1 point for a tie, and 0 for a loss. The top two teams from each group advanced to the semifinals while the third and fourth played in consolation semifinals. Group A Pakistan def. Japan 1-0 Australia def. Japan 3-1 Japan def. Kenya 2-0 Great Britain def. Japan 1-0 Japan def. Rhodesia 2-1 Japan def. New Zealand 1-0 Semifinals The top two teams in each of the groups played in the 1st-4th semifinals, with the winner of each group playing the second-place team in the other group. The third and fourth team in each group played in the consolation semifinals Judo Four judoka, all male, represented Japan in 1964. Men's lightweight Takehide Nakatani Men's mightweight Isao Okano Men's heavyweight Isao Inokuma Men's open class Akio Kaminaga Modern pentathlon Three male pentathletes represented Japan in 1964. Individual Shigeaki Uchino Yoshihide Fukutome Shigeki Mino Team Shigeaki Uchino Yoshihide Fukutome Shigeki Mino Rowing Men Sailing Open Shooting Ten shooters represented Japan in 1964. Yoshihisa Yoshikawa won the bronze medal in the 50 m pistol event. Men Swimming Men Women Volleyball Men's team competition Team roster Yutaka Demachi Tsutomu Koyama Sadatoshi Sugahara Naohiro Ikeda Yassu Saito Toshiaki Kosedo Tokihiko Higuchi Masayuki Minami Takeshi Tokutomi Teruhisa Moriyama Yūzo Nakamura Katsutoshi Nekoda Women's team competition Final standings Team roster Masae Kasai Emiko Miyamoto Kinuko Tanida Yuriko Handa Yoshiko Matsumura Sata Isobe Katsumi Matsumura Yoko Shinozaki Setsuko Sasaki Yuko Fujimoto Masako Kondo Ayano Shibuki Head coach: Hirofumi Daimatsu Water polo Group A October 11, 1964 October 12, 1964 October 13, 1964 Weightlifting Men Wrestling References External links Official Olympic Reports International Olympic Committee results database Nations at the 1964 Summer Olympics 1964 Summer Olympics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20at%20the%201964%20Summer%20Olympics
John Charles Eaton (March 30, 1935 – December 2, 2015) was an American composer. Born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Eaton attended Princeton University, where he graduated in 1957. He later lived in Rome (1957–68), returning to Princeton to earn a PhD in 1970. He subsequently held faculty appointments at Indiana University (1970–92) and the University of Chicago (1989–99). Eaton was a prominent composer of microtonal music, and worked with Paul Ketoff and Robert Moog during the 1960s in developing several types of synthesizer. Notably, he was involved in the development, use, and ultimately unsuccessful commercialization of the SynKet. He devised a compositional genre called pocket opera, operas scored for a small cast of vocalists and a chamber group, and composed such pocket opera works as Peer Gynt, Let's Get This Show on the Road, and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. His operas include The Cry of Clytaemnestra (1980), a re-telling of some of the events surrounding the Trojan War from the perspective of Agamemnon's wife Clytaemnestra, which has been hailed as the first feminist opera. It was premièred in Bloomington, at the Indiana University Opera Theater, on March 1, 1980, and received a number of subsequent productions, most notably in New York and California. Eaton's opera, The Tempest, with a libretto by Andrew Porter after William Shakespeare, was premièred at the Santa Fe Opera on July 27, 1985, and subsequently performed in the autumn of 1986 at the Indiana University School of Music. During his tenure at the University of Chicago, Eaton concentrated on works for smaller ensembles, including chamber operas that involved dramatic participation of the instrumentalists alongside the singers. He founded and directed The Pocket Opera Players, a professional troupe dedicated to the performance of his works in this genre, and occasionally those of fellow composers interested in the form. He continued to lead the Pocket Opera Players in New York City, after his retirement from Chicago in 2001. He was a recipient of the Prix de Rome, a Guggenheim Fellowship, and a MacArthur Fellowship. Eaton died on December 2, 2015, following a brain hemorrhage. His wife Nelda Nelson-Eaton and two children, Estela and Julian, survive him. Operas Ma Barker (written 1957–58) Herakles (written 1964; October 10, 1968, Turin) Myshkin (April 23, 1973 Bloomington, Ind.) The Lion and Androcles (written 1973; May 1, 1974 Indianapolis) Danton and Robespierre (written 1978; April 21, 1978 Bloomington) The Cry of Clytemnestra (written 1979–80; March 1, 1980 Bloomington) The Tempest (written 1983–85; July 27, 1985 Santa Fe) The Reverend Jim Jones (written 1989) Let's Get This Show on the Road (written 1993) Golk (written 1995) Antigone (written 1999) . . . inasmuch (written 2002) King Lear (written 2003–2004) References Footnotes External links Living Composers Project entry for John Eaton Opera Glass Extensive interview with John Eaton Music Sales page on John Eaton Indiana University, Jacobs School of Music page on John Eaton University of Chicago page on John Eaton American Composers Alliance page on John Eaton John Eaton Interview – NAMM Oral History Library (2010) Interview with John Eaton, July 9, 1990 1935 births 2015 deaths 20th-century American composers 20th-century classical composers 21st-century American composers 21st-century classical composers American classical composers American expatriates in Italy American male classical composers American opera composers MacArthur Fellows Male opera composers Microtonal composers Musicians from Pennsylvania People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Princeton University alumni Pupils of Roger Sessions Pupils of Edward T. Cone University of Chicago faculty 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Eaton%20%28composer%29
South Dakota's 2nd congressional district is an obsolete district. It was created after the 1910 census and was eliminated as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census. Members were elected at-large until the formation of individual districts after the 1910 census. From 1913 until 1933, the 2nd district covered much of northeastern South Dakota, including the cities of Aberdeen, Brookings, Huron, and Watertown. When South Dakota's 3rd congressional district was eliminated after the 1930 census, the 2nd district was relocated to cover all of the counties in South Dakota west of the Missouri River. Population changes eventually moved the district's boundaries further east. During the 97th Congress, it covered all but the 21 easternmost counties in the state. List of members representing the district References Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present 02 Former congressional districts of the United States 1913 establishments in South Dakota 1983 disestablishments in South Dakota Constituencies established in 1913 Constituencies disestablished in 1983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Dakota%27s%202nd%20congressional%20district
In the Pursuit of Leisure is the fifth studio album by American rock band Sugar Ray, released in 2003. Singer-songwriter Esthero and reggae singer Shaggy both make guest appearances. It features the single "Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)", a song which includes samples from both Sweet's hit "Love Is Like Oxygen" and Midnight Star's hit "No Parking (On the Dance Floor)." That track was a success and reached the #20 spot on Billboard's Adult Top 40. A cover of Joe Jackson's new wave song "Is She Really Going Out With Him?" was released as the second single. It had similar success and reached the #29 spot on Billboard's Adult Top 40. Reception and sales Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic awarded it four out of five stars, calling it "another winning record by a band who has proven to be far more resilient than anybody could have guessed when 'Fly' flew to the top of the charts in 1997." The album only sold 135,000 copies, far less than the band's prior self-titled release, which had gone platinum. The album's commercial failure led to a six-year gap in releasing their next album. Track listing Credits Sugar Ray Sugar Ray ― songwriting (1, & 3-11) Mark McGrath – lead vocals Rodney Sheppard – guitar, backing vocals Murphy Karges – bass, backing vocals DJ Homicide – turntables, samples, programming; keyboards, backing vocals Stan Frazier – drums, percussion, backing vocals Additional personnel Songwriting on "Is She Really Going Out with Him?" Joe Jackson Guest vocalists Esthero – "Heaven" ProHoeZak (Simon McKinley) – "Mr. Bartender (It's So Easy)" Shaggy – "56 Hope Road" References External links Sugar Ray albums 2003 albums Atlantic Records albums Albums produced by David Kahne	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Pursuit%20of%20Leisure
The pouf or pouffe also "toque" (literally a thick cushion) is a hairstyle and a hairstyling support deriving from 18th-century France. It was made popular by the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette (1755–1793), when she wore it in June 1775 at the coronation of her husband Louis XVI, triggering a wave of French noblewomen to wear their hair in the same manner. The hairstyle would become popular across Europe in the 1780s. Beginning and evolution Marie Antoinette acquired the hairstyle, which was a creation from the famed hairdresser of the day, Léonard Autié. In April 1774, it was first sported as Le Pouf Sentimental by Duchess de Chartres at the Opera. The Duchesse's hairstyle was immense. 14 yards of gauze were wrapped around a tower as well as two figures representing the baby Duc de Beaujolais in his nurse's arms with an African boy (a particular favorite of the Duchess) at her feet. A parrot and a plate of cherries were also added. From then on it quickly became widespread amongst noble and upper-class women in France during the time. It was highly creative and artistic, and women could literally wear their moods through strategically placed decorations and ornaments. Ships, animals and hundreds of other novelty items could be seen on these poufs. Other decorations included pearls, headdresses/hats, hair jewellery, and plumage, such as ostrich feathers. The pouf became popular throughout Europe during the same era, with Georgiana Cavendish, the Duchess of Devonshire, the most notably famous for her hair in England. Queen Charlotte of Great Britain would also fashion her hair into the pouf. As the 1780s progressed the style in which the pouf was worn evolved to become somewhat more conservative. From 1789, upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, the pouf became more of a political weapon for women who supported the revolution in turning against their former Queen's most popular fashion statement. As the 18th century came to an end, and the beginning of the 19th century, new fashions came along for hair, and the pouf, after the execution of Marie Antoinette, became history. Hairstyles similar to the pouf returned in both the 20th and 21st century with the more modern name beehive, worn by stars such as Dusty Springfield, The Ronettes, and Amy Winehouse. Styling The pouf was a very elaborate and time-consuming hairstyle; hours were needed to create it. To create the base, a very thin metal frame was used to structure the shape. Also a triangular pillow (pouf, toque) was used as support. The frame was then padded and intertwined with pomaded false hair 'postiches', and one's own hair would be taken in. The pomaded hair would then be curled in various sections (varying on the specific style), with heated clay curlers lined with strips of thin paper. The lovelocks would be curled in a similar fashion. Once the shaping and styling was done, it would be finished off with white or grey powder, and decoration proceeded. In the mid- to late-1770s, huge hair became all the rage. This high hairstyle was created using toques (or “cushions”) which were made of fabric or cork and shaped like a heart or spear. It was attached to the top of the head, and then natural and false hair was curled, waved, or frizzed and piled over and around the cushion. A high hairstyle was not necessarily time-consuming or too labour-intensive. The following styling without decorations takes only 15 minutes, and a hairdo of some 30 cm (one foot) in height is achieved. "18th century women did not scrub their hair clean, so much as cleanse it. Instead of daily lathering of soap and water, they worked pomatum into the hair with their fingers, added powder, and then brushed and combed vigorously. More powder was dusted on before styling to achieve the fashionable matte, "dusty" look of powder and to make dark hair paler. Women did not tease their hair, but added extra volume with padded forms called rollers (thick, sausage-shaped pillow) and cushions. Sewn of wool cloth to match the wearer's hair, these were shaped pillows stuffed lightly with down or sheep's wool. The hair was wrapped around, or pulled through the forms, and smoothed and pinned into the desired shape. Side curls could be rolled and pinned into place, and extra touches could include braids or false curls." Height The height varied, generally from very subtle one foot (30 cm) to as much as two feet (60 cm). The height of these styles was generally about 1 to 1 1/2 times the length of the face, and was styled in what was considered a pyramid shape (it also looks very much like a hot air balloon). In 1775, Queen Maria Theresa of Austria wrote to her daughter Queen Marie Antoinette: In 1776 Marie Antoinette had a hairstyle so high, that the plumes had to be removed from the coiffure, to get her in the carriage. The hairstyles of the day "reached such a height that it was necessary for ladies to kneel on the carriage floor—or hold the towering hairpieces outside the coach windows en route to balls and the opera." Care The hairstyle would remain in the wearer's hair for about a week or two, until it was no longer hygienic (due to the pomade) or it could no longer keep its shape, and it was then simply washed and redone. Coated with animal fat and a powder mixed from wheat flour, the hair would become rancid and would often attract vermin – ostensibly the origin of the term "her hair is a rat's nest". The best and most expensive fat for pomade was pork lard, due to its mild odour. A recipe for a pomatum from The Toilet of Flora (1779) consisted of mutton fat and pig's lard with essence of lemon and clove oil, to be kept in a jar. Clove oil acts as natural flea and tick repellent. When sleeping, women would add two or three pillows to keep their head upright and protect the hair. Great care was taken to duck when entering doorways and carriages, for the same reason. Women had to bend double to ride in their coaches, due to the immense height of the hair-dress. Women at court found it hard to keep up with the ever-changing fashion of hair. In order to keep these hairstyles from ruin, women would wear 'calash', a type of large carriage wheel-like bonnet, structured with boning, that accordioned open, which protected it from wind, dirt and rain. Cost Wealthier women may have had their hair done more often than this due to the cost of the technique and materials; Marie Antoinette at one time was said to have a different hairstyle every day, which were designed by her dressmaker Rose Bertin and her favourite coiffeur Léonard Autié. Countess Goyon de Matignon, known as Madame de Matignon, gave hairdresser Le sieur Beaulard 24,000 livres a year for styling her hair in a different way every day of the year. Duchess de Chartres ordered one batch of plumes from Genoa at a price of 50,000 livres. A chignon wig made to the opera singer Antoinette Saint-Huberty (Saint-Huberti) cost 232 livres. In 1781 a wedding coiffure cost 48 livres, a hairstyle for the day after the wedding 24 livres, and a hairstyle for the following days 6 livres. See also Fontange - a tall headdress/hairstyle in fashion before poufs Beehive (hairstyle) - A 20th century hairstyle of similar height, but created by teasing the hair List of hairstyles References 1770s fashion Hairstyles	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouf
KLOU (103.3 FM) is a radio station with a classic hits format in St. Louis, Missouri, specializing in hits from the 1980s and 1990s with some 1970s hits mixed in. Its transmitter is located in Gravois, and operates from studios in St. Louis south of Forest Park. It is owned by iHeartMedia (previously Clear Channel Communications until September 16, 2014). KLOU also broadcasts in the HD Radio digital format. History The station began broadcasting on February 12, 1962 as KMOX-FM, by playing an easy listening/standards format. The focus then shifted to an adult contemporary style of music by the 1970s. In the summer of 1981, KMOX-FM began gradually evolving its format toward Top 40/CHR by adding more and more current hits to its rotation; by August 1982, the transition was complete, and the station's call letters were changed to KHTR on December 20, 1982. "Hitradio 103", like sister stations WHTT in Boston and KKHR in Los Angeles, was modeled after programmer Mike Joseph's successful Hot Hits format, although unlike early Hot Hits stations, KHTR also played recurrent hits and oldies. KHTR was an almost immediate success, quickly becoming the #2 station in the demographic group 12 years old and over in the market, behind only sister KMOX. (1) The "Hot Hits" format led to the station sometimes being referred derisively as "Keep Hearing Those Repeats", a play on the KHTR call letters. The oldies arrived on November 5, 1988, when KHTR changed to its current call letters of KLOU, with the station playing hits from the 1950s, 1960s and early-mid-1970s. The first song played on “Oldies 103” was “Rock and Roll is Here to Stay” by Danny and the Juniors. The station was originally known as “Oldies 103” and eventually changing the branding name to “Oldies 103.3”. Gradually, the 1950s hits would disappear from the station's playlist, and more hits from the late 1970s and 1980s soon followed. The Oldies name was eventually dropped from the branding name and known as just 103.3 KLOU. KLOU was the official radio station for the NFL's St. Louis Rams from 2000 until it was replaced by all-sports newcomer WXOS in 2009. (This was shown in the station's logo from 2000–2007.) The station was first owned by CBS Radio until the mid-1990s, when a merger with American Radio Systems brought CBS over the ownership limit in several markets, including St. Louis. KLOU was purchased by Entercom in 1997, and then Clear Channel Communications (now, as previously stated, iHeartMedia) in 1999, and has been owned by the San Antonio-based company since then. KLOU now airs American Top 40 1970s' and 1980s' rebroadcasts on the weekends; as KHTR, the station aired AT40 for most of the 1980s. On June 18, 2007, KLOU dropped its "103.3 KLOU" branding and oldies format for a more classic hits approach as "My 103.3", launching with Bachman-Turner Overdrive's "Takin' Care of Business". They would later drop the "My" branding and return to using their call letters. On April 29, 2010, the station rebranded as "Rewind 103.3." On May 31, 2011, KLOU shifted their format to back to 1960s'-early 1980s' classic hits, and rebranded as "103.3 KLOU". During the mid to late 2010s, KLOU’s playlist would shift to a 1970s-1990s direction, with a core focus on music from the 1980s. All Rams Radio on HD2 Unlike most of Clear Channel's FM radio stations, KLOU's HD2 feed originally did not carry a direct feed from the Format Lab. Instead, the station, until 2009, aired a format called All Rams Radio, a year-round tape loop of complete St. Louis Rams games from recent weeks. During the offseason, games from as far back as the 1990s often aired on the subchannel. Even though iHeartMedia owns several flagship stations of NFL teams, St. Louis was the only market in which Clear Channel used this concept. As with all Clear Channel HD subchannels, All Rams Radio was available for free streaming on the Internet. While the NFL has been fairly strict regarding its prohibition of broadcasting live games, they made no comment about this arrangement. KLOU lost the rights to the Rams to Bonneville Broadcasting-owned WXOS in 2009, which brought an end to "All Rams Radio." Bonneville has since sold WXOS to Twin Cities-based Hubbard Broadcasting. "All Rams Radio" was replaced with 1950s/1960s hits. Previous logos References External links KLOU official website Radio stations established in 1962 Classic hits radio stations in the United States LOU 1962 establishments in Missouri IHeartMedia radio stations	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLOU
Kwan is a Finnish hip hop and pop music group from Helsinki. Most visible members of the band are the two vocalists Mariko (Mari Liisa Pajalahti) and Tidjan (Ossi Bah Tidiane). The band started as a hip hop act, but nowadays the songs contain more singing than rapping. The first album, Dynasty, sold platinum in Finland, the second one, The Die Is Cast double platinum. Trivia In spring 2007, lead vocalist Mariko is participating in the Finnish season 2 of Dancing with the Stars, dancing with Aleksi Seppänen. Contrary to expectations and with no ballroom dancing background whatsoever she eventually became the odds-on favourite to go all the way and win the competition. On 22 April 2007 they beat Sari Siikander and Mikko Ahti to win the final. Discography Studio albums Dynasty (2001) The Die Is Cast (2002) Love Beyond This World (2004) Little Notes (2006) Singles Padam (2001) Microphoneaye (2001) Late (2001) Rock Da House (2001) The Die Is Cast (2002) I Wonder (Promo-CD, 2002) Rain (2002) Shine (2002) Chillin' At The Grotto (2002) Unconditional Love (2004) Decadence Of The Heart (2004) Sharks In The Bloody Waters (2004) Diamonds (2006) Tainted Love (2006) 10,000 Light Years (2009) One Last Time (2014) External links Official Website Broken link! Finnish hip hop groups Finnish pop music groups Musical groups established in 2000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwan%20%28band%29
Ulrike Maier (22 October 1967 – 29 January 1994) was a World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria, a two-time World Champion in Super-G. She competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics. Born in Rauris, Salzburg, where her father ran a ski school, Maier won the Super-G gold medal at the World Championships in both 1989 and 1991. She also took home the giant slalom silver medal in the 1991 event. Her first of five World Cup wins came in November 1992 and she attained 21 podiums and 59 top ten finishes in her World Cup career. Accident Two weeks prior to the 1994 Winter Olympics, the women's World Cup was in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in late January. The downhill on the classic Kandahar course at Garmisch Classic was held on Saturday, 29 January, following an overnight snowfall. In a narrow part of the lower course less than twenty seconds from the finish, Maier's right ski caught an inside edge at , possibly from a patch of soft snow, and caused a violent crash which broke her neck. She died of her injuries shortly after being evacuated to the hospital in nearby Murnau. At the age of 26, she had considered retirement at the end of the 1994 season, due to a dip in form that resulted in disappointing performances at the 1992 Olympic Games in France and the 1993 World Championships in Japan. However, she had bounced back by winning two giant slaloms during the 1994 season and claiming podium finishes in the two Super Gs of Cortina. Following these results, she was reconsidering her decision in the days before the fateful downhill run, planning to continue until the 1995 World Championships in Spain. Unlike most other fatal skiing accidents, her crash happened during a live television broadcast. Maier was survived by her daughter Melanie (b. 1989) and was buried in her home village of Rauris, where thousands attended her funeral. Teammate and close friend Anita Wachter wore Maier's world championship medals in the procession. Initially it was claimed that her death was caused by hitting a wooden timing post. Based on that claim, Maier's fiancé Hubert Schweighhofer criticized the organizers of the race and filed suit against them. However, several months later the court found that Maier actually did not hit the timing post with her head, but probably broke her neck by crashing into a pile of snow on the border of the race course. The court did not find any negligence from the organizers and dismissed the suit. Manslaughter charges against two FIS race officials were dropped after a settlement was reached in 1996. World Cup results Season standings Race podiums 5 wins: (2 SG, 3 GS) 21 podiums: (8 SG, 10 GS, 1 SL, 1 PS, 1 K) World Championship results Olympic results References External links Ulrike Maier World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation 1967 births 1994 deaths People from Zell am See District Austrian female alpine skiers Filmed deaths in sports Skiing deaths Sport deaths in Germany Olympic alpine skiers for Austria Alpine skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics Alpine skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics Skiers from Salzburg (state) 20th-century Austrian women	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrike%20Maier
WFUN-FM (96.3 MHz) is a radio station in St. Louis, Missouri. The station airs an urban adult contemporary radio format branded as "96.3 The Lou". Owned by Audacy, Inc., the station's studios are located on Olive Street in St. Louis, while its transmitter is located off Watson Road in Shrewsbury. WFUN-FM has two HD Radio channels: 96.3-HD2 airs a classical music format operated by the non-profit Radio Arts Foundation, branded as "Classic 107.3" (relayed on FM translator K297BI 107.3 FM) 96.3-HD3 airs a Classic Rock format as "WAR-FM Weber Automotive Rocks". History Early Years The 96.5 frequency originally signed on the air on December 22, 1959 as KADI, the sister station to AM 1460 KADY in St. Charles. The stations were owned by William R. Cady (hence the KADI call letters); KADI-FM, the first new commercial FM in St. Louis since 1955, mostly simulcasted the AM station's programming. In 1965, as KADY failed due to financial difficulties, KADI was sold to Vanguard Broadcasting and returned to the air in 1966. In 1969, Richard J. Miller, owner of AM station KXLW in Clayton (now KSIV), acquired KADI and relaunched it with a progressive rock format. In 1972, KADI-FM was moved down one notch on the FM dial to 96.3 MHz to allow new station KSCF (now KFTK-FM) in Florissant to go on the air at 97.1 MHz. 1987-1993: Soft Rock In May 1987, the station's call letters were changed to KRJY, and the station switched to a soft adult contemporary format as "K-Joy 96" (later "J96"). In late 1991, the station switched to 1950s/1960s oldies as "Jukebox 96." 1993-2015: Classic Hits In 1993, the station was sold by R.J. Miller to Heritage Media, who also owned WIL-FM and WRTH. On March 24, 1994, at noon, the station adopted the KIHT call letters and "K-HITS 96" identity, flipping to a "Greatest Hits of the '70s" format, which would evolve into classic hits over the next few years. Heritage's St. Louis properties were sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group in the mid-1990s, and Sinclair sold the station to Emmis Communications in 2000. In October of that year, KIHT became the flagship for the #1 rated "Steve & DC" morning program. The fans of the much-talked about duo immediately followed them down the dial from WKKX (106.5 FM) to 96.3, and lifted KIHT from tenth place to first in persons 25 to 54 in only one ratings period upon the release of the Arbitron Fall 2000 book—a feat that continues to go unmatched in St. Louis radio history. In 2014, while keeping a Classic Hits direction, KIHT added more music from the late 1980s to the early 2000s, to compete against adult hits-formatted WARH. 2015-2020: Top 40 On January 30, 2015, at 5 a.m., after playing "Rock'n Me" by The Steve Miller Band, "Get The Party Started" by P!nk, and "Mama Said Knock You Out" by LL Cool J, KIHT flipped to an adult-leaning Top 40/CHR as "Now 96-3". The first song on "Now" was "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift. On February 5, 2015, KIHT changed call letters to KNOU to match the "Now" branding. In January 2018, KNOU and KFTK-FM were sold by Emmis to Entercom. In March 2018, after Entercom began managing the station under a local marketing agreement, KNOU shifted to a more mainstream CHR as its positioning was redundant to new sister station KYKY. 2020-Present: R&B On November 5, 2020, Urban One agreed to a station swap with Entercom in which they would swap ownership of four stations, including the intellectual property of WFUN-FM (95.5), to Entercom in exchange for WBT/WBT-FM, WFNZ and WLNK in Charlotte, North Carolina. As part of the terms of the deal, Entercom would take over operations via a local marketing agreement on November 23; however, as the station itself will remain with Urban One, it was announced that the Adult R&B format and WFUN-FM's intellectual property would move to KNOU on that date. The change took place at midnight on November 23; subsequently, Gateway Creative Broadcasting announced it would purchase WFUN-FM's former frequency and flip it to Christian Rhythmic CHR under the "Boost Radio" branding in January 2021. On November 24, 2020, the WFUN-FM call sign moved to 96.3; 95.5 then became KXBS. (The KNOU call letters were later adopted by Los Angeles sister station KAMP-FM, but was later replaced by the KNX-FM call letters on December 21, 2021, after management rebranded the station into a simulcast of the market's AM radio station bearing the said letters.) References External links Radio stations established in 1959 FUN Urban adult contemporary radio stations in the United States Audacy, Inc. radio stations 1959 establishments in Missouri	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFUN-FM
Hawksong is the first in a five book series of young adult fantasy shapeshifter novels called The Kiesha'ra Series. It was written by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes and published in 2003 when the author was 19. Hawksong is Atwater-Rhodes' most critically successful novel to date. Narrated by Danica Shardae, heir to the Tuuli Thea. During this first book in the Keisha'ra series, Danica is 16. Danica's tentative marriage to Zane Cobriana ends the thousands of years of warring between their people. The title refers to a lullaby that Danica sings to Zane's younger brother Gregory at the beginning of the book, while the boy is dying on the battlefield. Plot summary The book centers on two different kinds of shapeshifters: the avians and the serpiente. The avians have birds for second forms and their royal line consists of golden hawks. Their leader is the Tuuli Thea, or queen. The queen's pair bond is called her Alistair. Avian culture is uptight and strict, and it centers on, "avian reserve," the ability to keep complete control of one's emotions at all times. Avians do not lose their temper and they do not cry, no matter what the situation. The serpiente have the second form of a snake. Their royal line is the Cobriana, cobra shapeshifters descended from Kiesha, and their king is called the Diente. Their queen is the Naga. Serpiente wear sensual outfits and are free with their emotions, even in situations where some control might be appropriate. They are passionate and sometimes violent, the complete opposite of the avians. The two groups have been at war beyond living memory, so that nobody even remembers how the fighting started. The reason behind the war starting is given in Falcondance. All they know is that they hate each other and they will keep fighting until one of them is destroyed. The book takes place in roughly 705 BCE and is the romantic story of Danica Shardae, the heir to the Tuuli Thea. The novel opens with Danica walking the latest bloody battlefield and her discovery of the fallen Gregory Cobriana, who is the younger brother of the current Arami (Prince, soon to be Diente/King), Zane Cobriana. Despite her guards' warnings, Danica stays by Gregory's side, holding him, and singing the Hawksong, a lullaby, until the young prince passes. After Zane learns what Danica did for his brother, he sends his sister to the avians: the serpiente want peace. After a trip to the wise tiger shapeshifters, the Mistari, Zane and Danica secretly agree to marry despite their families' objections over the Mistari idea as well as their own hesitations. Danica has feelings for Andreios (Rei), her best friend, a crow and the leader of the Royal Flight and the highest commander in the avian army. Zane also has a relationship with the head of his palace guard, a white viper named Adelina. But over the course of the novel Zane and Danica grow fond of each other and eventually fall in love, but not before Adelina joins up with Karl, a member of the Royal Flight, to end the union between Zane and Danica. Adelina accidentally kills Zane's mother while attempting to assassinate Danica, who is critically wounded. However, she survives while Zane stays at her side. Their love continues from Zane's view, in Snakecharm. Awards and nominations The novel was an ALA Quick Pick, School Library Journal Best Book of the Year, and Voice of Youth Advocates Best Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror selection. Sequel The sequel to Hawksong is Snakecharm, which was released in 2004. External links Hawksong, scanned book via Internet Archive, the Sloan Foundation and the Library of Congress. Hawksong Book Review 2003 American novels American fantasy novels Novels by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes Nyeusigrube	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawksong
Docodonta is an order of extinct Mesozoic mammaliaforms (advanced cynodonts closely related to true crown-group mammals). They were among the most common mammaliaforms of their time, persisting from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous across the continent of Laurasia (modern-day North America, Europe, and Asia). They are distinguished from other early mammaliaforms by their relatively complex molar teeth. Docodont teeth have been described as "pseudotribosphenic": a cusp on the inner half of the upper molar grinds into a basin on the front half of the lower molar, like a mortar-and-pestle. This is a case of convergent evolution with the tribosphenic teeth of therian mammals. There is much uncertainty for how docodont teeth developed from their simpler ancestors. Their closest relatives may have been certain Triassic "symmetrodonts", namely Woutersia, Delsatia, and Tikitherium. For much of their history of study, docodont fossils were represented by isolated teeth and jaws. The first docodont known from decent remains was Haldanodon, from the Guimarota site of Portugal. Recently, exceptionally preserved skeletons have been discovered in the Tiaojishan Formation of China. Chinese docodonts include otter-like, mole-like, and squirrel-like species, hinting at impressive ecological diversity within the group. Many docodonts have muscular limbs and broad tail vertebrae, adaptations for burrowing or swimming. Like true mammals, docodonts have hair, a saddle-shaped hyoid apparatus, and reduced postdentary jaw bones which are beginning to develop into middle ear ossicles. On the other hand, the postdentary bones are still attached to the jaw and skull, the nostrils have yet to fuse, and in most species the spine's thoracic-lumbar transition is rather subdued. Description Skeletal traits Jaw and ear Docodonts have a long and low mandible (lower jaw), formed primarily by the tooth-bearing dentary bone. The dentary connects to the cranium via a joint with the squamosal, a connection which is strengthened relative to earlier mammaliaforms. The other bones in the jaw, known as postdentary elements, are still connected to the dentary and lie within a groove (the postdentary trough) in the rear part of the dentary's inner edge. Nevertheless, they are very slender, hosting hooked prongs which start to converge towards an oval-shaped area immediately behind the dentary. The ecotympanic bone, also known as the angular, fits into a deep slot on the dentary which opens backwards, a characteristic unique to docodonts. The malleus (also known as the articular) sends down a particularly well-developed prong known as the manubrium, which is sensitive to vibrations. The incus (also known as the quadrate) is still relatively large and rests against the petrosal bone of the braincase, a remnant of a pre-mammalian style jaw joint. In true mammals, the postdentary elements detach fully and shrink further, becoming the ossicles of the middle ear and embracing a circular eardrum. Cranium and throat Docodont skulls are generally fairly low, and in general form are similar to other early mammliaforms such as morganucodonts. The snout is long and has several plesiomorphic traits: the paired nares (bony nostril holes) are small and separate, and their rear edge is formed by a large septomaxilla, a bone which is no longer present in mammals. The nasal bones expand at the back and overlook thick lacrimals. The frontal and parietal bones of the skull roof are flat and broad, and there is no postorbital process forming the rear rim of the orbit (eye socket). Docodonts also see the first occurrence of a mammalian-style saddle-shaped complex of hyoids (throat bones). Microdocodon has a straight, sideways-oriented basihyal which connects to two pairs of bony structures: the anterior hyoid cornu (a jointed series of rods which snake up to the braincase), and the posterior thyrohyals (which link to the thyroid cartilage). This hyoid system affords greater strength and flexibility than the simple, U-shaped hyoids of earlier cynodonts. It allows for a narrower and more muscular throat and tongue, which are correlated with uniquely mammalian behaviors such as suckling. Postcranial skeleton The oldest unambiguous fossil evidence of hair is found in a well-preserved specimen of the docodont Castorocauda, though hair likely evolved much earlier in synapsids. The structure of the vertebral column is variable between docodonts, as with many other mammaliaforms. The components of the atlas are unfused, attaching to the large and porous occipital condyles of the braincase. Vertebrae at the base of the tail often have expanded transverse processes (rib pedestals), supporting powerful tail musculature. Most docodonts have gradually shrinking ribs, forming a subdued transition between the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine. However, this developmental trait is not universal. For example, Agilodocodon lacks lumbar ribs, so it has an abrupt transition from the thoracic to lumbar vertebrae like many modern mammals. The forelimbs and hindlimbs generally have strong muscle attachments, and the olecranon process of the ulna is flexed inwards. All limb bones except the tibia lack epiphyses, plate-like ossified cartilage caps which terminate bone growth in adulthood. This suggests that docodont bones continued growing throughout their lifetime, like some other mammaliaforms and early mammals. The ankle is distinctive, with a downturned calcaneum and a stout astragalus which connects to the tibia via a trochlea (pulley-like joint). The only known specimen of Castorocauda has a pointed spur on its ankle, similar to defensive structures observed in male monotremes and several other early-branching mammals. Teeth Like other mammaliaforms, docodont teeth include peg-like incisors, fang-like canines, and numerous interlocking premolars and molars. Most mammaliaforms have fairly simple molars primarily suited for shearing and slicing food. Docodonts, on the other hand, have developed specialized molars with crushing surfaces. The shape of each molar is defined by a characteristic pattern of conical cusps, with sharp, concave crests connecting the center of each cusp to adjacent cusps. Upper molars When seen from below, the upper molars have an overall subtriangular or figure-eight shape, wider (from side to side) than they are long (from front to back). The bulk of the tooth makes up four major cusps: cusps A, C, X, and Y. This overall structure is similar to the tribosphenic teeth found in true therian mammals, like modern marsupials and placentals. However, there is little consensus for homologizing docodont cusps with those of modern mammals. Cusps A and C lie in a row along the labial edge of the tooth (i.e., on the outer side, facing the cheek). Cusp A is located in front of cusp C and is typically the largest cusp in the upper molars. Cusp X lies lingual to cusp A (i.e., positioned inwards, towards the midline of the skull). A distinct wear facet is found on the labial edge of cusp X, extending along the crest leading to cusp A. Cusp Y, a unique feature of docodonts, is positioned directly behind cusp X. Many docodonts have one or two additional cusps (cusps B and E) in front of cusp A. Cusp B is almost always present and is usually shifted slightly labial relative to cusp A. Cusp E, which may be absent in later docodonts, is positioned lingual to cusp B. Lower molars The lower molars are longer than wide. On average, they have seven cusps arranged in two rows. The labial/outer row has the largest cusp, cusp a, which lies between two more cusps. The other major labial cusps are cusp b (a slightly smaller cusp in front of cusp a) and cusp d (a much smaller cusp behind cusp a). The lingual/inner row is shifted backwards (relative to the labial row) and has two large cusps: cusp g (at the front) and cusp c (at the back). Two additional lingual cusps may be present: cusp e and cusp df. Cusp e lies in front of cusp g and is roughly lingual to cusp b. Cusp df (“docodont cuspule f”) lies behind cusp c and is lingual to cusp d. There is some variation in the relative sizes, position, or even presence of some of these cusps, though docodonts in general have a fairly consistent cusp pattern. Tooth occlusion A distinct concavity or basin is apparent in the front half of each lower molar, between cusps a, g, and b. This basin has been named the pseudotalonid. When the upper and lower teeth occlude (fit together), the pseudotalonid acts as a receptacle for cusp Y of the upper molar. Cusp Y is often termed the "pseudoprotocone" in this relationship. At the same time, cusp b of the lower molar shears into an area labial to cusp Y. Occlusion is completed when the rest of the upper molar slides between adjacent lower molar teeth, letting the rear edge of the preceding lower molar scrape against cusp X. This shearing-and-grinding process is more specialized than in any other early mammaliaform. "Pseudotalonid" and "pseudoprotocone" are names which reference the talonid-and-protocone crushing complex which characterize tribosphenic teeth. Tribosphenic teeth show up in the oldest fossils of therians, the mammalian subgroup containing marsupials and placentals. This is a case of convergent evolution, as therian talonids lie at the back of the lower molar rather than the front. The opposite is true for docodont teeth, which have been described as "pseudotribosphenic". Pseudotribosphenic teeth are also found in shuotheriids, an unusual collection of Jurassic mammals with tall pointed cusps. Relative to docodonts, shuotheriids have pseudotalonids which are positioned further forwards in their lower molars. This is another case of convergent evolution, as shuotheriid are true mammals related to modern monotremes. Docodont and shuotheriid teeth are so similar that some genera, namely Itatodon and Paritatodon, have been considered members of either group. Paleoecology Docodonts and other Mesozoic mammals were traditionally thought to have been primarily ground dwelling and insectivorous, but recent more complete fossils from China have shown this is not the case. Castorocauda from the Middle Jurassic of China, and possibly Haldanodon from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, were specialised for a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Castorocauda had a flattened tail and recurved molars, which suggests possible fish or aquatic invertebrate diet. It was thought possible that docodonts had tendencies towards semi-aquatic habits, given their presence in wetland environments, although this could also be explained by the ease with which these environments preserve fossils compared with more terrestrial ones. Recent discoveries of other complete docodontans such as the specialised digging species Docofossor, and specialised tree-dweller Agilodocodon suggest Docodonta were more ecologically diverse than previously suspected. Docofossor shows many of the same physical traits as the modern day golden mole, such as wide, shortened digits in the hands for digging. Classification The lineage of Docodonta evolved prior to the origin of living mammals: monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. In other words, docodonts are outside of the mammalian crown group, which only includes animals descended from the last common ancestor of living mammals. Previously, docodonts were sometimes regarded as belonging to Mammalia, owing to the complexity of their molars and the fact that they possess a dentary-squamosal jaw joint. However, modern authors usually limit the term "Mammalia" to the crown group, excluding earlier mammaliaforms like the docodonts. Nevertheless, docodonts are still closely related to crown-Mammalia, to a greater extent than many other early mammaliaform groups such as Morganucodonta and Sinoconodon. Some authors also consider docodonts to lie crownward of the order Haramiyida, though most others consider haramiyidans to be closer to mammals than docodonts are. Docodonts may lie crownward of haramiyidans in phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony, but shift stemward relative to haramiyidans when the same data is put through a Bayesian analysis. Cladogram based on a phylogenetic analysis of Zhou et al. (2019) focusing on a wide range of mammaliamorphs: Docodont fossils have been recognized since the 1880s, but their relationships and diversity have only recently been well-established. Monographs by George Gaylord Simpson in the 1920s argued that they were specialized "pantotheres", part of a broad group ancestral to true therian mammals according to their complex molars. A 1956 paper by Bryan Patterson instead argued that docodont teeth were impossible to homologize with modern mammals. He drew comparisons to the teeth of Morganucodon and other "triconodont" mammaliaforms, which had fairly simple lower molars with a straight row of large cusps. However, re-evaluations of mammaliaform tooth homology in the late 1990s established that docodonts were not closely related to either morganucodonts or therians. Instead, they were found to be similar to certain early "symmetrodonts", a broad and polyphyletic grouping of mammaliaforms with triangular upper molars. In particular, the closest relatives of Docodonta have been identified as certain Late Triassic "symmetrodonts", such as Delsatia and Woutersia (from the Norian-Rhaetian of France) and Tikitherium (from the Carnian of India). These "symmetrodonts" have three major cusps (c, a, and b) set in a triangular arrangement on their lower molars. These cusps would be homologous to cusps c, a, and g in docodonts, which have a similar size and position. Tikitherium in particular is very similar to docodonts, as its wide upper molars have an apparent lingual cusp (cusp X) with a labial wear facet, though its cusp Y is comparatively underdeveloped. Cusp X is even more prominent in Woutersia, though it lacks a wear facet in that genus. Unambiguous docodonts are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, abruptly appearing in the fossil record in the Middle Jurassic. Very few docodonts survived into the Cretaceous Period; the youngest known members of the group are Sibirotherium and Khorotherium, from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia. One disputed docodont, Gondtherium, has been described from India, which was previously part of the Southern Hemisphere continent of Gondwana. However, this identification is not certain, and in recent analyses, Gondtherium falls outside the docodont family tree, albeit as a close relative to the group. Reigitherium, from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina, has previously been described as a docodont, though it is now considered a meridiolestidan mammal. Some authors have suggested splitting Docodonta into two families (Simpsonodontidae and Tegotheriidae), but the monophyly of these groups (in their widest form) are not found in any other analyses, and therefore not accepted by all mammal palaeontologists. Cladograms based on phylogenetic analyses focusing on docodont relationships: Topology of Zhou et al. (2019), based on tooth, cranial, and postcranial traits: Topology of Panciroli et al. (2021), based on dentary and tooth traits: Subgroups and genera Superfamily †Docodontoidea Family †Docodontidae (Marsh 1887) Simpson 1929 †Agilodocodon scansorius Meng et al. 2015 †Borealestes Waldman & Savage 1972 †B. cuillinensis Panciroli et al. 2021 †B. serendipitus Waldman & Savage 1972 †Castorocauda lutrasimilis Ji et al. 2006 †Cyrtlatherium canei Freeman 1979 sensu Sigogneau-Russell 2001 (dubious) [Simpsonodon oxfordensis Kermack et al. 1987] †Dobunnodon mussettae [Borealestes mussetti] Sigogneau-Russell 2003 sensu Panciroli et al. 2021 †Docodon Marsh 1881 [Dicrocynodon Marsh in Osborn, 1888; Diplocynodon Marsh 1880 non Pomel 1847; Ennacodon Marsh 1890; Enneodon Marsh 1887 non Prangner 1845] †D. apoxys Rougier et al. 2014 †D. victor (Marsh 1880) [Dicrocynodon victor (Marsh 1880); Diplocynodon victor Marsh 1880] †D. striatus Marsh 1881 [disputed] †D. affinis (Marsh 1887) [Enneodon affinis Marsh 1887] [disputed] †D. crassus (Marsh 1887) [Enneodon crassus Marsh 1887; Ennacodon crassus (Marsh 1887)] [disputed] †D. superus Simpson 1929 [disputed] †Docofossor brachydactylus Luo et al. 2015 †Dsungarodon zuoi Pfretzschner et al. 2005 [Acuodulodon Hu, Meng & Clark 2007; Acuodulodon sunae Hu, Meng & Clark 2007] †Gondtherium dattai Prasad & Manhas 2007 [disputed] †Haldanodon exspectatus Kühne & Krusat 1972 sensu Sigoneau-Russell 2003 †Hutegotherium yaomingi Averianov et al. 2010 †Itatodon tatarinovi Lopatin & Averianov 2005 [disputed, possibly a shuotheriid] †Khorotherium yakutensis Averianov et al. 2018 †Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis Sigogneau-Russell 2003 †Microdocodon gracilis Zhou et al. 2019 †Paritatodon kermacki (Sigogneau-Russell, 1998) [disputed, possibly a shuotheriid] †Peraiocynodon Simpson 1928 †P. inexpectatus Simpson 1928 [possible synonym of Docodon] †P. major Sigogneau-Russell 2003 [disputed] †Sibirotherium rossicus Maschenko, Lopatin & Voronkevich 2002 †Simpsonodon Kermack et al. 1987 †S. splendens (Kühne 1969) †S. sibiricus Averianov et al. 2010 †Tashkumyrodon desideratus Martin & Averianov 2004 †Tegotherium gubini Tatarinov 1994 See also Evolution of mammals References External links Docodonta from Palaeos Fossil taxa described in 1946 Middle Jurassic first appearances Early Cretaceous extinctions Taxa named by Miklós Kretzoi	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docodonta
