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Jordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, "equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father."
In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father with the support of his uncle, Ranulf. In 1078, while his father was besieging Naples with Robert Guiscard, Jordan and Robert, count of Loritello, were ravaging the Abruzzi, then papal territory. He, his father, and the duke were all excommunicated, when, suddenly, his father fell ill, retired to Capua, reconciled with the church, and died. Jordan, fearing to rule under the ban of the church, called off the siege of Naples and went to Rome to reconcile himself to Pope Gregory VII and rectify his relations with the church, of which his father had been both servant and protector. It appears that he intended to take up the position of his father vis-a-vis the papacy and to return to unfriendly relations with the duke of Apulia, for Gregory visited Capua a mere three months after Richard's death and Jordan, probably with papal prodding, began fomenting revolt in the Guiscard's lands. The revolt, the widely supported and well-organised, was ineffectual in really curbing Robert's influence and power.
One of his chief advisors was the abbot of Montecassino, Desiderius of Benevento, who mediated between the prince and the Emperor Henry IV on the latter's descent into Italy (1081). Jordan forsook his erstwhile papal ally in exchange for an imperial investiture. Though Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger marched against him, Roger was recalled to Sicily and the expedition fell apart.
In 1085, on Robert's death, Jordan supported Bohemond, the elder son, over Roger Borsa, the eldest by Sichelgaita, who was his own sister-in-law, he having married Gaitelgrima, another daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno. For the next three years, Bohemond held Apulia with the assistance of well-trained Capuan armies. In that same year, the pope died and the antipope Clement III continued to claim the papacy. In hopes of curbing the influence of Clement and united his interests with those of the papacy once again, he pressured the College of Cardinals to elect Desiderius of Montecassino as successor Gregory. At the same time, Roger Borsa freed the captured imperial prefect of Rome in opposition to the pretensions of Jordan and the Papal Curia, which had refused confirmation of Roger's archiepiscopal candidate for Salerno. The move backfired and Desiderius, under pressure from Jordan to accept, was elected pope as Victor III. With the aid of armies from Jordan and the Countess Matilda of Tuscany, Victor took the Vatican Hill from Clement on 1 July 1086. The pope remained lukewarm to his new job until Jordan suggested that only through decisive action could the good fortune of his beloved abbey of Montecassino be sustained. This led to an important synod at Benevento (1087), where Clement was excommunicated, lay investiture outlawed, and war with the Saracens of Africa declared.
The remainder of Jordan's career was not notable and he died in November 1090 or 1091 in Piperna (near Terracina) and was buried in the monastery he had long supported, Montecassino, leaving a young son named Richard who succeeded him. His other sons, Robert and Jordan, would also succeed to the Capuan throne some day, and he left one unnamed daughter.
References
William of Apulia. Books One and The Deeds of Robert Guiscard: Book Two.
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South, 1016–1130. London: Longmans, 1967.
"Giordano I." Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Mario Caravale, ed. Rome: 2003.
Notes
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1091 deaths
Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
Jordan 1
Jordan 1
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20I%20of%20Capua |
Vice Admiral Sir William Rooke Creswell, (20 July 1852 – 20 April 1933) was an Australian naval officer, commonly considered to be the 'father' of the Royal Australian Navy.
Early life and family
Creswell was born in Gibraltar, son of Edmund Creswell (head of the postal service at Gibraltar and for the Mediterranean), and Margaret Mary Ward, née Fraser. He was educated at Gibraltar and Eastman's Royal Naval Academy, Southsea.
Creswell's brother Edmund (1849–1931) played for the Royal Engineers in the first FA Cup Final in 1872. Another brother, Frederic (1866–1948) was a Labour Party politician in South Africa, who was Minister of Defence from 1924 to 1933.
Naval career
Beginning his naval career at the age of 13 as a cadet on the Royal Navy's training ship Britannia, Creswell was promoted to midshipman in 1867 and on 20 October 1871 became a sub-lieutenant.
Having already served in the Channel Fleet, Creswell was transferred to the China Station. In 1873 while serving with sub-lieutenant Abraham Lindesay on the gunboat he was shot in the hip during a skirmish with pirates from the Laroot River, Penang Malaya but remained at his post. His bravery won him promotion to lieutenant but his wound meant returning to England to recuperate. Creswell's next seagoing appointment, to the East India Station, was followed by a period in Zanzibar, where he commanded a flotilla involved in suppressing the slave trade. Illness, however, again forced his return to England.
Creswell retired from the Royal Navy in 1878 and, seeking to become a pastoralist, he emigrated to Australia in 1879. A stint in the Northern Territory, however, convinced Creswell that he was ill-suited to outback life. During a visit to Adelaide in 1885 he met a former naval colleague and was convinced to take up an appointment as First Lieutenant on South Australia's only naval vessel, HMCS Protector, a posting he very much enjoyed.
As part of the 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours Creswell was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG).
Creswell soon began agitating for the establishment of an Australian naval force to supplement the Royal Navy squadron based in Sydney. In mid-1895, he reached the rank of captain; by 1899, he was arguing strongly for an Australian navy. On 1 May 1900, he was appointed Commandant of the Queensland Maritime Defence Force, but was soon released to command Protector on its deployment to China to assist in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion.
After Federation, Creswell's lobbying for an Australian navy gained momentum. He was regarded by many as Australia's chief spokesman on naval matters, hence his appointment in February 1904 to the new position of Naval Officer Commanding the Commonwealth Naval Forces (the amalgamation of the various colonial navies). He had retained his position in Queensland and accepted the role of Naval Commandant in Victoria but his energies were primarily focused on the national navy.
Alarmed at Germany's growing naval might by 1909, Australia's admiralty sought to dramatically increase Australia's naval strength. In company with Colonel Justin F. G. Foxton, Creswell attended the Imperial Conference, which resulted in the Naval Defence Act of 1910 being passed which created the Australian navy. In 1911, Creswell was promoted to rear admiral in the service of the Royal Australian Navy. As part of the 1911 Coronation Honours, the King knighted him as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG).
The fact that Australia's navy was ready for service when the First World War began was largely the result of Creswell's hard work and lobbying. During the war he was involved as an administrator in ship construction, the development of shore support, and the arranging of convoys. After the war he worked on developing a defence program for Australia, focussing mainly on ensuring the continued strengthening of the RAN.
Late life and legacy
Considered the father of the RAN, Creswell retired in 1919 and took up farming in Victoria; in the same year he was awarded a second knighthood as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE). On 8 March 1920 he was awarded the Gold and Silver Star of the Order of the Rising Sun (Second class of the order) by Emperor Taishō of the Empire of Japan. He was promoted to Vice Admiral in 1922. He died on 20 April 1933 and was survived by his wife Adelaide Elizabeth née Stow (daughter of Justice Randolph Stow) two sons and a daughter.
Two sons were killed during the First World War. Captain Randolph William Creswell (1890–1917) served in the 3rd Anzac Camel Battalion, AIF and was killed in action on 6 November 1917 at Tel el Khuweifle, Palestine. He is buried at Beersheba War Cemetery. His twin brother, Lieutenant Edmund Lindsay Creswell was wounded at Bullecourt, but survived the war. Lieutenant Colin Fraser Creswell (1894–1917) was lost in the sinking of submarine E47 off the Dutch coast on 20 August 1917. His oldest daughter, Margaret, took her own life in 1913 at the age of 21.
In 1965, his memoir "Close To The Wind; The early memoirs (1866-1879) of Admiral Sir William Creswell" was published posthumously, his surviving daughter, Noël Vigne, having found the manuscript.
Creswell has been honoured with the naming of the naval base, , the site of the Royal Australian Naval College at Jervis Bay.
See also
John Turner (naval officer)
Chapman James Clare
References
Sources
Robert Hyslop, 'Creswell, Sir William Rooke (1852–1933)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 8, MUP, 1981, pp 145–147.
External links
Sir William Rooke Creswell, Gravesite at the Brighton General Cemetery (Victoria)
|-
1852 births
1933 deaths
19th-century Gibraltarian people
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian military personnel of World War I
Colony of South Australia people
Expatriates in the Sultanate of Zanzibar
Military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion
People educated at Eastman's Royal Naval Academy
Royal Australian Navy admirals
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Gibraltarian military personnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Creswell |
The Medicine Lodge River is a tributary of the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma in the United States. Via the Salt Fork and Arkansas rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.
Name
The Medicine Lodge River got its name from a large hut built by the Kiowa Indians, who believed the water from the river had healing properties if ingested or inhaled in a sauna type room.
The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Medicine Lodge River" as the stream's name in 1968. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "A-ya-dalda-pa River," "Medicine Lodge Creek" and "Medicine River."
Geography
The river rises in Kiowa County, Kansas and flows generally southeastwardly through Barber County in Kansas and Alfalfa County in Oklahoma, past the Kansas towns of Belvidere, Sun City and Medicine Lodge.
It joins the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma, about north-northeast of Cherokee.
See also
List of Kansas rivers
List of Oklahoma rivers
Medicine Lodge, Kansas
References
Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
DeLorme (2003). Kansas Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. .
DeLorme (2003). Oklahoma Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. .
Rivers of Kansas
Rivers of Oklahoma
Rivers of Alfalfa County, Oklahoma
Rivers of Barber County, Kansas
Rivers of Kiowa County, Kansas
Tributaries of the Arkansas River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine%20Lodge%20River |
The bridle path is a shaved or clipped section of the mane, beginning behind the ears of a horse at the poll, delineating the area where the crownpiece of the bridle lies. Bridle paths are a common style of grooming in the United States, but are not seen as often in Europe.
Grooming
A bridle path is usually clipped or shaved in the mane for competition in certain disciplines, and this may be done on ordinary riding horses as well. A bridle path allows the bridle or halter to lie flat on the head of the horse, which may be more comfortable. It also is thought to give the horse the appearance of a slimmer throatlatch, a generally desirable conformation trait.
If the bridle path is cut too far, it can take up to 6 months for the mane to grow back to a length that allows it to lie over neatly, and as long as a year to reach its fullest possible natural length. Grooms usually start clipping the bridle path by working from the desired end of the bridle path towards the ears, as clipping from the ears backwards may result in a longer bridle path than desired.
Bridle path length
The length of the bridle path often varies between the equestrian disciplines and breeds. Bridle paths are common in the United States, less so in Europe. In the USA< the following standards are common:
The Hunter-type English riding disciplines, including dressage, show jumping, eventing, and hunt seat equitation, prefer a short bridle path of 1-2 inches. This length is also appropriate for certain breeds, including Thoroughbreds and Warmbloods.
Saddle seat and fine harness horses are shown with a longer bridle path of at least 8 inches. It is usually appropriate for use on breeds associated with these disciplines, even when certain individual animals are shown in-hand or under saddle in other disciplines. Breeds clipped to a "Saddle type" style include American Saddlebreds, Tennessee Walking Horses, National Show Horses, Arabians, and Morgans.
The Western riding disciplines, including the western performance disciplines such as reining and western pleasure, generally cut a bridle path that is as long as the length of the horse's ear when laid flat back against the mane, generally no more than 6 to 8 inches. Stock horse breeds, including Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, and Appaloosas, use this style of cut.
Andalusians generally never have a bridle path longer than 1 inch.
Peruvian Pasos are sometimes prohibited to have a bridle path by certain show organizations.
Icelandic horses generally do not have a bridle path clipped.
References
Harris, Susan E. (1991) Grooming To Win: How to Groom, Trim, Braid and Prepare Your Horse for Show. Howell Book House; 2nd edition. ,
Horse management | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridle%20path%20%28horse%29 |
The Flemish bend, also known as a figure eight bend, a rewoven figure eight is a knot for joining two ropes of roughly similar size.
A loose figure-eight knot is tied in the end of one rope. The second rope is now threaded backwards parallel to the first rope. When properly dressed, the two strands do not cross each other.
Although fairly secure, it is susceptible to jamming. If tied, dressed and stressed properly it does not need "stopper" or "safety" knots.
See also
List of bend knots
List of knots
References
External links
Flemish, or double figure eight, bend animated video by Marinews
Double knots
de:Doppelter Achtknoten | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish%20bend |
Bangladesh Shishu Academy () is the national academy for children in Bangladesh. It was established in 1976 for promoting cultural development of children, and nurturing their talents.
List of Chairpersons
Zobeda Khanum
Zubaida Gulshan Ara
Sheikh Abdul Ahad
Selina Hossain (23 April 2014 – )
Lucky Enam (25 September 2019 – present)
Shishu Academy Award
Agrani Bank Shishu Academy Children's Literature Award
Bangladesh Shishu Academy Award for Literature. The academy adorns one Bangladeshi litterateur with the award for his/her overall contribution in the field of juvenile literature. The award was introduced in 1396 BS (1989 Gregorian). A poet or a litterateur is entitled to this award once during his lifetime. No provision is made for giving the award posthumously. The awardee is entitled to an amount of taka twenty five thousand in cash, one crest and a certificate of honour.
Agrani Bank Award for Juvenile Literature is given to an individual for outstanding juvenile book or illustration in a particular year. It was given in four major branches such as: Chhora, Kobita o Gan (Rhyme, poetry and song), Angkan (Illustration), Galpo, Uponnash, Rupkatha (Short story, novel and fairy tale), and Shyastho, Biggyan o Projukti (Health, science and technology). Before introducing Bangladesh Shishu Academy Award in 1396 BS, this was the major national award for children's literature.
See also
Culture of Bangladesh
Bangla Academy
National Child Award
References
External links
Bangladesh Shishu Academy Official website
Article on Shishu Academy, Banglapedia
Civil awards and decorations of Bangladesh
Cultural organisations based in Bangladesh
1976 establishments in Bangladesh
Government agencies of Bangladesh
Bangladeshi children | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%20Shishu%20Academy |
Erich Theodore Barnes ( ; July 4, 1935 – April 29, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers (1956–1958), where he was a two-way player. In the NFL, he was a six-time Pro Bowler and a four-time All-Pro selection, including first-team honors in 1961.
Early life
Barnes was born in Elkhart, Indiana, on July 4, 1935. His father, Sylvester, worked as a real estate investor; his mother, Lura, was a housewife. He attended Elkhart Central High School in his hometown. He then studied at Purdue University, where he played offensive and defensive halfback, left end, and cornerback for the Purdue Boilermakers. He registered 257 rushing yards on 62 carries, 319 yards on 20 receptions, 136 yards on seven kickoff returns, and 86 return yards off of his five interceptions during his time with the Boilermakers. He was one of the favorite receiving targets of Len Dawson, a future Pro Football Hall of Famer, but cornerback was his best position. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the fourth round (42nd overall selection) of the 1958 NFL Draft.
Career
Barnes made his NFL debut with the Bears on October 12, 1958, at the age of 23, in a 28–6 win over the San Francisco 49ers. He was later traded to the New York Giants in 1961. In his first season with New York, he intercepted a pass against the Dallas Cowboys and returned it 102 yards for a touchdown, setting a Giants' record and tying the then-NFL record for the longest interception return. He also earned NFL first-team honors that year. The Giants went on to face the Green Bay Packers in the 1962 NFL Championship Game, having lost 37–0 to the same team in the previous year's title game. They lost again to Lombardi's Packers on a fiercely windy and cold day in Yankee Stadium. Barnes set up the only scoring for the Giants when he blocked a punt recovered by teammate Jim Collier in the end zone in a 16–7 loss.
After the 1964 season, the Giants traded him to the Cleveland Browns – his favorite team as a child – for linebacker Mike Lucci and a 1966 third round draft pick which the Giants then traded to Detroit for quarterback Earl Morrall. This trade further aggravated the demise of a once stellar Giants defense that had already lost standouts Sam Huff and Dick Modzelewski, who was also traded to the Browns and an integral component of their 1964 NFL championship team after the 1963 season. During his time with the Browns, Barnes was known for standing at the goalpost (then stationed at the goal line) and blocking field goal attempts. This practice was later outlawed in the NFL. He ended his career with 45 interceptions, returning seven for touchdowns. During his NFL career, he was selected to the Pro Bowl six times and was an All-Pro selection four times.
Legacy
Barnes was known as an aggressive, physical player. In 2012, the Cleveland Plain Dealers Mike Pettica ranked him as the No. 63 player in Browns' history (counting only what players did playing for Cleveland).
The Professional Football Researchers Association named Barnes to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2013.
Barnes was elected to the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1986, and the Purdue University Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 2009.
Later years
After retiring from professional football in 1971, Barnes went on to work in the New York City area as a corporate special events planner.
Personal life and death
Barnes married Violet Ward; the couple remained together until his death. Erich had four children: Monice, Charissa, Djuna, and Tessa. In 1963, he appeared as one of the impostors on the panel game show To Tell the Truth, claiming to be a sentinel at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Barnes died on April 29, 2022, at a hospital near Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, aged 86, following an unspecified lengthy illness.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
American football defensive backs
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball players
Chicago Bears players
New York Giants players
Cleveland Browns players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Sportspeople from Elkhart, Indiana
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich%20Barnes |
Huntington Lake is a reservoir in Fresno County, California on Big Creek, located in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of . The lake receives water from Southern California Edison's Big Creek Hydroelectric Project, as well as the many streams that flow into the lake. Some water leaving the lake flows to Big Creek, while some is diverted to nearby Shaver Lake. The lake is home to a variety of recreational activities, including camping, horse-back riding, skiing, sailing, fishing and more. It is drained and refilled through the Big Creek dam system each year, with winter water levels often dipping below 50 percent of the lake's capacity.
History
Construction
Huntington Lake was constructed in 1912 as a part of the enormous Big Creek Hydroelectric Project envisioned by John S. Eastwood to provide power for a growing California. The lake was named for Henry Edwards Huntington, the railroad magnate who financed the earliest work to develop the Big Creek project which includes a system of lakes, tunnels, steel penstocks and power houses.
Four dams form the lake, which has a capacity of and a surface area of . There were originally three dams, completed in 1913, but a fourth dam, completed in 1919, was built to increase the lake's capacity. The other three dams were raised and covered with concrete.
State Route 168 passes along the east shore of the lake where China Peak, a ski resort, is located.
On December 6, 1943, a B-24 bomber with six men aboard crashed into Huntington Lake. The crew had taken off from nearby Hammer Field in Fresno, California to search for a second B-24 which had disappeared a day earlier during a night training flight. Two members of the original eight man crew, a radio operator and the co-pilot, bailed out of the troubled plane and survived. Some have speculated that the pilot may have mistaken the lake for a sierra meadow and tried to make an emergency landing during a snow storm. The wreckage of the plane, and the remains of its crew were discovered by a survey team in August 1955, when the lake had been drained for dam repairs. The original B-24 they had been searching for was discovered in July 1960 in Hester Lake, a small body of water in a remote area not far from Huntington. Neither plane has been recovered.
Impact of the 2012–2013 North American drought
Water levels in the lake began falling during the 2012–2013 North American drought. By July, 2014, the lake was at a third of its normal level, and the High Sierra Regatta was canceled for the first time in 60 years.
Recreation
Water levels and weather drastically change at the lake between summer and winter – while nearly uninhabitable in the winter, it is a popular recreation location in the summer.
Sailing
Due to Huntington Lake being 5 miles long, and having steady winds of about 15MPH, it is a perfect location for sailing. Many regattas have been held there, including the North American Sailing Championships. Additionally, Huntington Lake is the site of the High Sierra Regatta, an annual sailing event organized by the Fresno Yacht Club.
Fishing
Anglers catch brown and rainbow trout, as well as kokanne salmon, on the lake and surrounding streams. Regulations limit the amount of fish allowed to be taken from the lake – fishers can catch and keep five fish a day, and are only allowed 10 total in possession.
Camping
There are nine campgrounds in the surrounding Huntington Lake Recreation Area – Badger Flat Campground, Billy Creek Lower Campground, Billy Creek Upper Campground, Catavee Campground, College Campground, Deer Creek Campground, Kinnikinnick Campground, Rancheria Campground, and West Kaiser Campground. West Kaiser is a first come first served site, while reservations must be made for the other eight campgrounds.
Horse-back riding
D&F Pack Station, which offers horse-back riding trips into the Sierra Wilderness, operates on the lake. The outfit runs both quick, day trips as well as multi-day wilderness pack trips.
Snow Skiing
With snow levels often rising to over 50 inches in the winter, China Peak, located above the eastern shore of the lake, is a popular ski resort in colder months. The resort has a vertical gain of 1,679, with its peak at just over an elevation of 8,700 feet. There are seven chairlifts and over 40 ski runs.
Boy Scouts
Due to its relative accessibility and semi-remote terrain, Huntington Lake is the location of many Boy Scout Camps, including Boy Scout Camp Kern, operated by the Southern Sierra Council headquartered in Bakersfield, CA. Additionally, Huntington Lake houses Camp Oljato, operated by Pacific Skyline Council (PacSky), along with a variety of other Scouting facilities.
The former Camp Mirimichi, a Boy Scout facility operated by Sequoia Council, lies at the southern eastern shore of Huntington Lake as well.
Housing
Cabins, condominiums and vacation rentals make up the real estate on the lake. There are 420 privately owned cabins – each cabin owner pays an annual fee to the United States Forest Service for a "special use permit" to use their cabin and surrounding property, as they are all built on USFS lands. Many are inaccessible in the winter except by snowmobile, while a few have their tracts plowed to the cabins.
Map
See also
Lake Thomas A Edison
List of dams and reservoirs in California
List of lakes in California
References
External links
Sierra National Forest: Huntington Lake
Huntington Lake Big Creek Historical Conservancy
California Dams Database
Reservoirs in Fresno County, California
Lakes of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Sierra National Forest
Reservoirs in California
Reservoirs in Northern California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington%20Lake |
The Battle of Åland Islands, or the Battle of Gotland, which occurred in July 1915, was a naval battle of World War I between the German Empire and the Russian Empire, assisted by a submarine of the British Baltic Flotilla. It took place in the Baltic Sea off the shores of Gotland, Sweden, a country neutral in World War I.
The battle
On , a squadron consisting of the armoured cruisers , , , , and , under Rear Admiral Mikhail Bakhirev in Oleg left their harbours in order to bombard Klaipeda (Memel). While sailing through thick fog Rurik and Novik separated from the main group and later acted independently.
On the same day the German mine-laying cruiser , screened by the armoured cruiser , the light cruisers and , and seven destroyers, under Kommodore Johannes von Karpf, was laying mines off the Åland Islands. After completing his mission, Karpf reported back through the radio. Karpf's message was intercepted and decoded. When Bakhirev became aware of the German squadron's whereabouts, the bombardment of Klaipeda was canceled. The squadron then focused on intercepting the German minelayers with the constant assistance of the naval staff.
In the early morning of , the Russian squadron spotted and immediately opened fire on Augsburg, Albatross and three torpedo boats. Karpf commanded Roon and Lübeck, which at the time were heading towards Liepāja (Libau), to return to Gotland. At the same time he ordered Albatross to find shelter in Swedish territorial waters. Bogatyr and Oleg managed to catch up with Albatross and opened fire. The flaming Albatross ran aground near Östergarn. Bayan, Oleg and Rurik then attempted to return to their base. A couple of hours later they encountered Roon and Lübeck. A short artillery duel followed. A shortage of shells forced the Russian cruisers to retreat. Fearing a possible arrival of enemy reinforcements the damaged German ships also retreated.
As the German armoured cruisers and sailed to reinforce the German squadron, Prinz Adalbert was torpedoed by the British submarine and limped to shore.
Legacy
The battle is regarded as the first instance of Russian signals intelligence.
Notes
References
External links
The History of the Russian Navy: The Great War
Russian Navy on the eve of and during World War I and the Civil War
Action of 19 June 1915
Action of 19 June 1915
Naval battles of World War I involving Russia
Naval battles of World War I involving Germany
Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
Gotland
July 1915 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20%C3%85land%20Islands |
The football competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics featured 16 national sides from the six continental confederations. The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at Camp Nou on 8 August 1992.
For the first time, an age limit has been set for participants under the age of 23 (Under-23), which has been used ever since.
Spain became the first host country to win the gold medal in an Olympic football tournament since Belgium in 1920, an achievement which would not be repeated again until Brazil won it in 2016. As of 2023, Spain is still the last European side that won the gold medal at men's football event in the Summer Olympics.
Notably, these were the first matches played with football's new back-pass rule and was the last Olympic football competition which was open to men only before the introduction of a women’s tournament four years later.
Competition schedule
Source:
Qualification
The following 16 teams qualified for the 1992 Olympic men's football tournament:
Venues
Match officials
Africa
Mohamed Sendid
Lim Kee Chong
Asia
Kiichiro Tachi
Ali Bujsaim
South America
Márcio Rezende de Freitas
José Torres Cadena
Juan Francisco Escobar
North and Central America
Arturo Brizio Carter
Arturo Angeles
Europe
Lube Spassov
Philip Don
Markus Merk
Fabio Baldas
Manuel Díaz Vega
Squads
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Bronze medal match
Gold medal match
Medal winners
Gold medalists –
José Amavisca Rafael Berges Santiago Cañizares Abelardo Albert Ferrer Pep Guardiola Miguel Hernández Toni Jiménez Mikel Lasa Juanma López Javier Manjarín Luis Enrique Kiko Alfonso Pérez Antonio Pinilla Paco Soler Gabriel Vidal Roberto Solozábal David Villabona Paqui
Coach: Vicente Miera
Silver medalists –
Dariusz Adamczuk Marek Bajor Jerzy Brzęczek Marek Koźmiński Dariusz Gęsior Marcin Jałocha Tomasz Łapiński Tomasz Wałdoch Aleksander Kłak Andrzej Kobylański Ryszard Staniek Wojciech Kowalczyk Andrzej Juskowiak Grzegorz Mielcarski Piotr Świerczewski Mirosław Waligóra Dariusz Koseła Arkadiusz Onyszko Dariusz Szubert Tomasz Wieszczycki
Coach: Janusz Wójcik
Bronze medalists –
Joachim Yaw Acheampong Simon Addo Sammi Adjei Maxwell Konadu Mamood Amadu Isaac Asare Frank Amankwah Nii Lamptey Bernard Aryee Kwame Ayew Mohammed Gargo Mohammed Kalilu Ibrahim Dossey Samuel Kuffour Samuel Kumah Anthony Mensah Alex Nyarko Yaw Preko Shamo Quaye Oli Rahman
Coach: Sam Arday
Goalscorers
With seven goals, Poland's Andrzej Juskowiak was the top scorer of the tournament. In total, 87 goals were scored by 57 different players, with two of them credited as own goals.
7 goals
Andrzej Juskowiak
6 goals
Kwame Ayew
5 goals
Kiko
4 goals
Wojciech Kowalczyk
2 goals
Tony Vidmar
John Markovski
Hernán Gaviria
Hady Khashaba
Alessandro Melli
Francisco Rotllán
Ryszard Staniek
Abelardo
Rafael Berges
Jonny Rödlund
Tomas Brolin
Steve Snow
1 goal
Carl Veart
Damian Mori
Shaun Murphy
Zlatko Arambasic
Víctor Aristizábal
Víctor Pacheco
Claus Thomsen
Ibrahim El-Masry
Mohamed Youssef
Isaac Asare
Mohammed Gargo
Oli Rahman
Demetrio Albertini
Jung Jae-kwon
Seo Jung-won
Ali Marwi
Jorge Castañeda
Ahmed Bahja
Noureddine Naybet
Carlos Gamarra
Francisco Arce
Jorge Campos
Mauro Caballero
Grzegorz Mielcarski
Marcin Jałocha
Marek Koźmiński
Mahmoud Soufi
Mubarak Mustafa
Alfonso Pérez
Paco Soler
Pep Guardiola
Luis Enrique
Roberto Solozábal
Håkan Mild
Patrik Andersson
Dario Brose
Erik Imler
Joe-Max Moore
Manuel Lagos
Own goals
Shaun Murphy (playing against Poland)
Joachim Yaw Acheampong (playing against Paraguay)
Final ranking
References
External links
Olympic Football Tournament Barcelona 1992, FIFA.com
RSSSF Summary
FIFA Technical Report (Part 1), (Part 2), (Part 3) and (Part 4)
1992 Summer Olympics events
1992
1992
Football in Barcelona
Olympics
1992
oly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Olympics |
Brandon Joel Tyler (born April 30, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player.
College career
Tyler, a 6' 1" (185 cm) point guard, attended DePaul University for his freshman year and the University of Texas at Austin for his final three college years.
Professional career
Philadelphia 76ers (1994–1995)
Tyler was taken twentieth overall in the 1994 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. He played 55 games for them in 1994-95, averaging 3.5 points and 3.2 assists per game.
Prior to the 1995-96 NBA season, Tyler was selected by the Toronto Raptors in the 1995 expansion draft. According to journalist Chris Young's book Drive, Tyler accidentally fell asleep with a pack of ice on his ankle, causing severe nerve damage. Robbed of the speed that his game was based on, he was subsequently forced to retire.
Career statistics
NBA
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|1994-95
| style="text-align:left;"|Philadelphia
| 55 || 8 || 14.7 || .381 || .314 || .700 || 1.1 || 3.2 || .7 || .0 || 3.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 55 || 8 || 14.7 || .381 || .314 || .700 || 1.1 || 3.2 || .7 || .0 || 3.5
Notes
External links
College & NBA stats @ basketballreference.com
1971 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Texas
DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball players
Philadelphia 76ers draft picks
Philadelphia 76ers players
Point guards
Sportspeople from Galveston, Texas
Texas Longhorns men's basketball players
Toronto Raptors expansion draft picks
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20J.%20Tyler |
Biagio Marin (1891–1985) was a Venetian poet, best known for his poems in the Venetian language,. In his writings he never obeyed rhetoric or poetics. He only employed a few hundred words for his poems.
Early life
Biagio Marin was born on 29 June 1891 in the coastal town of Grado, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian county of Gorizia and Gradisca. His family was a middle-class family of modest origins, his father, Antonio Raugna, was an innkeeper. His mother Maria Raugna died early in his life, and he was then raised by his paternal grandmother.
In his youth he was an irredentist. He was sent to the gymnasium in Görz, where his education was in German, there he started to write literary texts in German. After Görz he went to study in Venice, and Florence. In Florence he met the writers Scipio Slataper, Giani Stuparich, Carlo Stuparich, Umberto Saba and Virgilio Giotti. He started to write for the magazine Voce (Voice),which was then the most famous Italian magazine of its time. There he began to write his first poems in the Venetian-Friulian dialect. In 1912 he began to study in Vienna. There he read Russian and Scandinavian authors and met the Austrian educator Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster, who had great influence upon his subsequent choices of study and work. He published the book "Fiuri de tapo", which is the first serious poetry book in the Venetian-Friulian dialect. During his studies in Vienna, there was an Italian student demonstration in favor of the Italian University in Triest, where he was sent as the spokesman for the demonstrators to the dean. In the conversation with the dean he declared that he wished for Austria's defeat in the war. After two years in Vienna he returned to Florence. He participated in debates with his friends Umberto Saba and Scipio Slataper in the Cafe Aragno about the war, and if artists should go to war.
World War One
In 1914 he is sent to Maribor as a soldier for the 47th Infantry Regiment. He deserted to Italy and was already infected with tuberculosis, but still he fought as a soldier in the Italian army against the Austrian troops.
He graduated in philosophy under Bernardino Varisco, the fascistic philosopher Giovanni Gentile whose idealistic doctrine had already exerted a profound influence on him, was the chairman of the committee. Varisco offered his pupil a place at the University. But Marin was eager to run to the front. Arriving in Stra nel Veneto he suffered from a relapse. When an Italian captain treated him boorishly, he protested with the words "Wir Österreicher sind an einen anderen Stil gewöhnt" "Captain, you are a villain; we Austrians are accustomed to different manners"
World War Two
In the 1940s he wrote in his diaries that he believed that only the Nazis could bring order to Europe. Hearing about the Concentration Camp Risiera di San Sabba shocked and depressed him.
In 1945 he involved himself in the Liberal part of the Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale On 27 April 1945 he was asked if he could preside on the Committee for the Liberation of Trieste, and becomes its president.
Career
Marin landed a position as Professor at the Scuola Magistrale in Görz, but had to leave following a dispute about his teaching method with the clergy at the school. He used the Gospel as a teaching text. Next he was employed as a school inspector in the mandate of Gradisca d'Isonzo. From 1923 until 1937 he worked as the director of the tourism agency in Grado and as a librarian. Subsequently, he worked as a teacher of history, philosophy and literature in Triest euntil 1941. His next vocation was to be the librarian of the Assicurazioni Generali in Trieste.
Late life
In 1968 he moved back to Grado, where he resided in a house at the beach. His eyesight deteriorated, and for the rest of his life he was nearly blind and deaf
After his death his private library was moved to the Biblioteca Civica in Grado.
Private life
In 1914 he married Pina Marini with whom he had four children, including Gioiella and Falco.
He knew the family of Art-deco artist and designer Josef Maria Auchentaller, so well that he wrote about an affair Emma Auchentaller had when the couple visited Grado.
His son Falco Marin was a poet and essayist, who died during World War Two in a fight against the Yugoslav partisans in the Province of Ljubljana, Slovenia on 25 July 1943. Shortly before he had joined an anti-fascistic group. In 1977 his nephew Guy committed suicide, and a year later his wife Pina Marini died.
The writer Claudio Magris considered himself to have been one of Biagio Marin's best friends. He also said that Marin was both brother and father to him. Immediately after the death of his friend, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Marin composed a Cycle of poems called "El critoleo del corpo fracasao" about him.
Work
Marin's poems, written in the Venetian language, are about the daily life and simple landscapes of his native land. He used the "lingua franca" that the merchants of the city used for his writings. He was influenced by Friedrich Hölderlin and Heinrich Heine. Religious thematics sometimes occur in his work. Andrea Zanzotto and Pier Paolo Pasolini had some difficulties with the existence of religious thematics in Marin's work.
In 1970, the poet decided to publish all the poems written at that time in one volume, which, apropos to his sentimental attachment to his land, was titled "Songs from the Island." His output in the 1970s gained him the attention of Italian audiences. He was now obligated to write in Italian, so that everybody in Italian could understand him. Despite this he only wrote one book in Italian called "Acquamarina" in 1973.
In 1985 he said that publishers where reluctant to publish even a selection of his poetry.
Influence
Marin's book "Nel silenzio più teso" is in the Unesco Collection of representative works. He was one of the Founders of the Circolo della Cultura e delle Arti. He was active for many years as president of the "Circolo di cultura italo-austriaco" in Trieste, and he was among the first leaders of the "Incontri Culturali Mitteleuropei" in Gorizia.
For Pier Paolo Pasolini, Marin's poems where the greatest Italian verses written in a contemporary dialect.
Luigi Dallapiccola´s first work was named after the first book by Marin, Fiuri de tapo. It used Poems by Marin.
Peter Handke cites a poem of Marin's in his book "Gestern unterwegs"
In 1983 a research center was created, which has its headquarters in the Public Library "Falco Marin". A National Prize called "POESIA IN DIALETTO" is awarded each year to a writer of dialect poetry by the center, the prize taking its name from Marin. The center also awards thesis works regarding Marin.
Bibliography
Poems
1912 - Fiuri de tapo, Gorizia, republished 1999
1922 - La girlanda de gno suore, Gorizia, republished 2008
1927 - Canzone piccole, Udine,
1949 - Le litànie de la madona republished 2007
1951 - I canti de l'Isola, Udine,
1953 - Sénere colde, Rome,
1957 - Trìstessa de la sera, Verona,
1958 - L'estadela de S. Martin, Caltanissetta,
1959 - El fogo del ponente, Venice,
1961 - Solitàe, a cura di P.P. Pasolini, Milan,
1961 - I mesi dell'anno, Triest,
1962 - 12 poesie, Milan,
1963 - Elegìe istriane, Milan,
1964 - Il non tempo del mare, 1912–1962, Milan
1965 - Dopo la longa ìstae, Milan,
1965 - Elogio delle conchiglie, Milan,
1966 - La poesia è un dono, Milan,
1967 - E! mar de l'eterno, Milan,
1969 - Quanto più moro, Milao,
1969 - La vose de le scusse, Milan,
1969 - El picolo nio, Gorizia,
1970 - La vita xe fiama. Poesie 1963-1969, Turin,
1970 - I canti de l'Isola, 1912–1969, Triest,
1970 - Le litanie de la Madona, Grado,
1970 - La vita xe fiama: Poesie 1963-1969, Edited by Claudio Magris, Preface by Pier Paolo Pasolini
1971 - Friuli, Venezia, Giulia,
1973 - Aquamarina
1974 - El vento de l'Eterno se fa teso, Milan,
1974 - A sol calao, Milan,
1976 - El crìtoleo del corpo fracasao, Milan,
1976 - Pan de pura farina,
1977 - Stele cagiùe, Milan,
1978 - In memoria, Milan,
1980 - Nel silenzio più teso, Milan, edited by Biagio Marin and Claudio Magris
1981 - Poesie, Edited by Claudio Magris and Edda Serra
1982 - La vita xe fiama e altri versi, 1978–1981, edited by Biagio Marin and Claudio Magris
1982 - E anche il vento tase, Genova,
1982 - La girlanda de gno suore,
1985 - La vose de la sera, Milan,
2005 - La pace lontana: diari 1941-1950
2007 - Le due rive: reportages adriatici in prosa e in versi
2007 - Authoritratti e impegno civile: scritti rari e inediti dell'archivio Marin della Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Gorizia : Biagio Marin
Prose
1955 - Grado l'isola d'oro, Grado,
1956 - Gorizìa la città mutilata, Gorìzia,
1965 - I delfini - Slataper, Milan,
1967 - Strade e rive di Trieste, Milan,
Other
1962 - Ricordo di Carlo Michelstaedter in: Studi Goriziani No. XXXII [1962]: page. 4f
About his work
Bertazzolo Nicola, 2010 - "La Vita E Ll Opere Di"
Erbani Francis, 2005 - The Republic 23 September 2005
Dante Maffia, 2001 - "BIAGIO MARIN"
Pericle Camuffo, 2000 - Biagio Marin, la poesia, i filosofi
1997 - Poesia italiana del Novecento, by Ermanno Krumm and Tiziano Rossi
1996 - Leggere poesia, Atti del Convegno
Anna De Simone (ed.), 1992 - L’isola Marin
Giuseppe Radole, 1991 - I musicisti e la poesia di Biagio Marin
E. Serra (ed.), 1981 - "Poesia e fortuna di Biagio Marin"
1980 - "Il silenzio di Marin" in Nuova Rivista Europea
A. Zanzotto, 1977 - "Poesia che ascolta le onde" in Corriere della sera
L. Borsetto, 1974 - "La poetica di Biagio Marin" in La rassegna della letteratura italiana
C. Marabini, 1973 - "La ciave e il cerchio"
E. Guagnini (ed.), 1973 - "El vento de l'eterno se fa teso"
Prizes
1964 - Bagutta Prize
Footnotes
External links
A letter of Biaggio from 19 January 1984
Some poems in both Venetian and in English translation
Homepage of the Centro Studi Biagio Marin (in Italian)
1891 births
1985 deaths
People from Grado, Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Italian male poets
20th-century Italian poets
20th-century Italian male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biagio%20Marin |
Variations on the Death of Trotsky is a short one-act comedy-drama written by David Ives for the series of one-act plays titled All in the Timing. The play fictionalizes the death of Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky through a number of distinct variations, though all from the same, historically accurate cause: a wound to the head by an ice axe—referred to in the play as a "mountain-climber's axe", for comic effect, to distinguish it from an icepick.
Overview
While keeping with the tradition and style of Ives's plays of taking an odd conceit and playing it for laughs as the audience finds its feet before giving the big payoff, Variations is distinguished, along with Words, Words, Words and Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread in that, while it begins comically, it may end either comically or dramatically, depending on the production. It is unique in that, of all of his works, it calls the most for an unexpectedly tragic, sentimental ending. Arguably, it is also Ives' only piece centered around a single character (while Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread could be similarly considered, in fact the majority of that play is an ensemble piece).
Synopsis
The play is divided into eight scenes or "variations", each depicting a differing final moment of Trotsky's life and making satirical allusions to soap opera conventions, The Honeymooners, and Act 5, Scene 1 from Hamlet. True to its title, the play calls for Trotsky to die at the end of each scene, and then continues on (after the ring of a bell) from near where the last scene left off, usually progressing the story a bit further each time. Since the play takes place on the day of Trotsky's death (one day after the attack) Trotsky is depicted throughout the show with a mountain-climber's axe sticking comically out of his skull (not an icepick, as is made clear a number of times). Though this is apparent to the audience from the very beginning, Trotsky himself does not realize that the axe is there until his wife, known only as Mrs. Trotsky, comes in with an encyclopedia from the future which tells of Trotsky's demise. The third and final character is introduced near the end of the play: Ramon Mercader, the Spanish assassin who "smashed, not buried" the axe into Trotsky's skull. Trotsky has a deep fear of icepicks, and is taken aback when he finds that his fear should have been directed towards mountain-climber axes.
After seven essentially comedic variations, the eighth involves Trotsky seeing Mercader out of the house in a civil manner, with Ramon—having posed as a gardener—revealing that he actually did perform some gardening on Trotsky's property and requesting that Trotsky go outside to admire his nasturtiums. Trotsky then comes to grips with the facts of his impending demise, settling affairs with his wife, pondering the nature of man and humanity ("So even an assassin can make the flowers grow") and reciting some future events that he will never live to know about. Finally he declares that he is in his "last room", though Mrs. Trotsky tries to explain that he is, in fact, unconscious in a hospital. Trotsky accepts that he is fortunate just to have lived for another day after the attack—that this seems to be symbolic of some sort of hope concerning human life. He decides to go look at the garden that Ramon had tended to, but before he can, he dies for the final time.
Productions
Variations on the Death of Trotsky was originally presented in January 1991 at the Manhattan Punch Line Theatre (Steve Kaplan, artistic director), in New York City as part of its annual Festival of One-Act Comedies. It was directed by Jason McConell Buzas, and stage managed by David Waggett. The set design was by Vaughn Patterson; the costume design was by Sharon Lynch; the lighting design was by Patt Dignan. The cast was as follows:
Daniel Hagen as Trotsky
Nora Mae Lyng as Mrs. Trotsky
Steven Rodriguez as Ramon
Variations on the Death of Trotsky was performed as part of the Ives' six one-act plays All in the Timing Off-Broadway at Primary Stages in December 1993 and revived in 2013.
References
External links
All in the Timing, 1993 Internet Off-Broadway Database
All in the Timing, 2013 Internet Off-Broadway Database
Plays by David Ives
Cultural depictions of Leon Trotsky
Plays based on real people
One-act plays
1991 plays | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variations%20on%20the%20Death%20of%20Trotsky |
Eel River Crossing is a former village in Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the village of Bois-Joli.
History
Its name usually being simplified to Eel River, the village is situated on the river of that name. The word "Crossing" was added to the name after the Intercolonial Railway built its Halifax-Rivière-du-Loup main line through the community in 1875. Since 1972, a high-voltage converter station, the Eel River Converter Station, is located in Eel River Crossing.
Eel River (Chaleur Bay) – A descriptive derived from the French designation Anguille. Anse a l'Anguille changed to Eel River Cove by petition on October 14, 1950.
In Mi'kmaq, Eel River was known as Okpĕgŭnchĭk which meant "discoloured foam on the water".
Following an amalgamation with surrounding areas in 2015, the village branded itself Eel River Dundee in 2018 but the legal name remained Eel River Crossing.
On 1 January 2023, Eel River Crossing amalgamated with the village of Balmoral and all or part of five local service districts to form the new village of Bois-Joli. The community's name remains in official use.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Eel River Crossing had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Population trend
2011 population revised due to boundary changes.
Mother tongue (2016)
Notable people
See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
References
External links
Eel River Crossing
Communities in Restigouche County, New Brunswick
Former villages in New Brunswick | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel%20River%20Crossing%2C%20New%20Brunswick |
Rabbi Tarfon or Tarphon (, from the Greek Τρύφων Tryphon literally "one who lives in luxury" Trifon), a Kohen, was a member of the third generation of the Mishnah sages, who lived in the period between the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the fall of Betar (135 CE).
Biography
Rabbi Tarfon was a resident of Yavneh, but Jewish sources show that he also lived and taught in Lod. He was of priestly lineage, and he once went with his uncle on his mother's side to participate in the priestly prayer in the Temple in Jerusalem. As a priest, he would demand the terumah even after the Temple had fallen, but his generosity made him return the money given to him as a priest in the pidyon haben ceremony. Once, in a time of famine, he took 300 wives so that they might, as wives of a priest, exercise the right of sharing in the tithes. Once, when from his window he saw a bridal procession evidently of the poorer classes, he requested his mother and sister to anoint the bride that the groom might find more joy in her. His devotion to his mother was such that he used to place his hands beneath her feet when she was obliged to cross the courtyard barefoot.
Although wealthy, he possessed extraordinary modesty; in one instance he deeply regretted having mentioned his name in a time of peril, since he feared that in using his position as teacher to escape from danger he had seemingly violated the rule against utilizing knowledge of the Torah for practical ends.
When Eliezer ben Hyrcanus was sick, and a deputation was sent to him, Tarfon acted as the spokesman, addressing him as follows: "Master, you are worth more to Israel than the sun, for that gives light only on earth, while you shed your rays both in this world and in the world to come". Similarly, he led a number of scholars in a visit to R. Ishmael ben Elisha, upon the death of Ishmael's sons; and when Jose the Galilean, Tarfon, Eleazar ben Azariah, and Rabbi Akiva assembled to decide on the disputed sayings of Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, Tarfon was the first speaker. He was one of those whose names occurred in the deposition of Gamaliel II, and it is expressly stated that he was addressed as "brother" by the other scholars.
On festivals and holy days, he was accustomed to delight his wife and children by preparing for them the finest fruits and dainties. When he wished to express approval of anyone, he would say, "'A knob and a flower': you have spoken as beautifully as the adornments of the candlestick in the Temple"; but when it was necessary to upbraid another, he would say, "'My son shall not go down with you'". When he perceived that his two nephews, whom he was instructing personally, were becoming careless, he interrupted his lecture and regained their attention by saying, "Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Johanna" whereupon his pupils interrupted him by exclaiming, "No, Keturah!" His students included R. Judah, Simeon Shezuri, and Judah ben Isaiah ha-Bosem.
He is mentioned in the traditional Haggadah of Passover in the company of other sages: "It happened that Rabbi Eliezer, Rabbi Yehoshua, Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah, Rabbi Akiva, and Rabbi Tarfon were reclining (at a seder) in Bnei Barak (in Israel) and were telling of the exodus from Egypt the entire night..."
Opinions differ regarding his death. According to Eichah Rabbah he became one of the Ten Martyrs, but others believe that he fled the country upon the outbreak of the Bar Kochba revolt and died elsewhere. According to a tradition from the Arizal, his grave is located in Kadita under a giant pistachio tree. However, a burial cave was recently discovered on Mount Meron and restored by the "Ohalei Tzaddikim" organization, which claims Tarfon was buried there. Elsewhere, an ossuary from a burial cave in Jerusalem has been discovered that is marked in Aramaic, "Elisheba wife of Tarfon."
Teachings
Halacha
He was an adherent of the school of Shammai. However, only rarely is he recorded as following its teachings, and he always inclined toward leniency in the interpretation of those halakhot of Shammai which had not actually been put into practice; often he decided in direct opposition to the followers of Shammai when they imposed restrictions of excessive severity. In his view, "objective views are always the determinative criterion in reaching legal decisions. He consistently decides to the advantage of the priest, and also encourages the performance of rituals in which the priest occupies the central role."
He was also the author of independent halakhot, one being on the wording of the blessing after drinking water, and another on a blessing recited at the Passover Seder. The majority of his rulings, however, deal with subjects discussed in the orders Nashim, Ḳodashim, Tohorot, and Nezikin. In those found in Tohorot his tendency is always toward severity, while in Neziḳin are found his sayings on lost objects and usufruct, the payment of debts, the money due a woman when she receives a bill of divorce, and damage caused by cattle. If he had belonged to the Sanhedrin, the death-penalty would have been effectively abolished. He engaged in halakhic disputes with Rabbi Akiva (however, the two agreed with regard to a tosefta), with Shimon bar Yochai, and R. Eleazar ben Azaryah. Other sayings of R. Tarfon have been preserved which were accepted without controversy. He is mentioned briefly with regard to Bruriah.
Aggadah
He was accustomed to open his aggadic discourses with a halakhic question.
In the discussion as to the relative importance of theory and practice, Tarfon decided in favor of the latter.
In his upper chamber at Jabneh, it was decided that benevolence should be practiced according to .
He held that God did not allow His glory to overshadow Israel until the people had fulfilled a task.
Quotes
The day is short, and the labor is plenty; the laborers are slothful, while the reward is great, and the master of the house is pressing.
You are not obliged to complete the work, but neither are you free to desist from it; if you have learned much Torah, great shall be your reward, for He who hires you will surely repay you for your toil; yet the requital of the pious is in the future.
No man dies except through idleness.
Attitude towards Christianity
R. Tarfon, as quoted in the Tosefta and Talmud, swore that he would burn scrolls (either gilyonim or Torah scrolls) that came into his possession which were written by a heretical scribe, even if the name of God occurred in them. This is the strictest opinion given in the passage; Rabbi Yose said to cut out and bury the names of God while burning the rest of the scroll, while the initial anonymous opinion says such texts may not be saved from a fire on Shabbat (in general, no books other than a valid Torah scroll may be saved from a fire on Shabbat) while saying nothing about burning in general. Scholars debate whether the word minim ("heretics") here refers to heretical Jews in general, or to a particular group of them, for example Jewish gnostics or Jewish Christians.
There is debate as to whether Justin Martyr's dialogue with Trypho should be taken as purporting to represent a dialog with Tarfon. The dialog itself has been held to be principally a literary device, and its claim to witness to a rabbinic perspective can be seen in that light.
References
Mishnah rabbis
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Early Christianity and Judaism
People from Lod
Anti-Christian sentiment in Asia
1st-century rabbis
2nd-century rabbis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi%20Tarfon |
Walter Lee Barnes (January 26, 1918 – January 6, 1998) was an American football guard and actor who played in National Football League (NFL) for four seasons. He played in the (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and in college at Louisiana State University. Barnes was an actor in both American and European films. He appeared in several films with John Wayne, Lex Barker, and Clint Eastwood.
Sports career
Barnes earned his nickname of "Piggy" from catching a piglet when a boy. Playing football at Parkersburg High School, he was on the unbeaten 1938 team and played in the 1939 North-South Game.
Following military service in the United States Army in World War II as a sergeant, Barnes enrolled at Louisiana State University (LSU) where he became not only a football player but a college weightlifting champion. Following graduation he joined the Philadelphia Eagles football team as a guard before retiring and becoming a coach of football teams of Columbia University and Arizona State University.
While playing for the Eagles, Barnes made time to help his alma mater, LSU, by spying on the practices of the Oklahoma Sooners team prior to the 1950 Sugar Bowl. After being caught by members of the Oklahoma football staff and Biloxi, Mississippi residents, Barnes fled to hide in the house of a former LSU teammate, Elbert Manuel. Both Barnes and Manuel refused Oklahoma coach Bud Wilkinson's offer to present themselves for identification to clear their names. The spying incident had little to do with the outcome of the game, as Oklahoma beat LSU easily, 35–0.
Barnes was inducted into the Coaches' Association Hall in June 2010.
Acting career
Barnes entered acting after appearing several times on The Eagles Nest, a local Philadelphia television show. WCAU television placed him on several local shows. His contacts with Walt Silver, a producer for Warner Bros. Television, led him into several appearances on television and films. Some of his more notable appearances included Bronco, Gunsmoke, Cheyenne, Bonanza, Have Gun – Will Travel and Death Valley Days. John Wayne got him a small role as Charlie the Bartender in Rio Bravo.
Tiring of small roles and seeing opportunities overseas, Barnes was one of the many American actors who moved to Italy in the early 1960s. Kirk Douglas recommended him for a role in his The Vikings television spinoff Tales of the Vikings that was filmed for Douglas's production company in Germany. From 1960 to 1969, he was first active in pirate movies, then Karl May film adaptations and Spaghetti Westerns.
Barnes returned to the United States in 1969 and appeared in more films and television series, which included The High Chaparral. His friendship with Clint Eastwood on Rawhide later led him to several roles in Eastwood's films. He retired from acting in 1987 and became increasingly ill due to his diabetes. Barnes died on January 6, 1998. He was the father of German former actress Lara Wendel, who was born Daniela Barnes.
