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David Charles Brown (February 22, 1933 – June 15, 2009) was an American basketball coach who briefly coached the Dallas Chaparrals of the American Basketball Association in 1973. He was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin and graduated from Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart in Madison, Wisconsin.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Dave Brown
1933 births
2009 deaths
Dallas Chaparrals head coaches
Basketball coaches from Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Green Bay, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Brown%20%28basketball%29 |
Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal C. trifida, the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).
Most species are putatively parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they have never been successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. Most species produce little or no chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida, which has some chlorophyll and is able to fix CO2. However, this species also depends primarily on fungal associations for carbon acquisition.
List of species
Many species names have been proposed that are now considered synonyms of other species, or members of other genera. Species accepted as members of Corallorhiza as of :
See also
Neottia
Pterospora
References
External links
Myco-heterotrophic orchids
Calypsoinae genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corallorhiza |
The 50-episode anime series Digimon Frontier, produced by Toei Animation in 2002, is the fourth series in the Digimon franchise. It does not follow the plot of any of its three predecessors, Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02 and Digimon Tamers. Instead, the story features five children who are prompted by unusual phone messages to go to a subway station and take a train to the Digital World. After two secondary characters, Bokomon and Neemon, reveal that the Digital World is in danger, the children gain the power to transform into Digimon in order to stop the forces seeking to destroy the Digital World. The series was directed by Yukio Kaikawa and written by Sukehiro Tomita and Akatsuki Yamatoya, featuring music by Takanori Arisawa.
The season aired 50 episodes on Fuji TV in Japan from April 7, 2002, to March 30, 2003. Unlike the previous three series, Digimon Frontier aired on UPN in the United States, beginning on September 9, 2002, to July 14, 2003, and later re-aired on ABC Family Channel. In Canada, the series aired on YTV. The series was also scheduled to air in the United Kingdom on Fox Kids UK, though the scheduling plans were eventually cancelled and never aired on the programming block, being instead taken over by Transformers Armada. On 27 February 2007, this series of Digimon was first aired in Australia on Toasted TV despite that it was already shown on Cheez TV in 2003. The Latino American version was first aired from March to June 2003 on weekdays at 8:30 p.m. (-4 GMT) on Fox Kids. The first four episodes were aired on Sunday during the Digimon Tamers marathon.
Kōji Wada's song "FIRE!!" was used as the opening theme for the series. The two ending themes were "Innocent ~Mujaki na Mama de~", by Kōji Wada, and "an Endless tale" by Kōji Wada and Ai Maeda.
The fourth season of Digimon: Digital Monsters (aka Digimon Frontier) was formerly licensed by Disney's Sensation Animation in North America, and was also formerly distributed by Buena Vista Television and BVS Entertainment, also in North America, when it aired on Disney's One Too on UPN, Toon Disney and ABC Family Channel. After the first four seasons of Digimon, Disney and BVS Entertainment had lost the rights to continue dubbing Digimon, the rest of Digimon was handled and dubbed in English by Studiopolis before Saban Brands’s acquisition of Digimon, for Example, the un-dubbed four Digimon movies were dubbed by Studiopolis: Revenge of Diaboromon (DA02), Battle of Adventurers (DT), Runaway Locomon (DT) and Island of the Lost Digimon (DF) in 2005 and the fifth TV season, Digimon Data Squad in 2007.
Episode list
Volume DVDs
North American Release
New Video Group released a complete DVD box set release of Frontier on September 10, 2013. Like previous releases, it is an 8-disc, English dub collection.
Japanese Release
See also
Digimon
Notes
Digimon Frontier
2002 Japanese television seasons
2003 Japanese television seasons
Frontier | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Digimon%20Frontier%20episodes |
Poblacion (literally "town" or "settlement" in Spanish; ) is the common term used for the administrative center, central, downtown, old town or central business district area of a Philippine city or municipality, which may take up the area of a single barangay or multiple barangays. It is sometimes shortened to Pob.
History
During the Spanish rule, the colonial government founded hundreds of towns and villages across the archipelago modeled on towns and villages in Spain. The authorities often adopted a policy of Reducción, for the resettlement of inhabitants in far-flung scattered barangays to move into a centralized cabecera (town/district capital) where a newly built church and an ayuntamiento (town hall) were situated. This allowed the government to defend, control and Christianize the indigenous population, to conduct population counts, and to collect taxes.
Features
The población is considered the commercial and industrial center of the city or municipality. Most citizens of a city or municipality residing in the outlying barangays and satellite sitios flock to the población on market days (which is set by a local ordinance of the local government) because most local products and goods from the barrios are brought to the public market located in the población. In this way their products could be sold faster by a wide range of buyers, though there are instances where some citizens would choose to go to another town's población because it is closer to their residences. In some cities and towns, the población (usually the areas surrounding the parish church) doubles as an old town district that features one or more of a few remaining Spanish-built structures in the country. There are also some cases of cities that have multiple poblaciónes, like Iloilo City, where each geographical district has its own, as they were former independent municipalities during the Spanish era.
The cabecera (or the población of a municipio/pueblo) has a basic plan, with a plaza mayor, church and attached convento, civic buildings such as the town hall, and houses of prominent Spaniards.
Other features include the public market, the central elementary school and high school, police station, and hospital.
See also
Barangay
Purok
Sitio
References
Barangays of the Philippines
Spanish words and phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacion |
Dactylorhiza viridis, the frog orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae. It has also been treated as the only species Coeloglossum viride of the monotypic genus Coeloglossum.
Description
The plant arises from fleshy, forked roots and ranges in height from 10 to 55 cm. The leaves of D. viridis are 5–14 cm long and 2–7 cm wide; leaves at the base of the orchid are obovate to elliptical, while leaves higher on the stem become lanceolate. Two to six leaves are found on one plant, and leafing is alternate.
The inflorescence of the orchid is a dense raceme (spike-like cluster) containing 7 to 70 small flowers. Flowers are greenish in color, and often tinged with purple, reddish, or red-brown color. The flowers are subtended by conspicuous long, tapering bracts which are 1–6 cm long, with the lower bracts longer and typically greatly exceeding the length of the flower. The sepals are oval with little or no point, 3–7 mm long and 2–4 mm wide and dark green. The sepals join with the petals to form a hood opposite the labellum (lower petal) of the flower. Petals are long and narrow, 3.5–5 mm long and about 0.5 mm wide, and curve inwards. The labellum is strap-shaped and usually split at the very tip to form two or three tooth-like divisions, with the middle tooth smaller than the others. It is 5–11 mm long and 1–4 mm wide. A 2–3 mm long nectar spur projects behind the labellum.
Dactylorhiza viridis flowers in late May and early June. It is either pollinated by bees and small wasps, or reproduces autogamously by incoherent pollinia; that is, the pollinia crumble and some pollen falls on the stigma, fertilizing the flower.
In North America, Dactylorhiza viridis can be mistaken for Platanthera flava (the pale green orchid), but can be best distinguished by the labellum, which is notched at the apex and does not have the tubercle of P. flava.
Distribution
Dactylorhiza viridis has a wide distribution across the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere, covering much of Europe, non-tropical Asia (Russia, Japan, China, the Himalayas, etc.), much of Canada and parts of the United States (Alaska, Northeast, the Appalachians, Great Lakes Region, Northern Great Plains, and Rocky Mountains). It is typically found growing in moist, rich soil in wet meadows, moist or wet deciduous woods and thickets, and is frequently found on steep slopes.
Ecology
Dactylorhiza viridis is mainly pollinated by beetles and a wide range of Hymenoptera including ants.
This orchid species is able to form symbiotic partnerships with a variety of mycorrhizal fungi including Ceratobasidium sp., Epulorhiza anaticulata, Moniliopsis anomala, Rhizoctonia sp., Tulasnella cucumeris and Tulasnella calospora.
Chemistry
The chemistry of a variety that has been known as bracteatum is complex, featuring a wealth of bioactive constituents, at least seven of which are peculiar to the plant. Known compounds found thus far to be present are 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (=Gastrodigenin), 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (see Xenoestrogen), 4-(4-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl alcohol, gastrodin, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside (see Flavonol glycoside), thymidine, loroglossin, militarine, dactylorhin A, dactylorhin B, β-Sitosterol and daucosterol.
References
External links
Den virtuella floran - Distribution
Acta Plantarum
viridis
Orchids of Asia
Orchids of Europe
Orchids of North America
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylorhiza%20viridis |
Peter Van Greenaway (1927 – 1988) was a British novelist, the author of numerous thrillers with elements of horror and satire.
He was born and educated in London, worked briefly in commercial art and acted in theatre.
Novels
Van Greenaway's first novel, The Crucified City, is the story of the aftermath of a nuclear attack on London. A motley group of people, accompanied by a mysterious, apparently mute man, undertake a last pilgrimage to Aldermaston. The action of the book takes place at Easter, and it appears that the mute, the last survivor, is the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
Several of Van Greenaway's books are topical political thrillers. Take the War to Washington deals with the Vietnam War, and Suffer! Little Children with the Troubles in Northern Ireland. In The Man Who Held the Queen to Ransom and Sent Parliament Packing, a British army captain stages a coup d'état in the United Kingdom; the government he attempts to establish is seen as more democratic and far more benign than the establishment he (temporarily) overthrows.
Other of his novels incorporate elements of science fiction. In Manrissa Man, vivisection experiments result in a highly advanced species of ape which can reason and talk, while in Mutants a national emergency results from the production of a rapacious species of mouse.
Van Greenaway is probably best known for The Medusa Touch, which was made into a film starring Richard Burton. The story of a radically disenchanted novelist with highly destructive telekinetic powers. The Medusa Touch is one of several books featuring the character Inspector Cherry of Scotland Yard.
Critical Appraisal
The dialogue in The Medusa Touch was described by Kim Newman as "incredibly misanthropic".
Van Greenaway's writing is described in his Encyclopedia of Science Fiction entry as "the astringent, side-of-the-mouth pessimistic voice which became a trademark".
Bibliography
The Crucified City (1962)
The Evening Fool (1964)
The Man Who Held the Queen to Ransom and Sent Parliament Packing (1968)
Judas! (1972, aka The Judas Gospel)
The Medusa Touch (1973)
Take the War to Washington (1974)
Doppelganger (1975)
Suffer! Little Children (1976)
A Man Called Scavener (1978)
The Destiny Man (1979)
The Dissident (1980)
"Cassandra" Bell (1981)
Edgar Allan Who? Tales of Detection, Mystery and Horror (1981)
The Lazarus Lie (1982)
Manrissa Man (1982)
Graffiti (1983)
The Immortal Coil (1985)
Mutants (1986)
The Killing Cup (1987)
References
External links
English thriller writers
English mystery writers
English horror writers
1929 births
1988 deaths
20th-century English novelists
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Van%20Greenaway |
Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, is a non-photosynthetic orchid, native to Europe, Russia, with sporadic presence in North-Africa, and some parts of the Middle East.
Description
Neottia nidus-avis grows to tall and each shoot can carry up to 60 flowers. Plants are not in any part green, deriving all their nutrition from a mycorrhizal fungus in the soil/litter, which in turn derives nutrition from the roots of trees. Plants are generally beige-brown, though sometimes yellowish or white forms are discovered. The flower labellum splits and strongly diverges at its lower end. This species of orchid can be hard to spot, being camouflaged against the leaf litter.
Across Europe, this species flowers May-June.
Distribution and habitat
It is widespread across most of Europe, occurring also in Algeria, Tunisia, western Siberia, the Caucasus, Iran and Turkey.
In the British Isles, Neottia nidus-avis is found in shady woodland, especially beech, on basic soils. Its conservation status in the UK is near-threatened.
Ecology
Neottia nidus-avis has been found to flourish only in partnership with mycorrhizal fungi in the genus Sebacina, particularly Sebacina dimitica in the UK.
Pollination is carried out by Diptera and possibly also ants. Self-pollination may occur if insects do not pollinate the plants.
Taxonomy
The Latin binomial Neottia nidus-avis, as well as the common names of this orchid in several languages, derive from a comparison of the tangled roots of the plant to a bird's nest.
Twayblade orchids were recently reassigned to the genus Neottia after scientists found that they were closely related to N. nidus-avis.
References
External links
Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. var. manshurica Kom.
nidus-avis
Orchids of Europe
Orchids of Asia
Flora of North Africa
Myco-heterotrophic orchids
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neottia%20nidus-avis |
This is a complete list of episodes from the anime series Digimon Data Squad. As it currently stands, Digimon Data Squad is the shortest series in the franchise to date, and ends with 48 episodes. The series ran in Japan on Fuji TV from April 2006 to March 2007, and in the United States on Jetix from October 2007 to November 2008.
This series uses two opening themes in the original Japanese version. "Gou-ing! Going! My Soul!" is used as the opening theme of the first half and the second opening song, "Hirari", is used in the remaining episodes.
Episode list
Volume DVDs
North American Release
New Video Group released a complete DVD box set release on March 11, 2014. Like previous releases, it is an 8-disc, English dub collection.
Notes
Starting from episode 30, a new opening sequence is used. This is the first time, in any Digimon series, that a second, completely different, opening sequence is used. The second opening features the DATS in their new attire, the Digivice Burst using the Air Signal, Ikuto and Falcomon, the Royal Knights, Masaru's father, BanchoLeomon, Masaru's dogtag enlarged, and heavily features the Mega leveled Digimon in action.
References
Digimon Data Squad
2006 Japanese television seasons
2007 Japanese television seasons
Data Squad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Digimon%20Data%20Squad%20episodes |
Pall Corporation, headquartered in Port Washington, New York and a wholly owned subsidiary of Danaher Corporation since 2015, is a global supplier of filtration, separations and purification products. Total revenues for fiscal year 2014 were $2.8 billion, with $103 million spent on R&D. Pall Corporation's business is split into two broad groups: Life Sciences (c.51%) and Industrial (c.49%). These business groups provide fluid management products and systems to customers in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, transfusion medicine, energy, electronics, municipal and industrial water purification, aerospace, transportation and broad industrial markets.
The company was founded by David B. Pall in 1946 as Micro Metallic Corporation.
History
Founded in 1946 as Micro Metallic Corporation.
In 1953, Pall purchased an industrial building at 30 Sea Cliff Ave, Glen Cove, NY (occupied until 1999). In 1958, Pall Corporation constructed a building at 36 Sea Cliff Ave (occupied it until 1971, when Pall Corporation sold the building to August Thomsen).
The company was renamed Pall Corp in 1957. In 1958 Pall began to develop filters for use in aircraft hydraulics, applied to the landing gears of American Airlines Boeing 707s. Then, Pall developed filters to purify jet fuel.
Through the 1960s, the business expanded, with sales of $6.7 million in 1960. Pall Europe Limited formed in 1966.
Pall Cortland was established in 1961, purchased from Trinity Equipment Company.
In the 1970s, Pall became a leader in fine filtration. Sales reached $88 million in 1978. Major contribution in medical applications.
Pall played a major role in the cleanup of the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear accident.
The company continued to grow in the 80's and 90's, adding applications and products. In the mid-80's, Pall contributed to the construction of the Eurotunnel under the English Channel, providing solutions to hydraulic operations needed to bore through the channel bedrock. In 1988, they began selling a filter for blood transfusions that reduced leukocyte levels below all other existing filters. Centrisep air cleaners were integrated into U.S. Army and Royal Air Force (UK) helicopters to reduce sand and dust out of engines during Operation Desert Storm in 1991.
In 1997 the company acquired Gelman sciences, and in 1998, Pall acquired German company Rochem.
In response to an article in Forbes magazine about dioxane in Michigan, Farsad Fotouhi, VP of Life Sciences division, responded "Pall is in full compliance with the Consent Judgment it entered with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), which serves as the legal framework for the cleanup." Later in 2013, Scio Township Supervisor Clark said he's heard from Fotouhi that there will be a staff of about 20 people that will remain on the site.
On May 31, 2015, Danaher Corporation announced it would acquire Pall Corporation. The transaction closed in August 2015, with Danaher paying $127.20 per share or about $13.8 billion. The acquisition was completed on August 31, 2015.
In September 2022, it was announced that Pall Life Sciences will be merging with Cytiva to create a new Biotechnology Group within Danaher.
Details
Today, the company is divided into two separate, integrated businesses: Pall Life Sciences and Pall Industries.
The Scientific & Lab Services employed 175 people worldwide at 29 locations, in 2011. The R&D group has 12 sites, with seven in the United States. The main industrial technical center is at Cortland, NY.
Pall has plants in New Port Richey, DeLand, Florida, Cortland, New York, Timonium, Maryland, Fajardo, Puerto Rico, Ilfracombe, Portsmouth and locations around the world. In 2013 it announced plans to close its plants in Ann Arbor and Fort Myers, Florida.
Achievements
1990: Dr. Pall is awarded the National Medal of Technology for patenting and commercializing over 100 filtration and other fluid clarification products beneficial to society and for building Pall Corporation into a global company.
2008: Dr. Pall is posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his invention of the leukoreduction filter.
2009: Pall Corporation is named one of the greenest companies in America in Newsweek’s September 28 issue. The company was ranked second in the industrial goods sector and 47th among America's largest companies.
2011: Pall Corporation is awarded the Engineering Materials Achievement Award (EMAA) by ASM International. The company was recognized for its porous iron aluminide technology.
2011: Pall Corporation is named a top green company in Newsweek's third annual Green Rankings. The company was ranked fifth in the capital goods sector and 69th among the U.S. 500 list.
References
External links
Pall Corporation official site
50 years of Pall
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Industrial machine manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1946
American brands
2015 mergers and acquisitions
Pall Corp.
Manufacturing companies based in New York (state)
1946 establishments in New York (state)
Danaher subsidiaries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pall%20Corporation |
Esposito () is an Italian surname. It ranks fourth among the most widespread surnames in Italy. It is mostly popular in the Campania region, most specifically, in the Naples area. but it has presence even in the rest of Italy
Etymology and history
Etymologically, this surname is thought to derive from Latin (Italian , Old Italian or dialect esposito), which is the past participle of the Latin verb exponere ("to place outside", "to expose") and literally means "placed outside", "exposed". In accordance with the original Latin form, the name is correctly pronounced stressing the antepenultimate syllable (i.e. ); however, it is common among English-speakers to mispronounce it as , placing the stress on the penultimate.
Italian tradition claims that the surname was given to foundlings who were abandoned or placed for adoption and handed over to an orphanage (an Ospizio degli esposti in Italian, literally a "home or hospice of the exposed"). They were called espositi because they would get abandoned and "exposed" in a public place. Some orphanages maintained a so-called Ruota degli esposti (English: "Wheel of the exposed") where abandoned children could be placed. After the unification of Italy, laws were introduced forbidding the practice of giving surnames that reflected a child's origins. A crude meaning is bastard or out of wedlock child.
As a surname, Esposito has produced a number of variants throughout modern Italy, such as D'Esposito, Degli Esposti, Esposti, Esposto, Sposito, etc. Other variants are also found in the Spanish-speaking world, for example Expósito.
Notable people
Alberto Mario Jorge Espósito, Argentine football manager
Andrée Esposito, French opera singer
André Reinaldo de Souza Esposito, better known simply as Andrezinho, Brazilian professional footballer
Angelo Esposito, Canadian ice hockey player
Antonio Esposito, multiple people
Cameron Esposito, American comedian
Carlos Esposito, Argentine former football referee
Chloe Esposito, Australian Pentathlete
Christian Esposito, Italian-Australian footballer
Dennis Esposito, Italian footballer
Dino Esposito, an MSDN magazine columnist
Ester Expósito, Spanish actress and model
Felissa Rose Esposito, Italian-American actress
Franck Esposito, French swimmer
Frank Esposito, multiple people
Gaetano Esposito, Italian painter
Giancarlo Esposito, American actor
Giani Esposito, French film actor and singer-songwriter
Gino Esposito, a fictional character on the Australian soap opera Neighbours
Homero Expósito, Argentine poet and tango songwriter
Iosu Expósito, Spanish musician
Javier Esposito, a fictional character on the American comedy-drama television series Castle
Jennifer Esposito, American actress
Joe Esposito, multiple people
Joseph Esposito, multiple people
John Esposito, American professor at Georgetown University
Juan Esposito-Garcia, Argentine priest
Juan José Expósito Ruiz, Spanish footballer
Larry W. Esposito, American planetary astronomer
Mariana Espósito, Argentine actress and singer
Mario Esposito (scholar), scholar of Hiberno-Latin literature, son of Michele Esposito
Mark Esposito, Swiss Economist and Professor of Business and Economics at Harvard University and Hult International Business School
Mauro Esposito, Italian footballer
Mary Ann Esposito, American cooking show host
Max Esposito, Australian modern pentathlete
Michele Esposito, Italian-born musical composer and pianist who lived most of his professional life in Dublin, Ireland
Mike Esposito, multiple people
Monica Esposito, Scholar of Chinese religion
Pablo Despósito, Argentine footballer
Phil Esposito, Canadian ice hockey player
Phillip T. Esposito, US Army Captain, homicide victim
Raffaele Esposito, Italian tavern owner
Ralph Esposito, Podiatric surgeon
Roberto Esposito, Italian philosopher
Rosario Francesco Esposito, Italian Roman Catholic priest
Salvatore Esposito, multiple people
Sammy Esposito, American baseball player and college baseball coach
Sebastiano Esposito, Italian footballer
Tony Esposito, Canadian ice hockey goalie and younger brother of Phil Esposito
Tony Esposito, musician, singer-songwriter and drummer from Italy
Unai Expósito, Spanish footballer
Vincenzo Esposito, Italian basketball coach
Vincenzo Esposito, Italian footballer and coach
References
Italian-language surnames
Surnames from nicknames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esposito |
Himantoglossum hircinum, the lizard orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus Himantoglossum found in Europe and North Africa.
Description
Himantoglossum hircinum is a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching a height of . It persists in the soil as a pair of ovoid/subglobose tubers, with short roots. Its leaves are 5–20 cm long, with basal leaves larger than aerial leaves and the plant is glabrous. Flowers are green-white with a long twisting/coiled labellum which may be tinged with a variety of colours; white, green, purple or brown. Flowers strongly smell of male goats.
A similar looking species called Himantoglossum adriaticum is found in Eastern Europe.
Habitat and distribution
This orchid grows in dry meadows, rocky areas, and open woods. It tends to grow on south-facing grassy slopes, among Bromus and Brachypodium grasses. In France it is often found on roadsides. In the United Kingdom it grows to a maximum altitude of 850m.
This species is found across Europe, from Spain eastwards to the Balkans and in western North Africa. It is usually rare but can sometimes be found in great numbers in suitable habitats. Examples of sites for this species include among sand dunes at Sandwich Bay in the United Kingdom, Massif Central in France and the Mugello Valley in Italy.
Ecology
Himantoglossum hircinum is a food-deceptive orchid species, meaning the flowers generally provide no nectar to their pollinators. The Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland states however that some plants have been found to provide nectar to pollinators, and that it remains unclear which species are the principal pollinators of the lizard orchid, although they suggest Andrena bees.
It has been suggested that H. hircinum is a mycorrhizal generalist, though some have questioned this, due to the species' limited distribution, and the issue remains unresolved.
Chemistry
Orchinol, loroglossol and hircinol are phenanthrenoids that can be isolated from infected Loroglossum hircinum.
Conservation
This is a rare species with protected status in the United Kingdom and Germany and possibly other countries.
Etymology
The 'lizard' in the plant's English common-name refers to the shape and colour of the flowers. The Latin genus Himantoglossum means 'strap-tongue', after the shape of the flower labellum and the species epithet 'hircinum' means 'of goats', after the smell the flowers produce. In German the plant is known as 'Bocks Riemenzunge', which translates as 'buck's (ie. goat's) strap-tongue'. The French name 'l'orchis bouc' means 'buck (ie. goat) orchid'.
References
External links
J. Claessens, J. Kleynen: European orchids – Andrena sp. pollinator of Himantoglossum hircinum
hircinum
Orchids of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himantoglossum%20hircinum |
Japan competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Women
Biathlon
Men
Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay
Women
Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay
1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
2 Starting delay based on 10 km sprint results.
3 One minute added per missed target.
4 Starting delay based on 7.5 km sprint results.
Bobsleigh
Men
Cross-country skiing
Men
Sprint
Pursuit
1 Starting delay based on 10 km C. results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
4 × 10 km relay
Women
Sprint
Pursuit
2 Starting delay based on 5 km C. results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
4 × 5 km relay
Curling
Women's tournament
Group stage
|}
Contestants
Figure skating
Men
Women
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Luge
Men
(Men's) Doubles
Women
Nordic combined
Men's sprint
Events:
large hill ski jumping
7.5 km cross-country skiing
Men's individual
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
15 km cross-country skiing
Men's Team
Four participants per team.
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
5 km cross-country skiing
Short track speed skating
Men
Women
Skeleton
Men
Women
Ski jumping
Men's team large hill
1 Four teams members performed two jumps each.
Snowboarding
Men's halfpipe
Women's parallel giant slalom
Women's halfpipe
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Japan Olympic Committee database
Olympic Winter Games 2002, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 2002 Winter Olympics
2002
Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20at%20the%202002%20Winter%20Olympics |
Gil Stein (born January 9, 1956) is an American archaeologist. He was director of the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago from 2003 to 2017.
Stein received a B.A. from Yale University in 1978 and a Ph.D. in 1988 from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1990, he was appointed an assistant professor at the Department of Anthropology at Northwestern University, and in 2001 became a full professor at the same department. In 2002, he moved to the University of Chicago. Since 2008 he has jointly directed the Joint Syrian-American Archaeological Research Project at Tell Zeidan of the Ubaid culture. In 2017, Stein was appointed Senior Advisor to the Provost for Cultural Heritage at the University of Chicago.
Publications
Rethinking World Systems - Diasporas, Colonies, and Interaction in Uruk Mesopotamia, Tucson: University of Arizona, 1999.
The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives. School of American Research Press, 2005.
Awards
National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow
Fulbright Scholar in Turkey (1982–83)
Notes
External links
University of Chicago Faculty Page
Brief Biography Page announcing Appointment as OI Director - University of Chicago web page
Profile, Director Gil Stein, Oriental Institute (Facebook page)
Living people
American archaeologists
Northwestern University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Yale College alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1956 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil%20Stein%20%28archaeologist%29 |
The X-Files: The Album is a 1998 soundtrack album released to accompany the film The X-Files. Released on June 2, 1998, the album features songs by various artists, including several who had contributed to the earlier album Songs in the Key of X: Music from and Inspired by the X-Files, and consists mostly of cover versions or reworkings of earlier material.
The X-Files: The Album received mostly positive criticism upon its release, and charted in several countries worldwide, recording a peak position of number 5 in New Zealand.
Production
Although The X-Files: The Album is the soundtrack to the 1998 film The X-Files, only one of the album's songs—"Crystal Ship" by X—is actually heard during the film, briefly playing on a jukebox during a brief scene, while "Teotihuacan" by Noel Gallagher and "Walking After You" by Foo Fighters play over the ending credits. The album's producer, David Was, intended to match the film's tone rather than using the songs as content, leading to several of the artists involved contributing material which would seem "uncharacteristically eerie" compared to their usual work.
Many of the songs on The X-Files: The Album are cover versions or reworkings of earlier material—singer Sting collaborated with the group Aswad to perform a reggae cover of "Invisible Sun", which he had earlier recorded with The Police; Filter's "One" is a rearrangement of a song made famous by Three Dog Night; while Foo Fighters contributed a new version of their song "Walking After You". All but one of the album's tracks are exclusive to the soundtrack, with Björk's "Hunter" having been previously released on the 1997 album Homogenic. Several of the artists on the album's roster—Foo Fighters, Filter and Soul Coughing—had previously contributed material to Songs in the Key of X: Music from and Inspired by the X-Files, the soundtrack album which accompanied the television series; however, Chris Carter, creator of The X-Files, stated before the album's release that although "there are some similarities" between the records, "there are different artists and a different flavor".
The inclusion of a track by the group Ween was spurred by fact that The X-Files star David Duchovny had first met then-wife Téa Leoni through their mutual appreciation for the group; while the Cranberries were approached about contributing material after Carter saw them performing on a tour of the United States. The Filter cover of "One" was deliberately constructed by Was once he realized that Duchovny had ad-libbed the song's opening line during one of the film's scenes. The album's final track—a cover by Dust Brothers of Mark Snow's opening theme for the television series—features a hidden track which plays after a period of silence. The track features a spoken word segment by Carter which explains the series' overarching mythology up to the film's release.
Track listing
Release
The X-Files: The Album was first released on June 2, 1998, with international releases occurring between July and October that same year. The soundtrack appeared in several charts upon its release, reaching a peak position of 26 in the United States' Billboard 200 albums chart, 21 in Austria's Ö3 Austria Top 40, 27 in Australia's ARIA Charts, and 5—its highest chart position—in the Official New Zealand Music Chart.
Reception
The X-Files: The Album has received generally positive reviews. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine awarded the soundtrack four stars out of five, calling it "the best alt-rock soundtrack of the summer of 1998". Erlewine felt that the album was more polished and well-produced than Songs in the Key of X; however, he noted that this came at the expense of the earlier record's "quirky" and "off-kilter" aesthetic. Erlewine singled out "Beacon Light" and "Hunter" as particular highlights of the album. Jim Rogatis of the Chicago Sun-Times rated the album one-and-a-half stars out of four, finding the album to be predictable and "phone[d] in"; he highlighted the songs by Filter, Foo Fighters, Björk and Ween to be particular low points for him.
Writing for Entertainment Weekly, David Browne rated the album a B−, finding that it "isn’t eccentric enough" compared to the film or series. Browne found that the contributions by Noel Gallagher and Ween matched the tone of The X-Files, but felt that Tonic, Filter, Sting and Aswad had been included out of commercial rather than artistic interest. Keith Phipps of The A.V. Club considered the soundtrack to be less interesting than the accompanying film score, finding the album's roster to be formulaic and several of its tracks to not be particularly "revelatory" or "radical".
Footnotes
Album
1998 soundtrack albums
Elektra Records soundtracks
Science fiction film soundtracks
Action film soundtracks
Thriller film soundtracks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20X-Files%3A%20The%20Album |
Behala is a locality of South West Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal. Behala is a part of Kolkata Municipal Corporation area. It is broadly spread across Ward Nos. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131 and 132 of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation and is divided into two Vidhan Sabha constituencies: Behala Paschim and Behala Purba. Behala, Parnasree, Thakurpukur, Haridevpur and Sarsuna police stations serve this area under the South West Division of Kolkata Police also known as Behala Division (The division comprises Behala, Sarsuna, Haridevpur, Thakurpukur, Parnasree and Taratola).
Behala is one of the oldest residential areas of the city. The Sabarna Roy Choudhury's, one of the oldest zamindar families of western Bengal and the trustee of Kalighat Kali Temple lives here. It is also home to Sourav Ganguly, former Indian national cricket captain and Sovan Chatterjee, the former Mayor of Kolkata.
The Durga Puja celebration of Sabarna Roy Choudhury family at Barisha was launched in 1610 by Laksmikanta Majumdar, making it the second oldest family Durga Puja in western Bengal. Today Durga Puja at Behala is marked by exotic theme-based sarbojanin pujas. Barisha Chandi Mela is a 10-day fair held every year in November–December since 1792.
Etymology
The word Behala is commonly believed to have its root in Behula, the name of the female protagonist of Manasamangalkavya. Alternatively, the name may have been derived from the Bengali term Bahulapur ("land of many rivers" or "dark city"). "Bahula" is also an epithet of the goddesses Chandi and Kali. Rev. James Long, who used to live in this parts, described Behala as Byala in one of his early writings. It is also known that Behala comprised many small villages before the whole place was urbanised and each village here had a suffix -behala with its name i.e. Bazarbehala, Tamtelbehala, Bnorshebehala (Barisha), Sorshunnobehala (Sarsuna) etc. Names like Rajarbaganbehala, Sahapurbehala, Naskarpurbehala and Santoshbatibehala are also found in the old proceedings of South Suburban Municipality.
History
Modern day
Behala encompasses one of the largest suburban agglomerations of the city of Kolkata. It consists of many small localities like Sahapur, New Alipore (partially), Parnasree Pally, Behala Bazaar, Manton, Behala Chowrasta (Barisha), Muchipara, Sakherbazaar, Silpara, Bakultala, Shakuntala Park, Kadamtala, Thakurpukur, Haridevpur, Dakshin Behala, Sarsuna and Joka. Huge growth of population especially since the early eighties resulted in the area being on the radar of both the daily wage earners, common populace and educated classes. Due to this enormous and unplanned growth, the traffic is by and large dependent on the arterial Diamond Harbour Road, in spite of the availability of the parallel James Long Sarani (Commonly known as Rail Line since the old and now defunct Kalighat Falta Railway ran here) as an option. During the construction the Taratala flyover, a large portion of traffic flowed through James Long Sarani to avoid construction activity, causing development of other areas of Behala.
Encroachments by street-hawkers of the sidewalks on both sides of the busy Diamond Harbour Road is a major problem. Areas like Behala Bazar, Behala Chowrasta and Behala Sakherbazaar have been added to the 'Calcutta Green Zone' and traffic moves at a snail's pace during the peak office hours.
Previously there were tram lines along the middle of Diamond Harbour Road from Joka to Mominpur and often people used the trams to go to Esplanade. The service on this stretch has been withdrawn now. Mominpur to Behala Bazaar service was closed in 2006 due to the Taratala flyover. Behala Bazaar to Joka service was also closed in 2011 due to the elevated metro railway construction on the Diamond Harbour road, which will run from Joka to Esplanade (Kolkata Metro Line 3).
SL Dhanuka Girls' hostel that has come up at Behala on Diamond Harbour Road, inaugurated on 24 March 2017 by the Chief minister of Bengal Mamata Banerjee.
Geography
Police district
The localities of behala area are served by South West Division (Behala Division) of Kolkata Police. It includes Taratala Police station, Behala Police station, Thakurpukur Police Station, Parnashree Police station, Sarsuna Police station and Haridevpur Police station.
Behala Women police station, located at the same address as Behala Police station, covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the South West division i.e. Sarsuna, Taratala, Behala, Parnasree, Thakurpukur and Haridevpur.
Education
There are so many educational institutions situated in Behala.
Colleges:-
Behala College
Vivekananda College (Thakurpukur)
Vivekananda College for women
Sarsuna College
Sarsuna Law College
Behala Government Polytechnic College
Kanyashree College
Kishore Bharati Bhagani Nivedita College
Sister Florence College of Nursing
Behala Institute of Allied Health Sciences
Schools:-
M P Birla Foundation Higher Secondary School
K.E Carmel school,Behala
K. E. Carmel School, Sarsuna
D. A. V. Public School
St James School, Behala
Orient Day School
National Gems H.S. School
Behala High School
Behala Girls High school
Behala Arya Vidyamandir
Behala Sharda Vidyapith for Girls
Behala Kishore Bharati Girls High School
Shyama Sundari Girls High School
Behala Parnasree Bidyamandir
Barisha Janakalyan Vidyapith for Girls(HS)
Barisha Shashibhusan Janakalyan Vidyapith
Baidyapara Girls' High School
Barisha Girls' School
Bidya Bhaban School
Barisha High School
Barisha Asar Vidyapith For Boys
Barisha Uchcha Balika Vidyamandir
Sarsuna High School
G.B. Memorial Institution,Sarsuna
Sarsuna Girls' High School
Navadiganta High School,Sarsuna
Shibrampur Nanilal Vidyapith
Barisha Vivekananda High School
Barisha Vivekananda High school for girls
Barisha Purba para High School
Behala Sourindra English Medium Co-Ed School
Oxford Academy
Shaw Public School
Mothers Mission School
The Good Shepherd Mission School
Basudevpur High School
Meghmala Roy Education Centre
Nivedita Mission School
St.Elizabeth Girls' School
Kolkata Model School
Thakurpukur Brahmachari P.K. Vidyamandir for Girls
Bratachari Vidyasram (H.S.)
Children Academy Co-ed High School (Bengali Medium)
Kamala Vidyamandir
Transport
Various buses are available to move around Behala to Kolkata. The recent collapse of the Majerhat Bridge which was one of the major roads connecting Behala to the rest of Calcutta has led to massive traffic snarls in the area. Now, a new bridge has been made which successfully connects Behala with other areas.
Tram
Trams used to be popular vehicles for commuting to and from several parts of Behala, but of late the trend has seen a reversal for their slow speed. After the construction of Taratala flyover, the only truncated tram service from Behala Bazaar to Joka became deplorable and finally closed as a result of the Esplanade-Joka Metro Project.
Railway
Behala is served by Majherhat, Brace Bridge and New Alipore railway station on the Sealdah South section of Kolkata Suburban Railway.
Behala was also served by Gholesapur, Sakherbazar and Thakurpukur railway station of Kalighat Falta Railway (KFR), which has been closed in 1957.
Airport
Behala Airport more commonly referred as Behala Flying Training Institute (BFTI) or Behala Flying Club (BFC) is the second of the two airports in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area and other being the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport. There are plans to upgrade the airport. Previously there was helicopter service from behala airport to digha and durgapur, but it was later suspended by the authority. Currently, there is no commercial helicopter service available from behala flying club.
Metro Railway
Former President Ms. Pratibha Patil laid the foundation stone of Joka to Esplanade Metro Rail Project (Kolkata Metro Line 3) in presence of Union Finance Minister and Governor of West Bengal in September, 2010.
The metro has partially started from Joka to Taratala, and has been inaugurated by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 30 December, 2022.
Currently six stations are active that are Joka Metro Station, Thakurpukur Metro Station, Sakherbazar Metro Station, Behala Chowrasta Metro Station, Behala Bazaar Metro Station and Taratala Metro Station.
The construction of Majherhat Metro Station is expected to be completed by 2024.
Hospitals and medical centres
The whole Behala region is surrounded by numerous hospitals and medical centres.
The State General Hospital for region Behala is Vidyasagar State General Hospital, which is beside the Behala bazar metro station and Kolkata Municipal Corporation Behala.
Nearby Behala, at Thakurpukur M.G Road, another famous hospital and medical research centre situated named as "Saroj Gupta Cancer Research Institute" locally knows as "Thakurpukur cancer hospital". It is one of the oldest cancer treatment centres in Kolkata.
Some other hospitals in Behala are:-
Behala Balananda Brahmachari Hospital And Research Centre, Pathakpara
South Suburban Clinic, Taratala
Disha Eye Hospital, Chowrasta
UMRI Hospital,James Long Sarani
Narayan Memorial Hospital, Manton
James Long Clinic,James Long Sarani
Drishti Eye Care Centre, Barisha Sakherbazar Sabarna Para
Kasturi Medical Research Centre, 3A bus stand
Vivekananda Hospital & Research Institute, Parnasree
BMRI Hospital, 3A bus stand
ESIC Hospital and Medical College, Joka Metro Station/Diamond Park
Apollo Clinic Taratala, Sahapur
Apollo Clinic Thakurpukur, 3A bus stand
DM hospital, James Long Sarani
Swadesh Bose Hospital, Thakurpukur
Festivals
Barisha Chandi Mela, a 10-day fair held every year in November–December since 1792, attracts people from all over the city. There are various stalls, rides and plenty of shops for people of all age groups. On some days during the fair, the crowd count crosses One Lakh as well. Many popular artists also perform during this festival.
During Christmas, all Behala roads lead to St. Peter's Church, CNI located inside the Oxford Mission compound ,Infant Jesus Church located next to Ellora Cinema hall, Sacred Heart Church and many other churches located near Behala and Thakurpukur.
A big Rath Yatra festival and mela also occur every year on Diamond harbour road, Thakurpukur. The festival and mela starts from day of Ratha Yatra and the mela ends at the day of Ulta Ratha Thakurpukur rath Mela is the biggest Rath Yatra Mela of Behala area.
Apart from Thakurpukur rath yatra mela, Barisha rath yatra mela(Sakherbazar), Sarsuna(Badamtala) Rath Yatra Mela and Sonamukhi Rath Yatra Mela(Sarsuna and Maheshtala Border) also occurs every year.
Rath made of brass of sonar Durga Bari made in 1871, is bring outside every year during Rath Yatra Celebration.
Jagatdhatri Puja is also celebrated in many Localities of Behala.
Just Like rest of Kolkata, Behala is also famous for Durga Puja, some of the popular Durga Puja pandals are
Behala Notun Dal
Behala Adarshapally
Behala KFR Math Durga Puja
Behala Shree Sangha
Behala Trishakti Club
Behala Nafar Chandra Das Road
Behala Jadu and Mitra Colony
Behala Friends.
Barisha Club
Behala 11 pally
Haridevpur 41 pally
Thakurpukur State Bank Park
The most Traditional puja is held at Roy House, at Roy Bahadur Road. SABORNO ROY CHOWDHURY HOUSE and Behala Sonar Durga Bari.
At kalipuja, Chamunda Kali Puja and a big Mela also happen every year at Bahadur Math in Daskhin Behala Road,Sasthir More.
The biggest celebration of the festival of Eid is held at Behala 18 Bigha Masjid.
Business
The Diamond Harbour Road is dotted on both sides with shops and eateries. Clothes, jewellery, electronic items, sports goods, books and footwear can be found in a multitude of stores all along the stretch from Taratala to Manton. Recent additions to the shopping scene include shopping malls and factory outlets.
Apart from the standard stores, the pavements of Behala are crowded with hawkers selling everything from toothpicks to bedsheets. Some popular shops of Behala are Panna Sweets, Panna Restaurant, Haji Saheb, Bhaskar Sriniketan, Mayukhardo, New Ladies Own (Behala Tramdepot), Ramkrishna Sarighar, Debnath Electric, Shilpalay, Tanishq, P.C. Chandra Jewellers, Titan, Aminiah, Arsalan, Zeeshan, Feardeal, Great Eastern, Frankfros, Bata, Khadims, Elite, Raipur Electronics, Dhannwentari, Adidas Showroom (Silpara), Thakurpukur Reliance Complex and many more. Tarsons Products has two of its major manufacturing units located in Behala.
