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Vasyl Kyrylovych Avramenko (; sometimes transcribed as Vasile) (March 22, 1895 – May 6, 1981) was a Ukrainian actor, dancer, choreographer, balletmaster, director, and film producer, credited with spreading Ukrainian folk dance across the world. Colourful, energetic, imaginative, and, quite often exasperating, he was an impresario greatly reminiscent of The Music Man. For his unparalleled missionary zeal and his love of Ukrainian culture, he is considered by many to be the "Father of Ukrainian Dance".
Early days
Vasyl Avramenko was born on March 22, 1895, in Stebliv, a townlet located on the Ros' river approximately 100 km south of Kyiv. Orphaned at a young age, he was forced to wander homeless as an adolescent, until he eventually headed east, crossing the vast expanse of Imperial Russia towards Siberia, and reunited with his older brothers in Vladivostok, on the coast of the Sea of Japan. There, Vasyl's eldest brother taught him how to read and write, which enabled Vasyl to gain employment at the naval base. This position allowed Avramenko to visit several major Asian ports as a crewman aboard Russian naval vessels; such worldly exposure encouraged in him a greater love of learning, and he returned to study with his brother whenever possible, eventually earning the qualifications to become a primary school teacher. It was during this time that Vasyl Avramenko saw a production of Ivan Kotlyarevsky's operetta Natalka Poltavka in Vladivostok in 1912, which Avramenko later recounted as having been the first experience of viewing his fellow Ukrainians on stage.
After passing his teacher's exams at Vladivostok men's gymnasium in 1915, the Russian Empire having already entered World War I, Avramenko was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army and assigned to the 4th Heavy Artillery Regiment. After two months' basic training, he was reassigned to the Irkutsk military school for ensigns, then onto the 35th Siberian Infantry Regiment in Tyumen which advanced from Irkutsk to Bryansk and to the Russian front. Here he was wounded and hospitalized, first in Minsk, then Petrograd, where he visited some of its theaters and became active in a troupe of military actors led by Yasha Vavrak who grasped that Avramenko had a flair for the stage.
Formative years
In Kyiv, in the summer of 1917, Avramenko attended three of Vasyl Verkhovynets' rare and irregularly scheduled lectures on Ukrainian folk dance, its choreography and stage performance, including theory and practical demonstrations.
Verkhovynets' theories of Ukrainian dance, which he based on his theatrical training and his extensive research of the village dances of Central Ukraine, would inspire Avramenko to live the life of an artist. During this time, Avramenko took copious notes compiling a vocabulary of Ukrainian dances and dance steps, which he would later develop into his life's work. In his book, Ukrainian National Dances, Music, and Costumes, Avramenko acknowledged the work of Verkhovynets' and the Ukrainian theater in preserving and elevating the legacy of dance in Ukraine.
By spring of 1919, Avramenko was for a short time in Stanyslaviv, a member of Yosyf Standnyk's theatre before joining Mykola Sadovsky's troupe. During this time, he was able to apply some of the lessons he had learned in the Lysenko Music and Drama School in Kyiv. In the fight between the Bolshevik and White Russian Armies, Avramenko served in the Central Telegraph Administration of the Ukrainian People's Republic. When UNR forces retreated west in 1919–20, he remained in Soviet occupied territory and worked with Ukrainian itinerant troupes of actors that continued to tour the region. He was arrested at this time and interned in Kalisz.
In February 1921, Avramenko established a school of Ukrainian folk dancing in the Kalisz camp, the first of more than 100 schools over the next 20 years across Europe and North America. He impressed on his pupils that Ukrainian folk dancing could be an art form.
He began with 100 students (everyone from the guards to small children), teaching them the basic steps of Ukrainian dance, eventually teaching whole dances, and finally putting on a celebrated performance May 24.
In the fall of that year he met Oleksandr Koshyts. Koshyts remarked: "I was invited to attend a ballet performance by Avramenko's school. The ballet was marvellous: it was simply impossible to believe that such an exacting and artistic work could be created out of our dance!"
Avramenko soon became so successful and popular that he set out on tour with a group of his students through Polish-ruled western Ukraine, often presenting demonstrations and workshops in the towns he visited, encouraging others to perform his dances and pass them on to still others. The tour passed through Lviv several times between 1922 and 1924, while also visiting Rivne, Lutsk, Kremenets, Oleksandriia, Mezhirich, Chełm, Brest-Litovsk, Stryi, Stanyslaviv, Kolomyia, Przemyśl, Deliatyn, Ternopil, and Drohobych.
North America
December 1925, Avramenko arrived in Canada in Halifax, as a man with a mission; it being his determination to tour North America with dancers, singers, and instrumentalists to bring attention to the Ukrainian people and their fight for independence.
Eighty-five percent of Ukrainians in Canada at the time lived on the prairies. Avramenko decided to stay in Toronto, and opened his first dance school in North America in St. Mary's Roman Catholic hall, today the Factory Theatre building. For fees from five to thirty dollars, he offered a set of lessons for pre-schoolers to grown-ups. The school inculcated its pupils with Ukrainian pride and identity. His troupe first performed, the year after his arrival, at the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) August 30 through September 11 to grandstands filled with up to twenty-five thousand spectators. When the dancers gave a special performance at the women's pavilion, Florence Randal Livesay spoke glowingly about Ukrainian folk dancing. Avaramenko's name now became coupled with that of Koshyts in the Ukrainian-Canadian press. Articles about him appeared in every major Ukrainian-Canadian newspaper, as well as the English ones.
Avramenko arrived in Winnipeg in January 1927. His troupe gave their first performance at the Canadian-Ukrainian Institute Prosvita hall at the corner of Pritchard and Arlington in Winnipeg's North-End. This publicized his arrival, and he opened a school shortly thereafter. By April 30, Avramenko and 275 of his pupils performed at Winnipeg's amphitheatre, a venue usually reserved for hockey and politics.
Avramenko and his disciples began to set up schools quickly across the prairies, in Saskatoon, Yorkton, and Edmonton. Their base of support was a strong Ukrainian-Canadian community. For example, some 20 Ukrainian public school teachers attended his Edmonton classes, and Avramenko gave them instructions on how to teach dance when they returned to their schools. Avramenko traveled from town to town, teaching the same dances. When he was finished teaching in a town, he would assign a leader to continue teaching to the residents. One of these leaders was Chester Kuc, who founded the Ukrainian Shumka Dancers in 1959, and Cheremosh Ukrainian Dance Company in 1969.
On June 16, 1928, Avramenko married one of his star dance pupils, Pauline Garbolinsky, from Winnipeg, and soon the couple was living in New York City. With a network of dance schools across Canada, Avramenko now turned his sites to the United States. Lacking business acumen, he had debts in excess of three thousand dollars upon leaving Canada.
New York at this time was a creative center for drama, song, and dance. Eugene O'Neill was having his plays produced. George Gershwin was writing musicals here. Martha Graham had just opened a school of contemporary dance. Vasile and Pauline Avramenko lived in rented rooms on 8th Avenue in Brooklyn. Avramenko set up his school in Little Ukraine in Manhattan, Greenwich Village to the west of it, and the Lower East Side with a Ukrainian enclave to the east. Able to dispense with live music with the arrival of the phonograph and vinyl records, it became easier for him in the 1930s to offer these lessons. Within a few months he had over 500 pupils attending.
Paying dance instructors over widely dispersed areas across Canada and the United States, as well as for rental spaces for his schools, perpetuated his financial woes. To clear up these troubles, Avramenko turned to the idea of staging his work on Broadway. His successes up to now had been solely in the Ukrainian community. His first attempt to reach beyond it was at the Star Casino, and was disrupted by a summer storm that hit the city. His second attempt was at the Metropolitan Opera, with 500 dancers, a chorus of 100 singers, and a folk orchestra, all dressed in Ukrainian costume. The New York Evening Post gave it a rave review, "…excited over the kaleidoscopic ardors of the dance, the richness of the chorus, the congeniality of the audience and the fairly inspiring naturalness of what really amounted to a brilliant Ukrainian folk festival." The Ukrainian newspapers, like Svoboda, saw the performance as a well-attended artistic failure. In a venue like the Met, where the great operas of the world were performed by the finest singers, the Ukrainian press had expected those values to be reflected in the premiere of a comparable Ukrainian operetta or musical. Instead, they found themselves seeing more of what they, unlike the larger English community, were already familiar with from Avramenko. His debts increased, and in order to address his finances, he turned to film.
Film producer
By October 1933, Avramenko was in Hollywood. Along the way to the west coast, he obtained loans and donations from Ukrainian immigrants in these far-flung communities, only aware of who he was through what they had read, unaware as yet of his inability to handle finances. Avramenko always claimed to have been offered a lucrative contract to dance in the film Catherine the Great starring Marlene Dietrich, but had refused on the grounds that the dances would be billed as 'Russian' dances.
He staged performances at the Chicago World's Fair of 1933, and borrowed a thousand dollars from his father-in-law to do so. In 1935, his Baltimore pupils participated in the White House Easter Egg Roll and he claimed a victory for the Ukrainian cause and published postcards with photos of Eleanor Roosevelt at the event.
Natalka Poltavka
On the road most of the time, leaving behind his wife with their newly born daughter, with little if anything to live on, so that his wife depended on friends to survive, by 1934, his marriage began to fall apart. The Great Depression made it hard to earn a living running dance schools. Avramenko made plans to produce a feature film based on the oldest and most popular Ukrainian operetta, Natalka Poltavka, convinced that it would bring fame and glory to the Ukrainian cause. He rallied wealthy widows and convinced them that people in their community needed a place to apprentice in film. The Avramenko Film Company was established in New York City in 1936. Having raised enough money, twenty-five thousand dollars, to begin production, fortuitously Edgar G. Ulmer, a real Hollywood film director appeared on the scene. Ulmer had lost favour in Hollywood after running off with the wife of the nephew of Carl Laemmle Sr., who owned Universal Studios.
Ulmer put together a film crew and rewrote the screenplay. The musical score was recorded ahead of time at Reeves Sound Studio in New York City. The set was located on a farm northwest of Trenton, New Jersey. Ulmer said of Avramenko: "Nothing was impossible for Avramenko… The man was so enthusiastic. I couldn't say no to him…. He was the spark of everything." Without a Hollywood distributor, the film company rented theatres at high cost to show the film. In the end, though an artistic success, the film left Avramenko in further debt. Koshyts was particularly critical of the film, finding it offensive and tasteless. Not surprisingly, his review appeared in Svoboda. It sounded very much like a personal attack. No doubt Avramenko's personality had got under Koshyts' skin when they had toured together. Koshyts' criticism was not without merit. Avramenko, despite his rhetoric to develop a Ukrainian film industry, had brought in people and resources from outside the community in order to make the film. In fairness though to Avramenko, these resources did not exist in the Ukrainian community at that time. This was the first Ukrainian language film produced in the United States.
Cossacks in Exile
Unable to raise money in New York due to the financial setback of his last film, he turned to Canada to raise the funds for his next feature film Cossacks in Exile. On September 22, 1937, Avramenko returned to Winnipeg, and announced the creation of the Ukrainian Film Corporation. At this distance from New York, audiences had seen and loved his film Natalka Poltavka, but knew nothing about the questionable financial state in which it had left its shareholders, and Avramenko. Appealing unabashedly to patriotic Ukrainian sentiment, Avramenko sold rights to screen the new film province by province. Rumours circulated that he was using these funds to pay off old debts. Dr. Mykyta Mandryka, the secretary-treasurer of the new company seemed to be the only one to fully appreciate the situation, and wrote a letter to Avramenko. "We really do not understand each other, and this is why: you think it is necessary, above all, to start producing the film with or without money, and you believe things will somehow turn out well. You live on high hopes and faith in an imminent miracle. But that is not enough to handle people's money wisely." Avramenko ignored all advice and continued to ask for donations, borrow money, and sell rights, fundraising the way he had always done.
Filming began the first week of May 1938. It ended November 27 and the director Ulmer was pleased with the final product. His cheerful mood though turned when he saw advertising for the movie, identifying Avramenko as the "director" or "general production director". He stormed into the film company's office, clearly having failed to appreciate the size of Avramenko's ego.
Again, with Ulmer having directed it, the film received great reviews. In Winnipeg, filled with civic pride, the critics were unashamedly enthusiastic. The New York Times did not even notice that it was a Canadian production, stating that it was "highly agreeable both to the eye and the ear." Koshyts did not publish any review of it, but privately was very critical. With no American or international distributor the film fell victim, like the previous, to being shown city by city at a high cost for theatre rental wherever theatres could be obtained.
Later life
The remaining years of his life, Avramenko spent hauling around film canisters, showing his films or outright selling them wherever he disembarked. In 1954 he released the documentary film "The Triumph of Ukrainian Dance", consisting primarily of excerpts from documentaries and feature films produced by him during the 1930s.
In postwar Canada between 1945 and 1947, Avramenko offered Ukrainian folk dancing courses. One of his students in Winnipeg at this time was William Kurelek, nineteen at the time. By the mid-1960s folk dance ensembles were reinventing themselves: Rusalka in Winnipeg, Yevshan in Saskatoon, Shumka in Edmonton, as well as the touring ensembles from the Soviet Union, the State Folk Dance Ensemble of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under Pavlo Virsky. They were interested in preserving the spirit of the folk dance rather than preserving traditional dance steps. Avramenko's concerts juxtaposed against these dances were simply a bit of nostalgia.
During the 1960s Avramenko spent time in Australia, teaching dance at a number of Ukrainian schools, particularly around Melbourne.
Towards the very end of his life, Avramenko created tribute events, for example "Ukrainian Tribute to Australia", and celebrations of some of his personal triumphs and milestones, and rallied the Ukrainian community around them. He had many of his former pupils across North America, and around the world, help him with these events, pupils who had been children when first encountering dance lessons with him. In the end, even the Ukrainian language newspaper Svoboda and he reconciled, as he lived out his old age in New York City, and whenever he entered their offices on his birthday, everyone would sing Mnohaya lita.
Avramenko died on May 6, 1981, in New York.
References
Bibliography
In English
Bogdanovich, Peter. Edgar G. Ulmer: An Interview, Film Culture, 1974.
Halich, Wasyl. Ukrainians in the United States,(1970), Ayer Publishing.
Martynowych, Orest T. "'All That Jazz!' The Avramenko Phenomenon in Canada, 1925-1929" in Journal of Ukrainian Studies 28, No.2 (Winter 2003). Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. .
Martynowych, Orest T. The showman and the Ukrainian cause. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 2014.
Nahachewsky, Andriy. "Avramenko and the Paradigm of National Culture" in Journal of Ukrainian Studies 28, No.2 (Winter 2003). Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. .
Shatulsky, Myron (1980). The Ukrainian Folk Dance, Kobzar Publishing Co. Ltd. .
Subtelny, Orest. Ukrainians in North America, An Illustrated History. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1991.
Swyripa, Frances and Thompson, John Herd, editors. Ukrainians in Canada During The Great War, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1983.
Zerebecky, Bohdan (1985). Ukrainian Dance Resource Booklets, Series I-IV, Ukrainian Canadian Committee, Saskatchewan Provincial Council.
In Ukrainian
Avramenko, Vasyl (1947). Ukrainian National Dances, Music, and Costumes (Українські Національні Танки, Музика, і Cтрій), National Publishers, Ltd.
Pihuliak, Ivan (1979). Wasyl Avramenko and the Rebirth of Ukrainian National Dancing, Part 1 (Василь Авраменко та Відродження Українського Танку, Частина Перша), published by the author.
External links
Vasyl Avramenko. Solo Dance
Vasyl Avramenko papers at the Immigration History Research Center Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.
Zoloto's Tribute to Avramenko
Avramenko Fund
Cheremosh's history
Short bio
Vasile Avramenko fonds (R6747) at Library and Archives Canada
Ukrainian choreographers
Soviet emigrants to Canada
Ukrainian-Canadian culture
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Ukrainian male dancers
Ukrainian dancers
Russian military personnel of World War I
Ukrainian people of World War I
People from Cherkasy Oblast
1895 births
1981 deaths
Folk dancers
Dance teachers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasyl%20Avramenko |
Let The Love Go On is the second album by Me & My. It was released in 1999 and reached No. 11 in the Danish charts. The song "So Many Men" Is featured in the video game Dance Dance Revolution 3rdMix.
Track listing
"I'm On My Way" - 4:05
"Loving You" - 3:30
"I'm Going Down" - 3:54
"You Left Me" (featuring Pipe) - 4:15
"Let The Love Go On" - 4:03
"Take Me Back" - 3:40
"That's The Way Life Is" - 4:11
"Every Single Day" - 3:10
"So Many Men" - 4:01
"You Do That Thing" - 3:47
Japanese version
"I'm On My Way" - 4:03
"So Many Men" - 3:59
"Loving You" - 3:51
"That's The Way Life Is" - 4:09
"Take Me Back" - 3:38
"You Left Me" (featuring Pipe) - 4:13
"Let The Love Go On" - 4:01
"I'm Going Down" - 3:53
"Every Single Day" - 3:10
"You Do That Thing" - 3:46
"Loving You" (US Radio Mix) for Japan only - 3:29
Me & My albums
1999 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%20the%20Love%20Go%20On |
ACIP may refer to:
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, US
Audio Contribution over IP
See also
ASIP (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACIP |
Massimo Marazzina (; born 16 July 1974) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a striker. Marazzina is currently the head coach and director of soccer for Sarasota Metropolis FC in USL League Two.
Club career
Early years
Marazzina was born in Pandino, a city near Lodi in the Province of Cremona. He finished his football formation at F.C. Internazionale Milano, and made his Serie A debut on 27 February 1994, in a 0–2 away loss against A.C. Torino.
Subsequently, Marazzina moved to fellow first divisioner U.S. Foggia, suffering relegation in his first year, and played with the Apulia club one further season.
Chievo
In 1996, Marazzina signed for A.C. Chievo Verona. In the 1999–2000 season, he scored sixteen goals for the Serie B club, one-third of the team's total. Noting his performances, first division team Reggina Calcio signed him in co-ownership deal; in the opening day of 2000–01, he scored his first top-flight goal in a 2–1 home win against Inter, but his side was eventually relegated.
Marazzina returned to Chievo in 2001, scoring thirteen goals and helping the club finish in fifth place and qualify for the 2002–03 UEFA Cup; in September 2002, he signed a four-year extension of his contract.
In January 2003, 29-year-old Marazzina was loaned to A.S. Roma to replace Gabriel Batistuta, who had left for Inter. In July 2003, he joined U.C. Sampdoria, newly promoted to Serie A, also on loan. He failed to be a regular starter, and in January 2004 moved to Modena F.C. on loan until the end of the 2003–04 Serie A season. He scored three goals during his four-month spell, but could not help prevent the Emilia-Romagna side from being relegated.
Torino
In July 2004, Marazzina signed for Torino, scoring sixteen goals to help the club finish third in division two, also winning the promotion playoffs against Ascoli Calcio 1898 and Perugia Calcio (where he netted in the second leg against the former and the first against the latter). However, the Turin outfit remained in its division because of its poor financial state, and all its players were allowed to leave for free, with the striker joining A.C. Siena in the top level.
Bologna
In January 2006, Marazzina signed for Bologna F.C. 1909 in Serie B, scoring eight goals in half a season. In 2006–07, he netted 12, with Claudio Bellucci adding 19 (more than 50% of the club's total), but the team could only rank eighth. After Bellucci's departure in 2007, he became the most important offensive reference, with Brazilian Adaílton becoming his new "sidekick".
Bologna returned to the first division in 2007–08, with Marazzina scoring 23 times, third-best in the league. With the arrival of Marco Di Vaio, however, the 34-year-old lost his importance in the squad's rotation, only appearing in 27 matches in the following two years combined, and being released in June 2010.
International career
Marazzina made his debut for Italy on 13 February 2002, in a 1–0 friendly win over the United States, in Catania. He added two more caps in the same year, totalling three caps for Italy.
Coaching
In 2019, Marazzina was named head coach and director of soccer for USL League Two expansion club Sarasota Metropolis FC.
References
External links
Inter archives
National team data
Stats at Voetbal International
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Cremona
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Serie A players
Serie B players
Inter Milan players
Calcio Foggia 1920 players
AC ChievoVerona players
LFA Reggio Calabria players
AS Roma players
Modena FC 2018 players
UC Sampdoria players
Torino FC players
ACR Siena 1904 players
Bologna FC 1909 players
Italy men's international footballers
UEFA Cup winning players
USL League Two coaches
Italian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Italian football managers
ASD Fanfulla players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massimo%20Marazzina |
A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset (e.g. a car or property) as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who gives the loan. The debt is thus secured against the collateral, and if the borrower defaults, the creditor takes possession of the asset used as collateral and may sell it to regain some or all of the amount originally loaned to the borrower. An example is the foreclosure of a home. From the creditor's perspective, that is a category of debt in which a lender has been granted a portion of the bundle of rights to specified property. If the sale of the collateral does not raise enough money to pay off the debt, the creditor can often obtain a deficiency judgment against the borrower for the remaining amount.
The opposite of secured debt/loan is unsecured debt, which is not connected to any specific piece of property. Instead, the creditor may satisfy the debt only against the borrower, rather than the borrower's collateral and the borrower. Generally speaking, secured debt may attract lower interest rates than unsecured debt because of the added security for the lender; however, credit risk (e.g. credit history, and ability to repay) and expected returns for the lender are also factors affecting rates. The term secured loan is used in the United Kingdom, but the United States more commonly uses secured debt.
Purpose
There are two purposes for a loan secured by debt. In the first purpose, by extending the loan through securing the debt, the creditor is relieved of most of the financial risks involved because it allows the creditor to take ownership of the property in the event that the debt is not properly repaid. In exchange, this permits the second purpose where the debtors may receive loans on more favorable terms than that available for unsecured debt, or to be extended credit under circumstances when credit under terms of unsecured debt would not be extended at all. The creditor may offer a loan with attractive interest rates and repayment periods for the secured debt.
Types
A mortgage loan is a secured loan in which the collateral is property, such as a home.
A nonrecourse loan is a secured loan where the collateral is the only security or claim the creditor has against the borrower, and the creditor has no further recourse against the borrower for any deficiency remaining after foreclosure against the property.
A foreclosure is a legal process in which mortgaged property is sold to pay the debt of the defaulting borrower.
A repossession is a process in which property, such as a car, is taken back by the creditor when the borrower does not make payments due on the property. Depending on the jurisdiction, it may or may not require a court order.
UK secured loan market
Before the global economic crisis of 2006, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) estimated that the UK secured loan market had a net worth of £7,000,000,000. However, following the close of Lehman Brothers' sub-prime lender BNC Mortgage in August 2007, the UK's most prominent secured loan providers were forced to withdraw from the market.
UK secured loan market timeline (following the global credit crisis)
August 2007: Lehman Brothers closes its sub-prime lender, BNC Mortgage.
September 2007: Southern Pacific Personal Loans and London Mortgage Company close down. Kensington Mortgages withdraws from the secured loan market a day later.
October 2007: White Label Loans launches to fill the gap left by Southern Pacific Personal Loans, Kensington Personal Loans and Money Partners. Product launch is piloted by Beech Finance Ltd. and Specialist Financial Services Ltd.
April 2008: London Scottish Bank closes down entire lending division.
May 2008: Future Mortgages announce they will close for business.
June 2008: Picture Financial ceases to trade in the sector.
July 2008: Barclays ceases to sell secured loans through FirstPlus.
September 2008: Lehman Brothers declares bankruptcy.
November 2008: Bank of America subsidiary Loans.co.uk ceases to trade.
December 2008: West Bromwich Building Society subsidiary White Label Loans closes its doors to new business just fourteen months after launching and completing £60,000,000 of secured loans.
August 2009: The Finance & Leasing Association (FLA) reports that secured loan lending has fallen 84% since 2008.
October 2010: MP George Justice drafts Secured Lending Reform Bill.
December 2010: The Finance & Leasing Association (FLA) reveal secured loan lending sank to £16m.
October 2011: Whiteaway Laidlaw Bank combine with Commercial First and Link Loans to create new lender, Shawbrook Bank.
February 2012: Specialist lender Equifinance enters the market.
May 2012: Secured Lending Reform Bill fails to pass through Parliament.
July 2012: UK's first Secured Loan Index is launched by secured loan broker, Loans Warehouse, and reveals secured lending in the UK reached £150m in the first half of 2012.
September 2012: Secured loan lending is now worth £350,000,000.
December 2012: Secured Loan lender Nemo Personal Finance launches the secured loan market's lowest ever interest rates of 5.592% per annum for employed applicants and 6.54% per annum for self-employed applicants.
February 2013: Shawbrook Bank launches a secured loan product that allows loans up to 95% of property value.
1 April 2014: the Financial Conduct Authority took over formal regulation of the consumer credit market which included secured loans. Previous to this, secured loans fell under the remit of the Office of Fair Trading and firms issuing and brokering secured loans required no authorisation from the FCA. The FCA's involvement dramatically changed the secured loan landscape by putting into place more protection for the consumer.
21 March 2016: the FCA introduced The Mortgage Credit Directive which meant all regulated first-charge and second-charge mortgage contracts are treated in exactly the same way. The MCD was set up to protect consumers by governing first- and second-charge mortgage markets (as well as consumer buy-to-lets) under the same regulation, and to provide a harmonised approach to mortgage regulation across the EU. Following the introduction of the MCD mortgage brokers and advisers were required to inform their clients that a second-charge mortgage could be a better alternative to a remortgage or further advance.
2017 - 2019: Following the implementation of MCD (see 21 March 2016 timeline point) - the secured loan market saw steady growth in activity and consumer demand. At the end of 2019, the 12 month growth trend (as evidenced by the Finance and Leasing association's market statistics) showed a 20% annual growth rate.
2020 - 2021: COVID-19 had a significant impact on the secured loan market. Due to the uncertainty created by the global Coronavirus pandemic, many second charge mortgage providers paused lending. Those that continued to lend made adjustments to lending criteria to reduce credit risk . In any case, consumer demand for borrowing on a secured loan also reduced due to the economic uncertainty as a result of the pandemic. The lows of the secured loans market were reached in 2020, and 2021 showed gradual improvement as the number of new loan agreements issued increased from 486 in May 2020, to 1,910 in May 2021 (although some way short of the 2,657 of new loans issued in October 2019)
2022: After what was an uncertain period of activity for the UK secured loans market, 2022 showed not only recovery post the global Coronavirus pandemic, but significant growth vs activities pre-pandemic. Whilst the UK began to see much higher rates of inflation than it had seen for a number of years, the Bank of England base rate had been increased significantly, and the UK housing market started to slow - all of which could be considered negatives - they combined to create an environment where demand and interest in secured loans increased vs earlier years. This resulted in a 52% increase in new secured loan agreements for the 12 month period ending 30th June 2022.
United States law
The United States is the global leader in security interest law with respect to personal property; in the 1940s, it was the first country to develop and enact the notion of a "unified" security interest. That concept has since spread to many countries around the world after it became evident that it is one of the reasons for why the United States has the strongest economy in the world. For example, to raise money, American ranchers could pledge personal property like cattle in certain ways that historically were impossible or very difficult in Uruguay or most other developing countries. However, US law with respect to security interests in real property is still extremely chaotic and non-uniform. The Uniform Law Commission in the 1970s and 1980s worked hard to develop uniform acts to clean it up but the project was a catastrophic failure.
In the case of real estate, the most common form of secured debt is the lien. Liens may either be voluntarily created, as with a mortgage, or involuntarily created, such as a mechanics lien. A mortgage may only be created with the express consent of the title owner, without regard to other facts of the situation. In contrast, the primary condition required to create a mechanics lien is that real estate is somehow improved through the work or materials provided by the person filing a mechanics lien. Although the rules are complex, consent of the title owner to the mechanics lien itself is not required.
In the case of personal property, the most common procedure for securing the debt is regulated under Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). This uniform act provides a relatively uniform interstate system of forms and public filing of documents by which the creditor establishes the priority of their security interest in the property of the debtor.
In the event that the underlying debt is not properly paid, the creditor may decide to foreclose the interest in order to take the property. Generally, the law that allows the secured debt to be made also provides a procedure whereby the property will be sold at public auction, or through some other means of sale. The law commonly also provides a right of redemption, whereby a debtor may arrange for late payment of the debt but keep the property.
How secured debt is created
Debt can become secured by a contractual agreement, statutory lien, or judgment lien. Contractual agreements can be secured by either a purchase money security interest (PMSI) loan, where the creditor takes a security interest in the items purchased (i.e. vehicle, furniture, electronics); or, a non-purchase money security interest (NPMSI) loan, where the creditor takes a security interest in items that the debtor already owns.
See also
Bankruptcy
Capital structure
Debt arbitration
Loan guarantee
Second lien loan
Seniority (financial)
Senior debt
Subordinated debt
Title loan
Unsecured debt
References
Financial law
Loans
Business terms
Personal finance
Debt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secured%20loan |
Avramenko () is a Ukrainian surname. The surname derived from Hebrew name Abram (Ruthenian version Avram) by adding a Ukrainian suffix "-enko". Abram is itself derived from Abraham.
It may refer to:
Dmitri Avramenko (born 1992), Russian footballer
Gennadi Avramenko (born 1965), Ukrainian sport shooter
Halyna Avramenko (born 1986), Ukrainian sport shooter
Roman Avramenko (born 1988), Ukrainian javelin thrower
Vasyl Avramenko (1895–1981), Ukrainian actor, dancer, choreographer, balletmaster, director, and film producer
See also
Ukrainian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avramenko |
Brownsville is an unincorporated community in West Windsor, Vermont, United States. Located on Vermont Route 44, the village houses a number of administrative offices for the town of West Windsor.
Geography
History
The village derives its name from two settlers, John and Briant Brown. The West Windsor Historical Society is in Brownsville and has a wealth of information on the sheep farms and industries that sustained the early residents.
Just east of Brownsville is the entrance to Ascutney Mountain Resort, which used to be one of the major ski areas in the state, until it closed for good in 2010 and their ski lifts were sold in August 2014. In 2015, Brownsville bought the failed ski area, working with the state of Vermont and the nonprofit Trust for Public Land,
Geography
Slightly south and west of Brownsville is the , a state owned conservation area hosting wildlife such as white-tailed deer, fisher, coyotes, bobcats, beaver and otter.
Home of the Brownsville Society
Covered Bridges
Three of Vermont's covered bridges are nearby – Best's Bridge near Churchill Road and Bowers Bridge, both of which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Twigg bridge on Yale Road was moved to its location by a developer and was heavily damaged by wind in 2002.
Government
Notes
Unincorporated communities in Vermont
Brownsville
Unincorporated communities in Windsor County, Vermont | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsville%2C%20Vermont |
"The Old Rugged Cross" is a popular hymn written in 1912 by American evangelist and song-leader George Bennard (1873–1958).
History
George Bennard was a native of Youngstown, Ohio, but was reared in Iowa. After his conversion in a Salvation Army meeting, he and his wife became brigade leaders before leaving the organization for the Methodist Church. As a Methodist evangelist, Bennard wrote the first verse of "The Old Rugged Cross" in Albion, Michigan, in the fall of 1912 as a response to ridicule that he had received at a revival meeting. Bennard traveled with Ed E. Mieras from Chicago to Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin where they held evangelistic meetings at the Friends Church from December 29, 1912 to January 12, 1913. During the meetings Rev. George Bennard finished "The Old Rugged Cross" and on the last night of the meeting Bennard and Mieras performed it as a duet before a full house with Pearl Torstensen Berg, organist for the meeting, as accompanist. Charles H. Gabriel, a well-known gospel-song composer helped Bennard with the harmonies. The completed version was then performed on June 7, 1913, by a choir of five, accompanied by a guitar in Pokagon, Michigan, at the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Pokagon. Published in 1915, the song was popularized during Billy Sunday evangelistic campaigns by two members of his campaign staff, Homer Rodeheaver (who bought rights to the song for $50 or $500) and Virginia Asher, who were perhaps also the first to record it in 1921. The Old Rugged Cross uses a sentimental popular song form with a verse/chorus pattern in time, and it speaks of the writer's adoration of Christ and His sacrifice at Calvary. Bennard retired to Reed City, Michigan, and the town maintains a museum dedicated to his life and ministry. A memorial has also been created in Youngstown at Lake Park Cemetery. A plaque commemorating the first performance of the song stands in front of the Friend's Church in Sturgeon Bay.
Influence
"The Old Rugged Cross" has been a country gospel favorite ever since it became the title song of Ernest Tubb's 1952 gospel album; it has been performed by some of the twentieth century's most important recording artists, including Al Green, Andy Griffith, Anne Murray, Brad Paisley, Chet Atkins, Chris Barber, John Berry, Floyd Cramer, George Jones, Eddy Arnold, Jim Reeves, Johnny Cash and June Carter, Kevin Max, Ella Fitzgerald, Mahalia Jackson, Jo Stafford, Gordon MacRae, Merle Haggard, Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn, Ray Price, Ricky Van Shelton, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Roy Rogers and Dale Evans, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Statler Brothers, Vince Gill, Willie Nelson, Alan Jackson, George Beverly Shea and John Prine on the 2007 CD "Standard Songs for Average People" with Mac Wiseman. British television dramatist Dennis Potter used the gospel song prominently in several of his plays, most notably Pennies from Heaven (1978); and the song also played a major part in "Gridlock" (2007), an episode of the long-running sci-fi drama series Doctor Who. In early 2009, the song was covered by Ronnie Milsap on his gospel album Then Sings My Soul.
Lyrics
On a hill far away, stood an old rugged Cross
The emblem of suff'ring and shame
And I love that old Cross where the dearest and best
For a world of lost sinners was slain
So I'll cherish the old rugged Cross
Till my trophies at last I lay down
I will cling to the old rugged Cross
And exchange it some day for a crown
Oh, that old rugged Cross so despised by the world
Has a wondrous attraction for me
For the dear Lamb of God, left His Glory above
To bear it to dark Calvary
So I'll cherish the old rugged Cross
Till my trophies at last I lay down
I will cling to the old rugged Cross
And exchange it some day for a crown
In the old rugged Cross, stain'd with blood so divine
A wondrous beauty I see
For ’twas on that old cross Jesus suffered and died
To pardon and sanctify me
So I'll cherish the old rugged Cross
Till my trophies at last I lay down
I will cling to the old rugged Cross
And exchange it some day for a crown
To the old rugged Cross, I will ever be true
Its shame and reproach gladly bear
Then He'll call me some day to my home far away
Where His glory forever I'll share
So I'll cherish the old rugged Cross
Till my trophies at last I lay down
I will cling to the old rugged Cross
And exchange it some day for a crown
Media
In his art parody volume Art Afterpieces, Ward Kimball created a variation on the painting Expulsion from Paradise by the 15th-century artist Giovanni di Paolo, which shows God pointing at a large circle below him. Kimball centered the record label of "The Old Rugged Cross", as published by Victor, on the circle in the picture, complete with the trademark of Nipper (His Master's Voice).
In On A Pale Horse, “The Old Rugged Cross” is played as the last request of a dying man.
In Series 3, Episode 3 ("Gridlock") of Doctor Who, "The Old Rugged Cross" is broadcast to citizens of New New York as they traverse the motorway.
In Series 4, Episode 5 of Hetty Wainthropp Investigates, "The Old Rugged Cross" is sung by Hetty (played by Patricia Routledge) and a local male voice choir.
In the 2019 film Just Mercy, "The Old Rugged Cross" plays in the background as Herbert Richardson is executed.
In the 2021 Showtime miniseries Dexter: New Blood episode "The Family Business", a version of the song, performed by L Shape Lot, can be heard playing in Elric Kane's vehicle as he drives Dexter to the remote cabin of Kurt Caldwell.
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Kevin Mungons and Douglas Yeo, Homer Rodeheaver and the Rise of the Gospel Music Industry (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021).
"'The Old Rugged Cross' Written in Albion" Albion Recorder, 13 April 1998.
Short biography of Bennard from Famous Iowans.
"Bennard, George" in W. K. McNeil, ed., Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music (Routledge, 2005), 34.
Cyberhymnal
The Old Rugged Cross Historic Site
External links
(acoustic guitar version)
1920 recording with Mrs. William Asher and Homer Rodeheaver
American Christian hymns
Glen Campbell songs
Public domain music
1912 songs
1912 in Christianity
20th-century hymns | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Old%20Rugged%20Cross |
Rick Bragg is an American journalist and writer known for non-fiction books, especially those about his family in Alabama. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1996 recognizing his work at The New York Times.
Early life
Bragg was born in the small city of Piedmont in northeastern Alabama and grew up in the small community of Possum Trot near Jacksonville. He credited his ability to write to listening to his family tell stories. He was raised primarily by his mother, as his father was an alcoholic and was rarely home. His relatives were also very involved in his young life, and greatly influenced his personal and emotional development.
Career
Bragg worked at several newspapers before joining the New York Times in 1994. He covered murders and unrest in Haiti as a metro reporter, then wrote about the Oklahoma City bombing, the 1998 Westside Middle School shooting, and the Susan Smith trial as a national correspondent based in Atlanta. He later became the paper's Miami bureau chief prior to Elián González's arrival and the international controversy surrounding the Cuban boy. Bragg won the Pulitzer Prize for his work.
Bragg has authored nine books: All Over But the Shoutin, Ava's Man, The Prince of Frogtown, I Am a Soldier Too: The Jessica Lynch Story, the authorized biography of American POW Jessica Lynch, The Most They Ever Had, Jerry Lee Lewis: His Own Story, My Southern Journey, The Best Cook in the World: Tales From My Momma's Table, and Where I Come from: Stories from the Deep South.
Bragg's book All Over But the Shoutin tells the story of his childhood in Alabama, his rise to becoming a journalist, his personal struggles and the stories of the people he cares about. The book pays special attention to his struggles with his abusive, alcoholic father, and the story of his mother who raised Bragg and his two brothers on her own.
Controversy
On May 28, 2003, after being given a two-week suspension for writing a story that was reported by an uncredited stringer, Bragg resigned from the New York Times.
For the story, an account of Florida Gulf Coast oystermen culture he had written the year before, Bragg relied on the reporting of volunteer intern J. Wes Yoder. The article ran with a dateline of Apalachicola, Florida, and began:
"The anchor is made from the crankshaft of a junked car, the hull is stained with bottom muck, but the big Johnson outboard motor is brand new. Chugging softly, it pushes the narrow oyster boat over Apalachicola Bay, gently intruding on the white egrets that slip like paper airplanes just overhead, and the jumping mullet that belly-flop with a sharp clap into steel-gray water."
The Washington Post reported that "Bragg freely admits that he sent his intern, Yoder, who was compensated only with lunch and rent money, on the boat." A review by the Times found that while Bragg "indeed visited Apalachicola briefly and wrote the article, the interviewing and reporting on the scene were done by a freelance journalist, J. Wes Yoder. The article should have carried Mr. Yoder's byline with Mr. Bragg's."
Bragg's defense — that it is common for Times correspondents to slip in and out of cities to "get the dateline" while relying on the work of stringers, researchers, interns and clerks — was contested by Times reporters, and sparked "more passionate disagreement than the clear-cut fraud and plagiarism committed by fellow reporter Jayson Blair."
Later career
Bragg has taught writing in colleges and in newspaper newsrooms. He now works as a writing professor at the University of Alabama's journalism program in its College of Communication and Information Sciences and writes a column for Southern Living.
His 2008 book, The Prince of Frogtown, explores his father's life in Bragg's hometown of Jacksonville, Alabama.
Awards
Bragg won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing, citing "his elegantly written stories about contemporary America". He has received more than 50 writing awards in 20 years, including the American Society of Newspaper Editors' Distinguished Writing Award twice. In 1992, he was awarded a Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University.
Works
Bragg, Rick (September 2015) My Southern Journey: True Stories from the Heart of the South.
See also
References
External links
Bragg at Randomhouse
Bragg biography at Bookbrowse
Bragg at University of Alabama
Column at Southern Living
Bragg articles at Byliner
Living people
People from Piedmont, Alabama
American memoirists
Nieman Fellows
Writers from Alabama
The New York Times writers
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing winners
People from Jacksonville, Alabama
Journalists from Alabama
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Bragg |
The White Countess is a 2005 drama film directed by James Ivory and starring Ralph Fiennes, Natasha Richardson, Vanessa Redgrave, Hiroyuki Sanada, Lynn Redgrave, Allan Corduner, and Madeleine Potter. The screenplay by Kazuo Ishiguro focuses on a disparate group of displaced persons attempting to survive in Shanghai in the late 1930s.
Plot
Having escaped the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, Countess Sofia Belinskaya is working as a taxi dancer, if not worse, in a seedy Shanghai bar in 1936 to support her family of aristocratic White Russian émigrés, including her daughter Katya, her mother-in-law Olga, her sister-in-law Grushenka, and an aunt and uncle by marriage, Princess Vera and Prince Peter. Although employment is scarce and her meagre income is almost the Shanghai Russian family's only income, Sofia's relatives scorn her for her work and insist she keep it a secret from her child.
Sofia meets Todd Jackson, a former official of the US State Department who several years earlier lost first his wife and child, then later a daughter in separate terrorist bombings. The bombing that killed his daughter also blinded him. With his job at risk and dreaming of running a nightclub, he gambles his savings on a bet at the racetrack. Winning, he opens an elegant nightclub catering to rich cosmopolites and invites Sofia to be his principal hostess, an offer she accepts; in her honour, he calls the club "The White Countess". Over time, they fall in love, but strive to keep work separate from their personal lives. Both are clearly suffering, and could be of much more help and support for the other. Neither is able to act until prodded by necessity upon the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. This conflict causes the balanced political climate to disintegrate, followed by a mass exodus from the besieged city.
Cast
Ralph Fiennes as Todd Jackson
Natasha Richardson as Countess Sofia Belinskaya
Hiroyuki Sanada as Mr. Matsuda
Lynn Redgrave as Olga Belinskaya
Vanessa Redgrave as Princess Vera Belinskaya
Madeleine Potter as Grushenka
Madeleine Daly as Katya
Lee Pace as Crane
Allan Corduner as Samuel Feinstein
John Wood as Prince Peter Belinski
Production
Ismail Merchant had previously worked with British author Kazuo Ishiguro, whose Booker Prize-winning novel The Remains of the Day had been adapted into one of Merchant Ivory's most successful films. Ivory initially asked Ishiguro to adapt the Junichiro Tanizaki novel The Diary of a Mad Old Man, but he wrote an original screenplay based on his obsession with Shanghai. Merchant said: "To have a writer of this calibre working with you is wonderful...I don’t know of any other writer who would be so keenly able to reflect the details of life at that time."
Andre Morgan joined the project as executive producer and the film used his studio in Shanghai for production and post-production.
In The Making of The White Countess, a bonus feature on the DVD release of the film, production designer Andrew Sanders discusses the difficulties he had recreating 1930s Shanghai in a city where most pre-war remnants are surrounded by modern skyscrapers and neon lights. Many of the sets had to be constructed on soundstages. Also impeding him were restrictions on imports levied by the Chinese government, forcing him to make do with whatever materials he could find within the country. The film was the last for producer Ismail Merchant, who died shortly after principal photography was completed.
Cinematographer Chris Doyle said of his work on the film that "What I'm trying to do is make the camerawork lyrical rather than fragmentary. It's a dance between the camera and the actors."
In 2003, Variety noted the production budget was $16 million, while a 2006 The Guardian article reported the budget at $30 million (£17 million).
Release
The film premiered at the Savannah Film Festival in Savannah, Georgia, and was shown at the Two River Film Festival in Monmouth County, New Jersey, before going into limited release in the US It opened on ten screens, and earned $46,348 on its opening weekend, ranking No. 34 among all films in release. It eventually grossed $1,669,971 in the U.S and $2,422,711 in other markets, for a total worldwide box office of $4,092,682.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 49% based on 89 reviews, with average rating of 5.92/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "High production values and fine performances get bogged down by a lifeless story that fails to engage the viewer." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Stephen Holden of the New York Times said, "You couldn't ask for a tonier cast than the one that gamely tries to pump oxygen into the thin, filtered air of The White Countess ... But with its tentative pace, fussy, pieced-together structure and stuffy emotional climate, [the film] never develops any narrative stamina ... [It] has the familiar Merchant-Ivory trademarks: cultivated dialogue, a keen eye for the nuances of upscale society and a sophisticated, internationalist view of class and ethnicity. What is missing from a film that wants to be an Asian Casablanca crossed with The English Patient is a racing, dramatic pulse. Its sedate tone is simply too refined for the story it has to tell. Mr. Ishiguro's prim, anemic screenplay is so lacking in drive and emotional gravitas that the actors are left with only scraps of lean dramatic meat to tear into."
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times stated, "Fiennes and Richardson make this film work with the quiet strangeness of their performances" and then observed, "I saw my first Merchant and Ivory film, Shakespeare Wallah, in 1965 ... Sometimes they have made great films, sometimes flawed ones, even bad ones, but never shabby or unworthy ones. Here is one that is good to better, poignant, patient, moving."
Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said of the film, "Measured and meticulous, with small patches of narrative awkwardness that are more than compensated for by rich performances, it's an appropriate finish to the 40-year partnership: a typical, above-average Merchant-Ivory film ... The movie has a slow start, but Ivory is laying in foundations for later ... Long before the climax, which is magnificent, the movie has us completely believing in the characters and their histories and marveling at their extraordinary circumstances. This is Merchant-Ivory's kind of showmanship, the unflashy adult variety of movie magic that they made their hallmark."
Carina Chocano of the Los Angeles Times stated, "The Chekovian sight of so many Richardson-Redgraves lamenting their circumstances in heavily Russian-accented English and pining for Hong Kong, where their former social glory will be restored, makes you wonder if they'd have been better off in a stage production of Three and a Half Sisters: The Twilight Years ... The White Countess takes place in a fascinating time and place, rife with conflict and turmoil. But to watch Fiennes float (and Richardson trudge) through it all, absorbed in themselves and their own private misery, is to wish they'd started falling earlier, if only to knock some sense into them."
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone rated the film three out of four stars and commented, "The convoluted screenplay ... makes it hard for director James Ivory to maintain an emotional through-line. But Richardson ... finds the story's grieving heart. Fiennes is her match in soulful artistry. As the last film from the legendary team of Ivory and producer Ismail Merchant ... The White Countess is a stirring tribute to Merchant, a true builder of dreams in an industry now sorely bereft of his unique spirit."
Justin Chang of Variety stated, "The threads come together ever so slowly in The White Countess ... This final production from the team of James Ivory and the late Ismail Merchant is itself adrift in more ways than one, with a literate but meandering script ... that withholds emotional payoffs to an almost perverse degree. Name cast and typically tasteful presentation should spark biz among sophisticated older viewers, though likely a fraction of what the Merchant Ivory pedigree used to command theatrically."
Accolades
John Bright was nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Costume Design, and Michael Barry, Martin Czembor, Ludovic Hénault, and Robert Hein were nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Sound.
See also
The Shanghai Drama (1938)
A Countess from Hong Kong (1967)
References
External links
Sony Classics website
Merchant Ivory website
The White Countess Stills, image gallery from Production Designer Andrew Sanders
2005 films
2000s historical drama films
British historical drama films
Films about blind people
Films directed by James Ivory
Films set in 1936
Films set in 1937
Films set in Shanghai
Merchant Ivory Productions films
Films with screenplays by Kazuo Ishiguro
Second Sino-Japanese War films
Sony Pictures Classics films
2005 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20White%20Countess |
George Bennard (February 4, 1873 – October 10, 1958) was an American hymn composer and preacher. He is best known for composing the famous hymn, "The Old Rugged Cross".
Early years
Bennard was born in the coal-mining and iron-production town of Youngstown, Ohio. When he was still a child, his parents relocated the family to Albion, Michigan. Some time later, they moved again to Lucas, Iowa. Although the young Bennard aspired to become a Christian evangelist, he was compelled to support his mother and sisters after his father died suddenly.
Evangelical and musical careers
After marrying, Bennard became active in the Salvation Army and preached throughout the United States and Canada. He was ordained as a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He spent much of his life in Michigan and Wisconsin. As a well-regarded author of Christian hymns, his most famous work is "The Old Rugged Cross". He wrote ‘The Old Rugged Cross’ at Albion College, in Albion, Michigan, at 1101 East Michigan Avenue, a building that later became the Delta Tau Delta fraternity house. It has since been torn down, but a historical marker is on the site. Bennard retired to Reed City, Michigan, and the town maintains a museum dedicated to his life and ministry. He died in Reed City, Michigan, where the local Chamber of Commerce erected a cross near his home.
Bennard is buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.
References
External links
Historical Albion Michigan
1873 births
1958 deaths
American male composers
American composers
American Methodist clergy
People from Reed City, Michigan
Musicians from Youngstown, Ohio
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
People from Albia, Iowa
People from Lucas County, Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Bennard |
$, also known as Dollar$, Dollars or $ (Dollars), and in the UK as The Heist, is a 1971 American heist comedy film starring Warren Beatty and Goldie Hawn, written and directed by Richard Brooks and produced by M.J. Frankovich. The supporting cast includes Gert Fröbe, Robert Webber and Scott Brady. The film is about a bank security consultant (Beatty) who develops a scheme with a prostitute, Dawn Divine (Hawn), to steal several criminals' money from a bank vault.
