text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
Strasburger is a German locational surname, which originally meant a person from Strasbourg, France or Strasburg, Germany. The name may refer to:
Charles Strasburger, American college men's basketball head coach
Eduard Strasburger (1844–1912), German botanist
Henryk Leon Strasburger (1887–1951), German internist
Julius Strasburger (1871–1934), Polish politician
Larry Hollingsworth Strasburger (1935–2015), American psychiatrist
Maria-Paulina Strasburger (1878–1945), Polish politician
Scott Strasburger (born 1963), American football player
Paul Strasburger (born 1946), British politician
Victor C. Strasburger (born 1949), American pediatrician
See also
Straßburger (disambiguation)
References
German-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasburger |
The Talysh language () is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan by around 500,000-800,000 people. Talysh language is closely related to the Tati language. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). Talysh is partially, but not fully, intelligible with Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
History
The origin of the name Talysh is not clear but is likely to be quite old. The name of the people appears in early Arabic sources as Al-Taylasân and in Persian as Tâlišân and Tavâliš, which are plural forms of Tâliš. Northern Talysh (in the Republic of Azerbaijan) was historically known as Tâlish-i Guštâsbi. Talysh has always been mentioned with Gilan or Muqan. Writing in the 1330s AD, Hamdallah Mostowfi calls the language of Gushtaspi (covering the Caspian border region between Gilan to Shirvan) a Pahlavi language connected to the language of Gilan. Although there are no confirmed records, the language called in Iranian linguistics as Azari can be the antecedent of both Talysh and Tati. Miller's (1953) hypothesis that the Âzari of Ardabil, as appears in the quatrains of Shaikh Safi, was a form of Talysh was confirmed by Henning (1954). In western literature the people and the language are sometimes referred to as Talishi, Taleshi or Tolashi. Generally speaking, written documents about Taleshi are rare.
The first information about the Talysh language in Russian can be found in Volume X of Strachevsky's "Encyclopedic Dictionary" ("Справочный энциклопедический словарь"), published in St. Petersburg in 1848. The work says:
"The Talysh dialect is one of the six main dialects of Persian. It is used in the Talysh khanate and is probably the homeland of that language. Due to its grammatical and lexicographic forms, this language is noticeably different from other dialects. Except for the addition of the plural suffix "un", it is peculiar and is not derived from any Pahlavi or any other language. This language puts all relative pronouns before the noun, and the pronouns themselves are original in it.
The second information about the Talysh language is provided by Ilya Berezin, a professor at Kazan University, in Russian, but not in Russian, but in French. In 1853, Berezin's book on Persian grammar was published in Kazan. In the same year, his book "Recherches sur les dialectes persans" was published in Kazan. Experts still refer to this work as the first work of Russian Iranians in the field of Iranian dialectology. He used the "Talysh" songs given in A. Khodzko's work. IN Berezin's work consists of two parts - a grammatical essay and songs from A. Khodzko's work. IN Berezin writes that he conducted his research on Iranian dialects on the basis of materials he personally collected and studied, but does not write anywhere with whom, when and in what area he collected them. In the work, Talysh words are distorted. IN Berezin writes about the quartets taken from the work of A. Khodzko:
"Here I present to the reader a new translation of the Talysh, Gilan and Mazandaran songs and accompany them with critical notes; the Talysh texts, if not in Khodzko, were restored by me on the basis of his transcription." However, the author writes that "grammatical rules are not strictly observed in the Talysh language, as the verb's news form is usually confused almost all the time, ie instead of the aorist preterit, the future time in the present tense, etc. is used. " Going even further, he writes: "In the Talysh language, the verb is the most difficult, the most confusing and the most dubious part."
Geography
In the north of Iran, there are six cities where Talysh is spoken: Masal, Rezvanshar, Talesh, Fuman, Shaft, and Masuleh (in these cities some people speak Gilaki and Turkish as well). The only towns where Talysh is spoken exclusively are the townships of Masal and Masuleh. In other cities, in addition to Talysh, people speak Gilaki and Azerbaijani. In Azerbaijan there are eight cities where Talysh is spoken: Astara (98%), Lerik (90%), Lenkoran (90%), Masalli (36%).
Talysh has been under the influence of Gilaki, Azeri Turkic, and Persian. In the south (Taleshdula, Masal, Shanderman, and Fumanat) the Talysh and Gilaks live side by side; however, there is less evidence that a Talysh family replaces Gilaki with its own language. In this region, the relation is more of a contribution to each other's language. In the north of Gilan, on the other hand, Azeri Turkic has replaced Talysh in cities like Astara after the migration of Turkic speakers to the region decades ago. However, the people around Lavandvil and its mountainous regions have retained Talysh. Behzad Behzadi, the author of "Azerbaijani Persian Dictionary" remarks that: "The inhabitants of Astara are Talyshis and in fifty years ago (about 1953) that I remember the elders of our family spoke in that language and the great majority of dwellers also conversed in Talyshi. In the surrounding villages, a few were familiar with Turkic". From around Lisar up to Hashtpar, Azeri and Talysh live side by side, with the latter mostly spoken in small villages. To the south of Asalem, the influence of Azeri is negligible and the tendency is towards Persian along with Talysh in cities. In the Azerbaijan republic, Talysh is less under the influence of Azeri and Russian than Talysh in Iran is affected by Persian. Central Talysh has been considered the purest of all Talysh dialects.
Classification and related languages
Talysh belongs to the Northwestern Iranian branch of Indo-European languages. The living language most closely related to Talysh is Tati. The Tati group of dialects is spoken across the Talysh range in the southwest (Kajal and Shahrud) and south (Tarom). This Tatic family should not be confused with another Tat family which is more related to Persian. Talysh also shares many features and structures with Zazaki, now spoken in Turkey, and the Caspian languages and Semnani of Iran.
Dialects
The division of Talysh into three clusters is based on lexical, phonological and grammatical factors. Northern Talysh distinguishes itself from Central and Southern Talysh not only geographically but culturally and linguistically as well. Speakers of Northern Talysh are found almost exclusively in the Republic of Azerbaijan but can also be found in the neighbouring regions of Iran, in the Province of Gilan. The varieties of Talysh spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan are best described as speech varieties rather than dialects. Four speech varieties are generally identified on the basis of phonetic and lexical differences. These are labeled according to the four major political districts in the Talysh region: Astara, Lankaran, Lerik, and Masalli. The differences between the varieties are minimal at the phonetic and lexical level. Mamedov (1971) suggests a more useful dialectal distinction is one between the varieties spoken in the mountains and those spoken in the plains. The morphosyntax of Northern Talysh is characterized by a complicated split system which is based on the Northwest Iranian type of accusativity/ergativity dichotomy: it shows accusative features with present-stem-based transitive constructions, whereas past-stem-based constructions tend towards an ergative behavior. In distant regions like Lavandevil and Masuleh, the dialects differ to such a degree that conversations begin to be difficult. In Iran, the northern dialect is in danger of extinction.
Some Northern dialects' differences
The northern dialect has some salient differences from the central and southern dialects, e.g.:
Alignment variation
The durative marker "ba" in Taleshdulaei changes to "da" in Lankarani and shifts in between the stem and person suffixes:
ba-žē-mun → žē-da-mun
Such a diversification exists in each dialect too, as in the case of Masali
Phonology
The following is the Northern Talysh dialect:
Consonants
Vowels
only occurs in free variation with , whereas is often palatalized as .
are heard as allophones of .
Vowel sounds followed by a nasal consonant, /_nC/, often tend to be nasalized.
Scripts
The vowel system in Talysh is more extended than in standard Persian. The prominent differences are the front vowel ü in central and northern dialects and the central vowel ə. In 1929, a Latin-based alphabet was created for Talysh in the Soviet Union. However, in 1938 it was changed to Cyrillic-based, but it did not gain extensive usage for a variety of reasons. An orthography based on Azeri Latin is used in Azerbaijan, and also in Iranian sources, for example on the IRIB's ParsToday website. The Perso-Arabic script is also used in Iran, although publications in the language are rare and are mostly volumes of poetry. The following tables contain the vowels and consonants used in Talysh. The sounds of the letters on every row, pronounced in each language, may not correspond fully.
Monophthongs
Diphthongs
Consonants
Differences from Persian
The general phonological differences of some Talysh dialects with respect to standard Persian are as follows:
Grammar
Talysh has a subject–object–verb word order. In some situations the case marker, 'i' or 'e' attaches to the accusative noun phrase. There is no definite article, and the indefinite one is "i". The plural is marked by the suffixes "un", "ēn" and also "yēn" for nouns ending with vowels. In contrast to Persian, modifiers are preceded by nouns, for example: "maryami kitav" (Mary's book) and "kava daryâ" (livid sea). Like most other Iranian dialects there are two categories of inflexion, subject and object cases. The "present stem" is used for the imperfect and the "past stem" for the present in the verbal system. That differentiates Talysh from most other Western Iranian dialects. In the present tense, verbal affixes cause a rearranging of the elements of conjugation in some dialects like Tâlešdulâbi, e.g. for expressing the negation of b-a-dašt-im (I sew), "ni" is used in the following form: ni-m-a-dašt (I don't sew)."m" is first person singular marker, "a" denotes duration and "dašt" is the past stem.
Pronouns
Talysh is a null-subject language, so nominal pronouns (e.g. I, he, she) are optional. For first person singular, both "az" and "men" are used. Person suffixes are not added to stems for "men".
Examples:
men xanda. (I read.), az bexun-em (Should I read ...)
men daxun! (Call me!), az-daxun-em (Should I call ...)
There are three prefixes in Talysh and Tati added to normal forms making possessive pronouns. They are: "če / ča" and "eš / še".
Verbs
preverbs: â/o, da, vi/i/ē/â, pē/pi
Negative Markers: ne, nē, ni
Subjunctive/Imperative prefix: be
Durative markers: a, ba, da
The following Person Suffixes are used in different dialects and for different verbs.
Conjugations
The past stem is inflected by removing the infinitive marker (ē), however the present stem and jussive mood are not so simple in many cases and are irregular. For some verbs, present and past stems are identical. The "be" imperative marker is not added situationally. The following tables show the conjugations for first-person singular of "sew" in some dialects of the three dialectical categories:
Stems and imperative mood
Active voice
Passive voice
Nouns and adpositions
There are four "cases" in Talysh, the nominative (unmarked), the genitive, the (definite) accusative and ergative.
The nominative case (characterized by null morpheme on nouns) encodes the subject; the predicate; the indefinite direct object in a nominative clause; definite direct object in an ergative clause; the vowel-final main noun in a noun phrase with another noun modifying it; and, finally, the nominal element in an adpositional phrases with certain adpositions. The examples below are from Pirejko 1976
PRST:present stem
REFL:reflexive pronoun
The ergative case, on the other hand, has the following functions: indicating the subject of an ergative phrase; definite direct object (in this function, ergative case takes the form of -ni after vowel-final stems); nominal modifier in a noun phrase; the nominal element in adpositional phrases with most adpositions.
The accusative form is often used to express the simple indirect object in addition to the direct object. These "cases" are in origin actually just particles, similar to Persian prepositions like "râ".
Vocabulary
References
Further reading
Abdoli, A., 1380 AP / 2001 AD. Tat and Talysh literature (Iran and Azerbaijan republic). Entešâr Publication, Tehran, .
Asatrian, G., and Habib Borjian, 2005. Talish: people and language: The state of research. Iran and the Caucasus 9/1, pp. 43–72 (published by Brill).
Bazin, M., 1974. Le Tâlech et les tâlechi: Ethnic et region dans le nord-ouest de l’Iran, Bulletin de l’Association de Geographes Français, no. 417–418, 161–170.
Bazin, M., 1979. Recherche des papports entre diversité dialectale et geographie humaine: l’example du Tâleš, G. Schweizer, (ed.), Interdisciplinäre Iran-Forschung: Beiträge aus Kulturgeographie, Ethnologie, Soziologie und Neuerer Geschichte, Wiesbaden, 1–15.
Bazin, M., 1981. Quelque échantillons des variations dialectales du tâleši, Studia Iranica 10, 111–124, 269–277.
Paul, D., 2011. A comparative dialectal description of Iranian Taleshi. PhD Dissertation: University of Manchester. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:119653
Yarshater, E., 1996. The Taleshi of Asalem. Studia Iranica, 25, New York.
Yarshater, E., "Tâlish". Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., vol. 10.
External links
Positive Orientation Towards the Vernacular among the Talysh of Sumgayit
Example of Talyshi Language
B. Miller. Talysh language and the languages of Azeri
A. Mamedov, k.f.n. Talishes as carriers of the ancient language of Azerbaijan
A short note on the history of Talyshi literature
Talysh
Northwestern Iranian languages
Languages of Iran
Languages of Azerbaijan
Caspian languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talysh%20language |
Callac (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in north-western France.
Geography
Callac is located south-west of Guingamp and north-east of Carhaix, Finistère.
Landmarks
Botmel Chapel
Naous statue, by Georges Lucien Guyot
Callac Church
Roman bridge
Population
Inhabitants of Callac are called Callacois in French.
See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department
References
External links
Official website
Joseph Lohou's internet site about Callac de Bretagne
Géographie de Bretagne, portail des villes et pays bretons - Callac / Kallag
Information on Callac and Questellic
Communes of Côtes-d'Armor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callac |
Julie Lynne Hayek (born October 4, 1960) is an American actress, model, charity worker and beauty queen who won Miss USA 1983.
Early life
Hayek is of Czech and German descent on her father's side and Norwegian, Scottish, Irish, and English on her mother's side. Her father was an airline pilot and her mother a high school guidance counselor. She graduated from UCLA a year after holding the Miss USA title, with a bachelor's degree in biology and a minor in psychology.
While cheerleading at UCLA, she was discovered. After shooting a poster for 20th Century Fox, she was asked to do a screen test by Paramount Studios head of casting Rueben Cannon, and was subsequently featured in an NBC Nightly News story. She was prominently featured in a Sports Illustrated article about the UCLA cheerleading squad, Eight Beauties and a Beat.
Miss USA
Hayek won the 1983 Miss California USA title. She represented California in the 1983 Miss USA pageant held in Knoxville, Tennessee, in May 1983, and became her state's fourth Miss USA titleholder. In her role, she met presidents, prime ministers and heads of state from around the world. Hayek joined forces with Bob Hope and the USO in support of the nation's servicemen and women. She was a celebrity guest and entertainer for Bob Hope's USO Christmas in Beirut TV special, shot in Beirut, Lebanon, aboard the Sixth Fleet's aircraft carrier.
Miss Universe
Hayek went on to represent the United States at the 1983 Miss Universe pageant, held at Kiel Auditorium in St. Louis, Missouri. She had the highest preliminary score and won both the swimsuit and evening gown competitions during the final competition. She became first runner-up to eventual winner Lorraine Downes of New Zealand.
Life after Miss USA
As an actress, Hayek has appeared on the TV series Dallas, Twin Peaks, Moonlighting, Matlock, Hunter, Hardball and As the World Turns. She was a celebrity guest on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson, and co-hosted the 1985 revival of Break the Bank. Her film credits include Commando, along with the made-for-TV movies Scandal in a Small Town and Seduction: Three Tales from the Inner Sanctum.
Hayek later moved to New York to become a model and stock trader. She has modeled or served as spokesperson for Kodak, Victoria's Secret, Christian Dior, Warnaco, Natori, Mary McFadden, Tissot watches, and Mattel. Hayek has been featured in Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Sports Illustrated (four times), Tattler, Health and Fitness, and Hamptons, and was on the cover of Manhattan magazine. At the Miss USA 2011 competition, she was among 31 former winners who were part of a photo shoot layout for Time.
Filmography
References
External links
Official site of Julie Hayek
1960 births
American cheerleaders
American game show hosts
American people of Czech descent
American people of English descent
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Norwegian descent
American people of Scottish descent
American real estate brokers
Female models from California
Game show models
Living people
Miss Universe 1983 contestants
Miss USA winners
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie%20Hayek |
is an – a municipality belonging to a , a kind of collective municipality – in the district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a state-recognized tourism community, and it was the seat of the former of . Its situation and amenities make it a lower-order centre.
Geography
Location
lies roughly 15 km south of and 20 km northwest of Trier. The municipality is made up of the three centres () of , , and ("Papermill"). The river is met by the ("Little Dhron") in the outlying centre of , whereafter it empties into the Moselle at . Over on the other side of the river from , the river also empties into the Moselle.
History
is one of a series of places that claim the title "Germany's Oldest Winemaking Centre". The winemaking village of was founded by the Romans some 2,000 years ago as a waystation on the road from Trier to Koblenz along the Moselle; its Latin name was ("Noviomagus of the Treviri"). It is the place where the Wine Ship (), a ship carved out of stone now in the Rhenish State Museum in Trier, was unearthed. A copy of the Wine Ship can be seen in the village centre. In the Early Middle Ages, is believed to have been the location of the episcopal (castle). The two places also later belonged to the Archbishopric of Trier. Beginning in 1794, and lay under French rule. In 1815 they were assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, they have been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Until municipal administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate in 1969, both centres belonged to the district, whose seat was in . Today's municipality was newly formed out of the older municipalities of and on 7 June 1969.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayor
The mayor is Dirk Doppelhamer (SPD).
Coat of arms
In 1951, arms were approved for both and . 's arms might have been described thus: Per pale argent a cross gules and barry of thirteen of the first and azure, that is to say, with a red cross on a silver background on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side and thirteen horizontal stripes alternating between silver and blue on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side. 's arms might have been described thus: Per pale argent a cross gules and gules a bend argent charged with three roses Or barbed vert, that is to say, with the same dexter side as 's arms, but with the sinister side showing a red field with a silver slanted stripe with three golden roses with green sepals running along it.
In 1967, the arms were changed in connection with the merger of the two municipalities. The resulting escutcheon might be described thus: Barry of eleven argent and azure the Wine Ship Or, in a chief of the first a cross gules charged with three roses in fess of the third.
The red cross stands for 's and 's longtime allegiance to the Electorate of Trier, while the three golden roses stand for Tholey Abbey, a Benedictine monastery that once owned a winegrowing estate in . The blue and silver stripes stand for the old feudal lords of , and the Wine Ship for the municipality's Roman beginnings.
Culture and sightseeing
Sightseeing
One point of interest is the Archaeological Loop, on which guided tours are also regularly offered. In the centre of is found a cast of the Roman Wine Ship right next to the old Saint Peter's Chapel () and the Ausonius Garden. Something about the municipality's earlier history can also be learnt at the local history museum.
Likewise worth seeing are the old Gothic church in and the nearby cathedral "free estate".
Farther up the Moselle is found the new cycle path which leads straight to the vineyard with its archway of roses and its ("Martyrs' Chapel").
A working replica of the Wine Ship can be chartered.
Regular events
(street wine festival ) in (September)
in (August)
Traditional Easter egg shoot by the shooting club (April)
("King's and Prince's Shoot", April)
Fire brigade's Father's Day festival (May)
Fire brigade's summer festival (August)
Angling club's fish baking festival (May)
Christmas concert by the ("winemakers' orchestra") in (December)
Vineyards
is to a considerable extent characterized by winegrowing, and with 247 ha of planted vineyard area is the biggest winegrowing centre on the Moselle after Piesport, Zell, Leiwen, and Konz. Traditionally, the winegrowers' mainstay has been Riesling. Moreover, winegrowing forms the basis for tourism, which is likewise an important part of the economy.
Well known vineyards are:
(overlaps with neighbouring municipality of Piesport)
(overlaps with neighbouring municipality of Piesport)
Well known Neumagen vineyards are:
(overlaps with )
Archaeological finds in
At digs and new building works in , many old monuments have been found in the old castrum's foundations that were used for fortification. Some of the more important finds are listed here:
Neumagen Wine Ship
Roman steersman
Grapevine relief
Wine transport
Roman wine ship with merry steersman
Great mealtime gable
Amphora pyramid
Cupbearer
Banquet and drinking scene
Banquet scene
Rent payment
Mars figure (bronze)
Albinus Asper's and his wife Secundia Restituta's grave marker
"Parental" columns
School relief
"Negotiator" column
Hairdressing scene
Economy and infrastructure
Public institutions
St. Helena (primary school)
Ausonius
Friedrich Spee
administration
Tourist information
Fire station
Since the 2009/2010 school year, the Ausonius Hauptschule and the Friedrich Spee Realschule together form a unified " Plus".
Transport
Road
lies right on 53, although this does not run through the built-up area, which consequently has little road traffic. Right at is a bridge on this road, which affords a good and quick link to other nearby places. The Autobahn A 1 can be reached in 15 minutes, and along it, drivers can reach nearby cities such as Trier or Koblenz.
River
has at its disposal its own yacht harbour, and by way of a landing stage, passenger voyages, for instance to , are possible.
Cycling paths
Coming from Trittenheim and Trier, the new cycling path runs right alongside the Moselle. Furthermore, cyclists can ride on paths on either side of the Moselle towards Piesport or .
Air
On the Plateau, some 2 km southeast of the municipality, is the , an airfield run by the aerial sport club.
Further reading
References
External links
Municipality’s official webpage
Brief portrait of Neumagen with film at SWR Fernsehen
Brief portrait of Dhron with film at SWR Fernsehen
Bernkastel-Wittlich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neumagen-Dhron |
Colchester County High School for Girls is a selective girls' grammar school with academy status in Colchester, Essex. The school consistently scores highly in the league tables for the UK. It was joint first in the country in the 2018 secondary GCSE league tables, and ninth in the country in the 2015 A-Level league tables. Entrance to Year 7 is by an academic selection test, the Eleven Plus. Entrance into Year 12 is by GCSE grades, although priority is given to pre-existing pupils.
History
The school was originally located in the Albert Hall in the High Street (now the Co-operative Bank), until its intended premises at the top of North Hill (now the Sixth Form College) were completed. Later, the lower school moved to Greyfriars on East Hill and, in 1957, moved to new buildings in Norman Way, off Lexden Road. Most of the buildings are unchanged, but an extension, including new science laboratories and Sixth Form facilities was added in 2002. The 'mSchool' was added between 2006 and 2009, with new facilities for music, mathematics and the mind; its 'iLab' (innovation laboratory) is one of the few in the UK outside a university.
In 2018 new classrooms, including a new healthy living studio; a new sixth form centre with a lecture theatre and an IT suite were completed;In 2017, the top floor of the science block, or 'S-block’, was refurbished to facilitate the Colchester Teacher Training Consortium (CTTC).
It was founded in 1909 as a girls' school for Colchester, and subsequently became a grammar school admitting girls from North East Essex and beyond on the basis of an 11+ selection test. The school is situated a mile to the west of central Colchester, and celebrated its centenary in 2009–2010.
Specialisms
The school was one of the first Science Specialist Schools in the country. It later became a specialist Modern Language school too, teaching French and German as well as Latin.
School motto
Wisdom Giveth Life has been the school's motto since the school opened in 1909. This reading is still included in the traditional school assembly at the start of each academic year:
Notable alumni
Charlotte Atkins – MP for Staffordshire Moorlands
Fiona Bevan - singer/songwriter
Pamela Brown – writer
Georgina Cates – actor (born Clare Woodgate)
Beth Chatto – gardener
Saskia Clark – GB Olympic Gold Medal Winning Sailor
Stella Creasy – MP for Walthamstow
Virginia Crosbie - MP for Ynys Môn
Christine Davies Professor of Physics at the University of Glasgow
Helen Mary Jones – member for Llanelli of National Assembly for Wales
Elisabeth Murray – English biographer and educationist
References
Girls' schools in Essex
Grammar schools in Essex
Educational institutions established in 1909
1909 establishments in England
Academies in Essex
Schools in Colchester (town) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchester%20County%20High%20School%20for%20Girls |
The Lower Cape May Regional High School (LCMRHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in Lower Township, in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Lower Cape May Regional School District. LCMRHS serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from four communities in Cape May County as part of the Lower Cape May Regional School District, which includes Lower Township, Cape May, West Cape May, and Cape May Point; students from Cape May Point attend the district as part of a sending/receiving relationship.
As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 764 students and 68.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.2:1. There were 204 students (26.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 47 (6.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
History
LCMRHS replaced the former Cape May High School, which closed effective December 22, 1960. The Cape May superintendent, Paul W. Schmitdtchen, decided to create a new high school, and therefore he is considered the "father" of the school. In December 1958 the voters of Cape May City, West Cape May, and Lower Township approved borrowing $1.4 million (equivalent to $ million in ) to build a new high school in Lower Township. Construction began in November 1959. The school district hired employees in April 1960. LCMRHS opened in 1961. The first class to graduate from LCMRHS was that of 1961.
In 2002, the school held a groundbreaking for a $12 million (the value of $ million in ) addition covering , which included a new auditorium, as well as renovation of of area.
The school's field house opened in 2017.
Campus
The LCMR district describes its facilities as being in Erma, with the postal address being "Cape May, New Jersey"; the schools are not in the Erma census-designated place. The Cape May County Herald, and the Press of Atlantic City describe the school as being in Erma.
The school has a capacity of 1,266 students.
Awards, recognition and rankings
The school was the 236th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 243rd in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 236th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 205th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 185th in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state.
Athletics
The Lower Cape May Regional High School Caper Tigers compete in the Atlantic Division of the Cape-Atlantic League, an athletic conference comprised of both parochial and public high schools located in Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland and Gloucester counties, and operates under the aegis of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 594 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2022–24 school years as Group II South for most athletic competition purposes. The football team competes in the Royal Division of the 94-team West Jersey Football League superconference and was classified by the NJSIAA as Group II South for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 480 to 674 students.
The boys' wrestling team won the South Jersey Group III state sectional championship in 1982.
In 2015, the girls' basketball team won the South Jersey Group II state sectional title with a 58-55 overtime win over Sterling High School, earning the program's first state championship.
Administration
The school's principal is Lawrence Ziemba. His core administration team includes two vice principals.
Student body
In 2012 there were 85 students of LCMR High living in Cape May City. In 2013 this number fell to 65.
Notable alumni
Bob Andrzejczak (born 1986, class of 2004), politician, member of the New Jersey General Assembly.
Thomas Cannuli, (born 1992, class of 2010), professional poker player, known for finishing 6th place in the 2015 WSOP Main Event and winning a WSOP bracelet in the $3,333 WSOP.com ONLINE No-Limit Hold'em High Roller.
Chris Jay (born 1978, class of 1996), musician, screenwriter, actor and member of the band, Army of Freshmen.
Bill Pilczuk (born 1971, class of 1989), former 1998 World Champion swimmer and present head swim coach at Savannah College of Art and Design.
Matt Szczur (born 1989, class of 2007), former Major League Baseball player who played for the Chicago Cubs and San Diego Padres.
Notable faculty
Ed Rubbert (born 1964), former football coach who played quarterback for the Washington Redskins.
Erik K. Simonsen, school athletic director who represents the 1st Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly.
References
Further reading
External links
Lower Cape May Regional High School
Data for the Lower Cape May Regional High School District, National Center for Education Statistics
South Jersey Sports: Lower Cape May HS
Cape May, New Jersey
Cape May Point, New Jersey
Lower Township, New Jersey
Public high schools in Cape May County, New Jersey
West Cape May, New Jersey
Educational institutions established in 1961
1961 establishments in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Cape%20May%20Regional%20High%20School |
Thomas Bayly Howell FRS (6 September 1767 – 13 April 1815) was an English lawyer and writer who edited and lent his name to Howell's State Trials.
Life
Thomas Bayly Howell was born in Jamaica. His family returned to England in 1770 to settle at Prinknash Park near Gloucester. Howell studied at Christ Church, Oxford but did not graduate, instead moving on to Lincoln's Inn and being called to the bar in 1790.
In 1808, William Cobbett asked Howell to edit a new edition of the State Trials, a work aspiring to aggregate all the important cases on public law in England. Former compilations of the subject were published by Thomas Salmon, Sollom Emlyn and Francis Hargrave over the previous century. Howell worked on the project from 1809 to 1814, his son, Thomas Jones Howell taking over from him. A modern edition of the State Trials was edited by Donald Thomas and published in two volumes in 1972.
Honours
Fellow of the Royal Society, (1804)
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries
References
Bibliography
Baildon, W. P. (ed.) (1896) The Records of the Honorable Society of Lincoln's Inn: Admissions, 1, 502
Baildon, W. P. (ed.) (1902) The Records of the Honorable Society of Lincoln's Inn: The Black Books, 4, 240, 249
Burke, J. (1833–38) A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, 4 vols
, 2 vols
Wallace, J. W. (1882) The Reporters, 4th ed., 64–9
General Index to the Collection of State Trials compiled by Howell and Howell (1828), by David Jardine
Howell's Complete Collection of State Trials, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783:
1809 edition, vol I: 1163–1600 (1816 edition, vol I: 1163–1600)
1809 edition, vol II: 1603–1627
1809 edition, vol III: 1627–1640 (1816 edition, vol III: 1627–1640)
1809 edition, vol IV: 1640–1649 (1816 edition, vol IV: 1640–1649)
1810 edition, vol V: 1650–1661 (1816 edition, vol V: 1650–1661)
1810 edition, vol VI: 1661–1678 (1816 edition, vol VI: 1661–1678)
1810 edition, vol VII: 1678–1680 (1816 edition, vol VII: 1678–1680)
1810 edition, vol VIII: 1680–1682 (1816 edition, vol VIII: 1680–1682)
1811 edition, vol IX: 1682–1684 (1816 edition, vol IX: 1682–1684)
1811 edition, vol X: 1680–1685 (1816 edition, vol X: 1684–1685)
1811 edition, vol XI: 1680–1688 (1816 edition, vol XI: 1680–1688)
1812 edition, vol XII: 1687–1696 (1816 edition, vol XII: 1687–1696)
1812 edition, vol XIII: 1696–1697 (1816 edition, vol XIII: 1696–1700)
1812 edition, vol XIV: 1700–1708
1812 edition, vol XV: 1710–1719 (1816 edition, vol XV: 1710-1719)
1812 edition, vol XVI: 1722–1725
1816 edition, vol XVII: 1726–1743
1813 edition, vol XVIII: 1743–1753 (1816 edition, vol XVIII: 1744–1753)
1816 edition, vol XIX: 1753–1770
1816 edition, vol XX: 1772–1777
1814 edition, vol XXI: 1778–1784 (1816 edition, vol XXI: 1778–1779)
Continued from the Year 1783 to the Present Time:
1817 edition, vol XXII: 1783–1794
1817 edition, vol XXIII: 1793–1794
1818 edition, vol XXIV: 1794
1818 edition, vol XXV: 1794–1796
1819 edition, vol XXVI: 1796–1798
1820 edition, vol XXVII: 1798–1800
1820 edition, vol XXVIII: 1802–1803
1821 edition, vol XXIX: 1804–1806
1823 edition, vol XXXI: 1809–1813
1826 edition, vol XXXIII: 1817–1820
External links
1767 births
1815 deaths
English barristers
Fellows of the Royal Society
British legal writers
English legal writers
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Bayly%20Howell |
Javed Iqbal Mughal (1961 – 8 October 2001) was a Pakistani serial killer and pederast who confessed to the sexual abuse and murder of 100 young boys, ranging in age from 6 to 16. Iqbal strangled the victims, dismembered the corpses and dissolved them in acid as a way to conceal the evidence. He was found guilty and sentenced to death in the same manner that he killed the boys, being strangled first, then cut into a hundred pieces, in front of the parents of the victims, one piece for each victim, then be dissolved into acid; Interior Minister, Moinuddin Haider, stated that such a punishment would not be allowed. Iqbal died by suicide before any sentence could be carried out.
Early life
Iqbal was the sixth of eight children of his businessman father. He attended Government Islamia College, Railway Road Lahore as an intermediate student. In 1978, while still a student, he started a steel recasting business. Iqbal lived, along with boys, in a villa in Shadbagh which his father had purchased for him.
Murders
In December 1999, Iqbal sent a letter to police and a Lahore newspaper chief news editor Khawar Naeem Hashmi confessing to the rape and murder of 100 runaway boys, all aged between 6 and 16. In the letter, he claimed to have strangled and dismembered the victims, mostly runaways and orphans living on the streets of Lahore after sexually assaulting them, and disposed of their bodies using vats of hydrochloric acid. He then dumped the remains in a local river.
Inside Iqbal's house, police and reporters found bloodstains on the walls and floor, along with the chain with which Iqbal claimed to have strangled his victims and photographs of many of his victims in plastic bags. These items were neatly labelled of the victims' names and ages with handwritten pamphlets. Two vats of acid with partially dissolved human remains were also left in the open for police to find, with a note claiming the bodies in the house have deliberately not been disposed of so that authorities will find them.<ref name=SMcG>McGraw, Seamus. "A Letter from a Killer." All about Javed Iqbal. Crime Library p. (Archive).</ref>
Iqbal confessed in his letter that he planned to drown himself in the Ravi River following his crimes, but, after unsuccessfully dragging the river with nets, police launched the largest manhunt in Pakistani history. Four accomplices, teenage boys who had shared Iqbal's three-bedroom flat, were arrested in Sohawa. Within days, one of them died in police custody, with a post-mortem suggesting that force had been used against him; allegedly, he jumped from a window.
Iqbal claimed that the motive for committing the murders was his infuriation at a perceived injustice at the hands of Lahore police who had arrested him on charges relating to an act of sodomy against a young runaway boy in the 1990s. No charges were brought in relation to this offence. His mother had "been forced to watch [his] decline" before suffering a fatal heart attack. He had therefore resolved to make 100 mothers cry for their sons as his mother had been forced to do for him before her death.
Trial and sentencing
It was a month before Iqbal turned himself in at the offices of the Daily Jang on 30 December 1999. He was subsequently arrested. He stated that he had surrendered to the newspaper because he feared for his life and was concerned that the police would kill him.
Iqbal was sentenced to death; the judge passed the sentence saying, "You will be strangled to death in front of the parents whose children you killed, your body will then be cut into 100 pieces and put in acid, the same way you killed the children." The Interior Minister, Moinuddin Haider, contradicted the sentence by stating that Pakistan is a signatory of the Human Rights Commission, so "such punishments are not allowed."
Death
On October 9, 2001, Iqbal and Sajid Ahmad, one of his accomplices, were found dead in their respective cells at the Kot Lakhpat Jail. Despite indications that both had been murdered, the deaths were officially ruled as suicides by hanging themselves with bedsheets. Autopsies revealed that they had been beaten prior to death. Iqbal's body went unclaimed.
In popular cultureJaved Iqbal: The Untold Story of A Serial Killer is a 2022 Pakistani film that was set to be released on 28 January, 2022. The film was, however, banned by the Punjab government and the Central Board of Film Censors and pulled out of the theatres a day before its release. The film is directed by Abu Aleeha with Yasir Hussain in the role of the notorious serial killer.
See also
List of serial killers by country
List of serial killers by number of victims
Huang Yong (murderer)
Dennis Nilsen
References
Notes
Further reading
"LAHORE: Javed Iqbal, accomplice found dead in jail." Dawn. Updated 10 October 2001.
McCarthy, Rory. "Killer's sentence: cut into 100 pieces" ( ). The Guardian. Thursday 16 March 2000.
"Pakistan probes serial killer's death." BBC. Wednesday 10 October 2001.
"Pakistan 'serial killer' under interrogation." BBC. Friday 31 December 1999.
External links
McGraw, Seamus. . Crime Library''.
1956 births
2001 deaths
2001 suicides
Criminals from Lahore
Pakistani people convicted of child sexual abuse
Pakistani people convicted of murder
Pakistani people convicted of rape
Pakistani murderers of children
Pakistani prisoners sentenced to death
Pakistani serial killers
People convicted of murder by Pakistan
Prisoners sentenced to death by Pakistan
Serial killers who died by suicide in prison custody
Suicides by hanging in Pakistan
Violence against men in Asia
Rape of males
Incidents of violence against boys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javed%20Iqbal%20%28serial%20killer%29 |
Guilderland Central School District (GCSD) is a school district encompassing most of the Town of Guilderland and parts of Bethlehem, New Scotland, and Knox. The district serves approximately 4,828 K-12 students across seven school buildings.
Schools
The district consists of five elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.
Altamont Elementary School (constructed 1953)
Guilderland Elementary School (constructed 1955)
Lynnwood Elementary School (constructed 1968)
Pine Bush Elementary School (constructed 1994)
Westmere Elementary School (constructed 1953)
Farnsworth Middle School (constructed 1970)
Guilderland High School (constructed 1953)
Construction and renovations
The Pine Bush Elementary School on Carman Road, Route 146, opened in September 1994. It was approved by the community due to the district's growing enrollment. In 1999, a major expansion and renovation project, supported by a $24 million bond issue, was completed at Guilderland High School. In October 2001, voters approved the expansion and renovation of Farnsworth Middle School—a $19.7 million project which was completed in September 2005. This project included a fourth gym and the entire Seneca House.
References
External links
Guilderland Central School District
Guilderland, New York
School districts in Albany County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilderland%20Central%20School%20District |
Frederick Cornwallis (5 March 1713 – 19 March 1783) was a British clergy member who served as Archbishop of Canterbury after a career in the Church of England. He was born the seventh son of an aristocratic family.
Early life and education
Cornwallis was born in London, England, the seventh son of Charles Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis. His twin brother, Edward Cornwallis, was born sixth. Charles was educated at Eton College and graduated from Christ's College, Cambridge. He was ordained a priest in 1742 and became a Doctor of Divinity in 1748.
Career
Cornwallis was able to ascend quickly in the Church thanks to his aristocratic connections. In 1746, he was made chaplain to King George II and a canon of Windsor. In 1750, he became a canon at St Paul's Cathedral, and later that year became Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry thanks to the patronage of the Duke of Newcastle, who was Secretary of State. Cornwallis was also Dean of Windsor (1765–1768) and Dean of St Paul's (1766–1768).
On the death of Thomas Secker in 1768, Cornwallis's friendship with the prime minister, the Duke of Grafton, resulted in his translation to Archbishop of Canterbury. As archbishop, his sociability and geniality made him popular. He was a consistent supporter of the administration of Lord North and led efforts in support of Anglican clergy who were dispossessed of their livings in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. He was buried at St. Mary's Church, Lambeth.
On the whole, Cornwallis has generally been judged as a competent administrator but an uninspiring leader of the 18th-century church. He is considered a typical product of the time's latitudinarianism, whose lack of zeal paved the way for the differing responses of both the Evangelicals and the Oxford Movement in the early 19th century.
Family
His twin brother, Edward Cornwallis, had a military career by becoming a general in the British Army; twice serving as a military governor of colonies; and founding Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1749.
His nephew was Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, a British general during the American Revolution who surrendered his forces at Yorktown, Virginia, and was later appointed as Governor-General of India.
Discovery of likely coffin
In 2016, during the refurbishment of the Garden Museum, which is housed at the medieval church of St Mary-at-Lambeth, 30 lead coffins were found under the church floor. One had an archbishop's red and gold mitre on top of it. Two archbishops were identified from nameplates on their coffins. Church records document that three additional archbishops, including Cornwallis, are likely to be buried in the vault.
References
Further reading
The Neglected Archbishop of Cantebury
1713 births
1783 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Bishops of Lichfield
Archbishops of Canterbury
Deans of St Paul's
18th-century Anglican archbishops
Younger sons of barons
Canons of Windsor
Deans of Windsor
Frederick
Burials at St Mary-at-Lambeth
English twins
18th-century Church of England bishops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Cornwallis |
Can't Get Enough is the third studio album by American R&B/disco singer Barry White, released on August 6, 1974 by the 20th Century label.
Release
The album topped the R&B albums chart, his third album to do so. It also topped the Billboard 200 and peaked at #4 on the UK Albums Chart. The album included two Billboard R&B number-one singles, "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" and "You're the First, the Last, My Everything". Both were also successful on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #1 and #2 respectively. Both singles were also hits on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at #8 and #1 respectively. The album was digitally remastered and reissued on CD on March 19, 1996 by Island/Mercury Records.
Critical reception
Village Voice critic Robert Christgau mockingly wrote: "Inspirational Clichés: 'doin' our own thing,' 'different strokes for different folks,' 'rather fight than switch.' Inspirational Emphases: 'very important,' 'very very very very true,' 'truly truly.' Inspirational Epithet: 'hope-to-die woman.' Inspirational Drum Sound: thwop.'"
In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 281 the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and at 283 in a 2012 revised list.
Track listing
Personnel
Barry White - lead vocals, arranger, artwork concept
Gene Page - arranger
Technical
Paul Elmore, Frank Kejmar - engineer
Al Harper - cover painting
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Singles
Certifications and sales
See also
List of number-one albums of 1974 (U.S.)
List of number-one R&B albums of 1974 (U.S.)
References
External links
Can't Get Enough at Discogs
1974 albums
Barry White albums
albums arranged by Gene Page
20th Century Fox Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t%20Get%20Enough%20%28Barry%20White%20album%29 |
Brigitte Hamann (; 26 July 1940 – 4 October 2016) was a German-Austrian author and historian based in Vienna.
Biography
Born in Essen, Germany, Hamann studied history in Münster and Vienna. She worked as a journalist in her native Essen for some time. In 1965, she married historian Günther Hamann (1924–1994), moved to Vienna and obtained Austrian citizenship in addition to her German. The couple had three children; one of them is journalist and feminist Sibylle Hamann. Brigitte Hamann worked with her husband at the University of Vienna and in 1978 obtained a doctor's degree on the basis of a thesis on the life of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. The thesis was published as a book the same year. She described her working method as follows: "(Coming from Germany) I had a different view of Austria, and I began to write with a certain detachment".
The success of her first book led to further books, notably on Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Adolf Hitler, and Winifred Wagner.
Hamann's 1996 book Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship examined how societal attitudes at the time shaped Hitler's anti-Semitic views during his time in Vienna between 1908 and 1913, and the effects of his inordinate fear of both infection and women. Following the publication of The Hidden Hitler by historian and University of Bremen professor Lothar Machtan, Hamann investigated claims about Hitler's homosexuality and appears in the 2004 HBO documentary film, Hidden Fuhrer: Debating the Enigma of Hitler's Sexuality, by American documentarians Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato.
In 2005, Hamann released Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler's Bayreuth, a biography of Winifred Wagner, the British-born woman who became a founding member of the Nazi Party and a close friend of Hitler. The publication earned her "Book of the Year" honors by Opernwelt (Operaworld) magazine and "Historical Book of the Year" honors from Damals history magazine. That same year she received the "" in recognition of her work.
Hamann died on 4 October 2016 at the age of 76.
Honors
(1978)
(1982)
(1986)
Anton Wildgans Prize (1994)
(1997)
(1998)
in Silber (2006)
Honorary prize of the Austrian Booksellers for tolerance in thought and deed (2012)
Books translated into English
The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Knopf: 1986) ()
The Reluctant Empress, Ullstein Verlag, Berlin 1982, 6th ed. 2000
Bertha von Suttner: A Life for Peace (Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution) (Syracuse University Press: 1986)
Rudolf. The Road to Mayerling (German and English, picture book) München 1988
Sissi, Elisabeth, Empress of Austria (Taschen America: 1997) ()
Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship. (1999: Oxford University Press)
Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler's Bayreuth. (2005: Granta publications, England)
Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler's Bayreuth, Harcourt Books, Orlando USA 2006
An English translation of the rororo monograph Die Familie Wagner is to appear.
Books in German
Rudolf, Kronprinz und Rebell, Wien 1978
Elisabeth, Kaiserin wider Willen, Wien 1981
Mit Kaiser Max in Mexiko, Wien 1983
Kaiserin Elisabeth. Das poetische Tagebuch, Verlag der Österr. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1984
Bertha von Suttner. Ein Leben für den Frieden, München 1986
Die Habsburger. Ein biographisches Lexikon, München 1988
Nichts als Musik im Kopf. Das Leben von Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Wien 1990 (Kinderbuch)
Elisabeth. Bilder einer Kaiserin, Wien 1995
Meine liebe, gute Freundin! Die Briefe Kaiser Franz Josephs an Katharina Schratt, München 1992
Hitlers Wien. Lehrjahre eines Diktators, München 1996
Kronprinz Rudolf: 'Majestät, ich warne Sie...', München 2002
Winifred Wagner oder Hitlers Bayreuth, München 2002
Der erste Weltkrieg. Wahrheit und Lüge in Bildern und Texten, München 2004
Ein Herz und viele Kronen. Das Leben der Kaiserin Maria Theresia. Illustriert von , Wien 2004 (Kinderbuch)
Die Familie Wagner, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2005
Kronprinz Rudolf. Ein Leben, Wien 2005
Mozart. Sein Leben und seine Zeit, Wien 2006
Hitlers Edeljude. Das Leben des Armenarztes Eduard Bloch'', München 2008
Numerous editions, paperbacks, and translations
References
External links
1940 births
2016 deaths
Anton Wildgans Prize winners
20th-century Austrian historians
Austrian journalists
German emigrants to Austria
German women journalists
20th-century German journalists
Writers from Essen
University of Münster alumni
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
20th-century German women writers
21st-century German women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigitte%20Hamann |
Robert Gary Sarver (born October 31, 1961) is an American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Value Partners, a real estate development company, and the former owner of the Phoenix Suns NBA team, Phoenix Mercury WNBA team and the RCD Mallorca La Liga Spanish football team.
Early life and education
Sarver was born in Tucson to Irene and Jack Sarver. Sarver is Jewish. His father was a prominent Tucson businessman, banker, and hotel developer (the elder Sarver built the Aztec Inn, the Plaza International Hotel (now an Aloft Hotel) at Speedway and Campbell in Tucson in the early 1970s, built and operated the Tucson area Howard Johnson's locations, and headed American Savings & Loan Ass'n. as its CEO.
Jack Sarver died of a heart attack in 1979; Robert Sarver would eventually donate funds to his alma mater, the University of Arizona's heart research center, which in 1998 was renamed the Sarver Heart Center in honor of his father. Sarver attended his first Phoenix Suns game when he was 8 years old after receiving tickets to his first basketball game on his 8th birthday from one of the team's original co-owners, Donald Diamond; this became a key point in his growing basketball and soccer fandom, including later team ownership within said sports. At age 16, he went to work for his father's company, American Savings and Loan. Sarver is a 1979 graduate of Sabino High School in Tucson, and a 1982 graduate of University of Arizona with a bachelor's degree in business administration. In 1983, Sarver became a certified public accountant.
Career
Banking
In 1984, Sarver founded the National Bank of Tucson (which he expanded statewide and changed the name to the National Bank of Arizona). In 1994, he sold the National Bank of Arizona, then the largest independent bank in the state, to Zions Bancorporation. In 1995, he acquired Grossmont Bank, one of San Diego's largest community banks. Grossmont was also sold to Zions Bancorporation in 1997. In 1998, Sarver led Zions Bancorporation's acquisition of Sumitomo Bank of California. In 2003, he became chairman of Western Alliance Bancorporation based in Phoenix.
Real estate development
In 1990, Sarver co-founded the real estate company Southwest Value Partners with Millard Seldin. In 1995, Southwest Value Partners purchased the Emerald Plaza in San Diego. In 2004, his jointly owned real estate firm, Southwest Value Partners, sold the Emerald Plaza and two other San Diego office buildings to Santa Ana real estate firm, Triple Net Properties, for $274.5 million.
Phoenix Suns
A lifelong sports fan, Sarver's quest to purchase an NBA team began with a conversation with University of Arizona basketball coach Lute Olson. Olson referred Sarver to Steve Kerr, a former player at Arizona and a 15-year NBA veteran, to assist him in buying an NBA franchise. In 2004, he purchased the Phoenix Suns for a then-record $401 million.
In 2020, Sarver and the Suns collaborated with Verizon on a state of the art, 53,000-square foot practice arena called the Verizon 5G Performance Center. The $45 million facility uses 5G technology to merge computer-aided motion analysis, player and ball tracking, and shot tracking to provide precise information to players and coaches. In 2021, Sarver and the Suns oversaw a $230 million renovation and expansion of Footprint Center, formerly known as Talking Stick Resort Arena. The renovations include ultra-modern amenities, premium seating options, themed bars, new suites, and additional social spaces. On top of the physical changes to the arena, there has been an overhaul to the game presentation including enhancements to sound, lighting and video systems. The modernization also included significant improvements to the arena's infrastructure.
In 2021, the Suns reached the NBA Finals for the first time since 1993. Despite strong play from their young core, the Suns eventually lost to the Bucks 4–2. Though overlooked as potential championship contenders at the start of the season after a previous decade of missing the playoffs, the Suns, built by Sarver, general manager James Jones, and coach Monty Williams, have quickly developed into one of the strongest organizations in the NBA.
Phoenix Mercury
Founded in 1997 by former Suns owner Jerry Colangelo, Sarver purchased the WNBA team alongside the Phoenix Suns in 2004. Of the original eight franchises created at the founding of the WNBA for the inaugural 1997 season, the Phoenix Mercury are one of only three remaining in the 12-team league (along with the New York Liberty and Los Angeles Sparks). Of the twelve WNBA teams, only five share the same majority owner as their NBA counterpart (Indiana Fever, Minnesota Lynx, New York Liberty, Phoenix Mercury, and Washington Mystics). Under Sarver's ownership, the Mercury have won three WNBA championships (2007, 2009, 2014) and won conference titles four times, including during the 2021 season (2007, 2009, 2014, 2021).
RCD Mallorca
In January 2016, Sarver bought football team RCD Mallorca, at the time in the Spanish second division, for €20 million. Under his poor management early on, the team was briefly demoted to the Segunda División B (the Spanish third division) for the 2017-18 season before returning to the second division the next season. RCD Mallorca returned to La Liga (the Spanish first division) during the 2019-20 season, though they returned to the Segunda División the following season. They have since returned to La Liga as of 2021 and have stayed there as of the 2023–24 season. Initially, Robert Sarver retained his ownership of the RCD Mallorca football team after losing his ownership rights to both Phoenix teams on February 7, 2023, and claimed to not sell his ownership to someone else. However, on July 1 of that year, Sarver let his ownership stake go to former tennis star and RCD Mallorca co-owner Andy Kohlberg, who holds majority ownership of the team going forward.
Controversies
Sarver has been criticized by employees and former employees, agents, and rival executives for his overly hands-on approach to business. He has been accused in one account "of being of an interventionist owner with more authority than expertise, a front office marred by instability, an understaffed scouting department, and a dated facility that isolates the decision-makers from the players and coaches".
On November 4, 2021, Sarver and the Suns were the subject of a report written by Baxter Holmes on ESPN, which accused Sarver and members of the front office of racist and misogynistic behavior, including allegedly announcing his preference for extra-large condoms at a staff meeting. The report was based on interviews with more than 70 employees and former employees of the Suns. Sarver and his legal team denied the vast majority of accusations, citing that there are only a handful of sources on the record and, while the reporter may have reached out to 70 employees, the article provided no evidence that all of them spoke negatively of the organization. Sarver and the Suns welcomed an NBA inquiry to clear up the allegations.