Some popular commercial offices in Behala are BSNL, CESE, Behala Industrial Area, Patton Tank, East India Pharmaceuticals, Union drugs, BG Press, Taratala Mint, Brand Factory, Alankrita Careers and many more.
Grocery Markets
Behala has enormous number of fresh food markets usually termed as "Bazaar", where fresh vegetables, fish, meat, spices, and other food items are available. Some important Bazaars within Behala are :-
Behala Bazaar
Puraton Bazaar
Sodepur Bazaar
Siddeshwari Kali Market
Sudha sindhu Market
Reliance Fresh
Goragacha Bazaar
Senhati Bazaar
Simultala Bazaar
Thakurpukur Bazaar
Kabardanga Fish Market
Buroshibtala Bazaar
B.G press Food Market
Bakultala Bazaar
Behala Chowrasta Bazaar
Sakher Bazaar
Kadamtala Bazaar
Keorapukur Bazaar
Anandanagar Bazaar
Dakhin Behala Sasthir More Bazaar
LIC Bazaar Barisha Silpara
Thakurpukur Rail-line Bazaar
Places of interest
Sonar Durga Temple
Siddheshwari Kali temple
72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Behala, Kolkata-60
Famous place described as Residence of Ghanada(Mess-Bari) in "Ghanada" a Bengali Science fiction novel written by Ghanashyam Das.
Douglas Grounds (Oxford Mission)
Behala Chanditala Maa Mangal Chandi Temple
State Archaeological Museum, Satyen Roy Road
Adi Shiva Temple, Barisha Silpara
Sabarna Roy Chowdhury Family houses at Barisha
Sabarna Sangrahashala, Baro Bari, Barisha
St. Peter's Church, CNI
12 Temples of Lord Shiva (also known as Dwadash Mandir), more than 350 years old, in Sabarna Para, Sakherbazar
Behala Gourio Math
Behala Gajantala Shitala Mandir.
Behala AC Market (new Ladies Own)
Behala Siddeshwari Market (Debnath Electric, the oldest electrical shop in Behala), Homeo pharmacy and many more.
References
External links
Neighbourhoods in Kolkata | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behala |
Scouting in Western Australia is predominantly represented by a branch of Scouts Australia and Girl Guides Western Australia, a member organisation of Girl Guides Australia.
Scouting began in Western Australia in 1908 when eighteen-year-old Frank Roche from Spearwood established the first Scout Patrol. By the end of 1909 there were 416 members in 16 groups. In 1912, the Founder, Robert Baden-Powell visited Perth.
Girl Guides started in Western Australia in 1915 in a very formal way when the Women's Service Guild staged a public meeting, under Vice Regal patronage, in the Perth Town Hall on 28 June 1915. The Governor moved, "That a Girl Guide Association be formed in this State and that we apply to the Girl Guide Association of Great Britain for a warrant".
Scouts Australia
The Branch is organised around districts:
Perth Metropolitan Districts
Wanneroo
Joondalup
Swan Valley
Central Swan
Sunset Coast
Stirling East
Bilgoman
Kalamunda
Woodloes River
Three Rivers
Minderup
River Ranges
Melville
Beeliar
Minnawarra
Beeloo
Osprey
Regional Districts
Kimberley
Pilbara
Avon
Moresby Ranges
Goldfields
Stirling
Forrest and Vasse
Central Great Southern
Activities
A Scout Gang Show started in Perth in 1962 (and currently in recess). Two Australian Scout Jamborees have been held in Western Australia in 1979/80 and 1994/95.
Sea Scouts in Western Australia are active. The premier Sea Scout Competition in WA is the Master Mariners competition. The Junior Shield is currently held by Canning Sea Scouts, the Senior Shield by Canning Venturer Sea Scouts and the Rover Oar by Pelican Point Rover Crew. There are currently 10 sea scout groups in WA.
There is a Scout Water Activity Centre located in Como that land-based groups can use. An annual regatta is held there.
Air Scouts is currently represented by the Bullsbrook Air Scout Group.
Facilities
Scouts WA Adventure Centres
Scouts WA Adventure Centre Eaton. On the banks of the Collie River at Eaton in the Shire of Dardanup, just 8 km from Bunbury.
Scouts WA Adventure Centre Gilcreek. On the bank of the King River, 12 km from Albany.
Scouts WA Adventure Centre Manjedal. Near Byford about one hours drive from Perth is the Branch's major Camp Site and Training Centre, established in 1967.
Scouts WA Adventure Centre Vasse 280 km south west of Perth near Busselton.
Other facilities
Northam Scout Camp. 97 km east of Perth and 4.5 km west of Northam. The campsite's southern boundary is the north side of the Kep Track, which follows the Goldfields Pipeline in the area and is used for hiking, walking, cycling, and horse riding.
Toowacka Campsite. Bay of Isles, Esperance.
Scout Water Activity Centre, in Como, near Canning Bridge in Perth.
Major branch events
OneCamp 2023, a new event for April 2023, for all sections for one major camp, for the Swan Valley Adventure Centre.
Branch Venturer Council held every second month.
Nighthawk: A night-time orienteering event for Scouts.
Rottnest Invasion: Held at Rottnest Island where Scouts and Venturers do community service.
Youth awards: New Australian Scout Award, Queen's Scout and Baden-Powell Award recipients every February are presented their certificate by the State Governor.
Campwest: Held every three years, Campwest is a small scale jamboree, held between Australian jamborees.
The following are the major competitions that are held in Western Australia.
Scouts
Cargeeg Challenge Shield (Scouts) – the Premier Camping competition in Western Australia for Scouts at Manjedal Scout Centre, is currently held by Donny Brook Scouts Troop.
Master Mariners Junior Shield (Scouts) – the Premier Boating competition in Western Australia for Scouts, is currently held by Canning Sea Scouts.
Swan Tiki – a Bi-annual Rafting event for Scout section, the overall trophy is currently held by Bibra Lake Scouts.
Orienteering – held annually at a national park in Perth. There are many categories in which teams compete to collect the most points.
Venturer Scouts
Master Mariners Senior Shield – premier boating competition in Western Australia for Venturers, currently held by Fremantle Venturer Sea Scouts.
Mission Impossible
Vencarna is a car event similar to the Rover Baja Car Rally.
Rovers
Master Mariner Rover Oar, a premier boating competition in Western Australia for rovers, is currently held by Pelican Point Rover Sea Scouts.
Mission Impossible.
Rover Motor Sports, the Rover Baja Car Rally.
Water Activities/Sea Scouts (involving more than one section)
Swan-A-Bout, the 30 hours sailing Marathon for the Scout section and above. The overall Trophy is currently held by Canning Sea Scouts. Waylen Bay Sea Scouts holds the dinghy, seaboat and keelboat classes while Canning Sea Scouts hold the catamaran and red-witch classes.
Pelican Point Regatta is held bi-annually with other Sea Scout troops holding the regatta every second year. The last regatta was held as Waylen Bay Regatta in 2006. The shield is currently held by the Waylen Bay Sea Scouts.
Como Regatta: The annual regatta is held at Scout Water Activity Centre at Como. The trophy is currently held by Waylen Bay Sea Scouts.
Rowing Record: There is rowing challenge open to all Scouts and Venturers. It is between Nedlands and Applecross jetty. The current holders are the Waylen Bay Venturers, setting the record in 1984 in the sea boat Lyn Ward.
History
In 2015, Western Australia's biggest scout group's meeting place and hall (1st Mandurah Scouts) was bulldozed, after the City of Mandurah sold the property to supermarket giant Aldi.
Girl Guiding Western Australia
Girl Guides Western Australia is one of the seven member organisations of Girl Guides Australia
Girl Guides WA has around 2,600 members.
Girl Guide units operate throughout the state and are organised into regions:
North Metro
Joondalup
Whitfords Coastal
Seaward
Darling Swan
Peel
River SeaWay
Southern Foothills
Capricorn
Avon Hills
Great Southern
Three Rivers
Centenary
From 28 June 2014 to 28 June 2015, Girl Guides WA celebrated 100 years of Guiding in Western Australia. A number of events and special projects were organised for the occasion, including a Centenary Dinner for adult members, past members and supporters, "Jamboree with a Difference" and collection of information for the state archives.
Our Barn
Girl Guides WA operates "Our Barn" in York The original building on the property is from the Victorian Era and was originally the stables of Haversham House. It has a rich history, and was used by the Red Cross in World War II as a convalescent home for the armed services. Our Barn was converted into a dormitory by Girl Guides WA in the 1970s and officially opened as a Guide Property in 1977.
See also
Scouting and Guiding in Australia
References
External links
Branch web pages
West Australia, Scouting in | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting%20and%20Guiding%20in%20Western%20Australia |
Toowoomba was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland. The seat was in Toowoomba.
History
The seat had two incarnations. The first was from 1873 to 1878 and the second from 1912 to 1960.
In 1873, it was created by renaming the electoral district of Drayton & Toowoomba. In 1878, its name was changed back to Drayton & Toowoomba (but as a 2-member constituency).
Its second incarnation began in 1912 when Drayton & Toowoomba split into Toowoomba, East Toowoomba and Drayton. The sitting member for Drayton & Toowoomba, James Tolmie, successfully stood for election in Toowoomba in 1912 after the split.
Toowoomba was abolished in the 1960 redistribution. The sitting member, Mervyn Anderson, successfully stood for election in the new seat of Toowoomba East in the 1960 election.
Members for Toowoomba
The members who represented Toowoomba are listed below.
See also
Electoral districts of Queensland
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by year
:Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by name
References
Darling Downs
Toowoomba
Toowoomba
1873 establishments in Australia
1878 disestablishments in Australia
1912 establishments in Australia
1960 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1873
Constituencies established in 1912
Constituencies disestablished in 1878
Constituencies disestablished in 1960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Toowoomba |
The Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began like many of their wars as a territorial dispute. The new Persian king, Fath Ali Shah Qajar, wanted to consolidate the northernmost reaches of his kingdom—modern-day Georgia—which had been annexed by Tsar Paul I several years after the Russo-Persian War of 1796. Like his Persian counterpart, the Tsar Alexander I was also new to the throne and equally determined to control the disputed territories.
The war ended in 1813 with the Treaty of Gulistan which ceded the previously disputed territory of Georgia to Imperial Russia, and also the Iranian territories of Dagestan, most of what is nowadays Azerbaijan, and minor parts of Armenia.
Origins
The origins of the first full scale Russo-Persian War can be traced back to the decision of Tsar Paul to annex Georgia (December 1800) after Erekle II, who had been appointed as ruler of Kartli several years earlier by his ruler Nader Shah, made a plea to Christian Russia in the Treaty of Georgievsk of 1783 to be incorporated into the empire. After Paul's assassination (11 March 1801), the activist policy was continued by his son, Tsar Alexander, aimed at establishing Russian control over the khanates of the eastern Caucasus. In 1803, the newly appointed viceroy of the Caucasus, Paul Tsitsianov, attacked Ganja and captured its citadel on 15 January 1804. Ganja's governor, Javad Khan Qajar, was killed, and a large number of the inhabitants slaughtered. The Qajar ruler, Fath Ali Shah, saw the Russian threat to Armenia, Karabagh, and Azerbaijan not only as a source of instability on his northwestern frontier but as a direct challenge to Qajar authority.
Unequal forces
The Russians were unable to commit a large portion of their troops to the Caucasus region, because Alexander's attention was continually distracted by simultaneous wars with France, the Ottoman Empire, Sweden and Great Britain. Therefore, the Russians were forced to rely on superior technology, training, and strategy in the face of an overwhelming disparity in numbers. Some estimates put the Persian numerical advantage at five to one. Shah Fath Ali's heir, Abbas Mirza, tried to modernize the Persian army, seeking help from French experts through the Franco-Persian alliance, and then from British experts, in order to address the tactical disparity between the forces.
Outbreak of war
The war began when Russian commanders Ivan Gudovich and Paul Tsitsianov attacked the Persian settlement of Echmiadzin, the holiest town in Armenia. Gudovich, unsuccessful in the siege of Echmiadzin due to a lack of troops, withdrew to Yerevan, where his siege again failed. Despite these ineffective forays, the Russians held the advantage for the majority of the war, due to superior troops and strategy. Russia's inability, however, to dedicate anything more than 10,000 troops to the campaign allowed the Persians to mount a fairly respectable resistance effort. The Persian troops were of a low grade, mostly irregular cavalry.
Holy war and Persian defeat
The Persians scaled up their efforts late in the war, declaring jihad, or holy war, on Imperial Russia in 1810. Russia's superior technology and tactics ensured a series of strategic victories. Despite the Persian alliance with Napoleon, who was the ally of Persia's Abbas Mirza, France could provide little concrete direct help. Even when the French were in occupation of Moscow, Russian forces in the south were not recalled but continued their offensive against Persia, culminating in Pyotr Kotlyarevsky's victories at Aslanduz and Lankaran, after the setback in the Battle of Sultanabad, in 1812 and 1813 respectively. Upon the Persian surrender, the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan ceded the vast majority of the previously disputed territories to Imperial Russia. This led to the region's once-powerful khans being decimated and forced to pay homage to Russia.
War
During this period Russia was mainly dealing with the local khanates which were subject to Persia. Following the bloody capture of Ganja the khans could usually be bullied without too much fighting. The main Persian army intervened twice, once successfully and once unsuccessfully. Significant events include the 1804 capture of Ganja and failure to take Yerevan; the 1805 push east, almost to the Caspian; and the 1806 death of Tsitsianov, capture of the Caspian coast, and start of the Russo-Turkish War.
In late 1803 Pavel Tsitsianov demanded the submission of the Ganja Khanate southeast of Georgia, over which Georgia had some nominal claims. He was now no longer unifying Georgia or liberating Christians but moving against territory that was traditionally seen as Muslim and Persian. On 3 January 1804 Ganja was taken with significant slaughter. Abbas Mirza's army arrived too late and retired south. In June, Tsitsianov and 3,000 men marched south toward Echmiadzin in the Yerevan Khanate. They were driven back by Abbas Mirza and 18,000 Persians (?). The Russians then moved east and besieged Yerevan (July–September). The local khan held the citadel, the Russians held the town, and the Persians held the surrounding countryside. Weakened by disease and fighting on half-rations, the Russians withdrew to Georgia, losing more men along the way.
In early 1805 the Shoragel sultanate was taken by the Russians. This was a small area at the junction of Georgia, the Yerevan Khanate, and Turkey and included the militarily important town of Gyumri. On 14 May, the Karabakh Khanate submitted to the Russians, and on 21 May the Shaki Khanate did the same. In response to the loss of Karabakh, Abbas Mirza occupied the Askeran Fortress at the mouth of a valley leading from the plain southwest to Shusha, the capital of Karabakh. The Russians responded by sending Koryagin to take Shahbulag Castle. Abbas Mirza marched north and besieged the place. On hearing of the approach of another army under Fath Ali, Koryagin slipped out at night and headed for Shusha. He was caught at the Askeran gorge but not defeated. More Russian troops relieved the blockade of Koryagin and Shusha. Seeing that the main Russian force had pushed far to the southeast, Abbas Mirza made a wide swing north and besieged Ganja. On 27 July, 600 Russian infantry routed his camp at Shamkir.
In September, a naval attack on Baku failed. In November, Tsitsianov marched east toward Baku, en route to accepting the submission of the Shirvan Khanate (27 December). On 8 February 1806, he was murdered while accepting the surrender of Baku. Russian honor was restored by Glazenap, who marched from north of the mountains and took Derbent, Quba, and Baku (technically Baku surrendered to Bulgakov). Ivan Gudovich replaced Tsitsianov as viceroy. In December, the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia.
Troops were moved west to deal with the Turks, a truce was made and Nibolshin was left to guard the frontier. Fighting resumed in 1808 when Russia took Echmiadzrin. Abbas Mirza was defeated south of Lake Shirvan; as a result, Nakhichevan, or some part of it, was occupied. In September 1808, Gudovich attacked Yerevan. The assault failed, withdrawal became necessary and 1,000 men, mostly sick and wounded, froze to death on the retreat. Escape was only possible because Nibolshin and Lissanevich defeated a "vast horde" of Persians. Gudovich resigned and was replaced by Alexander Tormasov. In 1809, Fath Ali was driven back from Gyumri and Abbas Mirza from Ganja. In 1810 Abbas Mirza tried to invade Karabakh but was defeated at Meghri on the Aras River.
In early 1812, Persia invaded Karabagh. They occupied Shahbulag Castle, which the Russians later recaptured. They attacked a Russian battalion at "Sultan-Buda" using European-style infantry and a few British officers. After a day of fighting the Russians surrendered. Russia responded to this unusual defeat by moving Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, the hero of Akhalkalaki, from the Turkish to the Persian front.
In the summer of 1812, just as Napoleon was preparing to invade Russia, the Russians made peace with the Ottoman Empire and Russian troops in Caucasia turned to Persia. On 19 October, Kotlyarevsky ignored the cautious Ritishchev's orders, crossed the Aras river and routed the Persians at the Battle of Aslanduz. He then crossed the snow-covered Mughan Plain and, after a five-day siege, stormed the newly-built fort of Lankaran. The Russians lost 1000 men, two-thirds of their force. Of the 4000-man Persian garrison, every survivor was bayonetted. Kotlyarevsky was found wounded among a heap of corpses. He was carried half-dead to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and survived for 39 more years, unfit for further service. A victory at "Karabezouk" completed the discomfiture of the Persians (3 April 1813). News of Napoleon's defeat reached Persia in the spring of 1813. Peace negotiations were already underway and an armistice was made in October. In the Treaty of Gulistan, Persia recognized Russian possession of all the khanates it held and gave up all pretensions to Dagestan and Georgia. The border in the northern part of Talysh was left for later decision. Persia kept Meghri in southwest Karabakh, which the Russians had abandoned as unhealthy and inaccessible from the rest of Karabakh.
Thirteen years later, in another Russo-Persian War fought from 1826 to 1828, Persia tried to regain its territory. It was defeated and lost the khanates of Yerevan and Nakhichevan, roughly corresponding to modern Armenia.
Anglo-French diplomacy in Persia
Although this Russo-Persian War was in many respects a continuation of a struggle for supremacy in Transcaucasia dating back to the time of Peter the Great and Nader Shah, it differed from earlier conflicts between Persia and Russia in that its course came to be affected as much by the diplomatic maneuvering of European powers during the Napoleonic era as by developments on the battlefield. Following the Russian occupation of the various khanates, Fath Ali Shah, strapped for cash and anxious to find an ally, had made a request for British support as early as December 1804. In 1805, however, Russia and Britain allied in the Third Coalition against France, which meant that Britain was not in a position to cultivate its Persian connection at Russian expense and felt it necessary to evade repeated requests from the shah for assistance. As the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Charles Arbuthnot, put it in August 1806, To please the Emperor [of Russia], we have thrown away all our influence in Persia This opened the door for France to use Persia to threaten both Russian and British interests. Hoping to forge a tripartite alliance of France, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia, Napoleon sent various envoys to Persia, notably Pierre Amédée Jaubert and Claude Matthieu, Count Gardane, whose diplomatic efforts culminated in the Treaty of Finckenstein, signed on 4 May 1807, under which France recognized Persian claims to Georgia and promised assistance in training and equipping the Persian army. Only two months later, however, Napoleon and Alexander I agreed to an armistice and signed the Treaty of Tilsit (7 July 1807), which effectively rendered the French commitments to Persia untenable, although the French mission did continue to provide some military assistance and tried to mediate a settlement with Russia. The French efforts failed, prompting Gudovich to resume the Siege of Erevan in 1808.
The rise of French influence in Persia, viewed as the prelude to an attack on India, had greatly alarmed the British, and the Franco-Russian rapprochement at Tilsit conveniently provided an opportunity for a now isolated Britain to resume its efforts in Persia, as reflected in the subsequent missions of John Malcolm (1807–8) and Harford Jones (1809). According to the preliminary treaty of Tehran arranged by Jones (15 March 1809), Britain agreed to train and equip 16,000 Persian infantry and pay a subsidy of £100,000 should Persia be invaded by a European power, or to mediate if that power should be at peace with Great Britain. Although Russia had been making peace overtures, and Jones had hoped the preliminary agreement would encourage a settlement, these developments strengthened Fath Ali Shah 's determination to continue the war. Anglo-Persian relations warmed even further with the visit of Abu’l-Hasan Khan to London in 1809 and his return to Persia with Gore Ouseley as ambassador and minister plenipotentiary in 1810. Under Ouseley's auspices, the preliminary treaty was converted into the Definitive Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in 1812, which confirmed the earlier promises of military assistance and increased the amount of the subsidy for that purpose to £150,000 .
Then, in the third and final twist to this story, Napoleon invaded Russia in June 1812, making Russia and Britain allies once again. Britain, like France after Tilsit, was thus obliged to steer a course between antagonizing Russia and violating its commitments to Persia, with its best option being to broker a settlement of the conflict between the two. The Russians had been periodically interested in finding a negotiated settlement since the setbacks of 1805–6 and as recently as 1810, when Alexander Tormasov, who had replaced Gudovich as commander after his unsuccessful siege of Erevan, and Mirza Bozorg Qaem-magham had sought to arrange an armistice . Yet the Russians were unwilling to make serious concessions in order to end the war, and the Persians were also less than eager to settle since from their point of view the war was not going all that badly. Ouseley, however, realized the awkwardness of having Britain's resources deployed against its Russian ally and that the situation for Persia was likely to worsen once Russia was freed from the struggle with Napoleon. He was thus receptive to Russian requests to act as an intermediary and sought ways to pressure the Qajars into accepting a settlement. He proposed revisions to the Definitive Treaty, scaled back British military involvement (leaving two officers, Charles Christie and Lindesay Bethune, and some drill sergeants with the Persian army), and threatened to withhold payment of the subsidy promised to the Qajars .
In February 1812, N. R. Ritischev assumed command of the Russian forces and opened peace negotiations with the Persians. Ouseley and his representative at the talks, James Morier, acted as intermediaries and made various proposals to Rtischev, but they were not accepted . In August, Abbas Mirza resumed hostilities and captured Lankaran. After news arrived that Napoleon had occupied Moscow, the negotiations were suspended (Ramażān 1227/September 1812). Then, on 24 Shawwal 1227/31 October 1812, while Ritischev was away in Tbilisi, the general Peter Kotliarevski launched a surprise night attack on the Persian encampment at Aslanduz, which resulted in the complete rout of the army of Abbas Mirza and the death of one of the British supporting officers (Christie). As it also became increasingly apparent that Napoleon's offensive in Russia had failed disastrously, the Russians were emboldened to pursue a more aggressive campaign in the Caucasus. In early 1813, the Persian fortress at Lankarān fell and its garrison was annihilated, enabling the Russians to occupy most of Talesh again . Although Fath Ali Shah and Abbas Mirza wanted to fight on after these setbacks, they eventually had to yield to Ouseley, who assured the Shah that either the Russians would make territorial concessions or the British would continue the subsidy they had promised.
1813: Treaty of Gulistan
Russia fought on two frontiers: against the Ottomans between 1806 and 1812; and against the Persians from 1804 to 1813. Both frontiers were concluded via treaties: the Treaty of Bucharest in 1812 with the Ottoman Empire; and the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813 that lasted until 1826 when Russian troops, acting outside of the control of Tsar Nicholas I, occupied Mirak. Under the Gulistan treaty, Russia was acknowledged as the power in control of the South Caucasus; western and eastern Georgia and the Muslim khanates until Baku and Quba were placed under Russian administration.
Assessment and aftermath
Although Russia was recognized as a dominant power over the Caucasus, the success of the Treaty of Gulistan was overshadowed by the threat of the Ottomans. The Treaty of Bucharest was in favor of the Ottoman Empire which had claimed the territories that Russia conquered during the war: Poti and Anapa, which were Black Sea port cities, as well as Akhalkalaki. Still, the conditions of sovereignty were comparatively stable in these years. In the complex political map of the South Caucasus, Russia had the means to control the region through defensive lines.
According to William Bayne Fisher (et al.):
See also
Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)
Khanates of the Caucasus
Notes
References
Muriel Aiken, Russia and Iran, 1780–1828, 1980
Sources
N. Dubrovin. История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, volumes 4–6. SPb, 1886–88.
Further reading
Conflicts in 1804
Conflicts in 1805
Conflicts in 1806
Conflicts in 1807
Conflicts in 1808
Conflicts in 1809
Conflicts in 1810
Conflicts in 1811
Conflicts in 1812
Conflicts in 1813
1804 in the Russian Empire
1813 in the Russian Empire
1804 in Iran
1813 in Iran
19th century in Azerbaijan
19th century in Georgia (country)
19th-century military history of the Russian Empire
History of Dagestan
History of the Caspian Sea
Invasions by Russia
Invasions of Iran
Khanates of the South Caucasus
Khanates of the North Caucasus
Military history of Azerbaijan
Military history of Georgia (country)
Military history of Iran
Russo-Persian Wars
Napoleonic Wars
Wars involving Qajar Iran | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Persian%20War%20%281804%E2%80%931813%29 |
James Harrison "Babe" McCarthy (October 1, 1923 – March 17, 1975), was an American professional and collegiate basketball coach. McCarthy was originally from Baldwyn, Mississippi. McCarthy may best be remembered for Mississippi State's appearance in the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament when his all-white team sneaked out of town in order to face Loyola University Chicago, which had four black starters.
In March 1975, McCarthy died as a result of colon cancer.
Early life
McCarthy was from Baldwyn, Mississippi, and played high school basketball at Tupelo Junior High School. After high school he attended Mississippi State University where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He did not play college basketball. He served in the Air Force and then began coaching high school basketball at his alma mater in 1947. He was recalled to the Air Force for the Korean War and coached an Air Force team in Memphis, Tennessee, to third place in an Air Force tournament. After the Air Force he officiated SEC games before becoming the Mississippi State coach in 1955.
College career
McCarthy first came to fame for his 10-year stint at Mississippi State, where his teams won 169 games, lost 85, and won four Southeastern Conference (SEC) titles (three outright, one shared). While coaching at MSU he was named SEC Coach of the year three times. When he left Mississippi State he was the school's all-time leader in wins but has since been passed by Richard Williams and Rick Stansbury.
McCarthy may best be remembered for his team crossing the color line in the segregated South of the 1960s. Even before it was certain that Mississippi State would face Loyola and their four black starters, racist elements in the Mississippi media got into the act. On Thursday, March 7, 1963, the Jackson Daily News printed a picture of Loyola's starters to show that four of them were African Americans. As a caption to the picture, Daily News editor Jimmy Ward wrote that "readers may desire to clip the photo of the Loyola team and mail it today to the board of trustees of the institution of higher learning" to prevent the game from taking place. At the time, a longstanding state policy barred college teams at state schools from playing games against racially integrated teams. The Bulldogs had been forced to turn down three previous NCAA Tournament bids for this reason, including when they won their first two outright SEC titles in school history.
The editorials were in response to the decision by Mississippi State President Dean W. Colvard's March 2, 1963, to accept the automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament as outright SEC champions. The College Board of Mississippi met on March 9, 1963, and upheld Colvard's decision. But on March 13, just a day before the team was scheduled to travel to East Lansing, state senator Billy Mitts and former state senator B. W. Lawson sought and obtained a temporary injunction against the team leaving the state.
While sheriffs were on their way to Starkville, Mississippi, to serve the injunction, the team was participating in a pep rally the night before their departure, where effigies of state senators Mitts and Lawson were hung. The team's original plan was to leave Starkville at 8:30 a.m. on Thursday morning. But learning that sheriffs would be expected to arrive in town at 11:30 p.m. Wednesday night, MSU put their sophisticated contingency plan into effect.
McCarthy, the athletic director, and the assistant athletic director drove to Memphis, and then flew to Nashville. The team itself sent the freshman squad to the airport as scheduled-posing as the varsity team. The real varsity team hid in a dorm on campus. The next morning, they boarded a private plane at the airport and flew to Nashville to meet the coach and team officials. From Nashville, the whole group took a commercial flight to the game at East Lansing, Michigan. These events were chronicled in the DVD One Night in March produced by Starkville-based Broadcast Media Group
McCarthy Gymnasium on the campus of MSU was named for him in 1975.
McCarthy later coached the George Washington University's men's basketball team, going 9–18 with the Colonials in 1966–1967.
Head coaching record
College
ABA career
In the American Basketball Association, McCarthy coached the New Orleans Buccaneers from 1967 to 1970, the Memphis Pros from 1970 to 1972, the Dallas Chaparrals for the 1972–73 season, and the Kentucky Colonels in the 1973–1974 season. He was named ABA coach of the year for the 73–74 season. In the 1967–68 season he led the team to victories over the Denver Rockets and Dallas Chaparrals before losing the finals in seven games to the Pittsburgh Pipers. He was named ABA coach of the year in 1969 and 1974. He was the first ABA coach to win 200 games.
Babe-isms
McCarthy was known as "Ol' Magnolia Mouth" (or just "Magnolia Mouth") for his cement-thick Mississippi accent and short, funny phrases called Babe-isms. A few of the more famous and often used Babe-isms were:
Boy, I gotta tell you, you gotta come out at 'em like a bitin' sow.
My old pappy used to tell me the sun don't shine on the same dog's butt every day.
Why panic at five in the mornin' because it's still dark out?
Now, let's cloud up and rain all over 'em.
References
External links
Basketball-reference.com
1923 births
1975 deaths
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War
Basketball coaches from Mississippi
Dallas Chaparrals head coaches
George Washington Revolutionaries men's basketball coaches
Kentucky Colonels coaches
Memphis Sounds coaches
Military personnel from Mississippi
Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball coaches
Mississippi State University alumni
New Orleans Buccaneers coaches
People from Baldwyn, Mississippi
deaths from cancer in Mississippi
Deaths from colorectal cancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe%20McCarthy |
The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi (NHBP) is a federally-recognized tribe of Potawatomi in the United States. The tribe achieved federal recognition on December 19, 1995, and currently has approximately 1500 members.
The Pine Creek Indian Reservation is located at in Athens Township in southwestern Calhoun County in southwestern Michigan. It has a land area of a little over 199 acres. It has purchased an additional 230 acres of land for its use and operates a gaming casino in Battle Creek.
Name
Despite the name, this band of Potawatomi has no direct connection with the unrelated Huron people. Rather, both "Nottawaseppi" and "Huron" refer to the band's historical location along the Clinton River in southeastern Michigan. This river was formerly known as the Nottawasippee River or the Huron River of St. Clair. The root Nottawa in Nottawasippee is an Ojibwe ethnic slur meaning "like rattlesnakes", referring to the Huron people, who inhabited the area prior to the arrival of the Potawatomi, Odawa and Ojibwe.
History
In the 19th century, especially, the Potawatomi people and closely related tribes of Odawa and Ojibwe peoples of the Anishinaabe were affiliated as the Council of Three Fires. All these peoples were highly decentralized and bands operated independently. During the 17th and 18th centuries, numerous bands moved into what is now Michigan.
The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi signed a treaty with the United States to cede much of its land in 1820, and was assigned a smaller portion of land as its reservation. It is located at in Athens Township in southwestern Calhoun County.
In the 20th century, the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act was intended to encourage tribes to set up self-government. The nine historic bands of Odawa, Ojibwe and Potawatomi in Michigan were not covered by this act and later had to achieve federal recognition or reaffirmation as tribes independently, a process that continues.
The band organized to regain self-government, gaining reaffirmation of its status as a tribe in 1995 by Congressional legislation. Their homeland headquarters are in Wakeshma Township, near Athens, in the southwestern region of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. This is about 17 miles southwest of Battle Creek (about 22 miles by vehicle route). Athens Township is within the major city's metropolitan area. The Band also maintains satellite offices in Grand Rapids, about 74 miles north of Fulton/Athens. The service area of the tribe includes the reservation as well as members living in Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Ottawa, Kent and Allegan counties.
Government
The NHBP is governed by a written constitution and an elected 5-member tribal council. This includes the following executive officers: Chairperson, Vice-chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer and Sergeant-at-Arms.
Tribal Court
The NHBP Tribal Court was established in 2006. It is run by a Tribal Chief Justice.
Tribal departments
The NHBP administration is divided into departments for Administration, Bkedé O Mshiké, Communications, Culture, Finance, Environmental, Government Records, Human Resources, Information Technology, Legal, Membership Services, Planning, Public Works, Social Services and Tribal Historic Preservation Office.
Economy
The NHBP own FireKeepers Casino, a casino with an attached 2,078-space parking garage on located in Battle Creek, Michigan. This operation is governed by a compact with the state of Michigan. The NHBP also owns Waséyabek Development Company, LLC, to foster economic self-sufficiency through non-gaming business acquisitions, developments and investments.
Tribal timeline of events
1970 – The Tribe is incorporated in the state of Michigan. Government by a written constitution and an elected Tribal Council is established.
1995 – The United States government restores federal recognition to the tribe on December 19.
1998 – The Tribe purchases a property on Q Drive near Fulton, Michigan.
2000 – An administration building is constructed.
2003 – A multi-use trail system is constructed.
2004 – Road construction begins. On August 7, the Athens Arch is dedicated by the Athens Superintendent of Schools at Athens High School. The arch commemorates the history of the Huron Potawatomi and the cordial relations between the tribe and the town of Athens, Michigan.
2005 – The tribe constructs its first group of single family, energy-efficient homes on the Reservation.
2006 – A Tribal court is established.
2007 – A Community Center and Health Center are constructed. A parcel of property in Emmett Township is placed into Federal trust on behalf of the Tribe. The Tribe places of the Q Drive property into the USDA wetland reserve program.
2008 – Construction begins on FireKeepers Casino in Battle Creek, Michigan.
2009 – FireKeepers Casino opens on August 5, 2009.
2010 – Nottawaseppi Huron Band chairwoman Laura Spurr, who had served in that position since 2003 and helped to develop the FireKeepers Casino, dies on February 19, 2010.
See also
Anishinaabe
Council of Three Fires
Potawatomi
Notawasepe Potawatamie Reservation, established by treaty of 1820 with the United States and home of many of the band's ancestors in the 1820s.
References
Huron Potawatomi Reservation, Michigan United States Census Bureau
Tribal History, Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
External links
Official Website of the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
Bob Van Alstine, Tribal Profile: "Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi", Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan
1970 establishments in Michigan
American Indian reservations in Michigan
Anishinaabe communities in the United States
Anishinaabe reservations and tribal-areas in the United States
Calhoun County, Michigan
Federally recognized tribes in the United States
Great Lakes tribes
Indigenous peoples in the United States
Native American tribes in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottawaseppi%20Huron%20Band%20of%20Potawatomi |
"I Like 'Em Big and Stupid" was the debut single by comedian and singer Julie Brown. It was self-released by Brown in 1983 in 12-inch and 7-inch vinyl record formats. The song is a 1980s-style pop song with comedic lyrics about the protagonist's desire for a handsome, hunky muscle-stud who is not very bright (or as she sings, "Superman with a lobotomy"). The 12-inch version contained an extended dance mix and the B-side on all releases, "The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun", was played on The Dr. Demento Show, and received airplay on Top 40 and Modern Rock stations around the US in 1984. Both songs appeared that year on Brown's next release, Goddess in Progress.
Brown re-recorded the song for her 1987 album Trapped in the Body of a White Girl, and it was filmed for inclusion in Earth Girls Are Easy, but this sequence was ultimately removed from the movie (the scene is included in the DVD extras) though it is heard playing in the background during a scene in the film. Additionally, Brown performed the song in the stage version of Earth Girls.
The cover of the single is a pastiche of the back cover of Madonna's Like a Virgin record. Brown would go on to be known for making fun of Madonna, particularly in her scathing mockumentary Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful.
References
Julie Brown songs
1984 debut singles
1984 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Like%20%27em%20Big%20and%20Stupid |
Jorge Ruiz (born January 22, 1958 in San Andrés, in the province of Buenos Aires), is a former field hockey player from Argentina, who later became a coach in his sport and guided the Men's National Team – first as an assistant, later as head coach – at the 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. After the 2005 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge he resigned and was replaced by Argentina's women's head coach Sergio Vigil.
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Argentine male field hockey players
Argentine field hockey coaches
Olympic field hockey players for Argentina
Field hockey players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Field hockey players at the 1983 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Ruiz%20%28field%20hockey%29 |
Dialog Axiata PLC (, ) (formerly known as MTN Networks and later Dialog Telekom), is one of Sri Lanka's largest telecommunications service providers, and the country's largest mobile network operator with 17.4 million subscribers which amounts to 57% of the Sri Lankan mobile market. Dialog is a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad which owns 83.32% controlling stake of the company, while the rest is held by the public.
Dialog was Listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in 2005 June As of February 2017 Dialog Axiata holds billion () in market capitalization and the 5th largest listed company in Sri Lanka by Market Capitalization. In 2015 "Dialog" brand name was valued at LKR 28.6 billion (US$204 million) and as the 3rd most valuable brand in the country by business magazine LMD in its annual study. In 2014 the company received the highest "Platinum" rating in the country's Corporate Accountability Index for the 4th consecutive year.
Dialog operates on 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G LTE, 5G communications networks, and became the first operator to launch commercial 3G and HSPA+ operations in South Asia when it rollout the network on 16 August 2006. In April 2013 Dialog Axiata launched its mobile 4G LTE services using 10Mhz of spectrum in 1800Mhz band becoming the first operator to launch commercial FD-LTE network in South Asia, initially delivering peak data rates of 100 Mbit/s. Dialog Axiata was also the first to introduce the 5G network in Sri Lanka.
In addition to its core business of mobile telephony, the company operates a number of services including Dialog TV, a Direct To Home Satellite TV service, and Dialog Global which provides international telecommunication services. Dialog Broadband offers fixed-line and broadband internet services, whilst Dialog Tele-Infrastructure is the company’s national telco infrastructure arm.
Dialog was the first mobile operator to cover the Jaffna peninsula in Northern Sri Lanka within 90 days of the ceasefire agreement in 2002 and again in 2009 was the first mobile operator to extend its GSM network to the areas in the North and East Province where the war was fought, and presently has 80% market share in the region.
Dialog Axiata is an investor under the aegis of the Board of Investment of Sri Lanka and has invested over US $1.96 billion towards the development of telecommunications infrastructure, thus becoming the single largest contributor to Sri Lankan foreign direct investment (FDI) to date.
History
MTN Networks (Pvt) Ltd (1993–2005)
Dialog was incorporated in 1993 as MTN Networks (Private) Limited with 90% of equity through Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) and 10% by Capital Maharaja being the local promoters to the investment. Telekom Malaysia (TM) is the Majority owned by the Government of Malaysia, and is the incumbent and dominant fixed-line telecom operator in Malaysia. At the time of setup, MTN was the 4th entry to the Sri Lankan Mobile market which already had 3 established operators.
In 1995 just after 2 years of incorporation, MTN Networks began its commercial operations under the brand name Dialog GSM by rolling out the first digital network in South Asia using GSM technology hence offering a superior service compared to analog networks at the time.
In 1996, the local promoters divested their stake providing complete ownership of MTN Networks to Telekom Malaysia. In mid-1997 Hans Wijayasuriya was appointed as the CEO of MTN Networks, at the age of 29 becoming the youngest CEO in a multimillion-dollar investment.
Marking another regional first Dialog GSM was the first operator in Asia Pacific to deliver international roaming in 1997.
MTN Networks was able to record its first operational profit for the financial year of 1998 when Dialog GSM had a subscriber base close to 75,000. Beginning of the new millennium brought fortunes for Dialog as in the year 2000 it was able to attain the market leader position in the mobile market surpassing the incumbent operators.
The year 2001 saw the launch of Dialog Internet, thus starting ISP operations by launching GPRS and MMS services based on existing 2G infrastructure and becoming the first GPRS and MMS operator in South Asia.
In 2004 surpassing a milestone Dialog GSM was able to attain 1 million subscriber base and to commission its 500th 2G base station.
Dialog Telekom PLC (2005–2010)
In March 2005 MTN Networks Pvt Ltd unveiled its new corporate identity as Dialog Telekom Ltd at a shindig witnessed by Mahathir Mohamad, Former Prime Minister of Malaysia, celebrating the Company's ten years of telecommunications infrastructure development in Sri Lanka.
In 2005, Dialog Telekom launched the largest IPO seen by the Sri Lankan capital markets in an attempt to finance expanding the network. The Dialog Telekom initial offer, which was launched on a book building structure at a price range of LKR 8 to LKR 12 per share, consists of 712.3 million ordinary shares, which is a 9.6% stake of the company. Offer was oversubscribed 3 times within an hour of opening and Dialog Telekom was able to raise LKR 8.55 Billion (US$77 million) in fresh capital making this the largest IPO to date in the country.
Dialog Telekom made history on the first trading day when trading commenced at a price of LKR 14.25 making Dialog Telekom the first Sri Lankan Company to reach the US$1 billion market capitalization mark.
In 2005 December, Dialog Telekom Acquired 100% stake of MTT Network Pvt Ltd for LKR 1.86 Billion (US$19.2 million). At the time of Acquisition MTT was the leading digital transmission and backbone provider for other Cellular operators and television stations. Other than that MTT also operated CDMA telephony services and external gateway operations. Pursuant to the Acquisition MTT was renamed Dialog Broadband Networks Pvt Ltd (DBN) which as a fully owned subsidiary of Dialog Telekom and continued providing service to MTT clientele and also expanded on CDMA operations.
In 2006 December, Dialog Telekom completed the takeover of troubled DTH satellite television provider CBN SAT (Private) Ltd for LKR 523.8 million (US$4.6 million) marking Dialog's entry into the television segment thus positioning itself as a quadruple play service provider. CBNsat was re-branded as DialogTV and operates as a fully owned subsidiary of Dialog Telekom.