The film was partly shot in Hamburg, West Germany, which forms the primary location of the film and was supported by the Hamburg Art Museum and Bendestorf Studios. The film's music is composed and produced by Quincy Jones, and the soundtrack features performances by the Don Elliott Voices, Little Richard, Roberta Flack and Doug Kershaw. The title $ appears in the opening credits only in the form of a giant character, as would be used in a sign, being transported by a crane. $ was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Plot
Set in Hamburg, West Germany, several criminals take advantage of the West German bank privacy laws to use safe deposit boxes in a West German bank to store large amounts of illicit cash. These include a Las Vegas mobster as well as a ruthless drug smuggler known as the Candy Man and a crooked overbearing U.S. Army sergeant and his meek-mannered partner the Major, who conspire on a big heroin and LSD smuggling score. Joe Collins (Warren Beatty), an American bank security consultant, has been spying on them and makes mysterious and elaborate preparations to steal their money (totaling more than $1.5 million) with the help of Dawn Divine (Goldie Hawn), a hooker with a heart of gold.
Joe has Dawn phone in a bomb threat to the bank president, Mr. Kessel (Gert Fröbe), to create a diversion. Joe locks himself inside the bank vault with a gold bar normally displayed in the lobby to supposedly save it. The bank is closed and evacuated while Joe uses duplicate keys to empty the criminals' three safe deposit boxes into Dawn's large-size deposit box. (It is implied that Joe had obtained the necessary bank information and secretly copied the criminals' keys while they were engaged in sexual trysts with Dawn.) Despite the fact that Kessel insists on burning through the wall to rescue Joe instead of waiting for the time lock to open, Joe succeeds in the heist and is hailed as a hero for "preventing" the robbery of the gold bar.
The next day, the three criminals, one by one, discover that their boxes are empty, and thus they cannot complete their illegal schemes, nor do they dare to go to the police to report the thefts, since they would then risk revealing their own dishonest pasts. The Las Vegas mobster flees the country while the Sarge, his partner the Major, and the Candy Man search Dawn Divine's apartment, as she was their common link, and find clues that connect her to Joe. Sarge calls Kessel to get Joe's home address, but Joe is quickly tipped off by Kessel and he hurriedly sends Dawn to the train station with a suitcase packed with her take — $765,000 — promising to meet her later someplace out of the country.
A long climactic chase begins as Dawn gives the Major the slip at the train station while the Candy Man and the Sarge chase Joe across a rail yard and through the Elbe Tunnel. Joe escapes on a car carrier truck, lugging his suitcase, but the Candy Man and the Sarge follow and catch up in the morning at a frozen lake in the countryside, where the Candy Man crashes his car through the ice and drowns.
Joe escapes again by hopping a train, but during the night the Sarge catches up to him, only to find that Joe's suitcase contains nothing but a bottle of champagne and wads of newspaper. They conclude that Dawn double-crossed Joe by repacking the suitcases (and thus taking all the money for herself) while he was getting the car, and the Sarge proposes a plan to Joe to go after Dawn together. However, upon swallowing a mouthful of the champagne, the Sarge instantly goes into violent convulsions and falls down dead. The bottle was one of two that the Candy Man had filled with a solution of concentrated LSD to sneak through customs earlier in the film. It's clear from Joe's reaction that he had no idea of the bottle's contents, and was just about to imbibe himself.
An epilogue shows Dawn staying at the Hotel del Coronado, joyfully driving a gleaming new yellow Corvette, and cuddling in bed with an unseen someone. The other suitcase is sitting near the bed, and Joe's bomber jacket hangs on the coat rack. Dawn calmly explains to Joe that she was certain that the criminals wouldn't kill him and leave them with no way to get at the money; Dawn had planned all along to still share the money with Joe as they'd originally arranged, and so she had merely taken the money in order to keep it from anyone who'd pursued Joe. The poisoned champagne bottle she left for him is not discussed; she'd likely had no idea that its contents had been switched for LSD, either.
Cast
Warren Beatty as Joe Collins
Goldie Hawn as Dawn Divine
Gert Fröbe as Mr. Kessel
Robert Webber as Attorney (referred to as Mr. North)
Scott Brady as Sarge
Arthur Brauss as Candy Man
Robert Stiles as Major
Wolfgang Kieling as Granich
Robert Herron as Bodyguard
Christiane Maybach as Helga
Hans Hutter as Karl
Monica Stender as Berta
Horst Hesslein as Bruno
Wolfgang Kuhlman as Furcoat
Klaus Schichan as Knifeman
Production
Principal photography for $ took place at Bendestorf Studio is Hamburg, West Germany from early January to early May 1971, and location shooting took place in that city as well. The building depicted as the exterior of the bank was actually the Kunsthalle, Hamburg's principal museum of art. The route followed in the chase scenes realistically takes the viewer through many of the city's locales. Other locations in Hamburg include the Reeperbahn — the city's red-light district — and the Salambo Cabaret nightclub.
Other filming locations included Munich, Norway, the Pacific Coast Highway and the Hotel Del Coronado in San Diego, California.
Warren Beatty was injured while filming the train sequence, which caused him to miss at least two days of shooting.
Tribute
The scene where Joe tells Dawn there has never been such a robbery as what he is planning is a homage to the scene in Double Indemnity when the insurance investigator played by Edward G. Robinson lectures his boss that there has never been an instance of someone committing suicide by jumping off the back of a slow-moving train.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack to the film was composed and produced by Quincy Jones, with performances by Little Richard, Roberta Flack and Doug Kershaw, in addition to featuring the Don Elliot Voices throughout the score. Among Jones' bouncy, funky instrumental songs, his track "Snow Creatures" has been heavily sampled by numerous hip hop artists, including Gang Starr and Common Sense.
Little Richard sings "Money Is" and "Do It to It", both with music and lyrics by Quincy Jones, while Roberta Flack sings "When You're Smiling (The Whole World Smiles with You)", with music and lyrics by Mark Fisher, Joe Goodwin and Larry Shay.
Release and reception
The premiere of the film took place in New York City on December 15, 1971, and it was released in theaters across the United States on December 17, 1971. The Los Angeles premiere was on December 22.
Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four and praised it as a "slick and breakneck caper movie that runs like a well-oiled thrill." He praised the performance of Beatty, describing him as "the best con man in movies, certainly since Clark Gable died. He is filled with deals, angles, things he has to pull you over in a corner to whisper. He can make you rich tomorrow, and himself, too, one of these days. And he has an unusual kind narcissism — unusual for an actor. He isn't narcissistic about himself, but about his style; he's in love with conning people." Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote that the film boasts "an attractive cast, some clever dialogue (also by Brooks), and lots of suspense — at least, until the chase begins and never seems to end, and you wish that everyone would go home and get some rest ... '$' is actually a decent short film that has been made long by the most predictable and least ingenious of means." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety found the film "[f]ar too leisurely in plot and pacing," suggesting that "Brooks maybe is too serious a filmmaker for this sort of thing. He wants his characters to have depth and motivation, but the principle does not work well herein." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it a "crackling good crime-chase-suspense story. Its considerable pleasure is that it sets us up solidly in a colorful, unfamiliar but unquestionably real place — Hamburg, Germany — and plays its ingenious charades absolutely as if they were part of the teeming life of that city." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote that it has a "clever premise" and that Beatty and Hawn were "pleasant performers," but "Brooks' script continually interrupts its mood of a slick caper film with slapstick humor. '$' tries to be both a comedy and a caper, and manages to be neither."
A Channel 4 review of the film in the UK gave it a 4 out of 5 rating, and, like Ebert, noted the pace of the directing and script by Brooks, describing it as "cutting more rapidly than usual, he kept the action moving fairly entertainingly for most of the movie, with includes a long and spectacular car chase". However, unlike Ebert, critic Christopher Null believed the following of the film tired after the first hour, remarking that, "Beatty and Hawn carry this fun little heist/comedy picture for the first hour, but then the whole affair gets a little tiring". He did, however, rate the film 3.5 out of 5.
Home video
The film was released on DVD in 2008, concurrently with the CD re-release of the film's soundtrack, which had previously been released on CD in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records, Inc.
See also
List of American films of 1971
References
External links
1971 films
1970s crime comedy films
1970s heist films
American crime comedy films
American heist films
Columbia Pictures films
1970s English-language films
Films scored by Quincy Jones
Films about bank robbery
Films directed by Richard Brooks
Films set in Hamburg
Films set in West Germany
Films shot in Germany
Films with screenplays by Richard Brooks
1971 comedy films
1970s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollars%20%28film%29 |
Weight distribution is the apportioning of weight within a vehicle, especially cars, airplanes, and trains. Typically, it is written in the form x/y, where x is the percentage of weight in the front, and y is the percentage in the back.
In a vehicle which relies on gravity in some way, weight distribution directly affects a variety of vehicle characteristics, including handling, acceleration, traction, and component life. For this reason weight distribution varies with the vehicle's intended usage. For example, a drag car maximizes traction at the rear axle while countering the reactionary pitch-up torque. It generates this counter-torque by placing a small amount of counterweight at a great distance forward of the rear axle.
In the airline industry, load balancing is used to evenly distribute the weight of passengers, cargo, and fuel throughout an aircraft, so as to keep the aircraft's center of gravity close to its center of pressure to avoid losing pitch control. In military transport aircraft, it is common to have a loadmaster as a part of the crew; their responsibilities include calculating accurate load information for center of gravity calculations, and ensuring cargo is properly secured to prevent its shifting.
In large aircraft and ships, multiple fuel tanks and pumps are often used, so that as fuel is consumed, the remaining fuel can be positioned to keep the vehicle balanced, and to reduce stability problems associated with the free surface effect.
In the trucking industry, individual axle weight limits require balancing the cargo when the gross vehicle weight nears the legal limit.
See also
Center of mass
Center of percussion
Load transfer
Mass distribution
Roll center
Tilt test
Weight transfer
References
External links
Weight Distribution Calculator
Aerospace engineering
Mass
Vehicle technology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight%20distribution |
The Girl from Petrovka is a 1974 American comedy-drama film starring Goldie Hawn and Hal Holbrook, based on the novel by George Feifer. It is about an American journalist, Joe (Holbrook) who goes to the Soviet Union and meets Oktyabrina (Hawn), an undocumented ballet dancer, which attracts the attention of the authorities.
Plot
Joe (Hal Holbrook) is a cynical American journalist assigned to work in the Soviet Union, where he meets Oktyabrina (Goldie Hawn), a spirited and erratic Russian ballet dancer who lives illegally without proper documents. Their ensuing romance opens new possibilities for both; but also draws the attention of the Soviet authorities.
Cast
Goldie Hawn as Oktyabrina
Hal Holbrook as Joe
Anthony Hopkins as Kostya
Grégoire Aslan as Minister
Anton Dolin as Ignatievitch
Bruno Wintzell as Alexander
Zoran Andric as Leonid
Hanna Hertelendy as Judge
Maria Sukolov as Old Crone
Zitto Kazann as Passport Black Marketeer
Inger Jensen as Helga Van Dam
Raymond O'Keefe as Minister's Driver
Richard Marner as Kremlin Press Official
Michael Janisch as Police Chief Valinikov
Harry Towb as American Reporter
Production
Some filming was planned to take place in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, but Yugoslavia's Inex Films canceled its contract with Universal Pictures for undisclosed reasons just two weeks before shooting was set to begin, and production had to be moved to Vienna. Director Robert Ellis Miller suspected that Inex's decision was made under pressure from Moscow. A Yugoslavian official denied this, but did reveal that Inex was fearful of offending Russia with the film.
Reception
Nora Sayre of The New York Times wrote that "Goldie Hawn can't play a Russian" and Hal Holbrook "has little to do beyond shaking his head when he thinks of her smiling indulgently when he looks at her ... Certainly, neither performer has been aided by the script." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety wrote, "What 25 years of Cold War 'comedy' cliche and the latterday Nixon detente haven't done to make irrelevant 'The Girl From Petrovoka,' artless writing and direction have. This sixth Richard D. Zanuck-David Brown production for Universal stars Goldie Hawn, ineffective as a ponderous Russian version of a free spirit, and Hal Holbrook, who cannot alone make work such sterile and cornball comedy dramaturgy." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4. He called the story "insipid" and wrote of Goldie Hawn that "there is no way she can handle a Russian accent. Her dialect floats from the Volga to the Mississippi during a single sentence."
See also
List of American films of 1974
References
External links
1974 films
1970s romantic comedy-drama films
American romantic comedy-drama films
Cold War films
Films scored by Henry Mancini
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Robert Ellis Miller
Films produced by Richard D. Zanuck
Films produced by David Brown
Films set in the Soviet Union
Films shot in Vienna
Universal Pictures films
The Zanuck Company films
1974 comedy films
1974 drama films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Girl%20from%20Petrovka |
The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox is a 1976 American Western romantic comedy film directed and produced by Melvin Frank from a screenplay by Frank, Barry Sandler, and Jack Rose and a story by Sandler. It stars George Segal and Goldie Hawn as the title characters. It follows a female hustler who becomes repeatedly mixed up with a suave con man and card shark through a series of misadventures before falling in love with him.
The film was theatrically released in the United States on March 24, 1976, by 20th Century-Fox. It received lukewarm reviews from critics and performed poorly at the box office. For her performance, Hawn was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical.
Plot
In 1882 San Francisco, popular dance hall girl Amanda Quaid learns that Mormon millionaire Josiah Widdicombe is seeking a well-bred governess for his children. Looking for an easier life, Amanda needs $65 to buy clothes for the interview. She accepts an invitation from gambler Charlie "Dirtwater Fox" Malloy to join him in his hotel room, where she discovers he is carrying a satchel full of stolen money that he acquired by double-crossing the Bloodworth gang in a bank robbery. Drugging Charlie and stealing the satchel, she buys a new outfit and successfully interviews with Widdicombe as the "Duchess of Swansbury."
When Charlie finds the money gone, he heads east on his horse Blackjack and catches up to the stagecoach carrying Amanda to Salt Lake City, Utah. Charlie recognizes Amanda and makes her agree to give him a portion of her salary in exchange for keeping her real identity a secret. On their trip, they encounter snakes, rapids, horseback pursuits through towns, a Jewish wedding, and the Bloodworth gang who capture them and take back the money. The pair are tied down with stakes and left to die, but manage to escape when Amanda uses a pair of lorgnette spectacles to burn through the ropes.
The couple almost make it to Salt Lake City, but Charlie is not willing to give up the money and hatches a plan to get it back from the Bloodworth gang. He sets booby traps at the gang's ranch and starts a fire in the barn, retrieving the loot in the process. In the ensuing chase and gunfight, the gang members are killed but Charlie is wounded. Charlie believes he is dying, but Amanda calls him lazy, grabs the satchel and walks toward Salt Lake City; Charlie and Blackjack get to their feet and follow.
Cast
George Segal as Charlie "Dirtwater Fox" Malloy
Goldie Hawn as Amanda "Duchess" Quaid
Conrad Janis as Gladstone
Thayer David as Josiah Widdicombe
Jennifer Lee as Trollop
Sid Gould as Rabbi
Pat Ast as Music hall singer
E. J. André as Prospector
Dick Farnsworth as Stagecoach driver
Clifford Turknett as Mr. Weatherly
Roy Jenson as Bloodworth
Bob Hoy as Ingersoll, Bloodworth gang member
Bennie Dobbins as Murphy, Bloodworth gang member
Walter Scott as Graves, Bloodworth gang member
Jerry Gatlin as Stein, Bloodworth gang member
Production
On June 20, 1975, it was announced that Melvin Frank had been hired by Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation to produce and direct The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox. The studio considered the film to be one of its major productions for 1975.
Principal photography took place in Colorado from August 18 to October 16, 1975. The film was shot in and around Central City, Cañon City, Denver, and Westcliffe, Colorado.
Reception
Critical response
Richard Eder of The New York Times wrote that "the gags make for monotony. Here the action—there is lots of it—has been polluted for the sake of gags that are rarely even funny in themselves." The Chicago Tribune'''s Gene Siskel gave the film two stars out of four and noted it was indebted to the comedy of Mel Brooks and Blazing Saddles in particular, but only had one really funny scene (in which Segal and Hawn converse in a mixture of different languages). Arthur D. Murphy of Variety wrote, "While the 104-minute film is more than simply an acceptable effort, it lacks the punch, dash and excitement which makes a film comedy really great." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "a vigorous little diversion, fast, efficient and peppered if not replete with inventive jokes ... Mostly the movie has Segal and Hawn, who are both shrewd and attractive light comedians." Caroline Lewis of The Monthly Film Bulletin'' wrote that "except when they are scoring points off the more obvious clichés, the visual and verbal puns seem rather unsure of their targets, and the film fails to sustain the pace set by a few hilarious scenes."
Accolades
References
External links
1976 films
1976 romantic comedy films
1976 Western (genre) films
1970s American films
1970s English-language films
1970s Western (genre) comedy films
American romantic comedy films
American Western (genre) comedy films
Films directed by Melvin Frank
Films scored by Charles Fox
Films set in 1882
Films set in San Francisco
Films set in Utah
Films shot in Colorado
Films with screenplays by Barry Sandler
20th Century Fox films
Mormonism in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Duchess%20and%20the%20Dirtwater%20Fox |
Case knife can refer to:
A large type of table knife, typically stored in a case
Sheath knife
The Dutch case-knife, a variety of runner bean
W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co., a maker of knives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case%20knife |
The Dingo Scout Car was a light armoured car built in Australia during World War II. They were produced by the Ford motor company during 1942.
History
Australia as a nation was ill-prepared for the Second World War and possessed little in the way of armoured vehicles. Being at the time unable to purchase them from their traditional supplier, the United Kingdom whose industrial output was dedicated to more immediate needs in Europe, they were forced by circumstance to develop and build them from what resources were available in Australia, and armoured cars and scout cars were no exception. Much creative application and innovation was spawned by the lessons learnt from the Great War.
The Dingo was based on a commercial Ford 30-cwt 134.5 inch wheelbase chassis shortened to 110 inches, which was fitted with a Marmon-Herrington all wheel drive kit to give the vehicle 4 wheel drive. It was powered by either an 85 hp or 95 hp Ford V8 engine. On to this was fitted an armoured body manufactured from ABP-3 (Australian Bullet Proof plate type 3) by Victorian Railways. Serial production began in early 1942.
The Dingo was equipped with a Bren light machine gun and Mk19 wireless. The vehicle's weight restricted its off-road mobility and the front axle could be distorted when travelling over rough terrain. A lighter version with only 10 mm of armour and an open top was proposed at the end of 1942 but not proceeded with as armoured cars could now be imported from overseas. All 245 vehicles produced were disposed of in 1945.
Surviving Dingos are on display at the Royal Australian Armoured Corps (RAAC) tank museum at Puckapunyal, Victoria, at the Australian War Memorial, at the Melbourne Tank Museum in Narre Warren, and at the Australian Armour and Artillery Museum in Cairns. There are also several vehicles in private ownership.
Notes
References
Cecil, Michael K. (1993). Australian Scout and Armoured Cars 1933 to 1945, Australian Military Equipment Profiles, vol. 3, .
External links
Old CMP – Dingo
The Australian Dingo Scout Car at Mheaust.com.au
World War II scout cars
World War II armoured fighting vehicles of Australia
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingo%20%28scout%20car%29 |
Diane Luckey (December 12, 1960 – July 19, 2022), known professionally as Q Lazzarus, was an American singer. She is best known for her 1988 song "Goodbye Horses", which became a cult classic after being prominently featured in a scene from Jonathan Demme's 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs. Several of her songs were featured in other films directed by Demme before she disappeared from the public eye in the mid-1990s.
Life and career
Diane Luckey was born on December 12, 1960, in Neptune Township, New Jersey, the youngest of seven children. While attending the Mount Pisgah Baptist Church in Neptune as a child, she sang in the Mount Pisgah Youth Choir. She graduated from Neptune High School and, inspired by a production of Bubbling Brown Sugar on Broadway, moved to New York City at age 18 to pursue a music career. She soon started working as a backup singer and jingle writer at Sigma Sound Studios.
In the 1980s, while making music as part of her band Q Lazzarus and the Resurrection, Q Lazzarus was working as a taxi driver in New York City to make a living. The band consisted of Q Lazzarus, songwriter William Garvey, backup singer Gloriana Galicia, Janice Bernstein, and Mark Barrett. According to Galicia, by 1985, Q Lazzarus was working in Chelsea as a live-in housekeeper and au pair for an English businessman named Swan, and the band would record vocal harmonies on cassette at Swan's house; Q Lazzarus also had a number of other day jobs at the time.
Q Lazzarus was repeatedly turned away by record companies, who insisted they could not market her because of her dreadlocks. After picking up filmmaker Jonathan Demme in her taxi during a blizzard and asking him if he was in the music business, Q Lazzarus played him her demo tape, to which he replied, "Oh my God, what is this and who are you?" Her song "Candle Goes Away" was then included in Demme's 1986 film Something Wild. In the late 1980s, she moved to London to form an Aerosmith-style rock band and stayed there for five years.
In 1988, Q Lazzarus's signature song, "Goodbye Horses", written and produced by Garvey, was released. That same year, the song was included in Demme's film Married to the Mob. It later became a cult hit following its inclusion in a scene from Demme's 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs featuring the film's antagonist, serial killer Buffalo Bill. Q Lazzarus then appeared in Demme's next film, 1993's Philadelphia, in which she performed a cover of the Talking Heads song "Heaven".
In 1996, Q Lazzarus and the Resurrection disbanded and Q Lazzarus disappeared from the public eye. , she had been working as a bus driver in Staten Island, and filed a lawsuit against a Hasidic bus company for not hiring female bus drivers. In August 2019, filmmaker Eva Aridjis met Q Lazzarus after getting picked up in her car service in New York City, and the two soon began working on a documentary about Q Lazzarus's life, Goodbye Horses: The Many Lives of Q Lazzarus, which is set to be released in 2023.
Q Lazzarus died on July 19, 2022, from an unknown illness.
References
External links
1960 births
2022 deaths
20th-century African-American women singers
American taxi drivers
Bus drivers
Neptune High School alumni
People from Neptune Township, New Jersey
Musicians from Staten Island
Singers from New Jersey
Singers from New York City
21st-century African-American women
Jingle writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%20Lazzarus |
Lovers and Liars (Viaggio con Anita) is a 1979 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli and starring Goldie Hawn and Giancarlo Giannini. It is Hawn's only foreign film. It was released in the United States in February 1981.
Plot
Anita (Hawn) is an American actress who decides to vacation in Rome. There, she becomes involved in a romance with her friend's married lover Guido (Giannini).
Cast
Goldie Hawn as Anita
Giancarlo Giannini as Guido Massacesi
Claudine Auger as Elisa Massacesi
Aurore Clément as Cora
Laura Betti as Laura
Andréa Ferréol as Noemi
Renzo Montagnani as Teo
Franca Tamantini as Oriana Massacesi
Gino Santercole as Tonino, the truck driver
Lorraine de Selle as Gennifer
References
External links
1979 films
1970s Italian-language films
Fictional couples
Films scored by Ennio Morricone
Films directed by Mario Monicelli
1970s comedy road movies
Films produced by Alberto Grimaldi
Italian comedy road movies
1979 comedy films
1970s Italian films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovers%20and%20Liars |
Best Friends is a children's novel by Jacqueline Wilson, first published in 2004.
Plot
Eleven-year-old girls Gemma Jackson and Alice Barlow have been best friends from birth, ever since they were born on the same day and in the same hospital. The two are polar opposites; Gemma is a tomboy who likes playing wild and exciting sports, while Alice is girly and loves ballet and the color pink. Despite their differences, the two girls spend almost every day together, and on their birthdays they always wish to stay friends forever.
One day, Alice tells Gemma that she and her parents are moving far away to Scotland. Gemma and Alice are both devastated at the thought of being separated, but Alice's snobbish mother claims that Alice will make new friends when they move. Not wanting this, Alice suggests that she and Gemma run away - and do so during the leaving party on the day before the move. Gemma suggests they catch a train to London. On the way they are recognized by classmate Billy "Biscuits" McVitie, whose baby sister Polly was baptised that same day at the church that Gemma and Alice passed en-route; he tells his mother, who informs Alice's and Gemma's parents who in turn then catch the girls before they can board the train. Alice moves away and the girls are separated.
Gemma's grandfather invites her to accompany him on a trip to Scotland when he is hired to taxi a client from Scotland to London. Upon arrival at Alice's new house the two share a happy reunion and Gemma is allowed to stay for the day. However, Gemma grows insecure when Alice is excited to show off her new pink bedroom and large house. Later in the day, Gemma meets Alice's new friend Flora Hamilton, who is a classmate to Alice at her new school as well as her new ballet class. Gemma is intimidated by Flora's friendship with Alice and approval from Alice's mother (including when Flora lies about Alice saying Gemma's family are "quite poor" regarding how a china doll came to fruition - Gemma's grandmother left the doll to her, which she later gave Alice). When the cake Gemma has made and brought is presented at dinner, Alice requests that she and Gemma cut the cake together and make their traditional wish. When Alice's mother gives Flora the knife instead, Gemma finally snaps and shoves the cake in Flora's face.
Gemma is made to leave but Alice assures Gemma they are still best friends. Gemma gradually starts to rebuild her life without Alice, including establishing her friendship with Biscuits. The story ends on Gemma (and Alice's) birthday, when she celebrates with her family, Biscuits, and Biscuits' family. Gemma receives a birthday card and charm bracelet from Alice reassuring her that despite Alice not being able to contact Gemma any longer, they will remain best friends forever.
Main characters
Gemma Jackson: Gemma is the story's main protagonist and narrator. She is a tomboyish, optimistic, and clumsy 11 year old, who enjoys football, bike riding and spending time with her grandfather. She is Alice's best friend and is devastated when she learns that Alice is moving away to Scotland. She has two brothers, Jack and Callum.
Alice Barlow: Gemma's best friend. In contrast to Gemma, she is quite the girly girl, who loves dressing up, ballet and the color pink. She is also eleven. She appears traumatised when she and her parents move away to Scotland, having been parted from Gemma. However, she is spoiled with all sorts of glamorous items in their new home. She makes friends with snobby Flora. She writes Gemma a birthday card at the end of the book. While she is surrounded by fancy and elegant objects, lives in a beautiful countryside home and attends an ever so fancy school, all she truly wants is her best friend to be here, too.
Billy "Biscuits" McVitie: The girls' schoolfriend, a tubby boy who loves food, both eating and cooking. Gemma and Alice form a temporary hatred for him when he "tells on them" to his mother about their plots on running away. When Alice is gone, Gemma and Biscuits become closer as friends and work together for a project on famous TV chef "Fat Larry", as well as Biscuits making Gemma her special birthday cake at her party. Towards the beginning, Gemma has a strong disliking for him which is shared by Alice, but as time slowly passes she realises what he did was out of care, and he just wants his special friend Gemma to be safe and happy. Biscuits is described as good-natured, kind and cheerful, as well as loved by all of his friends.
Flora Hamilton: A girl who befriends Alice in Scotland. Gemma often frets that Flora is trying to "take Alice away from her" and becomes highly suspicious of them together. Flora is described as pretty, kind, mature, and a good ballet dancer. She lets Gemma email her to communicate with Alice, something Gemma feels very uneasy about - Gemma referred to Flora as "Margarine Girl", a reference to Flora margarine, in her head during email correspondence. During Gemma's visit to Scotland, Flora is disdainful of Gemma's childish ways and tries to get Alice to do what she wants to do. She openly disapproves of Gemma and Alice's special friendship, much to Gemma's dismay. In the message in Alice's birthday card to Gemma at the end of the book, it is mentioned that the dynamics have changed between Alice and Flora - Alice was having a birthday party and her mum had made her ask Flora, however Alice didn't like her much now (presumably following Gemma's visit).
Grandad: Gemma's beloved grandfather on her dad's side. He has a caring, calm and soft temperament, and loves Gemma deeply. He has affectionately nicknamed Gemma as his little Iced Gem, after the popular biscuit. His wife died when Gemma was three years old. He used to work as a taxi driver like his son (Gemma's father) but retired just as Gemma's mother went back to work full-time - however, he steps in to the taxi firm when they need another driver.
Television series
In 2005, a five-part adaptation was produced by CITV. It followed the book closely, but with a few minor alterations and a new ending.
Notable differences between the book and the TV series:
In the book, the girls' birthday is 3rd of July. In the TV series their birthday is 24th of December.
In the book Karen Barlow is married to Bob and the move to Scotland was due to Bob getting a new job. In the TV series Karen is a single parent - Alice's dad was Geoff and abandoned them when Alice was little after coming out as gay (he ran off with the gas man). The move to Scotland was following meeting a man over online dating called Fergus.
In the book, Liz Jackson works in the beauty section of department store Joseph Pilbeam. In the TV series she is a ceasing smoker, which was not mentioned in the book, and works very hard as a self employed beauty therapist. Karen is a regular client.
In the book, no name is given for Gemma's dad and he also works as a taxi driver; in the TV series, Gemma's dad is thought to be called Tony, and also unemployed.
In the book, Gemma has two brothers, Callum and Jack; in the TV series Gemma only has the one brother, Callum.
In the book Biscuits' mother and father are on the scene, he has a baby sister called Polly (who was baptised during the Barlows' farewell party and Alice and Gemma walk past the hosting church en route to the train station) and his grandmother, June, develops romantic feelings for Grandad at the end of the book. In the TV series Biscuits' mother is dead; his grandmother is his legal guardian and there seems to be no mention of a father or any siblings. Biscuits also is new to Gemma's neighborhood and the new child at her school; June is also established to be Grandad's lady friend.
In the book, Gemma, Alice, and Biscuits' class teacher is Mrs Watson; in the TV series the class teacher is Miss Mancer (pronounced "Maneer").
In the book, Alice sends Gemma a birthday card and her charm bracelet with a new charm on it with a note saying they are best friends forever despite no more contact. In the TV series, Alice surprises Gemma at the end by turning up at the latter's birthday party after a contact on her new mobile phone.
References
British young adult novels
Novels by Jacqueline Wilson
Doubleday (publisher) books
2004 British novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%20Friends%20%28Wilson%20novel%29 |
Protocol is a 1984 American comedy film starring Goldie Hawn and Chris Sarandon, written by Buck Henry, and directed by Herbert Ross. Hawn plays a Washington, D.C., cocktail waitress who prevents the assassination of a visiting Arab emir and winds up a national heroine.
Plot
Sunny Ann Davis is a seemingly ditzy blonde who works as a cocktail waitress in Washington, D.C. She rents a small room in the home of a gay couple, has a lousy love life and drives a rust bucket of a car that she cannot afford to repair.
The car breaks down, blocking the route of a diplomatic convoy that is traveling to the White House. Unsympathetic to Sunny's predicament, the Diplomatic Security Service treat the incident as a possible security threat and move into full security mode, guns drawn. Sunny is naive to the seriousness of her situation, concerned only that she will now be late for work.
At the Safari Club where Sunny works, her night is getting worse. Her date cancels and she is forced to wear an emu suit because all of the other costumes are now taken by waitresses who arrived on time. She hates the costume because it invites unwanted sexual propositions. Even though she is "so broke," she refuses an offer from a patron requesting special "favors" in return for cash, as well as a loan from a waitress friend, Ella.
On her way home, Sunny is curious about the media attention surrounding a gala dinner, so she stops to watch the dignitaries leaving the event. A man of Middle Eastern descent rudely pushes past her. Sunny feels something hard in his coat pocket. She asks if he has a gun. To her horror, he does. A shot is fired, but Sunny prevents him taking aim at his target by biting his arm. In the ensuing commotion, both Sunny and the gunman are forced to the ground and another shot is fired. Sunny cries out, realizing she has been shot.
Through news media reports, we learn that Sunny has been taken to the hospital and is being lauded as a heroine. She has prevented the assassination of a visiting Emir, who had been in Washington to further relations between the US and his "small, but strategic Middle Eastern country", El Othar. Doctors remove a bullet from Sunny's left buttock. While recovering, she finds herself thrust into public adoration, receiving mail from celebrities and countless marriage proposals.
Michael Ransome, a Middle Eastern desk chief from the State Department, pays a visit to help Sunny get through her first press conference since the shooting. Sunny answers each question about her life with humor and charm, revealing herself to be hugely likeable, intelligent and patriotic. She also reveals that she has never voted, preferring to consider herself as just an American, rather than any political label.
Back at the White House, politicians Crowe and Hilley are watching the conference. They joke that if Sunny is to be believed, she could run for office because of her appeal to so many large groups of voters, including working women, small town folk, senior citizens, gays, the "law-and-order bunch," baseball fans, bar flys and animal lovers. They contact the President of the United States (who is napping during this most important speech), and arrange for him to call Sunny at the hospital.
The Emir whose life Sunny saved was being wooed by the US, which wants to establish a military base in his country because of its ideal geographic location in the Middle East. He decides that he will allow the US to build its base in his country — on the provision that they allow him to claim Sunny as another wife. Without the President's knowledge, the State Department decides to trade Sunny for the base without her knowledge.
The Vice President of the United States offers her a job within the Protocol Department of the Government. She has to look up what "protocol" means in a dictionary, but when she realizes he is offering her a well-paying job, she accepts.
Sunny approaches her new job with nervous excitement, She attends formal dinners and meets dignitaries from foreign countries. At one dinner, she is introduced to Nawaf Al Kabeer, who thanks Sunny on behalf of the Emir, and presents a car to her, as a thank-you gift from the Emir. She returns it, having researched that as a government employee, she is unable to accept gifts. But this act infuriates both the Emir and the State Department.
Sunny is unaware that in the Emir's country, the local population is aware that Sunny is to be a new Queen, and anger is growing. Sunny is told that the Emir wants to meet her personally, and that she is to "show him a good time." She looks upon this invitation as a way to help her old boss Lou by arranging a party at his failing Safari Club, where she used to work. Lou has not closed the bar to his regular patrons and Sunny has invited friends of her own. The party gets out of control, the Police make arrests and all of this is filmed by the media.
Ambassador St. John sees this as a perfect opportunity to finally make the trade. She tells Sunny to go with the Emir to "represent her country" and make amends. Sunny arrives in the Emir's country to find a mural of herself in wedding attire. She realizes it's a set-up, that she was traded so the US could build its base.
The Emir confirms this. Unable to produce sons, he needs a new wife. Before an angry Sunny can respond, a violent coup d'état takes place in the Emir's country of Otah, and the two are forced to flee.
Back in the US, the government denies knowledge of the trade and the public is now questioning whether Sunny knew all along of the plan. She must also face a Congressional inquiry to find out the truth. Ransome quits his job in disgust at what was done to Sunny.
At the inquiry, Sunny cuts the proceedings short by accepting blame, having taken an important job without fully understanding the political affairs of her country. But she reminds everyone that leaders have a responsibility toward the people. She warns the political powers in the room that, from now on, she will watch all of them "like a hawk."
Two years later, Sunny has married Ransome and they have a baby. She is also running for Congress in her hometown of Diamond Junction in Oregon, and gets a call telling her that she has won.
Cast
Goldie Hawn as Sunny Davis
Chris Sarandon as Michael Ransome
Richard Romanus as Emir
Andre Gregory as Nawaf Al Kabeer
Gail Strickland as Ambassador St John
Cliff DeYoung as Hilley
Keith Szarabajka as Crowe
Ed Begley Jr. as Hassler
James Staley as Vice President Merck
Kenneth Mars as Lou
Jean Smart as Ella
Maria O'Brien as Donna
Joel Brooks as Ben
Grainger Hines as Jerry
Kenneth McMillan as Senator Morris
Tom Spratley as Grandpa
Roger Til as Belgium Ambassador
Reception
Roger Ebert gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4 and wrote, "The character that Goldie Hawn creates in this movie is so refreshing and so interesting that they should have gone ahead and made the extra effort and written an intelligent screenplay about her." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded 2 stars out of 4 and wrote that it played like a "bad sequel" to Hawn's earlier hit, Private Benjamin. Siskel suggested that "it might have been intended as some kind of emotional Frank Capra film with Hawn in the Jimmy Stewart role. But Stewart never would have stood for all the grade-Z slapstick material here, including a truly pathetic, protracted barroom brawl scene in which an Arab stereotype (André Gregory in a humiliating role) is turned on by sado-masochism." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "Though everything in 'Protocol' has been most carefully contrived, it has been contrived by talented people, particularly by Mr. Henry." Variety stated, "Moving far away from the disaster of 'Swing Shift' and back toward the smash success of 'Private Benjamin,' Hawn is once again properly bubbly (and brainy), but one big problem here is an oh-so-obvious effort to reinvent the formula that boosted 'Benjamin' to new heights." Paul Attanasio of The Washington Post called it "the kind of corny screwball comedy you thought nobody made anymore. By the end, its ersatz political moralism is almost too much to take; but buoyed by Buck Henry's often hilarious script, a wiggy performance by Goldie Hawn as a not-so-dumb blond, and director Herbert Ross' sure comic touch, 'Protocol' is pleasant piffle for a Sunday afternoon." Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "Goldie Hawn is likable—even if this movie (which might actually be subtitled 'Private Benjamin' Goes to Washington') is not." Kim Newman of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that the movie's most obvious influence was the 1950 film Born Yesterday, "but without displaying any understanding of why it worked so well. Its most explicit borrowing is from what now seems Born Yesterday's most embarrassing scene—the dumb blond being converted to committed patriotism by reading the original Constitution and touring Washington's state monuments."
On Metacritic it has a score of 55% based on reviews from 7 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Box office
The film took in $3,427,840 in its first 5 days starting December 21, 1984, playing at 893 theaters in the United States and Canada. It eventually grossed $26,186,631 in the two nations.
References
External links
1980s American films
1984 films
1984 comedy films
1980s English-language films
Films about assassinations
Films set in Washington, D.C.
Films set in Asia
Films set in a fictional country
Films scored by Basil Poledouris
Films directed by Herbert Ross
Warner Bros. films
American comedy films
Films with screenplays by Buck Henry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol%20%28film%29 |
Wildcats is a 1986 American sports comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie and starring Goldie Hawn, James Keach and Swoosie Kurtz. It is the film debut of Wesley Snipes and Woody Harrelson.
Plot
Molly McGrath is the daughter of a famed football coach who is dying to head her own team. When her wish is finally granted, Molly leaves her job coaching girls' track at an affluent high school (Prescott High School) to take over a football team at an inner-city Chicago high school (Central High School)—the kind of place where guard dogs are needed to patrol the campus. At first the new coach's idealism and optimism are suffocated with racial and gender prejudice, but eventually her overriding spirit begins to whip her unruly team into shape. After noticing him at every practice and game, Molly hustles teenage criminal and former star football player Levander ‘Bird’ Williams into rejoining the team which helps build rapport among the team. She also adds the massive and comedic Phillip Finch to the team. At the same time, she must also struggle to win a battle for the custody of her two young daughters. The real test for Molly comes when her Central High team faces Prescott in the city championship.
Cast
Goldie Hawn as Molly McGrath
Swoosie Kurtz as Verna McGrath
Robyn Lively as Alice Needham
Brandy Gold as Marian Needham
James Keach as Frank Needham
Jan Hooks as Stephanie Needham
Bruce McGill as Dan Darwell
Nipsey Russell as Principal Ben Edwards
Mykelti Williamson as Levander "Bird" Williams
Tab Thacker as Phillip Finch
Wesley Snipes as Trumaine
Nick Corri as Cerulo
Woody Harrelson as Krushinski
Willie J. Walton as Marvel
Rodney Hill as Peanut
M. Emmet Walsh as Walt Coes
LL Cool J as Rapper
George Wyner as Principal Walker
Ann Doran as Mrs. Chatham
Gloria Stuart as Mrs. Connoly
Production
Filming
The film used Lane Technical College Prep High School football stadium for some of their shots.
Reception
Box office
The film debuted at No. 4.
Critical response
The film holds a score of 26% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 19 reviews.
Roger Ebert gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4 and wrote, "The filmmakers, the producers and Hawn herself bought the premise instead of looking for the plot. The problem with the movie is that they started with a character description instead of with a story. The fact that Hawn plays a boys' football coach is not in itself interesting. Her relationship with the team would have been interesting, if they'd developed one." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded 1 star out of 4 and called it a "pathetic sports comedy" that represented "another attempt to duplicate the success of Hawn's genuinely funny, monster hit, Private Benjamin." Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote of Hawn that "[t]he film isn't truly a waste of her talents, but neither does it give her a chance to do much more than repeat some familiar tricks."
Variety wrote that Hawn had by now been "reduced to a type" of "the adorable but goofy independent woman," but she "is the least of the problems amid cardboard characters with cardboard conflicts ... Football footage is also surprisingly dull, filmed mostly at close range making it look more like bodies bouncing off each other than a sport." Patrick Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times called it "a good-natured but superficial comedy—sort of a 'Bad News Bears Goes to the Ghetto' ... The movie is such a well-oiled dream machine that it would have been nice if the story, for all its corny charm, had veered off in a more adventuresome or unpredictable direction." Roger Piantadosi of The Washington Post called it "a slick, fitfully charming little comedy that does nothing to deter those of us bent on being fond of Goldie Hawn forever. However, she is pushing her luck."
In 2014, the movie was mentioned by Keli Goff in The Daily Beast in an article concerning white savior narratives in film.
See also
List of American football films
References
External links
1986 films
1980s sports comedy films
American sports comedy films
American teen comedy films
Films directed by Michael Ritchie
Films set in Chicago
Films shot in Chicago
Films scored by James Newton Howard
Films about racism
Films about race and ethnicity
High school football films
1980s high school films
Warner Bros. films
1986 comedy films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
English-language sports comedy films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcats%20%28film%29 |
Bird on a Wire is a 1990 American action comedy film directed by John Badham and starring Mel Gibson and Goldie Hawn. It was shot mainly in British Columbia, Canada. The title refers to the Leonard Cohen song "Bird on the Wire". The alley motorcycle chase scene was filmed in Victoria's Chinatown, in Fan Tan Alley.
Plot
Marianne "Muffie" Graves, a former hippie, is a successful lawyer completing a business deal in Detroit, Michigan. At a gas station, she crosses paths with a man that looks and sounds exactly like her hippie ex-fiancé Rick Jarmin, who disappeared in a plane crash 15 years previously and is presumed dead.
The man pretends to be a Vietnam War veteran and Marianne apologizes, says that Rick would never have served in that war, and then leaves. The terrified man then makes a call saying that he has been recognized and needs to be moved.
15 years earlier, Rick testified against murderous drug-smuggling DEA agent Eugene Sorenson and has been in the witness protection program ever since. Unfortunately, his old handler has retired and the new one, FBI agent Joe Weyburn, is being blackmailed into colluding with Sorenson. Promising to have Rick moved immediately, Weyburn leaks the gas station's address to Sorenson.
Meanwhile, Sorenson has been released on parole; his partner, Albert "Diggs" Diggins, picks him up and they set out to kill Rick for revenge and to smooth the passage of their new dealings with the Colombian drug cartels.
Marianne returns to confront Rick just as Diggs and Sorenson show up at the gas station with shotguns blazing. During the gunfight, Rick gets buckshot in his buttocks and his kindly old boss is killed. Marianne escapes with Rick, but Sorenson and Diggs pin the gas station owner's murder on Rick. They are forced to go on the run as Weyburn wipes out Rick's file and sends police to catch them.
To clear their names, Rick needs to reach his old handler. They use contacts from his former life-in-hiding, including at a beauty salon where he was pretending to be an effeminate gay man and was the star hairdresser, and an old flame, a veterinarian who removes the buckshot.
During a night spent in a hotel room, Rick tells Marianne everything that happened 15 years ago. They share their feelings and have passionate sex.
Reaching the home of his old handler, they find out he has Alzheimer's and thus doesn't remember Rick. Sorenson, Diggs and Weyburn show up, so Rick and Marianne retreat to a nearby zoo where Rick once worked. He releases animals from their cages to assist in their defense, and Diggs is mauled to death by a lion, while Weyburn is eaten by piranhas.
Sorenson winds up electrocuted. Wounded, Rick winds up suspended over a tiger in a cage, requiring Marianne to save him. When she is not quite able to reach him, he offers her the extra incentive of marriage and children, which does the trick. They are then seen boating into the sunset in the Caribbean.
Cast
Mel Gibson as Richard "Rick" Jarmin
Goldie Hawn as Marianne Graves
David Carradine as Eugene Sorenson
Bill Duke as Albert "Diggs" Diggins
Stephen Tobolowsky as Joe Weyburn
Joan Severance as Rachel Varney
Jeff Corey as Lou Baird
Reception
Bird on a Wire gained a mixed to negative reception. Of 47 reviews that Variety considered in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington D.C., only 1 was favorable and 38 were unfavorable. Lor. of Variety called it "an overproduced, tedious road movie". The film holds a 25% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 24 reviews.
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
Box office
Bird on a Wire debuted at number 1 at the US box office with an opening weekend gross of $15.3 million and went on to gross over $138.6 million worldwide against a $20 million budget. It is considered a box office success.
References
External links
1990 films
1990 action comedy films
1990s chase films
1990s crime comedy films
1990 romantic comedy films
American action comedy films
American chase films
American comedy thriller films
American romantic comedy films
American crime comedy films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by John Badham
Films scored by Hans Zimmer
Films set in Detroit
Films set in Michigan
Films shot in Vancouver
Interscope Communications films
Universal Pictures films
Films about witness protection
1990s American films
English-language action comedy films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20on%20a%20Wire%20%28film%29 |
Deceived is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Damian Harris. The script was written by Mary Agnes Donoghue and rewritten by Bruce Joel Rubin. Goldie Hawn and John Heard star, as a happily married couple whose lives are disrupted when secrets from the past are revealed.
Plot
Adrienne Saunders is happily married to her art dealer husband, Jack. They have a daughter named Mary. After the local museum curator is mysteriously murdered, Jack falls under suspicion of selling forged treasures to the museum. Jack has to suddenly go to Boston on a work related trip, but Adrienne hears from a friend that she thought she saw Jack in town. Adrienne confronts him, but he denies being in town. As pressure mounts on Jack over a forged relic, Adrienne receives word from the police that Jack died in a car accident. In trying to wrap up Jack's affairs, Adrienne begins to suspect that her husband was not who he claimed to be. When she sees a high school yearbook picture of her husband attributed to a man named Frank Sullivan, she realizes that she has been deceived.
She tracks down Jack's cousin, Evelyn, who confirms that Frank and Jack were inseparable in high school. After Jack died, she never saw Frank again. Evelyn explains that Frank's father was an alcoholic and that his mother worked as a toll booth operator. She directs Adrienne to Frank's mother, who lives in a rundown Brooklyn apartment. Frank's mother, Rosalie, bitterly receives the news of her granddaughter, telling Adrienne that Frank was always selfish and never looked in on her.
A stalker lurks at Adrienne's loft. He comes in to Adrienne's bed while she is asleep and caresses her. He watches Mary, who is spooked by the man in her room at night. One day, as the housekeeper finishes her chores, she surprises the stalker. He leaves her almost dead in the bathroom and ransacks the apartment.
At work, Adrienne gets an urgent message from Mrs. Sullivan and rushes to her apartment. When she arrives, the door is open, and Mrs. Sullivan is nowhere to be found. "Jack" appears, and Adrienne slaps him for his cruelty. Jack explains that when his friend died, he was distraught and fell into Jack's identity during the mourning process. He reveals that a man named Dan Sherman is blackmailing him. Jack faked his death to escape, knowing that he would have to give up his life with Adrienne and Mary. He tells her that Sherman is insistent on having an Egyptian necklace in their apartment, and he asks Adrienne to look for it. As she leaves the apartment, Jack watches her from the window beside the body of his murdered mother.
During her search for the necklace, Adrienne discovers a Parks Department photo ID. It bears her husband's picture and the name Dan Sherman. She tracks down an address and pays a surprise visit to the house. A pregnant Mrs. Sherman is on the phone and lets her in, thinking she is with a moving company. Adrienne looks around the house and sees wedding pictures of her husband with Mrs. Sherman. In a photo album, she sees a picture of Mary, who Mrs. Sherman says is her husband's dead sister. The person on the phone is Jack, who asks her to give the phone to Adrienne.
He congratulates Adrienne on tracking down his new life and reveals that he has kidnapped Mary. Mary traded the necklace to another girl, and Jack instructs Adrienne to retrieve it and meet him at their loft to exchange Mary for the necklace. At the loft, Adrienne asks to see Mary, and Jack explains that she is downstairs playing in the car. When Adrienne tries to go see her, Jack pins her against a wall and demands the necklace first. Adrienne stabs him and flees. After a long chase throughout a construction area, Jack corners her in the freight elevator. He reveals his true nature as always doing "what comes next" no matter how difficult it is. Adrienne lures Jack into the elevator shaft, where he falls to his death; Adrienne had been holding on to an unseen elevator cable to give the illusion of being in the elevator car. Later, Adrienne and Mary pack up to move out of the loft and start a new life somewhere else.
Cast
Goldie Hawn as Adrienne Saunders
John Heard as Frank Sullivan / Jack Saunders / Dan Sherman
Robin Bartlett as Charlotte, Adrienne's Business Partner
Ashley Peldon as Mary Saunders
Beatrice Straight as Adrienne's Mother
George R. Robertson as Adrienne's Father
Tom Irwin as Harvey Schwartz
Jan Rubeš as Tomasz
Anais Granofsky as Ellen
Heidi Von Palleske as Mrs. Peabody
Stanley Anderson as Detective Kinsella
Francesca Butler as Lillian
Bruce MacVittie as Social Security Man
Amy Wright as Evelyn Saunders
Kate Reid as Rosalie Sullivan
Production
Shooting took place in Toronto from January 22 until April 16, 1991. Mary Agnes Donoghue wrote the initial screenplay. Donoghue was inspired by the thought of having a safe, middle-class life turn out to be a complete lie. When Donoghue declined to make changes to the script, Bruce Joel Rubin was hired, under the pen name "Derek Saunders".
Box office
The film opened at number 3 in the US and grossed $4.3 million in its first week. Its final gross in the US was $28.7 million.