Circle of Dead Children is an American deathgrind band formed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1998. After the release of a self-titled demo that was put out the same year they formed, Circle of Dead Children signed on with Willowtip Records to release their debut full-length album, Starving the Vultures, which comprised the demo tracks as well as several new ones. After leaving Willowtip Circle of Dead Children, one after another, signed to numerous other labels including S.O.A. Records, Robodog Records (now called Robotic Empire), Necropolis Records, Deathvomit Records, Martyr Music Group, Earache Records, Displeased Records and Candlelight Records. Since the group's debut, the band has undergone numerous lineup changes; the only remaining original and consistent member is Joe Horvath. History Formation and early history Circle of Dead Children formed after Joe Horvath and Jason Andrews previous band, .blackwel. had broken up. They joined with John Kubacka, David Good and Jon Miciolek who had been playing in various punk bands at the time. Following their tenth practice they recorded and self-financed their first and only demo cassette, which was self-titled. There were one-hundred copies made for distribution, and it subsequently sold out at their first two live shows. The demo contained four tracks and had a total playing time of just 5:45. The band focused on playing around the Pittsburgh area for its first couple years of existence. Each of the live concerts during the first couple of years had seen vocalist, Joe Horvath, commit to self-battery and bloodshed, adding to the shock value. Starving the Vultures Shortly after releasing a demo cassette, Circle of Dead Children signed a deal with Willowtip Records and developed their first album, Starving the Vultures. It contained the four tracks from their demo cassette in addition to ten more songs. They recorded this release with Todd Doehring at a makeshift studio inside of a now demolished giant warehouse building, called Plus/Minus Studios, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Todd had little experience recording death-metal at the time, having mostly recorded/produced jazz and avant-garde groups/bands. The album was released in 1998, on compact disc through Willowtip Records. A limited edition vinyl LP version with a pressing of 500 was released through Italian record label, S.O.A. Records and has long since been sold out. The album received positive reviews, praising the band's unique approach of extreme metal. The fourteen tracks have a total playing time of 24:18. Exotic Sense Decay In 1999, Circle of Dead Children were originally approached to do a split 10" record with Ontario, Canada metal band, Maharahj. Within two and half weeks, CODC had written and recorded 7 tracks for the proposed release. It was recorded at Plus/Minus Studios, in Pittsburgh, PA, with Todd Doehring. The band recorded with all lights shut off and only a few tea candles lit and scattered through the warehouse. After several setbacks with the other band and proposed record label, Circle of Dead Children made the decision to release the songs as a CD-EP on Willowtip Records. They also released the songs on a limited-edition 7" picture disc record, on Robodog Records, with a pressing of 500. Each side of the picture disc featured unique artwork. Vocalist, Joe Horvath, painted the art that became the album cover for this release, after having difficulty finding suitable artwork that they could commission. He titled the piece, "The Cost of Impatience". Following the release of 'Exotic Sense Decay', CODC parted ways with original bass player, David Good. This release featured seven tracks and a total playing time of 12:19. The Genocide Machine Following the success of 'Starving the Vultures' and 'Exotic Sense Decay', Circle of Dead Children was approached and offered record deals from several larger metal record labels. After turning down several of the larger contract offers, CODC made the decision to sign a contract with Necropolis Records newly formed subsidiary label, Deathvomit Records. They recruited friend and former bandmate of Joe Horvath and Jason Andrews, Alf Kooser to play bass guitar. The release was the band's last to be recording at the old warehouse with Plus/Minus Studios. It was recorded in the dead of winter while temperatures were in the single digits outside and not much higher inside the weathered, nearly condemned warehouse where Plus/Minus Studios was located. The album contained seventeen tracks, four of which were all electronic, industrial-influenced noise tracks, two of which featured Horvath's vocals. The closing track, "Ctrl * Alt * Delete", is a slow dirge track highlighted by an eerie spoken word explanation of what the band views as "the genocide machine". The artwork was done by Michael and Mark Riddick. 'The Genocide Machine' sold out of its 3,500 pressing in the first month of its release and received numerous praise and accolades, as well as ranking No. 9 in the College Music Journal hardrock charts at one point, the highest any Necropolis Records bands had garnered at that time. Circle of Dead Children embarked on a tour with California grindcore pioneers, Phobia, in support of 'The Genocide Machine'. Circle of Dead Children's relationship with Necropolis Records quickly soured after the label was unable to recoup the band for the recording costs. Circle of Dead Children terminated their contract with Necropolis Records / Deathvomit Records and ordered a cease and desist upon further pressings of 'the Genocide Machine'. Bootleg copies of 'The Genocide Machine' have been discovered throughout the world. Willowtip Records released 'The Genocide Machine' on a limited-edition vinyl LP which was packaged in a silver static-bag. There was a pressing of 1000, with 250 hand-numbered copies available on transparent blue vinyl with different, but complementary artwork. This album has a total playing time of 28:44. Following the release, CODC parted ways with guitarist Jon Kubacka, bassist Alf Kooser and original drummer, Jon Miciolek. Human Harvest In 2003, Circle of Dead Children released 'Human Harvest' with only three members. This was their first and only release featuring no bass player. Drummer, Mike Rosswog, helped to provide CODC with a faster and more intense element of sound, which has since stayed in place. 'Human Harvest' was recorded at Austin Enterprise, in Massachusetts, with Steve Austin, founder of Today is the Day. Circle of Dead Children agreed to a one-off licensing deal for 'Human Harvest' with Martyr Music Group in the Americas, and Displeased Records for Europe and Asia. Displeased Records also released a limited-edition vinyl version of 'Human Harvest', featuring different but complementary artwork. The album received a great deal of positive reviews and press, often citing the new level of brutality and intensity found within the music and vocals. Artwork was done by Mark Riddick. The final track, "Alkaline", includes a bonus track at the 9:07 mark, which is actually part of a vocal segment from the song "Mother Pig", slowed down. This album features 19 tracks and has a total playing time of 32:01. Following the release, CODC parted ways with drummer Mike Rosswog. Zero Comfort Margin Released in 2005, 'Zero Comfort Margin' followed a hiatus of over one year in which CODC added former Sadis Euphoria drummer Mike Bartek, and former Sadis Euphoria guitarist, Drew Haritan, to the lineup. Drew played bass guitar. The band was invited by engineer/producer Steve Austin to his home to record what was initially intended to be demo tracks, prior to their new drummer having to undergo wrist surgery which would set the band back while he recovered. In a notorious recording session in which Steve Austin told Metal Maniacs Magazine that he barely recalled, the band recorded 15 songs. The decision was made to release the songs as an Ep, through Willowtip Records in the Americas and Earache Records for Europe and Asia. A limited-edition gatefold vinyl version was released by Arclight Communications with a pressing of 500. It featured complementary artwork and black and gold or white and gold splattered vinyl to honor the sporting colors associated with Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 'Zero Comfort Margin' featured the only cover song that CODC has recorded to date, a cover of 'Playdumb' by local 1990s grindcore band, Hideous Mangleus. Artwork was completed again by Mark Riddick. This release features 15 tracks, four of which are electronic noise tracks, and has a total playing time of 20:19. Following the release, CODC parted ways with drummer Mike Bartek. Psalm of the Grand Destroyer Prior to drummer Mike Bartek's departure in 2006, Circle of Dead Children had written twelve new songs, but had never recorded them. The band again found themselves in an extended hiatus while they looked for a new drummer. Matt Francis, from Binghamton, New York, was brought into the band in 2007 and eventually moved to Pittsburgh to be closer in 2008. In 2009, the band recorded the music for the twelve songs they had previously written plus three additional new songs at Mr. Smalls Studio, in Pittsburgh, PA. Due to serious illness and other setbacks, Joe Horvath did not record his vocals for the album until several months later. 'Psalm of the Grand Destroyer' was mastered and produced by Scott Hull at Visceral Sound, based in Bethesda, Maryland, and released by Willowtip Records in the Americas and Candlelight Records for Europe and Asia in June 2010. Willowtip Records also released a limited-edition vinyl LP pressing of 500 copies, with 250 being on gold splattered wax and 250 on red wax. It featured alternate, but complementary, artwork done by Alex Eckman-Lawn. This release features fifteen tracks and has a total playing time of 31:47. Style The band generally play a varied style of extreme metal, combining grindcore, death metal and crust punk with black metal and doom overtones and atmospheres appearing in the writing at times. Song writing utilizes some traditional grindcore and deathgrind format in writing very short songs: six seconds, for instance, for the track "White Trash Headache". Other tracks develop into much longer pieces: 5 minutes and 45 seconds, for instance, for the track, "Germinate the Reaper Seed". Metal Maniacs Magazine, in 2005, published an article written by Wade Gosselin, where two "modern grind acts" were chosen who he believed had pushed the bar the highest in the modern grindcore scene. The article was titled "Suffocate Mediocrity / Expanding Grindcore" and featured "Circle of Dead Children" and "Antigama". Members Current members Joe Horvath – vocals (1998–present) Drew Haritan – bass (2005–2011) guitars (2011–present) Brooks – bass (2011–present) Matt Francis – drums (2007–present) Former members Jason Andrews – guitars (1998–2011) Dave Good – bass (1998–2000) Jon Kubacka – guitars (1998–2001) Jon Miciolek – drums (1998–2001) Mike Rosswog – drums (2001–2003) Alf Kooser – bass (2000–2002, 2004) Mike Bartek – drums (2004–2006) Timeline Discography 1998 – Circle of Dead Children demo 1999 – Starving the Vultures (CD: Willowtip Records, LP: S.O.A. Records) 2000 – Exotic Sense Decay (CD EP: Willowtip Records, 7" picture disc EP: Robotic Empire) 2001 – The Genocide Machine (CD: Deathvomit Records, LP: Willowtip Records) 2003 – Human Harvest (CD: Americas: Martyr Music Group, Europe and World: Displeased Records, LP: Displeased Records) 2005 – Zero Comfort Margin (CD : Earache Records, 10" : Arclight Commincatons) 2010 – Psalm of the Grand Destroyer (CD: Willowtip Records) References Musical groups established in 1998 American death metal musical groups American deathgrind musical groups Musical groups from Pittsburgh Heavy metal musical groups from Pennsylvania Earache Records artists Candlelight Records artists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle%20of%20Dead%20Children
is a volcanic Japanese island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is administered by Tōkyō Metropolis and is located approximately south of Tokyo and south-southeast of Miyake-shima. It is one of the Izu Seven Islands group of the seven northern islands of the Izu archipelago. Mikurashima is administratively part of Mikurashima Village under Miyake Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. , the island's population was 351. Mikura-shima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. History The island has apparently been inhabited for thousands of years, but existing records only extend to the Edo period. Mikura, along with the rest of the Izu Islands, was designated as a place of exile during the Tokugawa shogunate, and up to 10% of current island residents are descendants of political exiles. In 1714, an important official from the shogunate, physician Kochikuin Okuyama, arrived on the island. Okuyama was able to use his connections with the shogunate to retrieve Mikura's official seal from officials on Miyake Island, who were using it to skim profits from Mikura's exports of lumber. In 1863, a ship with a crew of 460 Chinese laborers and 23 American sailors, bound for the United States from China, was shipwrecked on the island. Although at that time the Japanese populace had been ordered by the shogunate to kill or imprison any foreigners who entered Japan without authorization, Mikura's inhabitants treated the shipwrecked crew with hospitality and kindness. Geology Mikura-shima is roughly circular, and is the peak of a dormant stratovolcano. It has a maximum diameter of and a circumference of , covering an area of 20.5 square kilometers. The highest peak, , has a height of , and was last active around 6000 years ago. As with most of the other islands in the Izu archipelago, Mikura-shima rises sharply from the sea with coastal cliffs up to 500 meters in height, and has a steep interior. The island's largest spring forms Shirataki (white falls) waterfall that drops 80m into the Pacific Ocean below. The island has an underground mineral lake, which is said to have remarkable healing and cleansing powers and waters around the island has an abundance of nutrient-rich plant life. Environment Unlike the other islands in the Izu group, Mikura-jima has preserved most of its old-growth forest and endemic flora, such as the nioiebine orchid. The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it hosts the largest breeding colony of streaked shearwaters (with some two million birds) in the world, as well as supporting populations of Japanese wood pigeons, Japanese murrelets, Pleske's grasshopper warblers, Ijima's leaf-warblers and Izu thrushes. Dolphins inhabit the surrounding waters. Economy Mikura-shima's main industry is tourism. The island is visited by about 10,000 people per year. The island's main attractions are its dolphin tours. The tours operate from March to October each year. To preserve the island's habitat, tourists are prohibited from hiking without an island guide, and must stay in one of the island's designated inns, as camping is not allowed. Dolphin watching tours during the summer months have been offered from Miyake-jima. The crossing from Miyake to Mikura takes about 45 minutes by fishing vessel. There are also tours from Mikura-shima. Other money-makers for the island's inhabitants include exports of ashitaba, Calanthe orchids, and Japanese boxwood. Mikura-jima's boxwood is highly prized in the making of top quality shogi tiles. See also List of islands of Japan List of volcanoes in Japan Notes References Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1990, Atlas of Japan - Saishin-Nihon-chizu 1990, Imidas Shueisha External links Japan Volcanoes Database Izu Islands Dormant volcanoes Islands of Tokyo Important Bird Areas of the Nanpo Islands Seabird colonies Stratovolcanoes of Japan Holocene stratovolcanoes it:Mikurajima	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikura-jima
Craig Anthony Cuffe Langdon (born 22 May 1957) is an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1996 until 2010. He was a social worker before entering politics. Langdon resigned from the parliament on 25 August 2010, citing family and personal reasons in a statement, but also accusing a number of his colleagues of "disloyalty and betrayal". Langdon was elected as the Mayor of the Banyule City Council in2014. Langdon was a Banyule councillor representing Olympia Ward until he was defeated for re-election by Peter Dimarelos in 2020. References 1957 births Living people Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria 21st-century Australian politicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Langdon
Ivanpah Lake is a dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California on the border of California and Nevada. Nestled in the Ivanpah Valley near Primm on Interstate 15, the lake is almost entirely within California. At the north edge of the lake lie the Nevada Welcome Center (closed) and a California Lottery retailer. It is a popular place for land sailing and kite buggying. On March 26, 2009, the world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was set here by the Greenbird, clocked at . Environmental contamination Hundreds of thousands of gallons of water carrying radioactive waste from rare earth element mining spilled into and around Ivanpah Dry Lake. In the 1980s, the Mountain Pass rare earth mine began piping wastewater as far as 14 miles to evaporation ponds on or near Ivanpah Dry Lake, east of Interstate 15 near Nevada. This pipeline repeatedly ruptured during cleaning operations to remove mineral deposits called scale. The scale is radioactive because of the presence of thorium and radium, which occur naturally in the rare earth ore. A federal investigation later found that some 60 spills—some unreported—occurred between 1984 and 1998, when the pipeline was shut down. In all, about of radiological and other hazardous waste flowed onto the desert floor, according to federal authorities. By the end of the 1990s, Unocal had been hit with a cleanup order and a San Bernardino County district attorney's lawsuit. The company paid more than $1.4 million in fines and settlements. After preparing a cleanup plan and completing an extensive environmental study, Unocal in 2004 won approval of a county permit that allowed the mine to operate for another 30 years. In 2008, Unocal/Chevron sold the mine to privately held Molycorp Minerals LLC, a company formed to revive the Mountain Pass Mine. See also List of lakes in California References External links Satellite Photo (Google Maps) Bureau of Land Management - Needles CA district including access information Ivanpah Valley Endorheic lakes of California Lakes of the Mojave Desert Lakes of San Bernardino County, California Lakes of California Lakes of Southern California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah%20Lake
Steve Nelson Broussard (born February 22, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Atlanta Falcons, Cincinnati Bengals, and Seattle Seahawks. He has also served as a former assistant coach for several college football teams. College career Born and raised in Los Angeles, and Altadena/Pasadena California, Broussard starred at Manual Arts High School and graduated in 1985. He played college football at Washington State in Pullman, and led the Pac-10 in receiving as a sophomore (1987) and rushing as a junior (1988). In his senior year in 1989, Broussard led the conference in all-purpose yards, was the MVP (offensive), and ranked ninth in the nation in rushing yards per game. He completed his college career ranked third on WSU's all-time rushing list, fifth on the career receiving list, and owned two of the top three single-season rushing marks. He was named to the Cougar Hall of Fame in 2015. Professional career Broussard was the 20th overall pick in the first round of the 1990 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. He played four seasons for Atlanta (1990–1993), one in Cincinnati, then four more for the Seattle Seahawks (under head coach Dennis Erickson), and retired after the 1998 season. NFL career statistics Coaching career After his nine-year NFL career, Broussard spent four years coaching high school football in California. He was the offensive coordinator at Don Lugo High School in Chino before going to Diamond Ranch High School as offensive coordinator in 2001. He became head coach at Diamond Ranch in 2002 and coached until 2003. His first season as head coach resulted in success with the Diamond Ranch Panthers taking the Mt. Baldy League Title. For the 2003 season, the Diamond Ranch Panthers were the heavy favorites (ranked #1 in preseason Mt. Baldy League) to take the league title once again with several returning seniors on offense & defense, and a talented junior class that featured three division I prospects. The Panthers finished 1–4 in Mt. Baldy League play for the 2003 season. Prior to the 2004 season, Portland State head coach Tim Walsh hired Broussard as a running backs coach. During the 2004 season, Broussard coached a first team All-Big Sky fullback in Allen Kennett, while running backs Joe Rubin and Ryan Fuqua combined to lead the Vikings to a Big Sky Conference best rushing average of 204.4 yards per game. Broussard coached the receivers his last 2 years at PSU until he was hired by Washington State prior to the 2007 season. On February 8, 2007, Washington State head coach Bill Doba announced that Broussard would be returning to WSU to serve as the Cougars' running backs coach and special teams coordinator. In 2011, Broussard moved to Arizona State University to coach receivers under head coach Dennis Erickson. ASU ranked 10th in the nation in passing offense (316.7 yds/g) and receiver Gerell Robinson ranked ninth in the nation with 107. 5 receiving yards per game. During the 2010 season, Broussard's receiving corps ranked 15th in the nation (286.4) and totaled 279 receptions for 3,437 yards and 23 touchdowns. In his first season with the UCLA Bruins in 2012, Broussard directed a running back group headed by senior Johnathan Franklin, who set new school season (1,734 yards) and career (4,403) rushing marks on his way to earning All-America honors. Franklin, a finalist for the Doak Walker Award, also set a school record with nine 100-yard rushing games in 2012 and established new marks for both career (4,925) and season (2,062) all-purpose yardage. He went on to be selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 2013 NFL Draft. In his second season with the Bruins, Broussard directed a running back group headed by Myles Jack, who won Pac-12 Freshman of the Year honors in 2013. Jack set a UCLA single game scoring record with four touchdowns in the win over Washington on November 15. Broussard reconnected with SMU head coach June Jones, the coach that had a part in drafting him in Atlanta, on the Mustangs where he coached the running backs for one season in 2014. During the 2015 season, Broussard was the offensive coordinator at Pasadena City College. In April 2017, Broussard was hired as the new head coach at Fort Vancouver High School in Vancouver, Washington. In February 2018, Broussard was reported to be taking the head football coaching job at St. Monica Catholic High School in California. He now coaches for Union High School in Camas, Washington. References External links 1967 births Living people American football return specialists American football running backs Atlanta Falcons players Cincinnati Bengals players Portland State Vikings football coaches Seattle Seahawks players Washington State Cougars football coaches Washington State Cougars football players Players of American football from Los Angeles Sports coaches from Los Angeles	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Broussard
The Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER) consists of a group of over 1800 scientists and students studying ecological processes over extended temporal and spatial scales. Twenty-eight LTER sites cover a diverse set of ecosystems. It is part of the International Long Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER). The project was established in 1980 and is funded by the National Science Foundation. Data from LTER sites is publicly available in the Environmental Data Initiative repository and findable through DataONE search. LTER sites There are 28 sites within the LTER Network across the United States, Puerto Rico, and Antarctica, each conducting research on different ecosystems. LTER sites are both physical places and communities of researchers. Some of the physical places are remote or protected from development, others are deliberately located in cities or agricultural areas. Either way, the program of research for each LTER is tailored to the most pressing and promising questions for that location and the program of research determines the group of researchers with the skills and interests to pursue those questions. While each LTER site has a unique situation—with different organizational partners and different scientific challenges—the members of the Network apply several common approaches to understanding long-term ecological phenomena. These include observation, large-scale experiments, modeling, synthesis science and partnerships. Andrews Forest LTER (AND) Arctic LTER (ARC) Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER (BES) Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystem LTER (BLE) Bonanza Creek LTER (BNZ) Central Arizona - Phoenix LTER (CAP) California Current Ecosystem LTER (CCE) Cedar Creek LTER (CDR) Coweeta LTER (CWT) - NSF LTER funding from 1980-2020 Florida Coastal Everglades LTER (FCE) Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER (GCE) Harvard Forest LTER (HFR) Hubbard Brook LTER (HBR) Jornada Basin LTER (JRN) Kellogg Biological Station LTER (KBS) Konza Prairie LTER (KNZ) Luquillo LTER (LUQ) McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER (MCM) Minneapolis-St. Paul LTER (MSP) Moorea Coral Reef LTER (MCR) Niwot Ridge LTER (NWT) North Temperate Lakes LTER (NTL) Northeast U.S. Shelf LTER (NES) Northern Gulf of Alaska LTER (NGA) Palmer LTER (PAL) Plum Island Ecosystem LTER (PIE) Santa Barbara Coastal LTER (SBC) Sevilleta LTER (SEV) Shortgrass Steppe LTER (SGS) - funded from 1982-2014 at the Central Plains Experimental Range Virginia Coast Reserve LTER (VCR) See also National Ecological Observatory Network Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network References External links ILTER Network LTER Network European Long-Term Ecosystem Research Network Austrian Long-Term Ecosystem Research Network Ecology organizations Ecological data	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Term%20Ecological%20Research%20Network
() is a Chilean, daily middle market tabloid newspaper owned by El Mercurio SAP. This company publishes various newspapers for a different audience: El Mercurio people look up to and ability to view, mainly close to the reading, La Segunda mainly a diary of "synthesis" news and evening edition, and is made profile tabloid, focused mainly on entertainment and gossip, so it is one of the best-selling newspapers in the country. History The newspaper was founded on November 15, 1902 by the owner of El Mercurio, Agustín Edwards Mac Clure, after having made a trip to the United States as to the progress of the press. From that trip, Edwards would implement a series of reforms in his company, starting with the transformation of El Mercurio into a morning newspaper, and creating Las Últimas Noticias de El Mercurio 'The Latest News of El Mercurio' (posted in the afternoon). The first director of Las Últimas Noticias was the writer Joaquín Diaz Garcés. In 1928, Las Últimas Noticias went from broadsheet to tabloid format. In 1931, the overabundance of information generated during the fall of President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, necessitated the emergence of a segunda edición de Las Últimas Noticias (second edition of Las Últimas Noticias), which would result in today's evening newspaper La Segunda. Over time, Las Últimas Noticias becomes a morning, aimed at the middle and with a strong emphasis on law enforcement issues. This model brings a strong success until the 1980s, when he published, for example, Ñoñobañez comic, Calvin and Hobbes and Condorito. However, with the return to democracy, the consumption habits of Chileans begin to change and the newspaper reports no longer the same interest as before in the population. In 1994, Las Últimas Noticias became the first Chilean newspaper produced entirely in digital. On July 19 of that year, at 18:42 hours, was sent from their offices in Bellavista 0112 street the first page of electronic test on the press page of El Mercurio, via fiber optics. Ente late 1990 and early 2000, the daily newspaper becomes an entertainment media (discarding most of its supplements), approaching and adapting to the styles of the British Daily Mirror and American The New York Post, getting so for some time become the best selling in Chile (today is the third most circulation). It also has an online edition since mid-1990, in internet, that every day it can read news for free via this medium. External links Newspapers published in Chile Newspapers established in 1902 Mass media in Santiago	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20%C3%9Altimas%20Noticias
(), formerly known as ('The Third of the Hour'), is a daily newspaper published in Santiago, Chile and owned by Copesa. It is s closest competitor. is part of Periódicos Asociados Latinoamericanos (Latin American Newspaper Association), an organization of fourteen leading newspapers in South America. History The newspaper La Tercera was founded on July 7, 1950, by the Picó Cañas family. Initially known as La Tercera de la Hora, it served as the evening edition of the now defunct newspaper La Hora. In the 1950s, it transitioned from being associated with La Hora and transformed into a morning paper. While initially affiliated with the Radical Party, La Tercera ended this association in 1965, becoming politically independent and disconnected from any party, government system, or religious affiliation. During the early 1970s, the newspaper strongly opposed Salvador Allende's government and supported the September 11 military coup in 1973, as well as General Augusto Pinochet's subsequent dictatorship. Alongside El Mercurio and La Nación, La Tercera played a significant role in endorsing these events. Throughout the following decades, it maintained a tabloid format and employed language that resonated with the middle class. In 2003, La Tercera underwent changes, adopting the Berliner format and adopting a more formal language. The newspaper also increased its number of pages, aiming to appeal to a higher social stratum. In October 2007, it underwent further changes in layout design, adopting a minimalist appearance. Under the direction of Cristián Bofill, the newspaper specialized in covering political, business, and economic events. In November 2008, the newspaper revamped its website, integrating all Copesa media into a single page called Mediacenter La Tercera. A month later, La Tercera joined the Strategic Alliances CNN Chile, forming an alliance with Radio Bío Bío, local TV channels, UCV TV, and the Network Mapcity Daily Citizen. On August 1, 2010, La Tercera introduced a new header with red and white lettering, designed by Marcelo Godoy from Chile and Javier Errea from Spain. Starting from November 2, 2010, subscribers were able to access the International Edition of the Spanish newspaper El País upon payment of an additional fee. The current editor-in-chief of La Tercera is Juan Pablo Larraín Medina. On July 16, 2017, the newspaper relocated its offices from the historical site at Vicuña Mackenna 1962 (Ñuñoa) to a new building at Apoquindo 4660 (Las Condes). References External links Newspapers published in Chile Newspapers established in 1950 1950 establishments in Chile Mass media in Santiago Spanish-language newspapers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Tercera
Clare Hollingworth (10 October 1911 – 10 January 2017) was an English journalist and author. She was the first war correspondent to report the outbreak of World War II, described as "the scoop of the century". As a rookie reporter for The Daily Telegraph in 1939, while travelling from Poland to Germany, she spotted and reported German forces massed on the Polish border; The Daily Telegraph headline read: "1,000 tanks massed on Polish border"; three days later she was the first to report the German invasion of Poland. Hollingworth was appointed OBE by Elizabeth II for "services to journalism" in 1982. She died on 10 January 2017 at the age of 105. Early life Hollingworth was born in 1911 in Knighton, a southern suburb of Leicester, the daughter of Daisy and Albert Hollingworth. During World War I, her father took over the running of his father's footwear factory, and the family moved to a farm near Shepshed. She showed an early interest in becoming a writer, against opposition from her mother, and her interest in warfare was stimulated by visits to historical battlefield sites in Britain and France with her father. After leaving school, she attended a domestic science college in Leicester, which she did not enjoy. Pre-war Hollingworth became engaged to the son of a local family known to her own, but instead of marriage, went to work as secretary to the League of Nations Union (LNU) Worcestershire organiser. She then won a scholarship to the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies in London, and later, a place at Zagreb University to study Croatian. Hollingworth started to write articles on a freelance basis for the New Statesman. In June 1939, she was selected to fight the parliamentary seat of Melton for the Labour Party in the general election that was due to take place by the end of 1940, but the outbreak of war led to the suspension of elections and, by the 1945 election, a different Labour candidate had been chosen. Following the 1938 Munich Agreement, when the German speaking Sudetenland was incorporated into Germany, she went to Warsaw, working with Czech refugees. Between March and July 1939, she helped rescue thousands of people from Hitler's forces by arranging British visas. The experience also led to her being hired by Arthur Watson, the editor of The Daily Telegraph, in August 1939. World War II Hollingworth had been working as a Telegraph journalist for less than a week when she was sent to Poland to report on worsening tensions in Europe. She persuaded the British Consul-General in Katowice, John Anthony Thwaites, to lend her his chauffeured car for a fact-finding mission into Germany. While driving along the German–Polish border on 28 August, Hollingworth observed a massive build-up of German troops, tanks and armoured cars facing Poland, after the camouflage screens concealing them were disturbed by wind. Her report was the main story on The Daily Telegraphs front page on the following day. Her report was headlined: "1,000 Tanks Massed on Polish Frontier; 10 Divisions Reported Ready For Swift Stroke; From Our Own Correspondent." On 1 September, Hollingworth called the British Embassy in Warsaw to report the German invasion of Poland. To convince doubtful Embassy officials, she held a telephone out of the window of her room to capture the sounds of German forces. Hollingworth's eyewitness account was the first report the British Foreign Office received about the invasion of Poland. She continued to report on the situation in Poland, and, in 1940, by then working for the Daily Express, went to Bucharest, where she reported on King Carol II's forced abdication and the ensuing unrest. Her telephoned reports ignored censorship rules and she is reported to have once avoided arrest by stripping naked. In 1941, she went to Egypt and subsequently reported from Turkey, Greece and Cairo. Her efforts were hampered, because women war correspondents did not receive formal accreditation. After General Bernard Montgomery took Tripoli in 1943, she was ordered to return to Cairo. Wishing to remain at the front lines, however, she went on to cover General Dwight D. Eisenhower's forces in Algiers, writing for the Chicago Daily News. She subsequently reported from Palestine, Iraq and Persia. During this time, she became the first person to interview the Shah of Iran. Later career During the post-war decades, Hollingworth reported on conflicts in Palestine, Algeria, China, Aden and Vietnam. The BBC stated that, although she was not the earliest woman war correspondent, "her depth of technical, tactical and strategic insight set her apart." The New York Times described her as "the undisputed doyenne of war correspondents". She amassed considerable expertise in military technology and – after pilot training during the 1940s – was particularly knowledgeable about aircraft. Immediately after the war, she began working for The Economist and The Observer. In 1946, she and her husband Geoffrey Hoare were at the scene of the King David Hotel bombing in Jerusalem, which killed 91 people. She later was said to have refused to shake the hand of the Irgun leader Menachem Begin, who many years later became the Prime Minister of Israel, because of his role in ordering the event. By 1950, she had moved from her base in Cairo to Paris, working for The Guardian. She started to visit Algeria and developed contacts with the Algerian National Liberation Front. She reported on the Algerian War in the early 1960s. Early in 1963, still working for The Guardian, she was in Beirut and began to investigate Kim Philby, a correspondent for The Observer, discovering that he had departed for Odessa on a Soviet ship. The Guardians editor, Alastair Hetherington, fearing legal action, held up the story of Philby's defection for three months, before publishing her detailed account on 27 April 1963. His defection was subsequently confirmed by the government. She was appointed The Guardian'''s defence correspondent in 1963, the first woman in the role. In 1967, she left The Guardian and began contributing to The Daily Telegraph again. Her ambition to work in warzones rather than cover government foreign policy encouraged the move. She was sent to Vietnam in 1967 to cover the Vietnam War. She was one of the earliest commentators to predict that the war would end in stalemate and her reports were also distinguished by her attention to the opinions of Vietnamese civilians. In 1973, she was sent to China and became The Daily Telegraph's China correspondent, the first since the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. She met Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong's wife Jiang Qing. She was the last person to interview the Shah of Iran; the journalist John Simpson commented that "She was the only person he wanted to speak to". Hollingworth stayed in China for three years and moved to Hong Kong in the 1980s. In 1981, she retired and moved to British Hong Kong, also spending time in Britain, France and China. She observed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 from a hotel balcony. Personal life Hollingworth was married twice; in 1936 she married Vandeleur Robinson, the League of Nations Union (LNU) regional organiser in south-east England but the marriage failed during the war. They divorced in 1951 and the same year she married Geoffrey Hoare, The Times Middle East correspondent; Hoare died in 1965. From 1981, Hollingworth lived in Hong Kong. She was a near-daily visitor to the Foreign Correspondents' Club, where she was an honorary goodwill ambassador. In 1990, she published her memoirs under the title Front Line. In 2006, Hollingworth sued her financial manager, fellow Correspondents' Club member Thomas Edward Juson (also known as Ted Thomas), for the removal of nearly $300,000 from her bank account. Juson defended his actions as investments but agreed to repay the money in 2007. He had not yet done that fully by late 2016. Hollingworth's great-nephew Patrick Garrett published a biography of her in 2016, called Of Fortunes and War: Clare Hollingworth, First of the Female War Correspondents. Hollingworth died at her home in Glenealy, Hong Kong on 10 January 2017, at the age of 105. In accordance with her own wishes, her body was returned to England and was buried in the churchyard of St Margaret of Antioch in Bygrave, Hertfordshire. Awards and honours In 1962, Hollingworth won Woman Journalist of the Year for her reporting of the civil war in Algeria (Hannen Swaffer Awards, UK). She won the James Cameron Award for Journalism (1994). In 1999, she received a lifetime achievement award from the UK television programme What the Papers Say. In 1982, she was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to journalism. On 10 October 2017, Google showed a Doodle for Clare Hollingworth's 106th birthday. Charitable work Hollingworth, while reporting from Poland at the outbreak of World War II in 1939, also performed charitable work, helping and working with Czechoslovak refugees in Poland as part of her work with the British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovak (BCRC). It is estimated she helped two- to three-thousand people escape from the Nazis' clutches, as the takeover frightened many to seek shelter. Bibliography The Three Weeks' War in Poland (1940), Duckworth There's a German Just Behind Me (1945), Right Book Club The Arabs and the West (1952), Methuen Mao and the Men Against Him (1984), Jonathan Cape Front Line'' (memoirs) (1990), Jonathan Cape References External links Imperial War Museum Interview from 2001 Clare Hollingworth interviewed in 1999 on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs 2011 Telegraph interview 1911 births 2017 deaths 20th-century British journalists 20th-century English non-fiction writers 20th-century English women writers British women in World War II Chicago Daily News people Daily Express people English centenarians English expatriates in Hong Kong English women journalists Hong Kong centenarians Officers of the Order of the British Empire People from Knighton, Leicester People from Shepshed The Daily Telegraph people The Guardian journalists War correspondents of World War II Women centenarians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare%20Hollingworth