Other acting appearances
1957 Oregon Passage - film as Sergeant Jed Erschick
1957 Cheyenne - TV series as Chris Barlow
1958 Revolt in the Big House - film as Guard Captain Starkey
1958 Death Valley Days - TV as Blacksmith Gil Calvin
1959 Bat Masterson - TV as Mr. Paulson
1959 Westbound - film as Willis, Stage Depot Cook
1959 Rio Bravo - film as Charlie (uncredited)
1960 Under Ten Flags - film as Unknown
1960 Il carro armato dell'8 settembre - film as Unknown
1960 Robin Hood and the Pirates - film as Guercio / Orbo
1961 The Secret of the Black Falcon - film as Jack 'Calico Jack'
1961 El secreto de los hombres azules - film as Matthias
1961 Romulus and the Sabines - film as Stilicone
1961 Queen of the Seas - film as Captain Poof
1961 Revenge of the Conquered - film as Unknown
1962 Avenger of the Seven Seas - film as Van Artz
1963 Il segno di Zorro - film as Mario
1963 Captain Sindbad - film as Rolf
1963 Slave Girls of Sheba - film as Unknown
1963 Apache Gold as Bill Jones
1964 Revenge of the Musketeers as Porthos
1964 Among Vultures - film as Martin Bauman Sr.
1965 Challenge of the Gladiator - film as Terenzo
1965 The Oil Prince - film as Bill Campbell
1965 Duel at Sundown - film as 'Old' McGow
1966 Winnetou and the Crossbreed - film as Mac Haller
1966 The Big Gundown - film as Brokston
1967 Clint the Stranger - film as Walter Shannon
1967 Feuer frei auf Frankie - film as Colonel O'Connor
1967 Love Nights in the Taiga - film as Jurij
1967 Halleluja for Django - film as Jarret / Clay Thomas
1968 The Long Day of Inspector Blomfield - film as Inspector Fred Lancaster
1968 Garter Colt - film as General
1968 The Moment to Kill - film as 'Bull'
1968 The Magnificent Tony Carrera - film as Barnes
1969 Colpo di stato - film as Unknown
1969–1971 Bonanza - TV as Sheriff Truslow / Weatherby / Emmett J. Whitney / Will Griner
1970 The Traveling Executioner - film as Sheriff
1971 The Christian Licorice Store - film as P.C. Stayne
1972 Daddy's Deadly Darling - film as Doctor
1972–1973 Mission: Impossible - TV as Homer Chill / Al
1973 High Plains Drifter - film as Sheriff Sam Shaw
1973 Cahill U.S. Marshal - film as Sheriff Grady
1975 Escape to Witch Mountain - film as Sheriff Purdy
1975 Mackintosh and T.J. as Jim Webster
1977 Emergency! - TV as Mike Gold
1977 Day of the Animals - film as Ranger Tucker
1977 Another Man, Another Chance - film as Foster
1977 Pete's Dragon - film as Captain
1978 Every Which Way but Loose - film as 'Tank' Murdock
1980 The Dukes of Hazzard - TV as Jeb McCobb
1980 Bronco Billy - film as Sheriff Dix
1981 Walking Tall - TV as Carl Pusser
1981 Smokey Bites the Dust - film as Sheriff Turner
1982 Father Murphy - TV as Unknown
1985 North and South - TV miniseries as Benny Haven
1986 Stingray - TV as Daniel Coleman
1987 Boon - TV as JCB Driver (final appearance)
References
External links
1918 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American expatriates in Italy
American football guards
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male weightlifters
United States Army personnel of World War II
Arizona State Sun Devils football coaches
Burials at Los Angeles National Cemetery
Columbia Lions football coaches
Deaths from diabetes
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Male Spaghetti Western actors
Male Western (genre) film actors
LSU Tigers football players
Military personnel from Parkersburg, West Virginia
Parkersburg High School alumni
Philadelphia Eagles players
Sportspeople from Parkersburg, West Virginia
Third Air Force Gremlins football players
United States Army soldiers
Players of American football from West Virginia
20th-century American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt%20Barnes |
The Grey's Anatomy Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack album series for the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, with four volumes released in the series. The albums with the exception of Volume 4 were released by Hollywood Records, while Volume 4 was released by Chop Shop Records and Atlantic Records. In addition, a box set featuring the first 3 volumes was released on the same day as the third volume.
Volume 2 was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards, losing to Walk the Line.
Volume 1 track listing
Release date: September 27, 2005
The Postal Service "Such Great Heights"
Róisín Murphy "Ruby Blue"
Maria Taylor "Song Beneath the Song"
Tegan and Sara "Where Does the Good Go?"
Mike Doughty "Looking at the World from the Bottom of a Well"
Get Set Go "Wait"
The Eames Era "Could be Anything"
Rilo Kiley "Portions for Foxes"
Joe Purdy "The City"
Medeski, Martin & Wood "End of the World Party"
Ben Lee "Catch My Disease" (live)
The Ditty Bops "There's a Girl"
The Radio "Whatever Gets You Through Today"
Inara George "Fools in Love"
Psapp "Cosy in the Rocket"
Volume 2 track listing
Release date: September 12, 2006
The Fray "How to Save a Life"
Moonbabies "War on Sound"
Jim Noir "I Me You"
Ursula 1000 "Kaboom!"
Anya Marina "Miss Halfway"
Jamie Lidell "Multiply"
KT Tunstall "Universe & U" [acoustic extravaganza version]
Metric "Monster Hospital"
Gomez "How We Operate" [radio edit]
Kate Havnevik "Grace"
The Chalets "Sexy Mistake"
Gran Bel Fisher "Bound by Love"
Get Set Go "I Hate Everyone" [clean version]
Foy Vance "Homebird"
Snow Patrol "Chasing Cars" [acoustic version]
The iTunes version of the album also includes Sing-Sing's "Come, Sing Me a Song" as the sixteenth track.
Volume 3 track listing
Release date: September 11, 2007
Peter, Bjorn & John "Young Folks"
The Bird and the Bee "Again & Again"
The Jealous Girlfriends "Something in the Water"
Feist "Sealion"
Bill Ricchini "A Cold Wind Will Blow Through Your Door"
Grace Potter & The Nocturnals "Falling Or Flying"
Koop "Come to Me"
Keisha White "Don't Mistake Me"
The Whitest Boy Alive "Fireworks"
Jesus Jackson "Running On Sunshine"
Robert Randolph & the Family Band "Ain't Nothing Wrong With That"
Paolo Nutini "Million Faces"
Mat Kearney "Breathe In, Breathe Out"
Gomez "Moon and Sun"
John Legend "Sun Comes Up"
Ingrid Michaelson "Keep Breathing"
Brandi Carlile "The Story"
Volume 4 track listing
Release date: September 9, 2011
Lykke Li "Get Some"
Scars on 45 "Heart on Fire"
Katie Herzig "Way to the Future"
Peter, Bjorn & John "Second Chance"
Cee Lo Green "Old Fashioned"
The National "England"
Graffiti6 "Stare Into the Sun"
Lissie "Worried About"
Delta Spirit "Salt in the Wound"
Correatown "Further"
The Republic Tigers "The Infidel"
The Quiet Kind "In Front of You"
Tim Myers "Entwined"
The Boxer Rebellion "Both Sides Are Even"
Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event
Release date: March 31, 2011
Soundtrack for the season 7 episode "Song Beneath the Song"
"Chasing Cars" - Sara Ramirez, Kevin McKidd, Chandra Wilson
"Breathe" - Chyler Leigh
"How We Operate" - Kevin McKidd
"Wait" - Chandra Wilson, Sarah Drew, Chyler Leigh
"Runnin' on Sunshine" - Sara Ramirez, Daniel Sunjata, Kevin McKidd, Scott Foley, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson, Jessica Capshaw, Kim Raver, Chyler Leigh, Ellen Pompeo
"Universe & U" - Sara Ramirez, Jessica Capshaw
"Grace" - Sara Ramirez, Sarah Drew, Chyler Leigh
"How to Save a Life" - Kevin McKidd, Ellen Pompeo, Kim Raver, Eric Dane, Jessica Capshaw, Chandra Wilson, Chyler Leigh, Sarah Drew, Justin Chambers, Sara Ramirez
"The Story" - Sara Ramirez
References
Grey's Anatomy
Television soundtracks
2005 soundtrack albums
Hollywood Records soundtracks
Indie rock soundtracks
Folk soundtracks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey%27s%20Anatomy%20%28soundtrack%29 |
Terwilliger can refer to:
People and fictional characters
Brian J. Terwilliger (born 1976), movie director
G. Zachary Terwilliger (born 1981), former United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia
George J. Terwilliger III (born 1950), former United States Deputy Attorney General
George Terwilliger (1882–1970), American silent film director and screenwriter
James Terwilliger (1809–1892), Oregon pioneer
Joseph Terwilliger, American geneticist
Robert Underdunk Terwilliger or Sideshow Bob, a fictional character from The Simpsons
Ron Terwilliger (born 1941), American housing developer
Wayne Terwilliger (1925–2021), American baseball player, second baseman in Major League Baseball
Places in the United States
Terwilliger, Portland, Oregon, a neighborhood
Terwilliger Boulevard, a major road and parkway in Portland, Oregon
Cougar Hot Springs, also known as Terwilliger Hot Springs, geothermal pools in Oregon
Buildings in the United States
Terwilliger House, Registered Historic Place in McHenry County, Illinois
Terwilliger House (Shawangunk, New York), a Federal style stone house built around the turn of the 18th century
Terwilliger Brothers Field at Max Bishop Stadium, a baseball stadium at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
Dutch-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terwilliger |
USS Manning (DE-199) was a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1947. She was scrapped in 1969.
History
USS Manning was named in honor of Ordnanceman Milburn A. Manning (1920–1941), who was killed in action during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. Manning was laid down by Charleston Navy Yard, on 15 February 1943; launched on 1 June 1943; sponsored by Mrs. J. H. Hughes; and commissioned at the Charleston Navy Yard on 1 October 1943.
Solomon Islands
After shakedown off Bermuda, Manning departed Charleston Navy Yard on 12 December 1943 as escort for a troopship convoy. Steaming via Panama, she reached Pearl Harbor on 1 January 1944. Five days later she sailed for the South Pacific where, after touching the Ellice Islands, she reached Florida Island, Solomons, on 21 January. During the next two months she patrolled off Guadalcanal for submarines and escorted convoys from the Solomons to the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and Samoa. In addition, she escorted a fleet oiler task group out of Espiritu Santo to an ocean rendezvous north of the Solomons. There on 26 March, the tankers refueled ships of the Fast Carrier Task Force prior to intensive raids by 3rd Fleet carriers against Japanese bases in the Carolines.
New Guinea
Manning departed the Solomons on 5 April and reached Milne Bay, New Guinea, the 7th to begin temporary duty with the 7th Fleet. Operating with Escort Division 37, she sailed in convoy 19 April and escorted transports and LSTs to Humboldt Bay where she arrived on the 24th. During the next two days, she screened the approaches to Humboldt Bay; thence, she returned to Cape Cretin on 29 April. After screening a reinforcement convoy to Aitape early in May, Manning continued to support the westward advance of the Allies in New Guinea. As escort for attack transports, she arrived off Wakde, New Guinea, on 17 May and screened to seaward during the amphibious invasion. She continued escort and ASW patrols along the northern coast of New Guinea until 24 June when she departed under tow to Espiritu Santo for repairs to damaged screws and shafts.
Arriving on 30 June, Manning underwent repairs and overhaul during the next month. Thence, she sailed for the Solomons on 14 August, and until 9 October she made convoy escort runs out of the Solomons to the Russells, the New Hebrides, the Admiralties, and New Guinea. She arrived at Manus on 11 October; and, after reporting for duty with the 7th Fleet, sailed the 15th to support the American invasion of the Philippines.
Philippines
Manning steamed to Kossol Passage, Palaus, where on 20 October, she joined other escorts as a screen for tankers and ammunition ships sailing to supply ships in Leyte Gulf. She arrived off Leyte on 23 October, and for more than a week she escorted ammunition ships during replenishment operations. Between 24 and 28 October, American ships repelled numerous Japanese air attacks. Gunfire from Manning splashed a twin-engined bomber during an evening attack on 24 October, and concentrated gunfire as well as chemical smoke helped drive off enemy planes and protect American shipping in the gulf.
Departing Leyte on 1 November, Manning steamed via Kossol to Humboldt Bay where she arrived the 6th. Eight days later, she joined the screen for a task group of transports, LSTs, and amphibious craft steaming via Biak to Leyte. The ships came under air attack at dusk on 23 November, but effective gunfire from the task group drove off the attackers. Manning entered Leyte Gulf early the 24th. As she screened the transport area, her 20 mm guns hit and repelled an enemy dive bomber.
Manning sailed with the LSTs for New Guinea later the same day and arrived Hollandia on 30 November. As flagship for CortDiv 37, she reported for duty with Service Force, 7th
Fleet, on 1 December. During the next four weeks she took part in intensive anti-aircraft and ASW exercises off New Guinea. Thence, she joined the screen for a convoy of fleet oilers and sailed on 28 December for the Philippines and the invasion of Luzon.
Steaming via Leyte Gulf and Surigao Strait, Manning entered Mindanao Sea on 2 January 1945. That evening the task group repulsed enemy bombers, and during the next two days American gunfire effectively drove off additional air attacks. Manning reached Mangarin Bay, Mindoro, 4 January, and until 21 February she operated out of Mangarin Bay in support of Luzon operations. Beginning on 7 January, she screened fleet oilers during refueling of Lingayen attack ships in the South China Sea. She provided anti-aircraft and anti-submarine protection for tankers and ammunition ships anchored at Mangarin Bay, and she made ASW sweeps along the coast of Mindoro and Luzon. Thence, she returned to San Pedro Bay, Leyte, on 22 February and underwent tender availability until early March.
Manning reported for duty with the Philippine Sea frontier on 6 March. Two days later, she sailed in the screen of a convoy bound for the Admiralties. For more than two months she escorted convoys out of Leyte to New Guinea, the Palaus, the Admiralties, and back. As U.S. ground forces, buttressed by the might of American seapower, secured control of the Philippines, Manning, in mid-May, resumed ASW patrols in the South China Sea. Operating out of Manila, she patrolled the American convoy lanes from Subic Bay to the southern tip of Mindoro during the final three months of fighting in the western Pacific.
Manning completed her final patrol four days after the cessation of hostilities; and, as Japanese representatives signed the formal surrender documents on 2 September, she departed Subic Bay as escort for an Okinawa-bound convoy of LCTs and LCIs. After returning from Okinawa on 12 September, she sailed with other escorts of CortDiv 37 for the United States on 1 October. Steaming via the Marshalls and Pearl Harbor, she reached San Diego on 23 October and reported for duty with the San Diego group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet.
Decommissioning and fate
Manning decommissioned at San Diego on 15 January 1947 and was berthed first at San Diego, and, later at Bremerton, Washington. She was declared unfit for further naval service in mid-1968, and her name was struck from the Navy List on 31 July 1968. She was sold for scrapping on 27 October 1969 to the National Metal & Steel Company, Terminal Island, San Pedro, California (USA).
Awards
Manning received four battle stars for World War II service.
References
External links
Buckley-class destroyer escorts
Ships built in Charleston, South Carolina
1943 ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Manning%20%28DE-199%29 |
Fred “Arkansas” Lee Barnett (born June 17, 1966 in Gunnison, Mississippi) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and Miami Dolphins. He played college football at Arkansas State University and was selected by the Eagles in the third round of the 1990 NFL Draft.
Barnett played in eight NFL seasons from 1990 to 1997 for the Eagles and the Dolphins. He made the Pro Bowl following the 1992 season and was known for his ability to make acrobatic catches. He was the receiver on one of the Eagles' longest plays of all time, a 95-yard touchdown pass from Randall Cunningham in a 1990 game against the Buffalo Bills. Barnett was later the tight ends coach of the Memphis Maniax of the XFL.
Barnett's cousin Tim Barnett played the same position, WR, with the Kansas City Chiefs. Fred is best friends with Joe DeCamara.
References
1966 births
Living people
People from Bolivar County, Mississippi
Players of American football from Mississippi
American football wide receivers
Arkansas State Red Wolves football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Miami Dolphins players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Memphis Maniax coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Barnett |
Terry Albert Barr (August 8, 1935 – May 28, 2009) was an American football player. He played professional football for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions from 1957 to 1965. He began his NFL career as a defensive back and return specialist and later became one of the best pass receivers in the NFL. He played in the Pro Bowl in both 1963 and 1964, led the NFL with 13 touchdown receptions in 1963, and was among the NFL leaders with 1,086 receiving yards in 1963 and 1,030 receiving yards in 1964. Over his nine-year NFL career, Barr appeared in 102 games and caught 227 passes for 3,810 yards and 35 touchdowns.
Barr also played college football as a halfback for the University of Michigan from 1954 to 1956. He was selected as the Most Valuable Player on the 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team and was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1994.
Early years
Barr was born in 1935 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He grew up on the east side of Grand Rapids in a family of eight children. He attended Central High School in Grand Rapids. He played football and basketball and ran track at Central High School and was the Michigan state champion in the 440-yard dash in both 1952 and 1953.
University of Michigan
Barr enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1953 and played at the halfback position for Bennie Oosterbaan's Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1954 to 1956. Barr first gained acclaim after leading Michigan to a victory over Army early in the 1955 season; he rushed for a touchdown in the first quarter and then returned a punt 82 yards for a touchdown in the second quarter. At the end of the season, Barr was selected as the Most Valuable Player on the 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 7-2 record and was ranked #12 and #13 in the final AP and UPI polls.
During his junior and senior years from 1955 to 1956, Barr contributed over 1,600 yards to the Wolverines, including 611 rushing yards, 466 punt and kickoff return yards, 306 passing yards, and 140 receiving yards. He was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1994.
Professional football
Barr was selected by the Detroit Lions in the third round (36th overall pick) of the 1957 NFL Draft. In his rookie season, he played in the NFL Championship Game. In Detroit's 59–14 win over Cleveland, Barr intercepted a pass and returned it 19 yards for a score. Barr spent nine seasons with the Lions from 1957 to 1965. In his first three seasons, he was used principally as a defensive back and return specialist. He returned 26 kickoffs for 655 yards and 50 punts for 262 yards from 1957 to 1960.
The Lions began using him increasingly on offense in 1960, but he missed a portion of the 1962 season with a knee injury that required surgery.
Barr became one of the best pass receivers in the NFL from 1963 to 1964. In 1963, he led the NFL with 13 touchdown receptions and was invited to play in his first Pro Bowl. He also ranked among the NFL's leaders in 1963 with 13 touchdowns (2nd), 66 receptions (3rd), 1,086 receiving yards (4th), 77.6 receiving yards per game (5th), 78 points scored (7th), and 1,095 yards from scrimmage (7th). In 1964, Barr was again selected to play in the Pro Bowl and again ranked among the NFL leaders with 1,030 receiving yards (2nd), 73.6 receiving yards per game (3rd), 9 receiving touchdowns (4th), 18.1 yards per reception (5th), 57 receptions (7th), and 1,061 yards from scrimmage (7th).
Barr's career ended after the 1965 season due to a knee injury. Over his nine-year NFL career, Barr appeared in 102 games and caught 227 passes for 3,810 yards and 35 touchdowns.
Later year and family
After retiring from football, Barr was involved in several businesses in suburban Detroit. He operated an insurance agency in partnership with Joe Schmidt and Nick Pietrosante for several years. In 1971, he bought a Southfield, Michigan-based company that became Terry Barr Sales L.L.C., which provided sales, marketing, engineering and other services to the automotive industry. He was also the chairman of Libralter Plastics, an automotive industry supplier. His business interests also included a restaurant and manufacturing operation. Barr was a past president of the Bloomfield Hills Country Club.
Barr was married, and he and his wife, Shelley, had three sons. He was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor and the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame.
Barr died in 2009 at age 73 after a long battle with Alzheimer's disease.
References
1935 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from dementia in Michigan
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American football wide receivers
Michigan Wolverines football players
Detroit Lions players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Grand Rapids, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Barr |
Islam is the largest and majority religion in Sierra Leone. Based on the 2015 Pew Research Center research, 78% of Sierra Leone's population is Muslim.
The vast majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims are adherent to the Sunni Islam.
Composition and practice
In 2020, 77% of Sierra Leone population are Muslims. There are 16 ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, the two largest being the Temne and Mende are both Muslim majority. Ten of Sierra Leone's sixteen ethnic groups are Muslim majority.
The vast majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims are Sunni of the Maliki school of Jurisprudence.
History
In the early 18th century, Fulani and Mande-speaking tribesmen from the Fouta Djallon region of present-day Guinea converted many Temne of northern Sierra Leone to Islam. During the period of British rule, attempts to spread Christianity were mostly ineffective.
Islam continued to spread after independence in 1961. In 1960, the Muslim population was 35 percent and grew to 60 percent by 2000, and then to 71% in 2008. It is difficult for people from Sierra Leone to travel to Mecca for the Hajj, the fifth pillar of Islam, due to the distance between the two places and the cost of travel being beyond the means of most Sierra Leoneans. The 2014-2016 Ebola crisis worsened the situation by making it impossible for Sierra Leoneans to obtain Visas to Saudi Arabia.
The recent Sierra Leone Civil War was secular in nature featuring members of Christian, Muslim, and Tribal faiths fighting on both sides of the conflict.
See also
Ahmadiyya in Sierra Leone
Christianity in Sierra Leone
Hinduism in Sierra Leone
References
Sierra Leone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Sierra%20Leone |
Ariadne was a figure in Greek mythology.
Ariadne may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Fictional characters
Ariadne Oliver, a fictional character in the novels of Agatha Christie
Ariadne the spider, a character in the British children's animated TV series Creepy Crawlies
Ariadne, a character in the film Inception
Ariadne, a character in the Korean manhwa Ares
Ariadne, a character from British TV series Atlantis
Other uses in arts and entertainment
Ariadne (EP), a 2004 extended play released by The Clientele
Ariadne (poem), a 1932 epic by F. L. Lucas
Ariadne auf Naxos, an opera by Richard Strauss
Ariadne musica, a collection of organ music by Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer
Sleeping Ariadne, a Roman sculpture in the Vatican Museums
Ariadne: A Social Art Network, a collaborative art group founded by Suzanne Lacy and Leslie Labowitz-Starus
"Ariadne", an episode of the 2019 TV series Russian Doll
People
Ariadne (empress), a Byzantine Empress from the late 5th century
Ariadne of Phrygia, Christian saint
Ariadne Getty (born 1962), American philanthropist
Ariadne Welter (1930–1998), Mexican actress
Taxonomy
Ariadne (butterfly), a genus of nymphalid butterflies
Ariadne, a genus of flowering plants, synonym of Mazaea
Scinax ariadne, a species of frog endemic to Brazil
Other uses
Ariadne (archive), the department of the Austrian National Library devoted to women's and gender studies
Ariadne (psychedelic), a psychedelic drug
, the name of several ships
Ariadne (software), an Educational Content Management System
Ariadne (web magazine), an Information Sciences journal published by Loughborough University
Ariadne's thread (logic), an algorithm in puzzle-solving
43 Ariadne, the second-largest member of the Flora asteroid family
Ariadne, name in Greece for the January 2017 European cold wave
Ariadne (crater), a crater on Venus
See also
Ariadna (disambiguation)
Ariana (disambiguation)
Ariane (disambiguation)
Arianna (disambiguation)
Aryana (disambiguation)
Genus disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadne%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Jeremy Barnes (born September 18, 1976) is an American musician. He plays accordion, percussion and other instruments. He has been a member of the bands Neutral Milk Hotel, Beirut, and A Hawk and a Hacksaw, and is a co-creator of the record label L.M. Duplication. Influences on his work include music from Eastern Europe, Turkey, and the Caucasus.
Career
Barnes was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the son of a local businessman. In 1995 he moved to Chicago to attend DePaul University but left his studies in January 1996, aged 19. He joined Neutral Milk Hotel, which was a part of the Athens, Georgia-based Elephant 6 music collective. Neutral Milk Hotel disbanded in 1998 and Barnes spent time traveling in Europe and working as a postman. He also played with Broadcast, The Gerbils and Bablicon.
Barnes cites his initial introduction to Eastern European music as having been in 1999 while on tour. After being introduced to Bulgarian music, he lived in a predominantly Ukrainian Chicago neighborhood and developed an interest in Romanian music.
"I was kind of at a dead end in what I was listening to, and it just opened up a whole new world for me," he said in a 2011 interview with Noise Narcs. "That was in 1999. For a while it affected the way I looked at my music, but I was still playing drums in bands, and it didn’t seem like something I should pursue. You go through these fads or trends as a listener, where you’re really into something for a month and then it changes. But with this music, it’s been now twelve years or more, and it gradually seeped into everything that I do."
In 2001 he formed A Hawk and a Hacksaw, in France. In 2005 he met Heather Trost, who performs with him in A Hawk and A Hacksaw. Both Barnes and Trost contributed to the debut album by Beirut, Gulag Orkestar.
A Hawk and A Hacksaw's recording and touring line-up over the years has included Hungarian, Romanian, and English musicians, notably Fanfare Cioclaria, Ferenc Kovacs, Balász Unger, Chris Hladowski, and Kalman Balogh. One recent touring iteration included Chicagoans Samuel Johnson, who played trumpet, and George Lawler on the doumbek.
Barnes and Trost are married and live in Albuquerque. They created the label L.M. Duplication to release their own recordings as well as music by other folk-related groups. Barnes has said he intends to release contemporary music as well as earlier music that is no longer available. They have released home recordings by John Jacob Niles, an album of Turkish wedding music by Cüneyt Sepetçi and Orchestra Dolapdere, and a compilation of music from the Caucasus Mountains, called Mountains of Tongues.
Barnes and Deerhoof guitarist John Dieterich released duo album called The Coral Casino, under the moniker Dieterich & Barnes in 2016. In the same year, Barnes released a collection of solo recordings, called Summer '16.
In Neutral Milk Hotel, Barnes played a four-piece C&C drum kit (24-inch bass drum) Paiste Giant Beat and Istanbul Agop Cymbals, and a Wurlitzer MLM organ. In A Hawk and A Hacksaw, he plays vintage Da Vinci, Dallape and Weltmeister Supita Accordions and the Iranian santur.
Releases
Excerpts from a Janitor's Almanac (CD) – Self-released – 2001
A Hawk and a Hacksaw (CD/LP) – Cloud Recordings – 2002
Darkness at Noon (CD/LP) – The Leaf Label – 2005
The Way the Wind Blows (CD/LP) – The Leaf Label – 2006
And the Hun Hangar Ensemble (CD/LP) – The Leaf Label – 2007
Foni Tu Argile (10" single) – The Leaf Label – 2009
Délivrance (CD/LP) – The Leaf Label – 2009
You Have Already Gone to the Other World (CD/LP) – 2013
Forest Bathing (CD/LP) – 2018
Living Music (L.M.) Duplication releases
Cervantine {A Hawk and A Hacksaw} (CD/LP) – L.M. Duplication – 2011
The Boone-Tolliver Recordings John Jacob Niles (CD/LP) – 2012
You Have Already Gone to the Other World [A Hawk and A Hacksaw] – 2013
Bahriye Ciftetellesi [Cüneyt Sepetçi and Orchestra Dolapdere] – 2013
Mountains of Tongues- Musical Dialects of the Caucasus – 2013
Bahto Delo Delo- Tsagoi – 2014
Dieterich & Barnes- The Coral Casino- 2016
Thor & Friends -s/t – 2016
Convertino~Amor - The Western Suite & Siesta Songs – 2016
References
The Elephant 6 Recording Company artists
DePaul University alumni
Living people
1976 births
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
21st-century American drummers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
Beirut (band) members
A Hawk and a Hacksaw members
Neutral Milk Hotel members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Barnes%20%28musician%29 |
William Montague Browne (July 7, 1823 – April 28, 1883) was a prominent Confederate politician and American newsman. During the American Civil War, he served as Acting Secretary of State for the Confederacy in 1862 and as a temporary brigadier general in the Confederate States Army. When he was not confirmed to that rank by the Confederate Senate, he reverted to his permanent grade of colonel.
Early life
Browne was born in County Mayo in Ireland on July 7, 1823 as (apparently the fifth) son of D. Geoffrey Browne, MP. Definite information about some events, positions or locations in his early life, including an uncertain higher education, alleged service in the British Army during the Crimean War, diplomatic services and his initial whereabouts in the United States during the early 1850s, appears to be unavailable. Residing in New York City by 1855 or 56, he wrote for the New York Journal of Commerce. He associated with the Democratic Party and later became a clerk in the House of Customs. In 1859 Browne moved to Washington D.C. and wrote for the pro-administration Washington Constitution.
American Civil War
In 1861 Browne, known as Constitution Browne by then, had become a well-connected proponent of secession and moved to Athens, Georgia, after that. A favorite of both the just elected Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his Secretary of State Robert Toombs he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State. On several occasions in 1861 and 62 Browne acted as interim Secretary. Living in Richmond, Virginia with his wife, Eliza Jane Beket, he had two permanent houseguests. One was Howell Cobb, a former United States Secretary of the Treasury and an old and close friend from Washington, who now was the President of Provisional Confederate Congress. The other was his younger brother, Colonel Thomas R.R. Cobb.
Browne resigned in March 1862 and was assigned as military aide-de-camp to President Davis, with the rank of a Colonel of cavalry. Beside his main duty on the staff he also was assigned to command a battalion of local defense cavalry. On April 5, 1864 Davis appointed Browne as Commandant of Conscription in Georgia, where Governor Joseph E. Brown consistently hindered the Confederate war efforts. Browne was a natural choice as a Georgia resident who had inspected and reported about the conscription in Georgia before.
In late 1864 Browne, while still enforcing conscription, was detached to commanded a small brigade of reserves during the Savannah Campaign. In December, Browne was promoted to temporary brigadier general, to rank from November 11, 1864. He resumed his conscription duty in January 1865. In February 1865 his promotion was not confirmed by the Confederate Senate and he reverted to colonel. Despite this he later was excluded from amnesty on grounds of being both a civil officeholder and a military officer ranking higher than colonel. He was paroled on May 8, and pardoned either in late 1865 or 66.
Later life
Afterwards Browne, back in Athens, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1866. Beside his practice of law he became a newspaper man again when he took over editorship of the Southern Banner in 1868. Despite his position, the Brownes suffered from relative poverty and fragile health.
He was the great-great-uncle of Sir Robert Ricketts, 7th Baronet of Gloucestershire England.
See also
List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate)
Notes
References
External links
Short Biography at the Confederate War Department
1827 births
1883 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
19th-century Anglo-Irish people
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
Confederate States Army brigadier generals
Executive members of the Cabinet of the Confederate States of America
Irish soldiers in the British Army
Irish soldiers in the Confederate States Army
Military personnel from County Mayo
People educated at Rugby School
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
Recipients of American presidential pardons
University of Georgia faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20M.%20Browne |
Centron Corporation was a leading industrial and educational film production company, specializing in classroom and corporate 16mm films and VHS videocassettes. Although a slightly smaller company than its contemporaries (Encyclopædia Britannica Films, Coronet Films and Learning Corporation of America), it was nonetheless very successful from the late 1940s through the early 1990s, gaining added fame with the Academy Award-nominated Leo Beuerman in 1969.
Overview
Founded in 1947 in Lawrence, Kansas by boyhood friends Arthur H. Wolf (a veteran of another Kansas film company, Calvin Films) and Russell A. Mosser (of Boeing-Wichita), the name was chosen to incorporate the key words "central" (being that the company was located in the center of the United States) and "electronic" in honor of the "electronic age of the future".
Centron successfully competed with large companies on both coasts and was widely known for its high quality films, coming in on time and under budget. Although the company kept afloat for decades making many technical instructions, cooking and sewing demonstrations, teacher aides and safety prevention reels, it also added some social guidance films in the 1950s to compete with Coronet Films, along with zoological and geographic topics that held stronger interest among school students.
Harold "Herk" Harvey was a principal director at Centron. His 1962 feature Carnival of Souls was produced with several people associated with Centron. John Clifford, a Centron screenwriter, wrote the script for Carnival of Souls.
One of his most popular educational series covered the land and people "south of the border" (as the Middle America Regional Geography and La América del Sur series). Scripted by Peter Schnitzler and shot in many locations by cameraman Bob Rose, these were made under some (for that time) political difficulties. At one point, the series almost had to exclude Chile when government officials initially prevented film stock from leaving the country.
It was also during this period that the company expanded its distribution of outside productions, including a number of National Film Board of Canada titles. The 1970s was a particularly golden age for nature documentaries, especially the Elementary Natural Science series of the team of Karl and Stephen Maslowski.
In 1981, Wolf and Mosser sold Centron to the Coronet division of Esquire, Inc. Production carried on, mostly in Illinois, under the Coronet banner for a few years with Bob Kohl as primary head. In 1984, the Gulf and Western Industries conglomerate took over the mother company and, in a swift move, Kohl successfully purchased Centron from Gulf and moved production back to Lawrence, Kansas. After continuing through the end of the decade (including a series of instructional films for Encyclopædia Britannica), Kohl then sold the company facilities to the University of Kansas in 1991, with the library of films added to their archive by the time the company officially folded in 1994. Today, The Phoenix Learning Group currently has distribution rights to the Coronet library, including many of Centron.
Legacy
Although Centron won many awards for its films, it is most famous for the Oscar nominated Leo Beuerman. This simple profile of a short handicapped man with his tractor in downtown Lawrence was produced on a budget of $12,000 and eventually became one of the most popular classroom films of all time, selling an impressive 2300 prints.
Some of their films were satirized on the cult TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000, including Cheating, Why Study Industrial Arts? and What About Juvenile Delinquency? (each directed by Herk Harvey).
List of films
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
See also
Coronet Films
Encyclopædia Britannica
Educational Film
Social guidance film
Travel documentary
Notes
References
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 24, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures and Filmstrips 1970 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 25, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures and Filmstrips 1971 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 27, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures 1973 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 28, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures 1974 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 29, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures 1975 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 30, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures 1976 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 31, Parts 12-13, Number 1: Motion Pictures 1977 Library of Congress
Catalog of Copyright Entries: Fourth Series Volume 31, Part 4: Motion Pictures & Filmstrips 1980 Library of Congress
Educational Film Guide 1959 Annual Supplement 1959 H. W. Wilson Company
Motion Pictures 1940-1949 Catalog of Copyright Entries 1953 Library of Congress
Motion Pictures 1950-1959 Catalog of Copyright Entries 1960 Library of Congress
Motion Pictures 1960-1969 Catalog of Copyright Entries 1971 Library of Congress
External links
imdb.com list
OCLC WorldCat search for Centron titles
profile of filmmaker Karl Maslowski
RiffTrax treatment of Shake Hands with Danger on official YouTube channel
Film production companies of the United States
Non-theatrical film production companies
Educational films
1994 disestablishments in the United States
1947 establishments in the United States
Mystery Science Theater 3000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centron%20Corporation |
In the siege of Jadotville in September 1961, part of the Congo Crisis, a small contingent of the Irish Army's 35th Battalion, designated "A" Company, serving as part of the United Nations Operation in the Congo (Opération des Nations Unies au Congo, ONUC) were besieged in the mining town of Jadotville (modern-day Likasi) by Katangese forces loyal to the secessionist State of Katanga. The siege took place during the seven-day escalation of a stand-off between ONUC and Katangese forces during Operation Morthor. Although the contingent of 155 Irish soldiers repelled attacks by a 3,000-man Katangese force for five days while an undersized relief force of Irish, Indian and Swedish troops attempted to reach them, they were eventually forced to surrender having run out of ammunition and water. "A" Company was subsequently held as prisoners of war for approximately one month. The Irish forces inflicted approximately 1,300 casualties (including up to 300 killed) on the Congolese force, with no deaths amongst "A" Company.
Background
On Wednesday 13 September 1961, United Nations forces in Katanga launched a military offensive, that was code-named Operation Morthor, against mercenary military units serving the State of Katanga, which had seceded from Congo-Léopoldville in July 1960. According to its mandate, the United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) forces were to remain impartial in the conflict. But the Katangese political leadership believed the UN had broken its mandate and its forces were siding with their opponent, the Congolese central government. Soon after the start of Morthor, the Katangese led a counterattack on an isolated unit of Irish UN soldiers based in the mining town of Jadotville, approximately 100 kilometers from the main UN base in Elisabethville. The Irish unit, consisting of 155 men, designated "A" Company, commanded by Commandant Pat Quinlan, were ordered to the mining town some weeks earlier to assist in the protection of its citizens; this was a result of the Belgian foreign minister calling the UN secretary-general to report that Belgian settlers and the local population feared for their safety.
Due to anti-UN and pro-Katangese elements, the troops were not universally welcomed. Two previous companies of ONUC peacekeepers — one Swedish and one Irish — had been withdrawn from Jadotville in the days prior to "A" Company's arrival. While it is not clear why the Katangese wanted to isolate the Irish UN troops, some commentators have suggested that the goal may have been to take the Irish as prisoners for leverage in negotiations with the UN.
Battle
At 07:40 on the morning of Wednesday 13 September 1961, the Katangese attacked while many of the UN Irish troops of A Company were attending an open-air mass. Expecting to take the men off guard, the first attackers moved in rapidly but were spotted by an Irish sentry. A warning shot by Private Billy Ready alerted the company to the threat (Ready was wounded in a later exchange of fire).
The paramilitary Katangese Gendarmerie, which was a combined force of mercenaries, Belgian settlers and local tribesmen, attacked the Irish. The attackers had a strength of 3,000–5,000 men, mostly Katangese and settlers, but with many Belgian, French and Rhodesian mercenaries armed with a mix of weapons and could call on limited air support from a Fouga Magister trainer-light ground attack jet fitted with a pair of underwing bombs and twin 7.5 mm machine guns. The aircraft attacked several times. The Irish soldiers were armed with personal weapons, a number of water-cooled Vickers machine guns, 60mm mortars and two Irish-built Ford Mark VI armoured cars.
The Katangese attacked in waves of 600 or so, preceded by bombardment from 81 mm mortars and a French 75mm field gun. The Irish Support Platoon of A Company knocked out most of the Katangese mortar and artillery positions, including the 75mm gun, with counter-battery fire from 60mm mortars. The fire from the UN Irish positions proved accurate and effective. Mercenary officers were reportedly observed shooting native gendarmes to stem the rout caused in Katangese lines.
The 500 Irish and Swedish UN troops based in Kamina, and Indian army Gurkhas (seemingly 3rd Battalion, 1 Gorkha Rifles) made several attempts to relieve the besieged Irish soldiers. The supporting force of mercenaries, many of them French, German, Belgian and South African, of whom almost all were veterans of the Algerian War, beat back these efforts. They had been brought in by Moïse Tshombe, Katanga's premier, whose secessionist government had been supported by Belgium.
Attempting to reach the besieged A Company, the relief column was stymied in a series of battles at a pinch point called the Lufira Bridge. It carried the Jadotville-to-Elisabethville Highway across the Lufira River. The Katangese forces dug in here and brought heavy and sustained ground and air fire onto the relief column, killing three Indian UN troops, injuring a number of Irish UN troops and ultimately forcing the column off the bridge.
A number of days later, the besieged Irish radioed to their headquarters: "We will hold out until our last bullet is spent. Could do with some whiskey". The Katangese asked Quinlan for a cease-fire, as their own forces had been seriously diminished. By this time their effective strength may have been reduced to 2,000 men. Quinlan agreed. A Company, 35th Battalion, suffered five wounded in action during the siege. The Katangese suffered up to 300 killed, including 30 mercenaries and an indeterminate number of wounded, with figures ranging from 300 to 1,000.
At one stage in the conflict, a mission to bring in water by air was successful, but due to the use of contaminated containers (previously used to store petrol), the water was largely undrinkable. Quinlan lacked any clear direction or communication from his superiors, and the Katangese gradually infringed on the cease-fire agreement to undermine "A" Company's position. With his position untenable, without any clear orders or promise of assistance, having run out of ammunition and food and low on water, Quinlan accepted the second offer to surrender to the Katangese on the afternoon of Sunday 17 September. The Irish soldiers were held as hostages for approximately one month, in an effort to extort terms of ceasefire that were embarrassing to the United Nations. The Katangese and their mercenary allies bartered the Irish soldiers for prisoners in the custody of the Congolese government of Joseph Kasa-Vubu. After being released, the troops were returned to their base in Elisabethville. Some weeks later, however, "A" Company found itself involved in active combat again, this time with the support of Swedish UN troops. Eventually, they were reinforced with fresh troops from Ireland (their replacement was the 36th Battalion). After weeks of fighting and their six-month tour of duty now complete, "A" Company was rotated out of the battle zone and were home in Ireland that December.
Aftermath
In January 1963, UNOC'S Operation Grandslam decisively defeated the forces of the self proclaimed State of Katanga, reintegrating the region into the Congo, while "President" Tshombe fled the country. The various failures of the UNOC mission during 1961, including the assassination of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and the death toll of Operation Morthor, led elements of the UN to downplay attention to the Siege of Jadotville.
Until the early 21st century, the Irish state did not give much recognition to the battle of Jadotville either. The term "Jadotville Jack" was sometimes applied as a term of derision about the Irish Defence Forces. After the incident no Irish soldier received any decoration for his actions at Jadotville, although Quinlan recommended a number of his men for the Military Medal for Gallantry (MMG), Ireland's highest award for military valour, for their actions during the battle. In 2016 the Irish government awarded a Presidential Unit Citation to "A" Company, the first in the State's history.
Although "A" Company, 35th Battalion had tactically defeated a larger enemy force at Jadotville, the Irish Defence Forces' leadership did not overtly acknowledge the battle. There may have been perceived shame that "A" Company had surrendered, or because of political and strategic errors demonstrated at higher levels.
According to RTÉ, "Commandant Quinlan's action is cited in military textbooks worldwide as the best example of the use of the so-called perimeter defence".
The veterans of Jadotville were dissatisfied that the Defence Forces refused to acknowledge the battle and that there was an implied black mark on the reputation of their commander. A number of Irish soldiers, who had been involved in the siege, reputedly took their own lives in later years. Quinlan, who died in 1997, had his public reputation restored nine years after his death. John Gorman, a retired soldier who had been a 17-year-old private during the fight, campaigned to have the Battle of Jadotville recognised. In 2004 Irish Minister for Defence Willie O'Dea agreed to hold a full review of the battle. A Defence Forces inquiry cleared Quinlan and "A" Company of allegations of soldierly misconduct. A commemorative stone recognising the soldiers of "A" Company was erected on the grounds of Custume Barracks in Athlone in 2005. A commissioned portrait of Quinlan was installed in the Congo Room of the Irish Defence Forces' UN School.
In October 2017 a plaque commemorating Quinlan was unveiled in his native County Kerry, by former Taoiseach Enda Kenny. The decision of the state to honour the soldiers of Jadotville or their next of kin was one of the last decisions taken by Enda Kenny before he retired as Taoiseach in June 2017. They were presented with special medals in Athlone on 2 December 2017.
In popular culture
Declan Power's history, The Siege at Jadotville: The Irish Army's Forgotten Battle (2005), was adapted as the film, The Siege of Jadotville (2016). The cast includes Jamie Dornan and Mark Strong, and the movie had a "well received" premiere at the 2016 Galway Film Festival. It had a limited cinematic release in September 2016, and worldwide release on Netflix, on 7 October 2016. A radio documentary on the siege was broadcast on RTÉ Radio 1 in 2004.
Footnotes
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
Erik Kennes, Miles Larmer, The Katangese Gendarmes and War in Central Africa: Fighting Their Way Home, Indiana University Press, 2016
External links
Battle of Jadotville Anniversary, exhibition of contemporary documents from the Irish Military Archives
Conflicts in 1961
Sieges involving Ireland
Sieges involving Sweden
Military operations involving India
1960s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mercenary warfare
United Nations operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Likasi
Congo Crisis
State of Katanga
September 1961 events in Africa
20th-century sieges
Military history of the Republic of Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Jadotville |
Terwilliger Hot Springs, also known as Cougar Hot Springs, are geothermal pools in the Willamette National Forest in the U.S. state of Oregon, east of Eugene. The springs drain into Rider Creek, which in turn drains into Cougar Reservoir. They are about a quarter mile from Forest Service Road 19, also known as Aufderheide Memorial Drive.
Description
Visitors over the years built up four soaking pools out of river stones. The pools' sizes range from across and deep. The water source is above the topmost pool where the spring flows from a rock face at approximately , the lowest pool is . The pools are on a hillside and cascade from one to the next so that each pool step lower is cooler than the one above it. The bottoms of the soaking pools are exposed bedrock and gravel, sand and debris.
Access to the springs is subject to a fee. Since 2012, the rates have been $10 per person per day or $60 per person for a seasonal pass to visit. Clothing in the bathing areas is optional, however nudity is not permitted within viewing distance from the Aufderheide Scenic Byway (Forest Road 19). Pets are not allowed at the pools, but there is a designated area before the pools where pets can be tied up. The springs are open for day use only, and alcohol is not permitted on site.
History
Prior to the arrival of settlers, the hot springs may have been used by the local indigenous peoples. In the 1860s, Hiram Terwilliger founded the site to be used for mineral water baleanotheraputic purposes after originally filing for a cinnabar mining claim. He approached the Forest Service to file for mineral rights but his request was denied. In the 1960s the roads in the area were paved which allowed for greater access to the areas, and consequently they became popular with the public between 1960 and 1990.
The pools were renovated in 2009. A group of volunteers, led by a Eugene-based stonemason, removed concrete and built pools using a natural mortar. The new walls will be more stable and easier for volunteers to clean. The renovated pools, the construction of which cost an estimated $40,000, are expected to last for generations.
On December 21, 2017 a landslide blocked the road that provides access to the hot springs from the north. The road will be closed indefinitely. At the time, southern access was blocked by winter road conditions and construction, making the hot springs inaccessible to the public.
On August 19, 2018 a fire was reported in the area near Terwilliger Hot Springs. The fire damaged the trail to the springs and the surrounding area. The hot springs were re-opened on July 1, 2019.
Incidents
By the late 90s, issues developed including loud parties during the night, theft, alcohol abuse and drug dealing, as well as vandalism and littering. The Forest Service made several studies of the site in 1978–79, and improved it by building a posted trail, prohibiting nudity along the roads, as well as camping in the parking lot. The problems continued and the site was frequented by "various cult groups, motorcycle gangs, and ex-convicts". Theft and armed robbery were reported in the parking lot. The problems improved following a 1982 study of the site by Chuck Anderson, a Forest Service worker and James L. Caswell, who was a Blue River District Ranger resulting in the area being managed by the Forest Service, the implementation of a day-use fee, with oversight by a non-profit organization, Friends of the Springs, to regulate and monitor its use. The organization provided a caretaker present to maintain trails, clean toilets, and manage a small camping area. The FOS worked with the and Forest Service to construct wooden decks around the soaking pools, and to build a caretaker's cabin. The project was successful for the first two years of operations.
In 1994, the body of a deceased young woman with a fractured skull was found near the parking lot having apparently drowned after falling. In 1996, the murder of a Harrisburg man occurred after a "transient" stole the man's motor home while travelling back to town from the hot springs. The same year a man who was camping was shot in the head during a fight about noise at the campground. In 1998, a day-use fee was implemented by the forestry service, alcohol use was banned and night use and overnight camping was prohibited within a nine-mile radius. In 2020 a woman died from a "medical event" at the hot springs while visiting with two friends. She was 25 years of age.
See also
List of hot springs in the United States
References
External links
Willamette National Forest: Terwilliger Hot Springs
Hot springs of Oregon
Bodies of water of Lane County, Oregon
Willamette National Forest | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terwilliger%20Hot%20Springs |
President Palmer may refer to either of two characters in the television series 24 who have held the office of President of the United States:
David Palmer, who was running for election in season 1 and is President in seasons 2–3. He was a recurring character in seasons 4 and 5
Wayne Palmer, David Palmer's brother. Acted as President's Chief of Staff during season 3. He reappeared in season 5 as a recurring character and was a major character again as President in Season 6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%20Palmer |
Muhlenbergia schreberi, the nimblewill, is a grass species in the family Poaceae native to North America.
Description
The nimblewill has purple to green culms that stand erect, and its spikelets are about 2-8" long. Its panicles are greenish and contain a rachis. Each spikelet has 1-2 glumes that are 0.2 mm long and afterwards the spikelets disarticulate and fall to the ground. The florets of the nimblewill are pollinated by the wind.
Turf grass
It is considered a southern turf type lawn grass and turns brown in the winter. This makes it a lesser grass for northern climate lawns. It is shade tolerant and tends to spread aggressively once established. Because of its durability in moderately cold temperatures and invasive bug species, this grass can be used to protect certain crops in the American southeast.
Ecology
This species is eaten by the bug Stenodema vicinum, and is also eaten by cattle and other hoofed herbivores. The seeds can be distributed by sticking to animal hoofs or shoes. Nimblewill grows in light sun and partial shade, and prefer a loamy soil and moist conditions. Nimblewill is common around Illinois where it is native. The nimblewill is sometimes found around Minnesota. Some insects are known to eat nimblewill, like Hysteroneura setariae, Conocephalus brevipennis and Hymenarcys nervosa. Birds that are known to eat this plant are tree sparrows, song sparrows and turkeys.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Types of Centipede Grass
USDA Plants Database
extension.psu.edu
schreberi
Lawn grasses
Flora of Northern America
Garden plants of North America
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhlenbergia%20schreberi |
Hendrik ("Henk") van der Grift (born 25 December 1935) is a retired Dutch speed skater.
At the 1960 Winter Olympics van der Grift finished 10th on the 500 m and fell on the 1500 m. Not satisfied with training facilities in the Netherlands, he lived in Norway for a while, working as a car mechanic. The superior training facilities in Norway paid off and van der Grift won silver at the 1961 European Allround Championships behind Olympic Champion Viktor Kosichkin. This was the first Dutch medal in international championships in eight years and it made van der Grift one of the favourites for the World Allround Championships.
And van der Grift delivered: in what turned out to be his greatest year, he became the 1961 World Allround Champion in Gothenburg. On the 500 m during those championships, he finished second behind Soviet sprinter Yevgeny Grishin. He then lost many points on the 5000 m, but he overcame that deficit by winning the 1500 m. On the final distance (the 10000 m), he seemed to be losing his lead, surrendering one second each lap to Viktor Kosichkin. But van der Grift managed to skate his final two laps fast enough to retain his lead, narrowly edging out Kosichkin by a margin of just 0.162 points (equivalent to 3.24 seconds of difference on the 10000 m).
His victory made van der Grift the first Dutch World Allround Champion in more than 55 years – Coen de Koning had been the last in 1905. As a result of his victory, he was elected Dutch Sportsman of the year (a title shared with Judo giant Anton Geesink) and he received the 1961 Oscar Mathisen Award.
In 1962, van der Grift became Dutch Allround Champion, but he did not manage to successfully defend his World Champion title that year – after three of the four distances, van der Grift was in second place behind Boris Stenin, but despite Stenin's bad result on the final distance and van der Grift overtaking Stenin, van der Grift still finished second behind Kosichkin. The following season, he fell ill and ended his speed skating career.
Personal records
Van der Grift has a score of 175.960 points on the Adelskalendern.
Tournament overview
NC = No classification
DNQ = Did not qualify
source:
Medals won
Dutch records established
Note: Prior to season 1967–1968 Dutch national records would be recognized only if skated in the Netherlands
References
1935 births
Living people
Dutch male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for the Netherlands
People from Breukelen
Speed skaters at the 1960 Winter Olympics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Utrecht (province) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henk%20van%20der%20Grift |
"Long Hot Summer" is a song by English-Irish all-female pop group Girls Aloud, taken as the first single from their third studio album Chemistry (2005). The song was written by Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania, and produced by Higgins and Xenomania. "Long Hot Summer" was written for inclusion in the Disney film Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005), but plans fell through. Higgins later described the track as "a disaster record." Released in August 2005, it became Girls Aloud's first single to miss the top five on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number seven.
The music video drew inspiration from the possibility of inclusion on the Herbie soundtrack, taking place at a garage where Girls Aloud work as auto mechanics. "Long Hot Summer" was promoted through numerous live appearances and has since been performed on two of the group's concert tours. The "upbeat pop tune" received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics; some reviewers thought the song felt "flat."
The song has been covered by Taiwanese singer Amber An for her 2011 album Evil Girl, reworked in Mandarin as 惡女.
Background and composition
The song is produced in the key of D flat major. Described as an "upbeat pop tune", the song received comparisons to Bananarama. It was also called "brilliantly barmy, with its lyrics about transvestite boyfriends running down the Old Kent Road."
"Long Hot Summer" was written by Xenomania while they were in Los Angeles to meet with Disney. It was recorded for inclusion on the soundtrack to the 2005 Disney film, Herbie: Fully Loaded. The plans fell through (although the music video would take inspiration from the film). Brian Higgins has expressed his disdain with the song, saying that "chasing the soundtrack [...] disrupted us creatively. It was making us miserable. Something had to come out and that was Long Hot Summer. It was made in a panic. It was a disaster record. I can't stand it."