On September 13, 2022, the NBA fined Sarver the maximum $10 million and suspended him for one year in both the NBA and the WNBA after an independent investigation determined that he said "nigger" at least five times in public – four of those being told by subordinates afterward that he should not use the word – as well as conduct that included "unequal treatment of female employees; sex-related statements and conduct; and harsh treatment of employees that on occasion constituted bullying." During the 2022–23 season only, any actions that would normally have required Sarver (such as promoting James Jones from the Suns' general manager to their President of Basketball Operations), were executed by Suns vice chairman and minority owner Sam Garvin instead. NBA players and former NBA players, including LeBron James, Suns player Chris Paul, and Draymond Green, said that the punishment was too lenient. PayPal threatened to not renew its partnership with the Suns if Sarver remained as owner. Green asked for a league vote to terminate Sarver as a league owner. On September 21, Sarver announced he would begin the process of selling both the Suns and the Mercury. Sarver eventually accepted the purchase of both teams by United Wholesale Mortgage's CEO Mat Ishbia and his brother Justin for a record-high $4 billion purchasing price on December 20, 2022, with the move being made official on February 7, 2023. Despite no longer owning the Suns or Mercury teams, his suspensions for both the NBA & WNBA were still considered active until September 13, 2023, though Sarver disputed the rest of his suspension period as a result of his ownership ending.
Advocacy work
Opposition to Arizona SB-1070
In response to a 2010 Arizona Senate bill called the "Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act", colloquially known as SB-1070, which would make it a state misdemeanor crime for an undocumented person to be in Arizona and obligate police to make an attempt when practicable during a stop, detention or arrest to determine a person's immigration status, the Phoenix Suns adopted special "Los Suns" jerseys on Cinco De Mayo. Sarver also released a scathing rebuke of the law:
... [T]he result of passing this law is that our basic principles of equal rights and protection under the law are being called into question, and Arizona's already struggling economy will suffer even further setbacks at a time when the state can ill-afford them... I looked around our plane and looked at our players and the diversity in our organization. I thought we need to go on record that we honor our diversity in our team, in the NBA and we need to show support for that. As for the political part of that, that's my statement. There are times you need to stand up and be heard. I respect people's views on the other side but I just felt it was appropriate for me to stand up and make a statement.
Phoenix Suns Charities
In February 2023, Sarver and his wife donated $5 million to Phoenix Suns Charities, the largest single donation the organization has received. He also gave Suns team employees that have stayed with the organization for at least one year a bonus of $20,000 for each individual.
Personal life
In 1996, Sarver married Penny Sanders, a Kansas City, Missouri native; they live in Paradise Valley, Arizona, and have three sons named Max, Jake, and Zach.
References
1961 births
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
American Jews
American real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Jewish American sportspeople
Living people
National Basketball Association controversies
National Basketball Association executives
Phoenix Suns executives
Phoenix Suns owners
Phoenix Mercury owners
University of Arizona alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Sarver |
Șoseaua Kiseleff (Kiseleff Road) is a major road in Bucharest, Romania. Situated in Sector 1, the boulevard runs as a northward continuation of Calea Victoriei.
History
The road was created in 1832 by Pavel Kiselyov, the commander of the Russian occupation troops in Wallachia and Moldavia. The name was converted from Kiselyov to Kiseleff, using the French transliteration of Russian names at the time.
The area was not affected by the Ceaușima systematization plans and demolitions of Nicolae Ceaușescu, and has many pre-World War II residences.
Features
Victory Square (Piața Victoriei) and Free Press Square (Piața Presei Libere) stand at its two extreme points. The street has numerous museums, parks (Kiseleff Park and Herăstrău Park), grand residences, and the Arcul de Triumf along it between those end points.
Notable buildings
Notable buildings on Șoseaua Kiseleff include:
The Museum of the Romanian Peasant
The Geology Museum
The Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History
The Village Museum
The Elisabeta Palace, residence of Crown Princess Margareta
The , currently the headquarters of ING Bank Romania
The ; designed by architect Ion Mincu in 1892, it now houses the Casa Doina Restaurant.
The headquarters of the Social Democratic Party.
Also along Șoseaua Kiseleff one finds the embassies of Belarus,
Canada, Peru, and Russia, as well as the residence of the Ambassador of the United States to Romania.
References
External links
Streets in Bucharest | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98oseaua%20Kiseleff |
POBA is a non-profit, online arts community.
POBA may also refer to:
Professional Oversight Board for Accountancy, a former regulatory body of the UK Financial Reporting Council
Plain old balloon angioplasty, where the lumen stenosis of an artery has been treated by balloon dilatation only, without applying a stent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POBA%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Mayday, alternatively known as Air Crash Investigation(s) on Seven Network, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, alternatively known as Air Crash: Disaster Revealed on 5Select, and some Asian and European countries, and Air Emergency, Air Disasters, and Mayday: Air Disaster in the United States, is a Canadian documentary television program examining air crashes, near-crashes, hijackings, bombings, and other disasters. Mayday uses re-enactments and computer-generated imagery to reconstruct the sequence of events leading up to each disaster. In addition, survivors, aviation experts, retired pilots, and crash investigators are interviewed, to explain how the emergencies came about, how they were investigated, and how they might have been prevented.
Cineflix started production on , with a budget. In Canada itself, the program premiered on Discovery Channel Canada on 3 September 2003. Cineflix also secured deals with France 5, Discovery Channel, Canal D, TVNZ, Seven Network, Holland Media Group, and National Geographic Channel to take Mayday in 144 countries and 26 languages. The series was received well by critics and nominated for a number of awards. In 2010, Sharon Zupancic won a Gemini Award for her work on the season-seven episode, "Lockerbie Disaster", that depicts the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988. A University of New South Wales senior lecturer, Raymond Lewis, conducted a study on teaching strategy loosely based on the series. Lewis's results indicated using the strategy had "a positive effect on learning outcomes" for prospective pilots.
Hallmarks
The series features re-enactments, interviews, eyewitness testimony, computer-generated imagery, and in nearly all of the episodes, voice-actor readings of cockpit voice recorder (CVR) transcripts to reconstruct the sequence of events for the audience. Several passengers and crew members (whether they survived the incident or not) are picked and actors/actresses play the roles of those passengers and crew throughout the flight, usually starting from boarding of the flight. The flight routines in the air traffic control, cockpit, and cabin are recreated on screen starting from departure up to the moment of the emergency. At the moment of the emergency, external views of the aircraft from different angles are recreated to show the effect and what had happened to the aircraft. The responses and reactions of the passengers, crews, and air traffic control personnel leading up to the eventual crash or emergency landing are then recreated. Scenes in the cockpit and air traffic control centres are recreated using the transcript obtained from the CVR of the aircraft and other recordings made at the time.
Throughout the episodes, the victims (or the relatives and friends of the victims) are interviewed, adding further information about a case as it relates to them personally. In addition, aviation experts, retired pilots, and investigators are interviewed on the evidence and explain how these emergencies came about and how they could have been prevented.
Production and distribution
Cineflix started production for Mayday on , with a C$2.5 million budget, after Channel Five commissioned the six-part, one-hour series. To keep the costs down, most of the production was kept at Cineflix's offices in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. While in production, the series was sold to France 5, Discovery Channel, and Canal D. On , Cineflix announced that it had sold the series to TVNZ, Seven Network, and Holland Media Group. Later that year on , a month before the airing of the first season, Cineflix announced that it had secured a major international deal with National Geographic Channel to air Mayday in 144 countries and 26 languages.
In 2011, Smithsonian Networks aired season five, renamed Air Disasters, making it the first time in the United States that Mayday had aired on a channel other than National Geographic. On 25 January 2012, Cineflix Rights announced that it would be selling seasons 8, 9, and 11 (23 episodes) to Smithsonian Networks. On 28 March 2014, Cineflix Rights announced a deal with Smithsonian Networks to air seasons three, four, and 13 (34 episodes). Air Disasters is also available on Paramount Plus, which also carries some Smithsonian Networks programming.
In 2020, The Weather Channel in the United States began airing several episodes of the series under the title Mayday: Air Disaster.
Starting in 2021 and continuing to this day, the Wonder and On the Move YouTube channels (owned by Little Dot Studios, a subsidiary of All3Media) uploaded the first nine seasons of Mayday and the Crash of the Century special with the episodes in their full uncut versions and are available in all countries, with the exception of the United Kingdom, where they are geoblocked.
In the United States, the show's tenth and twelfth seasons are available for streaming online on free, advertiser-supported streaming services Tubi and Freevee under the title Mayday: Air Disasters, while the show's first season is also made available for streaming online on Amazon Prime Video, provided by MagellanTV, under the title MayDay: Air Disaster Investigations.
In the United Kingdom, from August 2022, 5Select began rebroadcasting Seasons 2 and 3 under the alternative name Air Crash: Disaster Revealed. These series had previously been owned by Channel 5 in the initial runs. From 7 October 2022, Sky History 2 will rebroadcast Season 1 using a slightly modified version of the name used by 5Select: Air Crash: Disaster Uncovered. In the Sky History 2 rebroadcasts, the episodes were edited to remove content in order to keep the episodes to 45 minutes in length (including advertising breaks), meaning some minor inconsequential scenes which would have no impact on the episode had been taken out. Some other notable changes occurred in the versions aired on 5Select, including:
The opening credits sequence used the name Mayday as is used in the United States, not Air Crash Investigation as is common in Europe and the UK.
A significant number of episodes have been edited to remove scenes deemed to be offensive or distressing, such as certain swear words, blood and gore, or anything deemed "excessively violent". In addition, episodes have also been edited to remove references to any interviews conducted with experts, relatives or survivors who have either chosen not to be included, cannot be included due to perceived association to a company they do not work for, or have died since airing.
Despite not being billed as Mayday episodes, the episodes in Season 3 titled as the spin-off show Crash Scene Investigation were broadcast, but incorrectly labelled as though they were, leading to EPG issues.
Episodes
As of February 2022, a total of 230 episodes of Mayday had been aired, including five Science of Disaster specials, three Crash Scene Investigation spin-offs, which do not examine aircraft crashes, and a sub-series labelled The Accident Files that aired four seasons.
Reception
The series has been well received by critics. Franck Tabouring from DVD Verdict said, "It's a well-produced show with plenty of compelling information about tragic accidents, telling how some people survived and others didn't."
The senior lecturer at the University of New South Wales, Raymond Lewis, conducted a study on teaching strategy loosely based on the series. The study was done with prospective pilots studying the "Aircraft Systems for Aviators" undergraduate course by including "study of air accidents and incidents associated with aircraft systems." The results of the study showed "the use of air accidents and incident scenarios had a positive effect on learning outcomes."
Awards and nominations
Overall, the series has been nominated for nine awards, winning two, both for film editing.
Home media
In 2009, Entertainment One released the complete first season of the show on DVD in Region 1 in Canada.
Shock Records has released Seasons 1–18 in Australia as a 48-disc set, coded NTSC, Region 4.
See also
Seconds From Disaster
Seismic Seconds
Blueprint for Disaster
Black Box
Why Planes Crash
Terror in the Skies
Notes
References
External links
Cineflix: Mayday
Cineflix: Mayday – Science of Disaster (Archive)
Cineflix: Crash of the Century
Mayday on Discovery Channel Canada
Air Crash Investigation on National Geographic Channel UK
Air Crash Investigation National Geographic Channel Australia
Air Disasters on Smithsonian Channel
2000s Canadian documentary television series
2010s Canadian documentary television series
2003 Canadian television series debuts
Canadian television docudramas
Television series by Cineflix
Discovery Channel (Canada) original programming
Documentary television series about aviation
English-language television shows
National Geographic (American TV channel) original programming
Television series by Bell Media
Television shows about aviation accidents or incidents
Television series featuring reenactments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayday%20%28Canadian%20TV%20series%29 |
The Slovak Zion Synod is a group of 20 Lutheran congregations and one of the 65 synods that make up the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. It is the only non-geographic synod in the ELCA, the only ELCA synod to have a congregation in Canada, and the only synod defined by its mission and outreach, instead of geography. The synod was founded by Slovak immigrants in 1919 as the Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Zion Synod and joined with the United Lutheran Church in America, remaining as a separate synod in that denomination. The policy continued when the ULCA merged into the Lutheran Church in America (1962) and later the ELCA (1988).
The synod has congregations in the states of Connecticut, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, and in Ontario, Canada.
The Rev. Wilma S. Kucharek is currently bishop of the Slovak Zion Synod, elected in 2002. She succeeded the Rev. Juan Čobrda (1993–2002) who succeeded the Rev. Kenneth E. Zindle. Kucharek was re-elected to a second term as bishop on June 28, 2008, to a third term on November 17, 2014, and to a fourth term on December 14, 2022, by the same governing body. As of 2023, Kucharek is the longest-serving female bishop in the ELCA.
Synod assemblies
Every year, the synod's largest legislative body convenes to govern the church body. The assembly typically consists of plenary sessions focused on business, enrichment and worship.
In the early 2000s, synod assemblies were held at many of the synod's own churches in order to establish a stronger relationship and understanding between the congregation and its own accomplishments through the greater church expressions of the Slovak Zion Synod and the ELCA. More recently, the assemblies have taken place on cruise ships because the cost was less than conventional meeting sites and lodging.
2002 - Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania
2003 - Ascension Lutheran Church, Binghamton, New York
2004 - Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Union, New Jersey
2005 - Ascension Lutheran Church, Binghamton, New York
2006 - Sts. Peter and Paul Lutheran Church, Hazleton, Pennsylvania
2007 - St. John the Evangelist Lutheran Church, Lansford, Pennsylvania
2008 - Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Union, New Jersey
2009 - Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Union, New Jersey
2010 - Aboard Carnival Glory from New York City to Saint John, New Brunswick
2011 - Aboard Carnival cruise ship from New York City to Saint John, New Brunswick
2013 - Aboard Carnival Pride from Baltimore to Orlando, Florida, and Nassau and Freeport in the Bahamas
2014 - Aboard the Carnival Dream from New Orleans to Key West, Florida to Freeport, New York
2016 - Aboard the Carnival Splendor from Miami to Montego Bay, Grand Cayman, and Cozumel
2018 - Aboard the Carnival Triumph from New Orleans to Cozumel and Progreso, Yucatán
2019 - Aboard the Carnival Magic from Ft. Lauderdale to Half Moon Cay, Grand Turk, and Amber Cove, Dominican Republic
2022 - Aboard the Norwegian Getaway from New York to Bermuda
References
External links
Official Website of the Slovak Zion Synod
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America synods
Slovak-American history
Culture of Slovakia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak%20Zion%20Synod |
The North Dakota State Penitentiary is a part of the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and is located in Bismarck, North Dakota. As of January 2013 the prison population stood at a record level of 1,550 inmates.
Notable inmates
Mohamed Noor, former Minneapolis police officer
References
Prisons in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Bismarck, North Dakota
1884 establishments in Dakota Territory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Dakota%20State%20Penitentiary |
Photo instrumentation refers to recording information of a diagnostic nature via a photographic process. The information recorded is usually used to determine the motion of a particular object through the camera's field of view. The camera is typically a high-speed still camera, or motion picture and video cameras, or other specialized devices.
Applications
One of today's most common applications is the car crash test. Measurements of the object's position in successive pictures provide the object's motion. The time interval between the pictures is also known, and so the object's speed and direction can be determined. Information on the object's motion, combined with its known physical characteristics, such as size and weight, allows calculation of many parameters including velocity and force for any desired points within the image. The motion of individual elements of an object can also be determined. The "photo instrumentation" provides both quantitative (numeric) and qualitative (descriptive) information that helps the observer understand the event.
Similar techniques have been used to study how hummingbirds hover.
Instrumentation
Cameras range from conventional single picture cameras to 'movie cameras' that take over 2 million pictures per second. Specialized optics, illuminations, and films are used to record images of things that the eye cannot see such as movement of air, surface temperature of objects, and stress patterns. Cameras can be used in environments where humans cannot go.
References
Photographic processes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo%20instrumentation |
Matthew Hutton may refer to:
Matthew Hutton (archbishop of York) (1529–1606), Archbishop of York
Matthew Hutton (MP) (1597–1666), English politician
Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury) (1693–1758), Archbishop of both York and later Canterbury | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Hutton |
Soul-Crusher is the debut studio album by American rock band White Zombie, released independently in November 1987 by Silent Explosion. It was the band's second and final release with Tom "Five" Guay on guitar. Building off the sound established on Psycho-Head Blowout, the band matured its sound while placing further emphasis on the individual roles of its players. The album caught the attention of major labels and in 1988 was adopted and re-issued by Caroline Records.
Despite its initially limited release and the band's relatively unknown status, the album gained the admiration of musicians such as Kurt Cobain, Iggy Pop, and Thurston Moore. Professional music critics occasionally list it as being a landmark noise rock album and a highlight of the band's career.
Recording
The band entered the studio to record Soul-Crusher only three months after the release of their EP, Psycho-Head Blowout. They decided to recruit Wharton Tiers, who had previously been associated with noise rock bands such as Pussy Galore and Sonic Youth, to produce and engineer the record. This marked the first time White Zombie had worked with a producer on any of their releases. The members of White Zombie claimed to have been more pleased with the production of Soul-Crusher than any other previous recording and praised Tiers for giving them creative freedom during the recording process. However, Sean stated that, "We really do need more direction sometimes. We know what we want, but we're pretty inexperienced in the studio." Rob also expressed his dislike for the way the band sounded, noting that the equipment used in the recording sessions was of poor quality.
Music and lyrics
Soul-Crusher continued to develop the punk-like noise rock style of its predecessor. The record's sound has been described as "Beefheart in painfully tight trousers trying to scream his way over Sonic Youth and The Birthday Party playing different songs in the same room." Sean has cited The Cramps, The Birthday Party, Flipper, Butthole Surfers, and Black Flag as primary influences to the band during this time. She said, "I would write bass riffs that were very driving and tribal with Ivan’s drums, very Birthday Party and Butthole Surfers-influenced. Then sometimes we would just tell Tom to go nuts and make some noise!". Guay also created entire tracks of guitar feedback and noise, which didn't relate to any of the songs, that the band would proceed to layer over the album. Rob would usually work out the lyrics and vocal arrangement after the music had already been written, sometimes even waiting until the band was in the studio to finish the song. He felt that the band had finally solidified into a unit and that the record perfectly showcased their sound during that era more so than anything else they had recorded before, although he was very critical of the band's music and the noise rock genre at the time, going as far as to say:
Rob recorded a variety of television and movie dialogue and sound effects to use on the album. This would become a characteristic that White Zombie would be known for on their later albums, especially on their Geffen releases.
Release and packaging
Soul-Crusher was first issued on vinyl by the band's independent label Silent Explosion before the band was subsequently signed to Caroline Records and the album was repressed. Each label produced two-thousand copies on vinyl, making the record a much sought-after rarity among collectors. The album remained out-of-print for nearly two decades until making its CD debut on the 2008 anthology Let Sleeping Corpses Lie. In 2016, it was re-issued on CD and vinyl in the anthology It Came from N.Y.C., with remastered audio courtesy of guitarist Jay Yuenger.
The concept for the front and back cover was conceived by Rob in sketch form and executed by Michael Lavine, who had previously worked with White Zombie on Psycho-Head Blowout. It is a single photograph of the band, which continues from the front to the back of the record, that was montaged in a darkroom. Sean mistakenly used the wrong color for the logo and titles, turning what was originally intended to be blood-red into hot pink lettering.
Critical reception
{{Album reviews
| rev1 = AllMusic
|rev1Score =
| rev3 = Pitchfork
|rev3score = (8.4/10)
|rev7 = The Village Voice|rev7Score = D+
}}
The reception of the album, at the time, was somewhat positive, with significant amount of praise was directed at Rob's esoteric lyrical contributions. In her book I'm in the Band, Sean recalled that "critics seemed to enjoy Rob's psychotic lyrics, so much so that their entire review would try to emulate his style, which was entertaining". Billy Lucas and David Stubbs of Melody Maker Magazine praised the artwork, lyrics, "slammer guitars", and "scrawling vocals" on the album. Sounds gave the album three out of five stars; the reviewer citing that the album contained "no melody, little arrangement, just a cacophony of unlovely, forbidding noise that bloodies the nose of rock 'n' roll".
Iggy Pop was an admirer of the album and listed it as one of his favorite records of 1988 in the "Readers and Critics Poll" for Rolling Stone. Pop later recorded a guest vocal for the band's 1992 single "Black Sunshine". In a retrospective review, Bradley Torreano of AllMusic awarded it 4 out of 5 stars, praising the lyrics and deeming it "a prime slab of noise rock that has aged shockingly well" and that "Zombie fans might not even like this that much, but no less of an authority than Kurt Cobain himself pointed to this period in their career as one of his biggest influences".
The album, however, has not gone without criticism. Sean noted that "people either loved or hated it – or were full of self-loathing and loved to be tortured by it". Creem described Soul-Crusher as the "most obnoxious sound of the year" and that "no one in the black concert T is ever gonna like White Zombie".
Tour
The band began touring outside the northeast for the first time after the re-release of Soul-Crusher on Caroline Records in 1988. They would open for bands like the Circle Jerks, but received mostly lukewarm responses from the crowds. However, their shows were received positively by critics, who described the band's onstage presence as an "aural and visual onslaught of vicious, shambling noise". It would be a brief tour as the band would enter the studio later that year to record Make Them Die Slowly.
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the Soul-Crusher'' liner notes.
White Zombie
Rob Zombie (as Rob Straker) – vocals, illustrations, design
Tom Guay (as Tom Five) – guitar
Sean Yseult – bass guitar, design
Ivan de Prume – drums
Production and additional personnel
Michael Lavine – cover art, photography
Wharton Tiers – production, engineering
White Zombie – production
Release history
References
External links
White Zombie (band) albums
1987 debut albums
Caroline Records albums
Albums produced by Wharton Tiers
Noise rock albums by American artists
Self-released albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul-Crusher |
Caspar Barlaeus (February 12, 1584 – January 14, 1648) was a Dutch polymath and Renaissance humanist, a theologian, poet, and historian.
Life
Born Caspar (Kaspar) van Baerle in Antwerp, Barlaeus' parents fled the city when it was occupied by Spanish troops shortly after his birth. They settled in Zaltbommel, where his father eventually would become head of the Latin school. Caspar studied theology and philosophy at the University of Leiden. After his study, he preached for 1.5 years in the village of Nieuwe-Tonge, before returning to Leiden in 1612 as an under-regent of a college. From 1617 he also was professor in philosophy at the university. Because of his remonstrant sympathies, he was forced out of this job in 1619. He then studied and graduated in medicines (in Caen), but never practiced professionally.
From 1631, he was professor of philosophy and rhetoric at the Amsterdam Athenaeum, Athenaeum Illustre), which is commonly regarded as the predecessor of the University of Amsterdam; the Athenaeum had its seat in the fourteenth-century Agnietenkapel. In January 1632, Barlaeus, along with Gerard Vossius, held his inaugural speech at the Amsterdam Atheneum. Barlaeus later encouraged Martinus Hortensius to lecture –and give an inaugural speech- at the same Institution. One of his huge patrons was Amsterdam burgomaster Andries de Graeff.
Barlaeus suffered from mental illness including the delusion that he was made of glass (the Glass delusion) though Gill Speak refers to his glass delusion as ‘unsubstantiated’.
Writings
Barlaeus published many volumes of poetry, particularly Latin poetry. He also wrote the eulogy that accompanies the 1622 portrait of cartographer Willem Blaeu.
Barlaeus was involved in various aspects of cartography and history. He translated Antonio de Herrera's Description of the West Indies in 1622. In 1627, Barlaeus provided the text for the atlas of Italy created by Jodocus Hondius. In 1647, he wrote an account of the Dutch colonial empire in Brazil, inspired by the leadership of John Maurice of Nassau (Johan Maurits) at Recife. The Rerum per octennium in Brasilia et alibi nuper gestarum sub praefectura, as it is called, contains numerous maps and plates of the region. The engravings of Brazilian northeastern locales, fleets, battles, and maps were for 160 years the main references to Brazilian landscapes available in Europe, and are well known by Brazilians today as the most important examples of pre-national art. Franciscus Plante wrote a similar work in the same year called Mauritias, and included the maps already published in Barlaeus' work. These were maps of Ceará, Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Pernambuco Borealá. Plante also incorporated a portrait of John Maurice that had already been included in Barlaeus' work.
In 1638, Barlaeus wrote Medicea Hospes, sive descriptio publicae gratulationis, qua ... Mariam de Medicis, excepit senatus populusque Amstelodamensis. Published by Willem Blaeu, it includes two large folding engraved views of the ceremonies on the occasion of the French queen mother Marie de Medici's triumphal entry into Amsterdam in 1638. Considered an important moment in Dutch history, Marie's visit lent de facto international recognition of the newly formed Dutch Republic. Marie de Medici actually traveled to the Netherlands as exile, but spectacular displays and water pageants took place in the city's harbor in celebration of her visit. There was a procession led by two mounted trumpeters; a large temporary structure erected on an artificial island in the Amstel River was built especially for the festival. This building was designed to display a series of dramatic tableaux in tribute to her once she set foot on the floating island and entered its pavilion.
Death and legacy
Barlaeus died at Amsterdam. Franciscus Plante wrote Barlaeus' obituary and epitaph in 1648.
Barlaeus Gymnasium, in Amsterdam, is named after him. There is a in both Amsterdam and .
Works
Manes Auriaci (1625)
Hymnus ad Christum (1628)
Poemata (1628)
Medicea hospes (1638)
Faces augustae (1643)
Rerum in Brasilia et alibi gestarum (1647)
Verscheyde Nederduytsche gedichten (1651)
Mercator sapiens, sive Oratio de coniungendis mercaturae et philosophiae studiis
References
Sources
Barron Maps, barron.co.uk
Barlaeus: Bibliographia (full bibliography), let.leidenuniv.nl
Biography and Works: Caspar Barlaeus, dbnl.org
Barlaeus Poemata (full index and texts of Barlaeus' poetry), let.leidenuniv.nl
Plante's obituary and epitaph, let.leidenuniv.nl
Festival Books, libraries.rutgers.edu
Historia naturalis Brasiliae, pernambuco.com
External links
The Correspondence of Caspar van Baarle in EMLO
1584 births
1648 deaths
17th-century Dutch poets
17th-century writers in Latin
Colonial Brazil
17th-century Dutch historians
17th-century Dutch physicians
Dutch male poets
17th-century Dutch Calvinist and Reformed ministers
Dutch Renaissance humanists
Leiden University alumni
Academic staff of Leiden University
Muiderkring
Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
Dutch Golden Age writers
People from Zaltbommel
Arminian theologians
Arminian writers
Remonstrants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar%20Barlaeus |
The lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris), the Mexican snapper, redtail snapper or spot snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean.
Taxonomy
The lane snapper was first formally described in 1758 as Sparus synagris by Carolus Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae with the type locality given as America septentrionali, i.e. the Bahamas. The specific name synagris is an Ancient Greek name for the common dentex (Dentex dentex) which the lane snapper was thought to be similar to.
Description
The lane snapper has an oblong, compressed body. It has a sharply pointed snout, With a pair of front and a pair of rear nostrils which are simple holes, it has a relatively large mouth with a moderately protrusible upper jaw which has most of its length below the cheek bone when the mouth is shut., Each jaw has one or more rows of sharp, conical teeth with a few of these being enlarged to form canines. The vomerine teeth are arranged in an anchor shaped patch of teeth with a short rearwards extension along the middle of the palate and there is a pair of tooth patches ar either side of the palate. The preopercle is serrated, and has a weakly developed incision and knob. It has a continuous dorsal fin which has 10 spines and 12-13 soft rays, with a slight incision sometimes visible between the spines and soft rays, the anal fin has 3 spines and 8-9 soft rays. It has relatively short pectoral fins which do not extend as far as the anus and contain 15-16 fin rays. The caudal fin is emarginate. This fish attains a maximum total length of , although is more typical, and the maximum published weight is . This species has two colour phases, a deep-water phase which is darker and more distinctive than the colour of the shallow-water resting phase. In both phases the upper flanks and the back are pink to red with a green tint on the back. The lower flanks and abdomen are silver with a yellow hue. There are 3-4 yellow stripes on the head which extend from the snout to the eye, The flanks are marked with 8-10 yellow to pink longitudinal stripes, with a further 3-4 underneath the front dorsal fin ray. They have an indistinct black spot underneath the soft rayed part of the dorsal fin. The fins are may be yellow to red.
Distribution and habitat
The lane snapper is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean where it occurs as far north as North Carolina and Bermuda south through the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, along the coast of South America as far south as Santa Catarina, Brazil. It occurs over reefs and sandy bottoms with algae or sea grass at depths between . The juveniles live in sheltered inshore waters.
Biology
Lane snapper are sedentary, staying in a home range, after they have become adult except when spawning.
Feeding
Lane snappers are opportunistic, nocturnal predators feeding on a diverse range of animals. Known prey includes smaller fishes, cephalopods, gastropods, and crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs.
Reproduction
Lane snapper form spawning aggregations, off Cuba these aggregations are found from March until September, peaking in activity in July and August. Off Puerto Rico spawning reaches its zenith in May. They are broadcast spawners, the fertilised eggs drift on the currents and hatch after 23 hours. The larvae are little known but settle at a length of about .
Predators
The lane snapper is preyed upon by larger fishes and sharks.
Fisheries and conservation
The lane snapper is prized for its tasty, white meat, which is sold in supermarkets throughout Mexico. Lane snapper are more typically caught in shallower waters than many other snappers, most commonly yellowtail snapper and gray snapper. Larger specimens can be found in somewhat deeper waters, but are typically less plentiful. The consumption of its flesh has been known to result in cases of ciguatera poisoning.
Lane snapper are caught with beach seines, boat seines, traps, handlines, and bottom trawls. Shrimp fisheries take for a large portion of the total catch of this snapper, due to the juveniles preference for soft bottom s with high populations of shrimps.
The lane snapper stocks have shown steep declines as a result of overfishing in much of its range. For this reason the IUCN have assessed this species as Near Threatened.
References
External links
lane snapper
Fish of the Caribbean
lane snapper
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane%20snapper |
Jan Jansson may refer to:
Jan Janssonius, (1588 - 1664), also known as Jan Jansson and Jan Janszoon, Dutch cartographer who lived and worked in Amsterdam in the 17th century
Jan Jansson (footballer) (born 1968), Swedish footballer
See also
Jan Jansen (disambiguation)
Jan Jansohn, guitarist
Jan Janssen (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Jansson |
Mary Redmond (1863 – 16 January 1930) was an Irish sculptor born in Nenagh, County Tipperary in 1863, and then raised in Ardclough, County Kildare, where her father came to work in the limestone quarries.
Early life
At school in Ardclough she modelled the soft clay from a sinkhole near her home into clay figures. At the age of nine she was sent to live in Dublin to attend Primary school. While there she worked in the studio of Thomas Farrell where she created her first work ‘a hand on a cushion’. She was accepted into the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art where she studied drawing and painting, though she was drawn to working with clay.
Career
Her most famous work, a statue of Father Mathew in Dublin's O’Connell Street was inaugurated in 1893 (or 1891 ) (8 February). She won a contest to create the sculpture, an achievement for a woman artist at the time. According to Nora J Murray’s article in Capuchin Annual (1932) the male model for the Father Mathew statue took the concept of getting plastered a little too far, was dismissed for drunkenness and was later convicted for vandalising her work.
Works
Amongst her other works were a bust of Gladstone, modelled at his home; a bust of Edmund Dwyer Gray (of which thirty repeats were made) a presentation shield to Lord Wolseley and a memorial bust of William Martin.
Later life and death
Redmond married Dr W Dunn, from Florence, in London in 1893. They moved to Italy and lived near Galileo’s tower in Florence. She died there on 16 January 1930.
References
1863 births
1930 deaths
People from Nenagh
Artists from County Kildare
20th-century Irish sculptors
19th-century Irish sculptors
19th-century Irish women artists
20th-century Irish women artists
Expatriates in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Redmond |
The climatic spa (Luftkurort) of Thalfang is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Thalfang am Erbeskopf.
Geography
Location
The municipality lies in the western Hunsrück on the Hunsrückhöhenstraße (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring’s orders), some 7 km northwest of the Erbeskopf. Thalfang lies roughly 25 km southeast of Wittlich and 25 km east of Trier. Through the municipality flows the Thalfanger Bach.
Constituent communities
Thalfang’s only outlying Ortsteil is Bäsch.
History
In 632, Thalfang had its first documentary mention. Beginning in the 12th century, Thalfang belonged to the Mark Dhronecken.
On a map of the Archbishopric of Trier from 1645, the village is shown as Thalfinck.
Only under French rule was the Mark Dhronecken dissolved, and the Mayoralties (Mairies) of Talling and Thalfang came into being. To the Mayoralty of Thalfang also belonged the villages of Bäsch, Burtscheid, Deuselbach, Dhronecken, Etgert, Hilscheid, Immert, Malborn, Rorodt and a place called Röderbach, which was forsaken about 1900. However, only 19 years later, once the Prussians held sway in the region, the Mayoralties of Talling and Thalfang were united into an entity called the Amt of Thalfang. Since 1947, Thalfang has belonged to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 7 June 1969, the Ortsgemeinde of Bäsch was amalgamated with Thalfang. In the years from 1969 to 1972, the Ortsgemeinden of Gräfendhron, Horath, Merschbach, Büdlich, Breit and Heidenburg were grouped together with Thalfang to form the Verbandsgemeinde of Thalfang am Erbeskopf.
Among other historical events it might be noted that Erich Honecker, later the East German leader, worked as a roofer in the 1920s during the construction of what was then to be the new town hall.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Coat of arms
The municipality's arms might be described thus: Argent a cross abased and to dexter gules, surmounting the centre of which two salmon addorsed of the field between four crosses Or, in sinister chief, an arched church gateway with gates closed sable.
The red cross on the silver field refers to the former allegiance to the Electorate of Trier. The two salmon among the four golden crosses are drawn from the arms formerly borne by the Counts of Salm (Salm means “salmon” in German). They refer to Count Ernst, the only one of the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves from this family who is buried at the graveyard in Thalfang; the salmon motif is also carved into his gravestone. The Rost (“grille”), the way into the churchyard, stands as a symbol for the oldest building in Thalfang.
Economy and infrastructure
Established businesses
Thalfang is headquarters to the Hochwald Nahrungsmittel-Werke (“foodworks”), the biggest commercial enterprise in the Trier region and one of Germany's biggest dairy businesses.
Transport
Thalfang lies on the Hunsrückhöhenstraße between Hermeskeil and Morbach.
Tourism
The idyllic location and the proximity to tourist destinations such as the Moselle, Trier and the Erbeskopf, as well as the relatively short distance to Luxembourg and France, make Thalfang a popular holiday destination.
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Thalfang's foremost son is the rabbi and philosopher Samuel Hirsch (1815-1889). The German engineer and chemist Wilhelm Kathol died in Thalfang in 1944.
References
External links
Municipality’s official webpage
Bernkastel-Wittlich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalfang |
The State House, located in Roseau, is the official residence of the president of Dominica. Previously it was used as the official residence of the colonial governors of Dominica.
The residence of the British governors of the island, and for a time the French, is situated on a low hill to the south of the commercial center of Roseau. Written accounts from the 1790s make mention of various plants and an avenue of trees in the grounds of Government House. The gardens here have suffered periodically from hurricanes. Many fine trees were destroyed by the main storms of the 20th century in 1916, 1930 and 1979.
Sir William Young was sworn in as governor of Dominica on 14 November 1770. He was responsible for among other things, directing the construction of the first Government House which he built near the Fort Young.
Once the official residence of the Queen's representative, the building has been the home to the president of Dominica since independence in 1978.
See also
Government Houses of the British Empire
References
Official residences in Dominica
Presidential residences
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
Roseau
Dominica–United Kingdom relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20House%2C%20Dominica |
John James Wymer, (5 March 1928 – 10 February 2006) was a British archaeologist and one of the leading experts on the Palaeolithic period.
Biography
Born near Kew Gardens in Surrey, Wymer was introduced to archaeology by his parents who would take him to gravel pits to search for ancient sites. He trained as a teacher but spent his spare time pursuing his passion for archaeology and never took a formal qualification in the discipline. In 1948 he married is first wife, Paula May, with whom he had five children.
He made his name in the field in July 1955 when at the age of 27 and still working as an amateur, he found the third piece of the oldest human skull in the British Isles while investigating the quarries at Swanscombe in Kent. This 400,000-year-old piece fitted with two previously found fragments and is part of the skull of Swanscombe Man, who is now considered to be a specimen of homo heidelbergensis.
In 1956 he took a job at Reading Museum which permitted him to devote more time to his enthusiastic lifelong interest in the study of handaxes and their makers. He helped redesign the galleries, wrote a description of the Moulsford gold torc and undertook an excavation at the classic Mesolithic site at Thatcham. In 1968 he published his first major work, Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain as represented by the Upper Thames Valley.
To gain wider experience Wymer, at the suggestion of the palaeontologist Louis Leakey, approached Ronald Singer, an anatomist, about working in South Africa. They worked together at Elandsfontein and Klasies River. At Elandsfontein Wymer's excavation of Cutting 10 located a localised grouping dominated by 49 large sharp Acheulian bifaces after Singer had previously found the 'Saldanha Man' skull. With Ronald Singer, a South African then at the University of Chicago, they exposed a remarkable stratigraphic sequence of more than 20m thick at Klasies River by digging a trench through the site. This spanned the entire Middle and Late Stone Age. He left South Africa suddenly in 1968.
On his return to England he worked at Hoxne, Sproughton, and Clacton. In 1976 he married his second wife, Mollie Spurling, after the dissolution of his first marriage in 1972. He lectured at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, writing The Palaeolithic Age (1982) and Palaeolithic Sites in East Anglia (1985). Later he worked for the Norfolk Archaeological Unit excavating sites from all periods.
In the 1990s, together with Wessex Archaeology he was commissioned by English Heritage to map and assess the known Palaeolithic sites across Britain. The published two volume The Lower Palaeolithic Occupation of Britain (1999) has become the key reference work for the period. Clive Gamble described it as archaeology's equivalent of Pevsener's The Buildings of England in providing the foundation stone for future study in the field.
Just before his death, he was closely involved in discoveries at Pakefield that put human occupation north of the Alps back by 200,000 years to c. 700,000 BP.
He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1963 and was also a Fellow of the British Academy as well as Secretary of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History from 1977 to 1984, a Vice-President from 1985 and its President from 2001. In 1998 a festschrift was published in his honour. In 2002 the British Academy awarded him its Clark Medal for Prehistoric Archaeology. His honorary doctorate was awarded by the University of Reading in recognition of his decades of scholarship.
He is remembered by the archaeological community for his approachability, concision and enthusiasm as well as his exquisite technical drawings. Outside the field, he enjoyed real ale and playing the piano, with an especial fondness for the boogie-woogie style of Jimmy Yancey.
References
Sources
Eastern Daily Press obituary
Gamble, C, John Wymer Independent obituary p 38, 17 March 2006
Daily Telegraph obituary
Pitts, M, John Wymer Guardian obituary
See also
The J.J.Wymer Archive
List of fossil sites (with link directory)
List of hominina (hominid) fossils (with images)
1928 births
2006 deaths
English archaeologists
People from Kew, London
People from Reading, Berkshire
Academics of the University of East Anglia
Recipients of the Grahame Clark Medal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Wymer |
Matthew Hutton (3 January 1693 – 18 March 1758) was a high churchman in the Church of England, serving as Archbishop of York (1747–1757) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1757–1758).
Early life and education
Hutton was born at Marske near Richmond in Yorkshire, the second son of John Hutton of Marske (great-great-grandson of Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of York 1595–1606) and his wife Dorothy, daughter of William Dyke.
He was educated at Ripon Grammar School and Jesus College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1710, graduating B.A. 1714, M.A. 1717. He was a fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, from 1717 to 1727, and graduated D.D. (comitia regia) in 1728.
At Cambridge he was an exact contemporary of Thomas Herring, whom he succeeded in each of his three bishoprics.
Ordained ministry
Hutton became a royal chaplain to George II in 1736. In 1737 he was appointed Canon of the second stall at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, a position he held until 1739. He became Rector of Trowbridge and of Spofforth, in Yorkshire, and held prebends at York and Westminster.
Episcopal ministry
In 1743 he became Bishop of Bangor, and in 1747, Archbishop of York, before finally, in 1757, becoming Archbishop of Canterbury, but died the next year without having ever lived in Lambeth Palace.
Suspected discovery of his coffin
In 2016, during the refurbishment of the Garden Museum, which is housed at the medieval church of St Mary-at-Lambeth, 30 lead coffins were found; one with an archbishop's red and gold mitre on top of it. Two archbishops were identified from nameplates on their coffins; with church records revealing that a further three archbishops, including Hutton, were likely to be buried in the vault.
References
1693 births
1758 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Archbishops of Canterbury
Archbishops of York
18th-century Anglican archbishops
Bishops of Bangor
Doctors of Divinity
Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
People educated at Ripon Grammar School
Canons of Westminster
People from Richmondshire (district)
People from Ravensworth
Burials at St Mary-at-Lambeth
Canons of Windsor
18th-century Welsh Anglican bishops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Hutton%20%28archbishop%20of%20Canterbury%29 |
The North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (DOCR) provides prison services for the state of North Dakota. The Division of Field Services supervises parolees through 14 field offices. DOCR also has a Division of Juvenile Services providing supervision and case management of delinquent youth of the state. The agency has its headquarters in Bismarck.
The director of the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation is
Dave Krabbenhoft.
Facilities
The department has four different adult prisons in the state of North Dakota Below:
605 inmates at North Dakota State Penitentiary - Bismarck
417 inmates at James River Correctional Center - Jamestown
162 inmates at Dakota Women's Correctional and Rehabilitation Center - New England
89 inmates at Missouri River Correctional Center - Bismarck
Division of Juvenile Services
The Division of Juvenile Services (DJS) provides juvenile correctional services. The agency operates the North Dakota Youth Correctional Center and maintains eight regional community offices. The North Dakota Youth Correctional Center is partially in Mandan and partially in unincorporated Morton County.
The housing units include:
Brown Cottage - 16 beds - for females
Hickory Cottage - 35 beds - for males
Pine Cottage - 25 beds - for males
Brown Cottage - Brown Cottage is a 16-bed structure housing female juveniles for Detention, Assessment and Treatment.
Hickory Cottage - Hickory Cottage is a 35-bed structure housing male treatment status juveniles. A Mental Health Specialist, a Nurse Practitioner, a dentist office, nurse's offices and a medical examination room is located on the lower level of Hickory Cottage. An Intensive Outpatient Drug and Alcohol Treatment Program is also located on the lower level of this cottage.
Pine Cottage - Pine Cottage is a 25-bed structure housing male juveniles. Cottage staff provide a variety of programs including Assessment, Detention, Time Out, and Special Management. Additionally, this cottage houses high risk or high maintenance male juveniles. It also serves as the intake cottage for all new male admissions.
Fallen officers
Since the establishment of the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, two officers have died in the line of duty.
Reform
In 2015, several North Dakota legislators, judges and prison officials flew to Norway and visited Halden Prison. Halden is often called the "most humane prison in the world" and was visited to see how to reform North Dakota state prisons to lower recidivism rates and decrease the number of fights in their prisons. North Dakota's DOC has since established softball fields and encouraged vocational training for prisoners at North Dakota State Penitentiary. Solitary confinement has been reduced to only be a few days at a time rather than a maximum time in solitary of a year
See also
List of United States state correction agencies
List of law enforcement agencies in North Dakota
Prison
References
External links
DOCR website
Rough Rider Industries website
State corrections departments of the United States
State law enforcement agencies of North Dakota
Juvenile detention centers in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Dakota%20Department%20of%20Corrections%20and%20Rehabilitation |
Wild Chicago is a television series that aired on Chicago's WTTW (a local PBS affiliate) from 1989 to 2003. The show took viewers on a trip through Chicago's "urban jungle", highlighting hundreds of offbeat and unusual people, places, and events in the metropolitan area. Subjects included the Chicago Herpetological Society; singing taxicab drivers; flotation tanks; an Ancient Astronaut society; the Inkin' Lincoln Tattoo and Piercing Jamboree; an interstate pierogi festival; a squirrel lovers' club; the Playboy Advisor; a cookie jar museum; and the Polka Music Hall of Fame.
Wild Chicago was created by Ben Hollis and John Davies. The series won numerous local Emmy Awards over the course of its run, as did several of the show's hosts. Emmy Award winners for their individual work include Hollis, the show's original host, and his replacements upon taking an extended hiatus in 1992, Laura Meagher and Will Clinger. After two years, Meagher left the show to work for Fox Television.
After Ben's departure in 1992, Harvey Moshman, the original editor of the series, became the series producer for the remaining 11 seasons. The show continued with Will Clinger as host and a number of "Wild Correspondents". They included local actors Mindy Bell, Cassy Harlo, Tava Smiley, Sarah Vetter, Denise La Grassa, Choky Lim, Aaron Shure, and Dick O'Day (portrayed by Richard Knight, Jr.—the show's only correspondent to appear in character). The new slate of correspondents continued to win individual Emmys as did the show itself.
In addition to the regular series, Moshman produced several Road Trip episodes to destinations including Tokyo, The Indy 500, The Kentucky Derby, Atlanta, Hong Kong, Branson, Las Vegas, and The Wisconsin Dells as well as the studio-based "12 on 11" Anniversary Special, an overdue celebration of the show's 10th anniversary, that Clinger emceed. The extravaganza accounts for one of more than a dozen local Emmy awards the show received. The anniversary celebration also featured appearances by Ben Hollis & John Davies and many of the show's unusual performers including Midnight Circus, The Rope Warrior, and Mark Faje-the Human Salad Shooter.
The series ran continuously for 14 years on WTTW until 2003. After being off the air for over two years, Wild Chicago made a brief return in spring 2006 with a seven-part special called Wild Chicago's Illinois Road Trip. This final incarnation of the show was hosted Ben Hollis and feature ghost tours in Alton and a Beatles-themed bed and breakfast in Benton, among other Illinois oddities.
In 1990, a segment of the program entitled Dumb Questions features then-Northwestern University student Stephen Colbert and his friend Paul Dinello.
In 2016, Moshman and Clinger paired up to create Wild Travels, now seen on PBS stations in 170 markets across 48 states.
References
External links
WTTW.com–Wild Chicago
Television series by WTTW
1989 American television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
1980s American documentary television series
1990s American documentary television series
2000s American documentary television series
English-language television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Chicago |
Kirk Alan Triplett (born March 29, 1962) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour, Nationwide Tour, and PGA Tour Champions.
Early years
Born in Moses Lake, Washington, Triplett grew up on the Palouse in Pullman and graduated from Pullman High School He accepted a golf scholarship to the University of Nevada and earned a degree in civil engineering. Triplett became a golf professional in 1985 and played on tours in Australia, Asia, and Canada. He qualified for the U.S. Open in 1986 and 1987, but missed the cuts.
PGA Tour
In his fourth attempt, Triplett earned his PGA Tour card in December 1989 at the qualifying tournament near Houston, and was a rookie in 1990. He won three events during his career: the Nissan Open in 2000, the Reno-Tahoe Open in 2003, and the Chrysler Classic of Tucson in 2006. He was also a runner-up five times: Houston Open (1992), Buick Invitational (1995), John Deere Classic (2000), Michelob Championship at Kingsmill (2001), and Bay Hill Invitational (2003).
A member of the Presidents Cup team in 2000, Triplett claimed three wins and halved in singles as the U.S. won His career best Official World Golf Ranking was 25th in June 2000.
Triplett's best result in a major championship was a tie for sixth at the Masters, in 2001 and 2004. The latter included a hole in one, late in the fourth round at the par-3 16th (Redbud); in the preceding pairing ten minutes earlier, Pádraig Harrington had also aced it.
Nationwide Tour
In 2009, Triplett finished outside the top 150 on the money list and lost his PGA Tour playing card. On the Nationwide Tour in 2011, he won the News Sentinel Open at age 49 to become that tour's oldest winner ever.
PGA Tour Champions
Eligible to play on the Champions Tour in 2012 after March 29, Triplett won in his eighth attempt on July 9, at the Nature Valley First Tee Open at Pebble Beach. He entered the final round four strokes behind, but shot a final round 66 to surge through the pack and prevail by two strokes over Mark McNulty. The win made him the sixth player to win on all the PGA Tour sponsored tours (PGA Tour, Web.com Tour, and Champions Tour). He successfully defended the title in 2013 for his second Champions Tour win.
Triplett shot a tournament record 9-under-par at the Principal Charity Classic at West Glen Oaks Country Club in Des Moines, Iowa. Through December 2018, he has six wins on the PGA Tour Champions.
Triplett is also part owner of a hole in one insurance company called Hole In One International in conjunction with President/CEO Mark Gilmartin.
In March 2019, Triplett won the Hoag Classic in Newport Beach, California in a playoff over Woody Austin. Playing the par-5 18th hole at Newport Beach Country Club for the third time on the final day of the tournament, Triplett holed an 18-foot eagle putt for his seventh PGA Tour Champions victory.
In September 2019, Triplett won the PURE Insurance Championship at Pebble Beach Golf Links in a playoff over Billy Andrade.
Professional wins (17)
PGA Tour wins (3)
PGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
Nationwide Tour wins (1)
Canadian Tour wins (2)
Other wins (3)
1988 Sierra Nevada Open
1991 California State Open
1996 Merrill Lynch Pebble Beach Invitational
PGA Tour Champions wins (8)
PGA Tour Champions playoff record (3–1)
Results in major championships
WD = withdrew
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 7 (2000 U.S. Open – 2001 PGA)
Longest streak of top-10s – 3 (2001 Masters – 2001 PGA)
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Results in World Golf Championships
1Cancelled due to 9/11
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = Tied
DQ = disqualified
NT = No tournament
Results in senior major championships
Results not in chronological order before 2022.
CUT = missed the halfway cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic
U.S. national team appearances
Professional
Presidents Cup: 2000 (winners)
See also
1989 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
American male golfers
Nevada Wolf Pack men's golfers
PGA Tour golfers
PGA Tour Champions golfers
Golfers from Washington (state)
Golfers from Scottsdale, Arizona
People from Moses Lake, Washington
People from Pullman, Washington
1962 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk%20Triplett |
This is a list of OHA standings and season-by-season summaries of the Ontario Hockey Association's Junior A division from 1933 to 1972, and its Tier I division from 1972 to 1974.
Legend
GP = games played
W = wins
L = losses
T = ties
Pts = points
GF = goals for
GA = goals against
1933–34
The Toronto St. Michael's Majors won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Stratford Midgets 2 games to 0.
Playoffs
Group Semi-finals
London beat Woodstock 3 goals to 2.
(1-2, 2-0)
Kitchener Empires beat Galt Terrier Pups 5 goals to 4.