Hazchem (; from hazardous chemicals) is a warning plate system used in Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, India and the United Kingdom for vehicles transporting hazardous substances, and on storage facilities. The top-left section of the plate gives the Emergency Action Code (EAC) telling the fire brigade what actions to take if there's an accident or fire. The middle-left section containing a 4 digit number gives the UN Substance Identification Number describing the material. The lower-left section gives the telephone number that should be called if special advice is needed. The warning symbol in the top right indicates the general hazard class of the material. The bottom-right of the plate carries a company logo or name. There is also a standard null Hazchem plate to indicate the transport of non-hazardous substances. The null plate does not include an EAC or substance identification. The National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) in the United Kingdom provides a Free Online Hazchem Guide. Emergency Action Code The Emergency Action Code (EAC) is a three character code displayed on all dangerous goods classed carriers, and provides a quick assessment to first responders and emergency responders (i.e. fire fighters and police) of what actions to take should the carrier carrying such goods become involved in an incident (traffic collision, for example). EAC's are characterised by a single number (1 to 4) and either one or two letters (depending on the hazard). NCEC was commissioned by the Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) to edit the EAC List 2013 publication, outlining the application of Hazchem Emergency Actions Codes (EACs) in Britain for 2013. The Dangerous Goods Emergency Action Code (EAC) List is reviewed every two years and is an essential compliance document for all emergency services, local government and for those who may control the planning for, and prevention of, emergencies involving dangerous goods. The current EAC List is 20013. NCEC has been at the heart of the UK EAC system since its inception in the early 1970s, publishing the list on behalf of the UK Government until 1996 and resuming its management in 2008. The printed version of the book can be purchased from TSO directly () or downloaded as a PDF file from NCEC’s website. HazChem fire suppression The number leading the EAC indicates the type of fire-suppressing agent that should be used to prevent or extinguish a fire caused by the chemical. * These indicators are used only in product documentation and are displayed on vehicle plates as 2 and 3 respectively. The system ranks suppression media in order of their suitability, so that a fire may be fought with a suppression medium of equal or higher EAC number. For example, a chemical with EAC number 2 - indicating water fog - may be fought additionally with media 3 (foam) or 4 (dry agent), but not with 1 (coarse spray). This is especially important for chemicals requiring medium 4 (dry agent), as these chemicals react violently with water and so using lowered-number media will be actively dangerous. HazChem safety parameters Each EAC contains at least one letter, which determines which category the chemical falls under, and which also highlights the violence of the chemical (i.e. likelihood to spontaneously combust, explode etc.), what personal protective equipment to use while working around the chemical and what action to take when disposing of the chemical. Each category is assigned a letter to determine what actions are required when handling, containing and disposing of the chemical in question. Eight 'major categories' exist which are commonly denoted by a black letter on a white background. Four subcategories exist which specifically deal with what type of personal protective equipment responders must wear when handling the emergency, denoted by a white letter on a black background. In Australia with the update of the Australian Dangerous Goods Code volume 7 as of 2010, the white letter on a black background has been removed, making BA (breathing apparatus) a requirement at all large incidents regardless of whether the substance is involved in a fire. If a category is classed as violent, this means that the chemical can be violently or explosively reactive, either with the atmosphere or water, or both (which could be marked by the Dangerous when Wet symbol). Protection is divided up into three categories of personal protective equipment, Full, BA and BA for fire only. Full denotes that full personal protective equipment provisions must be used around and in contact with the chemical, which will usually include a portable breathing apparatus and water tight and chemical proof suit. BA (acronym for breathing apparatus) specifies that a portable breathing apparatus must be used at all times in and around the chemical, and BA for fire only specifies that a breathing apparatus is not necessary for short exposure periods to the chemical but is required if the chemical is alight. BA for fire only is denoted within the emergency action code as a white letter on a black background, while a black letter on a white background denotes breathing apparatus at all times. When changing the background colour is not possible (such as with handwriting), the use of brackets means the same as a black background. "3[Y]E" means the same as a white letter on a black background. Substance control specifies what to do with the chemical in the event of a spill, either dilute or contain. Dilute means that the chemical may be washed down the drain with large quantities of water. Contain requires that the spillage must not come in contact with drains or water courses. In the event of a chemical incident, the EAC may specify that an evacuation may be necessary as the chemical poses a public hazard which may extend beyond the immediate vicinity. If evacuation is not possible, advice to stay in doors and secure all points of ventilation may be necessary. This condition is denoted by an E at the end of any emergency action code. It is an optional letter, depending on the nature of the chemical. Examples A very commonly displayed example is 3YE on petrol tankers. This means that a fire must be fought using foam or dry agent (if a small fire), that it can react violently and is explosive, that fire fighters must wear a portable breathing apparatus at all times, or if a white on black Y, only if there is a fire, and that the run-off needs to be contained. It also indicates to the incident controller that evacuation of the surrounding area may be necessary. Calculation of Hazchem action code for multi-loads or sites with multiple Hazchem codes Example: There are three substances to be carried as a multi-load, having emergency action codes of 3Y, •2S and 4WE. 1st Character (Number): The first character of the EAC for each of the three substances is 3, 2 and 4. The highest number must be taken as the first character of the code for the multi-load and therefore the first character will be 4. The bullet in •2S is not assigned to the mixed load because other EACs do not include a bullet. 2nd Character (Letter): The second character for the EAC for each of the three substances is Y, S and W. Taking the Y along the top row of the chart and the S along the left hand column, the intersection is at Y and therefore the character for the first two substances would be Y. This resultant character (Y) is then taken along the top row and the character for the third substance (W) is taken along the left hand column. The intersection point is now W. The second character of the code for the three substances is therefore W. Letter ‘E’: The third substance has an ‘E’ as a third character and therefore the multi-load must also have an ‘E’. The resultant Hazchem Code for the three substances carried as a multi-load will therefore be 4WE. See also Hazmat NFPA 704—the equivalent system for marking the presence of dangerous goods buildings and fixed storage tanks in the United States, intended for emergency services. ADR—the equivalent system used for identifying dangerous goods while being transported in mainland Europe. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals—a new international standard for marking hazardous materials. Hazardous Materials Identification System—a system for marking dangerous materials in the United States, intended for workers. References External links NCEC Dangerous Goods Emergency Action List 2017 EAC List 2013 Example of UK Hazchem Panel with Hazchem Emergency Action Code (EAC) General 'Hazchem Information for UK Emergency Services' Site Dangerous Goods Emergency Action Code List Symbols Safety codes Standards of the United Kingdom Warning systems	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazchem
USS Sabine (AO-25), a fleet replenishment oiler serving in the United States Navy, was the second ship named for the Sabine River on the Texas-Louisiana border. Sabine was laid down on 18 September 1939 as SS Esso Albany, MC hull 10, by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, at the Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard, Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched on 27 April 1940; sponsored by Miss Ellen Klitgaard; renamed Sabine on 19 September 1940; acquired by the Navy through purchase on 25 September 1940; and commissioned on 5 December 1940. World War II Following shakedown, Sabine transited the Panama Canal and joined the Base Force Squadron of the US Pacific Fleet. During 1941, she plied the waters between California and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, supplying fuel to ships operating in Hawaiian waters. Early in 1942, Sabine supported carrier task forces that carried out raids against Wake Island and the Gilbert Islands. On 10 April, she joined the task force built around the aircraft carriers and which steamed to within of the coast of Japan and launched bomber aircraft of the United States Army Air Forces commanded by Lt. Col. James Doolittle. The Doolittle Raiders bombed Tokyo, Yokosuka, Nagoya, and Kobe. This strike surprised the Japanese and helped to boost American morale. In May, Sabine provided at-sea refueling for ships in the South Pacific near New Guinea and Australia. In June, she serviced destroyers and cruisers on Aleutian Patrol off Kodiak, Alaska. August found her in southern waters again where, in company with the aircraft carrier , she played an important role in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. During September, she supported ships in and around New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and the New Hebrides. By October, she was busy providing fuel for warships engaging Japanese forces in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. Sabine returned to the United States for two brief periods in January and July 1943. The rest of her time, up to November, was spent on fueling operations in the South and Central Pacific. When the assault on the Gilbert Islands commenced on 19 November 1943, Sabine was busy refueling the carriers, battleships, cruisers, and destroyers that were supporting the landing forces. During the Gilbert operation, the "sea going service station" concept emerged. Sabine and other oilers were assigned designated station areas. Individual combatant ships were sent to these areas in accordance with a preplanned schedule, rather than steam in groups to the areas where each might lose hours waiting for her turn alongside the oiler. Other oilers shuttled between the station areas and Pearl Harbor, which was replenished by a vast fleet of Merchant Marine tankers. In January, February, and March 1944, Sabine operated with Task Force 58 supporting carrier raids on the Palau Islands, the Caroline Islands, and the Marshall Islands. She was detached on 22 April; but, after a voyage to Pearl Harbor, arrived at Majuro Atoll on 18 May ready to rejoin TF 58 for the coming Marianas Islands campaign. The force sortied on 6 June, and Sabine supported the landings on Saipan and Guam and subsequent operations in the Marianas until returning to Pearl Harbor on 14 August. She participated in the invasion of the Palaus during September. In October, she supported the assault forces at Leyte and subsequently provided fuel during follow-up operations in the Philippines. From March through June 1945, Sabine assisted in the Okinawan campaign. July and August were spent supporting US Third Fleet strikes against the Japanese home islands. Japan surrendered in mid-August, and Sabine anchored in Tokyo Bay on 18 September. Postwar service Sabines postwar duties took her from Tokyo to the Yangtze River. Arriving on 19 November, she remained until 22 April 1946. From China, she returned to Hawaiian and West Coast operations. However, she made several Far East cruises; and, on 13 June 1949, she was transferred to the US Atlantic Fleet. Sabine followed a schedule of East Coast fueling operations, training exercises, and Mediterranean deployments until she was placed out of commission, in reserve, on 14 February 1955 and assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet for further transfer to the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS). She was activated by MSTS on 15 November 1956 at San Diego and commissioned on 10 December. Following operations under MSTS, Sabine was again placed out of commission, in reserve, on 13 November 1957. Berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Beaumont, Texas, she was not struck from the Navy List until 14 January 1959. Sabine was reacquired by the Navy in 1961 and towed to New York City for refitting. She recommissioned on 14 December 1961 and rejoined the Atlantic Fleet, homeported at Mayport, Florida. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Sabine was active in the naval quarantine late in 1962. She also participated in operations during the political crisis of mid-1965 in the Dominican Republic. The remainder of the time, during these years and the years which followed, found Sabine busy in local operations, training exercises, and deployments to the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. In October 1968, she was ordered to report to Philadelphia to begin deactivation. For a third time in her long career, Sabine was decommissioned on 20 February 1969; and she joined the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On 22 January 1970, Sabine was transferred to the custody of the Maritime Administration and berthed with the James River, Virginia, Group of the National Defense Reserve Fleet, where she remained into 1976. She was struck from the Navy List for the final time on 1 December 1976, and sold on 1 August 1983. Sabine earned ten battle stars for World War II service. References External links Cimarron-class oilers (1939) Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland 1940 ships World War II auxiliary ships of the United States World War II tankers of the United States Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Sabine%20%28AO-25%29
Denis Banks (born 16 June 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club in the VFL/AFL. Banks was from East Reservoir and played as a centre-half-forward, but injuries prevented him from developing into a key position player. He made his debut in 1979 and played in the losing Grand Final side for the Magpies. In 1984 he won a spot in the VFL's Team of the Year. Banks was nearing the end of his career in 1990, but played another season and won a premiership medal in the drought-breaking Grand Final for Collingwood. He retired in 1991, a year after premiership success. Banks was inducted into the Collingwood Hall of Fame in 2007. External links 1959 births Living people Collingwood Football Club players Collingwood Football Club premiership players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) VFL/AFL premiership players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Banks
Nobile, a Latin word meaning noble, may refer to: Nobile (aristocracy), the Italian equivalent of the landed gentry Nobile (crater), a crater on the moon Nobile Glacier, a glacier in Antarctica People Arielle Nobile (born 1979), American film director and producer Arthur Nobile (1920–2004), inventor of prednisone Leo Nobile (1922–2006), American football player Luigi Nobile (1921–2009), Italian football player Philip Nobile, American writer Roberto Nobile (born 1947), Italian actor. Salvatore Nobile (born 1964), Italian football player Umberto Nobile (1885–1978), Italian explorer and aeronautical engineer See also Nobiles Nobilis (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobile
Itinerarium Burdigalense ("Bordeaux Itinerary"), also known as Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum ("Jerusalem Itinerary"), is the oldest known Christian itinerarium. It was written by the "Pilgrim of Bordeaux", an anonymous pilgrim from the city of Burdigala (now Bordeaux, France) in the Roman province of Gallia Aquitania. It recounts the writer's journey throughout the Roman Empire to the Holy Land in 333 and 334 as he travelled by land through northern Italy and the Danube valley to Constantinople; then through the provinces of Asia and Syria to Jerusalem in the province of Syria-Palaestina; and then back by way of Macedonia, Otranto, Rome, and Milan. Interpretation and analysis According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the report is a dry enumeration of the cities through which he passed and the places where he stopped or changed horses, with their respective distances. For the Holy Land he also briefly notes the important events which he believes to be connected with the various places. Here he makes some strange blunders, as when he places the Transfiguration on Mount Olivet. His description of Jerusalem, though short, contains information of great value for the topography of the city. Jaś Elsner notes that twenty-one years after Constantine legalized Christianity, "the Holy Land to which the pilgrim went had to be entirely reinvented in those years, since its main siteancient Jerusalemhad been sacked under the Emperor Hadrian and refounded as Aelia Capitolina." Elsner found to his surprise "how swiftly a Christian author was willing implicitly to re-arrange and redefine deeply entrenched institutional norms, while none the less writing on an entirely traditional model [i.e., the established Greco-Roman genre of travel writing]." The compiler of the itinerary cites the boundaries from one Roman province to the next and distinguishes between each change of horses (mutatio) and stopover place (mansio). He also differentiates between simple clusters of habitations (vicus) and the fortress (castellum) or city (civitas). The segments of the journey are summarised; they are delineated by major cities, with major summaries at Rome and Milan, long-established centers of culture and administration, and Constantinople, refounded by Constantine only three years previously, and the "non-city" of Jerusalem. Glenn Bowman argues that it is a carefully structured work relating profoundly to Old and New Biblical dispensations via the medium of water and baptism imagery. Some scholars of early Christianity maintain that the book is not a first-person account of a Christian pilgrimage to Byzantine Palestine but a collection of secondhand stories compiled by someone living in Bordeaux. Manuscripts The Itinerarium survives in four manuscripts, all written between the 8th and 10th centuries. Two give only the Judean portion of the trip, which is fullest in topographical glosses on the sites, in a range of landscape detail missing from the other sections, and Christian legend. See also Eusebius of Caesarea, Church historian and geographer of the Holy Land Egeria, pilgrim to the Holy Land (c. 381–384) St Jerome, Bible translator Madaba Map Antoninus of Piacenza (pilgrim) Chronicon Paschale, 7th-century Greek Christian chronicle of the world Arculf, pilgrim to the Holy Land John of Würzburg, pilgrim to the Holy Land References Further reading Kai Brodersen: Aetheria/Egeria, Reise in das Heilige Land. Lateinisch/deutsch (Sammlung Tusculum). Berlin und Boston: De Gruyter 2016. (contains a bilingual edition of the Itinerarium Burdigalense) External links An overview (with maps) of the account English translation, in a series of pages The Latin text, in one page The Bordeaux Pilgrim at Centuryone.com Bechtel, Florentine (1910). Itineraria. Catholic Encyclopedia. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4th-century Latin books Travel books Prose texts in Latin Medieval literature Holy Land travellers 4th-century Christian texts Roman itineraries Pilgrimage accounts 331 Map types 4th-century maps	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itinerarium%20Burdigalense
History for Sale is the third album by Blue October. The title of the album comes from a lyric in the song "Amazing". It was recorded at Sound Arts Studios in Houston, Texas, and at Stomp Box Studios in Arlington, Texas, and released in the United States on April 8, 2003 by Brando Records. It was co-produced by Justin Furstenfeld and David Castell. It is the only Blue October album to feature former member Dwayne Casey on bass guitar, and the band's first album featuring lead guitarist C.B. Hudson. The track "Come in Closer" features guest vocals by Zayra Alvarez, who later, on the CBS reality show Rock Star: Supernova, sang the song "Razorblade" on her final episode before being voted off. History for Sale was voted best album by the 2003 Houston Press Music Awards. The album, re-released on Universal Records on August 5, 2003, is largely a response to the control the label placed on the group during the Consent to Treatment production process. The re-released version of the album includes a solo acoustic version of "Calling You" as a hidden track, while the original version of the album includes videos of the band during the recording process. Track listing All songs written by Justin Furstenfeld, except where noted. Personnel Justin Furstenfeld - lead vocals, guitar Jeremy Furstenfeld - drums Matt Noveskey - bass guitar on tracks 1, 3, 8, 9, 10 Dwayne Casey - bass guitar on tracks 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 C.B. Hudson - guitar Ryan Delahoussaye - violin, mandolin Zayra Alvarez - backing vocals Brian Baker - engineer, editing David Castell - flute (on "Come in Closer" and "3 Weeks She Sleeps"), programming, production, editing, synthesizer Robert Greeson - art direction Blue Miller - guitar, production, editing, mixing, keyboards Mark O'Donoughue - engineer Tim Palmer - mixing Sam Paulos - executive producer Derek Taylor - digital editing References 2003 albums Blue October albums Universal Records albums Albums produced by David Castell	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20for%20Sale
The Tennessee Commissioner of Tourist Development is the head of Tennessee's Department of Tourist Development, which is concerned with attracting tourism to the state. The Commissioner is appointed by the governor of Tennessee and is a member of the governor's Cabinet, which meets at least once per month, or more often to the governor's liking. The Commissioner, in accordance with the rules of the state publications committee, acts through the tourism division of the Department to collect, compile, and distribute literature relating to the facilities, the advantages and attractions of the state, the historic, recreational, and scenic points and places of interest within the state, and the transportation and highway facilities of the state. The Commissioner is also authorized to form contracts with agencies of any type that will further objectives of advertising to Tennessee nonresidents, to compile information from state government branches for advertising purposes, and to accept unconditional gifts of money for the Department of Tourist Development's purposes. The position of Commissioner was created in 1976, along with the Department it heads. The current Commissioner under the Phil Bredesen administration, , is Susan Whitaker. The previous Commissioner under the Don Sundquist administration was John Wade. External links The Tennessee Department of Tourist Development website LexisNexis's archive of Tennessee Code, Title 4 The Department of Tourist Development website in 2002 Tourist Development Commissioner	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee%20Commissioner%20of%20Tourist%20Development
"To a Mountain Daisy", On Turning one Down, With The Plough, in April 1786 is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1786. It was included in the Kilmarnock volume of Burns's poems, published in that year. The poem tells of how the poet, while out with the plough, discovers that he has crushed a daisy's stem. It is similar in some respects to his poem To a Mouse, published in the previous year. In ploughing a field in the early morning, there must have been hundreds of small flowers that were turned down by the plough and why Burns was taken with this particular specimen is a mystery. In a similar way from To a Mouse, Burns compares the daisy's fate to that of humankind, first, in stanza six, to a young girl taken in by her lover and then, in stanza seven, to himself. The final stanza is in some ways reminiscent of Andrew Marvell's poem To His Coy Mistress: But at my back I always hear Time's wingèd chariot drawing near; References Scottish poems 1786 poems 1786 in Scotland Scots-language works	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20a%20Mountain%20Daisy
The 2001 XFL Draft was the only draft for the first-iteration XFL football league. The draft took place over a three-day time period from October 28 to October 30, 2000, during which time a total of 475 players were selected by the league's 8 teams from a pool of approximately 1,600 or so eligible players. The draft consisted of 59 rounds—10 rounds taking place on October 28, 15 rounds on October 29, and 34 rounds on October 30. The draft was followed by a supplemental draft on December 29, 2000, during which 65 additional players were selected in an effort to completely fill out team rosters. Most eligible players came from either the CFL, the Arena Football League, NFL Europe, retired NFL players, or previous college players who had gone undrafted by the NFL but had not yet signed with another league. The XFL draft took place in order for teams to be ready to begin league play when the season kicked off on February 3, 2001. Notable players drafted Many of the players selected in the XFL draft went on to compete in the NFL and other football leagues. Notable players selected in the draft included Las Vegas running back Rod Smart, who first gained popularity because the name on the back of his jersey read "He Hate Me." Smart stated that he had wanted to put "They Hate Me" (a jab at his critics) but there wasn't enough room. Smart, who was only picked 357th in the draft, later went on to play for the Philadelphia Eagles, Carolina Panthers, and the Oakland Raiders, thus becoming the second XFL player (after receiver Yo Murphy did as a member of the St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI) to play in a Super Bowl, participating in Super Bowl XXXVIII, which his team lost. Many other XFL "alumni" who were selected in the draft went on to play in the NFL, including Kevin Kaesviharn, Jose Cortez, Corey Ivy, Mike Furrey and Rod Smart, and many others played extensively in the CFL, including Kelvin Anderson, John Avery, Duane Butler, Jeremaine Copeland, Marcus Crandell, Reggie Durden, Eric England, Paul McCallum (who wore the jersey nickname "CFL Reject"), Yo Murphy, Noel Prefontaine and Bobby Singh. The Arena Football League also absorbed some former XFL players. Player selections References External links Xfl Draft Draft American football drafts Xfl Draft	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20XFL%20Draft
Western & Southern Financial Group, also commonly referred to as Western & Southern, is a Cincinnati, Ohio-based diversified company of financial services subsidiaries with $111.6 billion in assets owned and managed as of December 2021. As of 2022, it held a "AA- Very Strong" rating from Standard & Poor's, a "A+ Superior" from A.M. Best, a "AA Very Strong" from Fitch, a "Aa3 Excellent" from Moody's, and a "96 out of 100" Comdex ranking. Through its subsidiaries, Western & Southern offers a variety of financial services such as life insurance, annuities, mutual funds and investment management. Subsidiaries include Western & Southern Life Insurance Co, Western-Southern Life Assurance Co, Columbus Life Insurance Co, Gerber Life Insurance Company, Integrity Life Insurance Co, National Integrity Life Insurance Co, Lafayette Life Insurance Co, IFS Financial Services, Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Touchstone Investments, and Eagle Realty Group. History Western & Southern hosts the Western & Southern Open tennis tournament. This tennis event has contributed more than $5.5 million to charities in the Greater Cincinnati community. Western & Southern played a key role in the development of the Great American Tower at Queen City Square project in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. In May 2013, Western & Southern signed a controversial agreement with Cincinnati Union Bethel to purchase the historic Anna Louise Inn in downtown Cincinnati. In 2014, Western & Southern Financial Group, owner of many properties within the Lytle Park Historic District asked the city to remove the historic status of several historic buildings. The company hopes to remove sections of the district in order to build new office space. In 2015, Western & Southern became the title sponsor of the annual WEBN fireworks show at Fountain Square. In 2018, Western & Southern acquired the Gerber Life Insurance Company from Nestle for $1.55 billion, along with a long-term intellectual property license in connection with financial services. In November 2019, Western & Southern Financial Group promoted John Bultema as CEO of Lafayette Life Insurance Co. On 9 March 2020, Legacy Marketing Group formed a strategic partnership with Western & Southern Financial Group to create and sell Western & Southern subsidiary Integrity Life Insurance Company's proprietary fixed indexed annuity products. See also List of United States insurance companies References External links Western & Southern Financial Group website Insurance companies of the United States Life insurance companies of the United States American companies established in 1888 Financial services companies established in 1888 Mutual insurance companies of the United States Companies based in Cincinnati	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20%26%20Southern%20Financial%20Group
Snail Maze is a 1986 video game by Sega for the Master System. Instead of being released on a cartridge, it was built into the system's BIOS and could be played by starting the system without a game cartridge inserted and holding Up and buttons 1 and 2 simultaneously. Some later console models included a minimal BIOS because of memory constraints, and Snail Maze had to be removed. These systems instead included a built-in Alex Kidd in Miracle World or Sonic the Hedgehog. Snail Maze was never released in cartridge or card format. Gameplay A very simple game, Snail Maze involves navigating a small orange snail with a yellow shell through a blue maze. A goal area is clearly marked, which players must attempt to reach within a time limit. Despite its relative simplicity compared to other games of its era, Snail Maze could be quite challenging. Subsequent levels reduce the time available, giving a progressively lower margin for error. Legacy A version of Snail Maze was included on the Coleco Sonic handheld system, created in 2006. An emulated version of Snail Maze can be played on the in-game Master System in the 2021 game Lost Judgment by using the system without selecting a game. In 2004 an unofficial port of Snail Maze was made for the Japanese MSX computer platform with enhanced graphics and a new title screen. An unofficial port Snail Maze was released on iOS in January 2013. An unofficial port of Snail Maze was released in December 2015 for the TI-84 Plus CE graphing calculator, written in eZ80 assembly language. In 2020, Genesis Project created and released a Commodore 64 version of Snail Maze. References External links Master System screenshots 1986 video games iOS games Master System games Master System-only games Maze games MSX games Sega video games Video games developed in Japan Single-player video games	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail%20Maze
Maria Amalia (Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga; 24 November 1724 – 27 September 1760) was Queen of Spain from 10 August 1759 until her death in 1760 as the wife of King Charles III. Previously, she had been Queen of Naples and Sicily since marrying Charles on 19 June 1738. She was born a princess of Poland and Saxony, daughter of King Augustus III of Poland and Princess Maria Josepha of Austria. Maria Amalia and Charles had thirteen children, of whom seven survived into adulthood. A popular consort, Maria Amalia oversaw the construction of the Caserta Palace outside Naples as well as various other projects, and she is known for her influence upon the affairs of state. Biography Early years She was born at Dresden Castle in Dresden, the daughter of Augustus III of Poland, Elector of Saxony and Maria Josepha of Austria, herself daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor. Her mother was the first cousin of Empress Maria Theresa. The infant was baptized with the names Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga, but known as Maria Amalia. One of sixteen children, she was the sister of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony wife of her cousin Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria; she was the older sister of Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony who was the mother of Louis XVI of France. Her youngest sister, Princess Kunigunde was a possible wife for the future Philippe Égalité. She grew up at the court of Dresden and was educated in French, dance and painting. She was also an accomplished musician and sang and played the piano from an early age. Queen of Naples and Sicily In 1738 Maria Amalia became engaged to Charles, King of Naples and Sicily, the future Charles III of Spain. The marriage was arranged by her future mother-in-law Elizabeth Farnese, after Elizabeth had failed to arrange a marriage of Charles to Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, and refused to agree to have him marry to Louise Élisabeth of France. The impenetrable secret negotiations had taken place earlier in Vienna, where the Dowager Empress Wilhelmina Amalia, grandmother of Maria Amalia, played an important part in the negotiations. The Spanish ambassador in Vienna, Count Fuenclara, acted on behalf of the courts of Madrid and Naples, while the Italian banker Giovanni Battista Bolza represented the interests of Dresden court. In December 1737, a papal dispensation was made, and the marriage announced in the beginning 1738. On 8 May 1738 Maria Amalia had a proxy ceremony at Dresden with her brother, Frederick Christian of Saxony, representing Charles. Since this marriage was looked upon favorably by the papacy, it soothed the diplomatic disagreements between Charles and the Papal states. On 4 July 1738 Maria Amalia arrived at Naples and to what was described as a euphoric welcome. The couple met for the first time on 19 June 1738 at Portella, a village on the kingdom's frontier near Fondi. At court, festivities lasted till 3 July when Charles created the Royal order of San Gennaro – the most prestigious chivalric order in the kingdom. He later had the Order of Charles III created in Spain on 19 September 1771. Despite being an arranged marriage, the couple became very close: it was noted and reported to her mother-in-law in Spain, that Charles seemed happy and pleased when he first met her. Maria Amalia was described as a beauty and as a skillful rider, and she accompanied Charles on his hunts. As Queen, she exerted great influence upon politics despite her frequent illnesses, and she actively participated in state affairs. She ended the careers of several politicians she disliked, such as J.M. de Benavides y Aragón, conte di Santisteban; Y.Y. de Montealegre, marchese di Salas; and G. Fogliani Sforza d'Aragona, marchese di Pellegrino. Her displeasure led directly to the latter being deposed as prime minister. Maria Amalia did not need to keep her influence secret: after the birth of her first son in 1747, she was given a seat in the council of state. She worked against the Spanish influence on Naples and in 1742 convinced Charles, against the will of Spain, to declare Naples neutral during the War of the Austrian Succession, during which Britain threatened to bomb Naples. In 1744, however she was forced to agree to declare war. She then favored Great Britain before France and Austria. Maria Amalia was talked about because of her favorites, which were to have influence over her policy when she was very ill, such as princess Anna Francesca Pinelli and duchess Zenobia Revertera. In 1754, she supported the career of Bernardo Tanucci as Foreign Minister. Maria Amalia was very cultivated and played an important role in the construction of Caserta Palace, for which she saw her husband lay the foundation stone for on his 36th birthday, on 20 January 1752 amid much festivity. However, they left Naples before its completion due to her declining health so they never actually lived in the palace. She also was influential in the building of the Palace of Portici (Reggia di Portici), the Teatro di San Carlo – constructed in just 270 days – the Palace of Capodimonte (Reggia di Capodimonte); her husband also had the Royal Palace of Naples renovated. Her apartments at Portici were home to the famous porcelain from the Capodimonte Porcelain Manufactory which she who introduced the production of Porcelain in Naples in 1743. She was also a heavy user of tobacco. Maria Amalia was also a patron of the composer Gian Francesco Fortunati, a favorite at the Neapolitan court. She was criticized for being too religious from what was proper from someone not a member of a Catholic monastic order: she attended mass twice and eventually four times a day and kept more devotions than what was normal for a nun or a monk, and he eventually lectured her that she was more fervent than what could be regarded as modest for a lay person. Queen of Spain At the end of 1758, Charles' half brother Ferdinand, was displaying the same symptoms of depression from which their father used to suffer. Ferdinand lost his devoted wife, Infanta Barbara of Portugal in August 1758 and would fall into deep mourning for her. He named Charles his heir on 10 December 1758 before leaving Madrid to stay at Villaviciosa de Odón where he died on 10 August 1759. Charles succeeded him. That same year Charles and Maria Amalia left Naples for Madrid, leaving two of their children behind in Caserta. Her third-surviving son became Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, while his elder brother Charles was groomed in Spain to inherit the Spanish crown; their oldest brother, Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria was mentally disabled and was thus taken out of the line of succession to any throne; he died quietly and forgotten in Portici where he had been born in 1747. The right of succession to Naples and Sicily was reserved for her third son Prince Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily; Prince Ferdinand stayed in Italy while his parents were in Spain. In favour of that, Charles abdicated on 6 October 1759, decreeing the final separation between the Spanish and Neapolitan crowns. Charles and Maria Amalia arrived in Barcelona on 7 October 1759. Maria Amalia once again did much to improve the royal residences having them redecorated. She, along with her husband, helped with the founding of the luxury porcelain factory under the name Real Fábrica del Buen Retiro. Maria Amalia deemed Spain to be ill managed and undeveloped, and she partially blamed her mother-in-law, Queen Dowager Elizabeth Farnese, who was thereby obliged to leave the Spanish court. She did not like it in Spain, and complained about the food, the language, which she refused to learn; the climate, the Spaniards, whom she thought to be passive and the Spanish courtiers, whom she regarded as ignorant and uneducated. She described the Spanish court as depressed and hysterical. She planned great reforms to the Spanish system, but did not have time to finish them. In September 1760, a year after arriving in Madrid, Maria Amalia suddenly died at the Buen Retiro Palace outside the capital. She was buried at the Royal Crypt in El Escorial. She was joined by her devoted husband in 1788. In 1761, Charles commissioned Giovanni Battista Tiepolo to paint frescoes for the Royal Palace in Madrid. In the Queen's Antechamber, Tiepolo and his assistants painted the Apotheosis of the Spanish Monarchy. The frescos were painted from 1762–1766. Queen Maria Amalia appears surrounded by several of the gods of Greek mythology, including Apollo. Issue By Infante Carlos of Spain, Duke of Parma and Piacenza; King of Naples and Sicily; King of Spain (Real Alcázar de Madrid, Madrid, Kingdom of Spain, 20 January 1716 – Royal Palace of Madrid, Madrid, Kingdom of Spain, 14 December 1788) Princess Maria Isabel (Portici, 6 September 1740 – Naples, 2 November 1742) died in childhood. Princess Maria Josefa (Portici, 20 January 1742 – Naples, 1 April 1742) died in childhood. Princess María Isabel Ana (Capodimonte, 30 April 1743 – Capodimonte, 5 March 1749) died in childhood. Princess María Josefa (Gaeta, 6 July 1744 – Madrid, 8 December 1801). Princess Maria Luisa (Portici, 24 November 1745 – The Hofburg, 15 May 1792) married Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and had issue. Prince Felipe, Duke of Calabria (Portici, 13 June 1747 – Portici, 19 September 1777). Charles IV of Spain (Portici, 11 November 1748 – Palazzo Barberini, 19 January 1819) married Maria Luisa of Parma and had issue. Princess Maria Teresa (Royal Palace of Naples, 2 December 1749 – Portici, 2 May 1750) died in childhood. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (Naples, 12 January 1751 – Naples, 4 January 1825) married Maria Carolina of Austria and had issue Prince Gabriel (Portici, 11 May 1752 – Casita del Infante, 23 November 1788). married Infanta Maria Ana Vitória of Portugal Princess Maria Ana (Portici, 3 July 1754 – Capodimonte, 11 May 1755) died in childhood. Prince Antonio Pascual (Caserta, 31 December 1755 – 20 April 1817) married Infanta María Amalia of Spain Prince Francisco Javier (Caserta, 15 February 1757 – Aranjuez, 10 April 1771) died in childhood. Arms Ancestry References Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani – Volume 70 (2007) María de los Ángeles Pérez Samper: María Amalia de Sajonia, in: Diccionario biográfico español, Madrid 2009–2013, Online-Version \|- \|- Royal consorts of Naples Royal consorts of Sicily Spanish royal consorts House of Wettin Nobility from Dresden German expatriates in Spain 1724 births 1760 deaths 18th-century deaths from tuberculosis Polish princesses Polish expatriates in Spain Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial Albertine branch Tuberculosis deaths in Spain Daughters of kings Mothers of monarchs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Amalia%20of%20Saxony
William Dorsey Brown (June 29, 1938 – November 4, 2018) was an American football player. Brown was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons, including 13 seasons with the Minnesota Vikings, and was named to the Pro Bowl four times. Biography After graduation from Mendota High School, Brown played college football at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He was an All-Big Ten fullback, and also won the Big Ten shot put title and set an Illinois record with a toss of . Brown was a second round choice (20th overall) of the Chicago Bears in the 1961 NFL Draft. Brown was traded to the Vikings before the 1962 season, for a fourth-round draft pick in the 1964 NFL Draft. Brown played for the Vikings for 13 seasons, and was named to the Pro Bowl after the , , , and NFL seasons, earning the nickname "Boom-Boom" for his reckless, and often violent, running style. Brown holds many Vikings team records. Brown holds Vikings records for most games played by a running back (182), most consecutive games played by a running back (101), and most games started by a running back (111). He ranks fourth for career rushing yards (5,757), trailing Robert Smith (6,818), Adrian Peterson, and Chuck Foreman (5,887). Brown holds the team record for career rushing attempts (1627), and is tied for third in team history in rushing touchdowns (52). He ranks fourth in career points scored (456), behind Fred Cox, Fuad Reveiz, and Cris Carter. Brown's combined rushing and receiving yards (9237) ranks third, behind Darrin Nelson and Cris Carter. With the retirement of Don Perkins, Brown led active players in career rushing yards for much of the 1970 season, but had been passed by Leroy Kelly by the season finale. Brown died on November 4, 2018. He was survived by his children Scott, Shelley, Kimberly, and Mick. Former Vikings and Oakland Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon was his son-in-law. References External links 1938 births 2018 deaths People from Mendota, Illinois Sportspeople from LaSalle County, Illinois American football running backs Illinois Fighting Illini football players Chicago Bears players Players of American football from Illinois Minnesota Vikings players Western Conference Pro Bowl players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Brown%20%28American%20football%29