Reception
Deceived gained a 38% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews; the average rating is 5/10. Reviewers criticized the film for its illogical and predictable plot. Roger Ebert wrote, "Deceived opens with an ancient thriller formula, elevates itself to passages of genuine suspense, and then ends with a climax so absurd that it takes a real effort of memory to recall that parts of the movie were really pretty good."
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.
References
External links
1990s mystery thriller films
1990s psychological thriller films
American mystery thriller films
American psychological thriller films
1990s English-language films
Films set in New York City
Films shot in Toronto
Touchstone Pictures films
Films scored by Thomas Newman
Films with screenplays by Bruce Joel Rubin
Matricide in fiction
Films directed by Damian Harris
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deceived |
CrissCross is a 1992 American drama film directed by Chris Menges and written by Scott Sommer, based on his homonymous novel. It stars Goldie Hawn, Arliss Howard, Keith Carradine, Steve Buscemi, and David Arnott.
Plot
Divorced mom Tracy Cross (Hawn) raises her 12-year-old son, Christopher (Arnott), in Key West in 1969 around the time of the Apollo 11 Moon landing. Chris narrates the film in voice-over and talks about his "screwed up" life living with his mother in a cheap hotel. Chris' father (Carradine) was an Annapolis trained fighter pilot who had served in Vietnam. However, he became seriously disturbed after bombing a civilian hospital and burned his uniform as a "killer's costume". Falling into alcoholism, he deserts Chris and Tracy moving into a commune separating himself from society. Chris hasn't seen his father in three years but still loves him deeply.
Chris delivers papers and fish to help support his mother who works as a bartender and waitress. He unwittingly discovers that there are drugs hidden in the fish he is delivering and becomes a small-time drug dealer out of desperation when he finds his mother, Tracy, has resorted to working as a stripper to support them. She is ashamed when he confronts her with this, but she tells him that sometimes in life one has to do what is not good to get what is. Chris visits his father in the commune and attempts to get him to reconcile with Tracy but to no avail.
A stranger, Joe (Howard), comes to town and strikes up a relationship with Tracy. This further disturbs her son. Joe turns out to be a law-enforcement undercover agent, working to bring down the drug ring. His relationship with Tracy and her son complicates matters as the time comes to make the arrest. Chris narrowly escapes being killed when he delivers the drugs and it degenerates into a shootout. In the end, he spends the night in jail and is put on probation learning a valuable lesson. He and Tracy move into a mobile home park and she retires from stripping.
The Apollo Moon landing is mentioned throughout the film as a sort of metaphor and Chris mentions in the end how happy the astronauts must have been to have returned to the Earth no matter how screwed up it is.
Cast
David Arnott as Chris Cross
Goldie Hawn as Tracy Cross
Arliss Howard as Joe
Keith Carradine as John Cross
James Gammon as Emmitt
Steve Buscemi as Louis, The Drug Dealer
Location
Some scenes were shot in the Miami/Key West surrounding areas. The Spanish monastery in the film is in North Miami and was brought to Miami from Spain in thousands of numbered individual stone blocks and re-built stone by stone.
References
External links
1992 films
1992 drama films
Films about drugs
Films directed by Chris Menges
Films shot in Florida
Films set in 1969
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films scored by Trevor Jones
Films about mother–son relationships
1990s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrissCross |
Lil' Devil Coaster (formerly Road Runner Railway) is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. The ride opened in 1999 as Road Runner Railway, but was reintroduced as Lil’ Devil Coaster in 2021. It was manufactured by Zamperla of Italy and is a small, kiddie coaster located in the Jr. Thrill Seekers section of the park. It is themed to the Jersey Devil to fit in with the nearby Jersey Devil Coaster.
History
Road Runner Railway (1999 - 2019)
As part of the park's "War on Lines", the park added the kiddie roller coaster. Manufactured by Zamperla, the coaster was the first coaster for children since the removal of the park's Lil' Thunder kiddie coaster in 1983.
After the 2019 season, the ride was temporarily removed due to the upcoming addition of Jersey Devil Coaster.
Lil Devil Coaster (2021 - present)
On July 8, 2021, the park officially announced the ride as the park's 14th coaster, which would be a re-theme and relocation of the ride, themed similarly to the coaster that replaced it. The new ride would feature orange track with red supports. Later that year, the park re-opened the ride in time for their Fright Fest halloween event.
References
Six Flags Great Adventure
Roller coasters operated by Six Flags
Roller coasters introduced in 1999
Roller coasters introduced in 2021
Roller coasters in New Jersey
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
1999 establishments in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil%27%20Devil%20Coaster |
Father Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology (FCRIT) is a private engineering college affiliated to the University of Mumbai located in Vashi, Navi Mumbai. The institute offers the B.E degree courses in Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Information Technology.
Accreditation and affiliation
FCRIT is a private, un-aided, minority, non-autonomous institute affiliated to the University of Mumbai. It offers a four-year baccalaureate course culminating in the B.E. degree conferred by the university. The institute has been graded "A" by the Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Maharashtra State. It is recognised by the AICTE and has received accreditation from the National Board of Accreditation(NBA), New Delhi.
History
FCRIT was established in 1994 as a part of the Agnel Technical Education Complex at Vashi, which itself was established in 1984. The institute is named after late Rev. Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues, who died in odour of sanctity.
Admissions
The admission process is highly competitive and is undertaken as per the directives of the Directorate of Technical Education(DTE), Maharashtra State.
Eligibility criteria
For admission to the FCRIT, prospective candidates from the native state of Maharashtra need to pass their Higher Secondary (School) Certificate / Standard XII examination of the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education or its equivalent from CBSE or CISCE. All prospective candidates need to have had the subjects of English, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics in their curriculum and should have obtained a minimum of 50% marks in the Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry) and Mathematics added together.
Prospective candidates from outside the state of Maharashtra can also apply provided they satisfy the required eligibility criteria.
Entrance test
Prospective students need to take the Maharashtra Engineering Common Entrance Test or MAH-EN-CET. The MAH-EN-CET consists of only one common exam that is divided into 3 sections - physics, chemistry and mathematics with 50 multiple choice questions in each. The total score in these sections taken together decides the merit list for the exam in a given year. The syllabus for preparing for the MAH-EN-CET is the same as the Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education for the Higher Secondary (School) Certificate / Standard XII examination conducted in the current academic year. This merit list is used as a differentiating factor for admissions to FCRIT.
The All India Engineering Entrance Examination or AIEEE held by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) under guidance of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (India) is also accepted as an alternative.
Placements
The placement program starts in the month of June or July every year and students who have completed three years of the four-year course are eligible to register. The program spans more than a year and runs through the final year of the course for a batch of students.
The institute claims to have a nearly 100% conversion ratio of eligible students to company offers. The placement activities are looked after by faculty placement officers and student coordinators. The central placement cell is located in the administrative block, south of the reception.
A list of recent recruiters is also available on the institute's website.
Related links
University of Mumbai
Agnel Ashram
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering (FCRCE)
References
External links
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology (FCRIT), Vashi
FCRIT Alumni Association
University of Mumbai - official website
Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra State
All India Council for Technical Education
National Board of Accreditation
Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering (FCRCE), Bandra
Education in Navi Mumbai
Engineering colleges in Mumbai
Affiliates of the University of Mumbai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr.%20Conceicao%20Rodrigues%20Institute%20of%20Technology |
The Out-of-Towners may refer to:
The Out-of-Towners (1970 film), starring Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis
The Out-of-Towners (1999 film), starring Goldie Hawn and Steve Martin
The Out-of-Towners (album), a 2004 album by Standards Trio
The Out-of-Towners (The A-Team), an episode of the American television series The A-Team | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Out-of-Towners |
Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway is a motorsport racetrack located at the Nashville Fairgrounds near downtown Nashville, Tennessee. The track is the second-oldest continually operating track in the United States. The track held NASCAR Grand National/Winston Cup (now NASCAR Cup Series) races from 1958 to 1984.
Track configuration
The speedway is currently an 18 degree banked paved oval. The track is long. Inside the larger oval is a paved oval.
The track was converted to a paved oval in 1957, when it began to be a NASCAR series track. The speedway was lengthened between the 1969 and 1970 seasons. The corners were cut down from 35 degrees to their present 18 degrees in 1972. The track was repaved between the 1995 and 1996 seasons.
Track history
The track first featured "horseless carriages" and motorcycles on June 11, 1904, on a dirt oval. Races were canceled after a motorcycle ran into the back of a car that was lining up. Harness horse racing events were also held at the track.
In September 1904 another series of races was organized. Most of the entrants came directly to Nashville from the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. Racing pioneer Barney Oldfield was one of the entrants. People marveled at cars driving over .
The track began holding annual events in September 1915 to coincide with the state fair. Many of the same drivers from the Indianapolis 500 brought their cars down to Nashville.
Local tracks sprang up and began running weekly Saturday night shows (collectively called the "Legion Bowl"), and the local racers competed at the track for the 1954 through 1957 State Fairs. In 1958 car racers decided to build a paved racetrack. The racers ended opposition from horse racers by building a horse track. The racers got a 10-year lease from the state fair board in order to build a paved mile track which shared the frontstretch with a mile track. On July 19, 1958, the first race was held at the new speedway. Races were held only on the mile track (except for special events).
A 1959 NASCAR Grand National race of 200 laps in 1959 was unique; it was the first time an entire starting field (12 of 12 cars) finished the race, one of four instances it has happened in Cup Series history. That would not happen again until 36 years later, when the entire field at the 1995 Tyson Holly Farms 400 finished the race.
The original cars (since 1948) were 1930s model cars called "Modified Specials". By 1964 the parts for cars were too hard to find, so the track changed to newer 1950s model cars called "Late Model Modifieds". Some of the early stars of the track decided to retire.
1960s
The 1960s also frequently brought drivers from outside Nashville, most notably the Alabama Gang. The Alabama Gang (from Hueytown, Alabama) included future NASCAR legends Bobby Allison, Donnie Allison, and Nashville native Red Farmer.
Coo Coo Marlin was the first back-to-back champion in 1965/1966. 1968 champion P.B. Crowell decided to retire, and hired the talented young Darrell Waltrip to drive his car. Country music legend Marty Robbins raced often at the track in his signature purple and yellow race cars.
Several changes happened at the track in the 1960s. Lights were added to the mile track in 1965, and races in the main division moved to the big track. A fire burned the grandstands at the 1965 State Fair. Weekly Tuesday night races were added, and fans were awed by the crazy Figure-8 drivers barely missing each other as they crossed each other's paths. New grandstands were built and the track was lengthened (and banked to 35 degrees) in 1969.
1970s
The bankings in the corners proved to be too fast, so the banking was reduced to 18 degrees. The new ownership decided to hold no weekly races in 1979.
The 1970s also featured talented drivers that would progress to NASCAR's highest division. Second generation drivers Sterling Marlin (son of Coo Coo) and Steve Spencer (NASCAR) Mike Alexander (NASCAR) (son of car owner R.C.) were all track champions. Alabama Gang member Jimmy Means took the track title home to Alabama in 1974 before he moved on to NASCAR's Winston Cup.
1980s
The track returned to hosting weekly races in 1980. In 1984, the top NASCAR series fielded its final race at the facility after disputes with city government and track management. The new headline division featured smaller Camaro-type bodies called "Late Model Stock Cars". The new division caught on slowly, and only 13 drivers competed in the first race. The division finally caught on in 1987. NASCAR stars that raced in 1987 or 1988 included Bobby Allison, Sterling Marlin, Mike Alexander, Darrell Waltrip, Bill Elliott, and Dale Earnhardt. Third generation driver Bobby Hamilton won track championships in 1987 and 1988.
1990s
The 1990 season was dominated by Jeff Green. Mike Reynolds won the 1991 track championship. Mike Alexander won the 1992 track championship. Chad Chaffin won the 1993 and 1995 track championships. Andy Kirby won the 1994, 1996, and 1997 track championships. Joe Buford won the 1998 and 1999 track championships.
The ARCA Racing Series held a 200-lap race in 1992. In 1995, the track returned to the NASCAR circuit, hosting a yearly Busch Series race and, later, a yearly Craftsman Truck Series race. Those races would move to the new Nashville Superspeedway in 2001.
2000s
The track was renamed "Music City Motorplex" for 2003 by new promoter Joe Mattioli III, whose family owns Pocono Raceway and South Boston Speedway.
The 2007 schedule featured races in NASCAR's two regional series, the Busch East Series and Whelen Southern Modified Tour.
In 2009, Music City Motorplex was to host an ARCA RE/MAX Series event on June 20, but it was announced on February 20, 2009 that the race would be moved to Mansfield Motorsports Park in Mansfield, Ohio.
In 2009, the track's prestigious All American 400 was canceled and not rescheduled because of severe rain and political issues with Nashville mayor Karl Dean, who wanted the track and the Tennessee State Fairgrounds closed in order to redevelop the site. A ballot measure protecting the track was passed and the track continued to operate.
2010s and 2020s
The All American 400 was resurrected for 2012. It was cancelled in 2018, but returned in 2019. The CRA Super Series and Southern Super Series also race at the track. The ARCA Menards Series has visited the venue since 2015 with a 200-lap race titled the Music City 200. The World of Outlaws Sprint Car Series had a doubleheader race in 2019, with the quarter-mile track covered in dirt.
In December 2018, then-track operator Tony Formosa, Jr. reached an agreement with Speedway Motorsports and its main Tennessee track Bristol Motor Speedway to co-operate the facility and make the necessary upgrades for the track to host NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series races again and continue to host weekly racing events.
Speedway Motorsports is in talks with Nashville council about bringing NASCAR sanctioned events back to the facility, as well as renovating the track. In December 2021, Speedway Motorsports reached a agreement in principle with Mayor John Cooper on a plan to revitalize and bring the NASCAR Cup Series back to the speedway.
Races
NASCAR Cup Series
The track held at least one Cup race each year from 1958 to 1984.
A capacity crowd of 13,998 watched Joe Weatherly win the first NASCAR race on August 10, 1958.
Geoff Bodine beat Darrell Waltrip for his second career win in the last Cup Series event at the track, the second win for the upstart All Star Racing, now known as Hendrick Motorsports.
NASCAR left the track because of a dispute over who would manage the track took place prior to the start of the 1985 season.
Of the 42 Cup races, nine were won by Richard Petty and eight by Darrell Waltrip. Waltrip won five of the last seven races held at the track between 1981 and 1984. Waltrip's victory in the 1988 Busch Series event gave him nine total NASCAR wins at the track. Counting NASCAR, USAC, ASA, and local track races, Waltrip holds the all-time track record for wins with 67.
NASCAR Busch Series
The track held nine Busch Series races in 1984, 1988, 1989, and from 1995 to 2000. The track was replaced on the schedule by the newly opened Nashville Superspeedway for 2001.
NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
The track held five Craftsman Truck Series events between 1996 and 2000, known as the Federated Auto Parts 250. It was held in August from 1996 to 1998 and in 2000 and in July in 1999. The track was replaced on the schedule by the newly opened Nashville Superspeedway for 2001.
Winners
1996: Dave Rezendes
1997: Jack Sprague
1998: Jimmy Hensley
1999: Dennis Setzer
2000: Randy Tolsma
All American 400
The All American 400 is a 400-lap, 240-mile super late model stock car race held at the Fairgrounds since 1981. However, some editions were shortened to 300 laps (180 miles), with 100 laps being used as qualifying races.
Originally it was co-sanctioned between the All Pro Super Series (later the NASCAR Southeast Series) and the American Speed Association. In 1991, the NASCAR Southeast Series took over the race until the 2000 edition. The race returned in 2003 as part of the ARCA/CRA Super Series. The 2023 will be co-sanctioned by the new ASA STARS National Tour.
Winners
1981: Butch Lindley
1982: Bob Senneker
1983: Jim Sauter
1984: Gary Balough
1985: Rusty Wallace
1986: Gary Balough
1987: Darrell Waltrip
1988: Butch Miller
1989: Butch Miller
1990: Gary St. Amant
1991: Jeff Purvis
1992: Jeff Purvis
1993: Mike Garvey
1994: Bobby Gill
1995: Jeff Purvis
1996: Wayne Anderson
1997: Freddie Query
1998: Freddie Query
1999: Wayne Anderson
2000: Mike Garvey
2001-2002: Not held
2003: Brian Hoppe
2004: Chuck Barnes Jr.
2005: Jason Hogan
2006: Boris Jurkovic
2007: John Van Doorn
2008: Chris Gabehart
2009: Not held
2010: TJ Reaid
2011: Not held
2012: Ross Kenseth
2013: Chase Elliott
2014: John Hunter Nemechek
2015: Daniel Hemric
2016: Bubba Pollard
2017: Donnie Wilson
2018: Not held (rain)
2019: Mason Mingus
2020: Casey Roderick
2021: Matt Craig
2022: Stephen Nasse
Other races
The ARCA Menards Series first visited the Fairgrounds in 1992, then had an annual race from 2015 to 2019. The ARCA Menards Series East took over the date in 2021.
The venue hosted a round of the American Speed Association from 1998 to 1999 and then in 2003.
The Hooters Pro Cup Series raced at the track in 2003 and 2004. Its successor the CARS Super Late Model Tour has an annual race since 2018.
Superstar Racing Experience announced that their final race of the 2021 season would be hosted by the track. Guest drivers for the event would be NASCAR driver Hailie Deegan and defending Cup Series champion Chase Elliott.
List of notable weekly drivers
Mike Alexander – 2 time track champion and current car owner
Casey Atwood – 1996 Rookie of the Year, former weekly competitor
Bunkie Blackburn – regular weekly competitor
Joe Buford – 4 time track champion
Chad Chaffin – 2 time track champion and current car owner
Mark Day – 2006 track champion
Jeff Green – 1 time champion
Clay Greenfield – NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series driver, competing in the Pro Late Model series and Super Truck series with two wins in 2019
Bobby Hamilton – 2 time track champion (plus 2 time champion in a lower division)
Andy Kirby – 3 time track champion
Coo Coo Marlin – 4 time track champion
Steadman Marlin – Grandson of Coo Coo Marlin, son of Sterling Marlin, former Busch series driver, former weekly competitor
Sterling Marlin – 3 time track champion, former weekly competitor
Steve Spencer – 1 time track Champion, Rookie of the Year, Tennessee State Champion, track record holder
Jimmy Means – 1 time track champion, former weekly competitor
Harold Ferguson – 1 time track champion, former weekly competitor
Jeremy Mayfield – former weekly competitor
Chase Montgomery – ran the full 2000 season
Deborah Renshaw – became the first woman to ever lead a NASCAR sanctioned series when the young woman climbed to the top of the points standings at Fairgrounds Speedway at Nashville.
Darrell Waltrip – 2 time track champion
Use in gaming
The track was used in the Grand National Expansion Pack for Sierra's NASCAR Racing 2 game and was later converted for use in NASCAR Racing 1999 Edition, NASCAR4, NASCAR 2002 and NASCAR 2003. In October 2019, iRacing scanned the facility to be added into their service for their 2020 Season 4 release in September 2020. The track is also featured in SRX: The Game, released in 2021.
See also
Geodis Park – Soccer stadium opened in 2022 located adjacent to the speedway.
References
External links
Official website
Restore Nashville Fargrounds Speedway from Speedway Motorsports
Nashville420.com – NASCAR Races 1958–1984
Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway at Racing Reference
NASCAR tracks
ARCA Menards Series tracks
Sports venues in Nashville, Tennessee
NASCAR races at Fairgrounds Speedway
Motorsport venues in Tennessee
1904 establishments in Tennessee
Sports venues completed in 1904
Motorsport in Nashville, Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville%20Fairgrounds%20Speedway |
Iris Marion Young (2 January 1949 – 1 August 2006) was an American political theorist and socialist feminist who focused on the nature of justice and social difference. She served as Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and was affiliated with the Center for Gender Studies and the Human Rights program there. Her research covered contemporary political theory, feminist social theory, and normative analysis of public policy. She believed in the importance of political activism and encouraged her students to involve themselves in their communities.
Early life
Young was born in New York City and studied philosophy and graduated with honors at Queens College. She was awarded a Master's degree and PhD in philosophy by Pennsylvania State University in 1974.
Career
Before coming to the University of Chicago she taught political theory for nine years in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, and before then taught philosophy at several institutions, including the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and Miami University. During the summer term of 1995 Young was a visiting professor of philosophy at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany. Young held visiting fellowships at several universities and institutes around the world, including the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna, the Australian National University, the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, and the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa.
Philosophical contributions
Young's interests ranged broadly, including contemporary theories of justice; democracy and difference; feminist political theory; continental political theory including Michel Foucault and Jürgen Habermas; ethics and international affairs; gender, race and public policy.
Social groups and the politics of difference
Central to Young's philosophy is the contention that concepts of justice were not limited to individual desert. Instead, the recognition of social groups was essential to redressing structural inequalities. Because the social rules, laws, and institutional routines constraining certain people constrain them as a group, and because our awareness of injustice almost universally compares classes of people rather than individuals directly, our evaluations of inequality and injustice must recognize the salience of social groups as constituent of a complete theory of justice.
Young's recognition of social groups impelled her to argue for a post-liberal "politics of difference," in which equal treatment of individuals does not override the redress of group-based oppression. Young contrasted her approach with contemporary liberal political philosophers like John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin, who she claims conflate the moral equivalence of people with procedural rules that treat all people equally.
Five faces of oppression
Among Young's most widely disseminated ideas is her model of the "five faces of oppression", first published in Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990), in which she presented a relational approach to the question of justice, based upon a group theory of oppression. Synthesizing feminist, queer, poststructuralist, and post-colonial critiques of classical Marxism, Young argued at least five distinct types of oppression could not be collapsed into more fundamental causes, and furthermore could not be reduced to dimensions of distributive justice. Her "five faces" are:
Exploitation
Marginalization
Powerlessness
Cultural domination
Violence
Embodied phenomenology
One of Young's most well-known essays is "Throwing Like a Girl: A Phenomenology of Feminine Body Comportment Motility and Spatiality," first published in Human Studies (1980). In it she explores differences in feminine and masculine movement in the context of a gendered and embodied phenomenological perspective based on ideas from Simone de Beauvoir and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. She discusses how girls are socialized and conditioned to restrict their body movement and think of their bodies as fragile, which then has repercussions for their confidence in accomplishing tasks and goals later in life. The essay also serves as a critique and extension of Simone de Beauvoir's ideas of 'immanence' and 'transcendence'.
Structural Injustice
One of Young's contributions, of particular importance to moral and political philosophy, global ethics and global justice are the concepts of structural injustice and its associated approach to responsibility: the social connection model. In an idea developed at length in Responsibility for Justice, a collection of Young's work published after her death as well as in several other writings, Young argues that structural (social) injustice "exists when social processes put large categories of persons under a systematic threat of domination or deprivation of the means to develop and exercise their capacities, at the same time as these processes enable others to dominate or have a wide range of opportunities for developing and exercising their capacities". Because most of us are implicated at some level in contributing to structural injustice, this also gives rise to what Young calls a social connection model of responsibility. In this model, we are to ask ourselves how agents and institutions are to think of themselves in relation to structural injustice. This is starkly contrasted with a 'liability for harm' model of responsibility, which is more focused on finding guilt, blame or fault for a particular harm. According to Young, the main reason why the liability model fails to address structural injustice is that structures are produced and reproduced by a large number of people acting within accepted norms, rules and practices, and so harm cannot always be traced back to the actions or motivations of particular individuals. The social connection model, in contrast, is forward-looking suggesting that all those who contribute through their actions to structural processes that result in injustice have a (political) responsibility to remedy that injustice. In this, she departs from and contrasts her approach to other political philosophers such as John Rawls and David Miller and the focus on distributive and statist approaches to justice, and draws much inspiration from Hannah Arendt's work.
Young applied her model of responsibility to a wide range of real-world scenarios, but perhaps most to global labour justice. For example, in connection to the unjust conditions of sweatshop labour, and the political responsibility of consumers in high income countries to remedy it. The social connection model has five main features. It is (1) Not isolating (unlike the liability model which seeks to define specific liable actors), it (2) judges the background conditions that other models would find normal or acceptable, it is (3) forward-looking not backward-looking, it is a model of (4) shared responsibilities, and it can only be (5) discharged through collective action (e.g. through community engagement rather than personal action).
Later life
Iris married David Alexander, and gave birth to a daughter, Morgen Alexander-Young.
After an 18-month struggle with esophageal cancer, Young died at her home in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago on 1 August 2006 at the age of 57.
Memoriam activities
In recognition of her work with the Center for Gender Studies at the University of Chicago, the center's distinguished faculty lecture series was renamed in her honor in November 2006. In addition, the University of Pittsburgh Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies Program, in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, created the Iris Marion Young Award for Political Engagement in 2008 to honor Young's memory and to recognize faculty/staff, graduate, and undergraduate members of the university who impact the community.
Young was also honored at Penn State University through a series of gifts which created the Iris Marion Young Diversity Scholar Award as part of the association for Feminist Ethics and Social Theory's and the Rock Ethics Institute's Philosophy in an Inclusive Key Summer Institute. This Institute is designed to encourage undergraduate students from under-represented groups to consider future study in the field of philosophy. Students who are part of this summer institute are awarded the Iris Marion Young Diversity Award and their studies during the institute include her work.
In 2009, the Oxford University Press published an edited volume dedicated to Young's philosophy titled Dancing with Iris: The Philosophy of Iris Marion Young.
The American Political Science Association awards the Okin-Young Award in Feminist Political Theory, named in honor of Young and Susan Moller Okin.
Selected bibliography
Books
(Conference proceedings)
Chapters in books
Articles
Young, Iris Marion (1980). "Throwing Like a Girl: A Phenomenology of Feminine Body Comportment Motility and Spatiality". Human Studies 3 (2): 137–156. JSTOR 20008753.
Young, Iris Marion (Spring 1994). "Gender as Seriality: Thinking about Women as a Social Collective." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. University of Chicago Press. 19 (3): 713–738.
Archibugi, Daniele and Young, Iris Marion (2002) "Envisioning a Global Rule of Law", Eurozine, 14 June 2002.
Her writings have been translated into several languages, including German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Swedish and Croatian, and she lectured widely in North America, Europe, Australia and South Africa.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Memorial Website from Chicago Political Theory Graduate Student Caucus
Philosophy in an Inclusive Key Summer Institute
1949 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
American political philosophers
American women political scientists
American political scientists
American women philosophers
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Miami University faculty
Scholars of nationalism
University of Chicago faculty
Feminist philosophers
Socialist feminists
21st-century American women
20th-century political scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris%20Marion%20Young |
The Gaza–Jericho Agreement, officially called Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area, was a follow-up treaty to the Oslo I Accord in which details of Palestinian autonomy were concluded. The agreement is commonly known as the 1994 Cairo Agreement. It was signed on 4 May 1994 by Yasser Arafat and the then Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
History
The Agreement provided for limited Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip within five years. Pursuant to the Agreement, Israel promised to withdraw partly from the Jericho region in the West Bank and partly from the Gaza Strip, within three weeks of signing. The Palestinian Authority was created by the Agreement (Article III, Transfer of Authority), and Yasser Arafat became the first president of the PA on 5 July 1994 upon the formal inauguration of the PA.
Other parts of the agreement were the Protocol on Economic Relations (Paris Protocol) and the establishment of the Palestinian Civil Police Force. The Paris Protocol regulates the economic relationship between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, but in effect integrates the Palestinian economy into the Israeli one.
The agreement was incorporated into and superseded by the Oslo II Accord, formally known as the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip of 24 and 28 September 1995 (Oslo II, Article XXXI, Final Clauses).
See also
Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron
Wye River Memorandum
References
External links
Text on ProCon: 1994 Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area
Text on unispal: Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area
Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of the State of Palestine
1994 in Israel
Treaties concluded in 1994
1994 in the Palestinian territories | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho%20Agreement |
Jessica Lal (5 January 1965 – 30 April 1999) was a model in New Delhi who was working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded socialite party when she was shot dead at around 2:00 am on 30 April 1999. Dozens of witnesses pointed to Siddharth Vashisht, also known as Manu Sharma, the son of Venod Sharma, a wealthy and influential Member of Parliament from Haryana, as the murderer. Manu Sharma was later convicted for the murder and sentenced to life.
In the first trial, Manu Sharma was acquitted, leading to a huge uproar in the country, despite strong circumstantial evidence to convict the accused, questioning the acquittal, claiming it was not based on merit.
Following intense media and public pressure, the prosecution appealed and the Delhi High Court conducted proceedings on a fast track with daily hearings conducted over 25 days. The trial court judgment was overturned, and Manu Sharma was found guilty of having murdered Lal. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on 20 December 2006. On 2 June 2020 Manu Sharma was released from Tihar Jail by Delhi LG on grounds of good behavior.
Murder
On 29 April 1999, Lal was one of several models working at an unlicensed bar at a party in a restaurant overlooking the Qutub Minar in Mehrauli. The bar ran out of liquor at midnight which it only served till 12.30 am. After midnight, Manu Sharma walked in with three friends and demanded to be served liquor, offering 1000 for it. Lal refused to do so and Sharma then fired a .22 calibre pistol at the ceiling as an intimidatory act. Lal refused again, after which Sharma fired again and the second bullet hit Lal in the head, killing her.
Due to confusion, a fight followed the shooting, during which Sharma and his friends — Amardeep Singh Gill, Vikas Yadav, and Alok Khanna — left the scene.
Arrests
Soon after the shooting, contact could not be made with Sharma's family and the family was absconding. After eluding police for a few days Khanna and Gill were arrested on 4 May and Sharma on 6 May with the assistance of accomplices. The murder weapon was not recovered and was thought to have been passed on to a friend who had been visiting from the US and who may subsequently have returned there.
The case by now involved several prominent people. Manu Sharma himself was the son of Venod Sharma, an Indian National Congress member, who subsequently resigned from INC. Yadav was the son of state politician, D. P. Yadav. Bina Ramani was a socialite and fashion designer who had redeveloped the premises of the shooting. Her daughter Malini Ramani knew Lal as a fellow-model. Singh managed the distribution of Maaza in Chandigarh.
Amit Jhigan, an accomplice of Sharma, was arrested on 8 May and charged with conspiring to destroy evidence, as it was believed that he had retrieved the pistol from its original hiding place near the bar. While he was remanded in custody, Yadav was still at large and it had also proved impossible to locate his father, who had promised to deliver his son to the police.
Ramani, her husband, and her daughter Malini were arrested on the same day as Jhigan. They were charged with operating an illegal bar and, although released on bail, had to surrender their passports. There were several lines of inquiry regarding the family, including whether or not Ramani — a UK national — had the necessary permits to operate a business in India. Another concern was to establish whether or not she had concealed evidence by ordering the cleaning up of blood at the premises, although by 19 May it had been announced that charges relating to this alleged destruction of evidence could not be brought.
Yadav was able to obtain Anticipatory bail and presented himself to Delhi police on 19 May without arrest. He claimed to have been in Mumbai and elsewhere during the previous few weeks, and refused to comment regarding whether he had been in contact with his father. He admitted that Sharma had stayed with him on the night of the murder but denied being present himself at the Tamarind Club or having any knowledge of the events that had occurred there until the next day, when he told Sharma to surrender to the police.
Subsequently, he had short spells in custody and longer periods when he was freed on bail, with decisions and overturnings of them being made in various court hearings.
First trial
Charge sheets were filed with the court on 3 August 1999. Sharma was charged with murder, destruction of evidence and other offences, while Khanna, Gill and Yadav faced lesser charges, including destruction of evidence, conspiracy and harbouring a suspect. Others similarly charged were Shyam Sunder Sharma, Amit Jhingan, Yograj Singh, Harvinder Chopra, Vikas Gill, Raja Chopra, Ravinder Krishan Sudan and Dhanraj. The last three named had not yet been apprehended.
Seven years after the case was opened, on 21 February 2006, nine of the twelve accused were acquitted, including Sharma. Jhingan had already been discharged and both Ravinder Kishan Sudan and Dhanraj, were still at large. The prosecution had been affected by 32 of their witnesses becoming "hostile". These included Shayan Munshi, Andleeb Sehgal, Karan Rajput, Shiv Lal Yadav and two ballistics experts, Roop Singh and Prem Sagar. After which, in February 2011, it was announced that all 32 would be facing charges of perjury.
The trial judge commented after the outcome that
The Hindu newspaper also reported that the judge was aware that the prosecution was not assisted by the hostility of their witnesses, three of whom had seen the shooting, and by the fact that forensic examination contradicted police claims that two cartridges found at the scene were fired from the same weapon. Finally, the judge believed that the police had failed to provide a sufficient explanation of the chain of events which led up to the killing.
Reaction to acquittal
The reaction to the verdict was one of outcry. The New York Times described the situation a fortnight later There were numerous protest campaigns, including ones involving SMS and email, seeking to obtain redress for the perceived miscarriage of justice. Rallies and marches took place, as well as candlelit vigils. The protests and candle light vigils were led by Prabhloch Singh, the founder of an organization called the "Middle Finger Protests", also known as "Human Rights Protection Group" from Manu Sharma's hometown Chandigarh.
V. N. Khare, a former Chief Justice of India, implicitly criticized the trial judge, saying that it should have been an "open and shut" case and that
The Delhi police commissioner announced an investigation to determine where things had gone wrong, and said that among other things it would examine whether there had been a conspiracy, including possibly by tampering with the evidence.
Appeal and conviction in High Court
The police petitioned the High Court for a review of the case and on 22 March 2006 the court issued warrants against the nine defendants who had stood trial. Eight of them were subsequently bailed in April, with restrictions imposed on their ability to leave the country. The ninth defendant, Gill, had not been traced since the original issue of warrants in March.
On 9 September 2006, a sting operation by the news magazine Tehelka was shown on the TV channel STAR News. This appeared to show that witnesses had been bribed and coerced into retracting their initial testimony. Venod Sharma was named in the exposé as one who had paid money to some of the witnesses. Facing pressure from the central Congress leaders, Venod Sharma resigned from the Haryana cabinet.
Judgment
On 15 December 2006, the High Court ruled that Sharma was guilty based on existing evidence, and also criticised the trial judge, S. L. Bhayana.
The judgment said that the lower court had been lax in not considering the testimony of witnesses such as Bina Ramani and Deepak Bhojwani, stating regarding the treatment of the latter's evidence that, "With very great respect to the learned judge [Bhayana], we point out that this manner of testing the credibility of the witness is hardly a rule of appreciation of evidence. ... Obviously, this reflects total lack of application of mind and suggests a hasty approach towards securing a particular end, namely the acquittal."
In particular, the key witness Munshi came in for serious criticism. The judgment says, of his earlier repudiation of the FIR that "[Munshi] is now claiming that the said statement was recorded in Hindi while he had narrated the whole story in English as he did not know Hindi at all ... We do not find this explanation of Munshi to be convincing." Regarding Munshi's testimony that two guns were involved, the judgment says: "In court he has taken a somersault and came out with a version that there were two gentlemen at the bar counter. ... [W]e have no manner of doubt that on this aspect he is telling a complete lie."
On 20 December 2006, Sharma was punished with a sentence of life imprisonment and a fine. The other accused, Yadav and Gill, were fined and given four years' rigorous imprisonment. A plea for Sharma to be sentenced to death was rejected on the grounds that the murder, although intentional, was not premeditated and Sharma was not considered to be a threat to society.
Sharma's lawyer announced that the decision would be appealed in Supreme Court because the judgment was wrong in holding Bina Ramani to be a witness.
Parole for Sharma
On 24 September 2009, the government in Delhi paroled Sharma for a 30-day period so that he could attend to some matters relating to his sick mother and the family business. The parole was further extended by 30 days, during which he was seen partying in a night-club and his mother appeared at public functions. Sharma returned himself to Tihar Jail on 10 November 2009, two weeks before his parole expired.
Sharma was granted a limited parole from 28 December 2013 to 5 January 2014. This was to allow him to sit for master's degree examinations in Delhi.
Release
In 2020 Sharma was out on bail because of the order of Delhi's LG on the grounds of good behavior.
Supreme Court confirmation of sentences
On 19 April 2010, the Supreme Court of India approved the sentences and said that
Former Solicitor General of India, Gopal Subramaniam arguing on behalf of the prosecution quoted Chandra Mohan Tiwari vs. State of M.P., (1992) 2 SCC 105 and Jaswant Singh vs. State of Haryana, (2000) 4 SCC 484 to establish his case.
Senior advocate Ram Jethmalani, who represented Sharma in the Supreme Court, assailed the High Court verdict, alleging that the media had prejudged the issue and conducted a campaign to vilify his client. The Supreme Court accepted that there had been an element of "trial by media" but believed that it had not affected the decision of the High Court. The judges who maintained the Delhi High Court judgement pronounced by Justice R.S. Sodhi, were Justice P. Sathasivam and Justice Swatanter Kumar.
Perjury charges
In May 2013, Delhi High Court ordered prosecution of Bollywood actor Shayan Munshi and a ballistic expert, P. S. Manocha, for turning hostile. The court cleared a further 17 people whose allegedly hostile position was under review. Ten other people had been discharged from claims of perjury in earlier hearings and three had died since the original trial.
In popular culture
No One Killed Jessica, a 2011 Hindi film starring Rani Mukherjee and Vidya Balan, was inspired by the incident. Six Suspects, a 2016 novel by Vikas Swarup centred on a similar murder.
See also
Law of India
Ram Jethmalani, Indian lawyer and Manu Sharma's defence counsel
References
External links
News summary at Rediff.com
News summary at the BBC
Deaths by firearm in India
People murdered in India
Crime in Delhi
2006 crimes in India
Indian case law
1990s in Delhi
20th-century Indian women
20th-century Indian people
1999 murders in India
Women in Delhi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Jessica%20Lal |
Cameron Hawley (September 19, 1905 – February 9, 1969) was an American writer of fiction from Howard, South Dakota. Much of Hawley's output concerned the pressures of modern life, particularly in a business setting. He published numerous novels and short stories.
Born Elmer Cameron Hawley in South Dakota, he worked as an executive at the Armstrong Cork Company; after a 24-year career, he retired and turned to novel writing.
Executive Suite
Hawley's novel Executive Suite was the first title published by Ballantine Books in 1952. Ian Ballantine announced that he would "offer trade publishers a plan for simultaneous publishing of original titles in two editions, a hardcover 'regular' edition for bookstore sale, and a paper-cover, 'newsstand' size, low-priced edition for mass market sale." The publishing industry sat up and took notice, because the simultaneous hardcover and paperback editions of Executive Suite were obvious successes. Houghton Mifflin published the $3.00 hardcover at the same time Ballantine distributed its 35¢ paperback. By February 1953 Ballantine had sold 375,000 copies and was preparing to print 100,000 more. Houghton Mifflin sold 20,500 hardback copies. Instead of hurting hardback sales, the paperback edition gave the book more publicity.
Film adaptation
Movie rights to Executive Suite were sold to MGM, and Robert Wise directed the 1954 film of the screenplay by Ernest Lehman, also titled Executive Suite, and featuring William Holden, June Allyson, Barbara Stanwyck, Fredric March, Walter Pidgeon and Nina Foch. It was nominated for four Academy Awards.
A short-lived television series based on the film and titled Executive Suite lasted only six months for a total of 18 episodes. It was telecast on CBS from September 20, 1976 until February 11, 1977.
Other works
Hawley's novel Cash McCall was made into a film of the same name in 1960 starring James Garner and Natalie Wood.
Selected bibliography
Executive Suite (1952)
Cash McCall (1955)
The Lincoln Lords (1960)
The Hurricane Years (1968)
References
1905 births
1969 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
Novelists from South Dakota
People from Howard, South Dakota
20th-century American male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron%20Hawley |
Omizutori (), or the annual, sacred water-drawing festival, is a Japanese Buddhist festival that takes place in the Nigatsu-dō of Tōdai-ji, Nara, Japan. The festival is the final rite in observance of the two-week-long Shuni-e ceremony. This ceremony is to cleanse the people of their sins as well as to usher in the spring of the new year. Once the Omizutori is completed, the cherry blossoms have started blooming and spring has arrived.
Description
The rite occurs on the last night of the Shuni-e ceremony, when monks bearing torches come to the Wakasa Well, underneath the Nigatsu-dō Hall, which according to legend only springs forth water once a year. The ceremony has occurred in the Nigatsu-do of the imperial temple at Nara, of the Todai-ji, since it was first founded. These annual festivals have been dated back to 752. The earliest known records of the use of an incense seal during the religious rites in Japan were actually used during one Omizutori.
Eleven priests, who are called Renhyoshu, are appointed in December of the previous year to participate in the Omizutori festivals. Much preparation goes into this yearly festival, and the priests are tasked with cleaning the sites for the rituals, making circuit pilgrimages to surrounding shrines and temples, and preparing various goods that are used in the rituals. During the time leading up to Omizutori, the priests are forbidden to speak at all or leave their lodgings. Each priest is very firm in the practice of his duty in specific, strict orders, and preparing himself for the ceremonies to come.
Torches are lit at the start of the Omizutori, during the ittokuka, which is held in the early morning on the first of March. There is an evening ceremony, called Otaimatsu, in which young ascetics brandish large torches that are burning. While waving the torches in the air, they draw large circles with the fire it emits. It is believed that if a person viewing the ceremony is showered with the sparks from the fire, that the person will then be protected from evil things.
Omizutori is the largest ceremony on the night of 12 March. The next day, the rite of drawing of the water is held with an accompaniment of ancient Japanese music. The monks draw water, which only springs up from the well in front of the temple building on this specific day, and offer it first to the Buddhist deities, Bodhisattva Kannon, and then offer it to the public. It is believed that the water, being blessed, can cure ailments. The Omizutori ceremony is the acceptance of water from a well. This well is said to be connected by a tunnel to the town of Obama on the coast of the Sea of Japan. The water is sent from Obama annually by the priests of the syncretic Jinguji temple in Obama in a ceremony called "the sending of the water". The water is actually drawn into two pots, one pot containing water from the previous year, and another that contains the water from all previous ceremonies. From the pot of water that holds the water of the current year, a very small amount of the water is poured into the pot which holds the mixture of water from all of the previous ceremonies. The resulting water mixture is preserved each year, and this process has taken place for over 1,200 years.
The Legend of Omizutori
There are different legends of the origin of Omizutori. One of these legends suggests that the founder of Shuni-e, Jitchu, invited 13,700 of the gods to the ceremony. One of the gods, Onyu-myojin was late to the ceremony because he was fishing on the Onyu River. To make up for the fact that he was late, he then offered scented water from the Onyu River, and the water suddenly sprung up from the spot where the god once stood.
The story of how Shuni-e came to be continues to portray the original founder of Shuni-e, Jitchu, as the central character. It is told that the priest, Jitchu, made a journey deep into the mountains of Kasagi in 751 where he witnessed celestial beings performing a ceremony that was meant to cleanse and ask for repentance. Jitchu was so overwhelmed by the ceremony that he decided to bring the rite to the human world. He was warned that this would be a daunting task, but his desire was so strong that he believed he could overcome the task of transferring the rite between the heavens and the world of man. He decided that if he could perform the religious ceremony 1,000 times a day at running speed, he could bring the god's ceremony into his world.
The festival was held on March 1 to March 14, 2010.
References
1. Bedini, S. (1994). The Trail of Time. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Classic Japanese Inns and Country Getaways. (1999). Japan: Kodansha International Ltd.
3. Frommer's Japan. (2008). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Festivals in Japan
Tourist attractions in Nara Prefecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omizutori |
This is a list of municipalities of all types (including cities, towns, and villages) in the United States that lie in more than one county (or, in the case of Louisiana, in more than one parish). Counties are listed in descending order of the county's share of the municipal population per the 2000 census.
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
Colorado
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
The following table does not include townships. Ohio is the only state that allows a township to exist in multiple counties, but a township is not considered a municipality. Examples of multi-county townships include Fairfield Township, Columbiana County, and Washington Township, Franklin County.
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Virginia cities are all independent cities and are not located in any county, but several incorporated towns are located in multiple counties.
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
References
Multiple counties
Counties of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20U.S.%20municipalities%20in%20multiple%20counties |
The Dresden Trumpeter is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding.
Origin
Saxony, in the region of Dresden.
Overall Impression
Only slightly sturdier than the Field Pigeon, low carriage, a rather long than short effect required. White wing shield. Double-crested.
Head: Not quite so powerful as the double-crested Trumpeter. The shell crest should be broad and unbroken. The beak crest should be somewhat oval in shape, as unbroken as possible all round; the larger, forward part covering the beak wattles and requiring some foundation to avoid unsightly hanging.
Eyes: Dark orange iris, somewhat lighter iris allowed in reds and yellows. Cere fine, flesh-coloured.
Beak: Dark in blacks, flesh-coloured in reds and yellows; in reds a somewhat darker tinge is permitted.
Neck: Short, fairly rounded, throat full, rounded.
Breast: Broad as possible, full and pressed well forward.
Back: Fairly broad at the shoulder, slightly sloping.
Wings: Fairly broad, with long primaries reaching almost to the end of the tail.
Tail: Long.
Legs: Thighs well feathered. Feet thick and full-muffed. However, muff feathers should not be excessively long. Muffs must spread to the side rather than to the front.
Colours
Red and yellow, very occasionally black.
Markings
White wing shields. All other feathers coloured.
Defects
Thin or weak body, upright stance; too much of a blue tinge in the colouring, white feathers in the primaries, muffs, tail, thighs and head; distorted beak crest; narrow, distorted or incomplete shell crest; muffs which are too short or full of gaps.
Order of Evaluation: Overall Impression - body size - carriage - markings - head adornment.
See also
List of pigeon breeds
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden%20Trumpeter |
Pudukkottai District is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The city of Pudukkottai is the district headquarters. It is also known colloquially as Pudhugai.
Pudukkottai district is bounded on the northeast and east by Thanjavur District, on the southeast by the Palk Strait, on the southwest by Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga districts, and on the west and northwest by Tiruchirapalli District. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,618,345 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males.
The district has an area of 4,663 km² with a coastline of 42 km. The district lies between 78° 25' and 79° 15' east longitude and between 9° 50' and 10° 40' of the north latitude.
Organisation
On 14 January 1975, Pudukkottai was organised as a separate district comprising the former Pudukkottai Division of Tiruchirappalli district with some additions from Thanjavur district. At present, this district is composed of three revenue divisions, namely, Pudukkottai, Aranthangi and Illupur and eleven taluks, namely, Kulathur, Illuppur, Alangudi, Pudukkottai, Gandarvakottai, Thirumayam, Aranthangi, Ponnamaravathi, Karambakudi, Avudaiyarkoil and Manamelkudi. There are 762 revenue villages.
Demographics
According to 2011 census, Pudukkottai district had a population of 1,618,345 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 19.55% of the population lived in urban areas. A total of 179,688 were under the age of six, constituting 91,696 males and 87,992 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 17.60% and 0.08% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 68.62%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 387,679 households. There were a total of 761,693 workers, comprising 192,462 cultivators, 234,344 main agricultural labourers, 10,170 in house hold industries, 203,272 other workers, 121,445 marginal workers, 16,808 marginal cultivators, 70,805 marginal agricultural labourers, 3,771 marginal workers in household industries and 30,061 other marginal workers. Tamil is the predominant language, spoken by 99.23% of the population.
Politics
|}
See also
List of districts of Tamil Nadu
References
External links
Pudukkottai District
Tourism
Districts of Tamil Nadu
1974 establishments in Tamil Nadu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudukkottai%20district |
Load balancing or load distribution may refer to:
Load balancing (computing), balancing a workload among multiple computer devices
Load balancing (electrical power), the storing of excess electrical power by power stations during low demand periods, for release as demand rises
Network load balancing, balancing network traffic across multiple links
Weight distribution, the apportioning of weight within a vehicle, especially cars, airplanes, and watercraft
Production leveling, a prerequisite to allow 'flow' in the factory
Resource leveling, a group of techniques for distribution of a workload between workers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20balancing |
Ricardo Baliardo (7 August 1921 – 5 November 2014), better known as Manitas de Plata, was a flamenco guitarist of Spanish Gitano descent born in southern France. Despite achieving worldwide fame, he was criticized for not following certain rhythmic rules (compás) that are traditional in flamenco.
Life and career
Baliardo was born in a gypsy caravan in Sète, southern France. He became famous by playing each year at the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer gypsy pilgrimage in the Camargue, where he was recorded live by Deben Bhattacharya.
Manitas de Plata ("Little Hands of Silver" in Spanish) agreed to play in public only 10 years after the death of Django Reinhardt.. One of his recordings earned him a letter from Jean Cocteau acclaiming him as a creator.
Upon hearing him play at Arles in 1964, Pablo Picasso is said to have exclaimed "that man is of greater worth than I am!" and proceeded to draw on the guitar.
De Plata attained fame in the United States after a photography exhibition in New York, organized by his friend Lucien Clergue. He had recorded his first official album in the chapel of Arles in France, in 1963, on the Philips label. It was later re-released, in 1967, on the Connoisseur Society label and sold through the Book of the Month Club. This popular LP brought him to the attention of an American audience. An American manager obtained a booking for him to play a concert in Carnegie Hall in New York on November 24, 1965.
He toured the world from 1967, and recorded discs. He played with the dancer Nina Corti. In 1968 he played at the Royal Variety Performance in London.
He toured Australia in September 1972 supported by Los Baliardos (Hippolyte Baliardo, Manero Baliardo, José Reyes, Ricardo Bissaro). His Sevillana was included in Scorsese's After Hours (1985) soundtrack.
De Plata was the uncle of Jacques, Maurice, and Tonino Baliardo and cousin to Paul, François (Canut), Patchaï, Nicolas and André Reyes (the sons of his cousin, flamenco artist José Reyes (1928-1979), all members of the Catalan Rumba band Gipsy Kings. Australian multi-instrumentalist Chris Freeman, his student in 1971, acknowledged de Plata's influence and teachings.