Chief Executives
The following is a chronological list of people who have served as chief executive officer of Dialog Axiata PLC in its history
Mr. Mohammed Said Mohammed Ali (1993–1996)
Datuk Zaini Diman (1996–1997)
Dr. Hans Wijayasuriya (1997–2016)
Mr. Supun Weerasinghe (2017 – present)
Mobile
Dialog Mobile has island-wide coverage with over 3,000 2G/3G sites and over 4000 4G Dialog sites. 5G Coverage has already been provided in certain suburbs of the Colombo District & Gampaha District & Galle district.
All towers in the network were 3G enabled to provide data services to consumers in all parts of the island, while all key urban and sub-urban areas were covered with 4G network capabilities.
Television
Dialog Television is a Direct To Home (DTH) satellite television service operated by Dialog. Dialog Television channels focus on news, entertainment and knowledge based programming. It provides international content including CNN, BBC, HBO, Cinemax, AXN, Star Sports, Discovery Channel, MTV and Cartoon Network, in addition to a portfolio of Sri Lankan television channels. Dialog Satellite TV uses Digital Video Broadcasting through Satellite DVB-S technology. DTV is the only pay TV operator in Sri Lanka to have island-wide coverage and was the first to introduce DVB-T(terrestrial) technology in Sri Lanka. As of September 2021, there are over 1.7 million Dialog Television subscribers.
Fixed Line
Dialog Broadband Networks (DBN), DBA Dialog (, ), is Sri Lanka's largest fixed phone operator with an island wide digital wireless network. The company uses technologies such as VoLTE, DECT, E-1 R2/PRI, CorDECT etc., to connect thousands of residential customers and businesses. Dialog Axiata PLC acquired Suntel in 2012 under and now it is operated by its subsidiary Dialog Broadband Networks (Pvt) Ltd.
Services
Fixed Phone Services (VoLTE)
Internet (TD-LTE)
Managed Services
Internet Data Center Facilities
Virtual Private Networking (MPLS-VPN's)
Corporate Data Networks
Global
Dialog Global, the international arm of Dialog Axiata, provides international services with voice roaming coverage of 230 countries on 670 networks, 4G LTE roaming coverage of 88 countries on 210 networks including bilateral partnerships with global carriers. dilog
See also
Dialog i43
Dialog K35
Dialog K45
References
External links
Axiata
Vodafone
Telecommunications companies of Sri Lanka
Companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialog%20Axiata |
Warehorne is a village and civil parish in the south of the Ashford Borough of Kent, England. It is a scattered community centred on the Hamstreet to Tenterden road (B2067) around seven miles SSW of Ashford. The Royal Military Canal passes through the south of the civil parish.
Be aware, the bellringing at St Matthews Church is not safe.
The first recorded mention of Warehorne is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of Ecgberht, King of Wessex of 820 AD, where it is called Werehornas.
The Domesday Book of 1086 mentions Warehorne by name and states that a church existed there. The present church (St Matthews) shows no sign of Saxon or of Norman work.
Warehorne was also where Reverend Richard Harris Barham, the author of The Ingoldsby Legends, resided for a short while.
Geography
The settlement is in four main parts:
The main part of Warehorne is near the central village green.
The grade I listed St Matthew's Church and The Woolpack Inn are linked by a tunnel built by smugglers.
A second part of the village is known as the Leacon. This is sited at the crossroads on the B2067 and contains the former schoolhouse and now abandoned cricket field.
The remainder of mostly forested Warehorne (one third of the area and all in the northern half) contains the former World's Wonder pub and borders on the village of Kenardington.
Part of the larger village of Hamstreet falls within Warehorne's parish boundaries, enabling the village to have sufficient population to retain its own civil parish council. The Saxon Shore Way links Warehorne with Hamstreet where the nearest shops and railway station can be found.
References
External links
Warehorne Site
Warehorne Parish Council
Warehorne History Resources
St. Matthews Church
Village Hall
Parish church
Statistical civil parish overview - map
GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of Warehorne, in Ashford and Kent | Map and description, A Vision of Britain through Time.
Rev. Richard Barham
Ricard Barham Wikipedia
The Ingoldsby Legends
Villages in Kent
Villages in the Borough of Ashford
Civil parishes in Ashford, Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehorne |
Orlestone is a mid-sized civil parish in Ashford District, Kent, England, with a population of 1,407. The centre of the parish is Hamstreet village which falls almost entirely within it but has a small fraction in the parish of Warehorne. The civil parish here reflects the very longstanding dominance of Orlestreet as its ecclesiastical parish boundary and provides a third alternative to most residents of Hamstreet to their village name, other than 'Ham Street'. Hamstreet is bypassed by the A2070 road, six miles south of Ashford.
Description
Most of the population live in a cross-civil parish settlement at the middle and edge of Orlestone, which is Hamstreet.
Orlestone itself is a small hamlet with a typical short street number of houses and the medieval parish church of St Mary the Virgin, parts of which date to the 11th century. Much of the population moved to Hamstreet (originally known as Ham) when the Ashford to Hastings railway opened in 1853; there was also a better source of water at the newer place.
Eponymous places in the civil parish are Orlestone Forest, and buildings such as Orlestone Grange and Orlestone Riding Centre (near Shadoxhurst). Also a neighbourhood of Hamstreet built in 2006 has been named Orlestone View.
As with Warehorne the north of the area is forested.
Transport
Ham Street railway station is central to Hamstreet and is also in approximately the midpoint of this parish.
Hamstreet is also served by the 11/11A/11B bus, which is operated by Stagecoach and runs from Ashford to Lydd and New Romney.
References
External links
Parish Council website
Statistical civil parish overview - map
Borough of Ashford
Civil parishes in Ashford, Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlestone |
The Victoria Institution is the oldest secondary school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is a memorial school, so-called because it was partly funded by public subscription intended for the erection of a permanent memorial to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887. The establishment of the school was further supported by financial contributions from the Sultan and government of Selangor, prominent Kuala Lumpur residents, and the general public.
The school reverted to its original name (instead of SMK Victoria) in February 2009, after being granted approval in recognition of its having been declared part of Malaysia's national heritage.
The Victoria Institution is a secondary school for male students only from Form 1 to 5. Female students are accepted for Form 6 (Lower and Upper). The school is widely known as VI, and a student of the Victoria Institution is known as a Victorian.
Performing well both academically and in sports, the VI is considered one of the best non-residential schools in Malaysia. In 2007, VI was named as a Cluster School of Excellence by the then Minister of Malaysian Ministry of Education, Hishamuddin Hussein.
The post-war period
On 13 September 1945, the school was the site of the formal surrender of the 29th Imperial Japanese Army to Lieutenant-General Ouvry Roberts of the 34th Indian Corps.
School buildings
The former building (1893–1929)
Foundation stone and early years
The school's foundation stone was laid by on 14 August 1893 by Lady Treacher, who was the wife of Selangor Resident at that time; Sir William Hood Treacher. The school was opened on 28 July 1894. This original school building is located at Jalan Tun H.S. Lee, right next to the site of present-day Pasar Seni LRT/MRT station.
Status of former building after the completion of new building
This building was then used as a premise of the Technical College (now Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) up until the 1950s when the new Technical College building at Jalan Gurney (now Jalan Semarak) was completed and officially opened on the 1 March 1955 by Sir Donald MacGillivray, the then British High Commissioner to Malaya.
After the Technical College had moved out, the old VI building was used as a school again, as High Street School, which in turn moved to Setapak and became known as Setapak High School.
The old VI building was then managed around the 1980s by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall as a cultural centre, known as Taman Budaya, until it was burnt down by a fire in 1999. Restoration work was made from 2002 to 2005 by JTK Consult. The department is now run as the National Department For Culture & Arts.
The current building (1929–present)
As the VI's former location was frequently flooded by the nearby Klang River during heavy downpours, the Victoria Institution moved to Jalan Hang Tuah (formerly known as Shaw Road) on 26 March 1929.
The Victoria Institution has a clock tower overlooking two sports pavilions at its façade, and a large field, surrounded by colonial-era trees (yellow flame trees and palms). The VI also has its own 25-metre swimming pool and synthetic track for 100 metres sprint events, making it the only school in the region with these facilities at that time.
Student life
Traditions and heritage
The VI is also home to the oldest cadet corps in the country, the Victoria Institution Cadet Corps (affiliated with the Malaysian Army and the first to receive Colours in 1960 in honor of the role played in the Second World War), the oldest cadet corps band in the country, the Victoria Institution Cadet Corps Band, and the oldest scout group in the country, the First Kuala Lumpur Scout Troop. The First Kuala Lumpur Scout Troop split into two troops in 1933 thus establishing the First Kuala Lumpur Scout Troop and the Second Kuala Lumpur Scout Troop. The official name of the Second Kuala Lumpur Scout Troop today is the Victoria Scout Group.
Sports
The school's cricket ground first witnessed an international match when Ireland played Gibraltar in the 1997 ICC Trophy, which was hosted by Malaysia. Eight matches in that competition were played at the school premises. The ground also played host to three List A fixtures played in the cricket competition at the 1998 Commonwealth Games. These fixtures saw Pakistan play Scotland, Canada play India, and Malaysia play Jamaica.
Alumni Association
The Alumni Association of the VI is known as the VIOBA (Victoria Institution Old Boys' Association) and was founded in 1922. The games competition between the Current Victorians and the Old Boys is for the Daniel Shield and this tournament is held every year. There is a similar Alumni Association in Singapore, the VIOBA Singapore.
Notable alumni
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei
Yusof Mohamed Alam, prince consort and cheteria of Brunei
Ismail Mohd Ali, first Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia
Ananda Krishnan, businessman and Malaysia's 2nd richest man
Francis Yeoh, Managing Director of YTL Corporation
Syed Amin Aljeffri, Malaysian entrepreneur
Mohamed Hashim bin Mohd Ali, General (Rtd), 9th Commander, Chief of Defence Forces
Raja Petra Kamarudin, political activist, founder of the Malaysia Today website
S. Rajaratnam, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
S. Namasivayam, Singaporean artist
Rafidah Aziz, former International Trade and Industry Minister Malaysia
Zulhasnan Rafique, former Federal Territories Minister Malaysia
Ruben Gnanalingam, CEO Westports Malaysia
Wong Phui Nam, Poet
Wan Zaleha Radzi, ex-TV newscaster, celebrity, Asian Games (1998) and South-East Asian Games (1995) medallist for Equestrian
Kamahl cabaret/easy listening Australian singer and recording artist, famous for The Elephant Song
Raja Nong Chik, former Federal Territory Minister
Ramon Navaratnam, Malaysian economist
T. Sachithanandan, pioneering Malaysian anesthesiologist
Paul Tan, automotive journalist
Shafie Apdal, Minister for Domestic Trade & Consumer Affairs; Minister for Unity, Culture, Arts and National Heritage; Minister for Rural and Regional Development; VP, UMNO; Founder of WARISAN; MP for Semporna; Chief Minister and Finance Minister of Sabah, ADUN for Senallang
Tommy Thomas, Lawyer, former Attorney General of Malaysia .
Mahadev Shankar, lawyer and former Court of Appeal Judge
Gengadharan Nair, High Court Judge
Ridzwan Bakar, cardiologist, former CEO & Chairman Pantai Holdings.
Jit Murad, Comedian, Writer, Producer, Theater & TV performer, Co-founder of Instant Cafe Theatre
Amir Muhammad (director), writer and filmmaker
Sivarasa Rasiah, human rights lawyer and vice-president of Parti Keadilan Rakyat (People's Justice Party)
Omar Yoke Lin Ong, politician and member of the first Malayan Cabinet, the fifth President of the Dewan Negara.
Tan Kee Kwong, politician and former member of parliament for Wangsa Maju.
Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusomo, Lt-Gen, Indonesian Armed Forces (R), Defence Minister, Indonesia
Sri Ramachandran s/o Gopal Iyer [Gopal Sri Ram], Judge, Federal Court of Appeal, Prosecutor
Chew Wing Foong, former president of the Library Association of Malaysia and former Chairman of CONSAL
Aidit Alfian, songwriter/producer, winner of TV3's 17th Juara Lagu 2002, Keliru
Mohd Zaman Khan, former Director of Police CID & former Director General of Malaysian Prison
Khairul Annuar bin Abdul Aziz, President of Petroleum Dealers Association of Malaysia and Former President of Petronas Petroleum Dealers Association of Malaysia (2014-2022)
Sports
Mokhtar Dahari, former Malaysian Football International
Mani Jegathesan, sports icon, doctor, and researcher and deputy president of Olympic Council of Malaysia.
Misbun Sidek, National Badminton Champion and National Badminton Singles Coach
Jalani Sidek, All England Badminton Doubles Champions and National Doubles Champions
Razif Sidek, All England Badminton Doubles Champions and National Doubles Champions
Rashid Sidek, National Badminton Champion
K. Reuben, Malaysian footballer
Shafiq Sharif, Malaysian National team cricketer
Choo Min Wang, Malayan Chess Champion (1958)
Foo Kok Keong, National Badminton Player, former world number 1
Soo Beng Khiang, member, 1992 victorious Malaysian Thomas Cup team
Yeoh Teck Chye, member, 1949 victorious Malayan Thomas Cup team
Lall Singh, former Indian Test cricketer
Shahrin Majid, footballer, Malaysian Football International
Yap Wai Loon, footballer, Malaysian Football International
Sieh Kok Chi, Malaysian Water Polo player, Secretary-General, Olympic Council of Malaysia
Hadin Azman, Malaysian footballer, Penang F.C.
Mohd Khairi Zainudin, Malaysian footballer
William Mei York Liang, Championship Racing driver
Zainon Mat, Captain, Malaysian Cricket team (1980s)
Khiew Hoe Yean, Malaysian Swimmer
Muhamad Harith Akif, Malaysian Footballer Kelantan F.C.
References
Victoria Institution webpage
Victoria Institution Old Boys' Association
Victorian personalities
The Victorian (Annual school magazine)
External links
The Victoria Institution Web Page
Secondary schools in Malaysia
Educational institutions established in 1893
1893 establishments in British Malaya
Boys' schools in Malaysia
Secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur
Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Institution |
Bernie Fabiosa (born July 23, 1954) is a retired Filipino professional basketball player and actor. He spent most of his playing days with the Crispa Redmanizers in the PBA. During his heyday, he is tops in career steals, earning for himself the monicker The Sultan of Swipe.
Playing career
Fabiosa played 17 seasons in the PBA from 1975 to 1991. In 1981, he led the league in assists, tallying 8.4 points, 3.6 assists and 1.6 steals across his name. He also led the league in steals for seven seasons.
Bernie remained as one of Crispa's starters and kept his place as the Redmanizers' top assist man. When Crispa disbanded at the end of the 1984 PBA season, he was acquired by newcomer Shell Azodrin. He played two seasons for Shell before being traded and reunited with Crispa's old pals and former coach Baby Dalupan at Great Taste.
A dislocated shoulder caused by a nasty fall midway through the 1988 PBA season drastically affected his marketability. He had no takers when the 1989 season opened and Bernie played briefly for Crispa 400 in the PABL before being recalled by his former team Presto Tivoli. Fabiosa's comeback was unsuccessful as he suited up for only five games during the season.
In 1990, the Purefoods Hotdogs signed him up as coach Baby Dalupan believes he could still get some mileage from the veteran and one of the six remaining pioneers of the league. The following year, he suited up for Diet Sarsi and played 22 games in the All-Filipino Conference before retiring for good.
He finished his career with 6,597 points, 2,853 assists and 1,235 steals in 788 games. He converted 1,414/1,876 FTs for a career average of 75.4%. He is ranked No. 3 in all-time steals behind only Johnny Abarrientos and Ramon Fernandez.
In 2000, he was inducted to the all-time PBA 25th anniversary team.
Retirement and later career
After his playing days were over, Fabiosa dabbled into acting together with former Crispa teammate Atoy Co, where he took minor supporting roles in action movies.
Filmography
Source: Bernard Fabiosa - IMDb
Personal life
Fabiosa was previously married to former beauty queen Marilyn Manansala, with whom he has two children, Magnolia and Byron. He was also in a relationship with singer Malu Barry, with whom he has a child named Bernice.
Among his friends, he considered Philip Cesar and Atoy Co as his bestfriends. They called themselves PBA back in the old times, which stands for Philip, Bernard and Atoy.
He migrated to the United States in 2005 and now lives in Northridge in the northern California valley with his wife, Dr. Almi Valenzuela, a dentist.
References
1954 births
Living people
Filipino men's basketball players
Basketball players from Bohol
Male actors from Bohol
Point guards
Crispa Redmanizers players
Shell Turbo Chargers players
Great Taste Coffee Makers players
Magnolia Hotshots players
Pop Cola Panthers players
USJ-R Jaguars basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie%20Fabiosa |
Arwa al-Sulayhi, full name Arwā bint Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar ibn Mūsā aṣ-Ṣulayḥī (, c. 1048–1138, died 22nd Shaban, 532 AH or May 5, 1138 was a long-reigning ruler of Yemen, firstly as the co-ruler of her first two husbands and then as sole ruler, from 1067 until her death in 1138. She was the last of the rulers of the Sulayhid Dynasty and was also the first woman to be accorded the prestigious title of Hujjah in the Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam, signifying her as the closest living image of God's will in her lifetime, in the Ismaili doctrine. She is popularly referred to as As-Sayyidah Al-Ḥurrah (), Al-Malikah Al-Ḥurrah ( or Al-Ḥurratul-Malikah (), and Malikat Sabaʾ Aṣ-Ṣaghīrah ().
As female sovereign, Arwa has an almost unique position in history: though there were more female monarchs in the international Muslim world, Arwa and Asma bint Shihab were the only female monarchs in the Muslim Arab world to have had the khutbah, the ultimate recognition of Muslim monarchial status, proclaimed in their name in the mosques. She founded several mosques, the most prominent of which is Queen Arwa Mosque.
Arwa was the first queen regnant in the Muslim world. Through her title of hujjah, she is the only Muslim woman to ever wield both political and religious authority in her own right.
Her political career can basically be divided into four parts. The first spans the period from her marriage to al-Mukarram Ahmad in 1065 until the death of her mother-in-law Asma in 1074. During this period, there is no evidence that she held any political power. The second begins after Asma's death, and Ahmad began to delegate all power to Arwa at that point until his 1086 death. Third, after his death, Arwa wielded power as queen mother to her son Abd al-Mustansir, and she was also ordered by al-Mustansir to marry Saba' al-Sulayhi (although never consummated) for legitimacy and then was nominally consort even if she held the real power. Finally, after Saba's death in 1097 or 1098, Arwa reigned as sole queen in her own right, with no male nominally in charge.
Name
The name Arwa () literally means "female ibex". It is also a traditional Muslim name for girls connoting gracefulness, beauty, softness, and liveliness. There is some controversy over whether this was actually her real name - S.M. Stern and Sultan Naji, for example, argue that Arwa's real name was Sayyidah, not Arwa. Stern suggested a possible confusion with a different Sulayhid princess named Arwa, and Naji wrote that she is "wrongly called Arwa". However, Abbas Hamdani says that early Isma'ili sources do in fact call her Arwa, such as Idris Imad al-Din and one version of 'Umara al-Yamani's Tarikh. The name "as-Sayyidah al-Hurrah", or "the noble lady", is used in these texts as an honorific title "qualifying the name Arwa". Hamdani says Arwa was probably known interchangeably by both names during her own lifetime. Samer Traboulsi argues that the names "Sayyidah" and "Sayyidah Hurrah" are "titles used out of respect" and that Arwa was her actual name.
Sources
There are three main sources for Arwa's life. The first is the Ta'rikh al-Yaman, or "History of Yemen", by the 12th-century Umara al-Yamani. Umara was a Fatimid sympathizer, despite being a Sunni, who settled in Egypt in 1164. His book covered the Sulayhid dynasty and influenced later chroniclers like Taj al-Din al-Yamani, Ali al-Khazraji, and Yahya ibn al-Husayn.
The second is the 'Uyun al-Akhbar wa Funun al-Athar, by Idris Imad al-Din, the 19th Tayyibi Isma'ili da'i mutlaq who lived during the 15th century. Volume 7 of this work was dedicated to the religious doctrinal history of the Sulayhids. His work is important because, as a da'i, he had insider access to sources that would have been off-limits for others.
Finally, there is the sijillat between the Sulayhids and the Fatimids, which are important as a primary source. The Sijillat al-Mustansiriyya, which comprises 66 sijills that were sent from the Fatimid chancery to the Sulayhids, is the main source for this; it found its way to Gujarat in India.
In general, Isma'ili sources have historically been very limited because they have been off-limits to everyone except followers of the da'wah. They are found in Isma'ili libraries throughout Yemen, western India, Iran, and Central Asia but only available to approved adherents. They have also been made available through the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London. This has contributed to some of the obscurity surrounding Arwa and her life. Another contributing factor is that Egyptian (such as Ibn Muyassar, al-Maqrizi, and Ibn Taghribirdi) and Iraqi (such as Ibn al-Athir) historians generally paid little attention to Yemen during the Fatimid era.
Life and reign
Arwa was born in 1047 or 1048 CE (440 AH) to Ahmad ibn al-Qasim al-Sulayhi and al-Raddah al-Sulayhi. The Sulayhid ruler Ali al-Sulayhi was her paternal uncle. Her father (Ahmad) died while she was young (the exact date is never stated) and her mother remarried 'Amir ibn Sulayman al-Zawahi, a member of an allied tribe who would later become one of Arwa's major political rivals. After her father's death, Arwa was raised in the royal palace under Ali and Asma. The royal couple supposedly realized her intelligence early on and provided her with the best education available. (According to Umara, the Sulayhids in general took pride in providing good education for their women.)
In 1065/6 (458 AH), around the age of 18, Arwa was married to her paternal cousin, the wali al-ahd (crown prince) al-Mukarram Ahmad. This marriage was arranged by Ali shortly after his older son and original heir al-A'azz died. As her mahr, or bride wealth, Ali gave Arwa the net yearly revenue from the city of Aden, which amounted to 100,000 dinars. This was paid by the Ma'nid emirs of Aden, but they later suspended its payment when Ali died, only to be resumed when al-Mukarram Ahmad restored Sulayhid authority there.
Arwa had four children with al-Mukarram Ahmad: Fatimah (d. 1140), who married Ali b. Saba'; Umm Hamdan (d. 1122), who married her cousin Ali al-Zawahi; and two sons Muhammad and Ali who both died in childhood around 1087.
As queen consort
In 1067, Ali al-Sulayhi was killed by the Najahid ruler of Zabid, Sa'id. Queen Asma was taken prisoner in Zabid along with several other women. Al-Mukarram Ahmad succeeded Ali as both king and da'i, bringing Arwa to the new rank of queen consort. Local rulers across Yemen were rising up in defiance of Sulayhid authority, hoping to take advantage of the power vacuum after Ali's death. Ahmad spent the next few years campaigning to try and reassert his authority, which he eventually succeeded at doing.
According to Shahla Haeri and Taef El-Azhari, there is no evidence that Arwa was ever in a position of political or religious authority during this period. According to Samer Traboulsi, however, al-Mukarram's absence during his continuous campaigning would have given Arwa a chance to play a political role.
The role of Asma bint Shihab at this point is disputed, as is her influence on Arwa. According to Fatema Mernissi, Asma had in effect been co-ruler of Yemen alongside her husband Ali during his life, and then was the power behind the throne during al-Mukarram's nominal reign. Taef El-Azhari, however, says that this assertion is not supported by contemporary sources - while they do portray Asma as a highly esteemed individual, there is only one instance of her actually setting policy: in 1063, when she got her brother As'ad appointed as deputy over the Tihama region. As a result, El-Azhari says, Asma was probably not a major influence on Arwa's political career. On the other hand, Delia Cortese and Simonetta Calderini suggest that Umara's account of Asma convincing her son to wage war on another tribe indicates that she did wield political influence during his reign. They also point to Ibn Khaldun, who "candidly" wrote that Asma was the one who was really in charge during her son's early reign. Meanwhile, Shahla Haeri says that Asma was "in charge of political affairs and governance, controlling sensitive strategic information and managing all state and financial matters" until her death, and that Arwa "might have learned from Asma simply by observing her or assisting her in her various official duties, given the close relationship between the two women and the ease with which Arwa replaced her mother-in-law after her death".
1074–1084: regency for al-Mukarram Ahmad
Asma died in 1074/5 (467 CE), and Ahmad became bedridden due to paralysis soon after. Based on Umara's account, Ahmad's paralysis (or paraplegia) may have been caused by wounds sustained in battle at Zabid against the Najahids at the start of his reign. While Ahmad remained the de jure ruler of Yemen, Arwa became the de facto sovereign as he delegated all power to her.
According to Husain Hamdani (1931), Ahmad delegated responsibility to Arwa because he "honored the counsel of his wife and had great faith in her shrewdness and intelligence". The 12th-century account by Umara al-Yamani, however, attributes this decision to Ahmad having "given himself up to the pleasures of music and wine" and wanting to pass off the responsibility of governing to his wife. In Umara's version, Arwa was reluctant to accept this authority, saying "a woman who is [still] desirable in bed is not suitable for running a state". Cortese and Calderini say that "while this statement is presented as an expression of her personal reservations, one suspects that it was indeed constructed by the panegyrist Umara as a device to praise her modesty by showing her reluctance to be thrown into the spotlight." Umara may have also been uncomfortable with this gender role reversal and needing to find a culturally acceptable rationalization for it.
In practice, whether Umara's description of her reluctance is true or not, Arwa seems to have had "few, if any, qualms about her gender or the extent of her political authority". Not long after becoming regent, she made two important decisions. The first was moving the capital from Sanaa to Dhu Jibla, further south. Ostensibly this was for medical reasons on Ahmad's behalf. Most likely, however, the decision to relocate was made because the Sulayhids wanted a better capital than Sanaa, "where Sulayhid authority was being eroded". Arwa marched in person at the head of an army to Dhu Jibla, where she enlarged the city and supervised personally the construction of the new Dar al-'Izz palace. She would reside here for most of the year, while al-Mukarram would reside in the nearby citadel of al-Ta'kar.
The second decision she made was the bold move to have the khutbah proclaimed in her name, after those of the caliph and her husband. This is the first time the khutbah was ever said in a woman's name.
In contrast to her mother-in-law, Queen Asma, Arwa did not appear unveiled when she attended councils as Asma had famously done. The reason for this was reported because she was much younger than her mother-in-law, it would have potentially been more scandalous in her case to follow that example. However, although she was veiled, she still attended state councils in person and thus mixed with men, and refused to conduct the meetings hidden by a screen.
In 1075 she made a move against the Najahid leader Sa'id al-Ahwal, leading to "the mother of all battles", as Umara described it. The Najahids were devastated, and Arwa had Sa'id's head displayed directly under her room's window at the palace at Dhu Jibla. This was both to avenge Ali's death and to "show her strength and determination domestically, in addition to eliminating the Najahids in her western territories".
Arwa's extensive correspondence with the Fatimid chancery is first attested during this period, in the form of three sijills addressed to her between 1078 and 1080. The first (#44) is dated to August 1078, the second (#20) is from April 1080, and the third (#21) is undated but probably was also sent in 1080. Another, sijill #51, was sent to her from the Fatimid queen mother Rasad in 1078. These sijills do not call Arwa "queen", but they do give her extensive titles such as "deputy of the commander of the faithful". The first and third don't even mention Ahmad, the nominal ruler, indicating that the Fatimids at this point recognized Arwa as the de facto sovereign over Yemen.
Important members of Arwa's administration during the 1070s included the qadi 'Imran al-Yami and Abu al-Futuh ibn As'ad. Her mother's husband 'Amir al-Zawahi and her own husband's cousin Saba' ibn Ahmad al-Sulayhi, who both went on to play an important role in the 1080s, are not mentioned in historical chronicles during the 1070s. They likely were already important during this period but the chronicles simply do not mention them yet.
1084–1097/8: regency for Abd al-Mustansir and marriage to Saba' ibn Ahmad
Al-Mukarram Ahmad died at al-Ta'kar in October 1084. He left a will stating that his cousin Saba' should succeed him. Arwa concealed the news of her husband's death and wrote to the Fatimids to request the appointment of her 10-year-old son Abd al-Mustansir Ali as the official new Sulayhid ruler. The reply came in a sijill dated to July 1085 and described Arwa as "the one on whom the caliph would depend to guard the da'wah, and to loyally serve Fatimid affairs".
This was an especially precarious transitional period, and some tribal leaders used the chance to challenge Arwa's authority. Aden and other areas again seceded from Sulayhid rule. This period witnessed the most intensive correspondence between the Fatimids and Sulayhids, with as many as 11 sijills sent concerning the succession of Abd al-Mustansir.
At about this time, the Fatimid caliph issued an unprecedented decree that raised Arwa to the rank of hujjah - the highest rank in the Isma'ili hierarchy after the caliph himself. This decree, unfortunately, only survives in a quotation from Idris Imad al-Din. It said Arwa had been given this rank because she had received the "wisdom and science of the imam" by some of the da'wah's most esteemed members (probably referring to Lamak ibn Malik). As a result, she was now to be considered a model religious figure whose example should be followed by the Isma'ili community.
Whether Arwa was hujjah in religious matters or solely a political figurehead is debated. Husain Hamdani writes that Arwa was given full authority over both spiritual and political matters, while Delia Cortese and Simonetta Calderini say that al-Mustansir's decision must have been based on solid theological ground. On the other hand, Samer Traboulsi argues that her role as hujjah was essentially symbolic and she had no role in actually running the da'wah in Yemen - that was done by Lamak ibn Malik. There is no evidence that women were actually ever allowed to hold any positions within the da'wah outside of her unique case. Her appointment was political, rather than religious, and was motivated by the Fatimids wanting to promote stability in the region by authorizing Arwa (who was already an experienced political figure). Abbas Hamdani similarly says that Arwa's "institutional authority was also more concentrated on 'the temporal side'", and Farhad Daftary says that "the term hujjah was also used in a more limited sense".
Whatever the exact nature of her hujjah-ship was, Arwa now ruled Yemen as regent for her son Abd al-Mustansir, with Lamak in charge of administering the da'wah. She also empowered Saba', who held the title amir al-ajall, to oversee the security of the Sulayhid state. She also put him in charge of her sons' education.
Saba' was unsuccessful in his new task as a military leader and his army was defeated in 1086 by a Najahid-Zaydi coalition. Not long after this defeat, Arwa's stepfather, 'Amir ibn Sulayman al-Zawahi, rose in revolt against Saba'. The sources are silent about the causes for this conflict but it was probably over control of the Sulayhid state - as a woman, Arwa was seen as unfit to rule.
Arwa sent a letter to al-Mustansir explaining the precarious situation in Yemen. Her letter has not survived, but the sijill al-Mustansir sent in reply has. In it - the only one of his 66 sijills to be directed to the general public - he admonished the people to obey Arwa's authority, because he had only given her authority once he was sure of her wisdom and piety, and to disobey her was to disobey the imam himself. Soon afterwards, the civil war ended and Saba' and 'Amir were reconciled.
Around 1090, Abd al-Mustansir died suddenly. According to Samer Traboulsi, Arwa's younger son Muhammad had already died a short while earlier, leaving Arwa as the sole ruler. According to Taef El-Azhari, on the other hand, Muhammad inherited his brother's nominal throne. In any case, Saba' started to demand his right to be king at this point and proposed marriage to Arwa.
According to some chronicles, Saba's proposal led to a military standoff with Arwa as she refused his proposal. El-Azhari considers this "highly improbable" but describes how it reflects her power. The supposed confrontation happened when Saba' quickly headed to Dhu Jibla with his army, only to be refused entry to the palace when he arrived. He waited outside for a while but eventually realized that Arwa was not going to let him marry her, so he ended up returning to his own fortress in embarrassment.
Whether this story is true or not, Saba's marriage proposal ended up getting official Fatimid support. Al-Mustansir gave this proposal his blessing and sent an ustadh (a high court official) to inform Arwa of his orders that she marry Saba'. Arwa had no choice but to obey the imam's command and agreed. The marriage contract was concluded, but it's doubtful that it was ever consummated.
This event indicates a shift in Fatimid attitudes towards Arwa. After the deaths of her sons, they were no longer willing to back her - perhaps they thought a woman should not be in power for that long - and they planned for her to be married to a man, Saba', who would then hold actual power. His marriage to Arwa would help give his rule legitimacy among the local sultans and tribal shaykhs.
Al-Mustansir died in 1094 without a clear successor, leading to a conflict over the Fatimid succession between his sons al-Musta'li and Nizar. The mother of al-Musta'li sent Arwa an epistle in 1096 (sijill #35), seeking support for her son's rule. Al-Musta'li himself followed suit soon after. Realizing the strength of al-Musta'li's political position, Arwa pragmatically chose to support him. Notably, the Fatimids never sent any sijills to Saba', even though he was nominally king at this point, indicating that Arwa still held de facto power in Yemen.
1097/8–1138: independent rule
Saba' died in 1098 (491 AH) and 'Amir died a year later, in 1099 (492 AH). Arwa was thus freed of her two main political rivals, and she was now the uncontested monarch of Yemen in her own right, without any need for marriage or sons. Arwa was publicly named al-malika, or "queen" - the first time this had ever happened in the Islamic world. This time, the Fatimids appear to have accepted Arwa as sovereign. Chroniclers like 'Umara al-Yamani or Idris Imad al-Din never mention any later Fatimid decrees expressing that they were upset with Arwa remaining in power this way, or that they objected to her policies. According to Taef El-Azhari, the reason for their acquiescence this time is because they were already preoccupied with the Nizari-Musta'li schism and, after 1097, with the First Crusade.
However, with the deaths of Saba' and 'Amir - as well as Lamak, who had died at about the same time - Arwa was left without some of her most important advisors. She appointed the loyal amir al-Mufaddal ibn Abi'l-Barakat al-Himyari to succeed Saba' as army commander and to guard the royal treasures at al-Ta'kar. Al-Mufaddal was antagonistic towards Saba's family and may have been responsible for alienating the rulers of Aden and Sanaa, who now broke away from Sulayhid rule. Al-Mufaddal led various campaigns throughout Yemen in order to restore Arwa's authority. He was most successful in bringing the Zuray'ids of Aden into submission, who agreed to pay an annual tribute of 50,000 dinars (half of what they had paid previously). Sanaa, on the other hand, broke away for good under the Hamdanids, supported by the family of Qadi 'Imran al-Yami.
In 1109, the ruler of the Tihama, Fatik, died. His successor, al-Mansur, was just an infant, and the region was plunged into civil war. Some local commanders went to al-Mufaddal and offered to pay a quarter of the Tihama's annual revenues to Arwa as tribute in return for military support. In 1110, while al-Mufaddal was away campaigning in the Tihama, there was a coup at al-Ta'kar against the deputy governor he had appointed there. Led by a group of Sunni jurists and backed by the Khawlan tribe, the coup succeeded in taking control of the citadel. Al-Mufaddal went to try and retake al-Ta'kar, but he died on the way. When Arwa heard of this, she marched in person at the head of an army - a rare occurrence - to al-Ta'kar, where she negotiated with the coup leaders and successfully brought al-Ta'kar back under her control.
After al-Mufaddal's death, Sulayhid control over Yemen weakened. Aden broke away again, and at one point even al-Ta'kar was lost again for a while. Arwa appointed al-Mufaddal's cousin, As'ad ibn Abi'l-Futuh, to succeed him as deputy, but he does not seem to have been very effective. In 1119, Arwa, now 65 years old, wrote to the Fatimids requesting assistance. The Fatimid vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah responded by sending Ibn al-Muwaffaq ibn Najib al-Dawla, who Arwa appointed commander of the army. The goal of al-Muwaffaq's mission is debated. According to Samer Traboulsi, he was sent to bring Arwa closer under Fatimid control. According to Husain Hamdani, on the other hand, he had been sent solely to assist her.
Al-Muwaffaq was able to restore Sulayhid authority over several key castles, but he was unable to retake any major cities like Aden, Sanaa, or Zabid. In 1123, the new Fatimid vizier al-Ma'mun sent 400 Armenian archers and 700 knights to reinforce him. However, the tribal leaders loyal to Arwa were expressing "some discomfort at his presence".
Meanwhile, al-Muwaffaq's victories had apparently inflated his ego, and he tried to stage a coup against Arwa and replace her as leader - he thought she was "old and feeble-minded and needed to step down". Arwa quickly led a counterattack and besieged his soldiers; meanwhile, she ordered "large sums of Egyptian money to be distributed" to the tribal leaders who were on bad terms with al-Muwaffaq. She apparently spread rumors that the money had come from al-Muwaffaq himself. Al-Muwaffaq's own mercenaries were upset and abandoned him, and he was forced to submit to Arwa. He was arrested and kept prisoner in Dhu Jibla for an unknown length of time.
The caliph al-Amir ended up recalling al-Muwaffaq. Arwa sent al-Muwaffaq back to Egypt by boat - in a wooden cage. On the same boat, she sent her trusted secretary al-Azdi as an envoy to apologize to the caliph for arresting al-Muwaffaq, along with precious gifts. They never made it to Egypt, as the ship sank on the way. Arwa was accused of paying the ship's captain to scupper it, but according to Taef El-Azhari this is unlikely because al-Azdi was also on the ship.
Religious policy
Arwa was given the highest rank in the Yemeni dawah, that of Hujjat, by Imām Al-Mustansir Billah in 1084. This was the first time that a woman had ever been given such a status in the whole history of Islam. Under her rule, Shi'ite da'is were sent to western India. Owing to her patronage of missions, an Ismāʿīlī community was established in Gujarat in the second half of the 11th century, which still survives there today as Dawoodi Bohra, Sulaymani and Alavi.
In the 1094 schism, Arwa supported Al-Musta'li to be the rightful successor to Al-Mustansir Billah. Due to the high opinion in which Arwa was held in Yemen and western India, these two areas followed her in regarding Imām al-Musta'li as the new Fatimid Caliph.
Through her support of Imām at-Tāyyīb she became head of a new grouping that became known as the Taiyabi Ismaili. Her enemies in Yemen in turn gave their backing to Al-Hafiz but they were unable to remove Sayyadah Arwa from power. The Taiyabi Ismaili believe that Imām al-Āmir bi'Aḥkāmill-Lāh sent a letter to Arwa commissioning her to appoint a vicegerent for his infant son, Imām Taiyyab. In accordance with this wish, she appointed Zoeb bin Moosa as Da'i al-Mutlaq, the vicegerent of the secluded at-Tāyyīb Abū l-Qāsim. The line of succession continues down to today through the various Taiyabi Duat.
Hafizi Ismāʿīlīsm, the following of al-Hafiz, intimately tied to the Fatimid regime in Cairo, disappeared soon after the collapse of the Caliphate in 1171 and the Ayyubid invasion of southern Arabia in 1173. But the Taiyabi dawah, initiated by Arwa, survived in Yemen with its headquarters remaining in Haraz. Due to the close ties between Sulayhid Yemen and Gujarat, the Taiyibi cause was also upheld in western India and Yemen, which gradually became home to the largest population of Taiyabis, known there as Sulaymani, Dawoodi Bohra and Alavi Bohra.
The fact that Arwa had been chosen as hujjah necessitated theological explanations for why the infallible imam would choose a woman for this position. One source is the Ghāyat al-Mawālīd by al-Sultan al-Khattab, a high-ranking da'i who played an important political and military role in the last years of Arwa's rule. Al-Khattab presented an original argument - albeit one grounded in existing Isma'ili theological principles - to justify Arwa in this role. According to him, a person's actual sex is not determined by the bodily "envelope" they physically have. Rather, their sex can only be discerned through their actions. It was possible, then, for there to be people who occupied the higher, or "male", level despite having the physical form of a woman; such as Fatimah or Khadijah. Therefore, he wrote that it was unfair to consider those with a female body envelope as spiritually inferior. A dhakar is spiritually perfect and has reached the highest levels of spiritual knowledge, while an unthā is on a lower level and can still progress with help of a dhakar. Once reaching the highest level of religious knowledge, he would immediately become a dhakar even if having the bodily envelope of a women. Arwa, he argued, had done just that since al-Mustansir's appointment of her as hujjah was because she had reached such a level of wisdom, so there was no contradiction between her sex and her rank. Al-Khattab said that a person must be judged on their knowledge and not based on physical appearance. Al-Khattab was basically claiming that Arwa was male in essence.
Building works and economic policy
In Sana'a, Arwa had the grand mosque expanded, and the road from the city to Samarra improved. In Jibla, she had a new Palace of Queen Arwa and the eponymous mosque constructed. She is also known to have built numerous schools throughout her realm. Arwa improved the economy, taking an interest in supporting agriculture.
Death and legacy
Arwa died in 1138 at the age of 90. She was buried in the mosque that she had had built at Dhu Jibla. Her tomb has since become a place of pilgrimage for Muslims of various communities, both local and foreign, although they are not always aware of her Isma'ili background. The Queen Arwa University in Sana'a is named after her.
With Arwa's death, the Sulayhid dynasty effectively came to an end. She gave all her wealth to the Tayyibi da'wah when she died, and although some members of the Sulayhids held on to scattered fortresses in the decades after her death, they were relatively insignificant.
During her own lifetime, Arwa's political role may have inspired another Yemeni woman, Alam al-Malika, to assume power as queen. Alam had been the concubine of the Najahid ruler Mansur until his assassination in 1125; she then ruled as regent for her infant son Fatik. Later queens in Yemen may have also been influenced by Arwa's legacy to take an active role in political affairs, such as the Ayyubid queen mother Umm al-Nasir in 1215, and later the Rasulid princess al-Dar al-Shamsi (d. 1295), who defended the Rasulid capital of Zabid after her father al-Mansur Umar died and was later made queen of Zabid by her brother al-Muzaffar Yusuf I.