(1-3, 4-1)
Group Finals
Toronto Young Rangers beat Parkdale Canoe Club 13 goals to 3.
(4-2, 9-1)
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Oshawa Majors 2 wins to none, 1 tie.
(3-3, 8-2, 10-4)
Windsor Wanderers beat London 8 goals to 5.
(2-0, 6-5)
Stratford Midgets beat Kitchener Empires 11 goals to 9.
(5-4, 6-5)
Semi-final
Stratford Midgets beat Windsor Wanderers 25 goals to 3.
(6-2, 19-1)
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Toronto Young Rangers 13 goals to 3.
(6-0, 7-3)
Robertson Cup Finals
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Stratford Midgets 2 wins to none.
(7-0, 4-2)
OHA Grand Championship
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat St. Michael's Buzzers (Jr. B) by default.
(12-3, default)
1934–35
The Kitchener Greenshirts won the J. Ross Robertson Cup by default over the Oshawa Majors.
Playoffs
Group Semi-finals
Toronto Lions beat Toronto St. Michael's Majors 8 goals to 7.
(0-3, 5-2, 3-2)
Stratford Midgets beat Galt Terrier Pups 11 goals to 2.
(6-1, 5-1)
Group Finals
Oshawa Majors beat Toronto Lions 2 wins to none.
(10-2, 10-3)
Toronto Young Rangers beat Parkdale Canoe Club 13 goals to 4.
(4-3, 9-1)
Kitchener Greenshirts beat Stratford Midgets 2 wins to none, 1 tie.
(2-2, 6-1, 5-4)
Semi-final
Kitchener Greenshirts beat Windsor Wanderers 10 goals to 4.
(4-1, 6-3)
Oshawa Majors beat Toronto Young Rangers 10 goals to 8.
(3-4, 4-3, 3-1)
Robertson Cup Final
Results thrown out due to Oshawa using illegal player.
Oshawa won Game 1 4-1, Kitchener won Game 2 4-3, then it was discovered that Oshawa used an illegal player (Bill Bagnall). Due to time constraints a third game was then played to determine entry into the Memorial Cup playdowns, but not the winner of the winner of the Robertson Cup -- to be determined later.
Robertson Cup replay
Quarter-final
Toronto Lions 9 - Toronto Young Rangers 8 (OT)
Semi-final
Kitchener Greenshirts 7 - Toronto Lions 5
Final
Kitchener Greenshirts beat Oshawa Majors by default
Oshawa refused to play, claiming they had already won the championship. The Ontario Hockey Association disagreed and awarded the title to Kitchener.
1935–36
The West Toronto Nationals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Kitchener Greenshirts 2 games to 0.
Playoffs
Group Semi-finals
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Toronto Native Sons 9 goals to 6.
(3-4, 6-2)
West Toronto Nationals beat Toronto Young Rangers 6 goals to 3.
(5-0, 1-3)
Stratford Midgets beat Niagara Falls 12 goals to 9.
(6-5, 6-4)
Group Finals
West Toronto Nationals beat Toronto St. Michael's Majors 3 wins to none.
(1-0, 6-1, 6-5)
Kitchener Greenshirts beat Stratford Midgets 5 goals to 1.
(2-0, 3-1)
Semi-final
West Toronto Nationals beat Oshawa Majors 2 wins to none.
(5-2, 6-2)
Robertson Cup Final
West Toronto Nationals beat Kitchener Greenshirts 2 wins to none.
(3-2, 6-1)
1936–37
The Toronto St. Michael's Majors won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Stratford Midgets 3 games to 2.
Playoffs
Group Semi-finals
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Toronto Young Rangers 2 wins to 1.
(7-4, 3-4, 12-4)
Toronto British Consols beat Oshawa Generals 2 wins to none.
(4-1, 5-5, 7-4)
Group Finals
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Toronto British Consols 3 wins to none.
(4-3, 5-3, 3-1)
Stratford Midgets beat Kitchener Greenshirts 2 wins to none.
(5-3, 4-1)
Robertson Cup
Toronto St. Michael's Majors beat Stratford Midgets 3 wins to 2.
(6-2, 4-7, 4-5, 6-5, 8-3)
1937–38
The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Guelph Indians 3 games to 0.
1938–39
The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Toronto Native Sons 3 games to 0.
1939–40
The league drops its divisions. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors and the Toronto Lions drop out of the league. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues drop out of the league mid-season. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Toronto Marlboros 3 games to 2.
1940–41
Toronto Young Rangers are renamed Toronto Bowles Rangers. Guelph Indians become Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Toronto Marlboros 4 games to 3.
1941–42
The Toronto Bowles Rangers revert to being the Toronto Young Rangers. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors rejoin the league. The Brantford Lions join the league. The Toronto Native Sons drop out halfway through the season, and declare all their games forfeit. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters 3 games to 2.
1942–43
The Hamilton Whizzers and the Stratford Kroehlers join the league. The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters drop out of the league. The Toronto Young Rangers drop out of the league. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Brantford Lions 4 games to 1.
1943–44
The OHA splits into two groups when four teams join the league; the Galt Canadians, St. Catharines Falcons, Port Colborne Recreationists, and Toronto Young Rangers. The Hamilton Whizzers, become Hamilton Majors. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Toronto St. Michael's Majors 4 games to 1.
1944–45
The OHA groups are dissolved when the Brantford Lions, Stratford Kroehlers and Hamilton Majors drop out of league. The Galt Canadians become the Galt Red Wings. The Port Colborne Recreationists drop out of the league mid-season. The inaugural Red Tilson Trophy is awarded to Doug McMurdy, as the most outstanding player in the OHA; Albert "Red" Tilson, a recent Oshawa Generals player and the OHA scoring champion of 1942–43, was killed in World War II action just as the 1944–45 OHA season was starting. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Galt Red Wings 4 games to 0.
(*) folded mid-season
1945–46
The Barrie Flyers and the Hamilton Lloyds join the league. The inaugural Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy is awarded for the top scorer in the league to Tod Sloan. He was also awarded the Red Tilson Trophy as the most outstanding player. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Oshawa Generals 4 games to 2.
1946–47
The Hamilton Lloyds become Hamilton Szabos. The Windsor Spitfires join the league, and the Stratford Kroehlers rejoin the league. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Galt Red Wings 4 games to 0.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Ed Sandford, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Fleming Mackell, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
1947–48
Hamilton drops out of the league. The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters join the league. The Galt Red Wings become the Galt Rockets. The St. Catharines Falcons become the St. Catharines Teepees. The Barrie Flyers won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeating the Windsor Spitfires 4 games to 2.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = George Armstrong, Stratford Kroehlers
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = George Armstrong, Stratford Kroehlers
1948–49
Toronto Young Rangers drop out of the league. The Barrie Flyers won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Gil Mayer, Barrie Flyers
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Bert Giesebrecht, Windsor Spitfires
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Gil Mayer, Barrie Flyers
1949–50
The Galt Rockets become the Galt Black Hawks. The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = George Armstrong, Toronto Marlboros
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Earl Reibel, Windsor Spitfires
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Don Lockhart, Toronto Marlboros
1950–51
The Waterloo Hurricanes join the league. The Barrie Flyers won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Glenn Hall, Windsor Spitfires
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Lou Jankowski, Oshawa Generals
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Don Lockhart, Toronto Marlboros & Lorne Howes, Barrie Flyers
All Stars
G: Glenn Hall, Windsor Spitfires
D: Jim Morrison, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
D: Frank Martin, St. Catharines Teepees
C: Alex Delvecchio, Oshawa Generals, and Ken Laufman, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters (tied)
R: Lou Jankowski, Oshawa Generals
L: Real Chevrefils, Barrie Flyers
1951–52
The Kitchener Greenshirts join the league. The Stratford Kroehlers drop out of the league. The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Bill Harrington, Kitchener Greenshirts
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Ken Laufman, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Don Head, Toronto Marlboros
1952–53
The Waterloo Hurricanes drop out of the league. The Barrie Flyers won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Bob Attersley, Oshawa Generals
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Jim McBurney, Galt Black Hawks
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = John Henderson, Toronto Marlboros
1953–54
The Windsor Spitfires become the Hamilton Tiger Cubs. The Oshawa Generals drop out of the league, after a fire destroys the Hambly Arena. The St. Catharines Teepees won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Brian Cullen, St. Catharines Teepees
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Brian Cullen, St. Catharines Teepees
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Dennis Riggin, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
1954–55
The Kitchener Greenshirts become the Kitchener Canucks. The Toronto Marlboros won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Hank Ciesla, St. Catharines Teepees
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Hank Ciesla, St. Catharines Teepees
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = John Albani, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - First Team
G: Dennis Riggin, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
D: Ron Howell, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
D: Elmer Vasko, St. Catharines Teepees
C: Hank Ciesla, St. Catharines Teepees
R: Barry Cullen, St. Catharines Teepees
L: Bill McCreary, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
All Stars - Second Team
G: John Albani, Toronto Marlboros
D: Larry Hillman, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
D: unknown
C: Billy Harris, Toronto Marlboros
R: Gary Aldcorn, Toronto Marlboros
L: Dick Duff, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
1955–56
The Galt Black Hawks drop out of the league. The Toronto Marlboros won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Ron Howell, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Stan Baluik, Kitchener Canucks
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Jim Crocket, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - First Team
G: Dennis Riggin, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
D: Ron Howell, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
D: Elmer Vasko, St. Catharines Teepees
C: Stan Baluik, Kitchener Canucks
R: Walt Bradley, Kitchener Canucks
L: Ab McDonald, St. Catharines Teepees
All Stars - Second Team
G: Roy Edwards, St. Catharines Teepees
D: Al MacNeil, Toronto Marlboros
D: Bob Baun, Toronto Marlboros
C: Max Szturm, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
R: Bob Forhan, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
L: Frank Mahovlich, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
1956–57
The Kitchener Canucks become the Peterborough TPT Petes. The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Each team played each other team eight times, as well as playing four games against the Hull-Ottawa Canadiens.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Frank Mahovlich, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Bill Sweeney, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Len Broderick, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - First Team
G: Bruce Gamble, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
D: Ron Casey, Toronto Marlboros
D: Harry Neale, Toronto Marlboros
C: Frank Mahovlich, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
R: Bob Nevin, Toronto Marlboros
L: Eddie Shack, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
All Stars - Second Team
G: Carl Wetzel, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
D: John Chasczewski, Barrie Flyers
D: unknown
C: Bill Sweeney, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters, and Bill Kennedy, Toronto Marlboros
R: unknown
L: unknown
1957–58
Each team played each other team eight times, as well as playing four games against the Hull-Ottawa Canadiens (although the final game between Barrie and Hull-Ottawa was cancelled).
The Hamilton Spectator donated a trophy awarded annually to the team that finished first overall in the regular season. The St. Catharines Teepees won the first Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Toronto Marlboros won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Murray Oliver, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = John McKenzie, St. Catharines Teepees
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Len Broderick, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - First Team
G: Bruce Gamble, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
D: Carl Brewer, Toronto Marlboros
D: Wayne Hillman, St. Catharines Teepees
C: Ed Hoekstra, St. Catharines Teepees
R: John McKenzie, St. Catharines Teepees
L: Jack McMaster, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - Second Team
G: Carl Wetzel, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
D: Irv Spencer, Peterborough TPT Petes
D: Wally Chevrier, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
C: Murray Oliver, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
R: Bob Nevin, Toronto Marlboros
L: Stan Mikita, St. Catharines Teepees
1958–59
The St. Catharines Teepees repeated their first overall finish in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Peterborough TPT Petes won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Stan Mikita, St. Catharines Teepees
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Stan Mikita, St. Catharines Teepees
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Jacques Caron, Peterborough TPT Petes
All Stars - First Team
G: Denis DeJordy, St. Catharines Teepees
D: Lloyd Haddon, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
D: Pat Stapleton, St. Catharines Teepees
C: Stan Mikita, St. Catharines Teepees
R: Wayne Connelly, Peterborough TPT Petes
L: Fred Hilts, St. Catharines Teepees
All Stars - Second Team
G: Norm Jacques, Barrie Flyers
D: Wayne Hillman, St. Catharines Teepees
D: Darryl Sly, Toronto St. Michael's Majors, and Roger Cote, Toronto Marlboros (tied)
C: Larry Babcock, Peterborough TPT Petes, and Danny Patrick, Barrie Flyers (tied)
R: Chico Maki, St. Catharines Teepees
L: Bill Mahoney, Peterborough TPT Petes
1959–60
The Toronto Marlboros finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The St. Catharines Teepees won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Wayne Connelly, Peterborough TPT Petes
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Chico Maki, St. Catharines Teepees
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Gerry Cheevers, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
All Stars
G: Roger Crozier, St. Catharines Teepees
D: Dale Rolfe, Barrie Flyers
D: Pat Stapleton, St. Catharines Teepees
C: Dave Keon, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
R: Chico Maki, St. Catharines Teepees
L: Pierre Gagne, Barrie Flyers, and Vic Hadfield, St. Catharines Teepees
1960–61
The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters become the Guelph Royals. The Barrie Flyers become the Niagara Falls Flyers. The Hamilton Tiger Cubs become the Hamilton Red Wings. The OHA inaugurates the Max Kaminsky Trophy for the league's most gentlemanly player. The Guelph Royals finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Rod Gilbert, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Rod Gilbert, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Bud Blom, Hamilton Red Wings
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Bruce Draper, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
All Stars - First Team
G: Roger Crozier, St. Catharines Teepees
D: Ed Westfall, Niagara Falls Flyers
D: Barclay Plager, Peterborough TPT Petes, and Al LeBrun, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters (tied)
C: Bruce Draper, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
R: Rod Gilbert, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
L: Gary Jarrett, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - Second Team
G: Gerry Cheevers, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
D: Mike McMahon, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
D: Terry O'Malley, Toronto St. Michael's Majors
C: Jean Ratelle, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
R: Murray Hall, St. Catharines Teepees
L: Bob Cunningham, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters
1961–62
The Montreal Jr. Canadiens join the OHA from the Quebec Junior Hockey League. The Metro Junior A League starts. Its teams will be the St. Michael's Majors, Toronto Marlboros, Brampton 7Ups, Unionville Seaforths and Whitby Mohawks. The Montreal Junior Canadiens finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Hamilton Red Wings won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Pit Martin, Hamilton Red Wings
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Andre Boudrias, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = George Holmes, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Lowell MacDonald, Hamilton Tiger Cubs
All Stars - First Team
G: Roger Crozier, St. Catharines Teepees
D: Jacques Laperriere, Montreal Junior Canadiens
D: Mike McMahon, Guelph Royals, and Ron Harris, Hamilton Red Wings
C: Pit Martin, Hamilton Red Wings
R: Lowell MacDonald, Hamilton Red Wings
L: Rejean Richer, Montreal Junior Canadiens
All Stars - Second Team
G: Buddy Blom, Hamilton Red Wings
D: Bob Wall, Hamilton Red Wings
D: John Gravel, Montreal Junior Canadiens
C: Phil Esposito, St. Catharines Teepees
R: Andre Boudrias, Montreal Junior Canadiens
L: Howie Dietrich, Niagara Falls Flyers
1962–63
The Oshawa Generals join the Metro Junior League. The Toronto St. Michael's Majors become the Toronto Neil McNeil Maroons. The Unionville Seaforths become Toronto Knob Hill Farms. The Whitby Mohawks become the Whitby Dunlops. The St. Catharines Teepees become the St. Catharines Black Hawks. The Niagara Falls Flyers finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup in the playoffs.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Wayne Maxner, Niagara Falls Flyers
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Wayne Maxner, Niagara Falls Flyers
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Chuck Goddard, Peterborough Petes
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Paul Henderson, Hamilton Red Wings
All Stars - First Team
G: Chuck Goddard, Peterborough Petes
D: Bryan Watson, Peterborough Petes
D: Bob Wall, Hamilton Red Wings
C: Pit Martin, Hamilton Red Wings
R: Paul Henderson, Hamilton Red Wings
L: Wayne Maxner, Niagara Falls Flyers
All Stars - Second Team
G: George Gardner, Niagara Falls Flyers
D: Poul Popiel, St. Catharines Black Hawks
D: Ron Hergott and Don Awrey, Niagara Falls Flyers
C: Billy Inglis, Montreal Junior Canadiens
R: Yvan Cournoyer, Montreal Junior Canadiens
L: Germain Gagnon, Montreal Junior Canadiens
1963–64
The Metro Junior League disbands. The Toronto Marlboros rejoin the OHA, as do the Oshawa Generals although they play their first season in Bowmanville. The other teams in the Metro Junior League cease operations. The Guelph Royals become the Kitchener Rangers. The Toronto Marlboros, now the only team representing Toronto in an OHA Junior A season in the league's history, finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup in the playoffs.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Yvan Cournoyer, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Andre Boudrias, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Bernie Parent, Niagara Falls Flyers
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Fred Stanfield, St. Catharines Black Hawks
All Stars - First Team
G: Chuck Goddard, Peterborough Petes
D: Bobby Orr, Oshawa Generals
D: Doug Jarrett, St. Catharines Black Hawks
C: Andre Boudrias, Montreal Junior Canadiens
R: Yvan Cournoyer, Montreal Junior Canadiens
L: Dennis Hull, St. Catharines Black Hawks
All Stars - Second Team
G: Bernie Parent, Niagara Falls Flyers
D: Rod Seiling, Toronto Marlboros
D: Bob Jamieson, Peterborough Petes
C: Ron Schock, Niagara Falls Flyers
R: Ron Ellis, Toronto Marlboros
L: Wayne Carleton, Toronto Marlboros
1964–65
The Niagara Falls Flyers finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup in the playoffs.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Andre Lacroix, Peterborough Petes
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Ken Hodge, St. Catharines Black Hawks
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Bernie Parent, Niagara Falls Flyers
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Jimmy Peters Jr., Hamilton Red Wings
All Stars - First Team
G: Bernie Parent, Niagara Falls Flyers
D: Bobby Orr, Oshawa Generals
D: Jim McKenny, Toronto Marlboros, and Gilles Marotte, Niagara Falls Flyers (tied)
C: Andre Lacroix, Peterborough Petes
R: Ken Hodge, St. Catharines Black Hawks
L: Brit Selby, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - Second Team
G: Chuck Goddard, Peterborough Petes
D: Serge Savard, Montreal Junior Canadiens
D: John Vanderburg, Peterborough Petes
C: Ron Buchanan, Oshawa Generals
R: Danny Grant, Peterborough Petes
L: Jacques Lemaire, Montreal Junior Canadiens
1965–66
The London Nationals are granted a franchise, moving their Junior B team of the same name to Ingersoll. The Peterborough Petes finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Oshawa Generals won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Andre Lacroix, Peterborough Petes
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Andre Lacroix, Peterborough Petes
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Ted Ouimet, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Andre Lacroix, Peterborough Petes
All Stars - First Team
G: Ian Young, Oshawa Generals
D: Bobby Orr, Oshawa Generals
D: Jim McKenny, Toronto Marlboros
C: Andre Lacroix, Peterborough Petes
R: Mickey Redmond, Peterborough Petes
L: Danny Grant, Peterborough Petes
All Stars - Second Team
G: Brian Caley, Peterborough Petes, Rocky Farr, London Knights, and Bobby Ring, Niagara Falls Flyers (tied)
D: Bart Crashley, Hamilton Red Wings
D: Serge Savard, Montreal Junior Canadiens
C: Derek Sanderson, Niagara Falls Flyers
R: Jean Pronovost, Niagara Falls Flyers
L: Don Marcotte, Niagara Falls Flyers
1966–67
The Kitchener Rangers finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Toronto Marlboros won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Mickey Redmond, Peterborough Petes
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Derek Sanderson, Niagara Falls Flyers
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Peter McDuffe, St. Catharines Black Hawks
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Mickey Redmond, Peterborough Petes
All Stars - First Team
G: Peter McDuffe, St. Catharines Black Hawks
D: Brian Glennie, Toronto Marlboros
D: Tom Reid, St. Catharines Black Hawks
C: Derek Sanderson, Niagara Falls Flyers
R: Mickey Redmond, Peterborough Petes
L: Gerry Meehan, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - Second Team
G: Ian Young, Oshawa Generals
D: Mike Robitaille, Kitchener Rangers
D: Rick Smith, Hamilton Red Wings
C: Walt Tkaczuk, Kitchener Rangers
R: Tim Ecclestone, Kitchener Rangers
L: John Vanderburg, Peterborough Petes
1967–68
The Ottawa 67's are granted a franchise. The Kitchener Rangers finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Niagara Falls Flyers won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Walt Tkaczuk, Kitchener Rangers
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Tom Webster, Niagara Falls Flyers
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Jim Rutherford & Gerry Gray, Hamilton Red Wings
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Tom Webster, Niagara Falls Flyers
All Stars - First Team
G: Gerry Gray, Hamilton Red Wings
D: Mike Robitaille, Kitchener Rangers
D: Rick Ley, Niagara Falls Flyers
C: Walt Tkaczuk, Kitchener Rangers
R: Danny Lawson, Hamilton Red Wings
L: Jack Egers, Kitchener Rangers
All Stars - Second Team
G: Phil Myre, Niagara Falls Flyers
D: Brad Park, Toronto Marlboros
D: Rick Smith, Hamilton Red Wings
C: Terry Caffery, Toronto Marlboros
R: Tom Webster, Niagara Falls Flyers
L: Richie Bayes, Toronto Marlboros
1968–69
The London Nationals become the London Knights. The Montreal Junior Canadiens finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup in the playoffs.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Rejean Houle, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Rejean Houle, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Wayne Wood & Ted Tucker, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most gentlemanly player) = Rejean Houle, Montreal Junior Canadiens
All Stars - First Team
G: Jim Rutherford, Hamilton Red Wings
D: Dick Redmond, St. Catharines Black Hawks
D: Randy Manery, Hamilton Red Wings
C: Gilbert Perreault, Montreal Junior Canadiens
R: Rejean Houle, Montreal Junior Canadiens
L: Marc Tardif, Montreal Junior Canadiens
All Stars - Second Team
G: Paul Hoganson, Toronto Marlboros
D: Ron Stackhouse, Peterborough Petes
D: Serge Lajeunesse, Montreal Junior Canadiens
C: Darryl Sittler, London Knights
R: Phil Roberto, Niagara Falls Flyers
L: Don Tannahill, Niagara Falls Flyers
1969–70
The Max Kaminsky Trophy is rededicated, now awarded to the most outstanding defenceman in the league. The Montreal Junior Canadiens finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup in the playoffs.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Gilbert Perreault, Montreal Junior Canadiens
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Marcel Dionne, St. Catharines Black Hawks
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = John Garrett, Peterborough Petes
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most outstanding defenceman) = Ron Plumb, Peterborough Petes
All Stars - First Team
G: George Hulme, St. Catharines Black Hawks
D: Ron Plumb, Peterborough Petes
D: Bob Stewart, Oshawa Generals
C: Gilbert Perreault, Montreal Junior Canadiens
R: Al McDonough, St. Catharines Black Hawks
L: Rick MacLeish, Peterborough Petes
All Stars - Second Team
G: John Garrett, Peterborough Petes
D: Steve Cuddie, Toronto Marlboros
D: Jocelyn Guevremont and Serge Lajeunesse, Montreal Junior Canadiens (tied)
C: Marcel Dionne, St. Catharines Black Hawks
R: Buster Harvey, Hamilton Red Wings
L: Robert Guindon, Montreal Junior Canadiens
1970–71
OHA president Tubby Schmalz was concerned with the level of physical play during the season, and personally interviewed four players to dissuade them from further on-ice misconduct. He submitted recommendations to the 1971 Canadian Amateur Hockey Association general meeting on behalf of the OHA to reduce the curvature of the hockey stick to one half inch for player safety. He also suggest to revert to the rectangular goal crease from the recent change to a semi-circle, since some rinks in his league were used by professional teams who used the old rules for the goal crease. Schmalz wanted to see consistency the application of the rules, and raise the standards for the level of instruction given to players. He instituted referee and coach clinics in the OHA, prior to it being mandated at the national level. In 1971, he sought to hire a technical director to conduct coaching and refereeing clinics across the province.
Schmalz announced that teams from the OHA and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League would not play against any team from the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) for the 1971 Memorial Cup, due to disagreements over travel allowances given to team at the Memorial Cup and the higher number of over-age players allowed on WCHL rosters. He said that plans for an Eastern Canada series for the George Richardson Memorial Trophy would go ahead. As of the OHA playoffs, he reiterated that teams were still unanimous in their decision not to play for the Memorial Cup against WCHL teams. The Peterborough Petes finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The St. Catharines Black Hawks won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Dave Gardner, Toronto Marlboros
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Marcel Dionne, St. Catharines Black Hawks
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = John Garrett, Peterborough Petes
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most outstanding defenceman) = Jocelyn Guevremont, Montreal Junior Canadiens
All Stars - First Team
G: John Garrett, Peterborough Petes
D: Denis Potvin, Ottawa 67's
D: Jocelyn Guevremont, Montreal Junior Canadiens
C: Marcel Dionne, St. Catharines Black Hawks
R: Steve Vickers, Toronto Marlboros
L: Rick Martin, Montreal Junior Canadiens
All Stars - Second Team
G: Michel Larocque, Ottawa 67's
D: Steve Durbano, Toronto Marlboros
D: Rick Cunningham, Peterborough Petes
C: Dave Gardner, Toronto Marlboros
R: Bill Harris, Toronto Marlboros
L: Steve Shutt, Toronto Marlboros
1971–72
Two new trophies are inaugurated for the 1971–72 season. The Matt Leyden Trophy is awarded for the Coach of the Year. The Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy is awarded for the top-scoring right winger. It was donated by the Peterborough Petes in memory of Jim Mahon, who died in the summer. The Toronto Marlboros finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The Peterborough Petes won the J. Ross Robertson Cup.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Don Lever, Niagara Falls Flyers
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Dave Gardner, Toronto Marlboros & Billy Harris, Toronto Marlboros
Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy (Top-scoring right winger) = Billy Harris, Toronto Marlboros
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Michel Larocque, Ottawa 67's
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most outstanding defenceman) = Denis Potvin, Ottawa 67's
Matt Leyden Trophy (Coach of the Year) = Gus Bodnar, Oshawa Generals
All Stars - First Team
G: Michel Larocque, Ottawa 67's
D: Denis Potvin, Ottawa 67's
D: Paul Shakes, St. Catharines Black Hawks
C: Don Lever, Niagara Falls Flyers
R: Bill Harris, Toronto Marlboros
L: Steve Shutt, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - Second Team
G: Gilles Gratton, Oshawa Generals
D: Jim Schoenfeld, Niagara Falls Flyers
D: Ian Turnbull, Montreal Junior Canadiens
C: Dave Gardner, Toronto Marlboros
R: Dennis Ververgaert, London Knights
L: Randy Osburn, London Knights
1972–73
Junior A hockey is divided into "Tier I" and "Tier II." The OHA Junior A teams from 1972 became the Tier I division, also known as Major Junior hockey. The Montreal Junior Canadiens move to the QMJHL; the Niagara Falls Flyers move to Sudbury, becoming the Sudbury Wolves. The Sault Ste. Greyhounds are granted an expansion franchise. The Emms Family Award is donated to the OHA by Hap Emms, to be awarded to the Rookie of the Year. The Toronto Marlboros finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup in the playoffs.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Rick Middleton, Oshawa Generals
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Blake Dunlop, Ottawa 67's
Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy (Top-scoring right winger) = Dennis Ververgaert, London Knights
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Mike Palmateer, Toronto Marlboros
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most outstanding defenceman) = Denis Potvin, Ottawa 67's
Emms Family Award (Rookie of the Year) = Dennis Maruk, London Knights
Matt Leyden Trophy (Coach of the Year) = George Armstrong, Toronto Marlboros
All Stars - First Team
G: Mike Palmateer, Toronto Marlboros
D: Denis Potvin, Ottawa 67's
D: Bob Dailey, Toronto Marlboros
C: Reg Thomas, London Knights
R: Dennis Ververgaert, London Knights
L: Morris Titanic, Sudbury Wolves
All Stars - Second Team
G: Peter Crosbie, London Knights, & Rick St. Croix, Oshawa Generals
D: Ian Turnbull, Ottawa 67's
D: Bob Neely, Peterborough Petes
C: Blake Dunlop, Ottawa 67's
R: Rick Middleton, Oshawa Generals
L: Bill Lochead, Oshawa Generals
1973–74
The Kingston Canadians are granted a franchise. The Kitchener Rangers finished first overall in the regular season, winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy. The St. Catharines Black Hawks won the J. Ross Robertson Cup. The OHA became the OMJHL for the 1974–75 OMJHL season.
Awards
Red Tilson Trophy (Most outstanding player) = Jack Valiquette, Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds
Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (Top scorer) = Jack Valiquette, Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds & Rick Adduono, St. Catharines Black Hawks
Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy (Top-scoring right winger) = Dave Gorman, St. Catharines Black Hawks
Dave Pinkney Trophy (Goaltenders of team with lowest GAA) = Don Edwards, Kitchener Rangers
Max Kaminsky Trophy (Most outstanding defenceman) = Jim Turkiewicz, Peterborough Petes
Emms Family Award (Rookie of the Year) = Jack Valiquette, Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds
Matt Leyden Trophy (Coach of the Year) = Jack Bownass, Kingston Canadians
All Stars - First Team
G: Don Edwards, Kitchener Rangers
D: Jim Turkiewicz, Peterborough Petes
D: Rick Chartraw, Kitchener Rangers
C: Jack Valiquette, Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds
R: Wilf Paiement, St. Catharines Black Hawks
L: Bill Lochead, Oshawa Generals
All Stars - Second Team
G: Mike Kasmetis, Peterborough Petes
D: Dave Maloney, Kitchener Rangers
D: Paul McIntosh, Peterborough Petes
C: Bruce Boudreau, Toronto Marlboros
R: Dave Gorman, St. Catharines Black Hawks
L: Mike Marson, Sudbury Wolves
References
Bibliography
External links
www.hockeydb.com
www.sihrhockey.org
+OHA
Canadian ice hockey-related lists
Junior A standings
Ontario sport-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20OHA%20Junior%20A%20standings |
Pilar Barrios (1889–1974) was an important poet of the black community of Uruguay and one of the founders of the Partido Autóctono Negro. He demonstrated in his poetry an understanding of the class-based racism in his society, and expressed hope that this could be overturned by the development of a racial consciousness (awareness of negritud) and renovation of education. He was optimistic in regards to this project, because he believed in the fundamental equality of people and races, as he expressed in his poems. One of his means of expression was the journal Nuestra raza, which he co-founded with his sister Maria in 1917. In 1937 he married Maruja Pereyra, an activist and fellow Nuestra Raza journalist.
With the publishing of Piel negra in 1947, he became one of only two black Uruguayan poets to be published in book form (the other was Virginia Brindis de Salas). As one of the most notable black intellectuals in the country, he was in contact with the larger world of black intellectual activity, corresponding with, for example, Langston Hughes.
References
Jackson, Richard. "The shared vision of Langston Hughes and black Hispanic writers", Black American Literature Forum, Vol. 15, No 3, pp. 89–92
Roberts, Nicole. "Añoranzas negras: la poesía negra uruguaya del siglo XX", Politica y Cultura, Autumn 2004, No 22, pp. 183–195
1889 births
1974 deaths
20th-century Uruguayan poets
Uruguayan male poets
Uruguayan male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilar%20Barrios |
Traben-Trarbach () on the Middle Moselle is a town in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde and a state-recognized climatic spa (Luftkurort). The city lies in the so-called "Valley of Dawn".
Geography
Location
Traben-Trarbach lies some 40 km northeast of Trier and some 60 km southwest of Koblenz in the valley of the Middle Moselle. North of the town is found the mountain inside a bend in the Moselle, Mont Royal. Frankfurt-Hahn Airport in the Hunsrück lies some 10 km away towards the east (in each case, as the crow flies). The municipal area spreads over a total of 31,350,000 m² with a great share of this being wooded. This makes Traben-Trarbach the biggest town by land area on the Middle Moselle.
Traben lies on the Moselle’s left bank at the foot of the former fort of Mont Royal, and Trarbach lies on the right bank on the Hunsrück side. While Traben stretches in a broad strip along the river, Trarbach instead stretches inland between rather steep mountains, particularly up the Kautenbach valley.
Constituent communities
Traben-Trarbach’s Stadtteile, besides Traben and Trarbach, are Litzig, Wolf, Bad Wildstein, Rißbach, Kautenbach and Hödeshof.
History
As early as 830, the Aacher Hof (estate) had a documentary mention. Emperor Louis the Pious, Charlemagne’s son, donated Traben with all its rights and privileges, and its appurtenances, namely Litzig, Rißbach, Irmenach and Beuren, to the minster at Aachen (Aachen Foundation of Mary), where German kings were crowned.
In the 17th century, the town was part of what was then known as Rhenish Franconia, a strategic area fought over by France and the Holy Roman Empire. Seized by France in the 1683-1684 War of the Reunions, Traben was the location for the new fortress of Mont-Royal, constructed by Vauban, the leading military engineer of the period. The main ramparts were 30 metres high and three kilometres long, with space for 12,000 troops; despite the enormous cost, it was demolished when the French withdrew following the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick and only the lower foundations are visible today.
All today’s Stadtteile – with the exception of a part of Kautenbach – belonged to the Hintere (English: rear, back, i.e. hinterland; Upper) County of Sponheim, whose main centre was Trarbach. After the comital family of Sponheim died out, the inheriting landholders formed the County into a Palatine-Badish condominium and had their residences elsewhere in the County, namely in Birkenfeld and Kastellaun. Trarbach was also the seat of a Palatine oberamt, the Oberamt Trarbach.
In 1816, the area around Trarbach was annexed to Prussia, with Trarbach itself becoming the seat of a Bürgermeisterei (“Mayoralty”). Against expectations, however, Zell, rather than Trarbach, was made the district seat, even though the latter was the biggest place in the new District of Zell. The Bürgermeisterei of Trarbach was dissolved in 1884, and Trarbach no longer belonged to any Bürgermeisterei. It was, rather, administered thereafter in personal union with the new Bürgermeisterei of Traben. In 1898, the first bridge was built between the two centres, one built to plans drawn up by Bruno Möhring. This bridge, which was blown up in the dying days of the Second World War in 1945, was at the same time also the first roadbridge between Bernkastel and Koblenz. The next bridges were built only in 1924, in Cochem, and between 1951 and 1953 in Zell. In the late 19th century, Traben and Trarbach were also, together with Reichenhall, the first municipalities in Germany that, instead of having gaslamps, installed electric street lighting from the Edison Company (today AEG), although the odd stretch of street in Berlin had already been outfitted with electric lighting. In 1904, the municipality of Traben and the town of Trarbach merged to become the town of Traben-Trarbach. The next changes came on 7 June 1969, when the municipalities of Kautenbach and Wolf were amalgamated with Traben-Trarbach. One year later, the Verbandsgemeinde of Traben-Trarbach was newly formed. It has its administrative seat in the town; Traben-Trarbach is a member municipality of the Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality.
Because they belonged to the “Hinder” County of Sponheim, the Reformation was introduced into Traben and Trarbach, with the town remaining even today mainly Evangelical, even though newcomers, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, have raised the Catholic share of the population markedly. The Evangelical Church's leadership in the Hinder County of Sponheim was at first exercised from the Birkenfeld chancellery. Then, in 1672, a Hinder-Sponheim Lutheran consistory was instituted, whose duties were transferred to the consistory in Zweibrücken in 1776.
In 1818, the Synod of Trarbach was established, whose seat remained in Trarbach until 1972. Because of its size – the synod encompassed the districts of Bernkastel, Zell and Trier – this was divided in 1825. Curiously, the outlying centre of Wolf belonged until 1892 to the Synod of Trier, which itself, until 1843, bore the name “Synod of Wolf” because that was the superintendent's home.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 22 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 25 May 2014, and the honorary mayor as chairwoman.
Mayor
The Mayor is Patrice Langer (SPD).
Coat of arms
The town's arms might be described thus: Per fess enhanced, chequy of eighteen gules and argent a horse trotting sable and chequy of twenty-four argent and gules on a mount of three vert in base a round tower Or with six windows, three and three, and an arched doorway, of the second, and a conical roof of the third.
The checkerboard pattern (“chequy”) was the arms borne by the Counts of Sponheim. Above the line of partition is a black horse, whose attitude is “trotting” for a reason: this makes it a canting charge, for the German word for “trot” is traben – part of the town's hyphenated name. Traben's name, however, which comes from a Celtic name, Traven, a description of a small settlement, has nothing whatsoever to do with a horse. The tower below the line of partition stands for the local castle in Trarbach and therefore for Trarbach itself.
The arms have been borne since 1951.
Town partnerships
Traben-Trarbach fosters partnerships with the following places:
Wangen bei Olten, Solothurn, Switzerland, with the town of Traben-Trarbach
Selles-sur-Cher, Loir-et-Cher, France with the Verbandsgemeinde of Traben-Trarbach
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
Ruins of the Grevenburg, built about 1350, destroyed, after many sieges, in 1734
Starkenburg, 250 m above the Moselle with castle crags at the end of town going towards Enkirch
Mont Royal Fort (1687–1698) (gigantic French fort under Louis XIV built by Vauban)
Brückentor (“Bridge Gate”) at the Moselle Bridge, 1899 by Bruno Möhring
Mittelmoselmuseum (“Middle Moselle Museum”) about the history of the Moselle valley, the County of Sponheim, Mont Royal Fort and the Grevenburg
Parkschlösschen Bad Wildstein (“Little Park Palace”), the town's former spa and bathing house built by Bruno Möhring
Trarbach Town Hall (Rathaus), 1833 by Ferdinand Nebel
Huesgen house, Am Bahnhof (a street), 1904 by Bruno Möhring
Dr. Breucker house, An der Mosel (a street), 1905 by Bruno Möhring
Former winery, Julius Kayser & Co., Wolfer Weg, 1906–1907 by Bruno Möhring
Former hotel “Clauss-Feist” (now Bellevue), 1903 by Bruno Möhring
Former Gondenau slate and ore mine
Town tower in Trarbach with view over the roofs of Trarbach
Motorboat racing
For decades there were motorboat races on the Moselle, but the 32nd and thus far last racing event was held in 1996. At these races, many world and European champions were crowned, among them, in 1964, the well known Berlin motorboat racer and builder Dieter König.
Economy and infrastructure
Traben-Trarbach is home to a large number of wineries including Robert Heuser, F. W. Langguth Erben, Richard Böcking, Ulrich Langguth, Martin Müllen, Weiser-Künstler and Daniel Vollenweider.
Transport
Rail
Through Traben-Trarbach, until 31 December 1962, ran the Moseltalbahn (railway), locally known as the Saufbähnchen. The railway station building on the Trarbach side was torn down during expansion work on Bundesstraße 53.
In Traben, across the river on the left bank is found the terminal station on the Moselwein-Bahn (“Moselle Wine Railway”), which runs to Bullay. The old station building, built in 1904 on the model of old Traben timber-frame houses, is still standing and serves today as the mayor's seat and as an event venue. The new stop was moved 150 m downstream to the area where the former goods station once was.
Air
In 1956, a sport airfield (Flugplatz Traben-Trarbach/Mont Royal) on Traben's mountain, Mont Royal, was built (ICAO-Code: EDRM).
Frankfurt-Hahn Airport is ca. 17 km (on foot) to the east of Traben-Trarbach.
Bridges
Traben-Trarbach is located on both sides of river Moselle. It is served via three bridges.
Moselbrücke in the heart of the town, connecting Traben and Trarbach (completed in 1899)
Wolfer Brücke, connecting Wolf with Bundesstraße 53
A third bridge between Rißbach and Koppelberg, as Bundesstraße 53 crosses the river
Gallery
Famous people
Johann von Trarbach, Renaissance sculptor
Jost Maurer (fl. 1498, 1518), German mason, architect and construction entrepreneur
Nikolaus Elffen (1626–1706), Jesuit from Protestant Traben (panis coeli)
Philipp Adam Storck (1778–1822), teacher, 1810 principal of the trade school in Hagen, from 1817 professor in Bremen (Perspectives on the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen)
Heinrich Böcking (1785–1865), mining adviser and mayor in Saarbrücken
Eduard Boecking (1802–1870), Law professor in Bonn and Berlin (Roman civil law; translation of Ausonius's Mosella)
Paul Emanuel Spieker (1826–1896), German architect (Berlin University Library)
Marc Mitscher (1887–1947), US admiral, grandson of Andreas Mitscher (1821–1905) from Traben
Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), novelist, lived in Trarbach and worked at the Julius Kayser Winery in 1913.
Werner Beumelburg (1899–1963), one of the best known authors of National Socialist times, honorary citizen of Traben-Trarbach
Hans-Willi Ellermeier, sportsman, waterskier, German champion in slalom 1967, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1980, 1981
Oliver Lucas (b. 1966), sportsman, motorboat racer, twice world and four times European champion
Martin Molz (b. 1971), former professional footballer (1. FC Nürnberg and 1. FC Saarbrücken)
Yvonne Burbach (b. 1975), actress (Verbotene Liebe)
Stefan Bockelmann (b. 1976), actor (Unter uns)
Pete Namlook (1960-2012), ambient and electronic-music producer and composer, and founder of Fax Records (FAX +49-69/450464) music label
Maik Zirbes (b. 1990), professional basketball player (KK Crvena Zvezda)
Further reading
Dietmar Flach, Günter Böse (publisher): Traben-Trarbach. Geschichte einer Doppelstadt. Traben-Trarbach 1984.
Johann Hofmann: Trorbachische Ehren-Säul. Faks.-Nachdr. der Ausg. Stuttgart 1669. Cäsar, Traben-Trarbach 1968.
Arne Houben (publisher): Mit Carl Bodmer von Trier nach Koblenz. Eine Moselreise um das Jahr 1830; Alf/Mosel: Rhein-Mosel-Verlag, 2006; (The book contains 31 colour reproductions of coloured aquatints by Karl Bodmer, whose originals can be seen at the Mittelmoselmuseum Traben-Trarbach).
Ernst Schütz: Trarbach in alter Zeit. Bilder aus der Geschichte der Stadt von der Reformation bis zur Niederlegung der Grevenburg; Traben-Trarbach, 1909
Albert Rosenkranz (publisher): Das Evangelische Rheinland. Ein rheinisches Gemeinde- und Pfarrerbuch, Band 1: Die Gemeinden; Schriftenreihe des Vereins für Rheinische Kirchengeschichte, 3; Düsseldorf: Kirche in der Zeit, 1956.
References
External links
Verbandsgemeinde of Traben-Trarbach
History and stories from Traben-Trarbach
Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Bernkastel-Wittlich
Vauban fortifications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traben-Trarbach |
A popular assembly (or people's assembly) is a gathering called to address issues of importance to participants. Assemblies tend to be freely open to participation and operate by direct democracy. Some assemblies are of people from a location, some from a given workplace, industry or educational establishment others are called to address a specific issue.
The term is often used to describe gatherings that address, what participants feel are, the effects of a democratic deficit in representative democratic systems. Sometimes assemblies are created to form an alternative power structure, other times they work with other forms of government.
As a government
Athens
In Athenian democracy the Ecclesia was the assembly of all male citizens.
New England
The town meeting is the traditional governing body of the New England town, which in its traditional form is open to all adult residents to discuss and vote on the major issues of town government. It was founded in the colonial era as an outgrowth of church meetings, which then became secularized as a purely governmental meeting. Although larger towns have since moved to more representative forms of government, it is still widely practiced in smaller and more rural communities.
The similarly named town hall meeting, where politicians meet with their constituents and discuss issues, is named after and meant to resemble the town meeting.
Mexico
At a local level, people attend a popular assembly of around 300 families in which anyone over the age of 12 can participate in decision-making. These assemblies strive to reach a consensus, but are willing to fall back to a majority vote. The communities form a federation with other communities to create an autonomous municipality, which form further federations with other municipalities to create a region. The Zapatistas are composed of five regions, in total having a population of around 360,000 people as of 2018.
Syria
The autonomous region is ruled by a coalition which bases its policy ambitions to a large extent on democratic libertarian socialist ideology of democratic confederalism and have been described as pursuing a model of economy that blends co-operative and market enterprise, through a system of popular assemblies in minority, cultural and religious representation. The AANES has by far the highest average salaries and standard of living throughout Syria, with salaries being twice as large as in regime-controlled Syria; following the collapse of the Syrian pound the AANES doubled salaries to maintain inflation, and allow for good wages.
Examples
Curiate Assembly
Bolivarian Circles
European Assembly for Climate Justice 2010
Occupy movement 2011
15M movement assemblies 2011–2015
Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002)
During the Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002) many Argentinian citizens started engaging and organising their actions through assemblies.
After closure, the Chilvert printing press was occupied by workers who organised through an assembly. Within weeks of being reopened as a workers cooperative Chilvert printed a book called Que son las Asembleas Populares? or What are the Popular Assemblies?, a collection of articles written by renowned intellectuals , Stella Calloni and Rafael Bielsa as well as workers and participants in the assemblies.
As with other workplaces, the print factory was saved from closure by the actions of a popular assembly. The military and police were blocked from entering the factory after the popular assembly of Pompeya called on barrio residents to protect the workplace. Individual police officers expressed their support for the workers and the popular assembly and successfully petitioned the judge to rescind his order to seize the factory.
The assemblies movement is reported to have spiked in power rapidly and fallen from any major significance within months. It is reported that Grigera summing up his analysis of the asambleas states
no matter how progressive or "advanced" the social relationships, forms of decision-making and activities of asambleas are said to be, their small scale, lack of influence and flawed coordination between themselves and other movements render this movement unable to overcome very narrow limitations.
Cherán (2011–present)
The town of Cherán in Mexico saw armed citizens kick out the corrupt police, drug cartels, and mayor in 2011. Since then they have adopted a system of popular assemblies to govern the town, which is somewhat independent of the central government.
See also
Autonomism
Anarchism
Deliberative democracy
Democratic confederalism
Direct democracy
Landsgemeinde
Libertarian socialism
Participatory democracy
Referendum
Spokescouncil
Workers' council
Workplace democracy
References
"Throw them all out" Argentina's grassroots rebellion|Roger Burbach|Spotlight|2 July 2002Debating the lessons of the Argentine Insurrection |Joe Craig|12 May 2006
External links
Peoples Assemblies - resources, news and calendar
Website for UK Education Assembly January 2011
Website for the European Assembly for Climate Justice November 2010
Via Campsenia - 1000 Cancuns
The Barcelona Assembly
The Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca
Map of Canadian Peoples Assemblies on Climate Justice December 2010
Popular Assemblies and the Growing Popular Assembly Movement - commentary from Oaxaca by Nancy Davies 4 January 2007
Spotlight|Throw the bums out- Argentines seek break from begging loans|Roger Burbach|28 February 2002
Spotlight|The abyss in Argentina|by Roger Burbach|5 May 2002
Popular Assemblies in Revolts and Revolutions
Occupy Movement, the Zapatista's and the General Assemblies
Beyond Resistance - Fight the Cuts build Peoples Assemblies by Gerry Gold & Paul Feldman|2010
Methods to make assemblies and meetings effective, participatory and enjoyable|Collaborative document|
Connect with Occupy activists and community organizers who are coordinating trainings across the United States to build Popular Assemblies
Videos
Video of The People's Assembly during COP15 outside the Bella Centre, Copenhagen - 16 December 2009
Peoples Assemblies Video by Dylan Strain
Meetings
Local government in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20assembly |
Victory Christian Fellowship of the Philippines, Inc., commonly known as Victory, is an evangelical multi-site church based in Taguig, Philippines. It is a member of Every Nation Churches.
History
Victory was started by missionaries Steve and Deborah Murrell, who came to the Philippines in 1984 together with Ever Nation Churches co-founder Rice Broocks and 65 other American university students on a one-month summer mission trip. Since 1984, Victory has grown until it presently has churches in 60 Philippine cities.
In 2015, Victory's Metro Manila church had 15 congregations, all with multiple services and locations, and many offering more than one language (English). The church has multiple locations and holds 94 services every weekend, each of them led by live preaching, training Filipinos to reach their cities, the nation, and the world. Over 10,000 leaders conduct small weekly discipleship groups. Victory reported 80,000 members in Manila in 2015.
Discipleship and leadership training
Since its inception in 1984, the church encourages members to compassionately engage communities, intentionally establish biblical foundations, strategically equip believers, and continually empower disciples. Its primary vehicle for discipleship is the Victory group, a small group of people who get together, build relationships, and study the Bible.
Victory Worship
In 2014, Victory Worship released its first live worship album, Radical Love. Radical Love and its 2015 follow-up, Rise Heart, were certified Gold by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry, Inc. (PARI). On March 25, 2017, the group released Awit ng Bayan, its first full Filipino-language single; on June 1, 2017, Safe, its latest digital single, was released to radio and on digital formats. An extended play, For Your Purpose, was released on December 1, 2017. On March 16, 2018, it released its latest extended play, In Your Name.
Beliefs
As a member church of Every Nation Churches, Victory adheres to the statement of faith of the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches.
See also
List of the largest evangelical churches
List of the largest evangelical church auditoriums
Worship service (evangelicalism)
References
External links
Victory Worship
Every Nation Movement
Christian organizations established in 1984
1984 establishments in the Philippines
Evangelical megachurches in the Philippines
Churches in Metro Manila | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory%20%28church%29 |
Tibetan fur refers to the white wool of the Tibetan lamb. Its origin is not really from Tibet, but from the Chinese provinces Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hebei. The wool is soft and around 5 in (12 cm) long, and has a slight waviness to it, being the only curly long-haired fur, making it popular for doll's hair.
References
Fur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan%20fur |
The Mohatta Palace () is a museum located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Designed by Ahmed Hussain Agha, the palace was built in 1927 in the posh seaside locale of Clifton as the summer home of Shivratan Mohatta, a Hindu Marwari businessman from what is now the modern-day Indian state of Rajasthan. The palace was built in the tradition of stone palaces of Rajasthan, using pink Jodhpur stone in combination with the local yellow stone from nearby Gizri. Mohatta could enjoy this building for only about two decades before the partition of India, after which he left Karachi for the new state of India.
Background
Shivratan Chandraratan Mohatta was a Hindu Marwari businessman, who traced his roots in Bikaner, Rajasthan, his recorded ancestry began with Motilal Mohata (spelled Mohatta in English), who migrated in 1842 from Bikaner to Hyderabad (in Telangana, India) to become a clerk in a shop. His four children migrated to Calcutta and became leading merchants of imported cloth. One of them, Govardhan Mohta, moved to Karachi in 1883. His older son, Ramgopal, became a scholar and author. Karachi's Hindu Gymkhana building, officially known as the Seth Ramgopal Goverdhandas Mohatta Hindu Gymkhana was named after this son. Govardhan Mohta's younger son Shivrattan became an industrialist in Karachi, and made his fortune from the manufacturing of palm olive soap.