Elizabeth Black Kander (1858–1940) was an American progressive reformer, philanthropist and author, founder of a settlement house in Milwaukee, where she originated her best-known work, The Settlement Cookbook. Early life Elizabeth Black was born on May 28, 1858, to John and Mary (Perles) Black, who were from Jewish families from England and Bavaria. The Black family had previously lived in Green Bay, Wisconsin before their 1844 move to the South Side of Milwaukee. John Black opened a dry goods store to support the family. At this time, the Blacks were one of over two hundred German Jewish families who lived as merchants in the Milwaukee area. Kander's parents were founding members of the Reform temple Temple Emanu-El and believed in reconciling religion with the progressive ideas of the age. At a young age, Kander was taught from her mother that "home reigned supreme." This concept would carry throughout all of her progressive work. She attended and graduated valedictorian from Milwaukee East High School. In her valedictorian speech, she “spoke of the need to restore economic individualism and political democracy to American cities”. She believed that “social decay could not be entirely blamed on the effects of rapid industrialization, urbanization, or capitalism, but from the general wiliness of women to escape personal responsibility”. Although Kander had progressive ideas, she did not agree with the women's suffrage movement. It had become an unproductive distraction. Like other female reformers of her time, Kander believed in “municipal housekeeping”. Women could use their natural housekeeping ability to manage the larger home of the city. An increasing belief was that the center of home life was responsible for the moral tone of the community. Soon after her graduation, she joined the Ladies Relief Sewing Society. This became the foundation of her future reform work. She met Simon Kander, a native of Baltimore who had moved to Milwaukee in 1868, through their mutual interest in public school reform. Black and Kander were married on May 17, 1881; the couple never had children. Progressive work From 1890 to 1893, Kander worked as truancy officer to view the home conditions of Milwaukee's Russian immigrant families. The conditions were ““a deplorable situation, threatening the moral and physical health of the people”. Kander reported her finding to her women club members and challenged them to get involved in reforming the area. She developed a program to have volunteers visit homes and assess the extent of need for each immigrant family. This was done to help “Americanize hard to reach immigrant mothers isolated in their home as well as channel immigrant mother[s] to other Jewish charitable services”. Because Kander refused to accept social reform as essentially Christian, she joined the Milwaukee Chapter of the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW) which was established to provide sewing, cooking and English classes to Russian immigrants. Kander believed Jewish women had an obligation to have a role in “advancing the history and customs of their forefathers.” Settlement achieved the greatest amount of success with Jewish communities because they oriented towards achieving middle class status through education; and settlement houses could help them “achieve this goal.” Settlement house was “their celebration of immigrant culture was meant to be a temporary way station along the road to eventual Americanization.” Kander was able to target this amongst the Jewish community in Milwaukee. In 1895 she founded the Keep Clean Mission at B'ne Jeshurun Temple in Milwaukee. Kander founded it with $75 of her own money. The Mission served one hundred children from ages five to ten years old. They were given a short sermon on cleanliness in all aspects of their life. Settlement house and cookbook The Ladies Relief Sewing Society's mission was to “alleviate the suffering of the poor and needy by furnishing them with clothing.” The women would collect clothing and repair them from needy families. She was elected President of the Society in 1894. The particular poor in mind were the increasing number of Jews from the increased immigration from Eastern Europe particularly. The women soon realized providing clothing was not enough. They set to “improve sanitary conditions, maintain school attendance among immigrant children, and help speed acculturation through recreation and skills class in sewing, darning, mending, crocheting, embroidery, painting, and drawing.” This was later renamed Milwaukee Jewish Mission at Emanu-El Guild Hall. On March 27, 1900, Kander's Milwaukee Jewish Mission was combined with the Sisterhood of Personal Service to establish a settlement house on North 5th Street. The Settlement was financially supported by Milwaukee's business elite. Her husband, Simon, with his real estate business and short tenure as a Republican State Representative, had many connections which gave her the opportunity to solicit contributions for her settlement work. Kander was elected president; in addition to her administrative duties, she taught cooking classes. These cooking classes were used to help Americanize the family and educate immigrants on nutrition. The immigrant girls would bring “American practices and values back from the settlement house into their homes.” These cooking classes helped break poor cultural diets through nutritional education of the young women. To keep the Settlement House in operation longer, it had to find a more stable source of funding. Kander suggested creating a cookbook with her cooking class’ recipes supplemented with recipes by her fellow club-women. However the Settlement's Board of Directors refused to provide the $18 needed to publish the book. Kander approached Metron Yewdlale, a Milwaukee printer, to help publish the cookbook, and he agreed to undertake the work, which was supported by selling advertisements. Although the complete title of the book was The Way to A Man's Heart ... The Settlement Cook Book, it is generally known as The Settlement Cook Book. She compiled a 174-page collection of recipes, household hints, and advice on housekeeping. The book also served as a tool for its audience to better assimilate into the American way of life. The Settlement was funded by the cookbook for nine years. At this point, the Settlement had outgrown its original location. The proceeds of the book funded the building of the Abraham Lincoln House in 1911 which became the new location of the Settlement House. It later help provide the funds to expand the Jewish Community Center through the purchase of the Milwaukee University High School building. None of the women were paid until 1917 when Settlement House had sufficient funds to begin hiring a staff. Only in 1921 did Kander agree to accept a royalty of 20 cents per book. At this point when demand for The Settlement Cook Book outgrew supply, Kander and her committee formed the Settlement Cook Book Company, a philanthropic company which guided the book to forty editions. The first Settlement Cook Book was published in 1901 and its 1,000 copies sold out within one year. The book proved so popular that 34 subsequent editions—totaling 2 million copies—followed the original edition. Other work In April 1907, Kander was one of the first women to win election to the Milwaukee School Board (Wisconsin's Women). During World War I, Kander led Milwaukee's Food Conservation Council, and established a food exchange to provide meals to folks at minimal cost - among the first in the country. She was able to translate her settlement house programs into the public schools by leading an investigation of Milwaukee's first public program of industrial education for girls. At Kander's influence, the Milwaukee Public School Board passed her resolution and established a Girls’ Trade School. This allowed “American” housekeeping to be taught through extension courses in the public school and could reach a wider audience of Milwaukee's working-class women. She joined with other women to form a pro-social center alliance to improve conditions for the whole community. Later life and legacy Lizzie Black Kander died on July 24, 1940, of a stroke. From 1914 to her death in 1940, Kander would edit and revise each new edition of the cookbook. In 1939, Kander was “honored at the New York World’s fair with a special invitation to attend as one of the state’s outstanding women.” In 1995, the Settlement Foundation turned the book and its assets over to the Greater Milwaukee Foundation, which continues to make donations to women's and children's groups in Milwaukee. She and her husband are distant relatives of former Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander. References "Famed Author of Settlement Cookbook Dies." Milwaukee Sentienal 25 July 1940, 103rd ed., Obtinurary sec.: 1+. Jsoline.com Newspaper Archives. Journal Sentiental. Web. 25 Apr. 2013 Uebelherr, Jan. "'One Hundred Years of 'the Settlement'." Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Apr 18, 2001. Smith, Susan. "Cookbook Loaded with Family History." ProQuest. Marquette University, 8 July 2001. Web. 16 Apr. 2013. Rose, Elizabeth. 1994. "From Sponge Cake to Hamentashen: Jewish identity in a Jewish settlement house, 1885–1952." Journal of American Ethnic History 13, no. 3: 3. Wisconsin Historical Society. “Lizzie Black Kander at the Wisconsin Historical Society”. Topics in Wisconsin History. Web 16 Apr. 2013. Crocker, Ruth. Social Work and Social Order: The Settlement Movement in Two Industrial Cities, 1889–1930. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1992. Hachten, Harva, and Terese Allen. The Flavor of Wisconsin. 2nd ed. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 2009. McBride, Genevieve G. Women's Wisconsin: From Native Matriarchies to the New Millennium. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Historical Society, 2005. Trolander, Judith Ann. Professionalism and Social Change: From the Settlement House Movement to Neighborhood Centers, 1886 to the Present. New York: Columbia, 1987. Further reading Kann, Bob. A Recipe for Success: Lizzie Kander and her Cookbook. Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society, 2007. External links American food writers Jewish American writers Writers from Milwaukee School board members in Wisconsin 1858 births 1940 deaths 19th-century American Jews	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie%20Black%20Kander
The Song Remains the Same is the name of several works by rock band Led Zeppelin. It may refer to: "The Song Remains the Same" (song), the opening track from their 1973 album Houses of the Holy The Song Remains the Same (film), a concert film taking place during three nights of concerts at Madison Square Garden during the band's 1973 North American Tour The Song Remains the Same (album), the soundtrack album of the concert film	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Song%20Remains%20the%20Same
László Polgár (born 11 May 1946) is a Hungarian chess teacher and educational psychologist. He is the father of the famous Polgár sisters: Zsuzsa, Zsófia, and Judit, whom he raised to be chess prodigies, with Judit and Zsuzsa becoming the best and second-best female chess players in the world, respectively. Judit is widely considered the greatest female chess player ever, as she is the only woman to have been ranked in the top 10 worldwide, while Zsuzsa became the Women's World Chess Champion. He has written well-known chess books such as Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games and Reform Chess, a survey of chess variants. He is also considered a pioneer theorist in child-rearing, who believes "geniuses are made, not born". Polgár's experiment with his daughters has been called "one of the most amazing experiments…in the history of human education." He has been "portrayed by his detractors as a Dr. Frankenstein" and viewed by his admirers as "a Houdini", noted Peter Maas in the Washington Post in 1992. Education and career Polgár was born on 11 May 1946 in Gyöngyös, Hungary. He studied intelligence when he was a university student. He later recalled that "when I looked at the life stories of geniuses" during his student years, "I found the same thing...They all started at a very young age and studied intensively." He prepared for fatherhood before marriage, reported People Magazine in 1987, by studying the biographies of 400 great intellectuals, from Socrates to Einstein. He concluded that if he took the right approach to child-rearing, he could turn "any healthy newborn" into "a genius." In 1992, Polgár told the Washington Post: "A genius is not born but is educated and trained….When a child is born healthy, it is a potential genius." In 1965, Polgár "conducted an epistolary courtship with a Ukrainian foreign language teacher named Klara." In his letters, he outlined the pedagogical project he had in mind. In reading those biographies, he had "identified a common theme—early and intensive specialization in a particular subject." Confident that "he could turn any healthy child into a prodigy," he "needed a wife willing to jump on board." Polgár sisters He and Klara married in the USSR, whereupon she moved to Hungary to be with him. They had three daughters together, Susan, Sofia, and Judit, whom Polgár home-schooled, primarily in chess but also in Esperanto, German, Russian, English, and high-level math. Polgár and his wife considered various possible subjects in which to drill their children, "including mathematics and foreign languages", but they settled on chess. "We could do the same thing with any subject, if you start early, spend lots of time and give great love to that one subject," Klara later explained. "But we chose chess. Chess is very objective and easy to measure." His eldest daughter Susan described chess as her choice: "Yes, he could have put us in any field, but it was I who chose chess as a four-year-old... I liked the chessmen; they were toys for me." The experiment began in 1970 "with a simple premise: that any child has the innate capacity to become a genius in any chosen field, as long as education starts before their third birthday and they begin to specialize at six." Polgár "battled Hungarian authorities for permission" to home-school the girls. "We didn't go to school, which was very unusual at the time," his youngest daughter Judit recalled in 2008. "People would say, 'The parents are destroying them, they have to work all day, they have no childhood'. I became defensive, and not very sociable." The family lived "in a modest apartment in the heart of Budapest" in which the "narrow living room" was "cluttered with chess books" and one wall was "lined with sketches of chess scenes from centuries ago." One account described it as "a shrine to unremitting chess practice. Thousands of chess books were stuffed onto shelves. Trophies and boards cluttered the living room. A file card system took up an entire wall. It included records of previous games for endless analytical pleasure and even an index of potential competitors' tournament histories." Polgár began teaching his eldest daughter, Susan, to play chess when she was four years old. "Six months later, Susan toddled into Budapest's smoke-filled chess club," which was crowded with elderly men, and proceeded to beat the veteran players. "Soon thereafter, she dominated the city's girls-under-age-11 tournament with a perfect score." Judit was able to defeat her father at chess when she was just five. "For me, learning chess was natural; with my sisters around me, I wanted to play," said Judit in 2008. The family, she noted, had been the target of "some vicious anti-Semitism" during the girls' childhood. At age 12, she "got a letter, with a picture of my father with his eyes [gouged] out; and very nasty words." Largely because of the anti-Semitism and criticism they endured, there was "no jealousy" among the sisters; Judit said in 2008 that these challenges "kept us bound together." In 2012, Judit told an interviewer about the "very special atmosphere" in which she had grown up. "In the beginning, it was a game. My father and mother are exceptional pedagogues who can motivate and tell it from all different angles. Later, chess for me became a sport, an art, a science, everything together. I was very focused on chess and happy with that world. I was not the rebelling and going out type. I was happy that at home we were in a closed circle and then we went out playing chess and saw the world. It's a very difficult life and you have to be very careful, especially the parents, who need to know the limits of what you can and can't do with your child. My parents spent most of their time with us; they traveled with us [when we played abroad], and were in control of what was going on. With other prodigies, it might be different. It is very fragile. But I'm happy that with me and my sisters it didn't turn out in a bad way." A reporter for The Guardian noted that while "top chess players can be dysfunctional", Judit was "relaxed, approachable and alarmingly well balanced," having managed "to juggle a career in competitive chess with having two young children, running a chess foundation in Hungary, writing books and developing educational programs based on chess." While Polgár taught the girls the game, his wife took care of the home and later "coordinated their travels to tournaments in 40 countries." His daughter Susan said in a 2005 interview, "My father believes that innate talent is nothing, that [success] is 99 percent hard work." She also described Polgár as "a visionary" who "always thinks big" and who "thinks people can do a lot more than they actually do." Although Polgár was criticized in some quarters for encouraging his daughters to focus intensely on chess, the girls later said they had enjoyed it all. Polgár "once found Sophia in the bathroom in the middle of the night, a chessboard balanced across her knees." "Sophia, leave the pieces alone!" he told her. "Daddy, they won't leave me alone!" she replied. Polgár's daughters all became excellent chess players. Still, Sophia, the least successful of the three, who became the sixth-best woman player in the world, quit playing, studied painting and interior design, and focused on being a housewife and mother. Judit has been described as "without a doubt, the best woman chess player the world has ever seen." As of 2008, she had been "the world's highest-ranked female chess player for nearly 20 years." Susan, who became second-best woman chess player in the world, was, at age 17, the first woman ever to qualify for what was then called the 'Men's World Championship', but the world chess federation, FIDE, would not allow her to participate. Later life In 1992, Polgár said that he now wanted "to break the racial barriers in the virtually all-white chess world" by adopting "a black infant from the Third World" whom he would train to become a chess prodigy. Susan recalled in 2005 that, about 15 years earlier, "a very nice Dutch billionaire named Joop van Oosterom" had offered to help Polgár "adopt three boys from a developing country and raise them exactly as they raised us." Polgár, according to Susan, "really wanted to do it, but my mother talked him out of it. She understood that life is not only about chess and that all the rest would fall on her lap." Interviewed in 1993, Polgár was described by William Hartston as resembling "a disgruntled garden gnome" who replied to questions "in a musical voice, with an evangelical tone and a tendency to stare into space." Hartston said that Polgár wore "the scars of weariness after decades of battling against Hungarian chess organizers who wanted his daughters to play in women's tournaments rather than competing against men, and educational authorities who sent an armed policeman to drag Zsuzsa off to school." Polgár's "formula for happiness," wrote Hartston, "is 'work, love, freedom, and luck'. But the key is hard work because hard work creates luck; work plus luck equals genius; and a genius is more likely to be happy." Hartston noted that because Polgár had ended up fathering three daughters, he had been forced to confront issues of sexual inequality. "Men must be clever and hard," Polgár said. "Women must be beautiful and look after the family. Only then, if they have time, can they be clever." He hoped his experiment would "help to change this prejudice." Polgár said in 1993: "The problems of cancer and AIDS might be more easily solved if our system were used to educate 1,000 children." In the same year, looking back on Polgár's experiment, Klara said that "everything he promised has happened." Books and films about Polgár Geoff Colvin wrote extensively about Polgár's experiment in his 2008 book, Talent is Overrated, as did Frank McNeil in his 2009 book Learning with the Brain in Mind. In 1992, Cathy Forbes published a book entitled The Polgár Sisters: Training or Genius?. A documentary about Polgár and his experiment was shown on Israel I TV in 2012. Amir Harel, producer of the documentary, said that the story of the Polgárs "touches upon many aspects of life: the educational experiment, the underlying ideology, the heroic fight against the Communist regime, issues pertaining to the equality of the sexes, family relationships, and even love stories. Obviously, the film attempts to decipher the mysterious nature of the father, László Polgár." Filmmaker Yossi Aviram said that "Years of abuse by the authorities and media made the family suspicious" of people who wanted to make a film about them. "What helped me was my love of chess and the fact that I had fallen in love with this family." Books by Polgár Polgár has written many books on chess. By far the most famous of these is Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games, which "includes 5,334 different instructional situations--many taken from real matches--including 306 problems for checkmate in one move, 3,412 mates in two moves, 744 mates in three moves, 600 miniature games, 144 simple endgames, and 128 tournament game combinations, plus solutions, the basic rules of the game and an international bibliography." It has been called "One of the most iconic chess books ever written." In 2023, Zsuzsa Polgár claimed in a Facebook post that she had written the book and not her father. Published works Nevelj zsenit! (), 1989 () Minichess, 1995 () Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games, 1994 () Chess: Reform Chess, 1997 () Chess: Middlegames, 1998 () Chess: Endgames, 1999 () Királynők és királyok. Sakk, Szerelem, Szex, 2004 () Salom haver: Zsidó származású magyar sakkozók antológiája, 2004 () PeCHESS ember elCHESSte, 2004 () Polgar Superstar Chess, 2004 () Polgar Superstar Chess II, 2005 () I Love Superstar Chess, 2005 () Hatágú csillag. Sakk, képzőművészet és humor, 2005 () Biztonság. Sakk és humor, 2005 () Knight, 2005 () Queens, 2005 () Blanka: Miniaturaj ŝakproblemoj (), 2005 () Sakkmat(t)ek. Sakk, matematika, humor, 2005 () Eszperantó és sakk (), 2006 () La stelita stel''', 2006 () Barna Viktor Pályafutásom'', 2013 () See also Boris Sidis – psychologist and social scientist whose educational experiments are credited for the genius of his famous son William James Sidis. Leo Wiener – historian, linguist, author, and translator, was a child prodigy himself and educated his son Norbert Wiener employing teaching methods of his own invention. Richard Williams – tennis coach and father of Venus and Serena Williams, who devised and successfully executed a childhood plan for his daughters to become star tennis players from a very young age. Earl Woods - U.S. Army officer and father of world-renowned golfer Tiger Woods, which he began instruction in when the latter was a toddler. References 1946 births Chess variant inventors Hungarian chess players Hungarian chess writers Hungarian Esperantists Hungarian Jews Jewish chess players Living people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Polg%C3%A1r
The Kiesha'ra Series is a set of five fantasy novels written by the young adult author, Amelia Atwater-Rhodes, which focus on several races of shapeshifters, including the avians (bird people), the serpiente (snake people), and the shm'Ahnmik (falcon people). The series title, which is in a language from the series called ha'Shmla, translates as "Children of Kiesha." Kiesha is the first cobra serpiente, from whom the royal line of the Cobriana descends. Novels 2003 Hawksong "Danica Shardae, an avian shapeshifter, will do anything in her power to stop the war that has raged between her people and the serpiente - even pretend to be in love with Zane Cobriana, the terrifying leader of her kind's greatest enemy, and accept him as her pair bond. But will Zane strike as swiftly and lethally as the cobra that is his second form?" There has been a war raging between the avian shapeshifters – humans that can turn into sparrows, hawks, crows and raves – and the serpiente – humans that can turn into vipers, cobras, mambas, boas and pythons. No one knows how the war really started. The avians claim that the first cobra, Kiesha, stabbed the first hawk, Alasdair, in the back. The serpents claim that Alasdair had her people slaughter all seven of the first serpents. The war started and has been going strong for thousands of years. Danica Shardae is born into this war and wishes for peace. Heir to the avian throne, she wants to live in a world where she can raise children without fear of them dying, like her brother and sister had. Zane Cobriana, heir to the serpiente throne, wants the same. He sends a message to the avians, asking to meet and discuss peace in a neutral territory - that of the tiger shapeshifters, Mistari. The Mistari leaders tell the two groups that the only way to peace is to combine the two royal houses. Danica and Zane must wed and hope that their union can bring the two people together. The idea is dismissed almost immediately, but later, in private, Danica and Zane agree to try. Traveling between the two lands, the couple must learn to adapt to different ways of thinking and acting. The avians view the casual touching of the serpiente as scandalous, while the serpents view the emotionless reserve of the avians as cold and soulless. After pushing through the troubles of bringing the two groups together and surviving assassination attempts by their own trusted guards, Danica and Zane grow closer, until the one who they each used to despise was now the one they could never live without. 2004 Snakecharm "A surprising union has brought peace to the avians and serpiente. Soon a child will be born to carry on their royal lines. But Syfka, an ancient falcon, is claiming that one of her people is hidden in the avian and serpiente land. Is Syfka's lost falcon just a ruse to stir up controversy among them?" There is no more war between the serpents and avians. The brave venture through the woods to the other side and the rift is healing. But it is healing slowly. The last thing the two peoples need is trouble, which is what appears both in the form of a royal falcon, Syfka, searching for a criminal hiding among the two kinds, and who views the peace as abnormal, claiming it won't last, and the unborn child of Danica Shardae and Zane Cobriana, half hawk, half cobra. The two must root out the hidden falcon among them, who could be anyone at all, and think of a way to raise their child that combines both serpiente and avian ideals. There is still a lot of work ahead of them. 2005 Falcondance "Nicias is a falcon, the son of two exiles from Ahnmik and images of this distant island have always haunted his dreams. When his visions become more like reality, his parents send him back to his homeland - and a royal falcon - they've tried their best to forget." Nicias Silvermead is a peregrine falcon born and raised in Wyvern's Court, the son of Kel and Sebastian, who had been hidden in the sparrow form of Erica Silvermead and the crow form of Andreios. When his falcon magic awakens, he travels to the white city of Ahnmik, nestled days out to sea on an island, to learn to control his power. Ahnmik is not like Wyvern's Court. There is magic embedded everywhere. The roads can take you somewhere you didn't expect to go, the towers sing an unearthly song, and the dancers can call rain or see the future. But this city is ruled with the iron fist of Empress Cjarsa and her heir, Araceli, who happens to be Nicias's grandmother. The slightest criticism of the government is treason, punishable with the Empress's Mercy, the best and cruelest falcon fighters. Plots and deceptions are everywhere. Nicias finds himself a pawn in these mind games and does not enjoy it. While in Ahnmik, Nicias meets Darien, his mother's former partner in the Empress's Mercy, supposedly lost to Ecl, the realm of nothingness where any falcon can escape the pain of reality, sometimes of their own volition, but sometimes not. Darien teaches Nicias how to swim in Ecl and Nicias meets Hai, born of Darien and Anjay Cobriana, Zane Cobriana's older brother. Half falcon and half cobra, Hai's magic was uncontrollable, and in a bad episode, she fell and broke her wings. Now grounded and lost in Ecl, she wants to be left alone. But Nicias is determined to bring her back to the real world. Darien manages to recover her position in the Mercy while spiriting away Nicias and Hai, back to Wyvern's Court. Nicias returns to Ahnmik to convince Aracelli to let him go for good and is caught in a plot by Syfka to kill Empress Cjarsa. Once Aracelli and Cjarsa stop Syfka, Aracelli grants Nicias the freedom to come and go as he pleases. Returning to Wyvern's Court, Nicias finds that the once comatose Hai has awoken, thanks to the bond he formed with her while in Ecl. 2006 Wolfcry "Oliza Shardae Cobriana is heir to Wyvern's Court, home of the avians and serpiente, whose war with each other ended just before Oliza was born. But hatred is slow to die, and Oliza's serpiente suitor is found beaten in avian land. How can she be expected to lead a unified society if her people still cannot live peacefully together?" Oliza is half hawk, half cobra and can transform into a mix of both - a wyvern. She represents the blending of both societies, loving the avian music and simplicity and the serpiente dancers and freedom. She loves her home, Wyvern's Court, but it is clear that this world is still torn apart by prejudice. Oliza has to choose a mate, but either choice - avian or serpent - may result in civil war. After one of her suitors is found beaten almost to death, she realizes how far her people still have to go. However, before she can do anything, she is kidnapped by a group of lion mercenaries and carried far north, weeks away from her home. The wyvern's journey back is fraught with hardship. Along the way, she meets Betia, a wolf shapeshifter who helps her on her way back. She also stumbles upon the Obsidian guild, a group of criminals and dancers that mostly consist of the white vipers that were, long ago, banned from the serpiente lands, though the ban was lifted years ago. When Oliza returns to Wyvern's Court, she discovers that, while speaking with Hai, she was granted a glimpse of possible futures. In the futures that she ruled, Wyvern's Court was destroyed, people murdered, and Oliza realizes she cannot rule, not if she wants her home to flourish. Oliza puts her cousin, Salem Cobriana, on the serpiente throne and her aunt (though only two years younger than Oliza), Sive Shardae, on the avian throne. She then leaves with her new mate, Betia, for the Obsidian guild. 2007 Wyvernhail Narrated by em'Ecl'la'Hai, mongrel falcon, child of Anjay Cobriana and shm'Ahnmik'la'Darien. The book begins only moments after the end of Wolfcry.When Oliza abdicates the throne of Wyverns Court all Hai sees in her sakkri'a'she('vision of the future' in the ancient language) is fire and destruction of Wyvern's Court. In this final book, Hai has to fight to preserve peace and protect people of Wyvern's Court. Omnibus 2010 The Shapeshifters: The Kiesha'ra of the Den of Shadows The Shapeshifters: The Kiesha'ra of the Den of Shadows is an omnibus consisting of all five novels in "The Kiesha'ra Series". It was published on January 12, 2010. The People Dasi The three lines of shapeshifters that are the focus of the series are either direct or indirect descendants of the Dasi, an ancient Egyptian cult. The thirteen Dasi worshipped eight gods, primarily the dual powers of Ahnmik and Anhamirak. Eight of the Dasi worshipped Anhamirak and the four other gods who had similar power to her, while four served Ahnmik and his two divine companions. Ahnmik is the god of control, power, manipulation, cold, sleep, silence, and peace. His gifts to the world included bondage and mastery, and his high priestess was Cjarsa, who was aided by Araceli. The other gods on his side of the pantheon were the death goddess Brysh (whose priestess was Syfka) and the void goddess Ecl (whose priest was Servos). Anhamirak is the goddess of fire, love, life, beauty, passion, chaos, and destruction but above all, freedom. The only other named deity on the light side of the pantheon is Anhamirak's son Namid, god of life and patron of the priest Brassal. The head of the Dasi was Maeve, and it was her task to maintain balance between the two sides. The lesser priests and priestesses of the Dasi were called the Nesera'rsh and the Ealla'rsh. They served Anhamirak and Ahnmik respectively and were known collectively as the Rsh. They spoke to the people whereas the thirteen Dasi leaders spoke to the gods. They made sure that all opinions were acknowledged, served as healers and judges, and taught the people about Ahnleh ("fate" in the Dasi language). It is unknown if Ahnleh was considered an actual deity or a universal force, despite being referred to as feminine. Each Rsh enclave was "a realm unto itself," and its members were dealt with by the Rsh and the Rsh alone. The Dasi themselves respected this fact, and those who remain still do, recognizing the Serpiente Dancer's Guild (namely the sha'Mehay nest within the serpiente palace city and the Obsidian Guild of white vipers) as having originated from the Nesera'rsh. Dancers wearing coins marked with the ha'Shmla symbol Ahnleh (now known colloquially among serpiente as the Snakecharm) are not to be attacked, even by members of the falcon royal family. The falcon Mercy is technically the modern equivalent of the Ealla'rsh, but they have pledged their service to the falcons of the royal family and relinquish their immunity to the will of the royals. However, they still deal with their members internally. One day a creature named Leben approached Maeve and asked her to worship him. She knew that doing so would destroy the balance but she was afraid to refuse as Leben was very powerful. So she seduced him and he gave her the second form of a white viper. She also begged him grant her people of the Dasi second forms. Kiesha and her followers were given forms of snakes while falcon forms were given to Cjarsa and the other worshippers of Ahnmik. Eventually Anhamirak's followers drove the falcons out thus the balance was destroyed. Soon after, a rift between Maeve and the other serpents developed, and she was driven out for practicing black magic. The reasons for this are discussed more closely in Wolfcry. Kiesha rose to power of the new serpiente people and Maeve was taken in by the Nesera'rsh. Kiesha's son, Diente, became the first of the royal Cobriana line and the serpent title for king comes from his name. Maeve live among the Nesera'rsh and had children who survived to become the majority of the Obsidian Guild. The four priest of Ahnmik are all still alive as the falcon royal family, though their situation is slightly changed in Falcondance. They inhabit an island city that shares its name with their god and which they rarely leave. It is revealed throughout the books that the falcons began the war between the serpiente and the avians. After Maeve left, all the Dasi lost control of their power. While the falcon's power would eventually balance itself by consuming those who were to weak or too strong in a coma-like madness, Kiesha's power continued to rage. It was said that she could kill just by looking at another, that her eyes could kindle fire, and her dance, which once brought rains to fertilize the crops, would instead cause floods and kill hundreds of people. The falcons then decided that to protect their people her magic must be split. So they found a small girl named Alasdair and gave her the form of a hawk. Then they split Kiesha's power and gave half of it to Alasdair. They then raised Alasdair to be the ruler of the avians. Later on, she was introduced to a Kiesha and the seven other Anhamirak-worshipping members of the Dasi, and through falcon magic, the serpiente murdered Alasdair. The hawk's people were so distraught that they killed the eight serpents and began the centuries-long war between the two species. All this was put in place so that the magic of the two people could not be united, and again bring about unimaginable destruction akin to that of Kiesha in the days of the Dasi. Avians Avians possess extremely efficient respiratory systems, with body temperatures much higher than those of ordinary humans. Their hearts beat at close to a hundred times per minute at rest. The magic that allows avians to shapeshift protects them from plagues and weaknesses that would kill a human. They are also rumored to be able to live for five hundred years or more. However, this has not been proven in recent years due to the constant killing of the Avian-Serpiente War. Most have either dark hair and eyes, and possess the second form of ravens, crows, and sparrows. They are descended from the tribal leaders of the people who became the avians, their ancestors being Sybil, Merle, and Kyne, respectively. The Avian ambassador to the Mistari takes the form of a goshawk, which appears to be unique. The exception is the royal family, whose members take the forms of golden hawks. Their human forms have golden hair and eyes. These traits breed true over any other type of avian, so any child of a royal family member will have them despite their non-royal parent's lineage. Hawks also have tendency to produce girls when bearing children. All avians are capable of assuming a Demi form where they retain human shape while sprouting their avian wings. The monarchy is descended through the maternal line, or through the Queen, who is known as the "Tuuli Thea". Customarily the reign of the Tuuli Thea ends when her eldest daughter becomes pregnant, thus ensuring continuation of the line. The Tuuli Thea's consort does not receive a title; all avian husbands are referred to as an alistair (meaning "protector"), though a spouse of either gender is called a pair bond. Any other members of the royal family who have a hawk form are addressed formally by their family name, Shardae. First and nicknames are used only by close friends or family in private. Although the Avian society is matriarchal, men are expected to protect and honor their female counterparts. Couples are irrevocably promised to each other as children; the male, or alistair, is a constant protective presence in his betrothed's life. As seen in the traditional betrothal system, Avian culture is quite conservative. Everything is dictated by tradition, with an emphasis on respect to one's elders. Socially, avians severely repress their emotions, neither laughing nor crying publicly. This control is dubbed "avian reserve", a term coined by other shapeshifter tribes. Couples grow to be close, but refrain from sexual activity until formally wed. Avians cherish music, art, and storytelling despite its decline due to the war with the serpiente. The highest punishment among avians is to clip one's wings. The offenders flight feathers are cut and a poison is used to force them into human form. The offender can no longer access his second shape or Demi form, and trying to causes great pain. Only force-shifting, an advanced and invasive magical technique that only falcons know how to use, can reverse the damage. The avians and serpiente have warred for thousands of years. At the start of the series in Hawksong, the royal families of both sides have been nearly decimated while their respective societies and cultures slip further and further into decay. Serpiente The serpiente could not be more different from the avians. They wear their emotions openly, even in some situations where a little control might be appropriate, and are much more free-thinking than the avians. Most anything is allowed in serpiente society as long as it doesn't harm anyone. Rape is considered the highest crime, the punishment being death without a trial, the rationalization being that it is better to kill an innocent man than to let a guilty one go. As worshippers of Anhamirak, the serpiente value free choice above virtually everything else. Ordinary serpiente who follow the Cobriana line consist of emerald boas (descendants of the Dasi Danuta), pythons (Brassal), vipers (Isadora), black rats (Landon), red rats (Nalini), taipans (Donte), and mambas (Nikhil). Though the white vipers are also serpiente, they are descendants of Maeve, the high priestess who originally stood above Kiesha, and they refuse to acknowledge a cobra as their ruler. The royal line of the serpiente are the Cobriana, cobra shapeshifters and the descendants of Kiesha. Falcons refer to them in the ancient languages of ha'Shmla or ha'Dasi as the Kiesha'ra ("the Children of Kiesha"). The ruler is called the Diente and their husband or wife (referred to as "mate" in serpiente society) is called Nag (male) or Naga (female). The first prince in line for the throne is called the Arami. Unlike avians, serpiente frequently have relationships before getting married and when they do marry they choose their own mate. Serpiente culture highly values dancing as well as music and art. The dancer's guilds are, in fact, a power of their own and though they are loyal to the Cobriana, the Diente's power over them is only minimal. Serpiente are very social and are always surrounded by other children while growing up, even when sleeping. This need for company continues throughout their adult lives. Serpiente are cold-blooded even in human form and as such their body temperature is usually near room temperature. Their Demi forms allow them to see heat. This allows them to see and distinguish avians even when they are hiding due to their high body heat. Serpiente are basically invisible to this type of vision and are only recognizable by scent, another sense that is enhanced. The magic that allows serpiente to shapeshift protects them from plagues and weaknesses that would kill a human. They are also rumored to be able to live for five hundred years or more. However, this has not been proven in recent years due to the constant killing of the Avian-Serpiente War. Ordinary serpents have hair in various shades of anything varying from light, honey brown to black. Their eye color can consist of varying jewel tones including amber, sapphire, and emerald. White vipers, who are much less common being descended from a formerly exiled group of Serpiente, are known for white-blonde hair and blue eyes. The Cobriana family are known for their black hair and garnet colored eyes, which can hypnotise with a glance. Cobra traits breed true over any other serpiente traits, excepting the white vipers. All serpents can assume a Demi form which consists of their eyes becoming more brightly colored and the pupils turning into slits. They also grow fangs and snake skin. Their demi-form is less poisonous than their second form, so if bitten, the victim dies slower and more painfully. Serpiente children are born able to take their serpent form, though they don't have much control over it for the first several months and their poison does not develop for four or five years. Serpiente are not completely immune to their own venom, but have a high tolerance to all natural venoms, keeping childish tantrums from being deadly. Serpiente are able to create hybrids with both avians and falcons. However, due to the differing magics between the two races involved and the falcons hatred for mixed-bloods even between members of their own race, the children of such unions are at war with themselves and barely tolerated by their own people. The union between serpiente and avian is much more successful, resulting in a child with five forms (two full forms for avian and serpent forms, a Demi form that blends bird, snake, and human, a human form, and a blend of bird and snake referred to as a wyvern). The serpiente have been at war with the avians for thousands of years and the two sides have been slaughtering each other frequently and very efficiently. Nobody, save the original falcons of the Dasi, remembers how or why the fighting began Falcons (shm'Ahnmik) The falcons are introduced in the second book of the series, Snakecharm and are discussed in detail in the third book, Falcondance. Unlike the avians and the serpiente, who have forgotten much of their origins and all of their magic, the falcon culture has changed very little since the days after the Dasi split, to the point that they speak ha'Dasi (a variation of the Dasi's language ha'Shmla) in everyday life. Ha'Dasi is easily picked up by falcons who have spoken it only sparingly before, since it is the language of the gods and is literally a part of every falcon due to their magic. The falcons inhabit an island, which is called Ahnmik. They have their own city, which is every bit as magical as the falcons themselves. Falcon society has a strict hierarchy with even more rules than the avians. Cjarsa is the Empress and together with her heir Araceli she holds complete control of all the falcons. Implying that the royal family is anything but just, flawless, and merciful is treason and punished with death by torture. As saying that the royal family tortures anyone would be implying that they are cruel, any torture is referred to as the Empress' or the Heir's mercy. The Mercy is also the name of the local police force, which does anything the royal family orders them to, be it helping a child in need or torturing someone to death. They work in pairs, and met out punishment to other members of the Mercy when it is required. When one member feels pain, all of them do. Falcons are deadly fighters, both physically and magically, and resistance to their rules or sentences will almost certainly result in death. In spite of their strict social hierarchy, falcons act much more like serpiente than avians because of their similar origins. Falcons value dance and music and every single thing they build is a work of art. Though most falcons have a free choice of mate, they are confined to falcons of the same type as they are. Falcon children are rare, and precious, and each falcon when born causes a shift in their magic, which all falcons can feel. While children between different falcon types are more easily conceived, they often born with warped magic that usually ends up destroying both them and everything around them. Those that do not have warped magic have no magic at all. They are called kajaes, and in a culture where magic is as common as breathing, they are considered freaks, especially since they would have no wings. Children between falcons and other species are forbidden as the resulting child will have unbalanced magic. Falcon-serpent cross-breeds in particular are said to be unbalanced because the volatile nature of serpent magic 'burns' the calm falcon half. It is likely that the same is true of avian-falcon hybrids, since Avians hold the other half of the magic the Serpiente originally commanded. Mixed-bloods are commonly called mongrels, or quemak in ha'Dasi. Falcons begin studying combat as soon as they are able to walk. They usually begin studying their magic (called jaes'Ahnmik in ha'Dasi) almost as quickly. At the age of four years, they are first tested for their magic, being required to stand for a fortnight without food or drink to test their ability to use magic to sustain themselves without letting it control them. Those who have not come into their magic by the end of their first decade are likely kajaes. A very common form of falcon magic is casting powerful illusions, but more advanced techniques cover a broad range of abilities. Mindwalking is the ability to enter another person's mind as if it were another dimension. Falcons are able to heal grievous wounds, be they internal or external. Persuasion spells can be cast to enhance a particular desire and reduce other beliefs that would keep the subject from acting on the desire. Force-changing is a particularly difficult skill to master, allowing the user to manipulate another shapeshifter's magic to shift them from one form to another. It can be used to heal wounds and cure poisons, but because it is essentially the manipulation of a person's essence, it is considered incredibly invasive and is not allowed to be used by anyone except in an emergency. The only people purposely taught this skill are the Mercy. Because the user was immersed in the magic of another shapeshifter, they gain vary degrees of ability to take that users form. If used deeply enough (usually in an unsuccessful attempt to save someone), the falcon can fully take all forms of their target (human, Demi, and animal). The gift that is most prized by the Empress is sakkri weaving. Sakkri are dances that shape magic. They can be used for entertainment to evoke true emotion or physical feelings like rain or for more serious magics like creating visions of the past or future. It can take falcons centuries to master sakkri weaving well enough to join elite dancing choirs. There are also various battle magics, usually involving tangible indigo energy. Jaes'Ahnmik does not lend itself to matters of procreation. Falcons rarely have children because of it, and if it is used to heal on another species it has a high risk of making females unable to bear children. Their magic also forces them to tell the truth in all things. According to the old myths, "Ahnmik turns all vows true, all lies apparent, and the written word as blood in stone." This means that falcons cannot even make white lies for the comfort of others, possibly at the risk of their lives. All of their training is done in an effort to balance their magic. Falcons who are too weak to control their magic or whose magic is too strong to control fall to the goddess Ecl. Ecl is described by Servos as a void of nothingness, everything that never was and never can be. Her world (called Ecl'gah, which means illusion) often appears as a plain of black ice under a silver moon. It is somewhat akin to the dreamworld, being manipulated by the "dreamers" within it. It can show those who 'ride' the Ecl the past, the present, and