Release
The single was released on 22 August 2005. It was available on two CD single formats and a 12-inch vinyl. The first disc included a live track of "Love Machine", recorded at the Hammersmith Apollo during Girls Aloud's What Will the Neighbours Say...? Tour. The second disc featured a recording of "Real Life", as well as the Benitez Beats remix of "Long Hot Summer". Each member of Girls Aloud created their own cocktail recipe to complement the cover art of the second CD. Meanwhile, the 12-inch included the Tony Lamezma Rides Again remix of the single as well as the Almighty Remix of "Jump". A live version of "Long Hot Summer" from G-A-Y with altered lyrics was released as an iTunes exclusive.
Reception
Critical response
The song received mixed reviews from most music critics. Although the song was called a "well-produced, upbeat pop tune, with a great hook in the chorus" by The Sentinel, most reviewers felt otherwise. Stylus Magazine said that the song was "a misstep, fizzy and sparkling, but if pop can only be described as such, then it goes flat long before October rolled on." Alexis Kirke of musicOMH noted, "The Girls' songwriters, Brian Higgins and Miranda Cooper of Xenomania, suffer from the weaknesses of their strength - which is the courage to try something "pop-new" each time." John Murphy of musicOMH later praised the song in his review of Chemistry that the song "seemed to be greeted with disappointment by GA aficionados, but with its lyrics about cross dressing boyfriends running down the Old Kent Road with their pants on fire, it sounds beautifully, brilliantly insane here. It's also the only summer record that sounds just as good on a wet windy night in November as it does in August." "Long Hot Summer" was described as "effervescent but relatively unexciting" by Virgin Media.
Chart performance
"Long Hot Summer" debuted and peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart, making it Girls Aloud's first single to miss the top five after a string of eight top five hits. The single fell seven places to number fourteen in its second week on the chart. The song spent only eight weeks in the UK's top 75. "Long Hot Summer" peaked at number sixteen on the Irish Singles Chart, making it their first single to miss the top ten. It slipped to number twenty in its second week. Overall, the single spent just seven weeks in Ireland's top fifty.
Music video
The music video for "Long Hot Summer" was directed by Max & Dania. It was influenced by Herbie: Fully Loaded, even though the song never actually made the film's soundtrack. The video opens with scenes of the band members wearing coveralls, working in a garage called Pit Stop. "GA Auto" is written in pink on their coveralls, the walls and a calendar. In accordance with the song's title, it is a hot day so the girls are attempting to cool themselves as they work. Each girl takes off her coveralls to reveal a skimpy clubbing outfit, and the girls proceed to do a dance routine as the song concludes.
In a review of the single, musicOMH referenced the video. Alexis Kirke wrote, "half of the Girls Aloud phenomenon is about these ladies "forms", so I'm "content" to merge this piece of media into its stylist-driven and over-thinned orange-tinted video." The video can be found on the DVD release of 2005's What Will the Neighbours Say? Live, as well as 2007's Style.
Live performances
"Long Hot Summer" was performed live for the first time on CD:UK on 24 July 2005, using fans in their dance routine. They returned to the show the following month and performed the single the weekend ahead of its release, accompanied by a Jeep as a prop. They also performed the song on shows such as GMTV, Ministry of Mayhem, Pepsi Max Downloaded, Smile, Top of the Pops, and Top of the Pops Reloaded. Girls Aloud also performed at London gay nightclub G-A-Y to promote the release of "Long Hot Summer". They also appeared at the summer open-air concerts Big Gay Out, Live on the Lawn, and pop2thepark.
Girls Aloud performed "Long Hot Summer" on 2006's Chemistry Tour and 2007's The Greatest Hits Tour.
Track listings
UK CD1
"Long Hot Summer" – 3:52
"Love Machine" (live at Hammersmith Apollo) – 4:55
UK CD2
"Long Hot Summer" – 3:52
"Long Hot Summer" (Benitez Beats) – 5:12
"Real Life" (live at Hammersmith Apollo) – 3:52
"Long Hot Summer" (video) – 3:59
"Long Hot Summer" (karaoke video) – 3:59
"Long Hot Summer" (game)
"Long Hot Summer" (ringtone)
UK 12-inch
"Long Hot Summer" (radio edit) – 3:52
"Long Hot Summer" (Tony Lamezma Rides Again) – 7:12
"Jump" (Almighty Remix) – 7:34
UK iTunes exclusive download
"Long Hot Summer" (live at G-A-Y) – 3:52
Credits and personnel
Bass guitar: Shawn Lee
Keyboards: Brian Higgins, Tim "Rolf" Larcombe
Mastering: Dick Beetham for 360 Mastering
Mixing: Jeremy Wheatley
Production: Brian Higgins, Xenomania
Programming: Tim "Rolf" Larcombe
Songwriting: Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins, Tim "Rolf" Larcombe, Shawn Lee, Lisa Cowling, Giselle Sommerville, Myra Boyle
Vocals: Girls Aloud
Published by Warner/Chappell Music and Xenomania Music
Charts
References
2005 singles
Girls Aloud songs
Song recordings produced by Xenomania
Songs written by Brian Higgins (producer)
Songs written by Miranda Cooper
Songs written by Lisa Cowling
Songs written by Shawn Lee (musician)
Songs written by Giselle Sommerville | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Hot%20Summer%20%28Girls%20Aloud%20song%29 |
or hidden people are elves in Icelandic and Faroese folklore. They are supernatural beings that live in nature. They look and behave similarly to humans, but live in a parallel world. They can make themselves visible at will. cites a 19th-century Icelandic source claiming that the only visible difference between normal people and outwardly human-appearing is, the latter have a convex rather than concave philtrum below their noses.
In Faroese folk tales, hidden people are said to be "large in build, their clothes are all grey, and their hair black. Their dwellings are in mounds, and they are also called Elves."
Some Icelandic folk tales caution against throwing stones, as it may hit the hidden people.
The term was taken as a synonym of (elves) in 19th-century Icelandic folklore. Jón Árnason found that the terms are synonymous, except is a pejorative term. contends that originates as a euphemism to avoid calling the by their real name.
There is, however, some evidence that the two terms have come to be taken as referring to two distinct sets of supernatural beings in contemporary Iceland. Katrin Sontag found that some people do not differentiate elves from hidden people, while others do. A 2006 survey found that "54% of respondents did not distinguish between elves and hidden people, 20% did and 26% said they were not sure."
Origins
Terry Gunnell writes: "different beliefs could have lived side by side in multicultural settlement Iceland before they gradually blended into the latter-day Icelandic and ." He also writes: " and undoubtedly arose from the same need. The Norse settlers had the , the Irish slaves had the hill fairies or the Good People. Over time, they became two different beings, but really they are two different sets of folklore that mean the same thing."
Precursors to elves/hidden people can be found in the writings of and in skaldic verse. Elves were also mentioned in Poetic Edda, and appear to be connected to fertility.
The Christianization of Iceland in the 11th century brought with it new religious concepts. According to one Christian folk tale, the origins of the hidden people can be traced to Adam and Eve. Eve hid her dirty, unwashed children from God, and lied about their existence. God then declared: "What man hides from God, God will hide from man." Other Christian folktales claim that hidden people originate from Lilith, or are fallen angels condemned to live between heaven and hell.
In succession of Christianization, official opposition to dancing may have begun in Iceland as early as the 12th century, and the association of dancing with elves can be seen as early as the 15th century. One folktale shows the elves siding with the common people and taking revenge on a sheriff who banned dance parties. concludes that these legends "show that Icelanders missed dancing".
In the 13th and 14th centuries, books from mainland Europe reached Iceland, and may have influenced folktales about elves.
writes: "Round about 1600 sources for hidden folk become so voluminous that we can readily define the beliefs and legends about them, and after that there is one source after another about them right down into the twentieth century." According to Árni Björnsson, belief in hidden people grew during the 17th and 18th centuries when Iceland was facing tough times.
Holidays
There are four Icelandic holidays considered to have a special connection with hidden people: New Year's Eve, Thirteenth Night (January 6), Midsummer Night and Christmas night. Elf bonfires () are a common part of the holiday festivities on Twelfth Night (January 6). There are many Icelandic folktales about elves and hidden people invading Icelandic farmhouses during Christmas and holding wild parties. It is customary in Iceland to clean the house before Christmas, and to leave food for the on Christmas. On New Year's Eve, it is believed that the elves move to new locations, and Icelanders leave candles to help them find their way. On Midsummer Night, folklore states that if you sit at a crossroads, elves will attempt to seduce you with food and gifts; there are grave consequences for being seduced by their offers, but great rewards for resisting.
Icelandic and Faroese folklore
Several scholars have commented on the connections between hidden people and the Icelandic natural environment. B.S. Benedikz, in his discussion of Jón Árnason's grouping of folktales about elves, water-dwellers, and trolls together, writes: "The reason is of course perfectly clear. When one's life is conditioned by a landscape dominated by rocks twisted by volcanic action, wind and water into ferocious and alarming shapes... the imagination fastens on these natural phenomena."
Ólina Thorvarðardóttir writes: "Oral tales concerning Icelandic elves and trolls no doubt served as warning fables. They prevented many children from wandering away from human habitations, taught Iceland's topographical history, and instilled fear and respect for the harsh powers of nature."
Michael Strmiska writes: "The are... not so much supernatural as ultranatural, representing not an overcoming of nature in the hope of a better deal beyond but a deep reverence for the land and the mysterious powers able to cause fertility or famine." claims that in a landscape filled with earthquakes, avalanches, and volcanoes, "it is no wonder that the native people have assigned some secret life to the landscape. There had to be some unseen powers behind such unpredictability, such cruelty." Alan Boucher writes: "Thus the Icelander's ambivalent attitude towards nature, the enemy and the provider, is clearly expressed in these stories, which preserve a good deal of popular—and in some cases probably pre-christian—belief."
Robert Anderson writes that syncretism "is active in Iceland where Christianity, spiritism, and Icelandic elf lore have syncretized in at least a couple instances."
Terry Gunnell notes that hidden people legends recorded in the 18th and 19th centuries showed them to be "near mirror-images of those humans who told stories about them—except they were beautiful, powerful, alluring, and free from care, while the Icelanders were often starving and struggling for existence. The seem in many ways to represent the Icelander's dreams of a more perfect and happy existence." Anthropologist claimed that hidden people tales told by 19th-century Icelandic women were a reflection of how only 47% of women were married, and "sisters often found themselves relegated to very different functions and levels of status in society... the vast majority of Icelandic girls were shunted into supporting roles in the household." He goes on to say that these stories justified the differences in role and status between sisters, and "inculcated in young girls the... stoic adage never to despair, which was a psychological preparedness many would need as they found themselves reduced in status and denied the proper outlet for their sexuality in marriage, thereby sometimes having to rely on infanticide to take care of the unsolicited and insupportable effects of their occasional amours, an element... related in stories."
contends that the hidden people symbolize idealized Icelandic identity and society, the key elements of which are seeing the "past as a source of pride and nature as unique and pure."
Hidden people often appear in the dreams of Icelanders. They are usually described as wearing 19th-century Icelandic clothing, and are often described as wearing green.
In one version of modern Faroese folklore, the hidden people vanished in the 1950s when electricity was brought to the island.
Contemporary Iceland
A survey of Icelanders born between 1870 and 1920 found that people did not generally believe in hidden people and that when they had learned about supernatural beings in their youth, those lessons had mostly been made for amusement. About 10% seemed to actually believe in hidden people. A survey from 1974 showed that among those born between 1904 and 1944, 7% were certain of the existence of hidden people.
Several modern surveys have been made showing a surprising number of believers. Around 7–8% claim to be certain that elves exist, and around 45% claim it is likely or possible.
These surveys have been criticized as being misrepresentative, as journalists have claimed that they show that a majority of Icelanders believe in elves, despite belief not being that serious. Folklore professor Terry Gunnell has said: "Very few will say immediately that they 'believe' in such, but they won't deny it either." Different ways of asking could elicit very different responses.
Árni Björnsson claims the beliefs are simplified and exaggerated for the entertainment of children and tourists, and that it is a somewhat misrepresentative yet harmless trick used by the tourism industry to entice visitors. The stories of elves may have been fun tales rather than beliefs.
Tourism
The Icelandic Elf School in organizes five-hour-long educational excursions for visitors.
offers a "Hidden Worlds tour", a guided walk of about 90 minutes. It includes a stroll through Park, where the paths wind through a lava field planted with tall trees and potted bonsai trees in summer, and said to be peopled with the town's largest elf colony.
has the Icelandic Wonders museum, where "Museum guests will walk into a world of the Icelandic elves and hidden people and get a glimpse of their life."
Recent incidents
During road construction in Kópavogur in 1971, a bulldozer broke down. The driver placed the blame on elves living in a large rock. Despite locals not having been aware of any elves living in the rock, newspapers ran with the story, thus starting the myth that Icelandic road construction was often impeded by elves.
In 1982, 150 Icelanders went to the NATO base in to look for "elves who might be endangered by American Phantom jets and AWACS reconnaissance planes." In 2004, Alcoa had to have a government expert certify that their chosen building site was free of archaeological sites, including ones related to folklore, before they could build an aluminium smelter in Iceland. In 2011, elves/ were believed by some to be responsible for an incident in where rocks rained down on residential streets. In 2013, proposed road construction from the peninsula to the suburb of , was stopped because elf supporters and environmental groups protested, stating that the road would destroy the habitat of elves and local cultural beliefs.
Significant sites
(Elfin Hill), a hillock approximately 60 meters west of ()
; areas include:
Lava Park ()
Cliffs ()
near swimming pool ()
cliff ()
()
(Elf Hill Road), a street in ()
in ()
in ()
()
()
()
()
()
The attic of Gimli Public School 1915 in the New Iceland Heritage Museum, Gimli, Manitoba ()
Modern cultural references
In the 2018 musical Frozen, based on the 2013 film of the same name, the characters which were depicted in the original movie as trolls, became in the Broadway show a reference to the Huldufólk, named in the musical "the hidden folk".
Huldufólk is the title of French Nordic folk group SKÁLD's 2023 album.
See also
Domovoy
Gnome
Troll
Vittra
Notes
References
Further reading
Ármann Jakobsson. “Beware of the Elf!: A note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar,” Folklore 126 (2015), 215–23.
Icelandic folklore
Elves
European fairy tales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulduf%C3%B3lk |
Nada Como el Sol is an extended play by English musician Sting, containing five songs from his second solo album Nothing Like the Sun sung in Spanish and Portuguese and published in 1988. It therefore contains four versions sung in Spanish of the following songs Little Wing by Jimi Hendrix titled here Mariposa Libre, We'll Be Together whose title becomes Si estamos juntos, They Dance Alone translates to Ellas danzan solas (Cueca solas) and finally Fragile retitled Fragilidad, this same song performed also in Portuguese becomes Frágil. The same musicians as on the original English versions can be found on this EP.
Reception
AllMusic wrote "This was a well-done project -- the translations are good and Sting manages the Spanish and pronunciations well."
Track listing
Mariposa Libre (Jimi Hendrix, Roberto Livi) – 4:54 - Little Wing
Frágil [Portuguese] (Liluca, Sting) – 3:50 - Fragile
Si Estamos Juntos (Livi, Sting) – 4:16 - We'll be Together
Ellas Danzan Solas (Cueca Solas) (Livi, Sting) – 7:17 - They Dance Alone
Fragilidad [Spanish] (Livi, Sting) – 3:52 - Fragile
References
1988 EPs
Spanish-language EPs
Sting (musician) EPs
Portuguese-language EPs
A&M Records EPs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nada%20como%20el%20sol |
Gerhard Müller may refer to:
Theologians
Gerhard Müller (Lutheran theologian) (born 1929), German Lutheran theologian
(1940–2016), German Catholic theologian and priest
Gerhard Ludwig Müller (born 1947), German Catholic cardinal and Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Other people
Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705–1783), historian and pioneer ethnologist
Gerhard Mueller (engineer) (1835–1918), or Müller, New Zealand surveyor, engineer and land commissioner
Gerhard Müller (rower) (born c. 1930s), German rower
Gerhard Müller (geophysicist) (1940–2002), German geophysicist
See also
Gerard Muller (1861–1929), Dutch Impressionist painter
Gerd Müller (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard%20M%C3%BCller |
"Biology" is a song performed by English-Irish all-female pop group Girls Aloud, taken from their third studio album Chemistry (2005). The progressive pop song was written by Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins and Higgins' production team Xenomania, and produced by Higgins and Xenomania. Composed of distinct sections, it avoids the verse-chorus form present in most contemporary pop music. "Biology" was released as a single in November 2005, ahead of the album's release. Following the disappointment of "Long Hot Summer", "Biology" returned Girls Aloud to the top five of the UK Singles Chart and became their tenth top ten hit.
The music video, consisting only of group shots, witnesses Girls Aloud seamlessly moving through various sequences while performing disjointed choreography. "Biology" was promoted through a number of live appearances and has since been performed on all of Girls Aloud's subsequent concert tours. The song, which includes a variety of styles, received widespread acclaim from contemporary music critics. Considered one of Girls Aloud's signature songs, The Guardian referred to "Biology" as "the best pop single of the last decade".
Background and composition
"Biology" is composed of a number of distinctly different sections. The song begins with a 12/8 stanza which samples the main guitar and piano riff of the Animals 1965 song "Club a Go-Go". The tempo then changes to 4/4 and the first verse occurs, followed by two noticeably individual transitional bridges. Around two minutes into the song, the song reaches its climactic chorus before returning to the stanza heard in the introduction. The song repeats the chorus and the introduction is also used as an outro. The song avoids the typical AABA form and verse-chorus form present in most contemporary pop music.
Brian Higgins and Xenomania created "Biology" in reaction to Girls Aloud's previous single "Long Hot Summer", which Higgins called "a disaster record". Higgins continued, "I think that [Biology] is a wonderful record – so uplifting. It meant so much to us and it really set Chemistry up well." The lyric referring to "wicked games", which is mentioned in the Animals-inspired riff, was inspired by Girls Aloud almost releasing a cover of Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game" as a single.
The song's title inspired the album's title, Chemistry. Both the single and album title refer to the scientific fields of biology and chemistry.
Release
For the new single and album, Girls Aloud employed stylist Victoria Adcock. Promotion for the single received a setback when Sarah Harding was diagnosed with kidney infection. Girls Aloud also announced dates for 2006's Chemistry Tour.
The single was released on 14 November 2005. It was available on two CD single formats and as a digital download. The first disc included the Tony Lamezma Club Mix of Girls Aloud's 2004 single "The Show". The second CD format included a previously unreleased track entitled "Nobody but You", as well as the Tony Lamezma Remix of "Biology". The artwork was inspired by UK punk band X-Ray Spex's album cover Germfree Adolescents. Both covers show each member in a different pose, trapped inside a large vial. A live recording of "Biology" from Wembley Arena was featured on the iTunes version of The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits, and later on 2008's Girls A Live and Girls Aloud's singles boxset. Both the album version and Tony Lamezma Remix of "Biology" appear on Popjustice: 100% Solid Pop Music. "Biology" was released as a CD single in Australia on 20 February 2006.
Critical reception
"Biology" received universal acclaim from music critics. The song was particularly notable for its informal structure. Popjustice referred to the song as "pop music which redefines the supposed boundaries of pop music." BBC Music said "the girls rip through a variety of styles, paces and Neneh Cherry-esque raps [...] all within the same song." Virgin Media praised the song for "blending the kind of saucy cabaret you'd expect to find in a gin-soaked saloon bar with a glorious chorus of fizzing, gliding synths and deceptively breakneck beats." The song was described as "about as far from tired formula as you can possibly get. It sounds like three separate melodies condensed into one, from the Muddy Waters-apeing riff at the start, through to the glorious pop sheen of the verses, and having the sheer balls to wait two minutes before even introducing a chorus." musicOMH noted that the song "breaks all the rules of manufactured pop" and stated that "Biology is yet more proof that Xenomania write the best pop songs around and that Girls Aloud are pretty much the perfect group to sing them [...] it's the single of the year." Stylus Magazine also praised the song.
Peter Cashmore, writing for The Guardian, described "Biology" as "the best pop single of the last decade". Peter Robinson of music website Popjustice said the song was "a great example of a song which pleased people with no passion for pop but also managed to hit the spot with those who totally loved the stuff [...] At once avant garde and relentlessly, demented mainstream, 'Biology' quickly became one of Girls Aloud's signature tunes." In September 2006, "Biology" won the award for the Popjustice £20 Music Prize, an annual prize awarded by a panel of judges organised by Popjustice to the singer(s) of the best British pop single of the past year. Girls Aloud had previously won the award in 2003 and 2005 for "No Good Advice" and "Wake Me Up" respectively. The song was listed at number 245 on American review site Pitchforks "The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s" list, despite Girls Aloud never receiving any sort of Stateside push. Billboard named the song #32 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time.
Chart performance
Following the disappointing chart position of "Long Hot Summer", "Biology" saw Girls Aloud return to the top five on the UK Singles Chart. The single entered the chart at number four. The song fell just one position to round at the top five the following week. It spent a third week in the top ten, slipping to number nine. The song spent a total of ten weeks in the UK's top 75. The song also peaked at number two on the official UK Singles Downloads Chart, held off by Madonna's "Hung Up".
Similarly to the song's performance in the UK, "Biology" returned Girls Aloud to the top ten in Ireland, entering the Irish Singles Chart at number seven. It slipped just two places to number nine in its second week. The single spent three more weeks in Ireland's top twenty before falling. It spent a total of ten weeks in Ireland's top fifty. "Biology" peaked at number twenty-six in Australia, spending six weeks on the ARIA Singles Chart.
Music video
The music video for "Biology" was directed by production team Harvey & Carolyn for Alchemy Films, with art direction from Maria Chryssikos. The video, which consists only of group shots, witnesses Girls Aloud seamlessly moving through various sequences in scenes of disjointed choreography. Like the song itself, the video showcases a variety of styles. The music video begins with a curtain being drawn back to reveal the band members posed in black jazz dresses, stood against a black background decorated with expensive-looking candelabra and chandeliers. Nadine Coyle, perched upon a black grand piano, sings the jazzy intro. As the song's introduction ends, the scene then morphs into a room with white wallpaper embellished with black butterflies. Girls Aloud's outfits turn into frilly pink and purple dresses as digitised butterflies begin to float by. The scene transitions into a room with pink wallpaper and black floral patterns, while the group's outfits change into the red and black outfits seen on the single's artwork. The scene reverts to the opening sequence as Girls Aloud perform choreography involving chairs. As the song reaches its climax, the group are seen seamlessly moving between the various scenes and the different outfits. The video ends with a curtain closing.
Peter Robinson noted that the single's video captured Girls Aloud's "distinct visual style and some endearingly shambolic synchronised dance moves." The video can be found on the DVD release of 2006's Chemistry Tour (released as The Greatest Hits Live from Wembley), as well as 2007's Style.
Live performances
Girls Aloud performed "Biology" for the first time on Top of the Pops on 16 October 2005, wearing the black dresses from their music video. They appeared on CD:UK on 12 November. Following the show, Sarah Harding collapsed and was diagnosed with a kidney infection. They returned to the show just ten days later, performing in the black-and-red outfits seen on the single's artwork against the pink set from the music video. Girls Aloud also appeared on Children in Need 2005, GMTV, Ministry of Mayhem, and Top of the Pops Reloaded. They performed the song during the last ever Smash Hits Poll Winners Party at Wembley Arena. Girls Aloud performed "Biology" on a number of Australian shows during their week-long promotional trip, including 9am with David & Kim, Sunrise, and whatUwant.
"Biology" has been performed by the group at a number of summer festivals and open-air concerts, such as T4 on the Beach in 2007 and V Festival in 2006 and 2008. The song was also performed during promotion of Girls Aloud's 2006 greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits. They appeared on The Album Chart Show, Children in Need 2006, Davina, The Green Room, and the Vodafone Live Music Awards.
"Biology" has been performed at all of Girls Aloud's concert tours since its release. It served as the opening number of 2006's Chemistry Tour, following an introduction in which a mad scientist creates five women. Girls Aloud then rise from underneath the stage and perform "Biology". It served as the encore for the following year's The Greatest Hits Tour. "Biology" was performed as part of a cabaret section on 2008's Tangled Up Tour, accompanied by a swing-inspired dance break. The song was also featured in the first section of 2009's Out of Control Tour.
Track listings and formats
UK CD1 (Polydor, 9875296)
"Biology" – 3:34
"The Show" (Tony Lamezma Club Mix) – 5:46
UK CD2 and Australian CD single (Polydor, 9875297; 9876700)
"Biology" – 3:34
"Nobody but You" (Cooper, Higgins, Cowling, Jon Shave, Paul Woods) – 4:10
"Biology" (Tony Lamezma Remix) – 5:15
"Biology" (video) – 3:34
"Biology" (karaoke video) – 3:34
"Biology" (game)
The Singles Boxset (CD10)
"Biology" – 3:35
"The Show" (Tony Lamezma Club Mix) – 5:46
"Nobody but You" – 4:10
"Biology" (Tony Lamezma Remix) – 5:15
"Biology" (Benitez Beats)
"Biology" (Live from Wembley)
"Biology" (video) – 3:35
"Biology" (karaoke video) – 3:35
"Biology" (game)
Credits and personnel
Guitar: Nick Coler, Shawn Lee
Keyboards: Brian Higgins, Tim Powell
Mastering: Dick Beetham for 360 Mastering
Mixing: Tim Powell
Production: Brian Higgins, Xenomania
Programming: Brian Higgins, Tim Powell
Songwriting: Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins, Lisa Cowling, Giselle Sommerville
Vocals: Girls Aloud
Published by Warner/Chappell Music and Xenomania Music
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
Girls Aloud's official website
2005 singles
Girls Aloud songs
Song recordings produced by Xenomania
Songs written by Brian Higgins (producer)
Songs written by Miranda Cooper
2005 songs
Songs written by Lisa Cowling
Progressive pop songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology%20%28song%29 |
Lean Bear (Cheyenne name Awoninahku, 1813–1864), alternatively translated as Starving Bear, was a Cheyenne peace chief. He was a member of the Council of Forty-four, a tribal governance devoted to maintaining peace with encroaching United States settlers. Lean Bear's most notable peace deals include the Treaty of Fort Wise and a meeting with US President Abraham Lincoln. His work towards peace between his people and the American settlers in the Southern Plains was cut short when he was killed by the 1st Colorado Cavalry Regiment and violent retaliations ensued.
Personal life
Lean Bear suffered from vertigo, which commonly ran in the family. During a meeting with President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, he suffered an attack and spoke while seated in a chair. Lean Bear brushed it off as a result of him simply being too nervous to stand.
Relations
Lean Bear had a brother called Bull Bear. In 1864, Bull Bear was the leader of the Dog Soldiers, a position he would hold for many years.
Lean Bear also worked closely and served on the Council of Forty-four with fellow peace chief Black Kettle, especially in the last decade of his life.
Political life
The first known historical account of Lean Bear is from 1851. He was roughly 35 at this time. Agent Thomas Fitzpatrick was hosting a council in Fort Atkinson to convince plains tribes to attend a larger peace council at Fort Laramie later on. The Comanche, Kiowa, Apache, Arapaho, and Cheyenne people went out to meet the soldiers and each other. They feasted and traded goods. Fitzpatrick spoke with each group, and eventually convinced the Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes to attend the next peace council. The other tribes refused, wary about bringing their horses up north near tribes that were notorious for stealing horses.
The troops were beginning to leave as the council ended when Colonel Sumner arrived at Fort Atkinson on his way to New Mexico. He stayed for a few days to trade and obtain some horses from the tribes in attendance. After some time, the tribes began to freely explore both the fort and his camp, and Fitzpatrick grew nervous at the opportunities for conflict. Lean Bear, who was in attendance at the peace council, was fascinated by the rings and bracelets on the hand of Sumner's wife and grabbed to get a better look. She reacted by pulling her hand back and screaming, provoking Sumner to rush forward to beat Lean Bear. Because Cheyenne culture considers striking even a male child to be an insult, Lean Bear was incredibly indignant about the assault. He painted his face and rode around his camp announcing his plans to attack the whites, inviting his brothers to join him. Fitzpatrick initially refused to make reparations until some Kiowas and Comanches told him that the Cheyennes were getting ready to attack. A meeting was later arranged for Colonel Sumner to present Lean Bear with a blanket in apology, which he accepted.
Council of Forty-Four
Lean Bear was chosen to join the Council of Forty-four by past chiefs, as the council chose its own successors. The council worked to sway their people towards a preference for peace with the Americans. Once named a chief of the council, one would have to give up membership in the war societies that new chiefs often came from. These efforts contrasted with the increasingly vocal Dog Soldiers, bands of Cheyennes who held a longstanding opposition to white settlement and did not wait to cooperate and make peace. They stole livestock and fought with troops and settlers. The Dog Soldiers were exiled for their behavior and deemed renegades, operating independently of the tribe. Nonetheless, their provocative nature caused a lot of trouble for the peace-seeking Cheyennes.
Treaty of Fort Wise
On October 1857, Chief Lean Bear and three other Cheyenne chiefs approached William Bent with concern about attacks on his people by Sumner's troops along the Republican River. Bent then sent a letter to Washington, D.C., on their behalf, stating that the Cheyenne chiefs would like to speak with someone from the government. The response came in 1860, when Commissioner A.B. Greenwood met the chiefs at Fort Wise. Chief Lean Bear was one of the principal signers in the Treaty of Fort Wise in 1861. This treaty was made with Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs, cutting roughly 40 million acres of land from their territory.
There were mixed responses to the deal, including scorn from the Dog Soldiers, because only six Cheyenne chiefs were present to sign the treaty, when all forty-four are typically needed when treaties and alliances are being made. The deal was made in an attempt to keep peace as pioneers spread near Indian territory, but the land reduction and the continued encroachment by white settlers only heightened tensions. The Cheyennes were not ready to forced into the confines of the small reserve, where there were not many buffalo, allocated for them in the treaty.
Meeting in Washington, D.C.
On March 27, 1863, a delegation of fourteen chiefs of Plains tribes, including Lean Bear, War Bonnet and Standing-in-Water of the Cheyennes, and two Kiowa women met with President Abraham Lincoln in the East room of the White House. The meeting was called after skirmishes with Native tribes and white settlers created fear that Southern Plains tribes would side with the Confederacy. Lincoln was hoping to persuade Native Nations to either ally with the Union, or pledge neutrality.
Lincoln welcomed the chiefs, explaining that white Americans had conquered an expansive population, territory, and wealth that white Americans had gained. Lean Bear implored the president to stop his white Americans from being violent so that Indians and whites alike could travel across the plains without risk. Lincoln told the chiefs that their Native people were naturally more tempted to violence. He further explained that in order to survive and be prosperous, the Native Americans would have to adopt methods of cultivating the land that were more similar to the way of the whites. Lincoln also requested that the southern Plains Indians remain neutral in the American Civil War, ready to provide peace medals to those that he could reach an agreement with. The chiefs complied, promising to uphold peace treaties and not align with the Confederacy. Lean Bear then made a request to the president to expedite his and the other chiefs' journey home.
Murder of Lean Bear
On May 16, 1864, less than 15 months after meeting Lincoln in Washington, Lean Bear, Black Kettle, and others in the tribe were camping on their buffalo hunting grounds near Ash Creek. The 1st Colorado Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant George Eayre, approached the group. Although there had been a fight around a month previous involving Cheyenne Dog Soldiers at Fremont's Orchard, Lean Bear was confident that the violence wouldn't be associated with his peaceful tribe and was not concerned as the soldiers got closer. Positive that this would be a peaceful encounter, Lean Bear went alone to meet the militia to show his peaceful intentions. On his chest, Lean Bear proudly wore his peace medal that he had received on his trip to Washington D.C. in 1863. In his hand, he held an official document signed by President Lincoln stating that he was peaceful and friendly with whites. What Lean Bear did not realize was that Eayre's troops were operating under orders from Colonel John M. Chivington to "kill Cheyennes whenever and wherever found." Eayre ordered his men to shoot Lean Bear, who was wounded and fell off his horse. He was then shot repeatedly by the soldiers as they rode past his body on the ground.
The troops rode on to attack other Cheyennes at the camp, killing at least one more warrior and wounding many others at the camp. Cheyenne warriors armed themselves and mounted their horses, ready to retaliate. Black Kettle rode out to de-escalate the situation, stopping any further violence, and the American troops retreated to Fort Larned.
Aftermath of the killing
Rising tensions caused by the death of Lean Bear, along with Eayre's other Indian camp raids, is heavily attributed to the Sand Creek Massacre that occurred six months later. Lean Bear's brother, Bull Bear, was livid after the killing and felt compelled to violence against the white men, a desire he had never felt before. Bull Bear remarked that his brother had died while trying to keep peace with the settlers, and he expected to die in the same way. He called for war but was shot down at a meeting with Wynkoop, the Fort Lyon Commander, on September 10, 1864. Despite Black Kettle's best efforts to keep the peace, attacks by Native warriors in the Southern Plains skyrocketed as the vengeful tribes burned ranches and trails, kidnapping settlers and their livestock. Over time, the Dog Soldiers' popularity rose, and they overrode Black Kettle's efforts to resist war. The Governor of Colorado issued a proclamation giving each citizen permission and encouragement to retaliate by killing any Indians and seek compensation for stolen property.
Legacy
There are no confirmed images of Lean Bear. There are only images and paintings of the full room in 1863 when the delegation went to meet president Lincoln. There are many differing accounts on the identities of each chief in the image. In common usage by sources about Lean Bear is an image of a Cheyenne peace chief who is typically believed to be Lean Bear.
Parts of Lean Bear's life are described in the book of folklore, By Cheyenne Campfires, compiled by George Bird Grinnell.
Notes
References
Ricky, Donald B. "Indians of Nebraska. Somerset Publishers, 2007. .
1813 births
1864 deaths
1864 murders in the United States
19th-century Native Americans
Cheyenne people
Pre-statehood history of Nebraska
Native American leaders
People from Nebraska
Deaths by firearm in Colorado
People murdered in Colorado
Murdered Native American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean%20Bear |
Holmeswood is a small agricultural village in West Lancashire, in the north-west of England. It lies just north of the Martin Mere Wetland Centre and to the south of North Meols about six miles east of the Irish Sea coast at Southport.
The village's position on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain lends it very fertile soil; unsurprisingly, agriculture (primarily of vegetables, though also some grain) is the economic mainstay of the village. Some smaller-scale pastoral farming is also seen, too.
In contrast to the more northerly villages around Banks, Holmeswood has remained largely undeveloped, although it is conveniently placed for commuting to the nearby towns of Southport, Preston, Burscough and Ormskirk. For local matters, the village falls under Rufford Parish Council.
The village lies almost wholly on the B5246, which runs from Mere Brow to Rufford.
As befits an agricultural village of its size, Holmeswood has a small village hall (now home to the village nursery school), Methodist primary school and a bowling and tennis club.
Geography
Architecture
Holmeswood Hall stands among the dark woods between the villages of Mere Brow and Holmeswood. Thomas Hesketh, son of Nicholas Hesketh, was born at Holmeswood Hall in 1406. The present Holmeswood Hall was built in 1568 which is the date given on the 1847 Ordnance Survey map at Lancashire Records Office. This makes the building a grade II listed building.
The Hesketh family being the owners of Rufford Old Hall, re-built the present hall as a hunting lodge.
The rise or 'brow' in approaching the hall is the ancient bank of Martin Mere. It can be seen today as a wood between Mere Brow and the hall itself the road is the ridge of the bank.
References
External links
Parish of Rufford with Holmeswood community website
http://www.holmeswood.freeuk.com/
Villages in Lancashire
Rufford, Lancashire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmeswood |
Visborg (Wisborg) refers to a fortress in the town of Visby on the Swedish island of Gotland. Successive fortresses were built in Visby (borg means fortress or castle), though Visborg is usually in reference to the castle built here by King Eric of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
History
Duke Eric (son of King Magnus III of Sweden) appears to be the first to construct a fortress in the southwest corner of Visby in 1310 as part of a struggle between his brothers for control over the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway as well as Danish claims on Gotland; this brings Gotland under Norwegian control. King Magnus IV, son of Duke Eric, then ruled Norway and Sweden. In 1356, King Magnus gave control of Norway to his son, King Haakon VI Magnusson, though Magnus still remains as King of Sweden.
In July 1361, Danish forces under King Valdemar Atterdag landed in Gotland. On 27 July, Visby was seized and at least 2,000 peasants were killed.
In 1362, Swedish nobles led a revolt and declared Haakon as King of Sweden.
The following year is defining for the future of Scandinavia. In 1363, Haakon and Magnus reconcile and Haakon marries Margaret (Queen Margaret I of Denmark), the daughter of Valdemar; father and son agree to share the throne of Sweden. The nobles again rise up and offer the crown to Magnus's nephew Duke Albert of Mecklenburg.
In 1375, King Valdemar of Denmark dies and Margaret ensures that her and Haakon's infant son, Olaf (Olav) is named heir to the throne. Only five years later, in 1380 her husband Haakon, King of Norway, dies making Olaf heir apparent to both thrones of Norway and Denmark upon his becoming of age; until that time his mother acts as Queen Regent to both nations. However, in 1387
Olaf dies, and Margaret becomes ruler of Denmark and Norway.
In 1388, King Albert is driven from Sweden for Margaret to assume the throne. After a failed counter-assault by Albert in 1389, Albert and his son are taken prisoner. Margaret is named ruler of Sweden which angers the Mecklenburg Dukes. This marks the formation of the Kalmar Union that unifies the three crowns.
In an attempt to destabilize Denmark, the Mecklenburg's hired the Victual Brothers, pirates, to disrupt trade in 1392. They used Visby on Gotland as their fortress from which they were a costly menace to all members of the Hanseatic League. In 1395, after a treaty with the Mecklenburg's, Albert is released with the understanding that he will turn Stockholm over to Margaret in three years.
Margaret and Albert give Gotland to the Teutonic Order, with the pledge that the order will remove the Victual Brothers and their fortress in Visby. Konrad von Jungingen, the Grand Master of the Order, takes the Island in 1398 and destroys Visby.
In 1397, Margaret passes rule of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to her grandnephew Eric of Pomerania. In 1408 the Teutonic Knights sell Visby to Erik. Three years later he begins construction of Visborg Castle, the most famous of the Visborg fortresses.
In 1430, the Kalmar Union begins to fall apart. King Eric initiates a number of policies that upset nobles in all three of his kingdoms. Hostilities between the king and the nobles escalate until 1439 when Eric is deposed by Karl Knutsson Bonde (later king Charles VIII of Sweden) in Sweden and by King Christopher III, Erik's nephew, in Denmark; Eric was offered the throne of Norway alone, but declined. In response he took up permanent residence in Visborg Castle, but he never relinquished his claim to the throne. Though by 1440, he had no power outside of Gotland.
Christopher reigned as sole monarch of the Kalmar Union until he died in 1448 without an heir. Swedish nobles took the opportunity to crown Karl Knuttsson as King of Sweden and Norway; and Christian I became King of Denmark. This began a long period of warfare between the kings of Denmark and Sweden over who would once again rule over the three kingdoms of the Kalmar Union. With tensions rising, Gotland became an immediate point of conflict. In 1448, Charles launched an invasion of the island and was able to secure all but Visby because of the fortifications at Visborg, still inhabited by the deposed King Eric. Eric made a deal with Christian I in 1448, because they were family, in which he agreed to cede Gotland to the Danes and renounce his claims to the throne in return for safe passage to Pomerania. Christian agreed and in 1449, a Danish army reinforced the defenses of Visborg by sneaking in under cover of darkness. As the Danes moved in the Swedes evacuated the island. As promised Eric was given safe passage to Pomerania where he ruled the Duchy of Stolp as Eric I until his death in 1459.
Despite numerous challenges, Denmark retained continuous rule of the island until a peace treaty signed in 1645 granted it to Sweden for 30 years. Denmark gained it back in 1676, but three years later Denmark signed another peace treaty with Sweden in which they agreed to return Gotland. As the Danish soldiers were leaving Visby that year, they blew up the fortress of Visborg. Some fragments of its structure still can be seen overlooking the harbor of Visby.
After the fortress
Prince Oscar of Sweden, Duke of Gotland and second in line to the Swedish throne, married without his father's permission, thereby relinquishing his right to succession and royal titles. On 2 February 1892 he was made the first Count of Wisborg by his mother's (Sophia of Nassau) brother Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg with reference to the old fortress of his former dukedom. Including Oscar there have been four such counts created, three of them Oscar's grandnephews in the 20th century, all former Swedish princes heirs who lost their Swedish titles for marrying without the King of Sweden's consent.
Trivia
Some versions of F. W. Murnau's 1922 classic horror film Nosferatu take place in Bremen, Germany. In fact the original work of Murnau was supposed to be set in Wisborg (the better restorations of the film use Wisborg, some of the worst use Bremen and Bram Stoker's names for the characters). The discrepancy results from the work being pieced together from various versions after translation in various countries. The work was filmed in Delft, the Netherlands and Slovakia, so it isn't clear why Bremen was chosen by the later inter-title makers – Bremen doesn't have a beach to explain some of the scenes in Nosferatu. That being said, Murnau's selection of Wisborg is unexplained as well. It is unclear whether he was using Wisborg since no city actually exists with the name or if he understood the relation to Visborg and the town name holds a deeper significance.
See also
Count of Wisborg
Eric of Pomerania
Gotland
Magnus IV of Sweden
Margaret I of Denmark
Visby
External links
Chronology of Swedish History, 1300–1399, 1400–1499, 1500–1599, 1600–1699 by Ken Polsson
History of Sweden, 1397–1448 by Alexander Ganse
Visby Attractions
History of Sweden, 1448–1523 by Alexander Ganse
Ruined castles in Sweden
Visby
Buildings and structures in Gotland County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visborg |
Aurea Alexandrina, in pharmacy, was a kind of opiate or antidote, in great fame among ancient writers. It is called Aurea from the gold which enters its composition, and Alexandrina as having been first invented by a physician named Nicolaus Myresus Alexandrinus. It was reputed a good preservative against the colic and apoplexy
References
Opioids
Antidotes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurea%20Alexandrina |
The Singer Bowl was the former name for a stadium in the northeastern United States, located in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in the New York City borough of Queens. It was an early example of naming rights in large venues.
History
The stadium was designed by Eggers & Higgins and intended to be a temporary structure. It opened in 1964, built by the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and was donated for use at the It was taken over by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation after the conclusion of the fair. It later hosted various Olympic trials and concerts, including the New York Rock Festival in 1968, a concert headlined by with as the opening act on August 2. Later in the month, The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Big Brother and the Holding Company (with Janis Joplin) were also part of the festival at the stadium. Two years after civil engineers judged its structure unsafe, the Singer Bowl was renovated by the Parks Department at a cost of $317,400 in 1971.
In the summer of 1972, professional boxing was held at the Singer Bowl. Some of the fighters who boxed there included heavyweight champion and future world champions Vito Antuofermo and Saoul Mamby. Other boxers of note that fought at the Singer Bowl in 1972 were Edwin Viruet, John Clohessy, Roy Edmonds, Eduardo Santiago.
Tennis
In the early 1970s, the United States Tennis Association was looking for a new place to host the U.S. Open as relations with the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, which had hosted the tournament, were breaking down. The USTA was initially unable to find a sufficient site, but the association's incoming president, W.E. Hester saw the old Singer Bowl from the window of an airplane flying into LaGuardia Airport. The long rectangular stadium was renamed the Louis Armstrong Memorial Stadium in 1973 after a famous Corona resident, jazz trumpeter Louis Armstrong.
Heavily renovated in 1977, it reopened in 1978 as two venues, Louis Armstrong Stadium, which had significantly more seating than the original stadium, and the adjacent Grandstand. Both were part of the present-day USTA National Tennis Center. When the USTA built Arthur Ashe Stadium next door in 1997, the largest tennis-only venue in the world, the seating capacity of Armstrong was reduced to be closer to its original format.
It was demolished in October 2016 as part of the Billie Jean King Tennis Center renovation.
References
Notes
Further reading
"Singer Bowl"
"Demolition of stadium"
External links
Streets You Crossed – Flushing the Bowl
Former sports venues in New York City
Boxing venues in New York City
Tennis venues in New York City
Sports venues in Queens, New York
Sports venues completed in 1964
Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
1964 establishments in New York City
2016 disestablishments in New York (state)
Sports venues demolished in 2016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer%20Bowl |
Umpqua Hot Springs are a group of geothermal springs located along the North Umpqua River in the U.S. state of Oregon at elevation.
The hot mineral water emerges from several sources to form a series of cascading pools. Eight pools are available for soaking, the larger having a solid rock bottom and the smaller pools have coarse sand bottoms. The larger is five by eight feet and , and is covered by a wooden enclosure. The upper pool is smaller but slightly warmer, measuring four by five feet and . Both pools are approximately two and a half feet deep. Umpqua is clothing optional. The hot springs are for day use only. The nearest camping is at Toketee Lake.
History
The hot springs were historically used by at least four separate indigenous tribal groups. The springs were used for spiritual and healing purposes and were considered a no-conlict zone by the tribes. "Umpqua" means "dancing water" in the local indigenous people's language.
Archaeological evidence indicates that Indigenous people settled in the Umpqua River area at least 8,000 years before the arrival of Euro-American settlers. Native groups in the area include the Southern Molalla who spoke the Molala language, who lived in the area near the headwaters of the South Umpqua River. The Kalawatset, also known as the Lower Umpqua tribe, lived on coastal lands along the Umpqua Esturary, the Smith River and from the Siltcoos River to Tenmile Creek. They spoke a variant of the language spoken by the Coos and Siuslaw tribes. The Upper Umpqua people as well as the Cow Creek Band of the Umpqua Tribe of Indians lived along the Umpqua River.
Access
Travel 0.3-mile up the steep Umpqua Hot Springs trail #1444 to a 3'x5'x2.5' soaking pool carved in the travertine. A larger soaking pool is located 150' above the North Umpqua Wild and Scenic River, and is surrounded by a wooden open-air roof structure. There is a $5.00 use-fee for using the trail. The springs may not be accessible during winter.
References
External links
Oregon Hot Springs Link
Bodies of water of Douglas County, Oregon
Hot springs of Oregon
Umpqua National Forest | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpqua%20Hot%20Springs |
"See the Day" is a song by English singer Dee C. Lee, released as a single on 21 October 1985. On 2 December it peaked at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart where it stayed for two weeks. The single sold in excess of 250,000 copies, receiving a silver certification, and became Lee's biggest hit single and her only UK top-40 hit, peaking at number three. "See the Day" also charted in Australia, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The B-side of the single, "The Paris Match", features Lee's future husband Paul Weller and his band the Style Council, of which Lee was a part-time member.
"See the Day" was covered by Girls Aloud in 2005, where it reached number nine on the UK Singles Chart.
Track listings
7-inch single
A. "See the Day"
B. "The Paris Match"
12-inch single
A1 "See the Day"
A2 "The Paris Match"
B1 "Luck" (live version)
B2 "Don't Do It Baby" (remix)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Girls Aloud version
In 2005, British all-female pop group Girls Aloud recorded a cover of "See the Day" for their third studio album Chemistry. Their version was produced by Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania. A contender for the Christmas number one, the single was released just five weeks after the group's previous single, "Biology". The single became Girls Aloud's lowest charting single at that point, but continued their string of top ten hits on the UK Singles Chart and received extensive airplay.
The music video, which had the feel of a painting, featured Girls Aloud in the scenic landscape of a snow globe. "See the Day" was promoted through numerous live appearances and was featured on 2006's Chemistry Tour. Although the track was "given a glossy 21st century refurb," contemporary music critics criticized the song for its lack of creativity and similarities to Girls Aloud's 2004 cover of "I'll Stand by You". Cheryl Cole later said she hates "See the Day" and regrets releasing it.
Background and release
Much like Girls Aloud's 2004 cover of the Pretenders' "I'll Stand by You", Brian Higgins and Xenomania felt "See the Day" needed to stick closely to the original in terms of tone. The song, described as "the obligatory Christmas ballad", was "given a glossy 21st century refurb."
The song was released on 19 December 2005 as a contender for the Christmas number one of the year. It was available on two CD single formats and as a digital download. The first disc included "It's Magic", an album track from Chemistry co-written by Girls Aloud and sung solely by Nicola Roberts. The second CD format included a previously unreleased track entitled "I Don't Really Hate You", as well as a Chemistry album medley and the Soundhouse Masterblaster Mix of "See the Day". The artwork of the second disc features Girls Aloud lying on the ground, positioned to create a snowflake.
Cheryl Cole stated in January 2008 that the song was only put out because they were stuck for ballads. "I wish we hadn't released See The Day. I absolutely hate that track, I don't think it's us at all, it's really old fashioned."
Reception
Critical response
Girls Aloud's version of "See the Day" received generally negative reviews from contemporary music critics. The cover was largely slated for its lack of creativity and similarities to their 2004 cover of The Pretenders' "I'll Stand by You" (although some critics preferred it). John Murphy of musicOMH stated that "See The Day should wipe away all memories of I'll Stand By You" and that while it's "not in the same league as the Girls' Xenomania compositions, but it's still by far the best cover version they've done." Virgin Media said that "coming so hot on the heels of the still-charting Biology and taken from an album chock-full of corking tracks, it seems more than a little cynical."
Girls Aloud won the Heart Award for "See the Day" at the O2 Silver Clef Lunch, an annual awards ceremony honouring songwriting and performance in aid of Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy. Nicola Roberts and Kimberley Walsh, members of the band, attended the awards presentation ceremony.
Chart performance
"See the Day" became Girls Aloud's lowest charting single to date when it entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine, behind other new entries by Shayne Ward and Eminem at numbers one and five respectively. The single fell just one position the following week, rounding out the top ten. It then swiftly fell down the charts, falling to number nineteen in its third week. The song spent a total of just six weeks in the UK's top 75. "See the Day" made Girls Aloud the first girl group to achieve eleven consecutive top ten singles. The song was also an airplay hit. It was, however, less successful on the official UK Download Chart, where "See the Day" debuted at number 29.
On 16 June 2006, Lucy Benjamin performed a version of "See the Day" on The X Factor: Battle of the Stars that was credited to Girls Aloud rather than Dee C. Lee. Following the final and Benjamin's victory, the single briefly re-entered the top 200.
"See the Day" entered the Irish Singles Chart at number sixteen. It fell to number seventeen the following week, before rising to number fifteen in its third week. "See the Day" reached its peak of number fourteen in its fourth week on the Irish Singles Chart. The single spent eight weeks in Ireland's top fifty.
Music video
The music video for "See the Day" was directed by Harvey & Carolyn, filmed one day after the video for "Biology" during Nicola Roberts' 20th birthday on 5 October 2005. The video starts with a stage curtain being drawn back, similar to the opening for the video for "Biology". The girls are revealed to be in a snowy realm wearing white dresses. Throughout the video, various close-up glamour shots are shown, as well as group shots of the girls standing in a line and sitting around a pond reflecting the night sky. At one point, the girls can seen within a snow globe, perched upon a human hand. The video ends with the girls seated around the pond, while the song title glitters in the sky. The curtain then closes. The video can be found on the DVD release of 2006's Chemistry Tour, as well as 2007's Style DVD.
Live performances
Girls Aloud performed "See the Day" live for the first time at Children in Need's Great Big Bid. The band appeared on Blue Peter, CD:UK (twice), Hit40UK, Ministry of Mayhem, The Paul O'Grady Show, Today with Des and Mel, Top of the Pops, and Top of the Pops Reloaded. It was also featured on 2006's Chemistry Tour. As one of the group's least favourite singles, as well as one of the worst-performing, "See the Day" has rarely been performed live since its release.
Track listings
UK CD1 (Polydor / 9875964)
"See the Day" – 4:04
"It's Magic" – 3:52
UK CD2 (Polydor / 9875965)
"See the Day" – 4:04
"I Don't Really Hate You" – 3:38
"See the Day" (Soundhouse Masterblaster Mix) – 5:02
"Chemistry Album Medley" – 3:08
"See the Day" (video) – 3:29
"See the Day" (karaoke video) – 3:29
"See the Day" (game)
"See the Day" (ringtone)
The Singles Boxset (CD11)
"See the Day" – 4:04
"It's Magic" – 3:52
"I Don't Really Hate You" – 3:38
"See the Day" (Soundhouse Masterblaster Mix) – 5:02
"Chemistry Album Medley" – 3:08
"See the Day" (video) – 3:29
"See the Day" (karaoke video) – 3:29
"See the Day" (game)
Credits and personnel
Saxophone: Ian Ritchie
Guitar: Nick Coler
Keyboards: Brian Higgins, Tim Powell, Jon Shave
Mastering: Dick Beetham for 360 Mastering
Mixing: Brian Higgins, Tim Powell
Production: Brian Higgins, Xenomania
Programming: Brian Higgins, Tim Powell
Vocals: Girls Aloud
Published by Warner/Chappell Music and Xenomania Music
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other versions
Lucy Benjamin performed a version of "See the Day" (credited to Girls Aloud rather than Dee C. Lee) on The X Factor: Battle of the Stars in 2006.
