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The Great Dorset Steam Fair (abbreviated GDSF, and since 2010 also known as The National Heritage Show) is an annual show featuring steam-powered vehicles and machinery. It now covers and runs for five days. This used to be from the Wednesday after the UK August bank holiday, but from 2016 has been from the Thursday before the Bank Holiday until the Bank Holiday itself. It is reputedly the largest collection of steam and vintage equipment to be seen anywhere in the world.
The fair was founded by the Dorset Steam & Historic Vehicle Club, and has been held in Dorset, England, every summer since 1969. The show is now organised by Michael Oliver's son, Martin Oliver, through Great Dorset Steam Fair Ltd.
History
Following a meeting of like-minded souls held in The Royal Oak in Okeford Fitzpaine, north Dorset, the first fair was held in 1969. For the first 15 years of its existence the steam fair (then known as the 'Great Working of Steam Engines') was held at Stourpaine Bushes, then in 1985 it temporarily moved to nearby Everley Hill, as Bushes Farm were delayed in harvesting the crops from the fields used by the steam fair due to the weather conditions. In 1988, after three years at Everley Hill, where access by large crowds was difficult, it moved to its current permanent home at Tarrant Hinton, north of Blandford Forum, where access is vastly improved. The fair now attracts up to 200,000 visitors. In 2020, the event was cancelled for the first time since its inception due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Exhibits
The most numerous exhibits are traction engines, tractors and farm machinery, but there are also sections for classic cars and commercial vehicles, working shire horses, rustic crafts, 'bygones' displays, and more. The show also has a market, autojumble, live music and funfair (some of which is powered by the steam engines). The funfair has traditional rides such as gallopers and steam boats, as well as modern ones like the "World Fair Wheel" which was sited in Manchester for the millennium. It is the biggest gathering of fairground organs in the UK.
The show regularly attracts around 200,000 visitors, and there can be 30,000 people on site, making the fair the fifth largest population centre in Dorset, after Bournemouth, Poole, Weymouth and Christchurch (the population of the historic town of Dorchester being only half that number).
A speciality of the show is the display of traction engines and steam rollers performing the work for which they were designed. Such displays include heavy haulage, threshing, sawing logs, ploughing and road-making. The main arena of the show is purposely sited on the slope of a hill to allow both steam- and internal combustion-powered machinery to demonstrate their capacity for heavy load hauling. One of the main displays is the "Showman's Line up", in the vintage fairground section, which is thought to be the largest collection of showman's engines in the world. More than 60 showman's engines were present in 2004.
Since 2003, the show has contracted its own radio station, Steam Fair FM, broadcasting 24 hours daily on 87.9 FM from the Sunday prior to the show, to the Tuesday following – ten days in all. The station, which is also streamed on the internet, covers show news and views, weather and other relevant information with plenty of listener dedications and a format of "Vintage Hits". During the event, the station is advertised on roads in the surrounding area and provides traffic news for drivers using the A354 Blandford to Salisbury road that passes the show site.
For the 40th anniversary, in 2008, the organisers recreated the very first fair, by tracing all of the exhibits that were displayed at the 1969 show.
Directors' Thanksgiving Service
The end of the fair used to be marked with the Director's Thanksgiving Service on the Sunday, at 12 noon, which took place on the stage of Dean's Bioscope, organised for many years by Chris Edmonds, the Lay Chaplain until his death in 2007. The Rev'd Dr Michael Foster, a friend of Chris, and the local Rector of Tarrant Hinton, continued to organise the Thanksgiving Service, with Sally, Chris' widow. Fr Michael was appointed Chaplain to the Show at the Thanksgiving Service September 2011, having been Assistant Chaplain for some four years. It was Fr Michael who conducted the founder of the Fair, Michael Oliver's Funeral in 2009. The Directors' Thanksgiving Service is now organised to begin the Show, on the opening Wednesday, as was the practice in some past years.
Dorset Sound Festival
2008 saw the start of the Dorset Sound Festival, a music event that is held alongside the main fair, designed to entertain a wide variety of musical tastes. The festival included five stages: the Main Stage, Real Ale Stage, Folk Stage, Country & Western Marquee and the Black Bull Marquee. Bands featured were mainly tribute acts, including the Bootleg Beatles.
In 2009, the Main Stage was changed from being inside a marquee to an outdoor concert stage. This required a concert ticket to be purchased unlike the other marquees that are free to visitors of the fair. 2009 saw the start of a new event called Steam Sounds that showcases unsigned artists from around the local area on the outdoor stage. The Main Stage is now free to all and does not require a ticket for entry as of 2014
World Records
On 31 August 2013, GDSF set a new World Record for the largest parade of steam rollers, when 103 rollers were driven into the main arena for a photo call. The previous record had been set by GDSF in 2003 with 32 steam rollers. The requirements for the record attempt, which took place on a newly created 80m-long (260 ft) section of road at the showground, included the fact the vehicles had to be moving. The citation from Guinness World Records is as follows:
A regular section of the fair is the road making demonstration, where workers in period costume use vintage equipment to demonstrate how roads were built before the invention of tarmacadam, using crushed stone. An extra section of road was built during the 2013 show, for the purpose of breaking the record: "greatest number of steam rollers going over a newly laid piece of road". The 103 steam rollers, and a large number of diesel rollers, were all driven over the new section of road before continuing to the main arena. "Lord Jellicoe", a Fowler formerly owned by the founder of the fair, Michael Oliver, was the 33rd roller in the procession and hence the first to break the record. Also taking part in the parade was "Betsy", the Aveling & Porter roller restored by steeplejack, Fred Dibnah.
The 2001 event also saw the public debut of the home-built Hudspith Steam Bicycle.
Founding Members
Michael Oliver was not the sole founder of the Great Dorset Steam Fair, and was a member of a dedicated group of enthusiasts.
The list is as follows;
President; Mr G. J. Romanes, M.A, M.R.C.S, D.O.M.S.
Vice President; Mr E.C. Hines.
Chairman; Mr J. E. B. Pocock
Vice Chairman; Mr M. F. Oliver
Treasurer; Mr N. J. Fincham
Public relations officer; Mr A. Imber.
Joint secretaries; Mr & Mrs J. Cluet.
Sub committee for the event;
T. M. Abbot, J. Antell, A. S. Braddick, J. Cluet, A. W. Field, G. A. Fincham, N. J. Fincham. F. Franklin, S. J. Garrett, H. Gray, E. C. Hine, A. Imber, G. J. Romanes.
Secretary M. F. Oliver.
This list has been taken from the Souvenir Program and guide from the first very first show dated September 1969.
See also
List of steam fairs
Steam Era
References
External links
Official website
Music Festival
BBC Dorset 2008 report
BBC Dorset report on 37th Fair (2005)
Recurring events established in 1968
Festivals in Dorset
Steam festivals
September events
Autumn events in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Dorset%20Steam%20Fair |
Decatur High School is a public high school in Decatur, Alabama, United States. It is one of two high schools in the Decatur City School District. Decatur High offers technical, academic, and Advanced Placement (AP) programs, as well as dual enrollment with the John C. Calhoun Community College System.
Decatur High, along with southwestern Decatur's Austin High School, were the first International Baccalaureate schools in Alabama north of Birmingham. Starting in the 2017-2018 school year, Decatur High will no longer continue the IB program.
In 2018, the Decatur City Schools, in a massive realignment of school districting, opened a new DHS campus across Somerville Road Southeast from its location of several decades on Prospect Drive. The new Decatur High was built on the site of the former Somerville Road Elementary School, whose students were eventually moved to the old Oak Park Middle School (subsequently renamed Oak Park Elementary). Students who formerly attended Oak Park Middle were moved into the old DHS campus, which was renovated and renamed Decatur Middle. A similar process occurred with schools on Decatur's western side at the same time.
Athletics
Decatur High's football and soccer programs play at the 9,000-seat Ogle Stadium at the southern end of the former Decatur High campus, also located near Decatur Morgan Hospital. The stadium, owned by the school system, is named for Alabama Sports Hall of Famer and former Decatur High coach H. L. "Shorty" Ogle, who led the Red Raiders from 1933 to 1963. The high school's sports teams often use the field for practice.
Prior to 1949, the Decatur football team played at the 3,000-person capacity Benson Field, now a part of Rhodes Ferry Park along the shores of the Tennessee River, located next to the now-closed Riverview High School, Decatur High's predecessor.
Prior to 2018, when Austin High School relocated and got a stadium of its own (at the same time of Decatur High's physical relocation across Somerville Road), both of the high schools in Decatur played their home games in the stadium, with their schedules arranged accordingly; occasionally, that meant that one of the teams had to play a home game on a Thursday night, instead of Friday as is customary in Alabama high school athletics. The one exception was the Decatur-Austin game. In that case, one team occupied the away side while the other manned the home side. The schools alternated hosting each year, despite the game occurring on Decatur High property, akin to the practice of Alabama and Auburn college football in the years when the "Iron Bowl" was held at Legion Field in Birmingham. This football game usually sold out the stadium, and brought in crowds of over 10,000, in a city of perhaps 40,000 to 50,000 population, to watch the intra-city rivalry.
Football
Decatur High has produced many players that went on to play at the collegiate and professional levels, including Jerraud Powers and Rolando McClain.
Other long-tenured Red Raider coaches, other than Ogle, are Earl Webb and Steve Rivers, father of famed NFL quarterback Philip Rivers. However, the younger Rivers played his high school ball at Athens High School in nearby Athens, Alabama, where his father was coaching at the time. As of 2021, Jere Adcock, Steve Rivers' successor, is the current head coach at DHS.
The Decatur High School Football Team won the 1971 State 4A Football Championship under the leadership of Coach Earl Webb and coaches Wally Burnham, Paul Glover and Jimmy Holley. (Alabama High School Football Historical Society)
Basketball
Decatur High School has won one boys' state championship under coach Earl Morris and five girls' state championships under coach Mike Smith. The 1948 basketball team was the first Decatur High team to go to the state tournament; however, it did not win the county tournament.
Soccer
The Decatur High School girls' soccer team defeated Briarwood Christian of Birmingham in the class 5A Alabama State Championship game on May 10, 2008.
Visual arts
Decatur High School's Visual Arts department offers a wide range of art courses that include Drawing and Painting (Art I – IB/AP Studio Art), Ceramics, Graphic Design, and Photography. A scaffolded curriculum is in place to prepare students for portfolio coursework in IB (International Baccalaureate) Visual Art or AP Studio Art classes. In addition to ongoing competition exhibitions, student work is exhibited throughout the year at Decatur Morgan Hospital, in the fall at the All City Music and Art Festival, and at Decatur High during its spring art exhibit.
Students in the IB and AP Art courses have scored above the world average for the past two years.
Students who excel in the visual arts at Decatur High School and who exhibit exemplary character and meet academic requirements are invited to join the National Art Honor Society (NAHS). NAHS was created by the National Art Education Association for the purpose of inspiring and recognizing those students who have shown an outstanding ability in art. NAHS members at Decatur High School complete art-related service hours for the Carnegie Visual Arts Center and to create ceramic bowls to raise money for North Alabama food pantries.
Decatur High School students participate annually in various city, state, and national competitions. In 2011−12 students placed 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place in the citywide PTA Reflections competition. A DHS senior was awarded a regional Gold Key in the prestigious Scholastic Art and Writing Award competition, a regional Blue Ribbon in the district 5 VAA competition, and also earned one of three portfolio scholarships in the Alabama State Council on the Arts Visual Arts Achievement Program that are annually adjudicated by college professionals from the Southeast according to AP College Board guidelines.
The Decatur High School art department actively promotes the success of its students through participation in state and nationally-recognized competitions and assists students in applications for portfolio and academic merit scholarships. During the 2011–12 school year, students received over $140,000 in visual art scholarships.
Band
The Decatur High School's Chorus and Concert Bands have consistently received superior ratings in both district and state festivals.
Decatur High has the longest string of District Festival Superior Ratings in Alabama, dating back to the festival's formation in 1947, never receiving anything less than a superior rating.
Decatur High also continues to lead in total number of Alabama Bandmasters State Festival Superior Ratings at 58, more than any other high school in state history.
The Decatur Red Raider Marching Band won the Tennessee Valley Invitational at Muscle Shoals High School in Muscle Shoals, Alabama in 2006. Since then, the band has won its class twice at the Vanderbilt Marching Invitational. During its undefeated 2010 season, the Red Raider Marching Band became the first ever band from the state of Alabama to win a class at the prestigious Contest of Champions in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The Contest of Champions is the oldest marching contest in America, with 49 straight years of competition. In 2013, the band once again won the Tennessee Valley Invitational.
Notable alumni
Paul T. Entrekin, aviator
Alan Koch, Major League Baseball player
Tae Hayes, NFL player
Rolando McClain, NFL linebacker for the Dallas Cowboys
Jerraud Powers, cornerback for the Arizona Cardinals
Don Whitmire, member of the College Football Hall of Fame
Philip Rivers, former NFL quarterback for the Los Angeles Chargers
See also
Decatur City Schools
Decatur, Alabama
References
External links
Education in Morgan County, Alabama
Public high schools in Alabama
International Baccalaureate schools in Alabama
Educational institutions established in 1950
Schools in Morgan County, Alabama
1950 establishments in Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decatur%20High%20School%20%28Alabama%29 |
Anenzephalia is the pen name of noise musician B. Moloch, who is occasionally joined by Wilhelm Herich of Genocide Organ. Anenzephalia was one of the first projects to record for the Tesco Organisation label.
Partial discography
Lyse 7" (Tesco Organisation, 1993)
Fragments of Demise LP (RRRecords, 1993)
Ephemeral Dawn CD (Tesco Organisation, 1995, reissued in 2007)
New World Disorder EP (Tesco Organisation, 1998)
Anenzephalia CD (Death Factory, 2001)
Die Sender Müssen Schweigen 10" (Power & Steel, 2002)
Noehaem LP/CD (Tesco Organisation / Zaetraom, 2003)
Untitled split CD with Operation Cleansweep and Inade (Teito Sound Company, 2007)
Projected void 7" (Tesco Organisation / Zaetraom, 2008)
Kaltwelt LP/CD (Tesco Organisation / Zaetraom, 2012)
References
Noise musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Power electronics musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anenzephalia |
The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II. Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser (1882–1967), who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping.
Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond, California, and were called the Richmond Shipyards. Three other shipyards were located in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia and Willamette rivers: the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and the Swan Island Shipyard in Portland, Oregon, and the Vancouver Shipyard in Vancouver, Washington.
Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of shipbuilding, which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships, 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction. Kaiser's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards. Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks, and one in less than five days.
Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war. The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25, 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Richmond.
History
Henry Kaiser had been building cargo ships for the Maritime Commission in the 1930s, partnering with Todd Pacific Shipyards and the Bath Iron Works. When orders for ships from the British government, already at war with Germany, allowed for growth, Kaiser established his first Richmond shipyard begun in December 1940.
In April 1941 the Maritime Commission requested an additional Kaiser yard, to be used for Liberty ship construction, and after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kaiser started third and fourth yards, building troop transports and tank landing ships (LSTs), respectively. His son, Edgar Kaiser, Sr, was appointed Vice-President and General Manager of the shipyards.
Together, these four Kaiser Shipyards produced 747 ships, including many of the famous Liberty ships and Victory shipsfor carrying general cargo and military munitions, armaments and supplies, more than any other complex in the United States. Only one of these ships, , survives. Two other Liberty ships built in other American yards also exist as working museum exhibits: moored in San Francisco and in Baltimore. An additional Victory cargo ship also survives: .
Through 1943 The Kaiser shipyards produced s. While promising 16 carriers by 1944, Kaiser encouraged employees to go above and beyond and make 18 instead, with the slogan "18 or more by 44".
Other details
Kaiser set several records:
The Liberty ship SS Robert E. Peary was assembled in less than five days as a part of a special competition among shipyards.
At the Oregon Shipbuilding Yard on the Columbia River, near Portland, the Victory ship SS Joseph N. Teal was built in ten days in fall 1942.
The Oregon Shipbuilding Yards were responsible for 455 ships.
Kaiser recruited from across the United States to work in his yards, hiring women and minorities.
Fields Point in Providence, Rhode Island, had a shipyard run as the Walsh-Kaiser Company after former management (Rheem) ran into difficulties. The shipyard was closed and sold after the war. A Swedish shipowner dismantled the shipyard and later erected it in the city of Uddevalla on the west coast of Sweden.
See also
Kaiser Permanente, an HMO founded by Henry J. Kaiser
Marinship
Shipyard Railway, which transported workers to the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, California
Vanport, Oregon
Notes
References
Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II (New York: Random House, 2012).
Further reading
External links
History.com
Kaiser Vancouver (WA) & Portland (OR) Yards
NPS article on Bay Area shipbuilding
Rosie the Riveter Trust
A guide to the Permanente Metals Corporation photograph album, 1941-1945
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
Henry J. Kaiser
United States home front during World War II
.
American companies established in 1940
Manufacturing companies established in 1940
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1946
American women civilians in World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser%20Shipyards |
West is the fourth solo album by the American Music Club singer/songwriter Mark Eitzel, released by Warner Bros. Records in 1997. It includes songs co-written and produced by the R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck from October 15 to October 17, 1996.
Critical reception
The Chicago Tribune wrote that "with Buck producing and co-writing West, Eitzel has never been part of such an overtly inviting pop album."
Track listing
All songs written by Buck and Eitzel, except where noted:
"If You Have to Ask" – 4:20
"Free of Harm" – 3:21
"Helium" – 5:25
"Stunned & Frozen" – 5:10
"Then It Really Happens" – 4:28
"In Your Life" – 4:04
"Lower Eastside Tourist" – 3:49
"Three Inches of Wall" – 4:48
"Move Myself Ahead" – 3:35
"Old Photographs" – 5:22
"Fresh Screwdriver" – 3:59
"Live or Die" (Eitzel) – 5:14
Personnel
Mark Eitzel – vocals, guitar on "Live or Die", string arrangements on "If You Have to Ask"
Steve Berlin – fuzz bass on "Old Photographs", piano on "Helium"
Peter Buck – guitar, bass guitar on "Live or Die"
Bruce Kaphan – string arrangements on "If You Have to Ask"
Barrett Martin – drums, acoustic bass guitar, bass marimba, vibes, tablas, conga, tambourine
Scott McCaughey – electric bass, organ, piano, slide guitar
Mike McCready – guitar on "Fresh Screwdriver"
Skerik – vibraphone, organ, baritone saxophone
See also
The Lonesome Death of Buck McCoy, a studio album by The Minus 5 featuring many of the same musicians and recorded at the same time as West
References
External links
"Power Trio", in the Phoenix New Times (July 12, 1997)
1997 albums
Albums produced by Peter Buck
Mark Eitzel albums
Warner Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20%28Mark%20Eitzel%20album%29 |
The St. Thomas Wildcats were a minor professional ice hockey team in the Colonial Hockey League (CoHL) and played at the St. Thomas-Elgin Memorial Centre in St. Thomas, Ontario. The team was a founding member of the league and was owned by Doug Tarry, Sr. and later by Doug Tarry, Jr., who went on to purchase the London Knights in 1994. The team moved to nearby London, Ontario, in 1994 and became the London Wildcats with red and blue colours. After playing in London for the 1994–95 season, the franchise suspended operations for one year before moving to Dayton, Ohio, and becoming the Dayton Ice Bandits.
The Wildcats were Colonial Cup runners-up both in 1992 (losing to the Thunder Bay Thunder Cats) and 1993 (losing to the Brantford Smoke). The team's NHL affiliations were the Buffalo Sabres and St. Louis Blues.
During the 1992–93 season, the Wildcats were involved in two major incidents. The first was during the second round of the playoffs when the Thunder Bay Thunder Cats players went into the stands after their coach was doused with beer by a fan. Players involved included Mel Angelstad and Bryan Wells. During the final round of the playoffs against the Brantford Smoke, the two teams engaged in a bench-clearing brawl after the second game of the series after the Wildcats' Kent Hawley was speared when he went to pick up the game puck following the final whistle. All players were involved, including all four goaltenders.
See also
List of ice hockey teams in Ontario
Defunct United Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Defunct ice hockey teams in Canada
St. Thomas, Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Thomas%20Wildcats |
Tesco Organisation is a German record label, mail order company and distributor, specialising in industrial, noise, neofolk and ambient music. Tesco has also organised music festivals in the past such as "Heavy Electronics", "Tesco Disco" and "Festival Karlsruhe"
History
Formation
Tesco Organisation started as a mail order company in 1987 releasing music from the Industrial music genre. The organisation had noticed there was a gap between the music they liked and what was being released by other record labels. In 1989 the label released their first Genocide Organ album, titled "Leichenlinie". Shortly after this release, Tesco expanded and created their sub-label, Functional Organisation, primarily for the re-release of unknown cassette recordings.The label's early releases were packaged in special covers such as oversized card folders and sleeves, influenced by the LP covers of the band Zoviet France. Early releases were recorded by the organisations members and their friends. The music Tesco wanted to release was in the style of earlier Industrial bands like Throbbing Gristle and Lustmord.
Principles
The organisation does not involve itself in any PR, but instead lets its artists speak on their behalf. The artists who release recordings on the organisation's record label all have something in common with Tesco. The organisation's members stay neutral and support their recording artist's views. Tesco states that they have no visible ideology, instead expressing a fascination for other people who are outspoken and direct; no matter what politics they follow. They express an enjoyment of the aesthetics of decay and the decline of the Western world. They state that when living in a country where you are not allowed to own any nationalism you have a lot to criticize.
Notable artists
Footnotes
External links
German record labels
Record labels established in 1987
Noise music record labels
Industrial record labels
Ambient music record labels
Electronic music festivals in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco%20Organisation |
Phillip Hart Weaver (April 9, 1919 – April 16, 1989) was a Nebraska Republican politician, who was also the son of former Nebraska governor Arthur J. Weaver and grandson of former representative Archibald Jerard Weaver.
He was born in Falls City, Nebraska on April 9, 1919. He was educated at St. Benedicts College in Atchison, Kansas from 1938 to 1939 and graduated from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. From 1938 to 1940 he was a radio announcer.
On June 1, 1942 he joined the Armed Services and assigned to command, staff, and liaison duties with the Seventeenth Airborne Division, First Allied Airborne Army, and Headquarters, Berlin District. He was discharged as a captain in March 1946 after having been awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge, Glider Wings, and the Bronze Star with oak leaf cluster. He retired as a lieutenant colonel in United States Army Reserves.
He returned to Falls City and became engaged in the insurance and finance business from 1946 to 1949 and was the director of the Falls City Wholesale & Supply, Inc. at the same time. In 1949 and 1950 he was the civilian administrative assistant to the G-1, Fifth Army, Chicago. He also established an automobile agency in Falls City.
He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses serving from January 3, 1955 to January 3, 1963. Weaver voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. He was unsuccessful in his bid for renomination in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth United States Congress. He became a special consultant to the U.S. Department of Agriculture from 1963 to 1965. In 1966 he became a deputy director in the Field Cooperations Division, Rural Community Development Service. In 1967 to 1968 he became regional development coordinator for Department of Agriculture, and in 1969 he was promoted to acting administrator of the Rural Community Development Service. From 1969 to 1973 he was the deputy assistant to the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture. He returned to Falls City in 1974 to resume his business interests and was a resident of Falls City until his death there on April 16, 1989.
References
1919 births
1989 deaths
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army officers
People from Falls City, Nebraska
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
20th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Weaver |
Anthropos (ἄνθρωπος) is Greek for human.
Anthropos may also refer to:
Anthropos, in Gnosticism, the first human being, also referred to as Adamas (from Hebrew meaning earth) or Geradamas
′Anthropos′ as a part of an expression in the original Greek New Testament that is translated as Son of man
Anthropos (journal), a journal published since 1906 by the
Anthropos alphabet, a phonetic transcription alphabet developed for the Anthropos journal
The Archives of Anthropos, a series of fantasy novels for children
Anthropos (robot), a social robot developed by Media Lab Europe
Anthropos Pavilion, a museum located in the city of Brno, South Moravia, Czech Republic
See also
Anthropoid (disambiguation)
Anthropology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropos |
Shona Rapira Davies (born 1951) is a sculptor and painter of Ngātiwai ki Aotea tribal descent. Currently residing in Wellington New Zealand.
Education
Rapira Davies first studied at the Auckland College of Education, majoring in art, and later in Dunedin at Otago Polytechnic, graduating with a Diploma in Fine Arts in 1983. In 1989 she was awarded the prestigious Frances Hodgkins Fellowship and a residency for indigenous artists at the Banff Centre of the Arts in Canada.
Rapira Davies recalls she felt isolated in her identity while studying in Dunedin but the experience taught her the value of patience.
Career
She exhibits widely; both as a sculptor and as a painter. Rapira Davies is interested in the empowerment of Māori women in spite of perceived racism (in a Pākehā culture) and sexism (within the patriarchal structure of Māori tribal organisation). She uses her art work to make statements about perceived injustices against Māori.
She is well known for her landscape sculpture commission for Te Aro Park (previously called Pigeon Park) in central Wellington. The ceramic tile permanent work is considered one of New Zealand's most successful public sculptures. Set in a narrow triangle of public space with adjacent busy roads and much foot traffic it is a very visible work.
One of Rapira Davies' major works, the sculptural installation Nga Morehu (1988), the title of which translates to 'the survivors', is held by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, along with preparatory drawings. The work was originally made for Whakamamae ('to feel pain'), an exhibition Rapira Davies had with painter Robyn Kahukiwa at the Wellington City Art Gallery in 1988. Ngā Morehu pays tribute to the strength and resilience of Māori women. The work depicts the , the call of welcome performed by women which begins ceremonial occasions, through a group of terracotta figures arranged on an unfinished (woven flax mat). The is mentioned by Rapira Davies as being the defining component of the piece. Her daughter completed the weaving after very little instruction, and which Rapira Davies describes as her journey into adulthood. A naked female child faces a group of women advancing towards her, performing the , and at the end of the mat is a seated (female elder). The body of the child is adorned with the words of a contemporary poem and that of the (the women leading the ) with the words of a (a song), while the other female forms carry racial slurs. Curator Megan Tamati-Quennell writes:
Reflecting the rise of the political Māori voice and the place of feminism in New Zealand art at the time, Ngā Morehu portrays the impact of colonisation on Māori culture and Māori women particularly. Yet Rapira Davies' work suggest transcendence too, by revealing a ritual state rarely portrayed, and through it, a Māori definition of beauty, status and worth.
In 2015 Te Papa opened a focus exhibition on Rapira Davies and fellow senior artist Emily Karaka which includes Ngā Morehu alongside preparatory sketches and more recent works.
Exhibitions
Solo
Hone Heke, Art Attack Gallery, Dunedin. 1981
Toku Whanau, Marshall Seifert Gallery, Dunedin. 1984
Tangi, Marshall Seifert Gallery, Dunedin. 1985
Wāhine, Wāhine, Marshall Seifert Gallery. 1985
Kōrero au Taku Tamaiti, Bowen Galleries. 1986
Ko Te Kihikihi, Govett-Brewster Art Gallery / Len Lye Centre. 2022
Ko Te Kihikihi Taku Ingoa, Govett-Brewster Art Gallery / Len Lye Centre. 2022
Selected group exhibitions
Māori Arts Festival, Women's Gallery, (also Hocken Library Gallery, Dunedin) Wellington. 1980
Aramoana, City Art Gallery, Wellington. 1980
ANZART, Christchurch Arts Centre, Christchurch. 1980
Content/Context, National Art Gallery of New Zealand, Wellington. 1986
Whakamamae, Wellington City Art Gallery, 1988
Collections
Her works are held at Te Papa and Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki.
References
New Zealand women sculptors
New Zealand women painters
New Zealand Māori artists
1951 births
Living people
Ngāti Wai people
People associated with the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
People from Great Barrier Island
Otago Polytechnic alumni
20th-century New Zealand sculptors
21st-century New Zealand sculptors
20th-century New Zealand women artists
21st-century New Zealand women artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona%20Rapira%20Davies |
Caught in a Trap and I Can't Back Out 'Cause I Love You Too Much, Baby is the fifth solo album by the American Music Club singer/songwriter Mark Eitzel, released in 1998. A starker follow-up to his previous album, it was the first album he released for the independent label Matador Records. The album has contributions from the Sonic Youth member Steve Shelley, the guitarist Kid Congo Powers and the Yo La Tengo bass guitarist James McNew.
The title is taken from the opening line of Elvis Presley's late-period hit "Suspicious Minds".
Track listing
"Are You the Trash"
"Xmas Lights Spin"
"Auctioneer's Song"
"White Rosary"
"If I Had a Gun"
"Goodbye"
"Queen of No One"
"Cold Light of Day"
"Go Away"
"Atico 18"
"Sun Smog Seahorse"
Personnel
Kid Congo Powers - guitar on tracks 5, 6, 8
James McNew - bass guitar on tracks 6-9
Steve Shelley - drums on tracks 6-9
References
External links
Matador Records discography
[ All Music]
1998 albums
Mark Eitzel albums
Matador Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caught%20in%20a%20Trap%20and%20I%20Can%27t%20Back%20Out%20%27Cause%20I%20Love%20You%20Too%20Much%2C%20Baby |
Vienna has an extensive transport system that includes roads, railways, trams, metro, and buses.
Public transport
Vienna has a large public transport network.
Vienna S-Bahn
Vienna U-Bahn
Local Railways (Lokalbahn Wien-Baden)
Wiener Linien (= Vienna Lines, municipal company operating the U-Bahn, Vienna's tramway network, and most Bus routes)
Carsharing (= cars parked in the city you can rent per minute DriveNow)
Vienna has an extensive train and bus network. The convenience and flexibility of the public transport system is reflected by its popularity; 53% of Viennese workers travel to their workplace by public transport. The overall modal split was 39% public transport and 27% private transport in 2016, compared to 29% and 40% respectively in 1993.
Fares within the city cover all modes of public transport and are available for various time periods, such as for 24 hours, calendar weeks and calendar months. Tourist and yearly tickets are also available. Passengers must buy tickets prior to boarding or entering a station; however, on buses and trams, tickets can be bought or validated on board. There are no ticket barriers or inspections when entering public transit system, however transit inspectors - often in plainclothes - do conduct random ticket inspections on certain lines.
The Viennese public transport services are incorporated into a larger concentric system of transport zones, the VOR (Verkehrsverbund Ostregion = eastern region transport association). VOR includes railway and bus lines operating into the surrounding areas, and ticket prices are calculated according to the number of zones crossed, Vienna being a single zone.
Airports
Vienna International Airport is located to the southeast of Vienna. The airport handled 22 million passengers in 2012. Following lengthy negotiations with surrounding communities, the airport will be expanded to increase its capacity by adding a third runway. The airport is currently undergoing a major expansion, including a new terminal building opened in 2012 to prepare for an expected increase in passengers.
Another airport that's rather close to the city is Bratislava Airport in Slovakia. The airport is primarily used by low-cost airlines, such as Ryanair. It is a few kilometres away from the city, meaning that Bratislava & Vienna share each other's airports, due to the fact that both cities are not far away from each other.
Water
Vienna is connected to Rotterdam and German industrial areas via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, and to Eastern European countries along the Danube to the Black Sea. Construction on a Danube-Oder Canal was begun during the Nazi era but remains unfinished, though it may be completed in the future.
The Twin City Liner boat service connects Vienna and Bratislava.
Nearly all of Vienna's drinking water is brought from the Alps to the city via two large water pipelines, built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The pipelines stretch and from the Alps to Hietzing (the city's 13th district). The Alpine sources are pristine and the water does not require treatment.