possible futures, and those who enter it willingly and with no demands for the Ecl cannot be taken by it. This allows them to use their magic without fear, and bear the title "Mana'Ecl." Those who enter looking for its ability to numb them owe the Ecl, and she takes it by leaving them in a dreamlike coma. They are then known as shm'Ecl. They are between life and death, usually still, but occasionally lashing out with magic at the nightmares they see. The pain of coming closer to reality usually drives them deeper into Ecl, ever more unlikely to return. Shm'Ecl can sometimes sense those of royal blood despite their state, and since some have purposely fled into Ecl to be numbed to the pain of the world, they are not always pleased to be awakened. The only way to pull oneself out of Ecl is to have worldly bonds and vows to call you back. This includes things like vows to spouses, partners, or monarchs. Falcons with great skill in mindwalking could technically help the shm'Ecl, but the few with that kind of power are needed for more important tasks. The falcons (namely Araceli) developed a poison called am'haj that is deadly to the serpiente and traded large amounts of it to the avians. It kindles the remaining spark of Anhamirak magic within a serpent into a fire that destroys itself. Without their magic, the serpiente die. It can be diluted, but in its pure forms even a small scratch will knock a serpiente unconscious in a few seconds, and if it is powerful enough to knock them unconscious then it will eventually kill them. When a cobra is killed by am'haj, the garnet coloring leaves their eyes, leaving a more natural tone. It is assumed that this would hold true for other serpiente, whose jewel-toned eyes are just as unnatural. Falcon hierarchy divides them up into several classes with strict bordering lines between them. The classes are usually defined by a person's ability to control their magic or by their origin. There are four types of falcons, each of them is led by the member of the royal family they are descendants of: Gyrfalcon (Cjarsa), Peregrine (Araceli), Aplomado (Syfka), and Merlin (Servos). Cjarsa and Araceli rule the island, Syfka is the falcon's representative to the mainland, and Servos is in charge of the shm'Ecl. Pure Diamond falcons come into their magic too early, which is dangerous considering how early falcon children already begin training shortly their training. They are often mentally disturbed and either the Empress or her heir must bind their magic. Cjarsa requires them to remain on the ground so that it is easier to reach them if they have an episode. They cannot disobey or lie to members of the royal family, and so serve as more common guards than the Mercy. Their ability to see through any magic except that of a royal falcons is very useful. Falcons usually have fair skin and blonde hair. Being warm-blooded, they radiate heat like avians. Their eyes can be any shade of sapphire to blue-green, as well as silver and sometimes violet. Their hair usually develops blue, or violet streaks as they get more familiar with their magic. The customs concerning appearance on Ahnmik are strict, and the un-dyed strands are pinned back. It is also customary on Ahnmik for citizens to appear in Demi-form and not human form, like the serpiente and avians. Only quemak, kajaes, criminals, Pure Diamonds, and outsiders are forbidden to wear their wings openly. The vast majority of the falcon population wear their wings as a rule. Obsidian Guild (Maeve'ra/White Vipers) The Guild consists mainly of white vipers, the descendants of Maeve, and is first described in detail in Wolfcry. They live as exiles from serpiente society, surviving in the forests through hunting and trading with the local wolf pack. Occasionally exiled serpiente join them. Generally they are soldiers who refused to fight in the Avian-Serpiente War and were branded traitors. However, they also take in criminals who are willing to reform. Those who did not were forced out of the final safe haven. The members of the Guild follow the ways of the Nesera'rsh, the lower priests and priestesses of the Dasi cult. Because of this, the white vipers never lost their ability to do magic. However, since Maeve's magic revolved around the ability to keep the balance, their magic was never as destructive or powerful as that of the serpiente or falcons. The Rsh believed that everyone was connected on a basic level and thus when calling another by name you were really speaking your own name, hence members of the guild do not usually share their names except with their closest friends and family, being referred to only as Obsidian. The rift between the guild and serpiente society dates back to the days of the Dasi, and they are wary of the Cobriana line. In the past there have been many occasions were amnesties were offered and mass executions were delivered. Though the Guild was pardoned two generations ago, and allowed back into serpiente society, only two members of the guild took up on the offer. Though there are no longer hostilities between the two groups, the guild prefers its wandering ways to the strict laws of Wyvern's Court. Mistari This tribe is briefly mentioned in Hawksong. They are tiger shapeshifters who originally lived in Asia but were forced out by humans. They are considered to be very wise and other tribes often come to them for advice in desperate situations. When Zane Cobriana chooses to finally arrange a meeting of the leaders of the serpiente and avians after his brother's death, the meeting was arranged to be held in Mistari lands. The Mistari's female leader, the Disa, was the one who suggested the union of the two peoples by the joining of the royal families. They are the oldest of all the shapeshifters. They are mentioned again in Persistence of Memory (a novel by Atwater-Rhodes outside the Kiesha'ra series). Wolves The wolves were first mentioned in Snakecharm, and explored indepth in Wolfcry. The wolf shapeshifters live in packs led by an alpha, who can be either male or female. Their society values honor, duty, hunting skills, and strength. Leadership of a pack is determined by brute strength, anyone can challenge an alpha for their position. Each pack lives individually, and there appears to be no unified leadership. The characteristics of each pack varies from pack to pack, though this is mostly determined by the climate in which each pack lives. The packs in the south appear friendly, while those in the north are much harsher. The wolves avoided interaction with both the Avians and the Serpiente, but opened trade with both once the war ended. Lions These shapeshifters were first introduced in Wolfcry. They have no kingdom or unified leadership, instead they are nomadic prides. They work primarily as mercenaries, traveling from marketplace to marketplace and to where ever their jobs take them. References External links Official website Random House website Fantasy novel series Fiction about shapeshifting Nyeusigrube American young adult novels Novels by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes Young adult novel series	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Kiesha%27ra%20Series
East Side Tunnel may refer to two separate tunnels in Providence, Rhode Island: The East Side Trolley Tunnel, a tunnel undercutting College Hill, still in use today for bus routes The East Side Railroad Tunnel, a railroad tunnel connecting East Providence to downtown Providence, out of use since 1981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20Tunnel
Yoder is an unincorporated community in Reno County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the community and nearby areas was 165. It is located approximately 10 miles southeast of the city of Hutchinson on K-96. Although Yoder is unincorporated, with no city government, it does have a U.S. Post Office and its own ZIP code (67585). Yoder is the hub of a local Amish community. History The community derives its name from its Amish founder, Valentine Yoder. The first post office in Yoder was established in November 1889. The community was home to the former Naval Air Station Hutchinson, later renamed to Hutchinson Air Force Station, and currently named as Sunflower Aerodrome Gliderport. Geography Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Yoder has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Demographics For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Yoder as a census-designated place (CDP). Education The community is served by Haven USD 312 public school district. Area events Yoder Heritage Day takes place annually on the fourth Saturday in August. Gallery References Further reading External links Community of Yoder Yoder Heritage Day. "Yoder Amish Settlement". Amish State Guide. Reno County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT Census-designated places in Reno County, Kansas Amish in the United States Populated places established in 1889 Census-designated places in Kansas 1889 establishments in Kansas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoder%2C%20Kansas
The 56th Berlin International Film Festival was held from 9 to 19 February 2006. The festival opened with Snow Cake by Marc Evans. Digitally restored version of Sam Peckinpah's 1972 film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid served as the closing film. British actress Charlotte Rampling was selected as the head of the jury. The Golden Bear was awarded to Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams directed by Jasmila Žbanić. The retrospective was dedicated to the film actresses of 1950s, titled Dream Girls. Film Stars in the 1950s was shown at the festival. More than 186,000 tickets were sold at the festival with visitors from 120 countries, including 3,800 journalists, attended the festival. Jury The following people were announced as being on the jury for the festival: International Jury Charlotte Rampling, actress (United Kingdom) - Jury President Matthew Barney, director and multimedia artist (United States) Yash Chopra, director and producer (India) Marleen Gorris, director (Netherlands) Janusz Kamiński, director of photography (Poland) Armin Mueller-Stahl, actor (Germany) Fred Roos, producer (United States) Lee Young-ae, actress (South Korea) Best First Feature Award Jury Valentina Cervi, actress (Italy) Goran Paskaljević, director (Serbia and Montenegro) Hans Weingartner, director and producer (Austria) International Short Film Jury Mariela Besuievsky, producer (Spain) Florian Gallenberger, director and screenwriter (Germany) Jung-Wan Oh, producer (South Korea) In competition The following films were in competition for the Golden Bear and Silver Bear awards: Key {\| class="wikitable" width="550" colspan="1" \| style="background:#FFDEAD;" align="center"\| † \|Winner of the main award for best film in its section \|- \| colspan="2"\| The opening and closing films are screened during the opening and closing ceremonies respectively. \|} Awards The following prizes were awarded by the Jury: Golden Berlin Bear: Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams by Jasmila Žbanić Best Short Film – Never Like the First Time! by Jonas Odell Silver Berlin Bear: Best Film Music – Isabella by Peter Kam Best Actor – Moritz Bleibtreu for The Elementary Particles Best Actress – Sandra Hüller for Requiem Best Director – Michael Winterbottom & Mat Whitecross for The Road to Guantanamo Best Short Film – Penpusher by Guillaume Martinez Outstanding Artistic Contribution – Jürgen Vogel for The Free Will Jury Grand Prix – En soap by Pernille Fischer Christensen Honorable Mention: Short Film – Maryam Keshavarz for El día que morí Honorary Golden Berlin Bear: Andrzej Wajda Ian McKellen Berlinale Camera: Michael Ballhaus Jürgen Böttcher Laurence Kardish Peter B. Schumann Hans Helmut Prinzler Best Debut Film: En soap by Pernille Fischer Christensen (director) & Lars Bredo Rahbek (producer) Panorama Audience Award: Tomer Heymann for Paper Dolls Short Film – Talya Lavie for The Substitute Crystal Bear: Best Short Film – Cameron B. Alyasin for Never an Absolution Best Feature Film – Niels Arden Oplev for We Shall Overcome 14Plus: Best Feature Film – Henry Meyer for Four Weeks in June Crystal Bear – Special Mention: Best Short Film: Irina Boiko for The Thief Best Feature Film: Auraeus Solito for The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros 14Plus: Best Feature Film: Claude Gagnon for Kamataki Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk Grand Prix: The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros by Auraeus Solito Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk – Special Award: A Fish with a Smile by C. Jay Shih Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk – Special Mention: Best Short Film – Vika by Tsivia Barkai Best Feature Film – I Am by Dorota Kędzierzawska Teddy: Best Short Film – El día que morí by Maryam Keshavarz Best Documentary Film – Beyond Hatred by Olivier Meyrou Best Feature Film – The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros by Auraeus Solito Teddy Jury Award: Patrick Carpentier for Combat FIPRSECI Prize: Competition – Requiem by Hans-Christian Schmid Forum of New Cinema – So Yong Kim for In Between Days Panorama – Knallhart by Detlev Buck Prize of the Ecumenical Jury: Competition – Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams by Jasmila Žbanić Forum of New Cinema – Conversations on a Sunday Afternoon by Khalo Matabane Panorama – The Collector by Feliks Falk C.I.C.A.E. Award: Forum of New Cinema – Close to Home by Dalia Hager Panorama – Zhang Yuan for Little Red Flowers Netpac Award: Dear Pyongyang by Yong-hi Yang Prix UIP Berlin: The Fence by Ricardo Íscar Alfred Bauer Prize: Rodrigo Moreno for El custodio Label Europa Cinemas: Detlev Buck for Knallhart Caligari Film Award: Ben Hopkins for 37 Uses for a Dead Sheep DIALOGUE en Perspective: Bülent Akinci for Running on Empty DIALOGUE en Perspective – Special Mention: Florian Gaag for Wholetrain Talent Movie of the Week: Phillip Van for High Maintenance Berlin Today Award: Anna Azevedo for BerlinBall Score Competition: Alasdair Reid Manfred Salzgeber Award: Tomer Heymann for Paper Dolls Panorama Short Film Award: Tala Hadid for Your Dark Hair Ihsan DAAD Short Film Award: Rony Sasson for Swanettes Peace Film Award: Jasmila Žbanić for Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams Amnesty International Film Prize: Masoud Arif Salih for Narcissus Blossom Wolfgang Staudte Award: Tizza Covi for Babooska Prize of the Guild of German Art House Cinemas: Matthias Glasner for The Free Will Femina-Film-Prize: Yasmin Khalifa for Bye Bye Berlusconi! Reader Jury of the "Berliner Morgenpost": Robert Altman for A Prairie Home Companion Reader Jury of the "Berliner Zeitung": Shion Sono for Strange Circus Reader Jury of the "Siegessäule": Tomer Heymann for Paper Dolls References External links 56th Berlin International Film Festival 2006 56th Berlin International Film Festival at the IMDb Official website of program 56 2006 film festivals 2006 festivals in Europe 2006 in Berlin 2006 in German cinema February 2006 events in Germany	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/56th%20Berlin%20International%20Film%20Festival
Eqrem Basha (, ) (born 1948 in Debar, PR Macedonia, FPR Yugoslavia) is among the most respected contemporary writers of Kosovo in recent years. His life and literary production are intimately linked to Kosovo and its capital Pristina, where he has lived and worked since the 1970s. Career It was in the early 1970s, during Kosovo's most prominent period, that Eqrem Basha moved to Pristina to study language and literature at the newly created Albanian language university there. He later worked for Pristina television as editor of the drama section, but was fired for political reasons. Basha is the author of eight volumes of innovative verse spanning the years from 1971 to 1995, three volumes of short stories and numerous translations (in particular French literature and drama). He works at the publishing industry in Pristina. Eqrem Basha is an enigmatic poet. Perplexing, fascinating, and difficult to classify in a literary sense, he succeeds in transmitting a certain mystique to the inquisitive reader. At one moment he seems coolly logical and shows an admirable ability to reason deductively, and the next moment he is overcome by absurd flights of fancy into a surrealistic world where apparently nothing makes any sense. Basha has an urbane view of things and delights in the daily absurdities of life. Nothing could be more foreign to him than the inspiration many of his fellow poets derive from the rich folklore traditions of the northern mountain tribes and verse of social commitment. His verse is light, colloquial and much less declamatory than that of many of his predecessors. References Albanian literature from Robert Elsie Living people 1948 births Kosovan writers People from Debar Kosovan translators Members of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eqrem%20Basha
Pseudo-Macarius (or Pseudo-Makarios) is the conventional designation of the anonymous author or authors of works falsely attributed to Macarius of Egypt. Fifty Spiritual Homilies were ascribed to Macarius a few generations after his death, and these texts had a widespread and considerable influence on Eastern monasticism and Protestant pietism. This was particularly in the context of the debate concerning the 'extraordinary giftings' of the Holy Spirit in the post-apostolic age, since the Macarian Homilies could serve as evidence in favour of a post-apostolic attestation of 'miraculous' Pneumatic giftings to include healings, visions, exorcisms, etc. The Macarian Homilies have thus influenced Pietist groups ranging from the Spiritual Franciscans (West) to Eastern Orthodox monastic practice to John Wesley to modern charismatic Christianity. However, modern patristic scholars have established that it is not likely that Macarius the Egyptian was their author. The identity of the author of these fifty Spiritual Homilies has not been definitively established, although it is evident from statements in them that the author was from Upper Mesopotamia, where the Roman Empire bordered the Persian Empire, and that they were not written later than 534. In addition to the homilies, a number of letters have been ascribed to Macarius. Gennadius (De viris illustribus 10) recognizes only one genuine letter of Macarius, which is addressed to younger monks. The first letter, called "Ad filios Dei," may indeed be the genuine letter by Macarius the Egyptian that is mentioned by Gennadius (Vir. Ill.10), but the other letters are probably not by Macarius. The second letter, the so-called "Great Letter" used the De instituto christiana of Gregory of Nyssa, which was written c. 390; the style and content of the "Great Letter" suggest that its author is the same anonymous Mesopotamian who wrote the fifty Spiritual Homilies. The seven so-called Opuscula ascetica edited under his name by Petrus Possinus (Paris, 1683) are merely later compilations from the homilies, made by Simeon the Logothete, who is probably identical with Simeon Metaphrastes (d. 950). The teachings of Macarius are characterized by a strong Pneumatic emphasis that closely intertwines the salvific work of Jesus Christ (as the 'Spirit of Christ') with the supernatural workings of the Holy Spirit. This 'Pneumatic' thrust in the Spiritual Homilies is often termed 'mystical' and as such is a spiritual mode of thought which has endeared him to Christian mystics of all ages, although, on the other hand, in his anthropology and soteriology he frequently approximates the standpoint of St. Augustine. Certain passages of his homilies assert the entire depravity of man, while others postulate free will, even after the fall of Adam, and presuppose a tendency toward virtue, or, in semi-Pelagian fashion, ascribe to man the power to attain a degree of readiness to receive salvation. References Further reading Pseudo-Macarius; George Maloney, ed. and trans. The Fifty Spiritual Homilies and the Great Letter. Paulist Press, 1992. Plested, Marcus.The Macarian Legacy: The Place of Macarius-Symeon in the Eastern Christian Tradition. Oxford Theological Monographs, 2004. Pseudonymous writers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Macarius
Center Grove High School is a high school located in Greenwood, Indiana. A part of Center Grove Community School Corporation, it serves western Greenwood and most of Bargersville. Founded in 1884, the high school has always been located at the same intersection in White River Township, Johnson County, Indiana. Athletics Current Athletic Director: Joe Bronkella The Center Grove Trojans compete as an independent, with no conference affiliation. The school colors are red and white. The following IHSAA sanctioned sports are offered: Baseball (boys) Basketball (girls & boys) Girls state champion - 1996 Cross country (girls & boys) -Boys 3rd place State finalist 2022 Football (boys) State champion - 2008, 2015, 2020, 2021, 2022 Golf (girls & boys) Boys state champion - 2017, 2021 Soccer (girls & boys) Boys state champion - 2015 Softball (girls) State champion - 1986, 1995, 1998, 2003, 2009, 2015, 2019 Swimming and diving (girls & boys) Tennis (girls & boys) Boys state champion - 2001, 2008 Track (girls & boys) Boys state champion - 2011 Volleyball (girls) State champion - 2000 Wrestling (boys) Demographics The demographic breakdown of the 2,447 students enrolled in 2013-2014 was as follows: Male - 53.0% Female - 47.0% Native American/Alaskan - 0.3% Asian/Pacific islanders - 2.1% Black - 1.2% Hispanic - 3.1% White - 91.5% Multiracial - 1.8% 15.7% of the students were eligible for free or reduced lunch. Fine arts Center Grove has numerous vocal and instrumental music groups in addition to a theatre program. The Center Grove High School marching band won first place at the 1995 Bands of America Grand National Finals. Notable alumni Shamar Bailey- Mixed Martial Arts Fighter Aaron Halterman - Former NFL tight end Trayce Jackson-Davis - Indiana Basketball player and forward for the Golden State Warriors Dave Kneebone - Film and television producer, Abso Lutely Productions Brad Long - Actor Michelle McKeehan - American Swimmer Brienne Pedigo-Christopher - Reporter, ESPN Carson Steele - college football running back for the Ball State Cardinals and the UCLA Bruins Aaron Waltke - Emmy Award-winning screenwriter Russ Yeast - NFL safety for the Los Angeles Rams See also List of high schools in Indiana References External links Center Grove Community School Corporation Public high schools in Indiana Educational institutions established in 1884 Schools in Johnson County, Indiana 1884 establishments in Indiana	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20Grove%20High%20School
"Beecher's Bibles" was the name given to the breech-loading Sharps rifle that were supplied to and used by the anti-slavery settlers and combatants in Kansas, during the Bleeding Kansas period (1854–1860). The breech loading model 1853 Sharps Carbines were shipped in crates marked "Books and Bibles". After an 1856 article in the New-York Tribune carried a quote by Henry Ward Beecher, the Sharps Carbines became known as Beecher's Bibles. Background For decades there had been a conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery activists in America. Before Missouri asked to be admitted to the United States there were 11 free and 11 slave states. Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state. The 1820 Missouri Compromise stated that all states south of Missouri could be admitted as slave states. In 1854 Congress initiated the Kansas–Nebraska Act which said voters could decide. Settlers from both sides came to Kansas. Violence was common between the two sides in Kansas. It was during this conflict that Minister Henry Ward Beecher raised funds to buy rifles for the free-staters: Beecher's Bibles were sent to the territory. Henry W. Beecher believed that such weapons were, "a greater moral urgency among border ruffians than the scriptures". History The name "Beecher's Bibles" in reference to Sharps rifles and carbines was inspired by the comments and activities of the abolitionist New England minister Henry Ward Beecher, of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, of whom it was written in a February 8, 1856, article in the New-York Tribune: Beecher was an outspoken abolitionist and he raised funds to buy weapons for Kansas free state settlers. Some newspapers began calling Beecher's church the "Bible and Rifle Company". From there the guns that were purchased and sent came to be known as Beecher’s Bibles. The term originated from the method of shipment: New England abolitionists sent Sharps Carbines to Kansas in an attempt to assist anti-slavery settlers there. The carbines were shipped in crates which were covered by bibles. The crates were marked with the words "Books and Bibles". The Sharps Carbines were modern in design, incorporating a breech loading mechanism. The rifles were the Sharps Model 1853. The Federal and state authorities had forbidden sending arms to the territory but that did not stop abolitionists from donating funds for firearm purchases. Doctor Samuel Cabot donated $12,500 USD for the purchase of Sharps Carbines. Also according to Amos A. Lawrence, the treasure for the New England Emigrant Aid Society, the society purchased 100 rifles for the cause. There were approximately 900 Beecher's Bibles which were used in the Kansas conflict. References Bibliography Rifles Bleeding Kansas Guns of the American West Arms trafficking Abolitionism in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beecher%27s%20Bibles
PulteGroup, Inc. is an American residential home-construction company based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. As of 2023, the company is the third-largest home-construction company in the United States based on the number of homes closed. In total, the company has built over 775,000 homes. The company operates in 44 markets in 23 states. In 2021, it ranked 284th on the Fortune 500. The company was founded by Bill Pulte in Michigan, and moved its headquarters to Atlanta in 2014. Since 2016, Ryan Marshall has been the president and CEO of the company. History In 1950, Bill Pulte, who was 18 years old, began building and selling houses. In 1956, the company was formed and was based in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. In 1972, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. In 1998, PulteGroup acquired Divosta for an estimated $150 million. The company also acquired Radnor Homes. In 2001, the company acquired Del E. Webb Construction Company, founded by Del Webb, for $1.8 billion. In 2003, the company acquired Sivage-Thomas Homes. In 2009, Pulte Group acquired Centex for $1.3 billion in stock. In August 2014, the company acquired the real-estate assets of Dominion Homes for $82 million. The company changed its name from Pulte Homes, Inc. to PulteGroup, Inc. in March 2010. In 2016, Ryan Marshall became president and CEO of the company. In April 2019, the company acquired the homebuilding operations of American West Homes for $150 million. In 2016, the company won at 9th Annual Shorty Awards for real estate, and in 2022, it was named among Fortune's Best Companies to Work For. Criticism Stucco defects in Florida homes In 2019, after an investigation by Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, Pulte agreed to pay $4.7 million in restitution and make repairs to houses it sold in Florida that had cracks in stucco applied to a wood frame, stucco delamination, and improper installation of weep screed. 2009 allegations of systematic construction defects On March 26, 2009, Building Justice, a project of the International Union of Painters and the Sheet Metal Workers International Association, with support from the AFL-CIO, released the report of a survey of 872 Pulte and Del Webb home owners in Arizona, Nevada, and California, in which 63% of respondents reported construction defects in their homes. The report "Poorly Built by Pulte, No Different at Del Webb: Homeowner Dissatisfaction in Arizona, Nevada, and California" was published on the project's website. Assault of picketing workers In May 2007, during a protest at a Pulte Homes construction site, an employee used a water truck owned by the company to repeatedly assault a group of workers picketing outside a home with a high-pressure water hose. On June 20, 2007, a video of the incident was posted on Youtube. Dismissed lawsuit regarding propping up sale prices In October 2009, a class-action lawsuit was filed by Steve Berman accusing the company of artificially propping up house sales prices and contributing to the United States housing bubble. The lawsuit was dismissed by the court. References External links 1950 establishments in Michigan Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States Companies based in Atlanta Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1950 Home builders	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulteGroup
Mirko Gashi (; 2 January 1939 – July 1995) was an Albanian writer. Born in Kralje, he studied journalism in Belgrade and worked as a journalist in Flaka e vëllazërimit in Skopje and in Radio Prishtina. He wrote poetry during the 1980s, producing collections Gjarpëri i shtëpise (The House Snake) (1980); Arbor vitae (The Tree of Life) (1988); and Plagë uji, (Water Wound) (1990). Gashi translated literature from Kosovo Albanian authors into Serbo-Croatian. In late years, he suffered from depression and alcoholism, which ended in his death in July 1995. References 1995 deaths 1939 births 20th-century Albanian writers Yugoslav writers 20th-century male writers Albanian journalists Yugoslav journalists University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology alumni People from Kraljevo Albanians in Serbia Albanian translators Yugoslav translators Albanian–Serbian translators 20th-century translators 20th-century journalists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirko%20Gashi
Whiteriver Unified School District is a school district in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. The district serves parts of Navajo County, including the communities of Cibecue, East Fork, and Whiteriver. Service area Young Elementary School District included sections of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. In 1984 the Young district contracted with Whiteriver USD to educate the Fort Apache students, numbering about 200, due to roads being inaccessible between Fort Apache and Young. these parts of the reservation are now directly in Whiteriver USD. Schools High schools Alchesay High School and the Career and Technical Education Bldg. Middle schools Canyon Day Junior High School Theodore Roosevelt School* Elementary schools Cradleboard Elementary School is a kindergarten through Sixth Grade Elementary School located in the Cradleboard neighborhood of Whiteriver. Cradleboard is on the White Mountain Apache Reservation in the White Mountains of Arizona. Mary V. Riley Seven Mile Elementary School is the PreK-5 Elementary School. This school feeds in the southern areas of Whiteriver including Canyon Day, 7 Mile, East Fork, and Fort Apache. Whiteriver Elementary School is a kindergarten through Fifth grade. References External links Whiteriver Unified School District Cradleboard Elementary School Webpage School districts in Navajo County, Arizona School districts in Gila County, Arizona	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteriver%20Unified%20School%20District
The Technet are a fictional group of interdimensional travelling bounty hunters appearing in British and American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters appeared mostly in the pages of Captain Britain and Excalibur. The Technet is a team of bounty hunters, founded and originally led by a villain called Gatecrasher, from various other dimensional worlds. For a price they will hunt down and capture fugitive sentient beings, rescue prisoners from captivity, or track down and retrieve lost objects of value. The Technet range through time, space, and various dimensions in their operations. Members The members of the Technet have included: Gatecrasher, the leader of the Technet. She is a tall, massive, blue-skinned female. Her powers include telepathy, the limits of which have not been established, skills in biogenic nucleotronic splicing, and she is endowed with a lot of physical strength due to her size and build, although in hand-to-hand combat it is apparent she lacks skill and training. Bodybag is an enormous reptilian biped, who sprays victims with a green narcotic ooze before swallowing them, paralyzed and unconscious, into one of his three back-sacs, where they are kept paralyzed. If the cocoon is broken open, the victim will soon regain his or her ability to think, access to his or her memory, and control over his or her voluntary muscles. China Doll has a humanoid body above the waist and a serpentine one beneath, and can shrink other beings to trinket-size with her touch. Elmo is a deceased pink-skinned, non-humanoid alien with immense eyes and tentacles who can "dampen" the energy level of other beings. He looks a lot like the later member Waxworks. Ferro was a four-armed biped with fur who was a master swordsman, and wielded swords with all four of his arms. Was slain by Warwolves, apparently after his warranty expired. Ferro2 was the identical brother of Ferro, and replaced him in the team when the former was killed by Mojo's Warwolves. Seems to be the most intelligent of the group aside from Gatecrasher. Hard-Boiled Henry was created by Gatecrasher as a weapon. He resembles Tweety Bird, but has a timer on his forehead. When it counts down, Henry self-destructs with the force of a bomb. He destroyed himself on his first mission, but he reappeared with the Technet in Fantastic Four. Joyboy resembles a grotesquely large-headed and fat humanoid baby, floating around in a levitating, cybernetic egg-cradle. Joyboy can telepathically detect a person's greatest desire and use psionic powers to fulfill a distorted version of the wish, such as when Shadowcat was unable to phase back to being solid, and Joyboy helped her, but she also became obese. If Joyboy loses consciousness, his transformations of others are immediately undone. Numbers is a large, bug-eyed, reptilian biped; an accountant and negotiator for the team. Though physically formidable and imposing, Numbers displayed no combat skills as a member of the Technet and is generally averse to fighting. As a member of the Special Executive, however, he did help combat the Fury, firing an energy beam at it from either side of his head. Pandora, a large fungus that can quickly cover and consume all organic material in the vicinity. Pandora stays contained within a small sphere and is used only as a last resort. She doesn't seem to have any intelligence and is a biological weapon. Ringtoss can emit rings composed of an unknown form of energy from her head to entrap an opponent. The rings cease to exist when Ringtoss loses consciousness. Ringtoss and Waxworks seemed to have a relationship with each other as they were often seen in each other's company and often seen embracing one another. Scatterbrain, also known as Fascination, is a yellow-skinned, green-haired female humanoid alien who is apparently incapable of speech and who feeds on the excess emotional energy of sentient beings. Scatterbrain can render a victim temporarily helpless by firing all of the victim's neural synapses at once. Scatterbrain can fly and can also apparently teleport herself. Thug is a short, squat and green biped with unusual strength for his size and two opposing thumbs on each hand. He can draw future and past versions of himself to the present to help him in battle, but his limited intelligence also means he often quarrels with his other selves. Brother of Legion of the Special Executive (who was killed by the Fury). Waxworks a blobbish, jellyfish like, non-humanoid alien from the same species as deceased member Elmo, but has the power to "soften" its opponents—to the point where their bodies stretch and distort out of control—with a touch. Yap (whom Gatecrasher often disparagingly calls "Bonebag"), Gatecrasher's constant companion. He is a small, sentient being who can teleport himself and his companions across vast distances. Yap can detect the psychic auras of individuals and the electron patterns created by such things as Captain Britain's battlesuit. By these means Yap can track down specific individuals. Yap has telepathic powers whose limits are undefined. Yap has an intense emotional dependency on Gatecrasher and refers to her as "mother," usually to Gatecrasher's annoyance. History In the Technet's first recorded exploit, they were hired by Opul Lun Sat-Yr-9, the other dimensional counterpart of Opal Luna Saturnyne on an alternate Earth (Earth-794), to hunt down and bring back Byron Bra-Dhok, alias Kaptain Briton, the evil, other dimensional counterpart to Earth-616's Captain Britain. Kaptain Briton fled to Captain Britain's Earth, fought Captain Britain and switched costumes with him, thereby deceiving the pursuing Technet, who then mistakenly took Captain Britain prisoner. The Technet brought Captain Britain to Sat-Yr-9's Earth. There Captain Britain convinced the Technet that he was not the man they had been hired to capture, and the Technet joined Captain Britain in battling the angry Sat-Yr-9's troops. Captain Britain returned to his own Earth, where his sister, Psylocke had killed Kaptain Briton when he attempted to assault her. Later, the Technet traveled on business to the Wereworlds, whose natives become werewolves under a full moon, having been exiled from their home by Sat-Yr-9. Here Elmo, a member of the Technet, was fatally wounded by werewolves. Subsequently, Gatecrasher either seriously injured or killed a member of the 'Berserker Pirates' who attempted to interest her in becoming his lover. The pirate's family forced the Technet to turn over all their accumulated wealth as reparations. Angered by this reversal in their fortunes, all of the members of the Technet except for Yap and Fascination left the team. Gatecrasher then went to a celebration held by the despot of Kandahar. A person she believed to be the despot himself hired her to procure a perfect mathematical model of the universe that was made of rock crystal and that was held and revered by the Incas of 14th century Peru on Earth-616. Gatecrasher, Yap, and Fascination journeyed through time to obtain the model, but Gatecrasher and Yap were tricked by the person they believed to be a native high priest into consuming fruit filled with the eggs of deadly parasites. Gatecrasher and Yap were thus forced to remain under a cooling waterfall to prevent the eggs inside them from hatching and consuming their bodies from within. In actuality, an alien had impersonated both the despot of Kandahar and the high priest, and hoped to force Fascination into his employ through this convoluted plot. This alien had already succeeded in hiring the members of the Technet who had just left the group. His team was the Special Executive, a future version of the Technet. The team's precognitive told him that Fascination wouldn't join the Special Executive for another 300 years. Fascination brought Captain Britain and his companion Meggan to 14th century Peru to rescue Gatecrasher. Captain Britain gathered together the plants necessary to create the antidote that would kill the parasite eggs. Gatecrasher and Yap consumed the antidote, and then they, Fascination, Captain Britain, and Meggan returned to their own time period. Gatecrasher recruited new members Numbers and Waxworks into the Technet, and all of the former members excepting the slain Elmo rejoined. At some point during this period, Fascination changed her name to Scatterbrain. Opal Luna Saturnyne hired the Technet to capture Rachel Summers, alias Phoenix, whom Saturnyne claimed was a threat to the universe. At this time, Rachel was on the run from Mojo, who had enslaved her to star in his movies. Mojo sent his servants, the Warwolves, after Rachel. The Warwolves and the Technet fought over Rachel and during the fight, Ferro was killed. Rachel was saved by Captain Britain, Meggan, and her fellow X-Men Nightcrawler and Shadowcat. Together they fought off the Technet, with Gatecrasher fleeing for her life, who then retreated. This battle against the Technet led directly to the formation of the team Excalibur by Summers and her allies. It was later revealed that Saturnyne had hired the Technet under orders of Roma, who needed to form the superhero team to save the multiverse. The Technet were allowed to stay in Brighton, England, where they would use their alien technology to provide the city with sunny weather. Meanwhile, they would plot to capture Rachel Summers and regain their honor. During this time, they were hired by Sat-Yr-9, who had taken the identity of Courtney Ross. The Technet were hired to free Jamie Braddock. They succeeded in their task, but Jamie was taken by Ross and the Technet's memories of their mission were wiped. Gatecrasher then constructed Hardboiled Henry, a living bomb, to ambush Excalibur. The plan succeeded and the Technet nearly defeated Excalibur, but agents of Saturnyne interfered. The Technet received a holographic message from Saturnyne, telling them that they were permanently exiled to Earth-616 and that the bounty on Phoenix was cancelled. Furious, the Technet turned on Gatecrasher, but Gatecrasher and Yap teleported away. The Technet begged Excalibur for asylum and Nightcrawler told his teammates to accept. The former Technet repaired the damage done by Hardboiled Henry to Excalibur's home. During these repairs, Numbers met the dragon living in Excalibur's basement and fell in love with her. The British government came to Excalibur's home for help against an invisible, murderous creature, but only Nightcrawler was home, nursing a broken leg. Nightcrawler trained the aliens to become the N-Men and they managed to destroy the creature, but Joyboy disappeared during this mission. Shortly afterwards the Special Executive appeared on Earth and told the N-Men that they had predicted Earth's destruction to happen within the next few hours. They offered the N-Men a job. The N-Men agreed and teleported away, together with Numbers, the dragon and their newly born children. Excalibur managed to prevent Earth's destruction and found Joyboy with the Crazy Gang. Here Joyboy had formed a psychic bond with the Crazy Gang's Red Queen, using his powers to distort her nightmares and form a beautiful land. During this time, Gatecrasher began to go insane, seeing images of Hardboiled Henry, who accused her of making his death meaningless. Later, Technet, the Crazy Gang and Feron, a misguided ally of Excalibur, all meet in chaos during the pre-wedding preparations for Brian and Meggan's wedding. It is resolved peacefully and everyone is allowed to attend the wedding itself. The Technet later reappeared in the pages of Fantastic Four #6. In this appearance, Gatecrasher was the leader once more and Joyboy and Hardboiled Henry had returned as well. Roma had hired the Technet to capture Franklin Richards to investigate his incredible powers. The Fantastic Four and Roma came to an understanding and the Technet disappeared. The Technet helped Rocket Raccoon with a heist during a period when he was separated from the Guardians of the Galaxy. Special Executive At some point in the future, the amalgamated group would come to be known as the Special Executive and travel back to the past where they would again encounter and oppose Captain Britain and Meggan earlier in the continuity. Though the Special Executive is a future version of the Technet, it appeared first in comics. Due to time-travel, the Special Executive has interacted with its previous incarnation at several points. In other media The Technet appears briefly in a cameo in the X-Men animated series of the 1990s. They appear in episode #49 "Proteus: Part 1", as background characters in a bar in Scotland, visited by Moira McTaggert's son, Kevin. Notes References Technet at the International Heroes Catalogue Comics characters introduced in 1985 Marvel UK teams Characters created by Alan Davis	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technet%20%28comics%29
Argue with a Tree... is a double live album/concert film by Blue October. It is their first live album and their fourth CD overall. The title of the album is a lyric in the song "Weight of the World". The album was recorded live on June 4, 2004 at Lakewood Theater in Dallas, Texas. It was released as a double CD and DVD in the United States in September 2004, by Brando/Universal Records. The set includes live versions of songs from all of Blue October's studio albums at the time, as well as the then unreleased tracks "PRN" and "18th Floor Balcony", and early versions of "Weight of the World" and "Sound of Pulling Heaven Down". A studio version of "PRN" was eventually released in 2015 on Ryan Delahoussaye's solo debut Tufstrings. "18th Floor Balcony" and "Sound of Pulling Heaven Down" were released on Foiled in 2006, and "Weight of the World" was the opening track on 2009's Approaching Normal. Argue With a Tree... is the only Blue October release to feature bass guitarist Piper Skih. Track listing CD 1 "Retarded Disfigured Clown (Intro)" / "Amnesia" – 4:59 "Independently Happy" – 5:25 "H.R.S.A." – 4:33 "Drop" – 4:24 "Sexual Powertrip" – 3:41 "Clumsy Card House" – 4:07 "Blue Sunshine" – 6:13 "Balance Beam" – 4:01 "Quiet Mind" – 4:23 "Inner Glow" – 4:17 "Ugly Side" – 5:11 "Black Orchid" – 6:32 CD 2 "For My Brother" – 6:22 "Breakfast After 10" – 5:17 "Calling You" – 4:15 "Italian Radio" – 4:22 "Somebody" – 4:25 "Razorblade" – 4:37 "Chameleon Boy" – 6:52 "James" – 6:13 "Amazing" – 6:30 "Weight of the World" – 4:03 "PRN" – 5:20 "Come in Closer" – 5:12 (featuring guest vocalist Zayra Alvarez) "The Sound of Pulling Heaven Down" – 1:45 DVD In addition to the live concert, the DVD bonus features included the following sections: Confessionals, in which fans share stories about how Blue October's music has touched their lives. Sidewalk Chalk, in which singer/songwriter Justin Furstenfeld tells the stories behind the songs of History for Sale. Soundcheck, featuring an early version of the Foiled track "She's My Ride Home". Radio, which features videos of Blue October's various live-on-radio performances. Video, which includes music videos of "Calling You" and "Razorblade". "18th Floor Balcony", the last song of the concert was included on the DVD but not the CD. Personnel Justin Furstenfeld - lead vocals, rhythm guitar Jeremy Furstenfeld - drums, backing vocals C.B. Hudson - lead guitar, backing vocals Ryan Delahoussaye - violin, mandolin, keyboard, backing vocals Piper Skih - bass guitar, midi pedals, backing vocals Zayra Alvarez - vocals Paul J. Armstrong - camera operator Michael Cain - executive producer David Castell - production, mixing, audio engineering, sound design David Jack Daniels - mixing Edwin A. Harris - editing Chuck Hatcher - photography Chad Wandel - Cover Photo Elijah Wandel - Cover Model Rick Kirkham - camera operator Mike Swinford - executive producer King Hollis - director References Blue October albums 2004 live albums Universal Records live albums Live video albums 2004 video albums Universal Records video albums Albums produced by David Castell	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argue%20with%20a%20Tree...