The song was recorded by British musical theatre performer Louise Dearman for her 2012 album Here Comes the Sun.
Leanne Dobinson performed a version of See the Day during her time on How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria?.
References
1985 singles
2005 singles
1980s ballads
Girls Aloud songs
Pop ballads
Song recordings produced by Xenomania
1985 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/See%20the%20Day |
The LaVern Gibson Championship Cross Country Course, in Terre Haute, Indiana was dedicated October 17, 1997. This course has the distinction of being one of the few purpose-built cross-country courses in the world. The facility is part of that comprise the Wabash Valley Family Sports Center just east of the Terre Haute International Airport. The course itself is built on a reclaimed coal mine and consists of an external loop of 3 km and four internal loops that allow for circuits of varying lengths. Indiana State University's Cross-Country team uses the Gibson Course for its home meets.
In the short history of the course, it has hosted multiple championship meets. The Gibson Course hosted the NCAA Division I Great Lakes Regional in 1998, 1999, 2001, and 2003, and Division III Regional in 2009 and 2012. The most prominent meet it has hosted has been the Men's and Women's NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships (2002, 2004-2011, 2013-2014, 2016, 2019). In 2004 it also became the host site of the state high school championship meet for Indiana, as well as the Nike Cross Nationals (NXN) Midwest Regional Meet in 2009. It has also hosted numerous invitational and conference championship meets on multiple levels since it opened.
Course records
References
External links
Official website
College cross country courses in the United States
Cross country running courses in Indiana
Indiana State Sycamores cross country courses
Sports venues in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Terre Haute, Indiana
Tourist attractions in Terre Haute, Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVern%20Gibson%20Championship%20Cross%20Country%20Course |
Darren William Bragg (born September 7, 1969) is an American former baseball outfielder who played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Seattle Mariners (–), Boston Red Sox (1996–), St. Louis Cardinals (1999), Colorado Rockies (), New York Mets (), New York Yankees (2001), Atlanta Braves (–), San Diego Padres (), and the Cincinnati Reds (2004).
Career
Bragg attended Georgia Tech, and in 1989 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the Mariners in the 22nd round of the 1991 MLB Draft.
In his career, he hit .255 with 46 home runs, 260 RBI, and 56 stolen bases.
His most notable time in the majors came after he was traded to the Boston Red Sox by the Seattle Mariners for Jamie Moyer and immediately excelled in his new environment. For the second half of 1996, Bragg started in center field, deposing Lee Tinsley, a future coach for the Seattle Mariners, Bragg's former team. He continued his strong play and started almost every day for the Red Sox throughout , despite the previous winter's signing of Shane Mack. The following year, he fell into a platoon arrangement with Darren Lewis and Damon Buford between right and center field. He was subsequently released by the Red Sox and became a notorious journeyman, receiving the most playing time with the St. Louis Cardinals and Atlanta Braves.
On November 3, , the Dayton Dragons, the Single-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds named Bragg the team's hitting coach for the season. Bragg returned to the Dragons as the development coach in 2021.
Bragg now heads a company called "The Hit Club" in Thomaston, Connecticut. There, he works with many kids and high schoolers on hitting. He also heads a company called "Thrive Sports and Fitness" in Middlebury, Connecticut.
Personal life
Bragg resides in Southbury, Connecticut, with his three children.
References
External links
Pura Pelota Venezuelan Professional Baseball League statistics
1969 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Connecticut
Boston Red Sox players
Calgary Cannons players
Caribes de Oriente players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Cincinnati Reds players
Colorado Rockies players
Columbus Clippers players
Cotuit Kettleers players
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball players
Jacksonville Suns players
Louisville Bats managers
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Nashua Pride players
New York Mets players
New York Yankees players
Norfolk Tides players
Peninsula Pilots players
Richmond Braves players
San Diego Padres players
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from Waterbury, Connecticut
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Taft School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren%20Bragg |
"Fantastic Voyage" is a song written by David Bowie and Brian Eno for the 1979 album Lodger. It has almost exactly the same chord sequence as "Boys Keep Swinging", from the same album. It has also appeared as the B-side to the "Boys Keep Swinging" and "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy" singles, and the US edition of "D.J.".
Recording
"Fantastic Voyage" was written by David Bowie and Brian Eno during the sessions for Lodger (1979); its working title was "Portrait of an Artist". Co-produced by Bowie and Tony Visconti, the backing tracks were recorded at Mountain Studios in Montreux, Switzerland in September 1978, while vocals and overdubs were completed at the Record Plant in New York City in March 1979. The sessions saw Bowie and Eno utilise techniques from Eno's Oblique Strategies cards. According to biographer Chris O'Leary, these cards were "part-fortune cookie, part-Monopoly 'Chance' cards", intended to spark creative ideas. Eno and Bowie used them previously to create some of the instrumentals for "Heroes" (1977).
Music and lyrics
Biographers have described "Fantastic Voyage" as "surprisingly delicate" and "serene" following the ominousness of Low and "Heroes" (both 1977); a thought author Peter Doggett believes implies a "less intense" record. The song shares the same chord sequence as fellow album track "Boys Keep Swinging" and features three different players playing mandolin parts; each part was triple-tracked to create a total of nine parts.
Release and reception
"Fantastic Voyage" first appeared as the B-side of Lodger lead single, "Boys Keep Swinging", issued by RCA Records on 27April 1979, It was subsequently released on Lodger on 25May 1979, sequenced as the opening track. The song was also chosen as the B-side of the "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy" single—Bowie's Christmas duet with Bing Crosby—in 1982. The song, along with the rest of its parent album, was remastered in 2017 for Parlophone's A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982) box set.
"Fantastic Voyage" was performed for the first time on stage for the A Reality Tour in 2003. Bowie said at the time that it was a song "I've always liked and I've never done, so it's rather thrilling to do." According to biographer Nicholas Pegg, "It was a good choice politically as well as aesthetically: in the global climate of the Iraq war and its aftermath, the sentiments expressed in 'Fantastic Voyage' had never seemed more appropriate." A November 2003 live performance is included on the A Reality Tour DVD, released in 2004, as well as the A Reality Tour album, released in 2010. It was one of the last songs Bowie performed live on stage before his retirement from live performances in late 2006 (alongside 1971's "Changes" and 1976's "Wild Is the Wind").
Writing for The Rolling Stone Album Guide in 2004, Rob Sheffield commented on the "razor-sharp musical corners" and "new layers of wit and generosity in the songwriting" on Lodger, highlighting "Boys Keep Swinging", "D.J." and "Fantastic Voyage". In Ultimate Classic Rock, Bryan Wawzenek considered "Boys Keep Swinging" and "Fantastic Voyage" the two best songs on the album. In a 2015 list compiling Bowie's best songs by Mojo magazine, the song was voted number 43. Following Bowie's death in January 2016, Rolling Stone named "Fantastic Voyage" one of the 30 most essential songs of Bowie's catalogue. The Guardian Alexis Petridis placed it at number 45 in a list ranking Bowie's 50 greatest songs in 2020.
Cover versions
The song was covered and translated to Hebrew by Israeli singer Noam Rotem on his debut solo album in 2004.
American indie rock band Shearwater performed a version of the song in May 2016 for The A.V. Club A.V. Undercover series, and again as part of a live performance of the entire Berlin Trilogy for WNYC in 2018
Personnel
According to Chris O'Leary:
David Bowie – lead and backing vocals, piano
Carlos Alomar – rhythm guitar
Dennis Davis – drums
George Murray – bass
Sean Mayes – piano
Simon House – mandolin
Adrian Belew – mandolin
Tony Visconti – mandolin, background vocals
Brian Eno – ambient drone
Production
David Bowie – producer
Tony Visconti – producer, engineer
References
Sources
David Bowie songs
1979 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Songs written by Brian Eno | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20Voyage%20%28David%20Bowie%20song%29 |
Darkness Visible is a phrase from Milton's poem Paradise Lost. It may refer to:
Literature
Darkness Visible (novel), a 1979 novel by British writer Sir William Golding
Darkness Visible (Hannah book), a 1952 book about Freemasonry by English clergyman Walton Hannah
Darkness Visible (memoir), a 1989 memoir by U.S. writer William Styron
Darkness Visible: A Study of Vergil's Aeneid, a 1979 monograph by the classicist W. R. Johnson
Visible Darkness, a 1959 Russian story and later book by Dmitri Bilenkin
Music
Darknesse Visible, a piece for solo piano by British composer Thomas Adès based on John Dowland's In darknesse let me dwelle
Darkness Visible, a piece for symphony orchestra by Spanish composer, Benet Casablancas, with words by Pessoa and Milton
"Darkness Visible", a song by Mumford & sons from their 2018 album Delta
Television episodes
"Darkness Visible", an episode of the fantasy television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
"Darkness Visible", an episode of the BBC thriller series Silent Witness
"Darkness Visible", an episode of the television series La Femme Nikita
Other uses
Darkness Visible, a 2017 comic series, created by Arvind Ethan David and Mike Carey
Darkness Visible, a 2017 film written and directed by Neil Biswas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness%20Visible |
"White Unicorn" is a song by Australian hard rock band Wolfmother. Written by band members Andrew Stockdale, Chris Ross and Myles Heskett, it was produced by Dave Sardy for the group's self-titled debut album in 2005. The song was also released as the second single from the album in Australia on 26 February 2006. The track reached number 33 on the Australian Singles Chart and 29 on the US Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
Background
"White Unicorn" was one of four songs originally recorded by Wolfmother for the band's self-titled debut EP in 2004, initially under "The White Unicorn". It was later re-recorded for the group's self-titled full-length debut the following year and released as the second single from the album on 26 February 2006. The song was backed with "Love Train" and music videos for "Dimension" and "Mind's Eye", all of which had been recently released on the EP Dimensions. The single debuted on the Australian Singles Chart at its peak position of number 33, remaining in the top 50 for three weeks running. Outside of Australia, it was the band's first track to register on the US Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, debuting at number 37, before spending 12 weeks on the chart and peaking at number 29.
Stylistically, "White Unicorn" has been compared to the work of Led Zeppelin by multiple commentators. Adam Webb of Dotmusic claimed that the song "forges its classic axe signature into a Led Zeppelin stomper",. In contrast, Pitchfork's Cory D. Byrom claimed that "Its opening bars recall Led Zeppelin's gentler side with clean-strummed guitar chords and Stockdale putting on his best Robert Plant". Writers for Rolling Stone and People magazines compared the song's guitar riffs to the work of Zeppelin's Jimmy Page. Sam Shepherd of musicOMH went as far as to claim that the song uses the opening chords to Led Zeppelin's "Ramble On" in its main riff. In a review for Blabbermouth.net, Keith Bergman likened the instrumental breakdown in the middle of the song to The Doors track "Riders on the Storm".
The music video for "White Unicorn" comprises footage from Wolfmother's performances at Big Day Out and Homebake festivals in 2005, edited by Kris Moyes. According to Steven Gottlieb of VideoStatic, "Most of the camera angles emanate from behind the band to convey just how big these guys are down under, while various color effects give the clip a slight psychedelic feel". Speaking about the lack of a director credit on the video, Moyes claims that "Since I was asked to do this as a favour I decided not to have a producer/director credit". Shortly after the original video's release, a "defaced version" featuring various overlaid sketches was released. The defacing was originally credited to "Bandito Bruce", a 16-year-old Wolfmother fan "with no connection to the band or label". However, Moyes later revealed that he himself had produced the version, noting that he was inspired by the work L.H.O.O.Q., a defaced reproduction of the Mona Lisa by artist Marcel Duchamp.
Reception
In reviews of Wolfmother, some critics praised "White Unicorn" as one of the album's highlights. Writing for the website PopMatters, Adrian Begrand claimed that it "emerges as the clear winner on the entire disc, neatly marrying the hippy-dippy sentiment of Robert Plant and the monstrous chords of Tony Iommi before briefly returning to the acid rock sounds of Hawkwind again". Adam Webb of Dotmusic highlighted the song as the prime example of the band's songwriting ability. At the same time,The Observer columnist Ben Thompson recommended it as one of two (alongside "Pyramid") highlights of the record. At the end of 2005, Australian radio station Triple J included "White Unicorn" at number 84 on its Hottest 100 list, the lowest position of the six Wolfmother tracks featured.
Track listing
Personnel
Andrew Stockdale – vocals, guitar
Chris Ross – bass, keyboards
Myles Heskett – drums
Dave Sardy – production, mixing
Ryan Castle – engineering
Cameron Barton – engineering assistance
Pete Martinez – engineering assistance
Andy Brohard – Pro Tools editing
Bernie Grundman – mastering
Frank Frazetta – illustration
Chart positions
References
External links
"White Unicorn" at YouTube (music video)
"White Unicorn" (defaced version) at YouTube (music video)
Wolfmother songs
2005 songs
2006 singles
Modular Recordings singles
Songs written by Andrew Stockdale
Song recordings produced by Dave Sardy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Unicorn |
Sir Tobie Matthew (also sometimes spelt Mathew; 3 October 157713 October 1655), born in Salisbury, was an English member of parliament and courtier who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a priest. He was sent to Spain to promote the proposed Spanish Match between Charles, Prince of Wales, and the Spanish Infanta, Maria Anna of Spain, for which mission he was knighted. He left England after being accused of leading Catholics in 1641 and retired to Ghent.
Life
Matthew was the son of the benefactor Frances and Tobias Matthew, then Dean of Christ Church, later Bishop of Durham, and finally Archbishop of York, by his marriage to Frances, a daughter of William Barlow, Bishop of Chichester. Matthew matriculated from Christ Church on 13 March 1589/90 and graduated MA (Oxon) on 5 July 1597. Because of his youthful extravagance, he is said to have been treated harshly by his parents. However, because of his large debts he is known to have received at different times the larg sum of £14,000. On 15 May 1599, he was admitted a member of Gray's Inn, where he began his close friendship with Francis Bacon.
Two years later, Matthew was elected as Member of Parliament for Newport, in Cornwall. During this time, he was a frequent visitor to the court of Elizabeth I. In 1604, shortly after the accession of James I, Matthew was elected again to the House of Commons, this time by St Alban's (succeeding Bacon), and joined James's court. He also received a large grant from the Crown which provided for his future.
Having always desired to travel, Matthew left England in November 1604 and travelled through France to Florence, even though he had promised his father he would not go to Italy. In Florence, he met several Roman Catholics and converted to Catholicism from Anglicanism in 1606. At that time a new persecution of "Papists" was raging in England, but Matthew was determined to return. When he arrived, he was imprisoned in the Fleet for six months and every effort was made to make him recant his conversion. In 1608, he was allowed to leave England and travelled in Flanders and Spain. In 1614, whilst in the entourage of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, he studied for the priesthood at Rome and was ordained by Cardinal Bellarmine on 20 May.
In 1617, James allowed Matthew to return to England and he stayed for some time with Bacon. During this time he wrote an introduction to the Italian translation of his friend's Essays. Matthew was exiled again from 1619 to 1622 for refusing to take the oath of allegiance, but was favourably received by James upon his return. He acted as an agent at court to promote the marriage of Charles, Prince of Wales (later Charles I) with the Spanish Infanta, Maria Anna of Spain. For promoting this cause, the ill-fated "Spanish Match", James sent Matthew to Madrid and knighted him upon his return on 20 October 1623. As a member of the immediate circle of the new queen consort, Henrietta Maria, Matthew enjoyed the same favour at court under Charles I as he had under his father. Under a charming and playful guise—he offered to prepare for Henrietta Maria the new Spanish drink of chocolate, and did so, but absent-mindedly testing it, he tasted it all up— he laboured diligently for the Roman Catholic cause there. At the time of Anne Blount, Countess of Newport's conversion to his faith (which was considered scandalous), he was falsely accused of converting her, but others had actually assisted her. Matthew absented himself from the court.
When his father died in 1628 he left all his wealth to his wife Frances and when she died in 1629 she left Tobie a single diamond ring and the rest went in a large number of cash bequests and shares to her grandchildren, nieces and nephews.
After the Civil War broke out in 1640, Matthew was again falsely accused. By now in his sixties, he left England for the last time in 1641. He took refuge with the English Jesuits at their house at Ghent. Whilst he was there he became the spiritual adviser to the Abbess, Elizabeth Knatchbull, there. He admired her and wrote her biography that was later published in 1931. He died at the English College in Ghent, and was buried there.
Whether or not Matthew himself ever became a Jesuit remains a matter of controversy to this day.
Notes
Works
Matthew translated St. Augustine's Confessions (1620), the Autobiography of St. Teresa (1623), and Father Arias's Treatise of Patience (1650). Matthew himself authored A Relation of the death of Troilo Severe, Baron of Rome (1620), A Missive of Consolation sent from Flanders to the Catholics of England (1647), A True Historical Relation of the Conversion of Sir Tobie Matthew to the Holie Catholic Faith (first published in 1904), as well as some manuscript works. His letters were edited by Dr John Donne in 1660.
References
1577 births
1655 deaths
Converts to Roman Catholicism
17th-century English Roman Catholic priests
16th-century English Roman Catholic priests
History of Catholicism in England
Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
Politicians from Salisbury
16th-century English people
English MPs 1601
English MPs 1604–1611
Members of Gray's Inn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobie%20Matthew |
EmEditor is a lightweight extensible commercial text editor for Microsoft Windows. It was developed by Yutaka Emura of Emurasoft, Inc. It includes full Unicode support, 32-bit and 64-bit builds, syntax highlighting, find and replace with regular expressions, vertical selection editing, editing of large files (up to 248 GB or 2.1 billion lines), and is extensible via plugins and scripts. The software has free trial and after that it downgrades to free version, which still can handle huge files and regex.
Features
Unicode support
EmEditor supports Unicode and provides tools for work with various character encodings. These features include automatic encoding detection, byte order mark support, file reload with a different encoding, and detection of encoding errors. EmEditor is able to use any encoding that Windows supports and converts between encodings with ease. The software searches for Unicode characters while opening Unicode file names.
Large files
EmEditor is capable of working with very large files. For large files up to 248 GB, rather than opening them in memory, EmEditor "spills them out" into disk space. For files over 248 GB, it uses its Large File Controller to edit separate sections of the file.
Plug-ins
EmEditor is extensible via plug-ins written in C/C++. The editor's API is available, so that users can write their own plug-ins.
The following plug-ins are installed with EmEditor by default:
HTMLBar
Open Documents
Outline
Projects
Search
Snippets
WebPreview
WordComplete
Word Count
An optional 32-bit plug-in for CSE HTML Validator support is also available.
Scripting macros
The program is scriptable using the Windows Script Host. The program's scripts are written in either JScript or VBScript. EmEditor can generally be scripted in any scripting language that supports Active Scripting. The program includes powerful macros.
History
Awards and nominations
EmEditor Professional has been nominated for the Epsilon Award 2010. Later it won the second place of the award.
EmEditor 10.0 was awarded a 5/5 Cows editor's rating on tucows.
EmEditor won the Shareware Industry Award for 2008 in the Best Applications category.
EmEditor 8.00 was awarded a 5/5 stars Editor's Rating on CNET's Download.com on November 18, 2008.
See also
List of text editors
Comparison of text editors
References
External links
Windows text editors
1997 software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmEditor |
Brendan Eugene Sexton III (born February 21, 1980) is an American actor.
Life and career
Born in Staten Island, New York, Sexton made his film debut in Todd Solondz's Welcome to the Dollhouse playing the troubled bully Brandon McCarthy, for which he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. He was the lead in Hurricane Streets and Desert Blue and also appeared in Boys Don't Cry, Black Hawk Down, and Just Like the Son, as well as the cult films Empire Records and Pecker.
He also starred in The Marconi Bros. alongside Dan Fogler and in Jonathan Blitstein's Let Them Chirp Awhile alongside Justin Rice.
Sexton owns and operates a New York City-based independent record label Big Bit of Beauty.
2002 radio interview and alleged blacklisting by Hollywood
In a 2002 radio interview, Sexton said that the version of the film Black Hawk Down, in which he briefly appeared, which made it onto theater screens was significantly different from the one recounted in the original script. According to him, many scenes asking hard questions of the U.S. troops with regard to the violent realities of war, the true purpose of their mission in Somalia, etc., were cut out.
Sexton has said in interviews that speaking out against the film led to him getting "blacklisted" and prevented him from getting work in major films.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1980 births
American male child actors
American male film actors
American music industry executives
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Staten Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan%20Sexton%20III |
Lent (album) is the first album by Dallas Crane, released in 1998. The album has become very rare.
Track listing
Nylon Don't Breath
A Romantic Comedy
Suppose I'm a Catholic
Jonco
Mr. Meddle
Days of the Wild
T.V.
Trenchcoat De Ville
Cyclone
January
Dallas Crane albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent%20%28album%29 |
Gotta may refer to:
Jack Gotta (1929–2013), American-born Canadian football player, coach and manager
Zamir Gotta, Russian film producer
Gotta Barrage, on the Vamsadhara River, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states, India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotta |
Deerfield Academy is an independent coeducational boarding preparatory school in Deerfield, Massachusetts. Founded in 1797, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States.
Overview
The school has approximately 650 students and about 125 faculty. Deerfield had a 16.8% acceptance rate for the 2019–20 school year. Its endowment is $590 million.
The Academy reports granting over $13 million in financial aid for the 2022-2023 school year, with 40% of its students receiving aid. The average boarding student grant was reportedly $54,875 and covered 81% of the total cost of tuition and fees. The student body hails from 36 U.S. states and 47 foreign countries. As of 2017, 32% of the student body were nonwhite American domestic students, and an additional 12% were foreign nationals or US expats.
The school has been described as an "elite boarding school" by the New York Times, "one of the nation's ...
most elite boarding schools" by the Boston Globe and "an elite private school" by the Associated Press. It is a member of the Eight Schools Association, the Ten Schools Admissions Organization, and the Six Schools League.
History
Deerfield Academy was founded in 1797 when Massachusetts Governor Samuel Adams granted a charter to found a school in the town of Deerfield. It began to educate students in 1799. In that year, it had 269 students. Boarding of students in rooms owned by the school did not begin until ten years later, at which time the school had twelve rooms for resident students. This was typical of early American academies, where students were housed with local families if they were not local residents.
Graduates occupied many congressional and gubernatorial seats in New England. By the end of the 19th century, industrialization had economically hurt Deerfield, which was rural. The board of trustees was considering closing the Academy, as only nine students remained.
In 1902, Deerfield appointed Frank Boyden as headmaster, who took up the post in 1903. According to James McLachlan, Boyden "transform[ed] an obscure American academy into a nationally-known boarding school. McLachlan describes Boyden's tenure as creating "an essentially new and different institution built on a moribund foundation."
Boyden also emphasized athletics as a component of education, sometimes playing on varsity squads that lacked players. Boyden retired in 1968.
By 1917, Deerfield, along with Exeter and Andover, which were also descendants of eighteenth-century academies, "were comparatively inexpensive, drew their students from a broader social spectrum, and imposed a less Victorian regimen" than the more recently founded Episcopalian church schools such as St Paul's, Groton and Kent.
David M. Pynchon was appointed headmaster after Boyden, serving from 1968 to 1979.
In 1989, the Academy reestablished coeducation, which Boyden had discontinued in 1948. At the time male students had protested the decision.
Eric Widmer '57 served as headmaster from 1994 to 2006. He stepped down in June 2006 and soon after assumed the position of Founding Headmaster at King's Academy in Madaba, Jordan, a school inspired in part by HM King Abdullah II's Deerfield years in the 1980s. It opened in the fall of 2007.
Margarita Curtis, previously dean of studies at Phillips Andover, was the first woman to hold the position of Head of School at Deerfield Academy, retiring in 2019.
The current head of school is John Austin, former head of school at King's Academy in Madaba, Jordan.
Academics
Deerfield Academy follows a trimester system, in which the school year is divided into three academic grading periods. Deerfield students take a full liberal arts curriculum, including English, history, foreign language, mathematics, laboratory science, visual and performing arts, and philosophy and religion. However, required courses are kept at a minimum to allow students to take more courses in the subjects that interest them most.
Most courses last the entire year, whereas others can last for one to two terms. The required course load is five graded courses per term, but students may petition the Academic Dean to take a sixth graded course if desired. There are no Saturday classes, and classes are held from Monday to Friday, typically from 8:30 am to 2:55 pm. On Wednesdays, classes end at 12:45 pm to accommodate athletic events, as well as to provide more time for clubs and community service.
Deerfield does not rank students. Academic work is graded on a scale where the minimum passing grade is 60 and the median grades are between 85 and 90. A trimester average of 90.0 or above garners Honors distinction, whereas a trimester average of 93.0 or above garners High Honors distinction.
Academic facilities
The Arms Building houses the English department. It was designed by Charles Platt in 1933 and donated by Jennie Maria Arms Sheldon.
The Boyden Library is a three-story library that originally opened in 1968 and was named in honor of former headmaster Frank L. Boyden and his wife Helen Childs Boyden. The library was renovated in 2015. After renovations, the Boyden Library now houses the College Advising Office, as well as the Academic Dean's Office. The library also houses the Center for Service and Global Citizenship (CSGC). It also contains an open Innovation Lab, which allows students to construct objects of their own design.
The Hess Center for the Arts was renovated in 2014 and contains facilities for the visual and performing arts. The Hess Center contains the Hess Auditorium (often called the "Large Aud"), where weekly School Meetings are held. There are two galleries, the von Auersperg Gallery and the Hilson Gallery, which both exhibit student, faculty, and outside artwork. The orchestral and choral groups perform every trimester in the Elizabeth Wachsman Concert Hall. The Reid Black Box Theater is home to the theater program's productions.
The Kendall Classroom Building houses the Language Department. It contains a language lab and a 160-seat auditorium (often called the "Small Aud") and is where the school newspaper and yearbook are written.
The Koch Center houses the Math Department, Science Department, and Computer Science Department, as well as the Information Technology Services and Communications offices. The Koch Center contains a planetarium and the Garonzik Auditorium, which contains 225 seats. The Koch center also includes an astronomy viewing terrace and the Louis Cafe.
The Main School Building was completed in 1931 and initially served as the classroom building for the entire school. The Main School Building houses the Admission and Financial Aid Office, and prospective students wait in the Caswell Library. After renovations in the 1980s, the building houses the History Department, Philosophy & Religion Department, and administrative offices.
Other facilities
The Dining Hall is where Deerfield hosts its traditional sit-down meals.
The 3-Floor D.S. Chen Health Center was opened in 2019 and is staffed 24/7.
Athletic facilities
Source:
Outdoor facilities
Fair Family Field is a turf field.
Headmaster's Field is a baseball field.
Jamie Kapteyn Field
Jim Smith Field is used by the varsity football team in the fall and boys varsity lacrosse team in the spring.
Lower Level & South Division Field comprise 90 acres of athletic fields. They are home to boys varsity soccer, JV soccer, and field hockey teams in the fall and JV lacrosse in the spring.
Rowland Family Field is used for varsity field hockey.
There are 21 tennis courts.
The track is an eight-lane 10 mm full pour track surface with two synthetic turf fields.
Indoor facilities
The David H. Koch Natatorium holds an eight-lane pool and separate diving well.
The Dewey Squash Courts house 10 international squash courts
The East & West Gyms house 3 basketball courts and are used by the varsity and JV volleyball teams in the fall and JV basketball teams in the winter.
The Fitness Center contains cardiovascular and weight machines, as well as free weights.
The Ice Rink is used by the varsity and JV hockey teams.
The Kravis Room is used for wrestling.
Dormitories
Deerfield has 15 dormitories: Barton, Bewkes (now a faculty residence), DeNunzio, Dewey, Field, Harold Smith, John Louis, John Williams, Johnson-Doubleday, Louis-Marx, Mather, McAlister, Pocumtuck, Rosenwald-Shumway, Scaife, and the newly christened O'Byrne Curtis—named for retiring Head of School Margarita O'Byrne Curtis. Every dorm is single-sex, and a faculty resident lives on each hall. Juniors and seniors live together in the same dorms, whereas sophomores live in their own dorms. Since 2015, all 100 incoming ninth-graders have been housed together in the Ninth-Grade Village, which consists of two single-sex dormitories connected by a large common room.
Faculty sexual abuse and Deerfield's response
In 2004 an alumnus revealed to Deerfield's then headmaster Eric Widmer that he had been sexually abused in the Winter of 1983 by faculty member Peter Hindle. Widmer responded sympathetically but did not press for details. The school was aware a parent previously raised concerns about Hindle in the 1980s, and had responded with written and verbal warnings. Nearly a decade later in 2012 the alumnus raised the matter again, this time with headmaster Margarita Curtis, who he says "displayed clear moral authority and offered unconditional support from the start."
An investigation by the school's lawyers confirmed the allegations and uncovered more: In late March 2013 the school published information that two former faculty members had engaged in multiple sexual contacts with students: Peter Hindle who taught at the school from 1956 to his 2000 retirement, and Bryce Lambert who retired in 1990 and had died in 2007. The school stripped Hindle's name from an endowed mathematics teaching chair and a school squash court, and barred him from campus events. A subsequent criminal investigation by the District Attorney's office revealed that at least four teachers, three deceased and one still alive, had engaged in sexual conduct considered "criminal in nature" with students extending back into the 1950s. Their deaths, and the statute of limitations, precluded pursuing criminal charges.
Deerfield spokesman David Thiel said "I think you saw from us an amount of transparency when this came to light that was unusual, and I hope that sets a good example for institutions and helps to assure that students are safer everywhere."
In books and popular culture
In the book The Headmaster (1966), author John McPhee reviews the life and work of Deerfield's most famous, formative headmaster, Frank Boyden, last of the "magnanimous despots who... created enduring schools through their own individual energies, maintained them under their own absolute rules, and left them forever imprinted with their own personalities." McPhee spent a year at Deerfield as a postgraduate student.
John Gunther's book Death Be Not Proud (1949) discusses the long struggle of his son John Gunther Jr. (called "Johnny") a Deerfield student, against a deadly brain tumor. The boy managed to complete his study before dying less than a month after graduation. The book was later made into a 1975 television movie starring Robby Benson as Johnny Gunther.
Novelist Hannah Pittard discusses her time at the school in her 2023 memoir We Are Too Many.
Notable alumni
See also
Heads of Deerfield Academy
List of notable Deerfield alumni
References
Further reading
Cooke, Brian P. Frank Boyden of Deerfield: The Vision and Politics of an Educational Idealist. Lanham, Md.: Madison Books (1994)
Cookson, Peter W. Preparing For Power: America's Elite Boarding Schools (1985) ()
McLachlan, James. American Boarding Schools: A Historical Study (1970)
McPhee, John. The Headmaster: Frank L. Boyden (1966)
Moorhead, Andrea D. and Moorhead, Robert K. Deerfield, 1797-1997: A Pictorial History of the Academy (1997) ()
External links
1797 establishments in Massachusetts
Boarding schools in Massachusetts
Co-educational boarding schools
Deerfield, Massachusetts
Educational institutions established in 1797
Private high schools in Massachusetts
Private preparatory schools in Massachusetts
School sexual abuse scandals
Sex scandals in the United States
High schools in Franklin County, Massachusetts
Six Schools League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerfield%20Academy |
Captain Flamingo is an animated series produced by a co-production between Breakthrough Films & Television, Heroic Film Company, Atomic Cartoons and animated by PASI Animation Studios and premiered on YTV on February 7, 2006, and ended on April 17, 2008.
The titular character is of unspecified young age. He has no real superpowers of note, just a desire to help "li'l kids" in trouble. His "superpowers" take the form of novelty items, such as a whoopee cushion, among other things.
Plot
Milo Powell is an ordinary young Japanese-Canadian boy, living in Halverston-in-Area (a fictional neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario) until a kid is in trouble. Any time a kid yells "Uh-oh! Flamingo!", Milo transforms into Captain Flamingo, whose mission is to help little kids who need assistance. Captain Flamingo is aided in his missions by his best friend Lizbeth Amanda Zaragoza, who apparently has a not-so-secret crush on him. CF also has a little brother named Thor.
Quite often, when called upon to carry out a mission, Captain Flamingo is busily engaged with something else, a personal goal or problem (such as waiting in line to buy an ice cream before the truck leaves or runs out of ice cream, but someone calls to him, needing his help); like a true hero, he must, and usually does, put aside his own needs to help others (although, quite often, his actions in successfully aiding the person in distress lead to a successful outcome for his personal goals). Captain Flamingo seldom successfully solves a problem on his first try; in fact, it is not uncommon for his initial attempts to make things worse. In trying to solve the simple problems of other little kids he encounters (such as, say, a lost pencil or a missing sock), Captain Flamingo often gets into tight spots. He has, in various episodes, gotten trapped in a bubble with a full bladder, gone underwater to battle an eel, and got trapped in a deadly matrix of bouncing superballs. Despite this, he never gives up and meets every failure or setback with a new attempt. He eventually gets out of these situations by using his "Bird Brain"; this can be his own instincts, but it usually is Lizbeth. A random thought he speaks aloud might be picked up on by Lizbeth and elaborated into an actual, detailed plan (which Lizbeth will assume was what Captain Flamingo planned to do all along), or he can assume that a suggestion spoken aloud by Lizbeth is his "Bird Brain" speaking to him (although he usually misinterprets her suggestion; however, his misinterpretation usually works). In the end, Captain Flamingo always seems to stumble upon a solution either through Lizbeth's cleverness, persistent refusal to give up, and constantly trying new novelty items and plans until he succeeds, or sheer luck (or, quite often, some combination of the three).
Characters
Main
Milo Powell/Captain Flamingo: (voiced by Tabitha St. Germain) Motivated, driven Milo Powell is equipped with the imagination and faith to become a superhero. He stands proudly in his homemade super-tights, his unwieldy flamingo-beak helmet, and terry cloth cape, ready to take on an outsized world! With Milo, things rarely turn out as planned, but somehow they do always manage to turn out all right. He carries a heavy heroic burden because kids everywhere rely on him, so he approaches their problems with utmost seriousness—as if the fate of their world depended on it (and maybe it does!). In the episode "Switch Hitch", where Wendell and Milo switched lives, Milo seemed quite jealous of Wendell's feelings towards Lizbeth. It is later revealed that he may love her. When Lizbeth and the rest of his friends were walking away with an imposter in that episode, he shouted "Lizbeth, I love you-I mean how you...". He was also impersonated in "Captain Copycat" by the Warrior Monkey (Milo managed to counter the incident by impersonating the Warrior Monkey). He is a Lemming Scout, a fan of horror movies, and can understand animal languages.
Lizbeth Amanda Zaragoza: (voiced by Melanie Tonello) The Captain's best friend, sidekick, and not-so-secret Chinese-Filipino Canadian admirer, Lizbeth is focused and organized, however, she is just a puddle of emotions when it comes to Milo Powell, her favourite square-shaped boy. She is a devoted follower and chronicler of his heroics, and, unbeknownst to him, is the voice of the "birdbrain" that often inspires the Captain to save the day. Lizbeth is strong and smart but a bit of a loner because of it. Her best friend, besides Milo, is her monocled stuffed elephant confidante, Chester. Lizbeth is secure in the knowledge that girls mature faster than boys, so she knows one day Milo will catch up and appreciate her. So, for now, she is willing to guide him along and wait patiently for that special day. She acts so because Milo saved her life when they were babies when Lizbeth nearly fell out of the sandbox onto the concrete sidewalk and Milo threw himself in front of her to save her, and never forgets about it (although witnesses say that what really happened was that Milo became distracted by a butterfly, and, unable to concentrate and keep himself up at the same time, fell into a heap, unintentionally saving her). She has an allergy to several animals and plants according to "Rare Basement Window".
Thor Powell: (voiced by Nissae Isen) Thor is Milo's diaper-clad baby brother. Thor likes to crawl after Milo and ride his cape. And he likes to slobber on Milo's tights. As Thor's primary babysitter, Milo often has to juggle his younger brother and his work—sometimes literally.
Margerie Powell (Milo's real mother): (voiced by Kathy Greenwood) Milo's Japanese mother has her own life as an ornithologist. She loves her boys, but adult schedules and family events come first before little kids' desires. She is very huggy and supportive, but also extremely practical and firm. If she has said 'no' twice, Milo knows asking a third time would be foolhardy. Her first name was revealed to be Margerie by a young Mr. Powell in the episode.
David Ignacius Powell (Milo's real father): (voiced by Richard Waugh) Deadpan, monotone, and humourless, Milo's father ironically runs a humour and novelty store where Milo gets his joke products from. With a voice that borders on deep-funereal, David is still somehow a warm guy, despite his overall stiffness. His full name was revealed in the episode "Fault Line" by Milo's mother.
Owen-Only: (voiced by Scott Beaudin) Owen is the sole overprotective kid. He has been padded, helmeted, and parentally locked out of most of the thrills of being a kid. And pop-culturally, he is way behind. This character has never tasted junk food, felt the wind in his hair while riding his scooter, or told a joke where the punch line was "poo." As a result, he does not get jokes, and states the obvious, to the point of being annoying to other characters. Sugar makes Owen extremely hyperactive; his personality goes from sensible to lunatic if he gets even a taste of sugar.
Rutger (voiced by Demetrius Joyette) - Rutger is an Afro-Brazilian Canadian kid, who always bites off more than he can chew. He is excitable, somewhat like a puppy, and has no lack of confidence. But with his maverick demeanour, he is always getting himself into trouble by taking stuff on before he is ready or big enough to do it. For instance, rather than ride a dumb little dinghy in the wading pool, he'll construct a massive Titanic-like behemoth out of random floatie toys—only to have it sink dramatically, with him on board. The only kid who thinks as big as he does is the Captain; a good thing, as Rutger frequently requires his services. Rutger is a goalie in one of Halverston's hockey teams.
Max Roderick (voiced by Isabel de Carteret) - Max is one of the smartest, most sophisticated kids on the block. It is not his fault he is two feet tall and has a ridiculous Elmer Fudd or Tweety-like (a reference to Looney Tunes characters) speech problem where his r's turn into w's, and he often adds w's to his l's. Therefore, 'really' becomes 'reawwy' and 'small' becomes '.' Luckily, Captain Flamingo gets him out of trouble. A lot. Max reveals his last name is Roderick in the episode "Max Invader, Scourge Of The Universe". Also in that episode, he has his own alter ego, "Max Invader".
Avi (voiced by Matthew Ferguson) - Avi, aka 'The Avalanche Kid' is a kid that has a real knack for disaster. Is it a bad moon that hangs over his head or just the overlong bangs that hang in his eyes? Whatever the cause, Avi is seriously dexterity-challenged. All it takes from him is one "uh-oh" move to start an inevitable chain of mounting disasters. Captain Flamingo does not mind cleaning up Avi's messes, usually, but sometimes he wishes Avi would plan and call ahead, because if he is going with his mother to the china shop on Monday, Milo really should book the week off. Avi has three identical-looking younger sisters, who seem to have inherited Avi's ability to be a walking disaster, which also seems to run in his family.
Wendell Howell (voiced by Cole Caplan) - Wendell is Milo's cousin and nemesis. He and Milo are always competing against each other. Wendell loves to point out how much better he is than Milo at everything (due mostly to the fact that he is, as he never lets Milo forget, an eighth of an inch taller than Milo, but that is the only way he is superior to him). A bit of a geek, Wendell always looks for a mathematical or scientific way to gain the upper hand over Milo. He later invents his own superheroic alter ego, Commander Whooping Crane (He chose this name because Whooping Cranes are taller than Flamingos by a good eighth of an inch) who almost replaced Milo as the neighbourhood hero until he got into trouble and had to be saved by CF. In the episode "Switch Hitch", where Milo and Wendell switched lives, Wendell seemed to have feelings for Lizbeth. However, these feelings were not given back. Wendell's last name is revealed to be Howell in "Scrambled Legs".
Tabitha (voiced by Rebecca Brenner) - Tabitha is a girl who has two settings: freaked out, and really freaked out. She is on life's fast track; every moment of every day is scheduled, and she plans to finish university and have an established medical career by the time most of us are just finishing breakfast. Tabitha's many playdates, lessons, and various 'opportunities for growth' keep her busy, frazzled, and close to implosion. But when someone's life moves as fast as hers does, things eventually slip—and the Captain is always there to pick up the pieces. Her dirty blonde frizzy hair is a simple indicator of her stress level. The more stressed she is, the wilder it gets - much to her dismay. She has a brother who loves drums and a toddler brother named Tucker who is into streaking!
Sanjay (voiced by Stacey DePass) - Easily distracted, Sanjay is an Indian-Canadian kid voted "Most likely to walk into a tree while following a bird call," or "Most likely to trip into a manhole while reading and jogging at the same time." In fact, he may not even notice that he is in the middle of being saved by the fearless yet focused Captain. He has nyctophobia.
Otto (voiced by Catherine Disher) - Otto could well be a genius....or he could be a complete wacko. We'll only know for sure after he has grown up. But for now, he builds robots that go bad, constructs alternate universes that spin out of his control, and collects rocks that include most of the planet's ore supply. But the Captain saves Otto frequently and unquestioningly—and might even consider him his favourite customer. Otto has a crush on Tabitha, but unfortunately, she finds him disgusting due to his bad habit of nose-picking.
Kirsten McBradden (voiced by Sugar Lyn Beard) - Kirsten is a red-headed sweet Irish Canadian girl who really believes in Captain Flamingo and is even doing a project on him for school and once became the subject of a play where only he had speaking lines. She asks him all sorts of fangirl questions, always proceeded by, "I was just wondering...", and like Lizbeth, she has a huge crush on Milo and often concocts fake troubles to get Milo to "rescue" her and to possibly spend time with him. Her crush on Milo seems to border a bit on the psychotic and Milo seems more aware of her crush than he is of Lizbeth's. Her last name was revealed to be McBradden in the episode "Bug Out".
Ruth-Ann (voiced by Annick Obonsawin) - Ruth is Lizbeth's doppelganger-like rival; her blonde hair is even parted on the opposite side of Lizbeth. Where Lizbeth is spunky, Ruth is a shrinking violet. Where Lizbeth is straightforward, Ruth is the queen of the backhanded compliment. Worse yet, Ruth has Milo wrapped around her finger, and she strings him along like she does all the other boys in town. Ruth makes Lizbeth seethe, and more than once Lizbeth has voted not to rescue her nemesis because Lizbeth knows if Ruth runs off with Milo's heart, she'll just break it. So she fights Ruth for her square-shaped boy every time. She is the most popular girl at school and tells people what is hot and what is not and has telekinetic powers. She wants to be an actress.
Minor
Mth Greegron Ifsqamineus Rasitrkk: (voiced by Julie Lemieux) Mth is a kid from an unknown country who calls Captain Flamingo over so he can help find the Globnick which means a friend (because he cannot speak English). Captain Flamingo befriends Mth in "The Globnick".
Thrasher: (voiced by Noam Zylberman) Thrasher is an Inuit kid who calls Captain Flamingo for help so he finds his missing electric guitar in "Flamingopalooza".
Warrior Monkey: (voiced by Juan Chioran) Warrior Monkey is a former circus monkey who turned evil after his abandonment in a pet shop. He blamed Captain Flamingo for all of his problems.
Episodes
Series overview
Season 1 (2006-2007)
Season 2 (2007)
Season 3 (2008)
Telecast and home media
Captain Flamingo was first premiered on YTV on February 7, 2006, and ended on April 17, 2008, with the final episode. In repeats, Canadian Nickeldoeon also aired from November 2, 2009 (launch date) until June 3, 2013.
In the U.S., Toon Disney premiered this show on January 28, 2008, at 8:30 AM, although it was initially going for broadcast during their Jetix programming block. Captain Flamingo was removed from the Toon Disney schedule on August 12, 2008, but returned on September 2 at 5:30 a.m. When Toon Disney was rebranded to Disney XD on February 13, 2009, Captain Flamingo was once again removed, and has not aired in the U.S. since the future years.
As of 2022, the show is now streaming on both Peacock and Tubi.
In May 2006, Jetix Europe acquired the European and Middle Eastern pay-TV rights, in addition to television distribution, (serviced by Buena Vista International Television on behalf of the network) home video and consumer product rights to the series in the said territories, except for Spain and Portugal. Therefore, it started airing on European channels of the network, excluding France, in Autumn 2006.
The three DVD releases of the show were released on June 29, 2011, only in region four. Each release contained only fourteen episodes from the first season. But other regional releases have not yet been released.
References
External links
Captain Flamingo at YTV.com
Official Fan Site
2000s Canadian animated television series
2006 Canadian television series debuts
2006 Philippine television series debuts
2008 Canadian television series endings
2008 Philippine television series endings
Animated television series about children
Anime-influenced Western animated television series
Canadian children's animated comedy television series
Canadian children's animated fantasy television series
Canadian children's animated superhero television series
Canadian flash animated television series
Canadian superhero comedy television series
Child superheroes
English-language television shows
Canadian fantasy comedy television series
Fictional characters with extrasensory perception
Philippine animated television series
Philippine children's television series
Philippine comedy television series
Philippine fantasy television series
Philippine flash animated television series
Television series by 9 Story Media Group
Television series by Corus Entertainment
Television shows set in Toronto
YTV (Canadian TV channel) original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Flamingo |
Dialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella Nuova (Dialogue of Cecco di Ronchitti of Brugine concerning the New star) is the title of an early 17th-century pseudonymous pamphlet ridiculing the views of an aspiring Aristotelian philosopher, Antonio Lorenzini da Montepulciano, on the nature and properties of Kepler's Supernova, which had appeared in October 1604. The pseudonymous Dialogue was written in the coarse language of a rustic Paduan dialect, and first published in about March, 1605, in Padua. A second edition was published later the same year in Verona. Antonio Favaro republished the contents of the pamphlet in its original language in 1881, with annotations and a commentary in Italian. He republished it again in Volume 2 of the National Edition of Galileo's works in 1891, along with a translation into standard Italian. An English translation was published by Stillman Drake in 1976.
The Dialogo is dedicated to Antonio Querenghi. Scholars agree that the pamphlet was written either by Galileo Galilei or one of his followers, Girolamo Spinelli, or by both in collaboration, but do not agree on the extent of the contribution—if any—made by each of them to its composition.
Footnotes
Bibliography
1605 books
Astronomy pamphlets
Historical physics publications
History of astronomy
1605 in science
Philosophy of science books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogo%20de%20Cecco%20di%20Ronchitti%20da%20Bruzene%20in%20perpuosito%20de%20la%20stella%20Nuova |
José Ventura Melchor Ciriaco de Ecay-Múzquiz y Arrieta (5 January 1790 – 14 December 1844) was a Mexican soldier and politician who became the 5th President of Mexico after president Anastasio Bustamante stepped down to personally lead his armies against an 1832 insurgency known as the Plan of Veracruz.
Múzquiz played an active role in attempting to suppress the revolt, but revolution would succeed and Múzquiz was forced to step down on December, 1832 in favor of the insurgents' choice for president: Manuel Gomez Pedraza.
Early life
Melchor Múzquiz was born in Santa Rosa, Coahuila in 1790 and began his studies at the college of San Ildefono in Mexico City from which he left to join the insurgents when the Mexican War of Independence broke out in 1810. He fought against the Spanish in Michoacán and Veracruz and was taken prisoner at the Hacienda of Monte Blanco at the time when he had reached the rank of colonel. He was transported to Puebla and was at the point of being executed by firing squad, when he was saved by an amnesty, but he refused to swear that upon release he would no longer take up arms against Spain.
Early political career
He joined Agustin de Iturbide's Plan of Iguala which finally gained independence for Mexico in 1821, and by 1824 he was governor of the State of Mexico, and was known for maintaining budget surpluses. Under the administration of President Guadalupe Victoria he was made brigadier general and was given the post of commandant general of Puebla when the Revolution of the Acordada broke out against president-elect and Minister of War Manuel Gómez Pedraza in the aftermath of the contested election of 1828. Musquiz refused to join the revolution, yet he also did not proclaim loyalty to the government considering it a captive of the revolutionaries who now occupied the capital. President elect Gómez Pedraza fled the country and eventually, Múzquiz recognized the newly established government of Vicente Guerrero.
Only one year later, in 1829, Múzquiz actively supported the Plan of Jalapa aimed at overthrowing President Guerrero and replacing him with vice-president Anastasio Bustamante. The leading rebels met in Múzquiz' own home to read the plan upon where Múzquiz asked each man present if they would accept it. From this point, Múzquiz would be considered Bustamante's second-in-command.
Plan of Veracruz
On January 2, 1832 a liberal revolt against the government flared up in Veracruz, demanding the dismissal of President Bustamante's ministers. Santa Anna joined the movement and on January 4, he addressed himself to President Bustamante offering to mediate in order to prevent bloodshed.
The government failed to defeat Santa Anna, and the revolution spread to Tamaulipas, where the rebels routed the forces of Manuel de Mier y Terán at Tampico. Now the revolution was joined by more states, who began to demand not only the dismissal of the ministers but the replacement of Bustamante himself with Manuel Gomez Pedraza who had won the elections of 1828 before fleeing the country in the aftermath of Vicente Guerrero’s revolt against him. Meanwhile the states of San Luis Potosi, Michoacan, Chihuahua, Mexico, Puebla, and Tabasco remained loyal to Bustamante, but the revolution continued to advance.
Interim presidency
The government was shaken by the news that the up until then loyal city of San Luis Potosi was captured by the rebel general José Esteban Moctezuma on August 6, and President Bustamante assumed personal command of the troops in order to lead an expedition against him. Bustamante stepped down as president and the deputies elected General Melchor Múzquiz to assume the role of interim president on August 14. President Múzquiz struggled to fund the armies of Minister of War José Antonio Facio and Bustamante, and could not obtain loans while the country was in a state of civil war.
Bustamante routed the forces of Moctezuma on September 18, and occupied the San Luis Potosi on September 30. Unfortunately for the government, General Gabriel Valencia then proclaimed his support for the revolution in the state of Mexico, putting him in a position to threaten the capital. Bustamante turned back towards Mexico City and reached Peñón Blanco where he obtained a promise from Governor Francisco García Salinas of the state of Zacatecas to support the government, a promise which was later broken. Meanwhile in Veracruz after a six-month stalemate, Santa Anna defeated government forces led by Facio, allowing his army to leave Veracruz and advance upon the capital reaching Tacubaya on October 6.
The Múzquiz administration sent circulars to loyal governors, and redoubled its efforts to maintain itself. Half of his ministers were opposed by the revolutionists but Múzquiz did not make any personnel changes in response. Congress also refused to negotiate with the rebels by placing Gomez Pedraza in charge of the executive, and instead granted Melchor Múzquiz emergency powers. Commissioners were sent to negotiate with Santa Anna, who was at the gates of the capital, but no agreement was reached.
At this point, however, Santa Anna headed away from Mexico City on November 6 to face the approaching army of Bustamante at the city of Puebla, and defeated him on November 16. By now government had effectively lost control over the rest of the nation, retaining the loyalty of only Oaxaca and Chihuahua. Bustamante gave up the military struggle and opened negotiations at which it was agreed to enter into an armistice until congress could approve a peace treaty between the parties. Múzquiz himself wished to agree to an armistice, but congress refused to surrender. Múzquiz would resign in opposition on December 15, but his resignation was rejected. However Bustamante disobeyed congress to avert further bloodshed and proceeded to negotiate a peace that was ratified on December 23, 1832 through the Treaty of Zavaleta. In accordance with the treaty, the presidency now passed on to Manuel Gomez Pedraza. A group of commissioners arrived from the triumphant rebels to announce to the now ex-president Múzquiz that he was free to go home.
Later life
He remained retired from public affairs for a time. In 1836, under the Centralist Republic of Mexico during which Mexico was divided into departments rather than states, he was president of the Supreme Moderating Power, a council established by the Siete Leyes that was constitutionally even above the president. He pursued constitutional reforms in the fields of finance, justice, and the authorities of the departments. He would be appointed to the Supreme Moderating Power once more in 1840. Múzquiz died on December 14, 1844 in poverty despite the exalted positions which he once held. Afterwards his hometown was renamed after him.
See also
List of heads of state of Mexico
Notes
References
Bibliography
"Múzquiz, Melchor", Enciclopedia de México, vol. 10. Mexico City, 1996, .
García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, .