Railways
Trains are operated by the ÖBB. Historically, all transport was oriented towards the main cities in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Vienna has two remaining train terminals that form the beginning of several train lines:
Wien Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof, the starting point of the Franz-Josefs-Bahn
Wien Westbahnhof, starting point of the West railway
There are also several through train stations:
Wien Hauptbahnhof, a new central station that replaced two former terminals. It became the main long-distance station upon full opening in 2014.
Wien Hütteldorf on the West railway
Wien Heiligenstadt on the Franz Joseph Railway
Wien Praterstern (Formerly known as Wien Nord or Wien Nord-Praterstern) on the North railway
Wien Meidling on the South railway. This is Vienna's most frequented transit station.
Wien Mitte (Landstraße) on the S-Bahn trunk line; it is the nearest railway station to the centre of the city.
There are also a large number of smaller stations that are important for local passenger traffic. Since the mid-1990s, the Westbahnhof and Südbahnhof have handled all long-distance travel. Many trains also stop at Hütteldorf or Meidling, especially when inbound.
In order to bundle all long-distance traffic it has become necessary to build a tunnel, colloquially known as the Wildschweintunnel ("boar tunnel"), underneath Lainzer Tiergarten linking the Western Railway to the Southern Railway. The new bundled train line will connect to the new Wien Hauptbahnhof that is being constructed on the site of the previous Südbahnhof.
Roads
As in Austria generally, national highways are referred to as Bundesstrassen. Higher-capacity and higher-speed Bundesstrassen are further categorized into Autobahns and Schnellstrassen (expressways).
Five automobile bridges cross the Danube river within the city. From north to south, they are the Nordbrücke, Floridsdorfer Brücke, Brigittenauer Brücke, Reichsbrücke and Praterbrücke.
Autobahns
Five national autobahns leave Vienna in the westerly (A1), northwesterly (A22), northerly A5, easterly (A4), and southerly (A2) directions. Similarly to the rail lines, they are commonly referred to after their exit directions (Westautobahn, Südatobahn, Nordautobahn and Ostautobahn). In addition, several spur and branch autobahns circle around the southern and eastern areas of the city. Notably, the A23 Südosttangente connects the Süd Autobahn and Ostautobahn, and is the busiest road in Vienna. The protected Wienerwald forest area in the West and Northwest of the city has been left mostly untouched.
Schnellstraßen
Schnellstraßen are similar to Autobahns except that they have slight inferiorities such as lower posted speeds and smaller curve radii. Within Vienna one may find the S 1 Wiener Außenring Schnellstraße and S 2 Wiener Nordrand Schnellstraße.
Bundesstraßen
Similarly to the train lines, Bundesstraßen leave the city in a star-shaped pattern. Some are named after their historical final destinations; for example, Prager Straße to Prague, Linzer Straße to Linz, Triester Straße to Trieste and Brünner Straße to Brno (this last to be supplanted by the aforementioned A 5). Bundesstraßen can be compared to U.S. Highways in the United States, being two-lane in rural areas and multi-lane in urban areas.
European Routes
Several European Routes pass through Vienna, including E 60, E 49, E 59, E 58 and E 461
See also
Economy of Vienna
History of Vienna
Tourism in Vienna
Transport in Austria
References
External links
Wieninternational.at website: Transport in Vienna - yesterday and today – a summary
Transport in Vienna | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20in%20Vienna |
Grävenwiesbach is a municipality in the Hochtaunuskreis in Hesse, Germany.
Geography
Location
Grävenwiesbach lies between 300 and 600 m above sea level north of the Taunus Ridge. The nearest big towns are Wetzlar (20 km) to the north, Limburg (32 km) to the west and Frankfurt am Main (40 km) to the south.
Neighbouring communities
Grävenwiesbach borders in the north on the communities of Weilmünster (Limburg-Weilburg) and Waldsolms (Lahn-Dill-Kreis), in the east on the towns of Butzbach (Wetteraukreis) and Usingen, and in the south and west on the community of Weilrod (both in the Hochtaunuskreis).
Constituent communities
The community consists of the centres of Grävenwiesbach, Heinzenberg, Hundstadt, Laubach, Mönstadt and Naunstadt.
History
Grävenwiesbach had its first documentary mention in 1280. As of 1326, the village belonged to the County – later Principality – of Nassau-Weilburg, with which it passed in 1806 to the newly created Duchy of Nassau. In 1866, Grävenwiesbach became Prussian.
Politics
Municipal council
The municipal elections on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results:
Note: FWG is a citizens' coalition.
Partnerships
Grävenwiesbach has maintained a partnership with Wuenheim in Alsace, France since 6 September 1980.
Coat of arms
Grävenwiesbach's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: Or a spreadeagle sable armed and langued gules, above each wing a mullet of six azure.
The earliest town seals show this same composition, including one example known from 1534 but dating from the previous century. The arms have remained virtually unchanged since then, but were only officially granted in 1952, at which time the tincture azure (blue) was chosen for the mullets (stars), as that was Nassau's colour, under which Grävenwiesbach had lived for centuries. The reason for the mullets being in the arms, however, is not known. The eagle is, of course, the old Imperial eagle.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
On 1 June 1909, the Frankfurt - Bad Homburg - Usingen - Weilburg railway line also reached Grävenwiesbach. After a spur line to Wetzlar was opened on 1 November 1912, Grävenwiesbach station became a small railway hub. This was the beginning of moderate industrialization as well as the first step towards reorienting Grävenwiesbach towards the Rhine-Main economic area.
Nowadays, Grävenwiesbach is an operations centre for the Taunusbahn railway, run by the Hessische Landesbahn GmbH, and running from Bad Homburg to Usingen and on to Brandoberndorf.
Education
In Grävenwiesbach there is only a primary school. A Hauptschule, a Realschule and a Gymnasium are available in Usingen.
Literature
So war es einst. Grävenwiesbach im Wandel der Zeiten. Publisher: Heimatverein Grävenwiesbach e.V.,
Unsere Bahn. Publisher: Heimatverein Grävenwiesbach e.V.
References
External links
Website der Gemeinde Grävenwiesbach
Hochtaunuskreis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A4venwiesbach |
My Life is a 2004 autobiography written by former U.S. president Bill Clinton. It was released on June 22, 2004, around three years after Clinton left office. The book was published by the Knopf Publishing Group and became a bestseller; the book sold in excess of 2.3 million copies. Clinton received a $15 million (equivalent to $ million in ) advance for the book, which at the time was the highest such fee ever paid by a publisher.
Summary and themes
In My Life, Clinton covered his life chronologically, beginning with his early years in Hope, Arkansas, and his family's move to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he attended school and learned the tenor saxophone. It later had a peripheral role in his political public appearances. He had an early interest in politics, which he pursued in college. He eventually ran for and won the Governorship of Arkansas, and later, the Presidency of the United States. Along the way, Clinton offers anecdotes of ordinary people he had interacted with over the years.
Early in Clinton's life, he recalls listening to his family's stories of others and learning
that no one is perfect but most people are good; that people can't be judged by their worst or weakest moments; that harsh judgments can make hypocrites of us all; that a lot of life is just showing up and hanging on; that laughter is often the best, and sometimes the only, response to pain.
Following his defeat for second term as governor, Clinton remarks, "the system can only absorb so much change at once; no one can beat all the entrenched interests at the same time; and if people think you've stopped listening, you're sunk."
In a political battle, he said that one should wait for an attack from his opponent, then counterpunch as strong and as fast as possible. Early gaffes in Clinton's political career were a result, he believed, of taking too long to respond to attacks.
Writing process
Clinton spent about two and a half years on the book. He gathered material for four months, wrote an outline, and spent two years and two months writing the book. The book's editor was Justin Cooper. "I wrote it out long hand, left blanks for research, he'd do the research, put it in the computer, print it out, and then we'd edit it," Clinton said. "Every page in this book has probably been gone over somewhere between three and nine times." The original draft for the book was written completely in long-hand. "[There were] 22 big, thick notebooks."
Reaction
At 1,008 pages, the memoir was chided for its length, with comedian Jon Stewart joking, "I have to confess, I did not finish the entire book; I'm on ... page 12,000." Similarly, then-President George W. Bush joked that it was "10,000 pages long."
In 2007, Teletext carried out a survey of British readers, the results of which revealed that of the respondents who had purchased or borrowed My Life, 30 percent had either not read it, or had begun to read it but had not finished it.
Clinton's former advisor Dick Morris wrote a rebuttal named Because He Could (2004), criticizing My Life. In his own book, Morris presented what he believed to be factual inaccuracies of different events Clinton depicted in My Life.
White House intern Monica Lewinsky was also highly critical of the book, particularly the passages in which Clinton writes about his affair with her, saying that she had thought he would "correct the false statements he made when he was trying to protect the presidency."
Clinton earned US$30 million as of April 2008 from the sales of My Life and his follow-up book, Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World.
Editions
In addition to the full-volume hardback that was initially released, several other editions followed, including: a limited deluxe edition that was numbered, slipcased, and autographed (); trade paperback; audio (read by Bill Clinton); and a mass market paperback edition separated into two volumes. The audiobook edition, read by Clinton and published by Random House Audio, won the 2005 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album.
This was the second time Clinton had won the award; in February 2004, Clinton (along with former leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev and actress Sophia Loren) won the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children. They were narrators for the Russian National Orchestra's album Peter and the Wolf/Wolf Tracks.
See also
List of autobiographies by presidents of the United States
References
External links
Official webpage at Random House
2004 non-fiction books
Alfred A. Knopf books
American autobiographies
Books about Arkansas
Books about Bill Clinton
Books about the Clinton administration
Books by Bill Clinton
British Book Award-winning works
Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album
Political autobiographies
Political memoirs
Books written by presidents of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Life%20%28Clinton%20autobiography%29 |
The Invisible Man is a solo album by the American Music Club singer/songwriter Mark Eitzel, released by Matador Records in 2001.
It is a more electronic effort by Eitzel, who is known for his stark, acoustic arrangements. Eitzel wrote all of the songs on an acoustic guitar, but finished most of them with a sampler and Pro Tools on his Power Mac G4 in the front room of his house.
Critical reception
No Depression called the album "a real return to form, evoking the ghost of [Eitzel's] former band of arch-miserablists, the American Music Club." The Detroit Metro Times called it a "subdued yet powerful record, confirming Eitzel as a talented musician and one of the best songwriters of his generation."
Track listing
"The Boy With the Hammer"
"Can You See?"
"Christian Science Reading Room"
"Sleep"
"To the Sea"
"Shine"
"Steve I Always Knew"
"Bitterness"
"Anything"
Without You
"The Global Sweep of Human History"
"Seeing Eye Dog"
"Proclaim Your Joy"
References
2001 albums
Mark Eitzel albums
Matador Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Invisible%20Man%20%28album%29 |
Common names: shield-tail snakes, shield-tailed snakes, earth snakes.
Uropeltis is a genus of nonvenomous shield tail snakes endemic to Peninsular India. As of 2022, 26 species are recognized as being valid.
Geographic range
Most Uropeltis species are found in the hills of Peninsular India, mainly in the southwestern parts of the country, including the Western Ghats and, to some extent, also in the Eastern Ghats and in the hills of Central India.
Description
Species in the genus Uropeltis share the following characters. The eye is in the ocular shield. There are no supraoculars nor temporals. There is no mental groove. The tail is conical or obliquely truncated, terminating in a small scute, the end of which is square, or bicuspid with the points side by side.
Species
T Type species.
Nota bene: A taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Uropeltis.
References
Further reading
Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Genus Silybura, p. 257, Figure 81).
Cuvier [G] (1829). Le Régne Animal Distribué, d'après son Organisation, pour servir de base à l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux et d'introduction à l'Anatomie Comparé. Nouvelle Edition, Revue et Augmentée [second edition]. Tome II [Volume 2]. Les Reptiles. Paris: Déterville. xv + 406 pp. (Uropeltis, new genus, pp. 76–77). (in French).
Das I (2002). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. . (Genus Uropeltis, pp. 59–60).
Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (Genus Uropeltis, p. 73).
Wall F (1921). Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes of Ceylon. Colombo, Ceylon [Sri Lanka]: Colombo Museum. (H.R. Cottle, Government Printer). xxii + 581 pp. (Genus Uropeltis, pp. 23–25, Figures 7-9).
Ganesh SR (2015). Shieldtail snakes (Reptilia: Uropeltidae)– the Darwin's finches of south Indian snake fauna? Manual on Identification and Preparation of Keys of Snakes with Special Reference to their Venomous Nature in India., Govt. Arts College, Ooty, 13-24.
Pyron RA, Ganesh SR, Sayyed A, Sharma V, Wallach V, Somaweera R (2016). "A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)". Zoosystema 38 (4): 453–506.
Rajendran MV (1985). "Studies on Uropeltid Snakes". Madurai: Publication Division, Madurai Kamaraj University. 132 pp.
Sharma RC (2003). Handbook: Indian Snakes. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India. 292 pp. .
Whitaker R, Captain A (2008). Snakes of India: The Field Guide. Chennai: Draco Books. 495 pp. .
External links
Captain, Ashok (2003). Checklist of Indian Snakes with English Common Names. PDF at the University of Texas at Austin. Accessed 2 September 2007.
Genus Uropeltis at Systema Naturae 2000. Accessed 2 September 2007.
Uropeltidae
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
Snake genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropeltis |
Music for Courage and Confidence is a solo album by the American Music Club singer/songwriter Mark Eitzel. One of two cover song albums from him in 2002 (along with The Ugly American), it was released by New West Records and is a collection of songs by different songwriters.
Critical reception
No Depression gave the album a mixed review, praising the musical backing and production, but writing that Eitzel doesn't have a strong enough voice to put some of the songs over.
Track listing
"Snowbird" (Gene MacLellan)
"Ain't No Sunshine" (Bill Withers)
"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" (George O'Dowd, Jon Moss, Michael Craig, Roy Hay)
"Help Me Make It Through the Night" (Kris Kristofferson)
"I Only Have Eyes for You" (Al Dubin, Harry Warren)
"Gentle on My Mind" (John Hartford)
"More More More" (Gregory Diamond)
"Move on Up" (Curtis Mayfield)
"Rehearsals for Retirement" (Phil Ochs)
"I'll Be Seeing You" (Irving Kahal, Sammy Fain)
References
2002 albums
Mark Eitzel albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20for%20Courage%20and%20Confidence |
At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, 15 swimming events were contested, eight for men and seven for women. There was a total of 380 participants from 45 countries competing. For the first time, the 4 × 100 metres medley relay was contested. The United States topped the medal standings with a total of 15 medals (9 gold), while Australia finished close second with 13 medals (5 gold). 16-years-old phenom Chris von Saltza won four medals, three of them gold.
Medal table
Medal summary
Men's events
Women's events
100m men's freestyle controversy
Results were decided by finish judges who relied on their eyes and did not use replays. Three judges were assigned to each finishing position. There were three official timers in 1960 for each lane and swimmer, all timing by hand. All three timers for Devitt, in lane three, timed him in 55.2 seconds. The three timers for lane four timed Lance Larson in 55.0, 55.1, and 55.1 seconds.
Former Olympic swimmer and FINA co-founder Max Ritter inspected the judge's scorecards. Two of the three first-place judges found that Devitt had finished first and the third found for Larson. Of the three-second-place judges, two found that Devitt finished second and one found that Larson was second. Ritter pointed out to chief judge Henry Runströmer of Sweden that the scorecards indicated a tie. Runstrümer cast the deciding vote and declared Devitt the winner. However, the rules at that time did not provide for the chief judge to have a vote or give him the right to break ties. Ties were supposed to be broken by referring to the timing machine. The official results placed Devitt first and Larson second, both with the identical time of 55.2 seconds. The United States team appealed, bolstered by videotaped footage of the finish that appeared to show Larson the winner. The appeal jury, headed by Jan de Vries, also the President of FINA in 1960, rejected the appeal, keeping Devitt the winner. This controversy would pave the way for electronic touchpads to be included in swimming events to determine finish and accurate timing.
Participating nations
380 swimmers from 45 nations competed.
References
1960 Summer Olympics events
1960
1960 in swimming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%201960%20Summer%20Olympics |
Viewpoint School is an independent school located in Calabasas, California. The school is coeducational, with students enrolled from Transitional Kindergarten through the twelfth grade. Enrollment in the 2014–15 school year was 1,200, making it the fourth largest institution in the California Association of Independent Schools (CAIS).
History
In Viewpoint School's first year, 1961, it occupied leased facilities in Encino, California and enrolled 24 students. Mrs. Thelma Sitton was the school's first principal. The school's enrollment and recognition grew. Portions of the campus moved west and for several years shared space with a church on Platt Avenue in Woodland Hills. For the 1965–66 school year, Viewpoint moved grades 6, 7, and 8 to its current location in Calabasas, constructing its first building (3 trailers) there. A permanent lower school building followed on shortly thereafter.
As enrollment increased in the 1960s and 1970s, Viewpoint included additional grades to meet demand and Viewpoint graduated its first senior class in 1982. This year, construction was also begun on Viewpoint's second academic building. Art O'Leary served as headmaster of Viewpoint from 1980 to 1986. Dr. Robert J. Dworkoski began his term on O'Leary's retirement in 1986. In June 2014, after 28 years as Headmaster, Dr. Dworkoski moved into the role of President of the Viewpoint Educational Foundation. During the 2014–15 school year, Paul Rosenbaum served as Interim Head of School. As of June 2015, Mark McKee is Head of School.
In 2005, Viewpoint opened a third building in the first phase of the School's Master Plan. A new athletic field was completed in 2007, a library in 2009, and a new arts and athletics facility was completed fall 2011. It includes classrooms, science labs, and art studios. The Paul Family Athletic Center features a 900-seat gymnasium for volleyball and basketball, as well as additional space for a fitness center, locker rooms, and coaches' offices. In February 2015, the School opened the 4,100 square-foot Balaban-Webster Team Center.
Curriculum
As of 1988 the school offered French instruction from Pre-Kindergarten through grade 12, and Viewpoint required secondary students in grades 7–12 to have at least three years of foreign language instruction in French, Spanish, Latin or Mandarin. Foreign language instruction was four days per week for grades 9-12 and five days per week for grades 7 and 8.
Controversy
Viewpoint was accused of shielding a teacher who had been convicted of sexually abusing a student while working at a prior school. Viewpoint has received media attention about its vape control policies.
Athletics
Viewpoint School fields 22 varsity athletic teams in the California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section. Teams also compete at the junior varsity and middle school levels. The Patriots have won 18 CIF Southern Section Championships in the past eight years. Since 2008, Viewpoint's Upper School Athletic teams have won 57 team and individual league titles, and nine CIF Southern Section Titles. Viewpoint was awarded the Commissioner's Cup, which recognizes “comprehensive excellence in interscholastic competition” for its boys athletic program in 2006–07. Seven of Viewpoint's teams were recognized as CIF All-Academic in the last 12 years.
Accreditation and membership
Viewpoint School is accredited by and/or affiliated with the following organizations:
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges
The National Association of Independent Schools
The California Association of Independent Schools
The Cum Laude Society
National Association of Principals of Schools for Girls
National Association of Secondary School Principals
A Better Chance
Association of College Counselors in Independent Schools
National Association of College Admission Counseling
Western Association of College Admission Counseling
Notable alumni
Tiffany Trump (class of 2012) - Socialite and daughter of businessman and 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump
Miye Oni (class of 2015) - NBA basketball player who played for the Utah Jazz
Max Cutler (class of 2009) - businessman and founder of the podcasting platform Parcast
Momma (band)
References
External links
Official website
Private K-12 schools in Los Angeles County, California
Educational institutions established in 1961
Education in Los Angeles
Calabasas, California
Preparatory schools in California
1961 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewpoint%20School |
The Ugly American is an album by singer/songwriter Mark Eitzel. The second of Eitzel's two covers albums released in 2002 (along with Music for Courage and Confidence), The Ugly American was put out by Thirsty Ear Recordings. It contains new versions of songs Eitzel wrote with his earlier band American Music Club, as arranged by an ensemble of Greek musicians.
Critical reception
AllMusic called the album "a fascinating and pleasurable detour that casts some of [Eitzel's] best songs in a new light."
Track listing
"Western Sky"
"Here They Roll Down"
"Jenny"
"Nightwatchman"
"Take Courage"
"Anything"
"What Good is Love"
"Will You Find Me"
"Last Harbor"
"Love's Humming"
References
2002 albums
Mark Eitzel albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ugly%20American%20%28album%29 |
Asha Kelunni Nair (born 8 July 1966), better known by her stage name Revathi, is an Indian actress and director, known for her works predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam cinema - in addition to Telugu, Hindi and Kannada films.
She has won several accolades, including three National Film Awards, and six Filmfare Awards South. She has also won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in Bhoothakaalam (2022).
Early life
Revathi was born as Asha Kelunni Nair in Cochin (present-day Kochi) to Malank Kelunni Nair, a major in the Indian Army, who hails from Palakkad, and Lalitha Kelunni.
When she was in school, she took part in a fashion show. Group photos were taken during the show and a photo was chosen to be the cover of a popular Tamil magazine. This happened to be her photo, which was seen by the director Bharathiraja, who at that time was on the lookout for a new heroine for his latest venture, Mann Vasanai.
Career
She made her acting debut with the Tamil film Mann Vasanai in 1983. The film was a silver jubilee hit and she was rewarded with a Filmfare Special Award – South. She then made her Malayalam film debut with the movie titled Kattathe Kilikkoodu in 1983. This film too hit the gold at the box office and was among her biggest hits of the 1980s. . She was introduced to Telugu film industry with 1984 films, Seethamma Pelli by director Bapu and Manasa Veena. The later movie was dubbed into Malayalam, with the name Thennal Thedunna Poovu. Revathy went on to play a blind, rape-survivor Seetha in Tamil in Mahendran’s Kai Kodukkum Kai (1984) opposite Rajinikanth. Revathy went on to play Seetha in Pudhumai Penn (1984) directed by Bharathiraja. The same year she also did Vaidehi Kathirunthal, directed by R. Sundarrajan.
She was versatile in her choice of roles and often played strong, relatable women characters. Her big break, the one that put her name high on the charts, was her portrayal of Divya, a very spirited and headstrong girl who transforms into a woman through the course of the movie, in Mani Ratnam’s Mouna Ragam (1986).
She was cast opposite Kamal Haasan in Punnagai Mannan in 1986. Revathi won several accolades for her role in the film. The film too was a huge hit and established her as one of the most sought after actress of Tamil film industry. She finally won her first Best Actress Award for her splendid performance in the Malayalam film Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal in 1988. She won her Best Actress Award for Tamil film industry with the film titled Kizhakku Vaasal in 1990. She gave hits after hits and gave one of her finest performance in Priyadarshan’s Malayalam film Kilukkam (1991). In 1991, she made her debut in Hindi with Suresh Krissna’s Love, co-starring Salman Khan. She then won a National Film Award under the category of Best Supporting Actress for her Tamil film Thevar Magan in 1992. She was at the peak of her career in the early 1990s. She also gave occasional appearance in Telugu and Kannada films as well. Revathy again won the Filmfare Award in Balu Mahendra’s Marupadiyum (1993). The golden run lasted until the end of the 1990s, after appearing in some of her most well-regarded films in that decade Anjali (1990), Thevar Magan (1992), Magalir Mattum (1994) were already behind her. She has also won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Thalaimurai in 1998.
Hindi audiences have savoured Revathi in Margarita with a Straw (2014) and 2 States (2014). In Tamil, Pa Paandi (2017); Jackpot (2019) and in Malayalam Virus (2019).
She was seen in the bilingual Telugu and Hindi film Major (2022), where she portrayed Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan's mother, Dhanalakshmi.
In addition to acting, Revathi has directed two features (Mitr, My Friend and Phir Milenge) and contributed an episode each to the anthology films Kerala Cafe and the unreleased Mumbai Cutting.
Personal life
Revathi married cinematographer and director Suresh Chandra Menon in 1986. The couple didn't have any children. However, following differences between them, they started living separately from 2002 and were granted divorce on 23 April 2013 by Chennai Additional Family Court.
In 2018, she revealed that she has a five-year old biological daughter named Mahee through In Vitro Fertilisation.
In the media
Revathi is a trained Bharatanatyam dancer, having studied since the age of seven and performed her arangetram in Chennai in 1979. She has been considered one of the all-time top actresses of Tamil cinema and South Indian cinema. She was one of the most successful leading actresses of South Indian cinema. Revathi was the only South Indian actress of 80s and 90s to win the Filmfare best actress award in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam, including three consecutive wins in Tamil. Apart from films, Revathi has been involved in a variety of social organisations, the most notable being the Banyan, Ability foundation, Tanker foundation and Vidyasagar, and has also served as a member of several film festivals including the Chennai International Film Festival and the International Film Festival of India.
Awards
References
External links
Living people
Actresses in Tamil cinema
21st-century Indian film directors
20th-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Kochi
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Indian film actresses
Indian women film directors
Hindi-language film directors
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Filmfare Awards South winners
Malayalam film directors
Best Supporting Actress National Film Award winners
Actresses in Malayalam television
Indian television actresses
Television personalities from Tamil Nadu
1966 births
21st-century Indian actresses
Indian voice actresses
Film directors from Kochi
Television personalities from Kerala
Actresses in Tamil television
Actresses in Telugu television
Women artists from Kerala
Tamil television directors
Tamil television writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revathi |
Rodney Clark "Hot Rod" Hundley (October 26, 1934 – March 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and television broadcaster. Hundley was the number 1 pick of the 1957 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals out of West Virginia University. In 2003, Hundley received the Curt Gowdy Media Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
Hundley's life revolved around the game of basketball. His love and talent for the game led him to achieve honors in high school and most notably during his college years. At West Virginia University, Hundley played to packed crowds at the Old Field House. His dribbling antics and daredevil maneuvers on the floor led to his popular nickname, "Hot Rod". He later became known as a broadcaster for the Utah Jazz.
Early life
Hundley was raised by various families in Charleston, West Virginia. In high school, Hundley lived alone.
A native of Charleston, West Virginia, Hundley showed evident talent for the game during his youth. At Charleston High School in West Virginia he averaged 30 points per game, breaking the state's four-year scoring record in just three years. He was offered many scholarships to universities.
College career
Hundley played for WVU from 1954 to 1957. The Mountaineers made their first NCAA appearance and three total appearances between 1955 and 1957. During his junior year, Hundley averaged 26.6 points and 13.1 rebounds per game. He scored more than 40 points in a game six times, which led to the Mountaineers scoring over 100 points in nine games. The Mountaineers were ranked No. 20 in the nation in 1955 and No. 4 in 1956. Hundley holds a varsity school record with 54 points in a single game against Furman and holds a freshman team record of 62 points against Ohio.
Sophomore season
As a sophomore in 1955, Hundley averaged 23.7 points per game and 8.1 rebounds in 30 games, 27 of which he started. Hundley scored 24 points against Wake Forest, then followed up with 30 against Alabama. He then scored another 47 points against Wake Forest two games later. He then followed up with 24 points against Cornell then 38 points against NYU. Two games later, he scored 35 points and grabbed 10 rebounds against Carnegie Tech. He then followed up three games later with 30 points against VMI. He then had 17 points against Virginia Tech and 25 points with 11 rebounds against Pittsburgh in the Backyard Brawl. He then had 35 points in a loss to Duke. He then had 21 against Penn State, 28 against Washington & Lee, 23 against William & Mary, and 35 points with 13 rebounds against Pitt. He followed the five-game stretch with 39 points and 10 rebounds against George Washington, then 25 points and 7 rebounds against Rutgers. He then had 27 points and 9 rebounds against VMI, 27 points and 12 rebounds against Washington & Lee, and then 30 points and 12 rebounds against George Washington.
In the Southern Conference tournament, Hundley had the opportunity to set the tournament scoring record with two free throws in the final seconds of a game against George Washington with the Mountaineers already having the game won. However, Hundley shot a hook shot and a behind-the-back shot that both resulted in air balls.
Junior season
As a junior in 1956, Hundley set a career-high with 26.6 points & 13.1 rebounds per game. Hundley's first six games of the season had scores of 34 points, 20 points, 27 points, 40 points, 20 points, and 21 points. He then had games of 23 points and 29 points against Columbia and Washington & Lee. He followed up with 17 points & 9 rebounds against Villanova, 25 points & 10 rebounds against La Salle, then a career-game of 24 points, 26 rebounds & 9 assists against VMI. He then had 28 points against Carnegie Tech and 29 points, 5 rebounds & 4 assists against Penn State. He followed it up with 29 points against Pittsburgh in the Backyard Brawl, 35 points & 6 rebounds against Furman, 28 points against VMI, and then 25 points & 24 rebounds against Richmond. He followed up with 25 points against Penn State and 28 points, 13 rebounds & 7 assists against Virginia Tech. He continued with 38 points against William & Mary, 40 points & 13 rebounds against St. John's, 31 points & 13 rebounds against William & Mary, and then 40 points & 7 rebounds against Pitt. He then had a season-high 42 points & 9 rebounds against Furman, then 26 points against Richmond.
Senior season
In his final collegiate season, in 1957, Hundley averaged 23.1 points and 10.5 rebounds per game. He began his senior season with 23 points and 9 rebounds in the first game, 25 points and 13 rebounds in the second game, and 28 points and 12 rebounds in the third game of the season. In the next contest against Penn State, Hundley scored 17 points and totaled 16 rebounds. He then had 25 points and 10 rebounds in the 83–82 upset over the Duke Blue Devils. He then had consecutive games of 24 points, the first with 9 rebounds and the second with 12. In the January 5 game against Furman, Hundley scored a career-high 54 points and grabbed 18 rebounds in the victory, a school record for points in a game. He followed the game up with a game of 32 points and then the following game with 34 points and 15 rebounds against Villanova. He then had three games of 21 points, 19 points and then 18 points. He then had a game of 30 points with 13 points against St. John's followed by a game of 34 points and 10 rebounds against VMI. He then had a five-game stretch of 32 points, 28 points, 23 points, 39 points, and 27 points and 20 rebounds.
Legacy
Hundley was the fourth player in NCAA history to score more than 2,000 points during his career—and he did it in three years, because freshman then could not play varsity basketball. He averaged 24.5 points and 10.6 rebounds per game for three seasons and finished his collegiate career with 2,180 points. He was a two-time, first team All-American and currently holds eight school records. He is one of only two Mountaineers to be drafted first overall in an NBA draft, with Mark Workman going first overall to the Milwaukee Hawks five years earlier in the 1952 NBA draft. Once on a trip back to West Virginia to play in a charity game at the WVU Coliseum, constructed more than 10 years after he left WVU, Rod was said to have told Basketball Hall of Famer and fellow WVU alumnus Jerry West: "I built this building." West retorted, "Yeah but I paid it off."
Hundley was also memorable in school history for his on-court antics. He was famous for dribbling the ball behind his back, spinning the ball on his finger, rolling it down his arm, and even going around his back. He also often took hook shots at the free throw line and also would hang off the rim waiting for a lob pass from a teammate.
In January 2010, WVU retired his number 33, making Hundley and West the only players in school history to be awarded the honor. On February 20, 2016, a bronze statue of him was unveiled outside the blue gate of the WVU Coliseum, joining the statue of West.
Professional career
In 1957, the Cincinnati Royals made Hundley the first pick of the NBA draft and immediately traded his rights to the Minneapolis Lakers. Hundley and Mark Workman, who also attended West Virginia, (1957 NBA draft) are the only No. 1 overall draft picks to come from the same high school.
Hundley played for the Lakers in Minneapolis and Los Angeles from 1957 until 1963, averaging 8.4 points per game and recording over 1,400 assists. He also played in two All Star games. His best season came in the 1959–60 season, when he averaged 12.8 points, 5.3 rebounds, and 4.6 assists per game. On February 1, 1960, Hundley recorded a triple-double, a feat even more notable in his era, with 17 points, 10 rebounds, and 10 assists. On February 28, he scored a career high 33 points in a loss against the Philadelphia Warriors. That postseason, Hundley and the Lakers nearly made it back to the NBA Finals for the second year in a row, but lost in a tough seven-game series to Bob Pettit and the St. Louis Hawks in the Western Division Finals, where Hundley averaged 10.9 points, 6.6 rebounds, and 6.1 assists per game. The following year, during the 1960-61 NBA season, Hundley got teamed up with fellow Mountaineer legend Jerry West, as he was drafted in that year's draft.