Features
The palace has an area of and its facade is trimmed with windows, stone brackets, spandrels, domes, balustrades with floral motifs and exquisite railings. There are nine domes, with a centre dome in the middle; while the windows in the front portion opening out into the garden are of blue colour and those in the rear area are arched windows with stained glass. The palace has large stately rooms designed for entertainment on the ground floor and more private facilities on the first floor, where there is a terrace provided with a shade from intense sunlight. The palace is solely made up of teak wood with a polished staircase, long corridors and doors opening within doors. The "barsati” (terrace) of the Mohatta Palace had a beautiful family temple dedicated to the Hindu God, lord Shiva. The amalgam gave the palace a distinctive presence in an elegant neighbourhood, characterised by Indo-Saracenic architecture which was located not far from the sea.
Mohatta Palace was a luxurious home built in the late 1920s, consisting of . The elegant palace is built on different levels and was a summer house for the Mohatta family for two decades before they left for India in 1947. There are three levels, basement, ground floor,
first floor till you reach the roof. The basement that lies on the north side of the building is quite small and comprises a staircase going downwards towards a hot water pool chamber which has a connected changing room. They say it had a hot and cold water system attached,
which would supply the water to the pool. Near the pool chamber are small ventilators, two on each side which may have been used as a source of sunlight and letting out steam.
Upon stepping inside the building is a corridor that connects to each room situated on the ground floor. The ground floor contains large stately rooms designed for entertainment, two towards the right side of the entrance (north), two towards the left (south) and one at the back. The movement inside the building is through the great entrance into a spacious corridor that runs around a huge hall with ornate ceilings and a staircase on the South side.
There is a large square hall with seven openings leading into a corridor. The hall acts as a datum and around it the corridors are connected to the rooms where different activities are held. On the south between the two rooms is a solid teak wood, polished staircase connecting ground floor and first floor.
On each corner of the palace are octagonal towers, in which only two near the front entrance have spiral staircases that go up to the roof.
At the far end, opposite the entrance is a room for entertainment which has few stairs on each side leading directly into the grounds at the back of the palace.
When viewed from outside, the ground floor has two very ornate windows on either side of the entrance consisting of three shutters in each.
The same windows are on the north and south side as well, on either side of the stairs which lead from the rooms to the grounds. The octagonal towers have five windows each. In the same way there is a protruding chhajja which goes all around the ground floor to provide shade.
The first floor has private facilities unlike the ground floor. Although this floor also has a large hall in the centre having ten
doors that open into the corridor that frames it on two sides (north and south) and private rooms on the other sides (east and west).
There are four large bedrooms with attached restrooms and dressing rooms. Each bedroom has two openings, more like ‘doors opening into doors’.
The staircase on the south ends on this floor, leaving a passageway to the left which connects to the octagonal tower staircase that leads up to the roof. There is a similar staircase on the opposite end which leads up to the roof. Whereas the remaining two towers remain disconnected, just giving an outdoor view from the windows to each floor.
Similarly, there are windows situated right above the ones on the ground floor giving a view of the vast grounds below. Also, there are three openings into the large terrace on the first floor, which overlooks the Arabian Sea. Moreover, the roof top is perhaps the most interesting part of the building, giving an aerial view of the surrounding neighbourhood and the beautiful landscaping done in below.
The rooftop is connected by staircases coming all the way up from the ground floor, through the frontal north and south octagonal towers.
The four octagonal towers are topped by chattris. In the middle of the towers, on both of the north and south side are dainty three portioned, rectangular chattris.
Altogether there are nine domes, with a centre dome in the middle and smaller four domes around it. This is slightly elevated and is like a room overlooking the rooftop. It has stairs on the north and south side and the five domes are interconnected.
Exterior details
Mohatta Palace is an elaborate building with intricate details which are present in almost every portion of this magnificent building. These are in the form of carvings. The delicate designs include bird’s wings in the large windows, situated in the top right and left corners of the arches.
There are also peacock motifs in the stonework and they are found around each of the nine domes. Also, there has been a lot of use of the scallop shape in upwards and downward positions around the lower areas, in the form of a strip going around the building and on top of the first and second-floor windows that protrude outwards. There are also many floral motifs around the surrounding wall, between each scallop, such as marigolds. Hibiscus flowers to are found lightly carved between rectangular shapes underneath all the windows, which are on the sides of the doorways.
Similarly, each window and doorway is framed by two large, intricately carved marigolds at the top right and left side of the arches.
Moreover, the balustrade terrace, rooftop and octagonal towers have dainty knobs and a rectangular box-like shape chiseled into each baluster.
Furthermore, there are decorative brackets underneath each window, projecting ‘chhajja’, entrance ways, domes, all around the building which makes it look more delicate to one's eye. Also, each of the columns around the building has motifs and flowers engraved horizontally between spaces. These go all around the building in a horizontal line.
Similarly, the five domes of the barsati have lines etched into them, giving them more form and texture, unlike the octagonal towers which are just plain except for the peacock carving which is present in all of the domes.
After Independence
After Mohatta's departure to India, the Government of Pakistan acquired the building to house the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1947.
Fatima Jinnah, the sister of the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, moved into it in 1964. In the '60s Mohatta Palace was dubbed Qasre-e-Fatima, becoming the hub of her presidential campaign against President Ayub Khan. After her untimely death, her sister Shireen Jinnah moved in to occupy the ground floor for many years. With her death in 1980, the palace was sealed.
Museum
In 1995 it was purchased by the Government of Sindh for its conversion into a museum devoted to the arts of Pakistan. The Government of Sindh took over ownership of the property and appointed an independent board of trustees headed by the Governor to formulate recommendations on how best to adapt and use the palace. A trust was established to manage the property and ensure that it would not be sold or utilized for commercial or any purpose other than that stipulated in the trust deed. Funds for the acquisition of collections for the museum and the construction of an extension are continuously raised by the trustees through private and public grants, donations, and other fundraising activities. Mohatta Palace Museum formally opened in 1999. Next to the main building can be found a small collection of "English" statues which once stood proudly at key public locations in Karachi but flamed public fury during political turmoil in 1960–61. Some statues, notably the ones of Queen Victoria and soldiers of the Raj, were damaged during the turmoil.
Timings
Tuesday – Sunday 11.00 am to 6.00 pm
Friday Prayer break between 1.00 pm – 3.00 pm
Monday closed
Transport
The following public transport is available to the museum.
Bus: No 20
Minibus: N and W30
Coaches: Super Hasan Zai and Khan Coach.
Exhibitions
September 1999: Treasures of the Talpurs.
December 1999: Qalam – The Arts of Calligraphy
April 2000: Visions of Divinity – The Arts of Gandhara
September 2000: Threads in Time – Costumes and Textiles of Pakistan
November 2000: Miniature Paintings – A Revival
August 2002: Sadequain, The Holy Sinner
November 2003: Jamil Naqsh: A Retrospective
August 2006: The Tale of the Tile – The Ceramic Tradition of Pakistan
20 March 2010 to 23 June 2010: The Birth of Pakistan hosted by The Citizens Archive of Pakistan
2010 – 2011: The Rising Tide – New directions in the art from Pakistan 1990 – 2010.
18 May 2011 to December 2011: "Rebel Angel: Asim Butt 1978–2010"
February 2013 to 16 February 2014: Labyrinth of Reflections: The Art of Rashid Rana, 1992–2012
May 16, 2014 – Current: Drawing the Line: Rare Maps and Prints
July 10, 2015 – Current: A Flower from Every Meadow
Exhibitions in 2017 and 2018
May 8, 2018: Makli – Symphonies in Stone
Makli is one of the six World Heritage Sites located in Pakistan. Particularly outstanding among its remains is an enormous cemetery which is spread over 10 km. In the cemetery, there are close to half a million tombs and graves of kings, queens, governors, saints, scholars, and philosophers surrounded by exquisite brick or stone monuments, some of which are decorated with glazed tiles. An original concept of stone decoration with Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist influences was created at Makli and its remnants survive to this to be admired by local and international visitors.
October 20, 2017: Imran Mir – Alchemist of Line
Born in Karachi, Pakistan, in 1950 Imran Mir was an artist, sculptor, designer, and advertising trendsetter. He studied in art schools in Karachi and Toronto and developed a new bold style of his own that initially dumbfounded art critics. But over time, Mir earned the admiration and awe of the art world. His friend and fellow artist Iqbal Geoffrey said about his work: “The pictographs that Imran instills or stirs are novel and enlightening – not parochial, parasitical nor forget-me-not mementos of the picturesque. Love, not logic, is his forte, i.e. metaphysical ménage-a-trios of the palette, plate, and platform. He trucks mobility, and his mode is poignant – pregnant with pragmatism. Never buttering literalism. Nor brandishing liberalism." Mir died in 2014 but his life's work continues to be celebrated.
February 15, 2017– continuing: Paradise on Earth – Manuscripts, Miniature, and Mendicants of Kashmir
The title of this majestic exhibition is inspired by the famous quote by Mughal Emperor Jahangir when he visited the valley of Kashmir the first time. Translated in English from the original Persian, it means: ‘If there is heaven on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here’. The displays on exhibit span 500 years, from the date of the first printed map of the Indian subcontinent in the 1480s to the survey maps produced by British colonial official in the 1940s.
See also
List of museums in Pakistan
List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
List of forts in Pakistan
References
The Hidden Culture Inside Mohatta Palace Karachi Laiba Noman
External links
Location
Mohatta Palace Museum at Google Cultural Institute
Buildings and structures in Karachi
Museums in Sindh
Palaces in Pakistan
Royal residences in Pakistan
Heritage sites in Karachi
British colonial architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohatta%20Palace |
Metekhi (Metechi; ) is a historic neighborhood of Tbilisi, Georgia, located (42.92N 44.34E) on the elevated cliff that overlooks the Mtkvari river. The neighborhood is home to the eponymous Metekhi Church of Assumption.
History
The district was one of the earliest inhabited areas on the city's territory. According to traditional accounts, King Vakhtang I Gorgasali erected here a church and a fort which served also as a king's residence; hence comes the name Metekhi which dates back to the 12th century and literally means “the area around the palace”. Tradition holds that it was also a site where the 5th-century martyr lady Saint Shushanik was buried. However, none of these structures have survived the Mongol invasion of 1235.
The extant Metekhi Church of Assumption, resting upon the top of the hill, was built by the Georgian king St Demetrius II circa 1278–1284 and is somewhat an unusual example of domed Georgian Orthodox church. It was later damaged and restored several times. King Rostom (r. 1633–1658) fortified the area around the church with a strong citadel garrisoned by some 3,000 soldiers. Under the Russian rule (established in 1801), the church lost its religious purpose and was used as a barracks (R. G. Suny, p. 93). The citadel was demolished in 1819 and replaced by a new building which functioned as the infamous jail down to the Soviet era, and was closed only in 1938.
Amid the Great Purges, the Georgian Communist chief Lavrenti Pavlovich Beria intended to destroy the church as well, but met a stubborn opposition by a group of Georgian intellectuals led by the painter and art collector Dimitri Shevardnadze. Beria replied to their urges, that it would surely be enough to preserve a scale model of the church so that people could see it in a museum, and then is said to have told Shevardnadze privately that if he gave up his efforts to save the church he would be appointed director of the future museum. The artist refused and was imprisoned and executed (Ami Knight, p. 84). The building was preserved, however. In the later part of Soviet period the church was used as a theatre. The equestrian statue of King Vakhtang I Gorgaslan by the sculptor Elguja Amashukeli was erected in front of the church in 1961.
In the late 1980s, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II launched a popularly supported campaign aiming at the restoration of the church to the Georgian Patriarchate. A well-known dissident and the future president of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia went on a hunger strike in support of this demand. Despite initial resistance from the local Communist leadership, the church became functioning again in 1988.
Architecture
The Metekhi church is a cross-cupola church. While this style was the most common throughout the Middle Ages, the Metekhi church is somewhat anachronistic with its three projecting apses in the east facade and the four freestanding pillars supporting the cupola within. The church is made of brick and dressed stone. The restoration of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries mostly employed brick. The facade is for the most part smooth, with decorative elements concentrated around the windows of the eastern apses. Horizontal bands below the gables run around all four sides and serve as a unifying element. The north portico of the main entrance is not a later addition but was built at the same time as the rest of the church.
Legend has it also that the Metekhi cliff was a site of the martyrdom of Habo (8th century), Tbilisi’s patron saint. A small church in his honor is now under construction at the foot of the cliff.
The cliff is connected to the opposite, right embankment of the Mtkvari river, via a reinforced concrete bridge, which was constructed in 1951 at the place of the two older bridges. Unfortunately, a unique complex of various structures and buildings dating from the 17th to 19th centuries were destroyed during the construction of the bridge. Recently, the city's government announced its intention to restore this part of historic Old Tbilisi as it was in the first half of the 20th century.
References
Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition (December 1994), Indiana University Press,
Amid Knight, Beria: Stalin’s First Lieutenant, Princeton University Press,
Lloyd E Hudman, Eva H Essa, Richard H Jackson, Geography of Travel & Tourism, Thomson Delmar Learning,
External links
Georgia attractions at Sheraton Metechi Palace Hotel website
Neighborhoods of Tbilisi
Georgian Orthodox churches in Tbilisi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metekhi |
Ricky Hill (born 5 March 1959) is an English former footballer, spending most of his playing career at Luton Town FC for 14 years, while representing England at Senior, U21 and U18 International levels. Hill was the fourth Black player to play for England’s Senior National team and the first British South Asian to represent England at the Senior level. Hill began his managerial career as a Player/Coach with the Tampa Bay Rowdies in 1992 and in that season saw the Rowdies appear in both the League Championship final and the Professional Cup final, in addition to Hill also being awarded ‘Coach of the Year’ amongst other notable player accolades such as Best Passer and All-Star First Team. Spanning 25 years managing various professional clubs across the US, UK, and the Caribbean, Hill made 4 US championship appearances at the professional level, reinforcing his standing as one of the most successful Black coaches in the history of US professional soccer. Most recently, Hill authored Love of the Game – Ricky Hill: The Man Who Brought the Rooney Rule to the UK which was nominated as a finalist for the 2022 Sports Books Awards in association with The Sunday Times (UK).
Early life
Ricky Hill was born on 5 March 1959 of mixed ancestry. While Hill's mother is Jamaican, his father’s family is originally from the city of Lucknow in India. His paternal great-grandparents moved to Jamaica from India shortly after the turn of the 20th century. Hill's father Joseph, one of 11 children, eventually moved to London where he married Hill's mother Doris, a Jamaican whom Joseph had previously attended school alongside in Jamaica.
Hill grew up in the London Borough of Brent, in Cricklewood - not far from Wembley Stadium. A talented footballer in his early years, Hill attended Anson Road Primary and John Kelly Boys School (now known as the Crest Boys Academy) in Neasden. Whilst at John Kelly, Hill was a teammate of former Arsenal and Brighton Hove Albion player Steve Gatting.
At 15, Hill signed schoolboy forms with Luton Town FC in 1974 after being scouted playing for John Kelly Boys at a game in Hitchin where Luton coaches Roy McCrohan, David Pleat, and Danny Bergara were in attendance.
Playing career
1975 to 1989 (Luton Town FC - UK)
Ricky Hill joined Luton Town FC in 1975, and made 506 League and Cup appearances, scoring 54 goals in the process from 1976 to 1989. At 17, one month after signing professional terms, Hill came on as a substitute in a Second Division game (now known as the Championship in the UK) where he scored a goal and made a goal assist in twenty-two minutes in a 3-1 victory over Bristol Rovers FC.
Hill spent 14 years at Luton and played a pivotal role in the club’s promotion to the First Division (now known as the Premier League in the UK) in 1981-1982 as Second Division champions, where he won back-to-back ‘Player of the Year’ awards (1980-1982). Hill was a part of the 1988 Littlewoods Cup final-winning team that won their first – and only to date – major trophy as they beat Arsenal 3-2 at Wembley Stadium in front of 98k fans. They returned to the final again in 1989, only this time to experience defeat to Brian Clough’s Nottingham Forest by 3-1.
1982 to 1986 (England National Team)
Ricky Hill represented England at U18, U21, and Senior International levels, making his debut under Sir Bobby Robson, coming on as a substitute in the 1982 European Championship qualifier against Denmark in Copenhagen which resulted in a 2-2 draw. The following month Hill made his full starting debut against West Germany at Wembley in a 1-2 defeat. Hill missed out on the 1983 Australia tour due to an injury that required surgery. While being selected to the provisional 26-man squad for the 1986 World Cup Finals in Mexico, Hill was placed on standby after the squad was reduced to a 22-man traveling party.
Hill was the fourth Black player to play for England’s senior National team and the first British South Asian to represent England at the senior level. He was capped three times in total for England, with his last appearance being against Egypt on 29 January 1986.
1989 to 1990 (Le Havre – France)
In 1989, Hill moved on a free transfer to Le Havre in the French Second Division, where he was recommended to the club by Gerard Houllier, former Manager of the French National team, Paris St. Germain, Liverpool, and Aston Villa. Whilst at Le Havre, Hill played under head coach Pierre Mankowski who went on to become assistant manager to Raymond Domenech with the French National team. Hill credits his time at Le Havre for providing him advanced insight into sports science and youth development of which the club is renowned. Young players who came through the Le Havre academy system include Paul Pogba, Riyad Mahrez, Lassana Diarra, Benjamin Mendy, and Dimitri Payet.
1990 to 1991 (Leicester City FC – UK)
In 1990, Hill transferred to Leicester City FC, rejoining David Pleat for a brief spell who had been his manager at Luton Town FC previously.
1991 to 1992 (Tampa Bay Rowdies – USA)
In 1991, Hill moved abroad to be Player/Coach with the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the US.
1993 to 1994 (Chertsey Town FC - UK)
In 1993, Hill played for Chertsey Town FC in the UK with former professionals including Kenny Sansom (Arsenal, Crystal Palace, England), Francis Joseph (Sheffield United, Wimbledon, Brentford) and Terry Rowe (Brentford, Tampa Bay Rowdies).
1994 to 1995 (Cocoa Expos – USA)
In 1994, Hill moved back to the US to be the Technical Director/Player Coach with the Cocoa Expos.
Coaching career
1992 to 1996 (USA)
In 1992 Ricky Hill was introduced to Rodney Marsh, then CEO of the Tampa Bay Rowdies, who were part of the American Professional Soccer League (APSL), the only professional soccer league in the US at the time. The Tampa Bay Rowdies afforded Hill’s first opportunity in coaching where Marsh appointed Hill as Player/Coach six weeks after Hill’s arrival in the US. That season saw the Rowdies appear in both the League Championship final and the Professional Cup final, in addition to Hill also being awarded ‘Coach of the Year’ amongst other notable player accolades such as Best Passer, All-Star First Team, Second Best Technical Player as voted by press correspondents.
Hill returned to the UK briefly before once again heading back to the US in 1994 as the Technical Director/Player Coach of the Cocoa Expos organization in the United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) and as an Assistant Coach at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) from 1994-1996. During his time with the Cocoa Expos, the franchise won the Southern Regional title before losing to the Richmond Kickers in the USISL Championship finals. For the 1995 season, the Cocoa Expos held esteemed records of scoring the most goals and conceding the least goals across all USISL professional teams.
1996 to 2000 (England)
David Pleat was now managing Premiership club Sheffield Wednesday FC and headhunted Hill with an offer to join their organization. Despite having experienced another successful period in the USA, Hill took up the post in 1996 with the remit of coaching Sheffield Wednesdays’ young apprentices (16–19 years old), preparing them for their next steps towards becoming professional players. Hill and Charlie Williamson had great success in the elevation of 16 out of 18 players being granted professional contracts over a two-year period. Players from that cohort who went on to have lengthy professional careers include Steven Haslam (Sheffield Wednesday), Leigh Bromby (Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United, Leeds, Watford, Huddersfield Town), Alan Quinn (Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United, Ipswich Town), Derek Geary (Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United), Kevin Nicholson (Sheffield Wednesday, Notts County, Torquay United), Peter Holmes (Luton Town, Chesterfield, Rotherham United), and Junior Agogo (Sheffield Wednesday, Nottingham Forest, Bristol Rovers, San Jose Earthquakes, Colorado Rapids). In 1999 the U19 side finished runner-up in the Premiership Academy Cup, losing 1-0 after extra time to the West Ham FA Youth Cup winning side that included future England internationals Joe Cole, Michael Carrick, and a host of future premiership and league players.
Whilst at Sheffield Wednesday, Hill collaborated in 1998 with the American MLS Project-40 program (now known as Generation Adidas), an elite National soccer development program for young MLS players; Project-40 players such as Ubsusuko Abukusumo (Columbus Crew) and Judah Crooks (DC United) were then invited back to Sheffield Wednesday for an extensive training period under Hill. Project-40 raised Hill's visibility to DC United where he was downselected as one of two finalist candidates for the DC United Head Coaching position, a role to be vacated by Bruce Arena who was moving on to become the USA National Team Head Coach.
In 1999, Tottenham Hotspur FC of the English Premier League recruited Hill to join Tottenham as Head Coach while leading player development in the Academy U16-17 setup. While at Tottenham, Hill coached a talented cohort of young players such as Ledley King, Peter Crouch, Luke Young, Johnnie Jackson, Stephen Kelly, Dean Marney – all of whom went on to have notable professional careers, and in some cases represented their countries of birth at senior international levels.
In 2000 Luton Town FC, then of the English Football League One (EFL), approached Hill to be Manager, which he accepted having spent 14 years there as a player. Unfortunately, Hill’s post ended after four months due to circumstances beyond his control where the club had financial challenges over the prior four years, was recently out of administration, and held a first team roster of 15 youth players where ~80% of the first team was released at the end of the season.
2003 to 2004 (Trinidad & Tobago)
San Juan Jabloteh of the Trinidad and Tobago Professional League was Hill’s next coaching opportunity, after taking over from former England and club teammate Terry Fenwick. From 2003-2004 at San Juan Jabloteh as the Technical Director/Head Coach, Hill experienced unprecedented success with the club winning four out of the five competitions entered. This includes the CFU competition which recognizes the winning team as the best professional club across the Caribbean with qualification to the CONCACAF Champions League for the winners. After making it to the quarterfinals of the CONCACAF Champions League for the only time in the club’s history, San Juan Jabloteh became the first Caribbean club side to beat the Major League Soccer (MLS) Champions when defeating the Chicago Fire 5-2 in Port of Spain, Trinidad. San Juan’s CFU Championship is the first and only time the club has won this prestigious trophy, where Hill was again awarded the ‘Coach of the Year'. During this successful run, San Juan Jabloteh provided the Trinidad and Tobago National team with 13 players who played during their only ever qualification for the World Cup Finals in Germany in 2006.
2005 to 2010 (England)
Hill moved back to the UK where he was selected and interviewed by Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United FC in relation to a Reserve Team post and he made it through to the final two candidates for the position of Manchester United Reserve Team Manager (2nd Team). Hill then worked in the sports management industry, advising and mentoring several elite premiership and league players (e.g., Ashley Young, Matthew Taylor, Adrian Mariappa, Leigh Bromby, Harry Forrester, Richard Langley, Paul McLaren).
2011 to 2016 (USA)
Hill returned to the US in January 2011 to coach the Tampa Bay Rowdies for a second time, arguably the most recognized professional American club outside of the MLS. The Rowdies were now playing in the revamped North American Soccer League (NASL) after a league long term hiatus in the 80s. Hill initially joined the organization as Head Coach but also added the Technical Director role to his remit soon thereafter. In 2012 the Rowdies were crowned the NASL Champions defeating Minnesota Stars in the final. This championship was the first for the club in 27 years, where Hill received another ‘Coach of the Year’ award. The following season in Open Cup competition, the Rowdies defeated the Seattle Sounders (MLS) 1-0 in the third round where the Sounders were cup finalists for five consecutive years prior; the Rowdies beat the Sounders despite losing caliber players like Luke Mulholland, Fafa Picault, and Jeff Attinella to the MLS at the end of the 2012 Championship season. During Hill’s four-year tenure, the club was awarded three Fair Play awards out of a possible four, demonstrating the disciplined environment that Hill created throughout that period.
Hill’s contract with the Tampa Bay Rowdies ended in 2016, and he has since been involved in several sports industry and player development programs across the USA, England, and Jamaica. His coaching success with 4 championship appearances in the US at the professional level reinforces his standing as one of the most successful Black coaches in the history of US professional soccer.
Publications
In 2021, Hill penned the autobiography Love of the Game – Ricky Hill: The Man Who Brought the Rooney Rule to the UK, which was nominated as a finalist for the 2022 Sports Books Awards in association with The Sunday Times (UK).
Synopsis of “Love of the Game – Ricky Hill
"Ricky Hill grew up beneath the shadow of Wembley Stadium, where he sold programmes at England games as a boy. When he was seven, he was told by a teacher that only two in every hundred boys could possibly make it as a professional footballer. Ricky told her he would be one of the two. Ten years later, this gifted midfielder scored on his debut for Luton Town. Ricky stayed with Luton for 14 years, made 506 League and Cup appearances, and became a club legend. Emerging at a time when racism was rife, he was only the fourth Black player to represent England. Later, as a coach, he had to fight to smash down barriers holding back Black managers and devised an equivalent of the NFL's 'Rooney Rule' to help Black applicants secure senior coaching jobs in English football. While Ricky has won trophies and awards overseas, he has been overlooked in this country. In Love of the Game, he tells the shocking story behind his short spell in charge of Luton and reveals just how much the football decision-makers in England have ignored him and other Black coaches." -- Reproduced from “Love of the Game – Ricky Hill: The Man Who Brought the Rooney Rule to the UK”, 2021 with permission from Pitch Publishing Ltd (ISBN 9781785318269)
Media Reviews of Love of the Game – Ricky Hill
"Hill's story is a perfect example of how racism of a different kind, that which manifests itself in unconscious bias, still appears to exist... Hill, who won three England caps under Bobby Robson, has not given up on a return to coaching even at the age of 62. This book stands as powerful advocacy for his cause." -- Backpass Magazine
"An excellent book, an easy read but not a comfortable one." -- Verite Sport
Honors
Ricky Hill Honors as Player
International Recognition
1982 – 1983 & 1985 – 1986 – Three England Senior International appearances
1984 – England U21 International
1976 – England Youth International
Club Recognition
1992 – American Professional Soccer League player awards with the Tampa Bay Rowdies: Best Passer, All-Star First Team, Second Best Technical Player
1989 – Runner-up of the Littlewoods Cup Final with Luton Town FC losing 3-1 to Nottingham Forest FC
1988 – Winner of the Littlewoods Cup Final with Luton Town FC defeating Arsenal FC 3-2 in Wembley Stadium
1981 – 1982 – Promotion to Division One with Luton Town FC; awarded Player of the Year in back-to-back years
Ricky Hill Honors as Coach
2011 – 2014 – Tampa Bay Rowdies as Technical Director & Head Coach
2012 – North American Soccer League (NASL) Soccer Bowl Champions
2012 – North American Soccer League (NASL) Coach of the Year
Fair Play Award Winners in 2011, 2012, and 2014 (NASL)
2003 – 2004 – CL Financial San Juan Jabloteh as Technical Director & Head Coach
2003 – Trinidad and Tobago Pro League Coach of the Year
2003 – Trinidad and Tobago Pro League Champion; winners of the First Citizens Cup, the DIGICEL Pro Bowl and the Caribbean Football Union Cup (CFU) (which represents the best professional club across the Caribbean region)
2004 – Quarterfinalist in the CONCACAF Champions League
2004 – Victory of the CFU qualified Jabloteh as one of 8 teams to participate in the CONCACAF Club Championship Tournament
1996 – 1999 – Sheffield Wednesday FC as U19 Head Coach
1999 – Premier League Academy Cup U19 runner-up, losing to West Ham United
1994 – 1996 – Cocoa Expos as Technical Director & Player Coach
1995 – USISL Premier League Eastern Division Champions
1995 – USISL Championship runner-up, losing to Richmond Kickers
1995 – Team record of scoring the most # of goals and conceding the least # of goals in the USISL
1992 – Tampa Bay Rowdies as Head Coach & Player
1992 – American Professional Soccer League (APSL) Coach of the Year
1992 – American Professional Soccer League (APSL) runner-up
1992 – Professional Cup runner-up to Colorado Foxes
References
1959 births
Living people
England men's international footballers
English men's footballers
English expatriate men's footballers
Black British sportsmen
Luton Town F.C. managers
Luton Town F.C. players
Le Havre AC players
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate soccer coaches in the United States
Leicester City F.C. players
American Professional Soccer League players
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993) players
Cocoa Expos players
TT Pro League managers
Tampa Bay Rowdies coaches
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) coaches
Chertsey Town F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Player-coaches
San Juan Jabloteh F.C. managers
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English football managers
Footballers from the London Borough of Brent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky%20Hill |
James Thompson Prothro Jr. (July 20, 1920 – May 14, 1995) was an American football coach and player. He was the head coach at Oregon State University from 1955 to 1964 and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1965 to 1970, compiling a career college football record of 104–55–5 ().
Prothro moved to the professional ranks of the National Football League (NFL) in as head coach of the Los Angeles Rams, a position he held for two seasons. He then coached the San Diego Chargers from 1974 to 1978, tallying a career NFL mark of 35–51–2 (). Prothro was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1991.
Early life and playing career
Prothro, a native of Memphis, Tennessee, was the son of Major League Baseball player and manager Doc Prothro, who played for three teams between 1920 and 1926, then managed the Philadelphia Phillies from 1939 to 1941 before buying the minor league Memphis Chicks. His uncle, Clifton B. Cates, was commandant of the United States Marine Corps from 1948 to 1952.
The younger Prothro found his niche in football, starting out as a quarterback for Wallace Wade's Duke Blue Devils. In 1941, Prothro's versatility on the field helped him win the Jacobs award as the best blocker in the Southern Conference as the Blue Devils reached the 1942 Rose Bowl. During his time at the school, Prothro also competed in baseball and lacrosse, and graduated from the school in 1942 with a degree in political science.
Prothro was selected in the fifth round of the 1942 NFL Draft by the New York Giants, but rejected the opportunity in favor of a budding coaching career and a brief attempt at professional baseball.
Assistant coaching career and military service
Prothro spent that fall as an assistant coach at Western Kentucky University. He then entered the U.S. Navy during World War II, serving for 39 months. Prothro was promoted to lieutenant and served as a gunnery officer aboard the (CVE-23), an escort aircraft carrier.
After the war, Prothro served from 1946 to 1948 as an assistant coach at Vanderbilt University, under head coach Red Sanders, coaching the freshmen during his first year. When Sanders became head coach at UCLA, he brought Prothro with him. Over the next six years, Prothro used the single-wing formation as UCLA's backfield coach, helping the Bruins to an undefeated season and national championship in 1954.
College head coaching career
Oregon State
That success translated into his hiring as head coach at Oregon State College on February 1, 1955. The Beavers had won just one of nine games the previous season, but improved to six wins in Prothro's first season, then reached the 1957 Rose Bowl. In 1962, the Beavers won a 6–0 decision over Villanova University in the Liberty Bowl; they were led by quarterback Terry Baker, who won the Heisman Trophy. Baker's 99-yard run from scrimmage was the only score in the game and remains an NCAA record. In 1964, Oregon State were admitted into the AAWU and tied for first place with USC. Due to their recent entry into that conference with schedules set years in advance, the Beavers and Trojans did not meet in 1964. Although Oregon State was assured of a better overall record (8–2) than USC (6–3), the AAWU announced it would delay its decision regarding the Rose Bowl berth until after USC's final game vs. undefeated and top-ranked Notre Dame. This made USC fans infer that, if the Trojans had a strong showing against heavily favored Notre Dame, they might somehow get the Rose Bowl berth despite Oregon State's better record. USC upset Notre Dame, 20–17, and USC fans were outraged when Oregon State was awarded the Rose Bowl anyway. This would be a factor two years later. In the 1965 Rose Bowl, the Beavers went ahead 7–0 in the second quarter, but went on lose big to Michigan 34–7. Ten days later, Prothro left Oregon State to replace Bill Barnes at UCLA. Prothro compiled a 63–37–2 mark in his decade at Oregon State, with only one losing season. He was replaced by Dee Andros, the head coach at Idaho, whose Vandals had played Oregon State tough in 1964 in Corvallis, defeated 10-7 by a late third quarter OSU punt return. The previous year, he led Idaho to its first winning season in a quarter century.
UCLA
1965
On January 11, 1965, he was hired as head coach at UCLA to replace William F. Barnes. In the 1965 football season, the Bruins lost their season opening game 13–3 at Michigan State, who then rose to become the top-ranked team in the country. The unheralded Bruins would go on a seven-game undefeated streak, surprising national powers like Syracuse and Penn State. Going into the 1965 UCLA–USC rivalry football game ranked #7, the conference championship and 1966 Rose Bowl were on the line. #6 USC, led by Heisman Trophy winner Mike Garrett led 16–6 until UCLA got a touchdown on a pass from Gary Beban to Dick Witcher with four minutes to play. After the two-point conversion made it 16–14, UCLA recovered an onside kick. Beban then hit Kurt Altenberg on a 50-yard bomb and UCLA won, 20–16. Integrated UCLA then faced all-white Tennessee in the newly built Liberty Bowl stadium in Memphis, Prothro's native city. On the last play of the game, Tennessee defensive back Bob Petrella intercepted a UCLA pass to save a Volunteer win by a score of 37–34. Tennessee's winning drive was aided by a controversial pass interference call, the clock had questionably stopped twice, and a dropped pass that appeared to be a lateral was recovered by UCLA but was later ruled an incomplete forward pass. After the game, Prothro stated, "For the first time in my life, I am ashamed to be a Southerner."
The Bruins went to the 1966 Rose Bowl as a 14½ point underdog in a rematch with undefeated and #1 ranked powerhouse Michigan State. UCLA, now dubbed "The Miracle Bruins" by Sports Illustrated, vanquished the heavily favored Spartans 14–12. That victory gave UCLA an 8–2–1 mark, prevented the Spartans from winning the AP title, and resulted in Prothro earning Coach of the Year accolades from his coaching colleagues. UCLA finished #4 that season, and due to their small size, earned the enduring moniker, "Gutty little Bruins."
1966
Heading into the final game of the 1966 season vs. USC, UCLA was 2–1 in conference games, 8–1 overall and ranked #5 in the country. The Bruins, featuring a "dream backfield" of All-Americans Gary Beban and Mel Farr, lost only one game, at rainy Washington, 16–3, where Huskies' head coach Jim Owens had devoted his entire season to beating Prothro. UCLA had beaten UW the season before, 28–24, with Prothro's trick play, the Z-streak in which a receiver trots towards the sideline like he's going out of the game and then runs a streak pattern unguarded by the inattentive defender. USC was 4–0 in conference and 7–1 overall, having lost to the unranked Miami Hurricanes. The Bruins and Trojans played a different number of conference games due to uneven scheduling caused by new AAWU members Oregon and Oregon State and schedules made years in advance. It was widely assumed that only losses would be considered and the winner of the 1966 UCLA-USC game would go to the 1967 Rose Bowl. UCLA star quarterback Gary Beban broke his ankle the week before in a win over Stanford, but backup Norman Dow, making his first and only start at quarterback, led UCLA to a 14–7 win. That left USC with a 4–1 conference record (7–2 overall) and #5 UCLA with a 3–1 conference record (9–1) overall. Due to their win over USC, it was widely assumed UCLA would get the Rose Bowl berth. However, a vote the next Monday among the AAWU conference athletic directors awarded USC the Rose Bowl berth. It was speculated that the directors believed Beban could not play for UCLA in the Rose Bowl due to the broken ankle, thereby giving the Big Ten Conference representative, Purdue, a better chance to win. As it turned out, Beban could have played. But a bigger reason was that this was to make up for 1964 when Oregon State was voted in ahead of USC. The coach of Oregon State in 1964 was Prothro. Another speculation was the vote was against UCLA out of pure jealousy by the rest of the conference, which voted 7–1 for the clearly inferior team. This vote deprived Prothro of being the first coach to earn three consecutive Rose Bowl berths and UCLA athletic director J. D. Morgan called it a "gross injustice" and the "a dark day in UCLA and AAWU Athletic history." Inflamed UCLA students who had gathered for the Rose Bowl celebration rally, took to the streets of Westwood in protest and actually blocked the 405 Freeway for a short time. Ironically, Morgan was the force behind establishing a tie-breaking method adopted by the conference one year later in which only loss column counted; the first tiebreaker was head-to-head results, followed by overall record. If there was still a tie, the Rose Bowl berth would go to the team that had not played in the Rose Bowl the longest. But it was too late for UCLA. In their final game, USC made the AAWU decision look bad by losing at home in the L.A. Coliseum to Notre Dame, 51–0. They went on to lose the Rose Bowl as well to Purdue, 14–13, finishing the season at 7–4.
1967
Two years later, Prothro helped a second quarterback capture the Heisman Trophy when Gary Beban was awarded the trophy after the regular season. He would bring his #1 ranked UCLA Bruin team to face #2 USC in one of the "Games of the Century". Despite playing with cracked ribs, Beban threw for 301 yards, but UCLA lost, 21–20, on a spectacular 64-yard run by O. J. Simpson in the 1967 USC vs. UCLA football game. Another big factor was UCLA's acclaimed sophomore kicker Zenon Andrusyshyn missing a chip shot field goal, and having two field goals and an extra point attempt blocked.
1968
In what was acknowledged to be a rebuilding year, the Bruins opened the 1968 season with a 63–7 defeat of Pittsburgh and a win over Washington State. The season ground to a halt at Syracuse and with the season-ending injury of quarterback Billy Bolden, and UCLA would win only one more game, over Stanford 20–17. The Bruins gave #1 USC and Heisman Trophy winner O. J. Simpson a scare in a 28–16 loss; UCLA trailed 21–16 late in the fourth quarter and had the ball inside USC's 10-yard line, but USC recovered a fumble and then used almost all of the remaining time in driving for their insurance touchdown.
1969
This was the year Prothro had geared his recruiting efforts towards as he believed this was his best team and was capable of contending for the national championship. The Bruins, quarterbacked by a sensational junior college transfer Dennis Dummit who was discovered by Prothro, were undefeated until they faced #10 Stanford on the road. Once again, Prothro was let down by now-senior kicker Zenon Andrusyshyn as he missed a short field goal late in the game with the score tied 20–20. Suddenly, two long Jim Plunkett passes had Stanford in field goal range in the final seconds, but UCLA blocked Steve Horowitz's field goal attempt, and preserved the tie.
Once again, the UCLA-USC game would decide the Pac-8 title and the 1970 Rose Bowl berth. UCLA was ranked 6th with a 5–0–1 record in conference and 8–0–1 overall USC was #5 and was 6–0 in conference and 8–0–1 overall (tied Notre Dame in South Bend, 14–14); UCLA and USC were both unbeaten coming into their rivalry game for the first time since 1952. UCLA scored midway through the fourth quarter to take a 12–7 lead (knowing he need a win and not a tie to advance to the Rose Bowl, Prothro had the Bruins go for two after each touchdown and each attempt failed). USC then drove to the winning touchdown with 1:38 to play to win 14–12. The Trojans were aided by two controversial calls; the first was a dubious pass interference call on UCLA's Danny Graham on a 4th-and-10 incompletion. Secondly, on the winning touchdown pass reception, USC receiver Sam Dickerson appeared to be either out of bounds, out of the back of the end zone, or both. This loss supposedly was harder for Prothro to take than the 1967 loss and the freak officiating calls resembled the debacle at Tennessee in 1965.
1970
In his final season at UCLA, Prothro's team suffered a rash of key injuries and finished 6–5, yet they were three close games from a 9–2 season and Rose Bowl berth. Before those injuries set in, UCLA took a 3–0 record into Austin to play defending national champ and top ranked Texas. Trailing 13–3 at the half, UCLA rallied and had a 17–13 lead in the final minute. But with 12 seconds left, Texas completed a long pass when their receiver caught the ball between two UCLA defenders, who then collided, allowing the receiver to score. UCLA also blew a 20-point fourth quarter lead against Oregon, when Ducks sophomore quarterback Dan Fouts rallied his team to three touchdowns and a 41–40 win. Finally, there came the showdown with Stanford; the game was expected to be a shootout between UCLA quarterback Dennis Dummit and Heisman winner Jim Plunkett. But the defenses ruled as UCLA took a 7–6 lead into the 4th quarter. Stanford took a 9–7 lead on a field goal, but UCLA was driving to a potential game-winning field goal or touchdown themselves when they completed a pass inside the Stanford 10-yard-line, only to have the receiver get sandwiched by two defenders on the tackle and fumble. This game ultimately decided the Pac-8 championship and 1971 Rose Bowl representative. The season ended on a high note however, when UCLA beat rival USC, 45–20, in a game that was not that close. This would end up being Prothro's final game at UCLA. Prothro was frustrated by bizarre officiating at critical moments, numerous last minute narrow losses, and losing out of the Rose Bowl by the conference vote in 1966. Prothro also decried the Pac-8 rule that only allowed the conference champion to go to a bowl game; he witnessed many lower ranked inferior teams (often ones he defeated during the season) go to bowl games while his Bruins stayed home. After George Allen was fired by the Los Angeles Rams, Prothro accepted that job.
The briefcase
One of Prothro's unusual characteristics was the fact he carried a briefcase to the sidelines in each game he coached at Oregon State and UCLA. Dressed in a suit and tie, fedora, and thick black framed glasses, he looked more like he was going to a business meeting than to coach a football game. The mystery was nobody knew what, if anything, was in the briefcase. Prothro was never seen opening it during games, and even his players weren't sure what was in it. Some speculated game plans, some thought scouting reports, and some thought it was empty. Los Angeles Times sports columnist Jim Murray once suggested in jest that all the briefcase contained was "a couple of peanut-butter sandwiches."
NFL head coaching career
Los Angeles Rams
On January 2, 1971, Prothro accepted a new challenge when he was hired as head coach of the Los Angeles Rams. In his first season, playing the league's toughest schedule, he guided an aging Rams team to an 8–5–1 record, missing the playoffs when the San Francisco 49ers came from behind to beat the Detroit Lions, 31–27, in the season's final game and win the NFC West by one half game. In his second year, the Rams showed their age when injuries hit the team in the second half of the season. After starting 5–2–1, the Rams lost five of their last six games to finish 6–7–1, good for third place in the NFC West. After two seasons in which he compiled a 14–12–2 record and failed to reach the playoffs, Prothro was dismissed on January 24, 1973, in favor of Chuck Knox. However, Prothro left his mark on the team by trading many aging veterans, often to George Allen's Washington Redskins, and stocking up young talent and draft picks; players such as Lawrence McCutcheon, Isiah Robertson, Dave Elmendorf, Larry Brooks, Jim Bertelsen, Jack "Hacksaw" Reynolds, and Hall of Famer Jack Youngblood were the core of the Rams teams of the 1970s that won seven straight NFC Western division titles.
Six weeks after his departure, Prothro filed a $1.9 million lawsuit against the Rams, alleging new Rams owner Carroll Rosenbloom breached his contract by dismissing him "without cause". However, on May 23, 1973, the two sides settled out of court, with Prothro being paid $225,000 to cover the final three years of his contract. For the next eight months, Prothro remained out of the game, actively pursuing investment strategies, as well as his main hobby, competitive bridge.
San Diego Chargers
The San Diego Chargers hired Prothro as their new head coach on January 8, 1974, placing him in charge of rebuilding the once-proud franchise that had become mired in mediocrity and a drug scandal. During his first two years, the team continued to struggle, going 5–9 in 1974, and bottoming out with a 2–12 mark in 1975. From 1974 to 1977, though, Prothro drafted a number of players who would have a major impact on the franchise in years to come. Some of these players included wide receiver John Jefferson, centers Bob Rush and Don Macek, linebackers Woodrow Lowe and Don Goode, defensive linemen Gary "Big Hands" Johnson, Louie Kelcher and Fred Dean. He was also instrumental in the development of Dan Fouts into a Hall of Fame quarterback.
These drafts paid immediate dividends as the Chargers improved to 6–8 in 1976, and 7–7 in 1977, including a 12–7 win over rival Oakland that cost the Raiders the division title. The team seemed ready to make their move during the 1978 NFL season. However, a 1–3 start, marked by a loss to the Raiders in what became known as the Holy Roller game of September 10, caused Prothro to abruptly resign as head coach, replaced by Don Coryell. The Chargers finished 1978 with a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 1969, as the team Prothro helped build won three straight AFC Western Division titles and made the playoffs every year from 1979 to 1982.
Cleveland Browns
After less than five months away from the game, Prothro once again returned on February 14, 1979, this time as Player Personnel Director of the Cleveland Browns. During his three years with the team, he was responsible for drafting future Pro Bowl players Cody Risien and Hanford Dixon, among others. The Browns improved from an 8–8 record in 1978 to 9–7 in 1979, and then supplanted the two time defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers as AFC Central Division champs in 1980 with an 11–5 record. Known as the "Kardiac Kids," the team, in both 1979 and 1980, won several games near the end of regulation
or in overtime. Only an ill-advised interception in the end zone (when the Browns were in easy field goal range) in a 14–12 playoff loss to the Oakland Raiders cost Cleveland a shot at Prothro's former team, the Chargers, in the AFC title game. He resigned his post with Cleveland after the 1981 season.
Retirement
Prothro would not return to football in any official capacity for the remainder of his life, but was honored for his career efforts by selection to the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame in 1985, the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1989, and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1991. An expert bridge player, for a number of years he partnered with Omar Sharif in international competition. A heavy smoker (up to 4 packs a day), he died in 1995 after a three-year battle with cancer.
Legacy
Prothro was known as a master tactician with an uncanny ability to get the most out his players and team. His teams were often not as physically gifted or they were much smaller than their opponents, but through great teamwork, superior game plans, and an assortment of trick plays, they often made up for physical disadvantages by outsmarting the other teams. Even in the pros, he had an aging Rams team in playoff contention until the final game of the season, often relying on outsmarting other teams that had better talent. As a disciple of the single wing formation under Red Sanders, Prothro preferred athletic quarterbacks who could run and pass (Terry Baker, Gary Beban), even bringing some of that philosophy to the pros and having Rams QB Roman Gabriel make some big plays on designed runs. He later made his mark as an excellent evaluator and developer of talent as he built the Chargers and Browns from being sub-.500 teams to division champions.
On August 22, 2016, The Tournament of Roses announced Bobby Bell, Ricky Ervins, Tommy Prothro, and Art Spander would be inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame in the Class of 2016. The Rose Bowl Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony then took place on January 1, 2017, outside the Rose Bowl Stadium, one day before the kickoff of the 103rd Rose Bowl Game on Monday January 2, 2017.
Head coaching record
College
Professional
References
External links
1920 births
1995 deaths
Cleveland Browns executives
Duke Blue Devils football players
Los Angeles Rams coaches
Oregon State Beavers football coaches
San Diego Chargers coaches
UCLA Bruins football coaches
Vanderbilt Commodores football coaches
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy officers
American contract bridge players
Players of American football from Memphis, Tennessee
Deaths from cancer in Tennessee
San Diego Chargers head coaches
Los Angeles Rams head coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Prothro |
Cooper High School may refer to:
Cooper High School (Abilene, Texas)
Cooper High School (Cooper, Texas)
Cooper City High School, Florida
Randall K. Cooper High School, Union, Kentucky
Robbinsdale Cooper High School, New Hope, Minnesota
See also
Cooper School (disambiguation)
Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper%20High%20School |
Wittlich-Land is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Bernkastel-Wittlich, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is located around the town Wittlich, which is the seat of Wittlich-Land, but not part of the Verbandsgemeinde. On 1 July 2014 it was expanded with the municipalities of the former Verbandsgemeinde Manderscheid.
Wittlich-Land consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
Altrich
Arenrath
Bergweiler
Bettenfeld
Binsfeld
Bruch
Dierfeld
Dierscheid
Dodenburg
Dreis
Eckfeld
Eisenschmitt
Esch
Gipperath
Gladbach
Greimerath
Großlittgen
Hasborn
Heckenmünster
Heidweiler
Hetzerath
Hupperath
Karl
Klausen
Landscheid
Laufeld
Manderscheid
Meerfeld
Minderlittgen
Musweiler
Niederöfflingen
Niederscheidweiler
Niersbach
Oberöfflingen
Oberscheidweiler
Osann-Monzel
Pantenburg
Platten
Plein
Rivenich
Salmtal
Schladt
Schwarzenborn
Sehlem
Wallscheid
Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittlich-Land |
The Spælsau (Old Norwegian Short Tail Landrace, Gamalnorsk spæl Norwegian) is a breed of sheep from Norway. Many consider Spælsau to be the original breed of sheep in Norway, and it is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep breeds. It is well adapted to the climate and was a domestic animal from the Iron Age. The spælsau stock is about 22% of the sheep in Norway.
In 1912, to prevent extinction of the breed, two breeding stations were established. Icelandic sheep were crossed through semen imported in the 1960s and 1970s. Finnsheep and Faroe Island sheep were also used in the breeding program. This breed is raised primarily for meat.
Characteristics
Originally it is compact and lightly built and does not need much concentrated food. The meat has relatively little fat. The Spælsau gives rich milk, has a strong flock instinct, and manages well outdoors most of the year. But it is vulnerable to eye disease caused by eating the plant Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum). Wool colours include black and white but common among older types (Gamalnorsk and Villsau) are many variations and shades of grey (known as `blue`) and brown (known as `red`)
Adult ewes reach a live weight of to .
Uses
It gives milk and meat of good quality. The wool is characterised through having two layers: An outer longhaired glossy undulating layer of wool protecting the underlying layer against wind and rain, and an underlying layer which keeps the sheep warm. The long protective wool which is used for weaving is traditionally spun into two-strand tightly-spun yarn instead of the usual three-strand type, resulting in a beautiful lustre. This spælsau yarn was used in the Norwegian old tapestries from the Renaissance and Baroque times. The Viking ship sails were made from spælsau yarn. The wool was also in the old days used in clothing because it was light, stable and absorbed little moisture.
See also
Norwegian Elkhound
Norwegian Lundehund
Norwegian Forest Cat
Icelandic goat
Norwegian chicken landrace
Old Norwegian Sheep
References
External links
Sheep-Isles
Sheep breeds
Sheep breeds originating in Norway
Sheep landraces | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A6lsau |
Morbach is a municipality that belongs to no Verbandsgemeinde – a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also a state-recognized climatic resort (Luftkurort).
Geography
Location
The municipality lies at an elevation of between 430 and 770 m above sea level in the low mountain range of the Hunsrück on the boundary with the Birkenfeld district, roughly 25 km southeast of Wittlich and 35 km east of Trier. Its population is 11,051. The nearest town is Bernkastel-Kues.