Manisha Tank is a British television news presenter, presenting CNN Newsroom (CNNI) on CNN International. Education Tank was educated at Regents Park Community College, in Southampton, Hampshire, followed by Taunton's College (also in Southampton), and the University of Oxford, where she studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Life and career Tank was first posted to New York in 1999 and reported from the Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange while working for Reuters Television. She returned to London to report on the EU markets and continued on presenting business news bulletins between London and New York. From 2002 to 2003, she presented the Six Forum, the interactive forum of the BBC Six O'Clock News. In 2004, Tank returned to New York but returned to London a few months later. She currently presents business news for CNN in Hong Kong. In 2007 Tank was awarded the Summerson Goodacre & Daily Telegraph Wealth Management Award for Best Industry Commentator. Manisha Tank has ceased to work for CNN and now works for Money FM, a branch of SPH radio. She began to work in MONEYFM on 12 September 2019 She is a committee member of Asians In Media current affairs magazine. References External links Living people BBC World News BBC newsreaders and journalists British television newsreaders and news presenters Alumni of the University of Oxford 1976 births	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manisha%20Tank
Joe Shmoe (also spelled Joe Schmoe and Joe Schmo), meaning "Joe Anybody", or no one in particular, is a commonly used fictional name in American English. Adding a "Shm" to the beginning of a word is meant to diminish, negate, or dismiss an argument (for instance, "Rain, shmain, we've got a game to play"). It can also indicate that the speaker is being ironic or sarcastic. This process was adapted in English from the use of the "schm" prefix in Yiddish to dismiss something; as in, "Fancy, schmancy" (thus denying the claim that something is fancy). While "schmo" ("schmoo", "schmoe") is thought by some linguists to be a clipping of Yiddish שמוק "schmuck", that derivation is disputed. See also Average Joe Joe Bloggs John Doe John Q. Public Man on the street Placeholder name Tom, Dick and Harry Zé Povinho References Anonymity pseudonyms Placeholder names	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Shmoe
The Phoenix Union High School District is a high school-only school district in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. It is one of five high school-only districts in the Phoenix area. Overview The school district serves students within a area of Phoenix, and 27,761 students are enrolled within its 20 schools. Its boundaries are largely coextensive with what was the city of Phoenix prior to the 1960s. The school is a minority-majority district, with 81.7% of its students being identified as "Hispanics", and 52.4% of its students speaking Spanish at home. In all, 71 languages have been identified as primary home languages. The district employs 2,777 people, with 1,617 of them being teachers. The school district has no elementary or middle schools, and as such, it has identified 13 elementary school districts as its Partner Elementary Districts, with students who enroll with those districts being fed into PUHSD's high schools. History The school district's roots lie with the opening of Phoenix Union High School in 1895. In that same year, Arizona's Territorial Legislature passed a law that allowed districts with at least 2,000 residents to form a high school. Phoenix Union High School first opened with four classrooms and 90 students, on the second floor of an elementary school building, but eventually moved into its final location, near 7th Street and Van Buren. The school campus was a former mansion, and was chosen at the time because it was located in a residential area, bordered in part by two arterial streets. PUHS also affected later developmental patterns in the area. Phoenix College In 1920, Phoenix Union High School District opened Phoenix College as Phoenix Junior College, after consultation with University of Arizona and the designing of a two-year curriculum. The school, however, was considered to be extra-legal, as no laws authorized its existence. That changed in 1927, after the Arizona State Legislature authorized and legalized the creation and maintenance of Junior Colleges in Arizona. Phoenix Union High School District would vote to transfer Phoenix College to the Maricopa County Community College District in 1963. Segregation of African American students Beginning in the late 1910s, Phoenix Union High School District began segregating its White and African American students. While segregation of elementary schools in Arizona was mandated, segregation of high schools was never required under Arizona law. In 1918, a "Department for Colored Students" that was established at a rear room of Phoenix Union High School's Commercial Building, with one teacher. The school's African American students were then housed in two small cottages that was separated from the PUHS campus by an irrigation ditch., and later placed at a rented house on 9th Street and Jefferson. A plot of land that would later become the Phoenix Union Colored High School (later George Washington Carver High School) was purchased in 1925. The site, a former four-acre landfill that was surrounded by warehouses, drew protests over safety and sanitary concerns. The school, however, was opened in 1926, and was the only one ever built exclusively to serve African American high school students in Arizona. The school was closed 1954, a year after a judge at the Maricopa County Superior Court ruled school segregation in Phoenix high schools was unconstitutional, in the case Phillips vs. Phoenix Union High Schools and Junior College District. PUHS, along with Carl Hayden High School and South Mountain High School, took on the bulk of the school district's African American students after desegregation. To this day, Phoenix Union High School District's website makes few references to the school's segregated past, merely stating that Carver High was built to accommodate the district's African American population, and stating that the school closed, following integration. Expansions Until 1926, Phoenix Union High School was the school district's only school. By 1939, PUHS' student population reached 5,219, and North High School, the first school not built for the purpose of segregation, opened its doors. Between 1949 and 1957, five additional high schools were built: Camelback, Carl Hayden, Central, West, and South Mountain. Those were followed by Alhambra, East, and Maryvale in the 1960s. Trevor G. Browne opened its doors in 1970s, along with alternative schools Bostrom High and Desiderata Program Changes The racial makeup of Phoenix Union High School District schools began to change during the 1950s and 1960s. PUHS' African American and Hispanic population increased during those two decades, and by 1970, the school's White population fell to 19.3% of the student body. Despite that rise, PUHS' ethnic minorities had little say in determining and conducting education at the school. Meanwhile, violence between the school's Hispanic and African American population eventually played a large role in everyday school life, with each side blaming the other side. A riot brought on by racial tensions also happened during the 1970s at South Mountain High School. Closures and lawsuits In the 1980s, Phoenix Union High School District's board voted to close North High, PUHS, and East High, and West High, due to declining enrollment. As a result of the closures, two lawsuits were filed, accusing the Phoenix Union High School District of discriminating against ethnic minorities and low-income students by closing schools in their neighborhoods, in addition to unfair resource allocations. An Office for Civil Rights investigation also found that the school district had an open enrollment policy that, while designed to alleviate school overcrowding, resulted in racial imbalance. The school district, according to the investigation, was fully aware of the policy's impact, and, despite numerous recommendations, chose not to take action of the matter. The lawsuits were later consolidated into the Castro v. Phoenix Union High School District lawsuit. Eventually, a federal judge ruled against the school district. A consent decree followed the ruling, which resulted in the reopening of North High, as well as, among other things, the establishment of magnet programs across the district, continued summer school programs, increased transportation options for students, and the building of two more high schools. 1990s and 2000s In 1999, Cesar Chavez High School opened its doors, becoming the first Phoenix Union High School to be built in 27 years. Another comprehensive high school, Betty H. Fairfax High School, opened in 2007. The 2000s also saw the building of a number of specialty schools. Suns-Diamondbacks Education Academy (since renamed Linda Abril Educational Academy), a school for at-risk students, was established in 2001. Franklin Police and Fire High School, a first-of-its-kind public safety-oriented school, opened in 2007. Bioscience High opened in 2006. 2010s The district was considering whether to open another high school as other high schools were above capacity. 2020s The district chose to enact a mask mandate in 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona even though Governor of Arizona Doug Ducey signed a ban against mask mandates on June 30. Schools Comprehensive schools Alhambra (Phoenix) – opened 1961 Bioscience (Phoenix) – opened 2006 Trevor Browne (Phoenix) – opened 1972 Camelback (Phoenix) – opened 1954 Central (Phoenix) – opened 1957 César Chávez (Laveen) – opened 1999 Betty Fairfax (Laveen) – opened 2007 Carl Hayden (Phoenix) – opened 1957 Maryvale (Phoenix) – opened 1963 North (Phoenix) – opened 1939 South Mountain (Phoenix) – opened 1954 Metro Tech (Phoenix) – opened 1985 Small and alternative schools Linda Abril Educational Academy (Phoenix) – opened 2001 Bostrom High School (Phoenix) – opened 1976 Desiderata Program (Phoenix) – opened 1977 Franklin Police and Fire High School (Phoenix) – opened 2007 Former George Washington Carver High School (1926–1954) East High School (1964–1982) Phoenix Union High School (1912–1982) West High School (1949–1983) Feeder elementary school districts Alhambra Elementary School District Balsz Elementary School District Cartwright Elementary School District Creighton Elementary School District Isaac Elementary School District Laveen Elementary School District Madison Elementary School District Murphy Elementary School District Osborn Elementary School District Phoenix Elementary School District Riverside Elementary School District Roosevelt Elementary School District Wilson Elementary School District References External links School districts in Phoenix, Arizona School districts in Maricopa County, Arizona School districts established in 1895 1895 establishments in Arizona Territory	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix%20Union%20High%20School%20District
Ali Podrimja (28 August 1942 – 21 July 2012) was an Albanian poet. He was born in Gjakova, at the time part of Italian-controlled Albania under Italy (present day Kosovo). After a difficult childhood due to the death of his parents, he studied Albanian language and literature in Pristina until 1966. Author of over a dozen volumes of cogent and assertive verse since 1961, he was recognized both in Kosovo and in Albania itself as a leading and innovative poet. Indeed, he was considered by many to be the most typical representative of modern Albanian verse in Kosovo and was certainly the Kosovo poet with the widest international reputation. Podrimja's first collection of elegiac verse, Thirrje ("The calls", Pristina, 1961), was published while he was still at secondary school in Gjakova. Subsequent volumes introduced new elements of the poet's repertoire, a proclivity for symbols and allegory, revealing him as a mature symbolist at ease in a wide variety of rhymes and meters. In the early eighties, he published the masterful collection Lum Lumi ("Lum Lumi", Pristina, 1982), which marked a turning point not only in his own work but also in contemporary Kosovo verse as a whole. This immortal tribute to the poet's young son Lumi, who died of cancer, introduced an existentialist preoccupation with the dilemma of being, with elements of solitude, fear, death and fate. Ali Podrimja is nonetheless a laconic poet. His verse is compact in structure, and his imagery is direct, terse and devoid of any artificial verbosity. Every word counts. What fascinates the readers is his compelling ability to adorn this elliptical rocky landscape, reminiscent of Albanian folk verse, with unusual metaphors, unexpected syntactic structures and subtle rhymes. Ali Podrimja was member of European Art Center (EUARCE) of Greece. https://anatakti.wordpress.com/2011/03/24/paiania-poems/ On 21 July 2012, the French police informed the authorities of the Republic of Kosovо that Podrimja was found dead. Podrimja had lost contact with family members since many days. His premature loss is considered a loss for the Albanian art and literature. References Sources Albanian literature from Robert Elsie Albanian-language poets Kosovan poets 1942 births 2012 deaths Writers from Gjakova Kosovo Albanians 20th-century poets Members of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Podrimja
Din Mehmeti (1932 – 12 November 2010) was an Albanian poet from Kosovo. He was among the best-known classical representatives of contemporary verse in Kosovo. Career He was born in 1932 in the village of Gjocaj, Junik, near Gjakova, Kosovo. He studied Albanian language and literature at the University of Belgrade. He later lectured at the teacher training college in Gjakova. Although he has published some prose, literary criticism and a play, he is known primarily for his figurative poetry which has appeared in fifteen volumes between 1961 and 1999. Mehmeti's verse is one of indigenous sensitivity. He relies on many of the figures, metaphors and symbols of northern Albanian popular verse to imbue and stabilize his restless lyrics with the stoic vision of the mountain tribes. Despite the light breeze of romanticism which wafts through his verse, as critic Rexhep Qosja once put it, this creative assimilation of folklore remains strongly fused with a realist current, at times ironic, which takes its roots in part from the ethics of revolt in the tradition of Migjeni and Esad Mekuli. Mehmeti's poetic restlessness is, nonetheless, not focused on messianic protest or social criticism but on artistic creativity and individual perfection. Bibliography Në krahët e shkrepave (1961) Rini diellore (1966) Dridhjet e dritës (1969) Heshtja e kallur (1972) Fanar në furtuna (1981) Agu, dramë (1982) Prapë fillimi (1996) Klithmë është emri im (Tirana, 2002) Mos vdis kur vdiset (2001) References Kosovan poets 1932 births University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy alumni 2010 deaths Writers from Gjakova Kosovo Albanians Albanian-language poets 20th-century poets	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%20Mehmeti
Minneapolis Business College (MBC) was a for-profit career college in Roseville, Minnesota. It was founded in 1874 and moved to its current suburban location in 1983. It had nearby housing for students but over half of students came from the immediate Twin Cities area. MBC awarded diplomas and associate degrees. It closed in December 2019. Student body, admissions, and outcomes According to Peterson's and recent institutional publications, Minneapolis Business College had an undergraduate population of 267. Of 509 applicants, 439 (or 86%) were admitted. According to College Navigator, the most recent graduation rate was 83%. Academics Minneapolis Business College provides career-focused courses to high school graduates. MBC grouped its ten major areas of study into three main categories: Business, Technology, and Health Care. Accreditation Minneapolis Business College was accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools to award diplomas and associate degrees. The Medical Assisting Program was accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. Closure On June 26, 2019, Bradford Schools, the parent company of Minneapolis Business College, announced that they would be closing the school in December of the same year. The 90 current students were allowed to complete their programs and limited staff stayed on through June 2020 to assist graduates with job placement. References External links Official website 1874 establishments in Minnesota Buildings and structures in Roseville, Minnesota Educational institutions established in 1874 For-profit universities and colleges in the United States Graphic design schools in the United States Universities and colleges in Ramsey County, Minnesota	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis%20Business%20College
Nuneaton RFC is an English rugby union club. They were founded in 1879 and play at Liberty Way in Nuneaton. They currently play in the Regional 1 Midlands , a fifth tier league in the English rugby union system. History Nuneaton R.F.C. was founded on 5 November 1879 in the town's Newdegate Arms Hotel, with the first recorded game versus Tamworth on 7 February 1880. A 2nd XV was formed in 1893 following amalgamation with the local side St. Mary's. The shirts were originally black with a red sash, which subsequently changed to the traditional red, white and black hooped shirts in 1911. By the outbreak of World War I, the Nuns had established a creditable reputation within rugby circles as a result of their performances. Fixtures included the likes of Leicester, Rugby, Northampton, Bedworth and Allesley. However, the war left them without a ground. The Nuns embarked on a ground sharing scheme with the town's cricket club in 1919 which only lasted a year. Many improvements were made to the ground making it one of the best in the area and in 1930 the club purchased the freehold from the brewery owners. The ground was known as the Harry Cleaver Ground, in recognition of one of the Club's stalwarts and remained its home until the last game which was played on 30 November 1995. The current Liberty Way site, which comprises compared to the previous five acres, was acquired and the first match was played on 9 December 1995. The Club's most successful period was from 1947 to 1954 especially the 1949–50 season, which saw ground attendance records shattered when the scalps of Coventry, London Irish and Saracens were taken, followed by an historic eight-day period when Leicester, Northampton and Coventry were all beaten. The Club was one of the first to recognise the demise of schools rugby and in the early 1970s embarked on a program to introduce Mini and Junior rugby. This early initiative has been well rewarded with the Mini & Junior's growing from strength to strength with numerous players going on to represent the 1st XV, Premiership and International sides. The professional era of the 1980s saw many changes within the structure of rugby football in general, with payment for players its most dominant feature, but this provided little advantage to Nuneaton. The current league system was established in 1987 with the Nuns being placed in Division Three North, where its fortunes waxed and waned until April 2003, when promotion to National League Two was achieved. Life in National Division Two lasted only two seasons. The 2003–04 season saw the Nuns lose five of their first eight league games. However, they suffered only three more reversals in their remaining matches and ultimately finished third, narrowly missing out on promotion. Nuns then came back down to earth when they were relegated back into National Division Three North at the end of the 2004–05 season. Early season form was very much to blame picking up only one win and a draw from 13 fixtures, leaving them firmly rooted at the bottom of the league at the turn of the year. Things did start going Nuns way in the second half of the season finishing third bottom, but still one point from safety. The Club retained many of its players for the 2005–06 season and recruited well, which was reflected in the season's results, when the team remained unbeaten in the league until mid February. Four losses in the remaining part of the season, two to the eventual league winners Bradford & Bingley, saw the Nuns finish as runners up. Promotion back to National Division Two was achieved following a 15–6 play off victory over North Walsham in mid May. However The Nuns only lasted two seasons in National Two again. The 2006–07 season saw the Nuns appoint Paul Westgate as Director of Rugby and they managed to stay in the league after finishing in 11th place. At the end of the season Paul Westgate resigned and was replaced by former Samoa international and Rotherham coach Mike Umaga, Umaga struggled to keep a side he had inherited up and Nuneaton were relegated to National Three North. The 2008–09 season saw Nuneaton run away with the National Three North title and promotion to the newly formed National One. The season was very successful with a young squad, who all had drive, ambition and a great team spirit. Mike Umaga was also named Midlands Coach of the Year. However, the Nun's stay at the third tier was again short-lived, seeing them relegated back to National League Two North. Unfortunately, two seasons later saw Nuneaton suffer relegation again, from the National Leagues into the Rugby Football Union Midland Division, where (in 2015), the club remain in National League 3 Midlands. Summary of league positions After the use of Merit tables for the prior 3 seasons, in 1987 the RFU implemented a National League system. Nuneaton were initially placed in Courage National League Division 3 (now known as SSE National League 1). Below is an incomplete list summarizing Nuneaton's final league positions: 2000–01: National League 3 (North) (level 4) - 5th 2001–02: National League 3 (North) - 8th 2002–03: National League 3 (North) - 1st (champions) 2003–04: National League 2 (level 3) - 3rd 2004–05: National League 2 - 12th (relegated) 2005–06: National League 3 (North) - 2nd (promoted) 2006–07: National League 2 - 10th 2007–08: National League 2 - 12th (relegated) 2008–09: National League 3 (North) - 1st (champions) 2009–10: National League 1 (level 3)- 15th (relegated) 2010–11: National League 2 (North) (level 4) - 11th 2011–12: National League 2 (North) - 15th (relegated) 2012–13: National League 3 (Midlands) (level 5) - 4th 2013–14: National League 3 (Midlands) - 3rd 2014–15: National League 3 (Midlands) - 4th 2015–16: National League 3 (Midlands) - 5th 2016–17: National League 3 (Midlands) - 3rd 2017–18: Midlands Premier (Level 5) - in progress Honours National Division 3 North champions (2 times): 2002-03, 2008–09 National Division 3 North (north v south) promotion play-off winners: 2005-06 Midland Counties Cup Winner (2): 1921-22, 1923–24 Liberty Way Ground The Nuns moved to Liberty Way in 1995, after purchasing from Warwickshire County Council. It contains several full-size pitches. There are four large changing rooms, with showers, a referee's room and a physiotherapist room. There is also a large function room with a large bar. In 2006 Nuneaton RFC sold around of land effectively to Nuneaton Borough AFC, but technically to a new holding company, Stadiasafe (owned by Ted Stocker, who was involved with both clubs). The football club and rugby club originally had a ground share agreement for the sharing of the new football stadium, and the 2007–08 saw the two clubs share without any major problems. However, in the summer of 2008, the liquidation of Nuneaton Borough AFC caused serious problems. The newly formed Nuneaton Town FC, having gained ownership of the ground, did not honour the groundshare agreement (which it believed passed with the previous company). Under the old agreement, the rugby club paid £35 to hire the pitch, a fee that also covered the use of the flood lights and markings. Since this was previously paid to a sister company (the aforementioned Stadiasafe; owned by the owner of both clubs), the amount paid was immaterial. However, when the football club gained sole ownership, this sparked disagreements over the amount to be paid to the football club by the rugby club to play its games in the stadium. As no agreement could be reached between the two clubs, this led to Nuneaton RFC using one of their other pitches at the Liberty Way site. The summer of 2015 saw an agreement being reached between the new owners of the football club and the Nun's (regarding land use for the football club's proposed academy). The rugby club stated "...Nuneaton RFC is delighted with this agreement and will be working closely with Nuneaton Town FC in an attempt to take the two clubs forward for the benefit of all involved with both clubs and the wider Nuneaton community in general". References External links Rugby union teams in England Rugby clubs established in 1879 Rugby union in Warwickshire Sport in Nuneaton	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuneaton%20R.F.C.