De Plata died aged 93 in a retirement home in Montpellier on 6 November 2014. He had suffered a severe heart attack in April 2013.
Many members of his own family were also well known flamenco musicians, including his younger brother Hippolyte Baliardo (1929-2009), and his eldest son Manero Baliardo (1940-2012). Another son, Bambo Baliardo, is still an active musician and performer as of 2015.
Selected albums
Juerga! (1963, Philips, 844 535 PY)
Flamenco Guitar (1965)
Flamenco Guitar
Manitas de Plata - The world's greatest living flamenco artist (1966, Philips, BL 7787)
Manitas et les siens (1967, Columbia Records, FL 363)
Flamenco Magic (1967, Columbia Records, CS 9558)
Flamenco!! (L'Espagne De Manitas) (1968, CBS, 63449)
The Art of the Guitar (1968, Everest Records, SDBR 3201)
La guitare d'or de Manitas (1970, Columbia Records, S 63915)
Et Ses Guitares Gitanes (1972, CBS, S65020)
Excitement of Manitas De Plata (1973, RCA Camden, CDS 1139)
Hommages (1973, Embassy Records, S EMB 31003)
Soleil des Saintes-Maries (1978)Feria Gitane (1994)Olé (1969)Manitas de Plata at Carnegie Hall (1995)Flaming Flamenco (1997)Manitas de Plata (1998)Camargue de Manitas (1999)Guitare D'Or Manitas de Plata (1999)Flores de mi corazon (1999, Troubadour Records)Guitarra Flamenco (2001)Manitas de Plata y los Plateros (2004)
See alsoGitanos'', Romani people in Spain
Los Niños de Sara
References
External links
Profile, Foroflamenco.com; accessed 6 November 2014
1921 births
2014 deaths
People from Sète
French Romani people
Flamenco guitarists
French guitarists
French male guitarists
Romani guitarists
Columbia Records artists
Philips Records artists
20th-century French musicians
20th-century guitarists
20th-century French male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitas%20de%20Plata |
Iskolat (, ), or formally the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and the Landless in Latvia, was the governing body in the territory of Latvia that was under control of the pro-Communist Red Latvian Riflemen in 1917–1918.
History
During the Russian Revolution Iskolat was established in Riga on 29–30 July 1917 O.S. (August 11 – 12, 1917, N.S.), at the initiative of the Central Committee of the Social Democratic Party, then controlled by the Bolsheviks with the purpose of carrying out the Bolshevik coup within the territory of Latvia not occupied by Germany. When Germans occupied Riga, Iskolat moved to Cēsis and later to Valka, where it took power over the Valka district, disbanding the organs established by the Russian Provisional Government.
On December 17, 1917 the Congress of Soviets of Latvia convened in Valmiera and elected as the chairman of Iskolat, who was later replaced by Fricis Roziņš in 1918.
Iskolat fled to Moscow after German forces occupied Latvia in February 1918 and was disbanded in March 1918.
Soviet historiography considered Iskolat to have been the first Soviet government of sovereign Latvia between December 1917 and February 1918, but historian Andrew Ezergailis has shown that autonomy or independence for the "Iskolat Republic" was never the goal for the Latvian Bolsheviks, who were led by the federalist ideologue Pēteris Stučka (Swain 1999: 668–9).
See also
Latvian Provisional National Council
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Notes
References
"Iskolat", Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Political history of Latvia
1917 establishments in Latvia
Early Soviet republics
Former socialist republics
Post–Russian Empire states | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskolat |
The Meta River is a major left tributary of the Orinoco River in eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela, South America. The Meta originates in the Eastern Ranges of the Andes and flows through the Meta Department, Colombia as the confluence of the Humea, Guatiquía and Guayuriba rivers. It flows east-northeastward across the Llanos Orientales ("Eastern Plains") of Colombia following the direction of the Meta Fault. The Meta forms the northern boundary of Vichada Department, first with Casanare Department, then with Arauca Department, and finally with Venezuela, down to Puerto Carreño where it flows into the Orinoco.
The Meta River is long and its drainage basin is . The Meta divides the Colombian Llanos in two different parts: the western portion on the left bank is more humid, receives the relatively nutrient-rich sediments from the Andean mountain range and therefore soils and tributaries are also nutrient-rich, while the eastern portion, high plain or altillanura, drains not to the Meta river but to the Orinoco, has a longer dry season and soils and surface waters are oligotrophic (nutrient poor).
The major tributaries of the Meta are the Cravo Sur, the Casanare, the Cusiana, the Upía and the Manacacías rivers.
History
In 1531, while exploring the Orinoco river, Diego de Ordáz became the first European to discover the estuarine delta of the Meta. Following indications of a gold country at the headwaters of the river - the "Meta Province" - he and his companions navigated the Meta upstream for 50 days until, due to the seasonally low water level, they could make no further progress and had to turn back without having achieved anything. The first Europeans to reach the headwaters of the Meta at the foot of the Eastern Cordillera were the participants of an expedition led by the conquistador Georg Hohermuth von Speyer in 1536.
An 1856 watercolor by Manuel María Paz, of three indigenous people with a boat at Orocué, near the Old Macuco Mission, is an early depiction of life on the river.
Indigenous groups
Living along the Meta are various indigenous groups. In the upper part of the river, close to the foothills of the Eastern Ranges and farther downstream, the Guayupe, Achagua, Sáliva and Guahibo people are living.
Economy
Starting at Puerto López the Meta becomes navigable, and thus is an important component of the trade across the Colombian and Venezuelan Llanos.
References
Rivers of Colombia
Rivers of Venezuela
Orinoco basin
Border rivers
Colombia–Venezuela border
International rivers of South America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%20River |
The Arcata Community Forest is part of the parks and recreation system of the City of Arcata, California, United States. It was originally created in 1955 from six forest tracts: Gannon Tract, Burns Tract, Preston Tract I, Preston Tract II, Reclamation Water Co. Tract, and Brizard Tract. The main forest area covers . The park was the culmination of efforts to combine tracts of forest land located east of the city together in one continuous section of city-owned second-growth coast redwood forest. Over a 50-year period, were obtained in several purchases. In November 2006, the Sunny Brae Forest was added to the Community Forest. The city also owns and manages the Jacoby Creek Forest. The City owns a total of of forest."
Until 1964, this land was used as the municipal water source, obtaining its supply from Gannon Creek, Preston Creek (Jolly Giant), and Janes Creek. Historically, steelhead and salmon migrated upstream into all the creeks before logging and poor water quality wiped them out. It is currently used for education, recreation, wildlife habitat, and sustainable timber harvesting. Many of Arcata's small streams possess their headwaters in the Arcata Community Forest.
In 1979, the citizens of Arcata passed the "Forest Management and Parkland Initiative". The Arcata Community Forest was the first municipal forest certified in the US under the Forest Stewardship Council. This was intended to develop an ecologically responsible long-term forest management program to generate income to develop and acquire parkland. Generating $500,000–$700,000 of revenue per year from timber harvesting, the forest is self-supporting, and excess net revenue is used to maintain other city parkland and open space.
The forest is popular with hikers, birders, and has a history of (illegal) camping that remains unpopular with some locals who report being harassed or intimidated by the homeless that have "staked a claim" to both public and private property. According to the Humboldt Housing and Homeless Coalition (HHHC), 74% of homeless individuals were camping in Humboldt County. Approximately 15 illegal, two- to five-person camps are cleaned up annually by the Arcata City Police and Environmental Service Departments in the community forest.
Parking and main trail head can be accessed from an unmarked road at Bayview and E 12th St. The Redwood Lodge is located at the park; it is available for rent to host activities and contains tables, chairs, and a small kitchen with appliances.
Notes
External links
Arcata Community Forest
Arcata Community Forest Images By Jeff Schmitt
Arcata, California
Municipal parks in California
Protected areas of Humboldt County, California
Forests of California
Community-based forestry
Protected areas established in 1955
1955 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcata%20Community%20Forest |
Adiantum diaphanum, the filmy maidenhair fern, is a species of fern in the genus Adiantum, native to East Asia and Australasia, from southern Japan south to New Zealand. It grows to 20 cm long at the most, with very dark green fronds covered with bristles.
Distribution
It is native to China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangxi), Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific islands.
References
diaphanum
Ferns of Asia
Flora of China
Flora of Malesia
Flora of Papuasia
Flora of the Pacific
Plants described in 1828
Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Blume | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiantum%20diaphanum |
In logic, a four-valued logic is any logic with four truth values. Several types of four-valued logic have been advanced.
Belnap
Nuel Belnap considered the challenge of question answering by computer in 1975. Noting human fallibility, he was concerned with the case where two contradictory facts were loaded into memory, and then a query was made. "We all know about the fecundity of contradictions in two-valued logic: contradictions are never isolated, infecting as they do the whole system." Belnap proposed a four-valued logic as a means of containing contradiction.
He called the table of values A4: Its possible values are true, false, both (true and false), and neither (true nor false). Belnap's logic is designed to cope with multiple information sources such that if only true is found then true is assigned, if only false is found then false is assigned, if some sources say true and others say false then both is assigned, and if no information is given by any information source then neither is assigned. These four values correspond to the elements of the power set based on {T, F}.
T is the supremum and F the infimum in the logical lattice where None and Both are in the wings. Belnap has this interpretation: "The worst thing is to be told something is false simpliciter. You are better off (it is one of your hopes) in either being told nothing about it, or being told both that it is true and also that it is false; while of course best of all is to be told that it is true." Belnap notes that "paradoxes of implication" (A&~A)→B and A→(B∨~B) are avoided in his 4-valued system.
Logical connectives
Belnap addressed the challenge of extending logical connectives to A4. Since it is the power set on {T, F}, the elements of A4 are ordered by inclusion making it a lattice with Both at the supremum and None at the infimum, and T and F on the wings. Referring to Dana Scott, he assumes the connectives are Scott-continuous or monotonic functions. First he expands negation by deducing that ¬Both = Both and ¬None = None. To expand And and Or the monotonicity goes only so far. Belnap uses equivalence (a&b = a iff avb = b) to fill out the tables for these connectives. He finds None & Both = F while None v Both = T.
The result is a second lattice L4 called the "logical lattice", where A4 is the "approximation lattice" determining Scott continuity.
Implementation using two bits
Let one bit be assigned for each truth value: 01=T and 10=F with 00=N and 11=B.
Then the subset relation in the power set on {T, F} corresponds to order ab<cd iff a<c and b<d in two-bit representation. Belnap calls the lattice associated with this order the "approximation lattice".
The logic associated with two-bit variables can be incorporated into computer hardware.
Matrix machine
There are sixteen logical matrices that are 2x2, and four logical vectors that act as inputs and outputs of the matrix transformation:
X = {A, B, C, D } = {(0,1), (1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 1} }.
When C is input, the output is always C. Four of the sixteen have zero in one corner only, so the output of vector-matrix multiplication with Boolean arithmetic is always D, except for C input.
Nine further logical matrices need description to fill out the finite state machine represented by logical matrices acting on X. Excluding C, inputs A, B, and D are considered in order and the output in X expressed as a triple, for example ABD for commonly known as the identity matrix.
The asymmetric matrices differ in their action on row versus column vectors. The row convention is used here:
has code BBB, code AAA
has code CDB, code DCA.
The remaining operations on X are expressed with matrices with three zeros, so outputs include C for a third of the inputs. The codes are CAA, BCA, ACA, and CBB in these cases.
Applications
A four-valued logic was established by IEEE with the standard IEEE 1364: It models signal values in digital circuits. The four values are 1, 0, Z and X. 1 and 0 stand for boolean true and false, Z stands for high impedance or open circuit and X stands for don't care (e.g., the value has no effect). This logic is itself a subset of the 9-valued logic standard called IEEE 1164 and implemented in Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language, VHDL's std_logic.
One should not confuse four-valued mathematical logic (using operators, truth tables, syllogisms, propositional calculus, theorems and so on) with communication protocols built using binary logic and displaying responses with four possible states implemented with boolean-like type of values : for instance, the SAE J1939 standard, used for CAN data transmission in heavy road vehicles, which has four logical (boolean) values: False, True, Error Condition, and Not installed (represented by values 0–3). Error Condition means there is a technical problem obstructing data acquisition. The logics for that is for example True and Error Condition=Error Condition. Not installed is used for a feature that does not exist in this vehicle, and should be disregarded for logical calculation. On CAN, usually fixed data messages are sent containing many signal values each, so a signal representing a not-installed feature will be sent anyway.
Split bit proposed gate
Creation of carbon nanotubes for logical gates has used carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). An anticipated demand for data storage in the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a motivation. A proposal has been made for 32 nm process application using a split bit-gate: "By using CNFET technology in 32 nm node by the proposed SQI gate, two split bit-lines QSRAM architectures have been suggested to address the issue of increasing demand for storage capacity in IoT/IoVT applications. Peripheral circuits such as a novel quaternary to binary decoder for QSRAM have been offered."
References
Further reading
Hardware description languages
Many-valued logic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-valued%20logic |
Griffin Patrick O'Neal (born October 28, 1964) is an American actor. He has appeared in films such as The Escape Artist, April Fool's Day, The Wraith, Assault of the Killer Bimbos, and Ghoulies III.
Early life and career
O'Neal was born in Los Angeles to actor Ryan O'Neal and his first wife, actress Joanna Moore (born Dorothy Joanne Cook). He has an older sister, Tatum O'Neal, and two younger half brothers, Patrick O'Neal and Redmond O'Neal. His grandfather was novelist and screenwriter Charles "Blackie" O'Neal. His paternal ancestry is Irish, English, and Ashkenazi Jewish.
Early in his childhood, O'Neal and his sister lived with their mother in squalid conditions. Their mother struggled with drug and alcohol addiction while they were in her care. She eventually lost custody of them.
Griffin O'Neal appeared in 11 movies between 1976 and 1992. Several of these were TV movies or films released directly to video. Film critic Vincent Canby of the New York Times wrote in 1982 that Griffin O'Neal "shares with his sister a natural screen presence." Likewise, film critic Leonard Maltin wrote that Griffin O'Neal has a "pleasing screen presence".
O'Neal was cast in Francis Ford Coppola's 1987 film Gardens of Stone, but he asked to be replaced after he caused a boating accident that killed Coppola's son Gian-Carlo.
Personal life
Griffin left Los Angeles in 2007 and moved to a small town near the Mexico border.
Marriages
O'Neal married his first wife Rima Uranga in 1989; they divorced in 1991. They have a daughter together. He has been married to Joanna Berry since 2008.
Substance abuse and relationship with Ryan O'Neal
O'Neal is estranged from his father Ryan O'Neal. They have had a volatile relationship since his childhood. O'Neal's struggle with addiction began when he was 9 years old. He told People magazine, "My life has been a reign of drug and alcohol degradation. I had to self-medicate my entire life because there was pain everywhere. There were drugs everywhere in my family all day, every day." He claims that his family's problems stemmed from his father, who gave him cocaine at the age of 11. "He was a very abusive, narcissistic psychopath. He gets so mad he can't control anything he's doing," O'Neal said.
In 1983, O'Neal reported to authorities that his father punched out two of his front teeth, but he decided not to press charges.
In 2007, Ryan O'Neal was arrested for assault after shooting at Griffin during a dispute. Prosecutors decided not to file charges. "The last time I saw my dad, he shot at me because I was trying to help his son [Redmond] get sober, so I haven't talked to him in nine years," he told People in 2015.
O'Neal was banned by his father from attending the funeral services for Farrah Fawcett, the mother of his half-brother Redmond O'Neal, in 2009.
O'Neal was reportedly three years sober in 2015.
Legal problems
In 1986, Griffin O'Neal had a boating accident in Annapolis, Maryland that took the life of film producer Gian-Carlo Coppola. O'Neal, who was piloting the boat, tried to pass between two other boats, unaware that they were connected by a towline. O'Neal barely had time to duck, but Coppola was struck by the towline and killed. O'Neal was convicted of negligently operating a boat, and later received an 18-day jail sentence for not completing community service. In 1987, Francis Ford Coppola sued O'Neal and seven others for negligence.
O'Neal was arrested multiple times for driving under the influence. He pleaded no contest to a drunk driving charge in 1989. He also pleaded no contest in 1992 to charges that he shot at his estranged girlfriend's unoccupied car.
In August 2011, O'Neal collided with another car while driving. He was sentenced to 16 months in prison for driving under the influence of drugs in connection with that incident.
In January 2012, O'Neal was arrested for domestic battery after he pushed his wife out of the way in an attempt to drink and drive.
Filmography
References
Bibliography
Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 350-351.
External links
Griffin O'Neal at Yahoo movies
Interview with Larry King, first aired Aug. 3, 2009
1964 births
American male child actors
American male film actors
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Jewish descent
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
prisoners and detainees of California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffin%20O%27Neal |
Priyadarshini Mattoo (23 July 1970 – 23 January 1996) was a 25-year-old law student who was found raped and murdered at her house in New Delhi on 23 January 1996. On 17 October 2006, the Delhi High Court found Santosh Kumar Singh guilty on both counts of rape and murder, and on 30 October of the same year sentenced him to death. On 6 October 2010, the Supreme Court of India commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment.
Santosh Kumar Singh, the son of an Inspector-General of Police, had earlier been acquitted by a trial court in 1999, and the High Court decision was widely perceived in India as a landmark reversal. This decision was overturned as the facts were not presented correctly in the lower court.
Significance of the case
The acquittal of Santosh Singh in 1999 led to the investigating agency CBI, challenge the judgment in the Delhi high court on 29 February 2000.
Justices RS Sodhi and PK Bhasin of Delhi High Court shifted from a traditional lax pace, with hearings every few months, to a day-to-day trial, and judgment was reached in 42 days. The original acquittal was overturned and Santosh Singh was found guilty of murder and rape.
The case is one of several in India that highlight the ineffectiveness of the traditional criminal law system, especially when it comes to high-profile perpetrators, including the Murder of Jessica Lall and Sanjeev Nanda acquittals.
Childhood
Priyadarshini was a Kashmiri Pandit. She was raised in Srinagar. After Priyadarshini finished school at the Presentation Convent School in Srinagar, she migrated with her family to Jammu due to increasing Militancy in Kashmir. Priyadarshini received her BCom while in Jammu from MAM College, before being accepted to Delhi University to earn an LLB degree. It was during her time as a student in Delhi that Santosh Singh became besotted with her, and made indecent proposals. However, at one point, he started stalking her, and her family lodged several FIRs with the police. A police escort was provided for some time, but the stalking continued.
The murder
Priyadarshini was in the third year of her law program when she was found strangled in her uncle’s residence. She had been raped, struck 14 times with a motorcycle helmet, and finally strangled with a wire. Santosh Kumar Singh, her senior in college, had been stalking and harassing her for several years, and was the immediate suspect. But Santosh came from an influential family - his father J.P. Singh was then Inspector General of Police in Pondicherry - in the course of the trial, he served as Joint Commissioner of Police in Delhi, where the crime had been committed. In view of these connections, the court handed over the investigation of the case to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). In 1995, Priyadarshini had complained that Santosh Singh was harassing and stalking her. She had been provided with a personal security officer at the time. In retaliation, Santosh had lodged a complaint with the university alleging that she was pursuing two degrees simultaneously. However, it turned out that Priyadarshini had passed M.Com in 1991 and the complaint was merely malicious. On the morning of 23 January 1996, Santosh was seen knocking for entrance into Priyadarshini's uncle's house, where she was living, in the Vasant Kunj area of Delhi. A servant saw Santosh entering her house, apparently saying that he wanted a compromise in their legal complaints. Subsequently, he raped her, strangled her with an electric wire, and then battered her face beyond recognition with a motorcycle helmet. Santosh's presence in the house after the murder was also established by the prosecution.
Trial Court Judgment
Delivering the ironical and widely criticized judgment in the trial court proceedings in 1999, the Additional Sessions Judge. G.P. Thareja said of Santosh, that though he knew that "he is the man who committed the crime," he was forced to acquit him, giving him the benefit of doubt.
In a 450-page judgment the judge came down heavily on the role of Delhi Police; "There has been particular inaction by Delhi Police", he said, while commenting that the accused’s father may have used his official position to influence the agencies. "The influence of the father has been there in the matter and there was deliberate inaction" (at the time his father was second in command of the police forces in Delhi).
The helmet was found with a shattered visor - however, the evidence was so poorly presented that the defense was able to discount it.
He further stated that the rule of law doesn’t seem to apply to the children of those who enforce it.
The Delhi police according to the judge, attempted to assist the accused during the investigation and trial. "Lalit Mohan, the Inspector was instrumental in creating false evidence and false defense for the accused. The witnesses of the police including a Sub-Inspector deposed falsely".
The judgment held the CBI responsible for unfair investigation and failure to produce Virender Prasad, Mattoo’s household help, which resulted in the obstruction of justice. The police had claimed Prasad had gone missing and was not traceable, yet in the aftermath, a journalist could easily find him in his Bihar village.
The judge added that the CBI fabricated the DNA test in the rape case as it was not obtained in accordance with the judicial procedure and could not, therefore, be admitted in evidence in view of Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act.
The "state had failed to bring home the charge of rape against the accused", and while indicting Santosh as "the man who committed the crime", the judge was constrained to acquit him, because of "the benefit of the doubt".
High Court Appeal
Following a public outcry, the CBI then appealed the district court's verdict in Delhi High Court on 29 February 2000. Initially, the trial was not a priority, and there was no presentation of evidence or hearings in the Delhi High Court well into 2006. However, intense public scrutiny was mounted in the case after the acquittals in the Jessica Lal case, with Priyadarshini's aged father Chaman Lal Mattoo making frequent appearances on TV, bringing the judiciary under intense pressure.
On 31 August 2006, six years after the initial appeal by CBI, justices RS Sodhi and PK Bhasin took up the case on a day-to-day hearing basis, which is extremely rare in India. Judgment was reached within 42 days which is quite unprecedented.
Verdict
On 17 October 2006, Santosh Singh, who meanwhile had married and become a practicing lawyer in Delhi itself, was found guilty under Indian Penal Code sections 302 (murder) and 376 (rape). The verdict blames G.P. Thareja's original judgment:
In particular, the verdict held that there were no lacunae in the DNA testing and that the combination of the forensic and circumstantial evidence was clinching. However, the bench agreed with the trial's court observation that police were reluctant to act on repeated complaints of harassment and stalking against Singh as his father was the senior IPS officer (now retired) Director-General of Police J.P. Singh.
The verdict says "junior staff do not react to complaints against the relatives of their fraternity" and referred to the trial court's observation that the approach and working of the subordinate staff of Delhi Police clearly reflected that the rule of law "is not meant for those who enforce the law nor for their near relatives".
The verdict was reached on the basis of strong circumstantial evidence. Santosh's father J.P. Singh was in court. Priyadarshini's father expressed satisfaction that justice had been achieved ten years after the gruesome murder.
Death penalty
As recommended by the Central Bureau of Investigation the death penalty was awarded to Santosh Singh on 30 October 2006.
Pronouncing its verdict, the court said the mitigating circumstances under which leniency was begged for Santosh was not enough and the brutal rape and murder do fall in the bracket of "rarest of rare" cases. Santosh was sitting just five feet away from the jam-packed court. The court had convicted Santosh of the crime earlier that month.
The two-judge bench, comprising Justice R. S. Sodhi and Justice P. K. Bhasin, heard both sides before pronouncing the verdict. The court said Santosh Singh had been given many chances to reform by the police when Priyadarshini had complained that he was stalking her. However, he didn't mend his ways and eventually raped and killed her.
"There is absolutely no doubt in our mind that what was required of Singh was exemplary behavior being a son of a police officer and a lawyer himself. Yet with a pre-meditated approach, he continued to harass the victim for two years," the Bench said.
"In spite of repeated warnings by the police and his undertakings to them, he went about committing the most ghastly act. The act itself sent ripples in society and showed how insecure a citizen can get against this kind of a person," the bench remarked.
Supreme Court appeal
Santosh Singh appealed against the death penalty sentence to the Supreme Court of India on 19 February 2007. The court also issued a notice to the Central Bureau of Investigation on an appeal filed by the convict against the high court's judgment. The defense lawyers of the accused Santosh Singh questioned the validity of the DNA report, one of the main causes for which he was given the benefit of doubt in the Trial court. Further the issue of Trial by Media is likely to be raised and whether excessive media coverage has influenced the verdict.
In October 2010, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Santosh Kumar Singh but reduced the death sentence to life imprisonment. Priyadarshini's father expressed disappointment with the CBI for failing to appeal against this decision.
Post-conviction
Santosh Singh, post-conviction, spent 4 years behind bars and was out on parole in March 2011. Upon return, he subsequently filed another application for grant of parole (subject matter of Criminal Writ Petition 224/2012) before Delhi High Court. The High Court granted him parole for another month on 6 March 2012.
References
External links
Overview of the case, Indian Express, 29 Jan 2006
Proceedings of Indian Parliament 9 December 1999 : Priyaranjan Dasmunsi raises the Priyadarshini Mattoo matter during Zero Hour.
CBI considering course of action after judgment, The Tribune (Chandigarh) 8 Dec 1999
Kashmir Sentinel reporting on the judgment and protests by Kashmiri women, Dec 1999
Mid-Day, 27 February 2006
NDTV, 5 March 2006
Rediff, Nov. 2003
The Week, 12 March 2006
Hindustan Times, 26 December 2006
The Tribune, 11 December 1999
Indian Express, 29 January 2006
Bangalore Live
Daily Excelsior, 15 December 1999
I am feeling relieved, says Priyadarshini Mattoo's killer, 6 October 2010
1970 births
1996 deaths
1996 murders in India
Deaths by strangulation
People from Srinagar
Indian murder victims
People murdered in Delhi
Parole
Violence against women in India
Rape in India
Incidents of violence against women
1990s in Delhi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priyadarshini%20Mattoo |
Ruhul Amin (; born 1971) is a Bangladeshi-born British film director.
Early life
Ruhul Amin was born in Sylhet District, Bangladesh, and came to Britain with his parents in the early 1980s while he was a teenager. While he was at school, he made his first documentary-drama, Prubo London. He attended the National Film and Television School.
Career
In 1986, Ruhul Amin made his first feature film for Channel 4 television entitled A Kind of English.
Ruhul Amin has made 15 films for the BBC and Channel 4. Most of them are documentaries and experimental dramas. He is currently making an epic Bengali feature film Hason Raja based on the based on the life and music of the folk poet, mystic philosopher and songwriter of the same name played by Mithun Chakraborty, produced by Galaxy Films between UK, India and Bangladesh. The film was funded by Ruhul Amin's friends and the Bangladeshi community in England.
Ruhul Amin is known for creating sensitive, understated, poetic films centred on the life of the Bengali community in the East End of London.
Filmography
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Bangladeshi emigrants to England
British people of Bangladeshi descent
Film directors from London
People from Sylhet District
Alumni of the National Film and Television School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhul%20Amin |
"After All" is a song by Canadian electronic music group Delerium, with vocals provided by Swiss singer Jaël. It was the first single released from the album Chimera.
Overview
In accordance with the style taken by Delerium on Chimera, "After All" fits the pop music mold more than most of the group's music produced to date. This is evident in the song's structure, which takes the traditional verse-chorus form of contemporary pop rock, as well as tighter songwriting, with a complete absence of the extended ambient musical sections present in Delerium songs as recent as those on Poem.
The pop music form is also recognisable in the instruments in the song, including prominent use of acoustic guitar riffs.
The song received minor airplay on adult contemporary format radio stations, reflecting it being more in line with the style contemporaneous mainstream music.
Release
The single release, as with all prior Delerium single releases since "Silence", marketed the song for club play by commissioning remixes (as with previous singles), this time from Svenson & Gielen, who had remixed previous Delerium songs as Airscape, and Satoshi Tomiie.
In addition, a remix contest held by label Nettwerk in the months before the single's release solicited remixes from amateur producers, with the prize being the inclusion of the winning remix on the album. The winning entry by Andrew Sega was also included on some releases of the single, as well as another entry, by Adrian Schubert.
A music video was also produced, directed by Stephen Scott. It showed singer Jaël exploring a deserted, seemingly post-apocalyptic city. Two versions were edited, one to the album version and another to an edit of the Svenson & Gielen remix of the song; each version includes one or two brief shots not seen in the other. Scott would later direct the music video for "Angelicus" from Nuages du Monde, which also uses a post-apocalyptic city setting.
Track listing
US Maxi Single – 2003
"After All (Album Edit) – 4:06
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix) – 10:44
"After All (Svenson & Gielen Remix) – 7:47
"After All (Amniotic Insomniac Mix by Adrian Schubert) – 3:58
US Promo single – 2003
"After All (Album Edit) – 4:06
"After All (Svenson & Gielen Remix Edit) – 3:04
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix Edit) – 3:58
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix) – 10:44
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Dub) – 8:06
"After All (Andrew Sega Remix) – 7:25
UK CD Single – 2003
"After All (Svenson & Gielen Remix Edit) – 3:08
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix) – 10:44
"After All (Album Edit) – 4:06
European CD Maxi – 2003
"After All (Svenson & Gielen Edit) – 3:04
"After All (Album Edit) – 4:06
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix) – 10:44
"After All (Svenson & Gielen Remix) – 7:47
"After All (Andrew Sega Remix) – 7:25
European digital release – 2011
"After All (Svenson & Gielen Remix) – 7:50
"After All (Svenson & Gielen UK Edit) – 3:08
"After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix) – 10:46
"After All (Amniotic Insomniac Mix by Adrian Schubert) – 3:56
"After All (Radio Pollution Mix by The Passengerz) – 3:11
"After All (Andrew Sega Remix) – 7:23
References
2003 singles
Delerium songs
Nettwerk Records singles
2003 songs
Songs written by Bill Leeb
Songs written by Rhys Fulber
Dance-pop songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20All%20%28Delerium%20song%29 |
Erin Hershey Presley (born Erin Alise Hershey on September 2, 1976) is an American former actress.
Career
Hershey Presley is most known for her role as Alison Barrington, during the last four years (2000–2003) of the American soap opera Port Charles. From 2002 to 2003, she and actor Brian Gaskill formed the supercouple of Rafe Kovich and Alison Barrington on the show.
The same year Port Charles was cancelled, Lisa Ling left her role as a co-host of ABC's The View. Hershey Presley joined the on-air auditions to replace Ling, advancing to the three finalists, before the co-host job went to Elisabeth Hasselbeck.
Her last film appearance was in the 2010 movie Once Fallen, starring her husband, Brian Presley. Her next, and last, acting role was in 2013, when she reprised the Alison character on General Hospital for four episodes; Alison returned to Port Charles, along with her son Rafe Jr. (Jimmy Deshler), but was soon murdered.
Personal life
Hershey Presley grew up on Mercer Island, Washington and attended Mercer Island High School.
On July 27, 2002, she married her Port Charles co-star, Brian Presley. She gave birth to their first child, Jackson "Jack" Gunnar, in January 2007. The couple later had a daughter together, Emma. It was announced that they were expecting another daughter together, to be named Ruby Rose.
Filmography
2000–2003 - Port Charles as Alison Barrington Kovich, series regular
2004 - General Hospital as Alison Barrington, one episode
2005 - Will & Grace as Nicole, episode "Partners"
2005 - Living with Fran as Susan, episode "The Reunion"
2007 - Americanizing Shelley as Nicole
2010 - Once Fallen as Beat's mom
2013 - General Hospital as Alison Barrington, three episodes
External links
American soap opera actresses
1976 births
Living people
Actresses from Seattle
21st-century American actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin%20Hershey%20Presley |
Australia competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. 18 competitors, 14 men and 4 women, took part in 26 events in 6 sports.
Due to economic difficulties, Australia could only afford to send ten athletes to the Games, as the estimated cost of funding was A$720 per athlete. However, other athletes were allowed to compete on the condition that they secure private or community funding. Eight athletes were funded in this way, including Dunc Gray.
Medalists
Athletics
Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event
Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
NP = Not placed
Men
Track & road events
Men
Field Events
Women
Track & road events
Cycling
Two cyclists, both men, competed for Australia in 1928.
Track cycling
Ranks given are within the heat.
Diving
Ranks given are within the heat.
Rowing
Ranks given are within the heat.
Swimming
Men
Ranks given are within the heat.
Women
Ranks given are within the heat.
Wrestling
Freestyle wrestling
Men's
References
External links
Andrews, Malcolm, Australia at the Olympics, ABC Books, 2000
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
sports-reference
Nations at the 1928 Summer Olympics
1928
Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%20at%20the%201928%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Lahore is a breed of fancy pigeon known for its impressive size and gentle nature. Lahores, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants of the rock pigeon (Columba livia).
Origin
Originating in Lahore, this bird was also bred in the area presently found in India and Iran. It was imported into Germany around 1880 and became popular among pigeon enthusiasts at the beginning of the 1960s. They are usually found in the area of Shiraz and are some of the most colorful pigeons. These ornamental pigeons from ancient Persia were once bred for their meat, but today they are raised for their beautiful plumage and colorful patterns. Their calm and gentle natures also make them ideal as pets.
Appearance
The Lahore is large for a pigeon, approximately tall and long. From shoulder to shoulder, it measures . Its markings are also unusual: the base color is white, with a secondary color beginning at the juncture of beak and wattle and spreading in an arc over the eyes and across the back and wings. The rump and tail are to be white, though in pigeon shows the majority of attention is paid to the quality of the head, neck, and wing markings.
The neck should be heavily feathered and should lead to a full, broad chest. Cheeks should be plump, and the beak should be "broad and stout and rather blunt at the tip." Feet and legs are feathered so that the bird appears to be wearing thick stockings.
Lahore are bred in many different colors, including blue-bar, checkered, red, blue, brown, and black.
Behavior
The Lahore is generally a very gentle and shy pigeon. They are good natured and can be tamed quickly.
Gallery
See also
List of pigeon breeds
References
External links
Arizona Pigeon Club: Detailed description of show qualities
Lahore Club
Pigeon breeds originating in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore%20pigeon |
Curious George is an American children's animated television series based on the children's book series of the same name for PBS Kids which features Jeff Bennett as the voice of Ted Shackelford (credited as "The Man with the Yellow Hat", formerly called that in the original series books and telefilm books). Frank Welker, who voiced George in the 2006 feature film, reprises the role in the series. The show premiered on PBS Kids in the fall of 2006, and originally ended after nine seasons on April 1, 2015 before returning in 2018.
Season 10 premiered on September 3, 2018 on Family Jr. in Canada. Seasons 10-13 debuted on NBCUniversal's streaming service Peacock in the United States when it launched in July 2020. Seasons 1-9 are available to stream for Peacock Premium subscribers since September 20, 2020, which is also available to stream on Hulu. Season 10 premiered on PBS on October 5 the same year.
Curious George is a production of Universal 1440 Entertainment (Universal Studios Family Productions before 2013), Imagine Entertainment, and WGBH-TV (WGBH Kids) (before season 13), and animated by Toon City. From seasons 1-9, each episode has two animated segments per half hour episode, and a short live-action segment after each. The live-action shorts illustrate and explain various concepts in math and science, and shows a class with kids engaging in experiments, that teach the math or science concept featured in the previous story. Season 10 eliminated them, leaving only the animated segments left.
Settings
City: George and the Man live in an apartment in the Big City. The actual name of the city is unknown but has some similarities to New York. However in the episode "Curious George Takes a Vacation", an airport worker mentions they're in Illinois meaning they possibly live in Chicago. The Doorman keeps a pigeon coop on the roof and is the guardian of Hundley, his dachshund dog. The apartment is near Endless Park, the museum where Professor Wiseman works, and the zoo. Chef Pisghetti's restaurant is nearby, as are a doughnut shop, Dulson's Toy Store, Mabel's Department Store (a parody of Macy's and its erstwhile competitor Gimbels), the supermarket, and the pet shop. These are recurring locations.
Country: George and the Man vacation in a small house in the country. The house is near Lake Wanasinklake, a stream, and a river that eventually flows past the city and to the ocean. George is friends there with five-year-old Allie and the teenage paperboy, Bill.
Characters
Main
Curious George (vocal effects by Frank Welker) is a tailless monkey who is the protagonist of the series. As his name implies, he is excessively curious and often causes unintentional problems. He is used as the "teachable" character in the show, and he is the one to whom lessons are explained to by the other characters. He is a character that children enjoy watching and can learn from.
The Man with the Yellow Hat (voiced by Jeff Bennett) is a man who first befriended George. He is almost always wearing some form of yellow clothing, and acts as George's primary teacher and mentor. In the animated film, his name was given as Ted Shackelford.
Narrator (voiced by William H. Macy in Season 1 and Rino Romano in Seasons 2-15) is an unseen storyteller who narrates the events of each episode of the show. His narrations largely describe about the feelings of George and the Man with the Yellow Hat along with their actions, often serving as an internal monologue for speechless characters such as animals.
Supporting
Chef Pisghetti (voiced by Jim Cummings) is an Italian chef in the City who owns a restaurant with his wife.
The Doorman (voiced by Bill Chott in Season 1 and Lex Lang in Season 2) is the doorman for the apartment building in which George and the Man with the Yellow Hat live. He is Hundley's owner.
Professor Wiseman (voiced by Rolonda Watts) is a scientist who is a friend of George and the Man. In different episodes she is seen to be a rocket scientist, and is seen to work at a local museum. Her name is a play on the words wise man.
Steve (voiced by Elizabeth Daily) & Betsy (voiced by Grey DeLisle) are siblings from George's neighborhood in the city. They live with their Aunt Margaret and their dog, Charkie.
Mr. Glass (voiced by Rob Paulsen, with the vocal impression of Gilbert Gottfried) is a man who owns a building known as "The Glass Palace" and hires window washers in the city.
Hundley (vocal effects by Bill Chott in Season 1 and Lex Lang in Season 2) is an orange male dachshund. Hundley is very proper and gentlemanly. He keeps vigil on the lobby of George's apartment building when his owner, the Doorman, is absent.
Compass (vocal effects by Rob Paulsen) is a blue male homing pigeon, also cared for by the doorman. His sense of direction is substandard, he is therefore often referred to as an "Almost-Homing Pigeon".
Jumpy Squirrel (vocal effects by Jim Cummings) is a male squirrel who lives in the country.
Gnocchi (vocal effects by Debi Derryberry in Season 1 and Dee Bradley Baker in Season 2) is Chef Pisghetti's beige female cat.
Charkie (vocal effects by Kel Mitchell & Rob Paulsen) is a female black cocker spaniel owned by Steve and Betsy.
Bill's Bunnies (vocal effects by Frank Welker) are seven baby bunnies owned by Bill. Their names are Fuzzy, Whitey, Brownie, Spotty, Black Ears, Cotton Tail, and Herbert Nenninger. He also owns their mother (Ma Rabbit), whose burrowing abilities are highlighted in several episodes.
Mr. Renkins (voiced by Jeff Bennett) & Mrs. Renkins (voiced by Kath Soucie) are a couple who own a farm near the country house.
Allie (voiced by Lara Jill Miller) is the 5-year-old granddaughter of the Renkins, who is first introduced in George Meets Allie-Whoops! where she and George become fast friends.
Mr. Zoobel (voiced by Carlos Alazraqui) is George's upstairs neighbor in the city, and a painter of modern art.
Marco (voiced by Grey DeLisle) is a Mexican boy who lives in The Puerto Del Sol district, a Mexican neighborhood in the city, he and his family play Spanish music everywhere.
Bill (voiced by Annie Mumolo) is George's neighbor from across the street in the country.
Minor
Netti (voiced by Susan Silo) is Chef Pisghetti's wife.
Dinwoodie (voiced by Jess Harnell)
The Quints (male Quints voiced by Jim Cummings and female Quints voiced by Candi Milo): Mr. Quint is one of George's country friends, an avid fisherman and one of a set of quintuplets. His siblings include a sister who is a track runner (Sprint, voiced by Annie Mumolo), a brother who is a train-station master (Flint), a brother who is a police officer (Wint), and a sister who prints money (Mint).
Jagger (vocal effects by Rob Paulsen) is a rooster who's very protective of those hens in the hen yard.
Hamilton (vocal effects by Rob Paulsen) is a pig.
Dumpling (vocal effects by Frank Welker) is a duck.
Dottie (vocal effects by Jeff Bennett) is a deer.
Voice cast
Frank Welker — Curious George, Tony Pizza, Dumpling Duck, Stig, Flint Quint, Bill's Bunnies, Various characters
Jeff Bennett — Ted Shackleford (credited as "The Man with the Yellow Hat"), Alvin Einstein, Mr. Renkins, Various characters
William H. Macy (Season 1 only)Rino Romano — Narrator
Rob Paulsen — Compass, Charkie, Mr. Glass, Hamilton the Pig, Jagger the Rooster, Blanche the Goat, Mr. Dulson, Mr. Ruffweek, Various characters
Jim Cummings — Chef Pisghetti, Jumpy Squirrel, Mr. Quint, Rodney, Various characters
Debi Derryberry — Gnocchi (Season 1 only), Lucky the Kitten, Mrs. Dulson
Bill Chott (Season 1 only)Lex Lang — The Doorman, Hundley
Dee Bradley Baker — Gnocchi
B. J. Ward — Aunt Margaret
E. G. Daily — Steve, Andie, Various characters
Grey DeLisle — Betsy, Marco, Dorothy, Molly Zucchini, Various characters
Susan Silo — Netti Pisghetti
Lara Jill Miller — Allie
Kevin Michael Richardson — Dr. Baker, Toots, Stew, Various characters
James Arnold Taylor — Leo Zucchini
Tara Strong — Claire Zucchini, Various characters
Carlos Alazraqui — Mr. Zoobel
Jess Harnell — Dinwoodie
Amber Hood — Carla
Annie Mumolo — Bill
Rolonda Watts — Professor Wiseman
Kath Soucie — Mrs. Renkins
Carol Burnett – Great Aunt Sylvia
Episodes
The setting for most episodes is either the city, where George lives in an apartment building with the Man in the Yellow Hat, or the country, where they share a small house near a lake called Lake Wanasinklake (on rare occasions, both settings are featured). This allows George to mirror the experiences of kids who live in an urban environment and those who live on farms and in suburbs. A few episodes take place in alternate but familiar settings, like an airport or a train station.
Broadcast and release
The show premiered on PBS through PBS Kids in the United States and through CITV in the United Kingdom in 2006 and Family Jr. in Canada in 2015. Season 10 premiered on PBS and the series made its debut on the PBS Kids 24/7 channel the same day. All seasons are available on Peacock and PBS Kids with the first 9 seasons exclusive to Peacock Premium and Hulu.
Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas, an animated television film, was released on November 25, 2009. It was distributed by PBS and produced by Imagine Entertainment and Universal Animation Studios. The film is a holiday television special featuring George, as featured in the TV series, wondering what to give The Man in The Yellow Hat who is also wondering what to give George. It is shown every Christmas season on PBS Kids.
Awards
Emmy Award
2008 – Outstanding Children's Animated Program
2010 – Outstanding Children's Animated Program
References
External links
2000s American animated television series
2010s American animated television series
2020s American animated television series
2000s American children's comedy television series
2010s American children's comedy television series
2020s American children's comedy television series
2006 American television series debuts
2000s preschool education television series
2010s preschool education television series
2020s preschool education television series
American children's animated comedy television series
American preschool education television series
American television shows based on children's books
American television series with live action and animation
American television series revived after cancellation
Animated preschool education television series
Mathematics education television series
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program winners
Curious George
English-language television shows
PBS original programming
PBS Kids shows
Peacock (streaming service) original programming
Peacock (streaming service) children's programming
Family Jr. original programming
Animated television shows based on films
Animated television series about children
Animated television series about monkeys
Animated television series about dogs
Animated television series about cats
Animated television series about squirrels
Television series by Universal Animation Studios
Television series by Imagine Entertainment
Television series by WGBH | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curious%20George%20%28TV%20series%29 |
-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid -tryptophan used in the production of niacin.
Kynurenine is synthesized by the enzyme tryptophan dioxygenase, which is made primarily but not exclusively in the liver, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which is made in many tissues in response to immune activation. Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out diverse biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. Some cancers increase kynurenine production, which increases tumor growth.
Evidence suggests that increased kynurenine production may precipitate depressive symptoms associated with interferon treatment for hepatitis C. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in the enzymes that break down kynurenine. Blood levels of kynurenine are reduced in people with bipolar disorder. Kynurenine production is increased in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease where its metabolites are associated with cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms. Kynurenine is also associated with tics.
Kynureninase catabolizes the conversion of kynurenine into anthranilic acid while kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase catabolizes its conversion into kynurenic acid. Kynurenine 3-hydroxylase converts kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine.
Kynurenine has also been identified as one of two compounds that makes up the pigment that gives the goldenrod crab spider its yellow color.
Kynurenine pathway dysfunction
Dysfunctional states of distinct steps of the kynurenine pathway (such as kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine) have been described for a number of disorders, including:
HIV dementia
Tourette syndrome
Tic disorders
Psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, anxiety disorders)
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington's disease
Encephalopathies
Lipid metabolism
Liver fat metabolism
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Glutaric aciduria
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome
Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome
Downregulation of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) can be caused by genetic polymorphisms, cytokines, or both. KMO deficiency leads to an accumulation of kynurenine and to a shift within the tryptophan metabolic pathway towards kynurenine acid and anthranilic acid. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase deficiency is associated with disorders of the brain (e.g. major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, tic disorders) and of the liver.
See also
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)
-Formylkynurenine
References
Alpha-Amino acids
Human metabolites
NMDA receptor antagonists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynurenine |
Jeremy Scott (born August 8, 1975) is an American fashion designer. He is the sole owner of his namesake label, and from October 2013 to March 2023 was the creative director of the fashion house Moschino. Since launching his brand in Paris in 1997, Scott has built a reputation as "pop culture's most irreverent designer", and "fashion's last rebel".
Known for his designs of clothes, accessories and footwear for Adidas and Moschino, Scott has consistently worked with various celebrities such as Björk, Madonna, Katy Perry, CL and 2NE1, Nicki Minaj, Fergie, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga, Ariana Grande, Kanye West, Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, Selena Gomez, Justin Bieber, ASAP Rocky, M.I.A., Rita Ora, Cardi B, and Grimes. As an early proponent of blending high fashion with street style, he creates designs often incorporating pop-culture icons.
Early life and education
Scott was born in 1975 in Kansas City, Missouri. He grew up partly on a farm in Lowry City and partly in a suburb outside Kansas City. Jeremy was interested in fashion from an early age. At 14, he began studying French and took night courses in Japanese because he was determined to become a fashion designer. In high school, he drew fashion in his notebooks and was bullied because of his dressing style. He discovered runway fashion in Details, looking up to Jean Paul Gaultier, Martin Margiela, Thierry Mugler, and Franco Moschino as role models. In 1992, Scott moved to New York to study fashion design at Pratt Institute, one of the city's Art and Design colleges, where he wore sci-fi-inspired clothes, "1880s vs 1980s" outfits, and shredded and decaying clothes. Scott did an internship in the New York offices of Aeffe, the company that owns Moschino.
Career
Debut in Paris
After graduating in 1996, Scott moved to Paris. While looking for a job in the fashion industry, he was forced to scrounge meals and sleep in the Metro. When he ran into a PR for Jean Paul Gaultier who liked his hair (Scott cut his own hair since he was five), he got a job promoting parties at a nightclub. Not having any luck with fashion jobs, he decided to create his own brand.
The following season, in 1997, Jeremy Scott, the brand, made its debut in a bar near Bastille. The show was based on the J. G. Ballard book and David Cronenberg film Crash, with most of the material coming from paper hospital gowns. Scraps of fabric from the Porte de Clignancourt flea market resembling garbage bags were used in the follow-up show, all in black, which was described by Scott as "Blade Runner, trash bags and the apocalypse." The collection was later exhibited in the influential Parisian shop Colette, which has carried Jeremy Scott ever since.
His third collection, all in white, was a critical hit. It won awards and attracted Mario Testino, the editor of French Vogue, and Carlyne Cerf de Dudzeele, a French stylist, art director and photographer. The white show was the first runway appearance of the soon-to-be-supermodel Devon Aoki, who was only 13 at the time. (Twenty years later, the pair would collaborate again on Scott's Autumn/Winter 2016 campaign.) Björk was an early adopter, wearing an angel dress from the white show for her Homogenic world tour. Scott would provide costumes on several of her tours.
In the same year, Scott made a show about 1980s decadence (sable, shoulder pads, big hair, gold lamé) as maybe the first designer to revive the eighties. The models' unbalanced heels were designed by Christian Louboutin. Opposing the prevalent minimalism, the show was panned by Vogue and others. Scott himself considers "the gold show" as the hardest moment of his career.
His 1998 spring collection titled "Duty Free Glamour" featured flight-attendant inspired looks and khaki jackets plastered with logos. Writing in The Times, the fashion critic Cathy Horyn pointed out the original use of the experience of a Midwesterner as a foil to jet set glamour. Karl Lagerfeld said that Scott was the only person working in fashion who could take over Chanel after he left.
In 2001 Scott left Paris for Los Angeles. It was seen as a surprising move, since Los Angeles was not yet a fashion capital at the time.
The Adidas collaboration
Scott had cemented his reputation as a cult label with fervid fans, particularly in Asia, but he was still on the fringe of the fashion establishment, as he was considered neither "serious" nor "commercial". He closed one show in 2001 by throwing fake banknotes with his face printed on them into the audience. At the close of another show, he shouted: "Vive l’avant-garde!", and left yellow T-shirts stamped with the message on every seat.
In 2006, Scott started his ongoing collaboration with the French leather-goods company Longchamp, which makes bags for front-row guests at his fashion shows.