The terrain is one of rolling hills, with superbly organized and maintained stretches of forest interspersed with manicured farmland. Some of the highest (cleanest) air readings in all of Northern Europe have been measured near this area.
Climate
Constituent communities
The municipality of Morbach is subdivided into the following Ortsteile:
History
Until municipal administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate in 1969, the municipality belonged to the Bernkastel district, with its seat at Bernkastel-Kues. The municipality as it is today arose on 31 December 1974 when the new municipality of Morbach was formed out of Morbach itself and the 18 until then self-administering municipalities of Bischofsdhron, Elzerath, Gonzerath, Gutenthal, Haag, Heinzerath, Hinzerath, Hoxel, Hundheim, Hunolstein, Merscheid, Morscheid-Riedenburg, Odert, Rapperath, Wederath, Weiperath, Wenigerath and Wolzburg.
Within what is now the outlying centre of Wenigerath lay the US Air Force's Wenigerath Munitions Depot until 1995. Beginning in the 1950s, several hundred United States Air Force Munitions Systems personnel, otherwise known as “ammo troops”, worked at the so-called Wenigerath Non-Nuclear Munitions Storage Area and lived in Morbach and neighbouring villages in support of NATO operations launched from nearby Hahn Air base. The former “bomb dump”, which ceased operations after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, is now dotted with wind turbines, photovoltaic cells and various technologies which serve as an “Energy Farm”.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 28 honorary council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the full-time mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Culture and sightseeing
Particularly worth seeing is the railway viaduct in the outlying centre of Hoxel, which is one of the highest single-level stone railway bridges in Germany.
Other points of interest in the Morbach area are:
Castle Baldenau
the Archäologiepark Belginum, which informs the visitor about the historical settlement of Belginum on the Hunsrückhöhenstraße (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring’s orders) near Hinzerath
the wood museum in the outlying centre of Weiperath
the telephone museum in Morbach.
Economy and infrastructure
Established businesses
Morbach is headquarters to Papier-Mettler, a German manufacturer of paper and plastic packaging.
Transport
Public transport is integrated into the Verkehrsverbund Region Trier (VRT), whose fares therefore apply. Bus route 300 of the Rhein-Mosel-Verkehrsgesellschaft links the municipality every two hours with the main railway station in Wittlich on the Koblenz-Trier railway line. Bus route 343 from Omnibusverkehr Rhein-Nahe runs a service on weekdays to the Idar-Oberstein railway station on the Saarbrücken-Mainz railway line.
Through Morbach run Bundesstraßen 269 and 327, as does the Hunsrückquerbahn (“Cross-Hunsrück Railway”), a railway line between Langenlonsheim and Hermeskeil, which at the moment lies idle, although it is to be reactivated, at least from Morbach as far as Bingen, for its usefulness as a link to Frankfurt-Hahn Airport.
The municipality of Morbach is the location of a great wind farm with fourteen wind turbines, a big photovoltaic complex, a biogas complex and a wood pellet works. The rent on the wind farm earns the municipality €280,000 each year.
The municipality of Morbach fulfils the criteria of a “1a” shopping town and was awarded the certificate in May 2008.
Famous people
Johannes Greber (1874–1944), Catholic priest and spiritualist
Edgar Reitz (b. 1 November 1932), author, filmmaker, professor of film science
Jakob Maria Mierscheid (b. 1 March 1933), member of German Bundestag, fictitious politician
Gabriele Andretta (b. 1961), German politician (SPD), Member of the Lower Saxony Landtag since 1998
Stefan Gemmel (b. 1970), author of books for children and youth
Mathias Jacobs (b. 9 September 1885 in Hunolstein, d. 5 May 1935 in Gladbeck), Social Democratic politician and Member of the Prussian Landtag.
References
External links
Municipality’s official webpage
Wenigerath Munitions Depot
energielandschaft.de
Bernkastel-Wittlich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbach |
Out of the Cool is a jazz album by The Gil Evans Orchestra, recorded in 1960 and released on the Impulse! label the following year. The album was one of Impulse!'s first four albums, released together, and featured a gatefold design and high production values.
Background
Gil Evans recorded the album a short time after completing a six-week job at the Jazz Gallery club in New York City; the personnel was largely the same, with Elvin Jones being added.
Music
The first track, "La Nevada", was also recorded by Evans less than two years earlier for the album Great Jazz Standards; the version for Out of the Cool is given a consistent rhythmic structure by Elvin Jones playing shakers, giving the rest of the band greater freedom and leading to a less boppish version than the earlier recording. "Where Flamingos Fly" has a melody stated by trombonist Jimmy Knepper, and uses an earlier Evans arrangement done for vocalist Helen Merrill The music on this album was part of a move by Evans towards greater freedom in his compositions and arrangements, this "new work integrated the written and improvised, at times allowing the balance to shift imperceptibly".
Reception
The Penguin Guide to Jazz selected this album as part of its suggested "Core Collection", calling it "Evans' masterpiece under his own name and one of the best examples of jazz orchestration since the early Ellington bands". After the album was re-issued in 2021 as part of Impulse!'s sixtieth anniversary celebrations, it entered the Billboard Jazz Albums Chart at No. 11.
Track listing
"La Nevada" (Gil Evans) – 15:38
"Where Flamingos Fly" (Elthea Peale, Harold Courlander, John Benson Brooks) – 5:14
"Bilbao Song" (Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill) – 4:13
"Stratusphunk" (George Russell) – 8:04
"Sunken Treasure" (Evans) – 4:16
"Sister Sadie" (Horace Silver) – 6:57 (CD bonus track, not on original LP)
Tracks 2, 4 and 5 recorded on November 18 and 30, 1960; the remainder on December 10 and 15, 1960.
Personnel
Gil Evans – piano
Johnny Coles – trumpet (soloist)
Phil Sunkel – trumpet
Keg Johnson – trombone
Jimmy Knepper – trombone
Tony Studd – bass trombone (soloist)
Bill Barber – tuba
Ray Beckenstein – alto saxophone, flute, piccolo
Eddie Caine – alto saxophone, flute, piccolo
Budd Johnson – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone (soloist)
Bob Tricarico – flute, piccolo, bassoon
Ray Crawford – guitar (soloist)
Ron Carter – bass
Elvin Jones – drums, percussion
Charlie Persip – drums
References
Gil Evans albums
1961 albums
Albums produced by Creed Taylor
Impulse! Records albums
Albums arranged by Gil Evans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20the%20Cool |
Conjunctive archaeology is a method of studying of the past developed by Walter Taylor in the 1940s that combined elements of both traditional archaeology and the allied field of anthropology. It is exemplified by Taylor's A Study of Archeology (1948).
Taylor saw archaeology as an integrated discipline, combining the study of diet, settlement patterns, tools and other elements to provide a holistic view of the past. Elements of Taylor's approach are now a standard practice in the discipline, but Taylor's open and specific criticism of leading archaeologists of his day caused dismay amongst many archaeologists.
Taylor was one of the first to criticize the descriptive, historical approaches to archaeology that dominated the discipline. According to Patty Jo Watson, Taylor's purpose "was not to generate ill will but rather to stimulate examination ... of aims, goals and purposes by American archaeologists".
A Study of Archaeology
Walter Taylor was the founder of conjunctive archaeology. He was born in Chicago and studied at Yale. He saw archaeology as a discipline that was multifaceted, and tried to focus on Anthropology and Archaeology to form a well-balanced and all-consuming study. He was frustrated by the focus of his contemporaries on typologies, chronological reconstructions, and other elements of archaeology that he saw as formalist and restricting. He put forward his polemical ideas in A Study of Archaeology, which served as a critique of culture-historical archaeology and put forward his prescription of a conjunctive archaeology. Taylor was reacting to what he saw as his contemporaries' limited use of artifacts to produce culture chronologies and identify groups as opposed to their stated goals of reconstructing prehistory. In response, he offered that archaeologists should focus more on quantitative data and spatial distributions of artifacts and features within sites. Part of this new focus on sites as units of analysis would require the collection of what might have appeared as trivial data, as well as paying better attention to things like paleoenvironmental data. All this was done with the aim of developing comparative approaches at the site level and beyond.
Taylor's A Study of Archaeology provided a number of early impacts. First, it was a history of Americanist archaeology. Alongside V. Gordon Childe and especially Grahame Clark, he envisaged an archaeology that saw the necessary goal of archaeology as the reconstruction of prehistoric lifeways with a focus on cultures as "functioning entities embracing social, political, and ideological as well as economic components that the archaeologist must try to study holistically from the inside".
Perhaps conjunctive archaeology's most unique legacy was being among the first rigorous attempts at examining archaeology through the lens of Boasian anthropology. Utilizing this lens, Taylor departed from Childe's and Clark's more materialist aims (the former working in something of a Marxist tradition and the latter in an early form of a paleoenvironmental approach). Anticipating psychological anthropology, Taylor held an idealist vision of human culture and sought to learn about the beliefs and ideologies of past peoples through material culture.
Influence
The influence of conjunctive archaeology on the field is somewhat controversial. Taylor claimed until he died that his ideas were a major theoretical contribution that anticipated and directly contributed to The New Archaeology. Perhaps the most public and central debate on the topic of conjunctive archaeology's influence on later archaeologists was the extended debate in publications between Taylor and the major processual theorist Lewis Binford. Taylor claimed that his ideas included testing of hypotheses and a systems approach decades before processual archaeology.
Taylor's claims are difficult to assess. While he clearly shared some goals with the later processualists, he also very evidently diverged from them in crucial theoretical ways. The core difference was his reliance on Boas. The idealist conception of culture that Taylor put forward via Boas is at odds with the more materialist aims of the processualists. Perhaps the core separation between processualists and Walter Taylor is the latter's ambivalence if not rejection of the idea of Material culture. Taylor instead believed that all culture was ideational and that artifacts merely reflected it.
Some scholars have contributed to an edited volume reflecting on Taylor's impact in an ambivalent way. In this book, the argument is partially laid out that Taylor's work might have had influence on Post-processual archaeology rather than processual, given his focus on ideational elements of culture as well as his deep conviction of the importance of a historical and historiographic approach (as compared to the processualists' aims for objectivity).
Perhaps the most difficult part of interpreting Taylor's influence on the discipline as a whole is that neither he nor anyone else ever produced a substantive work within the framework of conjunctive archaeology. While his theoretical goals were clear, Taylor's methodology was left somewhat vague. Because of the multifaceted nature of Taylor's work and the fact that his work unites many strains of archaeology that are today seen as being at odds, Taylor's legacy in the field will likely always be at least somewhat controversial.
References
Bibliography
Ian Hodders Review
Archaeological theory
Methods in archaeology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctive%20archaeology |
The Chevrolet Corvette (C1) is the first generation of the Corvette sports car produced by Chevrolet. It was introduced late in the 1953 model year and produced through 1962. This generation is commonly referred to as the "solid-axle" generation, as the independent rear suspension did not appear until the 1963 Sting Ray.
The Corvette was rushed into production for its debut model year to capitalize on the enthusiastic public reaction to the concept vehicle, but expectations for the new model were largely unfulfilled. Reviews were mixed and sales fell far short of expectations through the car's early years. The program was nearly canceled, but Chevrolet decided to make necessary improvements.
The most expensive Corvette (C1) to sell in history was sold by Barrett-Jackson in the United States in March 2021 for $825,000 (~$ in ) (£591,470).
History
Origins
Harley Earl, as head of GM's Styling Section, was an avid fan of sports cars. He recognized that GIs returning after serving overseas in the years following World War II were bringing home MGs, Jaguars, and Alfa Romeos. In 1951, Nash Motors began selling an expensive two-seat sports car, the Nash-Healey, that was made in partnership with the Italian designer Pininfarina and British auto engineer Donald Healey, but there were few moderate-priced models. Earl convinced GM that they needed to build an all-American two-seat sports car, and with his Special Projects crew began working on the new car in late 1951. The last time Chevrolet offered a 2-door, 2-passenger convertible/roadster body style was in 1938 with the Chevrolet Master.
Prototype EX-122
The secretive effort was code-named "Project Opel" (after GM's German division Opel). The result was the hand-built, EX-122 pre-production Corvette prototype, which was first shown to the public at the 1953 General Motors Motorama at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City on January 17, 1953. When production began six months later, at an MSRP of US$3,513 ($ in dollars ), it had evolved into a considerably costlier car than the basic $2,000 roadster Harley Earl originally had in mind. The EX-122 car is now located at the Kerbeck Corvette museum in Atlantic City and is believed to be the oldest Corvette in existence.
Design and engineering
To keep costs down, GM executive Robert F. McLean mandated off-the-shelf mechanical components. The new car used the chassis and suspension design from the 1949 through 1954 Chevrolet passenger vehicles. The drivetrain and passenger compartment were moved rearward to achieve a 53/47 front-to-rear weight distribution. It had a wheelbase. The engine was a inline six engine that was similar to the 235 engine that powered all other Chevrolet car models, but with a higher-compression ratio, three Carter side-draft carburetors, mechanical lifters, and a higher-lift camshaft. Output was . Because there was currently no manual transmission available to Chevrolet rated to handle 150 HP, a two-speed Powerglide automatic was used. The time was 11.5 seconds.
Three body variants were created. The roadster was built as the Corvette, the Corvair fastback variant never went into production, and the two-door Nomad station wagon was eventually built as the Chevrolet Nomad.
During the last half of 1953, 300 Corvettes were to a large degree, hand-built on a makeshift assembly line that was installed in an old truck plant in Flint, Michigan while a factory was being prepped for a full-scale 1954 production run. The outer body was made out of then-revolutionary glass fiber reinforced plastic material. Although steel shortages or quotas are sometimes mentioned as a factor in the decision to use fiberglass, no evidence exists to support this. In calendar years 1952 and 1953 Chevrolet produced nearly 2 million steel-bodied full-size passenger cars and the intended production volume of 10,000 Corvettes for 1954 was only a small fraction of that.
The body engineer for the Corvette was Ellis James Premo. He presented a paper to the Society of Automotive Engineers in 1954 regarding the development of the body. Several excerpts highlight some of the key points in the body material choice:
A 55-degree raked windshield was made of safety glass, while the license plate holder was set back in the trunk, covered with a plastic window. Underneath the new body material were standard components from Chevrolet's regular car line, including the "Blue Flame" inline six-cylinder engine, two-speed Powerglide automatic transmission, and drum brakes. The engine's output was increased to via a Carter triple-carburetor system exclusive to the Corvette, but performance of the car was decidedly "lackluster". Compared to the British and Italian sports cars of the day, the Corvette lacked a manual transmission and required more effort to bring to a stop, but like their British competition, such as Morgan, was not fitted with roll-up windows; this would have to wait until some time in the 1956 model year. A Paxton centrifugal supercharger became available in 1954 as a dealer-installed option, greatly improving the Corvette's straight-line performance, but sales continued to decline.
The Chevrolet division was GM's entry-level marque. Managers at GM were seriously considering shelving the project, leaving the Corvette to be little more than a footnote in automotive history, and would have done so if not for three important events. The first was the 1955 introduction of Chevrolet's first V8 engine since 1919. the new 265 small-block became available with a Powerglide automatic transmission, until the middle of the production year when a manual 3-speed became available, coupled to a 3.55:1 axle ratio, the only one offered. The engine was fitted with a single 2218S or 2351S WCFB four-barrel (four-choke) Carter carburetor. The combination turned the "rather anemic Corvette into a credible if not outstanding performer". The second was the influence of a Russian émigré in GM's engineering department, Zora Arkus-Duntov. The third factor in the Corvette's survival was Ford's introduction of the 1955 two-seat Thunderbird, which was billed as a "personal luxury car", not a sports car. Even so, the Ford-Chevrolet rivalry in those days demanded GM not appear to back down from the challenge. The original concept for the Corvette emblem incorporated an American flag into the design, but was changed well before production since associating the flag with a product was frowned upon.
1953–1955
1953
The 1953 model year was not only the Corvette's first production year, but at 300 produced it was also the lowest-volume Corvette. The cars were essentially hand-built and techniques evolved during the production cycle so that each 1953 Corvette is slightly different. All 1953 models had red interiors, Polo white exteriors, and painted blue engines (a reference to the three colors represented on the Flag of the United States, where the Corvette was assembled) as well as black canvas soft tops. Order guides showed heaters and AM radios as optional, but all 1953 models were equipped with both. Over two hundred 1953 Corvettes are known to exist today. They had independent front suspension, but featured a rigid axle supported by longitudinal leaf springs at the rear. The cost of the first production model Corvettes in 1953 was US$3,490 ($38,795 in 2023 dollars ).
The quality of the fiberglass body as well as its fit and finish were lacking. Other problems, such as water leaks and doors that could open while the car was driven, were reported with the most severe errors corrected in subsequent units produced, but some shortcomings continued beyond the Corvette's inaugural year. By December 1953, Chevrolet had a newly-equipped factory in St. Louis ready to build 10,000 Corvettes annually. However, negative customer reactions to 1953 and early 1954 models caused sales to fall short of expectations.
1954
In 1954, a total of 3,640 of this model were built and nearly a third were unsold at year's end. New colors were available, but the six-cylinder engine and Powerglide automatic, the only engine and transmission available, were not what sports car enthusiasts expected. It is known that 1954 models were painted Pennant Blue, Sportsman Red, and Black, in addition to Polo White. All had red interiors, except for those finished in Pennant Blue which had a beige interior and beige canvas soft top. Order guides listed several options, but all options were "mandatory" and all 1954 Corvettes were equipped the same.
In the October 1954 issue of Popular Mechanics, there was an extensive survey of Corvette owners in America. The surprising finding was their opinions in comparison to foreign sports cars. It was found that 36% of those taking the survey had owned a foreign sports car, and of that, half of them rated the Corvette as better than their previous foreign sports car. Nineteen percent rated the Corvette as equal to their foreign sports car and 22% rated the Corvette as inferior. While many were well pleased with the Corvette, they did not consider it a true sports car. The principal complaint of the surveyed owners was the tendency of the body to leak extensively during rainstorms.
1955
Chevrolet debuted its small-block, V8 in 1955 and the engine was available for the Corvette. Early production 1955 V8 Corvettes continued with the mandatory-option Powerglide automatic transmission (as did the few 6-cylinder models built). A new three-speed manual transmission became available later in the year for V8 models, but was not popular with about 75 equipped with it. Exterior color choices were expanded to at least five, combined with at least four interior colors. Soft-tops came in white, dark green, or beige and different materials. A total of 700 1955 Corvettes were built, making it second only to 1953 in scarcity. The "V" in the Corvette emblem was enlarged and gold colored, signifying the V8 engine and 12-volt electrical systems, while 6-cylinder models retained the 6-volt systems used in 1953-54.
Although not a part of the original Corvette project, Zora Arkus-Duntov was responsible for the addition of the V8 engine and three-speed manual transmission. Duntov improved the car's marketing and image and helped the car compete with the new V8—engined Ford Thunderbird, Studebaker Speedster and the larger Chrysler C-300, and turned the Corvette from its lackluster performance into a credible performer. In 1956 he became the director of high-performance vehicle design and development for Chevrolet helping him earn the nickname "Father of the Corvette."
Although the C1 Corvette chassis and suspension design were derived from Chevrolet's full-size cars, the same basic design was continued through the 1962 model even after the full-size cars were completely redesigned for the 1955 model year.
1956–1957
1956
The 1956 Corvette featured a new body, with real glass roll-up windows and a more substantial convertible top. The straight-6 engine was discontinued, leaving only the V8. Power ranged from . The standard transmission remained the 3-speed manual with an optional 2-speed Powerglide automatic. Other options included power assisted convertible top, a removable hardtop, power windows, and a "then-leading edge" signal-seeking partially transistorized Delco car radio. A high-performance camshaft was also available (as RPO 449) with the engine.
Sales volume was 3,467, a low number by any contemporary standard and less than 1954's 3,640, making it the third lowest in Corvette history.
1957
Visually the 1957 model was unchanged. The V8 was increased to , fuel-injection became a very expensive option, and a 4-speed manual transmission became available after April 9, 1957. GM's Rochester subsidiary used a constant flow system, producing a listed at 6200 rpm and of torque at 4400 rpm. Debate continues to swirl whether this was underrated by Chevrolet (to allow for lower insurance premiums, or give the car an advantage in certain forms of racing) rather than overrated, as was common practice at the time (to juice sales). Either way, it was advertised as producing "One HP per cubic inch", allowing it to claim it was one of the first mass-produced engines to do so.
Pushed toward high-performance and racing, principally by its designer, Zora Arkus-Duntov, who had raced in Europe, 1957 Corvettes could be ordered ready-to-race with special performance options, such as an engine fresh air/tach package, heavy-duty racing suspension, and wheels.
Also in 1957, Chevrolet developed a new racing variation of the Corvette with the aim to compete in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race. Originally known as Project XP-64, it would eventually become known as the Corvette SS. It featured a tuned version of the new 283 CID V8 and a specialized tubular space frame chassis. However, after a rear bushing failure retired the car during a 1957 Sebring race, the AMA announced a ban on motor racing in April of 1957 for member companies like GM, leading to the cancellation of further developments of the Corvette SS platform.
Sales volume was 6,339, a jump of almost 83 %. Fuel-injected models were in short supply and 1,040 were sold.
1958–1960
1958
In an era of chrome and four headlamps, the Corvette adapted to the look of the day. The 1958 model year and the four that followed all had the exposed four-headlamp treatment and prominent grilles, but a faux-louvered hood and chrome trunk spears were unique to this model year. The interior and instruments were updated, including placing a tachometer directly in front of the driver. For the 1958 model, an 8000 rpm tachometer was used with the engines, rather than the 6000 rpm units used in the lower horsepower engines. Optional engine choices included two with twin carburetors (including a version with Carter 2613S and 2614S WCFB four-barrels) and two with fuel injection. The power output for the highest-rated fuel-injected engine was . Displacement remained . For the first time, seat belts were factory-installed rather than dealer-installed as on previous models. Options that were not popular included RPO 684 heavy-duty brakes and suspension (144), RPO 579 engine (554), and RPO 276 15×5.5-inch steel road wheels (404).
1959
For the 1959 model, engines and horsepower ratings did not change. The interiors were revised slightly with different instrument graphics and the addition of a storage bin to the passenger side. A positive reverse lockout shifter with "T" handle was standard with 4-speed manual transmission. This was the only year a turquoise convertible top color could be ordered, and all 24-gallon fuel tank models through 1962 could not be ordered with convertible tops due to inadequate space for the folding top mechanism. Rare options: RPO 684 heavy-duty brakes and suspension (142), RPO 686 metallic brakes (333), RPO 276 15"×5.5" wheels (214), RPO 426 power windows (547), RPO 473 power convertible top (661).
1960
The last features to appear in 1960 models included taillamps molded into the rear fenders and heavy grill teeth. New features include aluminum radiators, but only with engines. Also for the first time, all fuel-injection engines required manual transmissions. The 1960s Cascade Green was metallic, unique to the year, and the most infrequent color at 140 made. Options that were not often ordered included RPO 579 engine (100), RPO 687 heavy-duty brakes and suspension (119), RPO 276 15×5.5-inch steel road wheels (246), RPO 473 power convertible top (512), and RPO 426 power windows (544).
1961–1962
1961
Twin taillights appeared on the 1961, a treatment that continues to this day. Engine displacement remained at 283 cubic inches, but power output increased for the two fuel-injected engines to . Output ratings for the dual-four barrel engines did not change (), but this was the last year of their availability. This was the last year for contrasting paint colors in cove areas, and the last two-tone Corvette of any type until 1978. Also debuting in 1961 was a new boat-tail that was carried through to the C2. Infrequently ordered options included RPO 353 engine (118), RPO 687 heavy-duty brakes and steering (233), RPO 276 15×5.5-inch steel road wheels (357), and RPO 473 power convertible top (442).
1962
With a new larger engine the 1962 model year Corvette was the quickest to date. Displacement of the small-block V8 increased from to , which was rated at in its base single 4-barrel carburetor version. Hydraulic valve lifters were used in the standard and optional engines, solid lifters in the optional carbureted and fuel-injected versions. Dual 4-barrel carburetor engines were no longer available.
1962 saw the last solid-rear-axle suspension, that had been used from the beginning. Rocker panel trim was seen for the first time, and exposed headlights for the last, until 2005. This was the last Corvette model to offer an optional power convertible top mechanism. Rare options: RPO 488 24-gallon fuel tank (65), RPO 687 heavy-duty brakes and steering (246), RPO 473 power convertible top (350), RPO 276 15"×5.5" wheels (561).
Scaglietti Corvette
In 1959, a Texan oil well drilling contractor named Gary Laughlin wondered if it would be possible to create a vehicle with Italian design characteristics using the chassis and engine components from an American car like the Corvette. To oversee this creation, he enlisted the help of car constructer Jim Hall and race car driver Carroll Shelby, whom he was good friends with, to assist with the engineering of the project and, after their efforts, each man was to receive their own Corvette custom made to their liking. Thus, the trio managed to get three rolling Corvette chassis off of the production line and arranged to have them shipped to Modena, Italy. There, with the help of Road & Track correspondent Pete Coltrin, they managed to get in touch with Italian coachbuilder Sergio Scaglietti, famous for his design work on Ferrari road cars at the time. Scaglietti agreed to create and fit a new lightweight aluminium body to each car in secret, as Enzo Ferrari reportedly threatened to cancel Scaglietti's partnership with him after learning of the project. The resulting Scaglietti Corvette ended up weighing roughly 400 lbs less than any other Corvette at the time.
Each of the three cars assembled were unique for each owner:
Car #1, originally for Laughlin, was finished in red. It used a slightly different body to accommodate for an existing Corvette front grille. It originally came with a 283 cu in V8 with 315 hp and a four-barrel carburetor, mated to a 2-speed automatic transmission.
Car #2, originally for Hall, was finished in blue. This version had a body more closely resembling the Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta LWB. It came with the same carbureted V8 and automatic transmission as Car #1.
Car #3, originally for Shelby, was finished in red. This model was somewhat unique as though it used a similarly designed body to Car #2, it was the only model fitted with fuel-injection and a Borg-Warner 4-speed manual transmission. Unlike the other two members of the project, Shelby never took delivery of his car, citing that it was too expensive for his purposes for it.
However, the Scaglietti Corvette was not without its issues. Though conceived in 1959, the final projects wouldn't be completed and shipped back to the US until 1961, by which time it became clear that the aluminum bodies, though much lighter, had caused dramatic effects to the Corvette's chassis, resulting in dangerous front end lift at high speeds. Coupled with legal pressure from General Motors and Enzo Ferrari to put an end to production, and the Scaglietti Corvette project would be forever cemented as only a concept. However, many ideas from the car would prove inspirational, leading Jim Hall to found his Chevrolet-powered Chaparral racing team and Carroll Shelby to revisit the idea of a European-American sports car with the AC Cobra.
Production notes
Engines
See also
Mako Shark (concept car)
Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle
Zora Arkus-Duntov
GM Motorama
Corvette C2
Chevrolet Corvette SS
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
The Corvette Museum: Corvette Timeline
C1
24 Hours of Le Mans race cars
1960s cars
Cars introduced in 1953
Cars discontinued in 1962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Corvette%20%28C1%29 |
Market Street may refer to:
Market Street, Cambridge, England
Market Street, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
Market Street, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
Market Street, Manchester, England
Market Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Market Street, Oxford, England
Market Street (Philadelphia), Pennsylvania, US
Market Street (San Francisco), California, US
Market Street (St. Louis), Missouri, US
Market Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Market Street (York), England
State Street (Boston), former name
See also
United Supermarkets, a supermarket chain in Texas that contains a division called Market Street
Market Street Bridge (disambiguation)
Market Street Metrolink station, a Manchester light-rail station
Market Street Railway (nonprofit), organization that supports the operation of the F Market streetcar line in San Francisco
Market Street Railway (transit operator), commercial streetcar and bus operator in San Francisco
Market Street subway in San Francisco, California
Market–Frankford Line, rapid transit line in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Market Street, a Lego building set in the Lego Modular Houses Theme series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market%20Street |
A spatial relation specifies how some object is located in space in relation to some reference object. When the reference object is much bigger than the object to locate, the latter is often represented by a point. The reference object is often represented by a bounding box.
In Anatomy it might be the case that a spatial relation is not fully applicable. Thus, the degree of applicability is defined which specifies from 0 till 100% how strongly a spatial relation holds. Often researchers concentrate on defining the applicability function for various spatial relations.
In spatial databases and geospatial topology the spatial relations are used for spatial analysis and constraint specifications.
In cognitive development for walk and for catch objects, or for understand objects-behaviour; in robotic Natural Features Navigation; and many other areas, spatial relations plays a central role.
Commonly used types of spatial relations are: topological, directional and distance relations.
Topological relations
The DE-9IM model expresses important space relations which are invariant to rotation, translation and scaling transformations.
For any two spatial objects a and b, that can be points, lines and/or polygonal areas, there are 9 relations derived from DE-9IM:
Directional relations
Directional relations can again be differentiated into external directional relations and internal directional relations. An internal directional relation specifies where an object is located inside the reference object while an external relations specifies where the object is located outside of the reference objects.
Examples for internal directional relations: left; on the back; athwart, abaft
Examples for external directional relations: on the right of; behind; in front of, abeam, astern
Distance relations
Distance relations specify how far is the object away from the reference object.
Examples are: at; nearby; in the vicinity; far away
Relations by class
Reference objects represented by a bounding box or another kind of "spatial envelope" that encloses its borders, can be denoted with the maximum number of dimensions of this envelope: '0' for punctual objects, '1' for linear objects, '2' for planar objects, '3' for volumetric objects. So, any object, in a 2D modeling, can by classified as point, line or area according to its delimitation. Then, a type of spatial relation can be expressed by the class of the objects that participate in the relation:
point-point relations: ...
point-line relations:
point-area relations:
line-line relations:
line-area relations:
area-area relations:
More complex modeling schemas can represent an object as a composition of simple sub-objects. Examples: represent in an astronomical map a star by a point and a binary star by two points; represent in geographical map a river with a line, for its source stream, and with an strip-area, for the rest of the river. These schemas can use the above classes, uniform composition classes (multi-point, multi-line and multi-area) and heterogeneous composition (points+lines as "object of dimension 1", points+lines+areas as "object of dimension 2").
Two internal components of a complex object can express (the above) binary relations between them, and ternary relations, using the whole object as a frame of reference. Some relations can be expressed by an abstract component, such the center of mass of the binary star, or a center line of the river.
Temporal references
For human thinking, spatial relations include qualities like size, distance, volume, order, and, also, time:
Stockdale and Possin discusses the many ways in which people with difficulty establishing spatial and temporal relationships can face problems in ordinary situations.
See also
Anatomical terms of location
Dimensionally Extended nine-Intersection Model (DE-9IM)
Water-level task
Allen's interval algebra (temporal analog)
Commonsense reasoning
References
Cognitive science
Space | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20relation |
Dorthe Holm (born 3 July 1972) is a Danish curler from Kastrup.
Career
Holm skipped the Danish women's team at the 2006 Winter Olympics. The team were the only athletes Denmark sent to the games, as such Holm carried the flag for Denmark in the opening ceremonies.
Holm has had a long curling career, which internationally began in 1987 at the European Junior Championships. By 1994, Holm had competed in six World Junior Curling Championships, winning bronze in 1993 and 1994. She skipped Denmark in 1993, and was the third for Angelina Jensen in 1994. At the 1992 Winter Olympics she was an alternate for the Danish team, when curling was just a demonstration event. The team finished in fourth place.
In 1994, Denmark won the European Curling Championships, and Holm played third for the team that was skipped by Helena Blach Lavrsen. After three unsuccessful trips to the World Curling Championships, Holm finally won a medal in 1997, a bronze, when she played second for Blach Lavrsen. She moved up to third later in the year, and won a silver at the European Championships. That same season she was playing second again, and she picked up a silver medal at curling's debut at the 1998 Winter Olympics. She also won a silver at that year's World Championships, followed by a bronze at the European Championships, as a third once again.
Holm wouldn't return to the international scene until 2002, at this point she was skipping the Danish team. As skip she won a silver at the 2002 European Championships, and a bronze in the 2003 and 2005 European Championships. At the 2006 Olympics, Denmark placed 8th.
Awards
1991 - WJCC All-Star, Skip
1994 - WJCC All-Star, Third
1991 - WJCC Sportsmanship Award
1993 - WJCC Sportsmanship Award
External links
Danish female curlers
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
1972 births
Living people
Curlers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Holm
Olympic silver medalists for Denmark
Olympic medalists in curling
People from Tårnby Municipality
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
European curling champions
Sportspeople from the Capital Region of Denmark
20th-century Danish women
21st-century Danish women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorthe%20Holm |
Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 – July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who prepared a detailed psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied psychoanalysis at Harvard University, where he worked as a professor upon completion of his education. Langer was later employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), where in 1943 he prepared a psychoanalysis profile of Hitler. In this analysis, Langer accurately predicted that Hitler would commit suicide as the "most plausible outcome", and the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944.
Following Langer's analysis and Hitler's subsequent death, Langer turned the report into a book about Adolf Hitler, The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report. This book was Langer's best-known; however, he also wrote the books Psychology and Human Living, A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend, and Dissecting the Hitler Mind.
Early life and education
Langer was born on February 5, 1899, in South Boston to Charles Rudolph and Johanna Rockenbach, recent immigrants from Germany. His mother was born to a Lutheran household in Zweibrücken, Germany, and his father was a member of the Moravian Brethren from Silesia, Germany. Langer had an older brother named William and another brother named Rudolph Langer. The family later moved when Charles became an owner of a florist shop. After their father passed away on 1899, the family lost all their savings. To help support the family Walter worked at a grocery store while going to school. Just after two years of high school, Walter had to drop out and get a full-time job as an apprentice electrician, where he mostly wired houses for two years. While the family moved to Cambridge, he was admitted to Rindge Technical High School to finish out his high school education. He was later accepted at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and during World War I, serviced in the military for 27 months. After being discharged in 1919, Walter chose to pursue the psychology field at Harvard University.
Langer attended Harvard University, graduating as part of the class of 1923. Langer continued to study at Harvard until attaining his PhD in psychology in 1935. The same year, he traveled to pursue studies in psychoanalysis in Vienna, Austria, where he studied under Anna Freud, daughter of Sigmund Freud. Langer also saw the elder Freud regularly during this time and accompanied him on his trip into exile in 1938. In addition to Freud, Langer helped many Jewish scientists and Anti-Nazi activists escape, obtaining visas for many Austrian analysts and transporting small groups of refugees to the Swiss border.
Career
Langer worked as a psychoanalyst at Harvard University. Following his graduation, Langer was accepted into the American Psychiatric Association (APA). However, Langer was accepted into the APA against common practice as he was the first to be admitted without obtaining an M.D. It wasn't until after finishing high school late and being accepted into MIT that he discovered his interest in psychoanalysis and abandoned the route of an electrician. While attending college, World War I began and Langer enlisted, serving twenty seven months. While away at war he was able to view a wide array of body language and contextual actions of those around him. This experience had led to Langers increased interest in interpreting and analyzing others. It was Langers time serving his country that sparked his interest and guided him to pursue psychology and behaviorism at Harvard University after being discharged from the service in 1919
After accumulating enough money from publishing a high school textbook titled Psychology and Human Living, Langer traveled to Germany and began working with Anna Freud. Langer's time in Germany had overlapped with the historical entrance of Adolf Hitler. As Hitler gained power in Germany, Langer had first-hand experience as to the devastation that was brought to the civilians of the country. Due to his educational background and direct experience, Langer had a personal interest in Adolf Hitler and went to work for the OSS, where he later predicted Hitler's means of death (namely, that Hitler would commit suicide when he lost the war).
Langer also continued to produce multiple books in relation to Adolf Hitler after his death, the most notable being The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report.
Retirement and death
Langer retired in Florida, and died in Sarasota, Florida in 1981, aged 82.
Legacy
Langer's most popular work, The Mind of Adolf Hitler, helped put psychology on the map in American popular culture. Despite many controversies, the profile has been influential in the field of profiling political leaders. Langer himself offered a statement on the value of psychobiography for political means, stating: "I may be naïve in diplomatic matters, but I like to believe that if such a study of Hitler had been made years earlier, under less tension, and with more opportunity to gather first-hand information, there might not have been a Munich; a similar study of Stalin might have produced a different Yalta; one of Castro might have prevented the Cuban situation; and one of President Diem might have avoided our deep involvement in Vietnam. Studies of this type cannot solve our international problems. That would be too much to expect. They might, however, help to avoid some of the serious blunders we seemed to have made because we were ignorant of the psychological factors involved and the nature of the leaders with whom we were negotiating.”
Following the Langer profile, U.S. presidents began requesting profiles of foreign diplomats before important events and meetings. John F. Kennedy requested a profile of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev as part of preparing for the 1961 Vienna summit, and President Richard Nixon asked the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for profiles of both Mao Zedong and Chou Enlai before embarking on his first visit to China.
From 1965 to 1986, the CIA operated a Center for the Analysis of Personality and Political Behavior, directed by Gerald M. Post, who cited Langer as an influence. Although the center was closed with the dissolution of the Cold War, personality research and psychobiography of political leaders continues to be of interest to both government agencies and the general public.
In popular culture
The Military Channel program Inside the Mind of Adolf Hitler is based on The Mind of Adolf Hitler, and dramatized scenes connected to Langer's investigation.
Publications
The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report Basic Books (1972)
Psychology & Human Living (1945)
References
External links
"Langer's Wartime Report to OSS" from University of the West of England
"Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler" from Cornell University Law Library
An excerpt from The Mind of Adolf Hitler
1899 births
1981 deaths
American male writers
American people of German descent
Analysands of Anna Freud
German psychoanalysts
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University Department of Psychology faculty
Historians of Nazism
Views on Adolf Hitler
Writers from Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Charles%20Langer |
Joseph Bermingham (9 May 1919 – 11 August 1995) was an Irish Labour Party politician.
Bermingham was born in Castlemitchell, County Kildare. He was educated at the Christian Brothers school in Athy and the O'Brien Institute in Dublin. Bermingham worked as a shopkeeper before being elected in 1967 as a member of Kildare County Council. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Dáil Éireann at the 1969 general election and at a by-election in 1970. He was elected to the 20th Dáil as Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare constituency at the 1973 general election.
After the 1981 general election, Labour and Fine Gael formed a coalition government. Bermingham was appointed by the government to the position of Minister of State at the Department of Finance with responsibility for the Office of Public Works. He served in that post until early 1982 when the government of Garret FitzGerald fell in a vote on the budget. When a new Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition came to power after the November 1982 general election Bermingham returned to same position. He lost that position as part of a reshuffle in February 1986.
Bermingham resigned from the Labour Party in June 1986, which left the government parties in a minority in the Dáil. He did not contest the 1987 general election. He remained active in local politics and was elected to Kildare County Council in 1991 as an Independent.
References
1919 births
1995 deaths
Labour Party (Ireland) TDs
Members of Kildare County Council
Members of the 20th Dáil
Members of the 21st Dáil
Members of the 22nd Dáil
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Members of the 24th Dáil
Ministers of State of the 24th Dáil
Ministers of State of the 22nd Dáil
Politicians from County Kildare | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Bermingham |
The New York State Rifle & Pistol Association (NYSRPA) is the U.S. state of New York's largest and oldest firearms advocacy organization. Established in 1871, the NYSRPA is dedicated to the preservation of gun rights, firearm safety and education, and shooting sports. It is associated with the National Rifle Association of America ("NRA") and engages locally in many activities similar to the NRA.
Active members in the NYSRPA engage in many different activities. The organization is engaged in legislation and political awareness campaigns in New York. It sponsors and holds competitive firearm sporting events across the state. Finally, it educates and supports various firearm activities of particular interest to juniors and women in the community.
Lawsuits
On January 29, 2013, NYSRPA filed a notice of legal claim against the highly controversial NY SAFE Act.
In a separate challenge, NYSRPA sued the City of New York on March 29, 2013, seeking to invalidate the city's restriction on transporting handguns outside of the city. The District Court ruled in favor of New York, and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court of the United States granted NYSRPA's request to review the case, and New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. City of New York was argued before the Supreme Court in 2019.
The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, a case challenging New York State's concealed carry permit system. Paul Clement, an attorney who represents NYSRPA, petitioned the Supreme Court to answer the question "Whether the Second Amendment allows the government to prohibit ordinary law-abiding citizens from carrying handguns outside the home for self-defense". The Supreme Court granted the petition on April 26, 2021, but re-framed the question to "Whether the state's denial of petitioners' applications for concealed-carry licenses for self-defense violated the second amendment".
NYSRPA executive director Tom King objects to the state's gun law, which requires anyone seeking a license to carry a concealed weapon to demonstrate "a special need for self-protection." King said that violates his Second Amendment rights.
References
External links
Official Website
Firearms Database
1871 establishments in New York (state)
Gun rights advocacy groups in the United States
Organizations based in New York (state)
Organizations established in 1871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20State%20Rifle%20and%20Pistol%20Association |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Q10 (temperature coefficient)}}
The Q10 temperature coefficient is a measure of temperature sensitivity based on the chemical reactions.
The Q10 is calculated as:
where;
R is the rate
T is the temperature in Celsius degrees or kelvin.
Rewriting this equation, the assumption behind Q10 is that the reaction rate R depends exponentially on temperature:
Q10 is a unitless quantity, as it is the factor by which a rate changes, and is a useful way to express the temperature dependence of a process.
For most biological systems, the Q10 value is ~ 2 to 3.
In muscle performance
The temperature of a muscle has a significant effect on the velocity and power of the muscle contraction, with performance generally declining with decreasing temperatures and increasing with rising temperatures. The Q10 coefficient represents the degree of temperature dependence a muscle exhibits as measured by contraction rates. A Q10 of 1.0 indicates thermal independence of a muscle whereas an increasing Q10 value indicates increasing thermal dependence. Values less than 1.0 indicate a negative or inverse thermal dependence, i.e., a decrease in muscle performance as temperature increases.
Q10 values for biological processes vary with temperature. Decreasing muscle temperature results in a substantial decline of muscle performance such that a 10 degree Celsius temperature decrease results in at least a 50% decline in muscle performance. Persons who have fallen into icy water may gradually lose the ability to swim or grasp safety lines due to this effect, although other effects such as atrial fibrillation are a more immediate cause of drowning deaths. At some minimum temperature biological systems do not function at all, but performance increases with rising temperature (Q10 of 2-4) to a maximum performance level and thermal independence (Q10 of 1.0-1.5). With continued increase in temperature, performance decreases rapidly (Q10 of 0.2-0.8) up to a maximum temperature at which all biological function again ceases.
Within vertebrates, different skeletal muscle activity has correspondingly different thermal dependencies. The rate of muscle twitch contractions and relaxations are thermally dependent (Q10 of 2.0-2.5), whereas maximum contraction, e.g., tetanic contraction, is thermally independent.
Muscles of some ectothermic species. e.g., sharks, show less thermal dependence at lower temperatures than endothermic species
See also
Arrhenius equation
Arrhenius plot
Isotonic (exercise physiology)
Isometric exercise
Skeletal striated muscle
Tetanic contraction
References
Ecological metrics
Chemical kinetics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q10%20%28temperature%20coefficient%29 |
Rick Roder is an author, editor, consultant, and educator specializing in baseball rules and umpiring. He attended the Joe Brinkman Umpire School in 1987 and was a professional umpire from 1987 to 1996. His umpiring experience included the Pioneer League (1987), Midwest League (1988-1989), Texas League (1990 and 1992), Southern League (1991), Pacific Coast League (1993), International League (1994), and American Association (1995-1996). He was the head rules instructor at the Brinkman school from 1990 to 1995 and co-authored the only complete re-write of baseball's professional rules (commonly known as the "Jaksa/Roder Manual") with fellow instructor Chris Jaksa. Roder has authored three other books on rules and umpiring. He is also the author of Frontiers of Faith: A History of the Diocese of Sioux City and We Are Called: A History of St. Mary's Parish, Remsen, Iowa.
Roder is a graduate of Newman University (formerly Kansas Newman College) in Wichita, KS, where he was a pitcher for the Jet's baseball team.
External links
rulesofbaseball.com
Living people
Minor league baseball umpires
Newman University, Wichita alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Roder |
Thee More Shallows is a three-piece experimental indie rock band based in San Francisco, California. It was formed in 2001. The band consists of Dee (ne David) Kesler, Chavo Fraser and Jason Gonzales.
History
The three musicians who would come to constitute Thee More Shallows met for the first time at a concert in 2001, where they were all playing with different groups. Songwriter Dee Kesler at the time was in a band called Shackleton along with Tadas Kisielius, and the two of them became the founding members of the group originally known as simply Thee Shallows. Tadas soon moved away, however, and so Kesler brought in Jason Gonzales of The Cubby Creatures and Chavo Fraser, both of whom were performing as drummers at the time.
It was in a basement room in the Tenderloin District of San Francisco that the band began work on their debut album, A History of Sport Fishing. It was both composed and recorded in a two-week period during which the band would work only in the early hours of the morning. The final product was released in 2002, originally under Thee Shallows until the band were forced to change their name after a call from an attorney. It showcased classical influences as well as laying down the foundation of the groups mellow, textured sound. The album was released on Megalon Records and received very little promotion in the United States, while it was given a big push by Monotreme Records in the United Kingdom, and this led to the band becoming more popular in Europe than in their home country.
The band returned from their promotional tour filled with determination, soon building their own studio in Oakland in order to set about recording the follow-up. But this was a task which would come to occupy them for the next two years as they painstakingly recorded each track to their own satisfaction. The final result of this lengthy process was More Deep Cuts which came out in 2004 in the UK once again on Monotreme Records. In 2005 the band decided to go with Turn Records for the US release after struggling to find a dedicated label for their music. The band also released a UK-only promotional EP for this album called Cuts Plus Two, which featured two songs from the album along with two unreleased tracks.
They followed this up with the Monkey vs. Shark EP in 2006. One of the tracks on this release was a remix of one of their earlier songs by members of the San Francisco-based Anticon label, who the band eventually decided to sign with for their third studio album, Book of Bad Breaks, which came out in April 2007. This album, like their previous efforts, was met with a favorable critical response.
Style
The key elements of their sound usually consist of soft, whispered introspective vocals against a backdrop of finger-picked guitar and synthesized elements, with influences ranging from classical to electronica.
Side projects
Kesler and Gonzales are also in Ral Partha Vogelbacher, while Fops is a collaboration between lyricist Chadwick Donald Bidwell of Ral Partha Vogelbacher and singer Dee Kesler. Kesler co-produced and played trumpet on "If Found" from Sinombre's debut album Curves of Sirens.
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
References
External links
Official website
Interview with Dee Kesler
Turn Records profile
Monotreme Records profile
Anticon
Indie rock musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups from San Francisco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thee%20More%20Shallows |
The Aldridge Sisters, Sheila and Sherry Aldridge, are an American singing act that appeared on The Lawrence Welk Show from 1977 to 1982.
The sisters and their family
Sherry Aldridge (born December 1, 1951) and Sheila Aldridge (born July 18, 1956) grew up in North Carolina. Their parents are the late Talton Aldridge and Jacqueline Goins Aldridge.
Performing career
Sheila and Sherry started out singing in church, holiday pageants, nightclubs, high school plays and also performed in community theater, winning many musical and theatrical accolades. While looking for their big break in show business, they both worked as flight attendants for a major airline.
The Aldridge Sisters first auditioned for Lawrence Welk in 1977 when he and his musical family held a concert in nearby Nashville; although impressed, there weren't any openings at the time. It wasn't until three more auditions in the following months that they were asked to appear on the show as guest stars, after that initial appearance on national television followed by the resignation of Tanya Welk., they were hired as regulars. Not long after that, they were teamed with Roger and David Otwell, another newly hired sibling act to form the musical act of The Aldridge Sisters and Otwell Twins. It was a hit with live audiences and viewers alike.
Since the Welk show, the sisters appeared on television shows including Dinah Shore, Hee Haw and the Welk reunion special Milestones and Memories for PBS. They also have been an opening act for Bob Hope, George Burns and have performed at casino resorts in Atlantic City, Las Vegas and Lake Tahoe, and toured with fellow Welk alumni in the concert series Forever Blowing Bubbles.
Discography
Sheila and Sherry recorded a Christmas album, The Gift, with the Billy Andrusco Trio.
References
Musical groups from Knoxville, Tennessee
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American singers
American girl groups
Country music groups from North Carolina
Country music groups from Tennessee
Country music duos
Lawrence Welk
Musical groups established in 1977
Sibling musical duos | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Aldridge%20Sisters |
Ralph Douglas Townsend (born 13 December 1951, in Nedlands, West Australia) is an educational consultant. He was Chairman of Prep Schools Trust (2017-2022) and Special Adviser to the President of Keio University and President of Keio Academy of New York (2017-2021). He currently serves on the International Development Group of the Jesuit Refugee Service. He was Headmaster of Sydney Grammar School (1989–1999), Oundle School (1999–2005), and Winchester College (2005–2016).
Career
After brief teaching appointments at Dover College and Abingdon School, he proceeded to further study at Oxford University. He was first Senior Scholar at Keble College of Oxford University, then a Junior Research Fellow, Tutor and Dean of Degrees at Lincoln College, where he was the Anglican chaplain. He resigned from this post in 1985 when he decided to join the Roman Catholic Church.
He took up a teaching post at Eton College in 1985. He left as Head of Personal Education in 1989 to become Headmaster of Sydney Grammar School. While in Sydney, Townsend was Patron of the Australian Musicians' Academy and President of the New South Wales Classical Association. After ten years in that post, he returned to England to become Headmaster of Oundle School. In 2005, he was appointed Headmaster of Winchester, the first Roman Catholic to hold that post since the English Reformation. In 2011 he was invested a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem.
He has written books, articles and reviews in the areas of church history, westerns, religious literature and education.
Townsend has been a Governor of Terra Nova School, Cheshire, 1999–2003, Old Buckenham Hall School, Suffolk, 1999–2006, Ardvreck School, Crieff, Scotland, 2000–2005, Ampleforth College, North Yorkshire, 2003–2006, Bramcote Lorne School, Nottinghamshire, 2003–2005, Mowden Hall School, Northumberland, 2000–2007, Worth School, West Sussex, 2004-2010 and 2016–2019, The Pilgrims' School, Winchester, 2005–2013, St Swithun's School, Winchester 2005–2013, St John's School, Beaumont, 2007-2016, and Charterhouse School, 2016–2019. From 2005 to 2011 he was a Trustee of the United Church Schools Trust and an adviser to the United Learning Trust. From 2008 to 2016 he was a Governor of Midhurst Rother College and from 2014 to 2019 a Trustee of St George's House Windsor Castle. He was a governor of UWC Dilijan College 2008–2018.