Presidents of Mexico
Mexican generals
Mexican people of Basque descent
Governors of the State of Mexico
Politicians from Coahuila
1790 births
1844 deaths
19th-century Mexican people
1830s in Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchor%20M%C3%BAzquiz |
A ground burst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an artillery shell, nuclear weapon or air-dropped bomb that explodes at ground level. These weapons are set off by fuses that are activated when the weapon strikes the ground or something equally hard, such as a concrete building, or otherwise detonated at the surface.
In the context of a nuclear weapon, a ground burst is a detonation on the ground, in shallow water, or below the fallout-free altitude. This condition produces substantial amounts of nuclear fallout. An air burst or a deep subterranean detonation, by contrast, makes little fallout.
Ground shock
Ground shock, or water shock will result from nuclear explosions on (or near) the surface of ground or water. The ground shock can damage or destroy hardened structures. In water, the shock is damaging to nearby vessels and may also produce a surface wave to limited ranges. A crater is formed by an explosion at (or near) the ground surface. The size of the crater depends on the type of ground material and how close to the ground surface the explosion occurs.
See also
Air burst
References
Bombs
Weapon operation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20burst |
(she also goes by the pseudonym ) is a Japanese singer and composer from Ibaraki prefecture in Japan. Itō has composed the soundtracks to many anime television shows and is part of the bands Oranges & Lemons and Heart of Air.
Discography
Solo works
Singles
2001-12-29: "Hitomi no Naka ni" — PS game Sister Princess: Pure Stories theme song)
2003-04-23: "Yasashii Ai no Hane/Nemunemu Tenshi" — anime television series Angel Tales opening & ending theme)
2004-05-26: "Futari Dakara" — anime television series Koi Kaze ending theme
2005-06-29: "Shōnen Humming" — anime television series Absolute Boy ending theme
Albums
1997-06-21: Waste days [From METAL BLACK -The First-]
1998-10-11: Door: Drifting Souls
2001-11-07: Hana no Oto
2003-12-26: Yumefuru Mori e
2004-07-22: Harmonies of heaven
2012-16-12: Wonder wonderful
Other
2001-05-23: anime television series Gyoten ningen batseelor theme song single – ending theme "Mahō no Kotoba"
2003-12-26: PS2 game Primopuel: Oshaberi Heartner theme song single — image song "Otsukisama to Rururu"
2006-09-06: PS2 game Binchotan: Shiawase-goyomi theme song single – ending theme "Ashita no Hanakago"
Group works
Heart of Air
2001-03-07: Kiss Me Sunlights — PS2 game ZOE opening theme
2001-06-27: Ring on the World — anime television series Z.O.E Dolores,i ending theme
2002-11-22: Blue Flow — anime television series Haibane Renmei ending theme
Masumi Ito and Yoko Ueno
2003-02-05: Haibane Renmei Image Album: Seinaru Doukei
2003-05-21: Daichi no la-li-la — anime television series Scrapped Princess ending theme
Mariaria
2006-05-10: Aru Hi no Kamisama — includes anime television series Nishi no Yoki Majo: Astraea Testament ending theme "Kanata"
Soundtracks
TV animation
Space Pirate Mito series (1999)
Super Gals! Kotobuki Ran (2001)
Z.O.E. Dolores,i (2001)
Galaxy Angel series (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004)
Magical Nyan Nyan Taruto (2001)
Pita-Ten (2002)
Azumanga Daioh (2002 – song performance & composition for character songs only)
Chōjūshin Gravion series (2002, 2004)
Scrapped Princess (2003)
Da Capo (2003 – with Yugo Kanno)
Chrono Crusade (2003)
Absolute Boy (2005)
D.C.S.S.: Da Capo Second Season (2005)
Gunparade Orchestra (2005 – with Masayoshi Yoshikawa)
Noein: Mou Hitori no Kimi e (2005)
Kagihime Monogatari Eikyū Alice Rondo (2006)
Tactical Roar (2006)
Nishi no Yoki Majo: Astraea Testament (2006)
Koisuru Tenshi Angelique series (2006, 2007)
Gift: Eternal Rainbow (2006)
Venus Versus Virus (2007)
Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica (2007)
KimiKiss pure rouge (2007 – with Yokoyama Masaru & Iwadare Noriyuki)
Shigofumi (2008)
Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom (2009)
Canaan (2009)
Infinite Stratos (2011)
Hiiro no Kakera (2012)
Jinrui wa Suitai Shimashita (2012)
Beyond the Boundary (2013)
RDG: Red Data Girl (2013) (with Myu)
She and Her Cat: Everything Flows (2016) (part of TO-MAS Soundsight Fluorescent Forest with Yohei Matsui and Mito)
Flip Flappers (2016) (part of TO-MAS Soundsight Fluorescent Forest)
Alice & Zouroku (2017) (part of TO-MAS)
Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (2017)
Original video animation (OVA)
Angelique: Shiroi Tsubasa no Memoir (2000)
Angel Sanctuary (2000)
éX-Driver (2000)
Angelique: Seichi yori Ai o Komete (2001)
ZOE: 2167 IDOLO (2001)
Ichigo 100% (2004, 2005)
Book Girl OVA series (2009–2010)
Film
éX-Drive The Movie (2002)
Book Girl (2010)
Broken Blade (2010 – 2011: opening theme song arrangement with Kokia)
Beyond the Boundary -I'LL BE HERE- Past (2015)
Beyond the Boundary -I'LL BE HERE- Future (2015)
References
External links
Masumi Ito and Hikaru Nanase at Media Arts Database
Masumi Ito and Hikaru Nanase profiles at Oricon
Year of birth missing (living people)
Anime composers
Anime singers
Japanese film score composers
Japanese music arrangers
Japanese women film score composers
Japanese women singers
Living people
Singers from Ibaraki Prefecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masumi%20It%C5%8D |
The International Association for Technology Trade (IATT) is a consortium of information technology organizations, strategic advisors, government agencies and corporate members seeking to generate successful global business opportunities – with a key focus on China and emerging economies. IATT runs ongoing trade missions to developing regions, sponsors and co-promotes conferences and symposia, and provides strategic services to companies entering and expanding into emerging markets.
Events
2006 Guangdong Province Educational Technology Buyers' Summit
In June 2006, IATT hosted a high-level delegation from the Guangdong Province Department of Education, visiting North America at summit meetings arranged by IATT in Toronto, ON; Washington, DC and San Jose, CA. Highlights included meetings with representatives from Discovery Communications, the Oracle Education Foundation and Adobe Systems among other ISTE 100 companies. ISTE was a co-organizer of the summit, designed to introduce leading educational technology companies in North America to potential buyers in China.
First Sino-American Forum of Intellectual Property Rights
Efforts in 2005 to forge a partnership with the Patent Protection Association of China (PPAC) under the direction of China’s State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) resulted in the first-ever Sino-American Forum of Intellectual Property Rights, held in China’s booming Pearl River Delta. Attracting more than 500 government officials, business leaders and academics from throughout China and North America, IATT and PPAC co-organized the event.
2005 China Educational Technology Conference & Expo
During the same timeframe, and with its EdTech association partner ISTE, IATT co-organized what was identified as the world's largest educational technology conference and expo in Dongguan, attracting nearly 40,000 attendees in its first year with leading EdTech speakers and a small number of non-China exhibitors from the US, Canada and UK.
See also
China–United States trade war (2018–present)
Intellectual property in China
Notes
International trade organizations
Business organizations based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Association%20for%20Technology%20Trade |
FTF may refer to:
Sport
Chadian Football Federation (French: )
Federação Tocantinense de Futebol, the Football Federation of Tocantins, Brazil
Tahitian Football Federation (French: )
Togolese Football Federation (French: )
Tunisian Football Federation (French: )
Other uses
FTF – Confederation of Professionals in Denmark
Face to Face (disambiguation)
Failure to feed
Fair Trade Federation, an American trade association
Fashion To Figure, an American clothing retailer
Feed the Future Initiative, a program of the United States federal government
First to file
First things First
First to find, an acronym used in geocaching
Foreign Terrorist Fighters
Fuck the Facts, a Canadian band
Swedish Union of Insurance Employees (Swedish: )
The X-Files: Fight the Future, an American film
Flee the Facility, a horror escape game on Roblox | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTF |
Pleasant Township may refer to:
Illinois
Pleasant Township, Fulton County, Illinois
Indiana
Pleasant Township, Allen County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, Grant County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, Johnson County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, LaPorte County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, Steuben County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, Switzerland County, Indiana
Pleasant Township, Wabash County, Indiana
Iowa
Pleasant Township, Appanoose County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Cass County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Hardin County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Lucas County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Monroe County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Poweshiek County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Union County, Iowa, in Union County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Wapello County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Winneshiek County, Iowa, in Winneshiek County, Iowa
Pleasant Township, Wright County, Iowa
Kansas
Pleasant Township, Butler County, Kansas
Pleasant Township, Coffey County, Kansas
Pleasant Township, Harvey County, Kansas
Pleasant Township, Lincoln County, Kansas, in Lincoln County, Kansas
Pleasant Township, Smith County, Kansas, in Smith County, Kansas
North Dakota
Pleasant Township, Cass County, North Dakota, in Cass County, North Dakota
Ohio
Pleasant Township, Brown County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Clark County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Fairfield County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Franklin County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Hancock County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Hardin County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Henry County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Knox County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Logan County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Madison County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Marion County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Perry County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Putnam County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Seneca County, Ohio
Pleasant Township, Van Wert County, Ohio
Pennsylvania
Pleasant Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania
South Dakota
Pleasant Township, Clark County, South Dakota, in Clark County, South Dakota
Pleasant Township, Hanson County, South Dakota, in Hanson County, South Dakota
Pleasant Township, Hutchinson County, South Dakota, in Hutchinson County, South Dakota
Pleasant Township, Jerauld County, South Dakota, in Jerauld County, South Dakota
Pleasant Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota, in Lincoln County, South Dakota
Pleasant Township, Lyman County, South Dakota, in Lyman County, South Dakota
Township name disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasant%20Township |
The Berlin Papyrus 6619, simply called the Berlin Papyrus when the context makes it clear, is one of the primary sources of ancient Egyptian mathematics. One of the two mathematics problems on the Papyrus may suggest that the ancient Egyptians knew the Pythagorean theorem.
Description, dating, and provenance
The Berlin Papyrus 6619 is an ancient Egyptian papyrus document from the Middle Kingdom, second half of the 12th (c. 1990–1800 BC) or 13th Dynasty (c. 1800 BC – 1649 BC). The two readable fragments were published by Hans Schack-Schackenburg in 1900 and 1902.
Connection to the Pythagorean theorem
The Berlin Papyrus contains two problems, the first stated as "the area of a square of 100 is equal to that of two smaller squares. The side of one is ½ + ¼ the side of the other." The interest in the question may suggest some knowledge of the Pythagorean theorem, though the papyrus only shows a straightforward solution to a single second degree equation in one unknown. In modern terms, the simultaneous equations and reduce to the single equation in y: , giving the solution y = 8 and x = 6.
See also
List of ancient Egyptian papyri
Papyrology
Timeline of mathematics
Egyptian fraction
References
External links
Simultaneous equation examples from the Berlin papyrus
Two algebra problems compared to RMP algebra
Two suggested solutions
Egyptian mathematics
Papyri from ancient Egypt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin%20Papyrus%206619 |
Marco Roberto Borsato (; born 21 December 1966) is a Dutch singer. Born in Alkmaar, North Holland, he started performing in Italian before switching to Dutch in 1994. He has consistently been one of the most successful and biggest-grossing artists in the Netherlands and Belgium for the past thirty years.
Borsato achieved 15 number-one singles in the Netherlands, the second-most all-time behind The Beatles' 16. In 1994, his song "Dromen Zijn Bedrog" spent a then-record 12 weeks at number one, a feat which stood for 17 years. It still remains the longest-running Dutch language number-one song ever. Between 2003 and 2008, Borsato became the first artist to record nine consecutive number-one singles on the Dutch charts.
Borsato also has recorded 11 number-one albums in the Netherlands, all certified at least Platinum, with every eligible studio album of his from 1995 to 2013 debuting at number one on the Dutch album charts. Borsato also has six number-one albums in Belgium.
Despite his long run of commercial success, his music was removed from all Dutch public radio stations' playlists in 2022 after sexual assault allegations relating to The Voice of Holland scandal.
Early life
Marco Roberto Borsato was born in the Wilhelmina Hospital in Alkmaar as the son of Roberto Borsato and Mary de Graaf. He has a brother, Armando, and a sister, Sylvana. His father is Italian and the family moved to Italy, where the father started a restaurant in Garda. Borsato spent a significant amount of time in Italy and speaks fluent Italian.
When Borsato was twelve years old, he decided he wanted to be a sushi chef. Borsato, though brought up with Italian cuisine, felt a great love for this cuisine. When he was older, he went to school during the week and worked in a restaurant during the weekends. During his conscription, he was bound to the cavalry, where he was conscripted as a NCO.
Career
Borsato's career as a musician debuted in 1990, when he won the Dutch talent show Soundmixshow hosted by Henny Huisman with his rendition of Billy Vera's "At This Moment." At the time, he was still working as a chef. The accomplishment allowed him to sign a record deal, where he released three albums sung in the Italian language: Emozioni, Sento and Giorno per giorno.
Borsato earned newfound popularity in 1994, when he began to sing songs in Dutch, as recommended by his songwriting partner John Ewbank. His first Dutch-language single "Dromen Zijn Bedrog" ("Dreams Are Deceptive”) reached number one in the Netherlands and stayed there for 12 weeks, selling over 240,000 copies. It broke the record for longest time spent at number one on the Dutch chart. Borsato held the record until 2011, when "Balada" by Gusttavo Lima spent 13 weeks at number one. His second single "Waarom Nou Jij" also reached number one on the Dutch Top 40.
His fifth album Als geen ander, released in 1995, was certified 4× Platinum and became his first number-one album in the Netherlands. It produced four singles, three of which reached the top ten in the Netherlands. In 1997, Borsato released De waarheid, which also debuted at number one in the Netherlands and stayed there for seven weeks. It would be certified 6× Platinum. His seventh album De bestemming followed shortly after in 1998, debuting at number one in the Netherlands and staying there for four weeks. It is certified 5× Platinum. The album's title track became his third number one single on the Dutch Top 40. "Binnen", the lead single to Borsato's eighth album Luid en duidelijk, reached number one in 1999, and the album came out in early 2000, to another number-one debut and eight weeks atop the albums chart. It is certified 5× Platinum. "Lopen op het water", the lead single to Borsato's greatest hits album Onderweg, became his fifth number-one single in 2001.
Beginning in 2003, with "Afscheid nemen bestaat niet" and ending in 2008 with "Dochters", Borsato recorded nine consecutive number-one singles on the Dutch singles charts, an accomplishment which remains unmatched to this day.
Borsato's ninth album Zien was released in 2004 on DVD only and was certified 4× Platinum. It produced three number-one singles, including "Wat zou je doen?" featuring Dutch rapper Ali B. In 2006, Borsato released a live album, Symphonica in Rosso, which also saw all three of its singles reach number one in the Netherlands. This included a cover of "Because We Believe" featuring Andrea Bocelli and "Every Time I Think of You" featuring British singer-songwriter Lucie Silvas. The album debuted at number one in the Netherlands and stayed at its peak for one week, being certified 5× Platinum.
His tenth album Wit licht came out in 2008 and debuted at number one in the Netherlands, remaining there for six non-consecutive weeks. All three of its singles, the title track, "Stop de tijd" and "Dochters", reached number one, giving Borsato 14 career number-one singles and nine consecutive.
In 2009, Borsato was dealt a financial blow when his company The Entertainment Group, a major events organiser and Dutch artists representer, was declared bankrupt by a Dutch court.
Borsato's eleventh album Dromen durven delen was released in 2010 to another number-one debut and five weeks on top. However, its lead single "Schouder aan schouder" with Guus Meeuwis only peaked at No. 2, and its follow-ups at No. 9, No. 11, No. 29 and No. 29. Duizend spiegels in 2013 also debuted at number one on the Dutch albums chart and produced two top-ten singles. However, his thirteenth studio album Evenwicht in 2015 peaked at No. 2 behind Adele's 25, the first time since Marco in 1994 that a Borsato studio album did not debut at number one in the Netherlands.
In 2019, Borsato released the single "Hoe het Danst" with Dutch DJ Armin van Buuren and singer Davina Michelle. It became his first number-one song in 11 years and the fifteenth number-one single on the Dutch Top 40 in his career. It was also the 21st single of his to reach the top three in the Netherlands, extending his record over the Beatles' 19 for the most in chart history.
Borsato scored the 40th top 40 hit of his career with "Lippenstift" in 2019, making him the seventh musical act to accomplish so.
Other functions
Borsato was an ambassador of the Dutch NGO War Child, which helps children in post-conflict areas to cope with their war experiences.
In 2011, he became a judge on the Dutch talent show The Voice of Holland and The Voice Kids. He is currently the third highest-times winning coach in any The Voice version throughout the world, with four winners in The Voice of Holland and three winners in The Voice Kids.
Personal life
Borsato married Dutch TV personality Leontine Ruiters in 1998. They have three children together: Luca (b. 1998), Senna (b. 2001), and Jada (b. 2002). In February 2020, the couple announced their divorce after 22 years of marriage.
In 2019, it was revealed that Borsato had an extramarital affair with Dutch pianist Iris Hond in 2009. In a 2021 interview with television presenter Linda de Mol, Borsato said that he frequently cheated on Ruiters because of an "intimacy vacuum" in their relationship.
Borsato and fellow judge Ali B were rumored to have had sex with his The Voice contestant Maan de Steenwinkel. After Borsato was accused of sexually assaulting underage The Voice Kids contestants, Maan denied being pressured into having sex with her judge Borsato.
Before being accused of serial sexual assault, Borsato earned a reputation as "the ideal son-in-law" because of his smaller stature and history of kind behavior to employees and fans.
Sexual assault allegations
On 13 December 2021, a 22-year-old Dutch woman filed charges against Borsato with the police, accusing Borsato of grooming and sexually assaulting her for years beginning when she was 15 by touching her genitals, buttocks and breasts against her will. The victim considered Borsato, who was a family friend, to be a father figure after her own father died. In the following days, two more women accused Borsato of sexual abuse. In September 2023, it was announced that he will be prosecuted for the first-mentioned case.
On 20 January 2022, a report by Dutch online investigative show BOOS accused Borsato of inappropriately touching six contestants, three of whom were underage, while he was a judge on The Voice Kids. The victims included girls aged 13 and 14. In one of the alleged incidents, Borsato groped a 14-year-old girl's buttocks during a professional barbecue he held for The Voice Kids. The three underage victims claimed that Borsato "mainly touched their buttocks unsolicited and for a long time in work spheres." In March 2023, the Central Netherlands Public Prosecution Service did not prosecute Borsato for this due to lack of evidence.
As a result of the allegations, Borsato's music was banned from the playlists of radio stations operated by NPO, Talpa and Qmusic. His wax figure at the Madame Tussauds Amsterdam museum was also removed.
Awards and honours
Honours
2004: Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau, for services to Dutch music and his dedication to War Child Netherlands
Awards
1996 – 2006: Won a TMF Award, eleven times for best Dutch singer (In 2006, he joined Anouk in announcing their withdrawal from future TMF Awards-nominations. "Every year the same faces can get boring".)
1997: Edison Award, two times (Best Singer, Best Single of the Year)
1999: Golden Harp (with John Ewbank)
2000: Hitkrant Award, for the song Binnen ("Inside")
2000: Honorary Award for Best Album (Luid en Duidelijk ("Loud and Clear")) and Best Singer
2001: Edison Award (Best Singer)
2010: Twitteraar van het Jaar (Best Twitter user)
Discography
Emozioni (1990)
Sento (1991)
Giorno per giorno (1992)
Marco (1994)
Als geen ander (1995)
De waarheid (1997)
De bestemming (1998)
Luid en duidelijk (2000)
Onderweg (2002)
Zien (2004)
Symphonica in Rosso - Live CD (2006)
Wit licht (2008)
Dromen durven delen (2010)
Duizend spiegels (2013)
Evenwicht (2015)
Thuis (2017)
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
Dutch male singers
Dutch people of Italian descent
Dutch pop singers
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
People from Alkmaar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco%20Borsato |
Geshe Ngawang Tashi Bapu a.k.a. Lama Tashi (born 22 February 1968 in Thembang village of West Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh, India) is former Principal Chant Master of Drepung Loseling Monastery, one of the largest monasteries of the Dalai Lama. In 2006, Lama Tashi was nominated for the Grammy Award for his album "Tibetan Master Chants" in the "Best Traditional World Music". Through this achievement, he has created the record of the first Buddhist Monk for Grammy Nomination in solo performance, and the first North-East Indian to be nominated for the prestigious Grammy Award (sometimes called Oscar of Music) the highest honour of Music in the world. Lama Tashi led Long Life Puja Chanting for the 14th Dalai Lama, the HE 99th and 100th Gaden Tripa Rinpoches and many more highly revered masters. The Long Life Puja is a very popular traditional healing ceremony that involves a multiphonic chant performance to heal the listeners and increase their life span. Lama Tashi also led the chanting performance of the Traditional Great Prayer Festival at Bodh Gaya presided over by the 14th Dalai Lama in 2002. Lama Tashi served as the Principal and the Director of the Central Institute of Himalayan Culture Studies, Dahung, India from 2003-2012 and 2012-2018 respectively. While at the Institute, he taught Buddhist Philosophy at University level students.
Education
At the age of 15, Lama Tashi joined The Bomdila Monastery for Buddhist study. Later, he joined Drepung Loseling Monastery to achieve Geshe Lharampa degree - a degree equivalent to Ph.D in modern academia.
International Tours & Performances
While studying the Buddhist Philosophy and Sacred Chant, Lama Tashi was selected by the Drepung Loseling Monastery to be on "Sacred Music and Sacred Dance for Planetary Healing" and "The Mystical of Tibet Tour" in U.S.A., Canada, Mexico and many other countries where he has shared stage with many well known artists like Michael Stipe of R.E.M, Sheryl Crow, Patti Smith, Philips Glass, Gilberto Gil of Brazil and many others performed in the Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center and Central Park in New York and Hollywood Bowl in California and National Mall at Washington D.C., USA, Auditorium of Rome, Rome and Teatro Massimo, Sicily, Italy, Esplanade, Singapore and City Hall, Hong Kong etc. During his international tours, he has taught, performed and recorded the multiphonic chants both independently ("THE LOST CORD", "CHANT MASTERS", "MEDICINE BUDDHA" and the "TIBETAN MASTER CHANTS") and with the monks of Drepung Loseling Monastery ("SACRED TIBETAN CHANTS", "SOUND OF VOID", "SACRED MUSIC AND SACRED DANCE" and the "COMPASSION"). Besides performing the multiphonic chants at several international stages, Lama Tashi has also given his services as a resource person and expert in several sound healing events produced and hosted by Jonathan Goldman at Sunrise Ranch Spiritual Retreat Center in Loveland, Colorado, U.S.A. Most of his recordings are focused either on mental healing or physical healing through sound healing and multiphonic chant.
Siddhartha Foundation
To preserve and invigorate the Tibetan Buddhist culture, Lama Tashi has founded a charitable organisation: Siddhartha Foundation, whose vision incorporates a number of different programs to benefit humanity including: Siddhartha Culture Center, Siddhartha Sponsorship Program, Siddhartha Health Service and Siddhartha Home for the Elderly.
Heal My Life Meditation App
Lama Tashi is a mentor of the Heal My Life Meditation App founded by a Faridabad-based Sr. Hypnotherapist, Tarun Bhatia, to help people practice self-healing breathing exercises and provide powerful affirmations for various life goals which can be recorded in the MP3 format and listened subliminally alongside the multiphonic chants and guided meditation of Lama Tashi for their mental and physical healing.
Discography of Lama Tashi
In 1997, Lama Tashi lent his voice in the soundtrack of Brad Pitt's biographical war drama film: Seven Years in Tibet. In 2004, he released his first music album: Tibetan Master Chants, for which, he won a Grammy Award Nomination in 2006 under the "Best Traditional World Music Album" category. The CD of the album was produced and recorded by Healing Sounds pioneer, Jonathan Goldman under the Spirit Music label.
References
External links
Drepung Loseling Monastery in India
Central Institute of Himalayan Culture Studies (CIHCS), Dahung, West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh
Bomdila Monastery
Sunrise Ranch Spiritual Retreat Center
HealMyLife Meditation App
Grammy Award Nomination for Buddhist Monk
Monk Heading to Grammys
The Enchanting Monk
Jonathan Goldman's Healing Sounds
1968 births
Living people
Geshes
Lamas
People from West Kameng district
Tibetan Buddhists from India
People from Bomdila
20th-century lamas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawang%20Tashi%20Bapu |
Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 refers to the crash of a Lockheed Super Constellation aircraft, N6915C, shortly after takeoff from San Francisco International Airport in the early morning hours of Thursday, December 24, 1964. There were 3 crewmen aboard: pilot Jabez A. Richards, 49, of Bayhead, New Jersey; Daniel W. Hennessy, 33, of Hillsborough, California, as co-pilot, and Paul M. Entz, 37, of North Hollywood, California, as flight engineer.
On Wednesday, December 23, 1964, Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 arrived at San Francisco International Airport from Japan. Filled with a cargo of electronic equipment, bolts of fabric, women's scarves, bandannas, purses, and costume jewelry for the Christmas holiday, the craft was refueled and then departed just after midnight with a crew of three, of cargo, of mail, and 5,000 gallons of high-octane aviation fuel. The weather was heavy fog and rain. A large cold front was moving onshore; it had already caused the loss of a Coast Guard helicopter.
Going northwest from San Francisco Bay, Flight 282 was to head out over the ocean to circle and gain altitude, then travel east toward its destination of JFK International Airport in New York City. Shortly after takeoff, however, the plane veered to the left of its planned course. The pilot subsequently asked the tower for permission to change his radio setting from takeoff to departure frequency. Seconds later, the plane vanished from the tower's radar scope.
The "Super Connie" crashed near the top of Sweeney Ridge in San Bruno, very close to the site of a Coast Guard radio station. All three crew members aboard were killed. No one on the ground was killed or injured.
The Civil Aeronautics Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was that the pilot, for undetermined reasons, deviated from departure course into an area of rising terrain, where downdraft activity and turbulence affected the ability of the craft to climb.
References
External links
CAB Aircraft Accident Report, SA-382 File No. 1-0064 – PDF
Transcription of the CAB Aircraft Accident Report, released June 8, 1966
Check-Six.com - The Crash of Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 - including period and recent photographs of the crash site
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1964
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
1964 in California
San Francisco International Airport
Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed Constellation
Airliner accidents and incidents in California
0282
History of San Mateo County, California
December 1964 events in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying%20Tiger%20Line%20Flight%20282 |
Sedov (masculine, ) or Sedova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anastasia Sedova (born 1995), Russian cross-country skier
Georgy Sedov (1877–1914), Russian Arctic explorer
Lev Sedov (1906–1938), son of Leon Trotsky
Leonid I. Sedov (1907–1999), physicist and first chair of space programme
Natalia Sedova (1882–1962), the second wife of Leon Trotsky
Pavel Sedov (born 1982), Russian ice hockey player
Sergei Sedov (1908–1937), another son of Leon Trotsky
Russian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedov%20%28surname%29 |
was a French retail banking network. It consisted of the following banks:
, Toulouse, Aquitaine (oldest existing bank in France, founded in 1760)
, Alsace, Lorraine
, Savoy
, Massif Central
, Lyon
, Limoges
, Marseille
itself in the rest of France
, a stock brokerage firm
is fully owned by Société Générale. specialises on professionals and small business. It serves about 1.5 million customers in more than 700 stores (2006).
History
started in Lille in 1848. After buying a number of small banks, it was, in turn, acquired by Paribas between 1972 (35% owned) and 1988 (100% owned) but remained run as a separate network. In the following years several regional French banks were brought in the group while retaining their names.
In 1984, it was the fifth-ranking French banking group. It rebranded itself, after working with Creative Business (a public relations company), with a new logo, graphics of its name, the architecture of its branches, and public relations. It changed its logo from an orange cube to a blue star.
In 1997, the whole network with the associated banks was acquired by from Paribas. Since 2000, is 80% owned by Société Générale and 20% by Dexia.
A full merger with Société Générale was achieved .
The customer-facing SG Crédit du Nord (SG meaning Société Générale) brand is applied to both the former Crédit du Nord, and the Société Générale branches in the North of France.
As with SG Crédit du Nord, the remaining Crédit du Nord banks' identities are also applied as regional brand names :
SG Tarneaud in Centre-Val de Loire and in parts of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (the remaining of the branches in Nouvelle-Aquitaine are named SG Sud-Ouest)
SG Courtois in Occitanie
SG SMC (for ) in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
SG Laydernier in parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (the remaining of the branches in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes are named SG Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)
Controversy
In 2010, the French government's (the department in charge of regulating competition) fined eleven banks, including , the sum of €384,900,000 for colluding to charge unjustified fees on check processing, especially for extra fees charged during the transition from paper check transfer to "Exchanges Check-Image" electronic transfer.
References
External links
Credit du Nord bank profile
Société Générale | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit%20du%20Nord |
Bessemer Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southeast of the central business district of Bessemer, a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a reliever airport for the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport.
Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this facility is assigned EKY by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.
Facilities and aircraft
Bessemer Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 700 feet (213 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 5/23 with an asphalt surface measuring 6,007 by 100 feet (1,831 x 30 m). An instrument landing system was installed in 2000. The airport received funding to expand the runway from . A Civil Air Patrol squadron also operates from this airport.
For the 12-month period ending January 27, 2010, the airport had 102,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 281 per day. At that time there were 99 aircraft based at this airport: 70% single-engine, 20% multi-engine, 7% jet and 3% helicopter.
References
External links
Bessemer Airport as an alternative to Birmingham International, Birmingham Business Journal, 3-Sep-2004
Birmingham Executive Aviation, the fixed-base operator (FBO)
Aerial image as of 6 March 1997 from USGS The National Map
Airports in Alabama
Bessemer, Alabama
Transportation buildings and structures in Jefferson County, Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer%20Airport |
Ian Rutherford Plimer (born 12 February 1946) is an Australian geologist and professor emeritus at the University of Melbourne. He rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He has been criticised by climate scientists for misinterpreting data and spreading misinformation.
Plimer previously worked as a professor of mining geology at the University of Adelaide, and the director of multiple mineral exploration and mining companies, He has also been a critic of creationism.
Early life and education
Ian Plimer grew up in Sydney and attended Normanhurst Boys High School. He earned a BSc (Hons) in mining engineering at the University of New South Wales in 1968, and a PhD in Geology at Macquarie University in 1976. His doctoral thesis (from 1973) was titled, The pipe deposits of tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth in eastern Australia.
Career
Academia
Plimer started as a tutor and senior tutor in earth sciences at Macquarie University from 1968 to 1973. After finishing his PhD, he became a lecturer in geology at the W.S. and L.B. Robinson University College of the University of New South Wales at Broken Hill from 1974 to 1979. Part of his work focused on the Broken Hill ore deposit—a large zinc-lead-silver mine in Australia. Plimer then went to work for North Broken Hill Ltd. between 1979 and 1982, becoming chief research geologist. Due to his publication of a number of academic papers, he was offered a job as senior lecturer in economic geology at the University of New England in 1982. After two years, he left to become a professor and head of geology at the University of Newcastle through 1991. Plimer later served as professor and head of geology of the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne from 1991 to 2005. He was conferred as professor emeritus of earth sciences at the University of Melbourne in 2005, and was a professor of mining geology at the University of Adelaide.
Plimer is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy; an honorary fellow of the Geological Society of London; a member of the Geological Society of Australia, the Royal Society of South Australia, and the Royal Society of New South Wales.
He co-edited the 2005 edition of Encyclopedia of Geology.
Mining companies
Plimer is the former non-executive director of CBH Resources Limited from 1998 to 2010, former non-executive director of Angel Mining plc from 2003 to 2005, former director of Kimberley Metals Limited from 2008 to 2009, former director of KBL Mining Limited from 2008 to 2009 and former director of Ormil Energy Limited from 2010 to 2011.
He is currently the non-executive deputy chairman of KEFI Minerals since 2006, independent non-executive director of Ivanhoe Australia Limited since 2007, chairman of TNT Mines Limited since 2010, non-executive director of Niuminco Group Limited (formerly DSF International Holdings Limited) since 2011, and non-executive director of Silver City Minerals Limited since 2011. Plimer was appointed director of Roy Hill Holdings and Queensland Coal Investments in 2012.
According to a columnist in The Age, Plimer earned over $400,000 (AUD) from several of these companies, and he has mining shares and options worth hundreds of thousands of Australian dollars. Plimer has stated that his business interests do not affect the independence of his beliefs. He has also warned that the proposed Australian carbon-trading scheme could decimate the Australian mining industry.
Views on climate change
He is a member of the academic advisory council for climate change denialist pressure group The Global Warming Policy Foundation, a member of Australians for Northern Development & Economic Vision (ANDEV), and was an allied expert for the Natural Resources Stewardship Project.
Plimer rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He accuses the environmental movement of being irrational, and claims that the vast bulk of the scientific community, including most major scientific academies, is prejudiced by the prospect of research funding. He characterised the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as: "The IPCC process is related to environmental activism, politics and opportunism" and "the IPCC process is unrelated to science". He is critical of greenhouse gas politics and says that extreme environmental changes are inevitable. Climatologists call his reasoning on climate change flawed, inaccurate and misleading and say he misrepresents their data.
Volcanoes and CO2
Plimer has said that volcanic eruptions release more carbon dioxide (CO2) than human activity; in particular that submarine volcanoes emit large amounts of CO2 and that the influence of the gases from these volcanoes on the Earth's climate is under-represented in climate models. The United States Geological Survey has calculated that human emissions of CO2 are about 130 times larger than volcanic emissions, including submarine emissions. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stated that Plimer's claim "has no factual basis." This was confirmed in a 2011 survey published in the Eos journal of the American Geophysical Union, which found that anthropogenic emissions of CO2 are 135 times larger than those from all volcanoes on Earth.
Heaven and Earth
In 2009, Plimer released Heaven and Earth, a book in which he says that climate models focus too strongly on the effects of carbon dioxide, and do not give the weight he thinks is appropriate to other factors such as solar variation. The aim of the book is to belittle the impact of humans on Earth by clouting all the other science like a blunt instrument, as in Plimer's words "I wanted to kill an ant with a sledgehammer." Critics of the book have accused Plimer of misrepresenting sources, misusing data, and engaging in conspiracy theories. Some critics have also described the book as unscientific, and said that it contains numerous errors from which Plimer draws false conclusions.
Copenhagen Climate Challenge
During the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 (COP15), Plimer spoke at a rival conference in Copenhagen for climate change deniers, called the Copenhagen Climate Challenge, which was organised by the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow. According to The Australian newspaper, Plimer was a star attraction of the two-day event. In closing his speech, Plimer stated that "They’ve got us outnumbered, but we’ve got them outgunned, and that’s with the truth."
El Niño, earthquakes and sea levels
Plimer has stated that El Niño is caused by earthquakes and volcanic activity at the mid-ocean ridges and that the melting of polar ice has nothing to do with man-made carbon dioxide. Plimer told Radio Australia that Pacific island nations are seeing changes in relative sea level not because of global warming but quite commonly due to other factors, such as "vibration consolidating the coral island sands", extraction of water, and extraction of sand for road and air strip making.
Political influence
In 2009, Plimer was cited by the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia, Tony Abbott, in dismissing the IPCC and its findings. But by 2011, Abbott had modified his position and stated that climate change is real and humanity makes a contribution to it.
In early 2010, Plimer toured Australia with British climate change denier Christopher Monckton, giving lectures on climate change, and Plimer's views came to be associated with Monckton's claim that the international left created the threat of catastrophic global warming. On this association, left-wing columnist Phillip Adams commented: "Praise the lord for Lord Monckton! For Ian Plimer! For [conservative columnist] Andrew Bolt! Not only does this evil axis of scientists tell lies [about the Greenhouse Effect] but they've also doctored the weather to frighten people with huge droughts, cyclones and tsunamis to prove what they now call 'global warming'." Plimer's book Not for Greens expanded his view. Climate scientist Ian McHugh has refuted a number of the scientific claims in the book.
Opposition to creationism
Plimer is an outspoken critic of creationism and is famous for a 1988 debate with creationist Duane Gish in which he asked his opponent to hold live electrical cables to prove that electromagnetism was 'only a theory'. Gish accused him of being theatrical, abusive and slanderous.
In 1990 Plimer's anti-creationist behaviour was criticised in Creation/Evolution journal, in an article titled "How Not to Argue with Creationists" by skeptic and anti-creationist Jim Lippard for (among other things) including false claims and errors, and "behaving poorly" in the 1988 Gish debate.
Book: Telling Lies for God
In his book Telling Lies for God: Reason vs Creationism (1994), Plimer attacked creationists in Australia, in specific the Queensland-based Creation Science Foundation (now called Creation Ministries International or CMI), saying that claims of a biblical global flood are untenable. In the book he also criticised aspects of traditional Christian belief and literal interpretations of the Bible, with chapters titled "Scientific Fraud: The Great Flood of Absurdities" and "Disinformation Doublespeak".
Court case
In the late 1990s, Plimer went to court alleging misleading and deceptive advertising under the Trade Practices Act 1974 against Noah's Ark searcher Allen Roberts, arising from Plimer's attacks on Roberts' claims concerning the location of Noah's Ark. Before the trial, Plimer was removed by police from public meetings at which Roberts spoke. The court ruled that Roberts' claims did not constitute trade or commerce, and so were not covered by the act. It found that Roberts had indeed made false and misleading claims on two of 16 instances cited by Plimer, Plimer had failed to show the other 14, and the two were minor enough to not require remedy. Plimer lost the case, and was ordered to pay his own and Roberts' legal costs estimated at over 500,000 Australian dollars.
Awards
1994 – Daley Prize, for communication of science, Australian Museum
1994 – Goldfields Prize, for best paper in Institution of Mining and Metallurgy
1995 – Eureka Prize, for promotion of science, Australian Museum
1995 – Australian Humanist of the Year, Humanist Society of New South Wales
1998 – Leopold-von-Buch-Plakette, German Geological Society
2001 – Centenary Medal, Australian Government
2002 – Eureka Prize, for best science book – A Short History of Planet Earth, Australian Museum
2004 – Clarke Medal, Royal Society of New South Wales
2005 – Rio Tinto Award, for Mining Excellence
2005 – Sir Willis Connolly Medal, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
2009 – 'Plimerite' a new phosphate mineral named in honor of Plimer for his contributions to the geology of ore deposits, in particular the Broken Hill deposit.
Bibliography
Mineral collecting localities of the Broken Hill district, Ian Plimer, Peacock Publications, Hyde Park, S.A., 1977 ()
Telling lies for God – reason vs creationism, Ian Plimer, Random House, Sydney, 1994 ()
Minerals and rocks of the Broken Hill, White Cliffs and Tibooburra districts : a guide to the rocks and minerals of the Broken Hill district, Ian Plimer, Peacock Publications, Norwood, S. Aust., 1994 ()
A journey through stone : the Chillagoe story, the extraordinary history and geology of one of the richest mineral deposits in the world, Ian Plimer, Reed Books, Kew, Vic., 1997 ()
A short history of planet Earth, Ian Plimer, ABC Books, 2001 ()
Heaven and Earth, Ian Plimer, Quartet Books (1 May 2009 hardcover ) and Taylor Trade Publishing, Lanham, MD, (July 2009 Paperback )
Not for greens: he who sups with the Devil should have a long spoon, Ian Pilmer, Connor Court Pub., Ballarat, Vic., 2014 ()
References
External links
Australian geologists
1946 births
University of New South Wales alumni
Macquarie University alumni
Non-fiction environmental writers
Academic staff of the University of Adelaide
Living people
Australian sceptics
Academic staff of the University of New England (Australia)
Academic staff of the University of Newcastle (Australia)
Academic staff of the University of Melbourne
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Plimer |
3D Systems, headquartered in Rock Hill, South Carolina, is a company that engineers, manufactures, and sells 3D printers, 3D printing materials, 3D scanners, and offers a 3D printing service. The company creates product concept models, precision and functional prototypes, master patterns for tooling, as well as production parts for direct digital manufacturing. It uses proprietary processes to fabricate physical objects using input from computer-aided design and manufacturing software, or 3D scanning and 3D sculpting devices.
3D Systems' technologies and services are used in the design, development, and production stages of many industries, including aerospace, automotive, healthcare, dental, entertainment, and durable goods. The company offers a range of professional- and production-grade 3D printers, as well as software, materials, and the online rapid part printing service On Demand. It is notable within the 3D printing industry for developing stereolithography and the STL file format. Chuck Hull, the CTO and former president, pioneered stereolithography and obtained a patent for the technology in 1986.
As of 2020, 3D Systems employed over 2400 people in 25 offices worldwide.
History
3D Systems was founded in Valencia, California by Chuck Hull, the inventor and patent-holder of the first stereolithography (SLA) rapid prototyping system. Prior to Hull's introduction of SLA rapid prototyping, concept models required extensive time and money to produce. The innovation of SLA reduced these resource expenditures while increasing the quality and accuracy of the resulting model. Early SLA systems were complex and costly, and required extensive redesigns before achieving commercial viability. Primary issues concerned hydrodynamic and chemical complications. In 1996, the introduction of solid-state lasers permitted Hull and his team to reformulate their materials. Engineers in transportation, healthcare, and consumer products helped fuel early phases of 3D Systems' rapid prototyping research and development. These industries remain key followers of 3D Systems' technology.
In late 2001, 3D Systems began an acquisitions program that expanded the company's technology through ownership of software, materials, printers, and printable content, as well as access to the skills of engineers and designers. The rate of 3D Systems' acquisitions (16 in 2011) raised questions with regard to the task facing the company's management team. Other onlookers pointed to the encompassing scope of the acquisitions as indicating calculated steps by 3D Systems to consolidate the 3D printing industry under one roof and logo, and to become capable of servicing each link in the scan/create-to-print chain.
In 2003, Hull was succeeded by Avi Reichental. Both Reichental and Hull are listed among the top twenty most influential people in rapid technologies by TCT Magazine. Hull remains an active member of 3D Systems' board and serves as the company's Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President. In 2005, 3D Systems relocated its headquarters to Rock Hill, South Carolina, citing a favorable business climate, a sustained lower cost of doing business, and significant investment and tax benefits as reasons for the move.
In May 2011, 3D Systems transferred from NASDAQ (TDSC) to the New York Stock Exchange (DDD). In 2012, a Gray Wolf Report predicted 3D Systems' rate of growth to be unsustainable, pointing to inflated impressions from acquisitions as a corporate misstatement of organic growth. 3D Systems responded to this article on November 19, 2012, claiming it to "contain materially false statements and erroneous conclusions that we believe defamed the company and its reputation and resulted in losses to our shareholders."
In January 2014 it was announced that 3D Systems had acquired the Burbank, CA-based collectibles company Gentle Giant, which designs, develops, and manufactures three-dimensional representations of characters from a variety of globally recognized franchises, including Star Wars, Harry Potter, The Simpsons, and The Lord of the Rings. In July 2014, 3D Systems announced the acquisition of Israeli medical imaging company Simbionix for . In September 2014, 3D Systems acquired the Leuven, Belgium-based LayerWise, a principal provider of direct metal 3D printing and manufacturing services spun off from KU Leuven. The terms of the acquisition were not disclosed by either company. The takeover added Belgium to the list of countries where 3D Systems has active locations.
In January 2015, 3D Systems acquired the 3D printer manufacturer botObjects, the first company to commercialize a full-color printer using the fused filament fabrication technique. botObjects was founded by Martin Warner (CEO) and Mike Duma (CTO). botObjects' proprietary 5-color CMYKW cartridge system was claimed to be able to generate color combinations and gradients by mixing primary printing colors. There was some skepticism about botObjects' claims.
In April 2015, 3D Systems announced its acquisition of the Chinese Easyway Group, creating 3D Systems China. Easyway is a Chinese 3D printing sales and service provider, with key operations in Shanghai, Wuxi, Beijing, Guangdong, and Chongqing.
In October 2015, Reichental stepped down as the president and CEO of 3D Systems, Inc. and was replaced on an interim basis by the company's chief legal officer Andrew Johnson. Vyomesh Joshi (VJ) was appointed as president and CEO on April 4, 2016. On May 14, 2020, the 3D Systems board named Jeff Graves as president and CEO, effective May 26. He remains the CEO as of February 17, 2023.
Technology
3D Systems manufactures stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), color-jet printing (CJP), multi-jet printing (MJP), and direct metal printing (DMP, a version of SLS that uses metal powder) systems. Each technology uses digital 3D data to create parts through an additive layer-by-layer process. The systems vary in their materials, print capacities, and applications.
Color jet printing uses inkjet technology to deposit a liquid binder across a bed of powder. Powder is released and spread with a roller to form each new layer. This technology was originally developed by Z Corporation.
Multi-jet printing refers to the process of depositing liquid photopolymers onto a build surface using inkjet technology. A high resolution is attainable, with a support material that can be easily removed in post-processing.
Products and patents
As part of 3D Systems' effort to consolidate 3D printing under one company, its products span a range of 3D printers and print products to target users of its technologies across industries. 3D Systems offers both professional and production printers. In addition to printers, 3D Systems offers content creation software, including reverse engineering software and organic 3D modeling software. Following a razor and blades model, 3D Systems offers more than one hundred materials to be used with its printers, including waxes, rubber-like materials, metals, composites, plastics and nylons.
3D Systems is a closed-source company, using in-house technologies for product development and patents to protect their technologies from competitors. Critics of the closed-source model have blamed seemingly slow development and innovation in 3D printing not on a lack of technology, but on a lack of open information sharing within the industry, and supporters argue that the right to patents inspires and motivates higher-quality innovations, leading to a better and more impressive final product.
In November 2012, 3D Systems filed a lawsuit against prosumer 3D printer company Formlabs and the Kickstarter crowdfunding website over Formlabs' attempt to fund a printer which it claimed infringed its patent on "Simultaneous multiple layer curing in stereolithography." The legal procedure lasted more than two years and was significant enough to be covered in a Netflix documentary about 3D printing, called "Print the Legend".
3D Systems has applied for patents for the following innovations and technologies: the rapid prototyping and manufacturing system and method; radiation-curable compositions useful in image projection systems; compensation of actinic radiation intensity profiles for 3D modelers; apparatus and methods for cooling laser-sintered parts; radiation-curable compositions useful in solid freeform fabrication systems; apparatus for 3D printing using imaged layers; compositions and methods for selective deposition modeling; edge smoothness with low-resolution projected images for use in solid imaging; an elevator and method for tilting a solid image build platform for reducing air entrapment and for build release; selective deposition modeling methods for improved support-object interface; region-based supports for parts produced by solid freeform fabrication; additive manufacturing methods for improved curl control and sidewall quality; support and build material and applications.
Applications and industries
3D Systems’ products and services are used across industries to assist, either in part or in full, the design, manufacture and/or marketing processes. 3D Systems' technologies and materials are used for prototyping and the production of functional end-use parts, in addition to fast, precise design communication. Current 3D Systems-reliant industries include automotive, aerospace and defense, architecture, dental and healthcare, consumer goods, and manufacturing.
Examples of industry-specific applications include:
Aerospace, for the manufacture and tooling of complex, durable and lighter-weight flight parts
Architecture, for structure verification, design review, client concept communication, reverse structure engineering, and expedited scaled modeling
Automotive, for design verification, difficult visualizations, and new engine development
Defense, for lightweight flight and surveillance parts and the reduction of inventory with on-demand printing
Dentistry, for restorations, molds and treatments. Invisalign orthodontics devices use 3D Systems' technologies.
Education, for equation and geometry visualizations, art education, and design initiatives
Entertainment, for the manufacture and prototyping of action figures, toys, games and game components; printing of sustainable guitars and basses, multifunction synthesizers, etc.
Healthcare, for customized hearing aids and prosthetics, improved medicine delivery methods, respiratory devices, therapeutics, and flexible endoscopy and laparoscopy devices for improved procedures and recovery times
Manufacturing, for faster product development cycles, mold production, prototypes, and design troubleshooting
For industries such as aerospace and automotive, 3D Systems' technologies have reduced the time needed to incorporate design drafts and enabled the production of more efficient parts of lighter weight. Because 3D printing builds layer-by-layer according to design, it does not need to accommodate the traditional manufacturing tools of subtractive methods, often resulting in lighter parts and more efficient geometries.
Operations
In 2007, the company consolidated its offices, operations, and research and development functions into a new global headquarters in Rock Hill, South Carolina, US. About half of the headquarters’ consist of research and development laboratories with an Rapid Manufacturing Center (RMC) with 3D Systems’ rapid prototyping, rapid manufacturing and 3D printing systems at work.
With customers in 80 countries, 3D Systems has over 2100 employees in 25 worldwide locations, including San Francisco, Leuven, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, South Korea, Brazil, the United Kingdom, China and Japan. The company has more than 359 U.S. and foreign patents.
In 2019, the company consolidated resources within its On Demand domestic rapid printing service locations into Littleton, Seattle, Lawrenceburg, and Wilsonville. Restructuring and additions were made to the Lawrenceburg facility for future expansions and growth, which nearly doubled its size.
Community involvement and partnerships
3D Systems is involved in a multi-year agreement with the Smithsonian Institution as part of an effort to strengthen collections' stewardship and increase collection accessibility through 3D representations. In 2012, 3D Systems began partnering with the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards in the Future New category, where three winners are awarded with a $1000 scholarship in addition to the prizes and recognition granted to winners by the Scholastic Awards, and contributed two production-grade 3D printers to the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI), which aims to re-localize manufacturing and increase US manufacturing competitiveness. 3D Systems is also a corporate underwriter of the National Children's Oral Health Foundation (NCOHF), which delivers educational, preventative and treatment oral health services to children in at-risk populations.
On February 18 of 2014, Ekso Bionics debuted the first ever 3D-printed hybrid exoskeleton in collaboration with 3D Systems.
See also
List of 3D printer manufacturers
References
External links
1986 establishments in California
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
3D printer companies
Computer-aided design
Manufacturing companies based in South Carolina
Technology companies established in 1986
American companies established in 1986
Manufacturing companies established in 1986
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
Technology companies of the United States
Fused filament fabrication
Rock Hill, South Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20Systems |
The House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land. One branch of the Courtenays became a royal house of the Capetian dynasty, cousins of the Bourbons and the Valois, and achieved the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
Origin
The house was founded by Athon, the first lord of Courtenay in France. Athon took advantage of the succession crisis in the Duchy of Burgundy between Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy and King Robert II of France to capture a piece of land for himself, where he established his own seigneury (lordship), taking his surname from the town he founded and fortified.
Athon was succeeded by his son Joscelin, who had three sons: Miles, who was Lord of Courtenay after him; Prince Joscelin, who joined the First Crusade and became Count of Edessa; and Geoffrey, who also fought in the Holy Land and died there.
In the 12th century, Reginald de Courtenay (d.1190), son of Milo de Courtenay (d.1127), quarrelled with King Louis VII of France and moved to England: His French lands were forfeit, and passed, with his daughter Elizabeth, to Louis' brother Peter, who took the name "Peter de Courtenay". His son, Peter II, later became Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
The Crusader house of Courtenay
Joscelin de Courtenay arrived in Outremer with the third wave of the First Crusade and proved himself capable, becoming in turn Lord of Turbessel, Prince of Galilee, and (in 1118) Count of Edessa, succeeding his cousin King Baldwin II of Jerusalem.
He was succeeded in 1131 by his son, Joscelin II, but the county was lost in 1144, and Joscelin died in captivity in 1159.
His son, Joscelin III, was the titular Count, while his sister, Agnes, became Queen of Jerusalem by marriage to King Amalric.
Amalric's second wife, Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem, became the wife of Balian of Ibelin, of the House of Ibelin. Joscelin III died in the 1190s, succeeded by two daughters; his last property was passed by them to the Teutonic Order. His sister, Agnes of Courtenay, was mother to two monarchs, King Baldwin the Leper and Queen Sibylla. She later married Hugh of Ibelin, brother of Balian, who surrendered Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187.
The English House of Courtenay
Reginald de Courtenay's grandson, Robert de Courtenay (d.1242), feudal baron of Okehampton, Devon (in right of his mother Hawise de Curcy (d.1219),) married Mary de Redvers, daughter and heiress of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon (d.1217), seated at Tiverton Castle and Plympton Castle in Devon. On the death of Isabel de Forz, suo jure 8th Countess of Devon in 1293 (the sister and heiress of Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon (1236–1262)) she was succeeded by her cousin Hugh de Courtenay, 1st/9th Earl of Devon (d.1340), feudal baron of Okehampton, the great-grandson of Robert de Courtenay (d.1242).