Scott first worked with Adidas in 2002 for the "!Signed" project, for which he created a silk jacquard with a motif of money scattered around with his own likeness replacing that of George Washington. The design was on the Adidas classic high top model, the Forum. The shoe was handmade in the Adidas factory in Scheinfeld, Germany. There were only 100 pairs made: 50 went to Scott and 50 went to Adidas. Scott would revisit the design with Money Wings 2.0 in Fall/Winter 2013.
However, his best-known Adidas collaboration came in 2008, when Adidas Originals launched Scott's collection of footwear and apparel that included JS Wings (winged high-tops) and JS Bears (furry sneakers with teddy bear heads). With early co-signs from rappers like Lil Wayne, Scott's footwear gained him mass appeal. His sneakers are considered "some of the most eye-catching sneakers ever seen", making "an indisputable imprint on the shoe landscape". Over the years, his iconic wings adorned many different Adidas silhouettes. He also applied them to other objects for other clients, including Smart cars and baby prams.
He collaborated with Swatch in 2011, creating three watch designs that were hailed as the return of Swatch to its "uber-fun Eighties roots" with Scott's "pop aesthetic, fun twist and overstated form".
Scott starred in the Adidas 2012 print and video campaign with Nicki Minaj, Sky Ferreira and 2NE1. Madonna's dancers in the 2012 Super Bowl halftime show wore Jeremy Scott track suits for Adidas Originals.
In June 2012, Adidas decided that a pair of sneakers designed by Scott called the JS Roundhouse Mids would not be sold after the shoes were criticised for their bright yellow handcuffs which, as some believed, were "shackles" alluding to slavery. Scott denied that the shoes had anything to do with slavery, stating it was a reference to the children's toy My Pet Monster.
For his Fall 2012 collection, Scott introduced 1990s nostalgia, with several computer references like a printed gloved-hand cursor and '90s-era Mac screenshots. He made a show-closing homage to Lisa Frank with a vacuum-formed plexiglass bustier encrusted in hundreds of Frank stickers.
In February 2013, Scott plagiarized designs from Santa Cruz Skateboards. Santa Cruz and Scott reached a settlement whereby Scott ceased production of his collection.
He debuted his first fragrance for Adidas on February 1, 2015, in a glass replica of his Adidas winged sneakers. In the 2016 film Suicide Squad, the character Harley Quinn wears high-top heels from Jeremy Scott's 2014 collaboration with Adidas.
Creative director at Moschino
In October 2013 Scott became Moschino's creative director. After turning down several other offers, he chose the Italian label because it had a similarly irreverent approach, its founder Franco Moschino seeing fashion as a form of protest.
After redesigning the entire Pre-Fall collection, Scott showed his first Moschino collection in fall 2014. He re-told the fashion gags of Franco Moschino (rubbish bags, witty slogans, beefeater hats) through the eyes of an American (McDonald's handbags, popcorn dresses, nutrition-label ballgowns, SpongeBob SquarePants fur coats). An example of his proceeding was a vis-a-vis jacket in McDonald's colors (ketchup-red and bright yellow) with a matching quilted leather handbag bearing a golden "M" in the shape of a heart. His first Moschino fragrance was called Moschino Toy. The bottle literally looked like a teddy bear, with the spray nozzle under its head.
In his 2015 manifesto in The Guardian, Scott described his approach to American consumer culture: "An image of Mickey Mouse is understood in Mumbai, Timbuktu and Los Angeles in the same way. It's a clear message even if you subvert it by, say, putting Mickey ears on an army helmet (as I did in 2007)... A lot of my collections are informed by nostalgia." In fact, his fashion is often humorous: a 2016 show included a handbag that looked like a box of Marlboro Reds and bore the warning Fashion Kills.
In August 2015, Scott was sued along with Moschino for copyright infringement in relation to the Moschino Fall/Winter 2015 clothing line. The garments in question included "literal copies" of the plaintiff's work, according to the original complaint filed. The suit was settled out of court.
His Moschino Fall/Winter 2016 collection was inspired by the Florentine Bonfire of the Vanities of 1497. Dresses featured shards of mirrors, a fallen grand chandelier, and the innards of a destroyed grand piano. In a technical first, a few dresses were followed by trails of smoke on the runway because of integrated smoke machines inside them. At the same time, the Fall 2016 collection of his personal brand in New York included cartoony Max Headroom and rockabilly guitar prints, glitzy high-heeled cowboy boots, and cow print denim. It was called "Cowboys and Poodles" after a vintage store on Melrose Avenue in Los Angeles that introduced the 1950s rockabilly culture to the 1980s punks.
Scott created a TV commercial for the Moschino Barbie doll, which he wrote and art-directed, based on toy commercials of the eighties and nineties. It attracted attention as the first Barbie commercial to feature a boy. For the Moschino Spring/Summer 2017 collection, Scott commented on the internet generation's fixation on 2D screens. He used trompe-l'œil techniques to render Moschino's gold accessories, leather jackets, and larger-than-life branding in 2D, including life-sized pull tabs and stuck-on accessories of paper dolls of old.
Scott has been credited with reviving the Moschino brand, boosting its sales and turning it into a fan favorite.
On 20th March 2023, he announced his exit from the Creative Director position at Moschino.
Designing for celebrities
An important part of Scott's work has been outfitting show business celebrities such as Beyoncé, Rihanna, Lady Gaga, and Nicki Minaj. Some of them, like Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, and CL, have collaborated with him so frequently that they have earned the nickname "the Jezza posse". Scott described his work with celebrities: "I understand the language of pop culture, and these people are totems of pop culture."
In January 2015, Scott created the costumes for the Super Bowl XLIX Half Time show performance of pop star Katy Perry. Perry introduced his custom bustier on the cover of Rolling Stone. The designer and the singer started collaborating ten years earlier, before Perry's first album came out.
Rihanna wore Jeremy Scott denim bra top and circle skirt in the "We Found Love" music video. The retro-futuristic stewardess frock worn by Britney Spears in her "Toxic" video was made by Scott. He designed Lady Gaga's outfit in "Paparazzi". For the 2015 Metropolitan Museum of Art's Anna Wintour Costume Center gala, Scott dressed Perry, as well as Madonna, whom he considers the original music/fashion icon. At the 2016 Met Gala, his outfits were worn by Nicki Minaj and Demi Lovato.
Scott dressed The Muppets' Miss Piggy for a photoshoot with Kermit the Frog as Andy Warhol. He has dressed Piggy on more than one occasion, including her front row appearance at his fashion show and for The Muppets world premiere. As the creative director for MTV Video Music Awards 2015, he redesigned the Moonman statuette.
Scott has been called fashion's equivalent of Andy Warhol. The Vulgar: Fashion Redefined, a British exhibition themed around different concepts of vulgarity, included Scott's sweet wrapper-themed dresses alongside Warhol's Souper Dress in the pop art-centric "Too Popular" section.
Film Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer
Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer is a 2015 documentary film directed by Vlad Yudin detailing the life of Scott and his rise in the fashion industry. It was released on September 18, 2015. It features appearances by Katy Perry, Rihanna, Miley Cyrus, Rita Ora, Paris Hilton, ASAP Rocky and CL from 2NE1.
Awards and honors
Scott won the ANDAM Fashion Award in 2000 and the Womenswear Designer of the Year award at the Annual Fashion Los Angeles Awards in 2015. He won the Venus de la Mode award for best new designer in 1998 and 1999 for his second and third collections and was nominated for Best Young Designer of 1999 by the Council of Fashion Designers of America.
Scott was the featured Guest Designer at the 88th Pitti Uomo, Florence's premier bi-annual menswear tradeshow. His Adidas sneakers were included in the Brooklyn Museum's "The Rise of Sneaker Culture" exhibit. He has agreed to hold a retrospective of his fashions at the Dallas Contemporary museum in 2017, on the 20th anniversary of his debut.
Personal life
Jeremy's parents are Jim, an engineer, and Sandy, a teacher. Jeremy has two older siblings, Barbara, a lawyer, and James. Since he began designing, members of his family have attended almost every show.
Scott owns two houses designed by John Lautner: the Foster-Carling House (1947) in the Hollywood Hills and the Elrod House (1969) in Palm Springs. He is a vegetarian.
Jeremy Scott is gay and has been open about his sexuality since the age of 14.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
American fashion designers
American pop artists
High fashion brands
LGBT fashion designers
LGBT people from Missouri
Artists from Kansas City, Missouri
Pratt Institute alumni
People from Lowry City, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Scott |
Leslie Henry Hunter (August 16, 1942 – March 27, 2020) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA). Hunter played college basketball for the Loyola Ramblers and was the starting center on their NCAA championship team in 1963. He was a two-time ABA All-Star.
Early life
Hunter was born in Nashville, Tennessee. A forward/center, Hunter attended Pearl High School and Loyola University Chicago. He played alongside Vic Rouse at Pearl High School and the two would later attend Loyola University together. Hunter and Rouse led Pearl to 54 consecutive victories and black national high school championships in 1958, 1959 and 1960.
College career
At Loyola, Hunter was the starting center, of the team that upset the University of Cincinnati in overtime to win the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. Hunter and the other four Loyola starters played the entire game, without substitution. In a 1963 first-round Mideast Regional victory by Hunter and the Ramblers over Tennessee Tech, 111–42, remains a record margin of victory for an NCAA men's basketball tournament game.
In 1961–1962, as a sophomore, Hunter made his varsity debut and averaged 12.8 points and 8.7 rebounds, as Loyola finished 23–4 under Coach George Ireland and made the Final Four of the 12-team 1962 National Invitation Tournament (NIT) at Madison Square Garden in New York City.
As a junior in 1962–1963, Hunter averaged 17.0 points (on 53% shooting) with 11.4 rebounds, as Loyola finished 29–2 and captured the 1963 NCAA Championship. Hunter was second on the team to Jerry Harkness in scoring and Vic Rouse in rebounding. Hunter was named to the NCAA All-Tournament team. After playing well in victories over Tennessee Tech (111–42), Mississippi State with Bailey Howell (61–51), and Illinois (79–54), Hunter had 29 points and 18 rebounds in the Ramblers' 92–75 Semi-Final victory over Duke. Hunter then scored 16 points with 11 rebounds in the 60–58 overtime NCAA Championship game against Cincinnati and . In the championship game overtime, Rouse scored “The Shot Heard ‘Round the Basketball World,” as he rebounded a Hunter missed shot from 12 feet (after a pass from Jerry Harkness) and make the game-winning putback at the buzzer.
Hunter described the last moments: “See, I was going in to try and rebound Jerry’s shot, but he tricked me and threw me the ball, I had to stop and adjust my shot. It’s hard to make a jumper if you’re floating; the laws of physics dictate that. But Vic went up and tipped it in. Vic and I had played on the same team in high school,” he said. “I told him, ‘We stayed together just for this moment.' ”
In his senior year, 1963–1964, Hunter led Loyola to a 22–6 record, averaging 21.4 points and 15.3 rebounds, as the Ramblers made the 1964 NCAA University Division basketball tournament. Hunter had 13 points and 22 rebounds in a 101–91 win against Murray State and 25 points and 6 rebounds in a 84–80 loss to Michigan with Cazzie Russell and Bill Buntin. In his final game, the 3rd place Mideast NCAA Regional game, Hunter scored 27 points with 18 rebounds in a 100–91 victory over Coach Adolph Rupp and his Kentucky Wildcats.
In his varsity career at Loyola, Hunter led the Ramblers to a 74–12 record, scoring 1472 total points, with 1074 total rebounds. Hunter averaged a double-double of 17.1 points and 11.8 rebounds in his 86 career games.
Professional career
Hunter was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 11th pick overall (2nd round) of the 1964 NBA draft.
On June 18, 1964, Hunter was traded by the Pistons with Bob Ferry, Bailey Howell, Wali Jones, and Don Ohl to the Baltimore Bullets for Terry Dischinger, Don Kojis and Rod Thorn. Hunter played for one season (1964–1965) in the NBA with the Bullets. He averaged 1.8 points and 2.4 rebounds in 4 minutes per game over 24 games.
In 1965–1966 and 1966–1967, Hunter played for the Twin City Sailors of the North American Basketball League (NABL). He averaged 23.1 points and 13.0 rebounds for the Sailors in 1966–1967.
Hunter was drafted in the American Basketball Association Draft (ABA) by the newly formed league and was signed by the Minnesota Muskies in 1967. He averaged 17.6 points and 9.6 rebounds in his first ABA season. Hunter had 7 points and 8 rebounds playing in the first ABA All-Star Game in January 1968. The Muskies finished 50–28 under Coach Jim Pollard, defeating the Kentucky Colonels 3–2 in the playoffs before losing to the eventual ABA Champion Pittsburgh Pipers 4–1 in the Eastern Division Finals, despite Hunter averaging 21.4 points in the playoffs.
Hunter scored 12 points with 6 rebounds in the 1969 ABA All-Star Game. He averaged 16.7 points and 9.6 rebounds and 1.6 points for the Miami Floridians in 1968-1968 as the original Minnesota franchise moved to Miami. The Floridians finished 48–35 under coach Pollard, defeating the relocated Minnesota Pipers 4–3 in the playoffs before losing 4–1 to the Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Division Finals, as Hunter averaged 11.7 points and 8.8 rebounds in the playoffs.
With the New York Nets in 1969–1970, Hunter averaged 16.4 points, 8.5 rebounds, and 2.7 assists, playing under Coach York Larese for the 39–45 Nets. Hunter averaged 16.1 points and 6.0 rebounds in a seven-game playoff series loss to the Kentucky Colonels.
Overall, Hunter played six seasons (1967–1973) in the ABA with the Minnesota Muskies (1967–1968)/Miami Floridians (1968–1969), New York Nets (1969–1971), Kentucky Colonels (1970–1972), and Memphis Tams (1972–1973). Overall, Hunter scored 5,735 points in his professional career and was a two-time ABA All-Star.
Hunter played in the first ABA All-Star game in 1968 in Indianapolis, Indiana alongside Hall of Fame inductees Larry Brown, Cliff Hagan, Mel Daniels, Louie Dampier, Roger Brown and Connie Hawkins.
Hunter averaged 12.8 points, 7.1 rebounds and 1.7 assists in his 444 career American Basketball Association games.
Life after basketball
After retiring from basketball, Hunter moved to Kansas City in 1976. He owned a restaurant for ten years and worked as an instructor helping students who did not graduate take online classes to complete high school.
In 2018, Hunter was teaching math at a community college near his Overland Park home in suburban Kansas City, wearing a Loyola cap to class during the NCAA tournament. He died on March 27, 2020, from cancer at the age of 77.
Awards and honors
On July 11, 2013, in the Oval Office of the White House, Hunter and former Loyola teammates John Egan, Jerry Harkness and Ron Miller met with President Barack Obama to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the school's 1963 national championship. To date it remains the only NCAA Division I basketball championship won by a university from the state of Illinois.
In September 2013, the entire 1963 Loyola Ramblers NCAA Championship basketball team was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame.
The 1963 Loyola Ramblers were inducted in the College Basketball Hall of Fame in November 2013, making it the first team inducted into the Hall of Fame.
In 2016, Hunter and Pearl teammate Vic Rouse were inducted into the Metro Nashville Public Schools Sports Hall of Fame.
1991, Hunter was inducted into the Loyola Athletics Hall of Fame and his No. 41 was retired.
References
Further reading
Ramblers: Loyola Chicago 1963 – The Team That Changed the Color of College Basketball by Michael Lenehan, published by Agate Publishing, February 18, 2013.
External links
Les Hunter College Stats collegiate stats
Loyola's Title Was Turning Point for NCAA Hoops
1942 births
2020 deaths
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) players
Basketball players from Nashville, Tennessee
Detroit Pistons draft picks
Kentucky Colonels players
Loyola Ramblers men's basketball players
Memphis Tams players
Miami Floridians players
Minnesota Muskies players
New York Nets players
Power forwards (basketball) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Hunter%20%28basketball%29 |
The Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui at Pukenamu, Queen's Park Whanganui is currently closed for redevelopment. The temporary premises at Sarjeant on the Quay, 38 Taupo Quay currently house the Sarjeant Collection, and all exhibitions and events. The Sarjeant Gallery is a regional art museum with a collection of international and New Zealand art.
Founding and building
The Sarjeant was built as the result of a bequest to the city by Henry Sarjeant in 1912. Sarjeant bequeathed the money "for the inspiration of ourselves and those who come after us." A competition was held to select an architect for the project; the winner was Dunedin architect Edmund Anscombe, but it is likely the actual design was completed by a young student in his offices names Donald Hosie. The cruciform, neo-classical style gallery was opened in 1919. Four galleries branch off a central space capped with an oculus in a hemispherical dome.
The building is registered with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now Heritage New Zealand) as a Category I Historic Place with registration number 167, and has the highest possible listing under the New Zealand Historic Places Trust Act.
Collections
There are more than 8,300 artworks in the gallery's collection, spanning 400 years. Initially focused on 19th and early 20th century British and European art but, given the expansive terms of the will of benefactor Henry Sarjeant, the collection now spans 16th century through to the 21st century. Among the collections are historic and modern works in all media – on paper, sculptures, pottery, ceramics and glass; bronze works; video art; and paintings by contemporary artists and old masters. International artists featured in the collection include Edward Coley Burne-Jones, Domenico Piola, Frank Brangwyn, Bernardino Poccetti, Gaspard Dughet, William Richmond, William Etty, Lelio Orsi, Frederick Goodall, and Augustus John. Among the New Zealand born or based artists featured in the collection are Colin McCahon, Ralph Hotere, Pat Hanly, Peter Nicholls, Charles Frederick Goldie, Gottfried Lindauer and Petrus van der Velden.
The Sarjeant also has a major collection of the works of Whanganui-born painter Edith Collier, and the most significant collection of works by Joan Grehan, also Whanganui-born.
The majority of the collection is accessible online: Explore the Sarjeant Gallery collection
Tylee Cottage Residency
Since 1986, the Sarjeant Gallery has facilitated the Tylee Cottage Residency.
Sarjeant Gallery Redevelopment Project
The Christchurch-based architecture firm Warren and Mahoney won a competition for the redevelopment of the Sarjeant Gallery in 1999. This redevelopment includes seismic strengthening, restoration and the addition of a north-facing extension which will not be visible from the iconic south-facing facade.
In 2014, as fundraising for the redevelopment continued, the entire Sarjeant collection and gallery shifted to new, temporary premises on Taupo Quay, in central Whanganui where the exhibitions program is ongoing.
Leadership
The gallery's first professional Director was Gordon H. Brown, who took the role in 1974 and resigned in 1977. Brown implemented a programme of changing exhibitions and made important contemporary acquisitions for the collection. For most of the Sarjeant's contemporary history, the gallery was led by Brown's successor, Bill Milbank, who joined the organisation in 1975 and served as Director from 1978-2006. The Tylee Cottage Residency programme began during Milbank's tenure, as did the ongoing series of dome installations, which officially began with artist Billy Apple's removal of the sculpture, The Wrestlers in 1979, although there had been earlier installations. Greg Anderson took the role of Director next, remaining for 15 years before departing for a role at Auckland Art Gallery in late 2022. Former Te Uru Director, Andrew Clifford, was appointed at the end of 2022, taking up the role in March 2023.
References
External links
Art museums and galleries in New Zealand
Heritage New Zealand Category 1 historic places in Manawatū-Whanganui
Buildings and structures in Whanganui
Museums in Manawatū-Whanganui
1910s architecture in New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarjeant%20Gallery |
The Cars of the Stars Motor Museum was in the English town of Keswick, Cumbria, and owned a collection of celebrity television and film vehicles. The museum opened in and closed in . The sister site The Bond Museum in Keswick, with its over 30 original screen cars from the James Bond films, also closed at the same time.
Nearly all of the vehicles were sold to the American collector Michael Dezer. He relocated the collection to America, where he used it to establish a permanent Cars of the Stars exhibition at his Miami Auto Museum.
History
In 1982 the museum's founder, Peter Nelson, was approached for use of his MG TC in "The Spoils of War" television production. As a result, he formulated the idea of starting a motor museum with a focus on television and film-based vehicles. The Royal Oak Garage in central Keswick was purchased and refurbished to house the collection.
The museum opened to the public on 1 May 1989 and closed in May 2011. The museum's collection was relocated to the United States.
Collection
The collection included:
A Ford Anglia 105E, which had been used during the filming of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Both of the two remaining A-Team GMC vans
KITT (convertible) from Knight Rider
Batmobiles from the various Batman related films and television series
A DeLorean promotional replica from the Back to the Future films
One of the original Mr. Bean MkIV Austin Minis. (A replica of this is also at the National Motor Museum)
Laurel and Hardy's Model 'T' Ford
A comprehensive collection of vehicles from the James Bond films including at least five Aston Martins and a variety of other James Bond cars such as the Lotus Esprit, Toyota 2000GT, AMC Matador, and a BSA motorcycle
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang from the film of the same name
The Mad Max film Pursuit Special Ford Falcon XB GT Coupe
The Munsters' Munster Koach, a hot rod based on a lengthened 1923 Ford Model T chassis with a custom hearse body built by customizer George Barris
A life-sized replica of FAB1 from the supermarionation television series Thunderbirds
The Street Hawk Motorcycle
The yellow Reliant Regal van used in Only Fools and Horses
A Triumph Roadster 1800 as used in the detective series Bergerac
A Herbie Volkswagen Beetle as used in the film series of the same name
References
Automobile museums in England
Museums in Cumbria
Museums established in 1989
1989 establishments in England
Mass media museums in the United Kingdom
Museums disestablished in 2011
2011 disestablishments in England
Defunct museums in England
Keswick, Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cars%20of%20the%20Stars%20Motor%20Museum |
As You Like It is a 1936 British romantic comedy film directed by Paul Czinner and starring Laurence Olivier as Orlando and Elisabeth Bergner as Rosalind. It is based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. It was Olivier's first performance of Shakespeare on screen.
It was the final film of stage actors Leon Quartermaine and Henry Ainley, and featured an early screen role for Ainley's son Richard as Sylvius, as well as for John Laurie, who played Orlando's brother Oliver. (Laurie would go on to co-star with Olivier in the three Shakespearean films that Olivier directed.)
Bergner had previously played the role of Rosalind in her native Germany and her German accent is apparent in most of her scenes.
Synopsis
Duke Frederick (Felix Aylmer) has usurped and deposed his older brother, Duke Senior (Henry Ainley). Frederick allows the exiled Duke's daughter, Rosalind (Elisabeth Bergner), however, to stay, as she is the closest friend of his daughter, Celia (Sophie Stewart). Orlando (Laurence Olivier), who has been forced to flee his home due to the oppression from his brother, Oliver (John Laurie), comes to the Frederick's Duchy, and enters a wrestling tournament. On leaving the Duchy, Orlando encounters Rosalind, and it is love at first sight. Frederick then becomes angry, and banishes Rosalind. Celia decides to accompany her, along with a jester, Touchstone (Mackenzie Ward).
Rosalind and Celia disguise themselves as "Ganymede", a boy, and "Aliena", respectively, and venture into the Forest of Arden, where they eventually encounter the exiled Duke. Orlando, deeply in love, posts love poems on the trees in praise of Rosalind. Orlando comes across Ganymede, who tells him he can teach Orlando how to cure love by pretending to be Rosalind. At the same time, Phoebe (Joan White), a shepherdess, falls in love with Ganymede, though he (she) continually rejects her. Sylvius (Richard Ainley), a shepherd, is in love with Phoebe, which complicates the matter. Meanwhile, Touchstone attempts to marry the simple farmgirl, Audrey (Dorice Fordred), before he can be stopped by Jaques (Leon Quartermaine), a Lord who lives with the exiled Duke.
Orlando rescues Oliver from a lioness in the forest, causing Oliver to repent and re-embrace his brother. Ganymede, Orlando, Phoebe, and Silvius are brought together to sort out who marries whom. Ganymede proposes that Orlando promise to marry Rosalind, and Phoebe promise to marry Silvius if she cannot marry Ganymede. The next day, Rosalind reveals herself. Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, Silvius and Phoebe, and Touchstone and Audrey are all then married, and they learn that Frederick has also repented and decided to reinstate his brother as the Duke.
Cast
Production
The 1936 adaptation was directed in London by Paul Czinner, an Austrian Jew who fled his home country to avoid political persecution. The film stars his wife, Elizabeth Bergner, also an Austrian Jewish refugee. To the persecuted, the escape to the Forest of Arden does not simply represent, as Celia sees it, a place to spend time and relax so much as an escape to freedom. This view is reflected in the film created by refugees, and speaks to other refugees and exiles.
Music
The film is notable for being scored by William Walton, who was to become Olivier's longtime musical collaborator, scoring his films of Henry V, Hamlet and Richard III, and defending his score for the film Battle of Britain against its replacement by Ron Goodwin's.
Reception
Writing for The Spectator in 1936, Graham Greene gave the film a mixed review. When considering the film as a work of Shakespeare, Greene noted that the film maintained a relatively high level of faithfulness to the original play despite the British Board of Film Censors' disapprobation of anything remotely approaching immodesty. Greene praised the acting of Bergner and Olivier, although he expressed dissatisfaction with that of Ainley and Quartermaine. When considering the film as a cinematic experience, Greene found it to be "less satisfactory". Criticizing Czinner for treating the medium as little more than a larger stage with "far too many dull middle-length shots from a fixed camera", Greene suggested that the presentation of the story was disappointing.
Notes and references
External links
1936 films
1936 romantic comedy films
British romantic comedy films
British black-and-white films
20th Century Fox films
Films directed by Paul Czinner
Films based on As You Like It
Films scored by William Walton
Films produced by Joseph M. Schenck
British films based on plays
Films shot at Station Road Studios, Elstree
Films shot at British International Pictures Studios
1930s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20You%20Like%20It%20%281936%20film%29 |
Australia competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Australian athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games.
Medalists
Aquatics
Diving
A single diver represented Australia in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport. Eve won the gold medal in the plain high diving competition, Australia's first Olympic diving medal. He also finished fifth in the springboard event.
Ranks given are within the heat.
Swimming
Ranks given are within the heat.
* – Indicates athlete swam in the preliminaries but not in the final race.
Athletics
Nine athletes represented Australia in 1924. It was the nation's fifth appearance in the sport (excluding appearances as part of Australasia). Winter took the nation's only athletics medal of the Games, a gold in the triple jump.
Ranks given are within the heat.
Boxing
Three boxers represented Australia at the 1924 Games. It was the nation's debut in the sport, though an Australian had won a silver medal as part of the 1908 Australasia team. Sinclair was the only Australian to win a match in 1924; none of the Australian boxers advanced past the round of 16.
Cycling
Four cyclists represented Australia in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport.
Road cycling
Ranks given are within the heat.
Track cycling
Ranks given are within the heat.
Rowing
Ten rowers represented Australia in 1924. It was the nation's debut in the sport, though the 1912 Australasia team included rowers.
Ranks given are within the heat.
Tennis
Men
Wrestling
Freestyle wrestling
Men's
References
Andrews, Malcolm, Australia at the Olympics, ABC Books, 2000
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
sports-reference
Nations at the 1924 Summer Olympics
1924
Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%20at%20the%201924%20Summer%20Olympics |
Howard Hewett Jr. (born October 1, 1955) is an American singer–songwriter. Hewett rose to fame as the lead vocalist of the group Shalamar. In 1985, he left the group to pursue his solo career, but he later returned to the group in 2001. He signed with Elektra Records. In 1986, he released his debut solo album I Commit to Love. Hewett and his group Shalamar contributed material to the Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack. The soundtrack won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media in 1986.
Biography
Raised in Akron, Ohio, Hewett moved to Los Angeles in 1976, where he first met Jeffrey Daniel and Jody Watley at a club in the LA Crenshaw district. Hewett formed a show group called "Beverly Hills" and toured throughout Europe, the UK, Scandinavia and Asia for all of 1977 till the middle of 1978. After returning from overseas, Hewett started recording for Jeffrey Bowen.
In 1978, he got a call from Jeffrey Daniel who was in need of a lead singer and Hewett accepted the offer. Within three days Hewett flew to New Jersey, where he met up with Watley and Daniel and started recording the Big Fun LP with their producer, Leon Sylvers. The trio went on to record songs such as "Second Time Around", "Make That Move", "A Night to Remember", "Dancing in the Sheets" and the ballad "This Is for the Lover in You". Hewett was the group's lead singer from 1979 until 1985.
When Shalamar broke up in the mid-1980s, Hewett went on to a solid solo career. However, in 1985 before signing his solo deal with Elektra Records, he was arrested and indicted in Miami with his fiancée Mori Molina for possession with an intent to distribute cocaine. Molina, who was indicted in Tampa as well as Miami, was convicted and served prison time; but after a four-day trial, in which Molina testified that Hewett had nothing to do with the crime, Hewett was acquitted of all charges. In spite of his legal battles, Hewett signed his solo deal with Elektra Records and in 1986, before the Miami trial, released his first solo album I Commit to Love (R&B number 12), a solid urban album that yielded two top 10 R&B hits, "I’m for Real" (R&B number 2) and "Stay" (R&B number 8).
In 1988, he released his second album Forever and Ever, which featured the hits "Strange Relationship" (R&B number 9, and "Once, Twice, Three Times" (R&B number 15).
In 1990, Hewett released his self-titled album, which included the hit "Show Me" (R&B number 2), and "If I Could Only Have That Day Back" (R&B number 14). 1992 saw the release of his 4th album Allegiance, which was not received as well as his previous albums. He contributed to the second season theme song of Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, which was a remake of Sam & Dave's R&B Top 10 hit "Soul Man". This recording was produced by singer Steve Tyrell. In 1994, Howard Hewett recorded "Christmas Will Return" with Brenda Russell for the Disney holiday film The Santa Clause. After 1995's It's Time (released by Caliber Records in the US and Expansion Records in the UK), Hewett spent much of his time providing guest vocals on albums by jazz artists such as Joe Sample, Brian Culbertson, and George Duke, among others. In 2000, The Rippingtons featured Hewett on "I Found Heaven" on their Life in the Tropics album. In 2001, Hewett recorded his first full gospel album, The Journey, followed a year later by The Journey Live: From the Heart.
In October 2006, Hewett released a new single, "Enough" (with jazz musician George Duke), which received substantial play on urban contemporary and R&B radio stations. Hewett is signed to The Groove Records, an independent label based in Los Angeles. In October 2008, Hewett released his Christmas CD, Howard Hewett Christmas.
Personal life
Howard Hewett has been married four times. He and his first wife, Rainey Riley-Cunningham, had two daughters, LaKiva Siani and Rainey Daze; the two divorced in 1983. Hewett and Mari Molina married in 1986; the year of their divorce is unknown. Hewett and actress/singer Nia Peeples married in 1989 and had a son, Christopher Eugene Howard Hewett in June that same year; Peeples appeared in the music video for his song "Show Me." After their divorce in 1993, Hewett married Angela Bloom-Hewett and had one daughter, Anissa; they divorced in 2012. Howard also has three grandchildren. His son welcomed a boy, Robert Eugene (Bobby Gene) Callans on February 7, 2022. Hewett lives in Los Angeles, California and he is biracial.
According to a DNA analysis, Hewett is descended from the people of Guinea Bissau and of the Limba of Sierra Leone.
Discography
Studio albums
I Commit to Love (1986)
Forever and Ever (1988)
Howard Hewett (1990)
Allegiance (1992)
It's Time (1994)
The Journey (2001)
If Only (2007)
Filmography
B*A*P*S (1997) – Himself
Dolemite (1975) – Singer
References
External links
Official website
1955 births
American people of Sierra Leonean descent
American people of Bissau-Guinean descent
20th-century African-American male singers
African-American male singer-songwriters
Living people
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Musicians from Akron, Ohio
Grammy Award winners
Shalamar members
Singer-songwriters from Ohio
Elektra Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Hewett |
Kheti or Khety was an Ancient Egyptian name, borne by pharaohs and other nobility.
The name may refer to:
Pharaohs of the 9th or 10th Dynasty
Meryibre Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period
Nebkaure Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period
Wahkare Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period
Khety III, purported author of the Teaching for King Merykara, a treatise on kingship
Nobles
Khety I (nomarch), in Asyut during the 9th or 10th Dynasty
Khety II (nomarch), in Asyut during the 10th Dynasty and grandson of Khety I
Khety (BH17), nomarch in Men'at Khufu during the 11th Dynasty, buried in Beni Hasan
Kheti (treasurer), during the 11th Dynasty
Kheti, vizier famous for his impartiality, mentioned in the Installation of the Vizier and possibly to be identified with the one below
Kheti (vizier), 1800 BC, under Amenemhat III of the Twelfth Dynasty, mentioned in a papyrus found at Lahun
Kheti, or Dua-Kheti, author of The Satire of the Trades
Ancient Egyptian given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kheti |
According to the United States Internal Revenue Code certain losses are deductible for tax purposes. To qualify, the loss must not be compensated by insurance and it must be sustained during the taxable year. If the loss is a casualty or theft of the personal, family, or living property of the taxpayer, the loss must result from an event that is identifiable, damaging, and sudden, unexpected, and unusual in nature. Examples are hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. A house that suffers from termite damage would not generally qualify because it is considered to be gradual and progressive. The loss is reduced by a $100 per event and the total loss might be reduced by the 10% of adjusted gross income floor.
Case law
Smith v. Commissioner (1939)
References
External links
https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc515.html
Taxation in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax-deductible%20loss |
The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary or commonly known as the Dominican Church () at Dominikánske námestie (English: Dominican Square) is the oldest church in Košice, Slovakia, and also the oldest preserved building in the town.
History
In the first written document from 1303 it is mentioned as an already existing church. It was built in about 1290. The oldest part of the church is the Romanesque nave with narrow windows. During the Baroque reconstruction they had been broadened into the present shape. The sanctuary is built in the Gothic style as well as the tower on the northern joint of the nave with the sanctuary. The 68 metres high conical tower is the highest in Košice.
After a big fire in 1556, the damaged church served as a store-house up to the beginning of the 18th century, when it was rebuilt in the Baroque style.
Interior
The interior is richly decorated with wall paintings. The ceiling was painted in the years 1750-1758 by Štefan Voroš. The main altar illustrates the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The altar of the Rosary Virgin Mary is also to be mentioned as it is believed that the Rosary is the idea of Saint Dominic, the founder of the Dominican Order. Paintings and statues in the church represent the most famous of numerous Dominican saints: Dominic de Guzman, Catherine of Siena, Thomas Aquinas or the Dominican nun Margaret, daughter of the King Béla IV.
Gallery
See also
Košice
References
External links
Dominicans in Košice
Churches in Košice
Dominican churches
13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Slovakia
Gothic architecture in Slovakia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20Assumption%20of%20the%20Virgin%20Mary%2C%20Ko%C5%A1ice |
Chile is a predominantly Christian country, with adherents of Islam being a minuscule minority. Due to the secular nature of Chile's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country.
The statistics for Islam in Chile estimate a total Muslim population of approximately 5,000, representing less than 0.02% of the population. There are a number of Islamic organizations in Chile, including the "Muslim Society of Chile and As-Salam Mosque" () in Santiago, Chile, "Bilal Mosque"(Mezquita Bilal) in Iquique, the "Mohammed VI Cultural Center" (Centro Cultural Mohammed VI) in Coquimbo, and Islamic Foundation of Chile in Santiago.
History
According to Chronicles of the History of Chile by Aurelio Díaz Meza, there was a man in the expedition of discoverer Diego de Almagro, called Pedro de Gasco who was a morisco, or Muslim from Spain who was forced to convert from Islam to Catholicism. The coming of moriscos was covered by history but, recently scholars of Chilean history have started acknowledging the country's Moorish heritage and its effects on the development of Chilean culture and identity.
It is known that in 1854 two “Turks” resided in the country, a situation that was repeated in the censuses of 1865 and 1875. Their country of origin is not known, just that they were natives of some territory of the immense Ottoman Empire, and this was followed two years later by the first major wave of Muslims to Chile began in 1856, with the arrival of Arab immigrants from the Ottoman Empire territories consisting of today's Syria, Lebanon and Palestine.
According to the 1885 census, the number of “Turks” had risen to 29, but there is no precise information on their origin and their faith, since religion was not included in that census. However, the census of 1895 registered the presence of 76 “Turks”, 58 of them Muslims, who were primarily concentrated in the north of Chile in Tarapacá, Atacama, Valparaiso, and Santiago. In the census of 1907, the Muslim population was reported to have increased to 1,498 people, all of them foreigners. They were 1,183 men and 315 women, representing only 0.04 percent of the population, although this was recorded as the highest percentage of Muslims in Chile's history. In 1920 a new census showed that the number of Muslims had decreased to 402, with 343 men and 59 women. The greatest numbers were in Santiago and Antofagasta, with 76 in each province. The latest census figures from 2002 found a total of 2,894 Muslims living in Chile (0.03% of the population over 15), 66% of whom were men. The previous census of 1992 did not include Islam as an alternative.
In Santiago, the first Islamic institution of Chile, the Society of Muslim Union of Chile (Sociedad Unión Musulmana), was founded on 25 September 1926. Later, on 16 October 1927, the Society of Mutual Aids and Islamic Charity was established. With the 1952 census, the number of Muslims had risen again to 956. The majority lived in Santiago, with the rest of the population scattered in the provinces of Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, O'Higgins, Concepción, Malleco, Cautín and Valdivia, without much organization among them. Their numbers decreased again, so that by 1960 there were only 522, with the majority of 209 living in Santiago. A decade later, the number of Muslims had increased to 1,431. However, the census did not indicate whether they were men or women, nationals or foreigners. Nevertheless, they were spread throughout the country.
In 1988, the construction of the mosque of Santiago named Mezquita As-Salam was initiated by Sheikh Taufiq Rumie', who had led the Muslim community for more than sixty years. The mosque was finished in 1989 and was inaugurated by a prince of Malaysia in 1996, and it was reported that by end of the 1980s, some indigenous Chileans had also converted to Islam, with numbers increasing after the completion of the mosque. Muslim Chilean population was increased by the presence of foreign trade and investment from Muslim countries. Many Malaysian businessmen and their families settled Chile after the inauguration of the mosque by a Malaysian prince. Due to the external interference, and especially to the strengthening of Shia Islam by part of the Iranian help in 1996, they inaugurated Centro de Cultura Islámica, in Las Condes, Santiago, where they consolidated a Shi'ite Muslim community who mostly arrived in Chile in the 19th century. Most Shi'ite Muslim Chileans are of Iranian blood, they may still speak Persian and/or other Iranian language, aside from Arabic and Spanish. In 1997, Pakistani retailers purchased land for the construction of the Bilal Mosque and madrasa in Iquique, which was completed in 1999. Following the death of Sheikh Taufiq Rumie' in 1998, Usama Abu Gazaleh was elected Imam of the mosque following the passing of Taufiq Rumie'.
Infrastructure
Through the 1970s and 1980s, there were no religious leaders or centers for praying. Muslims who maintained the faith met in the residence of Taufik Rumie’ Dalu, a trader of Syrian origin. In 1990 the construction of the Al-Salam Mosque began, the first in the country. In 1995 another mosque was inaugurated in Temuco, and 1998 a new one in Iquique. Sources of the Islamic community indicate that at the moment, in Chile, there are 3,000 Muslims. Many of those are Chileans who, as a result of their conversion, have even changed their names. In spite of the small number of believers, they are not a homogenous community. The majority are Sunni, and the rest are Shiites, Sufi groups have also arisen.
Today
There are a number of organizations founded by the Muslim community in Chile, including:
Asociación Islámica de Chile (Islamic Association of Chile).
Centro de Cultura y Beneficencia Islámico.
Centro Chileno Islámico de Cultura de Puerto Montt.
Fundación Islámica de Chile (Islamic Foundation of Chile).
See also
Latin American Muslims
Islamic Organization of Latin America
Latino Muslims
Arab Chilean
References
External links
Centro Islámico de Cultura/ Islamic Centre of Culture (Centro Islámico de Cultura)
The Muslim Community in Chile: Origins and Dreams
Fundación Islámica de Chile / Islamic Foundation of Chile
Halal Certification Center Of Chile Chilehalal (Halal Certification)
2nd Conference on Halal Food & Control Chile 2013 HalalExpoChile 2013
Chile
Chile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Chile |
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the main metabolite of serotonin. In chemical analysis of urine samples, 5-HIAA is used to determine serotonin levels in the body.
Clinical significance
5-HIAA is tested by 24-hour urine samples combined with an acidic additive to maintain pH below 3. Certain foods like pineapple, kiwi, banana, walnuts and drugs such as acetaminophen, nicotine or caffeine are known to interfere with the measurement. 5-HIAA levels can vary depending on other complications, including tumors, kidney malfunction, and small bowel resection.
Since 5-HIAA is a metabolite of serotonin, testing is most frequently performed for the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors of the enterochromaffin (Kultschitzsky) cells of the small intestine, which release large amounts of serotonin. Values greater than 25 mg per 24 hours (higher if the patient has malabsorption) are strong evidence for carcinoid. The normal range is 2 to 6 mg per 24 hours.
Low levels of 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid have been associated with aggressive behavior and suicide by violent means, correlating with diminished serotonin levels.
Elevated serotonin (hyperserotonemia) is one of the most common biological findings in autism and 5-HIAA may be elevated in patients with autistic spectrum disorders.
Limitations
5-HIAA may be normal with nonmetastatic carcinoid tumor and may be normal even with the carcinoid syndrome, particularly in subjects without diarrhea, because some patients with the carcinoid syndrome excrete nonhydroxylated indolic acids.
Midgut carcinoids are most apt to produce carcinoid syndrome with 5-HIAA elevation. Patients with renal disease may have falsely low 5-HIAA levels in the urine.
5-HIAA is increased in untreated patients with malabsorption, who have increased urinary tryptophan metabolites. Such patients include those with celiac disease, tropical sprue, Whipple disease, stasis syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. It is increased in those with chronic intestinal obstruction.
Poor correlation exists between 5-HIAA level and the clinical severity of the carcinoid syndrome. 3 recent studies confirm its use as a prognostic factor in this disease.
5-HIAA is the major urinary metabolite of serotonin, a ubiquitous bioactive amine. Serotonin, and consequently 5-HIAA, are produced in excess by most carcinoid tumors, especially those producing the carcinoid syndrome of flushing, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), diarrhea, bronchospasm, and heart disease. Quantitation of urinary 5-HIAA is the best test for carcinoid, but scrupulous care must be taken that specimen collection and patient preparation have been correct. Carcinoid tumors may cause increased excretion of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and histamine as well as serotonin. Serum serotonin assay may detect some carcinoids missed by 5-HIAA assay.
The production and metabolism of serotonin, and thus 5-HIAA, is dependent upon the tissue of origin of the tumor. Tumors from midgut cells, such as ileal carcinoid usually contain and release large quantities of serotonin. These amounts may not be fully reflected in the amount of 5-HIAA in urine, because little is metabolized. Foregut tumors lack the decarboxylase enzyme necessary to convert 5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin, resulting in minimal to no elevation in urinary 5-HIAA levels. Tumors derived from hindgut cells (rectal carcinoid) rarely produce excess serotonin or 5-HIAA. Of 75 patients with carcinoid tumors, 75% had above normal urinary 5-HIAA excretion and 64% had above normal serotonin excretion.
References
Further reading
- Johnson HC Jr, “Urine Tests,” Volume 1, 342–7.
Schultz AL, “5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid,” Methods in Clinical Chemistry, Pesce AJ and Kaplan LA, eds, St Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book Inc, 1987, 714–20.
- Warner RR, “Carcinoid Tumor,” Volume 3, 1874–6.
Indoles
Acetic acids
Hydroxyarenes
Nicotinic antagonists
Human metabolites
Hydroxy acids | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Hydroxyindoleacetic%20acid |
Paul Burch is an American musician, composer, and record producer based near the Natchez Trace.
Discography
Pan-American Flash (1996)
Wire to Wire (1998)
Blue Notes (2000)
Last of my Kind (2001)
Fool for Love (2003)
East to West (2006)
Still Your Man (2009)
WPABallclub Record Club (2010) (Ltd. Ed. pressing)
Words of Love (2011)
Great Chicago Fire, with the Waco Brothers (2012)
Fevers (2013)
Meridian Rising (2016)
Trovatore (Ltd. Ed. Pressing) (2018)
Light Sensitive (2020)
Origins of Departure (Ltd. Ed.) (2020)
References
External links
Paul Burch official website
American alternative country singers
American country singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Bloodshot Records artists
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee
Country musicians from Tennessee
Year of birth missing (living people)
Merge Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Burch |
The Commanders–Cowboys rivalry is a National Football League (NFL) rivalry between the Washington Commanders, formerly known as the Redskins, and the Dallas Cowboys. In 2005, Sports Illustrated called it the top NFL rivalry of all time and "one of the greatest in sports." ESPN ranked it the best rivalry in the NFL. The Sportster has ranked it the 17th biggest rivalry in the world. During the tenure of this rivalry, the two franchises have won 32 combined division titles and eight combined Super Bowls.
They are two of the wealthiest franchises in the NFL.
The rivalry started in 1960 when the Cowboys joined the league as an expansion team. During that year they were in separate conferences, but played once during the season. In 1961, Dallas was placed in the same division as Washington, and from that point on, they have played each other twice in every regular season.
Beginning
Texas oil tycoon Clint Murchison, Jr. was having a hard time bringing an NFL team to Dallas, Texas. He tried buying two teams, but the negotiations fell through. In 1958, Murchison heard that George Preston Marshall, owner of the Washington Redskins, was eager to sell the team. Just as the sale was about to be finalized, Marshall called for a change in terms. Murchison was outraged and canceled the whole deal.
Around this time, Marshall had a falling out with the Redskin band director, Barnee Breeskin. Breeskin had written the music to a fight song, "Hail to the Redskins", now a staple for the team. Breeskin wanted revenge after the failed negotiations with Marshall. He approached Murchison's lawyer and sold the rights for $2,500. Murchison then decided to create his own team, with the support of NFL expansion committee chairman, George Halas. Halas decided to put the proposition of a Dallas franchise before the NFL owners, which needed to have unanimous approval in order to pass. The only owner against the proposal was George Preston Marshall, as the Redskins were the only NFL team in the Southern United States at that time, and did not want a professional team in Texas encroaching in their territory, as they saw it. However, Marshall found out that Murchison owned the rights to Washington's fight song, so a deal was finally struck. If Marshall showed his approval of the Dallas franchise, Murchison would return the song. The Cowboys were then founded and began playing in 1960.
To build the roster of an expansion team, Dallas was allowed to pick certain players from certain teams per League rules. In addition to selecting three players from the Redskins roster, the Cowboys traded their first round (#2-Norm Snead) and sixth round (#72-Joe Krakoski) draft choices in the 1961 NFL Draft to the Redskins in exchange for Pro Bowl quarterback Eddie LeBaron, convincing him to come out of retirement to become the franchise's first starting quarterback.
First few games
Though both teams would become juggernauts in the National Football League, the beginning of the rivalry was not all that exciting.
The first game took place in Griffith Stadium on October 9, 1960, and was won by the Redskins 26-14; the Redskins would not win any of their last ten games in 1960 and would finish with a record of 1-9-2 (as part of a 23-game winless streak that ended in the last week of 1961), while the Cowboys would finish winless with a record of 0-11-1.
The Redskins would go on to win two of their first four meetings, and tie the two others.
Cowboy Chicken Club
In December 1961, an unknown number of Cowboys fans snuck into D. C. Stadium, armed with bags of chicken feed. When Alaskan snow dogs were to drag Santa Claus onto the field during the halftime show, the pranksters would unleash dozens of hungry chickens onto the field – 75 white, one black. The significance of the black chicken was to symbolize how Marshall was the only owner in the league who would not recruit an African-American football player; Marshall stating, "We'll start signing Negroes when the Harlem Globetrotters start signing whites."
The chickens fit into two large crates, which were smuggled into the stadium the morning of the game. The chickens and the smugglers went unspotted until halftime, when a stadium usher noticed a man guarding the crates and heard the chickens. Though the guard tried to bribe the official with $100, he was quickly reported and arrested, and the chickens confiscated. As it turned out, the "official" was actually Redskins general manager Dick McCann.
The following year and the night before the third Redskins-Cowboys match-up in less than a year, pranksters sneaked into Marshall's hotel suite and dropped off a large turkey in the bathroom. When Marshall went into the bathroom, the turkey puffed up and gobbled at him, causing Marshall to flee his room. "Chickens are nice", Marshall said, "but a man shouldn't fool with a mad turkey."
Just minutes before kickoff, while "Hail to the Redskins" blared throughout the stadiums, four banners reading "CHICKENS" – one at each 50-yard line and one in each end zone center – were unfurled in the stadium's upper decks. Two acrobats, hired by Cowboys fans and Chicken Club founders Bob Thompson and Irv Davidson (along with the University of Maryland students with the banners) rushed onto the field dressed in chicken costumes and began to throw colored eggs. One was apprehended by a guard, but the other proved to be too elusive. By this time, the band was playing the National Anthem, therefore unable to move. The lone chicken-acrobat reached into this bag and released a chicken, then returned to his egg-throwing. Running to a sideline, he then attempted to leave the stadium by jumping over a bench, but slipped.
A group of security guards then apprehended him, but he was able to break free. He made it back to the 50-yard line, turned a cartwheel, then ran and flopped onto the 30-yard line. By this time, only aware that the National Anthem was over, the two teams rushed onto the field in the middle of the chaos. In the midst of the ruckus, the man made it off the field and into the stands. Although the real chicken was caught, the acrobat-chicken was never apprehended.
The next day, while reporting the 38–10 Cowboys victory, the Dallas News scoring summary ended with, Attendance-49,888 (and one chicken).