Redmond Christopher Fernandez Domingo (born August 15, 1985), known professionally as Cogie Domingo, is a Filipino actor and model. Career At age 13, he joined the cast of ABS-CBN's Cyberkada. This was followed by Regal Films' horror flick, Sa Piling ng mga Aswang (1999), in which he starred opposite Maricel Soriano. His next project was Jose Javier Reyes' Yakapin Mo ang Umaga (2000), where he played son to Christopher de Leon and Lorna Tolentino. But what was his most memorable is his lead portrayal of the juvenile prisoner in the award-winning filmfest entry, Deathrow in 2000, in which he co-starred with Eddie Garcia and was coached by director Joel Lamangan. He also starred in different television shows such as Ikaw Lang ang Mamahalin with Angelika dela Cruz, Kung Mawawala Ka with Sunshine Dizon and Bakekang with Lovi Poe. His career began in ABS-CBN at 1993 at the age of 8, as first seen in Star Drama Presents. In 1999, he moved to GMA Network until 2006. He went back to showbiz, returned to ABS-CBN, appearing in Maalaala Mo Kaya after being out for almost four years since 2010. Domingo moved to TV5, appears in Inday Wanda, P. S. I Love You and Valiente. After 3 years, Domingo left TV5. In 2015, he appeared in GMA Network again as joining the cast of Buena Familia starring Angelu de Leon, Bobby Andrews, Kylie Padilla, Julie Anne San Jose, Julian Trono and Mona Louise Rey. His appearance on ABS-CBN in 2016, is Ipaglaban Mo!. Domingo's final drama appearance at GMA Network is Someone to Watch Over Me. Domingo made his return after two-year hiatus, but his appearance on ABS-CBN in 2019 is FPJ's Ang Probinsyano who portrayed as Captain Eric Opeña. Personal life Domingo is the son of a lawyer. The actor was linked to different actresses like Anne Curtis, Angel Locsin, Sunshine Dizon, and Lovi Poe. In September 2009, it was reported in the news that he had an affair with Rachel Tiongson while she was still cohabiting with politician and businessman Chavit Singson. On March 11, 2016, Domingo married his long-time girlfriend, Ria Sacasas, in an intimate ceremony. Domingo has one daughter with a former girlfriend. On October 27, 2017, Domingo and two other persons were arrested by PDEA for possession of illegal drugs. Three days later, Domingo was allowed by PDEA to post bail; he remain imprisoned until November 2017. Filmography Film Television References External links Cogie Domingo at iGMA.tv 1985 births Living people Filipino male child actors Filipino male models Male actors from Manila Filipino people of Spanish descent Star Magic GMA Network personalities	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogie%20Domingo
E331 may refer to: European route E331, which is a part of Bundesautobahn 44 E331 series, a former electric multiple unit (EMU) used for commuter services E331, the E number of the salt forms of sodium citrate	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E331
Reborn!, known in Japan as and also as Hitman Reborn! for disambiguation purposes, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akira Amano. It was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump from May 2004 to November 2012, with its chapters collected into 42 tankōbon volumes. The series follows Tsunayoshi Sawada, a young boy who discovers that he is next in line to become boss of the Vongola family, a powerful Mafia organization. The Vongolas' most powerful hitman, a gun-toting infant named Reborn, is sent to teach Tsuna how to be a boss. An anime television series adaptation by Artland was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 2006 to September 2010, and ran for 203 episodes. A number of video games, light novels, and other products were also created based on the series. In North America, Viz Media licensed the manga and the streaming rights for the television series for English release. Viz Media only published the first sixteen volumes, with the last one being released in July 2010. Discotek Media later licensed the home video rights for the television series for subbed-only release. Reborn! is one of the best-selling manga series of Weekly Shōnen Jump, with over 30 million tankōbon copies in circulation. Reviewers praised its humor, storylines, fights and character designs, noting that the series grew more violent after volume eight, becoming a more typical shōnen series. Plot A boy, Tsunayoshi "Tsuna" Sawada, is chosen to become the tenth boss of the Vongola Family, as he is the great-great-great grandson of the first Vongola boss—who moved to Japan from Italy. Timoteo, the Vongola IX—the current head of the family—, sends Reborn, an infant hitman from Italy, to train the reluctant Tsuna. Reborn's chief teaching method is the , which causes a person to be "reborn" with a stronger self to execute his dying wish. The clumsy, underachieving Tsuna becomes stronger, more confident and willing, making him a suitable Vongola family boss despite his continued reluctance. He makes several friends, including his love interest Kyoko Sasagawa. Tsuna gets out of many scrapes on his way to becoming the Vongola boss, fighting escaped Mafia convicts posing as Kokuyo Junior High School students. The Varia, the Vongola assassin squad, want their boss, Xanxus, to be the Vongola boss and initiate a competition with Tsuna. To defeat the Varia, Reborn recruits Tsuna's schoolmates as Vongola guardians: Hayato Gokudera, an explosives expert who wants to be Tsuna's right-hand man; Takeshi Yamamoto, an athlete who likes baseball and cluelessly thinks of the Mafia as a game; Ryohei Sasagawa, captain of the school boxing club and Kyoko's older brother, and head prefect Kyoya Hibari. Lambo, a weak infant hitman who wants to kill Reborn; and Chrome Dokuro, a girl with links to the criminal Mukuro Rokudo, also join them. After defeating the Varia, Tsuna and his friends are transported to the future to face the Millefiore family, who are killing the Vongolas. They discover that the Arcobaleno, the seven strongest infants, are dead except for Lal Mirch. When Tsuna and the Vongola guardians fight the Millefiore, they learn that Shoichi Irie, a comrade of Tsuna's future self, sent them to the future because the future Tsuna said they were the only ones able to defeat Millefiore leader Byakuran. Byakuran, who has obtained knowledge from parallel worlds, wants to obtain all the Mafia rings to become omniscient. Tsuna and his group defeat Byakuran and return to the present, where they learn that he is to be installed as Vongola X. The ceremony is disrupted by the Simon Family, who have sworn revenge on the Vongola founding father for allegedly betraying the first Simon boss. Tsuna confronts the Simon Family on a secluded island; the Vindice, a group of former Arcobaleno who protect the laws of the mafia, are involved in the fight and imprison the losers. After several battles it is learned that Demon Spade, the first generation Vongola Mist Guardian, was manipulating Simon, using the conflict to control Mukuro Rokudo and remake the Vongola in his image. The combined strength of Tsuna and Simon's leader, Enma Kozato, defeats him. After Tsuna reconciles with Simon, Reborn and the other Arcobaleno compete among themselves to remove their curse. Each Arcobaleno chooses a representative to fight for them and the winner will be able to undo the curse. The Vindice enter the competition, informing Reborn and Tsuna that the tournament is a front for the selection of a new Arcobaleno; the previous Arcobaleno die or become Vindice. Tsuna joins the remaining teams to defeat Bermuda, a former Arcobaleno, and the Vindice. On the final day of the Representative Battle of the Rainbow, Tsuna defeats Bermuda and his team. Checker Face, who inflicted the Arcobaleno Curse of the Rainbow, reveals his true identity as Kawahira, administrator of the humankind's ultimate power, Tri-ni-set. Finding another way to keep the Tri-ni-set safe, Kawahira agrees to entrust it to future generations and remove the curse. After the Arcobaleno battle, Tsuna refuses to become the tenth head of the Vongola Family and Reborn leaves. A week after his departure, Tsuna realizes that he is still his no-good self; nothing has changed. Reborn returns to train Tsuna as Neo-Vongola Primo, similar to Vongola Decimo; Tsuna remembers that he now has friends he can rely on and has been changed by his experiences, thanks to his tutor and partner Reborn. Publication Akira Amano published Reborn!s prototypes in seinen magazines until a one-shot was published on November 17, 2003, in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump. The manga was serialized in the same magazine from May 24, 2004, to November 12, 2012. Its chapters were collected and published in forty-two tankōbon volumes by Shueisha, released from October 4, 2004, to March 4, 2013. The series was licensed in North America and the United Kingdom by Viz Media, who published the manga under the Shonen Jump Advanced imprint. The first volume was published October 3, 2006, and Viz' last volume—the sixteenth—was published July 6, 2010. Reborn! is licensed in Brazil by Panini Comics, in France by Glénat, in Germany by Tokyopop, in Singapore by Chuang Yi, in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini and in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing. A spin-off manga, titled , created by Toshinori Takayama was serialized in Shueisha's Saikyō Jump from December 2010 to November 2012. Its chapters were collected in three volumes, released from June 4 to December 4, 2012. Related media Anime The series was adapted into a 203-episode anime television series, produced by Artland and directed by Kenichi Imaizumi, which aired from October 7, 2006, to September 25, 2010 on TV Tokyo. Because the anime series was not licensed for distribution outside Japan, Funimation exercised power of attorney on behalf of the Japanese production company to remove fansubbed episodes of the anime from the Internet. To prevent copyright infringement, cease and desist notices were sent to fansub groups who were subtitling the series. On March 21, 2009, Crunchyroll began streaming subtitled episodes of the series in North America, with new episodes available within an hour after they were aired in Japan. In 2011, Viz Media licensed an uncut, subtitled version for streaming on Hulu and VizAnime.com. In Japan the complete series was released into DVD volumes by Marvelous Entertainment between January 26, 2007, and April 29, 2011. Five DVD box sets were released between June 17, 2009,and March 21, 2012, by Marvelous Entertainment in Japan. On July 18, 2018, Discotek Media announced that they had licensed the anime series for home video release with two 2-disc SD on BD sets, the first 101 episodes on September 25, 2018, and then the other 102 episodes on October 30, 2018. An original video animation was produced under the same staff and cast and was released in October 2009 during the annual Jump Super Anime Tour. It was released by Pony Canyon on DVD on July 21, 2010, under the title . The DVD version included a short version showed on the tour and a complete edition with new scenes. Music Reborn!s music was composed by Toshihiko Sahashi, with each theme released as a single, album or character song. Four Reborn! soundtracks have been released by Pony Canyon in Japan; the first was released on December 20, 2006, and the second was released on April 18, 2007. The third and the fourth were released on August 20, 2008, and September 15, 2010, respectively. Most of the series' Japanese voice actors have recorded songs for the Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Character Soshutsuen Album Vongola Family Sotojo - Shinukidekatare! Soshiteutae!, and Pony Canyon released a three-volume Opening and Ending Theme Songs. Video games Twenty-one video games are based on the series, and its characters appear in Jump Super Stars, Jump Ultimate Stars, and J-Stars Victory VS. The first game release was Katekyo Hitman Reborn! DS: Shinuki Max! Vongola Carnival!! on March 29, 2007 for the Nintendo DS. On June 28 the Flame Rumble: Mukuro Kyōshū fighting game was released, with four other games in the Flame Rumble series released for the DS from September 20, 2007 to July 22, 2010. Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Dream Hyper Battle! was released for PlayStation 2 (PS2) on August 30, 2007 and for the Wii on January 10, 2008. Unlike the PlayStation 2 version, the Wii game added characters from the fight between the Vongola and the Varia. The adventure game Let's Ansatsu!? Nerawareta Ju-daime! was released for the PS2 on October 25, 2007 and a sugoroku-inspired game, Vongola Shiki Taisen Battle Sugoroku, was released on March 27, 2008 for the DS. Katekyo Hitman Reborn! DS: Fate of Heat, a role-playing fight game, was released for Nintendo DS on May 1, 2008, followed by two sequels: Fate of Heat II: Unmei no Futari on April 16, 2009 and Fate of Heat III: Yuki no Gādian Raishū! on April 29, 2010. An adventure game, Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Nerae!? Ring x Vongola Trainers, was released for the PS2 on August 28, 2008. Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Battle Arena and Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Battle Arena 2: Spirit Burst were released for the PlayStation Portable (PSP) on September 18, 2008 and September 17, 2009, respectively. Another PSP game, Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Kizuna no Tag Battle, was released on February 25, 2010. Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Kindan no Yami no Delta, an action-adventure game for the Wii and PS2, was released in Japan on November 20, 2008. Three other DS games were released: Katekyo Hitman Reborn! DS: Mafia Daishūgō Vongola Festival!! on December 4, 2008, Katekyo Hitman Reborn! DS: Ore ga Bosu! Saikyō Family Taisen on December 17, 2009 and Nari Chara: Katekyo Hitman Reborn! for DSiWare on January 27, 2010. Radio A radio show, , began on September 10, 2007, after the following week's episode was recorded. Its hosts are Hidekazu Ichinose (the voice of Hayato Gokudera), Suguru Inoue (the voice of Takeshi Yamamoto) and Rika Ishibashi (the assistant). Guests have appeared since the tenth episode, and it was produced before a live audience during the 2007 Christmas break and (late in the series) in Osaka, Nagoya, and Tokyo. Although the planned final episode of ~Bucchake Ring Tournament~ aired on June 30, 2008, it resumed three weeks later. Its current title is , hosted by Hidekazu Ichinose, Suguru Inoue and Toshinobu Iida (the voice of Mukuro Rokudo). Books A book, Katekyō Hitman Reborn! Official Character Book Vongola 77, was published on October 4, 2007, in Japan. Based on the manga, it covers 77 incidents since Reborn joined the Sawada household. The book profiles major characters, with brief side stories not appearing in the manga and color posters by Akira Amano. Katekyō Hitman Reborn! Sōshūhen: Vongola Family, a book focusing on Tsuna, Reborn and Tsuna's Guardians was released on October 30, 2009. On April 2, 2010 an artbook, Reborn Colore!, was published. Five Reborn! light novels by Hideaki Koyasu and illustrated by Akira Amano, originally serialized in Jump Square, were published by Shueisha. In the first, , published on March 12, 2007, Mukuro Rokudo takes over Kokuyo High. The second, , published on February 5, 2008, recaps the mystery of Xanxus. A third, , published on July 3, 2009, focuses on the Millefiore and Vongola families. The fourth and fifth novels were published on April 30, 2010 and May 2, 2011, respectively. Reception The Reborn! manga has been popular in Japan and, according to Mainichi Shimbun, has one of the greatest number of cosplayers in the country. In 2007 it was the tenth-bestselling series in Weekly Shōnen Jump, with a total of seven million copies sold; in 2008, its sales increased to 15 million copies. Reborn! was among Japan's top-selling series for several years. In 2008 the manga sold 3.3 million copies, the country's fourth-bestselling series. In 2009 it was the sixth-bestselling series in Japan, with sales of 3,694,323 copies. In 2010 Reborn! was the eighth-bestselling series, with sales of 3,479,219 copies. The manga was the 24th-bestselling series in 2012, with sales of 1,844,824 copies. As of 2016, the manga had over 30 million copies in circulation. Reborn!s second light novel was the third-bestseller in Japan in 2008, with sales of 106,229 copies. The anime's DVDs are also popular, sometimes making the Japanese Animation DVD Rankings. In November 2014, readers of Media Factory's Da Vinci magazine voted Reborn! 17th on a list of Weekly Shōnen Jumps greatest manga series of all time. On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150.000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, Reborn! ranked 67th. Reborn! ranked 64th on NHK's Best 100 Anime Ranking poll, hold to honor the medium's 100th anniversary. Reborn! has been reviewed a number of times. According to Carlo Santos of Anime News Network, although the manga's first volume had a weak plot and its art was "downright messy and crowded" there was "volatile chemistry" between Tsuna and Reborn. Popcultureshock.com said that the series was aimed at girls because of the number of male characters, and cited its good combination of artwork and humor. A. E. Sparrow of IGN liked its lampooning of the "Mafia concept" and the manga's artwork, saying the "cartoonish characters exist alongside chiseled, well-sculpted figures". The series' change in tone evoked a variety of responses; in a ninth-volume review Sparrow said the series "is quickly becoming a great shōnen read in no small part due to this current storyline", noting its evolution since Tsuna began to grow up and the fights became more violent. According to Comicbookbin.com, although the fights were well-done and the series was still funny, volume eight of the manga was too violent and ordinary readers might find it strange. Ben Leary of Mania Entertainment was lukewarm about the series' darker tone since the eighth volume. Praising the fights and the handling of the tournament between the Vongola and the Varia, he missed the series' comedy and hoped it would return after the tournament. Manga News praised Akira Amano's progressing art and visually stunning fight, but finds the ending too abrupt when there are still some unanswered questions. Notes References External links Shueisha's Official Reborn! Site TV Tokyo's Official Reborn! Site Reborn! 2007 Japanese novels Adventure anime and manga Anime series based on manga Artland (company) Comedy anime and manga Discotek Media Light novels Organized crime in anime and manga Shueisha franchises Shueisha manga Shōnen manga Supernatural anime and manga TV Tokyo original programming Viz Media anime Viz Media manga	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reborn%21
Robbinsdale Cooper High School is a 4-year public high school in New Hope, Minnesota, a northwest suburb of Minneapolis, United States. Cooper, as it is informally known, became an IB World School in July 1998, and now offers the IB Middle Years Program (MYP) and the IB Diploma Programme along with a wide variety of courses and curricula suited to the needs of every student. RCHS has a large fine arts and music program, as well as multiple extracurricular activities including a broad selection of athletics. RCHS is home to about 1600 students. Cooper students and alumni are known as Hawks, after the school's mascot. School history E. J. Cooper Senior High School, as it was originally known, was built in 1964 to accommodate increasing enrollment in the Robbinsdale Area School District (Independent School District 281). Once called the most modern high school in the area, Cooper was advanced in both structure and audiovisual technology. It was named for district superintendent Edwin J. ("E.J.") Cooper, and for years E.J. was a popular guest at school gatherings. The school's first principal was Lyndon Ulrich. In its first year, Cooper held classes for kindergarten as well as grades 10 through 12. It then held grades 10 through 12 for many years before adding the 9th grade in the 1990s. In 1982, declining enrollment in the district forced the closure of one of the district's 3 high schools. Robbinsdale High School was chosen for closure after contentious debate. In an effort to placate Robbinsdale residents, the two remaining high schools within the district, Cooper and Armstrong, were renamed Robbinsdale Cooper and Robbinsdale Armstrong. Cooper Athletics & Activities Cooper entered into the MSHSL Metro West Conference in the fall of 2014. From 2005 to 2014, Cooper teams competed in the now-defunct North Suburban Conference. The Girls' Swim Team won the North Suburban Conference Championship in 2005 and 2006. The Boys' Basketball Team won the Conference Championship in 2006, and finished 2nd in the state tournament behind Hopkins High School. This was the first time since 1975 that the team had made it to the state tournament. In 2010 Cooper Sophomore Brenna Walek set 4 Minnesota State High School League records for softball including home runs in a single game (4), consecutive home runs (4), RBIs in a game (9), and walks in a single game (4). In the 2010–2011 Boys' Hockey season, the Hawks beat their archrival the Armstrong Falcons. It was the first win against Armstrong since 1995. This 2010-11 team tallied 14 wins, their most since 1984. The Girls' hockey team was also quite successful in 2010–11, racking up 7 wins which tied their all-time high. However that season would be their last as the girls' team merged with the Armstrong Falcons in the fall of 2011. The boys' hockey team merged with the Armstrong boys' team in the fall of 2014. Traditionally, the Cooper Hawks' primary athletic rivalry has been with the Armstrong Falcons. In 2017-18 the Girls’ Basketball team won the Metro West Conference for the second consecutive season with a 14–0 record in conference play. They would go on to win their section and advance to the state tournament for the first time in program history. The Hawks would be the #1 seed in the Class AAA State tournament and win their quarterfinal game against Alexandria High School 58–51, the next day they advanced to the State Championship game with a win over Willmar High School 65–54. In the state title game they would win against Northfield High School 49-37 for the first Girls’ Basketball Championship in School History. The Hawks finished with a record of 29–2 in the 2017–18 season. Notable alumni Brother Ali, artist/rapper signed to Rhymesayers Entertainment Douglas McCain, jihadist killed in Syria Dan Johnson, NFL player Jim Johnson, NHL player Troy Kastigar, jihadist killed in Somalia Paul Kohls, member of Minnesota House of Representatives 2003-11 Lance Pitlick, NHL player Steve Plasencia, distance runner, 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics The Scary Guy, anti-bullying advocate Rashad Vaughn, Basketball player David Webber, class of 1987, managed in TNA wrestling as Mortimer Plumtree Rodney Williams Jr., professional basketball player Steve Zahn, actor References External links Public high schools in Minnesota International Baccalaureate schools in Minnesota Educational institutions established in 1964 Schools in Hennepin County, Minnesota 1964 establishments in Minnesota	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbinsdale%20Cooper%20High%20School
Feng Zicai () (1818–1903) was a general in the Imperial Army during the Qing dynasty. He was originally a bandit from Qinzhou, Guangxi, China. The Taiping Rebellion In 1856, Feng, a lieutenant colonel, commanded a regiment stationed in northern Jiangsu during the Taiping Rebellion. He defeated rebel forces many times on their march across the Yangtze River toward the north and was promoted to lieutenant general in 1864. The war ended in 1871. In 1867, he established his base of command in Nanning where he worked to fight bandits, rebels, the Hmong and other groups threatening the Qing Empire in south China and northern Vietnam. Sino-French War During the Sino-French War (August 1884 to April 1885) Feng was placed in command of a chiefly Zhuang armed force in South China, composed mainly of local peasantry and some of Feng's retired imperial troops. On 23 February 1885 the misdeployment of Feng's troops too far from the battlefield was a major factor in the defeat of China's Kwangsi Army in the Battle of Đồng Đăng. Feng atoned for his incompetence exactly one month later. On 23 and 24 March 1885 Feng's forces were present at the Battle of Bang Bo, in which Francois de Negrier's 2nd Brigade was defeated at Zhennanguan on the Kwangsi-Tonkin border. The Chinese had heavily fortified their position, and although the French captured a number of Chinese outworks on 23 March, their attacks on 24 March failed to make any headway. Eventually the French were counterattacked and forced to retreat with heavy casualties. Feng Zicai's troops, stationed on the Chinese right wing around the village of Bang Bo, played an important role in the battle, defeating an assault by the French 111th Line Battalion on a position known as 'the long trench'. Feng is said to have encouraged his troops with the words 'You should die rather than bear to see a French army invading Chinese soil!' (寧死不忍見法軍侵入中國境內). He is also said to have personally led the Chinese counterattack against the 111th Battalion. The Chinese had been beaten with ease by the French during the Lang Son Campaign of February 1885, and Chinese sources attest to the poor morale of the Chinese army at Bang Bo. Feng Zicai is known to have issued orders that any man who left his post would be executed on the spot, and several dozen Chinese soldiers who fled when the French approached the long trench were immediately shot. Feng's defiant words to his troops at Bang Bo are sculpted on a giant stone on Wuzhi Mountain, the highest mountain in Hainan. Film portrayal The story of Feng Zicai and the victory of the Chinese troops was made into the 2017 film The War of Loong. See also Draft History of Qing Zhang Guoliang References 1818 births 1903 deaths Generals from Guangxi People from Bobai People from Qinzhou People of the Sino-French War People of the Taiping Rebellion Qing dynasty tidus	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng%20Zicai
Fatos Kongoli (born January 12, 1944) is an Albanian novelist and a utilizer of contemporary Albanian prose. Biography He was born and raised in Elbasan and studied at the Qemal Stafa High School, in Tirana, Albania. Afterwards he studied mathematics in China during the tense years of the Sino-Albanian split. Kongoli chose not to publish any major works during the dictatorship. Rather than this, he devoted his creative energies at the time to an obscure and apolitical career as a mathematician, and waited for the storm to pass. His narrative talent and individual style only really emerged, at any rate, in the 1990s, since the fall of the communist dictatorship. His first major novel, The Loser (I humburi, Tirana 1992; English edition, 2007), is set in March 1991, when over 10,000 refugees scrambled onto a decrepit and heavily rusting freighter to escape the past and to reach the marvelous West. There they washed up, unwanted, on the shores of southern Italy. At the last moment before setting sail, protagonist Thesar Lumi, the 'loser' for whom all hope is too late, abandons his companions, disembarks and walks home. "I returned to my neighbourhood at the nightfall. No one had seen me leave and no one saw me come back." The narrative of the novel returns at this point to the long and numbing years of the Hoxha dictatorship to revive the climate of terror and universal despair which characterized day-to-day life in Albania in the 1960s and 1970s. Thesar Lumi was born on the banks of a river (Alb. lumi) in the looming shadow of the people's own cement factory, which produced more dust than it ever did cement. Despite a skeleton in the family closet, an uncle who had earlier fled the country, Thesar manages to get himself registered at the university, and penetrates briefly into a milieu which is not his own and never will be, that of the ruling families of Albania's red aristocracy. "At a tender age I learned that I belonged to an inferior race or, as I saw things at the time, to a category of mangy dogs to be kicked about and chased away." Thesar, whose fate in Albania's hermetic and suffocating society has been sealed once and for all, returns to live a life of futility and despair in a universe with no heroes. Far from the active protagonist struggling to control of his own destiny or even from the staid positive hero of socialist realism, Thesar Lumi is incapable of action and incapable of living. He is the voice of all the 'losers' who glimpse the silver clouds on the horizon and know full well that they will never reach them. "My existence is that of the mediocre, setting out from nothing and going nowhere." When first published in 1992, in what was a comparatively large edition of 10,000 copies, the novel found immediate success among the reading public. Among Kongoli's subsequent novels are: Kufoma, Tirana 1994 (The Corpse), the story of another loser caught up in the inhumane machinery of the last decade of the Stalinist dictatorship in Albania; Dragoi i fildishtë, Tirana 1999 (The Ivory Dragon), which focuses primarily on the life of an Albanian student in China in the 1960s; and Lëkura e qenit, Tirana 2003, a tale of love and forgotten affections. Kongoli's novels have been translated into French, German, Italian, Greek, Esperanto, Spanish and Slovak. Sources Albanian literature from Robert Elsie Books by Fatos Kongoli Books by Fatos Kongoli gjemite e mbytura References Albanian male writers 20th-century Albanian writers 21st-century Albanian writers Albanian mathematicians 1944 births Living people Qemal Stafa High School alumni People from Elbasan Socialist realism writers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatos%20Kongoli
Lakewood Theater is an historic theater located in Lakewood, Dallas, Texas (USA). The restored Streamline Moderne theater, built in 1938, shows classic films and hosts many contemporary musical and comedy events. External links Lakewood Theater Landmarks in Dallas Theatre in Dallas Streamline Moderne architecture in Texas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood%20Theater%20%28Dallas%29
The Battle of the Maule (in Mapudungun: Mawlen Weichantun, in Quechua: Mawlli Ch'iraqi) was fought between a coalition of Mapuche people of Chile and the Inca Empire of Peru. Traditionally this battle is held to have occurred near what is now Maule River, in Central Chile. The account of Garcilaso de la Vega depicts the three-day battle, which is generally believed to have occurred in the reign of Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471-93 CE). Historian Osvaldo Silva conjectures instead the battle occurred much after Tupac Inca Yupanqui's conquest of northern Chile with 1532 being a possible date. Silva claims the battle was not decisive at all as the Inca army was already in retreat from a new incursion to Mapuche lands in the south. Arguably the Inca's advances in Chile were halted by their unwillingness to commit greater resources in fighting the Mapuche. Account of Garcilaso de la Vega In a six-year campaign with an army that eventually rose to 50,000 men, the Inca general Sinchiruca had subdued the regions of northern Chile, Copiapó, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, and the Maipo Valley around what is now Santiago. After securing the Maipo Valley, Sinchiruca sent 20,000 men down to the valley of the Maule River. The territory of the Picunche people inhabiting this last region south of Maipo Valley extended further to the south to the Itata River, and these people south of the Maipo Valley had refused to submit to the rule of the Inca and called on their allies south of the Maule; the Antalli, Pincu, and Cauqui to join in opposing these invaders. This defiance gave them their distinctive name of Purumaucas from Quechua purum awqa meaning "savage enemy". The Spanish later corrupted the name into Promaucaes. The Incas crossed the Maule River, and keeping their old custom, they sent messengers to require these Purumaucas to submit to the rule of the Inca or resort to arms. The Purumaucas had determined to die before losing their freedom, and responded that the victors would be masters of the defeated and that the Incas would quickly see how the Purumaucas obeyed. Three or four days after this answer, the Purumaucas and their allies arrived and camped in front of the Incas' camp with 18,000 - 20,000 warriors. The Incas tried diplomacy, offering peace and friendship, claiming they were not going to take their land and property but to give them a way to live as men. The Purumaucas responded saying that they came not to waste time in vain words and reasoning, but to fight until they won or died. The Incas promised battle the next day. The following day both armies left their camps and fought all day without either gaining an advantage, and both suffering many wounded and dead. At night they both retired to their positions. On the second and third day they fought with the same results. At the end of the third day of battle both factions saw that they had lost more than half their number in dead, and the living were almost all wounded. On the fourth day, neither side left their own camp, which had been fortified, as they hoped to defend them if their opponents attacked. The fifth and sixth days were passed in the same manner but by the seventh the Purumaucas and their allies retired and returned home claiming victory. Revised account by Osvaldo Silva Historian Osvaldo Silva challenges much of the narrative of Garcilaso de la Vega. Silva holds that the battle of the Maule is not connected to the main pulse of Incan conquest of Chile which took place during the reign of Topa Inca Yupanqui (1471–93). Instead he positions it much later when Inca rule was already established in northern Chile, suggesting 1532 as likely date. Further Silva argues two battles took place. A first battle would have occurred at Cachapoal River with the Inca army being able to continue south. Then, after deep penetration into Mapuche lands in the south the Inca army returned north while under harassment and at Maule River a weakened Inca army halted to fight incoming Mapuches. The Inca incursion may have reached as far as the site of Concepción where the later account of Jerónimo de Vivar of Mapuches bearing gold and silver objects suggest some kind of Mapuche—Inca interaction. As such Silva concludes that the battle of the Maule did not stop the Inca conquest, but it was rather a lack of incentives to commit greater efforts to subdue a non-urban society, plus the difficulties in imposing imperial rule given the political and social structure of the Mapuche. Silva contrasts the Chilean campaigns with the great effort put by the Inca Empire in its arduous war with the Chimú Empire. Notes Sources Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Comentarios reales, Segunda Parte : Libro VII, Cap. 18, 19, 20. Jerónimo de Vivar, Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile (Chronicle and abundant and true relation of the kingdoms of Chile) ARTEHISTORIA REVISTA DIGITAL; Crónicas de América (on line in Spanish) Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche, Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile (Description Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Chile), PDF E Libros from Memoria Chilena (History of Chile 1542–1788) Tomo I History 1542 - 1626, Tomo 8 de Colección de historiadores de Chile y de documentos relativos a la historia nacional. Santiago : Impr. del Ferrocarril, 1861. Maule Maule Mapuche history Maule 15th century in the Inca civilization 15th century in South America History of Maule Region Maule, Battle	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Maule
Vanadium oxytrichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VOCl3. This yellow distillable liquid hydrolyzes readily in air. It is an oxidizing agent. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. Samples often appear red or orange owing to an impurity of vanadium tetrachloride. Properties VOCl3 is a vanadium compound with vanadium in the +5 oxidation state and as such is diamagnetic. It is tetrahedral with O-V-Cl bond angles of 111° and Cl-V-Cl bond angles of 108°. The V-O and V-Cl bond lengths are 157 and 214 pm, respectively. VOCl3 is highly reactive toward water and evolves HCl upon standing. It is soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, CH2Cl2, and hexane. In some aspects, the chemical properties of VOCl3 and POCl3 are similar. One distinction is that VOCl3 is a strong oxidizing agent, whereas the phosphorus compound is not. Neat VOCl3 is the usual chemical shift standard for 51V NMR spectroscopy. Preparation VOCl3 arises by the chlorination of V2O5. The reaction proceeds near 600 °C: 3 Cl2 + V2O5 → 2 VOCl3 + 1.5 O2 Heating an intimate (well-blended with tiny particles) mixture of V2O5, chlorine, and carbon at 200–400 °C also gives VOCl3. In this case the carbon serves as a deoxygenation agent akin to its use in the chloride process for the manufacturing of TiCl4 from TiO2. Vanadium(III) oxide can also be used as a precursor: 3 Cl2 + V2O3 → 2 VOCl3 + 0.5 O2 A more typical laboratory synthesis involves the chlorination of V2O5 using SOCl2. V2O5 + 3 SOCl2 → 2 VOCl3 + 3 SO2 Reactions Hydrolysis and alcoholysis VOCl3 quickly hydrolyzes resulting in vanadium pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. An intermediate in this process is VO2Cl: 2 VOCl3 + 3 H2O → V2O5 + 6 HCl VOCl3 reacts with alcohols especially in the presence of a proton-acceptor to give alkoxides, as illustrated by this synthesis of vanadyl isopropoxide: VOCl3 + 3 HOCH(CH3)2 → VO(OCH(CH3)2)3 + 3 HCl Interconversions to other V-O-Cl compounds VOCl3 is also used in the synthesis of vanadium oxydichloride. V2O5 + 3 VCl3 + VOCl3 → 6 VOCl2 VO2Cl can be prepared by an unusual reaction involving Cl2O. VOCl3 + Cl2O → VO2Cl + 2 Cl2 At >180 °C, VO2Cl decomposes to V2O5 and VOCl3. Similarly, VOCl2 also decomposes to give VOCl3, together with VOCl. Adduct formation VOCl3 is strongly Lewis acidic, as demonstrated by its tendency to form adducts with various bases such as acetonitrile and amines. In forming the adducts, vanadium changes from four-coordinate tetrahedral geometry to six-coordinate octahedral geometry: VOCl3 + 2 H2NEt → VOCl3(H2NEt)2 Organic chemistry VOCl3 is a catalyst or precatalyst in production of ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPDM). In organic synthesis, it has been used for oxidative coupling of phenols and anisoles. References Vanadium(V) compounds Oxychlorides Metal halides Vanadyl compounds	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium%20oxytrichloride
The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office (JSO) is a joint city-county law enforcement agency, which has primary responsibility for law enforcement, investigation, and corrections within the consolidated City of Jacksonville and Duval County, Florida, United States. Duval County includes the incorporated cities of Jacksonville, Atlantic Beach, Baldwin, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach; the beach cities have their own police departments as well. History Jacksonville Police Department: 1822–1968 The first sheriff to be appointed in Jacksonville was James Dell in 1822 when Duval County was incorporated. A town ordinance in 1845 required all free males living in Jacksonville to participate in evening patrol duty. From 1865 to 1869 law enforcement was enforced by the continued occupation of the Union Army and t provost marshal and guard. A civilian Marshal was appointed as head of the department in 1871 along with the creation of the Captain of Police rank. The mayor appointed the captain who would then be confirmed by the city council. In 1887 the captain of police became known as chief of police. A new charter was also established in 1887 creating a board of police commissioners. The department was composed mostly of African Americans. House Bill No. 4 was passed by the Florida State Legislature allowing the Governor to abolish all offices in Jacksonville and to make new appointments to fill the vacancies. The police force in 1889 consisted of a chief, three officers and 24 patrolmen. The first patrol wagon, pulled by two horses, was used in 1895. In 1904, as the automobile became more popular, the speed limit was set at 6 miles per hour. The first automobile patrol car was established in 1911. Jacksonville Sheriff's Office: 1968–present In 1967 a mandate was given by residents of Jacksonville and Duval County with 65 percent of the votes cast in favor of consolidating the city (Jacksonville Police Department) and county governments (Duval County Sheriff's Office). On October 1, 1968, the two governmental bodies were replaced with "a single unified government", the new organization, the Office of the Sheriff – Jacksonville Police, paralleled the name of the new jurisdiction. The four other municipalities within Duval County retained their own police departments. However, the Baldwin city council voted to disband their police department by 2007; at midnight on March 13, 2006, the sheriff's office took over responsibility of police services. Starting in the late 1980s, the agency adopted the Glock 17 9×19mm pistol as their sidearm. The agency still issues Glock 17s as the sidearm. On June 2, 2022, Mike Williams announced his retirement a year prior to the end of his second term. He moved his residence to nearby Nassau County in 2021 despite a Jacksonville Charter rule that requires elected officials to live in Duval County. Williams considered filing suit to challenge the law but decided against it. Public criticism that the leader of law enforcement was violating the rules forced Williams to make a choice. Williams stated that his last day would be June 10. Undersheriff Pat Ivey was appointed by Governor Ron DeSantis to replace Williams, and was sworn in on June 11, 2022. A special election was held August 23. No candidate received 50% of the vote, so a runoff was held on November 8, 2022. T.K. Waters (R) beat Lakesha Burton (D) 55%-45% on the November 8th election. Waters was sworn in on Sunday, November 20, 2022, in front of his church congregation. Elected Sheriffs 1903–1904 John Price 1913–1915 W. H. "Ham" Dowling 1924–1928 W. B. Cahoon 1932–1957 Rex Sweat 1957–1958 William Alpheus "Al" Cahill 1958–1986 Dale George Carson 1986–1996 Jim McMillan 1996–2004 Nat Glover 2004–2015 John Rutherford 2015–2022 Mike Williams June–November 2022 Pat Ivey November 2022 – present T.K. Waters Organization The JSO is headed by the sheriff, a Florida constitutional officer elected to a four-year term. By virtue of Jacksonville's consolidated city-county status, the sheriff combines the functions of police chief of Jacksonville and sheriff of Duval County. He is one of the few popularly elected police chiefs in the country. The sheriff appoints his own senior staff from Undersheriff to Assistant Chiefs. All sworn members of the JSO are sworn in by the sheriff and are considered under the Florida constitution as his/her deputies. All sworn members of the JSO are Law Enforcement Officers (LEO) or Correctional Officers with all powers allowed by state law to carry firearms and make arrest. JSO also employs Community Service Officers, who are unsworn personnel that respond to primarily traffic-related incidents not requiring the full police powers of a sworn officer. Departments The Sheriff's Office is divided into five departments, each sub-divided into divisions, sections, units, and squads. Each department is commanded by a director with the rank director of a department. Each division is commanded by a chief. The department and its sections are as follows. Department of Patrol & Enforcement There are three divisions in this department, and is headed by the Director of Patrol and Enforcement Patrol Division Commanded by the Chief of Patrol who oversees the six patrol zones, each headed by an Assistant Chief/District Commander. District 1: Downtown, Springfield, Eastside, San Marco, Riverside District 2: Arlington, Intercoastal West District 3: Southside, Mandarin, E-Town District 4: Avondale, Ortega, Westside, Argyle District 5: Northwest, New Town, Baldwin District 6: Northside, San Mateo, Oceanway Patrol Support Division Commanded by the Chief of Patrol Support. Community Engagement Section- Assistant Chief Crime Prevention, International Affairs, Sheriff's Watch, Blight Abatement, Tele-Serv, Police Athletic League Specialized Patrol Section- Assistant Chief Aviation, Canine, Mounted, Civil Process, Risk Protection, Offender Tracking, Felony Registration, Police Auxiliary, Traffic Enforcement, DUI Enforcement, Motors Squad Special Events Division Commanded by the Chief of Special Events Special Events Section- Assistant Chief Special Events, Secondary Employment, Emergency Preparedness, Honor Guard, Mobile Field Force Department of Investigations & Homeland Security There are three divisions in this department, and the director holds the title of director of the Department of Investigations & Homeland Security. Detective Division The Detective Division is under the direction of the chief of detectives who is responsible for the overall operation of the division. The Detective Division comprises a Property Crimes Section, a Major Case Section, and a Violence Reduction Section, all of which are under the command of a respective assistant chief. Property Crimes Section Auto Crimes Unit – The Auto Crimes Unit handles auto theft and auto burglary investigations, many of which result in civil disputes. The unit also investigates thefts of marine craft, all terrain vehicles, motorcycles and aircraft. Traffic Homicide Unit – The Traffic Homicide Unit is responsible for investigating traffic fatalities, and hit and run crashes with serious bodily injury. They operate under the supervision of the Auto Crimes Unit commander. Burglary Unit – The Burglary Unit investigates all business and residential burglaries as well as thefts over a certain dollar amount. These squads are assigned to the geographic patrol zones. Polygraph Unit – The Polygraph Unit is staffed by polygraphists who administer polygraph examinations to suspects, victims, and witnesses involved in criminal investigations. They also administer polygraph examinations for police and other job applicants as part of their background investigation process. Economic Crimes – The Economic Crimes Unit investigates forgeries, frauds, including Internet fraud, bank fraud and credit card fraud, along with identity theft, con games, and other economic crimes. Crime Scene Unit – The Crime Scene Unit is staffed by evidence technicians. Latent Print Unit – The Latent Print Unit is staffed by latent print examiners who play a vital role in the investigation, identification, and conviction of criminal offenders. Photo Lab – The Photo Lab is staffed by police photographers who are responsible for processing, printing and maintaining all crime scene photographs. Major Case Section Homicide Unit – The Homicide Unit handles current cases while one team handles cold case investigations. The "hot" teams investigate cases such as murder, manslaughter, suicide, accidental death (except traffic crashes), in‑custody deaths, any death of a suspicious or undetermined nature or a death in which a doctor will not sign the death certificate as well as any incident (except traffic crashes) resulting in life-threatening injury. The homicide unit also investigates officer involved shooting incidents, no matter how serious the injury, and incidents when an officer has been shot or seriously injured. Cold Case Unit – The Cold Case Team reviews all requests for an investigation, provided the original detective, or reassigned detective is no longer in the Homicide Unit and there is no other active ongoing investigation. Missing Persons Unit – The Missing Persons Unit is under the direction of the Homicide Unit commander. Robbery Unit – Detectives are tasked with the investigation of the crimes of armed robbery, unarmed or "strong-arm" robbery, home-invasion robbery, carjacking, and a relatively new Florida statute covering the crime of "robbery by sudden snatching." Additionally, the Robbery Unit oversees the enforcement of the Jacksonville Business Security Code and the Florida Convenience Business Security Act. Special Assaunt Unit – Detectives in the Special Assault Unit (formerly known as Sex Crimes) are tasked with the investigation of all felony sexual assaults, as well as crimes involving child pornography and lewd and lascivious acts. They also investigate incidents of child abuse, child neglect, domestic violence, elderly abuse, elderly neglect and financial exploitation of the elderly. Victim Services Coordinator – The Victim Services Coordinators provide assistance to all crime victims, witnesses, survivors, and their significant others. The coordinator also provides short-term crisis intervention and counseling for law enforcement. Violence Reduction Section Community Problem Response Unit – Officers assigned to this unit (commonly referred to as "CPR") conduct proactive street-level investigations in support of other investigative units and in response to crime patterns. Gang Investigations Unit – The Gang Unit investigates and monitors known criminal street gangs and validated gang members who commit crimes within the city of Jacksonville. Violent Crimes Unit – Detectives assigned to the Violent Crimes Unit investigate felony level battery crimes, such as shootings (where no death has occurred), drive-by shootings, shootings into occupied dwellings, and other aggravated assaults. Homeland Security Division The Homeland Security Division is commanded by a Chief. The division is broken up into two sections. Each section is led by an assistant chief. •Assistant Chief of Special Operations encompasses units that include:SWAT; Bomb Squad; Marine Unit; Dive Team; Intelligence Unit; Crisis Negotiators; Unmanned Arial Systems; CISM; Critical Infrastructures; and Fusion Center. •Assistant Chief of Narcotics/Vice encompasses units that include Narcotics Units; Vice Squad; Warehouse Unit; Computer Forensics; Technical Support and Forfeiture Unit. Detectives are also assigned to North Florida's High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA); Narcotics Task Force; and Internet Crimes Against Children investigations (ICAC). Department of Police Services A director leads the Department of Police Services. There are three divisions in this department. Budget & Management Division-Chief Police Support Services Division-Chief Central Records-Assistant Chief Communications-Assistant Chief Logistic/General Support-Assistant Chief Department of Personnel & Professional Standards A Director leads the Department of Personnel & Professional Standards. There are two divisions in this department. 1. Human Resources Division - Chief Recruitment and Selection Occupational Health Personnel Services Time and Attendance 2. Professional Standards Division - Chief Training Section - Assistant Chief Academy Field Training Gun Range Leadership Development Public Accountability Section - Assistant Chief Body-Worn Cameras Internal Affairs Unit Professional Oversight Unit Public Relations & Information Compliance Section - Executive Accreditation Internal Audits Non-Sworn & Sworn Inspections Department of Corrections The Department of Corrections has more than 600 state-certified corrections officers and civilian personnel with three correctional facilities in Duval County. The largest is the John E. Goode Pre-Trial Detention Facility (PTDF) located in downtown Jacksonville. It is a twelve-story building with a capacity of over 2,100. The others are the Montgomery Correctional Center (MCC) and the Community Transitions Center (CTC). There are three divisions within this department and is headed by the Director of Corrections. 1.Jails Division - Chief PTDF Custody & Housing Section – Assistant Chief PTDF Processing Operations Section - Assistant Chief PTDF Support Services Section - Assistant Chief Court Services Section - Major 2.Prisons Division – Chief CTC – Assistant Chief MCC – Assistant Chief 3.Programs & Transitional Services Division - Chief Rank structure Misconduct On 31 January 1925, a local Black man, Willie Washington was murdered by a Jacksonville detective. His body was put on display in the county courthouse. Hundreds came to view and jeer the body. The Brenton Butler case involved a 2000 murder investigation where a 15-year-old black male was arrested and charged with the crime. At trial, he claimed his confession was coerced after being threatened and brutalized by detectives. The jury acquitted him after less than an hours' deliberation. Two other individuals were later convicted of the crime. The grand jury investigation criticized the prosecutor and police for their handling of the case but found no evidence of criminal wrongdoing. In January, 2003 former officers Aric Sinclair, Jason Pough, Reginald Bones and Karl Waldon were sentenced to federal prison terms for their crimes that included robbery of cash and drugs, kidnapping and murder over three years in the late 1990s. See also List of law enforcement agencies in Florida List of U.S. state and local law enforcement agencies Brenton Butler case a 2000 case of false confession References External links Official Sheriff's Office Website Florida Times-Union profile Government of Jacksonville, Florida Sheriffs' departments of Florida Duval County, Florida 1968 establishments in Florida Jacksonville Modern architecture Government agencies established in 1968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville%20Sheriff%27s%20Office