Hundley finished his six-year professional career at age 28 (in 1963) due to his bad knees. His career totals were 3,625 points, 1,420 rebounds and 1,455 assists in his six seasons.
Broadcasting career
After his retirement, Hundley moved to the broadcast booth, working four seasons for the Phoenix Suns and four seasons for the Los Angeles Lakers. In the early 1970s, he also teamed with Dick Enberg to call syndicated college basketball for TVS. Hundley was an NBA announcer for five years for CBS, where he called four All-Star Games; he worked two All-Star Games on ABC Radio.
In 1974, Hundley became the first radio and television voice of the expansion New Orleans Jazz. He followed them to Salt Lake City in 1979, where he became as celebrated a broadcaster as he was a player. He was known for his rapid-fire style and sayings such as "from the parking lot" for a long-distance shot, or "with a gentle push and a mild arc and the old cowhide globe hits home" for a jump shot.
For many years, Hundley's broadcasts were simulcast on both television and radio, but the league forced the Jazz to end this practice starting with the 2005–2006 season, when Craig Bolerjack took over television duties. Hot Rod continued to provide the radio voice for the Jazz for four more seasons. As the decade wore on, nearly all NBA teams eventually moved radio broadcasters from court-side to perches high above the court, and the strain on Hundley's surgically replaced hips and knees became too much for him to bear. He announced his retirement on April 24, 2009, effective at the end of the season.
After retirement, Hundley surfaced alongside Joel Meyers on KCAL's televised Lakers broadcasts as a fill-in color commentator for Stu Lantz.
In 2000, Hundley graduated from WVU with a bachelor's degree, 43 years after leaving his alma mater without a degree to play in the NBA. In 1982, he was on the NCAA Silver Anniversary All-America Team for distinguished service. In 1992, he was inducted into the WVU Sports Hall of Fame. He received the NBA's Distinguished Broadcaster award in 1994. In 2003, he received the Curt Gowdy Media Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame – the only former professional player to achieve such an honor. In June 2004, he was voted into the Utah Broadcast Hall of Fame. He co-authored the book Hot Rod Hundley: You Gotta Love It Baby in 1998 with Tom McEachin; Bill Libby also wrote a biographical book about Hundley, Clown: No. 33 in Your Program, No. 1 in Your Heart, in 1970.
A newspaper once incorrectly reported Hundley wrote a book entitled The Man With a Lot to Smile About, and other sources have persisted in repeating the error.
Film appearances
Hundley appeared in the 2006 movie Church Ball starring Fred Willard and Clint Howard. He had also been in talks for a movie that would have showcased his early childhood and basketball career.
Personal life and death
During the off-season, Hundley regularly conducted basketball clinics around the country and worked with charities in the Salt Lake City area until withdrawing from the public eye due to Alzheimer's disease in his final years. For a time, he also hosted the Hot Rod Hundley Celebrity Golf Tournament to benefit the Salt Lake Shriners Hospital.
Hundley died at the age of 80 in Phoenix, Arizona on March 27, 2015.
Honors
In 1992, Hundley was inducted into the West Virginia University Sports Hall of Fame.
Hundley received the NBA's Distinguished Broadcaster award in 1994.
In 2003, Hundley received the Curt Gowdy Media Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
In 2004,Hundley was inducted into the Utah Broadcast Hall of Fame.
On January 23, 2010, Hundley's #33 Jersey was retired by West Virginia University. (After the halftime ceremony, Hundley took a basketball and made a hook shot to a standing ovation.)
Hundley was inducted into the Southern Conference Hall of Fame in 2010.
In 2016, a statue of Hundley was dedicated and placed outside the WVU Coliseum at West Virginia University.
Media
Hundley is the subject of "Hot Rod The Documentary, the Untold Story of Hot Rod Hundley." The documentary was production of Pikewood Creative.
References
External links
1934 births
2015 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from West Virginia
Charleston High School (West Virginia) alumni
Cincinnati Royals draft picks
College basketball announcers in the United States
Los Angeles Lakers announcers
Los Angeles Lakers players
Minneapolis Lakers players
National Basketball Association broadcasters
National Basketball Association All-Stars
New Orleans Jazz announcers
Phoenix Suns announcers
Point guards
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Charleston, West Virginia
Sportspeople from Salt Lake City
Utah Jazz announcers
West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball players
National Basketball Association first-overall draft picks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Rod%20Hundley |
The Treatise of the Three Impostors () was a long-rumored book denying all three Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, with the "impostors" of the title being Jesus, Moses, and Muhammad. Hearsay concerning such a book surfaces by the 13th century and circulates through the 17th century. Authorship of the hoax book was variously ascribed to Jewish, Muslim, and Christian writers. Fabrications of the text eventually begin clandestine circulation, with a notable French underground edition Traité sur les trois imposteurs first appearing in 1719.
Timeline of the myth
Traité sur les trois imposteurs, from 1719
The work that came to be known by this name was published in the early eighteenth century. There were eight published editions, from 1719 to 1793. There was also clandestine circulation. The Traité sur les trois imposteurs has been reckoned the most important example of the underground literature in French of the period.
The work purported to be a text handed down from generation to generation. It can be traced to the circle around Prosper Marchand, who included Jean Aymon and Jean Rousset de Missy. It detailed how the three major figures of Biblical religion in fact misrepresented what had happened to them.
According to Silvia Berti, the book was originally published as La Vie et L'Esprit de Spinosa (The Life and Spirit of Spinoza), containing both a biography of Benedict Spinoza and the anti-religious essay, and was later republished under the title Traité sur les trois imposteurs. The creators of the book have been identified by documentary evidence as Jean Rousset de Missy and the bookseller Charles Levier. The author of the book may have been a young Dutch diplomat called Jan Vroesen or Vroese. Another candidate, to whom Levier attributed the work, is Jean-Maximilien Lucas. Israel places its composition in the 1680s.
The content of the Traité has been traced primarily to Spinoza, but with subsequent additions drawn from the ideas of Pierre Charron, Thomas Hobbes, François de La Mothe Le Vayer, Gabriel Naudé and Lucilio Vanini. The reconstruction of the group of authors, given the original text, goes as far as Levier and others such as Aymon and Rousset de Missy. An account based on the testimony of the brother of the publisher Caspar Fritsch, an associate of Marchand, has Levier in 1711 borrowing the original text from Benjamin Furly.
Events from 1719
As trope
It has been suggested that the "three impostors" as trope can be seen as the negative form of the "ring parable", as used in Lessing's Nathan the Wise.
References
Further reading
External links
Full Text of Müller's De Tribus Impostoribus provided by infidels.org
Müller's Tribus Impostoribus in the original Latin, provided by Bibliotheca Augustana (archive)
Bio on Friedrick II -- subheading "Struggle with the papacy." (3/5ths of the way down the page) from the Encyclopædia Britannica
Books critical of religion
Literary forgeries
Treatises | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatise%20of%20the%20Three%20Impostors |
Candy Ass is the eighth studio album by American singer-songwriter and lead vocalist of American Music Club, Mark Eitzel. It was released on October 3, 2005, by Cooking Vinyl.
Critical reception
Candy Ass was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 51 based on 11 reviews.
In a review for AllMusic, Mark Deming said: "Candy Ass largely finds Eitzel exploring his interest in electronic music, with most of it apparently recorded by the artist all by his lonesome. While The Invisible Man found Eitzel finding a warmth and humanity deep in his masses of loops and samples, Candy Ass sounds considerably colder and less inviting, and the several instrumental cuts on the album are a severe miscalculation." Ryan Dombal of Pitchfork gave the album a four out of ten rating, calling the release a "bore of a detour". At PopMatters, Zeth Lundy wrote: "Eitzel's amateur electronic dabbling, dated and nondescript, suffocates the already stagnant snippets of recycled melodies and exhausted tempos. Candy Ass has an overabundance of maniacal house, club thumping, and digital depections of real instrumentation, but none of it ever serves the songs appropriately."
Track listing
References
External links
2005 albums
Mark Eitzel albums
Cooking Vinyl albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy%20Ass |
In electronics, a Ling adder is a particularly fast binary adder designed using H. Ling's equations and generally implemented in BiCMOS. Samuel Naffziger of Hewlett-Packard presented an innovative 64 bit adder in 0.5 μm CMOS based on Ling's equations at ISSCC 1996. The Naffziger adder's delay was less than 1 nanosecond, or 7 FO4.
Equations
4-bit Ling adder, Sklansky architecture:
gm1=0
pm1=0
p0 = a0 OR b0
g0 = a0 AND b0
d0 = a0 XOR b0
p1 = a1 OR b1
g1 = a1 AND b1
d1 = a1 XOR b1
p2 = a2 OR b2
g2 = a2 AND b2
d2 = a2 XOR b2
p3 = a3 OR b3
g3 = a3 AND b3
d3 = a3 XOR b3
'Level1----------------Distance=2^0=1
'(G,P) = (g,p) o (g,p)=(g,p)
'GLi = gi OR gi-1
'PLi = pi AND pi-1 'Distance=1
GLm1 = 0 'for k<0
PLm2 = 0 'for k<0
'(GL0,PLm1)
GL0 = g0 OR gm1
PLm1=0 'for k<0
'(GL1,PL0)
GL1 = g1 OR g0
PL0 = p0 AND pm1 'Distance=1
'(GL3,PL2)
GL3 = g3 OR g2
PL2 = p2 AND p1 'Distance=1
'Level2---------------------------Distance=2^1=2
'(G,P) = (g,p) o (g',p') = (g OR (p AND g'),p AND p')
'G=g OR (p AND p')
'P= p AND p'
'(GL2,PL1) o (GL1,PLm1) '
GL21 = g2 OR p1 AND GL1 '
'(GL3,PL2) o (GL1,PL0) '
GL31 = GL3 OR PL2 AND GL1 '
'Ling PsevdoCarry (H)-------------------
Hm1 = GLm1 'Ling PsevdoCarry
H0 = g0 'Ling PsevdoCarry
H1 = GL1 'Ling PsevdoCarry
H2 = GL21 'Ling PsevdoCarry
H3 = GL31 'Ling PsevdoCarry
'SUM-------------------------------------------------
'si=(/Hi-1 AND di) OR (Hi-1 AND (di XOR pi-1))
s0 = (1-Hm1) AND d0 OR Hm1 AND (d0 XOR pm1) 's0=d0
s1 = (1-H0 ) AND d1 OR H0 AND (d1 XOR p0 )
s2 = (1-H1 ) AND d2 OR H1 AND (d2 XOR p1 )
s3 = (1-H2 ) AND d3 OR H2 AND (d3 XOR p2 )
s4 = p3 AND H3 'Cout=s4
References
External links
H. Ling, "High Speed Binary Parallel Adder", IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, EC-15, p. 799-809, October, 1966.
H. Ling, "High-Speed Binary Adder", IBM J. Res. Dev., vol.25, p. 156-66, 1981.
R. W. Doran, "Variants on an Improved Carry Look-Ahead Adder", IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol.37, No.9, September 1988.
N. T. Quach, M. J. Flynn, "High-Speed Addition in CMOS", IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol.41, No.12, December, 1992.
S. Naffziger, "High Speed Addition Using Ling's Equations and Dynamic CMOS Logic", U.S. Patent No. 5,719,803, Issued: February 17, 1998.
G. Dimitrakopoulos, D. Nikolos, "High-Speed Parallel-Prefix VLSI Ling Adders", IEEE Transaction on Computers, Vol.54, No.2, February, 2005.
Adders (electronics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%20adder |
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), also known as α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase (KIC dioxygenase), is an Fe(II)-containing non-heme oxygenase that catalyzes the second reaction in the catabolism of tyrosine - the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. HPPD also catalyzes the conversion of phenylpyruvate to 2-hydroxyphenylacetate and the conversion of α-ketoisocaproate to β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate. HPPD is an enzyme that is found in nearly all aerobic forms of life.
Enzyme mechanism
HPPD is categorized within a class of oxygenase enzymes that usually utilize α-ketoglutarate and diatomic oxygen to oxygenate or oxidize a target molecule. However, HPPD differs from most molecules in this class due to the fact that it does not use α-ketoglutarate, and it only utilizes two substrates while adding both atoms of diatomic oxygen into the product, homogentisate. The HPPD reaction occurs through a NIH shift and involves the oxidative decarboxylation of an α-oxo acid as well as aromatic ring hydroxylation. The NIH-shift, which has been demonstrated through isotope-labeling studies, involves migration of an alkyl group to form a more stable carbocation. The shift, accounts for the observation that C3 is bonded to C4 in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate but to C5 in homogentisate. The predicted mechanism of HPPD can be seen in the following figure:
Structure
HPPD is an enzyme that usually bonds to form tetramers in bacteria and dimers in eukaryotes and has a subunit mass of 40-50 kDa. Dividing the enzyme into the N-terminus and C-terminus one will notice that the N-terminus varies in composition while the C-terminus remains relatively constant (the C-terminus in plants does differ slightly from the C-terminus in other beings). In 1999 the first X-ray crystallography structure of HPPD was created and since then it has been discovered that the active site of HPPD is composed entirely of residues near the C-terminus of the enzyme. The active site of HPPD has not been completely mapped, but it is known that the site consists of an iron ion surrounded by amino acids extending inward from beta sheets (with the exception of the C-terminal helix). While even less is known about the function of the N-terminus of the enzyme, scientists have discovered that a single amino acid change in the N-terminal region can cause the disease known as hawkinsinuria.
Function
In nearly all aerobic beings, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is responsible for converting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. This conversion is one of many steps in breaking L-tyrosine into acetoacetate and fumarate. While the overall products of this cycle are used to create energy, plants and higher order eukaryotes utilize HPPD for a much more important reason. In eukaryotes, HPPD is used to regulate blood tyrosine levels, and plants utilize this enzyme to help produce the cofactors plastoquinone and tocopherol which are essential for the plant to survive.
Disease relevance
HPPD can be linked to one of the oldest known inherited metabolic disorders known as alkaptonuria, which is caused by high levels of homogentisate in the blood stream. HPPD is also directly linked to Type III tyrosinemia When the active HPPD enzyme concentration is low in the human body, it results in high levels of tyrosine concentration in the blood, which can cause mild mental retardation at birth, and degradation in vision as a patient grows older.
In Type I tyrosinemia, a different enzyme, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase is mutated and doesn't work, leading to very harmful products building up in the body. Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase acts on tyrosine after HPPD does, so scientists working on making herbicides in the class of HPPD inhibitors hypothesized that inhibiting HPPD and controlling tyrosine in the diet could treat this disease. A series of small clinical trials were attempted with one of their compounds, nitisinone were conducted and were successful, leading to nitisinone being brought to market as an orphan drug.
Industrial relevance
Due to HPPD’s role in producing necessary cofactors in plants, there are several marketed HPPD inhibitor herbicides that block activity of this enzyme, and research underway to find new ones.
References
Further reading
EC 1.13.11 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate%20dioxygenase |
Raymond Daudel (2 February 1920 – 20 June 2006) was a French theoretical and quantum chemist.
Trained as a physicist, he was an assistant to Irène Joliot-Curie at the Radium Institute. Daudel spent almost the entirety of his career as professor at the Sorbonne and director of a laboratory of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). He is quoted as saying that the latter "was much better because the CNRS was very rich". This allowed Daudel to attract many co-workers from elsewhere in France and internationally.
Raymond Daudel was Officier de la Légion d'honneur and Officier de l'Ordre National du Mérite. He served as President of the European Academy of Arts Sciences and Humanities, in Paris, France. Daudel was a founding member and Honorary President of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.
An author as well as an academic, Raymond Daudel authored several books, including Quantum chemistry, originally with R. Lefebyre and C. Moser in 1959 (Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York) and later with G. Leroy, D. Peeters, and M. Sana, published by Wiley in 1983. He was responsible for the organization of the first International Congress in Quantum Chemistry, held in Menton, France in 1973.
References
20th-century French chemists
1920 births
2006 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Theoretical chemists
Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Daudel |
Hawsepiper is an informal maritime industry term used to refer to a merchant ship's officer who began his or her career as an unlicensed merchant seaman and did not attend a traditional maritime college or academy to earn an officer's license.
A ship's hawsepipe is the pipe passing through the bow section of a ship that the anchor chain passes through. Hawsepiper refers to climbing up the hawsepipe, a nautical metaphor for climbing up the ship's rank structure. This is in turn derived from the traditional British Naval usage of "came up through the hawsehole", referring to sailors who first entered the ship as foremast jacks before becoming officers, metaphorically by climbing up the hawser rather than being received directly onto the quarterdeck.
There is also the phrase, "going down the hawse pipe" which refers to an officer who cannot find a ship's billet and signs on as an ordinary seaman or wiper.
Several merchant seamen's unions offer their members the required training to help them advance, and some employers offer financial assistance to pay for the training for their employees. Otherwise, the mariner must pay the cost of the required training.
Since the requirements of STCW '95 were enacted there have been complaints that the hawsepiper progression path has been made too difficult because of the cost in time and money to meet formal classroom training requirements. Critics said that the newer requirements would eventually lead to a shortage of qualified mariners, especially in places like the United States.
See also
Licensed mariner
Third mate
Third Assistant Engineer
References
Marine occupations
Nautical terminology
de:Klüse
es:Escobén
fr:Écubier
nl:Kluisgat
no:Klyss
sv:Ankarklys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawsepiper |
Roland Fraïssé (; 12 March 1920 – 30 March 2008) was a French mathematical logician.
Life
Fraïssé received his doctoral degree from the University of Paris in 1953. In his thesis, Fraïssé used the back-and-forth method to determine whether two model-theoretic structures were elementarily equivalent. This method of determining elementary equivalence was later formulated as the Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game.
Fraïssé worked primarily in relation theory. Another of his important works was the Fraïssé construction of a Fraïssé limit of finite structures.
He also formulated Fraïssé's conjecture on order embeddings, and introduced the notion of compensor in the theory of posets.
Most of his career was spent as Professor at the University of Provence in Marseille, France.
Selected publications
Sur quelques classifications des systèmes de relations, thesis, University of Paris, 1953; published in Publications Scientifiques de l'Université d'Alger, series A 1 (1954), 35–182.
Cours de logique mathématique, Paris: Gauthier-Villars Éditeur, 1967; second edition, 3 vols., 1971–1975; tr. into English and ed. by David Louvish as Course of Mathematical Logic, 2 vols., Dordrecht: Reidel, 1973–1974.
Theory of relations, tr. into English by P. Clote, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986; rev. ed. 2000.
References
French logicians
Model theorists
Academic staff of the University of Provence
20th-century French mathematicians
21st-century French mathematicians
1920 births
2008 deaths
Mathematical logicians
French male non-fiction writers
20th-century French philosophers
20th-century French male writers
University of Paris alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20Fra%C3%AFss%C3%A9 |
The Decatur City Schools is a school system located in the city of Decatur, Alabama, and is home to seven of Alabama's International Baccalaureate schools.
The school system is also the second largest employer in Decatur.
Basic Overview
Decatur's spending per student is one of the highest in the state, and higher than many places in the nation.
The Decatur City School District was the first in North Alabama to offer the International Baccalaureate Programme. The system contains two IB Diploma Programme schools in the high schools, and two IB Primary Years Programme schools in the two magnet schools and three IB Middle Years Programme schools in the three middle schools. The Primary Years accredited schools are the first, and currently only, in Alabama. The Middle Years accredited schools are also the first and currently only in Alabama.
Assets and achievements
Source:
Decatur City Schools was the first school system in Alabama to join a partnership with the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.
High school bands have a longstanding history of superior ratings:
Decatur High School leads the state of Alabama with the most Superior Ratings at State Competition, with 57 superiors, since the competition's formation in 1946.
Decatur High School also has never received less than a Superior Rating at any District Competition since its formation.
Austin High School has the longest string of Superior Ratings at State Competition.
The school system contains more International Baccalaureate Accredited schools than any other system in the State of Alabama.
It is the only system with two IB Diploma high schools.
It is the only system in the state that houses any elementary schools that have received IB Primary Years accreditation.
It is the only system in the state that houses any elementary schools that have received IB Middle Years accreditation.
Schools
See also
Decatur, Alabama
References
Sources
School districts in Alabama
Education in Morgan County, Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decatur%20City%20Schools |
Taquaritinga is a city in the Central North area of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 57,364 (2020 est.) in an area of 594 km². The population is formed basically by European descendants (Italians, Spaniards, and Portuguese). Afro-Brazilians, and Japanese-Brazilians are important minority groups.
The climate is tropical of altitude with dry mild winter and hot rainy summer. The economy of the city is based in agrobusiness (sugarcane, orange, lemon, and fruits) and services. The city has an old and regionally famous music school (Conservatório Santa Cecília), an ETEC (Technical School), and three colleges. The most important of them, FATEC, is a public one with courses on technology. Clube Atlético Taquaritinga, founded in 1942, is the football club of the city. The club plays its home matches at Estádio Adail N. da Silva, which has a maximum capacity of approximately 20,000 people.
Notable people
Taquaritinga was the birthplace of:
Augusto Nunes (b. 1949): journalist
Edmílson José Gomes de Morais (b. 1976): footballer, 2002 FIFA World Cup champion
José Paulo Paes (b. July 22, 1926 - d. October 9, 1998) was a poet, translator, literary critic and essayist.
Luiz Araújo (b. 1996): footballer for Atlanta United
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taquaritinga |
Miguel Francisco Barragán Andrade (8 March 1789 – 1 March 1836) was a Mexican soldier and politician who served as interim president of Mexico in 1836. He had previously served as Governor of Veracruz, and gained national fame for the capture of the Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa in 1824, through which Spanish military presence was finally expelled from Mexico.
He initially was a supporter of the federalist Constitution of 1824, but became a partisan of the conservative Escoses Party, who strongly critiqued the Constitution, and would eventually transform the First Mexican Republic into the Centralist Republic of Mexico, a transition in which Barragán played a military role. During the Centralist Republic, he was nominated by Antonio López de Santa Anna to hold presidential office while Santa Anna went off to fight insurrections against the new constitution, including the Texas Revolution, but Barragán's poor health led him to die in office. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice, José Justo Corro.
Early life
Miguel Barragán was born in 1789, in the Valle del Maíz, San Luis Potosí. He attended school in the provincial capital and entered the military, and was as member of the Trigarantine Army upholding Agustin de Iturbide's Plan of Iguala. His opposition to the First Mexican Empire landed him in prison, but he was released when the Empire fell in 1823.
Governor of Veracruz
The Provisional Government of Mexico named him commandant-general of Veracruz in June 1824, and in September he was elected by the Veracruz legislature to be governor of the province. One of his first issues as governor was to deal with the remaining Spaniards in the Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa and he succeeded in blockading it.
He was a staunch supporter of the constitution, and when the State of Veracruz asked its civil servants to swear an oath to the new Constitution of 1824, he addressed the public assuring them that their rights and prosperity were now secured in the code they were about to swear an oath to, calling it ‘the dignified result of the patriotic efforts of our founding fathers.’
During his governorship, he passed notable regulations regarding the police, and he attended to his duties without losing focus on the ongoing situation with San Juan de Ulúa. His presence served to contain a revolution that broke out at Sacrificios. He received the American Minister Joel Poinsett, directing his authorities to attend to all his needs. He also received the minister of the Netherlands, Quartel, providing him funds to pay for his board.
Meanwhile, Barragán had established communications with the Spanish commander at San Juan de Ulúa, Brigadier Coppinger, through an English intermediary, and on November 5, 1824, the Spanish finally agreed to surrender the Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa. Mexican officials were sent to the fort to further negotiate, and the capitulation was ratified on November 18. On November 23, the Mexican flag was raised over the fort.
Barragán was awarded by the legislature of Veracruz with a ceremonial sword, and his troops. His name and that of the commanders who had played a key role in the capture of San Juan de Ulúa were inscribed in gold in the hall of sessions, and the term ‘heroic’ was added to the state of Veracruz. Barragán was received with celebrations in Jalapa, and the ayuntamiento of that town placed his portrait in the main hall, considering him to be the man who had finally completed Mexican independence.
After the capture of San Juan de Ulúa, Barragán returned to his administrative duties as governor. He asked the Ayuntamientos for information about idle lands, with the object of setting them aside for colonization, and he published the British recognition of Mexican independence. He ordered the municipal administration to record all taxes that came from public lands and from bonds be recorded in one file for the sake of accountability.
Role in Revolts
Barragán would now be caught up in the fierce partisan conflicts between the Yorkino Party and the Escoses Party. President Guadalupe Victoria was a member of the Yorkino Party while Barragán belonged to the Escoses Party. The former notably advocated an expulsion of the remaining Spaniards from the country. When the federal government sent Ignacio Esteva as state commissioner, Barragán expelled him from the state, which was legally an act of sedition. Barragán was implicated in an Escoses pronunciamiento, asking for the abolition of secret societies and the expulsion of Poinsett. Colonel José Rincón rose up in Veracruz against governor Barragán. The federal government sent General Guerrero to Xalapa where Barragán resided and succeeded in negotiating an agreement. Estava was placed as commissioner, and Barragán remained in the governorship, with Ignacio Mora in command of the military.
He participated in the Plan of Montaño, led by Vice President Nicolás Bravo. The insurrection failed, and Barragán was ironically imprisoned at San Juan de Ulúa, which he had captured shortly before, and then transported to the capital to be tried. He was tried together with Bravo, and their previous services to the nation contributed to the clemency that was shown by the court. In the end they were simply condemned to be banished, Barragán for six years. He was able to return to the country in 1829, due to an amnesty passed by President Vicente Guerrero.
Presidency
During the presidency of Anastasio Bustamante, Barragán was living in San Pedro, near Guadalajara. He was a critic of the Bustamante government and proposed a junta of eighteen notable citizens who could reform the country, leading to Barragán being attacked in the official newspaper.
He was named minister of war under the liberal administration of Valentín Gómez Farias, but he joined Santa Anna when the latter turned on Gómez Farías and overthrew him in April, 1834. The State of Jalisco opposed the overthrow of the government and Barragán was sent to gain their adherence along with General Quintanar. It was at this point, in January 1835, that Congress named Barragán as interim President in 1835.
President Barragán had to deal with an insurrection in May, 1835, led by Juan Álvarez in Texca, urging a return to the federal system. Petitions however came in from Orizaba, Toluca, and Jalapa urging rather to move away from the federal system and towards a centralized, unitary system of government. Another federalist insurrection in Zacatecas was pacified, and on October 23, 1835, the congress declared itself to be a constitutional congress. A new constitution was drafted by Francisco Sanchez Tagle and Lucas Alaman and was published throughout the nation at the end of the year.
Barragán sought to raise funds for the war effort against rebellious Texas, towards which Santa Anna was headed, and he also had to deal with insurrections fighting for the reestablishment of the federal system, led by Jose Antonio Mejia. Another federalist insurrection broke out in Tampico in December, 1835, but a majority of the garrison remained loyal and commander Gomez was able to reestablish order. The following day three vessels bearing mercenaries that set out from New Orleans overpowered the fort of La Barra through the betrayal of Commander Ortega, but they were defeated.
Barragán passed fierce measures to persecute army deserters and commanded that foreigners and arms being sent to aid the Texans, not be allowed to pass through any of the coastal states. His health, however began to swiftly decline. On his death bed, he was surrounded by friends, servants, and clergy. He died on March 1, 1836, shortly after kissing an icon of Christ, and was buried in the National Cathedral.
See also
List of heads of state of Mexico
References
Further reading
"Barragán, Miguel", Enciclopedia de México, v. 2. Mexico City, 1996, .
García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, .
External links
Short biography at El Balero (in Spanish).
Presidents of Mexico
Mexican Secretaries of Defense
Governors of Veracruz
Mexican generals
Mexican independence activists
1789 births
1836 deaths
19th-century Mexican military personnel
1830s in Mexico
Deaths from typhus
Infectious disease deaths in Mexico
Politicians from San Luis Potosí
19th-century Mexican politicians
People from Ciudad del Maíz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Barrag%C3%A1n |
Private Parts & Pieces is the third studio album by English musician and composer Anthony Phillips. It was released in November 1978 by Passport Records in the United States, and in April 1979 by Arista Records in the United Kingdom. Unlike his previous two releases, the album is a collection of demos, out-takes, and previously unreleased material rather than an explicit attempt at a commercial album.
Private Parts & Pieces received a limited edition with 5,000 copies sold as an accompaniment to his next studio release, Sides (1979). The success of the album's format inspired Phillips to continue with the series, and put out the second instalment, Private Parts & Pieces II: Back to the Pavilion, in 1980.
Background and recording
In early 1978, Phillips secured a three-album record deal with Arista Records which allowed for the UK release of his second studio album Wise After the Event (1978) in May of that year. He then started work on his next album which took a different direction than his previous two in regards to its content, as rather than making a conscious attempt at a produced and fully arranged album, he assembled pieces of acoustic music that he had written and recorded but remained unreleased. The main reason for the album was that Phillips had learned from his manager Tony Smith that musician and producer Brian Eno had formed a record label primarily focused on instrumental music. However, Phillips recalled that the label was disinterested in the tracks as it wanted to feature more ambient and synthesised music.
The idea was discarded until Phillips was making his fourth studio album Sides (1979) when Arista Records agreed to package the first 5,000 copies of Sides with Private Parts & Pieces as a free accompaniment. Phillips felt particularly lucky with Arista agreeing to put out the album as he deemed it "the best of the home recordings" with tracks that were "simple, a bit rough at the edges" with substandard presentation but were strong in character and emotion. Whereas before Phillips gave reasons why not to include a track on an album he was making, producing Private Parts & Pieces made the excuses no longer matter.
The songs on Private Parts & Pieces were recorded between 1972 and 1976 at Send Barns, a recording facility set-up at the home of Phillips's parents in Woking, Surrey. He is credited as the album's co-producer with duties also completed by Harry Williamson. The earliest pieces were put down on a Revox 2-track tape machine before Phillips installed a TEAC 4-track with added Dolby noise reduction. The 12-string guitar played on the album was built by Rivers Jobe, one of Phillips's former school bandmates in Anon. In a 2014 interview, Phillips revealed that a radio broadcast can be heard in the background in the opening of one of the album's tracks. After completing the initial mixes himself, problems arose when Phillips handed the completed tracks to Ray Staff for mastering at London's Trident Studios as his inexperience had caused numerous technical errors which Staff had to correct.
The album's artwork was designed and illustrated by artist Peter Cross, who depicted a soldier going off to war in the winter and returning home during a summer. Phillips had high praise for Cross's design, rating it among his best.