His title of Earl of Devon was not however officially recognised until 1335, and it remains unclear whether it was a new creation or a continuation of the Redvers title, with different modern sources giving him as either 1st or 9th Earl of Devon. The senior line seated at Tiverton, Okehampton and Plympton, died out in 1471 during the Wars of the Roses, but the Earldom was recreated three more times in 1485, 1511 and 1553 for cousins, all descended from the eldest son of the 2nd/10th Earl. William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1475–1511), would marry Princess Catherine of the Royal House of York, a younger daughter of King Edward IV, bringing the Earls of Devon very close to the line of succession to the English throne.
On the death of Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1527–1556), unmarried at Padua in 1556, the subject of the final creation of 1553, the title was considered extinct until declared in 1831 by the House of Lords to have been merely dormant, when it was confirmed to William Courtenay, Viscount Courtenay (1768–1835) (of the surviving junior line seated at Powderham Castle in Devon, descended from the fourth son of the 2nd/10th Earl) who became the 9th Earl of Devon. The family survives in the male line and is headed by Charles Courtenay, 19th Earl of Devon, of Powderham.
The Capetian House of Courtenay
Reginald de Courtenay's daughter, Elizabeth, was given in marriage, together with his forfeited French lands, by the French Capetian King Louis VII with whom he had quarreled, to his youngest brother Peter of France (d.1183), henceforth known as Peter I of Courtenay. Peter and Elizabeth's descendants were members of the Capetian House of Courtenay, a cadet branch of the House of Capet, the French royal house. Their descendants acquired through marriage the County of Namur and the Latin Empire of Constantinople. This branch became extinct in the male line in 1733, with the name Courtenay passing on to the Princely House of Bauffremont. Notable members of the Bauffremonts became Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial Count by Napoleon Bonaparte and Duke by Louis XVIII.
Claim to French royal status
The House of Bourbon, which acquired the French throne with the accession of Henry IV of France in 1589, was another cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. Under the Salic law, males descended in male line from Hugh Capet are princes of the blood—i.e., they have the right to succeed to the French throne in the event that the male line of the royal family and of more senior princes die out. Hence, the then-impoverished Capetian House of Courtenay, being agnatic descendants of Louis VI of France, sought to be acknowledged as "princes du sang" (Princes of the Blood Royal) and "cousins to the king", two titles normally reserved for the members of the royal family and prized for the seats at the Royal Council and the Parliament of Paris that they conferred upon its holders.
Moreover, the Bourbons had difficulty producing surviving male dynasts in quantity until the mid-17th century. The Capetian Courtenays were, after their cousins the Bourbons, the most senior surviving agnatic branch of the House of Capet, and under strict application of Salic law the Crown would pass to them should the Bourbons fall extinct.
Three Bourbon kings in a row—Henry IV, Louis XIII and Louis XIV—turned down their petitions. That the Bourbon monarchs confined the French royalty to the descendants of Louis IX is evidenced by the Treaty of Montmartre (1662) which named the non-Capetian House of Lorraine as the next in line to the French throne after the Bourbons, thus bypassing the Courtenay branch, a Capetian family. Although the Courtenays protested against this clause, their claims to the princely title were never acknowledged by the Paris Court of Accounts.
The last male member of the French Courtenays died in 1733. His niece married the marquis de Bauffremont, and their descendants assumed the title of "Prince de Courtenay" with dubious validity, which they bear to this day. The marquis de Bauffremont was made on 8 June 1757 Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (inheritable by all male-line descendants); this title was recognised in France. Bauffremont-Courtenay are also princes of Carency and dukes of Bauffremont.
Genealogy
Athon
Joscelin I of Courtenay, married 1. Hildegarde de Gâtinais (sister of Geoffrey III of Anjou), 2. Isabel de Montlhéry, daughter of Guy I of Montlhéry
Hodierna, married
Miles of Courtenay (d.1127), married Ermengarde of Nevers
William de Courtenay
Joscelin de Courtenay
Reginald de Courtenay (d. 1190), married firstly, Hélène du Donjon, and secondly, after his move to England, Maud du Sap, d.1219, daughter of Robert FitzEdith (d.1172) (illegitimate son of King Henry I of England by Edith FitzForne).
Renaud de Courtenay (d. 1194), married Hawise de Curcy, heiress to the English feudal barony of Okehampton, Devon.
Robert de Courtenay (d.1242) feudal baron of Okehampton, married Lady Mary de Redvers, d. of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon (d.1217)
John de Courtenay (d.1274)
Hugh de Courtenay (d.1292)
Hugh de Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon (d.1340)
(Earls of Devon)
Elizabeth de Courtenay, married Peter I of Courtenay (d.1183), son of King Louis VI of France.
(Capetian branch)
Joscelin I, Count of Edessa, married 1. Beatrice (daughter of Constantine I of Armenia), 2. Maria of Salerno (sister of Roger of Salerno)
Joscelin II, Count of Edessa, married Beatrice
Joscelin III of Edessa, married Alice of Milly
Beatrix de Courtenay, married Otto von Botenlauben (Count of Henneberg)
Agnes, married William of La Mandelie
Agnes of Courtenay, married 1. Reginald of Marash, 2. King Amalric of Jerusalem, 3. Hugh of Ibelin, 4. Reginald of Sidon
Isabella of Courtenay, married Prince Thoros II of Armenia
Geoffrey of Champlay
References
Bibliography
Runciman, Steven (1951) A History of the Crusades: Vols. I-II. Cambridge University Press
Sanders, I.J. (1960) English Baronies. Oxford
Kenneth Setton (1969) A History of the Crusades. Univ. Wisconsin
External links
Cleaveland, Ezra. A Genealogical History of the Noble and Illustrious Family of Courtenay, Exeter, 1735
Courtenay
Courtenay
Courtenay | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Courtenay |
USS Neuendorf (DE-200) was a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was sunk as a target in 1967.
History
Namesake
USS Neuendorf was named in honour of Seaman First Class William Frederick Neuendorf (1916–1941), who was killed in action aboard the battleship , as gun captain of No. 6 A.A. gun, gave an example of leadership, skill, and bravery that is remarked upon by all who observed it during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. He was commended posthumously "for distinguished devotion to duty and extraordinary courage and disregard for his own safety[,]" and was the most junior sailor mentioned specifically for distinguished conduct in the after action report of USS Nevada regarding the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Pacific War
Neuendorf was laid down at the Charleston Navy Yard on 15 February 1943. The ship was launched on 1 June 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Edna Rose Morton, the sister of W. F. Neuendorf, Jr., SN1. The destroyer escort was commissioned on 18 October 1943.
Following shakedown off Bermuda and availability at the Charleston Navy Yard, Neuendorf, a unit of CortDiv 37, proceeded to New Orleans where she joined troop transports en route to Panama. Transiting the Canal, the destroyer escort headed west, arriving at Nouméa on 28 January 1944. Through March she escorted supply and transport vessels in the Solomons and the New Hebrides and guarded fleet oilers as they rendezvoused with ships operating against Truk and the Palaus.
Next assigned to the 7th Fleet, she reported for duty at Milne Bay, New Guinea, on 7 April. From there, she completed an escort run to Lae and then shepherded resupply echelons to the newly seized beaches at Hollandia, Aitape, and Tanahmerah Bay. By 18 May, she stood off Wakde Island with an LST echelon which unloaded quickly and sailed for Hollandia the same day. Escort assignments to Aitape, Hollandia and Wakde followed until June when Saidor, Manus and Biak were added to her destinations. Between 25 June and 7 July, she conducted ASW patrol off the latter, then off Aitape and at the end of the month resumed escort work.
In mid-August, she returned to Purvis Bay to resume escort work in the Solomons until 13 October when she sailed for Manus and another tour with the 7th Fleet. After escorting an ammunition supply group to Kossol Roads and an oiler group to Hollandia, she bombarded enemy shore installations in the Maffin Bay area and then departed Wakde to guard an LST echelon to Leyte, arriving on 15 November. Getting under way for Hollandia again the same day, she underwent intensive training in preparation for the upcoming Luzon offensive.
On 2 January 1945, she headed for the Philippines with a small oiler group. Rendezvousing with the Lingayen Minesweeping Group, the force headed through Surigao Strait and into Leyte Gulf. Enemy aircraft plagued the force as it steamed north toward Mindoro where the oilers anchored in Mangarin Bay under the protective watch of Neuendorf and sister ship . Between 5 January and 21 February, Neuendorf conducted ASW and HUK patrols, served radar picket duty, and escorted the tankers on refueling missions.
On the 22nd, the destroyer escort returned to Leyte for tender availability, after which she resumed escort work between New Guinea and the Philippines. On 15 April, she was designated flagship for Commander, Local Naval Defense Forces, Iloilo, Panay. There for the next four months, she returned to Leyte after the cessation of hostilities, made an escort run to Okinawa and on 1 October departed the Philippines and headed home.
Decommissioning and fate
Arriving at San Diego on 23 October, Neuendorf underwent inactivation overhaul and on 14 May 1946 decommissioned and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She remained a unit of that fleet until authorized for use as a target and struck from the Navy List on 1 July 1967. She was sunk on 30 November 1967.
Awards
Neuendorf earned three battle stars during World War II. Combat Action Ribbon, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal w/ 3 stars, World War II Victory Medal, Philippine Liberation Ribbon
References
External links
Buckley-class destroyer escorts
Ships built in Charleston, South Carolina
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
1943 ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Neuendorf |
Pearl of Great Price may refer to:
Parable of the Pearl, a parable told by Jesus in explaining the value of the Kingdom of Heaven
Pearl (poem), a Middle English alliterative poem written in the late 14th century
Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism), part of the standard works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Pearl of Great Price (album), 1991 album by industrial music band Will
See also
Hymn of the Pearl, a passage of the apocryphal Acts of Thomas
New Testament words and phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20of%20Great%20Price |
Marko Mäetamm (born 13 December 1965, in Viljandi, Estonia) is an Estonian multimedia artist, working within the mediums of video, drawing and the internet.
Mäetamm began studying graphic art at the Estonian Academy of Arts in 1988 and received his M.A. from the academy in 1996. Mäetamm also studied practicing print technologies at the Swedish Royal Art High School.
His professional art career spanning over two decades, Mäetamm emerged as one of the most prominent artists in Estonia upon graduating from Estonian Art Academy. Marko Mäetamm has exhibited internationally since the 1990s and represented Estonia at the 52nd Venice Bienniale in 2007 and in 2003 as a part of artists duo John Smith (with Kaido Ole) in the Estonian pavilion.
Throughout his practice, the artist's primary focus has been on family life, which he has explored though videos and paintings. Treating the family as a microcosm of a wider socio-political and economic models, Mäetamm collects petty every-day situations, presenting them filtered through a prism of his unmistakable dark humour. Partly inspired by his own private life, Mäetamm's work explores the grey area where ambiguous feelings of being in control and being controlled merge.
Awards
2008 Order of the White Star V Class
2002 Painting's Prize of the Estonian Painter's Association.
2000 Kristjan Raud annual art award
2000 Harpoon. Annual art award of Vaal Gallery
1999 Stipendium of Cultural Endowment
1997 UNDP annual prize
Books by Marko Mäetamm
MARKO und KAIDO - Under the pen name "John Smith". Center for Contemporary Arts, Estonia. Tallinn, 2003
Rääkivad majad - Speaking Houses. R/I/B/O/P, Tallinn, 2003
References/External links
Marko Mäetamm's Homepage
Temnikova & Kasela gallery
Marko Mäetamm's profile at Estonian Contemporary Art Center's webpage
Interview with Marko Mäetamm, Arterritory.com
Ikon Gallery, Birmingham
1965 births
Living people
People from Viljandi
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 5th Class
20th-century Estonian male artists
21st-century Estonian male artists
Estonian Academy of Arts alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko%20M%C3%A4etamm |
The Taurus PT 24/7 is a semi-automatic pistol using the short type of recoil operation, and available in various models with double-action-only (DAO) and double action/single-action-type trigger actions. Using a hammerless, striker-fired design, these pistols are manufactured by Forjas Taurus S/A (Taurus Forge) in Porto Alegre Brazil and distributed in the United States by their subsidiary Taurus USA. The 24/7 product line was designed for the civilian concealed carry firearms market, and as backup weapons for law enforcement officers.
In 2016, the PT24/7 was included in the settlement of a lawsuit which alleged that it, and certain other Taurus handguns, could fire accidentally if dropped and that Taurus covered up the safety defects. Without admitting guilt, the company paid $39 million, extended the warranties, and recalled the pistols for repair. As of April 2017, the manufacturer's website says that it is no longer being made. It has been superseded by the 24/7/G2.
Design features
The 24/7 pistol features an injection molded polymer frame with blued carbon steel, stainless steel, or titanium slides. Available cartridge chamberings include 9×19mm Parabellum, .40 Smith & Wesson, and .45 ACP. Magazine capacities vary between 6, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 17 rounds depending on model and caliber. The PT 24/7 pistols share several safety innovations with other Taurus product lines, including a positive firing pin block as well as the 'Taurus Safety Latch', a transfer bar safety which prevents firing of the pistol unless the trigger is pulled. Together these safeties assure that the pistol will not fire if it is accidentally dropped; selected models have been certified as satisfying the California drop safety requirement. In 2016, the pistols were recalled due to a failure of this safety feature.
All 24/7 models also include a frame-mounted manual safety lever, and are equipped with an integrated firearm locking safety system, which Taurus calls the ‘Taurus Security System' (TSS). 24/7 pistols are also equipped with a visible/tactile loaded chamber indicator and a dust cover Picatinny accessory rail integration system, allowing for the attachment of accessories such as laser sights or tactical lights. Sights on 24/7 pistols vary by model, basic models are equipped with fixed open iron sights with a single high contrast/visibility dot on the front sight. Three-dot sights and Heinie ‘Straight Eight’ combat sights are available for the Pro and OSS models, as well as Tritium night sights.
Handling characteristics of 24/7 pistols are enhanced by features such as an ambidextrous decocking lever and ergonometric design which Taurus calls 'Memory pads', consisting of various grooves which promote proper consistent hand placement for superior handling control. In addition, a secure grasp of the pistol grip is afforded by a high adhesion gripping surface. An option on selected basic 24/7 pistols and standard on Pro models is a soft, ribbed, non-slip, hand-conforming grip which Taurus dubbed the ‘Ribber’.
Trigger actions
The earlier standard versions of the 24/7 pistol came equipped with single-action-only triggers (after a long "take-up"), as once the slide is "racked," the firing pin/striker is made ready for firing and there is no mechanism to release it aside from pulling the trigger. This system differs from most dual-action triggers in that the initial pull is single-action with the double-action coming into play only on a misfire. Most dual-action triggers are double-action on the initial shot, with subsequent shots being single-action. This system allows for two major advantages; one being that the initial trigger pull is light and crisp, therefore more controllable, and the second being that if a round misfires, the trigger can be quickly pulled again in double-action mode, repeating the attempt to fire the recalcitrant round. This type of SA/DA system, pioneered on Taurus pistols, is much faster and simpler than the standard tap, rack, bang method of clearing a dud cartridge. The later Pro "DS" models and some of the "OSS" pistols sport a de-cocking lever to safely release the striker, even on a live round, thus requiring a double-action pull for the first shot. This feature gives the shooter the option of utilizing the pistol in a more traditional DA/SA manner, which will, of course, still default to double-action should a cartridge fail to fire.
OSS series
The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) issued requirements in 2005 for a new .45 ACP service pistol and requested interested firearms manufacturers to submit models for field trial testing. With a large U.S. government defense contract for as many as 650,000 pistols and related accessories in the balance, Taurus was one of many companies to respond, submitting an upgraded 24/7 design they dubbed the ‘OSS’ model. When the USSOCOM request was at first delayed, and eventually indefinitely shelved, Taurus decided to offer its submission to the civilian marketplace where it garnered much attention and popularity, eventually winning the National Rifle Association (NRA) Handgun of the Year award in 2005. The OSS models feature a 5.25 inch match grade forged barrel and a 3 position safety system - the bottom position enables the pistol to fire, the middle setting puts it in 'safe' condition, and the upper decocks the striker. This arrangement results in several carry options for the user as the gun can be carried with a round in the chamber ‘cocked and locked’ in ‘Condition one’ (striker cocked with safety on), or the arguably safer ‘Condition Two’ (striker decocked and safety off, requiring a revolver-like DA pull to both cock and fire the pistol), or even with the striker decocked and the safety on. The OSS retains the loaded chamber indicator of the other 24/7 models, and additionally allows visual verification that the pistol is ready to fire as the striker can be seen when the pistol is cocked.
See also
List of firearms
References
External links
24/7 G2 Model - Taurus USA Web site
.45 ACP semi-automatic pistols
.40 S&W semi-automatic pistols
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
Semi-automatic pistols of Brazil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus%20PT24/7 |
The Alfa Romeo 105 and 115 series coupés are a range of cars made by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1963 until 1977, based on a shortened floorpan from the Giulia saloon. They were the successors to the Giulietta Sprint coupé.
Bodywork
The basic body shape shared by all models was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro for Bertone. It was one of his first major projects for Bertone, and borrowed heavily from his earlier design for the Alfa Romeo 2000 Sprint/2600 Sprint. The balance of glass and metal, the influence of the shape of the front and rear glass on the shape of the cabin, and the flat grille with incorporated headlamps were groundbreaking styling features for the era.
A limited production (1000 units) convertible was a modification from the standard car by Touring of Milan, offered as a catalogue model by Alfa Romeo called the Giulia Sprint GTC.
A small number of the GT Junior Zagato were also built with a very different, aerodynamic two-seater coupé body designed by Ercole Spada for Zagato of Milan. These too were offered by Alfa Romeo as catalogue models, as the GT 1300 Junior Zagato and later GT 1600 Junior Zagato.
Mechanical features
All models feature the four cylinder, all-light-alloy Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine in various cubic capacities from 1290 cc to 1962 cc, all with two valves per cylinder. All versions of this engine fitted to the 105 series coupés featured twin carburetors, except for US market 1750 GTV and 2000 GTV cars which were fitted with mechanical port fuel injection by SPICA. Competition models featured cylinder heads with twin spark plugs. Common to all models was also a 5-speed manual transmission and solid disc brakes on all four wheels, although at South Africa's Brits plant a few automatic 2000 GTVs were made for the local market. These featured the three-speed ZF automatic transmission. The rear suspension uses a solid axle with coil springs. Air conditioning and a limited slip rear differential were optional on the later models. A limited slip differential was standard on the GTV 2000 for North America 1972–1974. Factory air conditioning was available on the 1973-1974 only in the USA.
Models
The 105 series coupés featured the GT (Gran Turismo) model description, which was common to all models in one form or another.
The various models in this range can be considered in two broad categories.
On one hand were the various Gran Turismos (GT) and Gran Turismo Veloces (GTV), (veloce is Italian for "fast"). These were meant to be the most sporting cars in the Alfa Romeo range and sold very well to enthusiastic motorists around the world. The first model available was the Giulia Sprint GT (1963) which evolved into the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce (1966), the 1750 GTV (1967) and the 2000 GTV (1972–1976), with engines increasing in cubic capacity from 1570 cc (Giulia Sprint GT/GTV) through 1779 cc (1750 GTV) to 1962 cc (2000 GTV). A limited production (1000 units) convertible, the Giulia Sprint GTC, was based on the Giulia Sprint GT, modified by Touring of Milan. It was only made over two years from 1964 to 1966.
On the other hand, was the GT Junior range, which featured engines with smaller cubic capacities. GT Juniors sold in great numbers to people who wanted a sporting, stylish car that handled well, but either did not require the maximum in engine power, or could not afford the taxation on larger engine capacities in some markets - most notably, Alfa Romeo's home Italian market. Junior models began with the first GT 1300 Junior in 1966. The GT 1300 Junior continued until 1976 with the 1290 cc engine and various modifications incorporating features from the evolution of the GT's and GTV's. From 1972 a GT 1600 Junior model was also available, with the 1570 cc engine.
The 1300 Junior and 1600 Junior also became available with a very different, aerodynamic two-seater coupé body designed by Ercole Spada for Zagato of Milan. These models were the GT 1300 Junior Zagato and GT 1600 Junior Zagato.
Both categories were used to derive GTA ("Alleggerita", or "lightened") models, which were specifically intended for competition homologation in their respective engine size classes. The GTA's featured extensive modifications for racing, so they were priced much higher than the standard models and sold in much smaller numbers. Practically all GTA's made were used in competition, where they had a long and successful history in various classes and category. These models included the Giulia Sprint GTA, GTA 1300 Junior, and GTAm (a much evolved version of the GTA built by Autodelta).
Although not commonly thought of as a 105 Series coupé variant, the Alfa Romeo Montreal used a strengthened and slightly modified 105 series floorpan and suspension.
GT and GTV models
Giulia Sprint GT (1963–1965)
Tipo: 105.02, 105.04 (right hand drive). Engine: 00502.
The Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint GT was the first Giulia sport model introduced, and was manufactured from 1963 to 1965. It was revealed at a press event held at the then newly opened Arese plant on 9 September 1963, and displayed later the same month at the Frankfurt Motor Show. In its original form the Bertone body is known as scalino (step) or "step front", because of the leading edge of the engine compartment lid which sat above the nose of the car. The Giulia Sprint GT can be distinguished from the later models by the following features:
Exterior badging: Alfa Romeo logo on the front grille, a chrome script reading "Giulia Sprint GT" on the boot lid, and rectangular "Disegno di Bertone" badges aft of the front wheel arches.
Flat, chrome grille in plain, wide rectangular mesh without additional chrome bars.
Single-piece chrome bumpers; no overriders.
Inside the cabin the padded vinyl dashboard was characterised by a concave horizontal fascia, finished in grey anti-glare crackle-effect paint. Four round instruments were inset in the fascia in front of the driver. The larger diameter inner pair were tachometer and speedometer; the outer ones were smaller combination instruments, the left hand one holding oil pressure and fuel level gauges, the right hand one oil and water temperature gauges. The steering wheel was non-dished, with three aluminium spokes, a thin bakelite rim and a centre horn button. Vinyl-covered seats with cloth centres and a fully carpeted floor were standard, while leather upholstery was an extra-cost option.
The Sprint GT's could be ordered in the Bertone De Luxe body which included extra options. One of the extra options was leather seats. There were five leather seat colours available for the Sprint GT they were dark brown leather (pelle testa di moro), red leather (pelle rossa), black, grey and beige.
After initially marketing it as a four-seater, Alfa Romeo soon changed its definition of the car to a more realistic 2+2.
The Giulia Sprint GT was fitted with the 1570 cc displacement version of Alfa Romeo's all-aluminium twin cam inline four (78 mm bore × 82 mm stroke, 6.38 L oil sump, 7.41 L radiator), which had debuted on the 1962 Giulia Berlina. Breathing through two twin-choke Weber carburettors, on the Sprint GT this engine produced or at 6000 rpm. Like all subsequent models, the Sprint GT was equipped with an all-synchromesh 5-speed manual transmission. The braking system comprised four Brembo disc brakes and a vacuum servo. The rear brakes featured an unusual arrangement with the slave cylinders mounted on the axle tubes, operating the calipers by a system of levers and cranks. According to Alfa Romeo the car could reach a top speed of "over "; Italian car magazine Quattroruote observed a top speed of in its December 1964 road test.
In total Giulia Sprint GT were produced from 1963 to 1965, when the model was superseded by the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce. Of these were right hand drive: 1,354 cars fully finished in Arese, and 920 shipped in complete knock-down kit form for foreign assembly.
Giulia GTC (1964–1966)
Tipo: 105.25, 105.29 (right hand drive). Engine: 00502.
The Alfa Romeo Giulia GTC was a cabriolet version of the Giulia Sprint GT only offered between 1965 and 1966, and built in around 1,000 examples. While entering production in 1964, the cabriolet was introduced to the press (together with the Giulia Super) at the Monza race track on 4 March 1965, and then made its public debut at the March 1965 Geneva Motor Show.
The Giulia GTC was based on the coupé's body and parts, maintaining the same specifications and performance, with the cabriolet modification being carried out by Carrozzeria Touring of Milan.
Besides the convertible top, distinguishing features are the dashboard finished in black instead of grey crackle paint, and a script reading "Giulia GTC" on the boot lid. The 2+2 seating layout was retained. To restore some of the bodyshell rigidity lost by removing the fixed roof and pillars, Carrozzeria Touring added reinforcement to several areas of the bodyshell. Through the production life of the model, several modifications to the reinforcement applied were made by Touring, apparently in an effort to increase the rigidity of the body. Carrozzeria Touring was in financial trouble when the Giulia GTC was introduced; the company went out of business shortly after production of this model ended.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|+
! Model || 1964 || 1965 || 1966 || 1964–66
|-
| Giulia GTC (LHD) || 106 || 548 || 247 ||
|-
| Giulia GTC (RHD) || — || 54 || 45 ||
|-
! Total
| 106 || || ||
|}
Giulia Sprint GT Veloce (1965–1968)
Tipo: 105.36, 105.37 (right hand drive). Engine: 00536.
In 1966 the Giulia Sprint GT was replaced by the Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint GT Veloce, very similar but featuring a number of improvements: a revised engine—slightly more powerful and with more torque—better interior fittings and changes to the exterior trim. The Sprint GT Veloce was introduced at the 36th Geneva Motor Show in March 1966, and then tested by the international specialist press in Gardone on the Garda Lake. Production began in 1965 and ended in 1968.
The Giulia Sprint GT Veloce can be most easily distinguished from other models by the following features:
Badging as per Giulia Sprint GT, with the addition of round enamel badges on the C-pillar—a green Quadrifoglio (four-leaf clover) on an ivory background—and a chrome "Veloce" script on the tail panel.
Black mesh grille with three horizontal chrome bars.
Grille heart has 7 bars instead of 6.
Stainless steel bumpers, as opposed to the chromed mild steel bumpers on the Giulia Sprint GT. The bumpers are the same shape, but are made in two pieces (front) and three pieces (rear) with small covers hiding the joining rivets.
Inside the main changes from the Giulia Sprint GT were imitation wood dashboard fascia instead of the previous anti-glare grey finish, front seats revised to a mild "bucket" design, and a dished three aluminium spoke steering wheel, with a black rim and horn buttons through the spokes.
The Veloce's type 00536 engine, identical to the Spider 1600 Duetto's, featured modifications compared to the Giulia Sprint GT's type 00502—such as larger diameter () exhaust valves.
As a result, it produced or at 6,000 rpm, an increase of over the previous model, and significantly more torque. According to the manufacturer top speed now exceeded .
Early Giulia Sprint GT Veloces featured the same Dunlop disc brake system as the Giulia Sprint GT, while later cars substituted ATE disc brakes as pioneered on the GT 1300 Junior in 1966. The ATE brakes featured a handbrake system entirely separate from the pedal brakes, using drum brakes incorporated in the rear disc castings.
The Veloce's could be ordered in the Bertone De Luxe body option which included extra options. One of the extra options was a leather interior. The only leather colours available for the Veloce were dark brown leather (pelle testa di moro) or red leather (pelle rossa). The seat panels had perforations in the leather.
There were three versions of the GT Veloce 1600 Version 1 (FIA 5126 Group 1, early): Had deep rear arches and Dunlop brakes front and rear. Version 2:(Referred to as Group 2 in FIA 5126). Had deep rear arches and ATE adapters on the front Dunlop uprights to take ATE calipers. The rear axle had ATE calipers. The Group 2 (Version 2) cars were built with limited slips diffs and with different ratios in the gearbox and a selection of wheel widths 5", 5.5" and 6" on a 15" diameter rim as well as some other features. Version 3 (FIA 5126 Group 1, late): Had high arches and solid ATE uprights, with no adapters as seen in the article in Classic Cars magazine page 88 April 1997. The rear axle had ATE calipers. Production of the GT Veloce 1600 started in 1965 for LHD cars and 1966 for RHD cars.
There were only 6 colors for the interior seats of the GT Veloce 1600. Two colors for leather were dark brown or red, plus two colors for vinyl they were mid grey (nero fumo) or light tan (cuoio) and two colors for a cloth/vinyl combination grey/mid grey (panno grigio unito-finta pelle nero fumo) and light tan/tan (panno cammello-finta pelle cuoio). There were only 4 colours for the door cards two for leather: dark brown leather (pelle testa di moro) or red leather (pelle rossa) and two for vinyl they were mid grey (nero fumo) or light tan (cuoio). Sources FIA documents, Alfa Romeo Italian language parts catalogue, Classic Cars magazine 1997 and Steve105:{moderator for Alfabb}.
https://www.alfabb.com/threads/105-leather-deluxe-option.227305/#post-4667561
There were only two colors for the carpet mid grey (colore nero fumo) or red (colore rosso). No documentary evidence exists (in the Italian language) that black leather or black vinyl or black cloth was used on the seats or door cards was ever used by the Alfa Romeo factory in the GT Veloce 1600. No documentary evidence exists (in the Italian language) that black carpet was ever used by the Alfa Romeo factory in the GT Veloce 1600. No evidence exist to date via Italian parts catalogue or a Certificate of origin for a GT Veloce 1600 (in the Italian language) that states GT Veloce 1600 had a black (nero) interior or an aramanto or rosso interior in vinyl. Sources Alfa Romeo Italian language parts catalogue and Steve105:{moderator for Alfabb}.
Though the Sprint GT Veloce's replacement—the 1750 GT Veloce—was introduced in 1967, production continued throughout the year and thirty final cars were completed in 1968. By then total Giulia Sprint GT Veloce production amounted to examples. 1,407 of these were right hand drive cars, and 380 right hand drive complete knock-down kits.
1750 GT Veloce (1967–1972)
Tipo: 105.44, 105.45 (right hand drive), 105.51 (USA).
Engine: 00548, 00571 (USA).
The Alfa Romeo 1750 GT Veloce (also known as 1750 GTV) entered production in late 1967 along with the 1750 Berlina sedan and 1750 Spider. The cars were first shown to the press in January 1968. The same type of engine was used to power all three versions; this rationalisation was a first for Alfa Romeo.
The 1750 GTV replaced the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce and introduced many updates and modifications. Most significantly, the engine capacity was increased to 1779 cc displacement (80 mm bore × 88.5 mm stroke, 6.61l oil capacity, 9.58l radiator capacity). Peak power from the engine was increased to at 5500 rpm. The stroke was lengthened from 82 to 88.5 mm over the 1600 engine, and a reduced rev limit from 7000 rpm to 6000 rpm. Maximum torque was increased to at 3000 rpm. A higher ratio final drive was fitted (10/41 instead of 9/41) but the same gearbox ratios were retained. The result was that, on paper, the car had only slightly improved performance compared to the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce, but on the road it was much more flexible to drive and it was easier to maintain higher average speeds for fast touring. For the United States market, the 1779 cc engine was fitted with a fuel injection system made by Alfa Romeo subsidiary SPICA, to meet emission control laws that were coming into effect at the time. Fuel injection was also featured on Canadian market cars after 1971. Carburetors were retained for other markets.
The chassis was also significantly modified. Tire size went to 165/14 Pirelli Cinturato or Michelin XAS from 155/15 Pirelli Cinturato and wheel size to 5 1/2J x 14 instead of 5J x 15, giving a wider section and slightly smaller rolling diameter. The suspension geometry was also revised, and an anti-roll bar was fitted to the rear suspension. ATE disc brakes were fitted from the outset, but with bigger front discs and calipers than the ones fitted to GT 1300 Juniors and late Giulia Sprint GT Veloces. The changes resulted in significant improvements to the handling and braking, which once again made it easier for the driver to maintain high average speeds for fast touring.
The 1750 GTV also departed significantly from the earlier cars externally. New nose styling eliminated the "stepped" hood of the Giulia Sprint GT, GTC, GTA and early GT 1300 Juniors and incorporated four headlamps. For the 1971 model year, United States market 1750 GTV's also featured larger rear light clusters (there were no 1970 model year Alfas on the US market). Besides the chrome "1750" badge on the bootlid, there was also a round Alfa Romeo badge. Similar Quadrifoglio badges to those on the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce were fitted on C pillars, but the Quadrifoglio was coloured gold instead of green. The car also adopted the higher rear wheelarches first seen on the GT 1300 Junior.
The interior was also much modified over that of earlier cars. There was a new dashboard with large speedometer and tachometer instruments in twin binnacles closer to the driver's line of sight. The instruments were mounted at a more conventional angle, avoiding the reflections caused by the upward angled flat dash of earlier cars. Conversely, auxiliary instruments were moved to angled bezels in the centre console, further from the driver's line of sight than before. The new seats introduced adjustable headrests which merged with the top of the seat when fully down. The window winder levers, the door release levers and the quarterlight vent knobs were also restyled. The remote release for the boot (trunk) lid, located on the inside of the door opening on the B-post just under the door lock striker, was moved from the right hand side of the car to the left hand side. The location of this item was always independent of whether the car was left hand drive or right hand drive.
Early (Series 1) 1750 GTV's featured the same bumpers as the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce, with the front bumper modified to mount the indicator / sidelight units on the top of its corners, or under the bumper on US market cars.
The Series 2 1750 GTV of 1970 introduced other mechanical changes, including a dual circuit braking system (split front and rear, with separate servos). The brake and clutch pedals on left hand drive cars were also of an improved pendant design, instead of the earlier floor-hinged type. On right hand drive cars the floor-hinged pedals were retained, as there was no space for the pedal box behind the carburetors. Externally, the series 2 1750 GTV is identified by new, slimmer bumpers with front and rear overriders. The combined front indicator and sidelight units were now mounted to the front panel instead of the front bumper, except again on the 1971-72 US/Canadian market cars. The interior was slightly modified, with the seats retaining the same basic outline but following a simpler design.
According to some, 44,269 1750 GTVs were made before their replacement came along. Others calculate it as 32,265 1750 GTVs, due to two typographic errors of Fusi's famous reference book. There were 1,542 AR 105 44 cars built rather than 11,542{in 1970 see explanation below}.
The GT Veloce 1750 Series 1 could be ordered in the Bertone De Luxe body which included extra options. One of the extra options was a leather interior (seats and door cards). The only leather colours available for the GT Veloce 1750 Series 1 were dark brown leather (pelle testa di moro) or red leather (pelle rossa). The seats had perforations in the leather. Source Alfa Romeo parts manual and Steve105:{moderator for Alfabb}.
There were a total of at least 32,265 1750 GTV cars not 44,269, this can be explained by how you interpret two typographic errors of Fusi's book on pages 844 and 845 see ref 3. To summarize the correction for 1970 there were 1,542 AR 105 44 cars built not 11,542. Source Alfa Romeo parts manual Fusi's book and Steve105:{moderator for Alfabb}.
The 1750 GTV could race under FIA rules with aluminium doors and boot lid. The 1750 GTV was allowed to have aluminium doors and boot lid in one of two ways. The first way was to use any 1750 GTV LHD car (starting from body number AR 1350001) or 1750 GTV RHD car (starting from body number AR 1450001) and then use homologation FIA 1565 Group 2 plus the FIA rules of 1st Jan 1970 and have them installed to run in FIA Group 2 in 1970/71. The second way was to use any 1750 GTV USA LHD car (starting from body number AR 1350001) that had been homologated as a GTAm and this time use the homologation FIA 1576 Group 2 variation 3/2V and have them installed to run in FIA Group 2 in 1970/71. In 1972 FIA rules changed and 1750 GTVs could not race with aluminium doors and boot lid in FIA events. Source Alfa Romeo parts manual and Steve105:{moderator for Alfabb}.
South Africa continued production of the 1750 until 1977 at the Rosslyn assembly plant. A total of 1138 South African (right hand drive) 1750s were assembled and sold in South Africa including 240 first series 1750s.
2000 GT Veloce (1971–1977)
Tipo: 105.21, 105.22 (right hand drive), 115.01 (USA).Engine: 00512, 01500 (USA).The Alfa Romeo 2000 GT Veloce (also known as 2000 GTV) was introduced in 1971 together with the 2000 Berlina sedan and 2000 Spider. The 2000 range was the replacement for the 1750 range. Once again the engine was rationalized throughout the range. The engine displacement was increased to 1962 cc with a change of the bore and stroke to 84 mm × 88.5 mm. Oil and radiator capacities remained unchanged. The engine produced at 5500 rpm with the SPICA fuel injection, which, once again, was only fitted to cars destined for the United States and Canadian markets, with carburetors retained for other markets producing officially the same power.
The interior trim was also changed, with the most notable differences being the introduction of a separate instrument cluster, instead of the gauges installed in the dash panel in earlier cars. Externally the 2000 GTV is most easily distinguished by the following features:
Grille with horizontal chrome bars, featuring protruding blocks forming the familiar Alfa shield in outline.
Smaller hubcaps with exposed wheel nuts.
Optional magnesium alloy wheels manufactured by Cromodora or Campagnolo of the same size as the standard 5. 1/2J × 14 steel items, styled to the "turbina" design first seen on the alloy wheels of the Alfa Romeo Montreal. "Turbina" refers to the wheel's resemblance to a jet engine inlet.
The larger rear light clusters first fitted to United States market 1750 GTV's were standard for all markets on the 2000 GTV. USA market rear turn signals were red instead of yellow on non-USA models. The side marker lamps were larger and did not have a turn signal flash feature.
From 1974 on, the 105 Series coupé models were rationalized and these external features became common to post-1974 GT 1300 Junior and GT 1600 Junior models, with only few distinguishing features marking the difference between models. The last GTV model year was 1974 for the USA. According to Marco Fazio of Alfa Romeo, the very last 1974 model year USA models were actually produced in early 1975. They could not meet 1975 USA safety and emissions regulations and thus they were brought in as model year 1974 despite carrying 1975 certificates of origin.
37,459 2000 GTVs were made before production ended.
In 1972 FIA rules changed so the 2L GTV could not race with aluminium doors and boot lid in FIA events. Source Alfa Romeo parts manual, FIA documents and Steve105.
Production ceased in 1976, though it continued until 1977 in South Africa at the Rosslyn assembly plant with a further 25 2000 GTV's (all right hand drive).
GT Junior models
GT 1300 Junior (1965–1977)Tipo: 105.30, 105.31 (right hand drive).Engine: 00530 (1965–74), 00530/S (1974 on).The Alfa Romeo GT 1300 Junior was the entry model to the Alfa Romeo coupé range. It was introduced in 1965 as the replacement for the 101 series Giulia Sprint 1300, which was the final development of the Giulietta Sprint series.
The GT 1300 Junior was fitted with the 1300 (1290 cc) twin cam engine (74 mm bore × 75 mm stroke), as fitted to the Giulietta series cars, but revised for the 105 series with reduced port sizes and other modifications. The smaller engine was introduced in order to allow buyers to choose an Alfa Romeo coupé while avoiding the higher taxes on the models with larger engine capacity, especially in Alfa Romeo's home Italian market.
The performance was low-end compared to others in its model line, with a total of . However, the GT 1300 Junior's top speed of over 100 mph and 0-60 mph time of 12.6 seconds were very good for a fully appointed coupé with an engine of only 1300 cc displacement.
The GT 1300 Junior was in production for over a decade. Throughout this period it was updated by the factory, incorporating many of the same revisions applied to the larger-engined models.
The first GT 1300 Juniors produced were based on the Giulia Sprint GT, with a simpler interior. The major external identifying feature was the black grille with just one horizontal chrome bar. The same 9/41 final drive ratio was maintained, but with a shorter 5th gear ratio of 0.85, instead of 0.79 as on all the other 105 Series coupés.
Together with the Giulia 1300 Ti, the GT 1300 Junior pioneered the use of ATE disc brakes as later fitted throughout the 105 series, replacing the Dunlop discs on earlier cars. The first few GT 1300 Juniors lacked a brake servo, and had the low rear wheelarches of the Giulia Sprint GT and Giulia Sprint GTV. From 1967, a servo was fitted as standard, together with higher rear wheelarches as adopted later on the 1750 GTV.
There were two versions of the ATE brakes: The first version consisted of an ATE adapter 105.14.22.103.03/04 on Dunlop front uprights (105.14.21.010.00,105.14.21.011.00) using an ATE caliper also optioned on the GT Veloce 1600 in 1967 (on 1000 cars as per group 2, FIA). The second version consisted of one piece ATE uprights 105.14.21.010.03, 105.14.21.011.03 with no adapter plate using an ATE caliper. Fusi's book on page 846 lists 340 RHD GT 1300 Juniors were made in 1972. Record exist on the Classic Alfa Romeo register of a RHD GT 1300 Junior which was made and delivered to the UK in 1972 AR 1296169. The 1300 GTj could not race under FIA rules with aluminium doors and boot lid. Source FIA documents, Alfa Romeo parts manual, Fusi's book and Steve105.
In 1968, concurrently with the replacement of the Giulia Sprint GT Veloce by the 1750 GTV, the GT 1300 Junior was revised with many of the new parts from the 1750 GTV. This included the dashboard, the suspension and the new wheel size of 5½ × 14J instead of 4½ × 15J. This revised GT 1300 Junior, however, retained the early "step-front" body style, which makes it the most mechanically refined production "step-front" model. Another intriguing detail is that, just as on the 1750 GTV, the remote release for the boot (trunk) lid, located on the inside of the door opening on the B-post just under the door lock striker, was moved from the right hand side of the car to the left hand side. The location of this item was always independent of whether the car was left hand drive or right hand drive. This series of GT 1300 Junior was the only model with the step-front bodyshell to have this item mounted on the left hand side. All other step-front models - Giulia Sprint GT, Giulia Sprint GT Veloce, and early GT 1300 Junior with flat dashboard - featured this item on the right hand side.
In 1968 the RHD GT 1300 Juniors still retained their flat top dash.
From 1968 onward, Alfa Romeo models for the US market were fitted with fuel injection systems instead of carburetors to comply with emissions control legislation. The only 105 Series models in which the classic twin-cam engine was fitted with fuel injection were the US market 1750 range, and the US market 2000 range which replaced the 1750s in mid-1972. No 105/115 series coupe models with 1300 or 1600cc engines were ever made with fuel injection.
In 1970 the Junior was revised a second time, and received the same nose treatment as the 1750 GTV, without the step but with only two headlights.
For 1972, new wheels featuring smaller hubcaps with exposed wheel nuts like those on the 2000 GTV were fitted. At the same time, the GT 1600 Junior was introduced alongside the GT 1300 Junior. The GT 1300 Junior was discontinued for the right hand drive UK market but continued to be available in other right hand drive markets.
From 1974 the GT1300 Junior and GT1600 Junior were both rationalised into a common range with the 2000 GTV and were rebadged as 1.3 GT Junior and 1.6 GT Junior. See below.
GT 1600 Junior (1972–1976)Tipo: 115.03 (1972–74), 105.05 (right hand drive), 115.34 (1974 on).Engine: 00536 (1972–74), 00526/AS (1974 on).The Alfa Romeo GT 1600 Junior was introduced in 1972, to plug the gap between the GT 1300 Junior and the larger-engined 2000 GTV. In the UK right-hand-drive market the GT 1300 Junior was dropped, but in many other markers the two models were available as a range. The engine was substantially the same as that of the Giulia Sprint GTV discontinued four years previously, and had the same engine type number. The final drive ratio was again 9/41 as standard on all 105 Series coupés with the 1290 cc and 1570 cc engine.
Record exist on the Classic Alfa Romeo register of a RHD GT 1300 Junior which was made and delivered to the UK in 1972 AR 1296169.
From 1974 on, the GT 1300 Junior and GT 1600 Junior were rationalised into a common range of models with the 2000 GTV and were rebadged as 1.3 GT Junior and 1.6 GT Junior, sharing most of the interior and exterior features with the larger-engined car. The only exterior differences were no bumper over-riders, lack of C-pillar green serpent badges, small rear light clusters same as pre-'74 Juniors and GT 1300 Junior or GT 1600 Junior badge on the boot. Apart from the engine size, the only mechanical differences were: smaller front brakes, as the Juniors had not adopted the larger units fitted to the 1750 GTV and 2000 GTV from 1968 on, differential ratios (Junior models 4.55:1, 2000 GTV 4.1:1) and 5th gear ratio (GT 1300 Junior 0.85:1, all other Alfa Romeo 105 models 0.79:1).
The GT Junior has a tight suspension and weighed in at just for the 1.3 variant. Because of this, the car would often go onto three wheels, lifting the inside front wheel off the road when driven enthusiastically.
Production ended in 1976-77 and totalled 91,964 units of 1.3 lt. Juniors and 13,120 units of the 1.6 lt. Juniors.
Junior Z (1969–72) and 1600 Junior Z (1972–75)Tipo: 105.93 (Junior Z), 115.24 (1600 Junior Z).Engine: 00530 (Junior Z), 00536.S (1600 Junior Z).The Alfa Romeo Junior Z was a limited production two-seater coupé with aerodynamic bodywork by Zagato of Milan. The kamm tail wedge-shaped body was designed by Ercole Spada at Zagato. The rear boot lid could be opened a crack (electrically operated) so as to aid in cabin ventilation. The Junior Z was introduced at the 51st Turin Motor Show in November 1969. Unlike Zagato's earlier, race-oriented and aluminium-bodied Giulietta SZ which had a very active competition history, the Junior Z was not specifically intended for racing and did not see much use in competition.
The Junior Z had a steel bodyshell with an aluminium bonnet and, on the earlier Junior Z, aluminium doorskins. The car was based on the floorpan, driveline and suspension of the Alfa Romeo Spider 1300 Junior. The platform was manufactured at Pininfarina factory and transferred to the coachbuilder Maggiora to be bodied, and then sent to Zagato. However the floorpan was shortened behind the rear wheels to fit the short rear overhang of the Zagato bodywork. The engine was the same 1290 cc twin cam with two twin-choke carburettors of the GT 1300 Junior and Spider 1300 Junior. It produced or at 6000 rpm, giving the car a top speed of . In the cabin driver and passenger were seated in highly bolstered bucket seats with incorporated headrests. Two large round instruments, tachometer and speedometer, faced the driver; three more auxiliary gauges were in the middle of the Zagato-designed dashboard. The steering wheel was the same two-spoke, plastic rimmed one of the other Junior models.
In total 1,117 examples were built, of which 2 bodyshells were destroyed during production because they were not within specification. Production of the Junior Z continued through 1972, and was replaced by the 1.6-litre 1600 Junior Z at the end of the year; although according to the records two more 1.3-litre cars were completed in 1972.
The 1600 Junior Z was launched at the 54th Turin Motor Show in November 1972. In this case the car was based on the unaltered floorpan of the 1600 Spider, so that the standard sized fuel tank could be left in place. As a consequence, at 4 metres long the 1600 Junior Z measured more than the 1300. This can be seen at the back where the sloping roofline runs further back and the back panel is different and lower. The lower part of the rear bumper features a bulge to make room for the spare tire. The 1570 cc engine with two twin-choke carburettors had an output or at 6000 rpm. Top speed rose to .
Besides the longer tail, a number of exterior details distinguished the 1600 Junior Z from the previous model: the arched front bumper was bulkier, the fuel filler was moved to the left hand side, the tail lights were larger items sourced from the 2000 Berlina, the door handles had black plastic housings, and the exhaust pipe was down turned. Badging on the tail now read "1600 Z" instead of "Junior Z". Inside the steering wheel was now a wood rimmed one, with horn buttons through the three metal spokes. In total 402 examples of the 1600 were made, the last one being produced in 1973; the cars were then sold until 1975.
GTA models
Giulia Sprint GTA (1965–1969)Tipo: 105.32 (Alfa Romeo), 105.02/A (IGM homologation), 105.34 (right hand drive). Engine: 00502/A or 00532/A (identical save for no. prefix.).The Alfa Romeo GTA retained the external form of the Giulia Sprint GT, but was constructed with aluminium external panels replacing the standard steel panels. The 'A' stood for "Alleggerita", Italian for "lightened". The engine was based on that of the standard 1600 cc car with a new, twin-plug head and Weber 45DCOE carburettors. The sump, camshaft cover, timing cover and clutch housing were in lightweight magnesium alloy instead of the standard aluminium alloy. Many other measures were also taken to lighten the car, and tune it for racing. All GTA's had the lower rear wheelarches as fitted to the Giulia Sprint GT's and GTV's, and very early GT 1300 Juniors. The GTA was available from the factory as a high-performance car for the road or racing. Unmodified cars in factory trim have come to be known as "GTA Stradale" but few were sold in this form. Most customers were racers and had them further modified and tuned before delivery by Autodelta, which had become a wholly owned Alfa Romeo subsidiary running its competition department.
GTA 1300 Junior (1968–1975)Tipo: 105.59. Engine: 00559.The Alfa Romeo GTA 1300 Junior (Tipo 105.59) was based on the early step-front GT 1300 Junior, incorporating the same modifications as the GTA. Its engine was not based on the standard 1300 cc motor but was instead based on the 1600cc GTA engine with the same bore but a shorter stroke (67.5 instead of 82 mm). Unlike the GTA, the GTA 1300 Junior featured the higher rear wheelarches as first seen on the GT 1300 Junior and later adopted for the 1750 GTV. Once again the GTA 1300 Junior was available as a standard car from Alfa Romeo, but most were modified by Autodelta for racing before delivery. Production of the GTAJ continued through 1975.
GTAm
The Alfa Romeo 1750 GTAm (later called 2000 GTAm when the 2000 GTV was introduced) appeared in 1969. Unlike the Giulia Sprint GTA and GTA 1300 Junior, The GTAm was not built by Alfa Romeo, was never available from the factory and was never issued its own Tipo number. There have been two schools of thought about the origin of the "Am" moniker, one explaining Am as standing for "Alleggerita maggiorata" (Italian: lightened enlarged, referring to the lightened body and enlarged cylinder capacity) and the other as standing for "America". Marco Fazio of the Alfa Romeo Documentazione Storico confirmed on the Spettacolo Sportivo in September 2011 that "America" is the official type name.
The GTAm was initially built by Autodelta and was based on the US version of the 1750 GTV (Tipo 105.51) which was fitted with a SPICA mechanical fuel injection system to meet US emissions regulations. The GTAm used the extra full-throttle power which the injection system could develop for racing. Some GTAm's were converted from European-spec carburettor-induction 1750 GTV's (Tipo 105.44) and retrofitted with the injection system. The chassis are therefore numbered randomly from the ranges assigned to Tipo 105.51 and Tipo 105.44 cars (the chassis numbers do not start with 105.51 or 105.44; the chassis numbers were separate from the Tipo numbers in the 105 and 115 series Alfas). The customer had to either buy a 1750 GTV at the factory or use an existing car. The car would be shipped to Autodelta to be converted to a GTAm (which was available in various levels of tune to suit various rules and classes of competition).
Besides the cars built by Autodelta, some racing teams and private workshops ordered parts from Autodelta and other tuners and assembled the cars themselves on a new or existing bodyshell. Because of this, and of the lack of a specific chassis number series, the total number of GTAm's built is difficult to verify. According to sources, a total of some 40 were built by Autodelta and other racing workshops.
As in the GTA and GTA 1300 Junior, the engine had a special cylinder head with twin spark plugs per cylinder in contrast to the standard car's single plugs, but this time the head was to a new design having a much smaller included angle between the valves than in previous Alfa engines. The original 1750 engine block was used, and by inserting a monosleeve instead of four individual cylinder liners, the capacity was enlarged from the standard 1779 cc to 1985 cc and later to 1999 cc. The GTAm (1969–1971) could produce up to .
Unlike the GTA and GTA Junior, in which all the outer body panels were made of aluminium alloy instead of the standard car's steel, the GTAm retained the standard steel body modified with some aluminium and/or plastic parts. Because of an increased minimum weight in 1971 (up from 920 to 940 kg), the GTAm's had less need for lightweight body parts.
For a clearer understanding of how the GTAm was built you need to check the competition rules in the period the GTAm raced, i.e. the FIA rules for 1970/71/72 plus homologation FIA 1576 Group 2 document. The twin spark engine for the GTAm was first homologated using FIA 1576 G2 variation 3/2V 1st Jan 1970. In 1972 FIA rules changed and the GTAm could not race with aluminium doors and boot lid in FIA events.
Notes
References
Alfa Romeo GT 1300 Junior Instruction Book, Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo Giulia, GT, Spider Owners Workshop Manual, Autobooks,
Style Auto Number nr.23 4/1969'', Style Auto Editrice
External links
Pictures of Alfa Romeo Gulia GTC (right wheel)
105 115 Series Coupes
Bertone vehicles
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Coupés
Sports cars
Cars introduced in 1963
1970s cars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa%20Romeo%20105/115%20Series%20Coup%C3%A9s |
There is more than one Carthage Senior High School:
Carthage Senior High School (Carthage, Missouri)
Carthage Senior High School (Carthage, New York)
Carthage High School (Carthage, Texas)
Carthage High School (Carthage, Illinois) - now deactivated and a component of the consolidated Illini West High School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage%20Senior%20High%20School |
Pontian Kechil (Jawi: ڤونتين كچيل) also known as Pontian Town (Malay: Bandar Pontian) is a town and the administrative centre of Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia.