References
External links
Winchester College Website: The Headmaster
University of Western Australia alumni
Alumni of the University of Kent
People educated at Scotch College, Perth
Australian headmasters
Sydney Grammar School headmasters
Headmasters of Winchester College
Fellows of Lincoln College, Oxford
Living people
1951 births
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Headmasters of Oundle School
Staff of Abingdon School
Teachers at Eton College | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Townsend%20%28headmaster%29 |
Justin Bryant (born August 24, 1966 in Melbourne, Florida) is an American writer and former soccer goalkeeper.
Youth and college
Bryant grew up in Florida, and attended Radford University in Radford, Virginia. While at Radford, he played on the men's soccer team from 1984 to 1986.
Soccer
Bryant elected to pursue a career as a professional soccer goalkeeper. In 1987, he moved to England and signed with Boreham Wood FC. He made his debut in a 3–0 win against Leatherhead on March 12. While playing for Borehamwood, he had an extended trial at Brentford FC and played as a trialist in several friendlies. He returned to the U.S. that same year to play for the Orlando Lions of the recently established American Soccer League. In 1989, he moved to Scotland to play for Dunfermline Athletic but was unable to obtain a work permit. In 1990, he returned to Boreham Wood FC, where he made 23 appearances for the reserve team. In 1995, he spent a single season with the Cocoa Expos in the U.S., making over 20 first-team appearances. The Expos reached the USISL Premier League final, where they lost 3–1 to the Richmond Kickers.
Writing
In 1996, Bryant decided to give up his playing career, and moved to Elon College and completed his bachelor's degree in English. The college then hired him as the assistant coach for the women's soccer team. Based on an idea for a book he had conceived while visiting his father in South Africa, he wrote a novel, Season of Ash, published in 2004 by ENC Press, and has continued to write, producing short fiction published in such literary journals as Thin Air, Chiron Review, The Rockhurst Review, and Snowbound. His work has also been anthologized by Gorsky Press, Spotted Cow Press, and Key Porter Books. He has written about soccer for XI Quarterly, The Howler Magazine, Green Pitch Magazine, Red Issue, and Bookable Offense. He is a graduate of the MFA Creative Writing program at New York University, where he did his thesis with E. L. Doctorow. He currently writes a column in Goalkeeper Magazine. In June 2013, Bryant published his second book, the autobiographical "Small Time: A Life in the Football Wilderness", documenting his travails as a young, professional goalkeeper. He lives in Raleigh, NC with his partner Sarah and their two rescue dogs, Roxy and Bryce.
External links
Bio page at ENC Press
Bio page at Freebird Writing Workshops in Brooklyn
2012 Audio Interview With XI Quarterly Magazine
1995 Radio Interview
Small Time: A Life in the Football Wilderness
Small Time: 2013 Interview with Sky Sports Magazine
NC State Bio
21st-century American novelists
American historical novelists
1966 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
Men's association football goalkeepers
American Soccer League (1988–89) players
Orlando Lions players
Cocoa Expos players
American soccer coaches
Boreham Wood F.C. players
Radford University alumni
New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science alumni
American male novelists
21st-century American male writers
Radford Highlanders men's soccer players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Bryant |
The History and Adventures of an Atom is a novel by Tobias Smollett, first published in 1769. The novel satirises English politics during the Seven Years' War.
Summary
The novel is an it-narrative, narrated by an atom in the body of a London haberdasher, who is the purported editor of the novel. The atom describes events it witnessed in ancient Japan, which are in fact allegories for British politics at the time of the novel's composition.
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham appears as Taycho, and other politicians, monarchs and nations under a light disguise of made-up names. It includes some comments on the Kingdom of Great Britain's growing problems with its American colonies.
Many "keys" have been published to decode which characters are meant to represent real people.
Publication history
The book was published anonymously in 1769. Smollett's authorship of the book has been disputed, but it is generally included and discussed among his works.
The first scholarly edition of the book was published in 1988, edited by Robert Adams Day and O. M. Brack Jr.
Reception
Writing in 1821, Sir Walter Scott wrote, "The chief purpose of the work (besides that of giving the author the opportunity to raise his hand, like that of Ishmael, against every man) is to inspire a national horror of continental connexions."
References
External links
Complete online text (public domain)
The History and Adventures of an Atom
1769 novels
Novels by Tobias Smollett
British political novels
Seven Years' War
18th-century British novels
Novels set in Japan
Works published anonymously
Japan in non-Japanese culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20History%20and%20Adventures%20of%20an%20Atom |
Mary Leona Gage (April 8, 1939 – October 5, 2010) was an American actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 1957, the first from Maryland to capture the Miss USA crown. She was stripped of her title when it was revealed that she was 18, married, and the mother of two children.
Early life
She was a toddler when her parents moved from Longview, Texas to nearby Wichita Falls. Her mother worked two jobs. Her father, paralyzed in an industrial accident, stayed home. She was 13 years old when she met 24-year-old Gene Ennis, an airman in the U.S. Air Force.
When Gage became pregnant and attempted to write to Ennis after he shipped out, he never responded. A drugstore employee who was getting married suggested she should get married with a volunteer groom. Gage agreed and they headed to Oklahoma for a double wedding. She married an airman named Edward Thacker. At her mother's insistence, the marriage to Thacker was annulled within the week.
When Ennis came back into her life in 1953, Gage, still only 14, married him in Wichita Falls; they moved to Manhattan Beach, Maryland (near Severna Park). She had their second child at age 16. The marriage quickly unraveled. A doctor suggested that she get a job to ease her pain and prevent a nervous breakdown. She was working in a dress shop in Glen Burnie, Maryland, when she met Barbara Mewshaw, a part-time model. Mewshaw introduced her to the Walters Modeling Agency and helped her enter the Miss Maryland USA pageant. Gage wanted to be in the pageant in the hopes of working as a model. Once entered in the contest she won.
She told the head of the modeling agency that she was married and could not go to the Miss USA pageant. She claimed one of the pageant officials told her to lie to the public. Pageant officials in Baltimore deny that they told her to lie.
Both women flew to Long Beach, California, for the Miss USA pageant.
Pageant scandal
In July 1957, aged 18, Gage represented state of Maryland at the Miss USA pageant, and was crowned as the winner, the first winner from that state.
Pageant officials launched an investigation after rumors began to surface. Gage initially lied to reporters or declined to comment when they questioned her about her past, but confessed the truth a day later: she was actually 18, not 21, had been married twice, and was a mother of two young children, which her mother and mother-in-law confirmed to reporters. As being a wife and mother were clear violations of the contest rules, Gage was immediately disqualified and stripped of her Miss USA crown. The crown and prizes subsequently went to the first runner-up, Charlotte Sheffield, Miss Utah.
By the time the truth was revealed, it was too late for Sheffield to replace her in the Miss Universe pageant, as Gage had already competed in the Miss Universe preliminary competition and been announced as one of the Top 15 semifinalists. When Miss Universe officials were informed of the situation, Gage was ejected from the competition, and Mónica Lamas of Argentina, who had placed 16th, replaced Gage as a semifinalist.
The Miss Universe title ultimately was won by Peru's Gladys Zender, who also nearly lost her crown when she was revealed to be only 17 (under the minimum age requirement), but pageant officials allowed her to retain her title, as it was customary at the time in Peru for those that had lived past their sixth month during their birth year to unofficially use the higher age, meaning Zender was considered to be 18 (having lived more than six months as a 17-year-old).
Aftermath and later life
When news of Gage's marriage broke, she was inundated with requests to appear on television. Her appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show was one of CBS's highest rated shows at the time. She also received hate mail.
1957-1964
In 1957, still aged 18, she moved to Las Vegas, Nevada with her two sons. She worked as a featured showgirl at the Hotel Tropicana. In early 1958, Gage divorced Ennis. She met dancer Nick Covacevich, who became her third husband. In 1960, Gage was charged with child abuse. In 1961, she filed for divorce from Covacevich and moved to Los Angeles, California, where she met her eventual fourth husband, an aspiring screenwriter, Gunther Peter Collatz.
In 1962, she appeared in the Roger Corman film Tales of Terror. In 1964, she had a tiny role in the film A House Is Not A Home and divorced Collatz. She experimented with LSD and was seen with John Drew Barrymore and Mickey Hargitay. She also appeared in the 1964 exploitation film Scream of the Butterfly directed by Eber Lobato, co-starring Nélida Lobato.
1965-1980
In November 1965 Gage was found unconscious in a motel room, overdosed on barbiturates after an attempted suicide. She was 26 years old. She spent three weeks at Camarillo State Hospital.
In 1965 her first book was published, My Name Is Leona Gage, Will Somebody Please Help Me? Her picture appeared on the cover of the ghostwritten book. At the end of 1965 she starred in the film Scream of the Butterfly. The film flopped. After an unsuccessful movie career she enrolled in hairdressing school. In 1966 she began work singing and dancing in burlesque clubs, married for the fifth and sixth times, and had another son for a total of five children, one daughter and four sons. She eventually lost custody of her children. Her daughter lived with her off and on. A comeback attempt in commercials was unsuccessful. In the 1970s and 1980s she attempted work in mainstream acting roles.
Gage lived in Southern California from the 1960s until her death. While in her 50s, she was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
References
External links
1939 births
2010 deaths
Beauty pageant controversies
Deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Miss USA 1950s delegates
Miss USA winners
People from Glen Burnie, Maryland
People from Wichita Falls, Texas
Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Leona%20Gage |
The Roosevelt Park Zoo is a zoo in Minot, North Dakota. It is the oldest zoo in North Dakota.
The zoo is open year-round with limited hours during the winter. New big cat habitats for lions, Amur Tigers, and Amur Leopards respectively have been built recently to replace the outdated feline house built after the flood of 1969.
History
Early years
Roosevelt Park Zoo opened in 1921 and the first animal exhibition featured the American Bison.
Management
In 1970, the zoo was separated from the city-owned Roosevelt Park and the Greater Minot Zoological Society was created to operate the zoo. Today, the zoo is part of the Minot Park District and the GMZS still exists as a 501-c charity to support the zoo.
Floods
The flood of 1969 caused every bird and animal to be moved from the zoo, which led to the redesign of the zoo grounds. A foot bridge, a feline house, and a new bear den were constructed. The 2011 Souris River Flood caused the animals once again to be relocated from the zoo. Due to cleanup efforts on the grounds and buildings, the zoo did not open for the 2012 season. The Zoo re-opened on May 4 of 2013.
References
External links
Zoos in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Minot, North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Minot, North Dakota
Zoos established in 1921
1921 establishments in North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt%20Park%20Zoo |
Dragon Hunters (French: Chasseurs de dragons) is an animated fantasy comedy television series created by Arthur Qwak and produced by the French company Futurikon and Tooncan. It follows the adventures of two hunters for hire through a medieval world of floating land masses that is terrorized by a widely varying menace of monsters known collectively as dragons. A 3-D feature film and a videogame based on the same creative universe have also been released.
Plot
Set in a Medieval world made of Floating Land Masses, two men, Gwizdo and Lian-Chu, are professional dragon hunters who have known each other since they were children. Perpetually flat broke, they are forced to continually stay at the Snoring Dragon Inn until they can get another dragon-hunting contract to pay their rent. The proprietress of the inn is Jeanneline, a three-time divorcee with two daughters, one of whom is also a professional dragon hunter who doesn't see her mother much.
Cast and characters
Main characters
Lian-Chu is a sword-wielding, muscle-bound warrior who actually deals out the dragon slaying. In contrast to Gwizdo, he is more kindhearted and honorable. He is also an avid knitter. In the episode "The Conjunction of the Three Moons", it is revealed that his parents were killed by a dragon, and in "Farewell Lian-Chu" it's revealed that they were killed because his uncle did not give notice to the people when the dragon was on his way to the village. He only knows how to count to 10 and can not read and thus depends on Gwizdo for this.
French voice: Alexis Victor (season 1), Thierry Desroses (season 2), Vincent Lindon (movie)
English voice: Harry Standjofski (season 1), Forest Whitaker (movie)
Gwizdo is the brains of the group, and negotiates their contracts with the helpless people terrorized by dragons. He is a small, gangly young man who speaks with a New York or New Jersey accent. He and Lian-Chu have known each other since childhood, and were raised together in an orphanage called Mother Hubbard's Farm. He is avaricious, cowardly, egotistical, cynical and unsympathetic, and abuses Hector constantly with violence and insults. However, he has a heart of gold hidden deep inside, which is elicited by Lian-Chu, Zaza or anyone else he considers a close friend. Furthermore, he is charismatic, and therefore something of a lovable rogue. In "The Orphan Farm" it's revealed that his egotism stems from his miserable childhood at Mother Hubbard's Orphan Farm, where he was bullied, abused and called names for being scared all the time. He is the one who can read, write and count at the inn, therefore Lian-Chu and Jeanneline depend on him for business and contracts. He also flies their airship, the St. George, and wears a pilot's cap (which he very rarely takes off) and goggles. A good deal of the time his attempts to exploit others' predicaments leads to failure, either because of some oversight or because his better nature prevails.
French voice: Ludovic Pinette (series), Patrick Timsit (movie)
English voice: Rick Jones (season 1), Rob Paulsen (movie)
Hector is their pet dog-like-dragon who does not possess the evil nature or the great size of the ones they hunt and acts like a dog. With his fur and ears he seems to be based on a variation of the Asian dragon (similar to Falkor the Luck Dragon in The Neverending Story). His hobbies are eating and picking on other animals such as chickens or sheep. While Gwizdo is the pilot of the St. George, Hector is required to pedal for the propeller, a task he is not fond of. He speaks with a mixture of grunts and pidgin English.
French voice: Frédéric Sanchez (series), Jeremy Prevost (movie)
English voice: Rick Jones (season 1), Dave Wittenberg (movie)
Other characters
Jennyline runs the Snoring Dragon Inn, where Lian-Chu and Gwizdo live. Lian-Chu and Gwizdo owe her an ever-growing debt for room and board. She is a heavyset woman who is short-tempered, strict, irascible and cynical. She has had three past marriages, which have resulted in Zoria, Zaza and possibly other children. She's in love with Gwizdo and wants to marry him, but he's too scared to commit to a relationship. Her name is given as Jennyline on the DVDs and Janelynn on the official website. The French and German variations of her name are Jeanneline.
French voice: Murielle Naigeon
English voice: Sonja Ball (season 1)
Zoe is Jennyline's oldest daughter, and is an accomplished dragon hunter in her own right. Like Zaza, she was inspired by Lian-Chu and Gwizdo at a young age, and trained with them to learn the moves and arts of the business. She is not a resident of the inn and makes few appearances, but is well known by the main characters. A victim of sexism, she has donned a male disguise in some parts to get more bounties, and goes by the name Zoria.
French voice: Marie Drion (movie)
English voice: Mary Mouser (movie)
Zaza is Jennyline's youngest daughter. She resides at the Snoring Dragon Inn as an assistant. She idolizes Lian-Chu and has dreams of becoming a dragon hunter when she grows up, of which Jennyline disapproves. She spends most of her time at the inn, but occasionally joins the hunters on quests, often through her own means.
French voice: Audrey Pic (season 1), Catherine Desplaces (season 2)
English voice: Annie Bovaird (season 1)
Noble Kayo is an elderly doctor whom the hunters sometimes turn to for advice regarding strange conditions, such as poison and paralysis. While intelligent, he is almost completely blind and a bit absent-minded, which makes having a straightforward conversation with him very difficult. In the French version his name is "Kao", which is pronounced the same as the French word for "chaos".
George and Gilbert Forrestal are a two-brother hunter duo, who know Lian-Chu and Gwizdo from growing up alongside them in the orphanage. They look down on Gwizdo and refer to him as a pipsqueak, and often bring up embarrassing childhood events of his. They see no room for competition, and often try to get the hunters' bounties themselves.
Prince Granion de Bismuth is the youngest son of Queen Clothilda. He is a selfless, noble, and somewhat naive hunter who hunts the dragons for free. His two older brothers were killed in dragon battles.
Episodes
Season 1
Season 2
Broadcast
The program was featured in the United States on Cartoon Network for a few weeks around January 2006, but, after having its time slot moved, vanished from the line-up. It returned in September 2006, only to disappear again in October 2006. Up until June 2007, it was available for viewing on Cartoon Network Video. In 2011, it was airing in the U.S. on Starz Kids & Family. 50 of the 52 episodes were available in English on Netflix through their partnership with Starz though the episodes were released out of order.
A second season of 26 episodes began airing in France in August 2007. International releases of both seasons have occurred in over 70 countries. A fanbase was formed in Arabic speaking countries, due to being broadcast on MBC 3. In October 2017, the series premiered in Bangladesh on Duronto TV, dubbed in Bengali.
Home media
Geneon has released five DVDs (containing episodes 1 - 17) in the U.S. and Canada.
Dragon Hunters Vol. 1: "It's A Dragon's Life"
Dragon Hunters Vol. 2: "Dead Dragon Walking"
Dragon Hunters Vol. 3: "There's No Place Like Home!"
Dragon Hunters Vol. 4: "Don't Look Now"
Dragon Hunters Vol. 5: "Unwelcome Guests"
Other media
Collectors game
The Die Drachenjäger (Dragon Hunters) collectors' game was created and distributed by Dracco Company Ltd, which was a new addition to the Dracco Company's merchandise. The game, released in Belgium, featured forty collectible figurines that resembled the monsters, dragons, and the heads of the main characters, Lian Chu, Gwizdo, Zaza, Hector, and Jennyline. The game plays identically to Dracco Heads.
A collection of figurines has also been featured by Revell.
Junior Novelizations
A series of junior novelizations of the episodes were published in France.
Comics
The comic series Chasseurs de Dragons was published by Delcourt in France and co-edited in the US by Peace Arch.
Movie
Directed by Guillaume Ivernel (also art director) and Arthur Qwak, producer by Philippe Delarue, a full-length computer-animated 3D movie was made by Mac Guff Ligne Paris, Futurikon and Trixter Film GmbH. The film is a prequel to the series, with Lian Chu, Gwizdo and Hector as roving travelers, and a young Zoria, then known as Princess Zoe.
A four-minute teaser was shown in both the Annecy Animation Festival and the Marché du Film in 2007.
It premiered on March 19, 2008 in Russia, and on March 26 in Belgium and France, and premiered 2010 in Mexico. It premiered on April 5, 2008 in the United States as part of the Sarasota Film Festival. Rob Paulsen confirmed at a convention interview that he and Forest Whitaker were respectively voicing Gwizdo and Lian Chu.
Covers
The show's theme, "The Dragon Hunters Song", is performed by the English rock band The Cure. The Cure took their song : 'Taking off' and changed it up for the show's theme. This track was available as a single and a track on the German compilation CD Toggo Music 11 in 2005, both now out of print.
References to popular culture
The air vehicle that Lian-chu, Gwizdo and Hector ride on is named after St. George.
The floating landscapes featured in the series are inspired by the fantasy artwork of Roger Dean, traditional Chinese Shan shui paintings as well as the landscapes of German painter Caspar David Friedrich.
References
External links
2000s Canadian animated television series
2000s French animated television series
2006 Canadian television series debuts
2006 French television series debuts
2010s Canadian animated television series
2010s French animated television series
2012 Canadian television series endings
2012 French television series endings
Canadian children's animated comedy television series
French children's animated comedy television series
Canadian children's animated fantasy television series
French children's animated fantasy television series
France Télévisions children's television series
France Télévisions television comedy
Hunting in popular culture
Animated television series about dragons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%20Hunters |
The Fender Jaguar Baritone Custom or Jaguar Bass VI Custom is a retro six-string electric bass guitar manufactured in 2005 and 2006. It is based on the 1964 Fender Jaguar electric guitar and the 1961 six-string Fender Bass VI electric bass guitar.
The tuning for The Baritone Custom is set one octave lower than a standard tuned guitar. It uses the same bass string set as the Bass VI model, but with a shorter scale length giving the Baritone Custom less string tension.
The body shape, pickup, and its switching setup are identical to the two pickup Jaguar model. Its electrics (not pickups or body shape) are similar to the four-string Jaguar Bass, which was issued in 2006 and is still in production today.
It has a fixed bridge rather than the Fender floating tremolo used on the Bass VI and all other Jaguar models. The Baritone Custom, its variant, and models of the Fender Jaguar Special HH are the only guitars to lack a floating tremolo.
They all have separate and similar belly-mounted bridges and tailpieces.
The Jaguar Baritone Custom is a Crafted-In-Japan model. The difference is the master has different switches and an unusual internal wiring. It includes a fuzz switch.
In 2006, Fender USA changed the name of the instrument to Jaguar Bass VI Custom. The term baritone guitar refers to one tuned B to B, between the tunings of a standard guitar and a bass. Despite the Bass VI called a baritone for most of its production run, the Jaguar Baritone Custom was always designed as a bass.
At the end of 2006, Fender decided to discontinue the model entirely. There have been no intentions to start manufacturing it again.
References
Fender electric guitars
Fender electric bass guitars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fender%20Jaguar%20Baritone%20Custom |
Heikki Liimatainen may refer to:
Heikki L, real name Heikki Liimatainen, Finnish musician
Heikki Liimatainen (athlete) (1894-1980), Finnish runner | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heikki%20Liimatainen |
"Holidae In" is a song by American rapper Chingy featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg. It was released on August 25, 2003, by Capitol Records and Ludacris's Disturbing tha Peace record label as the second single off his debut album Jackpot (2003). Produced by the duo the Trak Starz, the release garnered positive reviews from critics who praised the performances. In 2020, Entertainment Weekly wrote that the legacy of the song was that increased the "coolness factor" of Holiday Inn, hotel chain based in Atlanta, and owned by the hospitality company, Intercontinental Hotels Group.
Critical reception
Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club was positive towards the song, finding Chingy being able to hold his own opposite Ludacris and Snoop Dogg saying "it seems less like two icons helping out a scrappy newcomer than like a collaboration among three bona fide superstars." Billboard contributor Rashaun Hall praised the appearances of all three rappers throughout the track, giving note of both Chingy's "nasal flow" and Ludacris' "booming voice" mixing well and Snoop's "laid-back" delivery of the hook, raising it above your "typical party track". Matt Cibula of PopMatters panned the song, finding the scenario tiring and its guest stars contributed nothing to it, saying, "Big stars phoning it in is always a turn-off, and the fact that they bury this song at track #12 is telling. No one likes this stuff."
Commercial performance
The single debuted at number 73 on US Billboard Hot 100 chart the week of September 20, 2003. By October 4, the single had entered the top 40. In November, the St. Louis rapper was added to a nationwide promotional tour with the Atlanta-based rappers, Ludacris, Lil Jon & The Eastside Boyz, Ying Yang Twins and singer, Mýa. The tour included a number of music festivals arranged by local radio stations. The went on to reach the top 10 across nine Billboard charts and remained on all nine charts for 21 weeks or more.
Music video
Directed by independent film and music video director Jeremy Rall, the video take inspiration from the music video for the song Temptations featured on Tupac Shakur's third studio album, Me Against the World (1995), and its song title features a hotel setting. Shot from viewer's perspective, the camera is guided through a high end mansion/hotel called the Jackpot Inn. Every room has a special feature including a sleeproom, a pillow fight room (Room 102), Jamaican smoke room (Room 103), and a neon glowing room (fitness room). There is also a Brady Bunch parody segment and T-shirts that parody the logos of Holiday Inn and Atlanta based company, The Home Depot (but reads as "The Ho Depot"). Filmed years after his death, an actor bearing a resemblance to Tupac is also in the video.
The video was nominated for an 2004 MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video but lost to OutKast's "Hey Ya!".
Track listings
US and Australian CD single
"Holidae In" (clean version) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 4:32
"Represent" (clean version) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20) – 4:12
"Holidae In" (instrumental) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 4:32
US 12-inch single
"Holidae In" (clean version) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 4:30
"Holidae In" (album version) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 5:13
"Holidae In" (instrumental) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 5:13
"Represent" (clean version) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20) – 4:12
"Represent" (album version) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20) – 4:12
"Represent" (instrumental) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20) – 4:12
UK CD1
"Holidae In" (radio clean version) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg)
"Holidae In" (video) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg)
"Represent" (clean) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20)
"Right Thurr" (video)
UK CD2
"Holidae In" (radio clean version) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg)
"Represent" (clean) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20)
UK 12-inch single
A1. "Holidae In" (explicit version) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 5:14
A2. "Holidae In" (instrumental) (featuring Ludacris and Snoop Dogg) – 5:15
B1. "Represent" (clean version) (featuring Tity Boi and I-20) – 4:12
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2003 songs
2004 singles
Capitol Records singles
Chingy songs
Ludacris songs
Music videos directed by Jeremy Rall
Snoop Dogg songs
Songs about hotels and motels
Songs written by Chingy
Songs written by Ludacris | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidae%20In |
Dottie Rambo (March 2, 1934 – May 11, 2008) was an American gospel singer and songwriter. She was a Grammy winning solo artist and multiple Dove award-winning artist. Along with ex-husband Buck and daughter Reba, she formed the award-winning southern Gospel group, The Rambos. She wrote more than 2,500 songs, including her most notable, "The Holy Hills of Heaven Call Me", "He Looked Beyond My Fault and Saw My Need", "We Shall Behold Him", and "I Go To the Rock".
As a songwriter, Whitney Houston, Elvis Presley, Carol Channing, Sandi Patty, Barbara Mandrell, Dolly Parton, Vince Gill, Rhonda Vincent, Vestal Goodman, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Solomon Burke, and George Jones are among those who have recorded her songs. Her songs have appeared in movies such as Undertow. It's very common to find hymnals that include Dottie's compositions. The Gaither Homecoming series have featured/covered dozens of her songs; moreover, she has appeared in five of the Gaither Homecoming video and TV series.
Since the conception of Christian Television networks Dottie was a fixture on the new platform. Rambo appeared on Pat Robertson's CBN and 700 Club, Paul and Jan Crouch's TBN, Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker's PTL. Her closest association was with TBN where she had a TV series that ran as their #2 rated show for 6 years, “The Dottie Rambo Magazine”. Her series featured music, cooking segments, and celebrity guests; Minnie Pearl, Barbara Mandrell, Dottie West, Connie Smith, Lisa Whelchel and many others.
In 1991 Dottie was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall Of Fame, 1997 The Southern Gospel Music Hall Of Fame. The Christian Country Music Association's “Songwriter of The Century”. In 2006 she was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame with Lily Tomlin presenting her the honor. In 2007 Barbara Mandrell presented Dottie her induction into the Nashville Songwriter Association's Hall of Fame (she was the 10th female ever to be inducted). In 2008 she was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
In 2000, Rambo was awarded the ASCAP Lifetime Achievement Award. Her music is known for its poetic lyrics and cross genre reaching melodies often dealing with themes such as heaven, Christian sacrifice, hurts, and the born-again Christian experience.
On May 11, 2008, while on her tour bus heading to Texas for a Mother's Day concert, Rambo's tour bus crashed, killing her instantly. The crash took place in Mt. Vernon, Missouri. The other 6 passengers survived with injuries, including her manager Larry Ferguson and his family.
A tribute album in honor of Dottie's songwriting will be released in 2021. The album will feature artists of various genres singing their favorite Rambo composition. Rambo's longtime manager Larry Ferguson is co-producer of the project.
Early life
She was born Joyce Reba Luttrell in Madisonville, Kentucky in 1934 to Jerald Vernon "Chick" and Elizabeth Luttrell. According to personal accounts, she grew up in poverty and developed an early affinity for country music. She learned to play guitar while listening at night to the Grand Ole Opry on WSM radio in Nashville. At age eight, she started writing songs while sitting on a creek bank near her Morganfield, Kentucky home. She had the support of her mother and father, and by age ten she was singing and playing country music cover tunes on a local radio program.
At twelve years old, she became a born-again Christian and made a commitment to write and sing Christian music. The decision turned out to be pivotal in more than one way; it did not sit well with her father who gave her an ultimatum – give up Christian music or leave. She left home and went on the road, with her first engagement being at a church in Indianapolis, Indiana. She formed a trio called the Gospel Echoes and traveled throughout the midwestern and southern United States. The Gospel Echoes would consist of different members over the years, including Pat Green and Little Joe Hatfield.
In 1950, at age sixteen, she met Buck Rambo at a revival meeting she was holding with evangelist Jimmie Russell. They married shortly thereafter and began traveling and singing together after years of her traveling alone and living with pastors' families.
The Singing Rambos became the group's name with the addition of their daughter Reba in the mid-1960s. Through an introduction by another gospel group, the Happy Goodman Family, Rambo sang for the then-governor of Louisiana, Jimmie Davis, who was also a popular country and gospel music recording artist. Davis signed her to a writing contract with his publishing company, Jimmie Davis Music (BMI).
She received a signing bonus of around $3,000, the most she had ever earned up to that time. Though Jimmie Davis appears as a co-writer on Rambo's compositions during this time, she publicly stated he did not write any music or lyrics to her compositions but required a writer's share upon the publishing agreement. Jimmie Davis Music is now owned by Peer Music.
Throughout the 1960s her star began to rise, mostly as a songwriter, but also as a soloist. As the leader of The Singing Rambos she traveled internationally, including a 1967 trip to Vietnam to perform for American troops. While there, Rambo ministered in field hospitals, the USS Kitty Hawk, and the USS Ticonderoga. In Vietnam the group was billed as the "Swinging Rambos", as the government feared that a Christian singing group's safety could be at risk. US soldiers presented Rambo with a Viet Cong flag and other personal mementos from the war. She also performed in other parts of the world for the USO including Thule, Greenland. Outside of the USO tours she also traveled behind the Iron Curtain, throughout Europe, West Indies, Bahamas, The Holy Land (Israel), and Canada.
Her songwriting break and Davis' company's promotion of Rambo's songs resulted in a Warner Bros. Records recording contract for her and the Gospel Echoes. After earning as little as $50 a week for years, and often working day jobs to make ends meet, Rambo's fortunes began to improve. Their records were selling and her songs were being noticed within the industry, with other gospel groups beginning to record them. In 1968 she won a Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance for her album It's The Soul Of Me. Poor record sales for the Gospel Echoes caused the Warner Bros. label to release the group. Warner Bros. saw something special in Dottie as a solo artist and asked her to sign on with a recording contract for R&B music, she signed instead with the Benson Records as a solo artist and as part of The Singing Rambos.
Rambo worked with Billy Graham, Jimmy Swaggart, Oral Roberts, Benny Hinn, Kathryn Kuhlman, John Hagee, Jim Bakker, Tammy Faye Bakker-Messner, Paul and Jan Crouch, Paula White, Reinhard Bonnke, Pat Robertson, T. D. Jakes and others.
Her Down by the Creekbank is one of the most successful Christian children's records in history, earning platinum record status. In addition to her solo and trio recordings, Rambo appeared on other artists' recordings including Jimmie Davis, Barbara Mandrell, Dickey Betts of the Allman Brothers, The Dunaways, David Robertson, Amy Lambert, Kristian Booth, and Walt Mills.
Discography
Composer
Rambo reportedly composed upwards of 2,500 songs. ASCAP and BMI show only several hundred registered titles attributed to Rambo in its online database. Rambo's best-known songs include "We Shall Behold Him", "Holy Spirit Thou Art Welcome (In This Place)", "I Go to the Rock", "Sheltered in the Arms of God", "I Will Glory in the Cross", "He Looked Beyond My Fault", "Tears Will Never Stain the Streets of That City", "For What Earthly Reason", "If That Isn't Love", and "Too Much to Gain to Lose". She also wrote country music songs recorded by Jimmie Davis, Charlie Louvin, Rhonda Vincent, and Hank Snow, among others.
Rambo's songs have been recorded by a virtual "who's who" in the music world with her biggest songwriting cut being Whitney Houston's version of "I Go to the Rock", which appeared on the motion picture soundtrack for The Preacher's Wife. The recording garnered Rambo and Houston the 1998 GMA Dove Award for Traditional Gospel Song of the Year.
In addition, other secular artists have recorded Dottie Rambo compositions, including Solomon Burke, Johnny Cash, Carol Channing, Barbara Fairchild, Larry Gatlin, Crystal Gayle, Vince Gill, Wanda Jackson, George Jones, Alison Krauss, Jerry Lee Lewis, Barbara Mandrell, Bill Monroe, The Oak Ridge Boys, Dolly Parton, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jeannie C. Riley, Connie Smith, Hank Snow, Mel Tillis, Rhonda Vincent, Porter Wagoner, and Dottie West.
Numerous Christian/gospel artists have recorded her songs, such as Aaron Jeoffrey, Vanessa Bell Armstrong, The Barrett Sisters, The Blackwood Brothers, The Booth Brothers,The Inspirations, Greater Vision, Commissioned, The Crabb Family, Andrae Crouch, Danniebelle Hall, Jimmie Davis, DC Talk, Jeff and Sheri Easter, The Florida Boys, The Happy Goodmans, Steve Green, Larnelle Harris, Jake Hess, The Hoppers, The Isaacs, Bobby Jones, Ron Kenoly, Doyle Lawson, Mark Lowry, Janet Paschal, Sandi Patty, Karen Peck, The Speer Family, Albertina Walker, Vickie Winans, Karen Wheaton, Jimmy Swaggart, and The Collingsworth Family.
Television appearances
Throughout her career, beginning with the 1960s "Gospel Singing Jubilee", Rambo appeared on numerous television programs on virtually every Christian network as well as the TNN, PAX, and GMT Women's Entertainment channels. Dottie was part of Christian Television since its conception; appearing on Pat Robertson's CBN, The 700 Club, Paul and Jan Crouch's and TBN, Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker's PTL.
Dottie had her own series, Dottie Rambo Magazine, in the 1980s on TBN. It was the No. 2 rated program on the network for six years and has rerun on and off since. Her show featured segments of cooking, music, fashion shows, and celebrity friends such as Barbara Mandrell, Connie Smith, Dottie West, Minnie Pearl, and Lisa Whelchel (of The Facts of Life sitcom).
Dottie Rambo performed on several of the Gaither Homecoming video series (see her discography) including one devoted solely to her songs “Dottie Rambo with Homecoming Friends”. Her last appearance was Nashville Homecoming (released posthumously in 2009), in which she performed "I Just Came To Talk With You Lord."
Dottie Rambo has been the subject of many biographic television specials: TBN's Portrait of Grace, INSP's Inspirational Groundbreakers, BBC's White Gospel, and GMC's Faith and Fame (with the last being her final interview aired on television).
Later years
In 1987, Rambo suffered a ruptured disk which led to paralysis in her left leg. She underwent a series of surgeries that eventually reinstated limited mobility. Dottie and Buck divorced in 1994.
Although partially disabled, Rambo made major television appearances including The 700 Club, and as a regular guest performer on TBN. In 1994, TBN produced a Tribute Concert special that featured two hours of performances by Ricky Skaggs, Ricky Van Shelton, Vickie Winans, Jeannie C. Riley, Lulu Roman, and many others.
In 2002, Rambo reentered the studio to record her first solo album in eighteen years. The result was the award-winning hit Stand by the River. The title track, a duet with Dolly Parton, went to the number one spot of the Christian Country Radio Chart, as did its follow-up, "I'm Gonna Leave Here Shoutin'".
In 2004, a major live concert DVD/CD project, We Shall Behold Him: A Tribute to Dottie Rambo, was released. The concert was hosted by Barbara Mandrell and included performances by Dolly Parton, Crystal Gayle, Larry Gatlin, The Isaacs, Jessy Dixon, Vestal Goodman, The Speers, The Crabb Family, and Albertina Walker.
In 2007, she performed nationwide and appeared in concert at country singer Dolly Parton's Tennessee theme park, Dollywood.
In November 2007, Rambo completed another studio album with the working title of Sheltered. This album was released posthumously in September 2009 on Daywind Records. The project features 12 tracks, including duets with Porter Wagoner, Mel Tillis, The Whites and Lulu Roman. Upon completing this project, Rambo started another project that was to feature new compositions and music for a 2009 release.
In 2010, a tribute album began the recording process, featuring new tracks by artists from various genres of music, such as George Jones, Little Richard, Dolly Parton, Solomon Burke and other legendary performers. The album was reported to have been produced by her longtime manager (Larry Ferguson) and former assistant (Chris Barnes).
Death
Rambo died on May 11, 2008, as a result of injuries sustained in a bus accident along Interstate 44 just outside Mount Vernon, Missouri. She had just finished a performance at Calvary Life Church in Granite City, Illinois and was en route to a Mother's Day show in Texas when the 1997 Prévost bus she was traveling in ran off the road, struck a guard rail and hit an embankment. Rambo was pronounced dead at the scene. Her manager Larry Ferguson and his family were injured in the crash.
Her funeral was held at Christ Church in Nashville, Tennessee on May 19, 2008. Singers sang Rambo's compositions and included a who's whom in the Christian music world. Dottie's longtime friend Barbara Mandrell was one of those who eulogized the Gospel Music icon. President George W. Bush sent a flag that hung over the White House on the day of her passing, along with remarks that were read. She was interred at the Woodlawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Nashville. Lily Tomlin's parents, Little Jimmy Dickens and Jim Ed Brown are interred next to her.
Awards and honors
Rambo received numerous awards and other honors over the years, including one Grammy and three GMA Dove Awards. She was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame on two occasions; once with the Rambos and once as a solo artist. In 1994 the Christian Country Music Association awarded her with the Songwriter of the Century Award. She was given the ASCAP Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000, and two Christian Country Music Association (CCMA) awards; the Pioneer Award in 2003, and in 2004, Songwriter of the Year. She was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame] in 2006.
Her 2002 CD, Stand by the River, won two Christian Music Fan Awards, for Song of The Year and Duo of The Year (with Dolly Parton). The Nashville Songwriter's Hall of Fame inducted Rambo in 2007. She was inducted posthumously into the Christian Music Hall of Fame at the induction award ceremony on June 14, 2008. She was also posthumously inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Her manager and granddaughter accepted on her behalf. In 2011, Rambo was honored with a star on Music City's Walk of Fame, which her daughter Reba accepted on her behalf.
References
External links
Another biography
Story Behind Dottie Rambo's Song "He Looked Beyond My Fault and Saw My Need"
1934 births
2008 deaths
American gospel singers
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Indiana
People from Madisonville, Kentucky
People from Morganfield, Kentucky
Road incident deaths in Missouri
Southern gospel performers
20th-century American singers
Singers from Kentucky
Songwriters from Kentucky
Songwriters from Indiana
Kentucky women musicians
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Park Cemetery (Nashville, Tennessee) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottie%20Rambo |
Boyd Anderson Tackett (May 9, 1911 – February 23, 1985) was a U.S. Representative from Arkansas.
Biography
Tackett was born near Black Springs in Montgomery County in southwestern Arkansas. He moved with his parents to Glenwood, Arkansas, and attended public school; afterwards, he matriculated at Arkansas Polytechnic College at Russellville (1930–1932), continued at Ouachita College in Arkadelphia (1932–1933), and graduated in 1935 from the University of Arkansas School of Law at Fayetteville.
After being admitted to the bar, Tackett practiced law in Glenwood, Murfreesboro, and Nashville, Arkansas, until he was elected in 1936 to the Arkansas House of Representatives. He also served as the prosecuting attorney of the 9th Judicial Circuit of Arkansas until 1943, when he enlisted in the United States Army. Tackett served as a corporal in the Signal Corps until his discharge in 1944, when he resumed his law practice in Nashville.
In 1948, Tackett was elected as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arkansas's 4th District as a Democrat to the 81st and 82nd Congresses. He did not seek reelection to the House in 1952 but instead lost his bid for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination to Francis Cherry. Tackett returned to Texarkana and his law practice, where he remained until retirement in 1980.
Tackett lived again in Nashville, Arkansas, from 1983 until his death two years later. He was interred there at Restland Memorial Park.
References
Political Graveyard index
1911 births
1985 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Arkansas House of Representatives
United States Army non-commissioned officers
People from Montgomery County, Arkansas
People from Nashville, Arkansas
People from Texarkana, Arkansas
Arkansas lawyers
Ouachita Baptist University alumni
University of Arkansas School of Law alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Arkansas
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
United States Army personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyd%20Tackett |
The Douglas–Coldwell Foundation is a left-wing Canadian think tank devoted, in the words of its slogan, to "promoting education and research into social democracy." It was founded in 1971, and is based in Ottawa.
The Foundation was named for and inspired by Tommy Douglas, the first federal leader of the New Democratic Party from 1961 to 1971, and M. J. Coldwell, leader of its predecessor Co-operative Commonwealth Federation from 1942 to 1960. Both had desired a Canadian counterpart to the Fabian Society.
In 1987, it merged with the Ontario Woodsworth Memorial Foundation of Toronto, named for Coldwell's predecessor as CCF leader, J. S. Woodsworth.
The foundation has underwritten biographies of Douglas, Coldwell, Clarence Gillis, Stanley Knowles, and Grace MacInnis, and scholarships and lectureships at Canadian post-secondary institutions. The foundation also gives out yearly grants totalling up to $25,000 for projects supporting its mandate of "promoting education and research in social democracy."
The foundation is a registered charitable foundation, contributions to which are tax-deductible in Canada; it accepts memberships and solicits donations from individuals and organizations in the general public. While predominantly associated with NDP members and activists, and concerned in part with the history and future of the party, it is an independent group with no administrative connection to any political party.
Tommy Douglas was the foundation's first president. Trade unionist Kalmen Kaplansky led the think tank in the 1980s and 1990s.Tessa Hebb served as president from 1995 to 2005, followed by David Mackenzie, David White and David Mackenzie again until 2016. Former NDP senior advisor Karl Bélanger became president of the foundation in November 2016.
References
External links
Charities based in Canada
Organizations based in Ottawa
Organizations established in 1971
Political and economic research foundations
Political and economic think tanks based in Canada
Socialist education
Socialist think tanks
1971 establishments in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%E2%80%93Coldwell%20Foundation |
Apache Strike is a 3D helicopter game first released for the Macintosh in 1987.
Gameplay
Its objective is flying an Apache helicopter through a rudimentary hidden line-rendered cityscape in order to destroy the enemy's strategic defense computer. Enemy helicopters and tanks are encountered and must be shot down along the way. The Apache's position is shown in an onscreen map as well as bearing and distance to the defense computer. Some game events are presented in digitized speech by the Lifelike In-board Narrative Damage Assessment computer, or LINDA.
The intro music bears more than a passing resemblance to the Airwolf helicopter TV series theme.
Reception
Compute! in 1989 called the PC version of Apache Strikes graphics "sparse but colorful", noting that it was among the few inexpensive games supporting VGA graphics. The magazine recommended the game to those who "just want to blow some bad guys out of the sky without having to think too hard".
References
Computer Chronicles: Computer Games (1987.) Includes video reviews of Beyond Dark Castle and Apache Strike with Silicon Beach development V.P. Eric Zocher
External links
1987 video games
Activision games
Classic Mac OS games
Combat flight simulators
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Helicopter video games
Silicon Beach Software games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache%20Strike |
The Oasis class is a class of 5 Royal Caribbean International cruise ships. The first two ships in the class, and , were delivered respectively in 2009 and 2010 by STX Europe Turku Shipyard, Finland. A third Oasis-class vessel, , was delivered in 2016 built by STX France. A fourth vessel, , was completed in March 2018. As of March 2022, the fifth Oasis-class ship, Wonder of the Seas, is currently in service. A sixth ship, to be named Utopia of the Seas has been ordered by the company.
The first two ships in the class, Oasis of the Seas and Allure of the Seas, are slightly exceeded in size by the third ship, Harmony of the Seas. Symphony of the Seas is the second largest cruise ship in the world. Wonder of the Seas, which was completed in 2022, is larger than Symphony of the Seas. As of 2022, all ships of the Oasis class rank as the world's largest passenger ships.
Ship features
The Oasis-class ships surpassed the earlier ships as the world's largest and longest passenger ships. Oasis of the Seas is also wider, and with a gross tonnage of 225,282, is around 70,000 tones larger. Oasis-class vessels can carry over 5,400 passengers.
Public areas
Oasis-class ships are split into a number of different themed neighborhoods. Common to all ships are Entertainment Place, Central Park, Boardwalk and Royal Promenade.
Oasis-class ships feature a split structure, with the 5-deck high "Central Park" and "Boardwalk" outdoor areas running down the middle of the ship. These areas feature tropical gardens, restaurants, shops, and a working carousel.
Technical details
The displacement—the actual mass—is estimated at 100,000 tonnes, equivalent to the displacement of a .
To keep the ship stable without increasing the draft excessively, the designers created a wide hull. The cruise ship's officers were pleased with the ship class's stability and performance during the transatlantic crossing, when the vessel slowed and changed course in the face of winds "almost up to hurricane force" and seas in excess of .
The ship's power comes from six medium-speed, marine-diesel generating sets: three 16-cylinder Wärtsilä 16V46D common rail engines producing each and three similar 12-cylinder Wärtsilä 12V46D engines producing each. The fuel consumption of the main engines at full power is of fuel oil per engine per hour for the 16-cylinder engines, and per engine per hour for the 12-cylinder engines.
The total output of these prime movers, some , is converted to electricity, used in hotel power for operation of the lights, elevators, electronics, galleys, water treatment plant, and all of the other systems used on the operation of the vessel, as well as propulsion. Propulsion is provided by three Azipods, ABB's brand of electric azimuth thrusters. These pods, suspended under the stern, contain electric motors driving propellers. Because they are rotatable, no rudders are needed to steer the ship. Docking is assisted by four transverse bow thrusters.
The ship carries 18 lifeboats that hold 370 people each, for a total of 6,660 people. Inflatable life rafts provide for additional passengers and crew.
Ships
Generations
There are informally three generations of Oasis-class ship. The first generation (2009-2010) consists of Oasis of the Seas and Allure of the Seas. The second generation (2016-2018) consists of Harmony of the Seas and Symphony of the Seas. The third generation (2022-2024) consists of Wonder of the Seas and Utopia of the Seas.
The second generation introduced new bars and restaurants from the first-generation Quantum class, the Ultimate Abyss dry slide, a new waterpark and an Escape Room. The H2O Zone kids pool was replaced with an upgraded kids facility called Splashaway Bay.
The third generation of ships, described as "Oasis Plus" by some media sources, are marginally bigger, with around 200 additional guests at double occupancy and 100 additional crew. The third-generation includes a refurbished pool deck with a large movie screen and an additional pool on board, though far fewer hot tubs. The adults-only pool area is now enclosed and climate-controlled. It also has a new neighborhood: the Suite Neighborhood. The ship's buffet is located on Deck 15 aft rather than Deck 16 under the funnel and is the largest buffet in RCI's fleet. Other additions include a new playground and new food and drink venues.
List
Ship construction
Oasis of the Seas, the first vessel of the class, was ordered in February 2006 and designed under the name "Project Genesis". Her keel was laid down in December 2007 by STX Europe Turku Shipyard, Finland. The name Oasis of the Seas resulted from a competition held in May 2008. and full financing for Oasis of the Seas was secured in April 2009. The ship was completed and turned over to Royal Caribbean on 28 October 2009. Two days later, she departed Finland for the United States.
While exiting the Baltic Sea, the vessel passed underneath the Great Belt Fixed Link in Denmark in October 2009. The bridge has a clearance of above the water. Oasis of the Seas normally has an air draft of . The passage under the bridge was possible due to retraction of the telescoping funnels, and an additional was gained by the squat effect where vessels traveling at speed in a shallow channel are drawn deeper into the water. Approaching the bridge at , the ship passed under it with less than of clearance.
Proceeding through the English Channel, Oasis of the Seas stopped briefly in the Solent so that 300 shipyard workers who were on board doing finishing work could disembark. She then left for her intended home port of Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The ship arrived there on 13 November 2009, where tropical plants were installed prior to some introductory trips and her maiden voyage on 5 December 2009.
The keel of the second ship, Allure of the Seas, was laid on 2 December 2008 at the STX Europe Turku shipyard, Finland, during a ceremony involving Royal Caribbean and STX representatives. She was launched on 20 November 2009, with further outfitting taking place while afloat in the shipyard. Allure of the Seas was delivered to Royal Caribbean on 28 October 2010. She left the Turku shipyard on 29 October 2010, heading directly to her home port of Port Everglades. The ship is equipped with telescoping funnels to pass under bridges such as the Storebælt Bridge, which she passed on 30 October 2010. While media has reported that there was only of clearance, the mean water level was closer to . The squat effect, where vessels traveling at speed in a shallow channel will be drawn deeper into the water, did not have significant effect on the draft of the vessel.
Royal Caribbean confirmed in October 2012 that they were engaged in negotiations to build the third Oasis-class ship, which became Harmony of the Seas. The ship was ordered from STX France in December 2012, after failing to come to an agreement with the Government of Finland for additional financial support to build the ship at the STX Finland shipyard that built the first two ships. Steel cutting began in September 2013, and the ship was delivered in May 2016. The ship is larger than the earlier Oasis-class ships at an estimated 227,700 GT, in length, and in maximum width, representing an increase of 2,418 GT and length.
The ship has 2,744 passenger staterooms with a capacity of 6,360 passengers (5,488 double occupancy), an increase of 64 passengers over the previous ships in the class, as well as 1,197 crew cabins capable of berthing 2,100 crew. The ship features an expanded adults-only solarium area and three water slides, a first for Royal Caribbean. It cost about €1 billion (US$1.35 billion) and entered service in May 2016.
In May 2014, Royal Caribbean exercised their option for a fourth Oasis-class ship, which became Symphony of the Seas. Steel cutting began in February 2015, and the name of the ship was announced in March 2017. The ship was delivered in April 2018.
In May 2016, Royal Caribbean signed an agreement for a fifth Oasis-class ship, later named Wonder of the Seas. Steel cutting began in April 2019, and the keel was laid in October 2019. The ship name was announced in October 2019. A hull section was built at Crist at Gdansk and delivered to the yard in November 2019. She was launched in September 2020. Wonder of the Seas entered service in March 2022 as the largest ship in the world. She initially offering Caribbean sailings from Ft. Lauderdale, FL before repositioning to Europe to offer Western Mediterranean sailings from Barcelona, Spain and Rome, Italy.
In February 2019, Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. ordered a sixth Oasis-class ship, named Utopia of the Seas. Steel cutting began in Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in April 2022. Keel laying was held in July 2022.
Negotiations about a seventh vessel, to be built as B35 and to be delivered in 2026, were stopped in 2020 because of the coronavirus pandemic.
References
External links
Oasis of the Seas
Royal Caribbean
Ships built in Finland
Cruise ship classes
Royal Caribbean International
Ships built in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis-class%20cruise%20ship |
Lake Truesdale is a lake located in the hamlet of South Salem, part of the Town of Lewisboro, in northern Westchester County, New York. The lake is just under long and about across at its widest point. The primary water flow into the lake comes from the swamp on Pumping Station Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut.
The lake was created in 1927 by damming a stream and flooding Hoyt's pond and surrounding swamp. Two homeowners' associations (Truesdale Lake Property Owners' Association - TLPOA, and Truesdale Estates Association - TEA) manage the lake and maintain two beaches available to their members.