Music
"Beauty and the Beast" is a piano piece that was recorded in 1972, the first of two pieces on the album recorded that year, and inspired upon Phillips hearing one of Chopin's piano nocturnes. It features Phillips on piano, a pin piano, an acoustic classical guitar. Phillips noted the track was recorded in four hours, and developed at a time when he experimented his technique such as playing at different speeds. It was recorded in "fake stereo" as he flipped from one track to another during the piece, resulting in the two tracks running slightly out of sync, but it ended up "fast enough not to matter". "Field of Eternity" is a classical guitar piece written in 1972 and recorded in 1976, credited to Phillips and his former Genesis bandmate Mike Rutherford. It is derived from what Phillips calls a "massive, straggly" composition of the same name; it contains themes from a movement of "Flamingo" that was ultimately discarded and a small section of what Phillips calls "an old, unrecorded Genesis song" in the album notes. Following the release of the Genesis Archive 1967–75 (1998) box set, it became clear that the Genesis song in question (not actually "unrecorded") was "Pacidy". "Tibetan Yak-Music" was recorded on a 12-string guitar with unconventional tuning accompanied by what Phillips described as "graphics" from Williamson who created vocal-like effects at the end of the piece, and changed the graphic equalisation on the guitar track so it changes in timbre multiple times. Phillips described the track as "virtually improvised". It originated from sessions with Harry Williamson in early 1976 that were scheduled for a television soundtrack based on Tarka the Otter. "Lullaby–Old Father Time" is performed on four guitars: one acoustic 12-string, two acoustic 6-strings, and one electric guitar. "Harmonium in the Dust (or Harmonious Stradosphore)" features Phillips playing a harmonium and Fender Stratocaster. He did not own a synthesiser at the time of recording, so he used a harmonium as it could make a sustained note. "Tregenna Afternoons" is the second track on the album composed in 1972. It takes its name from Phillips's time at Tregenna Castle in Cornwall that overlooks St Ives Bay. Phillips wrote "Reaper" in 1970, shortly after his departure from Genesis, and wrote "Autumnal" in 1972. "Flamingo" is the first movement to a proposed 12-string guitar concerto.
Release
Arista released Private Parts & Pieces as an accompaniment to Phillips's next "full" studio release Sides (1979), with an initial print of 5,000 copies. Phillips originally intended to have Private Parts & Pieces as a one-off album concept, but it was enough of a success for him to continue with the series featuring tracks "not on large scale" and "homely". The second edition, Private Parts & Pieces II: Back to the Pavilion, was released in April 1980.
Reissues
The 1990 CD reissue of Private Parts & Pieces included two new, solo recordings of material that date from Phillips' time in Genesis. These songs were a new recording of "Stranger", a track from 1969, and a demo version of "Silver Song".
In 2010, as part of Voiceprint's re-issue campaign of Phillips' back catalogue, the album was re-issued as a double CD with Private Parts and Pieces II: Back to the Pavilion. This release is newly remastered by Simon Heyworth, retains the two bonus tracks from the previous CD release, and adds a new bonus track, "Movement IV from Guitar Quintet", which was recorded in 1976 and had never been released.
On 11 September 2015, Esoteric Recordings released a 5-disc box set containing the first four volumes in the Private Parts & Pieces series and a fifth disc of previously unreleased material.
Track listing
All songs written by Anthony Phillips except "Field of Eternity", co-written by Mike Rutherford.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the album's 1978 sleeve notes.
Music
Anthony Phillips – 12-string guitar, classical guitar, piano, Fender Stratocaster, pin piano, harmonium, vocals
Harry "Piranhaphone" Williamson – "graphics" on "Tibetan Yak-Music"
Production
Anthony Phillips – production (except "Tibetan Yak-Music")
Harry Williamson – production ("Tibetan Yak-Music" only)
Ray Staff – mixing and mastering at Trident Studios, London
Dave Powell – equipment
Peter Cross – artwork
Brian Murray-Smith – management
Tony Smith – management
References
Sources
1979 albums
Anthony Phillips albums
Passport Records albums
Arista Records albums
Virgin Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20Parts%20%26%20Pieces |
Saritha is an Indian actress who has acted in more than 500 films in Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu languages. She was one of the popular and critically acclaimed lead actresses during the 1980s. She also appeared in a television serial, Selvi. She is also credited as a dubbing artist. She has dubbed her voice for Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu movies for actresses like Nagma, Vijayashanti, Tabu, Sushmita Sen, Ramya Krishnan and Soundarya in 1990s.
She is a recipient of several state awards from Tamil, Telugu and Kannada, six Filmfare Awards and six Nandi Awards including a Special Jury Award for the film Arjun. Saritha received Tamil Nadu State Film Awards four times, Karnataka State Film Awards once and many Film fans association award.
Career
Saritha made her acting debut through Manchiki Sthanam Ledu a movie produced by producer based in Warangal in 1978 with a different screen name followed by Maro Charitra, a Telugu film directed by K. Balachander. The movie dealt with cross-cultural romance, where she acted opposite Kamal Haasan as a Telugu-speaking girl. She received more offers in Tamil films and Tamil Audience accepted herself as her own,she mostly acted films directed by Balachander. Some of her films are Thappu Thalangal, Idi Katha Kaadu, Vandichakkaram, Netrikan, Agni Sakshi, Puthukavithai, Kalyana Agathigal and Achamillai Achamillai. Her performance in Vandichakkaram (1980) and Achamillai Achamillai (1984) won her the Filmfare Best Tamil Actress awards. She also played guest roles as herself in 47 Natkal and its Telugu remake, directed by Balachander.
She acted in many popular Kannada movies with famous Kannada actor Dr. Rajkumar like Hosa Belaku, Keralida Simha, Bhakta Prahlada, Chalisuva Modagalu and Kaamana Billu. Her other popular Kannada movies include the heroine-oriented Eradu Rekhegalu and Sankranthi and the musical Malaya Marutha opposite Dr. Vishnuvardhan.
She had her head tonsured for the cancer-affected role in Sujatha in 1980 and gained several pounds to play the psychotic role in the 2005 film Julie Ganapathi. Neither of these films were successful but won Critical acclaim. She also won a Nandi Special Jury Award for her performance as "Aandaalu" in the movie Arjun in 2004.
Saritha also worked as a voice actor in Kannada, Telugu and Tamil films. She has lent her voice to other actresses, including Madhavi, Soundarya, Ramya Krishnan, Nagma, Vijayashanti, Simran, Tabu, Sushmita Sen, Roja, Suhasini, Radha, Radhika and Aarthi Agarwal. She won four times the Nandi Award for Best Female Dubbing Artist for her voice to Soundarya in Ammoru, Maa Ayana Bangaram (1997) and Anthapuram (1999).
After a long break, she made her comeback as an actress through the Sivakarthikeyan-starrer film Maaveeran (2023).
Personal life
Saritha was born and brought up as Durga in Munipalle, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Saritha married Venkata Subbiah in 1975 though they separated after a year, their case involving the restitution of conjugal rights has become important in Hindu marriage law in India. She then married Malayalam actor Mukesh on 2 September 1988 and they have two sons, Shravan and Tejas. The couple separated in 2011. Saritha now resides with Shravan (made his acting debut in the 2018 film Kalyanam) in UAE.
Awards
Filmfare Awards South
1980 – Best Actress – Tamil - Vandichakkaram
1982 – Best Actress – Kannada - Hosa Belaku
1984 – Best Actress – Tamil - Achamillai Achamillai
1985 – Best Actress – Kannada - Mugila Mallige
1986 – Best Actress – Kannada - Mouna Geethe
1989 – Best Actress – Kannada - Sankranthi
Nandi Awards
1982 – Special Jury – Best Actress - Kokilamma
1995 – Best Female Dubbing Artist - Ammoru
1996 – Best Female Dubbing Artist - Maavichiguru
1997 – Best Female Dubbing Artist - Maa Ayana Bangaram
1998 – Best Female Dubbing Artist - Anthapuram
2004 – Special Jury - Arjun
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards
Kalaimamani Award from Tamil Nadu State
1979 – Best Actress - Oru Vellaadu Vengaiyagiradhu
1982 – Best Actress - Agni Sakshi
1988 – Best Actress - Poo Pootha Nandavanam
1995 – Best Female Dubbing Artist – Amman (1995)
Karnataka State Film Awards
1989 – Best Actress - Sankranthi
Filmography
Tamil films
Malayalam films
Oru Kochu Kadha Aarum Parayatha Kadha (1984) as Janu
Sandarbham (1984) as Dr.Indhu
Minimol Vathikkaanil (1984) as Susie
Kaathodu Kaathoram (1985) as Marykutty
Muhoortham 11:30 (1985) as Indu
Kaattuthee (1985)
Oru Kochu Kaaryam (1985)
Kanikaanumneram (1987) as Savithri
Yaagaagni (1987) as Bhairavi
P.C. 369 (1987) as Elsa Mathew
Manasa Maine Varu (1987) as Lakshmi
Thaniyavarthanam (1987) as Indu Balan
Vilambaram (1987) as Sunanda
Sangham (1988) ... Ammini
Onnum Onnum Pathinonnu (1988) as Sumi
Anuragi (1989) as Rosamma
Lal Americayil (1989) as Sindhu
Kuttettan (1990) as Seetha Lakshmi
Souhrudam (1991) as Annie
Life Is Beautiful (2000) as Vice Principal
Ammakilikkoodu (2003) as Janaki
Chakravaalam
Kannada films
Telugu films
Maro Charitra (1978) as Swapna
Manchiki Sthanam Ledu (1979)
Idi Katha Kaadu (1979) as Gayathri
Guppedu Manasu (1979) as Baby
Vijaya (1979) as Vijaya
Tholi Kodi Koosindi (1980)
Gutilo Ramachilaka (1980)
Srirasthu Shubamasthu (1981) as Devi
Athagari Pethanam (1981)
47 Rojulu (1981)
Rama Dandu (1981)
Aadavallu Meeku Joharulu (1981) as Papayamma
Chandamama (1982)
Kalahala Kapuram (1982) as Krishnaveni
Kokilamma (1983) as Kokilamma
Prema Sagaram (1983)
Thodu Needa (1983) as Sharada
Kanchana Ganga (1984) as Kanchana
Bhagyalakshmi (1984)
Bala Yesu (1984)
Kala Rudrudu (1985)
Anuraga Bandham (1985)
Kaliyuga Pandavulu (1986) as Krishnaveni
Satyagraham (1987)
Shivude Shankarudu (1988) as Dr. Kavitha
Arjun (2004) as Andal
Television
As dubbing artist
Films
Television
References
External links
Living people
Indian film actresses
Indian voice actresses
Indian television actresses
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Filmfare Awards South winners
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Andhra Pradesh
People from Guntur district
Actresses in Tamil television
1960 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saritha |
Artisan Sound Recorders was one of Southern California's premier disk mastering facilities. It was founded by Robert M. MacLeod Jr. in the 1960s, and acquired by Kent Duncan in 1979 when MacLeod retired. In the early 1990s, it was sold to Jon Lowry.
More than 500 gold and platinum recordings were recorded and or mastered at Artisan, including hit records by Bone Thugs Eminem, and John B. Artisan's engineering staff included Bob MacLeod, John Golden, Kevin Gray, Jo Hansch, Jon Lowry, and Aaron Connor.
External links
http://www.artisan-sound-recorders.com/index.html Jon Lowry's Official site (owner of Artisan Sound Recorders since 1993)
Recording studios in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisan%20Sound%20Recorders |
Straight to Hell is the third studio album by American musician Hank Williams III, released on February 28, 2006, by Bruc Records, an imprint of Curb Records.
In largely self-produced sessions recorded at a band member's home, Williams and the Damn Band recorded traditional country music, western swing and bluegrass songs which focus on drug use, hedonism and the outlaw life, as well as criticism of the mainstream country music industry. These songs make up the first disc, while the second disc consists of a sound collage of psychedelic music.
Recording
After the recording of Williams' previous album, Lovesick, Broke and Driftin' (2002), Williams would not release new music for another four years due to a contractual dispute with Curb Records. Upon resolving the dispute, Williams decided to produce and record his next album independently.
Music
The album consists of two discs. The first disc consists of country, western swing and bluegrass songs which fused the "tempo and structure of bluegrass" with the "attitude and swagger of heavy metal". The album's lyrical themes include drug use, hedonism and the outlaw life, as well as criticism of the mainstream country music industry.
The album opens up with a sample of the Louvin Brothers' "Satan Is Real", which leads into the title track. Williams states that lyrical inspiration came from his very conservative religious mother, as well as an interest in Satan and Satanism.
"Dick In Dixie" was written as a criticism of country pop, which Williams views as being antithetical to traditional country music. Williams' criticisms of the mainstream country music industry are contrasted with a lyrical reverence for traditional country music artists displayed in songs such as "Country Heroes" in which he references country music artists that inspired him, including Hank Williams Sr., Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, George Jones and David Allan Coe. In the lyrics of "Not Everybody Likes Us", Williams addresses the rumor that Kid Rock is the son of Hank Williams Jr.
The second disc consists of a sound collage of psychedelic music It includes two tracks, "Louisiana Stripes", and a hidden track consisting of a medley of other Williams compositions along with covers of Hank Williams Sr.'s "I Could Never Be Ashamed Of You", Cheech & Chong's "Up in Smoke" and Wayne Hancock's "Take My Pain", all linked with various soundbites and sound effects such as voice mail messages, passing trains, runaway horses, a creek, a funeral, pig snorts, backmasking, and bong hits.
Release
Straight to Hell was released as a double album on February 28, 2006 by Bruc Records, an imprint of Curb Records, on compact disc in explicit and clean edited editions, as well as on vinyl.
On his website, Williams encourages fans to support independent record outlets that are more willing to stock the uncensored version of the album.
Reception
Mark Deming of Allmusic gave the album 4 out of 5, writing, "There's a pure and soulful musical vision at the heart of Straight to Hell no matter how much Hank III lashes out against the confines of current country music and messes with the form, and that's what makes him most valuable as an outlaw -- there's lots of long-haired dope-smoking rednecks out there, but not many that can tap into the sweet and dirty heart of American music the way Hank III does, and Straight to Hell proves he's got a whole lot to say on that particular subject."
In a more critical review, The A.V. Club's Noel Murray gave the album a B+ rating, writing, "Just because Hank Williams III is the scion of country-music legends doesn't automatically excuse him from accusations of rednexploitation", claiming that the lyrics of "Crazed Country Rebel" "[pander] to people who think that 'authentic' country music has to be about outlaw losers, as though nobody in the heartland ever held onto a job or fell in love."
Track listing
Personnel
Hank Williams III – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, electric tic-tac bass, tremolo guitar, phaser guitar, shouts, bong
Joe Buck – electric bass, stand-up bass, mandolin, accordion, guitar, electric tic-tac bass, shouts
Andy Gibson – steel guitar, Dobro
Donnie Herron – fiddle, claw-hammer banjo
Johnny Hiland – electric guitar
Shawn McWilliams – drums
Randy Kohrs – Dobro, steel guitar, backing vocals
Tim Carter – banjo
Eric B – guitar
Tia Sprocket – backing vocals
Rod Janzen – electric guitar
Joe Fazzio – drums
Travis "Skunky" Gillespie – harmonica
Production
Hank Williams III – recording engineer, mix engineer
Joe Buck – recording engineer
Andy Gibson – recording engineer
Jim Lightman – mixing engineer
Chart positions
References
2006 albums
Bruc Records albums
Hank Williams III albums
Sound collage albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight%20to%20Hell%20%28album%29 |
Kissi (or Kisi) is a Mel language of West Africa, There are two dialects, northern and southern, and both are tonal languages. The northern dialect is spoken in Guinea and in Sierra Leone. The southern dialect is spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The two dialects are notably different, but are closely related.
In Guinea, the main places Kissi is spoken are the cities of Kissidougou and Guéckédou and their préfectures.
Phonology
Vowels
/o, e/ can also approximate to the sounds [ɪ, ʊ].
Consonants
Kissidougou dialects preserve a distinction between /r/ and /l/ phonemes that have been merged as allophones in dialects south of Guéckédou. For instance, "la huŋ" means exactly the same as "ra huŋ". Also, "Thank you" is realized as "barika" around Kissidougou and "balika" south of Guéckédou. [r] is considered an allophone of /l/ in Kissidougou.
/w/ can also have an allophone of [v] when preceding front vowel sounds.
The voiced labial-velar stop /gb/ occurs only in onomatopoeic phrases, and medial gb can be regarded as an allophone of its voiceless counterpart.
gbaala 'outdoor kitchen'
Gbaŋgbaŋ (a river in Kissidougou)
gbɛŋgbɔ 'stool'
maagbana 'city taxi'
Tone
Kissi has four tones: two register and two contour. The two register tones are level and high, and the two contour tones are a rising mid tone and the a falling high tone. Kissi also has an extra-high tone, but occurs only sparingly, functioning in only a few grammatical contexts.
Grammar (northern Kissi)
Pronouns
As you can already see from these examples, verbs aren't conjugated like English verbs, but they are inflected by tone.
Articles
Definite and indefinite articles do not exist in Kissi, so "muɛi" means "the knife" as well as "a knife".
If an object has to be defined (because there are more than one, for example), "this" is used:
example: muɛi coŋ - this knife
If that is not exact enough, an object is described using adjectives.
yɔŋgu ya muɛi. / k'ya muɛi. - Give me a/the knife.
yɔŋgu ya muɛi bɛndɛi. / k'ya muɛi bɛndɛi. - Give me the big knife.
References
G. Tucker Childs. A Grammar of Kisi, A Southern Atlantic Language. 1995. 370 pp.
G. Tucker Childs: A Dictionary of the Kisi Language. With an English-Kisi Index
Denise Paulme. Les Gens du Riz: Les Kissi de Haute-Guinée. Paris. Librairie Plon. 1954, 1970. 324 pp. Online version
External links
UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Sound Files Kissi-Northern
Sound Files - KQS Kissi-Northern at globalrecordings.net
Sound Files - KSS Kisi-Southern (Gissi) at globalrecordings.net
Sound Files - The complete New Testament in Kisi (Select language "Kisi Southern")
Sample text at language-museum.com
Mel languages
Languages of Liberia
Languages of Guinea
Languages of Sierra Leone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissi%20language |
Kissi may refer to the following :
Kissi, Burkina Faso, an African archaeological site
Kissi language, of the Niger–Congo family
Kissi penny, an iron currency in West Africa
Kissi people, in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia
Greek name of Roman Cissi in Mauretania Caesariensis (now Djinet in Algeria) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissi |
Penal Sanctions (Indigenous Workers) Convention, 1939 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1939, with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
Prior to it being shelved, the convention had been ratified by 33 states.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Shelved International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1939
Treaties entered into force in 1948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal%20Sanctions%20%28Indigenous%20Workers%29%20Convention%2C%201939%20%28shelved%29 |
Volvariella volvacea (also known as paddy straw mushroom or straw mushroom) is a species of edible mushroom cultivated throughout East and Southeast Asia and used extensively in Asian cuisine. They are often available fresh in regions they are cultivated, but elsewhere are more frequently found canned or dried. Worldwide, straw mushrooms are the third-most-consumed mushroom.
Description
In their button stage, straw mushrooms resemble poisonous death caps, but can be distinguished by several mycological features, including their pink spore print (spore prints of death caps are white). The two mushrooms have different distributions, with the death cap generally not found where the straw mushroom grows natively, but immigrants, particularly those from Southeast Asia to California and Australia, have been poisoned due to misidentification.
Uses
Straw mushrooms are grown on rice straw beds and are most commonly picked when immature (often labeled "unpeeled"), during their button or egg phase and before the veil ruptures. They are adaptable, taking four to five days to mature, and are most successfully grown in subtropical climates with high annual rainfall. No record has been found of their cultivation before the 19th century.
Nutrition
One cup () of straw mushrooms is nutritionally dense and provides of food energy, 27.7 µg selenium (50.36% of RDA), sodium (46.60%), iron (32.50%), 0.242 mg copper (26.89%), 69 µg vitamin B9 (folate) (17.25%), 111 mg phosphorus (15.86%), 0.75 mg vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) (15.00%), 6.97 g protein (13.94%), 4.5 g total dietary fiber (11.84%), and 1.22 mg zinc (11.09%).
References
External links
Straw Mushroom
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=307802
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=307802
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.09.008
Pluteaceae
Chinese edible mushrooms
Fungi described in 1786
Fungi in cultivation
Fungi of Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvariella%20volvacea |
Sanhan may refer to:
Samhan, a period of Korean history
Sanhan, Yemen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanhan |
Nanpu may refer to:
Nanpū, limited express train service in Japan operated by JR Shikoku
Nanpu Bridge, Bridge in Shanghai, China
Nanpu Bridge station, station on Shanghai Metro Line 4
Nanbu County in Sichuan, formerly romanized as Nanpu
Nanpu Island, island in Panyu, Guangdong, China
Nanpu Town, town in Quanzhou, Fujian, China
See also
Nampo (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanpu |
Francisco Javier Echeverría (c. 2 July 1797 – 17 September 1852) was a Mexican businessman and finance minister who served as interim president of Mexico for about two weeks in late September 1841, during the fall of Anastasio Bustamante’s administration.
Santa Anna and Mariano Paredes had started an uprising against the government and President Bustamante left Echeverria, vice president of the council of state in charge of the presidency while he went to personally command the troops, an effort that was ultimately unsuccessful. The government surrendered on October 6. Echeverria would return to politics as a congressman in 1850.
Early life
Francisco Javier Echeverría was born to a wealthy family in Xalapa, Veracruz. In his youth he was affectionately known as "la naríz" or "the nose". He worked in his family's commercial firm until 1829 when he entered politics. He was elected a deputy in the local congress in 1829. In 1834, he moved to Mexico City, where he headed the family firm of Viuda de Echeverría e Hijos.
Political career
Finance Minister
As a conservative, he was called on May of that same year to work at the Ministry of Finance for the newly ascended conservative Santa Anna administration, but Echeverria disagreed with the president in sustaining the federal system as opposed to a centralist system and he resigned from the government in September. One of the reasons he was opposed to a federal system was his view that the finances of the nation could be more efficiently managed through one central agency as opposed to being managed by separate state governments.
In 1836 under the presidency of Anastasio Bustamante, he was called to the council of state, and was charged with various financial tasks. After the Pastry War of 1838 he once again joined the ministry at a time when the nation’s finances were in ruins since the French had blockaded all the ports and associated customs.
More than half of the budget had to go to paying off bonds and the deficit. He raised to taxes so that by the time he left his post on March, 1841 government revenue averaged at half a real per person monthly, but such a rate was also accused of encouraging fraud and burdening the economy. Nonetheless he managed to pay five million pesos off of the internal debt. One of his last acts was a land tax.
Interim Presidency
Echeverria did not accomplish anything of notability during his short presidency amidst an insurrection he was not able to defeat or even mitigate. Ex-President Bustamante, as a last resort decided to proclaim his support for the federal system in order to divide his opposition. The ploy did not work, but did disillusion Echeverria a staunch supporter of the centralist system, who subsequently resigned. The insurgents were triumphant and Bustamante officially surrendered power through the Estanzuela Accords on October 6, 1841.
Later life
He was elected to Congress in 1850 through which he continued to champion his conservative ideals. He was a member of many charity organizations and was also president of the Academy of San Carlos which he saved from ruin and which then flourished into a well furnished institution with European teachers. He also founded a reformatory for young men. Echeverria died on September 17, 1855, at the age of fifty five.
See also
List of heads of state of Mexico
References
Further reading
"Echeverría, Francisco Javier", Enciclopedia de México, v. 4. Mexico City, 1996, .
García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, .
External links
Presidents of Mexico
Vice presidents of Mexico
1797 births
1852 deaths
Mexican Secretaries of Finance
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
People from Xalapa
Politicians from Veracruz
1841 in Mexico
19th-century Mexican people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Javier%20Echeverr%C3%ADa |
The Kono language (Kɔnɔ) is a language spoken in Sierra Leone by the Kono people. The Kono District is situated in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone and contains 14 chiefdoms, each headed by a Paramount Chief. The language varies slightly between chiefdoms.
Kono distinguishes high tone and low tone on syllables:
References
Sources
Chiefdom Map of Sierra Leone: OCHA Humanitarian Information Centre and Sierra Leone Information Service, 2001. .
Mande languages
Languages of Sierra Leone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kono%20language%20%28Sierra%20Leone%29 |
Kono is a village in Rivers State, Nigeria. It is situated on the coast in Khana Local Government Area, about 45 miles (72.4 km) from Port Harcourt. The dialect spoken in Kono is Khana, and the people are Ogoni. Former Footballer Joseph Yobo was born and grew up in Kono. The present traditional Ruler in Kono is Mr Anson Monday Nwige. The Community has about four oil wells. It can boast of ethnic and cultural events which include the Waaro festival and Nwikorobee Festival. These festivals attract many visitors.
References
Populated places in Rivers State | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kono%2C%20Rivers |
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat (also spelt Thawal Thamrongnavaswadhi or Thawal Thamrongnavasawat; , ; ), born Thawan Tharisawat (, ; 21 November 1901 – 3 December 1988), was the eighth Prime Minister of Thailand from 1946–1947. Before becoming a politician, he was a naval officer, holding the rank of rear admiral.
Education
Ayutthaya Wittayalai School
Debsirin School
Chulalongkorn University
Royal Thai Naval Academy
Careers
A career naval officer of Chinese ancestry, Thamrong was a leading member of the anti-Japanese Free Thai Movement resistance movement during World War II. He became Thailand's elected prime minister on 23 August 1946, replacing Pridi Banomyong. However, he was removed from office by a military coup orchestrated by Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram on 8 November 1947. Khuang Aphaiwong then assumed the post of prime minister.
After King Rama VII abdicated the throne, Thamrong was appointed by the government to be the leader of a faculty of representatives to travel to invite Prince Ananda Mahidol, who was living in Switzerland with his mother and two siblings, to ascend to the throne as King Rama VIII of the Chakri dynasty.
However, due to political fluctuations, a coup eventually occurred originating from within a group of soldiers led by Phin Choonhavan on 8 November 1947, resulting in Thamrong having to leave the country and stay in Hong Kong for a period. When Thamrong later returned to Thailand he was appointed as a member of the Constitutional Drafting Assembly. After that, he lived a relatively quietly life.
Death
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat died on 3 December 1988 at Phramongkutklao Hospital, aged 87 years, being the first and only naval officer to date who has served as prime minister.
Academic rank
1939 Adjunct Professor of Thammasat University
Royal decorations
Thawan has received the following royal decorations in the Honours System of Thailand:
Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant
Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
Victory Medal - World War II
Safeguarding the Constitution Medal
Medal for Service Rendered in the Indochina (Franco-Thai War)
Medal for Service in the Interior - Asia (Pacific War)
Chakrabarti Mala Medal
King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal, 1st
References
1901 births
1988 deaths
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Leaders ousted by a coup | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thawan%20Thamrongnawasawat |
Migration for Employment Convention, 1939 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1939, with the preamble stating:
The treaty was not ratified by any countries and was never brought into force.
Withdrawn
The convention was withdrawn at the ILO General Conference May 30, 2000.
Modification
The principles found in the convention were subsequently revised and included in the ILO Convention C97, Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949.
External links
Text.
Migrant workers
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1939
Unratified treaties
1939 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration%20for%20Employment%20Convention%2C%201939 |
Gao Jian () (born August 10, 1982) is a Chinese association football player.
Club career
Gao started his football career for Changchun Yatai in the 2001 league season after graduating from their youth team. He would eventually establish himself as a regular within the team and would particularly rise to prominence during the 2005 league season when he aided the team to a runners-up position within the division, leading to promotion to the top tier. The following season saw Changchun Yatai thrive in the top tier, however Gao struggled in attack and only scored four goals in 22 appearances. After his disappointing season Changchun Yatai brought in Guillaume Dah Zadi at the beginning of the 2007 league season, leading to Gao's playing time to severely drop and having to watch as the team won the league title. To get some more playing time he was loaned out to Shenzhen Shangqingyin in 2008 season for 300,000 RMB.
Honours
Changchun Yatai
Chinese Super League: 2007
Chinese Jia B League: 2003
References
External links
Profile at sodasoccer.com
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Shenyang
Chinese men's footballers
Changchun Yatai F.C. players
Shenzhen F.C. players
Chinese Super League players
China League One players
Men's association football forwards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao%20Jian%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201982%29 |
Clair Armstrong Callan (March 29, 1920 – May 28, 2005) was an American Democratic Party politician.
Born in Odell, Nebraska, the grandson of Irish immigrants, Callan graduated from Nebraska State Teachers College, now known as Peru State College. He served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War II on a destroyer in the Pacific Theater.
He served on the Odell Village Board, Odell School Board, Gage County School Reorganization Board, Gage County Fair Board, and the Gage County Extension Board. He was chairman of both the Governor's Committee on State Government Reorganization Board and the Nebraska Power Review Board. He worked as a farmer, stockman, and in the hardware and farm supply business.
After losing his first race for Nebraska's 1st Congressional District in 1962 to incumbent Ralph Beermann, Callan was narrowly elected to the Eighty-ninth United States Congress in 1964, serving from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967. He was defeated for reelection to the Ninetieth United States Congress in 1966 by Robert Vernon Denney and lost a rematch to him in 1968. In 1970, when Denney decided not so seek reelection, Callan ran as an independent when he failed to receive the Democratic nomination, winning 26% in a three way race and finishing ahead of the Democratic nominee. He was Deputy Administrator of the Rural Electrification Administration from 1967 to 1968 and president of the Allied Industries International, Inc. and Agri-Tech in Nashville, Tennessee. He died on May 28, 2005, in Fairbury, Nebraska.
He was a member of the United Methodist Church, a member of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Freemasons, the Shriners, the Elks, the Odd Fellows and of the Optimist Club.
References
1920 births
2005 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century Methodists
21st-century Methodists
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American people of Irish descent
American United Methodists
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
Farmers from Nebraska
People from Gage County, Nebraska
Peru State College alumni
School board members in Nebraska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clair%20Armstrong%20Callan |
Morton J. Horwitz (born 1938) is an American legal historian and law professor at Harvard Law School. The recent past dean of Harvard Law School, Elena Kagan, relates that during her time at law school, students often nicknamed him as "Mort the Tort" since he taught the first-year subject Torts.
Career
Horwitz obtained an A.B. from the City College of New York (1959), an A.M. and Ph.D. from Harvard University (1962 and 1964), and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School (1967).
He became an associate professor of law at Harvard Law School in 1970 and gained tenure as a full professor in 1974. In 1981, he was appointed the Charles Warren Professor of American Legal History.
Transformation work
His first book, The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860, was published in 1977, and is widely regarded as one of the most important books in modern American legal historiography. It won the Bancroft Prize, the preeminent prize in American history in the United States. A product of its time, this book sought to give a "thick description" (à la Clifford Geertz) of the transformation of American law in the period, without appealing to "covering laws" (à la Carl Gustav Hempel). The book was conceived as an attack on the so-called "Consensus School" of American Legal History, which had dominated the field of Legal History in the 1950s and minimized the role of class dimensions in American legal history. The main argument of his book is that in the first half of the 19th century, many judges self-consciously allied themselves with a rapidly growing class of mercantile capitalists and promoted a series of legal rules which favored those capitalists.
In The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960: The Crisis of Legal Orthodoxy (1992), the sequel to his first book, Horwitz focused on the critics of the system which he described in his first book, especially Oliver Wendell Holmes, Roscoe Pound, and Karl Llewellyn. He frames this change in the law as a debate between "Legal Formalists" and "Legal Realists". He argues that in this period, the victors from his first book tried to present the current state of the law as the natural and necessary consequence of the application of the rules of reason. In their critique of Legal Formalism, the Legal Realists argued that the inductive and analogical model applied by the Legal Formalists was logically incoherent; that all law was ultimately a power relationship; and that, therefore, law was basically a form of public policy which should be decided on public policy grounds rather than by recourse to abstract categories like "reason".
In 1998, Horwitz published his third book, an encomium on the Warren Court entitled The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice.
See also
Legal realism
External links
Official faculty biography
NPR Profile
1938 births
Living people
American legal writers
American legal scholars
City College of New York alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard Law School faculty
Legal historians
Bancroft Prize winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton%20Horwitz |
In the United States, Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science (commonly shortened to AP Comp Sci) is a suite of Advanced Placement courses and examinations covering areas of computer science. They are offered by the College Board to high school students as an opportunity to earn college credit for college-level courses. The suite consists of two current classes and one discontinued class.
AP Computer Science was taught in Pascal for the 1984–1998 exams, in C++ for 1999–2003, and in Java since 2004.