1965 – 1967
November 28, 1965, DC Stadium: The Cowboys quickly took a 21–0 lead on a pass play, a running play and a 60-yard fumble recovery. Despite Jurgensen's 26-yard touchdown pass to Charley Taylor, the fans in the stands called for him to be benched in favor of second-string quarterback Dick Shiner. However, Jurgensen then drove the Redskins down field for a second touchdown to cut the Cowboys lead to 24–13. They then scored a rushing touchdown to make it 24–20. But just when the Redskins were gaining momentum, Meredith tossed a 53-yard scoring touch to Frank Clarke. Jurgensen was then able to throw another touchdown pass to Bobby Mitchell to make it 31–27. The Redskins got the ball back on their 20-yard line with less than two minutes to go. After working his way down the field, Jurgensen passed to tight end Angelo Coia to give the Redskins their first lead, 34–31, with about one minute to play. But Meredith was not done either. He drove the Cowboys to the Redskins 37-yard line with seven seconds to go. Danny Villanueva was then brought in and attempted a tying field goal, but it was blocked by Redskins defensive back Lonnie Sanders. Final: Redskins, 34 – Cowboys, 31
November 13, 1966, DC Stadium: In the second quarter with the score 7–6 Dallas, Meredith threw a 52-yard touchdown to Bob Hayes, followed in the third quarter with a 95-yard repeat, making the score 21–7. Then Washington scored three consecutive times with Jurgensen's 4-yard pass to Jerry Smith and 78-yard pass to Charley Taylor, followed by a Charlie Gogolak field goal, giving them the lead, 23–21. Meredith then drove the Cowboys down field to set up a one-yard touchdown run by Dan Reeves. But the Redskins matched their score on a drive ending with Jurgensen's 18-yard scoring pass to Taylor, making it 30–28. Meredith got the ball back with no timeouts and the Redskins playing deep prevent. Somehow, he was able to drive them to the Redskins 33. The Redskins mounted a strong pass rush to push the Cowboys out of field goal range. But apparently it was too strong. Meredith was hit just as he scrambled out of bounds. The penalty put the Cowboys on the Redskins 12 for an easy Villanueva field goal. Final: Cowboys, 31–Redskins, 30
December 11, 1966, The Cotton Bowl: The Redskins took a 10–7 lead at the half after linebacker John Reger recovered a block punt and ran it in for a score. But Danny Villanueva then kicked a tying 26-yard field goal for the Cowboys and Bob Hays caught a 23-yard pass for the 17–10 lead. The Redskins tied it up on Bobby Mitchell's 11-yard reception from Jurgensen. The Cowboys regained the lead when Dan Reeves broke for a 67-yard touchdown run, making it 24–17. But the Redskins then drove the field and scored on Jurgensen's 11-yard pass to Jerry Smith, only to have the Cowboys regain the lead with a six-yard touchdown run by Don Perkins, making it 31–24. Jurgensen was then able to hit Charlie Taylor with a 65-yard touchdown pass that Taylor caught between two defenders, tying the game. After good defense, the Redskins got the ball back with two minutes to go. Starting at their 46-yard line, Redskins running back A. D. Whitfield ran right for a 30-yard gain that set up Charlie Gogolak's winning field goal. Final: Redskins, 34 – Cowboys, 31
October 8, 1967, DC Stadium: The Redskins led 14–10 with 70 seconds to go in the fourth quarter. The Cowboys took possession on their 29-yard line. On fourth down with 23 seconds remaining, Meredith hit an open Dan Reeves who beat out linebacker Chris Hanburger to score, making it 17–14. After the kick-off with seven seconds to go, Jurgensen pitched a long pass to Charley Taylor, but he was tackled at the Cowboys 20-yard line as time ran out. Final: Cowboys, 17 – Redskins, 14 Washington would win the rematch in Dallas that season, 27–20, but the Cowboys closed out the decade with four straight wins over the Redskins. In the late 60's the Redskins hired Vince Lombardi to try to stop ex-Giants coordinator Tom Landry. Lombardi's 7–5–2 record with the Redskins was the team's first winning season in 14 years, but he was still swept by the Cowboys. Lombardi's untimely death in 1970 froze Redskins development for two seasons.
1970s
After a losing season in 1970, the Redskins' hired George Allen as head coach from the Los Angeles Rams. Under Allen, the Skins in 1971 went 9–4–1, including a 20–16 victory at the Cowboys, against whom Allen carried particular hatred. As the 1972 football season approached, preseason predictors were touting the Cowboys, who had defeated the Dolphins, 24–3 in the previous Super Bowl, to again win the NFC East.
October 22, 1972, RFK Stadium: Both teams came into the game with a 4–1–0 record. Sonny Jurgensen was Washington's starting quarterback, with Billy Kilmer benched after a previous loss. Craig Morton was the Cowboys' quarterback while the injured Roger Staubach watched from the sideline. Despite Washington's home-field advantage, the Cowboys were favored by a touchdown. A field goal and a Morton touchdown pass gave Dallas a 10–0 lead at the end of the first quarter, which was extended to 13–0 in the second period. Jurgensen led a Washington drive that climaxed with a pass to Larry Brown for a touchdown, but at the half, the Redskins trailed by six points. Another seven points were added to the lead in the third quarter when Walt Garrison scored a touchdown. But then, Larry Brown broke a run for 34 yards and a touchdown to make the score to 20–14. Curt Knight kicked a 42-yard field goal to make it 20–17. Charley Harraway ran for 13 yards to make the score 24–20, Redskins on top. During this offensive scoring period, the Over-the-Hill Gang defense shut down the Cowboys. Ultimately, Washington defeated the Cowboys, which moved the Redskins into first place in the NFC East.
December 31, 1972, RFK Stadium (NFC Championship): On the New Year's Eve playoff game, Redskins Quarterback, Billy Kilmer connected with Charley Taylor on a 15-yard touchdown pass, and Washington had a 10–3 lead at halftime. In the fourth quarter, Kilmer again went to Taylor for a 45-yard touchdown. Knight added three more field goals that period, and the Over-the-Hill Gang defense allowed only a second-quarter field goal. The final score was Washington 26, Dallas 3.
October 8, 1973, RFK Stadium: Roger Staubach had won back the quarterback job after missing most of the 1972 season with a shoulder injury, but Tom Landry pulled him in the third quarter when he missed an important signal and was sacked by the Redskins defense. Dallas led 7–0 when Craig Morton replaced Staubach. Late in the fourth quarter, the game was tied 7–7 when Redskins defender Brig Owens picked off Morton's errant pass and raced 26 yards to score a touchdown. The Cowboys threatened in the last seconds to tie the game, but Ken Houston tackled Walt Garrison on the one-yard line as time ran out, preserving a 14-7 Redskins win.
November 28, 1974, Texas Stadium: Before this Thanksgiving Day matchup, the Redskins were 8–3 and ready to secure a playoff berth with a win against the Cowboys (6–5) in a nationally televised game from Texas Stadium in Irving, TX. With less than ten minutes to go in the third quarter, Washington was leading 16–3 when Redskins linebacker Dave Robinson knocked Roger Staubach out of the game. Rookie Clint Longley came into the game; before the game Redskins defensive tackle Diron Talbert had boasted the goal was to knock out Staubach “because all they’ve got left is that rookie Longley.” Longley responded when he led the Cowboys to a last-minute come-from-behind victory, throwing a 50-yard touchdown pass to Drew Pearson with 28 seconds left. The final score was Cowboys 24, Redskins 23. The Redskins were stunned. "I don't have very much to say," coach George Allen said when it was over. "It was probably the toughest loss we ever had."
December 16, 1979, Texas Stadium: The NFC East Division Championship and home field advantage on the line for both teams. This set the stage for the regular season finale against Washington; the winner would capture the NFC East title while the loser would be relegated to the second wild card (Dallas) or miss the playoffs entirely (Washington). In the game, Texas Stadium fans were treated to one of Staubach's greatest comebacks in his final regular season game. The Cowboys trailed 17–0 but then scored three touchdowns to take the lead. Led by running back John Riggins, the Redskins came back to build a 34–21 lead, but the Cowboys scored 2 touchdowns in the final five minutes — including a Staubach touchdown pass to Tony Hill with less than a minute remaining — for an amazing 35–34 victory. In the week leading up to the game, Cowboys’ defensive end Harvey Martin received a funeral wreath, supposedly sent by the Redskins. He kept it in his locker all week for motivation, and after the win, he raced into Washington's locker room, opened the door, and heaved it into the room, breaking up a team prayer.
1980s
January 22, 1983, RFK Stadium (NFC Championship): The Redskins defeated the Cowboys to earn a trip to Super Bowl XVII. Before the game, the stadium physically shook as a capacity crowd of 54,000 chanted, "We Want Dallas!" The game is best remembered for the quarterback hit by Redskins defensive end Dexter Manley that sent Cowboys' quarterback Danny White into the locker room shortly before halftime, knocking him out for the rest of the game and defensive tackle Darryl Grant's interception return for a 10-yard touchdown of a Gary Hogeboom pass tipped by Manley to score the decisive points. John Riggins rushed for 140 yards and two touchdowns on 36 carries as the Redskins defeated the Cowboys 31–17. The Redskins went on to defeat Miami for their first Super Bowl championship.
September 5, 1983, RFK Stadium: Before a sold-out season opener on Monday Night Football, the Redskins were leading the visiting Cowboys 23–3 going into halftime. Danny White's second-half comeback erased the lead, and the Cowboys took an improbable 31–30 victory.
December 11, 1983, Texas Stadium: The second 1983 regular season meeting between the Redskins and Cowboys at Texas Stadium was more remembered for an infamous play by the Cowboys than it was for the game's outcome. On a 4th down and 1 play, Danny White was attempting to draw the Redskins offside by using hard counts, thereby giving the Cowboys a first down and keeping their drive going. But the Redskins' defense never moved, and Danny White ran a play that resulted in a loss of yards, turning the ball over to the Redskins on downs. During the replay, coach Tom Landry was simultaneously shown yelling, "No, Danny, no!" from the sidelines (undoubtedly wanting White to call a time-out to punt the ball). After the play, Landry was shown shaking his head in disgust. The Redskins went on to win, 31–10.
December 9, 1984, Texas Stadium: Down 21–6 at halftime, the Redskins scored 17 unanswered points on turnovers to take a 23–21 lead going into the fourth quarter. They came back to defeat the Cowboys, 30–28. Coupled with the 34–14 win earlier in the year, the Redskins enjoyed their first season sweep of the Cowboys in series history.
September 9, 1985, Texas Stadium: For the Monday Night Football season opener, the Cowboys secondary, nicknamed "Thurman's Thieves," intercepted Redskins quarterback Joe Theismann five times. Redskins coach Joe Gibbs would pull Theismann from the game in the fourth quarter due to his poor performance. To rub salt in the wound, fans at Texas Stadium began singing "Happy Birthday" to Theismann as he sat on the bench staring straight ahead (the game took place on Theismann's birthday). The Cowboys went on to win in a blowout, 44–14.
October 19, 1987, Texas Stadium: Dubbed by Washington fans as the "Scab Game," no team in the NFL had more players cross the picket line during the 1987 strike than the Cowboys, who were 2–0 with their veteran players entering a game with the Redskins on Monday Night Football. Washington had also won their two games during the strike but without any veterans. For this game, the Cowboys had Danny White, Randy White, Tony Dorsett, and Ed Jones, among other veterans, but were upset by the replacement Redskins players, 13–7, in a game former Washington head coach Joe Gibbs called "one of my greatest experiences and wins." The Redskins finished 3–0 with the replacements, the strike ending the following week. In 2000 Warner Bros. made a movie loosely based on the 1987 Redskins, The Replacements.
December 11, 1988, RFK Stadium The Cowboys upset the reigning Super Bowl champion Redskins, 24–17, ending any shot the Redskins had of making the playoffs. Rookie and eventual hall of fame wide receiver Michael Irvin was the big star of the game with three touchdown catches. This game would prove to be the final victory for legendary Dallas Cowboys head coach Tom Landry.
1990s
November 24, 1991, RFK Stadium: The 6–5 Cowboys handed the 11–0 Redskins their first defeat and their only defeat at home that season, 24–21. Despite the loss, the Redskins would finish 14–2 and go on to win Super Bowl XXVI. The Cowboys, motivated by the victory, would start a 6-game win streak, finishing 11–5; Cowboys owner Jerry Jones would later tell The Washington Post that he believed this victory was a key turning point in the Cowboys' transformation into the dominant team they would become during the early 1990s.
September 7, 1992, Texas Stadium: On Monday Night Football, the Cowboys, led by Emmitt Smith's 140 yards rushing, handed the defending Super Bowl champion Redskins an embarrassing 23–10 loss at Texas Stadium in their first game of the season.
December 13, 1992, RFK Stadium: The defending Super Bowl champion Redskins stunned the eventual Super Bowl champion Cowboys 20–17 in Washington thanks to Safety Danny Copeland's fourth-quarter recovery of a Troy Aikman/Emmitt Smith fumble in the end zone. This game would prove to be Hall of Fame Head Coach Joe Gibbs' final victory at RFK Stadium.
September 6, 1993, RFK Stadium On Monday Night Football, the Redskins gained revenge for their Week 1 Monday night loss the year before by defeating the defending Super Bowl champion Cowboys 35–16 at RFK to earn Richie Petitbon his first victory as a head coach.
December 26, 1993, Texas Stadium: The Cowboys would avenge their opening week loss by defeating the Redskins 38–3. The Cowboys' 35-point margin of victory is the largest margin of victory by either team to this point. The Cowboys would eventually close out the season with their second straight Super Bowl championship, while the Redskins would finish 4–12, their worst regular season record since 1963.
December 22, 1996, RFK Stadium: The Redskins defeated the Cowboys 37–10 in the final game played at RFK Stadium.
September 12, 1999, Jack Kent Cooke Stadium: In Week 1 of the 1999 season, the Redskins opened a 35–14 lead. Then Dallas scored three touchdowns during the final eleven minutes of regulation. The Redskins botched a last-second field goal attempt, and the game went to overtime. A play-action pass four minutes into overtime to Raghib Ismail fooled Redskins safety Matt Stevens and won the game for the visiting Cowboys.
2000s
December 22, 2002, FedExField: In the 2002 regular-season finale, Washington ended an 11-game losing streak to the Cowboys, defeating them 20–14. The win allowed Washington to finish 7–9, while Dallas finished 5–11 for the third straight year. Cowboys coach Dave Campo was fired following the 2002 season.
September 19, 2005, Texas Stadium: For this game, Emmitt Smith, Troy Aikman, and Michael Irvin were inducted into the Cowboys' "Ring of Honor" with a pre-game and halftime ceremony. Throughout a poorly played game, Dallas kept the Redskins out of the endzone and led 13–0 with less than 4 minutes left. It was at that point that the Redskins, led by quarterback Mark Brunell, took the lead thanks to two long touchdown passes to Santana Moss to win the game.
December 18, 2005, FedExField: This game was the Redskins' largest margin of victory against the Cowboys in a 35–7 blowout. The Cowboys' lone touchdown came in the fourth quarter after Washington was already ahead 35–0. The victory gave Washington its first sweep against Dallas since 1995. Dallas eventually finished 9–7, while Washington won its last two games to secure the final NFC wildcard playoff berth.
November 5, 2006, FedexField: During the fourth quarter, the game was tied 19–19 (due partly to a missed two-point conversion by the Cowboys). With 31 seconds to go, the Redskins' recently acquired kicker, Nick Novak, missed a 49-yard field goal wide right. The Cowboys then worked their way up the field to set up Mike Vanderjagt, the most accurate kicker in NFL history, for a 35-yard field goal with only seconds left. However, the kick was blocked by Troy Vincent, a safety who had been picked up by the Redskins off waivers earlier that week. The ball was scooped up by the Redskins' free safety, Sean Taylor, who ran it back to the Cowboys' 44-yard line, where the Cowboys' offensive lineman Kyle Kosier grabbed him by his facemask in an attempt to tackle him. The game would have gone into overtime had it not been for Kosier's defensive penalty, which added fifteen yards to the end of the return (by rule, an NFL game cannot end on a defensive penalty). Novak set up for a 47-yard field goal with no time left on the clock. Despite the recently missed field goal, Novak made this field goal to give the Redskins a victory.
September 8, 2008, Texas Stadium: The Redskins beat the Cowboys 26–24 in their final meeting at Texas Stadium.
November 16, 2008, FedExField: The Cowboys returned the favor of the 2005 week 1 defeat. Darrell Green and Art Monk were honored before the game for their recent induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In a game that was highly touted for the return of Tony Romo, the Cowboys' defense held the Redskins to ten points while the Cowboys scored 14.
December 27, 2009, FedExField: The Cowboys shut out the Redskins 17–0. This marked the third time the Cowboys have blanked the Redskins. Washington has never shut out Dallas. 2009 would also be the 15th time the Cowboys have swept the two-game regular season series. To this point, Washington has swept the Cowboys only five times.
2010s
September 12, 2010, FedExField: Late in the fourth quarter, Tony Romo led the team down the field. With three seconds on the clock and the score 13–7, Romo made a touchdown pass to wide receiver Roy Williams that would have tied the game with a successful extra point giving the Cowboys the win. However, the touchdown was called back due to a holding penalty against Alex Barron as time expired, and Washington went on to win.
December 19, 2010, Cowboys Stadium: The Cowboys built a 20–7 lead by halftime. By the end of the third quarter, the Cowboys led 30–14. The Redskins started quarterback Rex Grossman who filled in for the recently benched Donovan McNabb, and he brought the Redskins back to tie the game 30–30 with minutes left to play. Cowboys kicker David Buehler kicked a 39-yard field goal to put Dallas up 33–30 with 50 seconds to play. Rex Grossman then drove the Redskins down the field only to be intercepted by cornerback Terrence Newman to end the game.
November 22, 2012, Cowboys Stadium: After the Redskins built a 28–3 halftime lead, Dallas quarterback Tony Romo led the Cowboys to within seven, but the Redskins held on to win, 38–31. This marked the first time the Redskins defeated the Cowboys on Thanksgiving, previously 0–5 to their rival on Thanksgiving. Robert Griffin III completed 19 of 27 passes for 304 yards and had 4 touchdown passes and 1 interception on his way to winning the Galloping Gobbler Award issued to the player deemed to have had the best performance in the game. Alfred Morris also had 113 yards rushing on 24 carries and 1 touchdown while the Redskins defense intercepted two Tony Romo passes and sacked him three times.
December 30, 2012, FedExField: In the final game of the season, the Redskins met the Cowboys on Sunday Night Football in Washington to decide the winner of the NFC East. Three interceptions by Tony Romo doomed the Cowboys. The Redskins defense, led by London Fletcher's eleven total tackles and two sacks, confused Romo all game long. The Redskins defense had three interceptions in the game with the final one being the most costly. With Dallas trailing 21–18 late in the fourth quarter from the Cowboy, Romo threw a pass to the flat intended for running back DeMarco Murray, which was intercepted by Redskins linebacker Rob Jackson. Redskins rookie running back Alfred Morris ran for 200 yards, and three touchdowns on 33 carries, the last coming with one minute left, effectively putting the game out of reach (the referee initially called a fumble and Cowboys recovery, but reversed his ruling once convinced by the side judge that, as replays would clearly show, Morris had crossed the goal line before losing the ball). The 28–18 win gave the Redskins their first NFC East title since 1999 while preventing the Cowboys from making the playoffs.
December 22, 2013, FedExField: Trying to play spoiler, the Redskins hosted the Dallas Cowboys and attempted to spoil their playoff chances. Leading 23-17 late, the Redskins looked poised to pull out the upset, but the Cowboys would score with just under a minute left and won 24-23.
September 18, 2016, FedExField: Both teams came into their Week 2 match-up in Washington having lost their season openers. Dallas started hot, getting a field goal and a touchdown run by rookie running back Ezekiel Elliott on their first two possessions to take a 10–0 lead into the 2nd quarter. The Redskins responded with a Matt Jones touchdown to make it 10–7, and both teams traded field goals to make it 13–10 at halftime. The Redskins opened the second half scoring as Kirk Cousins threw an 11-yard touchdown to Jamison Crowder. Dallas rookie quarterback Dak Prescott responded with a 6-yard touchdown run to help Dallas retake the lead at 20–17. The Redskins got two field goals to make it 23–20 and were about to make it a potential two-score game in the fourth quarter, but Cousins threw an interception in the end zone. That proved costly as Alfred Morris, the former Redskin, scored a 4-yard touchdown to make the score 27–23 for Dallas, and the Redskins failed to score on their final two possessions.
November 24, 2016, AT&T Stadium: This would be the 8th time the Cowboys and Redskins have faced off for the annual Thanksgiving Day event hosted at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The Redskins offense led by Kirk Cousins with 449 yards (8 yards shy of a career-best) would light up the air attack against a porous Dallas secondary. However, failing to convert key drives into touchdowns, missing two field goals, a questionable onside kick attempt, and the inability to stop the Cowboys' 4th ranked offense in the 4th quarter would be too much for the Redskins to overcome. The Cowboys rolled to a then franchise-best 10th win in a row with an easy 31–26 victory. The Cowboys–Redskins rivalry was rekindled between Josh Norman and Dez Bryant as both clashed several times during the game, and both coaches were warned by referees about their antics. Immediately after the game, both players would go helmet-to-helmet while exchanging shoves and taunts. During an interview Dez Bryant added fuel to fire by saying, "Washington needs to get their money back...I honestly feel like the guy is extremely soft." 2016 would also be the 18th time the Cowboys have swept the two-game regular-season series.
October 29, 2017, FedExField: The Redskins and Cowboys entered their first matchup in 2017 both at 3–3 and behind the Eagles by 3.5 games in the division. In a rainy, washout game in Washington, the Cowboys would win 33–19 for their third straight win of the season. Ezekiel Elliott fumbled on the first play of the game, which led to a Redskins field goal and a 3–0 lead. The Cowboys answered with an Elliott touchdown to take a 7–3 lead. The Redskins came back with 10 unanswered points to take a 13–7 lead, but momentum shifted when the Cowboys blocked a Nick Rose field goal attempt and returned it inside the Redskins 10-yard line. The Cowboys then scored 19 unanswered points to take a 26–13 lead late in the fourth, with Elliott's second touchdown coming right after the blocked field goal. The Redskins would score a touchdown yet miss an extra point to make the score to 26–19 and give them a chance, but Kirk Cousins had yet another untimely turnover as he threw an interception that was returned for a touchdown with 21 seconds left to seal the Cowboys victory.
November 30, 2017, AT&T Stadium: During this game, former Redskins running back Alfred Morris rumbled for 127 yards while subbing for the suspended Ezekiel Elliott. The Redskins' hopes were all but doomed after Kirk Cousins' penchant for turnovers continued with two interceptions and a lost fumble on the day.
October 21, 2018, FedExField: The Redskins defeated the Cowboys 20–17 in Washington. In a low-scoring game that saw the two teams tied at 7–7 heading into halftime, the Redskins would take a 20–10 lead with 4:55 left in the game after Dak Prescott fumbled the ball and Preston Smith picked it up and scored a touchdown. Prescott would run in from 1 yard out to make it 20–17, and Dallas had a chance to tie the game and send it into overtime, but after a rarely-called snap infraction penalty moved Dallas back 5 yards, kicker Brett Maher missed the game-tying field goal when it hit off the left upright; given its trajectory, the kick would have likely been good from 5 yards closer. ESPN reporter Ed Werder claims an inside source told him coach Jay Gruden planted the idea in the officials' minds before the game when he told them to look at how Ladouceur moves the ball before the play. Redskins long snapper Nick Sundberg was also continuously shouting at the refs to watch out for Ladouceur's subtle movement during the game on Sunday.
November 22, 2018, AT&T Stadium: For the 9th time, the Redskins came to Dallas to play the Cowboys on Thanksgiving. Dallas had won 7 of the first 8 matchups, with history repeating itself as the Cowboys won 31–23 to move into first place in the NFC East. This game was a coming-out party for wide receiver Amari Cooper, whom Dallas recently acquired from the Oakland Raiders. He had eight receptions for 180 yards and two touchdowns, the first for 40 yards and the second for 91 yards. Dallas quarterback Dak Prescott was also very efficient with 288 passing yards, 2 passing touchdowns, and 1 rushing touchdown. Running back Ezekiel Elliott ran strong for 121 rushing yards and caught 5 passes for 22 yards in this game with a touchdown. Washington had lost their starting quarterback Alex Smith to injury the week prior so the Redskins relied upon backup Colt McCoy, who had 268 passing yards with 2 touchdowns but also threw 3 interceptions.
December 29, 2019, AT&T Stadium: In the last game of the season, Dak Prescott threw 4 touchdowns in a blowout win for Dallas. This would mark the 17th to this point that Dallas has swept the 2-game series. This would also be the last game that the Washington franchise would use the name Redskins. The name was dropped due to massive pressure from the team's major sponsors because of the perceived racial connotation of the name.
2020s
October 25, 2020, FedExField: This was Washington's first win against Dallas since October 2018. The most notable play of the game came in the third quarter when Washington linebacker Jon Bostic made a dirty hit on Andy Dalton (who was starting for Dak Prescott, who was on injured reserve for the season) as he was sliding, causing Dalton to exit the game due to a head injury. Jon Bostic was immediately ejected from the game and later fined. The result of the violent blow to the head would keep Andy Dalton sidelined for three consecutive weeks.
November 26, 2020, AT&T Stadium: For the 10th time, Washington came to Dallas to play the Cowboys on Thanksgiving. Both teams entered this game with matching 3–7 records, but with a chance to take the lead in the NFC East. This time, Washington came out with the victory, 41–16, with rookie Antonio Gibson rushing for 115 yards and 3 touchdowns and Montez Sweat picking off Andy Dalton for a pick 6 to seal the win and sweep Dallas for the first time since 2012. The win moved Washington to 4–7 in first place in the NFC East. This was Washington's second win in ten Thanksgiving day matchups with Dallas.
December 12, 2021, FedexField: Due to widely reported poor conditions of FedExField, the Cowboys brought their own sideline hot seat benches that included the Cowboys’ logo and team tame. Following the game, when questioned by reporters about the Cowboys' actions, Washington Head Coach Ron Rivera responded by saying, “That’s all the gamesmanship that goes with it. It’s part of the mind games people like to play.” When questioned if he wasn't bringing Washington's own benches to Dallas, Rivera responded, "I didn't say that." For the game, a strong Cowboys defensive effort held on to win 27-20.
December 26, 2021, AT&T Stadium: As a response to the Cowboys' "gamesmanship" in the previous game, Washington shipped in their own hot seat benches with their logos to the climate-controlled AT&T stadium where the retractable roof was closed even though outdoor temperatures were in the 70s. However, the stunt backfired as the Cowboys' 56–14 win over Washington was the largest margin of victory in the history of the rivalry. When asked about Washington bringing their own benches in a post-game news conference. DeMarcus Lawrence could only say laugh and say, "They gotta take them back with 'em don't they?"
Rivalry off the field
On December 19, 2005, Dallas Mavericks guard Darrell Armstrong was fined $1,000 for grabbing a microphone before a game against the Minnesota Timberwolves at the American Airlines Center and yelling "How 'bout those Redskins!" Only a few hours prior, the Cowboys had been routed by the Redskins 35–7, in the most lopsided loss of Bill Parcells's coaching career. Armstrong was raised in North Carolina as a Redskins fan.
Dallas coach Tom Landry appeared in a 1980s American Express TV commercial in which he visits an Old West-style saloon and makes the statement, "You never know when you'll be surrounded by Redskins". Several large men dressed in Redskins uniforms encircled Landry, who addressed them with, "Howdy!" After the credit card sales pitch was read, the ad returned to the scene where Landry, as he recites the company's slogan, "Don't leave home without it", leaves the saloon and the Redskins follow him out. The saloon doors knock the Redskins backwards as they swing shut.
After Tom Landry was fired as Cowboys coach by new Cowboys owner Jerry Jones in 1989, Landry appeared in another TV commercial for Choice Hotels, in which he states that he feels so great being out of football that he might take up a new career. Landry then pulls out a guitar and sings the Waylon Jennings/Willie Nelson classic, "Mamas, don't let your babies grow up to be", and after a pause, sings, "Redskins!" In the commercial's closing tag, Landry quips, "You didn't think I would say 'Cowboys', did ya?"
In 2017, the animosity between Cowboys wide receiver Dez Bryant and Redskins cornerback Josh Norman was part of an ad series for the Samsung Galaxy Note 8 phone. In the first ad, Norman is asked by reporters about a picture he posts on Twitter that shows Bryant's hands replaced with sticks of butter and a picture in which he says, "I'm Better Than Dez Bryant." Dez Bryant responded with his own commercial, where he says he's taking the high road when talking about Norman but draws Norman on a snail using the phone, indicating he's slow, and another drawing of the Redskins cornerback as a blanket, meaning Norman can't cover him.
In 2022, Washington owner Dan Snyder took a swipe at Cowboys owner Jerry Jones in an attempt to deflect heat away from a long sexual harassment investigation. Per ESPN's Don Van Natta Jr., Seth Wickersham, and Tisha Thompson, multiple team owners are aware that Snyder allegedly instructed his law firms to hire investigators, with one owner reportedly being told directly by Snyder that he "has dirt on" Jones. During a radio interview, Jerry Jones denied all knowledge of the 'dirt' that Dan Snyder was referring to.
Season-by-season results
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| no game
| style="| Redskins 26–14
| Redskins 1–0
| Cowboys join NFL as an expansion team. The teams only played one game as Cowboys were placed in the Western Division and Redskins were in the Eastern division.
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| style="|
| Tie 28–28
| style="| Redskins 34–24
| Redskins 2–0–1
| Cowboys moved to the Eastern division with the addition of the Minnesota Vikings to the NFL. The Cowboys and Redskins would play two games annually beginning in 1961. Redskins open Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (then known as District of Columbia Stadium).
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| style="|
| Tie 35–35
| style="| Cowboys 38–10
| Redskins 2–1–2
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 35–20
| style="| Redskins 31–23
| Redskins 3–2–2
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 24–18
| style="| Redskins 28–16
| Redskins 4–3–2
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 27–7
| style="| Redskins 34–31
| Redskins 5–4–2
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 34–31
| style="| Cowboys 31–30
| Redskins 6–5–2
| Cowboys lose 1966 NFL Championship.
|-
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 27–20
| style="| Cowboys 17–14
| Redskins 7–6–2
| Cowboys lose 1967 NFL Championship.
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| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 29–20
| style="| Cowboys 44–24
| Cowboys 8–7–2
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| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 20–10
| style="| Cowboys 41–28
| Cowboys 10–7–2
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| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 34–0
| style="| Cowboys 45–21
| Cowboys 12–7–2
| AFL-NFL merger. Both teams placed in the NFC East. Cowboys lose Super Bowl V.
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 20-16
| style="| Cowboys 13-0
| Cowboys 13–8–2
| Cowboys win Super Bowl VI.
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 34–24
| style="| Redskins 24–20
| Cowboys 14–9–2
| First game of series at Texas Stadium. Redskins lose Super Bowl VII.
|- style="background:#f2f2f2; font-weight:bold;"
| 1972 playoffs
| style="|
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| style="| Redskins 26–3
| Cowboys 14–10–2
| NFC Championship Game.
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 27–7
| style="| Redskins 14–7
| Cowboys 15–11–2
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 24–23
| style="| Redskins 28–21
| Cowboys 16–12–2
| Cowboys win game Thanksgiving game at Texas Stadium in Irving, TX on last-minute 50-yard touchdown pass.
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 30–10
| style="| Redskins 30–24(OT)
| Cowboys 17–13–2
| Cowboys lose Super Bowl X.
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| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 27–14
| style="| Cowboys 20–7
| Cowboys 18–14–2
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| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 34–16
| style="| Cowboys 14–7
| Cowboys 20–14–2
| Cowboys win Super Bowl XII.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 37–10
| style="| Redskins 9–5
| Cowboys 21–15–2
| Cowboys lose Super Bowl XIII.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 35–34
| style="| Redskins 34–20
| Cowboys 22–16–2
| Game at Texas Stadium in Irving, TX was the final regular season game and de facto NFC East championship game. The Cowboys won to clinch the division while the Redskins loss kept them out of the playoffs all together.
|-
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 17–3
| style="| Cowboys 14–10
| Cowboys 24–16–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 24–10
| style="| Cowboys 26–10
| Cowboys 26–16–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| no game
| style="| Cowboys 24–10
| Cowboys 27–16–2
| Dallas home game cancelled as a result of the 1982 players strike reducing the season to nine games. Cowboys hand Redskins only regular season defeat. Redskins win Super Bowl XVII.
|- style="background:#f2f2f2; font-weight:bold;"
| 1982 playoffs
| style="|
|
| style="| Redskins 31–17
| Cowboys 27–17–2
| NFC Championship Game. Redskins avenge their only defeat of the strike-shortened season.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 31–10
| style="| Cowboys 31–30
| Cowboys 28–18–2
| Redskins lose Super Bowl XVIII. Washington's victory at Texas Stadium in Irving, TX denies the Cowboys the NFC East and home-field advantage in the playoffs, which Washington would claim themselves the following week.
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Redskins 30–28
| style="| Redskins 34–14
| Cowboys 28–20–2
| Redskins' first two-game sweep over Cowboys.
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 44–14
| style="| Cowboys 13–7
| Cowboys 30–20–2
| Cowboys intercept Redskins QB Joe Theismann five times in the game at Texas Stadium in Irving, TX.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 30–6
| style="| Redskins 41–14
| Cowboys 31–21–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Redskins 13–7
| style="| Redskins 24–20
| Cowboys 31–23–2
| Redskins win Super Bowl XXII.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 35–17
| style="| Cowboys 24–17
| Cowboys 32–24–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 30–7
| style="| Cowboys 13–3
| Cowboys 33–25–2
| Game at Washington was the Cowboys' lone win of 1989.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 27–16
| style="| Redskins 19–15
| Cowboys 34–26–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 33–31
| style="| Cowboys 24–21
| Cowboys 35–27–2
| Redskins win Super Bowl XXVI.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 23–10
| style="| Redskins 20–17
| Cowboys 36–28–2
| Cowboys win Super Bowl XXVII.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 38–3
| style="| Redskins 35–16
| Cowboys 37–29–2
| Cowboys win Super Bowl XXVIII.
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 31–7
| style="| Cowboys 34–7
| Cowboys 39–29–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Redskins 24–17
| style="| Redskins 27–23
| Cowboys 39–31–2
| Cowboys win Super Bowl XXX.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 21–10
| style="| Redskins 37–10
| Cowboys 40–32–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 17–14
| style="| Redskins 21–16
| Cowboys 41–33–2
| Redskins open FedEx Field (then known as Jack Kent Cooke Stadium).
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 23–7
| style="| Cowboys 31–10
| Cowboys 43–33–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 38–20
| style="| Cowboys 41–35(OT)
| Cowboys 45–33–2
| Cowboys come back from 21-point 4th quarter deficit to win game in Washington.
|-
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 32–13
| style="| Cowboys 27–21
| Cowboys 47–33–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 9–7
| style="| Cowboys 20–14
| Cowboys 49–33–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 27–20
| style="| Redskins 20–14
| Cowboys 50–34–2
| Cowboys win 10 straight meetings (1997–2002).
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 21–14
| style="| Cowboys 27–0
| Cowboys 52–34–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 13–10
| style="| Cowboys 21–18
| Cowboys 54–34–2
| Cowboys win nine straight home meetings (1996–2004).
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Redskins 14–13
| style="| Redskins 35–7
| Cowboys 54–36–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 27–10
| style="| Redskins 22–19
| Cowboys 55–37–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 28–23
| style="| Redskins 27–6
| Cowboys 56–38–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 26–24
| style="| Cowboys 14–10
| Cowboys 57–39–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 7–6
| style="| Cowboys 17–0
| Cowboys 59–39–2
| Cowboys open AT&T Stadium (then known as Cowboys Stadium). Cowboys clinched a playoff berth in their shutout victory in Washington.
|-
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 33–30
| style="| Redskins 13–7
| Cowboys 60–40–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 18–16
| style="| Cowboys 27–24(OT)
| Cowboys 62–40–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Redskins 38–31
| style="| Redskins 28–18
| Cowboys 62–42–2
| Game in Washington was the final game of the regular season and a de facto NFC East championship game. The Redskins won to clinch the division and the Cowboys were left out of the playoffs. The game in Arlington, TX was played on Thanksgiving and was Washington's first-ever win at AT&T Stadium.
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 31–16
| style="| Cowboys 24–23
| Cowboys 64–42–2
|
|-
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 20–17(OT)
| style="| Cowboys 44–17
| Cowboys 65–43–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Redskins 34–23
| style="| Cowboys 19–16
| Cowboys 66–44–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 31–26
| style="| Cowboys 27–23
| Cowboys 68–44–2
| Bryant–Norman fight in the game at Dallas's home game.
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 38–14
| style="| Cowboys 33–19
| Cowboys 70–44–2
|
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 31–23
| style="| Redskins 20–17
| Cowboys 71–45–2
|
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 47–16
| style="| Cowboys 31–21
| Cowboys 73–45–2
| The game at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, TX was Washington's last game as the "Redskins".
|-
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Washington 41–16
| style="| Washington 25–3
| Cowboys 73–47–2
| Game in Washington involved Washington linebacker Jon Bostic delivering a violent hit on Andy Dalton (who was starting for Dak Prescott, who was on injured reserve for the season) as he was sliding, causing Dalton to exit the game due to a head injury. Jon Bostic was immediately ejected from the game and later fined. Dalton was sidelined for three weeks. Dallas's home game involved a controversial fake punt attempt by Dallas that eventually led to a Washington lopsided victory.
|-
|
| style="|
| style="| Cowboys 56–14
| style="| Cowboys 27–20
| Cowboys 75–47–2
| Dallas's home game saw Dak Prescott become the first player to throw touchdown passes to a wide receiver, running back, offensive lineman, and a tight end in the same game. This was also the largest margin of victory in the series.
|-
|
| Tie 1–1
| style="| Cowboys 25–10
| style="| Commanders 26–6
| Cowboys 76–48–2
| Washington Football Team adopts the "Commanders" name. Both games were played with different quarterbacks starting for both teams.
|-
|-
| Regular season
| style="|Cowboys 76–46–2
| Cowboys 42–17–2
| Cowboys 34–29
|
|-
| Postseason
| style="|Commanders 2–0
| no games
| Commanders 2–0
| NFC Championship Game: 1972, 1982.
|-
| Regular and postseason
| style="|Cowboys 76–48–2
| Cowboys 42–17–2
| Cowboys 34–31
|
|-
References
External links
National Football League rivalries
Washington Commanders
Dallas Cowboys
Dallas Cowboys rivalries
Washington Commanders rivalries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commanders%E2%80%93Cowboys%20rivalry |
Daniele Adani (; born 10 July 1974) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Club career
Adani started his career in Serie B with Modena, making his first team debuts at the age of 18. In 1994, he transferred to top level's Lazio but, after two gameless months, moved to Brescia in November; subsequently, he followed the club's promotion and relegation between the first and second divisions, appearing in nearly 200 official matches.
In 1999, Adani transferred to Fiorentina for 7 billion lire (€3.615 million), winning the Italian Cup in his second season. In 2002, the club faced bankruptcy, and the player signed for Inter Milan on a free transfer. Though he was not regarded as member of the starting lineup, he would be in the starting lineup more times than expected, managing to score two goals during his two-season stint (in away wins against Empoli and Ancona); he also broke his nose while playing for the Nerazzurri and decided to play with a titanium mask, as Paolo Maldini had done previously. Adani also wore a similar non-metallic mask after he recovered, but dropped it shortly after.
In 2004, Adani returned to Brescia, but left the club in March of the following year, along with Roberto Guana. He joined Ascoli shortly after, appearing in only three games as the Marche side managed to retain its top flight status.
Before retiring from professional football at the age of 34, Adani played two years with Empoli, both in the first division, being regularly used in his first year, as the club qualified to the UEFA Cup, but only in six games in his second, as the club were relegated.
In 2009, Adani returned to football with amateurs Sammartinese, in Seconda Categoria (ninth level).
International career
Adani received five caps for Italy in four years. His debut came on 15 November 2000, in a 1–0 friendly win with England.
On 27 March 2002, against the same opponent, in another exhibition match, Adani made his second appearance, in a 2–1 win at Elland Road, again as a second-half substitute.
Style of play
Regarded as a promising defender in his youth, Adani was known for his composure on the ball and versatility; although he was usually deployed as a man marking centre-back, he was capable of playing anywhere along the back line.
Coaching career
He obtained UEFA B coaching license in 2008. (third category of the license) In 2010, he got the A license, made him eligible to coach Serie C team or as an assistant head coach in higher divisions. On 19 July 2011, it was announced that he would be the assistant head coach of Serie B team Vicenza, under Silvio Baldini.
TV commentator
In 2010, he started working as a color commentator for Sportitalia. In 2012, he joined Sky Sport (Italy).
After joining RAI as a commentator, during 2022 World Cup quarter finals, Adani compared Lionel Messi with Jesus, saying that the Argentinian is capable of making wine from water.
Honours
Fiorentina
Coppa Italia: 2000–01
References
External links
Daniele Adani at Inter.it
Daniele Adani at FIGC.it
1974 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Reggio Emilia
Italian men's footballers
Italian football managers
Men's association football defenders
Serie A players
Serie B players
Modena FC 2018 players
SS Lazio players
Brescia Calcio players
ACF Fiorentina players
Inter Milan players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
Empoli FC players
Italy men's international footballers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniele%20Adani |
Government House in Stanley has been the home of the Falkland Islands' governors since the mid-19th century. The official residence was built in 1845.
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica says in the Falkland Islands article that "Government House, grey, stone-built and slated, calls to mind a manse in Shetland or Orkney."
There is a conservatory on the northern side of the building, which Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited during his tour of the Falklands in 1991. One of the world's southernmost grapevines grows there, of the Black Hamburg variety.
Sir Ernest Shackleton stayed here during his famous expedition. Allegedly, he described his time there as being "far colder than any time on the ice".
It is a listed building.
It was the site of a major battle and of the surrender during the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands.
See also
Government Houses of the British Empire
Governor of the Falkland Islands
References
Houses completed in 1845
Official residences
Politics of the Falkland Islands
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
East Falkland
History of the Falkland Islands
Buildings and structures in Stanley, Falkland Islands
Government buildings completed in 1845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20House%2C%20Falkland%20Islands |
Macon State College was a four-year state college unit of the University System of Georgia. On Jan. 8, 2013, it was merged with Middle Georgia College into a new institution, Middle Georgia State College, which was renamed on July 1, 2015 to Middle Georgia State University.
Macon State College was formerly Macon College and Macon Junior College. It was located in Macon, Georgia, with a satellite campus in Warner Robins, Georgia as well as the Robins Resident Center, located on Robins Air Force Base. The Macon, Warner Robins and Robins Resident Center campuses and facilities remain in operation and now are part of Middle Georgia State University.
Most of the academic degree programs that had been offered at Macon State were retained during the consolidation.
Macon State began residence life programs in the fall 2010 when the college started offering housing and expanded student life activities. The college took over operation of a 300+ unit apartment complex adjacent to the Macon campus and renamed the complex College Station. The apartments, which are still in operation by Middle Georgia State University, are student-only units with resident advisers and security on site.
Macon State's main campus also became the main campus of Middle Georgia State University. The campus is located on more than on College Station Drive, along Eisenhower Parkway (US 80), in western Bibb County, Georgia. The Warner Robins campus, with three administrative and academic buildings, is located on Watson Boulevard, just a half-mile from the main gate of Robins Air Force Base. The Robins Resident Center is located in one of the many office buildings located on the Air Force base.
In addition to the Macon and Warner Robins campuses, Middle Georgia State University also continues to operate the three campuses that were part of the former Middle Georgia College. Those campuses are located in Cochran, Eastman and Dublin.
Presidents of Macon State College
1968-72: Jack K. Carlton, the first president of the institution
1972-84: William W. Wright
1984-85: Jack Ragland, served as interim president
1985-97: Dr. S. Aaron Hyatt
1998–2011: Dr. David A. Bell
2011-2012: Dr. Jeffery S. Allbritten
2012–2013: Dr. John Black, interim president
History
The history of Macon State College began in 1965, when the University System of Georgia's Board of Regents passed a resolution to create a public two-year college in central Georgia. Subsequently, the voters of Bibb County approved a bond issue to fund the college.
Macon Junior College, as it was then known, opened its doors in 1968 to the largest enrollment ever for a new state college in Georgia. In 1970, the Board of Regents directed Macon Junior College to serve civilian and military employees at Robins Air Force Base. The Robins Resident Center, located on the base, was subsequently established.
As several other junior colleges had recently gained four-year status, many speculated that Macon's would as well. However, the change took some time. It was not until 1983 that a statewide needs assessment indicated that the Macon area was underserved by state higher education. In 1987, the Regents removed "Junior" from the college's name but Macon College remained a two-year school.
In 1989, the college's president, Dr. S. Aaron Hyatt, asked the state to grant the college senior status. The following year, 25,000 local citizens signed a petition supporting the move, but state budget cuts prevented the issue from advancing.
Over the next several years, the topic was repeatedly discussed, and "senior status" was often recommended by University System consultants, but it would be 1996 before the Regents finally approved a change in mission and the introduction of the Bachelor of Science degree. Later that year, the school became known as "Macon State College" to indicate the new status. Both changes formally took effect in 1997. The first bachelor's degrees were awarded in May 1999.
During the fall 2007 convocation President David Bell announced the college would reorganize from divisions into schools—the School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Education, the School of Information Technology, the School of Nursing & Health Sciences, and the School of Business.
In April 2010, the president announced that the college had assumed operations of a 300+ apartment complex adjacent to the Macon campus. The units were available only to Macon State students and opened as student housing for the Fall 2010 semester.
In the fall of 2010, Dr. Bell announced that he would end his term as president in June 2011. In July 2011, Dr. Jeffery S. Allbritten, who had been serving as president of the Collier County Campus of Edison State College in Naples, Florida, assumed office as Macon State's new president. He held the position for only 12 months and left in June 2012, to be replaced by Dr. John Black, who began in July 2012 and served as interim president.
In January 2012, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia approved the merger of the college with Middle Georgia College. The Board of Regents approved the name change to Middle Georgia State College on Tuesday, May 8, 2012 and also laid out a path for elevating the consolidated institution to university status after a review process. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, the regional accrediting agency, gave its approval of the consolidation in December 2012, and the Board of Regents acted to make the consolidation official, effective immediately, on Jan. 8, 2013. In a subsequent action, the college was elevated to university status on July 1, 2015 and renamed Middle Georgia State University.
Points of interest
Waddell Barnes Botanical Gardens
References
External links
Macon State College website
Defunct public universities and colleges in Georgia (U.S. state)
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Educational institutions established in 1965
Educational institutions disestablished in 2013
Universities and colleges in Macon, Georgia
Education in Houston County, Georgia
Buildings and structures in Houston County, Georgia
Warner Robins, Georgia
1965 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
2013 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macon%20State%20College |
Life FM may refer to:
New Zealand
Life FM (New Zealand), a Christian radio network
United States
The Life FM, a Christian radio network
Australia
Life FM (Adelaide), 5RAM, a radio station in Adelaide, South Australia
Life FM (Gold Coast), 4CAB, a radio station on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Life FM (Gippsland), 3GCB, a radio station in the Gippsland region of Victoria
Life FM (Wagga Wagga), 2WLF, a radio station in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales
Life FM (Bathurst), 2BCB, a radio station in Bathurst, Central Tablelands, New South Wales
Life FM (Bendigo), Central Victorian Gospel Radio Inc. in Bendigo, Victoria
England
a former name of Bang Radio, a radio station in Harlesden, London
South Africa
Life FM (South Africa), a Christian community radio station based in the North West. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20FM |
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–36,000 ppm or 1–36 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs. The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing agents in pools. Hydrogen is produced as byproduct too.
Distinction from traditional pool chlorination
The presence of chlorine in traditional swimming pools can be described as a combination of free available chlorine (FAC) and combined available chlorine (CAC). While FAC is composed of the free chlorine that is available for disinfecting the water, the CAC includes chloramines, which are formed by the reaction of FAC with amines (introduced into the pool by human perspiration, saliva, mucus, urine, and other biologics, and by insects and other pests). Chloramines are responsible for the "chlorine smell" of pools, as well as skin and eye irritation. These problems are the result of insufficient levels of free available chlorine, and indicate a pool that must be "shocked" by the addition of 5–10 times the normal amount of chlorine. In saltwater pools, the generator uses electrolysis to continuously produce free chlorine. As such, a saltwater pool or hot tub is not actually chlorine-free; it simply utilizes added salt and a chlorine generator instead of direct addition of chlorine. It also burns off chloramines in the same manner as traditional shock (oxidizer). As with traditionally chlorinated pools, saltwater pools must be monitored in order to maintain proper water chemistry. Low chlorine levels can be caused by insufficient salt, incorrect (low) chlorine-generation setting on the SWG unit, higher-than-normal chlorine demand, low stabilizer, sun exposure, insufficient pump speed, or mechanical issues with the chlorine generator. Salt count can be lowered due to splash-out, backwashing, and dilution via rainwater.
Health concerns
Research has shown that because saltwater pools still use chlorine sanitization, they generate the same disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that are present in traditional pools. Of highest concern are haloketones and trihalomethanes (THMs) of those the predominant form being bromoform. Very high levels of bromoform—up to 1.3 mg per liter, or 13 times the World Health Organization's guideline values—have been found in some public saltwater swimming pools.