Fatema Mernissi has lamented that Arwa, along with her mother-in-law Asma, has remained obscure both in the Muslim world and to Western scholars. Samer Traboulsi notes that, as an Isma'ili woman from Yemen, Arwa was a "triply marginalized" figure who was neglected by Muslim historians; and that if not for Ali's sack of Mecca, the medieval Islamic world would not have even heard of the Sulayhids.
Personality
Historical sources "are unanimous in their praise" of Arwa's intelligence, charisma, and political acumen. Idris Imad al-Din, for example, described her as "a woman of great piety, integrity, and excellence, perfect intelligence and erudition, surpassing men even". Umara describes her as "well-read and, in addition to the gift of writing, [she] possessed a retentive memory stored with the chronology of past time." He also described her knowledge of the Qur'an, her memory of poetry and history, and her skill in glossing and interpreting texts. In modern times, Farhad Daftary has characterized Arwa as having had an independent personality. Historical sources also describe her physical appearance, although Shahla Haeri wonders whether that many people would have seen her in person. Umara described her as "of fair complexion tinged with red; tall, well-proportioned, but inclined to stoutness, perfect in beauty of features, with a clear-sounding voice".
According to Haeri, these accounts would have relied heavily on oral tradition; El-Azhari says these "are based on her later status, thus praising her personality and wide knowledge, but without providing further detail."
In Bohra history
See also
Mustali
Sulaymanis
Taiyabi
Notes
References
Sayyida Hurra. "The Ismāʿīlī Sulayhid Queen of Yemen by Farhad Daftary"; contained in the book Women in the Medieval Islamic World, edited by Gavin R. G. Hambly
Monarchs of Yemen
Arab queens
Sulayhid dynasty
1040s births
1138 deaths
Yemeni Ismailis
Musta'li Isma'ilism
11th-century women rulers
11th-century regents
Female regents
Dawoodi Bohras
12th-century women rulers
11th century in Yemen
12th century in Yemen
11th-century Arab people
12th-century Arab people
11th-century Ismailis
12th-century Ismailis
11th-century Yemeni people
12th-century Yemeni people
Queens regnant in Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwa%20al-Sulayhi |
Richard Terrance McDermott (September 20, 1940 – May 20, 2023), nicknamed The Essexville Rocket, was an American gold and silver medal-winning Olympic speed skater.
McDermott was a surprise winner in the 500 m at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck when he beat the favorite in that distance, reigning Olympic champion Yevgeny Grishin, by half a second. His coach at the time was Leo Freisinger, the 500 m bronze medal winner of the 1936 Winter Olympics. McDermott's international career consisted exclusively of the 500 m at the Olympic Winter Games of 1960, 1964 and 1968. In 1968 he skated in unfavorable conditions, late in the day when the sun melted the ice. Yet he finished only 0.2 seconds behind the winner.
McDermott was inducted in the National Speedskating Hall of Fame on June 4, 1977. At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, McDermott took the Olympic Oath representing the judges.
McDermott worked as a barber from 1963 to 1967, and after that as a manufacturer's representative in the Detroit area. In parallel he served as a speed skating official. On February 9, 1964, he was a guest on The Ed Sullivan Show, an appearance that was overshadowed by the first U.S. performance of The Beatles. He resided in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He was married to Virginia, and has five children and an elder sister Marilyn.
McDermott died on May 20, 2023, at the age of 82.
References
External links
Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete results 1889–2002. Askim, Norway, WSSSA Skøytenytt, 2002.
Terry McDermott at SkateResults.com
1940 births
2023 deaths
American male speed skaters
Speed skaters at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Michigan
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in speed skating
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in speed skating
Olympic officials
Medalists at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Oath takers at the Olympic Games
People from Bay County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20McDermott%20%28speed%20skater%29 |
Def Jam's How to Be a Player is a 1997 American sex comedy film, starring Bill Bellamy, Natalie Desselle and Bernie Mac. The film was directed by Lionel C. Martin, and written by Mark Brown and Demetria Johnson.
The How to Be a Player Soundtrack, released by Def Jam Recordings on August 5, 1997, featured the hit single "Big Bad Mamma" by Foxy Brown featuring Dru Hill.
Plot
Drayton "Dray" Jackson (Bill Bellamy), who works as an A&R representative for Def Jam Recordings, is a playboy with only one goal in life: to have sex with as many women as possible. He dreams that he gets caught cheating on his girlfriend, Lisa, (Lark Voorhies) only to wake up from the dream to remind him not to get caught. The women he sleeps with are all a secret from Lisa, who comes over to his house for a bit to see him, before heading off for work. Dray's sister, Jenny, (Natalie Desselle) also comes by his house to remind him about the cookout. Dray becomes fascinated with Jenny's friend Katrina (Mari Morrow), and invites her to a party his friend is hosting; she tells him that she is busy.
Jenny cannot stand Dray's way of treating women. As soon as Dray leaves, she and Katrina snoop around and find Dray's mobile black book of his women. Jenny plans to set Dray up at the party in a hostile environment, hoping that Dray, if he gets caught, will reform his ways. After Jenny and Katrina call the women and receive their numbers, they both leave.
Dray makes his daily rounds of sex with his women, including his three main ones: Robin (Beverly Johnson), a married woman, Amber (Amber Smith), a sexy thespian, and Sherri (Stacii Jae Johnson), a freaky dominatrix. Afterwards, Dray goes to the cookout briefly before continuing on to the party. When he sees all of the women there, including Jenny and Katrina, he understands that he has been set up by them. He figures out a way get all of the women out of the party, without them noticing about each other and confrontation about Dray. He then heads to Jenny and Katrina to explain that when a player is put in a hostile environment, a player doesn't reform: he adapts to the situation. Dray leaves to go home and wait for Lisa to come see him after a long day at work.
While Dray is waiting for Lisa, Katrina shows up at the last minute to apologize. However, she has become fascinated with Dray and has been fantasizing about him. Before leaving, she makes a move on Dray and they have sex, apparently fulfilling her fantasy. Lisa returns, but Katrina is able to leave without her noticing. However as Lisa changes into her nightwear, she sees a dress, bra, and heels with smears of lipstick spelling out: "Busted, Adapt." Realizing that Katrina has set him up, Dray knows that he finally got caught.
Cast
Bill Bellamy — Drayton "Dray" Jackson
Natalie Desselle — Jennifer "Jenny" Jackson
Lark Voorhies — Lisa
Mari Morrow — Katrina
Pierre Edwards — David
Bernie Mac — Buster
BeBe Drake - Mama Jackson
Jermaine 'Huggy' Hopkins — Kilo
Anthony Johnson — Spootie
Max Julien — Uncle Fred
Beverly Johnson — Robin
Gilbert Gottfried — Tony the Doorman
Natashia Williams - Girl in Pink at Malibu party
Stacii Jae Johnson — Sherri
Elise Neal — Nadine
J. Anthony Brown — Uncle Snook
Amber Smith — Amber
Jerod Mixon — Kid #1
Jamal Mixon — Kid #2
Soundtrack
References
External links
1997 films
Gramercy Pictures films
African-American comedy films
1997 comedy films
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films
1997 directorial debut films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def%20Jam%27s%20How%20to%20Be%20a%20Player |
Arumana no Kiseki is a platform game by Konami for the Family Computer Disk System. It was released in Japan on August 11, 1987. In 2012, reproduction cartridges of the game were created for the NES under the title of 'Miracle of Almana'.
Synopsis
A magic red jewel, known as the Arumana, is stolen from an unnamed village. A thief runs off with the jewel and turns the entire village into stone. In order to restore the village to its former glory, the game's hero (Kaito) must track down the thief and recover the stolen jewel.
Gameplay
The player takes the role of a hero named Kaito, who bears a resemblance to Indiana Jones, and must travel through six cavernous levels in search of the stolen jewel, Arumana. The player begins with thirty throwing knives as his weapon of attack. As they venture through the levels they can find various other weapons. These include bombs, a handgun, bolas, a crystal ball that destroys everything on screen, and mines. He must destroy various cave dwelling creatures as well as soldiers, who sometimes drop weapons.
Kaito's main source of transportation is unique. Besides just walking and jumping, like most platform games, he must also use a special grappling hook to reach platforms that are too high. To make things a little more difficult, the grappling hook can only be launched from a diagonal direction and not just straight above.
The game itself is very reminiscent to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. The appearance of Kaito is not only nearly identical to the series' adventurer, but the game's cave environments and plot, which revolves around the main character recovering a jewel that grants life to a village, are very similar to his explorations. The game also borrows heavily from an earlier Konami release, Roc 'N Rope, with the main character firing ropes at platforms to cross wide chasms.
Notes
References
External links
Arumana no Kiseki at Atari HQ
1987 video games
Famicom Disk System games
Japan-exclusive video games
Konami games
Famicom Disk System-only games
Platformers
Single-player video games
Video games scored by Kinuyo Yamashita
Video games developed in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arumana%20no%20Kiseki |
This is a list of members of the 48th Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1995 to 1998, as elected at the 1995 state election held on 15 July 1995.
The Labor member for Mundingburra, Ken Davies, was initially declared re-elected at the 1995 election by a margin of 16 votes, but the result was overturned by the Court of Disputed Returns on 8 December 1995. Liberal candidate Frank Tanti won the resulting by-election on 3 February 1996, resulting in the Goss Ministry being defeated on the floor of the Assembly.
On 16 May 1996, the Labor member for Lytton, Tom Burns, resigned. Labor candidate Paul Lucas won the resulting by-election on 5 October 1996.
On 17 March 1997, the Labor member for Kurwongbah, Margaret Woodgate, resigned. Labor candidate Linda Lavarch won the resulting by-election on 24 May 1997.
See also
1995 Queensland state election
Goss Ministry (Labor) (1989–1996)
Borbidge Ministry (National/Liberal) (1996–1998)
References
Members of Queensland parliaments by term
20th-century Australian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Queensland%20Legislative%20Assembly%2C%201995%E2%80%931998 |
Sergio Vigil (born 11 August 1965 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine former field hockey player, who later became a coach in his sport. In 1997 he was appointed as the head coach of the Argentine Women's Team, that won the silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney under his guidance.
Besides that, Vigil coached Las Leonas to gold medals at the 2002 Women's Hockey World Cup, 2001 Champions Trophy and at the 1999 Pan American Games. Under his guidance, Las Leonas have also won the silver medal at the 2002 Champions Trophy and the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
Sergio has also coached Argentina men's national field hockey team from 2004 to 2008.
He won the Konex Award Merit Diploma in 2010 as one of the five best coaches of the last decade in Argentina.
References
1965 births
Living people
Argentine male field hockey players
Argentine field hockey coaches
Field hockey players from Buenos Aires
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Field hockey players at the 1987 Pan American Games
1990 Men's Hockey World Cup players
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio%20Vigil |
"This Is Such a Pity" is a song by the American alternative rock band Weezer. It is the fourth single from the band's fifth album, Make Believe. It was released to the radio on March 6, 2006. This marks the first time that Weezer has ever released a fourth single from one of their albums.
The liner notes of Make Believe credit Rivers Cuomo as the sole writer of the song, yet Brian Bell came up with the dueling guitar solo. All the keyboards on the song were done using a $75 Casio keyboard. The band tried demoing the song with more expensive Moog keyboards, but ended up being most satisfied with the Casio sound.
Cuomo claims "This is Such a Pity" to be his favorite song from Make Believe. Julian Casablancas of The Strokes has also said it is his favorite Weezer song.
Track listing
Radio Only Promo Single
"This is Such a Pity" (Radio Version) - 3:27
Mash-up video and controversy
The song only enjoyed modest success on modern rock radio, partly because the song doesn't have an official accompanying music video.
However, a mash up music video featuring footage from the 1984 breakdancing-themed movie Breakin' was uploaded to YouTube shortly after the song was announced as the fourth single off Make Believe. The clip was created by Rafael Sans, a theology student at Oral Roberts University and become an Internet phenomenon both among the band's hardcore fan base and throughout the online blogging community. The clip was even featured on the weezer.com homepage.
Yet, soon after its success, the video was banned from YouTube because, as Julie Supan, the site's senior director of marketing explained, "it was likely that the user did not have the proper authorization to upload the video, and the rights-holder contacted YouTube." Despite this, Sans later uploaded the video on Vimeo in 2009.
Personnel
Rivers Cuomo – lead guitar, lead vocals
Brian Bell – rhythm guitar
Scott Shriner – bass guitar
Patrick Wilson – drums, percussion
Rick Rubin – production
References
External links
'Such A Pity': YouTube Pulls Homemade Weezer Video, on MTV.com
Weezer songs
2006 singles
Songs written by Rivers Cuomo
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
2004 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Such%20a%20Pity |
Beijing Huaqi Information Digital Technology Co., Ltd, trading as Aigo (stylized as aigo), is a Chinese consumer electronics company. It is headquartered in the Ideal Plaza () in Haidian District, Beijing.
History
Beijing Huaqi Information Digital Technology Co Ltd (北京华旗资讯科技发展有限公司) is a consumer electronics manufacturer headquartered in Beijing. It was founded by Féng Jūn, who is the current president, in 1993. The company initially produced keyboards. aigo may be participating in a trend that sees Chinese nationals preferring to purchase locally produced durable goods.
Products
aigo's products include MIDs, digital media players, computer cases, digital cameras, cpu cooling fans, computer peripherals, and monitors.
Subsidiaries
aigo has 27 subsidiaries and several R&D facilities. An incomplete list of aigo's subsidiaries can be found here.
aigo Music
Established in 1993 and located in Beijing, aigo Music operates a digital music service much like iTunes. The first of its kind in China, it is, as of 2009, the biggest portal for legal downloading of music in the country. Strategic partnerships with Warner Music, EMI and Sony allow a wide range of music to be offered at 0.99 yuan per song.
Beijing aifly Education and Technology Co Ltd
aigo set up this English as a Second Language brand with help from Crazy English founder Li Yang.
Beijing aigo Digital Animation Institution
An aigo subsidiary that specializes in 3D animated films.
Huaqi Information Technology (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Set up in October 2003, it operates two official aigo outlet stores in Singapore.
Shenzhen aigo R&D Co Ltd
Established in 2006, this Shenzhen-based research and development facility focuses on the development of mobile multimedia software.
Sponsorships
aigo is a sponsor of a number of sporting events, the majority involving automobile racing.
Motorsport
aigo was an official partner of the Vodafone McLaren Mercedes Formula One team.
As of 2008, aigo sponsors Chinese driver "Frankie" Cheng Congfu, in A1GP racing.
aigo was an official partner of the 2007 race of champions, a racing competition that uses a variety of different vehicles.
aigo was one of the sponsors of Bryan Herta Autosports during Indianapolis 500.
Football
aigo, as of 2009, has a global strategic cooperation effort with Manchester United.
Notes
References
External links
Aigo
Aigo
aigo tagged posts @ gizmodo.com
aigo tagged posts @ engadget.com
Electronics companies of China
Chinese brands
Consumer electronics brands
Companies established in 1993
Computer storage companies
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Privately held companies of China
1993 establishments in China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigo |
Taiaroa Head is a headland at the end of the Otago Peninsula in New Zealand, overlooking the mouth of the Otago Harbour. It lies within the city limits of Dunedin. The nearest settlement, Otakou, lies three kilometres to the south.
The cape is home to a lighthouse, built in 1864, and a colony of over 100 northern royal albatrosses, which established itself in 1919 – the only such colony on an inhabited mainland. There is also the Royal Albatross Centre.
History
The headland is named for Te Mātenga Taiaroa, a 19th-century Māori chief of the Ngāi Tahu iwi. Pukekura, a significant Māori pā was located on the headland, having been established about 1650 and still occupied by Māori in the 1840s. It is associated with a daring warrior called Tarewai who was active in the 18th century. Pilot's Beach was formerly known as 'Hobart Town Beach' from the whaling tryworks established there in 1836 by the Weller brothers employing men from Hobart. Previously it was called 'Measly Beach' from its being a place where Māori went to bathe when afflicted by a measles epidemic in 1835.
Historically, several commercial whaling stations established on the peninsula and the number of whales in this area were heavily exploited.
Ruins of former coastal defences are located nearby, notably a restored Armstrong disappearing gun emplacement built in 1886 following a scare that New Zealand might be invaded by the Russians.
Wildlife
A small beach, Pilots Beach, is located just inside the harbour entrance to the south of the head, and many forms of marine life, such as New Zealand fur seals and Hooker's sea lions are often to be seen.
At Pilots beach is the largest colony of little or blue penguins remaining on the Otago Peninsula. Nearby are important breeding habitats of the threatened yellow-eyed penguin.
There may also be seen a number of dusky dolphins, orcas and migratory large whales such as southern rights and humpbacks. Their sightings in these areas are on the increase and Taiaroa Head may be one of the best vantage points along the Otago coast. The part of Taiaroa Head where northern royal albatrosses breed is managed by the NZ Department of Conservation as a nature reserve with restricted entry. On adjacent land the Otago Peninsula Trust manage a visitor centre and run guided tours into the Nature Reserve. Pilots Beach is managed as a recreation reserve by the Dunedin City.
Royal albatross colony
The first albatross egg at the head was discovered in 1919, although it was not until 1938 that ornithologist Dr Lance Richdale saw the first live fledging. Since they first successfully raised a chick at Taiaroa Head, royal albatross numbers have increased due to intensive management by reserve rangers. As time has progressed intensive wildlife husbandry methods such as are found in any threatened species programme have been developed and refined. The one important difference has been that both the adults and progeny are not held in captivity but at wild and in the case of the adults leave the colony each day while raising chicks to gather food. Intensive methods include predator control for cats, ferrets, stoats and weasels. Also in the early 1990s a new blowfly arrived and caused the death of a number of chicks by laying eggs in them while the chick was still attempting to hatch. Removing eggs from young or inexperienced parents has also occurred with these eggs being hatched in brooders.
Notes
References
Dann, C. & Peat, N. (1989). Dunedin, North and South Otago. Wellington, NZ: GP Books. .
Entwisle, Peter (1998). Behold the Moon the European Occupation of the Dunedin District 1770–1848. Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press. .
Herd, J. & Griffiths, G. J. (1980). Discovering Dunedin. Dunedin, NZ: John McIndoe. .
Further reading
External links
Royal Albatross Centre
Otago Peninsula
Forts in New Zealand
Headlands of Otago
Tourist attractions in Dunedin
Protected areas of Otago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiaroa%20Head |
The Flaming Ember was an American soul band from Detroit, Michigan, United States, who found commercial success starting in the late 1960s.
The group originally formed in Detroit in 1964. At that time they were known as The Flaming Embers, named for a local Detroit restaurant. In 1969, they signed with Hot Wax Records, (the label founded by Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Edward Holland, Jr.), after the band had recorded for a number of smaller Detroit-area labels since 1965. They recorded for Ed Wingate's Ric Tic label in 1967, but when Berry Gordy, Jr.'s Motown Records purchased Golden Records/Ric-Tic from Wingate, the Flaming Ember chose not to sign with Motown.
They dropped the "s" from its name and scored a pop and rhythm and blues hit with "Mind, Body and Soul" in 1969 (number 26 on the US Billboard pop singles chart); they hit charts again with their signature song (and heartland rock antecedent) "Westbound #9" (number 24 US pop, number 15 US Billboard R&B chart), and "I'm Not My Brother's Keeper" (number 34 pop, number 12 R&B). The three songs were all released between late 1969 and late 1970.
Follow-up efforts such as 1971's "Stop the World and Let Me Off" were not as successful. After changing their name to Mind, Body and Soul they spent the rest of the 1970s playing the Detroit bar circuit.
The band was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 1999.
The Flaming Embers reunited in 2004, played at the Rockabilly Festival in Tennessee and completed a CD.
Members
Joe Sladich, guitar (replaced by Mark McCoy in 1972, and in recent reunion), died from throat cancer
Bill Ellis, keyboards
John Goins, keyboard, backup vocals from late 1960s to mid 1970s, died December 26, 2018 from kidney failure
Jim Bugnel, bass guitar (replaced Mike Jackson in 1966)
Jerry Plunk, drums and lead vocals
Dennis Mills, bass guitar (early to mid 1970s), played in the group Mind, Body and Soul (not Flaming Ember)
Larry Gregg, drums, died on 20 April 2010
References
External links
Flaming Ember | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links
A brief history
Interview with Plunk and Bugnel
American pop music groups
American soul musical groups
Musical groups from Detroit
Ric-Tic Records artists
1964 establishments in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Flaming%20Ember |
Polar Beverages is a soft drink company based in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is a manufacturer and distributor of sparkling fruit beverages, seltzer, ginger ale, drink mixers, and spring water to customers in the United States. It is the largest independent soft-drink bottler in the United States.
It markets beverages under its flagship brand, Polar Beverages, and under the brands Adirondack Beverages, Polar Seltzer, and Cape Cod Dry. In addition to its own drinks, Polar bottles and distributes national brands for companies such as Keurig Dr Pepper. The company has two bottling plants and six distribution facilities; it also offers corporate water services and beverage vending equipment.
It is a fourth-generation, family-owned business that traces its roots to 1882; and is run by Ralph Crowley Jr., the great-grandson of founder Dennis M. Crowley.
History
Polar was founded by Ralph’s great-grandfather, Dennis Mark "Boss" Crowley. The business began in the 1880s as the J. G. Bieberbach Company, a liquor company. In 1916, the company took on the Polar name. The company stopped selling whiskey during Prohibition and began selling carbonated beverages like waters, ginger ales and drys.
Products and Flavors
Polar Beverages produces drinks flavored with natural fruit flavors. An in-house drink mixologist creates 5 limited edition varieties at two separate times of year to incorporate new flavors.
Polar Seltzer
Cranberry Clementine
Pineapple Pomelo
Toasted Coconut
Cranberry Lime
Ruby Red Grapefruit
Georgia Peach
Mandarin
Triple Berry
Vanilla
Raspberry Lime
Orange Vanilla
Strawberry Watermelon
Blueberry Lemonade
Pink Apple & Lemon
Ginger Lime Mule
Black Cherry
Lemon
Lime
Seltzer JR
Werewolf Howls
Unicorn Kisses
Yeti Mischief
Mermaid Songs
Pixie Lights
Dragon Whispers
Expedition: Flavor
Clementine Bramble
Nectarine Lemon
Cranberry Raspberry
Limited Edition
An asterisk (*) denotes a returning flavor.
Summer 2023: Raspberry Limoncello, Pineapple Guava, Seaside Watermelon Punch, Passionfruit Blueberry*, Dragon Fruit Lemonade*
Winter 2022: Black Cherry Vanilla, Pomegranate Champagne, Key Lime Grapefruit, Cranberry Bramble*, Prickly Pear & Citrus*
Summer 2022: Dragon Fruit Lemonade, Guava Mule, Passionfruit Blueberry, Pink Summer Iced Tea*, Strawberry Margarita*
Winter 2021: Prickly Pear & Citrus, Cranberry Bramble, Upside Down Plum, Pomegranate Apple*, Concord Clementine*
Summer 2021: Watermelon Mojito, Tropical Cherry, Pink Summer Iced Tea, Blackberry Mango Punch*, Strawberry Margarita*
Winter 2020: Pomegranate Apple, Concord Clementine, Grapefruit Melon Kiss, Ginger Peach*, Blackberry Citron*
Summer 2020: Strawberry Margarita, Blackberry Mango Punch, Kiwi Pink Grapefruit, Perfectly Plum Summer, Raspberry Rosé*
Winter 2019: Berry Sweet Grapefruit, Ginger Peach, Pink Lady Apple & Lemon, Blackberry Clementine*, Blood Orange Sangria*
Summer 2019: Nectarine Lemon, Strawberry Honeydew, Mango Cherry Bliss, Raspberry Rosé*, Blueberry Tangerine*
Winter 2018: Hibiscus Cloudberry, Blackberry Clementine, Vanilla Zen, Cranberry Cider*, Ginger Lime Mule*
Summer 2018: Pineapple Lemon Twist, Mango Cherry Bliss, Blueberry Tangerine, Raspberry Rosé*, Cucumber Melon*
Winter 2017: Blood Orange Sangria, Ginger Lime Mule, Blackberry Citron, Cranberry Cider*, Winter Citrus & Berry*
Summer 2017: Pineapple Grapefruit, Raspberry Rosé, Strawberry Sunrise, Mango Berry*, and Watermelon Margarita*
Winter 2016: Cranberry Cider, Pink Peach Bellini, Late Harvest Berries, Winter Citrus & Berry*, Tart Cherry & Lime*
Summer 2016: Tangerine Limeade, Watermelon Margarita, Raspberry Pink Lemonade, Mango Berry, Pomegranate Sangria*
Winter 2015: Tart Cherry & Lime, Winter Citrus & Berry, Blackberry Apple, Champagne Strawberry*, Cranberry & Clementine*
Summer 2015: Tropical Mai Tai, Strawberry Watermelon, Guava Mandarin, Blueberry Lemonade*, Pomegranate Sangria*
Winter 2014: Champagne Strawberry, Cranberry Clementine, Ginger Apple, Blackberry Bergamot, Toasted Coconut Créme
Summer 2014: Raspberry Mojito, Blueberry Lemonade, Cucumber Melon, Pomegranate Sangria, Mango Papaya
Seltzer'ade
Coconut Limeade
Pineapple Lemonade
Blood Orange Lemonade
Strawberry Lemonade
Starfruit Lemonade
Raspberry Pink Lemonade
Mango Limeade
Watermelon Lemonade
Blueberry Lemonade
Tart Cherry Limeade
Mixers
Tonic Water
Diet Tonic Water
Tonic Water With Lime
Diet Tonic Water With Lime
Club Soda
Club Soda With Lemon
Club Soda With Lime
Vichy Water
Ginger Ale
Diet Ginger Ale
Golden Ginger Ale
Ginger Ale With Green Tea
Half & Half
Diet Half & Half
Bitter Lemon
Sour Lemon
Tom Collins
Polar FROST
Arctic Twist
Black Raspberry
Kiwi Strawberry
Lemon Lime
Lemonade
Nordic Berry
Orange Mango
Pink Grapefruit
Pomegranate Berry
Polar Sparkling Dry
Pink Grapefruit Dry
Diet Pink Grapefruit Dry
Orange Dry
Diet Orange Dry
Polar Sparkling Soda
Birch Beer
Diet Birch Beer
Diet Double Fudge
Cream Soda
Diet Cream Soda
Root Beer
Diet Root Beer
Black Cherry
Diet Black Cherry
Diet Grape
Raspberry Lime
Diet Raspberry Lime
Polar Classic Cane Sugar Soda
Orange Cream
Black Cherry
Root Beer
Vanilla Cream
Polar Spring Water
Partnership with Keurig
In July 2020, Polar partnered with Keurig Dr Pepper to expand their market nationwide. Under the partnership, the Crowley family retains company ownership with direct access to Keurig's delivery and marketing network.
Mascot
A polar bear named Orson has been the company's mascot since 1902. Next to the company's billboard near I-290 in Worcester, there is a large inflatable version of Orson, which can be seen smiling and "waving" to passersby. The oversized bear is tied down by wire, to keep the bear in place during rough weather, and to prevent theft. Orson has sometimes been stolen by local fraternities as a prank.
Conflict with Coca-Cola
In 1994, Polar made a TV commercial where a polar bear considers drinking a Coca-Cola, but throws it into a recycling bin marked, "Keep the Arctic pure." The polar bear then reaches down into the freezing Arctic water and pulls out a can of Polar Seltzer and drinks from it contentedly. Coca-Cola filed a motion for an injunction against Polar in United States District Court in Boston, contending that the commercial made Coke's product appear impure.
The court granted Coca-Cola's motion because the commercial "implied that Coke [was] not pure" and misrepresented the nature and quality of Coke, thereby potentially harming the soft drink irreparably. The injunction required Polar to revise the ad. According to Polar, the judge's ruling affirmed the right of Polar to use a polar bear in its ads, but limited them from discarding the Coke can.
See also
Polar Park (baseball park)
References
External links
Polar Beverages - Official website
Hoovers.com
PSBC - The Painted Soda Bottle Collectors Association
Drink companies of the United States
American soft drinks
Companies based in Worcester, Massachusetts
Food and drink companies established in 1882
1882 establishments in Massachusetts
Economy of the Northeastern United States
Privately held companies based in Massachusetts
Food and drink companies based in Massachusetts
Soft drinks manufacturers
Family-owned companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20Beverages |
Japan was the host nation for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. It was the second time that Japan has hosted the Winter Games, after the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, and the third time overall, after the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Medalists
| width=78% align=left valign=top |
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's combined
Women
Women's combined
Biathlon
Men
Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay
Women
Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay
1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
2 One minute added per missed target.
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
1 Starting delay based on 10 km results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Women
2 Starting delay based on 5 km results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Women's 4 × 5 km relay
Curling
Men's tournament
Group stage
Top four teams advanced to semi-finals.
|}
Tie-breaker
|}
Contestants
Women's tournament
Group stage
Top four teams advanced to semi-finals.
|}
Contestants
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice dancing
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Ice hockey
Men's tournament
Preliminary round
Top team (shaded) advanced to the first round.
Consolation round
Team roster
Akihito Sugisawa
Shin Yahata
Tsutsumi Otomo
Matt Kabayama
Ryan Kuwabara
Ryan Fujita
Atsuo Kudo
Toshiyuki Sakai
Takeshi Yamanaka
Hiroyuki Miura
Yuji Iga
Dusty Imoo
Shinichi Iwasaki
Tatsuki Katayama
Makato Kawahira
Takayuki Kobori
Kunihiko Sakurai
Takayuki Miura
Steve Tsujiura
Chris Yule
Women's tournament
Group stage
The first four teams (shaded green) advanced to medal round games.
|}
Luge
Men
(Men's) Doubles
Women
Nordic combined
Men's individual
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
15 km cross-country skiing
Men's team
Four participants per team.
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
5 km cross-country skiing
Short track speed skating
Men
Women
Ski jumping
Men's team large hill
1 Four teams members performed two jumps each.
Snowboarding
Men's halfpipe
Women's giant slalom
Women's halfpipe
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Japan Olympic Committee database
Olympic Winter Games 1998, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1998 Winter Olympics
1998
Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20at%20the%201998%20Winter%20Olympics |
The Sri Lankan cricket team toured Bangladesh for cricket matches during the 2005–06 season. The Sri Lankans rested many senior players on this tour, like Chaminda Vaas, Muttiah Muralitharan (Muttiah was only left out of the ODI squad) and the captain Marvan Attapatu. The role of the captain for this series was taken over by Mahela Jayawardene. The first match of the ODI series was the last game for veteran fast bowler Khaled Mahmud.
Squads
ODI series
1st ODI
2nd ODI
3rd ODI
Test series
1st Test
2nd Test
2006 in Bangladeshi cricket
2005-06
Bangladeshi cricket seasons from 2000–01
2006 in Sri Lankan cricket
International cricket competitions in 2005–06 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Lankan%20cricket%20team%20in%20Bangladesh%20in%202005%E2%80%9306 |
Helaba, short for Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen, is a commercial bank with core regions in Hesse and Thuringia, Germany offering financial services to companies, banks, institutional investors and the public sector, both within Germany and internationally. At the same time, it is the central clearing institution and service provider for 40 percent of German savings banks. Helaba is an institution incorporated under public law. With approximately 6,300 employees and two headquarters in Frankfurt and Erfurt, the bank maintains branches in Düsseldorf and Kassel as well as offices in Berlin, Stuttgart, Munich and Muenster. On an international level, Helaba acts through branches and representative offices in Paris, London, New York, Madrid, Moscow, Shanghai, and Singapore. Frankfurter Sparkasse, the leading retail bank in the Rhine-Main region, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Helaba. The Helaba Group also comprises the online bank 1822direkt, LBS Hessen-Thüringen and WIBank. The latter implements development programmes of the State of Hesse. Further Helaba subsidiaries are Helaba Invest Kapitalanlagegesellschaft, Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft and the OFB Group (real estate development).
Business activities
The business field “Wholesale customer business” comprises financial services for enterprises, banks and institutional investors. In the business field of “private customers and small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs)”, through its S-Group Bank, Helaba provides services for the S-Group savings banks in Hesse, Thuringia, North Rhine-Westphalia and Brandenburg. the framework of “public development and infrastructure business”, Helaba serves the development support programmes of the regional state of Hesse and participates in the development institutions and agencies in Hesse and Thuringia. Also GWH, one of Hesse’s biggest housing corporations, belongs to Helaba.
History
On June 1, 1953, Hessische Landesbank Girozentrale arose from the merger of Hessische Landesbank Darmstadt Girozentrale (founded in 1940), Nassauische Landesbank Wiesbaden (founded in 1940) and Landeskreditkasse zu Kassel (founded in 1832). In the 1970s, a financial scandal in relation to Tibor Rosenbaum brought Hessische Landesbank into serious difficulties. On July 1, 1992, a state treaty between Hesse and Thuringia on uniting the savings banks organizations of the two federal states brought about the creation of a joint Landesbank. As a result, it was the first Landesbank to operate outside a single federal state’s boundary. In the year 2005, Helaba acquired Frankfurter Sparkasse and thereby entered further into private customer business, which it had already conducted through its Darmstadt Branch and at its Kassel location through Landeskreditkasse zu Kassel.
In 2007, Jürgen Rüttgers and Roland Koch, the minister-presidents of North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse, tentatively agreed on approving a merger of their respective state-owned banks, Helaba and WestLB; however, WestLB was eventually broken up in 2012 after years of losses and controversy. During his time in office, CEO Hans-Dieter Brenner later advocated a merger of Helaba with DekaBank, the fund manager for the country's savings banks.
In 2014, Helaba entered a joint venture with U.S. banking group BNY Mellon and the country's 25 largest savings banks to help corporate customers to expand foreign trade with Asia. In late 2018, it acquired Dexia Kommunalbank Deutschland, the German unit of Franco-Belgian bank Dexia, for 352 million euros ($398 million).
In July 2011 it was reported that Helaba would pull out of the EU's bank stress tests to avoid public failure.
Governance
Legal form and owners
Helaba has legal capacity as an institution incorporated under public law.
Owners and guarantors of Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen are the Sparkassen- und Giroverband Hessen-Thüringen (85%) (Savings Banks and Giro Association of Hesse-Thuringia), the Federal State of Hesse (10%) and the Free State of Thuringia (5%). The governing bodies of the bank are the Owners’ Assembly, the Supervisory Board and the Board of Managing Directors. CEO of Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen is Hans-Dieter Brenner.
Board of Managing Directors
Thomas Groß
Dr Detlef Hosemann
Hans-Dieter Kemler
Frank Nickel
Christian Rhino
Christian Schmidt
Former Chairs of the Board of Managing Directors
Hans-Herbert Grüntker (2015 - 2020)
Hans-Dieter Brenner (2009 - 2015)
Dr Günther Merl (2001–2008)
Walter Schäfer (1996–2001)
Dr Hermann-Adolf Kunisch (1995–1996)
Dr Karl Kauermann (1993–1995)
Dr Herbert J. Kazmierzak (1985–1993)
Heinz Sippel (1975–1985)
Dr Wilhelm Hankel (1971–1973)
Gustav Bothe (1971)
Dr Wilhelm Conrad (1964–1971)
Dr Herbert Lauffer (1953–1964)
Headquarters
The foundation stone of the Main Tower was laid in October 1996. Three years later, the bank moved into the building. With a height of 200 metres, it is the fourth-highest skyscraper in Frankfurt. Earlier, the bank was headquartered in the adjacent building, now called Garden Towers.
Controversy
In 2023, the European Central Bank fined Helaba with 6.83 million euro ($7.29 million) for "consciously" misrepresenting its exposure to turbulent financial markets during the COVID-19 pandemic so it would need less capital; at the time, this was the second-largest levied by the ECB since taking over supervision of the euro zone's biggest lenders in 2014.
References
External links
Helaba Invest
Landesbanks
Banks based in Frankfurt
Banks under direct supervision of the European Central Bank | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helaba |
In fencing, a body cord serves as the connection between a fencer and a reel of wire that is part of a system for electrically detecting that the weapon has touched the opponent. There are two types: one for epee, and one for foil and sabre.
Description
Épée body cords consist of two sets of three prongs each connected by a wire. One set plugs into the fencer's weapon, with the other connecting to the reel. Foil and saber body cords have only two irregularly sized prongs (or a twist-lock bayonet connector) on the weapon side, with the third wire connecting instead to the fencer's lamé. The need in foil and saber to distinguish between on and off-target touches requires a wired connection to the valid target area.
How it works
The three wires of the body cord are known as the A, B, and C lines. At the reel connector (and both connectors for Épée cords) The B pin is in the middle, the A pin is 1.5 cm to one side of B, and the C pin is 2 cm to the other side of B. This asymmetrical arrangement ensures that the cord cannot be plugged in the wrong way around.
The A line is the "lamé" line, the B line is the "weapon" line, and the C line is the ground. Although it works somewhat differently for each weapon, a valid touch always involves the connection of the A and B lines. In all three weapons, the C line is connected to the body of the weapon, and sometimes (normally in high-level competition) to the fencing strip as well, which must be made of metal in this case.
In foil, the A line is connected to the lamé and the B line runs up a wire to the tip of the weapon. The B line is normally connected to the C line through the tip. When the tip is depressed, the circuit is broken and one of three things can happen:
The tip is touching the opponent's lamé (their A line): Valid touch
The tip is touching the opponent's weapon or the grounded strip: nothing, as the current is still flowing to the C line.
The tip is not touching either of the above: Off-target hit (white or yellow light).
In Épée, the A and B lines run up separate wires to the tip (there is no lamé). When the tip is depressed, it connects the A and B lines, resulting in a valid touch. However, if the tip is touching the opponents weapon (their C line) or the grounded strip, nothing happens when it is depressed, as the current is redirected to the C line. Grounded strips are particularly important in Épée, as without one, a touch to the floor registers as a valid touch (rather than off-target as in Foil).
In Sabre, similarly to Foil, the A line is connected to the lamé, but both the B and C lines are connected to the body of the weapon. Any contact between the B/C line (doesn't matter which, as they are always connected) and the opponent's A line (their lamé) results in a valid touch. There is no need for grounded strips in Sabre, as hitting something other than the opponent's lame does nothing.
On the strip
Typically, a fencer wears a body cord under their jacket. The wire is threaded through the sleeve of the weapon arm as it is being donned. Most gloves feature a small hole designed for body cord use. In officially sanctioned tournaments, the plug that fits into the weapon must be secured with an additional device, usually a small clip.
The other end of the wire is connected to the reel, as well as a D-ring on the fencer's jacket to prevent it from disconnecting during a bout. In addition, foilists and saberists must connect their alligator clips to their lamés. Fencers are forced by regulation to attach the lamé clip to their weapon arm side to prevent accidental or intentional removal.
Regulation also stipulates that any fencer who brings a defective body cord to the strip be penalized with a yellow card. However, should one's body cord fail in the middle of a bout, no penalty is awarded. In both cases, the fencer is not allowed to disrobe to change cords. This leads to the common practice of replacing the body cord by tying the new cord around the defective cord and pulling it through the sleeve.
Repair
Body cords must be kept in good working order lest their condition deteriorate. Common causes of broken body cords include breaks and damage to the prongs. Many body cords are made with clear plastic insulation so that any corrosion of the copper wire can be seen more easily.
References
Fencing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20cord |
Joseph Berington (16 January 1743 – 1 December 1827) was a priest and one of the prominent British Catholic writers of his day.
Life
Joseph Berington, born at Winsley, Herefordshire, was educated at the English College at Douai. After his ordination to the priesthood he was promoted to the chair of philosophy in the university there. In this position his inclination towards liberal opinions became apparent, and his theses, prepared for the exhibition of his pupils, created such a stir that he thought it prudent to resign.
On his return to England, he occupied several positions in turn, each intended to give him leisure to pursue his studies. From 1776 to 1782 he was chaplain to Thomas Stapleton, of Carlton, Yorkshire, acting at the same time as tutor to his son, with whom he afterwards travelled around Europe. In December 1777, while in Paris, he wrote to Benjamin Franklin expressing his disappointment at Franklin's absence from the city at that time, and the hope to meet with him at a later date. He served next at St Mary's College, Oscott, then a lonely country mission, where his cousin, Charles Berington, who had been appointed coadjutor bishop, joined him.
In 1782, Berington was one of the co-founders of the first Catholic Committee, formed to represent the Catholics in their struggle for emancipation; which gained for itself a reputation for its liberalizing principles, and the generally anti-episcopal tendency of its action. The Midland District was the chief centre of these opinions, and fifteen of the clergy of Staffordshire formed themselves into an association of which Joseph Berington was the leader, the primary object being to stand by their bishop, Thomas Talbot, who was partly on that side. Afterwards, however, they were led into other action, especially in taking up the case of Dom Joseph Wilkes, OSB, who had been suspended by his bishop in consequence of his action on the committee, which laid them open to criticism.
Joseph Berington was by this time becoming well known as an author with an attractive style of writing, and advanced views. His State and Behaviour of English Catholics (1780) contained more than one passage of doubtful orthodoxy; his History of Abelard (1784) brought into prominence the same philosophical tendencies which had before manifested at Douai; and his Reflexions, addressed to Rev. J. Hawkins, an apostate priest (1785 and 1788), were much criticized; while perhaps more than all, the Memoirs of Panzani, which he edited with an Introduction and Supplement (1793), gave him the reputation of being a disloyal Catholic. Under these circumstances, when Sir John Courtney Throckmorton of Buckland (then in Berkshire nowadays in Oxfordshire) appointed Berington his chaplain, Dr. Douglass, Bishop of the London District (in which Buckland was situated), refused to give him faculties, till in 1797 he printed a letter explaining his views, which the bishop considered satisfactory. A year or two later, Dr. Douglass again suspended him, until he signed a further declaration in 1801.
Berington passed the remainder of his life at Buckland, where he wrote the most extensive of all his works, The Literary History of the Middle Ages (1811). He published many other books at different times; but some of his writings remained in manuscript, lest their publication should give offence. In private life Joseph Berington was a model priest, exact in the discharge of his duties, and noted for his charity to the poor. He was respected by all who knew him, Catholic and Protestant alike, and after his death a slab was erected in his memory in the Anglican church at Buckland with an inscription written by his friend, Rev. John Bew, formerly President of Oscott.