AP Computer Science A
AP Computer Science A is a programming class. The course emphasizes object-oriented programming methodology, especially problem solving and algorithm development, plus an overview of data structures and abstraction. The AP Computer Science A exam tests students on their knowledge of Java.
It is meant to be the equivalent of a first-semester college course in computer science.
The Microsoft-sponsored program Technology Education and Literacy in Schools (TEALS) aims to increase the number of students taking AP Computer Science classes.
AP Computer Science AB (discontinued)
AP Computer Science AB included all the topics of AP Computer Science A, as well as a more formal and a more in-depth study of algorithms, data structures, and data abstraction. For example, binary trees were studied in AP Computer Science AB but not in AP Computer Science A. The use of recursive data structures and dynamically allocated structures were fundamental to AP Computer Science AB.
AP Computer Science AB was equivalent to a full-year college course.
Due to low numbers of students taking the exam, AP Computer Science AB was discontinued following the May 2009 exam administration.
AP Computer Science Principles
AP Computer Science Principles is an introductory course to computer science, "with a focus on how computing powers the world". It is designed as a complement to AP Computer Science A, to emphasize computational thinking and fluency. It is meant to be the equivalent of a first-semester course in computing.
See also
AP Computer Science A
Computer science
Glossary of computer science
Scope (computer science)
Computer graphics (computer science)
References
Computer science education
Computer engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Computer%20Science |
Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / Calc BC or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus additional topics (including integration by parts, Taylor series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions).
AP Calculus AB
AP Calculus AB is an Advanced Placement calculus course. It is traditionally taken after precalculus and is the first calculus course offered at most schools except for possibly a regular calculus class. The Pre-Advanced Placement pathway for math helps prepare students for further Advanced Placement classes and exams.
Purpose
According to the College Board:
Topic outline
The material includes the study and application of differentiation and integration, and graphical analysis including limits, asymptotes, and continuity. An AP Calculus AB course is typically equivalent to one semester of college calculus.
Analysis of graphs (predicting and explaining behavior)
Limits of functions (one and two sided)
Asymptotic and unbounded behavior
Continuity
Derivatives
Concept
At a point
As a function
Applications
Higher order derivatives
Techniques
Integrals
Interpretations
Properties
Applications
Techniques
Numerical approximations
Fundamental theorem of calculus
Antidifferentiation
L'Hôpital's rule
Separable differential equations
AP Calculus BC
AP Calculus BC is equivalent to a full year regular college course, covering both Calculus I and II. After passing the exam, students may move on to Calculus III (Multivariable Calculus).
Purpose
According to the College Board,
Topic outline
AP Calculus BC includes all of the topics covered in AP Calculus AB, as well as the following:
Convergence tests for series
Taylor series
Parametric equations
Polar functions (including arc length in polar coordinates and calculating area)
Arc length calculations using integration
Integration by parts
Improper integrals
Differential equations for logistic growth
Using partial fractions to integrate rational functions
It is worth mentioning that the pass rate (score of 3 or higher) of AP Calculus BC is higher than AP Calculus AB. A possible explanation for this is that students who take AP Calculus BC are more prepared and advanced in math, leading to its higher pass rate compared to AP Calculus AB. The 5-rate is consistently over 40% (much higher than almost all the other AP exams), owing to the fact that many students who take AP Calculus BC may have taken AP Calculus AB the previous year. This gives them the advantage of just reviewing previously learned content, as well as having to learn less new content as only 2 additional units and a few additional lessons in previous units are taught.
AB sub-score distribution
AP Exam
The College Board intentionally schedules the AP Calculus AB exam at the same time as the AP Calculus BC exam to make it impossible for a student to take both tests in the same academic year, though the College Board does not make Calculus AB a prerequisite class for Calculus BC. Some schools do this, though many others only require precalculus as a prerequisite for Calculus BC. The AP awards given by College Board count both exams. However, they do not count the AB sub-score piece of the BC exam.
Format
The structures of the AB and BC exams are identical. Both exams are three hours and fifteen minutes long, comprising a total of 45 multiple choice questions and six free response questions. They are usually administered on a Tuesday morning in May.
The two parts of the multiple choice section are timed and taken independently.
Students are required to put away their calculators after 30 minutes have passed during the Free-Response section, and only at that point may begin Section II Part B. However, students may continue to work on Section II Part A during the entire Free-Response time, although without a calculator during the later two thirds.
Scoring
The multiple choice section is scored by computer, with a correct answer receiving 1 point, with omitted and incorrect answers not affecting the raw score. This total is multiplied by 1.2 to calculate the adjusted multiple-choice score.
The free response section is hand-graded by hundreds of educators each June. The raw score is then added to the adjusted multiple choice score to receive a composite score. This total is compared to a composite-score scale for that year's exam and converted into an AP score of 1 to 5.
For the Calculus BC exam, an AB sub-score is included in the score report to reflect their proficiency in the fundamental topics of introductory calculus. The AB sub-score is based on the correct number of answers for questions pertaining to AB-material only.
See also
AP Physics C: Mechanics and AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism
AP Precalculus
Glossary of calculus
Mathematics education in the United States
Stand and Deliver (1988 film)
References
External links
AP Calculus AB
College Board description of the AP Calculus AB course content
College Board description of the AP Calculus AB examination
AP Calculus BC
College Board description of the AP Calculus BC course content
College Board description of the AP Calculus BC examination
Further reading
Mathematics education in the United States
Calculus
Advanced Placement
zh:大学先修课程#科目 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Calculus |
The Report on Immigration, Land Settlement and Development, commonly referred to as the Hope Simpson Enquiry or the Hope Simpson Report, was a British Commission managed by Sir John Hope Simpson, established during August 1929 to address Immigration, Land Settlement and Development issues in British Mandate of Palestine, as recommended by the Shaw Commission, after the widespread 1929 Palestine riots.
The report was dated October 1, 1930, but was released on October 21, 1930. The report recommended limiting Jewish immigration based on the economic absorptive capacity of Palestine. The Passfield White Paper was also dated October 1, 1930, and recommended similar limiting of Jewish immigration.
Land settlement and employment
The mandate and ambition of the Hope-Simpson Commission
was to associate the issues of immigration, land settlement, and agricultural development in a way that would allow the government to deploy policies that could serve the country as a whole. The Report emphasized the need to develop a national water regime as the basis of the system it wished to create. Relying on this advice and on colonial experience elsewhere, the government later established a Water Board and drafted its first irrigation bill.
The commission reported the real estate price growth and availability to the Arabs:
"They [Jews] paid high prices for the land, and in addition they paid to certain of the occupants of those lands a considerable amount of money which they were not legally bound to pay."
(p. 56:) "Actually the result of the purchase of land in Palestine by the Jewish National Fund has been that land became extra territorial. It ceases to be land from which the Arab can gain any advantage either now or at any time in the future. Not only can he never hope to lease or cultivate it, but, by the stringent provisions of the lease of the Jewish National Fund, he is deprived forever from employment on the land."
It concluded that Arab fears of the destructive impact of Zionist colonization were well-founded, and thus called for controls:(p. 135:) "It is impossible to view with equanimity the extension of an enclave in Palestine from which the Arabs are excluded. The Arab population already regards the transfer of lands to Zionist hands with dismay and alarm. These cannot be dismissed as baseless in light of the Zionist policy described above."
Hope-Simpson emphasized that, due to the Zionist labour policy extending to all Jewish enterprises, displaced Arab farmers could not find non-agricultural employment, making the problem of unemployment among the Arabs "serious and widespread":
"There can be no doubt that there is at present time serious unemployment among Arab craftsmen and among Arab laborers."
"Arab unemployment is serious and general."
The Zionist contention that Arab workers benefited from Jewish immigration was therefore refuted by the report:
(p.133:) "The policy of the Jewish Labour Federation is successful in impeding the employment of Arabs in Jewish colonies and in Jewish enterprises of every kind. There is therefore no relief to be anticipated from an extension of Jewish enterprise unless some departure from existing practice is effected."
The report also addressed the hypothetical situation of "swollen unemployment lists":
"[A]rab unemployment is liable to be used as a political pawn. Arab politicians are sufficiently astute to realize at once what may appear an easy method of blocking that [Jewish] immigration to which they are radically averse, and attempts may and probably will be made to swell the list of Arabs unemployed with names which should not be there, or perhaps to ensure the registration of an unemployed man in the books of more than one exchange. It should not prove difficult to defeat this manoevre."
Immigration
The report acknowledged illegal immigration both of Arabs and of Jews across the Mandate borders:
The Chief Immigration Officer has brought to notice that illicit immigration through Syria and across the northern frontier of Palestine is material. This question has already been discussed. It may be a difficult matter to ensure against this illicit immigration, but steps to this end must be taken if the suggested policy is adopted, as also to prevent unemployment lists being swollen by immigrants from TransJordania."
"Discouragement of illicit entry. As to the treatment of such [illegal] immigrants, when they are discovered, it should be the rule that they are at once returned to the country whence they came. The rule may possibly work harshly in individual cases, but unless it is understood that detection is invariably followed by expulsion the practice will not cease. It is probable that it will cease entirely as soon as it is discovered that the rule is actually in force.The case of the ´pseudo-traveller´ who comes in with a permission for a limited time and continues in Palestine after the term of his permission has expired is more difficult. Where the case is flagrant, recourse should certainly be had to expulsion. In case of no special flagrancy, and where there is no special objection to the individual, it is probably sufficient to maintain the present practice, under which he is counted against the Labor Schedule, though this method does a certain injustice to the Jewish immigrant outside the country, whose place is taken by the traveller concerned."
In its conclusion, it said:
"In this Report the subjects of Land Settlement, Development and Immigration have been examined in that order as it is evident that the question of Immigration depends on the action taken in respect of the first two."
Reactions to the report
Jewish spokesmen argued that Hope-Simpson ignored the capacity for industrial growth, and that economic growth would benefit both Jews and Arabs.
See also
Passfield White Paper, published on the same day
Vaad Leumi
Notes
By "pseudo-traveller" is meant a person who arrived legally on a (temporary) visa, and then stayed on after the visa has expired.
References
Sources
Sir John Hope Simpson: Palestine: Report on Immigration, Land Settlement, and Development (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1930.)
External links
The Hope Simpson Report, the complete text, at UNISPAL
1929 Palestine riots
1930 in Mandatory Palestine
Documents of Mandatory Palestine
1930 documents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope%20Simpson%20Enquiry |
Catherine Anne "Cat" Hope (born 11 March 1966), is an Australian composer, musician and academic. She started her music and academic careers in Perth and relocated to Melbourne in 2017. Her opera, Speechless, was first performed in 2019 at the Perth Festival. At the Art Music Awards of 2020 she won Work of the Year: Dramatic for Speechless. Steve Dow of The Age described the opera, "fuelled by outrage over the imprisonment of asylum seeker children, which features growling and screaming to an unconventional score without musical notation." Hope has also won the Art Music Award for Excellence in Experimental Music in 2011 for Decibel's 2009–2010 Annual Programs and in 2014 for her Drawn from Sound exhibition.
Biography
Catherine Anne Hope was born in 1966. Her father was an RAAF officer and her mother was a nurse; from 9 to 12 years-old she had guitar lessons while her father was based in Penang, Malaysia; upon her reaching secondary school age the family relocated to Perth. She continued with guitar in secondary school and added flute and bass guitar in her final years at Rossmoyne Senior High School. She started at the University of Western Australia in 1984 to complete a Bachelor of Music (Honours) at its Conservatorium of Music in 1989. While a university student she also had to teach herself to play piano to keep up with her studies. One of her teachers, in composition, was English-born Perth-resident Roger Smalley. She was a member of the ALEA Ensemble (named for their aleatoric composition style), in 1989.
In 1988 in Italy, Hope founded the folk-rock indie trio, Micevice, with Hope on bass guitar, Marta Collica on lead vocals and Giovanni Ferrario on guitar. They recorded an album, Experiments on the Duration of Love (1999), in Melbourne and Catania with Hugo Race co-producing with Ferrario. It was re-release nearly ten years later (November 2008) via My Honey Records. Luigi Gaudio of OndaRock rated it at 7.5 and explained, "The eleven tracks are rare pearls, a cloud of warm smoke that envelops anyone who abandons themselves." After Hope left, Micevice had released two further albums, Bipolars of the World Unite (2000) and Stop Here: Love Store (2002).
Gata Negra (Spanish: Black Cat) was formed early in 1999 in Perth by Hope on bass guitar, vocals, samples and toys, Myles Durham on drums and Ant Gray on guitar. Their debut album, Cage of Stars, appeared later that year. It was recorded at North Perth Town Hall, where they were joined by Ferarrio on guitars, Guy Fleming on sounds, Jazmine on piano, Boogie Man Krak on turntables, Viv Langham on cello, Sophie Moleta on vocals and glockenspiel, Lindsay Vickery on vocals and Kim Williams on vocals. The group issued two more albums, Saint Dymphanae (2002) and Ruby (2007). Later members included Kristian Brenchley on guitar, Tim Evans on drums (both c. 2000), Bill Darby on guitar, Pete Guazzelli on drums (both c. 2006).
In 2009, Hope formed Decibel New Music Ensemble (also known as Decibel), with Hope as music director and flautist. Other members have included Vickery on reeds and electronics, Louise Devenish on percussion, Stuart James on piano, percussion, electronics and spatialisation, Tristen Parr on cello, Adam Pinto on piano, Chris Tonkin on electronics and Aaron Wyatt on violin and viola. At the APRA Music Awards' Art Music Awards of 2011 she won the Award for Excellence in Experimental Music for Decibel's 2009–2010 Annual Programs. To celebrate their 10th anniversary, in May 2019, the ensemble performed 10 from 10, which was broadcast nationally on ABC Classic radio's programme, Evenings. It had been recorded live in concert at the Primrose Potter Salon with Duncan Yardley as producer.
Hope performs and records solo noise music using bass guitar. She was also a co-founder of the Perth noise duo Lux Mammoth (1999-2005) with Alien Smith (both on bass guitar and electronics); and founder and bassist in Abe Sada (2004-2014). She is the founder of the Low Tone Orchestra (2020-), The Australian Bass Orchestra (2014-) and is a performer in noise duos Super Luminum (with guitarist Lisa MacKinney, 2015-), HzHzHz (with cellist Tristen Parr, 2016-) and Candied Limbs (with clarinettist Vickery, 2012-). As a flute player, she has worked with French composers Eliane Radigue and . Her solo bass noise piece for dance artist Rakini Devi appeared on the various artists' compilation album, Extreme Music from Women, issued by the Susan Lawly label in 2000. Since then she has released a wide range of music compositions and performances on music labels around the world, most recently on the Swiss label Hat Hut.
Rosalind Appleby, a music journalist, in her book, Women of Note: the Rise of Australian Women Composers (2012), addressed the work of Hope in the chapter, "Third wave 1980-2010: Cathie Travers and Cat Hope". In honour of Roger Smalley, who died in August 2015, Hope directed Decibel, to reinvigorate his works, which had been "performed in the pioneering electro-acoustic ensemble Intermodulation", for a concert in June 2016. The West Australians Appleby observed, "[they] brought the little-known repertoire back to life. Their concert... paid fascinating homage to Smalley."
Hope delivered the Peggy Glanville-Hicks Address in November 2018, "All Music for Everyone: Working Towards Gender Equality and Empowerment in Australian Music Culture", in Adelaide, Melbourne and Perth. It was followed by the premiere of her work, Silenced, co-composed with Dobromila Jaskot.
Her opera, Speechless, was first performed in February 2019 at the Perth Festival. Hope wrote it as a response to The Forgotten Children: National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention presented by the 2014 Human Rights Commission. Australian Arts Review writer described it as, "a compelling, courageous and visceral sonic world paying homage to people whose voices are rendered silent through political means." It was performed by the soloists Judith Dodsworth (soprano), Karina Utomo (metal singer of Young and Restless, High Tension), Caitlin Cassidy (improvising mezzo-soprano), Sage Pbbbt (non-binary throat singer) with backing by Australian Bass Orchestra, Decibel New Music Ensemble, and Aaron Wyatt as conductor. In March of the following year it was broadcast, in two parts, on ABC Classic's New Wave. At the Art Music Awards of 2020 Hope, and the performers, won Work of the Year: Dramatic for Speechless.
Academic career
Hope is a music academic, with research areas in animated notation, gender and music, digital archives, Australian music and artistic research in composition and performance. She lectured in classical music and music technology at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts at Edith Cowan University between 2004 and 2010, and was the Inaugural Associate Dean (Research) there in 2016 after Postdoctoral Fellowship. Hope holds a PhD in Art from RMIT University, her thesis, "The Possibility of Infrasonic Music", was delivered in 2010. She was the Professor of Music at Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music at Monash University, where she was head of school from 2017 to 2020.
Awards and fellowship
Her first portrait CD, Ephemeral Rivers, was released in 2017 on the Hat [Art] Hut label, and won the Deutscher Kritikerpreis that same year. Hope has also received a Churchill Fellowship, a Civitella Ranieri Fellowship, an AsiaLink residency (Singapore, Theatreworks) and the Peggy Glanville-Hicks House Residency in Paddington (2014).
APRA Music Awards
APRA AMCOS (Australasian Performing Right Association, Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society) and Australian Music Centre (AMC) have co-sponsored the annual APRA Music Awards: Art Music Awards (originally Classical Music Awards) since 2002. Previously AMC had provided their own annual classical music awards from 1988. Hope has been awarded three Art Music Awards, the Award for Excellence in Experimental Music in 2011 and in 2014 and Work of the Year: Dramatic for her first opera, Speechless in 2020.
!
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|rowspan="2"|2011||Contribution to Music Education in Western Australia||Award for Excellence in Music Education||||rowspan="2"|
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|Decibel's 2009–2010 Annual Programs||Award for Excellence in Experimental Music||
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|2013||Supporting and growing new music in Western Australia||Award for Excellence by an Individual||||
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|2014||Drawn from Sound exhibition||Award for Excellence in Experimental Music||||
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|2017||Performance, academia, composition, mentoring and advocacy||Award for Excellence by an Individual||||
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|2019||Leadership in the composition, performance and education of new music in Australia||Award for Excellence by an Individual||||
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|2020||Speechless (Cat Hope) by Judith Dodsworth, Karina Utomo, Caitlin Cassidy, Sage Pbbbt (soloists); with Australian Bass Orchestra, Decibel New Music Ensemble, and Aaron Wyatt (conductor)||Work of the Year: Dramatic||||
|-
Notes
Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music. They commenced in 2006.
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| 2019
| Cat Hope
| Best Experimental/Avant-Garde Act
|
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| 2022
| Cat Hope
| Best Experimental/Avant-Garde Work
|
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Discography
solo
Fetish, CD (Sound Gallery Label, 2000; Bloodstar, 2001)
Justine 8" (Bloodstar, 2001)
Regret CD (Gods of the Tundra, USA, 2001)
Yume MC (One Touch Monopolka, USSR, 2001)
Jackie Hush CD (Bloodstar, 2002)
Platinum Fox, on Luminosity: Musical Treasures from UWA. University of WA (AUS). CD. (2013)
Ephemeral Rivers. hat[now]ART 200: Switzerland. CD (2017)
The Sinister Glamour of Modernity, on Australia: East and West, CD, Wirripang, (2020)
with Abe Sada
Subzilla, Bloodstar, CD (2007)
Tatare Steppe, VLZ Produkt, CD (2008)
Redux, Heartless Robot LP (2009)
The Low Chord, Kabutsuri Tape International, CD (2009)
with Gata Negra
Ruby, Bloodstar (Aus), LP (2007)
with Lux Mammoth
New Gauge Sinner, Pre Feed label (Italy), CD (2007)
with Decibel
In the Cut, Kuklinski's Dream on Disintegration: Mutation. HellosQare Records, CD (2010)
Longing on Stasis Ecstatic. Heartless Robot Productions, LP (2014)
The Lowest Drawer on Tuned Darker, LP, Listen|Hear: Perth LP (2015)
The Earth Defeats Me and Last Days of Reality on Last Days of Reality, CD Room 40, RM4102 (2018)
with Candied Limbs
Sub Project 54 Tura Records, CD (2013)
with Louise Devenish
Tone Being on Music for Percussion and Electronics, CD, Tall Poppies TP428 (2017)
with Monash Art Ensemble
Dark Hip Falls on Hear, Now, Here CD FMR (2019)
Gabriella Smart
Kaps Freed on Works for Travelling Pianos, CD, ezz-thetics 1012 (2020)
Bibliography
As a primary author
Hope, Cat; Ryan, John Charles (2014-06-19). Digital Arts: An Introduction to New Media. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. .
As a contributor
Burke, Robert; Onsman, Andrys (2017-01-23). Perspectives on Artistic Research in Music. Lexington Books. .
Sant, Toni (2017-03-23). Documenting Performance: The Context and Processes of Digital Curation and Archiving. Bloomsbury Publishing. .
Fabian, Dorottya; Napier, John (2018-10-30). Diversity in Australia's Music: Themes Past, Present, and for the Future. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. .
Academic papers
Hope has also authored over 70 academic papers according to Google Scholar.
References
External links
Cat Hope profile on Australia Adlib
Cat Hope noise reviews
Cat Hope AMC represented composer
1966 births
Living people
Australian composers
Australian flautists
Noise musicians
Academic staff of the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts
Academic staff of Monash University
Australian women composers
People from Altona, Victoria
Musicians from Melbourne
Musicians from Perth, Western Australia
People educated at Rossmoyne Senior High School
University of Western Australia alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20Hope |
Jyoti Sunita Kullu (born 9 September 1978 in Sundargarh, Odisha) is a female field hockey player from India, who made her international debut for her native country in 1996 in Delhi at the Indira Gandhi Gold Cup. In 2002, she became the topscorer of the Champions Challenge tournament in Johannesburg, South Africa, with five goals in six matches. In the same year Kullu won the golden medal with India at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England.
International Senior Tournaments
1996 – Indira Gandhi Gold Cup, New Delhi
1997 – World Cup Qualifier, Harare (4th)
1998 – World Cup, Utrecht (12th)
1998 – Commonwealth Games, Kuala Lumpur (4th)
1998 – Asian Games, Bangkok (2nd)
1999 – Hockey Asia Cup, New Delhi (2nd)
2000 – Olympic Qualifier, Milton Keynes (10th)
2001 – World Cup Qualifier, Amiens/Abbeville (7th)
2002 – Champions Challenge, Johannesburg (3rd)
2002 – Commonwealth Games, Manchester (1st)
2002 – Asian Games, Busan (4th)
2003 – Afro-Asian Games, Hyderabad (1st)
2004 – Hockey Asia Cup, New Delhi (1st)
2006 – Commonwealth Games, Melbourne (2nd)
2006 – World Cup, Madrid (11th)
Awards
Arjuna Award, 2007
References
External links
Commonwealth Games Biography
1978 births
Living people
People from Sundergarh district
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Field hockey players from Odisha
Sportswomen from Odisha
Indian female field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Field hockey players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Field hockey players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1998 Asian Games
Field hockey players at the 2002 Asian Games
Field hockey players at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games silver medalists for India
Asian Games bronze medalists for India
Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyoti%20Sunita%20Kullu |
Madjid Bougherra (; born 7 October 1982) is a football manager and former player who played as a centre-back. He is the manager of the Algeria A' national team.
Bougherra began his professional career with French club Gueugnon before having spells with Crewe Alexandra, Sheffield Wednesday and Charlton Athletic in England. He moved to Rangers in 2008 for a fee of £2.5 million and made 113 appearances; he was a key part of the team that won the Scottish Premier League championship in the 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons. He signed for Lekhwiya of Qatar in 2011 for £1.7 million, moving to Al-Fujairah three years later. Bougherra ended his club career following a short spell at Football League Greece club Aris.
Bougherra won 70 international caps and scored four goals for the Algeria national team from 2004 to 2015. He participated in the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, where Algeria finished fourth, and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He served as the team's captain for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Club career
Early life and career
Bougherra was born and raised in Dijon, Côte-d'Or in eastern France. He began his career at AS Quetigny in 1999.
Gueugnon
Bougherra joined Gueugnon in July 2002. Whilst with the Ligue 2 club, Bougherra made 49 league appearances and scored one goal. He also made a single appearance in the Coupe de la Ligue.
Crewe Alexandra
Bougherra joined English Championship club Crewe Alexandra on loan at the end of January 2006. He managed to get into the Crewe record books as his agent, Charles Collymore recommended the Algerian defender to the South Cheshire club and was given £5,000 by the club, making him the first agent to receive a fee from Crewe.
After a number of impressive performances, including a goal in the 4–1 win over Coventry City, many of the club's supporters urged then manager Dario Gradi to sign Bougherra on a permanent basis. However, in April 2006, he confirmed he would leave Crewe at the end of his loan spell after failing to help the club avoid relegation to League One.
Sheffield Wednesday
Bougherra's performances at Crewe had attracted interest from a number of clubs in England, including some from the Premier League. He signed for another Championship club, Sheffield Wednesday, in May 2006. The fee was undisclosed, but according to manager Paul Sturrock it was not as much as the reported £300,000. Bougherra made a big impact at Hillsborough after making his debut on 5 August against Preston North End, winning the Player of the Month award in only his second month at the club and captaining the team for the first time against Queens Park Rangers at home in October. He also scored twice for Wednesday, against Ipswich Town and West Bromwich Albion in the first half of the 2006–07 season.
Charlton Athletic
During the January 2007 transfer window, Bougherra was linked with several Premier League clubs. Sheffield Wednesday rejected a £1.3 million offer from Charlton Athletic, whilst Reading, Everton and Birmingham City were also rumoured to be interested. Eventually the Owls accepted an increased offer of £2.5 million from Charlton for Bougherra, who completed his move to The Valley on 28 January 2007.
Bougherra was linked with a transfer to West Brom in the summer of 2008 after a transfer fee of £2.5 million was accepted by Charlton. However, Bougherra chose not to join Albion, saying that the absence of West Brom chairman Jeremy Peace during negotiations was a major factor; Peace commented that his presence was not required for the transfer to go through.
Rangers
Bougherra joined Rangers, signing a four-year contract for £2.5 million on 31 July 2008. He made his debut on 9 August in a Scottish Premier League match against Falkirk, and scored his first goal on 28 September 2008 in a 3–0 win against Hibernian. After Rangers lost Carlos Cuéllar to Aston Villa, Bougherra formed a consistent partnership alongside David Weir. Bougherra was sent off in a 2–1 win over Aberdeen in May 2009 after a challenge with Jamie Langfield. The red card was reduced to a yellow upon appeal after the referee changed his decision after reviewing the incident. Bougherra was available for the title decider against Dundee United the following weekend which Rangers won 3–0, winning them the title. Bougherra ended his first season in Scottish football by winning the Scottish Cup in a 1–0 win over Falkirk.
On 12 September 2009, Bougherra was shown two yellows in the same minute against Motherwell at Fir Park, in doing so giving away a penalty. On 16 September 2009, he scored a solo goal in the 77th minute to make it 1–1 against VfB Stuttgart in the group stage of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, earning Rangers a point. The goal came on Bougherra's European debut for the club. After playing for Algeria against Rwanda in a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier Bougherra returned to Scotland two days late and was subsequently dropped for a league match away to St Johnstone on 17 October. He was late returning from international duty again in November after being caught up in Algeria's World Cup qualification celebrations. On 3 May 2010, Bougherra was awarded the PFA Scotland goal of the season for his effort in the 7–1 win over Dundee United in December 2009.
Bougherra missed much of the second half of the 2009–10 season through injury, but picked up his second SPL winners medal after Rangers clinched back-to-back league titles in 2010.
On 14 September 2010, Bougherra was named as the man of the match in the opening group game of the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League against Manchester United at Old Trafford, with the game ending 0–0. On 26 January 2011, he scored with a volley in a 2–0 win over Hibernian.
In March 2011, Bougherra announced that he intended to leave Rangers at the end of the 2010–11 season after turning down a new contract. Bougherra was fined £2500 by the SFA for manhandling referee Callum Murray during an Old Firm match in 2011. On 3 August in a 2011–12 UEFA Champions League qualifier against Malmö FF, Bougherra was shown a straight red card for elbowing an opponent, which proved to be his last game for the club.
Lekhwiya
In August 2011, Bougherra moved to Qatari club Lekhwiya for £1.7 million. Bougherra made his league debut on 16 September in a match against Al-Wakrah where he scored the only goal of the match, thus scoring the first goal of the 2011–12 season. In his first season with the club, he helped Lekhwiya win the 2011–12 Qatar Stars League. Bougherra left Lekhwiya in May 2014.
Aris, retirement
On 9 September 2016, Bougherra signed for Football League Greece club Aris. Three months later, after not featuring for Aris and only appearing on the bench once, Bougherra announced his retirement from football.
International career
Bougherra was born in France. He holds French and Algerian nationalities. He opted to play for Algeria. He made his debut at under-23 level on 2 January 2004, in a 2004 Summer Olympics qualifier against Ghana. He made two more appearances at under-23 level in qualifiers against Ghana and Zambia.
Bougherra made his full debut for the Algeria national team in a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier on 20 June 2004 against Zimbabwe. On 2 July 2007, he scored his first goal in a 2–2 draw against Cape Verde. His second goal came on 20 June 2009, a header from a free kick in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Zambia, which ended in a 2–0 win, putting them at the top of their group.
Coaching and managerial career
In 2017, Bougherra joined the technical coaching staff of Georges Leekens at the national team of Algeria. In the summer 2017, he then became manager of Al-Duhail SC's reserve team / U23 team.
On 16 June 2019, he was appointed manager of Emirati club Fujairah FC. On 9 February 2020, he departed from his Fujairah job by a mutual consent after dropping into the relegation zone.
On 22 June 2020, the Algerian Football Federation announced the appointment of Bougherra to the position of coach of Algeria A' national team.
Career statistics
Club
International goals
Scores and results list Algeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Bougherra goal.
Managerial statistics
Honours
As a player
Rangers
Scottish Premier League: 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
Scottish Cup: 2008–09
Scottish League Cup: 2009–10, 2010–11
Lekhwiya
Qatar Stars League: 2011–12, 2013–14
Qatar Crown Prince Cup: 2013
Individual
PFA Scotland Team of the Year: 2008–09, 2010–11
Rangers Player of the Year: 2009
PFA Scotland Goal of the Season: 2010
Algerian Ballon d'or: 2009, 2010
DZFoot d'Or: 2009, 2010
El Heddaf Arab Footballer of the Year: 2009
CAF Team of the Year: 2010
Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2010
Algeria Press Service: Best Algerian athletes of the year: 2010
As a manager
Algeria
FIFA Arab Cup: 2021
See also
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Dijon
Footballers from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Algerian men's footballers
French men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FC Gueugnon players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Al-Duhail SC players
Fujairah FC players
Aris Thessaloniki F.C. players
Ligue 2 players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Scottish Premier League players
Qatar Stars League players
UAE Pro League players
Algeria men's youth international footballers
Algeria men's under-23 international footballers
Algeria men's international footballers
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
Algerian expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in England
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Greece
French expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
French expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
French expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Algerian football managers
French football managers
Fujairah FC managers
UAE Pro League managers
French sportspeople of Algerian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madjid%20Bougherra |
The Legend of Johnny Cash is a single-disc compilation album of American musician and singer Johnny Cash's career. It is the first such album to contain material from Cash's American Recordings era in addition to songs from his time at Sun and Columbia, as well as one track recorded for Island Records. It was released on October 25, 2005, on the Island/American/Columbia/Legacy record labels and tied to the release of the Cash biopic Walk the Line. In the wake of that film's success its sales made the compilation an overwhelming success. The album was certified Gold on December 7, 2005, Platinum on December 14, 2005, and 2× Platinum on May 19, 2006, by the RIAA. As of November 2017, the album has sold 3,866,300 copies in the United States.