Manufacturers have been producing saltwater chlorine generators in the United States since the early 1980s, and they first appeared commercially in New Zealand in the early 1970s (the Aquatech IG4500).
Operation
The chlorinator cell consists of parallel titanium plates coated with ruthenium and sometimes iridium. Older models make use of perforated (or mesh) plates rather than solid plates. Electrolysis naturally attracts calcium and other minerals to the plates. Thus, depending on water chemistry and magnitude of use, the cell will require periodic cleaning in a mild acid solution (1 part HCl to 15 parts water) which will remove the buildup of calcium compound crystals, such as calcium carbonate or calcium nitrate. Excessive buildup can reduce the effectiveness of the cell. Running the chlorinator for long periods with insufficient salt in the pool can strip the coating off the cell which then requires an expensive replacement, as can using too strong an acid wash.
Saltwater pools can also require stabilizer (cyanuric acid) to help stop the sun's UV rays from breaking down free chlorine in the pool. Usual levels are 20–50 ppm. They also require the pH to be kept between 7.2 and 7.8 with the chlorine being more effective if the pH is kept closer to 7.2. The average salt levels are usually in the 3000-5000 ppm range, much less than the ocean, which has salt levels of around 35,000 ppm. In swimming pools, salt is typically poured across the bottom and swept with the pool brush until it dissolves; if concentrated brine is allowed into the return-water system it can cause the chlorinator cell to malfunction due to overconductivity.
Salt water chlorination produces an excess of hydroxyl ions, and this requires the frequent addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl, also known as muriatic acid) to neutralise the alkalinity. The initial chlorine chemistry is as follows.
4NaCl → 4Na+ + 4Cl− Salt dissolves in water.
4Na+ + 4Cl− → 4Na + 2Cl2 By electrolysis.
4Na + 4H2O → 4Na+ +4OH− + 2H2 Reaction of metallic sodium with water.
2Cl2 + 2H2O → 2HClO + 2H+ + 2Cl− Hydrolysis of aqueous Chlorine gas.
2HClO → HClO + ClO− + H+ Dissociation of hypochlorous acid at pH 7.5 and 25C.
4NaCl + 3H2O → 4Na+ + HClO + ClO− + OH− + 2Cl− + 2H2 Net of all the above.
Addition of Hydrochloric Acid to restore the pH to 7.5
HCl + 4Na+ + HClO + ClO− + OH− + 2Cl− +2H2 → HClO + OCl− + H2O + 4Na+ + 3Cl− + 2H2.
4NaCl + HCl + 2H2O → HClO + OCl− + 4Na+ + 3Cl− + 2H2 Net of the last two.
Benefits and disadvantages
The benefits of salt systems in pools are the convenience and the constant delivery of pure chlorine-based sanitizer. The reduction of irritating chloramines versus traditional chlorinating methods and the "softening" effect of electrolysis reducing dissolved alkali minerals in the water are also perceived as benefits. For some people that have sensitivities to chlorine, these systems may be less offensive.
Disadvantages are the initial cost of the system, maintenance, and the cost of replacement cells. Salt is corrosive and will damage some metals and some improperly-sealed stone. However, as the ideal saline concentration of a salt-chlorinated pool is very low (<3,500ppm, the threshold for human perception of salt by taste; seawater is about ten times this concentration), damage usually occurs due to improperly-maintained pool chemistry or improper maintenance of the electrolytic cell. Pool equipment manufacturers typically will not warrant stainless steel products damaged by saline pools.
Calcium and other alkali precipitate buildup will occur naturally on the cathode plate, and sometimes in the pool itself as "scaling". Regular maintenance of the cell is necessary; failure to do so will reduce the effectiveness of the cell. Certain designs of saline chlorinators use a "reverse-polarity" method that will regularly switch the roles of the two electrodes between anode and cathode, causing this calcium buildup to dissolve off the accumulating electrode. Such systems reduce but do not eliminate the need to clean the electrolytic cell and the occurrence of calcium scale in the water.
As chlorine is generated, pH will rise causing the chlorine to be less effective. Many systems with chemistry automation can sense the rising pH and automatically introduce either CO2 or hydrochloric acid in order to bring the pH back to the target level.Automation systems will also manage levels of sanitizer by monitoring the ORP or redox levels of the water. This allows only the needed amount of chlorine to be generated based on the demand.
Sodium bromide can be used instead of sodium chloride, which produces a bromine pool. The benefits and downsides are the same as those of a salt system. It is not necessary to use a chloride-based acid to balance the pH. Also, bromine is only effective as a sanitizer, not as an oxidizer, leaving a need for adding a "shock" such as hydrogen peroxide or any chlorine-based shock to burn off inorganic waste and free up combined bromines. This extra step is not needed in a sodium chloride system, as chlorine is effective as both a sanitizer and an oxidizer. A user would only need to "super chlorinate" or increase chlorine production of the cell occasionally. That would normally be less than once a week or after heavy bather loads.
References
Swimming pools
Water treatment
Chlorine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt%20water%20chlorination |
Anuyoga (Devanagari: अनुयोग 'further yoga') is the designation of the second of the three Inner Tantras according to the ninefold division of practice used by the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. This schema categorizes various stages of practice, and Anuyoga specifically emphasizes the completion stage of Tantra. As with the other yanas, Anuyoga represents both a scriptural division as well as a specific emphasis of both view and practice. Anuyoga delves into inner practices involving the subtle body, chakras, prana (subtle energies), nadis (energy pathways), and consciousness (bindu). It is particularly suited for individuals whose primary obstacle is passion and is associated with the feminine principle.
The central view of Anuyoga revolves around realizing the essence of the 'Threefold Maṇḍala of Samantabhadra,' comprising 'empty basic space', 'wisdom', and the 'union of emptiness and wisdom'. The Anuyoga category can be further divided into four root sutras, six tantras clarifying the six limits, twelve rare tantras, and the Seventy Literary Scriptures, making it a rich and diverse tradition within Tibetan Buddhism that focuses on inner transformation and enlightenment through completion stage practices.
Position in the nine-yana schema
Anuyoga is said to emphasise the completion stage of Tantra, where the preceding division, Mahayoga emphasises the generation stage. Dalton (2003: unpaginated) in introducing the literature of the Anuyoga-yana affirms the affiliation of the Anuyoga-yana with the 'completion stage' also known as the 'perfection stage':
Modern-day doxographical presentations of the Nyingma school are usually based on the system of the nine vehicles (theg pa dgu). Emphasis is placed on the highest three vehicles in this scheme, namely Mahāyoga, Anuyoga, and Atiyoga. Generally speaking, these three “inner” yogas correspond to three stages in tantric practice, namely the generation stage, during which the details of the visualizations are stabilised, the perfection stage, in which those visualizations are then employed towards familiarizing oneself with the state of enlightenment, and finally the Great Perfection, the spontaneous accomplishment of buddhahood. Being the second of the three inner yogas, Anuyoga is thus associated with the practices of the perfection stage.
Ray (2002: p. 124-125) mentions visualization, subtle body, chakra, prana, nadis, bindu and pure land:
Anuyoga-yana is associated with the feminine principle and is for those whose principal obstacle is passion. In anuyoga the emphasis shifts away from external visualization toward the completion stage, in which one meditates on the inner or subtle body with its primary energy centres (chakras), and its prana (winds or subtle energies), nadis (the inner pathways along which one's energy travels), and bindu (the consciousness). In anuyoga, all appearances are seen as the three great mandalas, and reality is understood as the deities and their pure lands.
Germano (2002: unpaginated) frames the importance of Nub Sangye Yeshe as the instigator of Anuyoga within Tibet and states that it was:
"the late ninth century Nub Sangye Yeshe (gnubs sangs rgyas ye shes), who inaugurated the Anuyoga tradition in Tibet...".
Dudjom (1904-1987), et al. (1991: p. 460 History) relate an important source that impacts on the story of King Ja (particularly the narrative of the Buddhadharma relics falling from the sky upon the royal palace) a happenstance which is implied to be concurrent with the emergence of the texts of Anuyoga in Sri Lanka with the provision of a quote of what Dudjom et al. identify as a "prediction" found in the fifth chapter of the 'Tantra which Comprises the Supreme Path of the Means which Clearly Reveal All-Positive Pristine Cognition' (Wylie: kun bzang ye shes gsal bar ston pa'i thabs kyi lam mchog 'dus pa'i rgyud, Nyingma Gyubum Vol.3) which Dudjom, et al., render in English thus:
The Mahayoga tantras will fall onto the palace of King Ja. The Anuyoga tantras will emerge in the forests of Singhala [Dudjom et al. identify Singhala as located in Ceylon].
View
The particular view of Anuyoga is to realise the essence of the 'Threefold Maṇḍala of Samantabhadra' (Wylie: kun tu bzang po dkyil 'khor gsum):
"empty basic space" (Wylie: skyes med pa'i dbyings): the 'Primordial Maṇḍala of Samantabhadrī' (Wylie: ye ji bzhin pa'i dkyil 'khor)
"wisdom" (Wylie: Ye shes): the 'Natural Maṇḍala of Spontaneous Presence'(Wylie: rang bzhin lhun grub kyi dkyil 'khor)
"union of emptiness and wisdom" (Wylie: chos kyi dbyings kyi ye shes): the 'fundamental Maṇḍala of Enlightenment' (Wylie: byang chub sems kyi dkyil 'khor)
Stated differently:
The three mandalas of: Kuntuzangmo, the unborn dharmadhatu (dByings skye med kun tu bzang mo’i dkyil ’khor); whose unobstructed skillful means of luminosity is the mandala of Kuntuzangpo, the yeshe wisdom (Ye.shes kun tu.bzang po’i dkyil ’khor); and their inseparable union is the mandala of Great Bliss their son (Sras bde ba chen po’i dkyil ‘khor).
Texts
Anuyoga is the middle category of the inner tantras for the Nyingma school. This doxographical category, often called 'mdo' (Wylie; Sanskrit: sūtra; English: 'thread', 'continuity'), is not to be confused with the non-tantric category by the same name. It contains several works that designate themselves as sūtras, as well as the important text "Compendium of the Buddhas' Intentionality" (Wylie: sangs rgyas dgongs 'dus) or Compendium of the Intentions (Wylie: dgongs pa ’dus pa’i mdo, Skt: sarvavidyā sūtra). This text may or may not have ever existed in India; according to the colpohon it was translated from the language of Gilgit (bru sha), whence all of the Anuyoga texts are said to have been brought to Tibet.
Altogether, there are three volumes of Anuyoga tantras amounting to nearly three thousand pages of Tibetan text. Although the mTshams brag edition of The Collected Tantras does not rigorously organise its texts according to sub-categories, the Anuyoga category may be further subdivided according to the following scheme from Dudjom Rinpoche (Dudjom, et al. 1991: p. 289) which varies from the earlier catalogues canonised by Jigme Lingpa and that of Dampa Deshegs:
The four root sutras (Wylie: rtsa ba'i rgyud bzhi)
The six tantras clarifying the six limits (Wylie: mtha’ drug gsal bar byed pa’i rgyud drug)
The twelve rare tantras (Wylie: dkon rgyud bcu gnyis)
The Seventy Literary Scriptures (Wylie: lung gi yi ge bdun cu)
The four root sutras (Wylie: rtsa ba’i mdo bzhi)
Gathering of the Hidden Meaning (Wylie: dgongs pa ’dus pa’i mdo) Skt: sarva tathāgata citta jñāna guhyārtha garbha vyūha vajra tantra / siddha yogāgama samāja sarvavidyā sūtra mahāyānābhisamaya dharmā paryāya vivyūha nāma sūtram
Gathering of All Knowledge (Wylie: kun ’dus rig pa’i mdo) Skt: sarva tathāgata citta guhya jñānārtha garbha krodha vajra kula tantra piṇḍārtha vidyā yoga siddha nāma mahāyāna sūtra
Play of the Charnel Ground Cuckoo (Wylie: dur khrod khu byug rol ba) Skt: sarva tathāgatasya kāya vāk citta guhya śmaśāna lalita tantra nāma mahāyāna sūtra
Wheel of Lightning of Miraculous Wisdom (Wylie: ye shes rngam pa klog gi ‘khor lo) Skt: sarva tathāgata guhya mahāgupta kośa akṣaya nidhi dīpa mahāvrata sādhana tantra jñānāścarya dyuti cakra nāma mahāyānasūtra
The six tantras clarifying the six limits (Wylie: mtha’ drug gsal bar byed pa’i rgyud drug)
kun tu bzang po che ba rang la gnas pa’i rgyud (Skt: sarva dr̥ṣṭi rāja samantabhadrādhimātra svasti tantra)
dbang bskur rgyal po (Skt: padma rāja abhiṣiñca rāja ati tantra)
ting ’dzin mchog (Skt: samādhyagra tantra rāja)
skabs sbyor bdun pa (Skt: saca karma sarva rāja tantra)
brtson pa don bden
dam tshig bkod pa
The twelve rare tantras (Wylie: dkon rgyud bcu gnyis)
zhi ba lha rgyud (Skt: śānti deva tantra mahā)
chos nyid zhi ba’i lha rgyud (Skt: dharmatā śānti deva tantra)
khro bo’i lha rgyud chen mo (Skt: krodha deva tantra mahā)
khro bo’i lha rgyud rtogs pa chen po (Skt: krodha deva tantra mahā kalpa)
thugs rje chen po’i gtor rgyud (terminating colophon of the Catalogue of the Rig 'dzin Tshe dbang nor bu rNying ma'i rgyud 'bum (Skt: mahā karuṇā baliṃ māṃsa raktāsthi mahā bali tantra)
rnal ’byor gsang ba’i tshogs rgyud chen po (Skt: yoga gaṇa mahā tantra)
dpal ’bar khro mo (Skt: śrī jvala krodhī tantra)
rak ta dmar gyi rgyud (Skt: sarva tathāgata rakta mūla tantra)
me lha zhi bar gyur ba ’bar ba’i rgyud (Skt: ratna agni śāntiṃkuru jvala tantra)
khro bo’i sbyin bsregs rdo rje’i dur mo
hum mdzad chen mo (Skt: mahā hūṃ kāra tantra)
zla gsang chen mo
The Seventy Literary Scriptures (Wylie: lung gi yi ge bdun cu)
This list remains to be enumerated.
Mindstream
The 'mind-stream doctrine' (Sanskrit: citta santana; Wylie: thugs rgyud; sems rgyud) is a union of the Semde (Wylie: sems sde, 'mind series') category of Atiyoga and Anuyoga proper and is reinforced by the Guhyagarbha Tantra literature and the Kulayarāja Tantra which comprised a major part of the transmitted precepts of the 'Zur Lineage' (Wylie: zur lugs):
This family was responsible for first formulating the transmitted precepts as such. In doing so, they made the Compendium Sūtra a major part of their system, placing it alongside the Guhyagarbha Tantra and the kun byed rgyal po to make their famous “sūtra-tantra-mind triad” (mdo rgyud sems gsum). These three works became the chief canonical texts of the Zur’s transmitted precepts, corresponding to the respective doxographical classes of Anuyoga, Mahāyoga, and the mind series of Atiyoga (sems sde).
See also
Katok Monastery
Notes
References
Electronic
Anu-yoga Tantra-s in the Collected Tantra-s of the Ancients
Print
Dudjom Rinpoche and Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje. The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: its Fundamentals and History. Two Volumes. 1991. Translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with Matthew Kapstein. Wisdom Publications, Boston.
Dargyay, Eva M. (author) & Wayman, Alex (editor)(1998). The Rise of Esoteric Buddhism in Tibet. Second revised edition, reprint.Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt Ltd. Buddhist Tradition Series Vol.32. (paper)
Kapstein, Matthew T. (2002). The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism: Conversion, Contestation, and Memory (Paperback). Oxford University Press, United States.
viparita karani
Further reading
Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche. Key to Opening the Wisdom Door of Anuyoga: Exploring the One Taste of the Three Mandalas. Volume 7 of the Padma Samye Ling (PSL) Shedra Series. 2015. Sidney Center, New York: Dharma Samudra. (book)
Nyingma
Yoga styles
Tantric practices
Tibetan Buddhist practices
Nyingma texts
Vajrayana practices
Buddhist tantras | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuyoga |
Charley Dewberry is the Dean of Gutenberg College in Eugene, Oregon.
He has worked as a stream and field worker in the Pacific Northwest. He is the chief architect of the Siuslaw partnership's Knowles Creek restoration project, one of five finalists in 2003 for the prestigious international Thiess Riverprize. Dewberry continues diving and teaching salmon-survey techniques.
Over the last 25 years he has worked at the U.S. Forest Service's anadromous fish unit in Corvallis, Oregon; for the Pacific Rivers Council; and for Ecotrust. He was one of the original divers in the development of the Hankin-Reeves whole-basin survey technique, a standard method for conducting juvenile salmon surveys. He managed the Pacific River Council's national river restoration project, which published Entering the Watershed (Island Press).
He has published two books, Saving Science: A Critique of Science and Its Role in Salmon Recovery and Intelligent Discourse: Exposing the fallacious standoff between Evolution and Intelligent Design.
References
External links
Saving Science: A Critique of Science and Its Role in Salmon Recovery
Intelligent Discourse: Exposing the fallacious standoff between Evolution and Intelligent Design
Gutenberg College
United States Forest Service officials
American ichthyologists
American science writers
American conservationists
Writers from Corvallis, Oregon
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charley%20Dewberry |
Adam Michael Shankman (born November 27, 1964) is an American film director, producer, writer, dancer, author, actor, and choreographer. He was a permanent judge on seasons 6–7 of the television program So You Think You Can Dance. He began his professional career in musical theater, and was a dancer in music videos for Paula Abdul and Janet Jackson. Shankman has choreographed dozens of films and directed several feature-length films, including A Walk to Remember, Bringing Down the House, The Pacifier, and the musicals Hairspray and Disenchanted.
His company, Offspring Entertainment (which he co-owns with his sister), produces films and television for various studios and networks.
Shankman is also currently co-writing young adult novels for Simon & Schuster imprint Atheneum Books for Young Readers. The books, co-written with author Laura Lee Sullivan, follow the story of rags to riches Lucille O'Malley as she becomes Hollywood's "it girl", navigating a murder mystery and meeting her match, Frederick van der Waals.
Early life
Shankman was born in Los Angeles to an upper-middle-class Jewish family. He is the son of Phyllis (née Perper), a licensed practitioner in Gestalt therapy, and Ned Shankman, an entertainment lawyer and manager for such acts as Barry White, the American band X, and Sister Sledge. His sister Jennifer was born when Shankman was four years old. He attended Palisades High School before attending Juilliard School.
Early career
After graduating from Palisades, Shankman was a performing intern and junior company member of the prestigious Children's Theatre Company in Minneapolis. Having been accepted for both dancing and acting at Juilliard, he chose dance as his major without having any previous formal training. He dropped out of college to dance in musical theater and at nineteen he was cast in his first professional show, West Side Story, at the esteemed Michigan Opera Theater.
Shankman moved back to Los Angeles and started dancing in music videos. He was a dancer in Janet Jackson's "Alright" video, as well as in an MC Skat Kat video with Paula Abdul. Shankman broke into professional choreography in a 1989 music video for rapper MC Shan with director Julien Temple. When the hired choreographer fell through, Shankman lied and said that he had done choreography for Janet Jackson and Paula Abdul. He was hired on the spot without his story being verified. As a choreographer, he worked with acts including Tony! Toni! Toné!, The Time, Whitney Houston and Aaron Neville. In 1996 he won a Bob Fosse Award for Best Choreography in a Commercial. On television, he was a go-to choreographer on Friends and The Ellen DeGeneres Show. He served as a choreographer and dance consultant on dozens of movies including Addams Family Values, Catch Me If You Can, George of the Jungle and Boogie Nights.
In 1998 Shankman wrote and directed Cosmo's Tale, a non-dialogue short film that appeared at the Sundance Film Festival. Following the short, his sister, Jennifer Gibgot, asked him to read a script that she had already set up with Fine Line Features, entitled The Wedding Planner. He liked the script and this led to a meeting with execs. He was hired for the job of director ten minutes into the meeting. The movie eventually went to Columbia Pictures and was a box office success.
Directing career
Following The Wedding Planner, Shankman went on to direct seven more studio films: A Walk to Remember, Cheaper by the Dozen 2, Bringing Down the House, The Pacifier, the 2007 award-winning film Hairspray, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures' Bedtime Stories, and the movie based on the musical of the same name, Rock of Ages. In 2019 he directed What Men Want, starring Taraji P. Henson for Paramount Pictures.
Shankman also helmed Walt Disney Pictures' Disenchanted, the sequel to Enchanted, starring Amy Adams.
Shankman has directed commercial campaigns for Macy's, Marshalls and Schick, as well as primetime television pilots and shows, including Being Mary Jane, Glee, AJ and the Queen, Step Up: High Water and Modern Family. He has directed several shorts for Funny or Die, including "Prop 8 - The Musical" starring Jack Black and written by composer Marc Shaiman. According to Time magazine, "Prop 8 - The Musical" was Marc Shaiman's attempt to pick apart the anti-gay marriage lobby's logic. Lending support to the cause were actors Jack Black, John C. Reilly, Maya Rudolph, Craig Robinson, Neil Patrick Harris and Allison Janney.
In 2012, Shankman directed a dual campaign to attract young voters for Rock the Vote and Funny or Die.
In June 2017, he directed the pilot for Step Up, a gritty teen drama series produced by Lionsgate Television and YouTube Red.
Producing career
In addition to directing, Shankman has produced various studio films with his sister Jennifer Gibgot, through their company Offspring Entertainment. These include Touchstone Pictures' Step Up, which helped launch the careers of Channing Tatum and Jenna Dewan; Premonition, starring Sandra Bullock; Bedtime Stories for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures; 17 Again, starring Zac Efron; The Last Song, starring Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth; and Going the Distance, starring Justin Long and Drew Barrymore. Shankman also served as producer of the Step Up franchise.
In 2009 Shankman produced Carrie Underwood: An All-Star Holiday Special, with Executive Producer Nigel Lythgoe.
With Bill Mechanic, Shankman was one of the two producers of the 82nd Academy Awards, which took place on March 7, 2010. The telecast earned a record 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including two for Shankman, for Best Choreography and Co-Producing.
Offspring Entertainment, in addition to having several feature films on the development slate, has a deal with Warner Bros. Television and Warner Horizon, and is currently developing television series and events for both network and cable.
Adam Shankman serves as an executive producer on YouTube Premium and Lionsgate Television series Step Up. He also directed the pilot episode. The third season of the series aired on Starz Encore in 2022. In May 2021, Shankman announced that he would serve as an executive producer for Hocus Pocus 2.
Theater and stage
In August 2014, Shankman directed and choreographed a production of Hair at the Hollywood Bowl. Zach Woodlee assisted Shankman in choreography and Lon Hoyt served as music director. The show presented an all-star cast including Benjamin Walker as Berger, Kristen Bell as Sheila and Hunter Parrish as Claude. Other cast members included Sarah Hyland, Jenna Ushkowitz, Mario, Kevin Chamberlin, Beverly D'Angelo and Amber Riley. As is customary with the annual Bowl musicals, the Hair cast had fewer than 14 days to get the semi-staged show up and running.
Shankman and his team had the task of teaching dialogue, choreography, music and lyrics for over forty numbers to a cast of thirty, in just ten days before going on to dress rehearsals. The cast and crew had only two dress rehearsals before going live to a crowd of 11,000 people. The show garnered positive reviews, including one from BroadwayWorld.com: "Overall, Shankman's production of HAIR for the Hollywood Bowl is definitely a must-see event this weekend. Steeped in dazzling visuals, fun music, high-energy choreography, and a cast of talented, staggeringly gorgeous youngsters with giddiness coming out of every pore, this musical celebration of peace, love, and happiness deserves your attention."
In 2015, Warner Bros. Theater Ventures started developing a musical version of the 2009 movie 17 Again, which was directed by Burr Steers and produced by Shankman and Gibgot. The show was workshopped in New York's theater district, with a run planned for the near future. The musical is being produced by Warner Bros. Theater Ventures, Mark Kaufman and Adam Shankman.
So You Think You Can Dance
Shankman was a judge and choreographer on seasons 3–10 of the Fox Broadcasting reality show So You Think You Can Dance. He used the term "lyrical hip-hop" to describe the dance style associated with the choreography duo of Napoleon and Tabitha D'umo. The term is popularly credited to him, as reported in the May/June 2009 issue of Dance Spirit magazine.
Charitable work
Shankman has donated time and funds to numerous charitable and political foundations. He actively promotes charitable causes by producing live events and galas, utilizing social media, participating in PSAs, speaking engagements and personal appearances. These charities include AIDS Project Los Angeles, Mountains AIDS Foundation, Feeding America, the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation, Point Foundation, GO Campaign, Special Olympics and Motion Picture and Television Fund. He teaches classes and mentors students for Ghetto Film School and has appeared at events for Operation Smile.
Shankman serves on the board of The Trevor Project and co-founded the DizzyFeet Foundation with his friend Nigel Lythgoe. This was founded in 2009 to support, improve, and increase access to dance education in the United States by providing grants to after school dance and arts programs in low income areas and rewarding scholarships to talented dancers across the country. The foundation is the biggest supporter and trailblazer for National Dance Day, hosting various events every July across the United States.
Personal life
Shankman is gay.
He officiated the wedding of actors Freddie Prinze Jr. and Sarah Michelle Gellar, a good friend of his with whom he worked while choreographing Buffy the Vampire Slayer. He got the Buffy job based on Gellar's recommendation to the show's creator, Joss Whedon.
Shankman danced on the Oscars telecast in 1990, and exactly 20 years later was a producer and choreographer at
the 82nd Oscars. At the 1989 Oscars, Shankman danced in the number "Under the Sea", where he met his best friend (a dancer in the same number), director and choreographer Anne Fletcher. A star in the Hercules constellation was nicknamed after Shankman in the International Star Registry.
Filmography
Film
Producer
Step Up (2006)
Premonition (2007)
Step Up 2: The Streets (2008)
17 Again (2009)
The Last Song (2010)
Step Up 3D (2010)
Going the Distance (2010)
Step Up Revolution (2012)
Step Up: All In (2014)
Status Update (2018)
Step Up: Year of the Dance (2019)
Television
Producer
The 82nd Annual Academy Awards (2010)
Acting credits
Choreographer
Video short
Other credits
References
External links
Interview with The Advocate
1964 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American choreographers
American male dancers
American male film actors
American television directors
Comedy film directors
Film directors from Los Angeles
Film producers from California
American gay actors
Jewish American male actors
Gay Jews
Gay dancers
American LGBT film directors
LGBT television directors
LGBT theatre directors
LGBT people from California
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
21st-century American Jews
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American LGBT people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Shankman |
Ronald Glen "Big Baby" Davis (born January 1, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics, Orlando Magic, Los Angeles Clippers, and the St. John’s Edge.
After playing college basketball with LSU, Davis was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 35th overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft. Shortly thereafter, he was traded to the Boston Celtics, with whom he won the 2008 NBA Finals.
High school career
Davis attended Louisiana State University Laboratory School in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Considered a six-star recruit by Rivals.com, Davis was listed as the No. 3 power forward and the No. 13 player in the nation in 2004.
College career
The Southeastern Conference's coaches voted Davis the 2006 SEC Player of the Year, and he was also named to the All-SEC first team. In 2006 as a sophomore, Davis led the Tigers to their first Final Four appearance since 1986. In the crucial game of the national semifinals, LSU lost to UCLA, trailing by a wide margin in the first half and never managing a comeback. Davis scored 17 points and made 4 out of 10 free throws before eventually fouling out.
Professional career
Boston Celtics (2007–2011)
On March 20, 2007, Davis held a press conference to announce that he would forgo his senior season at LSU and enter his name into the 2007 NBA draft. On March 20, 2007, it was reported that he had signed with agent John Hamilton of Performance Sports Management to represent him.
Davis was drafted by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 35th overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft. The rights to Davis and Ray Allen were traded to the Boston Celtics for Delonte West, Wally Szczerbiak, and the rights to the 5th overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft, Jeff Green.
Davis was on the Celtics' 2007 summer league team. With the departures of Ryan Gomes, Gerald Green, and Al Jefferson, Davis was expecting to see a lot of playing time his rookie season. Though he is primarily a power forward, Davis also spent some time playing as the team's backup center in the regular season.
After coming off the bench for the first 19 games of the season, Davis made his first NBA start against the Sacramento Kings on December 12, 2007, in place of injured center Kendrick Perkins. Playing at power forward with Kevin Garnett taking Perkins' place at center, he scored 16 points and pulled down 9 rebounds as the Celtics won the game 90–78. His breakout performance took place against the Detroit Pistons on January 5, 2008, as he scored 16 of his 20 points in the fourth quarter, including the last basket of the game. The Celtics would win the 2008 NBA Finals in Davis's rookie season by defeating the Los Angeles Lakers in six games in the finals.
On March 21, 2009, Davis scored a then-career-high 24 points against the Memphis Grizzlies in the Celtics' 105–87 win in Memphis.
In the 2009 NBA Playoffs, Davis had significant playing time after injuries to Kevin Garnett and Leon Powe. In Game Four of the 2009 Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Orlando Magic, Davis made two key shots, including a buzzer beater, in the final seconds of the game to give the Celtics the 95–94 win over the Magic. After the shot, Davis accidentally jostled a twelve-year-old fan while running down the court in celebration. The boy's father complained to NBA and Celtics officials but later retracted his demand for an apology. Davis apologized nevertheless, and said that, "I'm a big guy. Imagine if my emotions are going so wild, and if I'm running by somebody, I don’t feel them. If I've hurt anybody or if I’ve done any harm to anybody, please forgive me because my intentions were harmless."
On August 10, 2009, Davis signed a two-year, $6.5 million contract with the Celtics. On May 27, 2010, during the 2010 Eastern Conference Finals against the Orlando Magic in Game 5, Glen Davis suffered a severe concussion when he got elbowed in the face by Dwight Howard. Davis would play in the Game 6 clincher, finishing with 6 points and 7 rebounds as they advanced to the 2010 NBA Finals. The Celtics would face the Los Angeles Lakers in a rematch of the 2008 championship. In Game 4, Davis had 18 points and 5 rebounds to tie the series. The Celtics fell in seven games.
Orlando Magic (2011–2014)
On December 12, 2011, Davis was signed and traded to the Orlando Magic along with Von Wafer for Brandon Bass. On April 3, 2012, Davis scored a then-career-high 31 points in a 95–102 loss to the Detroit Pistons.
On December 3, 2013, he recorded a career high 33 points, along with 3 rebounds and 3 assists, in a double-overtime loss to the Philadelphia 76ers.
On February 21, 2014, Davis and the Magic mutually agreed to a contract buyout.
Los Angeles Clippers (2014–2015)
On February 24, 2014, Davis signed with the Los Angeles Clippers. On March 29, 2014, coach Doc Rivers had security escort Davis to the locker room after the two exchanged words when Rivers removed him from the game against the Houston Rockets. On July 19, 2014, Davis re-signed with the Clippers on a one-year deal.
Davis became an unrestricted free agent following the 2014–15 season and had left ankle surgery in September 2015, sidelining him from basketball-related activities for eight to 12 weeks.
St. John's Edge (2018–2019)
In September 2018, Davis was announced as a new player for Zadar of the Croatian League and the ABA League, but failed to make a final agreement with the club management, consequently leaving the team before signing a contract.
On December 5, 2018, Davis signed with the St. John's Edge of the National Basketball League of Canada. In the 2018–19 season, Davis averaged 17.3 points, 7.4 rebounds, and 3.0 assists per game. He was named to the All-NBLC Third Team.
Personal life
In the summer of 2001, at only 15 years of age, Davis attended a basketball camp run by LSU alumnus and future Boston Celtic teammate Shaquille O'Neal on the campus of Louisiana State University. O'Neal challenged Davis to a friendly wrestling match, in which Davis lifted the , center and body-slammed him to the ground. The encounter left a strong impression on O'Neal; ultimately, the incident helped Davis to get introduced to former LSU head coach Dale Brown.
His nickname is Big Baby, given to him at the age of 9 by a youth league coach. At , , he was too large to play pee-wee and played as a senior. When Davis felt he was being bullied by his older opponents, Davis' coach was known to say, "Stop crying, you big baby."
On December 21, 2008, Davis was injured in a car accident while driving to a game against the New York Knicks; he suffered a concussion and whiplash. In 2013, he adopted a vegan diet for health reasons.
In November 2016, Davis put his basketball career "on hold" as he ventured into film production.
On February 7, 2018, Davis was arrested for drug possession and drug distribution after police found 126 grams of marijuana and a briefcase containing $92,000 in cash inside his hotel room in Aberdeen, Maryland. Davis agreed to pay the maximum fine of $15,000 in exchange for moving the case to the stet docket, a legal disposition in the State of Maryland meaning the court agrees to indefinitely suspend the case and not pursue the charges.
On October 7, 2021, Davis, along with 18 other former NBA players, was indicted by a federal grand jury in the Southern District of New York on charges of conspiracy to commit health care fraud and wire fraud for allegedly defrauding the NBA's health and welfare benefit plan. He is alleged to have filed fraudulent insurance claims for reimbursement.
BIG3
In the 2018 season, Davis helped Power win the BIG3 championship.
NBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| †
| align="left" | Boston
| 69 || 1 || 13.6 || .484 || .000 || .660 || 3.0 || .4 || .4 || .3 || 4.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Boston
| 76 || 16 || 21.5 || .442 || .400 || .730 || 4.0 || .9 || .7 || .3 || 7.0
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Boston
| 54 || 1 || 17.3 || .437 || .000 || .696 || 3.8 || .6 || .4 || .3 || 6.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Boston
| 78 || 13 || 29.5 || .448 || .133 || .736 || 5.4 || 1.2 || 1.0 || .4 || 11.7
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Orlando
| 61 || 13 || 23.4 || .421 || .143 || .683 || 5.4 || .8 || .7 || .3 || 9.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Orlando
| 34 || 33 || 31.3 || .448 || .000 || .718 || 7.2 || 2.1 || .9 || .6 || 15.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Orlando
| 45 || 43 || 30.1 || .453 || .400 || .675 || 6.3 || 1.6 || 1.0 || .5 || 12.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | L.A. Clippers
| 23 || 1 || 13.4 || .481 || .000 || .783 || 3.0 || .3 || .5 || .3 || 4.2
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | L.A. Clippers
| 74 || 0 || 12.2 || .459 || .000 || .632 || 2.3 || .5 || .6 || .3 || 4.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | Career
| 514 || 121 || 21.1 || .447 || .182 || .700 || 4.4 || .9 || .7 || .3 || 8.0
Playoffs
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"| 2008†
| align="left" | Boston
| 17 || 0 || 8.1 || .412 || .000 || .611 || 1.5 || .4 || .3 || .2 || 2.3
|-
| align="left" | 2009
| align="left" | Boston
| 14 || 14 || 36.4 || .491 || .000 || .710 || 5.6 || 1.8 || 1.3 || .6 || 15.8
|-
| align="left" | 2010
| align="left" | Boston
| 24 || 1 || 20.1 || .476 || .000 || .722 || 4.5 || .4 || .8 || .4 || 7.3
|-
| align="left" | 2011
| align="left" | Boston
| 9 || 0 || 21.2 || .391 || .000 || .727 || 3.6 || .9 || .3 || .0 || 4.9
|-
| align="left" | 2012
| align="left" | Orlando
| 5 || 5 || 38.0 || .438 || .000 || .773 || 9.2 || .8 || .6 || 1.2 || 19.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 13 || 0 || 12.2 || .610 || .000 || .000 || 2.8 || .7 || .2 || .2 || 3.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2015
| style="text-align:left;"| L.A. Clippers
| 14 || 0 || 10.3 || .447 || .000 || .778 || 1.9 || .2 || .4 || .4 || 2.9
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | Career
| 96 || 20 || 18.9 || .472 || .000 || .716 || 3.7 || .7 || .6 || .4 || 6.9
References
External links
nba.com profile
LSU Tigers bio
1986 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Big3 players
Boston Celtics players
Centers (basketball)
Los Angeles Clippers players
Louisiana State University Laboratory School alumni
LSU Tigers men's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Orlando Magic players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Power forwards (basketball)
Seattle SuperSonics draft picks
St. John's Edge players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
American men's 3x3 basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Davis%20%28basketball%29 |
Szilágyi () is a Hungarian surname. It also refers to a county in the Kingdom of Hungary by the name of Szilágy. The region has been part of Romania since 1918.
Description
The actual name means either from the county of Szilágy or of the noble clan of Szilagyi. The original Hungarian spelling of the name is "Szilágyi"; it has been modified to "Silaghi" in its Romanian variation. The Hungarian letters "Sz" and "gy" are replaced by the similarly pronounced "S" and "g" respectively in the Romanian version of the name.
The Szilágyi clan exerted a strong influence over this region of Europe during the late to middle 14th century.
People with the surname
House of Szilágyi
Ágnes Szilágyi
Áron Szilágyi
Dezső Szilágyi
Erzsébet Szilágyi
Gábor Szilágyi
György Szilágyi
Ilona Szilágyi
István Szilágyi
János György Szilágyi
Katalin Szilágyi
László Szilágyi (judoka)
László Szilágyi (politician)
Liliána Szilágyi
Loránd Szilágyi
Michael Szilágyi
Péter Szilágyi (footballer)
Péter Szilágyi (politician, 1954)
Péter Szilágyi (politician, 1981)
Zoltán Szilágyi
Zoltán Szilágyi Varga
Zsolt Szilágyi (footballer)
Zsolt Szilágyi (politician)
Čaba Silađi
Michaela Szilágyiová
References
External links
http://www.surnameweb.org/Szilagyi/surnames.htm
Hungarian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szil%C3%A1gyi |
A Ngurungaeta is a Woiwurrung head man or tribal leader of clans of the Woiwurrung tribes and Taungurung Ngurai-illum Wurrung. Ngurungaeta held the same tribal standing as an Arweet of the Bunurong and Wathaurong people. The current Ngurungaeta is Murrundindi. The term became of particular importance as an identifier of senior men prepared to accept Anglo control in the latter part of the 19th century. It is unlikely that the term was used to express genuine recognition of senior members of traditional groups in the Melbourne area after the 1840s, following the death of Billibellary .
Identified later Ngurungaeta include:
Bebejan – said by some Europeans to have been a member of the group alleged to have signed the 1835 treaty with John Batman
Billibellary, (1799–1846) – said to have been a ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri-willam clan. An important Woiwurung man at the time of the Anglo invasion of Port Phillip.
Simon Wonga (1824–1874) – an adolescent at the time of the Anglo occupation of Melbourne. Son of Billibellary
William Barak (1824–1903) – last traditional ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri-willam clan
Robert Wandoon (1854–1908) – born at Coranderrk and said to have been anointed ngurungaeta, together with other men, by William Barak
James Wandin (1933–2006) – claimed by some family members to be a ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri
Murrundindi – appointed ngurungaeta at the funeral of James Wandin in 2006
References
Wurundjeri people
Tribal chiefs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngurungaeta |
The Flesh Eaters are an American punk rock band founded in 1977.
The Flesh Eaters or Flesh Eaters may refer to:
The Flesh Eaters (film), a 1964 horror film
Flesh Eaters (EP), a 1978 EP by The Flesh Eaters
See also
Flesheater, a 1988 horror film
Flesh-eating disease, or necrotizing fasciitis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Flesh%20Eaters%20%28disambiguation%29 |
A detention center, or detention centre, is any location used for detention. Specifically, it can mean:
A jail or prison, a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state as a form of punishment after being convicted of crimes
A structure for immigration detention
An internment camp
A youth detention center, a secure prison or jail for persons under the age of majority
Biology
Detention center (cell biology), a nucleolar detention center in cell biology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention%20center |
Hercules and the Amazon Women is the first television movie in the syndicated fantasy series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and marked the debut of Kevin Sorbo as the titular character Hercules and co-starred Anthony Quinn, Michael Hurst, Roma Downey and Lucy Lawless.
In the film, a village of only men comes to seek Hercules' aid in defeating a band of mysterious creatures on the eve of Iolaus' wedding. Hercules discovers these "creatures" are really the women of the village who have split with their misogynistic men and aligned themselves with Hera.
Plot
Three men are walking through the woods, they hear strange noises and catch glimpses of something moving in the undergrowth. Suddenly they are attacked by unseen creatures. Two men are killed, but one escapes and flees the woods.
Hercules strolls into a village after returning from one of his adventures, and is greeted by Iolaus. It is established that Iolaus is getting married and that Hercules is the best man. The two men set off for Alcmene's house. While walking through the woods, they reminisce that it has been a long time since they last saw each other. Iolaus tells Hercules about his bride-to-be, Ania. They stumble upon a little girl crying alone near an altar. She tells them that a monster killed her father while they were placing an offering to the goddess. Hercules tries to comfort the girl and asks if he can help, but the girl transforms into a monster. Hercules chops off its head, and thinking it is now dead, he and Iolaus begin walking away. They hear a noise and turn around to see that the monster is not dead, and has now grown two new heads in the place where the previous one was. The monster is a Hydra. Hercules tells Iolaus to grab the torch from the altar, Hercules cuts off the heads and burns the Hydra, preventing it from growing new heads, thus killing it. After the Hydra is destroyed a peacock feather remains in its place, and Hercules tells Iolaus that Hera is responsible for the Hydra.
Hercules and Iolaus finally reach his mother's house. Iolaus invites them both for dinner, then leaves. While the four are enjoying dinner, Ania glimpses a man outside the window and Hercules goes to investigate. It is the Gargarean Pithus, the man who escaped the creatures at the beginning of the film. He explains to Hercules about his village being attacked by creatures and Hercules agrees to help. Iolaus persuades Hercules to let him go along for one last adventure before he is married, Hercules reluctantly relents and says that he can come along. The three men set off for the village. When they arrive Hercules asks where all the women are, Pithus tells him that they were stolen by the creatures in the forest. Hercules and Iolaus head off to find the beasts and rescue the village's women. In the forest they are ambushed by the beasts, managing to stave off the attack for a time until Iolaus discovers that the beasts are really women. He chases after one but is fatally injured in the fight, and dies in Hercules' arms. Hercules is then surrounded by several of the 'beasts'. Two of them approach him with spears. One of the 'creatures' cries out and says "No stop!", and then raises her mask. It happens to be a woman, who then says "The queen will want to kill him". Hercules is in utter shock to discover the true nature of the 'beasts'.
Hercules is then seen being taken captive by the women, bound in chains and gagged with a black leather strap. He is surrounded by the "Amazon Women Warriors" and led through the village full of women. An older woman offers to buy Hercules and several taunt him along the way to see the queen. When he arrives Hippolyta tells him that she knows he is here to defeat them. Hercules tells her she is wrong. Using a magic candle, Hippolyta turns Hercules into a baby telling him she will show him what he is really like. As Hercules reverts to infant form we are shown flashbacks to Hercules's youth and times when he has been told by people how to behave toward women. Later he returns to adult state, realizing that Hippolyta is right and that his attitude toward women is wrong, he tells her that he can change. She says that he cannot change and that all men are the same. Hippolyta goes to consult with Hera, she tells Hippolyta to lead an attack on the village.
Hercules escapes from the Amazons and warns the men of the village of the forthcoming attack. He prepares them for when the women arrive. The women ride into the village and order the men to remove their clothes, telling them they are here for only one thing. The men tell the women to sit and talk with them for a while. Pithus's wife enters her home, and her son Franco asks if she really is his mother. He tells her he often dreams about her but she has no face, she removes her mask and shows her face to Franco. Hercules stands up to Hippolyta, who says she's not afraid of Hercules. He kisses her, she tells him she is not afraid and kisses him back. The two make love. The following day the women are still with the men. The Amazons return to their city and both men and women reminisce about the night before. Hera tells Hippolyta that Hercules has tricked her and orders her to attack the village again, this time killing all the men and boys. Hippolyta refuses but Hera possesses her. Hera, now in control of Hippolyta's actions, orders the women to attack the village.
Hercules stops Hippolyta and realizes that she is possessed by Hera. She rides off and Hercules goes after her. As they fight Hercules tries to get through to Hippolyta, telling her that she is stronger than Hera and to fight her control, but it proves futile.
Pithus then arrives to aid Hercules, preventing Hera from striking a killing blow to him. She grabs Pithus and holds a knife to his throat. Despite Hercules’s plea, Hera cuts Pithus’s throat, which ignites Hercules’s fury enough to best her.
Hercules is about to deal the fatal blow, but stops as he realises he would be killing Hippolyta, not Hera. Hercules flees, but Hera follows, goading him, and eventually cornering him at the top of a large waterfall. He tells Hera that if he or Hippolyta has to die then he will give up his life for her, saying he could not live his life without her. Upon hearing this Hera runs Hippolyta's body over the edge of the waterfall, killing her.
Hercules returns to the City of Amazons and retrieves the candle Hippolyta used to send him back to his childhood. Zeus appears and tells him the candle does not work in the way Hercules wants it to. Hercules replies that Zeus could make it work that way. Zeus tells Hercules that if he did that he would be in big trouble with Hera, but Hercules persuades him anyway. Zeus blows out the candle and Hercules is taken back to the night of the dinner. Ania sees Pithus outside the window and Hercules goes to tell him that the village does not need his help. He explains that all the men need to do is treat the women with respect and things will sort themselves out. Pithus returns to the village and when the women come the men sort out the problems that have been occurring. Alcmene asks Hercules if there is a woman out there who will make him happy like Ania did for Iolaus, and Hercules replies that he is sure there is as he thinks about Hippolyta.
Cast
Kevin Sorbo as Hercules
Anthony Quinn as Zeus
Roma Downey as Hippolyta
Michael Hurst as Iolaus
Lloyd Scott as Pithus
Lucy Lawless as Lysia
Christopher Brougham as Lethan
Jennifer Ludlam as Alcmene
Rose McIver as Girl (Hydra)
See also
List of films featuring Hercules
External links
Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
Films set in ancient Greece
New Zealand television films
Films about Heracles
Films directed by Bill L. Norton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules%20and%20the%20Amazon%20Women |
Gianni Giansanti (1956 – March 18, 2009) was a long-time photographer of Pope John Paul II. Giansanti also covers news in Guatemala, Lebanon, Senegal and Somalia. His reports were awarded the World Press in 1978, 1988 and 1991.
References
Italian photographers
1956 births
2009 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni%20Giansanti |
The first independent Ministry of Petroleum was established in March 1973, to manage the political role of petroleum resources before the war of 1973. In view of the strategic significance of the Ministry's existence as a political body that sets the general petroleum strategies on new bases to go in line with the requirements of the country at this stage. On top of its priority list, is to provide the local market needs of petroleum products, petrochemicals and mineral resources, and to contribute to achieving the targeted growth rates of the national economy.
Functions and duties
The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources sets up policies and strategies for the Petroleum Sector and its five entities for implementation.
The petroleum policy is based on increasing the reserves as well as production of crude oil and natural gas through intensifying the upstream activities.
Working on developing and building human cadres, capable of carrying out responsibilities, to be achieved within the comprehensive program, currently, being executed to develop and modernize the Petroleum Sector.
Working on transforming Egypt into a Regional Hub for Oil and Gas Trading.
The petroleum sector's vision
Achieve financial sustainability.
Become a leading regional Oil and Gas hub.
Be a role model for the future of modernized Egypt.
Take into consideration the Sector Core Values....
Core Values: safety, innovation, ethics, transparency and efficiency
Strategic objectives of the ministry of petroleum and mineral resources
Meeting the demands of the domestic market for petroleum and petrochemical products, mineral resources as well as achieving the target of the national economy growth rates.
Securing oil and natural gas supplies through expanding upstream activities, diversification of resources and working towards modifying the energy mix.
Achieving the optimum value-added of natural resources.
Advancing a national high efficiency manpower.
Maintaining environmental standards and sustainable development.
Transforming Egypt into a Regional Hub for Oil & Gas Trading.
Developing and modernizing the Petroleum Sector to meet the demands of the current era.
The ministry’s hierarchy
The petroleum sector in Egypt consists of 6 state-owned entities. These are: Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company(EGAS), Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company (ECHEM), Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE), and Egyptian General Authority for Mineral Resources.
Previous petroleum ministers
Sherif Ismail (July 2013 – September 2015)
Sherif Haddara (May 2013 – July 2013)
Osama Kamal (August 2012 – May 2013)
Abdullah Ghorab (March 2011 – August 2012)
Mahmoud Latif (February 2011 – March 2011)
Sameh Fahmi (October 1999 – February 2011)
Hamdi Al Banbi (May 1991 – October 1999)
Abdel Hadi Kandil (July 1984 – May 1991)
Ahmed Ezzettin Hilal (March 1973 – July 1984)
Ali Waly (May 1971 )
See also
Energy in Egypt
References
External links
Ministry of Petroleum Official website
The Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC)
The Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company
The Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company
Ganoub El-Wadi Petroleum Holding Company
Egypt's Cabinet Database
Petroleum
Fossil fuels in Egypt
Mining in Egypt
Petroleum politics
Egypt
1972 establishments in Egypt
Ministries established in 1972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Petroleum%20and%20Mineral%20Resources%20%28Egypt%29 |
State House (formerly Government House) located in Georgetown, is the official residence of the president of Guyana. It was previously the official residence of the governor of British Guiana before the colony gained independence and became Guyana.