Works
The only likeness extant is a silhouette, in the Catholic Directory for 1832. Berington's works (besides those mentioned in the text) are:
Present State of Caths. (1787);
Rights of Dissenters (1789);
Henry II, Richard and John (1790);
Examination of Events termed Miraculous (1796);
Gother's Prayers (1800);
Decline and Fall of Catholic Religion in England (1813),
Faith of Catholics (1830);
a reprint of Memoirs of Panzani;
numerous letters and pamphlets and many other works in manuscript.
Notes
Attribution
1743 births
1827 deaths
Writers from Herefordshire
English non-fiction writers
18th-century English Roman Catholic priests
19th-century English Roman Catholic priests
English male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Berington |
Paul Brennan is a Canadian musician. A drummer, Brennan has been a member of Big Electric Cat, the Animal Slaves, Odds and Big Sugar. He has also contributed as a guest musician on albums by Meryn Cadell, Sarah McLachlan, Taste of Joy, Julie Ann Bertram and Mae Moore. He is currently playing with Alannah Myles and Ellis Meek and performing locally in Toronto.
Career
Brennan was a founding member of the Vancouver band Odds in 1987; the same musicians also performed cover tunes locally under the name Dawn Patrol. Odds recorded their first album, Neapolitan, in 1991; a single from the album, "Love is the Subject", appeared on local radio charts. In 1992 the band toured as the backup band for American rock singer Warren Zevon.
By 1994, Brennan had left the odds, although he continued to perform in Dawn Patrol. He contributed percussion to Mae Moore's 1995 album Dragonfly.
Brennan moved to Toronto and joined the band Big Sugar in 1996. He was the drummer for their album Hemi-Vision, which was nominated for a Juno Award in 1997. The band toured in western Canada in support of the album.
In 1997 Brennan drummed on Meryn Cadell's album Blocks 6.
Brennan performed with Luke Doucet as part of the NXNE festival in Toronto in 2002. He was the drummer for Doucet's 2004 album Outlaws
In 2018 Brennan continues to perform locally in Toronto with the band The Two Fours and hosts an open mic at the Relish Bar and Grill.
References
Canadian rock drummers
Canadian male drummers
Living people
Canadian alternative rock musicians
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Brennan%20%28Canadian%20musician%29 |
Dusty is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books and animated series. He is the G.I. Joe Team's desert trooper and debuted in 1985.
Profile
Dusty's real name is Ronald W. Tadur, which is based on an anagram of Hasbro artist Ron Rudat. Born in Las Vegas, Nevada, he grew up in the desert and became intimately familiar with it. After high school, he worked as a refrigeration repairman by day, while studying the ecology of the desert in his spare time. He went through basic training at Fort Bliss, Texas, and is a qualified expert with the M-14, M-16, M-16A2, M-60, M-1911A1 auto pistol and M-203 40mm grenade launcher. Dusty is an Army Ranger who specializes in desert warfare and survival.
An excellent tracker, he is fluent in Arabic and Hebrew, conversant in Kazakh and the Oirat-Khalkha languages of Central Asia, and is also noted for his patience, strong leadership qualities, and excellence for sneaking up behind enemies in the desert, and popping a can of firefight. When the G.I. Joe Team was disbanded, Dusty signed up for a tour in Israel, in order to keep his skills sharp. He returned to active duty when the team was reinstated, and can usually be found leading new recruits in target practice.
Toys
Dusty was first released as an action figure in 1985. It sports the chocolate-chip camouflage BDU, and hooded desert headgear. The same figure was recolored, and released as a member of the G.I. Joe subgroup "Tiger Force" in 1988.
A new version of Dusty was released in 1991. Inspired by the Persian Gulf War, this version came packaged with a pet coyote, Sandstorm. He wears a light-yellow shirt and light-yellow pants with brown splotches, and a light-yellow beret. This release also listed Dusty's Rank as Sergeant E-5 but all other releases still list him as E-4. This version was recolored and released in 2000, in a two-pack with Law & Order.
Four different versions of Dusty were released in 2002, the first one packaged with the "Night Rhino" vehicle. The latter three were different colorings of the same design, packaged with the "Sand Razor" vehicle, in a two-pack with Desert Cobra C.L.A.W.S., and in a two-pack with a new version of the Shock Viper.
In 2004, he was released as part of the Toys R Us exclusive "Desert Patrol Squad" set, which also included the figures Ambush, Gung Ho, Snake Eyes, Stalker and Tunnel Rat. He was also released carded in a two-pack with Zartan, as part of the "Valor vs Venom" toyline.
A new version of Dusty was designed and released in 2010, for the "Pursuit of Cobra" toyline.
Comics
Marvel Comics
In the Marvel Comics G.I. Joe series, he first appears in issue #58 (April 1987). He is teamed up with Mainframe and a local soldier, in order to infiltrate a foreign-based pre-fab Cobra base called a Terror Drome. The local soldier admires Dusty, despising Mainframe's simple computer skills. All three fight their way past many enemies and the man gains an admiration for both Joes.
In G.I. Joe Special Missions #13, Dusty, Outback, Lightfoot and Mangler are sent to destroy a weapons cache in Eastern Africa. Lightfoot is tortured by the local militia and breaks, giving out valuable information. The team is abandoned in the desert by a slightly sympathetic militia member. They accomplish their mission with the fortunate find of a broken jeep's water-filled radiator. Mangler, angry at his own berating of Lightfoot for breaking, saves the rest of the team by causing a crash of pursuing forces. He does not survive. Dusty later goes on a mission with "Tiger Force".
Dusty leads base security for the Joe's new Utah based headquarters, called "The Pit". He leads resistance, when Cobra Python Patrol members attack the base. The Joes manage to capture one Tele-Viper.
Dusty is featured in the "Invasion of Benzheen" storyline. The storyline involves Cobra invading the desert kingdom of Benzheen, and focuses on Dusty's deep friendship with fellow Joe Sneak-Peek. Flashbacks show Sneak-Peek's mother talking with Dusty during a family visit; she asks him to keep an eye on her son. During the Benzheen mission, Cobra forces, including a Range-Viper and Alley Viper, use a civilian to trick Sneak-Peek into a cross-fire and he is badly injured. All the Vipers are later killed. Dusty carries Sneak-Peak's body for many miles back to a temporary G.I. Joe base camp. Stretcher, a Joe medic, says that Sneak-Peek died while Dusty was carrying him.
Action Force
Dusty is part of the European G.I. Joe continuity called 'Action Force'. He assists a squad of Joes in stopping a Crimson Guard plot to blow up the Eiffel Tower.
Devil's Due
Dusty returns in the new Joe series published by Devil's Due. Dusty is one of the many veterans to return when G.I. Joe is re-instated to meet the threat of a revived Cobra. He had been spending time in Israel. The veteran Joes meet many new members who are collectively referred to as "Greenshirts". His mission was training new Joe recruits until its second disbandment.
Animated series
Sunbow
Dusty first appeared in the Sunbow-produced mini-series "The Pyramid of Darkness", and often appeared in the first season. Dusty's air conditioning and refrigeration repair skills were acknowledged in the series. In keeping with his primary duties, he is also able to parlay with local inhabitants of the desert with considerable grace. He was voiced by Neil Ross. Oddly for a character who is supposed to be from Nevada, he speaks with a southern accent, though it is possible that Dusty was only born in Las Vegas and was raised somewhere else. In this series, Dusty's last name is Rudat instead of Tadur.
Dusty had a major role in the episode "Hearts and Cannons". In the episode, he and Footloose jump out of a damaged Joe cargo plane and find themselves in a desert, where Cobra is testing their new Plasma Cannon weapon. They rescue Dr. Nancy Winters, a beautiful scientist who was tricked into designing the Plasma Cannon for Destro, and compete for her affection. While they escape through a dust storm, Dusty holds off Cobra forces and steals a Cobra Stinger. Dusty and Dr. Winters later help Footloose destroy Destro's plasma tank, liberating an Arabian country from Cobra as well. The episode ends with Dusty disappointed at Dr. Winters falling in love with the country's king instead of him.
Dusty's most memorable appearance was in the two-part episode "The Traitor", in which he seemingly accepts help from Tomax and Xamot to pay his mother's medical bills, in exchange for information regarding G.I. Joe's experimental armor formula. In reality, Dusty is under orders from Duke to infiltrate Cobra as a double agent, but before Duke can inform G.I. Joe of this, he is injured and placed in a coma. Dusty is found guilty of treason, but is freed by Cobra agents before being incarcerated. After gaining the trust of Cobra Commander, Dusty is given the task of gassing captured G.I. Joe members with a mind control gas, which he secretly tampers with. As a final act of his loyalty, Dusty instead frees his teammates, and uses the gas to neutralize the Joes' armor treatment.
G.I. Joe: The Movie
Dusty also appeared briefly in the 1987 animated film G.I. Joe: The Movie. He is part of a unit of Joes led by Roadblock who go after the fleeing Cobra forces after Cobra's first attempt to steal the Broadcast Energy Transmitter (B.E.T.) and become captives of Cobra-La.
DiC
He appeared again in the DiC-produced G.I. Joe animated series, voiced by Maurice LaMarche.
Spy Troops and Valor vs. Venom
Dusty appeared in the Reel FX's direct-to-video movie G.I. Joe: Spy Troops voiced by Alessandro Juliani, and in G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom voiced by Andy Toth.
Video games
Dusty appears as a non-playable supporting character in the video game G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra.
References
External links
Dusty at JMM's G.I. Joe Comics Home Page
Fictional characters from Las Vegas
G.I. Joe soldiers
Fictional corporals
Fictional gunfighters
Fictional military sergeants
Fictional United States Army personnel
Male characters in animated series
Male characters in comics
Television characters introduced in 1985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty%20%28G.I.%20Joe%29 |
Ratilal Kalidas Varma (born 30 June 1948) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Dhandhuka constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is one of the tallest MPs of India at 6 feet 6 inches. Ratilal Varma also served as National Vice President of Schedule Caste Cell, BJP
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
People from Ahmedabad district
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
1948 births
Living people
India MPs 2004–2009
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratilal%20Kalidas%20Varma |
Harin Pathak (born 20 July 1947) is an Indian politician who was a member of the fourteenth Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Ahmedabad East constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Phatak was denied a ticket to contest the 2014 Loksabha Elections by BJP. He was replaced by Bollywood actor Paresh Rawal.
Pathak was Minister of State for Defence Production in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's third cabinate from October 1999 to November 2000. Pathak was forced to resigned along with Gujarat Health Minister Ashok Bhatt in a case of instigating a mob leading to the lynching of Head Constable Laxman Desai during an anti-quota agitation in Gujarat in April 1985.
He was an English teacher in Nalanda Vidhyalay at Ahmedabad. He was a corporator in Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation for several years. He was one of the rare politician who worked in municipal corporation and directly elected as member of parliament in Loksabha.
References
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
Politicians from Ahmedabad
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
Living people
1947 births
India MPs 2004–2009
India MPs 2009–2014
People from Panchmahal district
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harin%20Pathak |
Mahesh Kanodia (27 January 1937 – 25 October 2020) was a singer and a politician from Gujarat state in India.
Biography
Mahesh Kanodia was born on 27 January 1937, at Kanoda village (now in Patan district, Gujarat), India. He completed his primary education from Shahpur School in Ahmedabad. He worked in Gujarati cinema for four decades as a musician, singer and composer. He performed with his actor-singer brother Naresh Kanodia.
He represented the Patan constituency in Lok Sabha four times (10th, 11th, 12th and 14th) as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, 1991–1999, and 2004–2009.
Sauna Hridayma Hammesh: Mahesh-Naresh, an autobiographical Gujarati book on brothers was published in 2011.
He died on 25 October 2020, in Gandhinagar from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. He had paralysis for six years before his death.
His younger brother Naresh Kanodia died two days later, also from Covid.
Awards
Mahesh Kanodia received the following details among the awards given by Gujarat Government to Gujarati film artists.
Award for Best Music for the film Jigar and Ami (1970–71) (as a composer)
Award for Best Music for the film Tanariri (1974–75) (as a composer)
Award for the second best film for the film Jog Sanjog (1980/81) (as a producer)
Award for the best music for the film Jog Sanjog (1980/81) (as a composer)
Award for Best Playback Singer for the film Akhand Chudlo (1981/82)
Award for the best music for the film Laju Lakhan (1991/92) (as a composer)
Personal life
He married Uma on 1 January 1960. Their daughter Pooja, a singer, died in 2015. His nephew Hitu Kanodia is an MLA in Gujarat assembly.
References
https://news4gujarati.com/famous-gujarat-singer-mahesh-kanodia-passes-away-news4-gujarati/
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
1939 births
2020 deaths
India MPs 2004–2009
Indian actor-politicians
People from Mehsana district
People from Patan district
India MPs 1991–1996
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
Kanodia family
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahesh%20Kanodia |
"I Want to Be Gay" is the fourth single released by singer and comedian Julie Brown. It was released 18 years after her last single. The single was originally released on Compact Disc only in a cardboard sleeve and made available exclusively through her website, or through eBay (via her own sales representative). As of 2008, it is available on iTunes and other digital music retailers as a digital download. The title track is a cheeky pop song about how Brown wishes she were a gay man because (based on stereotype) it would be easier to get laid. It features a dance remix of the song and a new, previously unreleased dance remix of her hit "The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun".
The single was originally not tied to a full-length album, but was later included on her 2011 album Smell the Glamour. There was no music video released. The cover art features an outtake photo from the session used to create the cover to her single "Girl Fight Tonight!".
References
2005 singles
Julie Brown songs
2005 songs
LGBT-related songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Want%20to%20Be%20Gay |
Babubhai Khimabhai Katara (born 1 January 1961) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India until suspended. He represented the reserved (Scheduled Tribe) Dohad constituency of Gujarat and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In the elections in 2004, he had won over the candidate from the Indian National Congress with a margin of 0.07% of the popular vote; he had also won in 1999 from the same seat.
Participation in Gujarat Riots, 2002
In February–March 2002, Babubhai Katara along with his son Bhavesh Katara are
alleged to have participated in the large scale looting of Muslim establishments in Jhalod, Gujarat, during the Gujarat Riots of 2002. A number of people were stabbed and killed, and Bhavesh Katara is alleged to have shot and killed one Yunus Yusuf Patel.
Arrested on charges of human trafficking
On 18 April 2007, Babubhai Kitara was arrested at the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi as he was boarding an Air India flight 187 to Toronto.
He was using his family's diplomatic passports to smuggle a woman, Paramjeet Kaur, of Kapurthala, Punjab, to Canada on his wife Sharadaben Katara's passport, along with her 16-year-old son Amarjeet who was posing as his younger son Rajesh. He had initially used his official clout to avoid any checking at the immigration counters, but airline officials detected that the faces did not match and CISF police personnel stationed at the airport detained him and he was arrested after interrogation.
Senior police officers told journalists
that a deal of Rs 3 million (about USD 70,000) was struck for Babubhai to smuggle Paramjeet and her son to Canada. During interrogation by immigration officials, she allegedly stated that Rs. 1.5 million had already been paid to Mr. Katara's secretary Rajender, who
had come to see off the three at the airport.
Apparently Paramjeet was hoping to join her husband Paramjit Singh, who was living as an
illegal immigrant in Canada, according to her mother Mohinder Kaur in the
Feroz Sangawal village near Jalandhar
. She had earlier been refused a visa, and was then trying through some influential travel agents in her area.
Subsequently, police officers alleged that on an earlier occasion also, he had taken a
woman with him on his wife's passport.
In court, when he was asked whether he had escorted other such people on his two previous visits to UK and Canada, Babubhai kept quiet. Also, Paramjeet stated in court that the boy Amarjeet was not her son.
The fact that even members of parliament with diplomatic privileges can be approached for such purposes is seen as opening a Pandora's box on corruption in the Indian political system. (See also Operation Duryodhana).
On 18 April 2007, Babubhai was suspended from the BJP political party by the party president L K Advani for indulging in Human trafficking. This will possibly imply that he also loses his parliamentary seat.
References
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
India MPs 2004–2009
1961 births
Living people
India MPs 1999–2004
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babubhai%20Khimabhai%20Katara |
Bhupendrasinh Prabhatsinh Solanki (born 26 March 1954) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Godhra constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
1954 births
Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
India MPs 2004–2009
People from Panchmahal district
India MPs 1999–2004
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhupendrasinh%20Prabhatsinh%20Solanki |
Mansukhbhai Dhanjibhai Vasava (born 1 June 1957) is an Indian politician associated with Bharatiya Janata Party and former Union Minister of State for Tribal Affairs (till July 5, 2016) in the Government of India under the Prime Ministership of Narendra Modi. He is a senior leader of the bharatiya janata party. He first got elected to 12th Lok Sabha in a by-election held on 25 November 1998 from the Bharuch Parliamentary Constituency of Gujarat, once a stronghold of Congress President Sonia Gandhi's political advisor Ahmed Patel. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1998, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014 from the same constituency (renamed as Bharuch in 2008); five times in a row. He also served in the Government of Gujarat in 1994 as a Deputy Minister. He holds a master's degree in Social Work (M.S.W.) from Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahemadabad and was graduated (B.A.) from
South Gujarat University.
Political career
He served as Minister of State from May 2014 to 5 July 2016.
1994-96 Member, Gujarat Legislative Assembly
Deputy Minister, Government of Gujarat
1998 Elected to 12th Lok Sabha
1998-99 Member, Committee on Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme
Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
1999 Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
1999-2000 Member, Committee on Labour and Welfare
Member, Committee on Private Members` Bills and Resolutions
Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Rural Development
2004 Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha( 3rd term)
Member, Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers
Member, Committee on Petitions
5 Aug. 2007 Member, Committee on Chemicals & Fertilizers
2009 Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (4th term)
31 Aug. 2009 Member, Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forests
Address
Permanent Address:
Rajendra Nagar Society,
Jalaram Road
At & Po. Rajpipla
Ta. Nandod
Distt. Narmada
Gujarat
Tel. (02640) 224300
Delhi Address
55, North Avenue,
New Delhi - 110 001
Tels. (011) 23093670
(M) 9868180050, 9427110866
Notes
External links
Detailed profile: Mansukhbhai D. Vasava in india.gov.in website
1957 births
Living people
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004
India MPs 2004–2009
India MPs 2009–2014
India MPs 2014–2019
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
People from Bharuch
Narendra Modi ministry
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
India MPs 2019–present | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansukhbhai%20Vasava |
Kashiram Rana (7 April 1938 – 31 August 2012) was an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of India. In 1989, he was elected to the 9th Lok Sabha from Surat constituency in Gujarat. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2004 from the same constituency. He served as a union cabinet minister in the department of textiles, twice, in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee led NDA govt during 1998–2004. He died on 31 August 2012.
Rana was being increasingly sidelined within the BJP and recently he had sided with Keshubhai Patel and played a pivotal role in forming the Gujarat Parivartan Party.
Early life and education
His Father's Name was Shri Chhabildas and mother's Name was Smt. Kashiben. He was born on 07 Apr 1938 at Surat (Gujarat). his Spouse's Name was Late Smt. Pushpa. He has 2 sons and 4 Daughters. He did B.Com., LL.B. from South-Gujarat University, Surat (Gujarat).
By Profession he was an Advocate and Social Worker.
Positions Held
1. 1975-80 Member, Gujarat Legislative Assembly
2. 1977-80 Chairman, Committee on Public Undertakings, Gujarat Legislative Assembly
3. 1983-84 and 1987 Mayor, Municipal Corporation, Surat
4. 1985-87 and 1993-96 President, Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.), Gujarat
5. 1989 Elected to 9th Lok Sabha
6. 1990-91 Member, Rules Committee
7. Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Railways
8. 1991 Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
9. 1991-92 Member, Public Accounts Committee
10. Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Industry
11. 1996 Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
12. 1996-97 Member, Estimates Committee
13. Member, Committee on Commerce
14. Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Broadcasting Bill
15. 1998 Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (4th term)
16. 1998-99 Union Cabinet Minister, Textiles
17. 1999 Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (5th term)
18. 13 Oct. 1999 - 23 May 2003 Union Cabinet Minister, Textiles
19. 24 May 2003- May 2004 Union Cabinet Minister, Rural Development
20. 2004 Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha( 6th term)
References
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
2012 deaths
People from Surat
India MPs 2004–2009
1938 births
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004
Mayors of Surat
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
Gujarat Parivartan Party politicians
Politicians from Surat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashiram%20Rana |
Jens Gad is a German producer, songwriter and guitarist of Danish parents. He started making music at a young age.
Gad produces music for many artists (Sandra Cretu / Sandra Gambino) and was previously co-producer for the musical project, Enigma. In the past he has released albums under the name of "Enigmatic Obsession", "Jens Gad Presents" for his new instrumental work, and also under the name of "Achillea", for his new world-influenced music which features different female vocalists on each album, singing in different languages.
Gad works from his 007 music studio in the city of Avalon on Catalina Island, off the coast of Los Angeles. Jens is the older brother of Toby Gad.
In 2019, Gad was featured in the Visual Collaborative Polaris catalogue for the creative sector, he was interviewed alongside people such as; Remi Vaughan-Richards, Bahia Shehab and Yvonne Sangudi.
In 2019 Jens worked with Sandra Gambino on her debut album "Shades of Love".
Projects
Jens Gad's own musical project, Achillea, has released two albums: The Nine Worlds (2005) in collaboration with singer Helene Horlyck and Amadas Estrellas (2007) in collaboration with Spanish singer Luisa Fernandez.
Discography
Albums
1986: Contact – Fancy
1988: All or Nothing – Milli Vanilli
1989: NRG. – Q
1989: Love Is No Science – Münchener Freiheit
1991: Welcome to the Soul Asylum – Angel X
1993: The Cross of Changes – Enigma
1993: Sliver: Music from the Motion Picture – Enigma / BSO
1995: Will I Be Faithful? – Slavik...Kemmler
1995: Fading Shades – Sandra
1998: The Energy of Sound – Trance Atlantic Air Waves
1999: Snowin' Under My Skin – Andru Donalds
1999: My Favourites – Sandra
2000: The Screen Behind the Mirror – Enigma
2000: Freiheit Die Ich Meine – Münchener Freiheit
2001: Let's Talk About It – Andru Donalds
2001: Love Sensuality Devotion: The Greatest Hits – Enigma
2001: Love Sensuality Devotion: The Remix Collection – Enigma
2002: The Wheel of Time – Sandra
2003: Zeitmaschine – Münchener Freiheit
2003: Voyageur – Enigma
2005: Secrets of Seduction – released under the group name Enigmatic Obsession
2005: The Nine Worlds – released under the group name Achillea
2006: Le Spa Sonique – released under the recording artist name Jens Gad Presents
2007: Amadas Estrellas – released under the group name Achillea
2007: The Art of Love – Sandra
2009: Back to Life – Sandra
2021: ''Shades of Love – Sandra Gambino
References
External links
JensGad.com
Jens Gad en EnigmaMusica.com
(Russian) Q NRG.
German electronic musicians
German guitarists
German male guitarists
German people of Danish descent
Living people
Musicians from Munich
Enigma (German band) members
1966 births
German emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Gad |
Sam Cardon is a composer whose credits include 15 large-format films: Titans Of The Ice Age, Mummies, Mystic India, Texas, The Big Picture, Forces Of Nature, Lewis and Clark, The Legendary Journeys, Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure, Mysteries of Egypt, Olympic Glory, Whales, Building the Dream at Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California; Treasure of the Gods at Zion National Park, Utah and The Secret of San Francisco at Pier 39.
In addition, he has written or co-written the themes for National Geographic Explorer, ABC Sunday Night at the Movies, Good Morning America, and provided three hours of original music for the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, and music for the 2002 Winter Olympic game Closing Ceremonies at Salt Lake City. He has also written music for over 40 independent films: My Girlfriend's Boyfriend, Highway To Dhampus, The Velveteen Rabbit, Little Secrets, Beau Jest, The Work And The Glory, American Zion, A House Divided, Return To Secret Garden, The Assignment, Davie And Golimyr, The Wild Stallion. His documentary music includes Fires Of Faith, American Prophet, The Trail Of Hope, America's First Freedom and Meet The Mormons. Video game credits include World of Warcraft, Overwatch, Jet Moto and Twisted Metal.
Cardon grew up in Farmington, New Mexico, and received a bachelor's degree from Brigham Young University in 1993. He received the Distinguished Honored Alumnus award from Brigham Young University in 2006. He also received the Governor's Mansion Artist Award from Governor and First Lady Michael and Jacalyn Leavitt from the State of Utah in 2003.
He serves on the Board of Trustees of Snow College, on the Community Relations Board of Utah Valley University and on the College of Fine Arts and Communications Board of Brigham Young University.
Discography
Impulse (1989) (#2 in Radio And Records Magazine for national airplay)
Serious Leisure (1991) (#2 in "Radio and Records Magazine" and #17 on Billboard's Contemporary Jazz Chart)
Innovators (1993) with Kurt Bestor - WordPerfect Demo CD ("Missing The Snake Priest" & "La Capitana")
Innovators (1995) with Kurt Bestor
Coming Full Circle (1995) with Kurt Bestor
The New Testament Video Soundtrack (1999) with Kurt Bestor
Old Testament Video Songs (1999)
The Book of Mormon Video Soundtrack (1999) with Kurt Bestor
Doctrine and Covenants and Church History Video Soundtrack (1999) with Kurt Bestor
Digability (2000)
Earth Cinema (2000)
Innovators II: Keepers of the Flame (2001) with Kurt Bestor
Innovators – Live Concert
Faithful
Redemption Road
Producer:
Kalai "Acoustacism"
Kalai "Rebel Hands" (co-producer)
Producer and Arranger:
Jenny Oaks Baker, Then Sings My Soul Billboard #1 on the Traditional Classical Chart
Josh Wright, Josh Wright Billboard #1 on the Traditional Classical Chart
Film scores
On Our Own (1988)
Nora's Christmas Gift (1989)
Rigoletto (1993) with Kurt Bestor & Michael McLean
The Seventh Brother (1994) with Kurt Bestor and Merrill Jenson
Friendship's Field (1995)
Hearst Castle: Building the Dream (1996) IMAX
Zion Canyon Treasure of the Gods (1996) IMAX
Trail of Hope (1997) with Merrill Jenson
Whales (1997) IMAX
Mysteries of Egypt (1998) IMAX
Olympic Glory (1999) IMAX
Return To Secret Garden (2000)
Brigham City (2001)
American Prophet: The Story of Joseph Smith (2000) with Merrill Jenson, Gregory Peck
Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure (2001) IMAX
Little Secrets (2001)
Lewis & Clark Great Journey West (2002) IMAX
The Work and The Glory (2002)
Jumping For Joy (2002)
Someone Was Watching (2002)
Sacred Stone: Temple On The Mississippi (2002) with Merrill Jenson
Texas, The Big Picture (2003) IMAX
Innovators (2003)
The Work And The Glory (2004)
Forces Of Nature (2004) IMAX
The Work and the Glory II: American Zion (2005)
Small Fortunes (2005)
By the Hand of Mormon: Selections From the Original Musical Production with David Piller
Mystic India (2005) IMAX
The Work and the Glory III: A House Divided (2006)
Fire On Ice: The Saints Of Ireland (2006)
The Dance (2006)
Mummies: Secrets of the Pharaohs (2007) IMAX
Heber Holiday (2007)
Passage To Zarahemla (2007)
Reserved To Fight (2008)
Beau Jest (2008)
Davie And Goimyr (2008) stop-motion animation
The Velveteen Rabbit (2009) animated feature
The Wild Stallion (2008)
The Assignment (2010)
Slow Moe (2010)
My Boyfriend's Girlfriend (2010)
The Writer's Block (2010) TV series
Justin Time (2010) TV series pilot
The Messiah (2010) TV series documentary
The Legato Line (airing in 2010)
American Ride (2011) TV series
The Soul of Kalaupapa (2011)
Fires of Faith (2012) documentary
World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria (2012) Global Music Award Winner
Titans Of The Ice Age (2013) IMAX
Highway to Dhampus (2013)
Kama' Aina (2013)
Granite Flats TV series (2013)
Man in the Moon (2013) Glenn Beck and The American Dream Labs
Meet the Mormons (2014)
External links
Fan Site
Living people
American film score composers
American male film score composers
Latter Day Saints from New Mexico
American television composers
Brigham Young University alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Cardon |
Gregorio Panzani (died 1662) was an Italian Catholic priest, who became Bishop of Mileto and a papal emissary to England during the reign of King Charles I of England.
Life
Gregorio Panzani received a Doctorate in utroque iure (in both Civil Law and Canon Law) at the Archiginnasio di Roma on 7 March 1625. He joined the Congregation of the Oratory, becoming a priest, but, on account of ill-health, he resigned and became a secular priest of the diocese of Arezzo. In 1634 he was chosen by Cardinal Antonio Barberini for the important and delicate task of a secret agency in London. He is described by the writer of his memoirs as a man:
Barberini was keen to gain more information about the progress of Catholics in England and Panzani's commission was to gain first-hand information as to the state of English Catholics. English Catholics were then much divided on the question of the oath of allegiance and the appointment of a vicar Apostolic and moves were afoot to settle the differences that had arisen on these points between the seculars and regulars and to establish informal relations between Barberini's uncle Pope Urban VIII and the Government.
Panzani himself realized that the appointment of a bishop was necessary, and he resented the efforts of the Jesuits to hinder this. Though he was successful in reconciling seculars with the Benedictines and other Catholics, the Jesuits were left out of the settlement, and Panzani's subsequent efforts to bring them in were fruitless.
He had repeated interviews with Windebank and Lord Cottington, the secretaries of state, enjoyed (like Rossetti) the confidence of the Queen, Henrietta Maria, and was admitted to secret audience with King Charles. He was also in communication with Richard Montagu, the Anglican Bishop of Chichester on the subject of corporate reunion.
He was recalled in 1634 when a scheme of reciprocal agency was established between Pope Urban VIII and the Queen. Returning to Rome he was made a canon of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, and obtained a judicial position in the civil courts. On 13 August 1640, he was elected Bishop of Mileto, in the Province of Catanzaro.
Account of his mission
An account of his English mission was written in Italian by someone who had access to his papers, and a copy of this was used by Charles Dodd, who, however, thought it imprudent to publish these memoirs in full. But in 1793 the Rev. Joseph Berington published a translation of them with an historical introduction and supplement. Their authenticity was immediately called in question by Father Charles Plowden, S.J., who regarded them as a forgery by Dodd. The subsequent researches by M. A. Tierney, however, conclusively proved that the Memoirs were genuine. The original manuscript, then in the possession of Cardinal Filippo Antonio Gualterio, was purchased by the British Museum in 1854 (Add. Manuscripts 15389).
References
External links
The Memoirs of Gregorio Panzani; giving an account of his agency in England (1788).
Attribution
1662 deaths
17th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Bishops in Calabria
17th-century Italian diplomats
Year of birth unknown
England–Holy See relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio%20Panzani |
Gabriele Salvatores (born 30 July 1950) is an Italian Academy Award-winning film director and screenwriter.
Biography
Born in Naples, Salvatores debuted as a theatre director in 1972, founding in Milan the Teatro dell'Elfo, for which he directed several avant-garde pieces until 1989.
In that year, he directed his third feature film, Marrakech Express, which was followed in 1990 by Turné. Both films shared a group of actor-friends, including Diego Abatantuono and Fabrizio Bentivoglio, who will be present in many of his later movies. Turné was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.
In 1991, Salvatores received international praise for Mediterraneo, which won an Academy Award as best foreign film. It also won three David di Donatello, the most important award for Italian cinema, and a Nastro d'Argento.
In 1992, he released Puerto Escondido, from the eponymous novel by Pino Cacucci, in which Abatantuono and Bentivoglio were joined by another standard actor for Salvatores, Claudio Bisio. The following year he directed Sud, featuring Silvio Orlando, an attempt to denounce the political and social situation of the Mezzogiorno of Italy seen from the point of view of the unemployed and those at the margins of society.
The main themes of Salvatores' screenplays are escape from a reality that cannot be accepted or understood, nostalgia for friends, and voyages that never end. A new experimental period, however, started in 1997 with Nirvana, a science fiction/cyberpunk attempt which received mixed reviews. This was followed by the surreal Denti (Teeth, 2000), and Amnèsia (2002). Both featured Sergio Rubini.
A good success was I'm Not Scared of 2003, from the Niccolò Ammaniti novel. In 2005 he directed the noir Quo Vadis, Baby?. His 2008 film As God Commands was entered into the 31st Moscow International Film Festival.
Filmography
Sogno di una notte d'estate (1983)
Kamikazen - Ultima notte a Milano (1987)
Marrakech Express (1989)
On Tour (Turné, 1990)
Mediterraneo (1991)
Puerto Escondido (1992)
Sud (1993)
Nirvana (1997)
Denti (2000)
Amnèsia (2002)
I'm Not Scared (Io non ho paura, 2003)
Quo Vadis, Baby? (2005)
As God Commands (Come Dio comanda, 2008)
Happy Family (2010)
Siberian Education (Educazione siberiana, 2012)
Italy in a Day (2014)
The Invisible Boy (Il ragazzo invisibile, 2014)
The Invisible Boy: Second Generation (2018)
Volare (2019)
References
External links
1950 births
Italian film directors
Living people
Film people from Naples
Nastro d'Argento winners
Directors of Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele%20Salvatores |
Alloxylon is a genus of four species in the family Proteaceae of mainly small to medium-sized trees. They are native to the eastern coast of Australia, with one species, A. brachycarpum found in New Guinea and the Aru Islands. The genus is a relatively new creation, being split off from Oreocallis in 1991. The name is derived from Ancient Greek allo- "other" or "strange" and xylon or "wood" due to their unusual cell architecture compared with the related genera Telopea and Oreocallis. In Australia, they are known as tree waratahs due to similarities in the inflorescences between them and the closely related Telopea.
Classification
Together with Telopea, Oreocallis and Embothrium, Alloxylon makes up a small group of terminal often red-flowering showy plants scattered around the southern edges of the Pacific Rim. Known as the subtribe Embothriinae, this is an ancient group with roots in the mid Cretaceous, when Australia, Antarctica and South America were linked by land.
Cultivation
They are grown for their incredibly showy flowers. Their large size and, in some cases, lengthy time to flower from seed, has limited their availability as garden plants. However Alloxylon flammeum has proven adaptable and hardy, while the others are more exacting in their requirements. All do best in a well-drained soil rich in organic material but low in phosphorus
with some shelter when small.
Species
Alloxylon brachycarpum
Alloxylon flammeum (type species) (previously Oreocallis wickhamii)
Alloxylon pinnatum
Alloxylon wickhamii
References
External links
Photo of A. pinnatum in flower
Proteaceae genera
Ornamental trees
Taxa named by Michael Crisp
Australasian realm flora
Proteales of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloxylon |
Lester Quitzau (born September 21, 1964) is a Canadian folk and blues guitarist from Edmonton, Alberta.
In addition to his own albums, he also collaborates with the roots trio Tri-Continental with Bill Bourne and Madagascar Slim, and tours and records with his wife, folk-pop singer Mae Moore.
Discography
Keep on Walking (1994)
A Big Love (1996)
Tri-Continental (2000)
So Here We Are (2001)
Live (2002, with Tri-Continental)
Let's Play (2003, with Tri-Continental)
Oh My! (2004, with Mae Moore)
Drifting (2004, with Tri-Continental)
The Same Light (2009)
Dust Dance (2018, with Tri-Continental)
References
External links
Lester Quitzau
1964 births
Living people
Canadian blues guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Canadian folk guitarists
Canadian people of Danish descent
Canadian people of Dutch descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester%20Quitzau |
Windebank may refer to:
Sir Francis Windebank (1582–1646) was an English politician who was Secretary of State under Charles I of England
Sir Thomas Windebank, 1st Baronet (born c. 1612), M.P. for Wootton Bassett and supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He was made a baronet in 1645. He was Clerk of the Signet from 1641 until 1645 and again from 1660 to 1674
Francis Windebank (Royalist soldier) (died 1645), supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. He was court-martial and shot for failing to defend Bletchingdon House, near Oxford.
Christopher Windebank (born 1615), an Englishman who lived in Madrid and worked as guide and interpreter for English ambassadors.
John Windebank (1618–1704), an English physician who was admitted an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1680 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Windebank (Hampshire cricketer) was an English professional cricketer.
See also
Windebank baronets, of Haines Hill (1645) extinct 1719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windebank |
Efisio Melis (1890–1970) was a Sardinian folk musician, and noted to have been one of the greatest launeddas players in the world.
He was born in Villaputzu near the southeastern tip of the island of Sardinia, the same town of fellow noted launeddas player Antonio Lara. Melis was a child prodigy, performing in public at the age of eleven. His career fell into decline in the 1920s, but revived in the mid-1930s when he made a number of recordings on the launeddas that have since been reissued and serve as important documentation of his skill. He was praised by the Danish musicologist, Andreas Fridolin Weis Bentzon, as having a talent comparable to that of Bach and Mozart (cited in Leydi, 1990). His life ended in Cagliari.
See also
Music of Sardinia
References
Leydi, Roberto. "Efisio Melis" in Le tradizioni popolari in Italia; canti e musiche popolari, Milano: Electa, 1990.
External links
Sardinian Music - Buy Sardinian Music
1890 births
1970 deaths
People from the Province of Cagliari
Italian folk musicians
Music in Sardinia
20th-century Italian musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efisio%20Melis |
Just Say Julie is an American comedy/music video show created by and starring comedian and singer Julie Brown. The series aired from 1989 to 1992 on MTV in the United States, where it aired on Friday nights during its run.
Series background
Though Brown was considered an MTV VJ, her only function in playing videos came through her show. The show was extremely popular because it went against MTV's image of playing patsy to popular artists of questionable talent. Brown, as a satirical valley-girl version of herself, would often introduce,"jump into" (by blue screen) or speak after a video with negative, scathing comments about the artist. Teen stars like Tiffany and Debbie Gibson were frequently mocked along with Samantha Fox and Paula Abdul (questioning her tap dancing and talent). A notable example: after playing a Sheena Easton video, Brown quipped that "maybe we should all sleep with Prince so he'll write songs for us." Easton, whose songs were produced by Prince (including "Sugar Walls"), was reputedly outraged, although she would appear as herself in an episode. In another episode Julie provides running commentary as Tawny Kitaen as the Whitesnake video, 'Here I Go Again' plays, saying "Here's my boyfriend David Coverdale... He's the reason I model in a video, because I'm sleeping with him." Julie would also aim barbs at the MTV audience, such as in 'The Nuclear Show': "Hello, MTV-ers. Let's talk about personal hygiene a moment, shall we? For you MTVers that simply means taking a bath. ...You may not care about the way you smell, but think about your co-workers who have to be close to you behind the counter at Burger Boy. Don't they count?"
A popular target was Madonna; Brown insinuated that the young boy in her Cherish video was the love child of Madonna and a dolphin. In the episode "How to Date" Julie says "Don't underestimate the value of parking in cars. Look what it did for Madonna!", and in "The Nuclear Show": "There's more to life than watching MTV, shoplifting and having meaningless sex with people you don't know or care about. Right, Madonna?" Brown would go on to do a scathing mockumentary of Madonna called Medusa: Dare to be Truthful.
Most episodes would also feature a "plot" that was used to string together the videos. In one episode, Julie sells her soul to the devil. Other episodes had Julie shrink herself in order to fight a beauty queens cold after going up her nose. In another, a blonde supermodel thinks too hard and accidentally blows her brain out of her ear and onto the floor. In the episode "Just Say Bon Jovi" Julie claims to be Jon Bon Jovi's girlfriend, and plays only Bon Jovi videos. At the end of the show Jon Bon Jovi appears via video to thank Julie for her support, although he initially confuses her with Downtown Julie Brown. During the run she hosted two editions of "Julie's Choice For The Julie's" a parody of the Emmy's complete with a song and dance from Brown.
She even got her chance to show the video for her 1984 song that MTV refused to air, "The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun", in the episode 'My Evil Twin' where her "sister" Debi (the "Homecoming Queen" from the video, who was "shot" to death, but survived) escaped a mental institution to seek revenge on Julie, and succeeded.
Another recurring gag in most episodes would include a product ostensibly endorsed by a popular celebrity, but inherently flawed. For instance, Julie enjoyed a new breakfast cereal called "Prince Puffs", but found a fly inside the box; when the fly was exposed to Julie's "Sheenapoo" (Sheena Easton shampoo) it became a mutant. Easton later appeared on the show disguising herself as a maid to make Julie go crazy in return for all the times she's made fun of her.
At times Brown was jealous of having her show on the same network that featured another person with the same name, "Downtown Julie Brown", who was the host of Club MTV and whom she would refer to as the "Evil Julie Brown". That 'rivalry' would result in an episode in which the two met face to face only for them to be trapped in the condo, but later rescued by Randee of the Redwoods.
Many other celebrities appeared at Julie's condo including "Weird Al" Yankovic(in the pilot), -Michael McKean, Gene Simmons, Linda Blair, Kip Winger, Colin Quinn, Ken Ober (via telephone), MTV VJ Martha Quinn, and Elvira.
The show made way for the persona Brown became known for: an egocentric, over-the-top, kooky valley girl with an attitude. She would take this character into her film Earth Girls Are Easy, which is considered Brown's crowning achievement in mocking the valley girl persona.
Toward the end of the series run she adopted the "Eco-Gal" persona and along with "Recycle Man" they drove around looking for wrongdoers (like spotting Stevie Nicks twirling around in her driveway and throwing her mail all over the ground).
The show and Brown were parodied on the 1990s cartoon show Tiny Toon Adventures, with Brown voicing the host of "Just Say Julie Bruin."