A UK version entitled Ring of Fire: The Legend of Johnny Cash has a different track listing.
Track listing
Alternate UK track listing
A version released in the UK entitled Ring of Fire: The Legend of Johnny Cash has a slightly altered track listing, with some of the above songs absent and others, such as covers of U2's "One" and Depeche Mode's "Personal Jesus", included in their place.
Personnel
Johnny Cash – vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano, production
Additional personnel
Rick Rubin, Steven Berkowitz, Charlie Bragg, Gregg Geller, Bob Johnston, Frank Jones, Don Law, Andy McKaie, Chips Moman – production
Gavin Lurssen, Dana Smart – remastering
Adam Abrams – production coordination
Tom Jermann/t42design – design
David Gahr, Don Hunstein, Les Leverett, Jim Marshall, Alan Messer – photography
Ryan Null – photo coordination
Adam Starr – product manager
Rich Kienzle – liner notes. * Compilation produced by Rick Rubin. * Engineered by David Ferguson
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
Johnny Cash’s official website
2005 compilation albums
Blues compilation albums
Folk compilation albums
Gospel compilation albums
Country music compilation albums
Rock compilation albums
Johnny Cash compilation albums
Columbia Records compilation albums
Legacy Recordings compilation albums
Canadian Country Music Association Top Selling Album albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Legend%20of%20Johnny%20Cash |
Maxfield Research is a Minnesota based real estate research company. The company specializes in obtaining and interpreting real estate market information and conducts feasibility studies for potential land development.
History
Founded in 1983 by Lee Maxfield and business partner Gary Solomonson, Maxfield Research has grown into a small team-based company of research analysts, interns, and an office manager. The headquarters are in Northeast, Minneapolis. The current President is Mary Bujold and Vice President is Jay Thompson.
Clients
Maxfield serves both the private sector and public sector. The majority of its clients include real estate developers, independent proprietors, and housing authorities. Besides many types of housing studies, the company also conducts demand research for office, retail, food, industrial, and recreational.
In the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, Maxfield is best known for evaluating condominium projects and senior housing. Due to regular publishing of real estate market reports, company researchers are frequently sourced and opined by local news.
Maxfield is an independent proprietary of the Griffin Companies.
References
Companies based in Minneapolis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxfield%20Research |
José Revueltas Sánchez (November 20, 1914 in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango – April 14, 1976 in Mexico City) was a Mexican writer, essayist, and political activist. He was part of an important artistic family that included his siblings Silvestre (composer), Fermín (painter) and Rosaura (actress).
Biography
Early life
José Revueltas Sánchez was born on November 20, 1914, in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. In 1920, the family relocated to Mexico City, first to the colonia Roma and then to colonia Doctores. He studied at the Colegio Alemán until the fourth grade and finished his primary education in public school. The family entered an economic crisis after the death of his father In 1923. He left school in 1925, but continued through self-education in the Biblioteca Nacional.
Political activism
Revueltas joined the Mexican Communist Party in 1928, but was expelled in 1943 for his criticisms of the organization's bureaucratic practices and for his critique of the Mexican Left, Mexico: Ensayo de un proletariado sin cabeza (Essay About a Headless Proletariat).
He founded the Liga Espartaquista (Spartacist League) and the Partido Popular Socialista (Popular Socialist Party, or PPS), from which he also was expelled for questioning and criticizing the Left.
Imprisonment
Authorities arrested Revueltas for his participation in a political "riot" in the Zócalo in 1929. He was accused of sedition and rioting and sent to the maximum-security penal colony Islas Marías. He was freed on bail after six months. He was again incarcerated in Islas Marías from July to November 1932, and again in 1934 for organizing a strike among agrarian peasants in Camarón, Nuevo León.
He was again imprisoned in 1958 for his participation in the Railwaymen's Movement.
In 1968 he was accused of being the "intellectual author" of the student movement that culminated in the Tlatelolco massacre, so he was arrested and sent to the Palacio de Lecumberri prison (aka The Black Palace), where he wrote one of his more popular books: El apando (The Punishment Cell) (A. Revueltas 1998; Valle, Alvárez Garín, and J. Revueltas 1970).
Translated from the Spanish Wikipedia article.
Death & Memorial
Revueltas died on April 14, 1976, at the age of 61. The official cause of death was post-cardiac arrest.
A memorial for Revueltas was held at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Secretary of Public Education Victor Bravo Ahuja attended on behalf of President Luis Echeverría, Ahuja was encouraged to leave by Professor Martín Dosal, who had been imprisoned with Revueltas.
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced in 2021 that the former prison where Revueltas was held would be rehabilitated as the environmental and cultural education center "Muros de Agua-José Revueltas".
Writings
Los muros de agua (1941)
El luto humano (1943) Published in English as Human Mourning and also as The Stone Knife
Dios en la tierra (1944)
Los días terrenales (1949)
Los errores (1964)
El apando (1969) Published in English as The Hole
México 68: Juventud Y Revolución (1968–1972)
References
Sources
Revueltas, Andrea. 1998. "José Revueltas y el 68. (escritor mexicano)." Siempre! 45, no. 2363 (October): 58–60.
Revueltas, Rosaura. 1980. Los Revueltas: Biografía de una familia. México: Editorial Grijalbo.
Sáinz, Gustavo, et al. 1977. Conversaciones con José Revueltas. Introduction by Jorge Ruffinelli, bibliography of works by and about José Revueltas by Marilyn R. Frankenthaler. (Cuadernos de texto crítico 3). Veracruz: Universidad Veracruzana, Centro de Investigaciones Lingüístico-Literarias.
Slick, Sam L. 1983. José Revueltas. Edited by Luis Davila. Twayne's world authors series 683. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
Valle, Eduardo, Raúl Álvarez Garín, and José Revueltas. 1970. Los procesos de México 68; tiempo de hablar. México: Editorial Estudiantes.
External links
The Afterlife of Cotton:, On José Revueltas
1914 births
1976 deaths
Writers from Durango
People from Santiago Papasquiaro
Mexican communists
Mexican male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Revueltas |
The Minnesota Security Hospital is a secure psychiatric hospital located in St. Peter, Minnesota. It serves people who have been committed by the court as mentally ill and dangerous. It was established as St. Peter State Hospital in 1866 under the Kirkbride Plan. The original building is mostly demolished though the hospital is still active.
History
In 1866, the Minnesota Legislature approved the building of a state hospital for the insane, hoping to reduce the growing amount of mentally ill people in jails throughout the state. They first had to find an area willing to deed of land for the hospital. St. Peter leaders bought a farm for $7,000 and lent it to the state.
The hospital was constructed in 1866 in the Kirkbride design. A fire destroyed the men's ward of the hospital on November 15, 1880. C. K. Bartlett was the superintendent of the hospital in its early years before his resignation in 1894.
Its first patient checked on December 6, 1866. The hospital soon became overcrowded, so the state built 3 other facilities in Rochester, Fergus Falls, and Anoka. The St. Peter location remained the main hospital. Other hospitals also opened to reduce the population of patients but either closed or turned into retirement homes for the elderly.
In 1911, the Asylum for Dangerous Insane officially opened on the campus of the St. Peter Hospital. The name was later changed to the Minnesota Security Hospital (MSH) in 1957.
After the attempted assassination of Bishop Patrick Heffron of the Diocese of Winona, Reverend Louis M. Lescher was committed to this hospital until his death in 1943.
In 1982, the current MSH building opened. The original hospital has since been demolished. The coordinates of the original hospital are .
Records
Records documenting the population and activities in the security hospital, including admission and transfer book (1911–1938), admissions index (1911–1963), daily movement of population record, dangerous insane (1911–1913), and scrapbook (1937–1987) kept by longtime medical director Charles G. Sheppard are available for research use.
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1866
Hospital buildings completed in 1957
Hospitals in Minnesota
Psychiatric hospitals in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Nicollet County, Minnesota
1866 establishments in Minnesota
Hospitals established in 1866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota%20Security%20Hospital |
Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center (AMRTC), located in Anoka, Minnesota, the county seat of Anoka County, provides inpatient and transitional services to patients with severe mental illness from the Twin Cities metropolitan area (Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne and Washington County).
Due to overcrowding, some patients will be transferred to St. Peter's Regional Treatment Center; This is done by random selection upon intake.
The facility was previously the Anoka Asylum and in 1937 the name was changed to the Anoka State Hospital. The hospital provided care for mentally ill men starting in 1900 and for women in 1906. As a hospital for the mentally ill, until 1999, it housed thousands of patients, both male and female. It was once again renamed in 1985 to the current name.
History
The hospital was founded as a state asylum in 1900 as a residence for mentally ill men and starting in 1906 for women. The city of Anoka was chosen over Hastings to help with overcrowding in mental institutions in St. Paul. Of the first 100 men brought to the asylum, 86 died and were buried on site in numbered graves. By 1948, the hospital itself was severely overcrowded, with a majority of the population being women. In the 1960s and 1970s many residents were moved out into nursing homes for better care.
In 1985 the site was renamed the Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center. It was closed in 1999 and was given to Anoka County.
Facilities
A 200-bed inpatient mental health facility
Two 16-bed community based facilities
Transitional community support program
3-month State mandated habitual sex offender program.
No longer treating chemical dependency.
Patient services
Mental health services. Individualized treatment designed to assist patients in reaching and maintaining psychiatric stability and in developing the necessary skills and supports to survive in a group home setting. The treatment center focuses on interaction with the patients working with their mental illness to achieve a level of stability. Medications may be mandatory for most clients. Services are provided in the inpatient psychiatric facility and in two Co-ed community-based apartment buildings.
Community transition services. A multi-disciplinary team of AMRTC staff provide services to discharged patients who have experienced long or frequent regional treatment center hospitalizations and who require help in leaving the facility and/or in remaining in the community; they will be monitored by the AMRTC staff until deemed fit for unmonitored normal social interactions.
Mental Health Initiatives. AMRTC employees work in teams with county staff and private providers to support individuals with severe and persistent mental illness in successfully living in their group home.
Professional services
Training opportunities are available to professionals and paraprofessionals. Training is provided through classroom education, computer-based training and video conferencing. The education department sponsors seminars and grand rounds for medical staff and coordinates lectures for University of Minnesota medical students.
AMRTC also operates internship and practicum experiences for students in psychology, social work, recreational therapy and nursing.
AMRTC is accredited by the Minnesota Medical Association to provide Continuing Medical Education for physicians.
As of January 1, 2014, AMRTC is working with Minnesota Community Offender Management to provide volunteer opportunities to inmates of the minimum security Plymouth Work House (ACF)
Controversies
In the 1970s there were a number of issues with the patients who would escape the hospital grounds. The patients would shoplift, start fires and loiter. Female patients would also be lured off the hospital grounds and be sexually assaulted by members of the community.
In 1976 a patient escaped, broke into a nearby home and murdered a woman, Mary Galbraith.
On May 29, 1984, workers at the AMRTC picketed demanding better protections after a worker was assaulted by a patient. Anoka Police had been providing security to the establishment through December 1994, but ended the arrangement because officers were limited in what kinds of actions they could take in what is considered a hospital situation.
On January 30, 1996, a patient escaped AMRTC by climbing over a fence. Police responded and tried to apprehend the patient, but he was able to steal a police car by entering through the passenger-side door and led police on a short pursuit. The patient stopped a few blocks away and surrendered to police.
References
http://www.mprnews.org/story/2013/01/24/politics/dayton-mental-health-center-funding
http://abcnewspapers.com/2013/07/18/heartfelt-thanks-for-treatment-center-volunteers/
External links
Official Site
Buildings and structures in Anoka County, Minnesota
Psychiatric hospitals in Minnesota
Anoka, Minnesota
1900 establishments in Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoka%20Metro%20Regional%20Treatment%20Center |
Sikhism in Pakistan has an extensive heritage and history, although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, a part of the larger Punjab region where the religion originated in the Middle Ages, with some also residing in Peshawar in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, is located in Pakistan's Punjab province. Moreover, the place where Guru Nanak Dev died, the Gurudwara Kartarpur Sahib is also located in the same province.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Sikh community became a major political power in Punjab, with Sikh leader Maharaja Ranjit Singh founding the Sikh Empire which had its capital in Lahore, the second-largest city in Pakistan today.
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population comprised roughly 1.67 million persons or 6.2 percent of the total population in the region that would ultimately become Pakistan, notably concentrated in West Punjab, within the contemporary province of Punjab, Pakistan, where the Sikh population stood at roughly 1.53 million persons or 8.8 percent of the total population. At the time of the Partition of India in 1947, it is estimated that the Sikh population increased to over 2 million persons in the region which became Pakistan with significant populations existing in the largest cities in the Punjab such as Lahore, Rawalpindi and Faisalabad (then Lyallpur). After Partition of Punjab, Sikh population in Pakistan felt unsaved due to the occurrence of severe riots and mass scale persecution over there and soon almost entirety of the Sikh population left Pakistan's West Punjab for India's East Punjab and Delhi.
In the decades following Pakistan's formation in 1947, the Sikh community began to re-organize, forming the Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (PSGPC) to represent the community and protect the holy sites and heritage of the Sikh religion in Pakistan. It is headed by Satwant Singh. The Pakistani government has begun to allow Sikhs from India to make pilgrimages to Sikh places of worship in Pakistan and for Pakistani Sikhs to travel to India.
History
Colonial era
Prior to independence in 1947, 2 million Sikhs resided in the present day Pakistan and were spread all across Northern Pakistan, specifically the Punjab region and played an important role in its economy as farmers, businessmen, and traders. Significant populations of Sikhs inhabited the largest cities in the Punjab such as Lahore, Rawalpindi and Lyallpur.
Lahore, the capital of Punjab, was then and still is today the location of many important Sikh religious and historical sites, including the Samadhi of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who is referred to as Sher-e-Punjab .The nearby town of Nankana Sahib has nine Gurudwaras, and is the birthplace of Sikhism's founder, Guru Nanak Sahib. Each of Nankana Sahib's gurdwaras are associated with different events in Guru Nanak Dev's life. The town remains an important site of pilgrimage for Sikhs worldwide.
Sikh organizations, including the Chief Khalsa Dewan and Shiromani Akali Dal led by Master Tara Singh, condemned the Lahore Resolution and the movement to create Pakistan, viewing it as welcoming possible persecution; the Sikhs largely thus strongly opposed the partition of India.
Partition of India (1947)
The majority of the Sikhs and Hindus of West Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan migrated to India after the independence of Pakistan in 1947, resulting in a fraction of the Sikh communities that formerly existed previously. These Sikh and Hindu refugee communities have had a major influence in the culture and economics of the Indian capital city of Delhi. Today, segments of the populations of East Punjab and Haryana states and Delhi in India can trace their ancestry back to towns and villages now in Pakistan, including former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
Modern era
Sikhs have mainly kept a low profile within the monolithic Muslim population of Pakistan. Though, Pakistan maintains the title of Islamic state, the articles twenty, twenty-one and twenty-two in chapter two of its constitution guarantees religious freedom to the non-Muslim residents. Since independence in 1947, relations between Pakistan's minorities and the Muslim majority have remained fairly and politically stable.
From 1984 to 2002, Pakistan held a system of separate electorates for all its national legislative assemblies, with only a handful of parliamentary seats reserved for minority members. Minorities were legally only permitted to vote for designated minority candidates in general elections.
The regime of former President General Pervez Musharraf had professed an agenda of equality for minorities and promotion and protection of minority rights, however, the implementation of corrective measures has been slow. Considerable amount of Sikhs are found in neighbourhood called Narayanpura of Karachi's Ranchore Lines.
The historical and holy sites of Sikhs are maintained by a Pakistani governmental body, the Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, which is responsible for their upkeep and preservation.
The emergence of the Sikh community within Pakistan
After the independence of Pakistan and the migration of nearly all Sikhs to India the Sikh community's rights were significantly diminished as their population decreased. Today, the largest urban Sikh population in Pakistan is found in Peshawar, in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, where the Pashtun law of "nanawati" (protection) spared the scale of violence which had raged across the Indus River in Punjab. Despite the longstanding tensions between the Sikh and Muslim communities in South Asia, the Pashtuns were tolerant towards the religious minority of Sikhs. There are small pockets of Sikhs in Lahore and Nankana Sahib in Punjab.
There has been an influx of Sikhs refugees from Afghanistan to Pakistan due to the turbulent civil war and conflicts that have ravaged neighboring Afghanistan, and many of these Sikhs have settled in Peshawar. Afghanistan, like Pakistan, has had small Sikh and Hindu populations. There has been a massive exodus of refugees from Afghanistan into Pakistan during the past 30 years of turmoil up to the reign of the Taliban and the subsequent US invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001. Due to Pakistan's porous borders with Afghanistan, large numbers of Afghanistan's minority communities, based mainly around the cities of Kabul, Kandahar, and Jalalabad have fled, and some Sikhs have joined their kinsmen in Peshawar and Lahore.
The Pakistani Constitution states that Sikhism is a monotheistic religion. Recently the Sikh community within Pakistan has been making every effort possible to progress in Pakistan. For example, Hercharn Singh became the first Sikh to join the Pakistan Army. For the first time in the 58-year history of Pakistan there has a Sikh been selected into Pakistan's army. Prior to Harcharan Singh's selection in the Pakistani army no individual person who was a member of the Hindu or the Sikh community were ever enrolled in the army, however; the Pakistani Christian community has prominently served in the Pakistan Armed Forces and some had even reached the ranks of Major Generals in the army, Air Vice Marshals in the Pakistan Air Force and rear Admiral in the Pakistan Navy. It has received various awards for gallantry and valor. Moreover, members of the tiny Parsi community have some representation in the Armed Forces. Other prominent Sikhs are Inspector Amarjeet Singh of Pakistan Rangers and Lance-naik Behram Singh of Pakistan Coast Guard.
In 2007, the Pakistan Government proposed the Sikh marriage act that allows Sikh marriages in Pakistan be registered. But it was not passed. In 2017, the Punjab legislative assembly passed the Anand Karaj act thereby allowing the Sikh marriage in Punjab province be registered. In the Sindh province, the Sikh marriages are registered under the Sindh Hindu Marriage Act of 2016.
Demographics
According to the Government of Pakistan's National Database and Registration Authority, there were 6,146 Sikhs registered in Pakistan in 2012. A 2010 survey by the Sikh Resource and Study Centre reported 50,000 Sikhs living in Pakistan. Most are settled in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa followed by Sindh and Punjab. Other sources, including the US Department of State, claim the Sikh population in Pakistan to be as high as 20,000. In a news article published in December 2022, there was an estimated 30,000–35,000 Sikhs in Pakistan according to Gurpal Singh and Sikhs will be included as a separate category and enumerated on the upcoming 2023 Census of Pakistan. The results of the 2023 census will be a milestone in the first official inclusion of Sikhs since the formation of Pakistan as a sovereign nation. Though full community counts have not yet been available, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) does provide the numbers of eligible voters belonging to minority religions (registered in electoral rolls):
2013: 5,934 Sikh Voters
2018: 8,852 Sikh Voters
1941 census
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population in Pakistan comprised roughly 1.67 million persons or 6.2 percent of the total population. With the exception of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, all administrative divisions in the region that compose contemporary Pakistan collected religious data, with a combined population of 26,970,214, for an overall response rate of 91.9 percent out of the total population of 29,347,813, as detailed in the table below.
Punjab
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population in West Punjab (the region that composes contemporary Punjab, Pakistan) was approximately 1,530,112, or 8.82 percent of the total population. At the district level in the West Punjab region, the largest Sikh concentrations existed in Sheikhupura District (Sikhs formed 18.85 percent of the total population and numbered 160,706 persons), Lyallpur District (18.82 percent or 262,737 persons), Lahore District (18.32 percent or 310,646 persons), Montgomery District (13.17 percent or 175,064 persons), and Sialkot District (11.71 percent or 139,409 persons).
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
During the colonial era (British India), prior to the partition in 1947, decadal censuses enumerated religion in North-West Frontier Province, and not in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Both administrative divisions later amalgamated to become Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population in North-West Frontier Province (part of the region that composes contemporary Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) was approximately 57,939, or 1.9 percent of the total population. At the district level in North-West Frontier Province, the largest Sikh concentrations existed in Peshawar District (Sikhs formed 2.82 percent of the total population and numbered 24,030 persons), Mardan District (2.34 percent or 11,838 persons), and Bannu District (2.07 percent or 6,112 persons).
At the tehsil level in North-West Frontier Province, as per the 1941 census, the largest Sikh concentrations existed in Peshawar Tehsil (Sikhs formed 3.97 percent of the total population and numbered 15,454 persons), Kohat Tehsil (3.15 percent or 3,613 persons), Nowshera Tehsil (3.04 percent or 6,636 persons), Mardan Tehsil (3.04 percent or 9,091 persons), and Bannu Tehsil (2.82 percent or 5,285 persons).
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population in urban portions of North-West Frontier Province was approximately 41,399, or 7.5 percent of the total urban population. Cities/urban areas in North-West Frontier Province with the largest Sikh concentrations included Mardan (Sikhs formed 14.15 percent of the total population and numbered 6,014 persons), Bannu (12.71 percent or 4,894 persons), Risalpur (11.37 percent or 1,024 persons), Haripur (11.1 percent or 1,035 persons), and Abbottabad (9.77 percent or 2,680 persons).
Balochistan
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population in Baluchistan Agency (the region that composes contemporary Balochistan, Pakistan) was approximately 12,044, or 1.4 percent of the total population. At the district/princely state level in Baluchistan Agency, the largest Sikh concentrations existed in Quetta–Pishin District (Sikhs formed 5.62 percent of the total population and numbered 8,787 persons), Bolan District (3.06 percent or 184 persons), Zhob District (1.75 percent or 1,076 persons), Loralai District (1.34 percent or 1,124 persons), and Chaghai District (0.6 percent or 181 persons).
According to the 1941 census, the Sikh population in urban portions of Baluchistan Agency was approximately 11,041, or 9.7 percent of the total urban population. Cities/urban areas in Baluchistan Agency with the largest Sikh concentrations included Loralai (Sikhs formed 21.9 percent of the total population and numbered 1,116 persons), Quetta (11.42 percent or 7,364 persons), Fort Sandeman (10.73 percent or 1,004 persons), Chaman (10.48 percent or 697 persons), and Pishin (9.68 percent or 183 persons).
Religious Persecution
In Pakistan multiple incidents of discrimination against religious minorities have occurred. These attacks are usually blamed on religious extremists but certain laws in the Pakistan Criminal Code and government inaction are also thought to cause these attacks to surge. Sunni militant groups operate with impunity across Pakistan, as law enforcement officials either turn a blind eye or appear helpless to prevent widespread attacks against religious minorities. Sikhs have been victims of massacres, targeted assassinations and forced conversions, mostly in Peshawar. It is a fact that the population of Sikhs in Pakistan is steadily decreasing. Non-Muslim Pakistanis, including Sikhs, continue to grapple with significant challenges of persecution and religious discrimination. In response to alleged death threats, numerous Sikh families have sought refuge in other nations deemed "safer" to secure their well-being.
Pakistani Sikh diaspora
Many Pakistani Sikhs have emigrated to countries like the United Kingdom (UK), Canada and Thailand. According to the UK's 2001 census, there were 346 Pakistani Sikhs in the UK. There is also a growing Pakistani Sikh expatriate community in the United Arab Emirates.
Notable Pakistani Sikhs
Following are some of notable Pakistani Sikhs:
Politics
Ramesh Singh Arora: first Sikh member of Provincial Assembly of the Punjab of Pakistan
Suran Singh: member of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly; served as Minister for Minorities
Gurdeep Singh: sikh member of the upper house of Pakistani Parliament after 2021 Pakistani Senate election
Music
The first Pakistani Sikh musician also emerged on the music industry in 2009, Jassi Lailpuria, launched his first song on independence day entitled, Sohna Pakistan. A Sikh named Taranjeet Singh is an VJ, anchor and host on PTV channel.
Rupinder Singh Magon (Rup Magon), from the band Josh, is also a superstar in Pakistan and is he was also part of Coke Studio.
Sikh Gurdwaras in Pakistan
Gallery
Attack on Sikh Community
In 2009, the Taliban in Pakistan demanded that Sikhs in the region pay them the jizya (poll tax levied by Muslims on non-Muslim minorities). In 2010, the Taliban attacked many minorities including Sikhs resulting in two beheadings.
See also
Pakistan Sikh Council
Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee
2010 Sikh beheadings by the Taliban
History of Sikhism
Notes
References
External links
Muslim leaders condemn brutal killing of Sikhs by Taliban in Pakistan. TCN News.
Persecution by Muslims | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism%20in%20Pakistan |
Ildéphonse Nizeyimana (born 5 october 1963) is a Rwandan soldier, who was convicted of having participated in the Rwandan genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
Life
An ethnic Hutu, Nizeyimana was born in Gisenyi prefecture on 5 October 1963, in the same commune as President Juvénal Habyarimana. In 1994, he held the rank of captain in the Rwandan Armed Forces, and was the second-in-command, after Tharcisse Muvunyi, of the École des sous-officiers (ESO). He was convicted of ordering the execution of Queen Dowager Rosalie Gicanda at the beginning of the killings in Butare.
On November 27, 2000, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) issued an indictment against Nizeyimana, charging him with "genocide, or in the alternative complicity in genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, and crimes against humanity." Specifically, the indictment alleged that during the genocide, Nizeyimana had "instigated, encouraged, facilitated, or acquiesced to [...], the Interahamwe committing killings, kidnappings and the destruction of property." He was described as "one of [the] highest targets" of the ICTR.
On October 6, 2009, Nizeyimana was arrested in the Ugandan capital Kampala, apparently traveling from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Kenya on false documents. The United States government had previously offered a reward of up to US$5 million for information leading to his arrest or conviction.
On September 29, 2014, the ICTR confirmed the conviction of Nizeyimana for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity for his personal involvement in the killings, including the killing of Queen Gicanda. They reduced his sentence from life imprisonment to 35 years.
References
External links
U.S. State Department press release about Nizeyimana
Rwandan soldiers
1963 births
Living people
Hutu people
People convicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Fugitives wanted on genocide charges
Fugitives wanted on crimes against humanity charges
Rwandan people convicted of genocide
Rwandan people convicted of murder
Rwandan people convicted of crimes against humanity
Rwandan people convicted of war crimes
Rwandan prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People from Rubavu District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ild%C3%A9phonse%20Nizeyimana |
The Fallen may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Fictional entities
The Fallen (comics), character in Marvel Comics
The Fallen (Transformers), a Transformers comic book and movie character
Film and television
The Fallen (1926 film), a German silent film
The Fallen (2004 film), a 2004 film about World War II
The Fallen (Arrow), an episode of Arrow
Games
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen, a 2000 video game
The Fallen, also known as Eliksni, are a race in Destiny and Destiny 2.
Literature
Series
The Fallen (series), a series of novels authored by Thomas E. Sniegoski
Books
The Fallen (Higson novel), book 5 in Charlie Higson's young adult horror series, The Enemy
The Fallen, a novel by Stephen Finucan
The Fallen (2016), a futuristic Christian novel by Robert Don Hughes, published by Venture Press
The Fallen, a novel by T. Jefferson Parker
Poetry
For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon, often recited at Remembrance Day services.
Music
Groups
We Are the Fallen, a band consisting of several former Evanescence members
Songs
"The Fallen", a 2006 song by the rock band Franz Ferdinand
"The Fallen", a 2012 song by Hoobastank from Fight or Flight
"The Fallen", a song by the metal band Suicide Silence
See also
Fallen (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fallen |
Extreme Music From Women is a compilation album released in 2000 on the Susan Lawly label.
Track listing
Rosemary Malign - "No You Listen"
Lisa & Naomi Tocatly - "Stiletto Nights""
Delores Dewberry - "Paragraph 64"
Candi Nook - "Schizephrenisis II''
Annabel Lee - "Lycanthropy"
Mira Calix - "Too Slim For Suicide"
Clara Clamp - "September"
Debra Petrovich - "Dislocated"
Karen Thomas - "Puritan"
Betty Cannery - "Closeted"
Gaya Donadio - "Indiscretion"
Maria Moran - "Tattoo"
Frl. Tost - "I Hate You, Laura"
Wendy Van Dusen - "Dog"
Cat Hope - "Mindimi Trek"
Diane Nelson - "Mounted Insect - Dissected Insect"
External links
2000 compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20Music%20from%20Women |
According to 2007 statistics released by the U.S. Department of State concerning Islam in Nicaragua, there are approximately 1,200 to 1,500 Muslims, mostly Sunnis who are resident aliens or naturalized citizens from Palestine, Libya, and Iran or natural-born Nicaraguan citizens born to both of the two groups. The Islamic Cultural Center in Managua serves as the primary salaat (prayer) center for Muslims in the city, with approximately 320 men attending on a regular basis. Muslims from Granada, Masaya, Leon, and Chinandega also travel to the Managua center for Friday prayers. Granada, Masaya, and Leon have smaller prayer centers in the homes of prominent local Muslims. In May 2007 the Sunni leader of the Managua prayer center was dismissed, due to the increase in Iranian influence in the Muslim community and was to be replaced by a Shi'a religious leader. By the end of the reporting period (May 2007) the Shi'a leader had not been identified.
Background
Early Immigration
Muslim immigration occurred in moderate numbers in Nicaragua in the late 19th century. The majority were Palestinian Arab Muslims; the immigration constituted one of the largest waves of immigration to Central America. Although the exact number of Palestinians is not available, Guzmán writes "it is possible that from the end of the nineteenth century until 1917, when the Ottoman Empire entered its final decline, during World War I, 40 Palestinian families arrived in Nicaragua".
This early wave of immigrants quickly lost their Islamic roots and blended into the local population, often by adopting a Christian heritage due to intermarrying and government pressure. At different points during the 1890s to the 1940s Nicaragua, and many other Latin American countries, established laws or issued ordinances that restricted the entry of Arabs, forbade the stay of Arabs already present in the country and curtailed the expansion of their commercial activities.
Immigration: 1960s through 2000
The second group of immigrants in the 1960s was better educated, but not any more oriented towards Islam than the first. This group was affected by two major events in Nicaragua: the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake, and the Nicaraguan Revolution in 1979. At that time, many of the former Palestinians immigrated to North America or returned to Palestine. Those that stayed suffered greatly and their families were further assimilated into Christianity. The latest and smallest group of émigrés was in the early 1990s. Many of these were immigrants returning to Nicaragua who had since become more aware of their Muslim heritage from exposure in North America or Palestine. These immigrants also possessed a stronger Islamic identity than previous groups, enabling an Islamic reawakening by the community.
By 2000 it was estimated that there were 500 families of Palestine Arabs and Palestinian descendants in Nicaragua. The Palestinians that arrived in Nicaragua were mostly Christians and a small number of Muslims, the majority of which came from rural villages near Ramallah, Jerusalem, Beit Jala and Bethlehem. The total population of Palestinians in Nicaragua ranks as the largest Arab community in Central America.