History
The town was originally a fishing village. Now it has grown as a town.
Geography
The town spans over an area of 6.6 km2.
Administration
Pontian is administered by Pontian Municipal Council (MPPn). Pontian's postcode is 82000.
Transportation
Buses
The town is served by MyBas Johor (T50) & Maju (96) public buses linking to Larkin Sentral Terminal in Johor Bahru City, Causeway Link (52T) to Gelang Patah and other towns within the district, such as Benut and Kukup.
Car
Being located along Federal Route 5, Pontian is relatively accessible for a town its size. Northward this highway goes to Melaka City, Klang and Teluk Intan before terminating at Jelapang. Southwards highway 5 turn right to Pekan Nanas and terminates at Johor Bahru.
Shopping
Pontian Plaza
References
Towns in Johor
Pontian District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontian%20Kechil |
Miranda Gek Sim Yap (August 1948 – 14 October 2015), also abbreviated as M.Yap or MGS Yap, was a professor in the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department of the National University of Singapore, and the Executive Director of the Bioprocessing Technology Institute at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR).
Education
Yap earned her PhD in chemical engineering at the University of Toronto in 1979; she had previously received a basic degree in applied chemistry from University of Singapore, now known as the National University of Singapore (NUS), and a master's degree in biochemical engineering at University College London in 1973.
Career
She returned to Singapore in 1982 to join NUS. With a government grant, she helped to establish the Bioprocessing Technology Unit (BTU) in 1990, which was later renamed as Bioprocessing Technology Centre (BTC) in 1995 as a National research centre for bioprocessing technology with Yap as the Director. In 2003, the centre was renamed the Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI) and relocated to the new Biopolis research centre in Singapore. She also founded two organisations, the Centre for Natural Product Research (now called Merlion Pharmaceuticals) and the Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Center (now called A-Bio Pharma). During her career, she published 58 papers in peer-reviewed journals.
In February 2006, Yap was named a Foreign Associate to the United States National Academy of Engineering. Her election citation noted "her outstanding achievements in education, research and management in the field of mammalian cell culture". She is the only female scientist and second Singaporean to be elected to the academy. She was awarded the President's Science and Technology Medal in 2009, becoming the first female winner of Singapore's most prestigious science prize.
Yap was named Executive Director of A*STAR Graduate Academy (A*GA) in November 2006, focusing on talent management and development in partnership with Imperial College London.
She has been a lecturer in the Advanced Course in Cell Technology at the University of Minnesota, which describes her as:
Prof Miranda Yap is the founding Director of BTI, which is the pivotal institution in advancing Singapore’s bioprocessing research and plays a critical role in Singapore’s success in the expansion of biomanufacturing industry. She has been instrumental in nurturing BTI’s growth; transforming it from its nascent days as the Bioprocessing Technology Unit in National University of Singapore to a renowned international institution today. She has trained numerous PhD and master students in many areas of biotechnology. In cell culture technology her work has spanned from early work on cellular physiology to recent transcriptome and proteome analysis for cell engineering.
Personal
Yap was married to Dr Yap Kian Tiong and died in Singapore on October 14, 2015, five years after suffering from an aneurysm.
References
External links
profile at aiche.org
1948 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of University College London
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering
National University of Singapore alumni
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore
Singaporean women engineers
Singaporean chemical engineers
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
University of Toronto alumni
20th-century women engineers
21st-century women engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda%20Yap |
How the West Was Won is an American Western television series that starred James Arness, Eva Marie Saint, Fionnula Flanagan, Bruce Boxleitner, and Richard Kiley. Loosely based on the 1962 Cinerama film of the same name, it began with a two-hour television film, The Macahans, in 1976, followed by a mini-series in 1977, and a regular series in 1978 and 1979.
The show was a great success in Europe, apparently finding a larger and more lasting audience there than in the United States. It has been rebroadcast many times on various European networks, e.g. in France, Germany, Italy, Norway and Sweden, and has built a cult following. It was released on DVD in Europe in November 2009.
A sequence of paintings by Charles Marion Russell is shown during the end credits.
Episodes
Plot
Zebulon Macahan is a well-known mountain man and scout working for the U.S. Army in the Indian Territories. The pilot movie shows Zeb not having seen his family for ten years and with the Civil War approaching, deciding to visit them in Manassas, Virginia. As war comes too close to home, Zeb's sister-in-law, Kate, convinces her husband, Zeb's brother Tim, to move their two sons, Seth and Jed (renamed Luke and Josh in the remaining episodes) and two daughters (Jessie and Laura) out west.
There the family learns that the first battle of the war is likely to occur at Bull Run, near Zeb and Tim's parents' home. Tim returns to Virginia while the family winters in the Indian Territories. Zeb learns that a friend has been murdered by Dutton, who escaped from an Army Guardhouse he was in for murdering innocent Indians. Knowing that Dutton swore vengeance on him and fearing for his family, Zeb attempts to intercept Dutton before he can reach the Macahan homestead. Luke heads east to look for his father and grandparents but gets home, only to find his grandparents were killed by artillery fire that struck their home during the First Battle of Bull Run. He learns that his father was conscripted into a unit of the Union Army heading for Tennessee to the Battle of Shiloh. Luke is also conscripted at Shiloh but is wounded and taken to a field aid station, where he finds his mortally-wounded father dying. Luke tells his superiors that he will no longer serve and is about to be shot as a deserter when shelling nearly kills his entire platoon. Escaping on foot, he reaches Missouri, finding the abandoned horse of a dead soldier and rides the horse until a local sheriff, Martin Stillman, and his men find Luke, accusing him of horse thievery. Luke tries to explain that he is a former Union soldier who found the horse but Stillman and his men, being Confederate sympathizers, try to lynch him. Luke escapes, severely wounding Stillman's arm in the process.
Meanwhile, Zeb tracks down and kills Dutton. Luke arrives at the family homestead near the Platte River in western Nebraska and tells his mother Kate not only about Tim's death, but also that he is now an Army deserter as well as an outlaw in Missouri and must leave and be on the run. The pilot episode ends with Luke riding off. The series continues when after a period of relative quiet, a bounty hunter named Captain Grey, an Army Provost Marshal pursuing Union soldiers accused of desertion, arrives at the homestead to arrest Luke. Zeb slashes Grey's arm with a knife and Grey swears he will return. Grey continues to pursue Luke but the war ends and the government grants amnesty to all alleged deserters. Grey resigns his Army commission but keeps tracking Luke due to the reward on him in Missouri over the incident with the sheriff. Grey breaks into the Macahan house and mother Kate fatally shoots him. The first season ends with the family leaving the homestead to travel west to Oregon, which was their original intention.
The second season starts with Kate having died in a barn fire. Her sister, a wealthy widow named Molly Culhane, arrives from Chicago to reunite with her only remaining family. Stillman, the former Missouri sheriff, is now a wealthy businessman with a crippled arm and is obsessed with revenge against Luke, but is killed by Zeb in a gunfight. By this time, Luke has gained a reputation as a skilled gunfighter and is continually fleeing pursuit, having not been cleared of the Missouri charges, even at the series finale. The remainder of the series involves Zeb and the family building their ranch in the Grand Tetons area of Wyoming.
Cast
James Arness as Zebulon "Zeb" Macahan
Bruce Boxleitner as Luke "Seth" Macahan
William Kirby Cullen as Josh "Jed" Macahan
Fionnula Flanagan as Molly Culhane
Kathryn Holcomb as Laura Macahan
Richard Kiley as Timothy "Tim" Macahan
Jared Martin as Frank Grayson
Eva Marie Saint as Katherine "Kate" Macahan
Vicki Schreck as Jessica "Jessie" Macahan
Harris Yulin as Deek Peasley
In first season, Tim's sons have different names than in the rest of the series. Bruce Boxleitner's character was renamed "Luke", and William Kirby Cullen's character renamed "Josh".
Guest stars included Ricardo Montalbán as Satangkai, a chief of the Sioux Nation, Ron Hayes as Sheriff Pinter, Med Flory (three episodes as a sheriff), Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr., Harry Lauter as Sheriff Charlie Benton, Gregg Palmer as Loman, Tom Simcox as Marshal Logan, Read Morgan as Morton in "The Slavers", and John M. Pickard as Colonel Caine, James Stephens as C. L. Bradley (the pilot and two episodes), and Jim Turner (three episodes).
Other guest stars include Richard Basehart, Brian Keith, Cameron Mitchell, Morgan Woodward, Ken Curtis, Michael Conrad, Christopher Lee, Britt Lind (Luke's first season girlfriend), Elyssa Davalos (Luke's second season girlfriend), Tim Matheson, John Crawford, Wright King, John Dehner, Lloyd Bridges (Elyssa Davalos's sheriff father), Don Murray (Kate's first season love interest), Royal Dano (Britt Lind's father), Parley Baer, Anthony Zerbe (bounty hunter, primary first season villain), Woody Strode (Indian chief), David Huddleston with Gene Evans and Jack Elam (both mountain men).
Home media
How the West was Won has been released in Scandinavia as Familjen Macahan(Sweden) and Familien Macahan(Norway)(Macahan Family) in 5 boxes:
Box 1 - November 25, 2009 (4 episodes including Pilot)
Box 2 - February 24, 2010 (5 episodes)
Box 3 - May 12, 2010 (5 episodes)
Box 4 - September 8, 2010 (5 episodes)
Box 5 - December 1, 2010 (6 episodes).
The series was remastered and released in 2012, also in 5 boxes (Box 1 – August 31; Boxes 2-5 - September 25), as well as a complete box November 21, 2012.
Warner Home Video has released the first two seasons on DVD in Region 1; season 1 was released on July 9, 2013, followed by season 2 on July 15, 2014. The third and final season was released by Warner Archive as an MOD DVD on April 19, 2016.
A more accurate list of the 14 episodes from season 2 can be found inside the Season 2 DVD case released in July 2014. This new DVD episode list fixes errors found in most web sites.
Novelization
In January 1978, a nearly 400-page "epic length" paperback novelization of a number of early episodes, written by Lou Cameron, was published by Ballantine Books. A prolific and versatile paperback scribe whose credits include winning a Western Writers of America Spur Award for his novel The Spirit Horses, Cameron's novelization adapted teleplays and screen stories by Calvin Clements, Colley Cibber, Howard Fast, William Kelley, John Mantley, Katharyn Michaelian, Jack Miller and Earl W. Wallace. The novel, sharing the title of the series, is not to be confused with the identically titled 1962 feature film which was itself adapted into a novel by Louis L'Amour.
See also
How the West Was Won (film) - 1962 film sharing the same title and many similar themes, but otherwise unrelated to the television series
References
External links
How the West Was Won fansite
1970s Western (genre) television series
1976 American television series debuts
1979 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Live action television shows based on films
Television series by MGM Television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20the%20West%20Was%20Won%20%28TV%20series%29 |
Albany Hill is a prominent hill along the east shore of San Francisco Bay in the city of Albany, California. Geologically, the hill is predominantly Jurassic sandstone, carried to the western edge of North America on the Pacific Plate and scraped off there in the course of subduction. Albany Hill is part of a range of hills uplifted long before today's Berkeley Hills. These hills include Fleming Point and Point Isabel (their summits dynamited away), Brooks Island, the Potrero San Pablo, and the hills across San Pablo Strait.
Albany Hill's indigenous Ohlone name is unknown. The 1772 Fages expedition referred to the landmark as "El Cerrito," and it was named Cerrito de San Antonio by the Luís María Peralta family after the name of their ranch, Rancho San Antonio, a Spanish land grant which encompassed much of the East Bay. The name was changed to Albany Hill shortly after the city incorporated as Ocean View changed its name to Albany in 1909. The adjacent city of El Cerrito was named after the hill's original Spanish name.
Early history
The north side of Albany Hill was long used by Native Americans, as evidenced by large mortar stones and remnants of a shell midden. Oaks on the north side, the willow grove where tributary Middle Creek joins Cerrito Creek, salt and fresh wetlands to the north (now filled), and the nearby Bay would have made this a bountiful seasonal home.
Beginning in the late 19th century, Judson Powder Works manufactured dynamite at the northwest foot of the hill. The company had been forced to move from San Francisco and then nearby Fleming Point in Berkeley because of continuing accidental explosions. The eucalyptus trees now on the hill were planted by the dynamite manufacturers to catch debris and muffle sound of these explosions. The stop on the transcontinental railroad tracks just to the west was called Nobel Station after Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.
In 1905, a massive accidental explosion of nitroglycerin killed 23 workers. The explosion carved a massive crater in the north flank of the hill, which is today evident by a large dip in the tree-line. After this incident, dynamite making was forced north to less-settled areas, making an eventual last stand at Pt. Pinole, now a regional park. Quarrying on the hill continued for many years, leaving scars on the rock and eventually obliterating a low summit northwest of Albany Hill, approximately where Richmond's Pacific East Mall is now located.
Modern history and ecology
As a large open space, the only nearby high elevation next to the Bay, and in the path of sea winds blowing through the Golden Gate, Albany Hill is an ecological island. It is a haven for plants normally found in much cooler areas, for example Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana), stinging phacelia (Phacelia malvifolia), and coast horkelia (Horkelia californica ssp. californica) The Native American practice of regular burning to avoid brush buildup (and major fires) was continued by the dynamite companies and later the city, into the 1960s. Perhaps as a result, the hill harbors unusually large numbers of native wildflowers and other plants. The oak forest on the cool north face remains much as it was pre-European-settlement. The non-native eucalyptus trees on the summit attract migrating and wintering monarch butterflies. Hawks, owls, wild turkeys, and deer are among the animal inhabitants; herons, kingfishers, and egrets fish the creek.
The hill provides a view of Albany, Berkeley — notably, UC Berkeley's Sather Tower — and the Berkeley Hills from one side. From the other, it looks out onto the Bay, with San Francisco in the distance. Looking south from the hill, the high-rises in downtown Oakland and Emeryville are visible. From earliest European settlement, residents have enjoyed open space on the hill, "sledding" on dry grass and swinging from rope swings.
From the early 20th century on, particularly in the 1970s, numerous schemes were proposed for development of Albany Hill, from dynamiting it for bay fill to building high-rise hotels or blasting out the top as a reservoir. Protest by local residents defeated most of these. Eventually the city retained an environmental consultant to prepare an Environmental Impact Report on alternative development schemes and development densities. After a series of public hearings the consultant's recommendation design was chosen leading to the present development pattern of clustered high-rise residential use and preservation of the majority of the hill.
In 1994, citizens passed Measure K, cutting allowed density on the hill by half and allowing the city to pursue further lowering, and in 1996 voters passed Measure R, a special levy including $3 million to buy land on the hill. In 2008, the remaining open space hill was declared a Priority Conservation Area by Bay Area and state agencies. By 2019, when the bonds matured, the city had bought small parcels totaling six acres. The remaining bond funds in 2019 were being spent for access and other improvements called for in the city's plans for the park, adopted first in 1991 and repeated in a new plan adopted in 2012.
Just under of almost 40 acres of open space on the hill is protected from development. A public park extends from Cerrito Creek up the north side of the hill. Large condominiums on the west side of the hill maintain significant areas of open space as part of their development agreements, and the north part of the summit ridge and a portion of the northeast slope is owned by the city.
The remaining quarter of the open space is a single tract: South of the highest point, a 10.7-acre privately owned parcel runs from Pierce Street on the west up over the summit and down to Taft Street on the east slope. Most users treat this land as park, but the city has never negotiated a legal right-of-way allowing public access. In late 2019, this tract was listed for sale at $10 million. It is zoned for apartments or town homes, with a maximum density of nine units per acre. The city's Master Plan includes various policies regarding this parcel, including keeping the summit open, clustering development, providing a trail easement, protecting monarch butterfly habitat, minimizing grading, and protecting and restoring the hill's natural features, native vegetation, and wildlife.
Fire is a serious concern on this wooded hill surrounded by city. Plans adopted in 1991 and 2012 call for thinning eucalyptus and controlling brush to create a savannah-like habitat that would limit fires. On November 15, 2008, strong dry northeast winds whipped up a fire in a forested area on the west side of the hill above a large apartment complex (555 Pierce Street). Recent heavy rains and a prompt response by the Albany and Berkeley fire departments limited the blaze to , with no structures burned.
However, the fire danger may be less than what it seems. In the 1980s, a large fire started from Pierce street, and swept uphill, going north-west. No large tree burned, although many were scorched. The fire burned fiercely the Poison Oak, next to the ground (this was witnessed by local residents such as Constance Ramos and Patrice Ayme).
The city has increased brush control, road maintenance, and clearing. Clearing is limited by wanting to maintain habitat for birds, including hawks and owls, and monarch butterflies that use the eucalyptus trees as a migration stopover or winter habitat.
A few volunteer groups work on and near the hill. Friends of Albany Hill has worked to maintain and increase native vegetation on the hill itself by removing non-native invasive plants. The Friends have also educated the public about the natural and cultural significance of the hill, monitor the wintering site for the monarch butterfly migration and trail improvement projects, and in the 1990s they helped bring privately held parcels into city hands. Friends of Albany HillFriends of Five Creeks has done extensive restoration along Cerrito and Middle Creeks and adjoining groves and meadows at the foot of the hill. A new group,TASH (Tending the Ancient Shoreline Hill), formed in 2018 to continue habitat restoration and environmental education on Albany Hill, holds monthly work parties.
Lions Club cross
A 20-foot cross stands near the summit of Albany Hill. The cross was erected by the Albany Lions Club in 1971 on then-private land, subject to an easement allowing for maintenance by the Lions Club. The land was obtained by the City of Albany in 1973. The cross is illuminated by the Lions Club on Christmas, Easter, and other occasions such as the anniversary of the September 11 attacks.
The cross has been subject to disputes regarding the Lions Club easement and the legality of a Christian symbol displayed on public land. In 2016, the city cut off power to the cross for several months, citing safety concerns regarding the electrical wiring. In June 2018, a federal judge ruled the display unconstitutional, requiring that the city remove the cross or sell the parcel on which it stands.
Proposed Development of the West Side of the Hill
In January 2020, a development of 48 mansions up the west side of Albany Hill, facing the Golden Gate, was proposed by Trumark Homes. A public petition ("Save Albany Hill Park") was created online to entice City Hall to block the project.
Albany Hill Fire
On June 26, 2022, a vegetation fire broke out on the west side on Albany Hill, burning near Cleveland and Washington avenues. The City of Albany asked residents of Gateview, Hillside, and Taft St to evacuate. An initial evacuation center was set at Golden Gate Fields.
See also
Sala House
References
Hills of California
Albany, California
El Cerrito, California
Landforms of Contra Costa County, California
Landforms of the San Francisco Bay Area
Landmarks in the San Francisco Bay Area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany%20Hill |
WNYF-CD (channel 28) is a low-power, Class A television station in Watertown, New York, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Gray Television alongside Carthage-licensed CBS affiliate WWNY-TV (channel 7). Both stations share studios on Arcade Street in downtown Watertown, while WNYF-CD and WWNY-TV's transmitters are located on the same tower along NY 126/State Street on Champion Hill.
Since WNYF-CD's transmitter is not nearly strong enough to cover the entire market, the station can also be seen in standard definition on WWNY-TV's second digital subchannel (virtual and VHF channel 7.2) from the Champion Hill transmitter site.
History
Before becoming a separate entity, WNYF-CD was a repeater for ABC affiliate WWTI (channel 50) with the call signs W25AB and W28BC. During that time, WWTI and WWNY had secondary affiliations with Fox. WWNY's secondary affiliation was for NFL games during the years CBS did not have broadcasting rights of the league. When that network acquired the rights to the AFC, WWTI then aired NFC games from Fox, in addition to ABC's Monday Night Football (now on fellow Disney network ESPN).
In 2001, United Communications and WWNY entered into an agreement with Smith Broadcasting to make W25AB and W28BC full-time Fox affiliates; Smith formerly owned WWTI, but did not include the translators in that station's sale to Ackerley Group in 2000. W25AB then changed its call letters to WNYF-LP and eventually moved from channel 25 to channel 28; after the Watertown station upgraded to Class A status in October 2002 (becoming WNYF-CA), W28BC inherited the WNYF-LP call sign. WNYF-LP's low-powered analog signal on UHF channel 28 aired from a transmitter on NY 420 in Massena.
An agreement with Time Warner Cable (now Charter Spectrum) in fall 2001 placed the station on channel 2. Normally, cable systems are not obligated to carry low-power stations. However, the FCC's must-carry rules also give full-power stations the option of "retransmission consent," or requesting compensation from cable systems to carry their station. In this case, WNYF is carried on North Country cable systems as part of the compensation for carrying WWNY. After a year of joint operation of WNYF by Smith Broadcasting and United Communications, the latter took complete ownership and made it a full sister to WWNY. Until September 18, 2006 when UPN shut down and merged with The WB to form The CW, WNYF also ran some programming from the network as a secondary affiliate.
On August 25, 2008, WNYF-CA received FCC approval to begin its own high definition digital broadcasts as WNYF-CD on UHF channel 35 after WWNY-DT returned to its former analog position on VHF channel 7 (which happened February 17, 2009). On September 14, WNYF-CD signed-on using WWNY-DT's existing UHF antenna structure. The change represented the first time WNYF was available over-the-air in high definition.
On June 30, 2009, United Communications applied to the FCC for a digital version of WNYF-LP on UHF channel 18. This allocation was formerly used for WNPI-DT's analog signal. It was approved for construction on June 8, 2010. Taking on the WNYF-LD call sign, it features Fox as well as a simulcast of WWNY on a second digital subchannel. This helps St. Lawrence County viewers who had experienced difficulty receiving WWNY's digital signal after that station transitioned to digital-only broadcasts.
On December 16, 2010, WNYF began to be seen on Time Warner Cable systems in the Burlington, Vermont–Plattsburgh, New York market after the provider dropped that area's affiliate WFFF-TV because of an ongoing retransmission dispute. The dispute was eventually resolved and the local station was added back to the system.
On May 15, 2013, WNYF-CD and WNYF-LD swapped call signs, as the Massena station is licensed as a class A facility while the Watertown digital station, at that time, was not. On February 6, 2014, WNYF-CD changed its call letters to WWNY-CD; on March 13, 2014, the class A status for the Watertown station was transferred from the analog channel 28 license to the digital channel 35 license, retaking the WNYF-CD call sign. WWNY-TV and WNYF-CD both go off-the-air, for a couple hours, during overnights.
On February 9, 2016, WWNY announced on its website that it would begin carrying MeTV on WNYF-CD2 in the late summer. The deal, which took effect on September 1, did not affect WWNY-CD, which continues to simulcast WWNY on its CD2 subchannel. On-air, WNYF-CD2 is known as MeTV North Country.
On February 8, 2019, Gray Television announced it was purchasing the United stations, including WWNY-TV, WNYF-CD and WWNY-CD. In advance of the purchase, Gray will assume control of the stations via a local marketing agreement (LMA) on March 1. WWNY-TV, WNYF-CD and WWNY-CD would be Gray's first stations in New York State; the acquisition would make them sister stations to fellow CBS affiliate WCAX-TV in adjacent Burlington, Vermont. The sale was completed on May 1.
Newscasts
On April 11, 2001, WWNY began airing a 35-minute weeknight prime time broadcast at 10 on WNYF called 7 News Tonight on Fox. However, it was only seen by the few viewers able to receive that station's two low-powered over-the-air signals because WNYF was not yet being offered on cable. An agreement with Time Warner Cable in fall 2001 placed the station on the system and the prime time news debuted for the rest of the area on October 4. WNYF simulcasts the 6 a.m. hour of WWNY's weekday morning news and then offers a second hour at 7 seen exclusively on WNYF while WWNY airs CBS Mornings. The simulcast and separate show is known on WNYF as 7 News This Morning on Fox. Although there is no weekday morning or noon meteorologist, news anchor Beth Hall presents the weather forecast. During the weeknight weather segment, the station features a live National Weather Service weather radar based in the Parkers section of Montague.
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
References
External links
Fox network affiliates
MeTV affiliates
Low-power television stations in New York (state)
Television channels and stations established in 2001
NYF-CD
Gray Television
2001 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNYF-CD |
The Shoreland is a historic hotel building in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. It was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Opened in the 1920s, it served hotel guests in luxury accommodations. Later, it was as a residence hall of the University of Chicago for many years, before being converted to an apartment building in 2013.
History
The Shoreland Hotel was opened in 1926 by Harry Fawcett, who reportedly spent $2 million on furnishings alone. The Shoreland Hotel maintained 1,000 guest rooms over 13 floors, a crystal ballroom, a large banquet hall with a top-notch restaurant and an immaculate lobby with 30-foot-high ceilings. Its terra-cotta exterior featured gargoyles and other elaborate stonework. It hosted countless wedding receptions and parties for Chicago's elite, including a massive banquet held when Amelia Earhart returned triumphantly in 1928 to the Hyde Park neighborhood where she had attended high school. Later, Al Capone was known to conduct "business" in certain rooms. In the 1950s, Jimmy Hoffa kept a room in the hotel and often held raucous union meetings there. As the story goes, one of Hoffa's underlings choked the hotel manager, Maurice Bellows in the lobby after he dared to ask the union boss to pay his debt to the hotel. Marge Bellows was the Shoreland's owner at the time, making the hotel the largest in the country with a woman in charge. Another notable resident was Milton Friedman, who occupied rooms in the Shoreland at the same time as Hoffa. Elvis Presley also spent several nights at the Shoreland.
Over time the hotel began to lose its splendor, and in the 1970s it was sold for $750,000 to the University of Chicago. It then became a dormitory, known as Shoreland Hall, and housed approximately 650 undergraduate students. However, in the spring of 2004 the university decommissioned the Shoreland as a dormitory, citing increasing maintenance costs and decreasing popularity among incoming students. It remained in use by the university through spring quarter of 2009, after which it was turned over to a Chicago developer that specializes in historical preservation.
The University sold the Shoreland for $6 million to Kenard Corporation, who had planned to turn it into 260 condominiums. Hal Lichterman, the president of the corporation, had said he hoped to put a restaurant in the old banquet hall and would otherwise gut the building. In fall 2006, after Hal Lichterman's death, Kenard resold the Shoreland for $10 million to R.D. Horner & Associates, one of the three initial bidders on the property. Horner & Associates planned to carry out Kenard's exact plans for converting the dormitory into condominiums. They had originally intended to open the building as early as late 2009, but in April 2007 the University exercised its option to keep the Shoreland open as a dormitory for the 2008-09 academic year.
The Shoreland was sold yet again to New Jersey-based Antheus Capital (through its 5454 S. Shore Drive LLC holding) in August 2008 for $16 million. Antheus Capital and MAC Property Management decided to develop its own plans for the Shoreland. Antheus took over the lease with the University of Chicago, expiring in 2009.
It was converted to apartments and reopened in 2013 with a total of 330 units.
See also
Housing at the University of Chicago
References
External links
Shoreland Chicago official website
Aerial image of the Shoreland under construction
Defunct hotels in Chicago
Hotel buildings completed in 1926
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
Apartment buildings in Chicago
Chicago Landmarks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreland%20Hotel |
Errol "Budoy" Marabiles (born October 22, 1971) is a Filipino reggae musician, songwriter and TV host. He was one of the fourteen housemates in the ABS-CBN show Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition.
Marabiles, easily recognizable among the housemates because of his dreadlocks or turban, attended the University of the Philippines Cebu.
Billed by the show as the "M16 of Samar", he is best known as the vocalist of the Cebu-based reggae band Junior Kilat, which is responsible for songs such as Original Sigbin (In Bisaya mythology, Sigbin is a mythical creature), K Fyne (Okay, Fine) and Ako si M16 (I am M16), which secured the Best Song in the 2005 NU Rock awards sponsored by the Manila-based rock radio station NU 107. That song bested most rock compositions of Manila-based bands though its lyrics are in Cebuano.
Together with one of his bandmates, Marabiles also co-produced and hosted the magazine show Ismol Tym (Small Time) on the independent Cebu-based cable channel RCTV prior to entering PBB.
Marabiles was evicted from the PBB house on Day 49 after losing to fellow nominees Zanjoe Marudo and Bianca Gonzalez through the people's vote. During his stay in the house, he composed (and performed) some songs that are in the Pinoy Big Brother Celebrity Edition soundtrack: Budoy Ako, a Visayan adaptation of Pinoy Ako, and Maligo Na Jam, based on his "Maligo na" (Take a bath already) rap, together with fellow housemates Rico Robles and Roxanne Barcelo.
After being evicted from the House, there was a published report that he told reporters the correct spelling of his last name is "Mirabiles", not "Marabiles" as earlier listed in the official show website and related collateral.
Filmography
Television
Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition (2006)
Amor Chico (2006)
Milyonaryong Mini (2006-2007)
See also
Junior Kilat
External links
The official website of Junior Kilat
A Titik Pilipino write-up about Junior Kilat and Budoy Marabiles
1972 births
Living people
Filipino musicians
21st-century Filipino male singers
Filipino male television actors
People from Cebu City
Musicians from Cebu
Pinoy Big Brother contestants
Male actors from Cebu
People from Samar (province)
Star Magic
University of the Philippines Cebu alumni
Visayan people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budoy%20Marabiles |
Clark Alan Baechle (born April 21, 1981) is an American founding member of the Omaha-based electronic rock band The Faint, along with his brother, Todd Fink. Although he is primarily known for playing drums, he also sings backing vocals and is heavily involved with other aspects of the band's output, such as programming electronic instruments and sequencers, and designing and programming lights for their live shows.
He played guitar in another Nebraskan band, Park Ave., and acted as producer and engineer of their album. He has also participated on many releases and tours for Bright Eyes, playing drums and clarinet. While The Faint was on break following the tour for their 2008 album, Fasciinatiion, Baechle toured and performed with Depressed Buttons, which also included Fink and fellow Faint member Jacob Thiele. For some guest appearances, and when creating remixes for other artists, he uses the stage name Recordist.
Album appearances
Bright Eyes - There Is No Beginning to the Story (2002)
Bright Eyes - Lifted or The Story Is in the Soil, Keep Your Ear to the Ground (2002)
Azure Ray - Hold On Love (2003)
Cursive - The Ugly Organ (2003)
Bright Eyes - I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning (2005)
Bright Eyes - Digital Ash in a Digital Urn (2005)
Bright Eyes - Cassadaga (2007)
Bright Eyes - The People's Key (2011)
Lightspeed Champion - Falling Off the Lavender Bridge (2008)
References
External links
The Faint official website
Saddle Creek Records
Recordist's Myspace
American rock drummers
Living people
Musicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Saddle Creek Records artists
Park Ave. members
The Faint members
1981 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark%20Baechle |
Sayed Rahmatullah Hashemi () is a former envoy of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. 'Sayed' is an honorific title that indicates lineage with the family of the Banu Hashem. He later attended Yale University as a non-degree student, but his application to the bachelor degree program was rejected after condemnation from American conservatives.
Biography
Rahmatullah was born in Afghanistan, to Pashtun parents. In mid 1980s, his family moved to Pakistan. Rahmatullah grew up in Pakistan and was educated in the Pakistani school system. His schooling was fragmented, but he did emerge proficient in English as well as Pashto, Persian, and Urdu.
In 1994, Rahmatullah worked as a computer operator and translator at the zonal sub-office of Afghanistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kandahar. He was appointed to the position of diplomat in the Afghan Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan in 1998. In this capacity, he traveled around the world as an envoy of the Afghan Foreign Ministry of the Taliban regime. When top Taliban leaders were banned from foreign travel, Rahmatullah acted as representative of the regime on foreign visits.
Yale attendance controversy
In 2004, an American friend, Mike Hoover—a CBS cameraman who had sponsored his 2001 trip—suggested applying to college in the US. In 2005, Rahmatullah was admitted to Yale as a non degree student. In 2006, conservative sentiment arose opposing Rahmatullah studying at Yale University and questioning outright his presence in the United States.
As of April 2006, Yale has published the following comment on its website:
Yale has allowed Mr. Hashemi to take courses for college credit in a part-time program that does not award Yale degrees... We hope that his courses help him understand the broader context for the conflicts around the world... According to the State Department, Ramatullah Hashemi was issued U.S. visas in 2004 and 2005, first on a tourist visa and then in 2005 on a student visa. The mandatory procedures were followed, which, in his case, included vetting through an interagency security clearance process. He was cleared by all agencies."
A recent non-scientific poll conducted by the Yale Herald—a student-run weekly newspaper—which was answered by 2,000 undergrads, concluded that 50% of Yale supported Hashmi's acceptance and about 25% opposed it.
In July 2006, Rahmatullah was denied admission to the Eli Whitney Students Program, Yale's degree-granting program for non-traditional students.
References
External links
Transcript
"You've Got Mail (It's From Yale): A university official calls Taliban critics "retarded" while the university maintains a stony silence", Wall Street Journal, 13 March 2006
Ivory Tower Stonewall: A 9/11 survivor asks Yale to explain why it admitted the Taliban Man, Wall Street Journal, 3 April 2006
1978 births
Afghan diplomats
Living people
Pashtun people
Taliban members
Yale University alumni
Afghan emigrants to Pakistan
People from Quetta
Hashemite people
Afghan people of Arab descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayed%20Rahmatullah%20Hashemi |
This Spartan Life is a talk show created by Bong + Dern Productions and produced and directed by Chris Burke, who hosts the show under the pseudonym Damian Lacedaemion . Premiering in 2005 and distributed over the Internet, the show is created using the machinima technique of recording the video and audio from a multiplayer Xbox Live session of Bungie' first-person shooter video game Halo 2. The half-hour episodes are released in six smaller parts, called modules. Guests, such as Bungie's audio director Martin O'Donnell are interviewed via Xbox Live within the online multiplayer worlds of Halo 2, and most recently Halo 3.
In addition to regular shows, special content has been created for Spiketv.com and the 2006 Machinima Festival. A premium edition of Halo 3 includes exclusive This Spartan Life content.
Most recently, This Spartan Life has been distributed on Xbox Live's central hub for Halo, Halo Waypoint. The new episodes on Halo Waypoint include interviews with members of the band OK Go and an interview with Ultima Online creator Richard Garriott.
Episode format
This Spartan Life consists of episodes separated into five or six modules of varying lengths. These modules are the core of the show; they vary from episode to episode. However, there are some common threads. Every show starts with a talk-show standard, the monologue, during which Damian lays out the show ahead, as well as a small comedy bit. This is the only "stable" segment of the show, besides the Solid Gold Elite Dancers, as it has appeared in every episode. The Solid Gold Elite Dancers segment is a dance segment (usually), set to music by Glomag, the pseudonym of the creator Chris Burke, and in Episode Three was a full-fledged music video. The segment "Body Count", which appeared in the first two episodes, is a debate between two contestants who make their points while fighting each other. The Travelogue segment is a glitch montage, which is set to music, and is one of the most popular segments, as the show's original fans were glitchers. The rest of the segment are usually the interviews, with the guest of the show.
Characters
This Spartan Life has a full cast of characters, each with their own unique qualities, which serve to move the show along. As is typical in machinima, the characters have very strong personalities and are heavily characterized in order to make up for the weakness of machinima: the inability to act. The host, Damian Lacedaemion, is a personable soldier in grey with a smiley face emblem adorning his armor. He leads the show with his carefree manner, and when his guests come under fire, he often has to fall back on his soldiering skills to save them. He tries to rise to a "higher level of discourse" and is the center of the civil nature of the show. Damian has a shotgun, named Phil, which can talk, and prefers to be used exclusively by Damian and will fight anyone attempting to use him without authorization. The show's DJ, DJ Octobit, is named in a reference to the 8-bit music he plays in the show. He creates the music for the show on his DJ console, which looks like a strange round pedestal. He never speaks, yet he has defended Damian on several occasions. In the first episode he is referred to as Doctor Octobit, but later his name was changed to DJ Octobit. The show featured a co-host under the tag of d4rk5had0w other-wise known as K. He played a small role in the mini-series as a stand-up comedy Spartan but later left the show. The show also features the Solid Gold Elite Dancers (a reference to the 1980s television series Solid Gold). They usually dance to music by Glomag, the alias of Chris Burke, and a segment in the show is reserved for them.
History
However, before episode one was released the name was changed to This Spartan Life, and all releases have been under that name. The show, while fairly popular, saw a spike in popularity with the release of its fifth blog, which centered on network neutrality. That episode became widespread and was shown to the United States Congress. This Spartan Life experienced a surge in media attention, as shown by This Spartan Lifes press page. In October 2009, episode 6 was released after a long hiatus. this was explained in-show that they were 'working out kinks'.
Production
The guests are either interviewed on Xbox Live, or in Bong + Dern's sound booth. Most shows are made, at least in part, on Xbox Live; however, not all of the show segments can be filmed exclusively on Xbox Live, due to issues of in-game latency ("lag"), which would otherwise prevent the coordination seen in the Solid Gold Elite Dancers. The cameras are created using the "gun-drop glitch", which causes them to lose their weapons, thus providing a less obstructed screen. The guests for the show are usually interviewed in Bong + Dern's sound booth. As of the most recent release of media (Episode 5, Module 4) the cast has moved to Halo 3, utilizing the Saved Film feature for capturing.
This Spartan Life straddles the real and virtual world. It is filmed in and intentionally incorporates the unpredictability of the open environment of Xbox Live. During a filming session, others engage earnestly in a multiplayer game in the same area, and may sometimes attack the host or his interviewee. Occasionally, Burke and his guest devolve into firing at each other's avatars.
Reception
This Spartan Life has been mentioned by Attack of the Show!, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Wired Magazine, and Google Current. The show won an award for Best Machinima Series at the 2005 Machinima Film Festival and 2008 Machinima Film Festival. and was nominated for the same award in 2006, but did not win. The show was featured at Festival Nemo in France. Special videos have been created for Spiketv.com and the 2006 Machinima Festival. The show has gathered a large online community of both new media advocates and gamers.
References
External links
Official site
Official site (archived)
Machinima works
Works based on Halo (franchise) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Spartan%20Life |
Franz Kutschera (22 February 1904 – 1 February 1944) was an Austrian Nazi politician and government official. He held numerous administrative offices with the Nazi Party and the Schutzstaffel (SS) both before and after the Anschluss of Austria in 1938. During World War II, he served with the SS in France, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and finally Poland.
In 1943, Kutschera was appointed the SS and Police Leader in German-occupied Warsaw. Due to his crimes against Poles, including Polish Jews, the Polish Home Army, in agreement with the Polish government in exile, targeted him for assassination. On 1 February 1944, he was gunned down in front of the SS headquarters in Warsaw in a special operation by Kedyw, a dedicated resistance special operations unit. In reprisal, the Germans executed 300 Polish civilians.
Life
Kutschera was born in Oberwaltersdorf, Lower Austria (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire) on 22 February 1904 and was the son of a professional gardener and minor civil servant. After primary school he served as a cabin boy in the Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1918–19 and later attended a gymnasium in Villach. After graduation he briefly enrolled at a machinists school in Budapest before training to become a gardener like his father. For several years Kutschera would reside in Opava and Karlovy Vary in the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
Early Nazi career
Kutschera joined the Austrian Nazi Party in December 1930 and the Schutzstaffel (SS) in November 1931. The Nazi Party in Austria was banned in July 1933 by the Austrofascist government of Engelbert Dollfuss. Despite the government ban, Kutschera remained a committed Party activist and was arrested several times by Austrian authorities for illegal pro-Nazi political activities. From 1933 he served as an SS-Truppführer in Carinthia, and he joined the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) in 1934. In July 1935 he was appointed deputy commander of the 90th SS-Standarte based in Klagenfurt, serving in this capacity until March 1938.
After the Austrian Anschluss to Nazi Germany in March 1938, Kutschera joined the civil administration of the newly-established Reichsgau Carinthia as an aide to Gauleiter Hubert Klausner. After the 10 April 1938 election and referendum, Kutschera became a member of the Großdeutscher Reichstag, maintaining this position until his death. On 24 May he was formally appointed Deputy Gauleiter, essentially running the Gau during Klausner's frequent absences in Vienna in his capacity as deputy to Reichskommissar Josef Bürckel.
In February 1939, he was also appointed to the People's Court as a lay judge and upon Klausner's sudden death on 12 February, Kutschera was elevated to the post of Acting Gauleiter for Carinthia.
World War II
Shortly after the outbreak of World War II, Kutschera was named the representative in Carinthia of Friedrich Rainer, the Reich Defense Commissioner for Wehrkreis (Military District) XVIII, who was headquartered in Salzburg. Kutschera volunteered for military service in March 1940 and was assigned to the 139th Gebirgsjäger (light infantry) regiment of the 3rd Mountain Division. He was transferred to the 6th Mountain Division and took part in the Battle of France in the Vosges in May and June 1940.
He was promoted to the rank of SS-Brigadeführer in November 1940. During the German Balkan Campaign, on 14 April 1941 Kutschera was named Chief of Civil Administration for Slovenian Carinthia and Upper Carniola, which were administered as part of his Gau, and where he became infamous in the war against the Yugoslav Partisans for his fanaticism and extreme harshness. On 27 November 1941, Kutschera was dismissed as Gauleiter for reportedly plotting to absorb the neighboring Reichsgau Salzburg into his jurisdiction. He was succeeded by his rival, Friedrich Rainer, the Gauleiter in Salzburg.
In January 1942, Kutschera was seconded to the staff of Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, the Higher SS and police leader (HSSPF) for Central Russia (Belarus), where he served as a representative of the Reich Commissariat for the Strengthening of German Nationhood (RKFDV). Soon after his arrival on the Eastern Front, Kutschera personally directed numerous anti-partisan and mass-killing operations in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union. In November 1942 he was given the rank of Generalmajor der Polizei and on 5 May 1943 he was appointed SS and Police Leader (SSPF) for the Mogilev district.
Warsaw
On 25 September 1943, Kutschera took office as SS and Police Leader for the Warsaw district of the General Government in occupied Poland. Once in power in Warsaw, he increased the number of roundups (łapanka) of Polish citizens and the number of hostage executions. Every day lists were hung in public announcing the names of the next Poles to be executed in the event of any attack on a German soldier or police officer. These notices were always signed anonymously by the "Commander of the SS and Police at Warsaw District".
Kutschera's exact whereabouts while in Warsaw was a closely guarded secret within the Reich Security Main Office but were discovered in December 1943 by Aleksander Kunicki (Rayski), chief of intelligence for the Agat (Anti-Gestapo) unit of Kedyw. In the course of his routine surveillance of the Gestapo offices on Aleje Szucha, Rayski noticed an Opel Admiral limousine entering the driveway of the nearby Warsaw SS headquarters. The SS officer who emerged from the car wore the clearly identifiable rank and insignia of a Brigadeführer. Intrigued, Rayski began to secretly monitor the mysterious SS man's arrivals and departures from SS headquarters and filed a report with his superiors. An investigation by Kedyw in January 1944 confirmed that the man being observed by Rayski was Franz Kutschera.
Assassination
Following his discovery by Rayski, Kutschera was tried in absentia by a secret Special Court of the Polish Underground State. He was charged with crimes against the Polish nation, in particular, the routine mass murder of Polish civilians in Warsaw. Kutschera was convicted and sentenced to death. In London the leadership of the Polish government-in-exile concurred with the decision of the Special Court and approved Kutschera's death sentence. The execution order was soon drafted and relayed to the commander of Kedyw, Brigadier General Emil August Fieldorf (Nil), whose organization had been given the tasks of planning and performing the assassination.
The execution was carried out by the combat-sabotage unit of Kedyw (the predecessor of Battalion Parasol). The assassination team consisted of 12 individual operatives, mostly members of the scouting and guiding Gray Ranks. It was planned to carry out the execution in front of the Warsaw SS Headquarters at 23 Ujazdów Avenue. On the morning of 1 February 1944 three Kedyw gunmen: (Lot), who was armed with a German MP 40 submachine gun; (Kruszynka), carrying a British Sten; and (Miś), armed with a Luger pistol, ambushed Kutschera as his limousine approached SS Headquarters and opened fire directly into the car. Both Kutschera and his driver were shot multiple times and killed. A gun battle then erupted between the members of the assassination team and the responding German troops in which four Poles and two Germans were killed.
Kutschera's funeral ceremony was held by the Nazis at Brühl palace and his body was later transported to Berlin aboard a special train. On 2 February 1944, the German authorities in Warsaw staged a public execution of 300 Polish civilian hostages as a reprisal for the assassination. The Germans also imposed a crushing 100 million złoty tribute on the Polish residents of Warsaw and Warsaw County. Kutschera was succeeded as SS and Police leader by SS-Oberführer Paul Otto Geibel in March 1944.
Posthumous wife and son
On 4 February 1944, in Deutsches Haus in Warsaw, Kutschera's pregnant Norwegian girlfriend, Jane Lilian Gjertsdatter Steen, daughter of Gjert Henrik Gjertsen Steen and Magna (or Magda) Anette Hansdatter (
Gjengstø) Steen posthumously married Kutschera in accordance with pagan rituals.
Jane Kutschera (later Rognskog) died in Norway in 1994. Her son, Sepp Kutschera, became an Alpinist, who was the first to climb Koh-e Keshni Khan in the Hindukush mountains, in 1963. He died in 2014.
References
Sources
Dunin-Wąsowicz, Marek (1957) "Zamach na Kutscherę", Warszawa
Mazower, Mark (2008) Hitler's Empire, Penguin Press,
Stachniewicz, Piotr (1982) "AKCJA "KUTSCHERA", Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa
External links
1904 births
1944 deaths
People executed by the Polish Underground State
People from Baden District, Austria
Gauleiters
SS and Police Leaders
Nazis assassinated by Polish resistance
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Holocaust perpetrators in Russia
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Holocaust perpetrators in Yugoslavia
Deaths by firearm in Poland
Austrian Nazis
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
SS-Brigadeführer
Judges in the Nazi Party
Nazi Party politicians
Child soldiers in World War I
Prisoners and detainees of Austria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Kutschera |
is a Japanese comedy unit (kombi) consisting of two , and . Sometimes also known as , they are one of the most popular owarai kombi coming from Yoshimoto Kōgyō in Tokyo. Their name literally means "Vice manager, Section manager", and is a reference to the titles of two visitors at the bar in which they were working part-time before they were discovered by Yoshimoto. They were originally a three-man group with the name , or "Vice Manager, Section Manager, President", but after the third member of the group left, the name was reduced to its current version.
Kōmoto is the boke of the duo, and the much quieter Inoue is the tsukkomi. Both comedians are natives of Okayama. Inoue has a reputation among owarai geinin for being handsome, and he has scored high on Yoshimoto's "handsomest geinin ranking" for the last five years. Kōmoto is most famous for his strange faces and high-pitched character voices, although he is also a very talented singer, and is well respected by other owarai geinin for his skills. He is often heard squealing the line . In March 2003, Kōmoto married Naomi Shigemoto (former Osaka Performance Doll member), and they now have a son.
Kōmoto appeared in the NTV drama, 14-year-old Mother, playing the uncle of the 14-year-old pregnant girl. He is currently active in the idol group Yoshimotozaka46.
External links
Yoshimoto Kōgyō official profile
Japanese comedy duos
People from Okayama Prefecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jich%C5%8D%20Kach%C5%8D |
Uttamadhanapuram Venkatasubbaiyer Swaminatha Iyer (19 February 1855 – 28 April 1942) was a Tamil scholar and researcher who was instrumental in bringing many long-forgotten works of classical Tamil literature to light. His singular efforts over five decades brought to light major literary works in Tamil and contributed vastly to the enrichment of its literary heritage. Iyer published over 90 books in his lifetime, on a variety of matters connected to classical Tamil literature, and collected over 3,000 paper manuscripts, palm-leaf manuscripts and notes of various kinds.
He is affectionately called Tamil Thatha (literally, "Tamil grandfather").
Early life
Utthamadhanapuram Venkatasubramanian Swaminathan was born on 19 February 1855 in the village of Suriyamoolai near Kumbakonam in present-day Tamil Nadu.
Academic career
Swaminatha Iyer learned Tamil literature and grammar for five years as a devoted student to Mahavidvan Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, a great poet and scholar. He was also a beneficiary of the reputed Saiva Mutt at Thiruvavaduthurai. Tyagaraja Chettiar was the head of the Tamil Department at the Government Arts College, Kumbakonam. A student of Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, he was a man of great erudition and was held in high esteem alike by his pupils and by the public. When Chettiar retired, he recommended that Swaminatha Iyer be invited to take his place. Swaminatha Iyer was duly appointed to that post on 16 February 1880. During his tenure at the College, Swaminatha Iyer met Salem Ramaswami Mudaliar, a civil munsif who had been recently transferred to Kumbakonam. The friendship between them proved to be a turning point in Swaminatha Iyer's life. Mudaliar was responsible for persuading Iyer to edit and publish the ancient Tamil classics. Swaminatha Iyer had till then confined his enjoyment of Tamil literature to medieval works. Mudaliar also gave him a handwritten copy of Seevaga Sindhamani for publication.
Manuscript recovery
As the Civaka Cintamani was a Jain classic, Swaminatha Iyer went to the homes of learned member of the Jain community in Kumbakonam to get some doubts cleared. He also read the Jain epics and collated several manuscript versions and arrived at a correct conclusion. It was due to his efforts that the Cevaka Cintamani was published in 1887. From that time onwards, he began to search for Sangam classics with a view to editing and publishing them. After the Cevaka Cintamani, the Pattupattu was published.
Thus began Swaminatha Iyer's long search for the original texts of ancient literary works during which he regularly worked with C. W. Damodaram Pillai. It was a search that lasted until his death. Many people voluntarily parted with the manuscripts in their possession. Swaminatha Iyer visited almost every hamlet and knocked at every door. He employed all the resources at his command to get at the works. As a result, a large number of literary works which were gathering dust as palm-leaf manuscripts in lofts, storerooms, boxes and cupboards saw the light of day. Of them, the Cilappatikaram, Manimekalai and Purananuru were received by Tamil lovers with a lot of enthusiasm. Purananuru, which mirrored the lives of Tamils during the Sangam period, prompted scholarly research on the subject. In a span of about five decades, Swaminatha Iyer published about 100 books, including minor poems, lyrics, puranas and bhakti (devotional) works. He was supported financially by Tamil enthusiasts such as Pandithurai Thevar, Zamindhar of Palavanatham, in publishing the books.
Swaminatha Iyer retired from active teaching in 1919. His research work increased several times after retirement. He travelled from place to place in search of palm leaf manuscripts so as to edit and publish them. From 1924 to 1927, Iyer was the Principal of the Meenakshi Tamil College in Annamalai University, Chidambaram. On health grounds, he resigned the post, came to Madras and continued his research.
Contributions to Tamil music
Another significant contribution made by Swaminatha Iyer is in the realm of Tamil music. Until Swaminatha Iyer published the Cilappatikaram, Pattupattu and Ettuthokai, music was a grey area in Tamil research. During the previous four centuries, Telugu and Sanskrit dominated the music scene in Tamil Nadu in the absence of any valuable information on Tamil music. Swaminatha Iyer's publications threw light on the presence of Tamil music in the earlier centuries and paved the way for serious research on the subject. As the son of a famous musician of his time, Swaminatha Iyer learnt music from Gopalakrishna Bharathi, a musical exponent and the author of Nandan Sarithiram.
His autobiography
Swaminatha Iyer published his autobiography, En Saritham, serialised in the Tamil weekly Ananda Vikatan, from January 1940 to May 1942. It was later published as a book in 1950. Running into 762 pages, the book is an excellent account of the life and times of villages, especially in the Thanjavur district in the late 19th century. The Tamil is simple and peppered with many observations on people as well as descriptions of school life, life in monasteries (Mutts). The book also reveals the enormous perseverance of U V Swaminatha Iyer in his quest to master Tamil and save manuscripts.
Legacy and honours
It was primarily due to his and C. W. Damodaram Pillai's efforts that the world came to know the literary output of the ancient Tamils and their past. Tamil poet and nationalist Subramania Bharati, who inspired the freedom movement with his songs, admired Swaminatha Iyer. Paying tribute to Swaminatha Iyer in one of his poems, Bharati equated Iyer with the sage, Agastya when he called him Kumbamuni. (Agastya, who was among the first exponents of Tamil, was supposed to have been born in a Kumbha—a kind of vessel—hence the name Kumbamuni) and said: "So long as Tamil lives, poets will venerate you and pay obeisance to you. You will ever shine as an immortal."
The meeting of Rabindranath Tagore and the grand old man of Tamil literature in 1926 in Chennai was a historic moment. Not only did Tagore call on Swaminatha Iyer, but also penned a poem in praise of his efforts to salvage ancient classical Tamil literary works from palm leaf manuscripts.