In 2006, Brown bought the rights to the show and released the DVDs The Very Best of Just Say Julie Volume #1 and The Very Best of Just Say Julie Volume #2 1/2. The DVDs are available through her website and released by "Just Say Julie Productions".
Despite airing for three seasons, Just Say Julie is one of the very few shows that do not have an episode guide or list.
Cast
Julie Brown - Star of the show, a valley girl with attitude.
Larry Poindexter - Plays cute guys Julie would usually flirt with, like the Nuclear Technician in 'The Nuclear Show' or Recycle Man in 'Eco Girl and Recycle Man'. He is introduced in 'How to Date' as: 'Musician, actor and man about Hollywood, Larry Poindexter.'
Stacey Travis - Longtime friend of Julie Brown, she is in almost all of her videos. On the show she plays cute blondes like the model Lake Arrowhead in 'How to be a Model', Sissy White in 'Just Say Bon Jovi 2' and Ashley in 'Salute to Animals'.
Charlie Coffey - The associate producer of the show, he usually plays the stage manager, as in 'The PMS Show' and 'Just Say Bon Jovi 2'.
Stanley DeSantis-played "The Devil" in 2 episodes in which he tries to get Julie to sell her soul as well as various other oddball characters.
Jodi Carlisle - Plays 'Mom' types, such as a contest winner that Julie gives a make-over to in 'How to Be a Model', and Abbey Landers, the advice columnist that attacks Larry in 'How to Date'.
Celia Arden - Julie's real-life Mom appears as herself in some episodes, such as 'Popo the Clown' and 'My Very Own Movie'.
Paul Brown - Julie's real-life brother plays himself on the show. He is usually broke and tries to borrow money from Julie, as in 'How to be a Model' and 'My Very Own Movie'.
References
External links
http://www.juliebrown.com/ Official Website
MTV original programming
1980s American musical comedy television series
1990s American musical comedy television series
1980s American satirical television series
1990s American satirical television series
1980s American sketch comedy television series
1990s American sketch comedy television series
1980s American variety television series
1990s American variety television series
1989 American television series debuts
1992 American television series endings
Metafictional television series
Television series about television
Television series based on singers and musicians
English-language television shows
Television series created by Julie Brown
Television series created by Charlie Coffey (writer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Say%20Julie |
Russian roulette is a potentially lethal game of chance played with a revolver.
Russian roulette may also refer to:
Film and television
Russian Roulette (film), a 1975 film directed by Lou Lombardo
Russian Roulette (film) a 1986 film directed by Edward Bennett
Russian Roulette (film) a 1994 film directed by Greydon Clark
Russian Roulette (game show), a game show produced by the Game Show Network
Literature
Russian Roulette (novel) by Anthony Horowitz
"Russian Roulette" (January 1937), short story by Georges Surdez, published in Collier's Illustrated Weekly
Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin's War on America and the Election of Donald Trump, 2018 non-fiction book by Michael Isikoff and David Corn
Russian Roulette: How British Spies Thwarted Lenin's Plot for Global Revolution, 2013 non-fiction book by Giles Milton
Mathematics
Russian roulette integration, a variance reduction technique in Monte Carlo integration/simulation
Music
Albums
Russian Roulette (Accept album), or the title song
Russian Roulette (The Hollies album), or the title song
Russian Roulette (S.E.X. Appeal album), 2011
Russian Roulette (Triumvirat album), 1980
Russian Roulette (The Alchemist album)
Artists
Roulette (band), a popular Russian-International Emo / Hard Rock band
Extended plays
Russian Roulette (Ed Harcourt EP)
Russian Roulette (Red Velvet EP), or the title song
Russian Roulette (Spica EP)
Songs
"Russian Roulette" (Rihanna song), 2009
"Russian Roulette" (Red Velvet song), 2016
"Russian Roulette", a song by Steve Aoki from his 2022 album Hiroquest: Genesis
"Russian Roulette", a song by Lil Baby from his 2022 album It's Only Me
"Russian Roulette", a song by 10 Years from their Division album
"Russian Roulette", a song by The Lords of the New Church from their debut LP
"Russian Roulette", a single by Tungevaag & Raaban with Charlie Who?, 2015
"Russian Roulette", a song by Laban from their 1987 album Roulette
"Russian Roulette", a song by Michelle Shocked from her 1989 album Captain Swing
"Russian Roulette", a song by Kiss from their 2009 album Sonic Boom
"Russian Roulette", a song by John Cale from his 1981 album Honi Soit
"Russian Roulette", a song by Blue Stingrays from their 1997 album Surf-n-Burn
"Ro Ro Ro Russian Roulette", a song by Meiko Nakahara; the theme song of the series Dirty Pair
See also
Rushing Roulette, a 1965 Merrie Melodies cartoon starring Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian%20Roulette%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Conospermum is a genus of about 50 species in the family Proteaceae that are endemic to Australia. Members of the genus are known as smokebushes - from a distance, their wispy heads of blue or grey flowers resemble puffs of smoke. They have an unusual pollination method that sometimes leads to the death of visiting insects. They are found in all Australian states, though most occur only in Western Australia. Smokebushes are rarely cultivated, though the flowers of several Western Australian species are harvested for the cut flower industry.
Description
Conospermum species are shrubs or small trees ranging in height from to . The leaves are usually simple, linear or egg-shaped and have margins without teeth. The flowers have both male and female parts, are arranged in heads or spikes of a few to many flowers and are white pink, blue, grey or cream-coloured. The fruit is a small nut usually with a fringe of hairs at its base.
Taxonomy and naming
The genus was first formally described by James Edward Smith in 1798 and the description was published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. The name (Conospermum) is from the Ancient Greek words κῶνος (kônos) meaning "cone" and σπέρμα (spérma) meaning "seed" referring to the shape of the nut. Members of the genus are commonly known as smokebushes due to the grey flowers resembling smoke arising off the plant. The type species is the long leaf smokebush (C. longifolium), though Smith did not get around to describing it until 1806.
Australian botanists Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs placed Conospermum in the subtribe Conosperminae along with the genus Synaphea in their 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family". Molecular evidence confirmed the two genera are each other's closest relatives.
Distribution and habitat
Conospermum species are found in all mainland Australian states. Most species occur in the south-west of Western Australia but 6 species occur in New South Wales and one in Tasmania.
Ecology
Members of this genus have flowers that are pollinated by insects. The flowers are unusual in that when they open, the style is compressed. When an insect lands on the flower, the style flicks from one side of the flower to the other, at the same time collecting pollen and adding adhesive to the insect. The fertile anthers then "explode" dusting the insect with pollen. The force of the "flick" can kill small ants and flies. Some bees in the genus Leioproctus (L. conospermi, L. pappus and L. tomentosus) feed exclusively on one or two species of Conospermum obtaining both nectar and pollen. Some appear to be camouflaged, having white eyes, milky-coloured wings and bodies covered with white hair. Leioproctus can be considered as closely co-evolved. Other bees are too large to fit inside the unscented tubular flowers of Conospermum, According to a 2020 paper, ant pollination, which is quite rare in plants, is a key component of Conospermum pollination because the plant has overcome the ant's antimicrobial defenses. "Although ants were generalist visitors, they carried a pollen load with 68–86 % of suitable grains. Moreover, ants significantly contributed to the seed set of C. undulatum."
Use in horticulture
Although not common in horticulture, some members of the genus Conospermum, especially the Western Australian smoke bushes are particularly attractive. The western species are difficult to propagate and the eastern ones are not of great horticultural potential.
Four species—summer smokebush (C. crassinervium), plume smokebush (C. incurvum), common smokebush (C. stoechadis) and tree smokebush (C. triplinervium)—are used in the cut flower industry. Mostly harvested from the wild, they are difficult to cultivate, although information on growing 6 species on a commercial scale is available.
Species
Conospermum acerosum
Conospermum amoenum
Conospermum boreale
Conospermum brachyphyllum
Conospermum bracteosum
Conospermum brownii
Conospermum burgessiorum
Conospermum caeruleum
Conospermum canaliculatum
Conospermum capitatum
Conospermum cinereum
Conospermum coerulescens
Conospermum crassinervium
Conospermum croniniae
Conospermum densiflorum
Conospermum distichum
Conospermum eatoniae
Conospermum ellipticum
Conospermum ephedroides
Conospermum ericifolium
Conospermum filifolium
Conospermum flexuosum
Conospermum floribundum
Conospermum galeatum
Conospermum glumaceum
Conospermum hookeri
Conospermum huegelii
Conospermum incurvum
Conospermum leianthum
Conospermum longifolium
Conospermum microflorum
Conospermum mitchellii
Conospermum multispicatum
Conospermum nervosum
Conospermum paniculatum
Conospermum patens
Conospermum petiolare
Conospermum polycephalum
Conospermum quadripetalum
Conospermum scaposum
Conospermum sigmoideum
Conospermum spectabile
Conospermum sphacelatum
Conospermum stoechadis
Conospermum taxifolium
Conospermum tenuifolium
Conospermum teretifolium
Conospermum toddii
Conospermum triplinervium
Conospermum undulatum
Conospermum unilaterale
Conospermum wycherleyi
References
External links
Proteaceae genera
Proteales of Australia
Endemic flora of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conospermum |
Knock Knock is the seventh studio album by Bill Callahan, released under his Smog alias. It was originally released through Drag City in January 1999. In Europe, it was released through Domino Recording Company.
Critical reception
Heather Phares of AllMusic gave the album 4.5 out of 5 stars, calling it "Bill Callahan's subtlest collection of songs yet." She added, "It's a moving album on many levels; not only do the songs have Smog's usual emotional intimacy, their subjects move away from difficult, claustrophobic situations toward maturity and acceptance."
Michele Romero of Entertainment Weekly gave the album a grade of B+, saying, "The energy jolt serves him well, making the delicate broken spirit of his lyrics cathartic rather than depressing."
NME listed it as the 10th best album of 1999. Steve Jelbert of The Independent named it the best pop album of 1999.
Track listing
References
External links
1999 albums
Bill Callahan (musician) albums
Drag City (record label) albums
Domino Recording Company albums
Albums produced by Jim O'Rourke (musician) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock%20Knock%20%28Smog%20album%29 |
Jayaben Thakkar (born 14 May 1952) is a former member of Lok Sabha. She represented the Vadodara constituency of Gujarat in the 14th Lok Sabha and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
Living people
1952 births
People from Vadodara
India MPs 2004–2009
Women in Gujarat politics
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
Women members of the Lok Sabha
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayaben%20Thakkar |
Hope Christian School is a private, co-educational, non-denominational Christian school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. It has a 40+ year history and is the largest private school in New Mexico. Hope educates approximately 1300 students per year from Pre-K through 12th grade. Hope is known for its accelerated curricula, championship athletics, award-winning arts and biblical worldview approach to everything curricular and extracurricular.
History
Hope was founded in 1976 by Wayne Ehlert to provide a non-denominational Christian education to students in Albuquerque. Beginning as a high school, Hope expanded to include middle school grades in 1981 and grades 1–5 in 1982, eventually adding kindergarten and preschool as well. As enrollment increased over time, the single campus was no longer sufficient for the school's needs. In the late 1990s the school purchased a nearby church and its adjacent land. This land, located just northwest of the original campus, was developed into an elementary school campus that opened to students in fall 1997. In early 2002, the school purchased a plot of land just north of the main high school campus, which now houses the middle-school campus.
Campuses
Hope currently houses three campuses along Palomas Avenue in northeast Albuquerque, parallel to Paseo Del Norte between San Pedro and Louisiana. The Elementary Campus houses grades K-5, as well as Hope Preschool (Preschool and Pre-K, ages 3–4). The Middle School Campus on the corner of Paseo and Louisiana houses grades 6–8. The High School houses grades 9-12.
Academics
Hope Christian has maintained a 98% college-bound graduation rate. Hope offers Honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses, as well as dual-credit courses. In 2017, the graduating class was offered $9.5 million in college scholarships.
Students are trained in a variety of fields. Hope relies on a combination of curricula in the lower grades, as well as a variety of both secular and religious textbooks in the upper grades. The elementary combination curriculum includes the A Beka, Bob Jones, and ACSI curricula. All education is taught from a Biblical worldview but a non-denominational perspective. The approach to science, like all other subjects, is Bible-based.
Athletics
Hope High School is a NMAA 4A class school offering 23 Varsity sports and a long list of championship titles. As of 2016 it boasted 26 boys athletic state championships and 56 girls athletic state championships. Hope's drill team, the Huskettes, has had 23 winning seasons. Hope's basketball team is a recognized leader among state high school basketball teams, with over 700 boys basketball games wins under the leadership of Coach Jim Murphy.
Hope has offered its student body on the middle school and high school campuses a wide selection of sports for boys and girls for years, including a football program which began in 2009. It also now offers a wide range of athletics on the Elementary campus as well, through APIAL. Hope maintains a "no-cut" policy in many sports so that each student can have the full benefit of being on a team.
Controversy
In 2012 Hope Christian School denied acceptance to a 3-year-old wishing to attend the school because the child had gay parents. The school issued an explanation which stated that "same gender couples are inconsistent with scriptural lifestyle and biblical teachings".
External links
References
High schools in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Middle schools in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Private elementary schools in New Mexico
Private middle schools in New Mexico
Private high schools in New Mexico
Christian schools in New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope%20Christian%20School |
"Pop Muzik" is a 1979 song by M, a project by English musician Robin Scott, from the debut album New York • London • Paris • Munich. The single, first released in the UK in early 1979, was bolstered by a music video (directed by Brian Grant) that was well received by critics. The clip featured Scott as a DJ singing into a microphone from behind an exaggerated turntable setup, at times flanked by two female models who sang and danced in a robotic manner. The video also featured Brigit Novik, Scott's wife at the time, who provided the backup vocals for the track.
The single's B-side, "M Factor", was featured in two different versions. The original cut appeared on the first UK and European releases of the single, while a slightly remixed version appeared on the single released in the United States and Canada. "Pop Muzik" reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100, the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, and number 2 in the UK Singles Chart.
Concept and chart performance
The song was initially recorded in R&B and funk styles before a friend of Scott suggested using synthesisers. He describes the genesis of "Pop Muzik":
I was looking to make a fusion of various styles which somehow would summarise the last 25 years of pop music. It was a deliberate point I was trying to make. Whereas rock and roll had created a generation gap, disco was bringing people together on an enormous scale. That's why I really wanted to make a simple, bland statement, which was, 'All we're talking about basically (is) pop music.'
Cash Box described it as a "quirky Euro-pop number," stating that "the nonsensical lyrics create a catchy cadence." Record World described it as a "totally infectious body-mover."
The single was released in the UK first, peaking at number 2 on 12 May 1979, unable to break Art Garfunkel's 6-week stint at number one with "Bright Eyes". In August of that same year, it was released in North America, where it eventually climbed all the way to number 1 in Canada on 27 October and in the US on 3 November.
Along with Scott, other musicians who played on the track were his brother Julian Scott (on bass), then unknown keyboardist Wally Badarou, Canadian synthesiser programmer John Lewis, drummer Phil Gould (who later became one of the founding members of the group Level 42), Gary Barnacle and Brigit Novik, the backing vocalist, credited as "Brigit Vinchon" on the records and sleeves.
The image of the baby on "Pop Muzik"'s single disc pictures Robin Scott's daughter, Berenice. She is now a singer, piano/keyboard player and composer and involved in projects with her father's friends Phil Gould and Wally Badarou.
Album
The subsequent full-length album New York • London • Paris • Munich was recorded in Montreux, Switzerland, at Queen's Mountain Studio, with lead singer and guitarist Robin Scott and regular engineer David Richards, as well as Julian Scott, Wally Badarou and Brigit Novik.
Additional musicians on the album included drummer Phil Gould, Gary Barnacle on saxophone and flute, and David Bowie (a friend of Scott and a resident of Montreux at the time) who provided occasional handclaps.
The album was also released in the United States on Sire Records with a different track listing but it was not commercially successful, compared to the album's success in Europe.
Other formats
The UK 12-inch single version was notable for the A-side having a double groove so that the two tracks ("Pop Muzik" and "M Factor") both started at the outer edge of the record and finished in the middle (with a long silence at the end of "M Factor" since the track was the shorter of the two). This resulted in a random selection of the two tracks, depending on which groove the needle landed in the lead-in. To further market this idea, the UK record sleeve stated "B side included on A side, full length disco mix of Pop Musik on Seaside". 'Seaside' (in other words "C side") was a simple play on words as the letter C, apart from being the logical next "side" after the A and B sides, is pronounced the same way as the English word "sea".
The song was remixed and re-released in 1989 where it reached number 15 in the UK Singles Charts.
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Formats and track listings
Original 7" single
Original 7" single released by MCA Records and EMI in Europe.
Pop Muzik – 3:21
M Factor – 2:30
Original 7" single with Prize message
Original 7" single released by MCA Records and EMI in Europe, and had a special 'Prize Message' at the end of the A-side which said "It's a Winner!" Presenting the record at the retailer entitled you to a small cash prize/ Free gift.
Pop Muzik – 3:29
M Factor – 2:30
Long version single
Released in both 7" and 12" vinyl single formats in the United States by Sire Records, and as a 12" vinyl in France by Pathé Marconi EMI, all featuring a longer version of the song
Pop Muzik (Long Version) – 4:58
M Factor – 2:30
Netherlands 12" single
12" single released in the Netherlands by MCA Records. The B-side "M Factor" was featured on the A-side of the vinyl on this release, with a remix of the title song on the B-side.
Pop Muzik
M Factor
Pop Muzik (Long Version)
Sweden 7" 1989 release
7" single released in Sweden in 1989 by Freestyle Records
Pop Muzik (Edited 1989 Remix) – 3:10
Pop Muzik (Original 7" Version) – 3:20
Sweden 12" 1989 release
12" single released in Sweden in 1989 by Freestyle Records
Pop Muzik (Extended 1989 Hip Hop Remix) – 5:40
Pop Muzik (7" Version) – 3:20
Pop Muzik (Edited 1989 Dub Remix) – 3:20
Pop Muzik (Original 12" Version) – 5:00
Pop Muzik (Edited 1989 Remix) – 3:10
Germany 12" 1989 release
12" single released in Germany in 1989 by ZYX Records
Pop Muzik (The Hip Hop Club Remix) – 5:38
Pop Muzik (The Hip Hop Remix) – 3:20
Pop Muzik (Original '79 Mix) – 3:21
Germany CD 2001 release
CD single released in Germany in 2001 by ZYX Records
Pop Muzik (Britannia '89 Remix) – 3:11
Pop Muzik (Cabinet Remix) – 7:38
Pop Muzik (Original Version) – 3:21
Cover versions
Male vocal and instrumental band All Systems Go entered the UK Singles Chart on 18 June 1988. It reached number 63, and remained in the chart for 2 weeks.
In 1997, U2 remixed the song to use as the opening track for their PopMart Tour. The remix features an upbeat tempo and use of synthesizers. In the live version, Robin Scott's vocals were used. The song was released on the "Last Night on Earth" single and Bono's vocals replaced Scott's. The only part of the song Bono added was the line "dance to the PopMart, top of the food chain." Andrew Unterberger of Stylus Magazine said the cover was "hardly the most musically accomplished thing U2 did in this period, but I can't think of a better choice to introduce this period of their career." It is also a featured track on PopMart: Live from Mexico City.
See also
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1979
List of European number-one hits of 1979
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s
List of number-one singles of 1979 (Canada)
List of number-one hits of 1979 (Germany)
List of number-one singles and albums in Sweden
List of number-one singles from 1968 to 1979 (Switzerland)
List of RPM number-one dance singles of 1979
References
External links
1979 songs
1979 singles
1988 singles
1989 singles
2001 singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
British new wave songs
British synth-pop songs
British disco songs
EMI Records singles
European Hot 100 Singles number-one singles
MCA Records singles
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in Denmark
Number-one singles in Germany
Number-one singles in South Africa
Number-one singles in Sweden
Number-one singles in Switzerland
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Sire Records singles
Songs about pop music
U2 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop%20Muzik |
No. 83 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force intelligence unit. It was originally formed in 1943 as a 'home defence' fighter squadron and provided air defence to several locations in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New South Wales before being disbanded in 1945. The squadron was re-raised in 2021, and is responsible for a system which integrates intelligence from multiple sources.
History
World War II
No. 83 Squadron was formed at Strathpine, Queensland, on 26 February 1943. Its role was to intercept unidentified and hostile aircraft, ships and submarines in the Brisbane area. The squadron was initially equipped with six P-39 Airacobra fighters and had only 10 officers and 27 airmen out of its authorised strength of 27 officers and 310 airmen.
The squadron's first operations were flown over the Brisbane area. While it responded to numerous reports of potentially hostile activity it did not sight any Japanese submarines or aircraft. Most operations were conducted from Petrie while the squadron headquarters remained at Strathpine. The squadron began to be re-equipped with Australian designed and built Boomerang fighters in June and the Airacobras were withdrawn in September. It reached its full strength of 21 Boomerangs and a single Moth Minor in October 1943.
No. 83 Squadron moved from Queensland to the Northern Territory in late 1943. All its aircraft suffered from technical faults when they first arrived at Milingimbi Island and none could be used in operations until December. The squadron was subsequently deployed to Melville Island in December and remained there until January 1944, when it made a further move to RAAF Airfield Gove on the mainland. While at Gove the squadron's Boomerangs escorted Allied shipping and conducted patrols. By this time few Japanese forces were operating in the area and No. 83 Squadron did not see combat.
The squadron left the Northern Territory in mid-1944, and arrived at Camden, New South Wales in August where it continued operations with its Boomerangs. In February 1945 it moved again to Menangle where it was disbanded on 18 September 1945. At least one of the Boomerangs operated by No. 83 Squadron remains in flying condition under private ownership. A further No. 83 Squadron Boomerang has been preserved at the RAAF Museum and the fuselage of another is at the Australian National Aviation Museum.
Re-establishment
No. 83 Squadron was re-raised on 1 January 2021 from the Distributed Ground Station Australia unit that had formed part of No. 87 Squadron until January 2020. The RAAF had begun development of the Distributed Ground Station Australia system in 2009. The squadron forms part of the Information Warfare Directorate. The Distributed Ground Station is a system which integrates and disseminates intelligence from multiple sources. The squadron is located at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia.
Notes
References
83
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Military units and formations established in 2021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%2083%20Squadron%20RAAF |
Acne is acneiform eruptions. It is usually used as a synonym for acne vulgaris (common acne), but may also refer to:
Medicine
Acne aestivalis, a special kind of polymorphous light eruption induced by ultra violet A radiation
Acne conglobata, a highly inflammatory disease presenting with comedones, nodules, abscesses, and draining sinus tracts
Acne cosmetica, acne caused by or aggravated by cosmetics
Acne fulminans, a severe form of acne
Acne keloidalis nuchae, a destructive scarring folliculitis that occurs almost exclusively on the occipital scalp of people of African descent, primarily men
Acne mechanica, an acneiform eruption observed after repetitive physical trauma to the skin such as rubbing from clothing or sports equipment
Acne medicamentosa (drug-induced acne) (e.g., steroid acne)
Acne miliaris necrotica, a rare condition consisting of follicular vesicopustules, sometimes occurring as solitary lesions that are usually very itchy
Acne necrotica, primary lesions that are pruritic or painful erythematous follicular-based papules that develop central necrosis and crusting and heal with a varioliform scar
Acne rosacea, a red rash predominantly on the face
Acne vulgaris (common acne)
Baby acne, a rash seen on the cheeks, chin, and forehead of infants
Blackheads
Chloracne, an acne-like eruption of blackheads, cysts, and pustules associated with exposure to certain halogenated aromatic compounds, such as chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans
Excoriated acne, mild acne accompanied by extensive excoriations caused by scratching or squeezing pimples
Halogen acne, caused by iodides, bromides and fluorides (halogens) that induce an acneiform eruption similar to that observed with steroids
Hidradenitis suppurativa, chronic abscesses or boils of sweat glands and hair follicles; in the underarms, groin and buttocks, and under the breasts in women
Infantile acne/Neonatal acne
Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
Occupational acne
Oil acne
Pomade acne, affecting the forehead due to misapplication of hairstyling product
Pseudofolliculitis barbae (Acne keloidalis nuchae), a rash caused by shaving
Tar acne, caused by exposure to tars used in industry
Tropical acne, unusually severe acne occurring in the tropics during seasons when the weather is hot and humid
Tycoon's cap, acne necrotica miliaris, a disease of the scalp
Other uses
Acne Studios, a Swedish fashion house
Acne (film), a 2008 Uruguayan film directed by Federico Veiroj
See also
Acme (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Floydia is a monotypic genus of plants in the macadamia family Proteaceae which is endemic to Australia. The sole described species is Floydia praealta, commonly known as the ball nut. It is a somewhat rare tree found only growing in the rainforests of southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. The tree has a superficial resemblance to the closely related Macadamia and could be confused with them. The fruit of F. praealta is poisonous.
Description
Floydia praealta is a tree growing to tall with a trunk up to diameter. The leaves are mid-green, shiny, glabrous and stiff. They measure up to long by wide and are held on a petiole up to long. There are between 10 and 28 pairs of secondary veins and a densely reticulate tertiary venation which are all obvious on both surfaces.
The inflorescence is a raceme up to long carrying numerous cream flowers in pairs. The flowers have 4 hairy tepals and are up to long. The fruit is a globular, woody follicle around diameter.
Taxonomy
The species was formally described in 1862 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller based on plant material collected near the Clarence River in northern New South Wales and the Brisbane River in Queensland. In his publication Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ Mueller named the plant Helicia praealta. The species was transferred to the genus Macadamia in 1901 by Queensland Colonial Botanist Frederick Manson Bailey and then to Floydia in 1975 by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs.
Gallery
References
External links
View a map of recorded sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
View observations of this species on iNaturalist
See images of this species on Flickriver
Botanical illustration (Australian National Botanic Gardens)
Roupaleae
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Proteales of Australia
Vulnerable flora of Australia
Monotypic Proteaceae genera
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
Taxa named by Barbara G. Briggs
Taxa named by Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson
Endemic flora of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floydia |
IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG (FWB: IKBG) is a bank headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. It was established in 1924 under the name Bank für Industrie-Obligationen (). IKB supports medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Europe with loans, risk management, capital market services and advisory services. The online offering for retail banking customers covers overnight and term money, bank savings schemes, bank deposits and selected commercial papers. The bank has six branches in Germany. Single shareholder is the investment company Lone Star.
Corporation
IKB (Industriekreditbank) was granted its banking license in 1924 as "Bafio" (Bank für deutsche Industrieobligationen, Bank for German Industry Obligations). Bafio dealt in long-term real estate financing in an effort to aid the German economy grow under the weight of the World War I reparations the country owed.
The bank was incorporated under Germany's stock law (Aktiengesetz) in 1945. In 1974 it merged with Deutsche Industriebank to become IKB Deutsche Industriebank.
IKB's main area of business is financing for small and medium enterprises in Germany. In addition to corporate financing, they also undertake real estate financing.
The German government's financing bank, KfW (formerly Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau), owned a 38% stake in IKB. After several months of consideration of the sale of the IKB stake, it was announced on 21 August 2008 that private equity firm Lone Star Funds would acquire a 90.8% holding in the bank. The sale process of KfW's shares to Lone Star Funds was closed on 29 October 2008.
2007 subprime crisis
Losses
When the subprime market in the United States crashed in the summer of 2007, the global reach of the crisis was not immediately obvious. Several European banks, however, became victims of the crisis due to investment history; IKB was among the first European bank to declare financial trouble due to the subprime disaster.
In July 2007, IKB announced that it had been affected by the subprime mortgage financial crisis in the United States. Only a week earlier the bank had released a statement saying it expected to meet its earnings goals for the year. "Rhinebridge", a structured vehicle operated by IKB, had invested heavily in the U.S. subprime market.
To control the effects of the crisis in Germany, KfW, along with numerous commercial and coop banks (including Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank), formed a rescue fund to bail out the group. The funds used to bail out the bank amounted to €3.5 billion. Although IKB's stocks fell drastically, the bank avoided default, and the rescue is credited with having spared the German economy drastic fallout from the subprime crisis.
In February 2008, the German government announced that IKB would require another rescue package to remain liquid, largely because peer banks were reluctant to invest further in the bank. The rescue package was announced in mid February at an amount of €1.5 billion. As a result of the losses suffered by IKB, the company was demoted from Deutsche Börse's mid-cap MDAX stock market index to the small-cap SDAX in March 2008.
Investigations and controversy
Misconduct investigation by the Federal Republic of Germany
After the crash of its shares, the German financial watchdog BaFin and the Ministry of Finance opened an investigation into allegations of reporting and accounting misconduct. Although no charges were brought against the bank, four of the five executives of IKB stepped down between 1 August and 1 November 2007.
State aid investigation by the European Union
Shortly after the IKB crash, the European Union opened an investigation into the rescue package to determine if the package contravened its state aid regulations. After protracted talks with the EU, the German government submitted an official notification of the rescue measures and possible future restructuring measures in January 2008. , no ruling has been made by the European Court on the IKB case.
Goldman Sachs SEC lawsuit
IKB was mentioned by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in court fillings when it sued Goldman Sachs and one of Goldman's Collateralized debt obligation (CDO) traders on 16 April 2010. The SEC alleged that IKB was on the wrong side of the CDO instruments Goldman was creating and that Goldman defrauded both IKB and ABN AMRO in failing to disclose that the CDOs that IKB was purchasing were not assembled by a third party, but instead through the guidance of a hedge fund that was counterparty in the CDS transaction. This hedge fund, Paulson & Co., stood to earn great benefit in the event of default The suit by the SEC alleges that IKB lost $150 million which Paulson gained.
References
External links
English website of IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG
Banks of Germany
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKB%20Deutsche%20Industriebank |
RuPaul is: Starbooty! is a 1987 low-budget underground film trilogy starring and co-produced by a then-unknown drag queen, RuPaul. Because it was produced on a very low budget, various posters, advertisements and video covers alternate the spelling between "Starbooty" and "Starrbooty".
Plot
Filmed on a zero-dollar budget, the movies are a pastiche of 1960s blaxploitation films. RuPaul stars as Starbooty, a crime fighting federal agent who disposes of villains while getting entangled in romantic liaisons. At the time, RuPaul was still participating in a type of drag known as genderfuck; as such his appearance generally is of a man with feminine makeup and clothes, but no padding or taping to make the body look female.
Outside the canon of the actual films, a sketch on RuPaul's VH1 talk show continued the storyline of the character of Starbooty with a preview for an alleged new film called "Starbooty in: Take That You Honky Bitch".
Sequel and distribution
In 2006 RuPaul used his blog to discuss a film he was in the process of making which he called "The Untitled RuPaul Movie". The film was initially titled Starrbooty: Reloaded but ultimately is just called Starrbooty. The film follows similar plot lines from the previous ones, but contains more sexually explicit content.
When originally produced, cheaply manufactured video cassettes were passed out on the streets and at clubs. They were also sold, on DVD, at the website of Funtone Records, a trademark established by John Witherspoon, the man who paid to produce the films originally, until Witherspoon's death.
The films are currently out of print and not in active distribution.
Feature films
Star Booty I: The Motion Picture opens with the kidnapping of President Ronald Reagan’s son, Ron Reagan, in an affluent Atlanta neighborhood by the Evil Twins, one male and the other female. The word is spread quickly. Max, a secret agent, calls Star Booty, an ex-model turned secret agent to alert her of the situation. Star Booty is then revealed in the conversation to be a patriotic American citizen. She is grateful that her employment with the United States government has turned her life into something positive, something she keeps repeating in the film. Hiding in a house, the Evil Twins reveal that they plan to infect the world with the AIDS virus, which they have samples of bottled in a jar. When the Twins discover Star Booty snooping around, they decide to dump the virus through the water pipes. Star Booty breaks in and thwarts the plan. The Twins start to fight her and as they fight, Star Booty finds heroin on the male twin. As both twins are lying unconscious Star Booty gives a heartfelt monologue about her mission to purge drugs from society. The Twins wake up and try to escape, but Star Booty's quick reflexes stop them. Star Booty throws the Twins from the second story to the ground and they die. Later, Max calls Star Booty to congratulate her on her success. While he is speaking, Max and his secretary are fondling and doing heroin, which may suggest a conspiracy.
Star Booty II: The Mack is the sequel. RuPaul reprises her role as Star Booty. The film opens with Cornisha, leaving her pimp Mack's hideout and renouncing her harlot ways. Mack is furious and beats her down. Cornisha, injured, manages to escape and reach a payphone to call Star Booty. As she is talking, Cornisha dies, as a result of her injuries.
A helicopter arrives with Max. Max is shown from the back and played by a different actor and his face is never revealed. He meets Star Booty in downtown and gives her information about Mack. Star Booty vows to avenge her sister's death and to kill Mack.
On the streets of Atlanta, a whore named Lizeth, and two unnamed ones, hustle for their breakfast. Star Booty, undercover, comes upon these girls with a swagger and a confidence that they don't have. She inquires whether they have a pimp or not and she urges them to be self-reliant and join her. Lizeth is revealed to be pessimistic and emotionally codependent on Mack and claims he treats her right and is reluctant to do so. Eventually, she befriends them and before long, they are running the streets together.
Mack sees Star Booty on a street corner and takes her to his bar hideout. Mack is smitten by Star Booty and gives her a puff of his cigarette. Their canoodling is interrupted by a phone call. The caller who is revealed to be Lizeth, warns Mack that Star Booty is going to kill him. While Mack is speaking on the phone, Star Booty starts snooping around for evidence and discovers files that show evidence of her sister's murder, alcohol, and exploiting of women. Mack catches Star Booty and she reveals who she really is and why she is there. Star Booty escapes and meets with the other girls and discovers that Lizeth is the traitor and Star Booty and the other girls go find her. Unbeknownst to them, Lizeth is searching for Star Booty to kill her.
Star Booty and the girls encounter Lizeth who pulls a knife on them. A fight ensues and Lizeth is killed. Star Booty searches for Mack and finds him in a parking lot. A scuffle ensues and during the fight, Mack pulls a Tommy gun that Star Booty manages to knock out of his hand before he can shoot. Quick thinking and fast reflexes, she picks up the gun and kills Mack. Star Booty meets with Max, gives him searches for Mack and finds him in a parking lot. The films closes with a song called “The Mack”.
Star Booty III: Star Booty's Revenge is the third installment. The film opens with Max, telling Star Booty of her new assignment. The Singing Peek Sisters have kidnapped Larry Tee. This time the film takes us from Atlanta to New York city. There's an opening montage of shots that show Star Booty undercover throughout the city. Star Booty arrives at the hideout of the Singing Peek Sisters where they have tied Larry Tee with dynamite and apparently are angry with not having a recording contract while their rivals do. Star Booty encourages them to trust her and to follow her plan to success. They let Tee go and with Star Booty's help, they hit the recording studio and start promoting themselves in New York city and eventually make it to number one on the Billboard charts. In the end, Star Booty says, "I knew they could do it".
Soundtrack
RuPaul Is Star Booty was released in 1986 on LP along with the movie RuPaul Is: Starbooty!, as an Original Motion Picture Soundtrack with 8 songs. It was released by Atlanta-based label, Funtone Records. On October 7, 1997 the soundtrack was released to CD in conjuncture with Every Records. It marks the first collaboration between RuPaul and producers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato (The Fabulous Pop Tarts), who went on to found World of Wonder, the production company that now produces RuPaul's Drag Race.
Track listing
Writing credits adapted from Allmusic.
Release history
See also
The American Music Show
References
1
External links
Official website of 2007 film
1987 films
American LGBT-related films
Drag (entertainment)-related films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuPaul%20Is%3A%20Starbooty%21 |
Gaspare Pisciotta (Montelepre, 5 March 1924 – Palermo, 9 February 1954) was a companion of the Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano, and considered to be the co-leader of his outlaw band. He is also the Judas in Giuliano's legend as he betrayed Giuliano and killed him.
Origins
Gaspare Pisciotta, nicknamed Aspanu by friends, was born in Montelepre in Western Sicily in 1924. While Giuliano remained in Montelepre during the war, Pisciotta joined the army and was captured fighting against the Germans. He was released in 1945 and returned to Sicily, joining Giuliano's separatist campaign and thus being one of the founding members of his band.
Trial
Shortly after Giuliano's death on 5 July 1950, Pisciotta was captured and brought to trial for his crimes as a bandit. During the trial for the Portella della Ginestra massacre he made the startling revelation that it had been he who assassinated Giuliano in his sleep, a statement which contradicted the police account that Giuliano had been shot by Carabinieri captain Antonio Perenze in a gunfight in Castelvetrano. He claimed to have killed Giuliano on the instruction of Mario Scelba, then Minister of the Interior, and to have had an arrangement with Colonel Ugo Luca, the head of the anti-bandit force in Sicily, to collaborate on the condition that he should not be charged and that Luca would intervene in his favour if he were caught.
At the trial, Pisciotta said: "Those who have made promises to us are called Bernardo Mattarella, Prince Alliata, the monarchist MP Marchesano and also Signor Scelba, Minister for Home Affairs ... it was Marchesano, Prince Alliata and Bernardo Mattarella who ordered the massacre of Portella di Ginestra. Before the massacre, they met Giuliano". However, the MPs Mattarella, Alliata and Marchesano were declared innocent by the Court of Appeal of Palermo, at a trial which dealt with their alleged role in the event. During his trial Pisciotta could not account for Giuliano's documents in which he named the high-ranking government officials and mafiosi involved with Giuliano's band.
Pisciotta was sentenced to life in imprisonment and forced labour; most of the other 70 bandits met the same fate. Others were at large, but one by one they all disappeared. When Pisciotta realized that he had been abandoned by all and was condemned, he declared that he was going to tell the whole truth, in particular, who signed the letter which had been brought to Giuliano on 27 April 1947, which demanded the massacre at Portella delle Ginistra in exchange for liberty for us all and which Giuliano had destroyed immediately.
Giuliano's mother reportedly had suspected Pisciotta as a potential traitor before her son's death, although Giuliano had tried to convince her of his trust in his lieutenant in a letter: "we respect each other as brothers' what he is I am, and what I am he is." If Gaspare Pisciotta's testimony was true, Giuliano suspected nothing until the time of his death.
Imprisonment and death
In prison, Pisciotta made it clear that he believed his life was in danger. He was reported to have said "One of these days, they will kill me", and he refused to share a cell with anyone but his father, also serving a life sentence for involvement in Giuliano's band. Gaspare even reportedly kept a tame sparrow to test his food for poison, and ate nothing but what his mother brought for him from home. However, on the morning of 9 February 1954, Gaspare took a vitamin preparation which he stirred into his coffee and drank. He almost immediately became violently ill, and despite being rushed to the prison infirmary, he was dead within forty minutes. The cause of death, as revealed by the autopsy, was the ingestion of 20 mg of strychnine.
Both the government and the Mafia were suggested as being behind the murder of Pisciotta, but no one was ever brought to trial. Gaspare's mother Rosalia wrote a letter to the press on 18 March 1954 denouncing the governmental corruption and possible Mafia involvement in her son's death, stating: "Yes, it is true that my son Gaspare will never open his mouth again, and already many people think they are safe; but who knows – perhaps other things may speak." Gaspare Pisciotta had supposedly written an autobiography in prison, to which his mother may have been referring, and which his brother Pietro tried to sell. However, this document went missing and its contents remain unknown.
Dramatisations
In Francesco Rosi's 1961 film, Salvatore Giuliano, Pisciotta was played by Frank Wolff. Mario Puzo's 1984 novel The Sicilian is a dramatized version of Giuliano and Pisciotta's story, set in the universe of The Godfather. The book was made into a film in 1987, directed by Michael Cimino, starring Christopher Lambert as Giuliano, and John Turturro as Pisciotta.
Gaspare Pisciotta is also a character in the opera Salvatore Giuliano, written by the Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero in 1985.
In Paolo Sorrentino's 2008 film "Il divo", it is suggested that former Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti was partly responsible for Pisciotta's murder when Interior Minister, as Pisciotta could have revealed who instigated Giuliano's death.
References
Chandler, Billy James (1988). King of the Mountain: The Life and Death of Giuliano the Bandit, DeKalb (IL): Northern Illinois University Press
Maxwell, Gavin (1956). God Protect Me From My Friends, London: Longmans
Servadio, Gaia (1976). Mafioso: A History of the Mafia from Its Origins to the Present Day, London: Secker & Warburg
Norman Lewis (2003). The Honoured Society: The Sicilian Mafia Observed Eland Publishing Ltd
1924 births
1954 deaths
People from Montelepre
Sicilian rebels
Sicilian bandits
Italian people who died in prison custody
Italian murder victims
People murdered in Italy
Deaths by poisoning
Sicilian nationalists
Sicilian nationalism
Salvatore Giuliano | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspare%20Pisciotta |
Paul Malcolm Adcock (born 2 May 1972) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward.
Career
Adcock was born in Ilminster, Somerset. He began as an apprentice with Plymouth Argyle, turning professional on 7 August 1990. He made his league debut for the Pilgrims on 18 September 1990 in a 2–2 draw with Oxford United at Home Park. Paul was selected for England un19s for the world youth championships during this time.
He had a severe back problem while establishing himself in the Plymouth side, making 21 league appearances and 48 in total in the following three years until his release by manager Peter Shilton in the 1993 close season when he joined Bath City. On his debut for Bath in August 1993, he scored three goals, with his form in the conference (averaging a goal every other game) leading to a second chance at league football when Torquay United signed him on 16 August 1996.
However, hampered by a foot injury and 38-year-old Gary Nelson player-coach picking himself every week, Paul only played only once, as a second-half substitute for Rodney Jack in the 3–3 League Cup draw at home to Bristol City on 28 August, before being released and returning to non-league football. He initially returned to Bath City before joining Gloucester City, managed by Leroy Rosenior, in November 1996. Gloucester underwent many changes during the short period of time Adcock was at the club, mainly due to the serious financial difficulties the club was facing. Adcock subsequently joined Weymouth, originally on loan on 31 March 1998, and a Bosman free transfer in the 1998 close-season.