Recent developments
According to Fahmi Hassan, President of the 'Asociación Cultural Nicaragüense-Islámica, the Muslim population consists primarily of Arabs who immigrated from Palestinian territories and Lebanon, in addition to a number of indigenous converts. In 1999, the first masjid (mosque) was constructed in the country on a parcel of land measuring three thousand meters in the San Juan district (Ciudad Jardin) with a capacity for nearly one thousand people. The masjid provides introductory courses on Islamic doctrine, as well as a place for performance of the congregational Friday prayer (Salaat al-Jummah) and Ramadan activities. Although the small Muslim community initially lacked finances, they were assisted by contributions from a delegation of Panamanian Muslims. Besides its characteristic minar, the liturgical office has a library, prayer room, administrative office, children's area, and a school. Religious seminars are offered for both men and women; Spanish language pamphlets are also distributed. Additionally, another new Islamic Center was recently inaugurated, called the Centro Cultural Islámico Nicaragüense. It is operated by a group of Shiite Muslims and their main goal is the propagation of Islamic teachings. Population of Shiite Muslims existed in Nicaragua from migration of Iranian refugees escaping Iranian Revolution of 1979 and escaping turmoil of Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s, the Iran–Nicaragua ties strengthened the influence of Shia Islam. Most Shi'ite Muslim Nicaraguans are of Iranian blood, they may still speak Persian and/or other Iranian language, aside from Arabic and Spanish. in the 2018 protests in Managua there was little identified participation by the Muslim community
References
External links
Latino Dawah
El Nuevo Diario (in Spanish)
Valeria Imhof (2003). Urcuyo calma a los árabes. El Nuevo Diario
Edwin Sánchez (2006). El respeto al profeta ajeno es la paz. El Nuevo Diario
Elhamalawy, Salma (2003), Celebrating Ramadan from Chile to China.
Mauricio Pineda Cruz, Carlos (July 2005). Al-Qaeda's Unlikely Allies in Central America. Terrorism Monitor Vol. 3, Issue 1
Marín-Guzmán, Roberto (2000). A Century of Palestinian Immigration into Central America: A study of their economic and cultural contributions. San Jose, CR: Universidad de Costa Rica.
International Religious Freedom Report 2005, U.S. Department of State
International Religious Freedom Report 2001, U.S. Department of State
The Islamic Bulletin, Islam in Nicaragua
Religion in Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Nicaragua |
The Beretta AS70/90 was a light machine gun or squad automatic weapon derived from the Beretta AR70/90 rifle system. It used the same gas operated, rotating bolt system as the rifle but fired from an open bolt and had a much heavier fixed barrel.
There were some minor cosmetic changes from the rifle, including an enhanced front hand grip and enlarged handguard around the barrel. The stock was modified slightly to support the shooter's shoulder and provides a grip for the support hand.
The carrying handle was removable and its mounting can be used for a variety of optics.
The AS70/90 light machine gun had been introduced by Beretta as a response to the requests of the Italian Army, which by the time (the late 1980s) was looking for a more compact and handy squad automatic weapon to replace in this role the MG-42/59 (Italian license-made version of the German Rheinmetall MG3 machine-gun). The AS70/90 anyway never passed well the extremely stringent trial tests it underwent by the Alpini troops of the Italian Army. The open bolt working system made this gun more sensitive to the penetration of dirt and other elements which caused frequent jamming and malfunctions. Furthermore, the AS70/90 fed only by STANAG magazines; and although this includes the possibility of using the high-capacity (100-rounds) Beta C-Mag, this was still too little for the necessity of the Italian Armed Forces, who wanted a belt-fed weapon with magazine-feeding possibility as an emergency optional. As a result, the AS70/90 was discarded, the FN MINIMI light machine-gun being adopted instead (and being since manufactured under license in Italy by Beretta). The AS70/90 never interested any other customer, and quickly went out of the Beretta Defence/Police catalogues. The very few samples manufactured are today in the hands of Beretta itself and of the Italian Armed Forces, which make no use of it.
Sources
Charles Cutshaw, Tactical small arms of the 21st century
5.56 mm machine guns
Machine guns of Italy
Squad automatic weapons
AS70 90 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beretta%20AS70/90 |
Area codes 304 and 681 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the entirety of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The numbering plan area was established in October 1947 with area code 304, as one of the eighty-six original North American area codes. Area code 681 was added to the same area in an overlay plan that took effect on March 28, 2009.
History
Due to West Virginia's low population, the state was one of the last remaining states with only one area code in the early 21st century. With the growth of telecommunication services, in particular proliferation of cell and mobile phones and fax machines, news reports in 2007 indicated that West Virginia would soon need a new area code.
On January 29, 2008, the West Virginia Public Service Commission voted 2-1 for a split of numbering plan area 304, while commission chairman Michael Albert dissented in favor of an overlay. The proposed split had Charleston, Parkersburg and points south (Huntington, Bluefield, Beckley) staying with area code 304, while the northern and eastern portions of the state (Wheeling, Morgantown, Martinsburg, Clarksburg) would have received a new area code. Telecommunications service providers were in favor of an overlay, instead of a split. They wanted to spare their northern West Virginia customers, particularly in rural areas, the burden of having to change telephone numbers, which would have required reprogramming of all cell phones. An overlay would have had the effect of assigning a total of 15.6 million telephone numbers to a state of just over 1.8 million people.
Over the following two weeks, numerous state and local government officials and various business interests voiced strong opposition to a split, in favor of the overlay option. Governor Joe Manchin voiced his support of an overlay. Several telecommunications providers officially appealed to the Public Service Commission for an overlay, which was unanimously approved by all three commissioners on February 13, 2008. It was the first example of an entire state previously served by a single code installing an overlay plan. This example has since been followed by Idaho, where area code 208 was overlaid with 986 in 2017.
At one time, 932 was reserved for use as a future area code in West Virginia, but there has since been a 304-932 exchange code assigned in Charleston. West Virginia is not projected to need another area code in the foreseeable future.
Implementation details of the new area code were announced in NANPA Planning Letter #375 in March 2008. Permissive ten-digit local dialing of numbers in the existing 304 area code began no later than July 26, 2008. During this period, local 304 calls could still be dialed with just seven digits. Mandatory ten-digit local dialing of existing 304 numbers took effect on February 28, 2009. New numbers for area code 681 became available on March 28, 2009, one month after the start of mandatory ten-digit dialing. A telephone number (681-990-TEST (8378)) for testing proper routing to the new area code from any West Virginia telephone number went into service on December 28, 2008, and remained active through June 28, 2009.
NPA 304 central offices
The rate center for prefix 349 is called "Lawford"
The rate center for prefix 762 is called "Union Ridge"
The rate center for prefix 783 is called "Sardis"
The rate center for prefix 795 is called "Joetown"
The rate center for prefix 798 is called "Daybrook"
The rate center for prefix 866 is called "Canaan Valley"
The rate center for prefix 968 is called "Dutch Ridge"
NPA 681 central offices
NOTE: Prefix 976 is assigned to Charleston, and requires dialing 1-681 first.
References
External links
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947
Telecommunications-related introductions in 2009
304
304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20304%20and%20681 |
Julia Emma Greville (born 18 February 1979) is an Australian middle-distance freestyle swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Coming from Perth, Western Australia, Greville emerged onto the scene in 1995, winning the 200-metre freestyle at the Australian Championships and going on to win a silver medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay at the 1995 Pan Pacific Championships in Atlanta, Georgia. At the Atlanta Olympics the following year, Greville reached the final of the 200-metre freestyle, as well as collecting a bronze medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay, alongside Susie O'Neill, Nicole Stevenson and Emma Johnson.
Greville's emergence was complete when she claimed a bronze medal in the 200-metre freestyle at the 1998 FINA World Championships in Perth, as well as the relay event. However, aside from a relay gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay, she failed to medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
In 1999, Greville sustained a shoulder injury from a car accident. Due to this injury, Greville withdrew from the 1999 Pan Pacific Games in order to surgically repair her shoulder. Five weeks from Olympic Trials Greville's shoulder failed. Greville swam trials with an injured shoulder missing selection for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
See also
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (women)
References
1979 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Swimmers from Perth, Western Australia
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Australian female freestyle swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportswomen from Western Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia%20Greville |
Undead is a collective name for supernatural entities that are deceased yet behave as if alive.
Undead or The Undead may also refer to:
Fictional characters
Undead (Dungeons & Dragons), a classification of monsters in Dungeons & Dragons
Undead (Kamen Rider), a race of monsters in the TV series Kamen Rider Blade
Undead (Warhammer), an army of monsters in Warhammer games
Undead, a type of character in Heroscape
Skeleton (undead), undead manifested as skeletons
Film
The Undead (film), a 1957 horror film directed by Roger Corman
Undead (film), a 2003 horror comedy film
Music
Undead (Six Feet Under album), 2012
Undead (Tad Morose album), or the title song, 2000
Undead (Ten Years After album), 1968
"Undead" (song), by Hollywood Undead, 2008
"Undead", a song by The Haunted from The Haunted
The Undead, an American horror punk band, or a 1995 album by the band
Other uses
Undead (series), a series of vampire romance novels by MaryJanice Davidson
Undead (board game), a 1981 game from Steve Jackson Games
Undead (Mayfair Games), a 1986 supplement for fantasy role-playing games published by Mayfair Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undead%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Article One of the United States Constitution gives the Senate the power to "determine the elections, returns, and qualifications" of its own members. As a result, the Senate has been asked to review the election of one of its members many times.
Election cases
References
Disputes
Disputes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20United%20States%20Senate%20election%20disputes |
Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 is an International Labour Organization Convention for migrant workers.
It was established in 1949, with the preamble stating:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the revision of the Migration for Employment Convention, 1939,...
And the Article 1 states that: Each Member of the International Labour Organisation for which this Convention is in force undertakes to make available on request to the International Labour Office and to each Member,
a) information on national policies, law and regulations relating to emigration and immigration.
b) information on special provisions concerning migration for employment and the conditions of work and livelihood of migrants for employment.
c) information concerning general agreement and special arrangements on these questions concluded by the Member.
The convention was followed up by Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 and United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
Modification
The principles contained in the convention are a revision of ILO Convention C66, Migration for Employment Convention, 1939, which was not ratified by any countries and never came into force.
Ratifications
As of 2021, the convention has been ratified by 53 states. Former parties to the statute include Yugoslavia and Zanzibar.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Migrant workers
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1949
Treaties entered into force in 1952
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of the Bahamas
Treaties of Barbados
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Belize
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Burkina Faso
Treaties of the military dictatorship in Brazil
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of the Comoros
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties of Dominica
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
Treaties of West Germany
Treaties of Grenada
Treaties of Guatemala
Treaties of Guyana
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Jamaica
Treaties of Kenya
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Madagascar
Treaties of Malawi
Treaties of Malaysia
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of Moldova
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Nigeria
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of the Philippines
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of Saint Lucia
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Sierra Leone
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of Somalia
Treaties of Francoist Spain
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of Tanzania
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Yugoslavia
Treaties of Zambia
Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation
Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to British Honduras
Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate
Treaties extended to the Colony of North Borneo
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to British Cyprus
Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to British Guiana
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to British Kenya
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to British Mauritius
Treaties extended to the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
Treaties extended to Tanganyika (territory)
Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate
Treaties extended to Northern Rhodesia
Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar
1949 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration%20for%20Employment%20Convention%20%28Revised%29%2C%201949 |
The Canal Area comprises two neighborhoods of San Rafael, California, designated by the city as the "Canal Waterfront" and the "Canal." The Canal Area is bounded on the east by San Francisco Bay, on the north by the San Rafael Canal and on the south and west by Highways 101 and I-580 and by San Quentin Ridge. Land use is split almost evenly between residential and non-residential (commercial/industrial) uses. The Canal Area provides a substantial portion of the low-income housing in Marin County, one of the most affluent counties in the United States, along with Marin City. It is also the location of transportation and waste management facilities serving Marin County and the North Bay.
Demographics and housing
Most of San Rafael's low-income residents live in the Canal Area, along with many affluent residents. There is at least one concern (on Harbor Way) that rents slips for boats that people can live aboard legally. The more affluent residents live in the houses constructed in the 1960s right on the Canal and in two housing developments in the eastern part of the Canal's residential area: Baypoint Lagoons (constructed in the late 1990s) and Spinnaker Point (constructed earlier). Some real-estate agents refer to these two developments as being in "East San Rafael", to avoid the stigma of the name "Canal Area". This area provides a location for workers who hold low-income jobs that are essential to the functioning of the community to live close to their place of employment. Although the majority of residents in this area are low-income workers, most of the apartments in which they live are neither subsidized nor less expensive than comparable apartments elsewhere in San Rafael.
Parks and public facilities
Between the newer housing developments and the Bay is a paved path called Shoreline Park, which is a scenic place to take a walk or a bike ride. Along with a bike path owned by the Spinnaker Point Homeowner's Association (which forms the West side of the square), Shoreline Park forms a square 0.25 miles (400 m) long and 0.25 miles (400 m) wide. The easiest way to visit Shoreline Park is to visit Pickleweed Park, then to walk east along the north side of the square. Pickleweed Park is home to a large community center and to soccer fields and a playground.
There are many dozen, perhaps hundreds, of stores, shops, offices and other commercial operations in the West and the South of the area (including most of San Rafael's auto-body shops). Country Club Bowl, Marin County's only surviving bowling center, is located here.
Large land users
Industrial Light and Magic occupied many tens of thousands of square feet of office space here and in 1997 built a "main stage" here for the production of movie special effects. The main stage is still in use, but most of the office space was moved to San Francisco in 2005.
Transportation and waste processing facilities
The southeastern portion of the Canal Area, between I-580 and San Quentin Ridge, is the base for several transportation and waste processing facilities serving large portions of Marin County. They include:
Central Marin Sanitation Agency, 1301 Anderson Drive
Golden Gate Transit bus yard and maintenance facility
Marin Recycling Center
Marin Resource Recovery Center
Marin Sanitary Service and its transfer station
United Parcel Service
Closed landfills
The "East San Rafael" area (the eastern portion of the Canal Area between the Bay and San Quentin Ridge), was home to most of the garbage disposal sites in central Marin County, including the following (links are to the California Integrated Waste Management Board, Solid Waste Information System, which is continuously updated):
Ghilotti Brothers Disposal Site, Morphew Street, closed
San Quentin Disposal Site, 1615 Francisco Boulevard, closed 1988
Horst Hanf Landfill/Bayview Park, Francisco Boulevard, closed
Bellam Blvd Landfill AKA San Rafael Landfill, closed 1988
Francisco Landfill, Pelican Way at Kerner Boulevard, unpermitted
See also
Landfill in the United States
References
External links
www.cwcenter.org, Community based nonprofit organization managed by Canal residents.
Canal Alliance, a local community organization
Chicano and Mexican neighborhoods in California
Neighborhoods in San Rafael, California
Guatemalan American
History of Marin County, California
Former landfills in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal%20Area%2C%20San%20Rafael%2C%20California |
is a shōjo manga by Megumi Tachikawa. From the February 1997 issue to the June 1999 issue, it appeared as a serial in the Japanese manga magazine Nakayoshi. Kodansha compiled the twenty-seven chapters into five bound volumes and published them from October 1997 to September 1999.
It is a fantasy adventure tale about a young girl called Yuuki Wakasa, who one day acquires a magical red stone. The stone allows her to travel to Takamagahara (高天原 "High Plane of Heaven"), the dream world, when she sleeps, and can only return to Nakatsukuni (中ツ国 "middle country"), the real world, when she goes to sleep in the dream.
Yuuki discovers that she must save the sun, Amaterasu, from being trapped and destroyed in Takamagahara, or the light will be lost from both worlds forever.
The manga has been translated and republished in German by Egmont Manga & Anime from November 2002 to May 2003, and English by Tokyopop from August 2004 to August 2005. The series has since gone out of print.
Characters
Yuuki Wakasa is the heroine of the story. Because of her mother's personality she has to look after her three brothers, Kousuke, the oldest brother, and the twins Youichi and Youji. She uses Seiza for punishment. She is a loud, outgoing and clumsy 5th grader that can make everyone shut up. She was once a normal fifth grader until a strange stone fell from the sky in her hands. After that she was sent to find the four other stone bearers and save Amaterasu. Unlike the others, Yuuki travels between Nakatsukuni and Takamagahara in the same body. She is easily moved to tears by the plights of nature caused by noncaring humans. Yuuki is also called "Horizon Girl". She is also the next Lady Amaterasu. She also has a crush on Takaomi, which later on confesses her feelings towards him.
Takaomi Kai is a boy in Yuuki's class and her crush. He has an older brother, but he never appears in the manga. In Nakatsukuni, he has a mellow attitude and cares about Yuuki which is about the only thing he has in common with the Takaomi in Takamagahara. The one in Takamagahara is 15 years old and a leader of a band of thieves. His hobbies are eating, sleeping, and hitting on every girl he meets. He says that he does it to be polite. He is very aggressive and violent. He also has a mysterious mark on his forehead.
Takaomi also is the recipient of a magic stone. He too has a part in the legend as he finds out after rescuing Princess Kana from the crystal snake. King Tsukuyomi reveals that Takaomi's role in the legend is to transform into the god of destruction and eat Amaterasu. This will destroy both worlds.
Binga
Karyubinga, or Binga to Yuuki, is a female bird. When Yuuki uses her powers, she can make Binga bigger anytime she likes. Only those with a magic stone can talk with Binga. Binga has a fiery temper.
Souta Inaba is in Yuuki's class. He enjoys studying and is very smart (which he often likes to point out, especially to Nachi). He tends to argue quite often with Nachi. In Takamagahara, Souta is a long-haired priest who predicts the future by dropping his stone into water. They use his fortune-telling skills to make money in Takamagahara, seeing as all of the others tend to get fired from their jobs because of their constant arguing. He has been researching "the end of the legend," and tells Yuuki that he never thought that he'd be part of that legend. Souta has a fear of ghosts. The symbol on his stone is "sariyasu" (cloth).
He goes to the same school as Yuuki, but is not in the same class. He's sort of a bully, and is said to have beaten a junior high student. He has an older sister (which was never shown), and he doesn't spend much time studying. He first meets Yuuki and the others in Takamagahara when he attacks Takaomi for the bounty on his head. He then finds a magic stone in the net that the poacher used, and that's when he gets his memories from Nakatsukuni. He then meets Yuuki in Nakatasukini when he discovers that she checked out a book from the library that he was going to borrow, telling her afterwards that there is another student in his class with a magic stone. He has a crush on Miss Nakime.
In Nakatsukuni, Keima is Taizou's classmate. He loves to recycle things and invent things from the trash the gathers. He's good in school. In Takamagahara, he is an innovator. He still loves to sift through trash. He is 15 years old.
In Nakatsukuni, Nachi is Yuuki's classmate. He is good at sports, but he puts no effort into his studying. He will grow up to inherit his parents' company. He has a crush on Takaomi. In Takamagahara, he is the only one with a different gender. He is a 16-year-old girl. Nachi still has a crush on Takaomi.
Miss Nakime
Miss Nakime is Lady Amaterasu's assistant. She is smart, calm, but very lonely. She can't communicate with the magic stone holders very well. Taizou has a crush on her. She is losing energy as she supports Lady Amaterasu. She was the one who initiated the Amanoiwato Project.
Development
Manga artist Megumi Tachikawa created Dream Saga during the time that her previous serial, Saint Tail, was concluding. The genre, fantasy, was the first to be decided on, and she decided to draw on mythology. She consulted several books on the mythologies of different cultures, ruling out Greek mythology, as she felt that it was often seen in manga, and Chinese mythology, because one of her earlier works had dealt with it. Japanese mythology was decided on, as she and her editor felt that it was "familiar, but seldom-seen." The concept for the five magic stones was inspired by the Japanese fantasy novel Nannsou Satomi Hatsuken-Den by Bakin Takizawa, which centers on eight canines, each possessing a ball that corresponds to a virtue (e.g. loyalty and knowledge).
Despite drawing on mythology for Dream Saga, she included original elements, such as the 'Horizon Girl'. She also deviated from the mythology by altering the role of Tsukuyami, originally brother to Amaterasu, and using the myth of Takama-ga-hara, the home of the gods, only as a basis for Dream Sagas spiritual world. Aspects from other mythologies also appear in the manga: the character Karyubinga is derived from a legendary bird of the same name in Indian mythology. For the language of Takama-ga-hara, Tachikawa combined syllables primarily from English, Indian, Spanish, and Turkish.
Release
Written and illustrated by Megumi Tachikawa, the twenty-seven chapters of Dream Saga appeared as a serial in the Japanese manga magazine Nakayoshi from the February 1997 issue to the June 1999 issue. The chapters were collected into five bound volumes by Kodansha and published from October 1997 to September 1999.
Tokyopop licensed Dream Saga for an English-language release in North America in 2003. It published the five volumes from August 10, 2004, to August 9, 2005. Tokyopop's translation has since gone out of print. Dream Saga has also been translated into German by Egmont Manga & Anime.
Volume list
Reception
The first volume of Dream Saga placed 68th on ICv2's list of the 100 bestselling graphic novels for July 2004, with 1,429 copies sold.
References
General
Specific
External links
Dream Saga at Tachikawa's website
1997 manga
Fantasy anime and manga
Japanese mythology in anime and manga
Romance anime and manga
Shōjo manga
Tokyopop titles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream%20Saga |
Sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6) is a salt used as an emulsifier and a binding agent in food products such as jellies, margarine, and sausage casings. As a food additive, it is known by the E number E335.
Because its crystal structure captures a very precise amount of water, it is also a common primary standard for Karl Fischer titration, a common technique to assay water content.
See also
Monosodium tartrate
References
External links
Properties of Sodium Tartrate at linanwindow
Properties of Sodium Tartrate at JTBaker
Tartrates
Organic sodium salts
Food additives
E-number additives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20tartrate |
Steven Dennis Dewick (born 2 February 1976) is an Australian backstroke swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 4×100-metre medley relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
Dewick made his senior international debut when he was selected for Australia to compete at the Oceania Championships in 1993. A star at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, he collected a silver medal in the 100-metre backstroke, and a gold medal in the 4×100-metre medley relay. Steven was voted as the performance of the games for his 100-metre backstroke.
In Atlanta, Dewick combined with Phil Rogers, Scott Miller and Michael Klim to trail the United States and Russia teams into third place. Dewick also competed in the 100-metre backstroke, advancing to the semifinals. A great achievement considering Steven was swimming with a broken back from an accident at the Olympic village two days prior to the start of the 1996 games.
See also
List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (men)
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
References
Profile
1976 births
Living people
Australian male backstroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers from Sydney
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
20th-century Australian people
Medallists at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Dewick |
The Twins at St Clare's is a children's novel by Enid Blyton set in an English girls' boarding school. It is the first of the original six novels in the St. Clare's series of school stories. First published in 1941, it tells the story of twin sisters Pat and Isabel O'Sullivan in their first term at a new school. They meet many new friends.
Plot summary
The two girl twins, Pat and Isabel O'Sullivan, having just finished school at the elite school Redroofs, are expected to move on to senior school. While most of their friends at their old school (including Mary and Frances Waters) are moving to the equally elite Ringmere, the twins' parents are reluctant to send them to an expensive school as they are afraid the twins might become spoilt and snobbish. Furious at their parents' refusal to send them to the school of their choice, the twins are determined to be as difficult as possible at St. Clare's.
They are quickly mocked for their behaviour by the other students and nicknamed the 'stuck up twins'. Only a student named Kathleen is willing to befriend them, as she is also disliked. Whilst Pat refuses to do her chores and is banned from going to town, Isabel does them for her and has Pat take her trips to the town. The twins miss their favourite sports of field hockey and tennis because only lacrosse is played at St Clare's. However, Pat turns out to be quite good at lacrosse. She is selected by sports captain Belinda Towers, but it is when Isabel is pretending to be Pat so the latter can go to town. Pat decides to tell the truth, and is surprised when Belinda lets her stay on the team.
The twins also clash with the eccentric French teacher Mam'zelle who is appalled at their French. When they sneak out to a movie instead of doing extra work and then try to complain about Mam'zelle, she turns it back on them and forcing them to join her for extra French tutoring.
Janet, a sarcastic and blunt student, leads the year in a series of pranks against their new History teacher Miss Kennedy, who is a very timid and insecure though highly qualified. After Miss Roberts arrives and immediately understands her as the culprit, but the twins take the blame as well, gaining respect. Afterwards, the girls organise a secret midnight feast, and are caught, but Miss Kennedy pretends to not have noticed anything.
Money has been going missing from all of the students causing everyone to get suspicious of a thief. Eventually, the thief steals from some seniors causing threats of expulsion. The twins discover it is Kathleen, who stole the money in order to buy her friends gifts. Her family spends most money to send her to St Clare's and she wanted to seem the same as everyone else.
Janet continues to play pranks on the teachers, such as hiding a cat in Miss Kennedy's room due to her known phobia. However, one day Kathleen and the twins overhear her talking to a friend about giving up her job, despite needing the money to help her sick mother, because she cannot control the class. The girls all write a letter of apology and decide to only prank the other teachers.
Kathleen finds a stray dog and smuggles it into school where all the girls take care of it. However, it eventually escapes and is discovered, but Kathleen is allowed to keep it. Another student named Sheila is extremely posh and constantly mocked by the other girls for her way of speaking. She is eventually made prompter at the Christmas play and Janet is advised by head girl Winnifred not to exploit Sheila's insecurities.
The twins head home for the end of the term, surprised by how much they don't want to leave.
References
External links
Enid Blyton Society page
1941 British novels
Methuen Publishing books
St. Clare's novels
Twins in fiction
Fictional twins
Novels set in boarding schools
1941 children's books
Children's books set in boarding schools
Children's novels set in schools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Twins%20at%20St.%20Clare%27s |
Crystal (also known as Crystal City) is a ghost town on the upper Crystal River in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. It is located in the Elk Mountains along a four-wheel-drive road east of Marble and northwest of Crested Butte. Crystal was a mining camp established in 1881 and after several decades of robust existence, was all but abandoned by 1917. The Crystal post office operated from July 28, 1882, until October 31, 1909.Many buildings still stand in Crystal, but its few residents live there only in the summer.
History
In 1874, geologist Sylvester Richardson discovered promising deposits of silver near the confluence of the North Fork and South Fork of the Crystal River in Gunnison County. In the years that followed, the aboriginal Ute people were removed from the area and prospectors began mining operations, creating a new mining camp in 1880. A year later, on August 6, 1881, the Gunnison County court held a session and voted for the incorporation of Crystal City, made official as of June 8, 1881. At the height of its prosperity in the mid-1880s, Crystal had over 500 residents, a post office, a newspaper (the Crystal River Current, succeeded by The Silver Lance), a pool hall, the Crystal Club (a popular and exclusive men's club), a barber shop, saloons, and hotels.
During the 1880s and 1890s, when miners began to inhabit Crystal and the surrounding area, fire was used to clear the land in order to begin mining. Thousands of acres were set ablaze, removing old growth trees and altering the pattern of vegetation in the area. This allowed several mines near Crystal to become productive, the Black Queen, Lead King, and Sheep Mountain Tunnel amongst the largest. Silver, lead, and zinc were the primary metals produced, but getting the ore out of the valley was a constant problem. The nearest rail stations were in Crested Butte and Carbondale, Colorado, and distant. The routes out of Crystal were, in places, not much more than a trail. While work to improve the paths continued years after the establishment of Crystal, the routes never became better than narrow wagon trails during the years the mines shipped ore. Thus, most ore was taken to the rail stations by "jack train", each pulled by as many as a hundred mules.
The remoteness of Crystal hindered its success. Transporting ore to the depots in Crested Butte and Carbondale (via Marble) and bringing of basic necessities and mail into Crystal were a challenge in the snow-free months and difficult or impossible during the winter. Deep snow and late-lying snow drifts were hindrances and avalanches, rock slides, and wet, slick ledge roads were dangerous and sometimes deadly. Transportation difficulties cut into profits and by 1889 Crystal was in decline with the winter population being less than 100.
Despite the silver panic of 1893, while many other mines throughout the country were shutting down, Crystal still supported multiple mining operations. Indeed, that same year, the historic Crystal Mill was built by George C. Eaton and B.S Phillips. The two men were promoters of the Sheep Mountain Tunnel and Mining Company, and the building, then known as the Sheep Mountain Tunnel Mill, was built to supply power to that and surrounding mines. Water from the Crystal River was dammed and used to provide electricity for air drills and ventilation for miners. The powerhouse used the flow of the Crystal River to power an air compressor, and the compressed air was piped to the mines to run pneumatic drills. This system was so efficient that soon after, a stamp mill was built to crush and concentrate the silver ore for shipping. This innovation saved the mining operations for a few years, but Crystal continued to decline and soon the population had dwindled to just eight inhabitants by 1915. in 1917 the mines and the Sheep Mountain powerhouse were closed, and Crystal was largely vacated.
In 1938, many years after Crystal had been abandoned, Emmet Shaw Gould of Aspen, Colorado, traveled to Crystal searching for ore to run through a recently purchased mill. He bought several mining claims along with the city lots with the cabins still standing. The area stayed in his possession, though it was never again became profitable through mining. Eventually, ownership was transferred to one of Gould's daughters, Dorothy Tidwell of Treasure Mountain Ranch, Inc. In 1985, during Tidwell's ownership, Crystal was placed on the National Register of Historic Places Inventory after nomination by the government of Gunnison County.
Physiology
Climate
The highest average temperature is 68.1 degrees Fahrenheit, while the lowest average temperature is 41.6 degrees Fahrenheit. In July the average temperature is 56.8 degrees Fahrenheit, and in January the average temperature is 13.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The highest recorded temperature in the area was 106 degrees Fahrenheit on July 21, 2005. The lowest recorded temperature was -23 degrees Fahrenheit on January 13, 1963. There are an average of 90 days each year with temperatures above or equal to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, and 140 days a year with recorded temperatures below or equal to 32 degrees Fahrenheit. The average annual rainfall in inches is 10.63, while yearly annual snowfall in inches is 45.
Parent Rock
The rock in the Elk Mountain Range in the area surrounding Crystal is composed primarily of (90%) sedimentary material, including mostly coarse clastics, shale, and limestone. The last 10% is mostly igneous rock. The Maroon Mountains formations (which are the closest notable mountains to the valley town of Crystal) are composed of mostly sandstone and siltstone, which are coarse clastic rocks and are exposed for the most part. Fine clastic rocks cover a fifth of Crystal. Glacial remain and out-wash created the sandy loam material which fill the valleys in the area, including the bottom of the Crystal River which runs through the valley in Crystal and surrounding towns.
Topography
The elevation of Crystal is centered at 8,950 ft, however the area in and around crystal ranges from 8,500 ft to peaks of 13,500 ft. The land is well drained, and the rock types such as limestone create very steep slopes common in the Rocky Mountains. The area is described as having classically alpine terrain in characteristics, and the sources of the areas streams are mainly glacial cirques. Barren parts of the mountains that are at elevations low enough to support vegetation growth are primarily unable to support much vegetation due to the steep slopes and the large accumulation of shale rocks.
Overview
Crystal is vacated in the winter but there are a few summer residents. The town does see visitors, most passing through to recreate in the area. The upper Crystal River Valley is nestled between two wilderness areas: the Maroon Bells–Snowmass Wilderness to the north and the Raggeds Wilderness to the south. Photography, hiking, peak bagging, mountain biking, and four-wheel-drive and off-highway vehicle touring are common activities. Fly fishing and hunting (deer and elk) are also popular.
Today Crystal is best known for one of the most photographed historic sites in Colorado, the Crystal Mill, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
Transportation
Gunnison County Road 3 connects Crystal to Marble. Much of the road is a rocky shelf road, suitable for four-wheel drive only.
Forest Road 317 (a.k.a. Gothic Road) connects Crystal to Crested Butte via Schofield Pass. It traverses the Devils Punchbowl, considered among the most dangerous four-wheel drive trails in the state.
Gallery
See also
Bibliography of Colorado
Geography of Colorado
History of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
List of Colorado-related lists
List of ghost towns in Colorado
List of post offices in Colorado
Outline of Colorado
References
External links
State of Colorado
History Colorado
Town of Crystal, Marble Tourism Association
On the wild road to Crystal Mill: Colorado's photographic gem, The Gazette
Crystal River Current which was later replaced by The Silver Lance
1881 establishments in Colorado
Former populated places in Gunnison County, Colorado
Geography of Gunnison County, Colorado
Ghost towns in Colorado
History of Colorado
Mining communities in Colorado
Populated places established in 1881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%2C%20Gunnison%20County%2C%20Colorado |
Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1939 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1939, with the preamble stating:
Modification
The concepts included in the convention were revised and included in ILO Convention C153, Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1979.