The honorary doctoral degree (D.Litt.) was conferred on Iyer by the University of Madras in 1906. In recognition of his outstanding literary accomplishments and contributions, he was also honoured with the title, Mahamahopathiyaya, literally: "Greatest of great teachers". In the same year, when the Prince and Princess of Wales visited Madras, a function was arranged where Swaminatha Iyer was honoured. Iyer was awarded the title of Dakshinathya Kalanidhi in 1925. In 1932, the Madras University awarded an honorary PhD to him in recognition of his services in the cause of Tamil. Indian Postal department issued a commemorative postage stamp on 18 February 2006. His house in Uthamadhanapuram has been converted as a Memorial.
References
Further reading
En Charitram - Autobiography of U.V.Swaminatha Ayyar in Tamil (Part 1)
En Charitram - Autobiography of U.V.Swaminatha Ayyar in Tamil (Part 2)
En Charitram - Autobiography of U.V.Swaminatha Ayyar in Tamil (Part 3)
En Charitram - Autobiography of U.V.Swaminatha Ayyar in Tamil (Part 4)
En Charitram - Autobiography of U.V.Swaminatha Ayyar in Tamil (Part 5)
Viswanathan, S., The patriarch of Tamil, Frontline Volume 22 – Issue 05, 26 Feb – 11 March 2005
Pradeep Chakravarthy's article on "The Hindu" – Grand Old Man of Tamizh Grand Old Man of Tamizh – Article on "The Hindu"
External links
Swaminatha Iyer, U.V.
Swaminatha Iyer, U.V.
Swaminatha Iyer, U.V.
Dravidologists
People from Thanjavur district
Academic staff of Annamalai University
Writers from British India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.%20V.%20Swaminatha%20Iyer |
Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner (formerly Windows Live Safety Center and codenamed Vegas) was an online scanning, PC cleanup, and diagnosis service to help remove of viruses, spyware/adware, and other malware. It was a free web service that was part of Windows Live.
On November 18, 2008, Microsoft announced the discontinuation of Windows Live OneCare, offering users a new free anti-malware suite Microsoft Security Essentials, which had been available since the second half of 2009. However, Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner, under the same branding as Windows Live OneCare, was not discontinued during that time. The service was officially discontinued on April 15, 2011 and replaced with Microsoft Safety Scanner.
Overview
Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner offered a free online scanning and protection from threats. The Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner must be downloaded and installed to your computer to scan your computer. The "Full Service Scan" looks for common PC health issues such as viruses, temporary files, and open network ports. It searches and removes viruses, improves a computer's performance, and removes unnecessary clutter on the PC's hard disk. The user can choose between a "Full Scan" (which can be customized) or a "Quick Scan".
The "Full Scan" scans for viruses (comprehensive scan or quick scan), hard disk performance (Disk fragmentation scan and/or Desk cleanup scan) and network safety (open port scan). The "Quick Scan" only scans for viruses, only on specific areas on the computer. The quick scan is faster than the full scan, hence that appellation.
The service also provides a virus database, information about online threats, and general computer security documentation and tools.
Limits
The virus scanner on the Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner site runs a scan of the user's computer only when the site is visited. It does not run periodic scans of the system, and does not provide features to prevent viruses from infecting the computer at the time, or thereafter. It simply resolves detected infections.
Many users who have posted on the Product Feedback forum report script errors relating to Internet Explorer 7 (besides IE being the only browser supported by this service). The OneCare safety scanner team have been actively solving these problems, many of them registry-related.
References
OneCare Safety Scanner
Computer security software
Web applications
2006 software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Live%20OneCare%20Safety%20Scanner |
Adolfo Camarillo High School (ACHS) is a public high school in Camarillo, California established 1956. The school is part of the Oxnard Union High School District and serves students in grades 9–12 in east Camarillo, Somis, and the Santa Rosa Valley. ACHS is named for Adolfo Camarillo, a prominent Californio ranchero and founder of the city which bears his name; he donated part of Rancho Calleguas for the high school.
History
Adolfo Camarillo, who founded the city of Camarillo and was instrumental in the creation of the Oxnard Union High School District, donated of his Rancho Calleguas property for a public high school in 1950. Adolfo Camarillo High School opened in 1956, initially educating high school students from the Camarillo and Conejo Valley areas. (Thousand Oaks High School opened in 1962 to serve the latter.)
Athletics
Adolfo Camarillo High School's athletic teams are nicknamed the Scorpions. The school is a charter member of the Coastal Canyon League (CCL), a conference within the CIF Southern Section (CIF-SS) that was established in 2014. ACHS competes in the CCL for all sports except football and in the Marmonte Football Association for football. Prior to 2014, the school was a long-time member of the Pacific View League. Camarillo's primary rival is Rio Mesa High School.
The first ACHS team to earn a CIF-SS championship was the boys' basketball team in 1972. soccer team, a 1983 co-championship with Dos Pueblos High School after playing to a 3–3 draw in the final.
The ACHS softball team won three CIF-SS championships in 1991, 2011, and 2017; the first of these came against Buena High School.
Camarillo won section titles in baseball in 2002, boys' volleyball in 2003, and boys' wrestling (dual-meet championship) in 2015.
The school hosts the Camarillo Classic, a well known early season, two-day invitational track-and-field event, every March. It attracts dozens of teams from all over Southern California. The Distance Classic portion of the event has attracted notable athletes such as Jordan Hasay, Duane Solomon and Christine Babcock to come and produce record-breaking performances at the Camarillo Classic. In 2007, when Hasay ran her meet record 10:04.07 in the 3200 meters, both standing national record holders in the event, Kim Mortensen and Jeff Nelson, were in attendance.
Football
Adolfo Camarillo High School has earned three CIF-SS football championships. The first was in 1984 when the Scorpions defeated Ventura High School at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In 1996, ACHS beat Notre Dame High School of Sherman Oaks 20–16 in a matchup that pitted quarterback and future MLB outfielder Joe Borchard against future NFL running back Justin Fargas. Camarillo won its most recent title in 2015, beating Thousand Oaks High School 55–27 and finishing Southern Section play with a 14–0 record. That same year, the Scorpions won the CIF Southern California regional title in Division 2-AA and appeared in the state championship game.
Notable alumni
Bryan Anger, National Football League punter
Joe Borchard, Major League Baseball player
Randy Elliott, MLB outfielder, San Diego Padres
Jerry Finn, music producer
Jeremy Fischer, USA Track & Field coach
Joel Hodge, cinematographer
Jaime Jaquez Jr., professional basketball player for Miami Heat
Erik Komatsu, MLB player
Tom Lenk, actor
Jeff Mathews, Canadian Football League quarterback
Jessica Mendoza, U.S. Olympic softball player and ESPN baseball broadcaster
Alex Nowrasteh, economist and immigration policy analyst
Mike Parrott, MLB player
Marla Runyan, U.S. Paralympic gold medalist, one of only five athletes to participate in both the Paralympics and Olympics
Kevin Shulman, Writer, Director, Producer
Jeff Tackett, Major League Baseball player
Hilary Van Dyke, actress
Trevor Wallace, comedian and YouTube star
Delmon Young, MLB and Australian Baseball League player
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Camarillo, California
Camarillo High School, Adolfo
Educational institutions established in 1956
Public high schools in California
1956 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolfo%20Camarillo%20High%20School |
Tearaway Magazine is a free youth lifestyle magazine, founded in Whanganui, New Zealand in 1986. Known as The Voice of New Zealand Youth, it is aimed at teenagers and young adults in New Zealand. It is the oldest youth magazine in New Zealand currently in operation. It was founded by John and Vicki Francis and, after a series of changes of ownership in the late 2000s, early 2010s, late 2019 and mid 2020, it is now owned and edited by former Music Editor and Music Promoter Erica McQueen. In October 2014 it was announced that Tearaway was becoming fully digital, with the Term 4, 2014 edition of the magazine being its last printed issue. Tearaway is now predominantly a magazine website, with its own YouTube channel, Tearaway TV.
Content ranges from music, theatre, movies, health, education, travel and politics.
The content in Tearaway is created almost entirely by the Tearaway Mavericks, a group of young New Zealand writers, photographers, film-makers and illustrators gaining experience in the media industry, as well as a few contributors with media and communications degrees. Tearaway has writers and editors based across the country, including all of the main centres, with most of its editorial team being based in Wellington.
The name of the magazine was chosen because in New Zealand slang a "tearaway" is a bit of a rebel, which was thought to describe the magazine's readers. In addition, the founders intended to 'tear away’ from the style and attitude that most other publications had towards teenagers – to find new ways of presenting the stories of young people.
Editorial Team and Ownership
Tearaway is edited by Erica McQueen, a former Maverick and Music Editor, now the owner of the magazine. In 2017, Tearaway created its first ever political editorial role, taking on student Ethan Griffiths as Political Editor. In 2019, Tearaway created its Hapori (community) Editor role, with Azaria Howell selected for the position.
In late 2019, Rain Francis, daughter of the magazines founders John and Vicki Francis stepped down as publisher. Rain sold the magazine to Alexandra and Nick Cownie, owners of Whiteboard Media Ltd, a publishing group based in Australia. Shortly after the change of ownership, the Editor, Deputy Editor and Political Editor stood down. In June 2020 during the COVID-19 economic crisis, Whiteboard Media sold the magazine to Erica McQueen, a former Maverick and Music Editor. McQueen assumed the role of Editor.
Controversy
In 2003, Tearaway found itself embroiled in controversy after McDonald's in New Zealand banned the magazine from its restaurants. Liam Jeory, the Director of Corporate Relations of McDonald's Restaurants, said ‘some restaurants’ were banning the edition because of its ‘sexuality’ content, and because there was a competition giving away condoms and lubricants. In fact, the article surrounded the experience of gay young people coming out to their parents, and included a giveaway for Durex condoms, which had occurred in previous editions of the magazine also. Tearaway later responded in a press release, saying "McDonald’s advocate being a ‘family values’ restaurant. Are gay youth not part of families?".
Notable Former Staff
Jehan Casinader - TVNZ Sunday Reporter
Alex Clark - PressPatron founder, NZ Tech Startup of the Year Winner
Aaron Dahmen - Newstalk ZB Parliament Press Gallery Reporter
Azaria Howell - Newstalk ZB Journalist
References
External links
Tearaway Magazine — official website
1986 establishments in New Zealand
2014 disestablishments in New Zealand
Defunct magazines published in New Zealand
Free magazines
Lifestyle magazines
Magazines established in 1986
Magazines disestablished in 2014
Mass media in Wellington
Magazines published in New Zealand
Online magazines with defunct print editions
Youth magazines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearaway%20Magazine |
The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on their Recognition, or Hague Trust Convention is a multilateral treaty developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law on the Law Applicable to Trusts. It concluded on 1 July 1985, entered into force 1 January 1992, and is as of September 2017 ratified by 14 countries. The Convention uses a harmonised definition of a trust, which is the subject of the convention, and sets conflict rules for resolving problems in the choice of the applicable law. The key provisions of the Convention are:
each party recognises the existence and validity of trusts. However, the Convention only relates to trusts with a written trust instrument. It would not apply trusts which arise (usually in common law jurisdictions) without a written trust instrument.
the Convention sets out the characteristics of trusts under the convention.
the Convention sets out clear rules for determining the governing law of trusts with a cross-border element.
Background
Many states do not have a developed law of trusts, or the principles differ significantly between states. It was therefore necessary for the Hague Convention to define a trust to indicate the range of legal transactions regulated by the Convention and, perhaps more significantly, the range of applications not regulated. The definition offered in Article 2 is:
...the legal relationship created, inter vivos or on death, by a person, the settlor, when assets have been placed under the control of a trustee for the benefit of a beneficiary or for a specified purpose.
A trust has the following characteristics:
(a) the assets constitute a separate fund and are not a part of the trustee's own estate;
(b) title to the trust assets stands in the name of the trustee or in the name of another person on behalf of the trustee;
(c) the trustee has the power and the duty, in respect of which he is accountable, to manage, employ or dispose of the assets in accordance with the terms of the trust and the special duties imposed upon him by law. The reservation by the settlor of certain rights and powers, and the fact that the trustee may himself have rights as a beneficiary, are not necessarily inconsistent with the existence of a trust.
Article 3 provides that the Convention only applies to express trusts created voluntarily and evidenced in writing. It will therefore not cover oral trusts, resulting trusts, constructive trusts, statutory trusts or trusts created by judicial order. But signatory states are free to apply the Convention to any form of trust. There are incidental question problems if the trust is testamentary and, under Article 4, if it is alleged that the testator lacked capacity, or that the will is formally or substantively invalid, or that it had been revoked, these issues must be determined first under the lex fori Conflict rules on characterisation and choice of law before the Convention rules can apply. This will include, for example, a detailed consideration of any marriage settlement or applicable law containing community property provisions which might prevent the testator alienating property from a spouse or child of the family (see succession (conflict)). Obviously, if the will purporting to create the trust is held invalid, there are no trusts to adjudicate upon.
The applicable law
Article 6 allows the settlor to select the applicable law in the inter vivos or testamentary document. Under normal circumstances, the settlor will be acting on professional advice and will make an express selection or it will be implied from the facts of the case. But, under Article 6(2), if the settlor selects a law with no relevant provisions or the provisions in the municipal law selected would be inappropriate, or there is no selection, Article 7 applies to select the law which is most closely connected with the transaction. This is judged by reference to four alternative connecting factors which are to be considered as at the time the putative trust is created:
the place where the trust is to be administered;
the place where the assets are to be found (for immovables, there is no problemthe lex situs is easily identified; for movables, the most common form is choses in action such as shares and bonds, and their location does not change (bearer bonds and other instruments where title is determined by mere possession are relatively uncommon), but for tangible assets, this will usually be the place where the assets are located at the time of the hearing given that this represents the place where any Court Order would have to be enforced: see property (conflict));
the place where the trustee is resident or conducts his or her business;
the place where the purpose or object of the trust is to be fulfilled.
Despite the identification of these four factors, the court must actually perform a rounded evaluation of all the circumstances. Thus, it would be relevant to consider the distribution of the assets if in separate states, the purpose of the trust (which might be the evasion of taxation or other provisions in some of the states where the assets are located), the lex domicilii or lex patriae of the settlor and the beneficiaries (particularly if the legal transaction is a marriage settlement or testamentary), the legal form of the document, and the law of the place where the document was executed (this latter factor may either be accidental and so of marginal value, or contrived to take advantage of a favourable law and so highly significant).
The scope of the applicable law
Under Article 8, the law specified by Article 6 or 7 shall govern the validity of the trust, its construction, its effects, and the administration of the trust. In particular that law shall govern:
(a) the appointment, resignation and removal of trustees, the capacity to act as a trustee, and the devolution of the office of trustee;
(b) the rights and duties of trustees among themselves;
(c) the right of trustees to delegate in whole or in part the discharge of their duties or the exercise of their powers;
(d) the power of trustees to administer or to dispose of trust assets , to create security interests in the trust assets, or to acquire new assets;
(e) the powers of investment of trustees;
(f) restrictions upon the duration of the trust, and upon the power to accumulate the income of the trust;
(g) the relationships between the trustees and the beneficiaries including the personal liability of the trustees to the beneficiaries;
(h) the variation of termination of the trust (because variation is expressly within the scope of the Applicable Law, this may be a significant factor in any issue of forum non conveniens raised if an application to vary is made to a forum other than a forum of the Applicable Law);
(i) the distribution of the trust assets;
(j) the duty of trustees to account for their administration.
Severance
Articles 9 and 10 allow the Applicable Law by which the validity of the trust has been established, to sever aspects of the trust and its administration so that separate laws shall apply to each component. In fact, the settlor may expressly select an Applicable Law for each component and the forum court should respect his or her wishes. But, in general terms, it is desirable that a single law should be applied to the administration and the fact that there may be assets located in separate states should not, per se, justify severing the trust. The relevant lex situs can be applied to micromanage the asset(s) by the trustee(s) without having to apply the situs law to the administration of the trust in that state. Equally, this is not an argument for a judicial approach which favours the law of the place of administration as the Applicable Law. Although the administration must comply with the municipal laws for general purposes, the duty to honour the intentions of the settlor may make the law of the place where the most significant part of that intention is to be realised the most significant single law.
Recognition
Under Article 11, a trust complying with the Applicable Law shall be recognised as a trust which implies, as a minimum, that the trust property constitutes a separate fund, that the trustee may sue and be sued in his capacity as trustee, and that he or she may appear or act in this capacity before a notary or any person acting in an official capacity. In so far as the law applicable to the trust requires or provides, this recognition implies in particular:
(a) that personal creditors of the trustee shall have no recourse against the trust assets;
(b) that the trust assets shall not form part of the trustee's estate upon his insolvency or bankruptcy;
(c) that the trust assets shall not form part of the matrimonial property of the trustee or his spouse nor part of the trustee's estate upon his death;
(d) that the trust assets may be recovered when the trustee, in breach of trust, has mingled trust assets with his own property or has alienated trust assets.
However, the rights and obligations of any third party holder of the assets shall remain subject to the law determined by the choice of law rules of the lex fori. Thus, although the Convention makes provision for the trustee(s) and any third parties, it fails to address the position of the beneficiaries who, for example, might wish to pursue assets intermixed with the trustee's personal property through actions for tracing. One of the problems that beneficiaries might encounter is addressed in Article 12 which considers the problem where the situs law does not have a title registration system which reflects ownership registration in a representative capacity. While recognising that the Convention cannot require states to modify their existing registers, it provides that the trustee shall be entitled, in so far as this is not prohibited by or inconsistent with the law of the State where registration is sought, to do so in his capacity as trustee or in such other way that the existence of the trust is disclosed. This implicitly recognises the desirability of all registration systems distinguishing between beneficial and representative titles.
This general difficulty of municipal laws failure to support trusts is addressed in Article 13, which considers the situation of those who wish to create a trust but can only do so by invoking laws entirely outside their own state. As an application of comity, no forum state is bound to recognise a trust the significant elements of which, except for the choice of the applicable law, the place of administration and the habitual residence of the trustee, are more closely connected with States which do not have the institution of the trust or the category of trust involved. But, because this could be interpreted as an invitation not to validate otherwise perfectly appropriate financial arrangements for deserving beneficiaries, Article 14 provides that the Convention shall not prevent the application of rules of law more favourable to the recognition of trusts. This reflects the positive rules of public policy which require that the validity of a transaction (whether commercial or not) be upheld if at all possible where this will give effect to the reasonable expectations of the parties. The only exceptions shall be where this will produce consequences offending against the mandatory policies of the forum court in which case Article 18 empowers the court to deny the Applicable Law, even if it has been expressly selected by the settlor. But Article 15(2) nevertheless requires the forum court to consider adopting an approach that will preserve the overall validity of the trust insofar as that generality does not offend against the mandatory policy.
States parties
As of September 2017, 14 countries have ratified the convention: Australia, Cyprus, Canada (9 provinces: all except Quebec, and none of the territories), China (Hong Kong only), Italy, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands (European territory only), Panama, San Marino, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (including 12 dependent territories/crown dependencies: Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Bermuda, British Antarctic Territory, British Virgin Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Montserrat, Saint Helena, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands).
References
External links
Text of the Convention, Hague Conference on International Private Law
Status of ratification and signatories, Hague Conference on International Private Law
Conflict of laws
Treaties concluded in 1985
Treaties entered into force in 1992
Wills and trusts
Equity (law)
Trusts
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Canada
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Malta
Treaties of Monaco
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of Liechtenstein
Treaties of San Marino
1985 in the Netherlands
Treaties extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Treaties extended to Bermuda
Treaties extended to the British Antarctic Territory
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to Montserrat
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
20th century in The Hague | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague%20Trust%20Convention |
Sides is the fourth studio album by English musician and composer Anthony Phillips. It was released in April 1979 by Arista Records in the United Kingdom and in June 1979 on Passport Records in the United States. After completing Private Parts & Pieces (1978), an album of home recordings that Phillips had recorded years before but remained unreleased, Phillips returned to making a commercial record. The UK release saw the first 5,000 copies of Sides packaged with a Collectors Album edition of Private Parts & Pieces.
Background and recording
Following the release of his second album Wise After the Event in May 1978, Phillips started work on his next record which was to be an album of all fresh material. However, the writing sessions had Phillips in doubt as to whether his re-emergence as a recording artist in 1977 was at the right time, as his progressive style of music was becoming increasingly out of fashion. Phillips also had difficulty in deciding what musical direction to undertake, and saw little value in recording more folk and romantic-oriented music which he had done on his first album The Geese & the Ghost (1977) and Wise After the Event. His label, the US-based Passport Records, put pressure on him to deliver more radio friendly songs.
During the preparation of the album's material, Phillips called upon producer and songwriter Rupert Hine and drummer Michael Giles to assist, both of whom had worked on Wise After the Event. Phillips was soon advised by Passport and his management to include guest vocalists as they deemed his songwriting ability strong enough, but figured other singers would benefit the material in a commercial sense. Phillips was attracted to this idea as he lacked the confidence to handle all the lead vocals himself, and hired singers Dan Owen and Dale Newman, the latter once a member of the Genesis road crew.
Before recording began, Phillips and the group rehearsed for two weeks at Farmyard Studios in Buckinghamshire. They completed some songs there, including "Um & Aargh" which was an easy track for them to put together, and "Nightmare". Recording began in October 1978 at Essex Studios in London. The best takes of each track were transferred to a 24-track master to allow room for overdubs and vocals, and it was decided to mix down the original 16-track recordings for four songs, "Sisters of Remindum", "Bleak House", "Magdalen", and "Nightmare", straight onto the master. Both masters were then synchronised during the mixing stage. Recording then moved to Matrix Studios in London, where engineering duties were overseen by Nick Bradford, and the overdubs were put down at Trident Studios. After completing a rough mix of "Catch You When You Fall", a proposed song for the album, Phillips was unsatisfied with the lyrics and left it off. It was released in instrumental form on Archive Collection Volume I in 1998.
In December 1978, after preparing a master copy, President Records manager Marty Scott suggested that some tracks would benefit from a remix or added instrumentation. A final recording session was booked, whereby Collins played the saxophone on "Side Door" and the track was remixed, and "Um & Aargh" was changed. A final session took place at Pye Studios on 11 January 1979 where Morris Pert added percussion to "Lucy Will" and "Nightmare".
Phillips wanted to name the album Balls in response to one comment that his songs "didn't have 'enough balls'", but was told that the title was "too eccentric", resulting in the change to Sides. This caused a problem with sleeve designer Peter Cross, his fourth cover for Phillips, as he had already completed the design.
Reception
Paul Stump, in his 1997 History of Progressive Rock, wrote that "the album is disappointing, lacking the sweep and confidence of contemporary pop urges manifesting themselves in the contemporary Genesis of And Then There Were Three."
Reissues
The album was first released on CD in 1990 by Virgin Records. This original CD release contained two extra tracks: "Souvenir" and an instrumental version of "Magdalen".
As part of Voiceprint's re-issuing campaign of Phillips's back catalogue, the album was re-issued in 2010 as an expanded 2 CD edition. The album was re-mastered from the original master tapes by Simon Heyworth and includes the non-album track "Souvenir" as an extra track on the first CD. This is in keeping with the track order of the original CD release. The second CD contains variations and alternate mixes of the songs from the album including some unique new mixes which have been made from the original multi-track masters especially for the release. The instrumental version of "Magdalen", which appeared as bonus track at the end of the original CD issue, has been moved to the second disc of this release. Also included is the edited single version of "Um & Aargh" which has not previously been available on CD. The second CD also contains two tracks originally intended for inclusion on the original album. "Catch You When You Fall" was recorded for the album but was left off because Phillips was unhappy with the lyrics. A rough mix was included on Archive Collection Volume One, the version included on the bonus CD is newly mixed from the 24-track master. "Before The Night" was left off the album in place of "Bleak House" as it was decided to include only one piano-based ballad.
On April 22, 2016, Esoteric Recordings (a Cherry Red Records label) released a 4-disc deluxe edition of the album. Disc 1 contains a 2016 stereo remix of the album. Disc 2 contains the bonus material (as on the 2010 release). Disc 3 contains a remastered version of the original stereo mix of the album. Disc 4 contains a 2016 5.1 surround sound mix of the album on a DVD. The deluxe edition also includes a poster and a 20-page booklet with photos and extensive liner notes.
Track listing
All songs and lyrics by Anthony Phillips except where indicated.
Personnel
Music
Anthony Phillips (aka "The Vicar" and "Vic Stench") – guitars, keyboards, lead vocals on "Um & Aargh", "Lucy Will", "Holy Deadlock" and "Magdalen", cellos on "Lucy Will", bass on "Bleak House"
Michael Giles – drums
John G. Perry – bass guitar
Dale Newman – lead vocals on "Bleak House" and "Magdalen"
Dan Owen – lead vocals on "Side Door", "I Want Your Love", "Souvenir" and "Magdalen"
Ray Cooper – percussion
Frank Ricotti – timpani
Morris Pert – monotroch, congas on "Lucy Will"
Mel Collins – tenor saxophone on "Side Door"
"Ralph Bernascone" – lead vocals on "Nightmare" (this is a joke credit as the song is instrumental)
Rupert Hine (aka "Humbert Ruse") – percussion on "Lucy Will", cor anglais on "Sisters of Remindum"
Production
Rupert Hine – production
Richard Austin – engineering at Essex Studios
Andy "Poppadom" Pierce – engineering assistance at Essex Studios
Nick Bradford – engineering at Matrix Studios
Jess "Herbie" Sutcliffe – engineering assistance
Steve Short – mixing at Trident Studios
Colin Green – mixing
John Brand – mixing
Mick Shilton-Poole – equipment
Peter Cross – artwork
Robert Ellis – inside cover photography
Hit & Run Music, Ltd. – management
Tony Smith – management
References
Sources
1979 albums
Anthony Phillips albums
Albums produced by Rupert Hine
Passport Records albums
Vertigo Records albums
Arista Records albums
Virgin Records albums
Voiceprint Records albums
Albums recorded at Trident Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sides%20%28album%29 |
The Pink Panther Show is a showcase of animated shorts produced by David H. DePatie and Friz Freleng between 1969 and 1978, starring the animated Pink Panther character from the opening credits of the live-action films. The series was produced by Mirisch Films and DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, and was broadcast Saturday mornings on two American television networks: from September 6, 1969, to September 2, 1978, on NBC; and from September 9, 1978, to August 30, 1980, on ABC.
History
Format
When The Pink Panther Show first aired in 1969, it consisted of one cartoon featuring The Inspector, sandwiched by two Pink Panther entries. Due to the number of shorts produced, two episodes feature a Pink Panther cartoon sandwiched by two Inspector entries. The 30-minute show was then connected via bumper sequences featuring both the panther and Inspector together, with announcer Marvin Miller acting as an off-camera narrator talking to the panther. Bumper sequences consisted of newly animated segments as well as recycled footage from existing cartoons We Give Pink Stamps, Reel Pink, Pink Outs and Super Pink, fitted with new incidental music and voice-over work from Miller.
Pink Panther shorts that were produced after 1969 (starting with A Fly in the Pink) were made for both broadcast and theatrical release, typically appearing on television first, and released to theaters by United Artists. A number of new series were created, including the very popular The Ant and the Aardvark, Tijuana Toads (a.k.a. Texas Toads), Hoot Kloot, Misterjaw, Roland and Rattfink, The Dogfather and two Tijuana Toads spinoffs: The Blue Racer and Crazylegs Crane. The New Pink Panther Show and later shows featured newly animated bumper segments involving the Panther, the Ant and the Aardvark, Misterjaw, and the Texas Toads.
By this time, due to the violent nature of some of the cartoons, they were re-edited for television by omitting the cartoon violent scenes from their broadcasts, in order to make them more family friendly.
In 1976, the half-hour series was revamped into a 90-minute format, as It's the All New Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show Introducing Misterjaw; this version included a live-action segment, where comedian Lenny Schultz would read letters and jokes from viewers. This version performed poorly and eventually reverted to the original 30-minute version in 1977 as Think Pink Panther.
After nine years on NBC, the Pink Panther moved to ABC in 1978 and was retitled The All New Pink Panther Show and Pink Panther Encore, where it lasted two seasons before leaving the network realm entirely. The tenth season featured 16 episodes with 32 new Pink Panther cartoons, and 16 featuring Crazylegs Crane: no bumpers were produced for The All New Pink Panther Show, but 10 second "Stay tuned..." bumpers explaining an upcoming entry were produced for the first several episodes. The 32 All New Pink Panther Show entries were eventually released to theaters by United Artists.
Theme music
Henry Mancini composed "The Pink Panther Theme" for the live action films, which would be used extensively in the cartoon series as well. Doug Goodwin composed the show's opening title music while William Lava and Walter Greene composed music scores heard throughout the cartoons, many of which were variations on Mancini's "Pink Panther Theme".
Laugh track
By the time of the show's 1969 debut, fitting cartoon and children's shows with a laugh track was standard practice. In keeping with this standard, NBC added a laugh track to all seasons of The Pink Panther Show, marking the first time in history that theatrical films were fitted with a laugh track for television broadcast (Season 2 utilized an inferior laugh track, utilizing isolated laugh clips from Season 1). This was an anomaly, as other theatrical cartoon series that were aired successfully on television (i.e. Tom and Jerry, Woody Woodpecker, Looney Tunes, Popeye) did not receive this addition.
The soundtracks were restored to their original theatrical form in 1982 when the DFE theatrical package went into syndication. Repackaging over the years has resulted in both theatrical and television versions of the entries being available. The exceptions were Misterjaw and Crazylegs Crane, which were produced specifically for television and never re-released theatrically, resulting in laughter-only versions. The U.S.-based Boomerang occasionally airs versions with the laugh track intact, though these versions are more commonly found outside of the U.S., such as on the BBC Two repeats circa 2011 in the United Kingdom, The Spanish language Boomerang requires that MGM supply them with laugh track-only versions of all shorts. The Portuguese language Boomerang, France-based Gulli, and Poland channels TV 4 and TV6 also broadcast certain entries utilizing laugh track versions.
Incarnations
Over its 10 years on various television networks, The Pink Panther Show had a variety of names:
The Pink Panther Show (1969–1970, also considered the umbrella title of the series)
The New Pink Panther Show (1971–1974)
The Pink Panther and Friends (1974–1976)
It's the All New Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show Introducing Misterjaw (1976–1977)
Think Pink Panther (1977–1978)
The All New Pink Panther Show (1978–1979)
Pink Panther Encore (1979–1980)
The Pink Panther Show (1980, Syndicated)
Syndication
United Artists Television syndicated The Pink Panther Show in 1980, complete with bumpers and laugh-tracked versions of the shorts. By 1982, MGM Television began syndicating some individual cartoons to local stations to air them as they saw fit. This format did not contain the series' bumpers nor the laugh track.
The following series were included in MGM Television's syndication package:
The Pink Panther
The Inspector
The Ant and the Aardvark
Tijuana Toads/Texas Toads
Misterjaw (made-for-television series)
The following series were not included in the MGM Television distribution package:
Roland and Rattfink
The Blue Racer
Hoot Kloot
The Dogfather
Crazylegs Crane (made-for-television series)
Most television stations aired the later package released in 1982, featuring the cartoon shorts by themselves, isolated from the show's original bumpers sequences. The laugh track was also silenced on all entries except for Misterjaw. Chicago-based WGN-TV was one of the few stations to air the 1980 The Pink Panther Show syndication package. Conversely, New York City-based WPIX featured a stripped-down version of the shorts, airing the entries without the laugh track, bumpers, or theatrical opening/closing credits.
Reruns
The Pink Panther Show (1969–1971) and The New Pink Panther Show (1971–1974) has been remastered in its original format. It was previously shown on BBC Two, UK Gold, BBC One, Boomerang (2000–2009) and Cartoon Network (1993–2002). In the late 2000s, it aired in Canada on Teletoon Retro weekday mornings at 8:00am. Teletoon Retro showed all 32 episodes of The Pink Panther Show with the panther and the Inspector, all 17 episodes of The New Pink Panther Show with the panther and the Ant and the Aardvark, and select episodes of the first syndicated Pink Panther Show series (only those episodes with the middle cartoon being an Ant and Aardvark). Teletoon Retro then showed all 16 episodes of The All New Pink Panther Show, with the panther and Crazylegs Crane. The laugh track is muted for most entries.
The episodes shown on Teletoon Retro also featured remastered versions, while the wrap-around content was in rougher condition. The Inspector cartoon, Tour de Farce, had the wrong title card, that for Reaux, Reaux, Reaux Your Boat.
Cartoon Network reran The Pink Panther Show from 1997 to 1999, and intermittently in 2006, 2009, and 2012. A "no-frills" version aired on Boomerang five days a week at 5:30am, 10am and 2:30pm; the Boomerang version included four shorts and no bumpers, in the style of its other theatrical-short compilation shows. Until August 2009, Boomerang only featured shorts from The Pink Panther, The Ant and the Aardvark and The Inspector. The laugh track was present on several entries. Currently, the show remains intact on the Spanish Language Boomerang TV channel with most entries containing their original laugh track. The Pink Panther show aired on Boomerang from 2000 to 2012, and was available on the video on demand network Anime Network from 2012 to 2016.
In the Arab world, it was shown on Spacetoon from 2014 to 2017, due to Spacetoon airing The Pink Panther and low reception from Spacetoon viewers.
The show also previously aired in its original format on This TV on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8:30am Eastern Time or 7:30 am Central Time (as part of its Cookie Jar Toons programming block) until September 22, 2011. The digital broadcast network Light TV ran the series when the network launched Christmas weekend 2016 until September 29, 2019. On June 1, 2020 to May 29, 2022, the show aired for the first time in Spanish on Galavisión, known as El show de la Pantera Rosa.
From May of 2021 to May of 2023, MeTV rerunned the show under the name Pink Panther's Party, during their Saturday morning block, Saturday Morning Cartoons, from 7:30 am to 8:00 am ET/ 6:30 to 7:00 am CT following Popeye and Pals, which currently aired from 7:00 am to 7:30 am ET/ 6:00 am to 6:30 am CT. The show is collectively called Popeye and Pink Panther's Party, combining Popeye and Pals and Pink Panther's Party into a single show. However, the channel lost the rights to air the non-WB DePatie-Freleng cartoons, which caused Popeye And Pink Panther's Party to be reverted back to Popeye and Pals, which currently only airs Popeye shorts.
Amazon Prime carries The New Pink Panther Show episodes (As of 2023) for free for Prime members.
Cast
Rich Little as Pink Panther
Daws Butler as Pug, Louie
John Byner as Charlie Ant, Blue Aardvark
Larry D. Mann as Blue Racer, Crazylegs Crane
Frank Welker as Crazylegs Crane Jr., Dragonfly
Paul Frees as Narrator, Texan hunter, The Commissioner
Don Diamond as Toro
Tom Holland as Pancho
Pat Harrington, Jr. as The Inspector, Sergeant Deux-Deux
Bob Holt as Hoot Kloot, Hoot Kloot's Horse, Dogfather
Arte Johnson as Misterjaw
Bob Ogle as Harry Halibut
Arnold Stang as Catfish
Lennie Weinrib as Roland, Rattfink, Scotland Yard Captain
Paul Winchell as Fearless Freddy
Don Messick as Sergeant Deux-Deux
Marvin Miller (actor) as Narrator, The Commissioner, The Inspector, Sergeant Deux-Deux
Larry Storch as The Commissioner
Mark Skor as The Commissioner
Mel Blanc as Drunk, Drunk's wife
Diana Maddox as Commissioner's wife
Series overview
The Pink Panther Show (1969–1970)
The first season of The Pink Panther Show (1969–1970) consisted of one The Inspector entry sandwiched by two Pink Panther entries. The show was "hosted" by The Pink Panther and The Inspector, seen during the opening sequence, which showed a boy driving the Panthermobile from the countryside to Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. During the journey, images of animals mentioned in the song (rhinoceros, tiger, cats, American mink) are seen alongside clips of the panther from Reel Pink, Come On In! The Water's Pink and Put Put Pink. Upon arrival, the Pink Panther and the Inspector then disembark from the Panthermobile and enter the famous theatre. In the ending credits, the Inspector climbs back into the Panthermobile, but leaves the Pink Panther behind, who is seen chasing after the car.
The entries utilized for the second season featured complete original theatrical titles. With only two exceptions, the first and third cartoons of each episode were Pink Panthers, and second was an Inspector. In the two exceptions, the first and third cartoons were Inspectors, and the middle one was a Pink Panther. Unlike Season 1, a full laugh track wasn't used but rather an abridged version using isolated laughs from Season 1 edited onto the soundtrack by DFE (these inferior versions currently in circulation are marked with †). Seasons 1 and 2 were repackaged as a single Season 1 in the 2000s.
Season 1 (1969–1970)
Season 2 (1970–1971)
The New Pink Panther Show (1971–1974)
The New Pink Panther Show (1971–1974) featured a new opening and closing sequence and theme song, pitting the attention-seeking Aardvark against the panther. The show's new title song, "Pantherly Pride", was written by Doug Goodwin and played over the opening sequence.
This incarnation aired The Ant and the Aardvark during the 1971–1972 season. Later seasons swapped The Ant and the Aardvark with theatrical series' Roland and Rattfink, Hoot Kloot or The Blue Racer, as well as reruns of The Inspector. Only eight new Pink Panther cartoons were produced over this three-year period (highlighted).
The Pink Panther and Friends (1974–1976)
The Pink Panther and Friends (1974–1976) followed the same format as The New Pink Panther Show. The first Pink Panther entry was a new episode, while the second was a rebroadcast of an old entry. Bumpers featuring The Inspector and The Ant and the Aardvark connected the three entries. New series The Dogfather (originally produced for theatrical release) was also added to broadcasts, in addition to The Blue Racer or Hoot Kloot.
The Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show (1976–1977)
The Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show was an attempt by DFE to revamp the traditional format of three entries airing in a 30-minute format. The show was expanded to 90 minutes, and included a live-action segment featuring comedian Lenny Schultz reading letters and jokes from viewers. The show also featured two new made-for-television series, a first for the franchise: the Texas Toads (a redubbed version of the theatrical Tijuana Toads series), and Misterjaw. New bumper sequences featuring both the Texas Toads and Misterjaw were created for the series. These new entries were aired in combination with rebroadcasts of The Pink Panther, The Inspector and The Ant and the Aardvark.
The Pink Panther Laugh-and-a-Half Hour-and-a-Half Show did not do well in the ratings, so it lasted only one season.
Think Pink Panther (1977–1978)
The final series broadcast on NBC, Think Pink Panther reverted to the traditional 30-minute format and consisted of rebroadcasts. No new cartoons were created for this show. The layout of the closing credits was based on The New Pink Panther Show.
The All New Pink Panther Show (1978)
The All New Pink Panther Show (1978) was a new version of the series commenced after NBC's broadcast of the series ended its nine-year run. For its tenth season, ABC picked up the series and requested 32 new made-for-television Pink Panther shorts, along with 16 entries for the new Crazylegs Crane segment. A disco-flavored rendition of Henry Mancini's "Pink Panther Theme" was used for the opening and closing credits, with the closing credits featuring Pink Panther disco-dancing. "Stay Tuned" bumpers were produced for seven episodes as well.
Pink Panther Encore (1979–1980)
For its 11th and final season, DFE repackaged pre-1978 entries for a total of 52 episodes. No new cartoons were created for this show.
The Pink Panther Show (1980, syndicated)
United Artists Television syndicated a weekday 30-minute Pink Panther show in 1980, complete with bumpers and laugh-tracked versions of the shorts. A new opening sequence preceding the show featured Henry Mancini's "Pink Panther Theme" played under a segment from Pink Outs featuring the Pink Panther folding the backdrop into a square to be eaten. The closer featured the last few seconds of the theme played under a scene from Reel Pink featuring the panther water skiing.
UATV created two versions of the syndication package. The first consisted of The Pink Panther, Inspector, The Ant and the Aardvark and Texas Toads entries sourced from film elements utilized during the program's original network run.
The second version consisted of The Pink Panther, The Ant and the Aardvark and Misterjaw entries sourced from new prints of the original film negatives and transferred to videotape, resulting in sharper images. As The Pink Panther and The Ant and the Aardvark entries were sourced using theatrical prints (sans laugh track), a new, less invasive laugh track being employed on sitcoms at the time was added to the soundtrack for consistency to match the made-for-television Misterjaw entries and bumper sequences that retained their respective laugh-tracked soundtracks.
The second version also incorporated several of the made-for-television Pink Panther entries from The All New Pink Panther Show. Pre-1978 Pink Panther and Ant and the Aardvark entries featured shorter opening titles with introduction music from either The New Pink Panther Show (1971–1974) or The All New Pink Panther Show (1978–1979). Closing credits featuring the Pink Panther disco dancing from The All New Pink Panther Show closed out the episodes.
Version 1
Version 2
Spanish versions
Other versions of The Pink Panther Show have been seen and aired only in Spanish.
German version
The German version of the show, Der rosarote Panther - Zu Gast bei Paulchens Trickverwandten (The Pink Panther - Being a Guest of the Pink Panther's Cartoon-relatives) which started airing on ZDF in 1973 contains four cartoons per episode. The first cartoon is always a Pink Panther entry, the second one is an Inspector short, followed by another Pink Panther cartoon, and usually ending with an Ant and the Aardvark short. However, cartoons from UPA's 1956 The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show are added into the mix starting with episode 12, making the show's format rather messy compared to its other incarnations. Several episodes start off with a Pink Panther cartoon, followed by a longer UPA cartoon, and end with another Pink Panther short. Others replace the second Pink Panther entry with a UPA cartoon, and some feature two or three UPA cartoons cut together as one 'proper' segment. Bumpers are featured in this series, but only in the first 42 episodes. All cartoons have their opening and ending titles removed; when a cartoon ends, it immediately fades into a bumper and once the bumper ends, the next cartoon starts playing with no title card or credits.
When The All New Pink Panther Show was acquired by ZDF in 1980, they edited it to fit this format as well. Some episodes start out with one Pink Panther short, followed by a Crazylegs Crane cartoon, a second Pink Panther short, and ending with another Crazylegs Crane cartoon. Others start with two Pink Panther cartoons, followed by a Crazylegs Crane entry, and ending with a third Pink Panther short. The cartoons Yankee Doodle Pink, Pet Pink Pebbles, and The Pink of Bagdad are skipped due to being reissues of previous shorts.
This incarnation of the show contains no laugh track on any of the series featured. The Pink Panther is given a name, Paulchen Panther (Paul or Little Paul the Panther), and the cartoons featuring him are given rhymed narration written by Eberhard Storeck and spoken by voice actor Gert Günther Hoffmann. A new intro and outro theme, Wer hat an der Uhr gedreht?, was composed by Fred Strittmatter and Quirin Amper Jr., with new one-minute-long intro and outro sequences being cut together from existing pieces of animation.
While most episodes are 24 or 25 minutes in length, the ones that premiered on ZDF in 1978 feature only two Pink Panther cartoons with the intro and outro sequences being only 20 seconds long each, making them only 11 minutes long. Three 23-minute-long specials, A Pink Christmas, Olym-Pinks, and Pink at First Sight were also aired under this show.
See also
List of The Pink Panther cartoons
Laugh track
References
External links
Charles Brubaker's DePatie-Freleng Website
1969 American television series debuts
1980 American television series endings
1960s American animated television series
1970s American animated television series
1980s American animated television series
1960s American anthology television series
1970s American anthology television series
1980s American anthology television series
American children's animated anthology television series
American children's animated comedy television series
American television series with live action and animation
Animated television series about mammals
English-language television shows
Television series by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
Television series by United Artists Television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pink%20Panther%20Show |
John Moore (born 1 January 1970) is an Irish film director and producer whose credits include the action war film Behind Enemy Lines and A Good Day to Die Hard.
Early life and education
Moore was born in Dundalk, Ireland, and attended Rathmines College of Commerce, where he attained a degree in Media Arts. Upon completing his course, Moore genuinely believed that he wouldn't go on to work within the medium of film, but after a few years, that promptly changed.
Career
After graduating, he wrote and directed a series of short films in Ireland. Several of these shorts have featured on Irish TV networks over the years, and along the way Moore founded an Irish-based production company called Clingfilms. He then went on to direct several commercials, including the launch advertisement for Dreamcast, which 20th Century Fox found so impressive they gave him the $17 million (BTL) budget for Behind Enemy Lines.
To date, Moore has made five films for 20th Century Fox: Behind Enemy Lines (2001), Flight of the Phoenix (2004), The Omen (2006), Max Payne (2008) and A Good Day to Die Hard (2013). Despite receiving mixed reviews, both Behind Enemy Lines and The Omen did well at the box office. Flight of the Phoenix, received mainly negative reviews and grossed just under $35 million worldwide, much less than the film's budget. The behind the scenes documentary on the DVD shows him at multiple points berating crew on set. Max Payne also receiving mainly negative reviews, but became a box office success, grossing $85 million on a $35 million budget. A Good Day to Die Hard has also received mostly negative reviews, but grossed $304 million on a $92 million budget, making it his highest-grossing film.
In September 2008, Moore was involved in a dispute with the MPAA over the certification of his film Max Payne. The MPAA initially gave the film an R rating, which Moore argued against. The film was reedited and the rating was a month later changed to PG-13, just before theatrical distribution.
Moore was also considered to direct X-Men: The Last Stand as well as Friday the 13th.
In 2007 Moore obtained the rights to direct an adaptation of The Book of Lost Things through his Point Road production company. The rights have since lapsed.
Personal life
Moore's partner is Fiona Connon, a makeup artist whom he met through an industry friend early in his career in Ireland. They have one child, Buzz. The family reside in the US, and occasionally visit Ireland. In 2015 Moore expressed a desire to return home, but the nature of his work in Hollywood rendered it impractical.
Moore told the BBC in September 2004 that he firmly professes a belief in God. When asked if he was either religious or spiritual, Moore replied:
In 2013 Moore opened up about his struggles with alcohol. He has been sober since 2008, following what he describes as an intense period of drinking upon finishing promotional duties for Max Payne.
Critical evaluation
Despite his films receiving mixed reviews from critics, for the most part Moore's films have proved popular with audiences. Critic Armond White has described Moore as "a Peckinpah-esque, neo-Eisenstein stylist whose grade-B material (Behind Enemy Lines, Flight of the Phoenix, The Omen) has kept him from receiving the acclaim he deserves". In his review of Max Payne, White had stated that Moore "explores genuine, contemporary anxiety [and that] his images are richer than his plots".
Daniel M. Kimmel, writing for the New England Movies Weekly, found Moore's film A Good Day to Die Hard to be better than Live Free or Die Hard and states that the car chase scene "is well worth the price of admission". With a 3.5/5 rating, Kimmel summed up his review saying, "it's probably a good day to end the series at last, but it's an action-packed and entertaining finale." Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail criticized the action scenes as being "messy", but concluded his review saying that the film "continues the franchise without undue embarrassment."
Filmography
Short films
Feature films
References
External links
1970 births
Irish film directors
Irish film producers
Living people
People from Dundalk
Action film directors
Alumni of Dublin Institute of Technology
Irish expatriates in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Moore%20%28director%29 |
Founded in 1891, Livermore Union High School is a public high school located in the city of Livermore, California, United States. It is part of the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District. In 2007, it was chosen as one in four schools in Alameda County to receive the California Distinguished School award.
Academics
Livermore High School is home to the LHS Green Engineering Academy, a program to promote engineering through hands-on learning activities and applications of engineering to all areas of the students academics. GEA is open to 60 students per year. In October 2012, GEA won the Golden Bell Award for outstanding academic programs in a California classroom. The GEA gained further success and publicity through students' audits of Bay Area schools, being featured on ABC 7 News, CBS 5 News, and KQED 88.5 FM radio, The Alameda County Office of Education and PG&E.
Advanced Placement courses offered include English Language and Composition, English Literature and Composition, French Language, Spanish Language, Studio Art (2-D, 3-D, and Drawing), Psychology, Chemistry, Calculus AB and BC, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Biology, United States History, World History, and Computer Science.
Livermore High School is also a member of the Tri-Valley Regional Occupation Program (ROP), hosting numerous ROP classes such as Auto Body, Environmental Science, Criminal Justice, Developmental Psychology of Children, and Marketing.
Athletics
Under Livermore cross country coach Ed Salazar, the cross country team set a NCS record with seven straight section titles from 1990-1996. During this period Micheil Jones (1994) and Joe Smith (1995) won individual state cross country titles.
Under coach Nick Winter, the cross-country team won two consecutive NCS Meet of Champions titles in 1981 and 1982.
The Livermore lacrosse team was created in 2006. At the end of the 2008 season, four team members were named East Bay Athletic League Honorable Mention players.
Campus
A new 49,000-square foot gymnasium facility was completed in June 2022. The building contains a main gym, wrestling room, and dance studio. Construction was completed ahead of schedule due to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A new aquatics facility is under construction.
LHS PTSA
The Livermore High School PTSA, or parent-teacher association, was chartered in 2011. Its website is here. The group's purpose is to support staff, academics, and student life at LHS.
Notable alumni
Mikkel Aaland: photographer
Troy Dayak: professional soccer player with the San Jose Earthquakes
Delbert Gee: Alameda County Superior Court Judge
Duane Glinton: professional soccer player
Gavin Glinton: professional soccer player
J. R. Graham: professional baseball player
Randy Johnson (Class of 1982), Major League Baseball pitcher (1988–2009) for Montreal Expos, Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees, and San Francisco Giants; inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 26, 2015
Danny Payne: professional soccer player
Marcus Peters: professional football player (attended, but did not graduate)
Bryan Shaw (Class of 2005): Major League Baseball pitcher (2011–present) for Arizona Diamondbacks, Cleveland Indians, and Colorado Rockies
Alfredo Véa Jr.: lawyer and novelist.
Alex Trudeau Viriato: Emmy Award Winning Film Producer
References
External links
Livermore High School website
Livermore High School PTSA
Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District website
High schools in Alameda County, California
Educational institutions established in 1891
Livermore, California
Public high schools in California
1891 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermore%20High%20School |
Radhika Sarathkumar () is an Indian actress, director, producer and politician who works predominantly in Tamil and Telugu cinema, TV serials and web series as well as Hindi, Malayalam and Kannada films.
Personal life
Radhika is the daughter of the late actor M. R. Radha and Geetha who is a Sri Lankan Tamil. According to Radhika, her father is Telugu and traces his roots back to Tirupati. Radhika did her education in India, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. She has a younger sister Nirosha, who is also an actress, and two younger brothers, Raju and Mohan. She also has an older half-brother Radha Ravi.
Radhika married actor Sarathkumar on 4 February 2001. They had been friends before their marriage and had been paired in two films: Namma Annachi (1994) and Suryavamsam (1997). The couple has a son named Rahhul born in 2004.
Her daughter Rayane Hardy married cricketer Abhimanyu Mithun in 2016. Radhika became a grandmother in 2018 when Rayane had a son.
Film career
She made her cinematic debut in the 1978 Tamil movie Kizhakke Pogum Rail. Thereafter, she acted in several Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi and Malayalam films.
She has also produced a film titled Meendum Oru Kaathal Kathai (1985), which won the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director.
She was awarded Best Telugu Actress for Nyayam Kavali (1981), Best Tamil Actress for Dharma Devathai (1986), Neethikku Thandanai (1987) and Keladi Kanmani (1990).
After becoming successful in cinema, Radhika wanted to do something different and decided to take on the small screen, a venture that everyone thought was a mistake she would regret. But determined to pursue something she believed in, namely producing her own TV software, she started the same under Radaan Mediaworks in 1994. After some initial hiccups, the company re-emerged successfully as a publicly listed company Radaan Mediaworks (I) Ltd in 1999.
She was a judge on Vijay TV's Jodi Number One Season 4.
She produced serials such as Idi Katha Kadu (Telugu), Chitti, Annamalai, Selvi, Arasi, Chellamay, Vani Rani, Thamarai and Chithi 2.
In September 2019, she was awarded as "Nadigavel Selvi" during audio launch of Market Raja MBBS.
She has won 1 National Film Awards (Producer), 6 Filmfare Awards Souths, 3 Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, 1 Cinema Express Awards and 1 Nandi Awards.
Political career
She joined before the 2006 Assembly elections to join the AIADMK along with her husband R. Sarathkumar. On 18 October 2006, she was dismissed from AIADMK for anti-party activities. She was the vice president of All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi from 2007.
Awards and nominations
Filmography
References
External links
Living people
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Telugu television
Filmfare Awards South winners
Indian film actresses
Indian television actresses
Nandi Award winners
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Chennai
Tamil film producers
Telugu film producers
Indian women film producers
Film producers from Chennai
Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian businesswomen
20th-century Indian businesspeople
21st-century Indian businesswomen
21st-century Indian businesspeople
Producers who won the Best Debut Feature Film of a Director National Film Award
Actresses in Tamil television
Place of birth missing (living people)
1963 births
Indian people of Sri Lankan descent
Tamil television producers
Tamil people
Telugu people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhika%20Sarathkumar |
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