He stayed with the Terras until the summer of 2000. When his contract ran out. He had spent much of the previous season out with a hernia groin injury and was unhappy about being released without the chance to prove his fitness. He subsequently joined Saltash United, playing alongside another former Torquay player, Michael Preston. Likewise, he later played for Devon non-league side Tavistock while working and owning a scaffolding business, receiving the chairman's player of the year award for the 2003–2004 season, and was still with the club in the 2005–06 season, scoring three league goals.
References
1972 births
Living people
People from Ilminster
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Bath City F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Gloucester City A.F.C. players
Saltash United F.C. players
Tavistock A.F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Footballers from Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Adcock |
Knock Knock may refer to:
Knock-knock joke, a type of joke
Film and television
Knock Knock (1940 film), an animated short film noted for the first appearance of Woody Woodpecker
Knock Knock (2007 film), a horror film featuring Stephanie Finochio
Knock Knock (2015 film), an erotic horror film starring Keanu Reeves
Knock Knock Live, a 2015 reality TV series
"Knock, Knock", an episode of the animated TV series The Real Ghostbusters
"Knock, Knock", an episode of the TV series Six Feet Under
Knock Knock Woodpecker, a character on the TV series The Great Space Coaster
"Knock Knock" (Doctor Who), an episode from the tenth series of Doctor Who
"Knock, Knock" (Gotham), an episode from the second season of Gotham
Music
Albums
Knock Knock (DJ Koze album), 2018
Knock Knock (Smog album), 1999
Knock Knock, a mixtape by Misha B, 2013
Songs
"Knock Knock" (Monica song), 2003
"Knock Knock" (Twice song), 2017
"Knock Knock", by the Dazz Band, 1981
"Knock, Knock", by Dizzee Rascal from Showtime, 2004
"Knock, Knock", by GZA from Legend of the Liquid Sword, 2002
"Knock Knock", by the Hives from Veni Vidi Vicious, 2000
"Knock Knock", by Jasmine, 2010
"Knock Knock", by Mac Miller from K.I.D.S., 2010
"Knock, Knock", by Nikki Yanofsky from Little Secret, 2014
"Knock Knock", by SoFaygo, 2019
Other uses
Knock Knock (company), a California-based gift product and book publishing company
Knock Knock (play), a 1976 play by Jules Feiffer, originally directed on Broadway by Marshall W. Mason
Knock-Knock (video game), a 2013 video game by Ice-Pick Lodge
See also
Knock (disambiguation)
Knock Knock Who?, a 2004 album by Kimya Dawson
"Knock, Knock Who's There?", a 1970 song by Mary Hopkin
Knock, Knock, Ginger, a children's game
Knock Knock Knock, an EP by Hot Hot Heat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock%20Knock |
Isopogon, commonly known as conesticks, conebushes or coneflowers, is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, and are endemic to Australia. They are shrubs with rigid leaves, bisexual flowers in a dense spike or "cone" and the fruit is a small, hairy nut.
Description
Plants in the genus Isopogon are erect or prostrate shrubs with rigid, usually compound, rarely simple leaves. Compound leaves are deeply divided with flat or cylindrical lobes. The flowers are usually arranged on the ends of branches, usually surrounded by bracts, in a more or less conical or spherical spike. Each flower is bisexual and symmetrical, the tepals spreading as the flower develops, the lower part persisting until the fruit expands. The fruit are fused to form a woody cone-like to more or less spherical structure, each fruit a nut with bracts that eventually fall and release the fruit. Isopogon have 13 haploid chromosomes.
Taxonomy
The genus Isopogon was first formally described in 1809 by Joseph Knight in On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae, preempting publication of the same name by Robert Brown in his book On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae.
Species list
The following is a list of species, subspecies and varieties of Isopogon accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020:
Isopogon adenanthoides Meisn. (W.A.) - spider coneflower
Isopogon alcicornis Diels (W.A.) - elkhorn coneflower
Isopogon anemonifolius (Salisb.) Knight (N.S.W.) - broad-leaved drumsticks
Isopogon anethifolius (Salisb.) Knight (N.S.W.) - narrow-leaved drumsticks
Isopogon asper R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon attenuatus R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon axillaris R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon baxteri R.Br. (W.A.) - Stirling Range coneflower
Isopogon buxifolius R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon buxifolius R.Br. var. buxifolius
Isopogon buxifolius var. obovatus (R.Br.)Benth.
Isopogon ceratophyllus R.Br. (S.A., Vic., Tas.) - wild Irishman, horny cone bush
Isopogon crithmifolius F.Muell. (W.A.)
Isopogon cuneatus R.Br. (W.A.) - coneflower
Isopogon dawsonii F.Muell. ex R.T.Baker (N.S.W.) - Nepean cone bush
Isopogon divergens R.Br. (W.A.) - spreading coneflower
Isopogon drummondii Hügel ex Jacques (W.A.)
Isopogon dubius (R.Br.) Druce (W.A.) - pincushion coneflower
Isopogon fletcheri F.Muell. (N.S.W.) - Fletcher's drumsticks
Isopogon formosus R.Br. (W.A.) - rose coneflower
Isopogon formosus subsp. dasylepis (Meisn.) Foreman
Isopogon formosus R.Br. subsp. formosus Isopogon gardneri Foreman (W.A.)
Isopogon heterophyllus Meisn. (W.A.)
Isopogon inconspicuus (Meisn.) Foreman (W.A.)
Isopogon latifolius R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon linearis Meisn. (W.A.)
Isopogon longifolius R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon mnoraifolius McGill. (N.S.W.)
Isopogon panduratus Hislop & Rye (W.A.)
Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris Hislop & Rye
Isopogon panduratus Hislop & Rye subsp. panduratus Isopogon petiolaris R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W.)
Isopogon polycephalus R.Br. (W.A.) - clustered coneflower
Isopogon prostratus McGill. (N.S.W., Vic.) - prostrate cone-bush
Isopogon pruinosus Hislop & Rye (W.A.)
Isopogon pruinosus subsp. glabellus Hislop & Rye
Isopogon pruinosus Hislop & Rye subsp. pruinosus Isopogon robustus Foreman ex N.Gibson (W.A.)
Isopogon scabriusculus Meisn. (W.A.)
Isopogon scabriusculus subsp. pubifloris Foreman
Isopogon scabriusculus Meisn. subsp. scabriusculus Isopogon scabriusculus subsp. stenophyllus Foreman
Isopogon spathulatus R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon sphaerocephalus Lindl. (W.A.) - drumstick isopogon
Isopogon teretifolius R.Br. (W.A.) - nodding coneflower
Isopogon tridens (Meisn.) F.Muell. (W.A.) - three-toothed coneflower
Isopogon trilobus R.Br. (W.A.) - barrel coneflower
Isopogon uncinatus R.Br. (W.A.)
Isopogon villosus Meisn. (W.A.)
Two new species of Isopogon, I. autumnalis (10 December 2019) and I. nutans'' (5 May 2020) have been described but the names have not been accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020.
References
External links
Proteaceae genera
Proteales of Australia
Endemic flora of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopogon |
The murder of Ilan Halimi () was the kidnapping, torture, and murder of a young Frenchman of Moroccan Jewish ancestry in France in 2006. Halimi was kidnapped on 21 January 2006 by a group calling itself the Gang of Barbarians. The kidnappers, believing that all Jews are rich, repeatedly contacted the victim's modestly placed family demanding very large sums of money. Halimi was held captive and tortured for three weeks, and died of his injuries. The case drew national and international attention as an example of antisemitism in France.
Kidnapping
Halimi was a mobile phone salesman living in Paris with his divorced mother and his two sisters.
On 20 January 2006, one of the perpetrators, Sorour Arbabzadeh (known as Yalda or Emma), a 17-year-old girl of French-Iranian origin, went to the phone store in Paris where Halimi worked and struck up a conversation with him. She eventually asked for Halimi's number, which he gave to her, and left the store. The woman called him the next evening and told him to come to her apartment for a drink. He was lured to an apartment block in the Parisian banlieues where he was ambushed and held captive by the group upon arrival. No one saw or heard from Halimi until the next afternoon, when his sister received an email containing a picture that showed Halimi gagged and tied up to a chair with a gun to his head. In text, the abductors threatened his life and demanded 450,000 euros from his family, stating that they would kill him if they went to the police. Not having the money, though, Halimi's family had no other option than to contact the police.
The abductors, who called themselves the Gang of Barbarians, tortured him and sent phone and video messages to his family while they were in contact with the police. During the 24 days of abduction, the leader of the gang, Youssouf Fofana, managed to travel back and forth to his home country of Ivory Coast. At some point he was suspected of being related to the gang and was taken to the police station, but they were forced to release him due to a lack of proof of his connection to the group. The demand for ransom, initially elevated at 450,000 euros, diminished as the abductors got more anxious with the attention they were drawing from the police and media. Suspicious neighbours said they did not go to the police station out of fear while others said they did not want to intervene in a business that was not theirs.
After three weeks and no success in finding the captors, the family and the police stopped receiving messages from the captors. Halimi, severely tortured, more than 80% burned and unclothed, was dumped next to a road at Sainte-Geneviève-Des-Bois on 13 February 2006. He was found by a passer-by who immediately called for an ambulance. Halimi died from his injuries on his way to the hospital.
The decision by the police to keep certain matters secret was seen as counter-productive, and may have prevented a facial composite of Sorour Arbabzadeh ("Emma"), the girl who lured Halimi to the apartment. Investigation showed that more than twenty people, some of them teenagers, took part directly or indirectly in the kidnapping. Some of them later claimed they never knew his fate, and Arbabzadeh (who was seventeen at the time), later sent a letter to his family to say how sorry she was.
A woman, referred to as Audrey L., surrendered after the police had released a facial composite picture. She pointed to the Barbarians, a gang of (North) African immigrants who had perpetrated similar abductions in the past. In the subsequent days, French police arrested 15 people in connection with the crime. The leader of the gang, Youssouf Fofana (born 1980), who had been born in Paris to parents from Côte d'Ivoire, fled to his parents' homeland together with the woman used as bait. They were arrested on February 23 in Abidjan and extradited to France on March 4, 2006.
Ransom
The kidnappers originally thought Halimi was wealthy because he came from a Jewish family, although he came from the same poor and working-class neighborhood on the outskirts of Paris as the kidnappers did.
According to then Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy, members of the gang confessed that they believed all Jews to be rich and it motivated them to target several Jews.
The kidnappers demanded ransom, initially EUR 450,000, eventually decreasing to EUR 5,000. It has been claimed that the family of Halimi was told that if they could not raise the money, they should get it from the Jewish community.
In order to convince Halimi's parents their son had been kidnapped, the abductors sent a picture of the young man being threatened by a gun and holding a newspaper to prove the date and time.
Police investigation
The French police were heavily criticized because they initially believed that antisemitism was not a factor in the crime.
Police have attributed to the banlieues' gang subculture a "poisonous mentality that designates Jews as enemies along with other 'outsiders,'" such as Americans, mainstream French, and Europeans in general. "If they could have gotten their hands on a (non-Jewish) French cop in the same way, they probably would have done the same thing," a retired police chief opined. This may have hampered the original investigation. Antisemitism is an aggravating circumstance () in a murder case in France.
Ruth Halimi, Ilan's mother, subsequently co-authored a book with Émilie Frèche titled (24 days: the truth about the death of Ilan Halimi), released April 2009. In the book, Ruth claimed that French police never suspected her son's kidnappers would kill the 23-year-old after three weeks in captivity in 2006, partly because they would not face the antisemitic character of the crime (as reported in the French newspaper Le Figaro). Émilie Frèche stated that "by denying the anti-semitic character, ... [the police] did not figure out the profile of the gang." The book details how Ilan's parents were told to stay silent during the ordeal and were ordered not to seek aid in order to pay the ransom, nor show their son's photo to people who might have come forward with information about his whereabouts.
In an interview with Elle Magazine on March 27, 2009, Ruth Halimi stated that "The police were completely off the mark. They thought they were dealing with classic bandits, but these people were beyond the norm." Halimi stated that she wrote the book to "alert public opinion to the danger of anti-semitism which has returned in other forms, so that a story like this can never happen again".
Gang of Barbarians
The crime was committed by a group of persons belonging to a gang calling themselves . Many of them had criminal records and had been imprisoned. A total of 27 people were accused of involvement in the crime and were tried for kidnapping and murder in 2009. One person was acquitted and the rest were convicted. Gang leader Youssouf Fofana was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum of 22 years before the possibility of parole. The woman who had lured Halimi to his abduction was sentenced to nine years imprisonment. Two of his close associates, Jean-Christophe Soumbou and Samir Ait Abdel Malek, received 18 and 15-year prison terms respectively, and Malek's prison term was later increased to 18 years upon appeal. Six others convicted over their involvement received sentences ranging from 12 to 15 years imprisonment, and seven others received sentences ranging from 8 months to 11 years imprisonment. While Fofana chose not to appeal his sentence, 14 of the 27 verdicts were appealed by the prosecution. The convictions were upheld on appeal in December 2010. In 2017, a Paris court sentenced Fofana to an additional 10 years imprisonment for other extortions he had committed.
During the investigation it appeared that key members of the group were probably implicated in at least 15 other cases of kidnapping or racketeering. Posing as members of the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica or members of the French division of the PFLP, they threatened several high-ranking CEOs including Jérôme Clément, president of the European TV operator Arte, Rony Brauman, former president and co-founder of Médecins Sans Frontières, and the CEO as well as another high-ranking member of a large company selling home appliances. They sent threatening pictures of an unknown man dressed as a middle-eastern Arab in front of a picture of Osama bin Laden. In another case, the owner of a large grocery store was directed to pay 100,000 euros.
In total, 27 individuals were under investigation and were subsequently put on trial. Among these:
Youssouf Fofana (2 August 1980), the self-proclaimed Brain of the Barbarians. He was born in Paris to immigrants from Côte d'Ivoire and served time in prison for various crimes including armed robbery, car theft and resisting arrest. In an interview he denied killing Halimi, but showed no remorse for his actions.
Christophe Martin-Vallet, nicknamed Moko, a French man originally from Martinique, specializing in computers. He appears to have masterminded the kidnapping and to have been the lieutenant of Fofana.
He is suspected of other kidnappings and was responsible for the honeypot activities of the girls.
Jean-Christophe Soumbou, also known as Craps, Crim or Marc. Fellow inmate of Fofana. Imprisoned for car theft with violence. Supplied the car with which Halimi was transported. He is also suspected of other kidnappings.
Jean-Christophe Gavarin, usually known as JC or by his nickname Zigo, one of the individuals who tortured Halimi. He was a minor at the time of the crime. He had been expelled from school and had been involved with the law because of a theft and possession of cannabis. He has admitted to pushing a burning joint in the face of Halimi.
Samir Aït Abdelmalek, nicknamed Smiler, who was the owner of the apartment and is considered the right-hand man of Fofana (he had known Fofana for more than ten years). Had been convicted for possession of drugs and car theft. He also furnished the acid used to burn Halimi.
Jérémy Pastisson involved in a number of kidnapping cases, his car was used to transport Halimi.
Tiffenn Gouret, former girlfriend of Jean-Christophe Gavarin and friend of Arbabzadeh, supplied Fonfana with "bait". She is also suspected in other kidnappings.
Sorour Arbabzadeh nicknamed Yalda (also known as "Emma"), a seventeen-year-old French-Iranian girl who acted as appât (bait, honeypot) to entrap Halimi.
Sabrina Fontaine, was used as bait in other kidnapping cases.
Audrey Lorleach, nicknamed Léa or Natacha, young student who was used as bait. She turned herself in and served 9 months in prison.
Others who were implicated:
Gilles Serrurier (1967), nicknamed the concierge, was the caretaker of the apartment building to which Halimi was taken and who lent the gang the apartment and cellar in which they held and tortured Halimi.
Yahia Touré Kaba, nicknamed Yaks, one of the jailers (gaolers).
Fabrice Polygone, one of the jailers (gaolers).
Jérôme Ribeiro, known as Coup de Tête (headbutt). Although he had left the group, he was promised a lot of money. One of the jailers (gaolers).
Guiri Oussivo N'Gazi and Francis Oussivo N'Gazi, friends of Ribeiro who acted as one of the jailers (gaolers).
Nabil Moustafa, known as Bilna, pizza delivery man, one of the jailers (gaolers).
Cédric Birot Saint-Yves, known as Babas, friend of Nabil Moustafa, one of the jailers (gaolers).
Many others were implicated, but their direct connection to the crime could not be proven.
2009 trial
The trial, which started on 29 April 2009, was conducted behind closed doors because two of the suspects were minors.
The Halimi family wanted the trial to be conducted openly. Francis Szpiner spoke for Ruth Halimi, saying, "A public trial would have helped [people] better understand the criminal machine, to make parents and teenagers reflect. It's the law of silence that killed her son, it would be unbearable for the trial to remain silent."
The trial took 10 weeks.
Incidents during and around the trial
A number of videos with Fofana appeared on YouTube.
Fofana appeared in court wearing a white T-shirt, smiling, pointing to heaven and saying Allāhu Akbar. He claimed he had nothing to say and would be silent to the grave. When asked his name and date of birth he answered: Je m'appelle arabe, africaine révolte armée barbare salafiste. Je suis né le 13 février 2006 à Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois. (My name is arab, armed african rebellion salafist barbarian army and I was born on February 13, 2006 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois: the date and place Ilan Halimi was found).
Fofana threw a shoe at the empty benches and again when he was taken down, shouting All the Jews in the world are there [in the empty box], they are my enemies. This is an Arab attack with a booby-trapped shoe!
Fofana claimed in court that he had friends who would "take pictures to identify people." Francis Szpiner, lawyer for the Halimi family, believed that Fofana was alluding to the jurors, and was implying that he was going to put a price on their heads.
Verdict and sentencing
On the evening of Friday, 10 July 2009, the verdict was given. Ilan Halimi's mother and others were absent from the court, as the Sabbath had already started.
Of the 27 people on trial, 3 were acquitted.
A number of others, whose implication was not direct, or related to other activities of the gang, received smaller sentences. Three persons were acquitted. Notable is that one person, for whom originally no sentence was asked, received a suspended sentence.
After the trial
Sorour Arbabzadeh, the then-17-year-old French-Iranian woman who acted as bait to trap Halimi, was sentenced to 9 years imprisonment. While serving her sentence in the Versailles women's prison, she seduced a guard and the director of the prison, Florent Gonçalves, who is now imprisoned himself. For this she was sentenced to four months imprisonment.
2010 retrial
The sentences issued after the first trial were criticized as too lenient by some parties, while others such as the attorney general Philippe Bilger found the sentences "exemplary". Minister of Justice Michèle Alliot-Marie, demanded an appeal of 8 of the 17 heaviest verdicts.
Richard Prasquier, president of CRIF, France's main Jewish organization, said that a law may soon be available that would preclude closed-door trials in this type of case. "Perhaps in a year's time there will be a new trial, and perhaps it will be public."
A Halimi relative said: "The important thing for me is not handing out heavier jail terms, honestly. The important thing is to open this to the press and public and make it a learning experience."
The retrial was officially announced Monday 10 July 2009. It started on 25 October 2010, and ended on 17 December 2010, with all convictions upheld and some sentences extended.
Similar assault
On 22 February 2008, six members of a group calling themselves Barbarians assaulted 19-year-old Mathieu Roumi in the same Paris suburb of Bagneux where Halimi was kidnapped. For two hours the attackers tortured the young man. One shoved cigarette butts into his mouth, another took issue with Roumi's Jewish origin (paternal), grabbed correction fluid and scrawled sale juif ("dirty Jew") and sale PD ("dirty faggot") on his forehead. When the issue of his sexual orientation arose, one of them placed a condom on the tip of a stick and shoved it in Roumi's mouth. The six men proceeded to scream at him and threaten that he would die the way Halimi did. The men were all arrested.
Public interest and reaction
The case was widely reported on both in and outside France, and prompted strong reactions.
France
Then French prime minister, Dominique de Villepin declared that the "odious crime" was antisemitic, and that antisemitism is not acceptable in France.
Six French associations called for a mass demonstration against racism and antisemitism in Paris on Sunday, February 26. Between 33,000 (as estimated by police) and 80,000 to 200,000 (as estimated by the organizers) people participated in Paris, as well as thousands around the country. Present were public figures such as Philippe Douste-Blazy, François Hollande, Lionel Jospin and Nicolas Sarkozy. Also among the participants were Dalil Boubakeur, head of the Paris Mosque and Chairman of the Council of Muslims in France, and Cardinal Jean-Marie Lustiger. Right-wing politician Philippe de Villiers was booed by far-left militants and had to leave under police guard.
Outside France
On 9 May, the United States Helsinki Commission held a briefing titled "Tools for Combatting Anti-Semitism: Police Training and Holocaust Education" chaired by Commission Co-Chairman Chris Smith (a Republican representative) who said: "[Halimi's] tragedy made brutally clear that Jews are still attacked because they are Jews, and that our work to eradicate all forms of anti-Semitism in all its ugly forms and manifestations is far from done."
Aftermath
Burial
Ilan Halimi was initially buried in the Cimetière parisien de Pantin near Paris, and the funeral drew a large Jewish crowd. At the request of the family, his remains were reburied in Har HaMenuchot cemetery in Jerusalem, Israel on 9 February 2007. It was timed to allow his first Yartzeit, on Tu Bishvat, to pass before the reburial. The date and time (11:30 am) also marked "exactly one year after his burial in France according to the Jewish Calendar."
Memorials
A garden in the Jerusalem Forest was named after him. In May 2011, a garden in the 12th arrondissement of Paris where Halimi used to play as a child was renamed after him.
A tree commemorating Ilan Halimi was cut down in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois shortly before the anniversary of his death in 2019.
Legacy and analysis
The kidnapping brought many Jews to speak out against antisemitism and racism, but also stirred discussion about whether Jews could still feel safe in France or not. Emigration to Israel rose as a result.
In 2017 The Washington Post revisited Ilan Halimi's murder, describing it as similar to the murder of Sarah Halimi, because French authorities similarly refused to acknowledge the antisemitic nature of the murder or to investigate it as ethnically and ideologically motivated terrorism.
Books
A number of books have been written about the case. Among them:
24 jours: la vérité sur la mort d'Ilan Halimi; Ruth Halimi and Émily Frèche; Éditions du Seuil; April 2009; . This books was written by his mother, Ruth Halimi, about her experience of the events, together with Émilie Frèche. In late April 2014, a movie by French filmmaker Alexandre Arcady about this case was released. Entitled 24 Jours: La vérité sur l’affaire Ilan Halimi (24 Days: The Truth about the Ilan Halimi Case), it is based on the above-mentioned book.
Si c'est un Juif : Réflexions sur la mort d'Ilan Halimi ; Adrien Barrot; Editions Michalon; January 2007;
Ilan Halimi, le canari dans la mine : Comment en est-on arrivé là ?; Yaël König et al; Editions Yago; June 2009;
Des Barbares Dans la Cité. Reflexions Autour du Meurtre d'Ilan Halimi; David Mascré; Éditions de l'Infini; April 2009;
A novel, Tout, tout de suite written by Morgan Sportés was inspired by the events and published in 2011. A film version of the novel, starring Marc Ruchmann as Halimi was released in 2015.
See also
Antisemitism in 21st-century France
List of kidnappings
List of solved missing person cases
References
Media reports
In English
In French
Les événements heure par heure, timeline of events from Le Nouvel Observateur, February 24, 2006
Itinéraires d'une bande meurtrière, Libération, February 22, 2006
2000s missing person cases
2006 murders in France
2000s murders in Paris
February 2006 events in France
Antisemitic murders in 21st-century France
Antisemitism in France
Deaths by person in Paris
Formerly missing people
Kidnapped French people
Kidnappings in France
Male murder victims
Missing person cases in France
Torture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Ilan%20Halimi |
No. 84 Squadron was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) fighter squadron of World War II. It was established in February 1943 and was part of the defences of the Torres Strait area from April 1943 until May the next year. After being withdrawn from the Torres Strait the squadron was reduced to a cadre until May 1945, when it began to receive new aircraft. No. 84 Squadron was disbanded in January 1946.
History
No. 84 Squadron was formed at RAAF Station Richmond, New South Wales, on 5 February 1943. It was selected as the first operational squadron to be equipped with Australian-designed CAC Boomerang fighters in March, but did not take delivery of any of these aircraft at the time. During late March the squadron moved to Horn Island in the Torres Strait via Cairns; its main party arrived on 1 April and the rear party disembarked on 1 May. No. 84 Squadron's first ten Boomerangs arrived at Horn Island on 4 April, and the squadron was declared operational that day. More Boomerangs arrived on 15 April, and by 1 May the squadron had a strength of 20 Boomerangs, 23 officers and 275 other ranks.
In early 1943 the Allied leadership believed that Japanese forces could attack the Torres Strait area, and No. 84 Squadron's role was to provide air defence of the region. It initially operated alongside the Bristol Beaufort-equipped No. 7 Squadron, which conducted anti-submarine patrols to protect Allied shipping. From late April the squadron came under the command of No. 72 Wing, which was headquartered in the strategically located town of Merauke on the south coast of Dutch New Guinea. From early May, No. 84 Squadron regularly conducted patrols of the Merauke area, and it maintained a standing patrol over the town from the 8th of the month. However, due to the short range of the Boomerangs they could only remain over Merauke for an hour at a time. No. 84 Squadron first saw combat on 16 May, when a patrol of two Boomerangs intercepted three Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bombers near Merauke. The guns of one of the fighters jammed, and the other did not score any hits during the brief engagement, which ended when the bombers escaped into clouds.
In late June an airfield was completed at Merauke, and the Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk fighter-equipped No. 86 Squadron was based there from 2 July. No. 84 Squadron also established a detachment at the airfield. On 30 August, the main body of the squadron unsuccessfully attempted to intercept a force of Japanese aircraft operating near Horn Island. On 9 September, four No. 84 Squadron Boomerangs and 14 No. 86 Squadron Kittyhawks were scrambled from Merauke to intercept an incoming force of Japanese aircraft which were flying at . The Kittyhawks made contact with the raiders before they reached Merauke and shot down two Japanese fighters without loss. The Japanese bombers destroyed a No. 84 Squadron Boomerang on the ground, and the four aircraft that had taken off were unable to make contact with the enemy. The Boomerang destroyed on 9 September was No. 84 Squadron's only combat loss of the war.
By September 1943 the RAAF had concluded that Boomerangs were not suited to the interceptor role, and it was decided to re-equip No. 84 Squadron with Kittyhawks. The squadron received these aircraft during September, making it the first of the RAAF's Boomerang-equipped units to be issued replacement aircraft. In October, No. 84 Squadron became part of the newly formed No. 75 Wing, which was responsible for all the RAAF units stationed in the Torres Strait islands and at Higgins Field near the tip of the Cape York Peninsula. The official history of the RAAF in this period states that while the units stationed at Merauke and Horn Island saw little action during 1943, they "fulfilled a very useful purpose" by protecting the flank of the Allied forces in New Guinea. On 11 March 1944, No. 84 Squadron made an emergency redeployment to Strauss Airfield near Darwin to replace the Supermarine Spitfires of No. 1 Wing, which had been sent to Perth to protect the city from a feared Japanese naval attack. No attack eventuated, and No. 84 Squadron returned to Horn Island on 24 March.
By mid-1944 the Kittyhawk-equipped No. 78 Wing was heavily engaged in supporting the American advance along the north coast of New Guinea and another Kittyhawk wing, No. 81, was in the process of preparing to deploy to this area. To reinforce these two wings, RAAF headquarters decided to disband Nos. 84 and 86 Squadrons. No. 84 Squadron was directed to move to Aitkenvale Aerodrome near Townsville, and its advance and main parties left Horn Island on 17 May and arrived at Aitkenvale four days later. On 12 June, before the squadron was fully disbanded but after all its aircraft had been transferred, the unit was advised that it was to remain active as a cadre with approximately 30 airmen. Two days later it was decided to re-raise No. 84 Squadron as an active unit. It moved to Macrossan Airfield, which was also near Townsville, on 22 June and began to receive new Kittyhawks on 25 August. On 17 November, No. 84 Squadron moved to Ross River, also in the Townsville area, and received more personal and aircraft from No. 86 Squadron, the recently disbanded No. 3 Repair and Servicing Unit and First Tactical Air Force depots.
On 21 May 1945, No. 84 Squadron began to be re-equipped with CAC Mustang fighters, and it was fully equipped with the type by 29 July. However, the war ended before the squadron had completed conversion training and it did not use them in combat. Between 30 August and 7 September, No. 84 Squadron pilots ferried six Mustangs to Labuan island off Borneo for service with the First Tactical Air Force. The squadron's flying activity decreased during 1945, and the unit was disbanded at Ross River on 29 January 1946.
References
Citations
Works consulted
84
84
84
84 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%2084%20Squadron%20RAAF |
Klaus Mitffoch is a successful 1984 album by the Polish rock band Klaus Mitffoch. The album contains principally elements of British new wave as well as Gang of Four-inspired post punk. It received several awards and it is considered to be one of the most important albums in the history of Polish rock.
Track listing
"Śpij aniele mój" (Sleep, my angel)
"O głowie" (About head)
"Wiązanka pieśni bojowych" (A mix of battle songs)
"Nie jestem z nikim" (I'm not with nobody)
"Klus Mitroh"
"Wiązanka cz. IV" (A mix, part 4)
"Jestem tu, jestem tam" (I'm here, I'm there)
"Muł pancerny" (Panzer mule)
"Powinność kurdupelka" (Manlet's duty)
"Strzelby" (Shotguns)
"Nad ranem śmierć się śmieje" (Death laughs in the morning)
"Tutaj wesoło" (Funny here)
"Ewolucja, rewolucja i ja" (Evolution, revolution and me)
"Dla twojej głowy komfort" (Comfort for your head)
"Siedzi" (Sitting)
"Strzeż się tych miejsc" (Beware of these places)
CD bonus tracks
"Ogniowe strzelby" (Fiery shotguns)
"Śmielej" (Bravely)
"Jezu, jak się cieszę" (Jesus, I'm so glad)
Personnel
Klaus Mittfoch
Lech Janerka – Vocal, Bass, Lyrics
Wiesław Mrozik – Guitar
Krzysztof Pociecha – Guitar
Marek Puchała – Drum kit
Guest Musicians
Wojciech Konikiewicz – keyboards
Technical
Włodzimierz Kowalczyk – engineering
Tadeusz Czechak – assistant engineer
Artur Gołacki – cover
Bożena Janerka - lyrics
References
1984 albums
Klaus Mitffoch albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Mitffoch%20%28album%29 |
Qango were a short-lived progressive rock band, a spin-off from Asia. In 1999, an attempt was made at a partial reunion of the progressive rock supergroup Asia involving John Wetton (bass, vocals), Carl Palmer (drums) and Geoff Downes (keys), with Dave Kilminster to be on guitar. However, Downes withdrew from plans, choosing to stick with John Payne in their Asia line-up. Wetton and Palmer instead formed Qango with Kilminster and John Young on keys (who had briefly replaced Downes in Asia in 1989). The band's live set was based on songs by Asia and Palmer's former band Emerson, Lake & Palmer.
The band did not attract the same commercial interest as an Asia reunion. Two shows were planned for November 1999, but were cancelled as Wetton required a wrist operation. Instead, the band played five UK dates in February 2000 (including a London show on 4 February when Keith Emerson jammed with the band) and six in April 2000. Subsequent touring plans and ideas to record a studio album were abandoned, with Wetton and Palmer soon returning to their solo activities.
Live in the Hood
The band's second show (3 February 2000) was recorded for a live release, Live in the Hood, the band's only official output with one track "The Last One Home" being their only original.
Tracks on Live in the Hood
"Time Again" (Geoff Downes/Steve Howe/John Wetton/Carl Palmer) - Asia
"Sole Survivor" (Downes/Wetton) - Asia
"Bitches Crystal" (Greg Lake/Keith Emerson) - ELP
"Dave Kilminster Solo" (Dave Kilminster)
"All Along the Watchtower" (Bob Dylan)
"The Last One Home" (John Wetton/John Young)
"John Young Solo" (John Young)
"Hoedown" (Aaron Copland) - ELP
"Fanfare for the Common Man" (Aaron Copland) - ELP
"Heat of the Moment" (Downes/Wetton) - Asia
Personnel
John Wetton- bass guitar, lead vocals
Dave Kilminster- guitars, backing vocals
John Young- keyboards, backing vocals
Carl Palmer- drums
References
External links
Details of Qango's UK Tour
English progressive rock groups
Rock music supergroups
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups disestablished in 2000
Spin-offs
1999 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qango%20%28band%29 |
ABQ BioPark Zoo, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, is a facility of the Albuquerque Biological Park. Founded in 1927, the zoo was originally known as the Rio Grande Zoo. Sections of the zoo include an Africa exhibit area, an Australia exhibit area, the "Cat Walk" and herpetology area. An endangered species carousel was added in 2016. A narrow-gauge railroad connects the zoo to the other facilities of the Albuquerque Biological Park. Walking distance through the zoo is .
The Albuquerque Biological Park is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
Exhibits
Flamingo Crossing
A moated island located at the beginning of the zoo that holds the zoo's flock of Caribbean flamingos. The island is lush with bamboo vegetation.
Reptile House
The reptile house was remodeled in 2012. With the renovations the building houses mostly reptiles. The exhibit houses many species of snakes, tortoises and lizards. There are two large areas where the zoo's Komodo dragons are held. In a building located near the Reptile House the zoo's temporary home for a large adult saltwater crocodile and for slender-snouted crocodiles. On the outside of the Reptile House is the new Gator Swamp Exhibit, which is a large outdoor heated pool housing several adult American alligators. The reptile house received more renovations in 2017 to improve digital interpretive signage and interactive displays.
Five Texas horned lizards, born in August 2019 at the Zoo, are now on exhibit in the reptile building. The zoo has been breeding the species since 2017. The Texas horned lizard has disappeared from about half of its historic range due to habitat loss, human eradication of the ant populations that these lizards eat and displacement of native ant populations by invasive fire ants. To date, the zoo has successfully released about 70 young into the wild in Socorro County, New Mexico.
Alligator snapping turtle
American alligator
Asian water monitor
Black mamba
Blue iguana
Chinese alligator
Forest cobra
Gray-banded kingsnake
Green anaconda
Green tree python
King cobra
Komodo dragon
Mangshan pit viper
Mexican garter snake
Ornate box turtle
Plumed basilisk
Quince monitor
Saltwater crocodile
Tentacled snake
Texas horned lizard
West African slender-snouted crocodile
Raptor Roost
Several large aviaries house Andean condors, golden eagles, great horned owls and Steller's sea eagles.
Mexican Wolf Exhibit
This exhibit holds the zoo's pack of Mexican wolves, the most endangered species of wolf in the United States. In June 2020, Mexican gray wolves Kawi and Ryder welcomed seven pups, this is the pair's second litter. The litter consists of five boys and two girls.
Inukshuk Bay
This large exhibit offers many views of the zoo's polar bears. One can see them through underwater viewing windows or walk to the top of the exhibit and watch the bears lounge, feed, and slide down the waterfall.
Catwalk
Grottos in this exhibit hold the zoo's big cats among other animals. Due to a renovating modernization of the Catwalk, African lion siblings, Kenya and Dixie, were permanently transferred to the Abilene Zoo in March 2023.
African lion (exhibit currently in renovation)
Binturong
Bobcat
Jaguar
Malayan tiger
Meerkat
Mountain lion
Ocelot
Red kangaroo
Serval
Snow leopard
Amphibians: Life on a Limb
With the renovation of the Reptile House in 2012, the zoo opened up Amphibians: Life on a Limb, replacing the original Gator Swamp, where the zoo used to hold its juvenile alligators. The building houses several species of frog as well as other amphibians. The zoo also houses the only captive population of locust coquis, critically endangered frogs from Puerto Rico.
African bullfrog
Amazon milk frog
Axolotl
Barred tiger salamander
Sonoran Desert toad
Dyeing poison dart frog
Green and black poison dart frog
Panamanian golden frog
Asia
This exhibit contains several elephant yards and two barns for the zoo's Asian elephant herd. The exhibit now holds six Asian elephants in its herd, two males and four females. Rozana, also called Rozie, was born in the Rio Grande Zoo on November 8, 1992. On Sept. 2, 2009, Rozie gave birth to female elephant Daizy. Rozie gave birth to her second calf, Jazmine, on October 2, 2013. The virus, elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus claimed Daizy's life on May 9, 2015. Rosie gave birth to her third calf, Thorn, in 2018.
Australia/Koala Creek
In September 2018, the zoo started making major progress in an expansion of the area with several different plans being put in motion. The zoo closed its seal pool, and the area will be repurposed in the expansion. New animals to be included in the expansion are dingos, little penguins, wallabies, and the return of koalas to the zoo. The Zoo will have and updated exhibits for most of its current animals and be a new home for the zoo's saltwater crocodile.
Common wombat
Koala
Matschie's tree kangaroo
Tasmanian devil
Africa
Six acres of land holding 17 separate exhibits and 23 species of mammals and birds..
African wild dog
Black-and-white ruffed lemur
Cape vulture
Capybara
Chimpanzee
Common warthog
Hartmann's mountain zebra
Hippopotamus
Klipspringer
Lappet-faced vulture
Marabou stork
Reticulated giraffe
Saddle-billed stork
Southeast African cheetah
Southern white rhinoceros
Spotted hyena
Wattled crane
Ape Walk
This trail houses the zoo's apes, including siamangs, Sumatran orangutans and western lowland gorillas.
Birds of the Americas
Five species of birds from North and South America are mixed in this aviary: burrowing owls, Gambel's quails, greater roadrunners, hyacinth macaws and sun conures.
Penguin Chill
In July 2019, the highly anticipated penguin chill exhibit opened. The multi-million dollar exhibit was funded through a city tax bond. The exhibit features gentoo penguins, macaroni penguins, and king penguins, and is the first of its kind in the Southwest. The building includes a main tank, above-ground and underwater guest viewing areas, a large interactive educational area and an outdoor deck overlooking the Zoo's main park. The outdoor deck also includes restrooms and a snack bar as well. The exhibit begins with a themed main viewing deck will with a panoramic view to visitors. The main pool depths varying from allows for plenty of space for penguin activity including special public feedings with keepers, swimming and enrichment. There is a glass floor area allows guests to see penguins swimming beneath their feet as your travel through the exhibit. The exhibit includes a natural day/night and seasonal lighting cycles help regulate the penguins' hormonal balancing and breeding. The Zoo had early hopes for baby penguins with two macaroni penguin eggs being discovered in 2020, however both eggs were discovered to be infertile.
Birds of the Islands
Opened in 2020, the zoo opened the Birds of the Islands exhibit on the location of the former parrot habitat. This exhibit is part of the Zoo's Americas Trail. Adjacent to the aviaries is an exhibit for Aldabra giant tortoises.
Australian king parrot
Bali myna
Cuban amazon
Major Mitchell's cockatoo
Nicobar pigeon
Princess parrot
Rainbow lorikeet
Red lory
Socorro dove
Superb starling
Sulphur-crested cockatoo
Wrinkled hornbill
Gallery
See also
Albuquerque Biological Park
Notes
External links
Zoos in New Mexico
Tourist attractions in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Parks in Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Zoos established in 1927
1927 establishments in New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABQ%20BioPark%20Zoo |
Kensington Road is a main road in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide, linking the Adelaide city centre to its eastern suburbs.
Route
Its western end, on the edge of the Adelaide city centre, starts at the Britannia Roundabout on the City Ring Route. Kensington Road continues east through Adelaide's eastern suburbs of Leabrook and Erindale, before the road dead-ends at the foot of the western Adelaide Hills in Wattle Park.
History
Kensington Road has also been subject to controversial development by the Shahin family for their OTR headquarters, with over five attempts of approval despite community opposition.
Major intersections
References
City of Burnside
Roads in Adelaide | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington%20Road%2C%20Adelaide |
The ABQ BioPark Aquarium, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States is a facility of the Albuquerque Biological Park and is located next door to the ABQ BioPark Botanic Garden. The ABQ BioPark Aquarium exhibits Gulf of Mexico and South Pacific saltwater species from a variety of habitats, including surf zone, shallow waters, coral reefs, open ocean and deep ocean. The highlight of the aquarium is a shark tank with a -wide, -high, -thick acrylic viewing window. The South Pacific Gallery features seahorses, pipefishes, and colorfully patterned reef fish. The Rio Grande at Central Bridge exhibit in the aquarium lobby offers visitors an opportunity to compare the kinds of fish that lived in the Albuquerque reach of the Rio Grande 100 years ago and those found today. The Shark/Ray Encounter allows guests to have a guided, up-close experience with bamboo sharks and stingrays.
The Albuquerque Biological Park is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
Exhibits
The ABQ BioPark Aquarium was built as a themed aquarium, with visitors starting at a fountain that depicts the headwaters of the Rio Grande and ending at a saltwater tank which holds species from the open ocean of the Gulf of Mexico.
After entering the museum, visitors first view freshwater tanks that display fish from the Rio Grande, both currently found and those no longer found in the river today. Adjacent is a small movie theater displaying informational films on aquatic life.
Following this is a Gulf of Mexico Coast Gallery, which contains several exhibits depicting the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, with fish and bird species from this region as well as stingrays, and a Texas Terrapin exhibit, and a retired shrimp fishing boat.
In July 2018, the aquarium expanded with the addition of a large North American River Otter exhibit. facility houses 3 otters, females Chaos and Mayhem and a male Dixon. The exhibit is multilayered with an upper-level with land, hiding areas, and plenty of dirt and vegetation with view of the large pool. The large pool includes an underwater viewing tank. Around the viewing tank are smaller tanks that include local fish such as blue gill and catfish, terrariums with local amphibians like leopard frogs and bullfrogs, and invertebrates such as crayfish.