The original structure was built in 1823 on a small piece of land belonging to the first Anglican Bishop to British Guiana, William Piercy Austin. It was then purchased by the British government in 1853, and described as "a two-storey timber structure with a double stairway facing Carmichael Street, which stood on two-metre (eight feet)-high brick pillars". Additional improvements were made to the building in the early 20th century, and the entrance was relocated to Main Street It was the residence of the Governor General and in 1970, the country's first president, Arthur Chung, resided there. Former presidents Forbes Burnham and Hugh Desmond Hoyte resided instead in Castellani House, which now houses the Guyana National Art Gallery. In 1992, Dr. Cheddi Jagan, after being elected president, moved into State House and since then it has served as the official residence of the President of Guyana.
This building is a collection of additions, but there are a few distinctive characteristics such as the Georgian six-paned windows and the Demerara windows. To its east is Promenade Gardens (across Carmichael Street). The building has been designated as one of Guyana's 9 national monuments.
A repainting of the State House in 2015 became highly politicized as the residing president, David A. Granger, changed the color from white to green. The decision was seen as infringing on the authority of the National Trust of Guyana, which was founded in 1972 to preserve places of historical interest.
See also
Governors General of British Guiana
Government Houses of the British Empire
References
British Guiana
Government buildings completed in 1853
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
National Monuments in Guyana
Official residences in Guyana
Presidential residences | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20House%2C%20Guyana |
Gothic Christianity refers to the Christian religion of the Goths and sometimes the Gepids, Vandals, and Burgundians, who may have used the translation of the Bible into the Gothic language and shared common doctrines and practices.
The Gothic tribes converted to Christianity sometime between 376 and 390 AD, around the time of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Gothic Christianity is the earliest instance of the Christianization of a Germanic people, completed more than a century before the baptism of Frankish king Clovis I.
The Gothic Christians were followers of Arianism. Many church members, from simple believers, priests, and monks to bishops, emperors, and members of Rome's imperial family followed this doctrine, as did two Roman emperors, Constantius II and Valens.
After their sack of Rome, the Visigoths moved on to occupy Spain and southern France. Having been driven out of France, the Spanish Goths formally embraced Nicene Christianity at the Third Council of Toledo in 589.
Origins
During the 3rd century, East Germanic people, moving in a southeasterly direction, migrated into the Dacians' territories previously under Sarmatian and Roman control, and the confluence of East Germanic, Sarmatian, Dacian and Roman cultures resulted in the emergence of a new Gothic identity. Part of this identity was adherence to Gothic paganism, the exact nature of which, however, remains uncertain. Jordanes' 6th century Getica claims the chief god of the Goths was Mars. Gothic paganism is a form of Germanic paganism.
Descriptions of Gothic and Vandal warfare appear in Roman records in Late Antiquity. At times these groups warred against or allied with the Roman Empire, the Huns, and various Germanic tribes. In 251 AD, the Gothic army raided the Roman provinces of Moesia and Thrace, defeated and killed the Roman emperor Decius, and took a number of predominantly female captives, many of which were Christian. This is assumed to represent the first lasting contact of the Goths with Christianity.
Conversion
The conversion of the Goths to Christianity was a relatively swift process, facilitated on the one hand by the assimilation of Christian captives into Gothic society, and on the other by a general equation of participation in Roman society with adherence to Christianity. The Homoians in the Danubian provinces played a major role in the conversion of the Goths to Arianism. Within a few generations of their appearance on the borders of the Empire in 238 AD, the conversion of the Goths to Christianity was nearly all-inclusive.
The Christian cross appeared on coins in Gothic Crimea shortly after the Edict of Tolerance was issued by Galerius in 311 AD, and a bishop by the name of Theophilas Gothiae was present at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. However, fighting between Pagan and Christian Goths continued throughout this period, and religious persecutions – echoing the Diocletianic Persecution (302–11 AD) – occurred frequently. The Christian Goths Wereka and Batwin and others were martyred by order of Wingurich ca. 370 AD, and Sabbas the Goth was martyred in c. 372 AD.
Even as late as 406, a Gothic king by the name of Radagaisus led a Pagan invasion of Italy with fierce anti-Christian views.
Bishop Ulfilas
The initial success experienced by the Goths encouraged them to engage in a series of raiding campaigns at the close of the 3rd century, many of which resulted in having numerous captives sent back to Gothic settlements north of the Danube and the Black Sea. Ulfilas, who became bishop of the Goths in 341 AD, was the grandson of one such female Christian captive from Sadagolthina in Cappadocia. He served in this position for the next seven years. In 348, one of the remaining Pagan Gothic kings (reikos) began persecuting the Christian Goths, and he and many other Christian Goths fled to Moesia Secunda in the Roman Empire. He continued to serve as bishop to the Christian Goths in Moesia until his death in 383 AD, according to Philostorgius.
Ulfilas was ordained by Eusebius of Nicomedia, the bishop of Constantinople, in 341 AD. Eusebius was a pupil of Lucian of Antioch and a leading figure of a faction of Christological thought that became known as Arianism, named after his friend and fellow student, Arius.
Between 348 and 383, Ulfilas likely presided over the translation of the Bible from Greek into the Gothic language, which was performed by a group of scholars. Thus, some Arian Christians in the west used vernacular languages – in this case Gothic – for services, as did many Nicaean Christians in the east. See also: Syriac versions of the Bible and the Coptic Bible), while Nicaean Christians in the west only used Latin, even in areas where Vulgar Latin was not the vernacular. Gothic probably persisted as a liturgical language of the Gothic-Arian church in some places even after its members had come to speak Vulgar Latin as their mother tongue.
Ulfilas' adopted son was Auxentius of Durostorum, and later of Milan.
Later Gothic Christianity
The Gothic churches had close ties to other Arian churches in the Western Roman Empire.
After 493, the Ostrogothic Kingdom included two areas, Italy and much of the Balkans, which had large Arian churches. Arianism had retained some presence among Romans in Italy during the time between its condemnation in the empire and the Ostrogothic conquest. However, since Arianism in Italy was reinforced by the (mostly Arian) Goths coming from the Balkans, the Arian church in Italy had eventually come to call itself "Church of the Goths" by the year 500.
References
Arianism
Goths
Germanic Christianity
Christian denominations established in the 3rd century
3rd-century Christianity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic%20Christianity |
Ilya Valeryevich Yashin (; born 29 June 1983) is a Russian opposition politician who led the PARNAS party from 2012 to 2016, and then its Moscow branch. He was also head of the Moscow municipal district of Krasnoselsky and former chairman of the Council of Deputies of the Krasnoselsky district from 2017 to 2021.
Yashin co-founded the civic youth movement Oborona in 2005 and later the political movement Solidarnost in 2008, of which he is still one of the leaders. He was an active participant in the Dissenters' March and the 2011–2013 Russian protests. In 2012, he was elected to the Russian Opposition Coordination Council. Amidst an increase in government crackdowns on the opposition following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, some considered Yashin to have had the largest platform of any opposition politician that had not either left the country, been imprisoned, or been killed. In June 2022, he was arrested, and later accused under the new war censorship laws of disseminating fake news about the Armed Forces. In December 2022, he was sentenced to eight-and-a-half years in prison.
Biography
Early life and education
Ilya Yashin was born in a Russian family in Moscow on 29 July 1983. He graduated from International Independent University of Environmental and Political Sciences, the Faculty of Political Science, in 2005.
Political career
He served as the leader of the Yabloko party's youth wing since 2001 until 2008, organizing mass protests and speaking to the media about their causes. However, when he became an active member of Solidarnost in 2008, Yabloko expelled him for "causing political damage".
Yashin was running for Moscow parliament in 2005.
Yashin is known for making passionate speeches at opposition rallies. He is an active participant in the Strategy-31 campaign for freedom of assembly. In 2005, he spoke against the Nashi movement, which supports President Vladimir Putin.
On 31 December 2010, Yashin was arrested for demonstrating in Moscow at another rally for Strategy-31. He was taken to a police station and detained for fifteen days. He claims evidence was then fabricated against him by the police. Amnesty International declared him a prisoner of conscience, along with Boris Nemtsov and Konstantin Kosiakin.
Following the alleged kidnapping and torture of opposition activist Leonid Razvozzhayev, from Kyiv, Ukraine, Yashin was arrested on 27 October 2012 along with Sergei Udaltsov and Alexei Navalny while attempting to join a Moscow protest on Razvozzhayev's behalf. The three were charged with violating public order, for which they could be fined up to 30,000 rubles (US$1,000) or given 50 hours of community service.
On 23 February 2016 Yashin, despite harassment by police and hecklers, presented a report criticizing Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov, labeling him a danger to Russian national security and called for his resignation. The report highlighted Kadyrov's encouragement of violence against opposition activists and federal law enforcement officials, his luxurious lifestyle and corruption, and the building of a personal army.
Moscow municipal deputy
On 10 September 2017 Yashin was elected a municipal deputy of the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow. The Solidarnost team won 7 out of 10 seats in this district (the United Russia won the other 3). On 25 September 2017 he took the office. On 7 October 2017 Ilya Yashin was elected a chairman of the council of deputies of Krasnoselsky municipal district of Moscow.
On 11 April 2018 Yashin announced his intention to run in the election for Moscow mayor's office and beat the incumbent Sergey Sobyanin.
On 25 June 2021, he was barred from running in the upcoming legislative election after being considered an "extremist". He reported that he considered it was due to his support for Alexei Navalny.
In March 2022, Yashin publicly condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Arrest and imprisonment
On 4 March 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed into law a bill introducing prison sentences of up to 15 years for those who publish "knowingly false information" about the Russian armed forces and their operations.
On 27 June 2022, Ilya Yashin was detained in Moscow by local police. On 28 June, Yashin was sentenced to 15 days in detention for disobeying a police officer. Yashin called the case politically motivated and intended to suppress his political stance towards the war in Ukraine.
On 12 July, Yashin was accused by the Investigative Committee of Russia of discrediting the Russian Armed Forces and his home was searched. On 13 July, a court ordered his pretrial detention; Yashin was tried over a YouTube video released in April 2022 in which he discussed the discovery of murdered Ukrainian civilians in the suburban town of Bucha, near Kyiv. State prosecutor requested nine years in prison for Yashin. Amnesty International and other organisations called on the government to release him immediately, regarding his case as part of repressions on war critics.
On 9 December, a Moscow court sentenced Yashin to eight years and six months imprisonment for his statements about the circumstances of the killings in Bucha on charges of "spreading false information" about the armed forces. His punishment was the harshest given under the new laws which criminalize spreading "false" information about the armed forces. In his closing remarks to the court ahead of the verdict, Yashin said: "As if they will sew my mouth shut and I would be forbidden to speak forever. Everyone understands that this is the point. I am isolated from society because they want me to be silent. I promise as long as I’m alive I’ll never will be. My mission is to tell the truth. I will not give up the truth even behind bars. After all, quoting the classic: 'Lie is the religion of slaves.'"
Yashin said about Russian President Vladimir Putin that "Strong leaders are calm and self-confident, and only weaklings seek to shut everyone up, burn out any dissent." Before his sentencing, he urged Putin to "immediately stop this madness, recognise that the policy on Ukraine was wrong, pull back troops from its territory and switch to a diplomatic settlement of the conflict". He further said addressing Putin: "You have brought terrible misfortune to the Ukrainian people, who will probably never forgive us."
In his closing speech, he said that "it is better to spend 10 years behind bars as an honest man than silently burning with shame for the blood that your government sheds."
On 19 April 2023, Yashin lost his appeal to his eight-and-a-half years sentence at the Moscow City Court. In his speech before the court, Yashin called Putin a wanted war criminal and said that Putin's war censorship laws violate the 1993 Russian Constitution, which expressly prohibits censorship.
Electoral history
See also
Putin. War
Russian 2022 war censorship laws
References
Literature
Mickiewicz E. No Illusions: The Voices of Russia's Future Leaders. — Oxford University Press, 2014. — P. 198. — 288 p. — . — .
Putin's Opponents: Enemies of the People / The Associated Press. — Mango Media, 2015. — 198 p. — . — .
Bennetts M. I'm Going to Ruin Their Lives: Inside Putin's War on Russia's Opposition. — Oneworld Publications, 2016. — P. 99—101, 105, 149. — 320 p. — . — .
Lyytikainen L. Performing Political Opposition in Russia: The Case of the Youth Group Oborona. — Routledge, 2016. — 202 p. — (The Mobilization Series on Social Movements, Protest, and Culture). — . — .
External links
Yashin's blog
Yashin's page on the Solidarity website
Yashin's page on the Yabloko website
1983 births
Living people
Politicians from Moscow
People's Freedom Party politicians
Solidarnost politicians
21st-century Russian politicians
Yabloko politicians
2011–2013 Russian protests
Russian dissidents
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Russia
European Court of Human Rights cases involving Russia
Russian prisoners and detainees
Russian YouTubers
Russian activists against the Russian invasion of Ukraine
People listed in Russia as foreign agents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya%20Yashin |
Hercules and the Lost Kingdom is the second television movie in the syndicated fantasy series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.
In the film, Hercules comes to the aid of a young woman who is seeking the lost city of Troy. Eventually, Hercules leads her to a camp of refugees from the city, which has been taken over by Hera's Blue Priests. Hercules helps the refugees take back the city.
Plot
Three foot messengers are running along the riverside, one of them stops to take a drink from the river. As he stoops down to quench his thirst, a female figure composed of water rises out of the river and pulls him under, drowning him. While the other two men run on, one man is hit by a boulder and killed, and the remaining man escapes.
Elsewhere, a young woman is collecting flowers when the ground begins to shake. She flees back to the village to warn them that a giant is coming. The giant follows the woman to the village and rips the roof of the tavern. Hercules presents himself to the giant and the giant challenges Hercules to a fight. Hercules goes outside and he beats the giant. As the village celebrates the giant's defeat, the exhausted messenger from earlier in the film arrives in the village, and asks for Hercules' help. He explains to Hercules that his people have been driven from their city, the lost city of Troy.
Zeus appears and Hercules asks him if he will help him. He asks his father how to find Troy and is told that Hera vanished it, and to find it Hercules must find the one true compass which will point the way to Troy. Hercules heads off to find the compass, he finds a tribe of men preparing to sacrifice a young virgin woman to their water god. Hercules saves the girl from being sacrificed, while unknowingly being watched by a mysterious robed figure. The woman tells Hercules that her name is Deianeira. Later in the evening as they camp for the night, Deianeira tells him a story that she is the daughter of a King. She sees the dark figure and asks who he is and why she is being followed, but the figure does not answer. Later Hercules and Deianeira arrive at the slave market looking for Queen Omphale of Lydia, the last person to have possessed the compass. In order to get to see the Queen, Hercules sells himself as a slave, and the Queen buys him. After spending the night with the Queen Hercules gets the compass, and he and Deianeira continue searching for Troy. Deianeira gets attacked by some men, but the figure in the dark robe saves her and tells her to follow her destiny.
Hercules and Deianeira head on to Troy, they arrive at the ocean and the figure standing on the cliffs summons a sea serpent to do Hera's bidding. It swallows Hercules and Deianeira, but Hercules kills the monster from inside and they are washed up on the shore. Deianeira sees Troy in the distance and tells Hercules that she now remembers this is where she is from. Deianeira and Hercules get caught in a trap and taken to the king. The king is ill and he and his daughter are reunited. He tells Deianeira that the Cult of the Blue Priests have taken over the city and the people have taken refuge in the woods. He tells her to rule them well, and then dies.
Hercules tutors the people of Troy and prepares them to battle to take back Troy. Deianeira realizes that the people cannot beat the Cult of the Blue Priests and goes looking for the Blue Priest. The people notice that Deianeira is missing and Hercules and the people use a tunnel to get into the city. As the people fight the cult members Hercules goes looking for Deianeira, he finds her about to be sacrificed to Hera and saves her. The Blue Priest and Hercules fight and Hercules cuts off the Priest's head. A huge storm approaches, and Zeus tells Hercules that Hera is coming for Deianeira, Hercules saves her and Hera takes Hercules instead. As Deianeira is crowned Queen of Troy, Hercules is thrown down from the sky elsewhere. A man approaches him asking him for help, Hercules agrees and the two men walk off to the next adventure.
Cast
Kevin Sorbo as Hercules
Renee O'Connor as Deianeira
Anthony Quinn as Zeus
Robert Trebor as Waylin
Eric Close as Telamon
Elizabeth Hawthorne as Queen Omphale
Nathaniel Lees as Blue Priest
Onno Boelee as Gargan the Giant
Production
Casting
Waylin (Robert Trebor) was originally intended to become a recurring character in the television series, but the producers felt that the character runs its course in the movie and had limited potential after, so the character of money-making Salmoneus was created for Trebor instead.
This is Renee O'Connor's first appearance in the shared Hercules-Xena universe
Elizabeth Hawthorne, who played Queen Omphale, went on to play Hercules' mother in the TV series.
Nathaniel Lees went on to have numerous different roles in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Xena: Warrior Princess and Young Hercules.
Characters
The "Deianeira" character (played by Renee O'Connor) is not the same character as Hercules' future wife Deianeira (portrayed by Tawny Kitaen) in the succeeding movies/series, also in the mythology the real name of Trojan King Laomedon's daughter is Hesione.
See also
List of films featuring Hercules
External links
1994 films
Films directed by Harley Cokeliss
Films set in ancient Greece
Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
New Zealand television films
Films about Heracles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules%20and%20the%20Lost%20Kingdom |
AMD-65 (Hungarian: Automata Módosított Deszantfegyver 1965; Automatic Modified Paratrooper Weapon 1965) is a Hungarian-manufactured licensed variant of the venerable selective fire AKM rifle for use by that nation's armored infantry and paratrooper ("descent") units within the Hungarian Defence Forces. The rifle's design is suited for outdoor use as an infantry rifle but can also be used from within the confines of an armored vehicle as a fire support weapon. This is possible due to the side-folding stock of shaft design that makes it more compact. The 12.6-inch barrel is also relatively short for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. The operating mechanism doesn't require a gas expansion chamber at the muzzle, as in the AKS-74U to ensure reliable functioning, but does use a specially designed muzzle brake.
The AMD-65, along with the earlier AKM-63, have been largely replaced in Hungarian military service by the AK-63, a more traditional AKM copy with a lower manufacturing cost.
Features
Compared to the birch plywood laminates that are used on the AKM's buttstock, lower and upper handguard, no wood is used in the manufacture of the AMD-65. The front handguard area is made of perforated sheet metal and typically has a gray plastic vertical foregrip attached to assist in controlling fully automatic fire from this short weapon. In addition, the vertical foregrip has been canted forward to lessen interference with magazine changes. The vertical foregrip is physically identical to the rear grip, with the former mounted backwards with respect to the rear. There are, however, wooden grips available which can serve in place of the common gray plastic version. While these wooden grips are also authentic, in the regular Hungarian army and air force, use of wooden grips is extremely rare.
In Hungarian service, the weapon is mainly used with magazines which can hold 30 rounds (standard magazine) but a special variant (popularly known in the past as "officer's magazine") is also available, which can only hold 20 rounds – an unusual feature in many other countries, who more often use the standard 30-round or 40-round magazines. The weapon is better suited to a 20-round magazine, as it can be locked into the receiver without interfering with the forward handgrip and it is easier to handle the weapon in tight quarters. The 30-round magazine does fit with some slight interference and it can be also fitted with the 40-round magazine.
In theory, the short barrel is stiffer and more inherently accurate, but the poor quality of commonly available ammunition negates this advantage.
AKM-63
Another Hungarian AKM variant was used as Hungary's standard service rifle before being replaced by the AK-63. It is a standard-length AKM variant, with a standard buttstock and full-length barrel. The front sight is in the standard location. However, the front and rear pistol grips and sheet metal handguard are similar to those of the AMD-65.
Modernisation - AMD-65M
During the late 2000s, a modernization program started for the AK-63.
The modernisation included Picatinny rails, new handgrips, underbarrel grenade launcher, new sights, and flashlights.
CAA CBS+ACP telescopic stock
Brügger & Thomet BT-21428 gas block
Side mount (unknown type)
Heckler & Koch M320 Grenade Launcher Module
Aimpoint CompM2 sight (B&T BT-21741 QD ring 30 mm ultrahigh heavy type)
Aimpont 3×Mag sight (B&T BT-211115 Flip-side QD base mount, B&T BT-211113 Flip-side QD ring)
Insight Technology AN/PEQ-2 Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light (TPIAL) laser sight
CAA BP Grip with bipod
CAA AG47 handgrip
Users
: Used by Cuban forces in Angola, stocks captured and reused by UNITA.
: Used by the Afghan National Police.
: 1186 rifles were delivered in 2008
: Used by several factions during the Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990.
: Used by Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie.
: Used by FRELIMO and RENAMO forces during the civil war, 1975-1991
: Used by National Border Service (SENAFRONT), National Aeronaval Service (SENAN) and Institutional Protection Service (SPI).
:Used by South African Special Forces of 5 Reconnaissance Commando during the South African Border War and Angolan Civil War.
: Sudan People's Liberation Army
: Used by American special forces such as the Army Green Berets in Vietnam and Afghanistan.
: Used during Vietnam War.
Non-state actors
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Former users
Availability in the United States
Many AMD-65s were exported to the United States and sold in kit form following the destruction of the receiver, which legally rendered the weapon to the status of a non-firearm. In order to be legally reassembled, the parts must be rebuilt on a US-made receiver which lacks the provisions for certain parts which would make it capable of automatic fire. In its original short-barreled form the completed weapon is regulated as a "short-barreled rifle" (SBR) under the National Firearms Act in the United States. The addition of a permanently attached barrel extension of the correct length will render the firearm legal for general use, subject to additional stipulations. These include a certain number of US-made parts in the finished rifle. This count is required in order to comply with U.S.C. 922 (r); a statute which regulates imported rifles with certain features that the BATFE defines as not being suitable for sporting purposes. Some individuals choose to build AMD-65s without a buttstock, thus legally classifying the resulting new firearm as a "pistol" and eliminating the need for a muzzle extension (as well as the parts for 922r compliance). However, this route requires the removal of the forward grip, unless the gun is registered under the NFA as an "AOW" (any other weapon) or has an overall length greater than .
In summary, the semi-automatic version of the AMD-65, when re-manufactured as detailed above, is now legal for civilian use in most states.
Use by foreign military and private security companies
The AMD-65 has been exported to the West Bank and Gaza, as well as in Afghanistan. An increasing number of western security forces, including contract employees of the former private military company Blackwater Worldwide (now known as "Academi") who are serving in the latter two countries, use highly modified AMD-65s rather than conventional 5.56mm based carbines and rifles. As the combination of a larger caliber and shorter size provides better penetration during CQC/CQB siutations.
The metal front handguard lends itself well to a relatively easy refit with multiple picatinny rails/MIL-STD-1913 rails, allowing red-dot optics, tactical lights and other accessories to be easily attached then used. The wire buttstock rod can be reshaped to load 75-round RPK drum magazines with ease even with the stock folded, and the weapon's internal mechanism can be tuned with aftermarket recoil dampers for smoother behaviour in full-auto mode.
Gallery
See also
AK-63
AMP-69
IMI Galil
List of assault rifles
References
External links
The AK site
Small Arms of the World, 1983
Description, photos
True history of AMD-65 from the Hungarian AK site
7.62×39mm assault rifles
Rifles of the Cold War
Hungary–Soviet Union relations
Infantry weapons of the Cold War
Kalashnikov derivatives
Assault rifles of Hungary
Fegyver- és Gépgyár firearms
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD-65 |
Love Ulster was a campaign conducted in Northern Ireland in 2005–08. Acting on the behalf of unionist victims of the Troubles, it was organised by the County Armagh Protestant group Families Acting for Innocent Relatives (FAIR), led by Willie Frazer.
History
Love Ulster's first public manifestation was in August 2005, when its members symbolically reenacted the Ulster Volunteer Force's Larne Gun Running of 1914. Love Ulster members brought 200,000 copies of a special edition of the Shankill Mirror newspaper into the port of Larne, bearing the banner headline, "Ulster At Crisis Point", reflecting the group's views that Northern Ireland was then about to be "sold out" into a United Ireland.
On 25 February 2006, a planned Love Ulster march in Dublin was prevented from taking place due to protests culminating in rioting. A second Love Ulster rally in Dublin was discussed as a possibility for the latter part of 2007 and approved by the Garda Síochána. However, it was cancelled following discussions between Frazer and the Irish foreign minister Dermot Ahern.
References
External links
Families Acting for Innocent Relatives
Shankill Mirror
Political organisations based in Northern Ireland
The Troubles (Northern Ireland) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20Ulster |
Pelham Bay may refer to the following in the Bronx, New York City, within the U.S. state of New York:
Pelham Bay, a body of water
Pelham Bay (neighborhood), Bronx
Pelham Bay Park, a park
Pelham Bay Park (IRT Pelham Line), a subway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelham%20Bay%20%28disambiguation%29 |
is a multinational Japanese chemical company. Its main products are chemicals and materials science.
It was founded in May 1931, using the paid in capital of Nobeoka Ammonia Fiber Co., Ltd, a Nobeoka, Miyazaki based producer of ammonia, nitric acid, and other chemicals. Now headquartered in Tokyo, with offices and plants across Japan, as well as China, Singapore, Thailand, U.S.A. and Germany.
The company is listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX 100 and Nikkei 225 stock market indices.
History
The company Asahi Kasei began in the year 1931 with the production of chemicals that included ammonia and nitric acids. In 1949, exchanges between stocks started up between Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. Asahi Kasei entered into a joint petrochemical venture with Dow Chemical. A production of Polystyrene and Saran Wrap began in 1952. Diversification into acrylonitrile, construction materials, petrochemicals, glass fabrics, ethylene, housing, medical devices, electronics, engineered resins, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and liquors began in the 1960s and 1990s. Net sales exceeded $10 billion globally in the years 2000–2003. Finally, in the years 2008–2009, there was further diversification into medical devices. In 2018, Asahi Kasei acquired Sage Automotive Interiors.
Statistics
The company makes about 18 billion dollars globally in annual net sales. Their core operating segments include:
Chemicals (43.4%)
Homes (27.2%)
Healthcare (7.95%)
Fibers (7%)
Electronics (10%)
Construction materials (3.3%)
Services, engineering, and others (1.2%)
Locations
As of March 2022, Asahi Kasei currently employs 46,751 people and have a total of 54 manufacturing facilities found in different areas all over the world. Some of these places include North America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia, and Japan.
Their operations in North America are located in Alabama, California, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Mexico. In Europe it has sites in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom. The sites in Japan are located in Tokyo, Kawasaki, Nobeoka, and Mizushima. The sites in South and East Asia operate in India, Suzhou, Shanghai, Thailand, and Singapore.
Business segments and products
The main operations of the company are divided into the following four business sectors:
Chemicals & fibers
Chemicals
Polymer products
Specialty chemicals
Fibers
Homes & construction materials
Foundation systems
Insulation materials
AAC-related products
Structural materials
Order-built homes
Real estate–related operations
Building remodeling
Electronics
LSIs
Hall effect elements, magnetometers and Hall ICs
Clean energy materials
Optical and printing materials
Electronic materials
Health care
Blood transfusion devices
Blood purification devices
Bioprocess products: leukocyte reduction filters, virus removal filters
Orthopedics and urology pharmaceuticals
Critical care devices: defibrillators, wearable defibrillators, automated CPR systems, temperature management systems, data solutions
Diagnostic reagents
Nutritional products
References
External links
Asahi Kasei Corporation Website
Wiki collection of bibliographic works on Asahi Kasei
Chemical companies based in Tokyo
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Chemical companies established in 1931
Conglomerate companies of Japan
Defense companies of Japan
Mizuho Financial Group
Conglomerate companies established in 1931
Japanese companies established in 1931
Japanese brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahi%20Kasei |
The Las Lomitas Elementary School District is a public school district in the San Francisco Bay Area, primarily serving parts of the communities of Menlo Park, Atherton and Ladera, with its headquarters in Menlo Park. Under the current arrangement, all students in the district attend Las Lomitas Elementary School starting before Kindergarten through 3rd grade, and attend La Entrada Middle School for 4th through 8th grade. Students from this school district who continue on with public schooling matriculate to the Sequoia Union High School District, most attending Menlo-Atherton High School, though some students opt to attend Woodside High School, which is closer to home for some students. Several LLESD schools have won the prestigious Blue Ribbon Award.
The district also owns the former La Loma School campus adjacent to La Entrada, currently rented to Phillips Brooks Academy, and the former Ladera School campus, currently rented to Woodland School, both private schools.
District History
The district was formed in 1904, after the nearby Searsville school on Sand Hill Road closed in 1894. The first year of school was in session from October 3, 1904 to June 16, 1905, with average attendance of 21 students, and total budget of $1,735. The following school year stated June 30th, after only a two week summer break. Various discussions were held in the 1960s and 1970s about merging the district with nearby Menlo Park, but these were never finalized. Business services were shared with the Menlo Park City School District from 1978 to 2004.
District Name
Los Lomitas means little hills in Spanish, and refers to the small hills through the district.
Schools
Elementary School
Las Lomitas Elementary (K-3) - 485 students
Middle School
La Entrada (4-8) - 745 students
References
External links
Las Lomitas Education Foundation website
School districts in San Mateo County, California
Menlo Park, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20Lomitas%20Elementary%20School%20District |
The High Window is a 1942 novel written by Raymond Chandler. It is his third novel featuring the Los Angeles private detective Philip Marlowe.
Plot
Private investigator Philip Marlowe is hired by wealthy widow Elizabeth Bright Murdock to recover a missing Brasher Doubloon, a rare and valuable coin. Mrs. Murdock suspects it was stolen by her son's estranged wife, Linda Conquest, a former singer. Returning to his office, Marlowe is followed by a blond man in a coupe. Mrs. Murdock's son Leslie Murdock visits Marlowe and tries to learn why his mother hired him. Murdock reveals that he owes nightclub owner Alex Morny a large sum of money. Marlowe learns that Linda Conquest had two friends: Lois Magic and a Mr. Vannier; Magic is now married to Morny. Marlowe visits Mrs. Morny at home and finds her with Vannier, who acts suspiciously. Marlowe is again tailed by the blond in the coupe and confronts him. He is George Anson Phillips, an amateurish private detective, who wants to enlist Marlowe's help on a case he cannot handle. Marlowe agrees to meet him at his apartment later.
Marlowe visits a rare coin dealer, Mr. Morningstar, who confirms that someone tried to sell him a Brasher Doubloon. Marlowe agrees to buy it back the next day, and after leaving overhears the dealer trying to call Phillips. Marlowe keeps his appointment with Phillips but finds him dead. Police arrest the drunk next door for the murder and give Marlowe an ultimatum to reveal all he knows.
Marlowe receives an unaddressed package containing the coin. He calls Mrs. Murdock but she claims the coin has already been returned to her. Marlowe returns to the coin dealer and finds him dead. Alex Morny's henchman invites Marlowe to visit Morny at his nightclub, where Linda Conquest is singing. Morny demands to know why Marlowe visited his wife, but eventually realizes he is not Marlowe's quarry. Morny offers to hire Marlowe to investigate Vannier, giving him a suspicious receipt for dentistry chemicals that Vannier lost. Marlowe also talks to Linda and decides she is probably not involved in the theft.
Returning to the Murdocks, Marlowe is told a story he doesn’t believe: Leslie Murdock gave the coin to Morny to secure his debts, then changed his mind and retrieved it. Marlowe leaves, beginning to suspect a dark secret involving Merle, the timid family secretary, and Mrs. Murdock's first husband, Horace Bright, who died falling out of a window. The police say the drunk has confessed to the murder of Phillips, but Marlowe discovers he is covering for his landlord and is unlikely to be the real murderer.
Merle arrives at Marlowe's apartment having a nervous breakdown. She claims to have shot Vannier, although her story doesn’t make sense. Marlowe visits Vannier's home, finds him dead, and discovers a photo of a man falling from a window with a woman behind him. Morny and Magic arrive, and Marlowe hides while Morny tricks his wife into leaving her fingerprints on the gun near the body to incriminate her. After they leave Marlowe puts the dead man's prints on the gun instead.
Marlowe visits Mrs. Murdock and tells her he has figured out that Horace Bright once tried to force himself on Merle, and she either pushed him or allowed him to fall out of a window to his death. Vannier knew and was blackmailing the family. Mrs. Murdock says Marlowe is right and that she regrets ever hiring him. Marlowe confronts Leslie Murdock, revealing that he knew Murdock and Vannier had a plot to duplicate the coin using dental technology. They had Lois Magic hire Phillips to sell the fakes, but Phillips was frightened by the assignment and mailed the coin to Marlowe. Vannier killed Phillips and the coin dealer to cover his tracks. Leslie killed Vannier because he threatened to ruin Leslie if their scheme ever got out. Leslie confirms the plot, but Marlowe declines to turn him in. The police discover Vannier's role in the counterfeiting and the murders of Phillips and the coin dealer, but they rule his death a suicide.
Marlowe shows Merle the photograph of Horace Bright being pushed out the window, which shows it was actually Mrs. Murdock who killed her husband and then blamed Merle for it. Marlowe drives her cross country, to the home of her parents, safely away from Mrs. Murdock. He watches her and her family as he drives away and says, "I had a funny feeling as I saw the house disappear, as though I had written a poem and it was very good and I had lost it and would never remember it again".
Themes
One of the themes of Chandler's novels that differentiate Philip Marlowe from his hardboiled colleagues is that in spite of his cynicism, Marlowe exhibits the idealism of a Romantic hero. Nowhere is this more evident than in The High Window, in which Marlowe rescues a damsel in distress in the form of Merle. Chandler hints at the theme of Marlowe as a romantic knight in the language he uses in the novel to describe Marlowe, such as "shop-soiled Sir Galahad".
Chandler often wrote about corruption in high places. The "Cassidy Case", which Marlowe relates to Breeze in chapter 15, is actually a retelling of the real-life murder in Los Angeles of Ned Doheny, son of oil tycoon Edward Doheny.
Adaptations
Film
Two film adaptations of the novel have been made:
Time to Kill (1942), re-written to feature the series character Michael Shayne (played by Lloyd Nolan) directed by Herbert I. Leeds
The Brasher Doubloon (1947), directed by John Brahm and starring George Montgomery as Marlowe
Radio
Two radio adaptations of the novel have been made, as well:
17 October 1977 on BBC Radio 4, adapted by Bill Morrison, directed by John Tydeman, and starring Ed Bishop as Marlowe
8 October 2011, also on BBC Radio 4, dramatized by Robin Brooks, directed by Sasha Yevtushenko, and starring Toby Stephens; it is available on CD
References
External links
Novels by Raymond Chandler
1942 American novels
American detective novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
Novels set in Los Angeles
Hardboiled crime novels
American novels adapted into films
British novels adapted into films
1942 British novels
Philip Marlowe novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20High%20Window |
Horopito may refer to:
Horopito, the name of two plant species in the genus Pseudowintera in the Māori language
Horopito, New Zealand, a location in the North Island of New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horopito |
Intrinsic safety (IS) is a protection technique for safe operation of electrical equipment in hazardous areas by limiting the energy, electrical and thermal, available for ignition. In signal and control circuits that can operate with low currents and voltages, the intrinsic safety approach simplifies circuits and reduces installation cost over other protection methods. Areas with dangerous concentrations of flammable gases or dust are found in applications such as petrochemical refineries and mines. As a discipline, it is an application of inherent safety in instrumentation. High-power circuits such as electric motors or lighting cannot use intrinsic safety methods for protection.
Intrinsic safety devices, can be sub-dividend in to:
Intrinsically safe apparatus
Associated apparatus
Intrinsically safe apparatus
Intrinsically safe apparatus, is a electrical devices that have connected circuits that are intrinsically safe circuits whilst in the hazardous area.
Associated apparatus
Associated apparatus are electrical devices that have both intrinsically safe and non-intrinsically safe circuits and is designed in a way that the non-intrinsically safe circuits cannot negatively affect the intrinsically safe circuits. The apparatus is normally
Intrinsically safe circuit
An intrinsically safe circuit is designed to not be capable of causing ignition of a given explosive atmosphere, by any spark or any thermal effect. under normal operation and specified fault conditions.
Operating and design principles
In normal use, electrical equipment often creates tiny electric arcs (internal sparks) in switches, motor brushes, connectors, and in other places. Compact electrical equipment generates heat as well, which under some circumstances can become an ignition source.
There are multiple ways to make equipment safe for use in explosive-hazardous areas. Intrinsic safety (denoted by "i" in the ATEX and IECEx Explosion Classifications) is one of several available methods for electrical equipment. see Types of protection for more info.
For handheld electronics, intrinsic safety is the only realistic method that allows a functional device to be explosion protected. A device which is termed "intrinsically safe" has been designed to be incapable of producing heat or spark sufficient to ignite an explosive atmosphere, even if the device has experienced deterioration or has been damaged.
There are several considerations in designing intrinsically safe electronics devices:
reducing or eliminating internal sparking.
controlling component temperatures.
eliminating component spacing that would allow dust to short a circuit.
Elimination of spark potential within components is accomplished by limiting the available energy in any given circuit and the system as a whole.
Temperature, under certain fault conditions such as an internal short in a semiconductor device, becomes an issue as the temperature of a component can rise to a level that can ignite some explosive gasses, even in normal use.
Safeguards, such as current limiting by resistors and fuses, must be employed to ensure that in no circumstance can a component reach a temperature that could cause autoignition of a combustible atmosphere. In the highly compact electronic devices used today PCBs often have component spacing that create the possibility of an arc between components if dust or other particulate matter works into the circuitry, thus component spacing, siting and isolation become important to the design.
The primary concept behind intrinsic safety is the restriction of available electrical and thermal energy in the system so that ignition of a hazardous atmosphere (explosive gas or dust) cannot occur. This is achieved by ensuring that only low voltages and currents enter the hazardous area, and that no significant energy storage is possible.
One of the most common methods for protection is to limit electric current by using series resistors (using types of resistors that always fail open); and limit the voltage with multiple zener diodes. In zener barriers dangerous incoming potentials are grounded, with galvanic isolation barriers there is no direct connection between the safe- and hazardous-area circuits by interposing a layer of insulation between the two. Certification standards for intrinsic safety designs (mainly IEC 60079-11 but since 2015 also IEC TS 60079-39) generally require that the barrier do not exceed approved levels of voltage and current with specified damage to limiting components.
Equipment or instrumentation for use in a hazardous area will be designed to operate with low voltage and current, and will be designed without any large capacitors or inductors that could discharge in a spark. The instrument will be connected, using approved wiring methods, back to a control panel in a non-hazardous area that contains safety barriers. The safety barriers ensure that, in normal operation, and with the application of faults according to the Equipment Protection Level, EPL, also if accidental contact occurs between the instrument circuit and other power sources, no more than the approved voltage and current enters the hazardous area.
For example, during marine transfer operations when flammable products are transferred between the marine terminal and tanker ships or barges, two-way radio communication needs to be constantly maintained in case the transfer needs to stop for unforeseen reasons such as a spill. The United States Coast Guard requires that the two way radio must be certified as intrinsically safe.
Another example is intrinsically safe or explosion-proof mobile phones used in explosive atmospheres, such as refineries. Intrinsically safe mobile phones must meet special battery design criteria in order to achieve UL, ATEX directive, or IECEx certification for use in explosive atmospheres.
Only properly designed battery-operated, self-contained devices can be intrinsically safe by themselves. Other field devices and wiring are intrinsically safe only when employed in a properly designed IS system. Requirements for intrinsically safe electrical systems are given in the IEC 60079 series of standards.
Certifying agencies
Standards for intrinsic protection are mainly developed by IEC,International Electrotechnical Commission but different agencies also develop standards for intrinsic safety. Agencies may be run by governments or may be composed of members from insurance companies, manufacturers, and industries with an interest in safety standards. Certifying agencies allow manufacturers to affix a label or mark to identify that the equipment has been designed to the relevant product safety standards. Examples of such agencies in North America are the Factory Mutual Research Corporation, which certifies radios, Underwriters Laboratories (UL) that certifies mobile phones, and in Canada the Canadian Standards Association. In the EU the standard for intrinsic safety certification is the CENELEC standard EN 60079-11 and shall be certified according to the ATEX directive, while in other countries around the world the IEC standards are followed. To facilitate world trade, standards agencies around the world engage in harmonization activity so that intrinsically safe equipment manufactured in one country eventually might be approved for use in another without redundant, expensive testing and documentation.
See also
ATEX directive
References
Intrinsic safety on-line assessment tool
IEC 60079-11:2023
Further reading
Redding, R.J., Intrinsic Safety: Safe Use of Electronics in Hazardous Locations. McGraw-Hill European technical and industrial programme. 1971.
Paul, V., '"The earthing of intrinsically safe barriers on offshore transportable equipment". IMarEST. Proceedings of IMarEST - Part A - Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology, Volume 2009, Number 14, April 2009, pp. 3–17(15)
.
.
Electrical safety
Explosion protection
Natural gas safety | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20safety |
Tanju is the art of pistol defense often learned in the martial art of jujutsu.
Collectively they are an unarmed response to a close range pistol, such as in a mugging situation.
The basics of the art are the appraisal of the situation, getting out of the way, and disarming or neutralizing the attacker.
Even with the mastery of this art it is often much safer to comply with any person that is pointing a gun at you.
Japanese martial arts terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanju |
Utpal Datta is an Assamese film critic from Guwahati.
Career
Utpal Datta earned his Masters in Arts from Gauhati University.He later joined the All India Radio Guwahati, where his book 24 Frames (2008), an anthology of articles on Indian cinema, was released as a radio program.
Awards and recognition
Special Jury Mention for in Cinema at the National Film Awards
References
External links
https://twitter.com/airnews_ghy/status/1634239304095633409/photo/1
http://passionforcinema.com/radio-premier-of-24-frames/
http://www.utpaldatta.com
https://epaper.prabhatkhabar.com/2881161/Hazaribagh-Chatra/Hazaribagh#page/4/1
http://roopkar.wordpress.com/
http://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/5918997_B.A.-with-Assamese.pdf
https://cinematicillusions.com/film-reviews/benegals-new-cinema/
https://cinematicillusions.com/film-reviews/onaatah/
https://cinematicillusions.com/film-reviews/the-pangti-story/
http://www.aajnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/page-7-copy-6.jpg
https://m.youtube.com/watch?feature=share&v=Vss7Snp5c5k
http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/spda.asp?id=2019/sep0419/BigPage21.jpg
https://www.amazon.in/Chalachitrar-Rakhachadan-
%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0-%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8-Utpal/dp/B084GNXBT8/ref=sr_1_17?crid=18Y3TOYWMC35R&keywords=purbayon+publication&qid=1583435996&s=books&sprefix=purbay%2Caps%2C402&sr=1-17
https://thestorymug.com/utpal-datta-in-love-of-films-and-filmmaking/
Indian film critics
Indian radio presenters
Writers from Guwahati
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Gauhati University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utpal%20Datta |
Alan David Gold (born 1945) is a novelist, columnist, and human rights activist.
Life and career
Born in Leicester, United Kingdom, Alan Gold began his working life on British provincial newspapers such as the Leicester Mercury before becoming a freelance correspondent in the United Kingdom and Europe. He and his wife Eva moved to Australia in 1970.
He has written thirty books which have been published and translated internationally. His novels deal with a wide range of subjects, most often associated with modern and ancient history and politics and Judaism.
He is a regular literary critic for The Australian and also an opinion columnist for The Spectator Australia. In June 2000, he was the New South Wales Human Rights Orator, as well as the B'nai B'rith Human Rights Orator in Sydney and Melbourne. He is a visiting guest lecturer in literature at major Australian universities and a regular lecturer and speaker on matters of literature, racism, and human rights.
He is a past President of the Anti-Defamation Unit of B'nai B'rith, is a member of think tanks the Sydney Institute and the Centre for Independent Studies, and has been a board member of the international writers' centre, Varuna, the Vice President of the human rights program Courage to Care, and the literary co-ordinator of the New South Wales University Shalom College's Festival, Limmud Oz. He is a visiting scholar to the Melbourne Limmud Oz.
He is married with three children and lives in Sydney, Australia.
Bibliography
Books
Essays and columns
Growing internet dependence sapping our life skills
References
External links
Simon & Schuster author page
HarperCollins author page
1945 births
Living people
20th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Australian male writers
21st-century Australian novelists
Australian male novelists
Australian people of German-Jewish descent
Jewish Australian writers
Writers from Sydney
British emigrants to Australia
English Jews
English people of German-Jewish descent
The Spectator people
21st-century Australian male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Gold%20%28author%29 |
The Headless Mule (, ) is a mythical character in Brazilian folklore.
Origins and occurrence
The myth is believed to have a medieval origin, and to have been brought to Brazil in the early colonial era (16th century or later).
The tale is most popular in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso, but is well known throughout the country. Similar myths (the Muladona and the Almamula) occur in the surrounding Hispanic countries.
Appearance
The Mule's appearance varies greatly from region to region. Its color is most commonly given as brown, sometimes as black. It has silver (or iron) horseshoes that produce a hideous trotting, louder than any horse is capable of producing.
Despite being headless, the Mule still neighs (usually very loud), and sometimes it moans like a crying woman. It also has a bridle tied to its non-existent mouth, and spews fire through its non-existent nostrils (or, in some versions, from its severed neck).
The curse
According to most reports, the Mule is condemned to gallop over the territory of seven parishes each night (just as the Brazilian version of the werewolf). By some accounts, its trip begins and ends at the parish where the sin was committed.
Transformation usually occurs at a crossroads. Depending on the source the headless mule may have a placeholder head and mane, made of the fire it spews, to which a red-hot iron bridle is tied.
The curse of the Headless Mule cannot be transmitted (unlike the vampiric curse), because it is acquired as a result of a sin committed willfully by the accursed woman.
The transformation can be reversed temporarily by spilling the mule's blood with the prick of a needle or by tying her to a cross. In the first case, transformation will be prevented while the benefactor is alive and lives in the same parish in which his feat was accomplished. In the second case the woman will remain in human form until the sun dawns, but will transform again the next time.
A more stable removal of the curse can be achieved by removing the bridle, in which case the woman will not shape shift again while the benefactor is alive. Tying the bridle back to the woman's mouth will return the curse.
Removal of the curse is a great relief for the woman because the curse includes many trials, so the grateful woman will usually repent her sins and marry the benefactor. In any case, when the mule changes back to human form the accursed woman will be completely naked, sweated, and smelling of sulfur.
A person who encounters the mule should not cross its path, or the mule will follow the offender and trample him down. Instead, one should either be brave enough to remove the bridle or spill its blood, or else just lay face down on the ground, covering teeth and nails (as well as anything that shines) and the mule will hopefully fail to notice the stranger's presence and trot away (because it has poor vision).
The headless priest
There is also a similar folk tale where the curse fell on the sinning priest. In this story, the priest's headless ghost rides through the night on a normal horse, much like the Headless Horseman in Washington Irving's story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Indeed, this variant of the myth may well be just a modern import of that 19th century tale.
Anthropological explanation
The Headless Mule may be a personification of the latent paganism of some popular practices echoing in the collective conscience of a people indoctrinated with a simplistic view of Catholicism. It showcases the wild instincts and repressed behaviours that are unacceptable in a Christian society. There may be some connection between the Brazilian Headless Mules and folklore about witches in Western Europe.
Being personified as an animal implies a negative view of the character, which embodies the deepest forces that are part of the human consciousness, namely the libido, whose sexual aspect is traditionally associated with the horse, a symbol of sexual potency and brutal feats. The absence of a head may be a metaphor for the lack of reason, or evidence that the curse involved the perdition of the soul. In either case, without the head to give direction, the body is left under the power of violent passions, immediate impulses and selfish desires.
The most frequent cause for the curse is a woman's unchristian love for a priest, a vicar of Christ on Earth. This association shows the lengths the Church went to indoctrinate people (both priests and women) about the importance of celibacy.
Popular culture
The Mula-Sem-Cabeça appears in AdventureQuest Worlds. This version of the Mula-Sem-Cabeça is depicted with having a fire for a head. It is among the creatures that attack Terra da Festa before the Carnaval Party.
In Ragnarok Online MMORPG, Headless Mule is a monster in Brasilis Field. It appears as a red fiery headless horse.
See also
Headless Horseman
Muladona
Sihuanaba
References
CASCUDO, Luís da Câmara. Dicionário do Folclore Brasileiro. 3rd Edition. Rio de Janeiro, Tecnoprint, 1972.
Rosane Volpato's website
External links
Picture of Headless Mule
The Headless Mule in the Brazilian TV program Sítio do Picapau Amarelo
The Headless Mule at everything2.com
Shapeshifting
Legendary mammals
Fictional mules
Brazilian ghosts
South American ghosts
Supernatural legends
Female legendary creatures
Mythological monsters
Headless Horseman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headless%20Mule |
The New York Symphony Orchestra was founded as the New York Symphony Society in New York City by Leopold Damrosch in 1878. For many years it was a rival to the older Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York. It was supported by Andrew Carnegie, who built Carnegie Hall (opened in 1891) expressly for the orchestra. The Symphony was known for performing more colorful French and Russian works than the Philharmonic, which excelled in German repertoire.
Upon his death in 1885, Leopold Damrosch was succeeded as musical director by his son Walter Damrosch.
In 1903, during a reorganization, it was renamed the New York Symphony Orchestra, and its first recordings were made that year as the "Damrosch Orchestra" for Columbia Records (of which only one was commercially issued, the prelude to Georges Bizet's Carmen). In 1920 it became the first American orchestra to tour Europe, and radio broadcasts of its concerts began in 1923. In 1928, the orchestra merged with the Philharmonic Society of New York to form the Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, later the New York Philharmonic.
External links
"Music: Philharmonic-Symphony", Time article on the merger, April 2, 1928]
Disbanded American orchestras
Symphony orchestras
Musical groups established in 1878
Musical groups disestablished in 1928
1878 establishments in New York (state)
1928 disestablishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Symphony%20Orchestra |
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