References
External links
Truesdale Lake website
Truesdale Lake Fact Sheet
Truesdale Lake Fact Sheet alternate location
Lakes of Westchester County, New York
Lakes of New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truesdale%20Lake%20%28New%20York%29 |
Epping was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1885 to 1974. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
History
Epping was one of eight single-member divisions of Essex (later classified as county constituencies) created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, replacing the three two member divisions of East, South and West Essex.
The seat underwent a significant loss of territory at the 1945 boundary review, with the majority of the electorate forming the new constituency of Woodford. It was abolished for the February 1974 general election when it was divided between the new seats of Chingford, Epping Forest and Harlow.
Its most prominent MP was Winston Churchill, who served as Prime Minister twice, the local MP for twenty-one years from 1924 to 1945, spanning the middle part of his long service as an MP. From 1945, he was the MP for Woodford.
In the 1955 and 1959 general elections, the celebrated cricket commentator and journalist John Arlott stood as the Liberal Party candidate.
Boundaries and boundary changes
1885–1918
The Sessional Divisions of Epping, Harlow, and Ongar; and
Part of the Sessional Division of Dunmow.
Formed from part of the abolished West Division. See below for areas covered.
1918–1945
The Urban Districts of Buckhurst Hill, Chingford, Epping, Loughton, Waltham Holy Cross, Wanstead, and Woodford; and
The Rural District of Epping.
Gained Woodford from the abolished Walthamstow Division of Essex and Wanstead from the Romford Division. Lost eastern areas, including Chipping Ongar, to Chelmsford, and northern areas, including Great Dunmow and Hatfield Broad Oak, to Saffron Walden.
1945–1974
The Municipal Borough of Chingford;
The Urban Districts of Epping and Waltham Holy Cross; and
The Rural District of Epping.
The House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1944 set up Boundaries Commissions to carry out periodic reviews of the distribution of parliamentary constituencies. It also authorised an initial review to subdivide abnormally large constituencies in time for the 1945 election. This was implemented by the Redistribution of Seats Order 1945 under which Epping was divided into two constituencies. As a consequence, the new Parliamentary Borough of Woodford was formed from the Municipal Borough of Wanstead and Woodford (created from amalgamating the two separate Urban Districts) and the Urban District of Chigwell (previously a parish in the Rural District of Epping which had also absorbed the former Urban Districts of Buckhurst Hill and Loughton).
Abolition
The seat was abolished in 1974 following the Second Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. The Borough of Chingford had been absorbed into the London Borough of Waltham Forest on its creation within Greater London and now formed the basis for the new constituency of Chingford within that Borough; the Urban District of Harlow, which had been created out of the Rural District of Epping, together with neighbouring parishes (now part of the merged Rural District of Epping and Ongar), formed the new constituency of Harlow; and remaining parts were included in the new constituency of Epping Forest.
Areas covered
1Renamed Wanstead and Woodford, with minor boundary changes, for the 1964 general election (S.I. 1960/454).
Members of Parliament
Election results
Elections in the 1880s
Elections in the 1890s
Elections in the 1900s
Elections in the 1910s
General Election 1914–15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
Unionist: Amelius Lockwood
Liberal:
Elections in the 1920s
Elections in the 1930s
Elections in the 1940s
General Election 1939–40:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
Conservative: Winston Churchill
Labour: Leon MacLaren
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1970s
References
Sources
Parliamentary constituencies in Essex (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1885
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1974
Winston Churchill | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epping%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 |
The relationship between Achilles and Patroclus is a key element of the stories associated with the Trojan War. In the Iliad, Homer describes a deep and meaningful relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, where Achilles is tender toward Patroclus, but callous and arrogant toward others. Its exact nature—whether homosexual, a non-sexual deep friendship, or something else entirely—has been a subject of dispute in both the Classical period and modern times. Homer never explicitly casts the two as lovers, but they were depicted as lovers in the archaic and classical periods of Greek literature, particularly in the works of Aeschylus, Aeschines and Plato.
The nature of the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus has been the subject of debate. Some contemporary critics, especially in the field of queer studies, have stated that their relationship was homosexual or latently homosexual. Some historians and classicists have disputed this, stating that there is no evidence for such an identification and criticize it as unfalsifiable.
In the Iliad
Achilles and Patroclus quarter together in a tent near their Greek allies fleet of ships. King Agamemnon realizes that Achilles, due to his heroic reputation, needs to enter the fight, but Achilles, having been disrespected by Agamemnon, refuses. Agamemnon sends an envoy to change his mind. In Book IX (lines 225 to 241) the diplomats, Odysseus and Ajax, hear Achilles playing the lyre and singing all alone with Patroclus. They both spring to their feet in surprise as the guests enter. After much talk, the embassy fails to convince Achilles to fight.
After more battle, Nestor arrives back to the Greek allies base with a wounded soldier. Achilles sends Patroclus out to speak with him. In Book XI (lines 786 to 804) Nestor reminds Patroclus that his father had long ago taught him that, although Achilles was nobler, he (Patroclus) was still Achilles' elder, and therefore he should counsel and guide Achilles wisely so that perhaps he would finally enter the fight against the Trojans, but if not, then he himself (Patroclus) should don Achilles' armor to deceive the Trojans into thinking that Achilles had joined the fight, which should scare them away from their base and back to their own walls.
Later on, the Trojans continue their advance on the Greek allies base and breech the defensive wall guarding their ships. Patroclus eventually dons Achilles' armor and scares them back, as planned, he also ends up killing Sarpedon, a son of Zeus, but is eventually killed by Hector. News of Patroclus' death reaches Achilles through Nestor's son Antilochus, which throws Achilles into deep grief. The earlier steadfast and unbreakable Achilles agonizes, touching Patroclus' dead body, smearing himself with ash and fasting. He laments Patroclus' death using language very similar to the grief of Hector's wife. He also requests that when he dies, his bones be mixed with Patroclus' in a vase.
The rage that follows from Patroclus' death becomes the prime motivation for Achilles to return to the battlefield. He returns to battle with the sole aim of avenging Patroclus' death by killing Hector, despite a warning that doing so would cost him his life. After defeating Hector, Achilles drags his corpse by the heels behind his chariot.
Achilles' strongest interpersonal bond is with Patroclus. As Gregory Nagy points out:
meant "companion" or "comrade"; in Homer it is usually used of soldiers under the same commander. While its feminine form () would be used for courtesans, a was still a form of soldier in Hellenistic and Byzantine times. In ancient texts, (often translated "most beloved") denoted a general type of love, used for love between family, between friends, a desire or enjoyment of an activity, as well as between lovers.
Achilles' attachment to Patroclus is an archetypal male bond that occurs elsewhere in Greek culture: the mythical Damon and Pythias, the legendary Orestes and Pylades, and the historical Harmodius and Aristogeiton are pairs of comrades who gladly face danger and death for and beside each other.
In the Oxford Classical Dictionary, David M. Halperin writes:
Classical views in antiquity
In the 5th and 4th centuries BC, the relationship was portrayed as same-sex love in the works of Aeschylus, Plato, Pindar, and Aeschines.
In Athens, the relationship was often viewed as being loving and pederastic. The Greek custom of between members of the same-sex, typically men, was a political, intellectual, and sometimes sexual relationship. Its ideal structure consisted of an older (lover, protector), and a younger (the beloved). The age difference between partners and their respective roles (either active or passive) was considered to be a key feature. Writers that assumed a pederastic relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, such as Plato and Aeschylus, were then faced with a problem of deciding who must be older and play the role of the .
Socrates
According to Xenophon's Symposium, Socrates stated that Achilles and Patroclus was strictly platonic. Specifically, according to Socrates: "Homer pictures us Achilles looking upon Patroclus not as the object of his passion but as a comrade, and in this spirit signally avenging his death".
Aeschylus
Aeschylus, in his lost tragedy The Myrmidons (5th century BC), assigned Achilles the role of or protector (since he had avenged his lover's death, even though the gods told him it would cost him his own life), and assigned Patroclus the roles of . Achilles publicly laments Patroclus' death, addressing the corpse and criticizing him for letting himself be killed. In a surviving fragment of the play, Achilles speaks of "the reverent company" of Patroclus' thighs and how Patroclus was "ungrateful for many kisses."
Pindar
Pindar's comparison of the adolescent boxer Hagesidamus and his trainer Ilas to Patroclus and Achilles in Olympian 10.16–21 (476 BC) as well as the comparison of Hagesidamus to Zeus' lover Ganymede in Olympian 10.99–105 suggest that student and trainer had a romantic relationship, especially after Aeschylus' depiction of Achilles and Patroclus as lovers in his play Myrmidons.
Plato
In Plato's Symposium, written , the speaker Phaedrus holds up Achilles and Patroclus as an example of divinely approved lovers. Phaedrus argues that Aeschylus erred in claiming Achilles was the because Achilles was more beautiful and youthful than Patroclus (characteristics of the ) as well as more noble and skilled in battle (characteristics of the ). Instead, Phaedrus suggests that Achilles is the whose reverence of his , Patroclus, was so great that he would be willing to die to avenge him.
Xenophon
Plato's contemporary, Xenophon, in his own Symposium, had Socrates argue that Achilles and Patroclus were merely chaste and devoted comrades. Xenophon cites other examples of legendary comrades, such as Orestes and Pylades, who were renowned for their joint achievements rather than any erotic relationship. Notably, in Xenophon's Symposium, the host Kallias and the young pankration victor Autolycos are called and .
Aeschines
Aeschines, at his trial in 345 BC, placed an emphasis on the importance of to the Greeks, argues that though Homer does not state it explicitly, educated people should be able to read between the lines: "Although (Homer) speaks in many places of Patroclus and Achilles, he hides their love and avoids giving a name to their friendship, thinking that the exceeding greatness of their affection is manifest to such of his hearers as are educated men." Most ancient writers (among the most influential Aeschylus, Plutarch, Theocritus, Martial and Lucian) followed the thinking laid out by Aeschines.
Pseudo-Apollodorus
According to Pseudo-Apollodorus, Patroclus was the son of Menoetius and Polymele. After Patroclus killed a young boy in anger, Menoetius gave him to Peleus, the father of Achilles. As such, Patroclus can be seen as a brother-like figure to Achilles.
Other interpretations from antiquity
Attempts to edit Homer's text were undertaken by Aristarchus of Samothrace in Alexandria around 200 BC. Aristarchus believed that Homer did not intend the two to be lovers. However, he did agree that the "we-two alone" passage did imply a love relation and argued it was a later interpolation.
Statius in the Achilleid states that Achilles and Patroclus were either within the same age group, or acted as if they were.
When Alexander the Great and his confidant Hephaestion passed through the city of Troy on their Asian campaign, Alexander honoured the sacred tomb of Achilles and Patroclus in front of the entire army, and this was taken as a clear declaration of their own relationship. The joint tomb and Alexander's action demonstrates the perceived significance of the Achilles-Patroclus relationship at that time (around 334 BC).
Post-classical and modern interpretations
Commentators from the Classical period interpreted the relationship through the lens of their own cultures. The post-classical tradition shows Achilles as heterosexual and having an exemplary platonic friendship with Patroclus. Medieval Christian writers deliberately suppressed the homoerotic nuances of the figure.
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare's play Troilus and Cressida portrays Achilles and Patroclus as lovers in the eyes of the Greeks. Achilles' decision to spend his days in his tent with Patroclus is seen by Odysseus (called Ulysses in the play) and many other Greeks as the chief reason for anxiety about Troy.
Achilles in Vietnam
Jonathan Shay, whose book Achilles in Vietnam proposes readings of the Iliad that have been helpful and therapeutically useful for the healing of mental wounds in Vietnam veterans, pointed out that their familial relationship in the Iliad must not be overlooked: Patroclus is Achilles' cousin and his foster brother; symbolically, comrades in battle are "like brothers," making the Achilles/Patroclus model useful for thinking about the intensity of Vietnam veterans' feelings of loss when their comrades fell beside them. Shay places a strong emphasis on the relationships that soldiers who experience combat together forge, and points out that this kind of loss has in fact often led to "berserking" of soldiers stunned with grief and rage, in a way similar to the raging of Achilles in the Iliad. Shay points out that a frequent topos in veterans' grief for a companion is that companion's gentleness or innocence; similarly, while a warrior of great note, Patroclus is said in the Iliad by other soldiers and by Briseis the captive to have been gentle and kind.
Troy (2004)
The film Troy presented Patroclus as a younger relative of Achilles, without any romantic or sexual aspects. (In the Iliad, it is explicitly stated that Patroclus was the older and more responsible of the two.)
The Song of Achilles
Madeline Miller's The Song of Achilles (2011) is a coming-of-age story told from Patroclus' point of view, showing the development of a loving and sexual relationship between Achilles and Patroclus.
Modern academics
David Halperin in One Hundred Years of Homosexuality (and in other works) compares Achilles and Patroclus to the traditions of Jonathan and David, and Gilgamesh and Enkidu, which are approximately contemporary with the Iliad's composition. He argues that while a modern reader is inclined to interpret the portrayal of these intense same-sex male warrior friendships as being fundamentally homoerotic, it is important to consider the greater themes of these relationships:
According to Halperin, these extra-institutional relationships were of necessity portrayed by using the language of other, institutionalized love relationships, such as those of parent/child and husband/wife. This can explain the overtones in Book 19 of the Iliad wherein Achilles mourns Patroclus (lines 315–337) in a similar manner used previously by Briseis (lines 287–300). Halperin maintained that Achilles and Patroclus had a non-sexual platonic friendship.
According to William A. Percy III, there are some scholars, such as Bernard Sergent, who believe that in Homer's Ionian culture there existed a homosexuality that had not taken on the form it later would in pederasty.
Robin Lane Fox has written that "There is certainly no evidence in the text of the Iliad that Achilles and Patroclus were lovers. [...] Those contemporary critics who see all literary instances of male affection for males as proof of "repressed homosexuality" have the same problem as other conspiracy theorists: their hypothesis is invulnerable to disproof; we have no way of knowing if they are wrong".
Classicists Victor Davis Hanson and John Heath argue that modern authors who identify the pair as homosexual ingeniously reinvent the Homeric text at will.
See also
Homosexuality in ancient Greece
Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece
Nisus and Euryalus
Notes
References
Achaean Leaders
Achilles
Fictional LGBT couples
Fictional LGBT characters in literature
LGBT themes in Greek mythology
Mythological duos | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles%20and%20Patroclus |
Baden used the South German gulden as its currency from 1754 until 1873. Until 1821, the Gulden was a unit of account, worth of a Conventionsthaler, used to denominate banknotes but not issued as a coin. It was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer landmünze.
In 1821, the first Gulden coins were issued, equal to the previous Gulden and subdivided into 60 Kreuzer. Between 1829 and 1837, the Thaler was the currency of Baden, worth 100 Kreuzer.
In 1837, Baden joined the South German Monetary Union and readopted the Gulden as its currency, again worth 60 Kreuzer. The new Gulden was equal to the earlier Gulden and was worth four sevenths of a Prussian Thaler.
In 1857, the Vereinsthaler was introduced to Baden but the Gulden, worth four sevenths of a Vereinsthaler, continued to be the chief unit of currency until 1873, when the German Mark was introduced at a rate of 1 Mark = 35 Kreuzer.
History of Baden
Currencies of Germany
Modern obsolete currencies
1754 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1873 disestablishments in Germany
Coins of the Holy Roman Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden%20gulden |
The White Bay Power Station is a heritage listed former coal-fired power station on a site in White Bay, in the suburb of Rozelle, from Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.
The remains of the plant can be clearly seen at the western end of the Anzac Bridge on the junction of Victoria Road and Roberts Street. The station has been inactive for a number of years and the site is now inaccessible to the general public. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
The station is often wrongly referred to as the Balmain Power Station, a plant originally located in Iron Cove, which has since been demolished.
History
To satisfy the power requirements for the expansion of the Sydney tram and rail network, the New South Wales Government Railways began the first phase of work on The White Bay Power Station in 1912.
The plant, constructed in the Federation Anglo-Dutch architectural style, was fully operational from 1917 with two further phases of development occurring between the years 1923–1928 and 1945–1948 which further increased the stations electricity output. It remained under the control of the department until 1953 when the newly created Electricity Commission of NSW took over. Ownership moved to Pacific Power when NSW electricity was deregulated in 1995.
White Bay was the longest serving of Sydney's metropolitan power stations and ceased production on Christmas Day in 1983. During the 1990s, the site was decontaminated, asbestos was removed and the majority of the remaining machinery taken away. In 2000, the plant was sold to the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority (SHFA) for around A$4m.
The SHFA has produced a conservation management plan for the White Bay area and this was endorsed by the NSW Heritage Council in 2004. The future of the site, the now derelict buildings and the remaining contents remains uncertain.
SHFA is undertaking conservation works including roof repairs to the buildings to make them weatherproof and reduce further degradation to the remaining internal plant and equipment.
Equipment
White Bay Power Station boasted an interesting mixture of equipment, including 25 Hertz and 50 Hz alternators, mostly from British manufacturers.
Units 1 to 3 and temporary no. 4 – 25 Hz
The earliest plant comprised three 750 rpm 25 Hz turbo-alternators from Willans & Robinson of Rugby and Dick, Kerr of Preston, England with a continuous rating of 8.7 MW and a two-hour rating of 10.5 MW. The first alternator was tested in 1913, before the buildings that housed it were completed. The second set was installed in 1917. Delivery of the third Dick, Kerr alternator was delayed, and it was initially installed at Ultimo Power Station upon arrival from England in 1914. Owing to the delay of the third Dick, Kerr alternator, a single Curtis 7.5 MW turbo-alternator from General Electric of Schenectady, New York, USA was brought into temporary use in 1917 in the unit number four position. The third Dick, Kerr alternator was transferred from Ultimo to White Bay as unit no. 3 in 1918, giving the station an initial capacity of 28.5 MW. Steam was supplied by 8 Babcock & Wilcox, WIF long drum, chain grate, boilers. They each produced 30,000 lb/hour at a pressure of 205 psi and a temperature of . Unit no. 1 was decommissioned in 1944, but its alternator was reconfigured for use as a synchronous condenser, for correction of power factor in the 25 cycle per second grid. The other 2 sets were scrapped by 1948.
Units 4 and 5 – 25 Hz
The temporary General Electric unit was removed in the early 1920s to accommodate the expansion of the station as originally planned. In 1924, a 1,500 rpm 25 c/s turbo-alternator from English Electric Australia having a continuous rating of 18.75 MW was brought into use as the new unit no. 4, followed by a second identical unit (no. 5) in 1925. Another 8 Babcock &Wilcox, balanced draught, cross tube marine type boilers were built. They each produced 70,000 lb/hour at 215 psi and were installed in the 'A' boiler house. This was the end of the first stage of construction, with five 25 Hz turbo-alternators in final configuration, for 58.5 MW.
Turbo-alternator no.2 were retired in 1946 along with the first 4 boilers. The no. 4 machine was removed in 1951 and no. 5 removed in 1955. In 1952 the rest of the 'A' boilers were removed to make room for 'C' station. All 25 Hz equipment had been removed by 1958, coinciding with the gradual closure of the Sydney tram network.
Units 6 to 9 – 50 Hz – 86 MW
In 1926, the first 50 cycle equipment was brought into use. This comprised three Australian General Electric turbines with British Thomson-Houston alternators which ran at 1,500 rpm, with a continuous rating of 22 MW, they were numbered 6, 7 and 8. Steam was supplied by 9 Babcox and Wilcox CTM chain grate boilers. Each boiler produced 80,000 lbs/hour at a pressure of 275 psi and a temperature of . In 1928, a single 20 MW unit supplied by Parsons was brought into use (no.9), giving the second stage (B Station) a capacity of 86 MW, and the station a total of 144.5 MW. The BTH units experienced a number of turbine blade and ring failures from the late 1940s. Following the completion of the third stage (q.v.) in 1958, units 6 to 9 saw occasional emergency use and were decommissioned in June 1975.
Third stage – new units 1 and 2 – 50 Hz – 100 MW
A 50 MW, 50 cycle turbo-alternator from Parsons was commissioned in 1951 (no. 1), followed by a second identical unit in 1955 (no. 2). These two sets were erected on the 'A' station site and all 25 Hz equipment had been removed during this third stage of development in 1948. Steam was supplied from 4 Babcock + Wilcox pulverized coal high pressure boilers. Each boiler produced 225,000 lb/hour at 650PSI and . The No.5 turbo-alternator, an English Electric 18.75 MW 25 Hz, continued to operate for some time afterwards, using steam diverted from the new high pressure boilers. Owing to delays in boiler installation, the second 50 MW Parsons unit, which was in place from 1955, was not fully operational until 1958. By that time, the power station was unrecognizable from its original appearance. The capacity of the third stage of development was 100 MW, bringing the total to 186 MW, although this maximum was rarely attained. As the Electricity Commission of New South Wales built new power stations, White Bay became a peak load supplier.
Units 6 to 9 were decommissioned in 1975 and removed, thereafter only the 50 MW Parsons units remained. Thenceforth, the remaining units saw intermittent use; their last intensive use was during power shortages in 1982. The entire power station was closed permanently on 25 December 1983. Like Pyrmont, which was also fitted with 50 MW turbo-alternators in the 1950s, some of the generating equipment at White Bay saw little more than twenty years of regular use before decommissioning.
Recent uses
The site was a popular venue for photographers and film and television productions. Productions at the power station include The Matrix Reloaded, Red Planet and a number of Australian television series, including Water Rats, and advertisements. A metal staircase constructed during the making of The Matrix Reloaded remains in the boiler house. It was used in 2012 as a filming site for The Great Gatsby.
Occasional licensed guided tours of the plant have been arranged by organisations such as the Historic Houses Trust and Australia ICOMOS.
One of each piece of power plant machinery remains on the site to demonstrate the process of generating power from coal should public tours or redevelopment ever take place in the future.
The site forms part of the New South Wales Government's Bays Precinct urban renewal area. Google had expressed interest in working with the government to redevelop the site, but pulled out in April 2017.
Heritage listing
White Bay Power Station was the longest serving Sydney power station and is the only one to retain a representative set of machinery and items associated with the generation of electricity in the early and mid twentieth century. It retains within its fabric, and in the body of associated pictorial, written archives and reports and oral history recordings, evidence for the development of technology and work practices for the generation of electrical power from coal and water. This development of power generation at White Bay contributed to the expansion of the economy of Sydney and New South Wales.
As a result of its remarkably intact survival, it retains the unique ability to demonstrate, by its location, massing, design, machinery and associated archives, the influence and dominance that early power-generating technology exerted on the lives and urban fabric of inner cities in the first half of the 20th century. The extant items within the surviving operational systems are of an impressive scale and exhibit a high degree of creative and technical achievement in their design and configuration. They encompass all aspects of the generation of electrical power, and represent all phases from the inter-war period through to the more sophisticated technologies of the mid 20th century. They are of exceptional technical significance with research potential to yield information not available from any other source.
Aesthetically, White Bay Power Station contains internal and external spaces of exceptional significance. These spaces include raw industrial spaces of a scale, quality and configuration which is becoming increasingly rare and which inspire visitors and users alike. Externally, it is a widely recognised and highly visible landmark, marking the head of White Bay and the southern entry to the Balmain Peninsula and its industrial waterfront. It retains a powerful physical presence and industrial aesthetic and is the most important surviving industrial building in the area .
White Bay Power Station has strong and special associations and meanings for the local community, for former power station workers and for others who have used the site, and is of high social significance. It is a potent symbol of the area's industrial origins and working traditions, aspects of community identity that are strongly valued today by both older and new residents. It is one of the few surviving features in the area that provide this symbolic connection.
It is the only coal based industrial structure, dependent on a waterside location to survive adjacent to the harbour in the Sydney Region. It also forms part of a closely related group of large scale industrial structures and spaces (White Bay Container Terminal, Glebe Island Silos, Container Terminal and Anzac Bridge) which along with the White Bay Hotel, define a major entry point to the city from the west.
It is of exceptional structural significance to the State of New South Wales.
White Bay Power Station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
White Bay Power Station is important as part of the States development of electrical power for industry and the growth of local and capital development across the State in the first 70 years of the 20th century. It is the only power station in NSW to retain in situ a full set of both structures and machinery from this period.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
White Bay Power Station has a rare ability to demonstrate once common and standard work practices of the early to middle 20th century which are now almost entirely discontinued through changes in technology and occupational health and safety. It is a rare surviving element in an area of Sydney which was once almost entirely dependent on such industries for its livelihood.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
White Bay Power Station retains a broad range of spaces and elements including machinery, which are exceptional for their raw industrial aesthetic qualities. As an assemblage of structures the White Bay Power Station retains exceptional aesthetic value as an icon of early to mid 20th century industry, an important component of a rare group of harbour side industrial structures and a prominent marker in the cityscape signifying the entry point from the west. In particular the two chimney stacks are visible from many parts of the inner west and are a constant point of reference.
Its design and construction while typical for its time is now a rare surviving example of such industrial buildings and machinery complexes. It also demonstrates technological achievements of its time in the erection of the 1927 reinforced concrete structures and the 1958 boiler house, with its large area of steel framed and glazed curtain walling.
The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
White Bay Power Station has strong and special associations and meanings for the local community, for former power station workers and for others who have used the site, and is of high social significance. It is a potent symbol of the area's industrial origins and working traditions, aspects of community identity that are strongly valued today by both older and new residents. It is one of few surviving features that provide this symbolic connection.
For former employees at White Bay Power Station, this place provides a link to their past working lives and evokes memories of people and events that remain important to them today. It represents the post-war period of power station operation, and through the retention of technologies, systems and machinery it has the ability to evoke this period and demonstrate the production methods and working conditions of the time.
White Bay Power Station is a widely recognised landmark, the most important surviving industrial signature building locally and the marker of the entry to the Balmain peninsula and its industrial harbour. It retains a powerful physical presence and industrial aesthetic.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
As a now rare and intact surviving early 20th century industrial complex in the inner Sydney Harbour region and particularly in Balmain, White Bay Power Station contributes considerably to our understanding and appreciation of these areas and foreshores as formerly places of heavy industry and intense port activity.
As an early power station for the early 20th century tram and rail network, it was a vital component in the expansion and daily life of suburban Sydney.
White Bay Power Station contains a complete and in situ assemblage of machinery, spaces and elements comprising all the systems and processes for the generation of coal-fired electricity from the early to mid 20th century. This is the only surviving assemblage in NSW and it has the potential to yield information not found anywhere else in the State.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
As the only intact Power Station of its type left in NSW, with one complete power[-]generating system retained in situ for conservation, its rarity is firmly established.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
Retaining as it does a complete system of steam turbine generation of electricity from burning of fossil fuel, the White Bay Power Station is highly representative of this generation of power station. Other modern power stations use similar technology, albeit more modern and efficient. White Bay represents that type of early electricity generating technology which required the building of power stations close to the customer. As a complex of structures, buildings and machinery, it demonstrates the full configuration and processes of an early to mid 20th century city power station.
See also
Electricity
Electricity generation
Energy development
References
Attribution
Notes
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority The history of White Bay Power Station told through the eyes of former employees.
State Records NSW, Electricity Commission of New South Wales, Agency Detail
"Leichhardt: On the margins of the city", Allen & Unwin, 1997, .
New South Wales Government Heritage Register; White Bay Power Station; Accessed October 2006;
O'Brien, G; The power has flickered, but the spark of the future is lit; Sydney Morning Herald; 26 November 2003;
External links
White Bay power station at the Dictionary of Sydney by Mark Dunn (2008). [CC-By-SA]
Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority
Local Images at InnerWest ImageBank
Sydney Architecture Images
Coal-fired power stations in New South Wales
Former buildings and structures in Sydney
Decommissioned power stations in New South Wales
Rozelle, New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
New South Wales State Heritage Register | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Bay%20Power%20Station |
William Hubbell may refer to:
William Spring Hubbell (1801–1873), politician
William Stone Hubbell (1837–1930), U.S. Army captain
Bill Hubbell (1897–1980), baseball pitcher | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hubbell |
Andris Bērziņš (born 4 August 1951) is a Latvian politician born in Riga. He served as Prime Minister of Latvia from 5 May 2000 to 7 November 2002. He is a member of the Latvian Way political party.
Career
He served as minister of labor from 1993 to 1994, deputy prime minister and minister of welfare from 1994 to 1995, and mayor of Riga from 1997 to 2000.
Andris Bērziņš is an Honorary Member of The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.
References
1951 births
Living people
Politicians from Riga
Latvian Way politicians
Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way politicians
Prime Ministers of Latvia
Ministers of Welfare of Latvia
Deputies of the 9th Saeima
Deputies of the 10th Saeima
Mayors of Riga
University of Latvia alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andris%20B%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1%20%28Latvian%20Prime%20Minister%29 |
In astrology, reception is a condition where one planet is located in a sign where a second planet has astrological dignity--for example, a sign which the second planet rules or in which it is exalted, or where the second planet is the triplicity ruler.
In such a case, the first planet is said to be "received" by the dignified planet, and this relationship was seen by ancient and medieval astrologers to function in a similar way to that of host and guest. The dignified planet is strong, and hence provides support and assistance to the second planet which falls within its purview.
Sometimes this relationship is mutual—that is, each planet is in each other's sign of dignity. This condition is called mutual reception or "exchange of signs" and can be very beneficial to both planets.
References
Further reading
Technical factors of Western astrology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reception%20%28astrology%29 |
The Catholic Church in Brunei Darussalam is a part of the worldwide Catholic Church, in communion with the pope in Rome, and constitutionally recognised within the state of Brunei Darussalam. The entire territory of the Church in Brunei is organised as an apostolic vicariate, under the leadership of a bishop, since 2005. While no formal diplomatic relations exist between the Holy See and Brunei, there are existing quasi-diplomatic contacts between the church and government agencies at multiple levels. Since 1990, a papal nuncio has visited the country annually to make contact with the local church as well as the foreign affairs ministry. The Apostolic Delegation to Brunei Darussalam was established in 1998 following the establishment of the distinct Bruneian ecclesiastical territory as an apostolic prefecture. The Bruneian ecclesiastical jurisdiction falls under the purview of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.
In the modern day, the Catholic Church has been said to play an "important role" in interreligious dialogue in Brunei.
Early history
The first recorded Catholic missionaries arrived in Brunei in 1587, in the form of two Spanish Franciscan priests. However, it was not until 1855 that Brunei was included under its first ecclesiastical circumscription, as part of the Apostolic Prefecture of Labuan and North Borneo, and formally included under that territory in 1927. During the intervening years, a small church was set up in Brunei, dedicated to Our Lady of Every Grace, while the first baptisms of Bruneians were recorded. The church was eventually dismantled.
In 1929, the first church and mission school building to be physically located in the town of Kuala Belait in a multi-purpose building were established. The Kuala Belait Catholic community came to be known under the patronage of St. John during the 1950s. Up until this point, Brunei had been serving as an outstation of Our Blessed Sacrament Parish in Labuan. Fr. Crowther of the Mill Hill Missionaries was made the first resident priest in the state of Brunei; other clergy visited from neighbouring missions intermittently.
In 1941, another mission was established in then Brunei Town, with a building constructed on donated land that included church, living quarters and school facilities; the school and church came under the titled name of St. George. The resident priest was the principal. During the Japanese occupation, the school and church facilities ceased to function for their originally designated purposes, and were partly utilized by Japanese forces; the mission continued after the closing of hostilities.
In 1945, the Mill Hill Missionaries and the Sisters of St. Joseph combined efforts to form the Seria English School, then located on the present day location of Brunei Shell Recreation Club. In 1952, coinciding with the period in which Brunei became listed under the Apostolic Vicariate of Kuching, the Seria English School was relocated to elsewhere in Seria town, and renamed St. Michael's School, which had become overcrowded with male and female students by 1955. During 1955, the Church of Our Lady (colloquially referred to as St Michael's Church) was opened. In 1956, the Sisters of St. Joseph established St. Angela's School, up the road from St Michael's School, and the former was officially designated as an all-girls school, with the latter becoming an all-boys school. Following this development of infrastructure in the area, Seria became the headstation of the Brunei mission.
Between 1959 and 1976, the Apostolic Vicariate of Miri-Brunei was formed, which eventually was raised to Diocese of Miri-Brunei.
Elevation to distinct territory
On 21 November 1997, Pope John Paul II elevated Brunei to the status of an apostolic prefecture; for the first time in history, Brunei was to become a distinct ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Cornelius Sim was appointed as the country's first apostolic prefect; he had been vicar general of the then Diocese of Miri-Brunei.
On 20 October 2004, Pope John Paul II further elevated Brunei to the status of an apostolic vicariate; the wholly separate Brunei territory would now be shepherded by an apostolic vicar.
Pope John Paul II appointed Cornelius Sim as the first bishop and apostolic vicar of Brunei. Sim was then appointed as the first cardinal from Brunei, and more broadly the first from Borneo in November 2020. He died in 2021 and in 2023 the position is vacant.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the vicariate introduced livestreaming of Mass for the faithful to participate in a virtual capacity during lockdown measures.
See also
Apostolic Vicariate of Brunei Darussalam
Religion in Brunei
Christianity in Brunei
Freedom of religion in Brunei
References
External links
The Catholic Church in Brunei - GCatholic.org
Apostolic Vicariate in Brunei Darussalam
Catholic Bishops' Conference of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei
Brunei | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Brunei |
The timeline of first Earth observation satellites shows, in chronological order, those successful Earth observation satellites, that is, Earth satellites with a program of Earth science. Sputnik 1, while the first satellite ever launched, did not conduct Earth science. Explorer 1 was the first satellite to make an Earth science discovery when it found the Van Allen belts.
1950s
1960s
See also
List of Earth observation satellites
References
Claude LaFleur's The Spacecraft Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia Astronautica
Earth science satellites
Lists of satellites | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20first%20Earth%20observation%20satellites |
Zoo Records was a British independent record label formed by Bill Drummond and David Balfe in 1978. Zoo was launched to release the work of the perennially struggling Liverpool band Big in Japan (the label's first release being the From Y To Z and Never Again EP). The label also released two singles by Lori and the Chameleons, a Balfe and Drummond band which they formed after Big in Japan folded. Zoo Records went on to release early work from The Teardrop Explodes and Echo & the Bunnymen. The label also released the first single, "Iggy Pop's Jacket", by the Liverpool band Those Naughty Lumps.
Only two albums were released on the label: a Scott Walker compilation put together by Julian Cope, called Fire Escape in the Sky, and a label compilation called To the Shores of Lake Placid. In 1990, British reissue label Document took various Zoo singles and tracks from To the Shores of Lake Placid and released a compilation titled ’The Zoo’ Uncaged 1978–1982.
Fire Escape in the Sky had the catalogue number Zoo Two, while To the Shores of Lake Placid had Zoo Four. Zoo One was scheduled to be the Teardrop Explodes album Kilimanjaro (later released on Mercury Records) while Zoo Three was to be the same band's album Wilder.
To the Shores of Lake Placid
To the Shores of Lake Placid was released in 1982 and was compiled by Bill Drummond and Mick Houghton.
Track listing (1982)
Release notes
Track A1 – previously unreleased. Recorded T.W. Studios October 1977. Licensed from Warner Bros. Music Ltd. Big in Japan: Jayne Casey, Kevin Ward, Bill Drummond, Ian Broudie, Holly Johnson and Phil Allan.
Track A2 – previously released as single (Zoo Cage 002) January 1979. Recorded Open Eye Studios, Liverpool. Those Naughty Lumps: Peter Hart, Bill Drummond, David Balfe, Kevin Wilkinson and Gerry Culligan.
Track A3 – the original version, taken from the never released album Everybody Wants to Shag The Teardrop Explodes (Zoo 1). Recorded Rockfield Studios March 1980. The Teardrop Explodes: Julian Cope, Mick Finkler, David Balfe and Gary Dwyer.
Track A4 – original version featuring Echo, released as single (Zoo Cage 004) March 1979. Recorded August Studios, Liverpool March 1979. Echo and the Bunnymen: Ian McCulloch, Will Sergeant, Leslie Pattinson and Echo.
Track A5 – B-side of Track A4, not the version on American copies of Crocodiles or Korova Special Offer Version.
Track A6 – originally released by Zoo Records through Korova Records. Recorded Rockfield Studios January 1980. Lori and the Chameleons: Lori Lartey, Bill Drummond, David Balfe, Gary Dwyer, Ray Martinez and Tim Whittaker.
Track A7 – previously unreleased. Recorded Rockfield Studios February 1981. The Turquoise Swimming Pools: David Balfe, Hugh Jones and Troy Tate.
Track B1 – from the forthcoming album The Fuel of the Big Machine, licensed from 'Radio Peeking Duck'. Whopper: Milk (David Balfe), Kevin Stapleton and Buff Manila (Gary Dwyer).
Track B2 – originally released on Back Door. Recorded Rockfield Studios early 1979. Dalek (I Love You): Alan Gill, Dave Hughes and Chris Hughes.
Track B3 – previously unreleased. Recorded Rockfield Studios February 1981.
Track B4 – previously released as B-side of "Sleeping Gas" (Zoo Cage 003). Recorded Open Eye Studios, Liverpool November 1978. The Teardrop Explodes: Julian Cope, Mick Finkler, Paul Simpson and Gary Dwyer.
Track B5 – previously released on From Y to Z and Never Again (Zoo Cage 001). Licensed from Warner Bros. Music Ltd.
Track B6 – recorded for John Peel Session May 1979. With kind permission of the BBC.
Track B7 – previously unreleased. Recorded Cargo, Rochdale November 1979. The Teardrop Explodes: Julian Cope, Mick Finkler, Gerrard Quinn and Gary Dwyer.
The Zoo Uncaged 1978–1982 track listing (1995)
"Suicide A Go Go" – Big in Japan
"Nothing Special" – Big in Japan
"Iggy Pop's Jacket" – Those Naughty Lumps
"Pure and Innocent" – Those Naughty Lumps
"Sleeping Gas" – The Teardrop Explodes
"Camera Camera" – The Teardrop Explodes
"The Pictures on My Wall" – Echo and the Bunnymen
"Bouncing Babies" – The Teardrop Explodes
"Touch" – Lori & The Chameleons
"Love on the Ganges" – Lori and the Chameleons
"To See You" – Expelaires
"Frequency" – Expelaires
"Treason" – The Teardrop Explodes
"Books" – The Teardrop Explodes
"Revolutionary Spirit" – The Wild Swans
"God Forbid" – The Wild Swans
"Society For Cutting Up Young Men" – Big in Japan
"Taxi" – Big in Japan
"Cindy and the Barbi Dolls" – Big in Japan
Lori and the Chameleons
Lori and the Chameleons were a short-lived new wave band that existed during 1979 and 1980. Formed in Liverpool by ex-Big in Japan's Bill Drummond (guitar) and David Balfe (bass, keyboards), and the singer Lori Lartey, they combined synthpop, and post-punk styles in their songs.
Lori and the Chameleons released only two singles while together, in 1979 and 1980. The first, "Touch", was written over the course of a year by Balfe and Drummond, based on Lartey's holiday in Tokyo two years earlier. Tim Whitaker of Deaf School/Pink Military played drums on the single. "Touch" spent one week in the UK Singles Chart in December 1979, at No. 70. A second single, "The Lonely Spy" featured Gary Dwyer of the Teardrop Explodes on drums and Ray Martinez on trumpet. Lartey went to art school, while Balfe and Drummond began to work with the Teardrop Explodes, as keyboardist and manager, respectively.
Discography
"Touch" / "Love on the Ganges" (1979), Zoo (7-inch single)
"The Lonely Spy" / "Peru" (1980), Korova (7-inch single)
"Touch" / "The Lonely Spy" / "Love on the Ganges"* (1981), Korova (7/12-inch single)
*on 12-inch single only
Bibliography
Rip It Up And Start Again: Post-punk 1978–1984 by Simon Reynolds.
References
Defunct record labels of the United Kingdom
British independent record labels
Record labels established in 1978
Record labels disestablished in 1982
Bill Drummond
Indie rock record labels
New wave record labels
Post-punk record labels
Scouse culture of the early 1980s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo%20Records |
Fraubrunnen District is a constitutional district along of the 26 districts in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. Its capital is the municipality of Fraubrunnen. The district has an area of 124 km² and consisted of 27 municipalities.
From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Emmental district, whose administrative centre is Langnau im Emmental. Since 2010, it remains a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.
Population is as of December 2007, includes population and area of Ballmoos which merged into Jegenstorf in 2010
References
Former districts of the canton of Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraubrunnen%20District |
Chahinkapa Zoo is an zoo in Wahpeton, North Dakota. Opened in 1933 on land that had been purchased in 1903, it is the first zoo built in North Dakota. It is open May through October and by appointment during the winter. It features over 200 animals ranging from gibbon apes to Bengal tigers and White rhinos.
Chahinkapa Zoo has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1995. The zoo lost its accreditation in 2021.
History
Wahpeton purchased the land for Chahinkapa Park from the federal government in 1903. In 1933, the town established a Park Board with R.J. Hughes as director, and started the zoo with just a few animals.
In the 1960s, the zoo was moved to its current location, occupying at the North end of Chahinkapa Park. The Chahinkapa Zoo Association was formed in 1974 to help plan and raise money for the zoo, and by 1984 a master plan had been developed.
In 1989, the Rodger Ehnstrom Nature Center was opened as the center of educational activity in the zoo. The zoo hired its first director in 1994, and was accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in 1995.
In April 1997, the zoo was flooded, but all animals were safely evacuated and the zoo reopened at the end of May. Subsequently, a levee was constructed to protect the North side of Walpeton (including the zoo) from 500 year flood levels. The zoo was renovated at this time with new exhibits, paths, and a petting zoo.
Animals
The zoo is home to more than 200 animals representing about 100 species.
Primates at the zoo include orangutan, white-handed gibbon, black-handed spider monkey, black-and-white ruffed lemur, ring-tailed lemur, crowned lemur, and cottontop tamarin. Grazing mammals include Bactrian camels, plains zebras, southern white rhinos, llama, alpaca, American bison, Dall sheep, and elk. Other mammals include Bengal tigers, snow leopards, fossa, grizzly bear, cougar, bobcat, river otters, and red kangaroos.
Birds at the zoo include bald eagle, red-tailed hawk, rough-legged hawk, turkey vulture, black vulture, great horned owl, eastern screech owl, peregrine falcon, Indian peafowl, pheasants, ducks, Australian black swans, and peafowl.
Reptiles at the zoo include American alligator, red-tailed boa, Burmese star tortoise, sulcata tortoise, radiated tortoise and leopard tortoise.
Carousel
The Prairie Rose Carousel is a restored 1926 wood carousel built by Spillman Engineering for Lee Funland in upstate New York. It has twenty jumping horses arranged in two rows, and two chariots. Music is provided by band organ #125 from the Johnson Organ Co., itself being an excellent example of a twentieth century Calliope. The carousel is now housed in a climate controlled pavilion.
Notes
External links
Zoos in North Dakota
Nature centers in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Richland County, North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Richland County, North Dakota
Protected areas of Richland County, North Dakota
Zoos established in 1933
Wahpeton, North Dakota
1933 establishments in North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chahinkapa%20Zoo |
Chittaranjan Avenue, more commonly C.R. Avenue (Formerly Central Avenue), a principal north-south thoroughfare in Central-North Kolkata. It starts from Beadon Street (Dani Ghosh Sarani/Abhedananda Road) crossing (Girish Park) in the north and ends at Chowringhee Road-Bentinck Street Junction (Esplanade) in the south. The road is renamed after Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, a nationalist politician and freedom-fighter of India. North of Beadon Street crossing, Chittaranjan Avenue becomes Jatindra Mohan Avenue.
Significance
The road is arterial in maintaining north to central and vice versa connection in Kolkata. The road remains always busy. A major portion of the Kolkata Metro Line 1 runs beneath this road. Several important places are on this road, including Beadon Street crossing, Girish Park, Vivekananda Road crossing, Jorasanko, Mahajati Sadan, MG Road crossing, Kolkata Medical College, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Bowbazar, Khirode Vidya Binode Avenue-Dr. Lalit Banerjee Sarani crossing, B.B. Ganguly Street crossing, Ganesh Chandra Avenue crossing, Chandni Chowk and Esplanade.
This thoroughfare (earlier known as the 'Central Avenue') was built by the Calcutta Improvement Trust during the inter-war period. The process included massive displacement of populations in the central city. Social dislocations during the street-building process found expression in contemporary urban conflicts.
Operation
The road is bi-directional throughout the day. Certain crossings are however unidirectional, that is, in certain crossings vehicles can turn only in a specific direction and the other direction-turning is a punishable crime.
Gallery
References
Streets in Kolkata | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittaranjan%20Avenue |
Cosmopolis may refer to:
Arts
Film
Cosmopolis (film), a 2012 film by David Cronenberg based on the DeLillo novel
Cosmopolis, a fictional city in the Speed Racer film adaptation
Literature
Cosmopolis (novel), a 2003 novel by Don DeLillo
Cosmopolis, an 1892 novel by Paul Bourget
Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity, a book by Stephen Toulmin
Cosmopolis, the journal of the Jack Vance Integral Edition project.
Music
Cosmopolis, a musical work by Elias Breeskin
Cosmopolis, an album by Polish music band Brygada Kryzys
Television
Cosmopolis, the fictional city in which the TV series Mission Hill is set
Other
Cosmopolis, a fictional universe-wide magazine employed by novelist Jack Vance
Cosmopolis lamps are a range of High-intensity discharge lamps produced by Signify N.V. (formerly, Philips Lighting).
Places
Cosmopolis, Washington, a city in the United States
Cosmópolis, a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil
Publications
Cosmopolis: An International Monthly Review, a defunct multilingual literary magazine published from 1896 to 1898
Other
Cosmopolis XXI, a planned Russian vehicle that is billed as a space tourism vehicle
See also
Ecumenopolis, a single continuous worldwide city
Cosmopolitan (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolis |
The Go-Bang's were a three-piece Japanese all-female band active in the late 1980s and early 1990s. They broke up in 1994, and since then, Kaori Moriwaka (singer/songwriter) has become a solo singer/songwriter/producer/actress, while Mitsuko Saito (drums) and Misa Tanishima (bass guitar) have dropped beneath the radar, though apparently Saito has been seen drumming for a few other bands, fashion-modeling and played a drummer as an extra in the music video of J-pop singer Namie Amuro's Please Smile Again.
Initially a four-piece band, Go-Bang's lost their guitarist early on, becoming popular after she left the band. At the peak of their career, the album "Greatest Venus" went straight to the top of Oricon's Japanese album chart and stayed there for two consecutive weeks. They had a somewhat unusual sound, being a punk-influenced bubblegum pop band, and lacking a lead guitarist — though this wasn't always the case — on the album Samantha, for example, the Go-Bang's worked with the King Gangs, a three-piece all-male band, who complemented their line up with the addition of electric guitars and keyboard.
The album Samantha was mixed down by Michael Haas, who was a recording engineer for British techno/house band 808 State, at Revolution Studios in Manchester, England. Also, the album's title song "Samansa" was reproduced as an English language song and remixed by John Waddel from Rhythm King Productions, who produced British pop singer/rap artist Betty Boo. This remix version of the song was released as one of the songs on their remix mini album "Darrin."
Making cheerful, bouncy music, with a slight punk edge, the Go-Bang's made an impact on the Japanese charts for a short while, but gradually faded into the background, and disappeared almost completely from the public conscious following their breakup. However, some bands, such as the Titan Go-Kings, have referred to them as influences on their music.
Discography
Albums
ゴーバニックランド (Gobanic Land) (Pony Canyon, May 21, 1988)
ピグミ→・ピンキ→ (Pygmy Pinky) (Pony Canyon, November 21, 1988)
スペシャル アイ・ラブ・ユー (Special 'I Love You') (Pony Canyon, May 5, 1989)
グレイテスト・ビーナス (Greatest Venus) (Pony Canyon, March 3, 1990)
SAMANTHA(Pony Canyon, March 3, 1991)
DARRIN (Pony Canyon, June 6, 1991)
ワンダーフルーツ (Wonder Fruits) (BMG Victor, July 22, 1992)
DANGEROUS CHARMS (BMG Victor, June 23, 1993)
THE RECYCLE HITS (BMG Victor, November 21, 1993)
バイオニックロック (Bionic Rock) (BMG Victor, April 21, 1994)
Compilations
7DAY'S GO! GO! BOX (No record label, February 14, 1986)
ハッスルはお好き? (Would You Like 'Hustle'?) (Switch, May 21, 1988)
THE TV ショー (The TV Show) (Pony Canyon, September 21, 1989)
E.P's
HUSTLE BANG! BANG! (Switch, May 21, 1987)
プリマドンナはお好き? (Would You Like Prima Donna?) (Switch, October 21, 1987)
Singles
ざまぁ カンカン 娘(ガール) (That'll Show You Girl) (Pony Canyon, April 21, 1988)
かっこイイ(E)、ダーリン。 (Cool Darlin') (Pony Canyon, November 21, 1988)
スペシャル・ボーイフレンド (Special Boyfriend) (Pony Canyon, April 21, 1989)
あいにきて I・NEED・YOU! (Come to See Me, I Need You!) (Pony Canyon, December 27, 1989)
無敵のビーナス (Invincible Venus) (Pony Canyon, April 21, 1990)
ロックンロールサンタクロース (Rock 'n' Roll Santa Claus) (Pony Canyon, November 21, 1990)
BYE・BYE・BYE (Pony Canyon, February 21, 1991)
ちょっとだけハイカラ (A Little Bit of Plush) (BMG Victor, July 8, 1992)
恋のフリフリ (Amorous Sway) (BMG Victor, December 16, 1992)
ダイナマイトガイ (Dynamite Guy) (BMG Victor, June 23, 1993)
キスしたい (I Wanna Kiss) (BMG Victor, April 21, 1994)
External links
Kaori Morikawa's official site
English-language, Japanese-written summary of the band
Keikaku interview with the Titan Go-Kings
Japanese-language fansite
Another Japanese-language fansite
All-female punk bands
Japanese rock music groups
Pony Canyon artists
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups from Hokkaido | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go-Bang%27s |
South Point High School may refer to
South Point High School (India) in Kolkata
South Point High School (North Carolina) in Belmont, North Carolina
South Point High School (Ohio) in South Point, Ohio
See also
South Pointe High School (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Point%20High%20School |
Sacramental union (Latin: unio sacramentalis; Martin Luther's German: Sacramentliche Einigkeit; German: sakramentalische Vereinigung) is the Lutheran theological doctrine of the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the Christian Eucharist (see Eucharist in Lutheranism).
Type of union
The sacramental union is distinguished from the other "unions" in theology like the "personal union" of the two natures in Jesus Christ, the "mystical union" of Christ and his Church, and the "natural union" in the human person of body and soul. It is seen as similar to the personal union in the analogue of the uniting of the two perfect natures in the person of Jesus Christ in which both natures remain distinct: the integrity of the bread and wine remain though united with the body and the blood of Christ.