Roseburg High School is a public high school in Roseburg, Oregon, United States. Campus The campus is roughly and contains seven main buildings as well as a track and an artificial turf football field. Completed in 1926, the "Heritage Building," once referred to as the "Main Building", is the oldest on campus. Constructed out of concrete in a cow pasture known as "Bellows Field," the Heritage Building originally consisted of 15 classrooms, a gymnasium and an auditorium. At three stories high, the tallest building on campus is referred to as "The Commons." Completed in 1964, it is located at the center of the campus and houses the Library/Media Center at the ground floor. In 2001 a major remodel began that included the erection of three new buildings and the demolition of two old buildings. The Fitness Gymnasium located to the south of the Heritage Building was completed in 2002. The Fine Arts Building was completed in the summer of 2003, housing the Rose Theatre, the cafeteria and the fine arts department. The Main Building was completed in 2004 and is the location of the front office, counseling center and career center. Athletics Roseburg High School athletics have a decorated history in football, wrestling, and other sports. In the 1960's and early 1970's Roseburg was a tennis powerhouse winning 12 state championships under Coach Al Hoffman (Hoffman coached from 1949 to 1973). The outdoor building at the Umpqua Valley Tennis Center is named after Hoffman. Beyond tennis, Roseburg has also produced some of the top high school wrestlers in the country, sending students to several universities and garnering championships in 1974, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 under Steve Lander. Roseburg High School's football team made the USAToday rankings for the top 25 football teams in the nation in both the 1995 and 1996 seasons under head coach Thurman Bell. During those seasons, the team also won state championships. Under Thurman Bell's replacement Dave Heuberger, Roseburg High School achieved made it to the quarterfinals of the OSAA (Oregon School Activities Association) 6A bracket in the 2021 season. Academics In 2008, 71% of the school's seniors received a high school diploma. Of 598 students, 427 graduated, 127 dropped out, and 44 were still in high school the following year. In the graduating class of 2021, over 89% of the graduating class completed their diploma or GED, beating the state average in a year that saw most schools decline. Shooting incident At 7:45am on February 23, 2006, 14-year-old freshman Vincent Wayne Leordoro shot and critically wounded 16-year-old Joseph Monti in the school's courtyard. Two students followed the shooter and flagged down a police car as he walked away from school. Police confronted him at a nearby restaurant parking lot, where he put a gun to his head before surrendering. School administrators hired security guards as a result of the incident. Leodoro was sentenced to be held until he was 25 years old. Notable alumni Paul Brothers - football player Jamie Burke - MLB baseball player Troy Calhoun - head coach of the United States Air Force Academy football team David Kennerly - Pulitzer prize-winning photographer and Presidential Photographer for Gerald Ford Matthew Lessner - director and screenwriter Kyle Loomis - football punter Nancy Norton - U.S. Navy vice admiral Alek Skarlatos - Oregon Army National Guardsman, recipient of the Knights of the Legion of Honour Craig Tanner - film director, film producer, and editor Chris Thompson - US Olympic Swimmer, Bronze Medalist Sydney 2000 ZZ Ward - musician References 1899 establishments in Oregon Buildings and structures in Roseburg, Oregon Educational institutions established in 1899 High schools in Douglas County, Oregon Public high schools in Oregon	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseburg%20High%20School
The Dragon Masters is a science fiction novella by American author Jack Vance. It was first published in Galaxy magazine, August 1962, and in 1963 in book form, as half of Ace Double F-185 (with The Five Gold Bands). It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1963. The story describes a human society living under pre-industrial conditions that has bred lizard-like intelligent aliens to function as warriors, and an encounter with a ship from the alien planet, containing both the same aliens, and humans bred by them for similar purposes. Plot summary Aerlith is a planet of rocks and wilderness orbiting a distant bright star known as Skene which appears as "an actinic point" in the daytime. The sky is described as being black rather than blue. The planet's rotation is slow, taking several days. It is so slow that dawn and dusk are accompanied by storms that follow the boundary between day and night around the planet. The night has an effect on the "Dragons" of the title, making them more vicious and unmanageable. This means that all movement of the armies must take place during daylight. Humans live in valleys where the soil is good. Occasionally they make war on each other across the hills, passes and fells between their valley homes. Their technology is limited to steel and gunpowder. They also use semi-precious stones for decoration. From time to time, often after many years, a spaceship appears and abducts as many humans as can be caught. The settlements are also bombarded, ensuring that humanity will not rise above its present technological level. During one such raid, a charismatic leader named Kergan Banbeck captures a group of the alien raiders, who are accompanied by their human servants. Without their masters, the humans go mad and destroy the ship. The aliens, many-limbed lizard-like creatures known as "grephs", become prisoners of the humans they came to kidnap. Many years later, Kergan's descendant, Joaz Banbeck, is troubled by two things. He believes the grephs will return soon, and his neighbor, Ervis Carcolo of the ironically named Happy Valley, is forever plotting against him. The captive grephs have been bred over the years into fighting creatures known as dragons, ranging from the man-sized "Termagant" to the gigantic "Jugger". As each new variety has been bred over the years, the fortunes of war have shifted between the Banbecks and the Carcolos. Now there is an uneasy peace. There is a third group of humans, the "Sacerdotes", mysterious ascetics who walk naked in all weathers. They are characterized by very long hair, pale complexions, and the golden torc each wears around the neck. Only males are seen. They trade for what they need and seem to possess advanced technologies. They believe that they are beyond human, calling the rest of humankind "Utter Men", who will eventually disappear and leave the universe to them. Joaz Banbeck tries without success to convince Ervis Carcolo and the Sacerdotes of the need to prepare for the next visit by the grephs. Ervis Carcolo, far from cooperating, attacks Banbeck Vale, only to have his army routed by Joaz's ingenious tactics. Joaz is able to confine a Sacerdote and ask him questions, only to have the man apparently die. Taking his torc and making a wig from the man's hair, Joaz attempts to examine the Sacerdotes' cave home. They are definitely working on something big. Returning home, he is confronted by the Sacerdote he had thought dead, who demands the return of his torc and walks silently away. Subsequently, Joaz has a dream in which he talks to the sacerdote leader and tries to persuade him to help. The leader, known as the Demie, refuses, claiming that to involve himself in the affairs of Utter Men is to destroy the detachment necessary to their lifestyle. Joaz suspects they are building a spaceship. Ervis Carcolo attacks again. Once again, Joaz defeats him, but at that moment, the grephs reappear. Happy Valley is destroyed and Banbeck Vale is obviously next. Besides the power of the ship itself, the grephs have humans whom they have bred, just as the men of Aerlith have bred their dragons. The "Heavy Trooper" is physically equal to the Termagant, and a "Giant" matches the monstrous Jugger. Some of the humans have been bred to track people by smell, and still others are used like horses, like their dragon counterparts, the Spiders. The grephs attack, tentatively at first. Their troops are astonished by the dragons who so resemble their masters. The fighting is bloody and Joaz moves his people into caves and tunnels for safety. The grephs decide simply to bombard the Vale since they cannot take the people. Joaz has anticipated this, and lures them to a spot where he believes the sacerdotes' workshops are located. Carcolo, almost with his last remaining energy and backed by his now demoralized troops, assaults the ship from an unguarded quarter. Joaz coincidentally decides on a similar tactic, and is amazed to find Carcolo already inside. Together they free many people, but cannot gain control of the ship. The destruction of the Vale seems inevitable, until Joaz's scheme pays off. The Sacerdote cavern is blown open, and the Sacerdotes are forced to use the engine of their spaceship to project a beam of energy at the alien ship, disabling it. Joaz and his troops complete the rout and capture the ship. However, the Sacerdote ship is destroyed. The Demie is driven out of his detachment by what Joaz has forced him to do. He upbraids Joaz for causing the destruction of the work of centuries just to save himself. Joaz refuses to apologize, and when Carcolo, now a prisoner, absurdly continues to assert his claim to the ship, Joaz has him executed. At the end, Joaz surveys the ruins of his home. He picks up a small round object, a semi-precious stone carved to be a globe of Eden or Tempe or even Earth, the mythical home of humans. He plans to find the other worlds where humans live, if he can repair the alien ship. For now, he must rebuild the homes of his people. He tosses the globe back on the rockpile and walks away. Characters Joaz Banbeck Joaz Banbeck is the lord of Banbeck Vale. He is descended from a line of ruthless and charismatic fighters, particularly Kergan Banbeck who captured almost the entire crew of a greph ship, thus establishing the breeding population from which the Dragons are descended. Joaz himself is educated and cultured, and regarded as weak by his enemies because of that. His people, however, live well thanks to well-built dwellings, mostly in freshly-excavated caves, and a well-engineered water supply from a dam. Banbeck Vale is described as having better soil than the other valley habitats. Joaz has various artifacts in his possession that show his interest in matters beyond the planet he lives on. One is a globe made of marble that depicts a world variously known as Eden, Tempe, or Earth, the original home of humans. Another is a device that shows the local stars in relation to each other in real time, allowing Joaz to predict the close approach of the star Coralyne, whose appearance always means a greph invasion. Joaz's family life is only hinted at. There is mention of a son and the son's mother, but other than that his main companion is Phade, a "minstrel-maiden" who seems to act as a geisha or even a concubine. Joaz's rival Ervis Carcolo is described as having many wives, and it is reasonable to suppose that Joaz may also have more than one consort. Ervis Carcolo Ervis Carcolo is lord of the ironically named Happy Valley. He is also descended from famous fighters. However, he is obsessed with regaining the glory Happy Valley once enjoyed, before the first greph invasion, and the subsequent Dragon wars. He focuses entirely on breeding more and better Dragons at the expense of the well-being of his people. Joaz Banbeck points out that most of his people live in huts rather than caves, leaving them easy prey for the grephs. Carcolo dismisses him as weak and effete. His only reason to parley with Joaz is to invite him to plot against the Sacerdotes. Carcolo is probably older than Joaz, since he fought in battle against Joaz's great-uncle when Joaz himself was just a sickly child. At that time Carcolo was gored by a horned Dragon but managed to retreat. Since that time there has been an uneasy peace between the two communities. Bast Givven Bast Givven is Carcolo's Head Dragon Master, military adviser and to some extent, his conscience. When Carcolo plots attacks on Banbeck Vale it is Givven who points out the poor quality of their forces, particularly their lack of large Dragons. Givven has a deep understanding of tactics and knows the limitations of men and Dragons in the peculiar conditions of Aerlith. After Carcolo is executed, Joaz makes Givven lord of Happy Valley, or at least what is left of it. Dae Alvonso Dae Alvonso is an itinerant merchant, and a trafficker in dragon eggs, children, gossip, and anything else that will make him a profit. He is used by both Joaz Banbeck and Ervis Carcolo to send messages to each other. Phade Phade is a "minstrel-maiden" in the service of Joaz Banbeck. She is trained to entertain and please men, though the exact nature of her services is not described. She is the one who discovers the sacerdote in Joaz's study at the beginning of the story. Her impressions of Joaz, particularly her inability to understand his personality to apply her training to him, serve to introduce him before he first appears in the story. Thereafter she is an interlocutor character to whom Joaz explains elements of the plot. The Sacerdotes The sacerdotes are ascetics who walk naked in all weathers and are devoted to truth and knowledge. Their only attire is a golden torc around the neck and their long hair. They live in caves somewhere around Banbeck Vale and possibly in other locations. Only male sacerdotes are seen outside the caves, although Joaz sees females when he sneaks into the sacerdote cave. Like the men they are thin with clear pale skin, long hair and no clothes. The most important thing in a sacerdote's life is the tand, a construction of twisted wire created by each individual based on study of the original tand. The tand reflects the individual's personality and philosophy. It is judged by the senior sacerdotes, and based on their assessment the individual can enjoy promotion within the community, or even be expelled. One feature of the sacerdote creed is that they must answer any question put to them, and answer truthfully. On the other hand, they are skilled at giving answers that avoid giving away their secrets, or affecting the conduct of others. Some answers can be accurate but useless. For instance, when dealing with a human emissary from the grephs, Kergan Banbeck asks a sacerdote how he can persuade the emissary to do as he wishes. The sacerdote suggests erasing his memory and rewriting it, clearly an impossible task. The sacerdotes have no names. Their leader is called "The Demie". Two sacerdotes and the Demie feature in the plot. One is the sacerdote who invades Joaz Banbeck's personal chambers. He is discovered by Phade but escapes via a secret passage. Joaz discovers the passage and sets a trap which the sacerdote later springs. Joaz detains him and asks him questions about his reason for being there. The sacerdote is evasive but admits that his mission is to learn about Joaz, and implies that he is in line to become the Demie. After lengthy questioning, he enters a deathlike state, whereupon Joaz uses his hair to fashion a wig and, taking the torc he wears, enters the secret passage himself disguised as a sacerdote. The sacerdote himself revives just as Joaz returns from his expedition. Another sacerdote appeared, years before, as Kergan Banbeck, having captured twenty-three grephs, negotiated with a human servant of the grephs. The emissary speaks and thinks in a way that Kergan cannot handle. To the emissary, reality is a predestined sequence of events that does not include the holding of grephs as hostages. The only way of preserving reality is for the hostages to be released. The sacerdote understands this, but cannot or will not make any suggestion that gets Kergan what he wants. The grephs As the captive grephs are led away by Kergan Banbeck, we gain some insight into their thought processes. They think of themselves as "The Revered". Their entire philosophy is predicated on a series of predestined events described in a way similar to the mathematics of quantum mechanics. Some events and outcomes – such as being captured – are forbidden for the Revered. They are therefore forced to conclude that they are not Revered and must be some other kind of creature altogether. The grephs are described as "standing on two legs, with two versatile members at mid-body, a pair of multi-articulated brachs at the neck", indicating that they have six limbs. As they provided the original breeding stock for the Dragons, they are also called Basics. The Dragons After many years of breeding by the humans, thanks to their providing eggs almost every year, the Dragons are changed into semi-intelligent beasts that can be trained to use weapons and respond to voice commands using "dragon talk", a code that is different for each dragon army. Their scaly skin resists bullets and blades, except in certain vulnerable locations. Breeds include: Termagants - these are closest to the Basics in size. They are tough, reproduce quickly, and can be trained to use pistol, sword and mace. They are usually the biggest component of a Dragon army. The color of their scales is rusty-red. Murderers - these come in two varieties, known as Striding and Long-horned. They are not described in detail, except to note that the Long-horned variety has a horn growing from the midsection, although another part of the story implies that there are horns on the head as well. Murderers seem to be used as shock troops. The color of their scales is brown. Fiends - these are squat, powerful beasts that can fight with sword and mace, but also have a heavy spiked ball at the end of a tail. This can be swung from side to side. It is particularly effective against Juggers if the Fiend can employ it between the Jugger's legs. The color of their scales is black-green. Blue Horrors - these are agile beasts equipped with pincers enabling them to dismember an opponent. The color of their scales is toxic-blue. Juggers - these are much larger than all the other Dragon breeds. They can use large hand weapons, but they are slow and ponderous. They are also hard to breed, so an army will have relatively few Juggers. However they can be extremely effective in the right situation, being able to pick up opponents and tear them apart. The color of their scales is grey. Spiders - these are bred to be large and fast enough to carry a human rider. The name implies that they use all available limbs for running. A high status individual such as Ervis Carcolo rides a beast that has been heavily decorated and is well-disciplined. Servants of the grephs The grephs use the humans they harvest from different planets in the same way as the humans on Aerlith use the Dragons. Since humans breed more slowly than grephs, they are less diverse than the Dragons. In the story, the humans encounter the following types: Heavy Troopers. Short and squat, these are the infantry soldiers of the grephs. They use various weapons, ranging from "blasters" to swords, and are equipped with body armor. One Heavy Trooper is typically able to defeat a single Termagant in hand-to-hand combat. Weaponeers. These are similar to the men of Aerlith. They are in charge of advanced weapons, as their name implies. They are also used as go-betweens in negotiations. Giants. Described as "twice the size of a man", they have body armor and can carry large "energy projectors". However they are no match for the Juggers in hand-to-hand combat. Trackers. Bred for a highly developed sense of smell, they are used to find opponents who are hiding. They have enlarged noses and weak or nonexistent chins. They are agile and can climb quickly. Mounts. These are humans bred to run on all fours and carry a greph on their backs. Matrons. These are seen in the dormitories where the humans captured by the grephs are kept. Mechanics. Described as small and sharp-featured, these are the maintenance crews on the greph ships. Release details New York: Ace Books, 1963, Paperback (Ace Double F-185 bound with The Five Gold Bands) London: Dennis Dobson, 1965, Hardback (first separate edition) References Sources External links The Dragon Masters on the Internet Archive 1963 short stories Science fiction short stories Hugo Award for Best Short Story winning works Short stories by Jack Vance Works originally published in Galaxy Science Fiction Ace Books books 1963 novels 1963 science fiction novels	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dragon%20Masters
Captain Ron is a 1992 American comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt, produced by David Permut, and co-written by John Dwyer and Thom Eberhardt for Touchstone Pictures. It stars Kurt Russell as the eponymous sailor with a quirky personality and a checkered past, and Martin Short as an upper-middle class, suburban family man who hires him to sail a yacht through the Caribbean with he and his family. Mary Kay Place, Meadow Sisto and Benjamin Salisbury also star as his wife and children. Plot Martin Harvey is a middle-aged office worker who lives in Chicago with his wife, Katherine, 16-year-old daughter, Caroline, and 11-year-old son, Ben. When he learns his recently deceased uncle has bequeathed him a 60-foot sailboat once owned by Clark Gable, he decides to take his family to the island of St. Pomme de Terre ("Saint Potato") to retrieve it so he can sell it. Katherine resists the idea, but agrees after Caroline announces she has just become engaged. When the Harveys arrive at the island, they discover that the boat, Wanderer, is in terrible condition. Upon hearing this, the yacht broker cancels his plan to send an experienced captain to help them sail it to Miami, and instead hires a local sailor, Captain Ron Rico, a one-eyed man with a very laid back attitude, and Navy veteran who claims to have piloted USS Saratoga. He launches immediately when he sees the car he arrived in roll off the dock and sink and its owner arrives at the dock and shoots at him. Captain Ron takes Ben's money in a game of Monopoly, giving him beer to drink and charging him for it later, but shows loyalty to Martin, who he refers to as "Boss". Martin, who doesn't like him, calls him "Moron" in his diary, and believes that he doesn't know what he's doing. The Harveys decide to stop off in the Caribbean, but learn that Captain Ron doesn't know how to navigate. While on a random island, Martin decides to go on a nature hike, but runs into guerrillas led by General Armando. Captain Ron bargains for Martin's freedom by giving them a lift to the next island, and receiving some firearms in return to fight off pirates. This angers Martin, as he declares there will be no firearms on his yacht and tosses them overboard, before realizing that without them, he is going to have to give the guerrillas a lift. In the yacht's cabin, Katherine shows Martin the initials of Clark Gable and Carole Lombard marked on the bedpost. They are so excited that they share their feelings and have passionate sex. When they arrive at their next destination, at a non-USA "San Juan", Martin and Katherine are arrested for smuggling the guerrillas. Caroline and Ben party with the locals and Captain Ron, which ends with Caroline getting a tattoo, Ben breaking his glasses, and Captain Ron losing his glass eye. Martin and Katherine are released from jail, but forced to leave that night. Martin decides to leave Captain Ron behind and they encounter pirates who steal the yacht, and are stuck floating in a raft. They land in Cuba and discover the yacht there. The pirates find them, but with the help of Captain Ron, they are able to escape with the yacht. Captain Ron learns that they underrate Martin, and he decides to play hurt, forcing Martin to take control of the escape. Using the skills that Captain Ron taught them, they are able to get the sails up after the engine breaks from lack of oil to distance themselves from the pirates. The United States Coast Guard, responding to a distress call from Ron, arrives and stops the pirates, creating a safe passage to Miami. They arrive in Miami and part ways with Captain Ron. As they sail to their destination, they decide to turn the yacht around and keep it. In the final scene, Captain Ron appears to have cleaned up his appearance and has quickly taken on a new role as a captain for a wealthy couple and their small motorboat. Notably he is no longer wearing an eye patch. Cast Kurt Russell as Captain Ron Rico Martin Short as Martin Harvey Mary Kay Place as Katherine Harvey Meadow Sisto as Caroline Harvey Benjamin Salisbury as Ben Harvey Sunshine Logroño as General Armando (as Emannuel Logrono) Jorge Luis Ramos as General Armando's Translator J.A. Preston as Magistrate Tanya Soler as Angeline Raúl Estela as Roscoe Jainardo Batista as Mamba Dan Butler as Bill Zachery Tom McGowan as Bill Roselyn Sanchez as Clarisse Paul Anka as Donaldson, Yacht Broker Shanti Kahn as Patti, Donaldson's Secretary Katherine Calzada as Barbara John Scott Clough as Garth Marty Eli Schwartz as Supervisor Craig Rondell as Caroline's Fiance C.M. Talkington (credited as Clement Talkington) as the Bicycle Messenger Production The film was retitled twice before release. First it was titled Don't Rock the Boat, and then it was retitled On the Wanderer, before it was released as Captain Ron. Reception Box office The film grossed $22.5 million, against its budget of $24 million. Critical response The film premiered on September 18, 1992 to negative reviews from critics. It was panned for putting Russell in the comedic role and Short in the serious one, while others felt that Russell's fun performance as the irresponsible and sometimes unsympathetic yacht captain carried it through its flaws. It has a score of 26% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 23 reviews with an average rating of 4.3 out of 10. It has long, however, found a niche among sailors, and given the dearth of nautical comedies, had a resurgence of interest in the film during the mid-2010s. In 2016, Tammy Kennon of USA Today referred to the film as a "sailing cult classic" and suggested that the film might contain "the most widely celebrated ketch in pop culture". Salisbury and Sisto were each nominated for a Young Artist Award. Noah Segan has cited the character of Captain Ron as an inspiration for his performance as Derol in the film Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery. References External links 1992 films 1992 comedy films 1990s American films 1990s English-language films American comedy films Films directed by Thom Eberhardt Films scored by Nicholas Pike Films set in the Caribbean Films set in Chicago Films set in Cuba Films set in Miami Films set in Puerto Rico Films shot in Chicago Sailing films Touchstone Pictures films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Ron
Ervin Hatibi, Albanian poet, essayist and painter. Hatibi was born in Tirana, Albania, on May 31, 1974. At the age of 14, Hatibi published his first poems in the literary pages of the main newspapers of the epoch. His first poetry collection Përditë Shoh Qiellin, Naim Frashëri, Tirana prefaced by Ismail Kadare, was published in 1989 when he was only 15 and was widely acclaimed by the critics of the communist regime. At that time, following the sudden fame of the young author and his grooming as future national poet of the communist state, the National Film Studios of Albania "Shqiperia e Re", produced a documentary film on his works, entitled "The 15 Year Old Poet". Early career His first painting exhibition was held in spring 1991 at the National Gallery of Fine Arts. In 1992, while finishing up his studies at the School of Foreign Languages "Asim Vokshi" in Tirana, Ervin Hatibi co-founded the literary avant-garde magazine "e per-7-shme". In the ensuing years, he wrote extensively on matters of social and literary import, and also actively took part in youth movements, which preceded the democratic changes in his country. He wrote memorable lyrics for well-known pop singers and bands in Tirana, and had his own share of rock scene with his band, as a front man. Education Having finished his studies in Albanian Literature & Language at the University of Tirana, and before moving to Jordan with the purpose of studying the Arabic language and Islamic Theology, Ervin Hatibi published his second and most notorious poetry collection 6, Tirana, 1995. From that point on his poetry was published in various anthologies on major Albanian poets: Anthology of Albanian Poetry, in Macedonian, Republic of Macedonia, 1998, Anthology of Contemporary Italian and Albanian Poetry, in Italian & Albanian, Italy, 1998, Three Albanian Poets, in Spanish, Spain, 2003, Lightning from the Depths: An Anthology of Albanian Poetry, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois, 2008, in English. During these years he served as editor in chief of Drita Islame magazine of the Muslim Community of Albania but resigned from his post as editor in chief of Drita Islame after the murder of Salih Tivari, the secretary general of Muslim Community. Writings His most recent collection of poems, Pasqyra e Lëndës (Table of Contents), came out in 2004 in Albania. This book and many of his essays after 2000 reflect strong Islamic overtones. Along the years Ervin Hatibi's writing has progressively intensified in the genre of essays. He has periodically written and published articles and essays in all major newspapers and magazines in Albanian: the leading Albanian newspaper Shekulli and the historical Albanian Macedonian magazine Lobi, Bota Shqiptare, in Italy and Fjala, in Albania, have also frequently been tribunes of his writings. Ervin Hatibi has written in length on issues related to culture, religion and arts. His collection of essays, Republick of Albanania, Albania, 2005, is a colourful collage of some of his best essays written during this past decade where he displays his Sufi Islamic ideals regarding the reshape of the Albanian society. Ervin Hatibi has exhibited his works in Paris, France 2003, Ferrara, Italy 2004, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2004, Istanbul, Turkey 2008. In 2007 he was called upon by the National Gallery of Fine Arts and the Ministry of Culture of Albania to curate the yearly international visual arts contest Onufri '07, Albania's most important visual art event. Works Përditë Shoh Qiellin, Naim Frashëri, Tirana, 1989 Poezi, Marlin Barleti, Tirana, 1995 Pasqyra e Lëndës, Ora, Tirana, 2004 Republick of Albanania, Ora, Tirana, 2005 References 1. Ervin Hatibi – Transcript 2. Ervin Hatibi në www.albanianliterature.net (nga Robert Elsie) 3. External links Ervin Hatibi Modern painters Albanian painters 20th-century Albanian poets Living people Writers from Tirana Artists from Tirana 21st-century Albanian poets Albanian male poets Year of birth missing (living people) 20th-century male writers 21st-century male writers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervin%20Hatibi
Mark Frederick Bruener (born September 16, 1972) is a former American football tight end of the National Football League (NFL), and a current college scout for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers 27th overall in the 1995 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Washington. Bruener played nine seasons with the Steelers followed by five with the Houston Texans. He retired following the 2008 season. He formerly served on the NFL Players Association Executive Committee. As of 2018, he serves as a scout for the Steelers. College career Bruener played at the University of Washington from 1991-1994 and proved himself as a reliable receiver and willing blocker in the running game. 1991: 5 catches for 57 yards. 1992: 21 catches for 210 yards. 1993: 30 catches for 414 yards with 3 TD. 1994: 34 catches for 331 yards with 1 TD. Professional career Bruener was drafted in the first round with the 27th overall pick in the 1995 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played with the Steelers for nine seasons before signing with the Houston Texans. Bruener was primarily a blocking tight end rather than a pass-catcher, and finished his NFL career with 152 catches. NFL Career Statistics Regular season Playoffs Personal life Bruener and his wife Traci live in Washington with their two daughters, Allie and Chloe, and three sons, Carson, Braydon, and Hudson. Bruener is Catholic. References External links Houston Texans bio 1972 births Living people People from Aberdeen, Washington American football tight ends American Roman Catholics Players of American football from Washington (state) Washington Huskies football players Pittsburgh Steelers players Houston Texans players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Bruener
Black River Falls High School is a public school serving grades 9 through 12 in Black River Falls, Wisconsin, United States. Administration The principal is Kimberly Penza. Nate Erickson is the assistant principal. Academics Black River Falls High School offers courses in English, special education, math, science, social studies, family and consumer education, and more. The Black River Falls technology education department includes CAD, woodworking, metals, and auto mechanics. Extra-curricular activities Extra-curricular clubs include Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA), National Honor Society, Student Senate, and its student media--The Breeze, Paw Print Online, and Channel 97. Sports Black River Falls is a Division 3 high school in the Coulee Conference. Sports offered include football, basketball, cheerleading, baseball, volleyball, tennis, cross country, track, wrestling, golf, softball, and hockey. In the 2007 spring season, the BRFHS golf team qualified for the state meet, finishing seventh out of eight in the competition. Notable alumni Larry D. Gilbertson, politician and lawyer Mark Radcliffe, politician and lawyer Jack Taylor, holds the National Collegiate Athletic Association all-divisions basketball record for most points in a single game (138) Gallery References External links Black River Falls High School Public high schools in Wisconsin Schools in Jackson County, Wisconsin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20River%20Falls%20High%20School
Spinney Hill is an area of Northampton, England, to the north of the town, in the Parklands ward. It is bordered by a semi-wild park area called Bradlaugh Fields, another more traditional park, allotments and a residential area. Amenities include shops, a pub (called "The Spinney Hill"), Northampton School for Girls, a comprehensive secondary school with academy status, and primary and nursery schools. The Post Office has relocated to Sweet Machine on Churchill Avenue. The population is included in the Eastfield ward of Northampton Council. History Sir Philip Manfield (a shoe manufacturer) had a substantial mansion built on Kettering Road for himself and his family between 1899 and 1902. James Manfield gave the house for a hospital and it opened as a "hospital for crippled children." It became an orthopedic hospital for all ages and closed as a hospital in 1992. The main building was then converted into apartments and renamed "Manfield Grange". The Spinney Hill pub was built in 1936 by the Northampton Brewery Company. From 1937 until 1947 their tenants were Bertha Wilmott, a singing star of variety theatre and radio, and her husband Reg Seymour. At that time it was a hotel offering accommodation and a famous hotel guest in 1943 was Hollywood film star Clark Gable, while he was a captain in the US army. Areas of Northampton	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinney%20Hill
Billy Riley (22 June 1896 – 27 August 1977) was an English practitioner and teacher of catch wrestling. As a trainer in the sport, he taught some of the leading post-World War II figures in catch wrestling at his training school "The Snake Pit" in Wigan, Lancashire, England. Early days During his days as a moulder in the Lancashire town of Wigan, Riley trained with the local miners in the art of Lancashire catch-as-catch-can wrestling, one of the roughest and most loved sports of the region. The tough Wigan native soon began showing extraordinary submission skills. Riley was known to be a devastating "hooker" and it showed in his wrestling matches as he soon gained notoriety for breaking his opponent's arms. During the 1930s Riley travelled to Africa to capture a British Empire championship from Jack Robinson. The Snake Pit Riley decided to teach catch wrestling in Wigan. He bought a small plot of land in the 1950s on Pyke Street in the town and with the help of his students, built a gymnasium on the land. Billy Riley's gym became known as the Snake Pit. The gym soon became popular for producing some of the most skilled catch wrestlers in the world. Men such as Karl Gotch (Istaz), Bert Assirati, Melvin Riss (Harold Winstanley), John Foley, Jack Dempsey (Tommy Moore), Billy Joyce (Bob Robinson), Billy Robinson and Billy Riley's son Ernie Riley all attended The Snake Pit. Reopening When the son of a former student, Roy Wood, and the son of Wood's friend wanted to learn wrestling they traveled to Wigan, only to see the school in complete disrepair. The roof had literally caved in. With the help of locals, Roy Wood managed to get the gym started again. Riley's gym was reopened. However, this time, since Roy's son Darren and nephew Paul had wanted to learn, the gym was opened to children. Riley decided to take a seat by the mat and let Wood coach. Teaching the children was a new concept for both Roy and Riley. The results though, soon showed that the teaching at the Snake Pit was still world class. By the age of 10, Darren had won the British Championships alongside local children Paddy Govan, Kevin Govan, Tony Leyland and Neil Maxwell who were also Riley's wrestlers. After competitions, the children would go round to see Riley and his wife, and take the medals and trophies which they had won. Riley died in 1977. Roy Wood and Tommy Heyes kept the Snake Pit running, and the children visited Riley's wife to show her the trophies and achievements made possible by the efforts of her husband. The Aspull Wrestling Club The next major change for the gym came in the mid-1980s, when Yorkshire TV filmed the documentary "First Tuesday - The Wigan Hold". The focus of the film was on the lack of resources available to the otherwise world class British wrestlers. This led to a Sports Council offer to rebuild the site. At the time there were various problems, and it was decided that it would be best to relocate the gym. Roy, therefore, bought a new building a couple of miles up the road in Aspull. It then became named the Aspull Olympic Wrestling Club (AKA Riley's). Osamu Matsunami, a Japanese wrestler with a very keen interest in the history of wrestling, saw the documentary and then saved up and came to England. He spent 6 month periods at a time wrestling at AOWC. He then went on to coach with Billy Robinson in Japan. Roy Wood was soon recognized in Japan as one of the premiere trainers of submission wrestling. Roy was invited to train at the Yokohoma Arena. He was asked to prolong his stay in Japan, where he could train some of the finest athletes in the world, but Roy opted to stay in Aspull. The Aspull Wrestling Club has since then become a hotbed for youngsters and athletes who want to train in submission wrestling catch-as-catch-can style. References External links The Japanese Pro-Wrestling Reality Based Martial Art Connection Website of the film 'Catch - the hold not taken', a documentary on the history of Riley's gym 1890s births 1977 deaths Sportspeople from Wigan British catch wrestlers English male professional wrestlers Professional wrestling trainers 20th-century professional wrestlers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Riley
Luis de Montesinos (1552 – 9 October 1620) was a Spanish theologian. Nothing is known of Montesinos' childhood. As an adult, he joined the Dominican Order and studied philosophy and theology in several Spanish universities. He was known there for both his scholarship and for his piety. After receiving his degree, he began teaching philosophy at university level, eventually becoming the foremost exponent of Thomistic theology at the University of Alcalá. Because of his great ability in persuading and explaining, he was given the surname Doctor clarus. He possessed a singular charm of manner which secured for him at once love and respect. Such was his success in teaching that his lecture hall, though one of the largest in Spain, was too small to admit his audiences. He taught for thirty years, refusing all honors the church wished to give him. Towards the end of his life, he was beset with blindness, but he continued to teach until his death. Montesinos is the author of Commentaria in primam secundae S. Thomae. References 1552 births 1620 deaths Spanish Dominicans 16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians 17th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20de%20Montesinos
Potomac Falls High School is a public secondary school in Sterling, Virginia unincorporated area in Loudoun County. The school is part of the Loudoun County Public Schools system. History Potomac Falls High School opened in 1997. It was the first high school built in the county in 21 years, following Park View's opening in 1976. The high school design for Potomac Falls has been used for every new high school built in Loudoun County since then. Stone Bridge opened in 2000 with Potomac Falls' design, but with a larger auditorium and some additional classrooms. Heritage, Dominion, Briar Woods, Freedom, Woodgrove, Tuscarora, John Champe, also all use the same design. The design remained but was updated for Rock Ridge and Riverside. Lawsuits Demmon v. Loudoun County Public Schools, 342 F.Supp.2d 474 (E.D. Va. 2004) – As a fundraiser, a parent organization offered parents and community members the opportunity to purchase and order inscriptions for paving bricks to be placed in a sidewalk around the flagpoles at Potomac Falls High School. Purchasers could choose text and/or symbols to be inscribed on the bricks. Some purchasers paid to have their bricks inscribed with a Latin cross. After one parent complained, school officials removed from the walkway every brick containing a cross symbol. Case Status – The court held that free speech rights of parents were violated where the school removed bricks inscribed with a Latin cross. The court held that symbols were not school-sponsored speech; and that a walkway where the bricks were displayed constituted a designated or limited public forum and that the school engaged in prohibited “viewpoint discrimination.” The bricks were later reinstated. Demographics In the 2018-2019 year there were 1,634 students enrolled in Potomac Falls High School. Enrollment by race/ethnicity was 50.67% White, 22.34% Hispanic, 12.73% Asian, 8.63% Black, and 5.63% other. Enrollment by gender was 52.39% Male and 47.61% Female. Accreditation and test scores Accreditation Potomac Falls is a fully accredited high school based on its overall performance on the Standards of Learning tests in Virginia. SAT scores The average SAT score in 2006 for Potomac Falls was a 1,555 (532 in Math; 517 in Critical Reading; 506 in Writing). Enrollment history Extracurricular activities Athletics Sports teams play in the 5A Dulles District and Region II. At its opening, the Panthers played in the AAA Concorde District and the Northern Region. Potomac Falls played in the Concorde District nevertheless partly because Park View and Broad Run were also in the Northern Region but played in the Liberty District, and it was assumed that most AA sized high schools in Northern Virginia, like George C. Marshall High School, would play up in AAA. Since Potomac Falls' move to AA in 1999, the athletic teams have enjoyed much success, particularly in their soccer programs. Potomac Falls has won seven AA state titles, two girls soccer titles in 2000 and 2004, one in boys soccer in 2006, one in boys golf in 2001, two in boys basketball in 2010 and 2011, and one in boys tennis in 2002. In 2017, the Varsity girls field hockey team received a regional title, and placed third in the group 5a state tournament. The cheerleaders of Potomac Falls received the regional and district title in 2006, and placed 3rd in the state. In 2008, the cheerleaders also took the district title. The Panther Dancers (Potomac Falls Dance Team) won a state title in their jazz routine in November 2006. The Potomac Falls Boys Cross Country team has consecutively won the Dulles District AA title since the 2001–2002 Season to 2010. As of the end of the 2010 season, it has won 10 Dulles District titles in a row. The Potomac Falls Boys Swim Team won the Dulles District AA Title in the 2002-2003 season, and many swimmers have performed well at the regional and state meets. Matt McLean, a 2006 graduate and member of the swim team, competed at the University of Virginia and was a gold medalist at 2012 London Olympics in the Men's 4x200 Freestyle Relay, the record setting relay that gave Michael Phelps his 19th gold medal. The boys basketball team has been doing very well over the past few years. Greg Graves was named the Virginia High School Coaches Association Division 4 Player of the Year for the state of Virginia for the 2011-2012 season. Lukas Mihailovich was also player of the year, led the Panthers to back to back state titles, and played at James Madison University Band The Potomac Falls band has earned the title of Virginia Honor Band by the Virginia Band and Orchestra Directors Association (VBODA) over eight times since its opening in 1997 (1998–2014)(2012), attaining overall "superior" ratings at both the State Marching Band Festival each of those years. Notable alumni Adrian Tracy, played college football at William & Mary and later played for the New York Giants. (2005 graduate) Matt McLean, won a gold medal in swimming at the 2012 London Olympics. (2006 graduate) Conor Shanosky, played for DC United 2009–2014. (2009 graduate) Bret Halsey, played college soccer at the University of Virginia, defender for Real Salt Lake and FC Cincinnati 2. (2018 graduate) Nate Savino, played college baseball at the University of Virginia, professional baseball pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks. (2019 graduate) Notes Public high schools in Virginia Educational institutions established in 1997 Northern Virginia Scholastic Hockey League teams Schools in Loudoun County, Virginia 1997 establishments in Virginia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac%20Falls%20High%20School
Allan Hogan (born 1943) is a veteran Australian investigative journalist. Hogan studied commerce at the University of New South Wales and became interested in journalism when he got involved with the university paper. He started work at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and was a founding reporter for the ABC Radio program AM, and worked on such programs as This Day Tonight, and Four Corners, as both a reporter and producer, working with other well-known journalists such as George Negus and Ray Martin. During this time, he reported from the Vietnam War and conducted interviews with such infamous characters as Idi Amin. He was the only Australian journalist to interview Amin. In 1978 Hogan joined the Nine Network as supervising producer of 60 Minutes and in 1980 was the founding executive producer of the now defunct Sunday program. In 2005 he was the executive producer of SBS TV's Insight program. In 2007 he joined Andrew Denton's company Zapruder's Other Films as a script editor to work on Enough Rope with Andrew Denton. Immediately prior to his retirement in 2014, Hogan was the supervising producer on SBS TV's Dateline program. Hogan is married to Jess, lives in , New South Wales and is the President of The Glebe Society. References 1943 births Living people Australian television producers University of New South Wales alumni	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20Hogan

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