A replica of a coral reef displaying such fish as parrotfish, angelfish, grunts, porcupinefish, and triggerfish comes next; followed by a coral reef tunnel exhibiting several types of fish species found in the South Pacific. The next exhibit is a series of small tanks exhibiting "oddities" such as clownfish, seahorses, pipefish, jellyfish, hagfish, cuttlefish, and nautilus. On occasion, there will also be a touch pool tank open that contains stingrays and bamboo shark pups.
In 2020, the aquarium added a new exhibit for frog fish. The coral exhibit also went over a large expansion, transforming the small 200-gallon tank into a 1,500-gallon one. The aquarium is home to 50 coral species.
The final exhibit, a saltwater tank with a viewing window, displays six shark species (sandtiger sharks, sandbar sharks, blacktip sharks, nurse sharks, zebra sharks and tasselled wobbegongs), tarpon, barracudas, stingrays, large schooling fish, moray eels and three species of sea turtles (loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and hawksbill). Every day divers enter the tank to do daily chores like feeding and cleaning.
A restaurant and a gift shop are also located in the building.
Conservation
The ABQ BioPark Aquarium currently runs a facility that focuses in the conservation of fishes found in the Rio Grande. The project includes the Rio Grande silvery minnow breeding program and the Socorro isopod. In January 2008, three blacktip shark pups were born at the Albuquerque Aquarium, making it the first birth of this species of shark ever recorded in captivity. The births were caught on video, which is available for viewing.
The stated mission of the aquarium is to educate the public about the world oceans and the animals that live within. Events are held year round and include monthly sleepovers, a "Shark Week", camps for children during the summer and spring, and celebrations for World Oceans Day, and Earth Day.
Future Exhibits
An updated aquarium entrance is in the new master plans for the aquarium. A recent bond was passed to help bring in a North American Otter exhibit towards the existing Pelican pond. Other new plans include updated local fish exhibits.
Former Exhibits/ Residents
A model boat exhibition hall was found in the Aquarium. It has closed and will serve as a location needed for the Otter Exhibit.
The Current Terrapin Exhibit housed baby american alligators before terrapins, and fished before alligators.
The current Fish of the South Pacific walk through tunnel formerly housed Moray eels along with other eel species.
Notes
External links
Tourist attractions in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Aquaria in New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABQ%20BioPark%20Aquarium |
No 85 Squadron was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) fighter squadron which provided air defence to Western Australia during World War II. It was formed in 1943 and disbanded in 1945. The squadron did not see combat during the war, although it attempted to intercept Japanese aircraft on several occasions in 1943, without success.
History
No. 85 Squadron was formed at RAAF Station Guildford near Perth on 12 February 1943. It was initially equipped with six obsolete Brewster Buffalo fighters as no better aircraft were available. On 30 April, the squadron received 11 more modern and Australian-designed Boomerangs which were operated alongside the Buffalos. Following the arrival of its Boomerangs, No. 85 Squadron began intensive flight training. During the first month of operations nine Boomerangs were involved in accidents and one of the squadron's pilots was killed. In addition to its air defence responsibilities, the squadron was also tasked with refueling and maintaining civilian aircraft which passed through Perth as the city did not have a civil airport at the time.
On 30 April 1943, the same day as it received its Boomerangs, No. 85 Squadron established a detachment of six of these aircraft at the 'Potshot' air base at Exmouth Gulf to protect the United States Navy submarine support facilities there. This detachment replaced No. 76 Squadron, which was deployed to New Guinea. On the night of 20 May two Boomerangs attempted to intercept two Japanese bombers, but did not make contact; the Japanese aircraft dropped their bombs into Exmouth Gulf. The next night two Boomerangs were scrambled to intercept three Japanese aircraft which had overflown the airstrip; while one of the Australian pilots believed that he sighted the exhaust flames of a Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bomber, he was unable to intercept it as his aircraft ran low on fuel. Another attempt to intercept hostile aircraft in July was also unsuccessful, and the squadron did not see combat during the war. On 30 September 1943 No. 85 Squadron was ordered to make an emergency deployment to Derby in anticipation of a Japanese incursion into the Indian Ocean. Four Boomerangs arrived there on 1 October and another nine arrived the next day. The Japanese vessels did not enter the Indian Ocean, and this deployment came to an end on 13 October when the aircraft returned to 'Potshot'.
In January 1944 No. 85 Squadron's last Buffalos were retired. The squadron made another emergency deployment to Derby in February, and 18 Boomerangs operated from the town's airstrip from 17 to 26 February when they returned to Guildford. Further deployments to Derby were made between 6 April and 13 April, 14 April to 1 May and on 12 May. During its periods at Derby, the squadron's aircraft were used to protect a seaplane base which was periodically established at Yampi Sound to support RAAF and United States Navy minelaying attacks on Balikpapan in Borneo.
No. 85 Squadron began to be re-equipped with Spitfire Mark V aircraft in September 1944. Exercises were undertaken with other air units in Western Australia, and the squadron's last Boomerangs left the unit on 12 January 1945. While all of the RAAF's other Spitfire-equipped fighter squadrons were reequipped with the superior Mark VIII Spitfires during 1944 and 1945, No. 85 Squadron retained its Mark Vs until it was disbanded. On 11 May the squadron was ordered to move to RAAF Station Pearce, and this transfer was completed five days later. On 7 July No. 85 Squadron escorted the aircraft carrying the remains of Prime Minister John Curtin to Perth from Canberra following his death. Following the end of the war the squadron conducted a formation flight over Perth as part of the city's victory pageant and continued training flights until 20 September when all flying officially ceased. No. 85 Squadron was disbanded on 29 November.
Notes
References
85
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
Western Australia during World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%2085%20Squadron%20RAAF |
Commersonia is a genus of twenty-five species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. Plants in this genus are shrubs or trees, occurring from Indochina to Australia and have stems, leaves and flowers covered with star-like hairs. The leaves are simple, often with irregularly-toothed edges, the flowers bisexual with five sepals, five petals and five stamens and the fruit a capsule with five valves. The genus underwent a revision in 2011 and some species were separated from Commersonia, others were added from Rulingia.
Taxonomy
The genus Coommersonia was first formally described in 1775 by Johann Reinhold Forster and his son Georg Forster in the book Characteres generum plantarum and the first species they described was Commersonia echinata, now known as Commersonia bartramia.
A revision of the genus in 2011 added 3 newly described species, as well as 14 species previously included in Rulingia, and transferred a number of species to the newly created genus Androcalva.
The genus is named after Philibert Commerson (1727–73), a French naturalist who sailed with the Bougainville expedition in 1766 and died on Mauritius.
Species list
The following is a list of species of Commersonia accepted by Plants of the World Online as at December 2020:
Commersonia amystia C.F.Wilkins & L.M.Copel. (New South Wales)
Commersonia apella C.F.Wilkins (Western Australia) – many-flowered commersonia
Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr. (Southeast Asia, eastern Australia) – brown kurrajong
Commersonia borealis (E.Pritz.) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock (Western Australia)
Commersonia breviseta C.F.Wilkins & L.M.Copel. (eastern Australia)
Commersonia corniculata (Sm.) K.A.Sheph. & C.F.Wilkins (Western Australia)
Commersonia corylifolia (Graham) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock (Western Australia) – hazel-leaved rulingia
Commersonia craurophylla (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (Western Australia) – brittle leaved rulingia
Commersonia dasyphylla Andrews (eastern Australia) – kerrawang
Commersonia densiflora (Turcz.) F.Muell. (Western Australia)
Commersonia erythrogyna C.F.Wilkins (Western Australia) – Trigwell's rulingia
Commersonia gilva C.F.Wilkins (Western Australia) – golden commersonia
Commersonia grandiflora (Endl.) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock (Western Australia)
Commersonia hermanniifolia J.Gay ex Kunth (New South Wales) – wrinkled kerrawang
Commersonia macrostipulata Guymer (Queensland)
Commersonia madagascariensis (Baker) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock (Madagascar)
Commersonia magniflora (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (Northern Territory, South Australia)
Commersonia novoguinensis (Gilli) Guymer (New Guinea)
Commersonia obliqua Guymer (Vanuatu)
Commersonia parviflora (Endl.) F.Muell. (Western Australia) – small flowered rulingia
Commersonia prostrata (Maiden & Betche) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock (New South Wales, Victoria) – dwarf kerrawang
Commersonia rotundifolia (Turcz.) F.Muell. (Western Australia) – round-leaved rulingia
Commersonia rugosa (Steetz) F.Muell. (New South Wales, Victoria)
Commersonia salviifolia (Hook. ex Steetz) F.Muell. (Queensland, New South Wales)
Commersonia tahitensis (Dorr) C.F.Wilkins & Whitlock (Society Islands)
References
Malvaceae genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commersonia |
The Liberales Institut (Liberal Institute, Institut Libéral, Istituto Liberale) is a Swiss classical liberal think tank, founded in Zürich in 1979. It publishes mainly in German, French and Italian, and accessorily in English.
Since 1 January 2008 it has been led by the economist and author Pierre Bessard, the current chairman of its board of trustees is the attorney-at-law Daniel Eisele.
Personnel
Pierre Bessard, President
Christian Hoffmann, head of research
Daniel Eisele, Chairman
Christoph Frei, Vice-Chairman
Victoria Curzon-Price, Trustee
Robert Nef, Trustee
Daniel Model, Trustee
Sandro Piffaretti, Trustee
Peter Ruch, Trustee
External links
1979 establishments in Switzerland
Think tanks established in 1979
Think tanks based in Switzerland
Classical liberalism
Political and economic think tanks based in Europe
Libertarian think tanks
Libertarianism in Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberales%20Institut |
DISC assessments are behavioral self-assessment tools based on psychologist William Moulton Marston's DISC emotional and behavioral theory, first published in 1928. These assessments aim to predict job performance by categorizing individuals into four personality traits: dominance, inducement, submission, and compliance.
However, the scientific validity of DISC has been a subject of debate, with some considering it to be a pseudoscience. Critics question its reliability and accuracy in predicting job performance. The theory proposes four central traits to describe personality, but its scientific basis remains contested.
Types
The first self-assessment based on Marston's DISC theory was created in 1956 by Walter Clarke, an industrial psychologist. In 1956, Clarke created the Activity Vector Analysis, a checklist of adjectives on which he asked people to indicate descriptions that were accurate about themselves. This self-assessment was intended to aid businesses in choosing qualified employees. John Geier then developed DiSC (lower case 'i' intentional).
Merenda, Peter F., and Clarke published their findings on a new instrument in the January 1965 issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology. However, instead of using a checklist, the "Self Description" test asks respondents to make a choice between two or more terms. "Self Description" was used by John Geier to create the Personal Profile System in the 1970s.
Uses
The self-assessment tools are designed for use in personnel management in businesses. A DISC assessment helps to identify workstyle preferences, determines how someone would interact with others, and provides insight on work habits.
DISC has been used to help determine a course of action when dealing with problems as a leadership team by taking the various aspects of each DISC type into account when solving problems or assigning jobs.
Psychometric properties
The DISC assessments have demonstrated no ability to predict job performance as the validity is low. The assessment has high reliability, meaning that an individual will consistently get the same result over time.
Reliability
A Russian pilot study found a coefficient of .89 for retesting after one week.
A research paper in the Scandinavian Psychological Association also found high levels of internal consistency in a normative DISC assessment.
Validity
Psychologist Wendell Williams has criticized the use of DISC in the employee recruitment process. In his criticism, Williams argues that a good job performance test should be well constructed, have test-retest reliability, have Criterion Validity for criteria of job performance, and incorporate the theory of job performance in the test's design.
A 2013 German study studied the validity and reliability of a DISC assessment, Persolog, to see if it was up to standards for the TBS-DTk the test assessment system of the Diagnostics and Test Board of the Federation of German Psychological Associations.
The study found that it "largely" met the requirements in terms of reliability but not at all in terms of validity.
Theory
The DISC theory describes personality through four central traits:
Dominance: active use of force to overcome resistance in the environment
Inducement: use of charm in order to deal with obstacles
Submission: warm and voluntary acceptance of the need to fulfill a request
Compliance: fearful adjustment to a superior force.
Marston described the DISC characteristics in his 1928 book Emotions of Normal People, which he generated from emotions and behavior of people in the general population. According to Marston, people illustrate their emotions using four behavior types: Dominance, inducement, submission, and compliance.
He argued that these behavioral types came from people's sense of self and their interaction with the environment. He based the four types on two underlying dimensions that influenced people's emotional behavior. The first dimension is whether a person views their environment as favorable or unfavorable. The second dimension is whether a person perceives themselves as having control or lack of control over their environment.
References
Personality tests
1965 introductions
Pseudoscience
Personality typologies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DISC%20assessment |
Pete Gilbert (born 1 March 1948) is a British painter and graphic designer. Gilbert has become well known for his moving non-representational, contemporary abstract art.
Painting
Gilbert works mainly in oils on both landscapes and abstract compositions, sometimes using gold or silver leaf. Gilbert's view is that the disparate styles of his paintings reflect who and where he is. The New Forest, Gilbert's home, is a major inspiration: 'I would be a fool not to use the ever-changing colours that the seasons bring. Sunlight through the trees, early morning mists across the river, a bluebell wood right on my doorstep, how could I NOT paint this?'.
Gilbert was one of 50 artists over the age of 50 selected for the "50over50" exhibition at University of Brighton in 2006 and was the winner of the 2006 ArtCare Open exhibition.
Permanent exhibitions
Gilbert's paintings and drawings can be found in numerous private collections, including:
The de Sigley collection
The Burtwell-Clark collection
The Jervis Reed collection
References
1948 births
Living people
20th-century British painters
British male painters
21st-century British painters
British graphic designers
20th-century British male artists
21st-century British male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Gilbert |
North East Fijian Urban Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate was non-contiguous, covering the northern towns of Labasa and Savusavu.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20East%20Urban%20%28Fijian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Party pills, also known as "herbal highs", "pep pills" "dance pills" and "natural power", is a colloquialism for a type of recreational drug whose main ingredient was originally benzylpiperazine (BZP), but has expanded to a wide range of compounds with a variety of effects. BZP is banned in a few countries, including the USA, Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, but is available on a more or less restricted basis in many jurisdictions. A range of other piperazine derivatives have also been sold as ingredients in party pills, and many of these branded "proprietary blends" have subsequently been sold in countries around the world.
Piperazine derivatives sold in this way include BZP, TFMPP, MeOPP, pFPP and several others. mCPP has rarely been sold as a party pill ingredient due to its tendency to cause migraine headaches. These piperazines are usually mixed with other ingredients such as caffeine, 5-HTP, Oxedrine (which has close effects to ephedrine), Camelia sinensis and a range of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and binders to make party pills.
In countries such as New Zealand where BZP and related piperazines have been made illegal, there is now increasing commercial interest in piperazine-free "party pills" which are purported to produce similar effects with ingredients that will circumvent the ban. Common active ingredients (among many others) include caffeine, theobromine, other stimulant alkaloids, octopamine, blue lotus extract (Nymphaea caerulea), natural sources of the LSD precursor and weak psychedelic agent lysergic acid amide (illegal in many countries), passionflower (sedative which contains monoamine oxidase inhibitors), Citrus aurantium (contains small amounts of the stimulant synephrine), glaucine (plant derived compound usually used as cough medicine), and geranamine (alkylamine compound found in geranium oil).
News and legality
Party pills and their legal status are often in the news. Matt Bowden, one of the original distributors of such pills was interviewed when issues involving party pills arose in the media. A clinical trial by ClubStargate for a pill named Ease was suspended because it contained methylone, which was claimed by the Ministry of Health to fall under New Zealand controlled drug analogue laws (although this was never proven in court).
New Zealand has classified BZP-based party pills as a "Restricted Substance" by the Misuse of Drugs Act and restricted to those over 18 years. For more on the legal issues posed by party pills, see benzylpiperazine.
In late June 2007, BZP was classed as a Class C drug in New Zealand and its availability was banned by a law passed on 13 March 2008, with a six-month amnesty period. It was not long before BZP-free alternatives appeared. Despite this, the ingredients used in the new products lacked the potency of the BZP based pills. This subsequently led to a decline in the popularity of party pills.
See also
Benzylpiperazine
Methylhexanamine
TFMPP
MeOPP
pFPP
Ecstasy (drug)
Drug abuse
Recreational drug use
Designer drug
Spice (drug)
Club drug
References
Drug culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party%20pills |
Richard Virgil Grace (October 1, 1898 – June 25, 1965), known as Dick Grace, was an American stunt pilot who specialized in crashing planes for films. Films that he appeared in include Sky Bride, The Lost Squadron, Lilac Time, and the first Best Picture Oscar winner Wings.
He served in both world wars, bombing Germany, as a B-17 Flying Fortress co-pilot with the 486th Bombardment Group. After the Second World War, he operated a charter business in South America. He was married to Crystine Francis Malstrom, a stage actress who appeared in Abie's Irish Rose. He was the author of several books, including Squadron of Death, Crash Pilot, I Am Still Alive, and Visibility Unlimited.
Grace sustained a serious neck injury when he fell out of the cockpit during the filming of Wings. But he made a full recovery and was one of the few stunt pilots of his day who died of natural causes.
Filmography
as actor
as writer
as stunt pilot
References
External links
Article by Dick Grace from Modern Mechanics Magazine
1898 births
1965 deaths
United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I
American stunt performers
Stunt pilots
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Grace |
The Navy Office () was a higher command within the German Navy, founded in 1965 and disestablished in 2012. Its original responsibility was training, education and armaments planning for the German Navy. It was situated at Wilhelmshaven until it was relocated to Rostock after German reunification in 1990. In 2001 it was merged with the former Navy Support Command, expanding its responsibilities to include naval logistics.
The Marineamt was commanded by a Rear Admiral directly subordinate to the Chief of the Naval Staff in the Ministry of Defence. It was the superior command for all naval schools and bases as well as of some research and development institutions.
In 2012, the Marineamt was combined with the Naval Staff in the Ministry of Defence in Bonn and Fleet Command in Glücksburg to form Navy Command (Marinekommando), located in Rostock.
See also
List of naval ships of Germany
References
German Navy
1965 establishments in West Germany
2012 disestablishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy%20Office%20%28Germany%29 |
Test Valley Arts Foundation (TVAF) is an independent grant giving charity established in 1991 by Michael Colvin MP with help from TESCO and Test Valley Borough Council. Since its inception TVAF has distributed some £75,000 in grants, awards, bursaries and underwriting to individual artists and arts organisations throughout the Test Valley.
In addition to helping groups and organisations, the foundation seeks to encourage and assist the development of talented individuals resident in the borough of Test Valley.
External links
Official web site
Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom
Test Valley
Arts organizations established in 1991
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20Valley%20Arts%20Foundation |
This page lists Dáil constituencies that have been used for elections to Dáil Éireann from the 1918 election to the next general election.
Overview of legislation and seat distribution
In the case of the First Dáil, the constituencies were created for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom; in the case of the Second Dáil, they were created for the Northern Ireland House of Commons and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. Although only Sinn Féin members took their seats as TDs in the revolutionary period of Dáil Éireann, MPs from other parties were invited; on this basis, all constituencies used in 1918 and 1921 are included in this list of Dáil constituencies. From the Fourth Dáil on, they were adjusted by Irish legislation.
Alterations to constituencies take effect on the dissolution of the Dáil sitting when a revision is made; therefore, any by-elections take place according to the constituency boundaries in place at the previous election.
List of constituencies
Notes
Constituencies which include all or part of two or more counties are attributed to the first county mentioned in the constituency name or (if none) the predominant county.
Constituency names are based upon those used in the Oireachtas database of former members, except that borough division names in 1918 and 1977 are not placed in brackets. These names are sometimes not identical to those used in electoral legislation, i.e. compass points always follow the county or borough name in the database.
In Irish legislation up to 1961, constituencies in the cities of Cork and Dublin (then known as county boroughs) were designated as borough constituencies. The official designation of borough and county constituencies under Irish electoral law ended in 1969. In UK legislation, relevant for the constituencies of the First and Second Dáil, it was also used to designate Belfast, Limerick, Londonderry and Waterford in 1918, and Belfast in 1921.
See also
Irish House of Commons for constituencies in the Irish House of Commons between 1297 and 1801.
List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies in Ireland and Northern Ireland for constituencies in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
List of Irish constituencies for a combined list of all Irish constituencies.
References
Sources
External links
Houses of the Oireachtas – TDs & Senators
History of Ireland (1801–1923)
Dail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic%20D%C3%A1il%20constituencies |
A Bulgarian umbrella is an umbrella with a hidden pneumatic mechanism which injects a small poisonous pellet containing ricin. It has a hollowed stalk in which the pellet neatly sits.
Recorded usage
Such an umbrella was used in and named for the assassination of the Bulgarian dissident writer Georgi Markov on 7 September 1978 (the birthday of the Bulgarian State Council chairman Todor Zhivkov, who had often been the target of Georgi Markov's criticism) on Waterloo Bridge in London. Markov died four days later.
It was also allegedly used in the failed assassination attempt against the Bulgarian dissident journalist Vladimir Kostov the same year in the Paris Métro. The poison used in both cases was ricin. Both assassination attempts are believed to have been organized by the Bulgarian Secret Service of the time of the Cold War with the assistance of the KGB.
Such an umbrella was intended to be used in the assassination of Pallo Jordan and Ronnie Kasrils by the South African Civil Cooperation Bureau death squad.
Cultural influence
These two cases inspired:
The episode "Hot Ice" of Quincy, M.E. (1978)
The Markov case was referenced directly, and a similar assassination method used, in the 1979 novel The Green Ripper by John D. MacDonald.
The French film Le Coup du parapluie (The Umbrella Coup) directed by Gérard Oury and starring Pierre Richard (1980)
The episode "At All Costs" of The Sandbaggers (1980)
Two episodes of the British political comedy series Yes, Minister / Yes, Prime Minister, where in "The Death List" (1981) the titular Minister Jim Hacker is told of various risks by methods of assassination, and in "A Diplomatic Incident" (1987) a Bulgarian Umbrella is suggested as a way to kill a French puppy that was intended as gift to the Queen, to prevent a diplomatic incident caused by quarantine regulations
Bulgarian writer Stefan Kisyov's novel The Executioner (2003)
The episode "Seven Thirty-Seven" of the American crime drama Breaking Bad (2009), which features a plan by protagonists Walter White and Jesse Pinkman to kill a drug lord with ricin. During the introduction of the substance, White highlights the assassination of Markov as a successful case of ricin poisoning.
The episode "I, Murdoch" of Murdoch Mysteries (2009)
The episode "Obsession" of NCIS (2010)
The episode Marionette of Fringe (2010)
The episode "The Clock" of The Americans (2013)
The 2022 Steven Soderbergh thriller Kimi features a public injection of an unknown sedative using the tip of an umbrella.
The 96th episode "A x Lawless x Home" of Hunter x Hunter (2011) features a character Feitan whose umbrella could shoot a projectile.
See also
Francesco Gullino, alleged Bulgarian umbrella murderer
MythBusters "Exploding Toilet" – the feasibility of this type of assassination was confirmed in the first episode of MythBusters.
Further reading
The Bulgarian Umbrella: The Soviet Direction and Operations of the Bulgarian Secret Service in Europe by Vladimir Kostov, Harvester Press (1988)
The Global Investigative Journalism Casebook ed by Mark Hunter for UNESCO (2012)
A Spy's London by Roy Berkeley and Rupert Allason, Pen & Sword Books (1994)
Communication in Eastern Europe: The Role of History, Culture, and Media in Contemporary Conflicts ed by Fred L. Casimir, pub by Lawrence Erlbaum (1995)
References
Projectile weapons
Weapons of the Cold War
Umbrellas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian%20umbrella |
Halla University is a private Korean University created in 1995 and located in Wonju.
External links
Official web site
Educational institutions established in 1995
Universities and colleges in Gangwon Province, South Korea
Education in Wonju
1995 establishments in South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halla%20University |
Wish You Were Here is the seventh studio album by rock band Badfinger and their third consecutive album produced by Chris Thomas. It was recorded in the spring of 1974 at Colorado's Caribou Ranch and released in November of that year on Warner Bros. Records. Wish You Were Here was the second and last album the band released on the Warner Bros. label.
History
Although the album received a favourable review in Rolling Stone magazine and is sometimes considered to be the band's best work, it was withdrawn from record stores in early 1975, seven weeks after release, because of a lawsuit between Warner music publishing and Badfinger's management. The album's abbreviated manufacturing run and short tenure on the market has made the original LP relatively rare.
Before being recalled, Wish You Were Here had time enough to chart, peaking at number 148 in the United States. In the 1990s it was re-released in CD format in Japan and Germany only. The album was issued on CD in the US in 2007. Many of the tracks have appeared on Badfinger compilation albums.
Classic Rock critic Rob Hughes considered two songs from Wish You Were Here, "Meanwhile Back At The Ranch / Should I Smoke?" and "Dennis", among Badfinger's top 10 songs. Hughes said of "Dennis" "This stately pop-rock beauty, from Badfinger’s most underrated album, remains one of Pete Ham’s very finest pieces, from its elegant intro to its extended fadeout" and said that it is "essentially a warning about the potholes of life" and "an affirmative love song that offers parental guidance."
After completing Wish You Were Here, Pete Ham left Badfinger; he was replaced by keyboardist/guitarist Bob Jackson. However, after Warner indicated that it would drop the band if Ham quit, he agreed to return, and Badfinger completed a tour as a five-piece group. Following this tour, Joey Molland resigned from the band.
The next Badfinger release was the Molland–Evans reunion album Airwaves in 1979. Ham, Evans, Gibbins and Jackson recorded an album titled Head First in December 1974 before Pete Ham hanged himself in April 1975. The latter album was the band's seventh and last with the original Ham–Evans–Gibbins nucleus that dated back to the late 1960s, when the group was known as the Iveys. Head First was not released until 2000, however, because of further lawsuits between Warner Bros. and Badfinger's management.
Real Gone Music released an "Expanded" version of the album 30 November 2018. A further expanded edition comprising 40 tracks including those from Badfinger was released 3 January 2020 with the title Shine On 1974.
Cover
The cover for this album features the members dressed in sailor outfits, the members that appear (from left to right) are Pete Ham, Tom Evans, Joey Molland, and Mike Gibbins.
Track listing
Side one
"Just a Chance" (Pete Ham) – 2:58
"You're So Fine" (Mike Gibbins) – 3:03
"Got to Get Out of Here" (Joey Molland) – 3:31
"Know One Knows" (Ham) – 3:17
"Dennis" (Ham) – 5:15
Side two
"In the Meantime/Some Other Time" (Gibbins, Molland) – 6:46
"Love Time" (Molland) – 2:20
"King of the Load (T)" (Tom Evans) – 3:32
"Meanwhile Back at the Ranch/Should I Smoke" (Ham, Molland) – 5:18
2018 "Expanded" Real Gone Music version
"Just a Chance"
"You're So Fine"
"Got to Get Out of Here"
"Know One Knows"
"Dennis"
"In the Meantime/Some Other Time"
"Love Time"
"King of the Load (T)"
"Meanwhile Back at the Ranch/Should I Smoke"
"Queen of Darkness" (Evans) (unreleased song mixed 2018)
"Just a Chance" (alternate mix 2018)
"You're So Fine" (alternate mix 2018)
"Got to Get Out of Here" (alternate mix 2018)
"Know One Knows" (alternate mix 2018)
"Dennis" (alternate mix 2018)
"In the Meantime / Some Other Time" (alternate mix 2018)
"Love Time" (alternate mix 2018)
"Meanwhile Back at the Ranch / Should I Smoke" (alternate mix 2018)
Personnel
Pete Ham – vocals, guitar, keyboards
Joey Molland – vocals, guitar
Mike Gibbins – drums, keyboards, lead vocals on "In the Meantime"
Tom Evans – vocals, bass
Additional contributors
Average White Horns – horns on "Just a Chance" and "Should I Smoke"
Mika Kato – Japanese spoken words on "Know One Knows" (uncredited)
Charts
References
Badfinger albums
1974 albums
Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)
Warner Records albums
Albums recorded at AIR Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wish%20You%20Were%20Here%20%28Badfinger%20album%29 |
Las Cruces International Airport is a city-owned, public airport nine miles west of the central business district of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. It is in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–23 which categorized it as a regional general aviation facility.
LRU is a landing rights airport and is on a mesa overlooking the Mesilla Valley. The airport was the base for Zia Airlines from 1972 to 1980.
The airport is used by general aviation, the United States government, New Mexico State University, private charters and the local CAP squadron. National Guard's C Company, 3rd Battalion, 140th Aviation Regiment, operates and houses four UH-72 Lakota helicopters at the Las Cruces International Airport. Additionally, as of 2023, passenger air service has returned in a limited capacity after an 18-year absence, for which the field also retains a terminal.
Facilities and aircraft
Las Cruces International Airport covers 2,193 acres (887 ha) at an elevation of 4,457 feet (1,358 m) above mean sea level. It has three runways: 4/22 is 7,501 by 106 feet (2,286 x 32 m) asphalt; 8/26 is 6,069 by 100 feet (1,850 x 30 m) asphalt; 12/30 is 7,506 by 100 feet (2,288 x 30 m) concrete.
In the year ending December 31, 2017 the airport had 79,880 total aircraft operations, an average of 219 per day: 67.4% military, 28.2% general aviation, and 4.5% air taxi. 136 aircraft were then based at this airport: 72% single-engine, 9.6% multi-engine, 2.2% jet, 2.2% helicopter, 2.9% glider, 8.1% ultralight, and 2.9% military.
The airport has two fixed-base operators (FBOs), Southwest Aviation and Francis Aviation. Southwest Aviation provides flight instruction services, aircraft fuel, and facilities to handle corporate aircraft and private charters. Francis Aviation provides aircraft fuel, charters, and facilities to handle corporate aircraft and private charters. Frost Aviation Services also operates at the airport providing flight training services.
Historical airline service
Las Cruces has been served by twelve commercial airlines since the late 1940s:
Pioneer Air Lines began the first service in 1948 with Las Cruces being a stop on a route between Amarillo and El Paso, Texas. The carrier used Douglas DC-3 aircraft and other stops were made at Clovis and Roswell, New Mexico. Service ended in 1950.
Continental Airlines served Las Cruces between 1950 and 1954 as a stop along a route between Denver and El Paso. The carrier used Douglas DC-3 aircraft and many other stops were made in Colorado and New Mexico.
Frontier Airlines served Las Cruces between 1950 and 1953 as a stop along a route between Phoenix and El Paso. Many other stops were made in Arizona and New Mexico and this carrier also used Douglas DC-3 aircraft.
Bison Airlines served Las Cruces in 1963 and 1964 with flights to Albuquerque and El Paso. The carrier used Aero Commander and De Havilland Dove aircraft.
Aztec Airlines provided service from Las Cruces to El Paso and Silver City, New Mexico in 1966 and 1967 using Piper Aztec aircraft.
Zia Airlines was based in Las Cruces and provided flights to Albuquerque and Santa Fe from 1974 through 1980. Flights were occasionally operated to El Paso, Alamogordo and Silver City as well. The carrier used Cessna 402 and Handley Page Jetstream aircraft.
Stahmann Farms of Las Cruces operated airline service in 1980 with flights to Albuquerque and Santa Fe using Cessna 402 aircraft.
Airways of New Mexico provided service to El Paso for a short time in 1981 then to Albuquerque from 1981 through 1985 using Cessna 402 and Piper Navajo aircraft. Some Albuquerque flights would stop in Alamogordo.
JetAire served Las Cruces in 1985 with flights to Albuquerque using a Handley Page Jetstream aircraft.
Mesa Airlines provided the longest running air service to Las Cruces from 1985 through 2001 with flights to Albuquerque using Beechcraft C99 and Beechcraft 1900 aircraft. Some flights would stop in Alamogordo.
Westward Airways served Las Cruces in 2004 and 2005 with flights to Albuquerque and Phoenix using Pilatus PC-12 aircraft.
Advanced Air is the most recent airline to serve Las Cruces after an 18 year hiatus on passenger air services out of the airport. Flights to Albuquerque began on January 16, 2023 using Beechcraft 350 Super King Air turboprop aircraft. Further destinations also being explored as possibilities by the city.
Additionally, charter flights regularly serve the airport, mainly transporting university athletic teams. Large Airbus A320 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft operated by Allegiant Air and Sun Country Airlines often land at the Las Cruces International Airport. On December 27, 2022, three Sun Country Boeing 737-800's were on the ground at Las Cruces simultaneously when returning from Detroit, Michigan after the New Mexico State Aggies football team played in the Quick Lane Bowl game.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
References
External links
Aerial image as of October 1996 from USGS The National Map
Airports in New Mexico
Transportation in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Las Cruces, New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20Cruces%20International%20Airport |
Walter Hilton, Can. Reg. (c. 1340/1345 – 24 March 1396) was an English Augustinian mystic, whose works gained influence in 15th-century England and Wales. He has been canonized by the Church of England and by the Episcopal Church in the United States.
Life
Walter Hilton was born about 1340–1345. Writing centuries later, an early 16th-century Carthusian, James Grenehalgh of Lancashire, referred to Hilton as a mystic coming "from the same region".
There is presumptive evidence that Hilton attended the University of Cambridge, some time between about 1360 and 1382. Walter de Hilton, Bachelor of Civil Law, clerk of Lincoln Diocese, was granted the reservation of a canonry and prebend of Abergwili, Carmarthen, in January 1371. In January 1371 Hilton was a bachelor of law attached to the diocesan court of Ely. Some manuscripts describe Hilton as a or , i.e. one who had completed the studies and examinations for a mastership of canon law, but had not undertaken the regency that would give him the title.
In the early 1380s, Hilton turned away from the world and became a solitary, as he tells in his earliest extant work, a Latin letter De Imagine Peccati (On the Image of Sin). Not long after (perhaps in 1384), Hilton states in a Latin epistle of spiritual counsel, De Utilitate et Prerogativis Religionis (On the Usefulness and Prerogatives of Religion, also known as Epistola aurea), addressed to his friend Adam Horsley, a former officer of the Exchequer, who was about to enter the Carthusian Order, that he is himself open to the idea of joining a religious community but still uncertain of his vocation. Since Horsley entered the Beauvale Charterhouse in 1386, it seems likely that Hilton also joined a community around that date: 1386 is often suggested as his date of entry into Thurgarton Priory, Nottinghamshire, as an Augustinian Canon Regular.
Between 1386 and 1390, Hilton was probably the author of Epistola de Leccione, Intencione, Oracione, Meditacione et Allis (Letter on Reading, Intention, Prayer and Meditation), of a brief treatise in English Of Angels' Song, which criticizes an aspect of Richard Rolle's spirituality, and of The Epistle on the Mixed Life, which instructs a devout layman about wealth and household responsibility, advising him not to give up his active life to become a contemplative, but to mix the two. Strong echoes between the Mixed Life and the first of the two books of Hilton's major work, The Scale of Perfection suggest they were probably written about the same time, in the late 1380s. Hilton may also have translated The Prickynge of Love (Stimulus Amoris), an expansion of a book originally by the 13th-century Franciscan James of Milan, which by then was passing under the name of Bonaventure), although this remains a matter of dispute.
In his final years from about 1390 to about 1396, Hilton probably wrote his Latin letter Epistola ad Quemdam Seculo Renunciare Volentem (To Someone Wanting to Renounce the World) and a brief piece on scruples entitled Firmissime crede. He also produced an English version of Eight Chapters on Perfection, which translates a now lost Latin work by the Franciscan Lluis de Font (or Luis de Fontibus), an Aragonese Franciscan who had a regency in theology at Cambridge in either 1391–1393 or 1393–1394. Also in that period, Hilton produced the second book of The Scale of Perfection. According to manuscript tradition, Hilton died on 24 March 1396 as an Augustinian Canon Regular at Thurgarton Priory. However, the manuscript concerned was written much later than the history it reports and contains several historical mistakes.
Works
The first book of The Scale of Perfection (the title is editorial, appearing only on half the manuscripts of Book One) is addressed to a woman recently enclosed as an anchoress, offering her appropriate spiritual exercises. Most of its 93 chapters deal with extirpation of the "foul image of sin" in the soul – perversion of the image of the Trinity in the three spiritual powers of Mind, Reason and Will (reflecting the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, after a tradition drawn from St Augustine) – through a series of meditations on the seven deadly sins. The second book, which addresses itself to Hilton's former reader, who he says has further questions, seems from its style and content rather to address a larger, perhaps more sophisticated audience. Its main theme is reformation of the soul, in faith alone and in both faith and feeling. The latter is presented in an extended metaphor as a spiritual journey to Jerusalem, which is "contemplation in perfect love of God". The first book of the Scale was apparently written some time before the second and circulated separately.
The Mixed Life occasionally appears with the Scale in 15th-century manuscripts and was printed by De Worde in 1494 as a third book of the Scale, possibly at the desire of Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of King Henry VII. It occurs in only half the surviving copies of that printing, but all later printings of the Scale included it.
Hilton wrote three other Latin letters of spiritual guidance – the Epistola de Leccione, Intencione, Oracione, Meditacione et Allis, the Epistola ad Quemdam Seculo Renunciare Volentem and Firmissime crede – and a scholastic quodlibet defending images in churches, a practice criticised by Lollards. He also wrote commentaries on the Psalm texts Qui Habitat and Bonum Est (Psalms 90.1 and 91.2), and perhaps on the Canticle Benedictus (Luke 1.68).
Later influence
Hilton's mystical system is, in the main, a simplification of that of Richard of Saint Victor. His spiritual writings were influential in 15th-century England. They were applied extensively shortly after his death in the Speculum spiritualium. The most famous was the Scale of Perfection, which survives in some 62 manuscripts, including 14 of a Latin translation (the Liber de nobilitate anime) made about 1400 by Hilton's contemporary at Cambridge and Ely, the Carmelite friar Thomas Fishlake (or Fyslake). This translation became the first work written originally in English to circulate on the European continent. The Scale and Mixed Life were printed by Wynkyn de Worde in Westminster in 1494 at the request of Lady Margaret, and five more times before the English Reformation of the 1530s.
With the revival of the Roman Catholic Church in England in the 19th century, a modernised version of a 1659 edition was issued by Fr J. B. Dalgairns in 1870. Evelyn Underhill published an edition of the Scale in 1923.
Veneration
While never canonized by the Catholic Church, Hilton was honoured with a commemoration in the Church of England on 24 March and in the American Episcopal Church on 9 November, along with Richard Rolle and Margery Kempe.
Modern editions
Walter Hilton: The Scale of Perfection, ed. Thomas H. Bestul, TEAMS Middle English Texts Series, (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2000). The only modern edition of the original Middle English text
The Scale of Perfection, ed. Halcyon Backhouse, (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1992). A translation based on Underhill's 1923 text
Walter Hilton, The Scale of Perfection, translated by John P. H. Clark and Rosemary Dorward, (New York: Paulist Press, 1991). The most recent modern translation
Walter Hilton's Latin Writings, ed. J. P. H. Clark and C. Taylor, (Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 1987)
Walter Hilton's Mixed Life: edited from Lambeth Palace MS 472, ed. S. J. Ogilvie-Thomson, (Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 1986)
The Prickynge of Love, ed. Harold Kane. 2 vols., (Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 1983). Middle English edition of The Goad of Love
Two Minor Works of Walter Hilton, ed. Fumio Kuriyagawa and Toshiyuki Takamiya, (Tokyo: T. Takamiya, 1980). Editions of Of Angels' Song and Eight Chapters on Perfection
The Scale of Perfection, abridged and presented by Illtyd Trethowan, (London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1975). A translation based on Underhill's 1923 text
The Ladder of Perfection, translated and introduced by Leo Sherley-Price, (Penguin Classics, 1957). A translation based on Underhill's 1923 text
An Exposition of "Qui habitat" and "Bonum est" in English, ed. Björn Wallner, (Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup, 1954)
The Goad of Love: An Unpublished Translation [by] Walter Hilton, of the Stimulus Amoris formerly attributed to St. Bonaventura, edited and translated by Clare Kirchberger, (London: Faber and Faber, 1952). A work previously attributed to Hilton
The Scale of Perfection, ed. Evelyn Underhill, (London: J. M. Watkins, 1923)
C. Horstman, ed., Yorkshire Writers: Richard Rolle of Hampole, an English Father of the Church and His Followers, 2 vols, (London: S. Sonnenschein & Co.), 1895–1896. Includes editions of Hilton's Of Angels' Song (1:175–82) and On the Mixed Life (1:264–92)
References
Sources
Further reading
Margarethe Hopf, Der Weg zur christlichen Vollkommenheit. Eine Studie zu Walter Hilton auf dem Hintergrund der romanischen Mystik, Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009. Forschungen zur Kirchen- und Dogmengeschichte, 95
Bernard McGinn, The Varieties of Vernacular Mysticism, New York: Herder & Herder, 2012
External links
The Ladder of Perfection
Walter Hilton & his Ladder of Perfection – Essay on Hilton's spirituality; treatment of his pastoral approach and contribution to English theological approaches; links to his works available online.
Introduction to the Bestul edition of the Scale: TEAMS Middle English Texts Series, University of Rochester, Rossell Hope Robbins Library
Scale I text in the original Middle English: TEAMS ME Texts Series
Scale II text in the original Middle English: TEAMS ME Text Series
1340 births
1396 deaths
14th-century Christian mystics
14th-century Christian texts
14th-century writers in Latin
14th-century English Roman Catholic priests
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Augustinian canons
English religious writers
English Catholic mystics
English non-fiction writers
Christian monastic literature
People from Nottinghamshire
Pre-Reformation Anglican saints
English theologians
14th-century English writers
Anglican saints | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Hilton |
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