In the sacramental union the consecrated bread is united with the body of Christ and the consecrated wine is united with the blood of Christ by virtue of Christ's original institution with the result that anyone eating and drinking these "elements"—the consecrated bread and wine—really eats and drinks the physical body and blood of Christ as well. Lutherans maintain that what they believe to be the biblical doctrine of the manducatio indignorum ("eating of the unworthy") supports this doctrine as well as any other doctrine affirming the Real Presence. The manducatio indignorum is the contention that even unbelievers eating and drinking in the Eucharist really eat and drink the body and blood of Christ. This view was put forward by Martin Luther in his 1528 Confession Concerning Christ's Supper:
It is asserted in the Wittenberg Concord of 1536 and in the Formula of Concord. The Formula of Concord couples the term with the circumlocution ("in, with, and under the forms of bread and wine") used among Lutherans to further define their view:
Words of Institution
Lutherans believe that the words spoken by Jesus Christ at his Last Supper, the Words of Institution, bring about the sacramental union then and at all times whenever the Christian Eucharist is celebrated according to his mandate and institution.
Distinction from other doctrines of the Real Presence
This view is sometimes erroneously identified as consubstantiation in that it asserts the simultaneous presence of four essences in the Eucharist: the consecrated bread, the body of Christ, the consecrated wine, and the blood of Christ; but it differs in that it does not assert a "local" (three-dimensional, circumscribed) presence of the body and blood in the sacramental bread and wine respectively, which is rejected as "gross, carnal, and Capernaitic" in the Formula of Concord. The term "consubstantiation" has been associated with such a "local" inclusion of the Body and Blood of Christ in the sacramental bread and wine as has the term "impanation." Lutherans have also rejected the designation of their position as consubstantiation because they believe it, like transubstantiation, is a philosophical explanation of the Real Presence, whereas the sacramental union provides a description of the Real Presence.
Martin Luther distinguished this doctrine from that of transubstantiation and impanation in this way:
The Lutheran doctrine of the sacramental union is also distinct from the Reformed view. The Calvinistic view of Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper (a real, spiritual presence) is that Christ is truly present at the meal, though not substantially and particularly joined to the elements. This is in line with their general belief that "the finite cannot contain the infinite" (finitum non est capax infiniti). Lutherans, on the other hand, describe the Personal Union of the two natures in Christ (the divine and the human) as sharing their predicates or attributes more fully. The doctrine of the sacramental union is more consistent with this type of Christology. The Lutheran scholastics described the Reformed Christological position which leads to this doctrine as the extra calvinisticum, or "Calvinistic outside," because the Logos is thought to be outside or beyond the body of Christ.
See also
Confession Concerning Christ's Supper
Crypto-Calvinism
Eucharistic theologies contrasted
Marburg Colloquy
Martin Luther
Real Presence
Notes
Bibliography
Luther, Martin. D. Martin Luthers Werke, Kritische Gesamtausgabe. 65 vols. Weimar: Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Nochfolger, 1883- (The comprehensive Weimar Edition of Luther's works in German and Latin).
_. Luther's Works: American Edition. Jaroslav Jan. Pelikan, and Helmut T. Lehmann, gen. eds. 55 vols. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1955–86.
Triglot Concordia: The Symbolical Books of the Ev. Lutheran Church. St. Louis: CPH, 1921 (An English translation of the Book of Concord).
Martin Luther
Lutheran Eucharistic theology
Sacraments
Christian terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramental%20union |
The private bank Merck Finck Privatbankiers AG, founded in 1870, is based in Munich and is also represented nationwide with a total of 16 locations. Since 2011, it has been a subsidiary of the Luxembourg bank KBL European Private Bankers (KLB), which was renamed Quintet Private Bank in January 2020.
History
Merck Finck was founded under the company Merck, Christian & Co. on 1 July 1870 by Adolf Karl Ludwig Christian and banker Heinrich Johann Merck. Other limited partners were the Darmstater Bank forerunner of the Danatbank and the entrepreneur Theodor von Cramer-Klett. By 1879, together with his brother August, who replaced the departing general Christian, the previous authorized representative Wilhelm von Finck already held a large part of the bank assets. As part of these changes, the bank was renamed Merck, Finck & Co.
The core business of the bank was corporate financing and issuing corporate bonds. The bank was involved in the founding of companies such as the Süddeutsche Bodencreditbank AG (1871), the brewery Bürgerliches Brauhaus München (1880), the Isarwerke GmbH (1894) and the Münchener Trambahn-AG. In 1890, Merck Finck subscribed for almost 40% of the share capital of Allianz Versicherungs-AG. As a representative of the bank, Wilhelm Finck often took on a supervisory board mandate with the shareholdings and thus brought his economic expertise to a wide variety of companies.
His work was honored in 1905 with the appointment to the Imperial Council of the Crown of Bavaria. This brought the family also the elevation to the hereditary peerage.
After the bank had developed positively in the deposit, lending and securities business at the turn of the century, the First World War interrupted the upswing. The capital market was heavily regulated. The period of inflation after the end of the war also prevented further expansion. Despite falling revenues, the bank was able to continue its operations without external help.
Another turning point was the death of Wilhelm von Finck in 1924. His share of the bank of nearly 100% was shared equally between his son August von Finck Sr. and his daughters Margarete von Stengel and Elisabeth Winterstein.
The death of William von Finck and the take over of the banking business by his son ushered in a new era. Merck Finck & Co. made a major contribution to the founding of aircraft construction and air traffic companies: with Udet-Flugzeugbau GmbH, a predecessor of today's DASA, and Süddeutsche Aero Lloyd AG, a predecessor to Lufthansa, important industry pioneers were created in Germany.
The global economic crisis imposed further restrictions on banking from 1929 onwards. Nevertheless, it was possible to participate in businesses like the Vereinigte Werkstätten für Kunst im Handwerk, the sparkling wine cellar J. Oppmann and the Gesellschaft für Markt und Kühlhallen in Hamburg.
Due to its owner's (August von Finck Sr.) close ties to Nazi regime, the bank took part in numerous hostile overtaking of Jewish owned companies all across Germany and annexed Austria. :de:J. Dreyfus & Co. was one of many privately held companies forced to be sold to Hitler's entrepreneurs in the process of
Aryanization.
After the annexation of Austria to the German Reich in 1938, Merck, Finck & Co. took the opportunity to acquire Wiener Privatbankhaus S. M. v. Rothschild. This highly renowned Austrian private bank, owned by Louis Nathaniel de Rothschild, had controlled the Österreichische Kreditanstalt until 1931. From July 1938 it was provisionally administered by Merck, Finck & Co.. In 1940 it was "made aryan" by the newly founded bank E. v. Nicolai in Vienna; here Merck, Finck & Co. was involved with 71% and the German industrial bank (Düsseldorf) with 19%. After the Second World War the remaining values were given back to Louis Nathaniel von Rothschild, but he renounced the rebuilding of the bank S. M. v. Rothschild.
After a period between state influence and free enterprise under the Nazi regime, the bank Merck, Finck & Co. was completely paralyzed in post-war times, not least because of the involvement of the owners and senior executives in Nazi economic policy. It was not until 1949 that Merck Finck & Co. was able to resume business operations in the newly constructed bank building. The bank was now heavily involved in the securities industry. Through this and the support of August von Finck Jr. and later Wilhelm Winterstein August von Finck senior managed to re-enter the banking market.
In the following years, the bank expanded by founding new branches outside of Bavaria. Together with the family of steel industrialist Fritz von Waldthausen, the banking house Waldthausen & Co. was founded in 1954. Merck Finck & Co. took over the business of the banking house Alwin Steffan from Frankfurt am Main, to which it had longstanding connections, with the death of the senior partner in 1963.
Surprisingly August von Finck junior sold the bank for about DM 600 million to the British Barclays Bank Plc in October 1990. Due to tax reforms of the previous years undisclosed reserves that had been built up over generations were used up. In order to pay the taxes due, even parts of the over 100-year-old stock portfolio had been sold. The Barclays branches in Hamburg, Stuttgart and Berlin changed their name and became branches of Merck Finck & Co. However, as the broad retail banking of the new parent company was incompatible with private banking, which was firmly established in the bank, Barclays Bank sold Merck Finck in 1999 to KBL European Private Bankers (KBL epb), to which it has belonged ever since.
In 2002, Merck Finck acquired WestLB's German private banking unit. In 2005, the private banking business of Westfalenbank AG was acquired.
On 21 May 2010, the Indian investment company Hinduja Group announced that it would take over the KBL European Private Bankers division from the Belgian KBC Bank for €1.35 billion. However, on 16 March 2011 it became known that the Luxembourg financial regulator Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) refused to approve the sale. Thus, Merck Finck remained in the possession of the Belgian financial group KBC.
On October 10, 2011, it was announced that the Belgian KBC Group is selling its KBL European Private Bankers division for €1.05 billion to a Luxembourg holding called Precision Capital, which is backed by private individuals in Qatar. These belong to the family Al-Thani, which has shaped the political events of Qatar for about 200 years. The purchase was completed in July 2012. The KBL Group also includes the French Richelieu Banque Privée, Brown Shipley & Co in the UK and Theodoor Gilissen bankers in the Netherlands. On 1 September 2016, the private bank Merck Finck & Co changed its legal form, the Merck Finck & Co. oHG became Merck Finck Privatbankiers AG.
In January 2020, KBL European Private Bank changed its name to Quintet Private Bank and Merck Finck has since carried the addition "A Quintet Private Bank".
Managing directors
1879–1924 Wilhelm von Finck
1924–1980 August von Finck Sr.
1980–1991 August von Finck Jr.
1991–1995 Wilhelm Winterstein
1995–2002 Gerd Schmitz-Morkramer
2002–2010 Alexander Mettenheimer
2010–2015 Michael Krume and Georg Freiherr von Boeselager
2015–2016 Michael Krume, Thilo H. Wendenburg, Georg Freiherr von Boeselager, Udo Kröger, Joachim Gorny
2016–2017 Michael Krume, Udo Kröger, Joachim Gorny
since 2017 Matthias Schellenberg, Michael Krume
since 2018 Matthias Schellenberg, Michael Krume, Olivier Kuetgens
since June 2020 Thomas Rodermann, Olivier Kuetgens
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
since 2016 Georg Freiherr von Boeselager
Operations
The main focus of business activity is the consulting and management of large assets with a private or entrepreneurial background.
The offer ranges from strategic asset planning and asset management to advice on asset and company succession, family office and foundation consultancy.
This Luxembourg parent KBL epb enables the bank to initiate and conduct cross-border transactions throughout the euro area.
KBL European Private Bankers owns private banks in Belgium, France, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the Principality of Monaco and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
Shareholders
The bank is wholly owned by the European private banking group KBL European Private Bankers (KBL epb), which in turn is owned by private investors from Qatar through the Precision Capital holding.
Locations
The bank is represented at 15 locations throughout Germany. In addition to the parent company in Munich, private bankers are present in a broad network throughout the republic.
1870: Munich
1954: Düsseldorf
1963: Frankfurt am Main (Lindenstraße 27)
1992: Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart
2002: Cologne, Münster
2004: Grünwald
2005: Rottweil
2006: Augsburg, Lingen
2007: Aachen, Ingolstadt
2008: Essen, Koblenz
MF Foundation
Merck Finck has created a foundation to engage with clients for selected promotional purposes. The aim of the foundation is to support society in Germany in the further development of important future fields. The focus is on these topics:
Education and parenting
Youth and elderly help
Science and research
Arts and culture
Nature and environmental protection
Public health service
Monument protection and preservation of monuments
Criticism
The weekly magazine Der Spiegel reported in May 2014 that the adviser for large winners of the Westdeutsche Lotterie has conspicuously often mediated winners of large sums of money to the bank in order to invest the money over the long term. The article argues that lottery winners have often received poor advice and that asset classes such as ship funds and open-ended real estate funds have often led to losses. Westlotto denies that the employee would have had financial benefits from the negotiations.
In April 2014, the bank was convicted in one case because of falsely advising lottery winners. A married couple had won more than €6 million from Westlotto and invested them with Merck Finck & Co. The bank persuaded the couple to invest in so-called closed-end funds, which turned out to be uncertain, so that the couple lost a large part of the lottery prize. The Landgericht Münster established a false counsel and sentenced the bank to pay €510,000 to the couple.
References
External links
(in German)
Banks of Germany
Financial services companies based in Munich
1870 establishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck%20Finck%20Privatbankiers |
Jinja is a web template engine for the Python programming language. It was created by Armin Ronacher and is licensed under a BSD License. Jinja is similar to the Django template engine but provides Python-like expressions while ensuring that the templates are evaluated in a sandbox. It is a text-based template language and thus can be used to generate any markup as well as source code.
The Jinja template engine allows customization of tags, filters (for formatting or transforming values), tests (for evaluating conditions), and globals. Also, unlike the Django template engine, Jinja allows the template designer to call functions with arguments on objects.
Jinja is Flask's default template engine and it is also used by Ansible, Trac, and Salt. It is also used to make SQL macros, for example for use with dbt.
Features
Some of the features of Jinja are:
sandboxed execution
automatic HTML escaping to prevent cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks
template inheritance
compiles down to the optimal Python code just-in-time
optional ahead-of-time template compilation
easy to debug (for example, line numbers of exceptions directly point to the correct line in the template)
configurable syntax
Jinja, like Smarty, also ships with an easy-to-use filter system similar to the Unix pipeline.
Syntax
The syntax for printing output in Jinja is using the double curly braces, for example {{ Hello, World! }}.
Statements which set variables in jinja or those which do not have an output can be wrapped within {% and %}, using the set keyword. For example {% set foo = 42 %} sets a variable called foo with a value of 42.
Similar to above, comments in jinja can be written using hashtag (#) instead of a percentage (%), for example, {# helpful comment #}.
The syntax for creating a filter in Jinja is a vertical bar (|), for example {{ variable|filter }}. A variable can have multiple filters, for example {{ variable|filter|filter }}).
The syntax for creating a test in Jinja is the keyword is as well as the conditions for evaluating the validity of a test, such as for example {% if variable is divisibleby 10 %}do something{% endif %}).
For loops can be used to iterate over sequences, while retaining their object properties. The following example demonstrates iterating over a list of users with and fields.
{% for user in users %}
{{ user.username }}
{{ user.password }}
{% endfor %}
Although and are not allowed inside loops, sequences can be filtered.
Example
Here is a small example of a template file example.html.jinja:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>{{ variable|escape }}</title>
</head>
<body>
{%- for item in item_list %}
{{ item }}{% if not loop.last %},{% endif %}
{%- endfor %}
</body>
</html>
and templating code:
from jinja2 import Template
with open('example.html.jinja') as f:
tmpl = Template(f.read())
print(tmpl.render(
variable = 'Value with <unsafe> data',
item_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
))
This produces the HTML string:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Value with <unsafe> data</title>
</head>
<body>
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6
</body>
</html>
Sources
External links
Free software programmed in Python
Free system software
Python (programming language) libraries
Python (programming language) software
Template engines
Software using the BSD license
Articles with example Python (programming language) code | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinja%20%28template%20engine%29 |
Free Ride is an American partially improvised sitcom that aired on Fox starring Josh Dean as "Nate Stahlings", a recent college graduate re-adjusting to life at home with his parents in Johnson City, Missouri. The pilot episode aired on Wednesday, March 1, 2006 at 9:30 pm and the rest of the series aired on Sunday, after which Fox canceled it.
Cast
Main cast
Nate Stahlings — Josh Dean
Mark Dove — Dave Sheridan
Amber Danwood — Erin Cahill
Bob Stahlings — Allan Havey
Margo Stahlings — Loretta Fox
Recurring cast
Steve Moss — Dan Wells
Dylan Hudney — Kirby Heyborne
Episode guide
Season 1: 2006
This seasons viewer count was 7.1 million viewers.
Reception
Common Sense Media gave the show 1 out of 5 stars.
References
External links
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
2000s American single-camera sitcoms
2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
Television shows set in Missouri
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
Improvisational television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20Ride%20%28TV%20series%29 |
Ansonia High School is a public four-year high school located in Ansonia, Connecticut. It has approximately 513 students in grades 9 through 12. About 31.6 percent of the student body is Caucasian; 68.4 percent is minority. The school is accredited by the New England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, and the Connecticut State Department of Education.
Facilities
Ansonia High School was originally located on the east side of the Naugatuck River, at the foot of Prospect Street, near the intersection of North and South Cliff Street. Today, the lot serves as a small park and playground. The building burned in a massive fire on February 23, 1939. According to the Evening Sentinel, the building was being used for eighth and ninth grade at the time of the fire, and served 590 students. The fire started in the basement and ten were injured while fighting it.
The original building was erected in 1880. A new high school was opened in 1937, located on Howard Avenue on the west side of the Naugatuck River. This was relocated to the east side, where a new building opened in 1999. The previous building became the new Ansonia Middle School.
The school has 79 employees and have an average of 13.9 years of experience. 80 percent have a master's degree and 42 percent trained for the Beginning Educator Support and Training (BEST) program as mentors, assessors, or cooperating teachers. The school year contains two semesters and four marking periods. The minimum passing grade for the school is a 60.
Sports
In the mid-1970s, the high school adopted the "Chargers" as its mascot.
Ansonia is part of the Naugatuck Valley League
The football team has won the Walter Camp Football Foundation's Joseph W. Kelly Trophy - awarded to Connecticut's top football team - in '83, '89, '05, '06, '07, and '13.
It has placed boys in the all-star basketball team for the state. The boys' football team has also produced players who have been recruited for colleges.
Notable alumni
Richard A. Brualdi
John Cooke
Priscilla Garita
Shirlee Taylor Haizlip
Samuel Jaskilka, Class of 1937
Treat Baldwin Johnson
Loosey LaDuca
Sandy Osiecki
Ramondo Stallings
See also
List of high school football rivalries more than 100 years old
List of high schools in Connecticut
References
External links
High School
Public high schools in Connecticut
Schools in New Haven County, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansonia%20High%20School%20%28Connecticut%29 |
Ivan Alekseyevich Kornilov (1899–1953) was a Soviet general.
Kornilov rose through the ranks of the Red Army in the 1930s and was promoted to the rank of major-general in June 1940, commanding the 45th Rifle Division. He was in command of the 49th Rifle Corps during the early phases of Operation Barbarossa in 1941, but was badly wounded and had to give up his command. Shortly thereafter he was captured by the German Army and spent the rest of World War II as a prisoner of war.
He was detained by Soviet security services for the routine security checks as part of the filtration process administered to ensure that the newly liberated captured Soviet soldiers had not collaborated with their Nazi captors during captivity, but cleared and allowed to resume his military career in the same year. He served as head of the military departments at the Kuybyshev Planning Institute (1947–1950) and Rostov State University (1950–1953).
Notes
See Kornilov's entry at Generals.dk
References
Aleksander A. Maslov. Captured Soviet Generals: The Fate of Soviet Generals Captured by the Germans, 1941-45, London (UK) - Portland (Ore.), Frank Cass Publishers, Cass Series on Soviet (Russian) Military Institutions ISSN 1462-1835, No. 2, 2001, p. 310
1899 births
1953 deaths
Soviet major generals
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet prisoners of war
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Kornilov |
Government House, also known as Springfield House, is the official residence of the governor-general of Saint Kitts and Nevis, currently Dame Marcella Liburd.
History
In 1837, Sir Henry Blake sold the twenty-five acre lot to Thomas Harper who renamed it Springfield and built a house on it. Because Thomas Harper ran into debt, the property passed into the hands of Robert Sharry Harper, trustee under the marriage settlement of Mary Sharry Harper née Amory. When the archdeaconry of St Kitts was created due to the establishment of the Diocese of Antigua in 1842, it was felt that the rector of St George should be accommodated in a style more suitable for his new position of archdeacon. In keeping with this ambition, Francis Robert Brathwaite, the first archdeacon, bought Springfield from the Harpers in September 1848.
In 1855 Springfield house was conveyed in trust for public uses and purposes as determined by the governor, privy council, and Assembly. After repairs, it was appointed as the residence for then-rector the Venerable Archdeacon Jermyn in 1856. The property served as the residence of successive Rectors until disestablishment in 1874.
In 1946, after much repair, Sir Frederick Albert Phillip, the then-governor moved into the Springfield House.
Today, Springfield House, commonly known as the Government House of St. Kitts & Nevis, is the official residence of the governor-general of The Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis.
See also
Government Houses of the British Empire
Governors General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
References
Official residences
Buildings and structures in Basseterre
Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20House%2C%20Basseterre |
Andris Šķēle (born 16 January 1958) is a Latvian former politician and business oligarch. He served two terms as Prime Minister of Latvia from 1995 to 1997, and again from 1999 to 2000.
Early life
Šķēle graduated from the Latvian Agriculture Academy. He began to work in the Government in 1990 when he became the first secretary for the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1993 Šķēle briefly became the acting Minister of Agriculture. In 1994, he was assigned by then Prime Minister to create Latvia's Privatization Agency, while becoming the acting General Director of it.
During this time, he was not in active politics and was able to pursue the leadership role of several key Latvian businesses. He was Chairman of the Supervisory of the Latvian Shipping Company, as well as Supervisory Board member in Unibanka. He was also Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Avelat Group, which was one of the largest manufacturing and retailing groups in Latvia. In the following years, Šķēle took part in a management buyout of the Avelat group and became the single owner of it. However, he was forced to sell it later to avoid a conflict of interest while in active politics.
Prime Minister
In 1995, after the parliamentary elections of 6th Saeima, political parties were incapable of creating a coalition government for a while, thus Šķēle was presented as an independent candidate for the position of Prime Minister. The cabinet was approved on 21 September 1995 and worked until 7 August 1997. During Šķēle's leadership, the government focused on a wide-scale privatization program, liberalization of land ownership laws and maintaining a balanced budget. Šķēle was considered among the most popular politicians at the time.
People's Party
In 1998, before the parliamentary elections of 7th Saeima, Andris Šķēle founded the People's Party. It positioned itself as a conservative party and was able to win the elections, receiving 24 out of 100 seats in the parliament. However other political parties created a grand coalition and left the People's Party in the opposition. It was a year later when the government of Vilis Krištopans fell and Šķēle was able to form a new government. Šķēle once again became Prime Minister from 16 July 1999 to 5 May 2000. During this time, the government began talks of Latvia joining the EU and NATO which was achieved in a mere 4 years time.
In 2002, after the 8th Parliament elections, Šķēle retired from politics and formally left all political party roles. However, it was very clear that Šķēle had a significant influence on the political and economic situation of the country as the role of the People's Party grew over the years. Latvia's later Prime Ministers Aigars Kalvitis (2004-2007) and Laimdota Straujuma (2014-2016), and Maris Kucinskis (2016–2019) were members of the People's Party founded by Šķēle.
Business ventures
Šķēle's family company has constantly been diversifying its portfolio of investments in Latvia. They have invested in renewable wind energy, as well as wood processing and agriculture. They have also managed and owned Liepāja Autobus Park (LAP) that is the leading regional passenger transportation group in Latvia.
In 2013, Šķēle formed a joint venture with former politician Ainārs Šlesers. Together they own Multi Capital Holding group that currently manages and own the private company, Riga Port. Riga Port is a leading operator, developer and investor of port assets and rail-related services in Latvia. They operate the largest coal and fertilizer terminals in the Baltics.
Šķēle is currently working on the development of Riga Port City, as designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas.
Personal life
Andris Šķēle has been married twice. His wife Kristiāna Lībane-Šķēle is a well-known social worker, former parliament member and lawyer. At the same time, she is the honorary consul for Luxembourg in Latvia.
Šķēle has three children and his family for years has been named among the wealthiest families in Latvia.
References
1958 births
Living people
People from Ape, Latvia
People's Party (Latvia) politicians
Prime Ministers of Latvia
Ministers of Finance of Latvia
Deputies of the 7th Saeima
Deputies of the 8th Saeima
Deputies of the 10th Saeima
Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andris%20%C5%A0%C4%B7%C4%93le |
The Chevrolet Corvette (C2) is the second generation of the Corvette sports car, produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors (GM) for the 1963 through 1967 model years.
History
Origin and development
The 1963 Sting Ray production car's lineage can be traced to two separate GM projects: the Q-Corvette, and Bill Mitchell's racing Sting Ray. The Q-Corvette exercise of 1957 envisioned a smaller, more advanced Corvette as a coupe-only model, boasting a rear transaxle, independent rear suspension, and four-wheel disc brakes, with the rear brakes mounted inboard. Exterior styling was purposeful, with peaked fenders, a long nose, and a short, bobbed tail.
Meanwhile, Zora Arkus-Duntov and other GM engineers had become fascinated with mid and rear-engine designs. Duntov explored the mid/rear-engine layout with the lightweight, open-wheel, single-seat CERV I concept of 1959. A rear-engined Corvette was briefly considered during 1958–60, progressing as far as a full-scale mock-up designed around the Corvair's entire rear-mounted power package, including its air-cooled flat-six, as an alternative to the Corvette's usual water-cooled V8. By the fall of 1959, elements of the Q-Corvette and the Sting Ray Special racer would be incorporated into experimental project XP-720, which was the design program that led directly to the production 1963 Corvette Sting Ray. The XP-720 sought to deliver improved passenger accommodation, more luggage space, and superior ride and handling over previous Corvettes.
While Duntov was developing an innovative new chassis for the 1963 Corvette, designers were adapting and refining the basic look of the racing Sting Ray for the production model. A fully functional space buck (a wooden mock-up created to work out interior dimensions) was completed by early 1960, production coupe styling was locked up for the most part by April, and the interior, instrument panel included, was in place by November. Only in the fall of 1960 did the designers turn their creative attention to a new version of the traditional Corvette convertible and, still later, its detachable hardtop. For the first time in the Corvette's history, wind tunnel testing influenced the final shape, as did practical matters like interior space, windshield curvatures, and tooling limitations. Both body styles were extensively evaluated as production-ready 3/8-scale models at the Caltech wind tunnel.
The vehicle's inner structure received as much attention as the aerodynamics of its exterior. Fiberglass outer panels were retained, but the Sting Ray emerged with nearly twice as much steel support in its central structure as the 1958–62 Corvette. The resulting extra weight was balanced by a reduction in fiberglass thickness, so the finished product actually weighed a bit less than the old roadster. Passenger room was as good as before despite the tighter wheelbase, and the reinforcing steel girder made the cockpit both stronger and safer.
Design and engineering
The first-ever production Corvette coupe sported a fastback body with a long hood and a raised windsplit that ran the length of the roof and continued down the back on a pillar that bisected the rear window into right and left halves. The split backlite is usually attributed to Mitchell, who claimed to have been inspired by the 57SC Bugatti "Atlantique" coupe. The feature actually predated both the C2 Corvette and Bob McLean's Q-Corvette, having been used by Harley Earl on both his Oldsmobile Golden Rocket show car and his own more traditional design studies for the C2 Corvette, some of which had progressed to full-scale models. Earl's inspiration was said to have been an Alfa Romeo coupe with a body by Scaglione shown at the 1954 Turin Auto Show. A similar design would be used by the third-generation Buick Riviera that ran from 1971 to 1973.
Quad headlamps were retained but newly hidden – the first American car so equipped since the 1942 DeSoto. The lamps were mounted in rotating housings that blended with the sharp-edged front end when "closed". Hidden headlamps would be a feature of the Corvette until the C6 model debuted in 2005. Coupe doors were cut into the roof, which made entry/exit easier in such a low-slung closed car. Faux vents were located in the hood and on the coupe's rear pillars; functional ones had been intended but were cancelled due to cost considerations.
The Sting Ray's interior carried a re-interpretation of the twin-cowl Corvette dash motif used since 1958, but a more practical one incorporating a roomy glovebox, an improved heater, and the cowl-ventilation system. A full set of round gauges included a huge speedometer and tachometer. The control tower center console returned, somewhat slimmer but now containing the clock and a vertically situated radio. Luggage space was improved as well, although due to the lack of an external trunklid, cargo had to be loaded behind the seats. The spare tire was located at the rear in a drop-down fiberglass housing beneath the gas tank (which now held instead of . The large round deck emblem was newly hinged to double as a fuel-filler flap, replacing the previous left-flank door.
Though not as obvious as the car's radical styling, the new chassis was just as important to the Sting Ray's success. Maneuverability was improved thanks to the faster recirculating ball, or "Ball-Race", steering, and a shorter wheelbase. The latter might ordinarily imply a choppier ride, but the altered weight distribution partly compensated for it. Less weight on the front wheels also meant easier steering, and with some 80 additional pounds on the rear wheels, the Sting Ray offered improved traction. Stopping power improved, too. Four-wheel cast-iron 11-inch drum brakes remained standard but were now wider, for an increase in effective braking area. Sintered-metallic linings, segmented for cooling, were again optional. So were Al-Fin brake drums, which not only provided faster heat dissipation (and thus better fade resistance) but less unsprung weight. Power assist was available with both brake packages. Evolutionary engineering changes included positive crankcase ventilation, a smaller flywheel, and an aluminum clutch housing. A more efficient alternator replaced the old-fashioned generator.
The independent rear suspension created by Duntov was derived from the CERV I concept, and included a frame-mounted differential with U-jointed half-shafts tied together by a transverse leaf spring. Rubber-cushioned struts carried the differential, which reduced ride harshness while improving tire adhesion, especially on rougher roads. The transverse spring was bolted to the rear of the differential case. A control arm extended laterally and slightly forward from each side of the case to a hub carrier, with a trailing radius rod mounted behind it. The half-shafts functioned like upper control arms. The lower arms controlled vertical wheel motion, while the trailing rods took care of fore/aft wheel motion and transferred braking torque to the frame. Shock absorbers were conventional twin-tube units. Considerably lighter than the old solid axle, the new rear suspension array delivered a significant reduction in unsprung weight, which was important since the 1963 model would retain the previous generation's outboard rear brakes. The new model's front suspension would be much as before, with unequal-length upper and lower A-arms on coil springs concentric with the shocks, plus a standard anti-roll bar. Steering remained the conventional recirculating-ball steering design, but it was geared at a higher 19.6:1 overall ratio (previously 21.0:1). Bolted to the frame rail at one end and to the relay rod at the other was a new hydraulic steering damper (essentially a shock absorber), which helped soak up bumps before they reached the steering wheel. What's more, hydraulically assisted steering would be offered as optional equipment for the first time on a Corvette – except on cars with the two most powerful engines – and offer a faster 17.1:1 ratio, which reduced lock-to-lock turns from 3.4 to just 2.9.
Drivetrains were carried over from the previous generation, comprising four small block V8s, three transmissions, and six axle ratios. Carbureted engines came in , , and versions. As before, the base and optional units employed hydraulic lifters, a mild camshaft, forged-steel crankshaft, 10.5:1 compression, single-point distributor, and dual exhausts. The 300-bhp engine produced its extra power via a larger four-barrel carburetor (Carter AFB instead of the 250's Carter WCFB), plus larger intake valves and exhaust manifold. Again topping the performance chart was a fuel-injected V8, available for an extra $430.40. The car's standard transmission remained the familiar three-speed manual, though the preferred gearbox continued to be the Borg-Warner manual four-speed, changing over to the Muncie M20 during the 1963 model year, delivered with wide-ratio gears when teamed with the base and 300-bhp engines, and close-ratio gearing with the top two powerplants. Standard axle ratio for the three-speed manual or two-speed Powerglide automatic was 3.36:1. The four-speed gearbox came with a 3.70:1 final drive, but 3.08:1, 3.55:1, 4.11:1, and 4.56:1 gearsets were available. The last was quite rare in production, however.
Corvette's designers and engineers – Ed Cole, Duntov, Mitchell, and others – knew that after 10 years in its basic form, albeit much improved, it was time to move on. By decade's end, the machinery would be put into motion to fashion a fitting successor to debut for the 1963 model year. After years of tinkering with the basic package, Mitchell and his crew would finally break the mold of Harley Earl's original design once and for all. He would dub the Corvette’s second generation "Sting Ray" after the earlier race car of the same name.
The C2 was designed by Larry Shinoda (Pete Brock was also instrumental on the C2) under the direction of GM chief stylist Bill Mitchell. Inspiration was drawn from several sources: the contemporary Jaguar E-Type, one of which Mitchell owned and enjoyed driving frequently; the radical Sting Ray Racer Mitchell designed in 1959 as Chevrolet no longer participated in factory racing; and a Mako shark Mitchell caught while deep-sea fishing. Duntov disliked the split rear window (which also raised safety concerns due to reduced visibility) and it was discontinued in 1964, as were the fake hood vents.
Model year changes
1963
The 1963 Corvette Sting Ray not only had a new design, but also newfound handling prowess. The Sting Ray was also a somewhat lighter Corvette, so acceleration improved despite unchanged horsepower. For the 1963 model year, 21,513 units would be built, which was up 50 percent from the record-setting 1962 version. Production was divided almost evenly between the convertible and the new coupe – 10,919 and 10,594, respectively – and more than half the convertibles were ordered with the optional lift-off hardtop. Nevertheless, the coupe wouldn't sell as well again throughout the Sting Ray years. The closed Corvette did not outsell the open one until 1969, by which time the coupe came with a T-top featuring removable roof panels. Equipment installations for 1963 began reflecting the market's demand for more civility in sporting cars. The power brake option went into 15 percent of production, power steering into 12 percent. On the other hand, only 278 buyers specified the $421.80 air conditioning; leather upholstery – a mere $80.70 – was ordered on only 1,114 cars. The cast aluminum knock-off wheels, manufactured for Chevy by Kelsey-Hayes, cost $322.80 a set, but few buyers checked off that option. However, almost 18,000 Sting Rays left St. Louis with the four-speed manual gearbox – better than four out of every five.
All 1963 cars had 327cid engines, which made 250 hp standard, with optional variants that made 300 hp, 340 hp and 360 hp. The most powerful engine was the Rochester fuel injected engine. Options available on the C2 included AM-FM radio (mid 1963), air conditioning, and leather upholstery. Also available for the first time ever on a Corvette was a special performance equipment package the RPO Z06, for $1,818.45. These Corvettes came to be known as the "Big Tanks" because the package initially had a gas tank versus the standard 20-gallon for races such as Sebring and Daytona. At first, the package was only available on coupes because the oversized tank would not fit in the convertible.
In 1963 only 199 Z06 Corvettes were produced, usually reserved for racing, and of the 199 a total of six were specifically created for Le Mans racing by Chevrolet. One of the six 1963 Z06 Sting Rays was built late in 1962 to race at Riverside on 13 October 1962. They were destined to compete in a different sort of race for sports cars, a NASCAR sanctioned event on the famous Daytona Oval, the Daytona 250 – American Challenge Cup. This meant the cars needed to be prepared to a different set of rules, the same as those for the big Grand National stock cars. The chassis was modified extensively and an experimental engine installed. The car was lightened in every way possible and weighed just over . Further prep was done by Mickey Thompson. Among other changes, Thompson replaced the fiberglass Z06 "Big Tank" with an even larger metal tank. Driven by Junior Johnson, plagued by rain in the race, substitute driver Billy Krause finished third behind Paul Goldsmith's Pontiac Tempest and A. J. Foyt in another Corvette.
New for the 1963 model year was an optional electronic ignition, the breakerless magnetic pulse-triggered Delcotronic, first offered by Pontiac on some 1963 models.
1964
For 1964 Chevrolet made only evolutionary changes to the Corvette. Due to concerns over rear visibility, the coupe’s two piece split rear window was dropped in favor of a single piece of arched glass. Besides the coupe's backbone window, the two simulated air intakes were eliminated from the hood, though their indentations remained. Also, the decorative air-exhaust vent on the coupe's rear pillar was made functional, but only on the left side. The car's rocker-panel trim lost some of its ribs and gained black paint between those ribs that remained; wheel covers were simplified; and the fuel filler/deck emblem gained concentric circles around its crossed-flags insignia. Inside, the original color-keyed steering wheel rim was now done in simulated walnut.
A few suspension refinements were made for 1964. The front coil springs were changed from constant-rate to progressive or variable-rate and were more tightly wound at the top, while leaf thickness of the rear transverse spring was also altered thus providing a more comfortable ride with no sacrifice in handling. Shock absorbers were reworked toward the same end. The 1964 Corvette arrived with a new standard shock containing within its fluid reservoir a small bag of Freon gas that absorbed heat. Chevy added more sound insulation and revised body and transmission mounts for the 1964 Corvette. It also fitted additional bushings to quiet the shift linkage and placed a new boot around the lever. The result was a more livable car for everyday transportation.
Drivetrain choices remained basically as before but the high-performance pair received several noteworthy improvements. The solid-lifter unit was driven with a high-lift, long-duration camshaft to produce and breathed through a big four-barrel Holley carburetor instead of the base engine's Carter unit. The fuel injected engine also gained , bringing its total to , but at a then-hefty $538.00. Although transmission options remained ostensibly the same for 1964, the two Borg-Warner T-10 four-speeds gave way to a similar pair of gearboxes built at GM's Muncie, Indiana, transmission facility. Originally a Chevy design, it had an aluminum case like the Borg-Warner box but came with stronger synchronizers and wider ratios for better durability and drivability. If enthusiast publications liked the first Sting Ray, they loved the 1964, though some writers noted the convertible's tendency to rattle and shake on rough roads. Sales of the 1964 Sting Ray reached 22,229 -— another new Corvette record, if up only a little from banner-year 1963. Coupe volume dropped to 8304 units, but convertible sales more than compensated, rising to 13,925.
1965
For its third season, the 1965 Corvette Sting Ray further cleaned up style-wise and was muscled up with the addition of an all-new braking system and larger power plants.
1965 styling alterations were subtle, confined to a smoothed-out hood now devoid of scoop indentations, a trio of working vertical exhaust vents in the front fenders that replaced the previous nonfunctional horizontal "speedlines," restyled wheel covers and rocker-panel moldings, and minor interior trim revisions. The 1965 Corvette Sting Ray became ferocious with the mid-year debut of the "Big-Block" engine producing . Ultimately, this spelled the end for the Rochester fuel injection system, as the carbureted 396ci/425hp option cost $292.70 to the fuel injected 327ci/375hp's $538.00. Few buyers could justify $245 more for less, even if the FI cars offered optional bigger brakes not available on carbureted models. After only 771 fuel injected cars were built in 1965, Chevrolet discontinued the option. It would be 18 years until it returned.
1965 also added another 350 hp small block engine (Option L79) which used hydraulic rather than solid lifters, a milder camshaft and a modestly redesigned smaller oil pan. Otherwise, the 350 hp engine was cosmetically and mechanically identical to the 365 hp engine (Option L76) solid lifter engine. The smaller oil pan allowed this high output small block 350hp engine to be ordered with optional Power Steering for the first time amongst the optional stable of higher output small block engines. Power steering was previously only available with the lower 250 hp and 300 hp engines.
Four-wheel disc brakes were also introduced in 1965. The brakes had a four-piston design with two-piece calipers and cooling fins for the rotors. Pads were in frequent contact with the rotors, but the resulting drag was negligible and did not affect fuel economy. Further, the light touching kept the rotors clean and did not diminish pad life, which was, in fact, quite high: a projected for the front brakes and about twice that distance for the rear binders. Total swept area for the new system was , a notable advance on the of the previous all-drum system. Per pending federal regulation, there was also a dual master cylinder with separate fluid reservoirs (only on models with power brakes for 1965) for the front and rear lines. Road testers rightly applauded the all-disc brakes. Testers found that repeated stops from produced no deterioration in braking efficiency, and even the most sudden stops were rock-stable. The drum brakes remained available, however, as a $64.50 credit option, but only 316 of the 23,562 Corvettes built that year came with drums. A side exhaust system appeared as an option as did a telescopic steering wheel. Also available were alloy spinner rims, at US$322 a set.
1966
For the 1966 Corvette, the big-block V8 came in two forms: on 10.25:1 compression, and 425 bhp via 11:1 compression, larger intake valves, a bigger Holley four-barrel carburetor on an aluminum manifold, mechanical lifters, and four- instead of two-hole main bearing caps. Though it had no more horsepower than the previous high-compression 396, the , V8 packed a lot more torque – vs. . In the 1960s engine outputs were at times deliberately understated. This happened for two reasons; to placate nervous insurance companies, and to allow the cars to qualify for lower NHRA brackets based on horsepower and weight. Estimates of up to for the 427 have been suggested as being closer to the truth. Conversely, power ratings in the sixties were done in SAE Gross Horsepower, which is measured on an engine without accessories or air filter or restrictive stock exhaust manifold, invariably giving a significantly higher rating than the engine actually produces when installed in the automobile. SAE Net Horsepower is measured with all accessories, air filters and factory exhaust system in place; this is the standard that all US automobile engines have been rated at since 1972. With big-block V8s being the order of the day, there was less demand for the 327, so small-block offerings were cut from five to two for 1966, and only the basic 300- and 350-bhp versions were retained. Both required premium fuel on compression ratios well over 10.0:1, and they didn't have the rocket-like thrust of the 427s, but their performance was impressive all the same. As before, both could be teamed with the Powerglide automatic, the standard three-speed manual, or either four-speed option.
The 1966 model's frontal appearance was mildly altered with an eggcrate grille insert to replace the previous horizontal bars, and the coupe lost its roof-mounted extractor vents, which had proven inefficient. Corvettes also received an emblem in the corner of the hood for 1966. Head rests were a new option, one of the rarest options was the Red/Red Automatic option with power windows and air conditioning from factory which records show production numbered only 7 convertibles and 33 coupes. This relative lack of change reflected plans to bring out an all-new Corvette for 1967. It certainly did not reflect a fall-off in the car's popularity, however. In fact, 1966 would prove another record-busting year, with volume rising to 27,720 units, up some 4,200 over 1965s sales.
1967
The 1967 Corvette Sting Ray was the last Corvette of the second generation, and five years of refinements made it the best of the line. Although it was meant to be a redesign year, its intended successor the C3 was found to have some undesirable aerodynamic traits. Duntov demanded more time in the wind tunnel to devise fixes before it went into production.
Changes were again modest: Five smaller front fender vents replaced the three larger ones, and flat-finish rockers sans ribbing conferred a lower, less chunky appearance. New was a single backup light, mounted above the license plate. The previous models' wheel covers gave way to slotted six-inch Rally wheels with chrome beauty rings and lug nuts concealed behind chrome caps. Interior alterations were modest and included revised upholstery, and the handbrake moved from beneath the dash to between the seats. The convertible's optional hardtop was offered with a black vinyl cover, which was a fad among all cars at the time.
The 427 was available with a 1282 ft³/min (605 L/s) Rochester 3X2-barrel carburetors arrangement, which the factory called Tri-Power producing at 5800 rpm and at 4000 rpm of torque. The ultimate Corvette engine for 1967 was coded L88, even wilder than the L89, and was as close to a pure racing engine as Chevy had ever offered in regular production. Besides the lightweight heads and bigger ports, it came with an even hotter camshaft, stratospheric 12.5:1 compression, an aluminum radiator, small-diameter flywheel, and a single huge Holley four-barrel carburetor. Although the factory advertised L88 rating was 430 bhp at 4600 rpm, the true rating was said to be about 560 bhp at 6400 rpm. The very high compression ratio required 103-octane racing fuel, which was available only at select service stations. Clearly this was not an engine for the casual motorist. When the L88 was ordered, Chevy made several individual options mandatory, including Positraction, the transistorized ignition, heavy-duty suspension, and power brakes, as well as RPO C48, which deleted the normal radio and heater to cut down on weight and discourage the car's use on the street. As costly as it was powerful – at an additional $1,500 over the base $4,240.75 price – the L88 engine and required options were sold to a mere 20 buyers that year. With potential buyers anticipating the car's overdue redesign, sales for the Sting Ray's final year totaled 22,940, down over 5,000 units from 1966 results. Meanwhile, Chevrolet readied its third-generation Corvette for the 1968 model year.
Engines
Reviews
The Sting Ray was lauded in the automotive press almost unanimously for its handling, road adhesion, and sheer power.
Car Life magazine bestowed its annual Award for Engineering Excellence on the 1963 Sting Ray. Chevy's small-block V8 – the most consistent component of past Corvette performance – was rated by the buff books to be even better in the Sting Ray. The 1963 was noted to have an edge over past models in both traction and handling because the new independent rear suspension reduced wheel spin compared to the live-axle cars.
Motor Trend tested a four-speed fuel injected version with 3.70:1 axle. They reported a 0–60 mph in 5.8 seconds and a 14.5-second standing quarter-mile at 102 mph. The magazine also recorded better than 18 miles per gallon at legal highway speeds and 14.1 mpg overall.
Motor Trend timed a 1964 fuel-injected four-speed coupe with the 4.11:1 rear axle, aluminum knock-off wheels (perfected at last and available from the factory), the sintered-metallic brakes, and Positraction through the quarter-mile in 14.2 seconds at 100 mph and the 0 to 60 mph in 5.6 seconds.
Road & Track tested the 300-bhp Powerglide automatic setup in a 1964 coupe and recorded a 0–60 mph time of 8.0 seconds, a quarter-mile in 15.2 seconds at 85 mph, and average fuel consumption of 14.8 mpg.
In 2004, Sports Car International named the Sting Ray number five on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1960s.
Production notes
Gallery
Z06
Duntov first conceived of the Z06 in 1962. Despite GM's ongoing support of the AMA ban on factory racing involvement, Duntov knew that individual customers would continue to race Corvettes, so during the planning of the Sting Ray project he suggested that it would be a good idea to continue with parts development in order to benefit racers, and as a way of surreptitiously circumventing the racing ban. When GM management eventually withdrew their support of the ban, Duntov and his colleagues created "RPO Z06" as a special performance equipment package for the Corvette. The Regular Production Option (RPO) was a GM internal ordering code designation. The package was specifically designed for competition-minded buyers, so they could order a race-ready Corvette straight from the factory with just one check of an option box. Previously, the optional racing parts were literally hidden in the order form so that only the most knowledgeable and perceptive customers could find them. The Z06 package was first offered on the 1963 Corvette, and included:
Front anti-roll bar with a 20% larger diameter
Vacuum brake booster
Dual master cylinder
Sintered-metallic brake linings
Power-assisted Al-Fin drums cooled by front air scoops and vented backing plates
Larger diameter shocks and springs — nearly twice as stiff as those on the standard Corvette
These Corvettes came to be known as "Big Tanks" because the package initially replaced the gas tank with a tank for races such as Sebring and Daytona. At first the package was available only on coupes, as the oversized tank would not fit in the convertible, although the rest of the Z06 option package was later made available on convertibles as well.
Thus, the 1963 Corvette was technically the first Corvette that could be designated as "Z06." The only engine option on the Z06 was the L84 engine using Rochester fuel injection. With factory exhaust manifolds, required to run the cars in the SCCA production classes, Chevrolet rated the engine at . The Z06 option cost an additional $1,818.45 over the base coupe price of $4,252. Chevrolet later lowered the package price and eliminated the larger gas tank from the Z06 package, though it remained available as an add-on option for any coupe. All told, Chevrolet produced 199 of these "original" Z06s.
Grand Sport
In 1962 Duntov initiated a program to produce a lightweight version based on a prototype that mirrored the new 1963 Corvette. Concerned about Ford and the Shelby Cobra, Duntov's program included plans to build 125 examples of the Corvette Grand Sport to allow the model to be homologated for international Grand Touring races. After the GM executives learned of the secret project, the program was stopped, and only five cars were built, three coupes and two convertibles. All five cars have survived and are in private collections. They are among the most coveted and valuable Corvettes ever built, not because of what they accomplished, but because of what might have been.
The cars were driven by famed contemporary race drivers such as Roger Penske, A. J. Foyt, Jim Hall, and Dick Guldstrand among others. Dick Thompson was the first driver to win a race in the Grand Sport. He won a 1963 Sports Car Club of America race at Watkins Glen on August 24, 1963, driving Grand Sport 004.
Chassis #001 is owned by former banker and car collector Harry Yeaggy of Cincinnati, Ohio. It was purchased for $4.2 million in 2002.
Chassis 002 is a part of the permanent collection at the Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The car is in running condition, and is the only Grand Sport body which is original and unrestored. Also on display are a replica body and a spare 377 cubic inch engine, which were commissioned by the car's previous owner, Jim Jaeger, for participation in vintage racing without damaging the original components.
Chassis #003 is owned by car collector Larry Bowman. It was bought in 2004 for an undisclosed sum.
Chassis #004 is part of the Miles Collier Collection on display at The Revs Institute in Naples, Florida. This chassis was used in the Rolex Monterrey Motorsport Reunion in 2013.
Chassis #005 is in the private collection of Bill Tower of Plant City, Florida. He was a former Corvette development engineer and also owns several historically significant Corvettes in his collection.
The Corvette Grand Sports were raced with several different engines, but the most serious factory engine actually used was a 377 cubic inch displacement, all-aluminum, small block with four Weber side-draft carburetors and a cross-ram intake, rated at 6400 rpm. Body panels were made of thinner fiberglass to reduce weight and the inner body structure 'birdcage' was aluminum rather than steel. The ladder-type frame utilized large seamless steel tubular side members connected front and rear with crossmembers of about the same diameter tubes. Another crossmember was just aft of the transmission and a fourth one at the rear kick-up anchored the integral roll cage. The frame was slightly stiffer than the 1963 Corvette production frame and was lighter. A number of other lightweight components were utilized to reduce overall weight to about 800 pounds less than the production coupe. Initially the Grand Sport project was known simply as "The Lightweight".
Concept car
The 1963 Corvette Rondine (Ron-di-nay, Italian for Swallow) is a concept car based on a 1963 C2 chassis that was built for the 1963 Paris Auto Show. It was designed by Tom Tjaarda of Pininfarina. It was sold at Barrett-Jackson 2008 for 1.6 million dollars.
See also
Corvette Stingray (concept car)
Mako Shark (concept car)
Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle
Zora Arkus-Duntov
Bill Thomas Cheetah, a 1963 private-venture Shelby Cobra rival, whose drivetrain was generally sourced from the C2 Corvette
References
Notes
Bibliography
Brock, Peter Corvette Sting Ray — Genesis of an American Icon. Henderson, NV: Brock Racing Enterprises LLC, 2013. .
Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1960–1972. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2004. .
Antonick, Mike. "Corvette Black Book 1953–2000". Powell, Ohio: Michael Bruce Associates, Inc., 1999. .
Friedman, Dave and Paddock, Lowell C. Corvette Grand Sport: Photographic Race Log of the Magnificent Chevrolet Corvette Factory Specials 1962–1967. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Co., 1989. .
.
Mueller, Mike. Corvette Milestones. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Co., 1996. .
Nichols, Richard. Corvette: 1953 to the Present. London: Bison Books, 1985. .
External links
1963 Corvette - C2 Corvette history and technical development
1963 Corvette Grand Sport - Detailed history and images of the Grand Sport Corvette
1965 Corvette convertible - 1965 Corvette convertible
C2
Cars introduced in 1963
1960s cars
Cars discontinued in 1967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Corvette%20%28C2%29 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.