Ratifications
Prior to its shelving, the convention had been ratified by four states.
References
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Shelved International Labour Organization conventions
Road transport
Working time
Treaties concluded in 1939
Treaties entered into force in 1955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hours%20of%20Work%20and%20Rest%20Periods%20%28Road%20Transport%29%20Convention%2C%201939 |
Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention may refer to:
Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1939, a shelved International Labour Organization convention
Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1979, the revision of the above convention | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hours%20of%20Work%20and%20Rest%20Periods%20%28Road%20Transport%29%20Convention |
The 1968 Olympic football tournament was played as part of the 1968 Summer Olympics. The tournament features 16 men's national teams from five continental confederations. The 16 teams are drawn into four groups of four and each group plays a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at the Azteca Stadium on 26 October 1968. This was the first time an Asian team won a medal, Japan claiming bronze.
Qualification
Venues
Medalists
Squads
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Ghana replaced Morocco, who refused to play against Israel.
Group D
Knockout stage
Bracket
Quarter-finals
Bulgaria progressed after a drawing of lots.
Semi-finals
Bronze Medal match
Gold Medal match
Bulgaria finished the match with only eight players after having three players sent off.
Statistics
Goalscorers
With seven goals, Kunishige Kamamoto of Japan is the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 116 goals were scored by 68 different players, with two of them credited as own goals.
7 goals
Kunishige Kamamoto
6 goals
Antal Dunai
4 goals
Petar Zhekov
Ladislav Petráš
Lajos Szűcs
Yehoshua Feigenbaum
3 goals
Atanas Mihaylov
Charles Tamboueon
Iván Menczel
Pulido Rodríguez
Vicente Pereda
2 goals
Fernando Ferretti
Asparuh Nikodimov
Tsvetan Veselinov
Pavel Stratil
Marc-Kanyan Case
Malik Jabir
López Oliva
Nelson Melgar
Camara Fode Bouya
Dezső Novák
Giora Spiegel
Masashi Watanabe
Albino Morales
Kenneth Olayombo
Toni Grande
1 goal
Tião
Georgi Hristakiev
Ivan Zafirov
Ivaylo Georgiev
Kiril Ivkov
Mihail Gyonin
Alfonso Jaramillo
Fabio Mosquera
Gustavo Santa
Tamayo Hoyos
Jiří Večerek
Jozef Jarabinský
Mikuláš Krnáč
Miloš Herbst
Juan Ramón Martínez
Mauricio Alonso Rodríguez
Daniel Horlaville
Daniel Perrigaud
Gérard Hallet
Gbadamosi Amosa
Ibrahim Sunday
Osei Kofi
Sammy Stevens Sampene
David Stokes
Jorge Roldán
Camara Mamadou Maxim
Camara Mamadouba Ndongo
István Juhász
István Sárközi
László Fazekas
Mordechai Spiegler
Rachamim Talbi
Shraga Bar
Cesáreo Victorino
Luis Estrada
Peter Anieke
Samuel Okoye
Fernando Ortuño
Juan Fernández Vilela
Udomsilp Sornbutnark
Own goals
Humberto Medina (playing against France)
Segun Olumodeji (playing against Brazil)
Final ranking
References
External links
Olympic Football Tournament Mexico City 1968, FIFA.com
RSSSF Summary
1968 Summer Olympics events
1968
1968
1968 in association football
1968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20at%20the%201968%20Summer%20Olympics |
Abrahamic religions believe in the Mosaic covenant (named after Moses), also known as the Sinaitic covenant (after the biblical Mount Sinai), which refers to a covenant between the Israelite tribes and their God, including their proselytes, not limited to the ten commandments, nor the event when they were given, but including the entirety of laws that their legendary patriarch Moses delivered from God in the five books of Torah.
Historical-critical scholarship
The concept of a covenant began long before the biblical era, specifically the beginnings of Israel. According to George E. Mendenhall, covenants were originally established as legal customs and then later were replicated in the field of religion. These covenants were created on the basis of an oath, a promise between two parties followed by performance. Engaging in an oath implied that the more powerful party would ensure that the other received proper punishment if it were to default. In the case of religion, the god(s) would be carrying out punishment. Such covenants assured that either blessings or curses be enacted in response to the circumstances.
The covenant of the pieces between God and Abraham follows the form of the suzerain covenant; what is significant is that Israel has no duties to uphold; the covenant is not conditional. Future covenants between Israel and God would be conditional. This is clearly expressed in , recited twice-daily as part of the foundational prayer, the Shema. This passage declares that as long as Israel is faithful to God it will be blessed with ample crops but should it follow other gods the land will not support it. The cost of not following this covenant is hard.
Mendenhall also addresses the theory behind blood ties and their significance to the concept of a covenant. As stated in the Bible, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob are the ancestors of Israel and because of their shared blood, they consequently form a bond. This blood tie is compared to the tie that is established by a covenant, and implies that without their shared blood, covenants would be the only way to ensure such unification of a religious group. Furthermore, Mendenhall notes two additional theories noting how covenants may have begun with the work of Moses, or are even thought to have been established during a true historical event with a valid setting. Regardless of the theories, the creation of covenants may be a mystery to scholars for centuries to come, however, the use of covenants evidenced throughout the biblical sources is an undeniable fact.
According to Mendenhall, the covenant was not just an idea, but actually a historical event. This event was the formation of the covenant community. Wandering the desert, the clans left Egypt following Moses. These people were all of different backgrounds, containing no status in any social community. With all these circumstances they formed their own community by a covenant whose texts turned into the Decalogue (Ten Commandments). The Israelites did not bind themselves to Moses as their leader though and Moses was not a part of the covenant. Moses was just seen as a historical figure of some type sent as a messenger. The Israelites followed the form of the suzerainty treaty, a particular type of covenant common in the Near East and were bound to obey stipulations that were set by Yahweh, not Moses.
In addition to Mendenhall's input and perspective, Weinfeld argues that there are two forms of covenants to have occurred throughout the Hebrew Bible: 1.) the obligatory type & 2.) the promissory type. These translate to a “political treaty” as evidenced by the Hittite Empire, and a "royal grant" as shown through the covenants tied to Abraham and David. A treaty entails a promise to the master by the vassal and ultimately protects the rights of the master. This consequently works in a manner that promotes future loyalty of the vassal since the suzerain had previously done favors for them. A grant on the other hand pertains to an obligation from the master to his servant thus ensuring protection of the servant's rights.
This method of covenant emphasizes focus on rewarding loyalty and good deeds that have already been done. Weinfeld supports his characterization of a treaty by identifying the parallels exposed through the covenant between Yahweh and Israel. Similarly, he utilizes the Abrahamic and Davidic covenant to reveal its correspondence with a royal grant. In spite of the numerous theories revolving covenants in the ancient Near East, Weinfeld ensures his readers that the covenants exposed in the Old Testament fall beneath one of the two plausible types he has identified, either an obligatory type or a promissory type.
In an article comparing covenants and forms of treaties common at the time, Mendenhall focuses on Hittite suzerainty treaties. These treaties, established between an emperor (suzerain) and inferior king (vassal), were defined by several important elements. The treaties were based on past aid or good fortune that the suzerain had previously delivered to the vassal and the obligations that the vassal, therefore, had to the suzerain. This foundation for a treaty relationship is similar to the foundation for the Mosaic covenant and the Decalogue, according to Mendenhall. God had delivered the Israelites from Egypt in the Exodus, and they therefore are obligated to follow the commandments in the Decalogue. As the suzerain, God has no further obligations towards the Israelites—but it is implied that God will continue to protect them as a result of the covenant.
Judaism
In the Hebrew Bible, God established the Mosaic covenant with the Israelites after he saved them from slavery in Egypt in the story of the Exodus. Moses led the Israelites to the promised land known as Canaan after which Joshua led them to its possession.
The Mosaic covenant played a role in defining the Kingdom of Israel (c. 1220-c. 930 BC), and subsequently the southern Kingdom of Judah (c. 930-c. 587 BC) and northern Kingdom of Israel (c. 930-c. 720 BC), and Yehud Medinata (c.539-c.333 BC), and the Hasmonean Kingdom (140-37 BC), and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132-136 AD), and Rabbinic Judaism c. 2nd century to the present.
Rabbinic Judaism asserts that the Mosaic covenant was presented to the Jewish people and converts to Judaism (which includes the biblical proselytes) and does not apply to Gentiles, with the notable exception of the Seven Laws of Noah which apply to all people.
Christianity
The Mosaic covenant or Law of Moses, which Christians generally call the "Old Covenant" in contrast to the New Covenant, has played an important role in the shaping of Christianity. It has been the source of serious dispute and contention seen in Jesus' expounding of the Law during his Sermon on the Mount, the circumcision controversy in early Christianity, and the Incident at Antioch which has led scholars to dispute the relationship between Paul of Tarsus and Judaism. The Book of Acts says that after the ascension of Jesus, Stephen, the first Christian martyr, was killed when he was accused of speaking against the Jerusalem Temple and the Mosaic Law. Later, in , the Council of Jerusalem addressed the circumcision controversy in early Christianity.
See also
Christianity and Judaism
Christian views on the Old Covenant
Covenant theology
Covenantal nomism
Ten Commandments
References
External links
Catholic Encyclopedia: Mosaic Legislation
Jewish law
Commandments
Torah
Jewish theology
Mosaic law in Christian theology
Covenants in the Hebrew Bible | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic%20covenant |
The 1997 Women's Intercontinental Cup was a qualifier for the 1998 Women's Hockey World Cup and was held in the Magamba Stadium in Harare, Zimbabwe, from Friday 1 August to Tuesday 12 August 1997. Twelve nations took part, divided into two groups of six in the preliminary round. The top six teams joined Argentina, Olympic champions Australia, Germany, South Korea, the United States and hosts the Netherlands.
Team squads
Dana Anderson, Sue Armstrong, Nicole Colaco, Lisa Faust, Sarah Forbes (gk), Aoibhinn Grimes, Chris Hunter, Laurelee Kopeck, Amy MacFarlane, Karen MacNeill, Veronica Planella, Gillian Sewell, Carla Somerville, Sue Tingley, Krista Thompson (gk), and Candy Thomson. Head Coach: Dru Marshall.
Tingonleima Chanu (gk), Helen Mary (gk), Sandeep Khaur, Shashi Bala (captain), Maristella Tirkey, Mukta Xalco, Sita Gussain, Sumrai Tete, Sunita Dalal, Nidhi Khullar, Manjinder Kaur, Pritam Thakran, Kamala Dalal, Suraj Lata Devi, Jyoti Sunita Kullu, and Ferdina Ekka. Head coach: Balbir Singh.
Preliminary round
Group A
Group B
Semi finals
Finals
England wins after penalty strokes
Scotland wins after penalty strokes
South Africa wins after penalty strokes
Final ranking
Remarks
The first six (South Africa, New Zealand, Scotland, India, England and China) participated in the 1998 Women's Hockey World Cup in Utrecht, Netherlands.
References
External links
Field Hockey Canada
fihockey
1997
1997 in women's field hockey
H
Sport in Harare
1998 Women's Hockey World Cup
August 1997 sports events in Africa
1997 Women's Intercontinental Cup
20th century in Harare
1997 in Zimbabwean women's sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20Women%27s%20Intercontinental%20Cup |
"Pretty Polly", "The Gosport Tragedy" or "The Cruel Ship's Carpenter" () is a traditional English-language folk song found in the British Isles, Canada, and the Appalachian region of North America, among other places.
The song is a murder ballad, telling of a young woman lured into the forest where she is killed and buried in a shallow grave. Many variants of the story have the villain as a ship's carpenter who promises to marry Polly but murders her when she becomes pregnant. When he goes back to sea, either he is haunted by her ghost, confesses to the murder, goes mad and dies, or the ship will not sail. He denies the murder and is ripped to pieces by her ghost.
"The Gosport Tragedy" evolved into "The Cruel Ship's Carpenter" and "Pretty Polly", losing many of the specifics of the original.
"The Gosport Tragedy"
There are a number of extant broadside copies of "The Gosport Tragedy", the earliest known version. It is a lengthy ballad composed of rhymed couplets, sixteen verses of eight lines each. A copy at the Lewis Walpole Library has an estimated date of 1760 to 1765. In "The Gosport Tragedy: Story of a Ballad", D.C. Fowler argued that the events described in the song may have taken place in 1726. The ship, identified as the Bedford, often "lay at Portsmouth" as in the song. Fowler found evidence that a ship's carpenter on the Bedford by the name of John Billson died at sea on 25 September 1726, and that there was a Charles Stewart among the crew members at the time, as noted in some versions. The tragic protagonist, "Molly", does not seem to have been buried at the Parish Church of St. Mary's Alverstoke, the presumed "Gosford Church", as claimed in the song. Although hardly conclusive, a number of subsequent commentators have regarded Fowler's scenario as plausible.
First printed in about 1727, the ballad tells the tale of Billson's murder of his pregnant girlfriend and his flight aboard the ship MMS Bedford. According to the story, a haunting turn occurred when a ghost confronted seaman Charles Stewart in the dark hold of the ship with a baby in her arms. When questioned by Captain Edmund Hook "the real villain saw the ghost of his lover before him, fell to his knees, and confessed to the ghastly crime. He later died aboard ship, presumably of scurvy."
Later revisions
In the nineteenth century, considerably shortened and altered broadside versions began appearing under a wide range of titles including "Love and Murder", "The Cruel Ship's Carpenter", "Polly's Love", "The Cruel Ship-Carpenter", "Nancy's Ghost", "Molly the Betray'd" and "The Fog-bound Vessel". The protagonist frequently appears as "Polly" (though not "pretty Polly") and the locale is often given as Worcester, although the names of Molly and Gosport appear in some, and there is little doubt of the connection with the "Gosport Tragedy".
Modern use
In the United States, the song had gained new life as a banjo tune by the time of its earliest recordings in the mid-1920s: John Hammond's "Purty Polly" of 1925 and 1927, and the "Pretty Polly" versions of B. F. Shelton and Dock Boggs, both of 1927.
American versions of the song, such as those of B.F. Shelton and Dock Boggs, tend to begin in the first person ("I courted Pretty Polly...") and switch to the third person for the murder ("he stabbed her to the heart"); Jean Ritchie's 1963 recording as well as Judy Collins' 1968 recording featured alternating verses switching back and forth between Polly and Willie's perspectives. American versions also tend to either omit the reason for killing Pretty Polly or portray him as a spurned suitor, and Willie's subsequent madness, debt to the devil, or haunting by Polly's ghost, with the remorseful killer instead turning himself in and confessing to the police.
The ballad is the musical basis for "Ballad of Hollis Brown" by Bob Dylan who played "Pretty Polly" himself in his early years.
Woody Guthrie used the tune of "Pretty Polly" for "Pastures of Plenty".
David Lindley's version alters the ending and has Polly draw a razor and kill Willie instead.
The South African-Congolese bluegrass/kwassa kwassa crossover band Congo Cowboys released a version of the song in 2020.
Notable artists who have performed ballad versions
Judy Collins ("Pretty Polly")
Peter Bellamy ("The Ghost Song")
Jon Boden ("The Ghost Song")
Jackie Oates ("The Cruel Ship's Carpenter")
Jon Raven ("Love and Murder")
Mike Waterson ("The Cruel Ship's Carpenter")
Waterson-Carthy ("Polly's Love")
Notable artists who have performed "Pretty Polly"
Aoife O'Donovan
B. F. Shelton
Bela Fleck & Abigail Washburn
Bert Jansch
Bill Frisell
Bob Dylan
Burl Ives
Chris Jones
The Coon Creek Girls
Current 93
Davey Graham
David "Stringbean" Akeman
David Lindley
Dock Boggs
Dr. Dog
Estil C. Ball
Gilbert O'Sullivan
Gráda
Hobart Smith
Jean Ritchie
John Fahey
John Pearse
Judy Collins
Kevin Spacey (in House of Cards)
Kristin Hersh
Lee Sexton
Mick Harris & Martyn Bates
Patty Loveless
Pete Seeger
Queenadreena
Ralph Stanley
Sam Amidon
Sandy Denny
Shirley Collins
Sturgill Simpson
Sweeney's Men
The Byrds
The Dillards
The Kruger Brothers
The Red Fox Chasers
The Sadies
The Stanley Brothers
The String Cheese Incident
Vandaveer
Yonder Mountain String Band
References
External links
A music video for Vandaveer's version of the song starring Tricia Vessey and David Yow
Folkinfo
An MP3 recording of Pretty Polly by Dock Boggs. Recorded in 1927 in New York City, US.
An MP3 recording of Pretty Polly by B. F. Shelton. Recorded on 29 July 1927 in Bristol, Tennessee, US.
Tom Pettitt, "The Murdered Sweetheart: Child of Print and Panic?" (2005)
Murder ballads
Judy Collins songs
The Stanley Brothers songs
Jean Ritchie songs
English folk songs
Songs about fictional female characters
Songs based on American history
Maritime music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty%20Polly%20%28ballad%29 |
Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1979 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1979, with the preamble stating:
Modification
The convention is a revision of ILO Convention C67, Hours of Work and Rest Periods (Road Transport) Convention, 1939 (shelved).
Ratifications
As of 2022, the convention has been ratified by nine states.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Road transport
Working time
Treaties concluded in 1979
Treaties entered into force in 1983
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Spain
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Ukraine
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Venezuela
1979 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hours%20of%20Work%20and%20Rest%20Periods%20%28Road%20Transport%29%20Convention%2C%201979 |
Bernard Pullman (19 March 1919, Włocławek Poland – 9 June 1996) was a French theoretical quantum chemist and quantum biochemist.
Pullman studied at the Sorbonne, then spent the Second World War as a French Army officer in Africa and the Middle East. Returning to Paris in 1946, he completed the Licence-es-Sciences in 1946 and the Docteur-es-Science in 1948. From 1946 to 1954, he worked at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). In 1954 he was appointed Professor at the Sorbonne. In 1959, he became Director of the Department of Quantum Biochemistry at the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique. In 1963, he was promoted to Director of the Institute. He was a founding member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.
Over the course of his career, Pullman published about 400 scientific papers and 5 books, three with his wife Alberte Pullman, his lifelong collaborator. In joint work published in the 1950s and 1960s, they founded the new field of quantum biochemistry. They also pioneered the application of quantum chemistry to predicting the carcinogenic properties of aromatic hydrocarbons.
After his 1989 retirement, he wrote The Atom in the History of Human Thought (Paris: Fayard, 1995), a work approachable by general readers.
References
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 75(3), 1999, Special Issue: In Memory of Bernard Pullman.
Books by Pullman
1963 (with Alberte Pullman). Quantum Biochemistry. New York: John Wiley Interscience. ; .
1965 (with M. Weissbluth). Molecular Biophysics. New York: Academic Press, New York.
1998. The Atom in the History of Human Thought, trans. by Axel Reisinger. Oxford Univ. Press.
External links
His International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science page
An interview with Mme Prof. Dr. Alberte Pullman
1919 births
Polish emigrants to France
20th-century French chemists
Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
Theoretical chemists
University of Paris alumni
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1996 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Pullman |
Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne is an annual single-day road cycling race in Belgium. It is held one day after Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, on the last Sunday of February or the first of March, and completes the opening weekend of the Belgian cycling season. It was ranked a 1.HC event of the UCI Europe Tour before joining the UCI ProSeries in 2020. Tom Boonen holds the most wins with three victories.
History
Early editions
First held in 1946, the race was run from Kuurne, a small town known for its textile industry, to the Belgian capital of Brussels and back. In the 1950s it served as the opening race of the Belgian cycling season. When Brussels was becoming inaccessible for a cycling event in the late 1960s, the race was rerouted towards the Flemish Ardennes and renamed "Omloop der beide Vlaanderen" ("Circuit of both Flanders"). In 1979 organizers decided to rename the event to Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne nonetheless.
Opening weekend
For many decades, Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne serves as the second race of the opening weekend in Belgium, after Omloop Het Nieuwsblad on Saturday, as well as the first weekend of racing in Northwestern Europe. Although second after the Omloop, and considered the smaller of the two events, it holds significant prestige because of its calendar date. Since 2005 it is included in the UCI Europe Tour; in 2016 it was upgraded to a 1.HC event, the same ranking as Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, but Omloop was upgraded to UCI World Tour level in 2017. Despite tandeming with Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, no rider has ever won the Omloop and Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne on the same weekend.
Winter race
As it is run in late winter, Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne has often been affected by poor weather. The race had to be cancelled three times because of snow or frost – in 1986, 1993 and 2013. The 2010 event was run in extreme weather as the remnants of cyclone Xynthia hit Belgium, with strong winds and torrential rain ravaging the peloton. The race had to be shortened by 20 km because a fallen tree obstructed the road. The edition was won by Dutch outsider Bobbie Traksel; only 26 of 195 riders finished the race. In 2004 Kuurne served as the opening race of the season, after Omloop Het Nieuwsblad was cancelled because of snow, before thaw set in on the night before the Sunday race.
Route
Despite its name, the route does not actually extend to Brussels. The race starts on the hippodrome of Kuurne, in the south of West Flanders, before heading east in the direction of Brussels, but its easternmost point is somewhere near Ninove, 23 km west of Brussels. After the turning point, the race addresses the Flemish Ardennes where a number of hills feature, before finishing in Kuurne after approximately 200 km. The route in the hill zone changes every year, but some of the regular climbs include Edelareberg, La Houppe, Kanarieberg, Kruisberg, Oude Kwaremont, Tiegemberg and Nokereberg.
With a long and flat run-in to the finish, the course is less selective than the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad. The race ends with two local laps around Kortrijk and Kuurne. With the last climb of the race coming at 53 km from the finish, Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne has established itself as something of a sprinters’ classic.
List of winners
Wins per country
Junior race
A junior version of the race has been held since 2000.
Winners
Notes
References
External links
Cycle races in Belgium
UCI Europe Tour races
Recurring sporting events established in 1945
1945 establishments in Belgium
Sport in Brussels
Annual sporting events in Belgium
UCI ProSeries races | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuurne%E2%80%93Brussels%E2%80%93Kuurne |
The following is a list of presidents of the Marshall Islands, since the establishment of that office in 1979. The president of the Republic of the Marshall Islands is the head of state and government of the Marshall Islands. The President is elected by the Nitijeļā (Legislature) from among its members. Presidents pick cabinet members from the Nitijeļā.
Amata Kabua was elected as the first President of the Republic in 1979. Subsequently, he was re-elected to four-year terms in 1983, 1987, 1991, and 1996. After Amata Kabua's death in office, his first cousin, Imata Kabua, won a special election in 1997. Casten Nemra, who was elected and took office in January 2016, was replaced by Hilda Heine one week later. The current Marshallese president, David Kabua, is the son of Amata Kabua.
List of presidents
See also
Government of the Marshall Islands
Minister in Assistance to the President of Marshall Islands
High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
List of colonial governors of the Marshall Islands
References
Government of the Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands
Presidents
1979 establishments in the Marshall Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20presidents%20of%20the%20Marshall%20Islands |
The Rastafari movement in the United States echoes the Rastafari religious movement, which began in Jamaica and Ethiopia during the 1930s. Marcus Garvey, born in Jamaica, was influenced by the Ethiopian king Haile Selassie. Jamaican Rastafaris began emigrating to the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, and established communities throughout the country.
Background
The name Rastafari derives from Ras Tafari, the title (ras) and first name of Haile Selassie (Täfäri Mäkonnän) before his coronation. In Amharic, ras ("head") is an Ethiopian title equivalent to prince or chief; the given name Täfäri (teferi) means "one who is revered". Rastafari originated in Jamaica and Ethiopia. Jah is a name of God, a shortened form of Yahweh. Most Rastafaris see Haile Selassie as Jah or Jah Rastafari, an incarnation of God. Rastafari includes the spiritual use of cannabis and the rejection of a society of materialism, oppression, and sensual pleasures it calls "Babylon". Rastas assert that Zion (Ethiopia) is a land promised to them by Jah. "Babylon" is considered to have been rebelling against "Earth's Rightful Ruler" (Jah) since the days of the biblical king Nimrod. The lion is a symbol of Rastafari because it appears on the flag used in Haile Selassie's Ethiopia.
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican activist, spoke about creating an African state for displaced Africans; this idea influenced many Black people. According to Garvey, Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was the only remaining African monarch with Biblical ancestry. Working-class Jamaicans viewed Garvey as a prophet and the reincarnation of John the Baptist; when Ras Täfäri of Ethiopia was crowned emperor in 1930, many proclaimed Haile Selassie as Jah (God).
Although the movement has had cultural, social, and political effects on Ethiopia and Jamaica, little scholarly research has been done on its effects in the United States. A number of Rastafari see the country as the heart of evil in the world, but many Jamaican Rastafari made the United States their new home during the 1960s and 1970s. The Rastafari movement played a role in shaping local U.S. society and culture, seen in Garvey's accomplishments, the effects of Rastafari community-building, and riddim and reggae music.
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Garvey tried to organize Black people worldwide, to give them an influential voice in society with overwhelming numbers. He established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). After failed attempts to create a following in Jamaica, Garvey relocated the UNIA to upper Manhattan's Harlem neighborhood. By 1920, he had over 2,000,000 members in over 1,000 local UNIA chapters.
The association had the goal of establishing Black political and economic independence. Garvey initially came to the U.S. to preach Black nationalism through the back-to-Africa movement. Displaced Africans would return to the land of their ancestors, where they would create a prosperous African state and make the continent a world power. In 1924, with the financial assistance of UNIA members, Garvey sought to purchase one million acres (4000 km²) of land from Liberia. This land would be the place of repatriation about which Garvey had spoken for nearly two decades. Elevan days after Garvey agreed to purchase the land, however, Firestone Tires (with the aid of the U.S. government) bought the land instead.
Negro Factories Corporation
Established on January 20, 1920, the Negro Factories Corporation (an offshoot of the UNIA) sought to create factories which would employ only Black people and produce commodities sold only to Black consumers. Garvey envisioned an all-Black economy which could supply Black consumers around the globe, and advocated independent Black grocery stores, restaurants, laundromats, tailor shops, millinery stores, and publishing houses. The Negro Factories Corporation gave Black people initiative, hope, and the secular identity required to prosper in American society.
Black Star Line
Garvey announced the creation of the Black Star Line on June 23, 1919 to correlate with the back-to-Africa movement as a shipping company which would link Black communities in the U.S., Jamaica, Canada, Central America, and Africa. It was intended to transport Black labored goods, including raw materials and manufactured items, to Black consumers around the world. Garvey had to raise $500,000 to purchase the company's first ship, and sold stock only to Black people. Over 15,000 people saw the S.S. Fredrick Douglass set sail on its first trip to Jamaica. The company folded in 1922, with net losses estimated at over $1,000,000.
Community-building
Jamaican Rastafaris began to immigrate to the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Small, local, homogeneous communities sprang up in Philadelphia, Boston, Hartford, Miami, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Houston, and (most notably) New York City, where six Rastafari communities exist in its five boroughs. The most influential of the city's communities are in the Crown Heights and Bedford-Stuyvesant sections of Brooklyn. Local Rastafari communities generally consit of community centers, schools, tabernacles, and Rasta cultural stores.
Reggae
Reggay was a popular dance in Jamaica during the late 1960s, and Toots and the Maytals released "Do the Reggay" in 1968. Reggae then became a musical genre, based on ska, which was centered on a steady beat played on rhythm guitar. Exemplified by Bob Marley's music, reggae is also a medium of social and political change.
See also
Jamaican Americans
Jamaican diaspora
References
Rastafari
Religion in the United States by religion
Jamaican-American history | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari%20movement%20in%20the%20United%20States |
Antony Matkovich (born 12 June 1977) is an Australian swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4x200-metre freestyle relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Coming from Perth, Western Australia, Matkovich became a scholarship holder at the Australian Institute of Sport in 2000. He had previously been a member of Australia's water polo team. He made his international debut in 2001 at the 2001 World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan where he collected a gold medal by swimming in the heats of the 4×200-metre freestyle relay. Australia proceeded to break its own world record in the final.
Although Matkovich missed national selection in 2002, he was again a member of the 4×200-metre freestyle relay in 2003, swimming in the heats at the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona, Spain, where Australia won gold again. In Athens, Matkovich swum in the heats, before the team of Ian Thorpe, Nicholas Sprenger, Grant Hackett and Michael Klim were beaten by the United States team in the final by just 0.13 of a second. He currently coaches water polo and swimming at Aquinas College in Perth.
See also
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
External links
AIS profile
1977 births
Living people
Australian male freestyle swimmers
Australian people of Croatian descent
Swimmers from Perth, Western Australia
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Australian Institute of Sport swimmers
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Sportsmen from Western Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony%20Matkovich |
Bahrain School is a Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) school located in Juffair, Manama, Bahrain.
Overview
The school is operated by the Bahrain International School Association (BISA) with the United States Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) and takes students from Kindergarten to Twelfth grade. Graduating seniors can earn an American diploma or an International Baccalaureate diploma.
Bahrain School is the only DoDEA school in the Persian Gulf area. The closest DoDEA school to Bahrain School is George C. Marshall School in Ankara, Turkey. It provides education primarily to the children of the United States Navy stationed in Bahrain, but historically, about half of the student body has been local enrollment, usually the dependents of diplomatic personnel and ARAMCO employees, as well as wealthy Bahraini citizens. The Navy dependent population declined in July 2004 when dependents were sent home due to security concerns. In July 2009, dependents were again authorized to return to Bahrain.
As of 2013, there were 435 total students enrolled in both the middle and high schools, with 69% of the students in grades 10 to 12. 57% of the students at the time were American citizens, with the remaining 43% representing approximately 68 countries.
Also as of 2013, the middle and high school employed forty-three teachers, seven supporting professionals, and seven support staff for a total of fifty-seven teachers and staff. Of those, eighteen were male and thirty-nine were female.
Accreditation
Bahrain School is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools to offer an American diploma. The College Board authorizes Bahrain School to offer Advanced Placement courses: Calculus AB, Microeconomics, Chemistry, Physics, and Spanish. On March 1, 1982, the school became the first in the Kingdom of Bahrain and the second in the Middle East after the American International School in Amman, Jordan in 1981, to offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma under the accreditation of the International Baccalaureate Organization.
Sports
Bahrain School has many of the sports that typical American schools have such as basketball, soccer, baseball, volleyball, track and field and cross country. The school competes against other schools on the island. Since the school is a part of DoDDS Europe, they also compete in the DODDS European championships.
Notable alumni
Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, The Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Deputy Supreme Commander of the Bahrain Defence Force.
Brent Brandon, Outstanding Graduate from the United States Air Force Academy, Two-year winner of the National John F. Kennedy Fellowship - Harvard University, Winner of the Gilroy Award for Leadership and Flying - USAF Electronic Warfare Officer School, Nominated for Silver Star and awarded Distinguished Flying Cross for Heroism in Aerial Combat in EF-111 aircraft on first wave attack in Desert Storm; chairman of the Board - Boise Classical Academy
Summer Bishil, American Independent Spirit Award-nominated actress.
See also
List of schools in Bahrain
References
External links
Bahrain School website
1967 establishments in Bahrain
International Baccalaureate schools in Bahrain
International schools in Bahrain
Education in Manama
Buildings and structures in Manama
Bahrain–United States relations
Department of Defense Education Activity
American international schools in Asia
Educational institutions established in 1967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain%20School |
Kunio David Lemari (29 November 1942 – 28 March 2008) was a Marshallese politician. He was the Minister of Justice from 1985 to 1987. He served as the acting President of the Marshall Islands from 20 December 1996 to 14 January 1997. He assumed office upon the death of the previous President, Amata Kabua, having previously served as the country's Minister of Transportation and Communications.
Lemari was of Japanese descent from his maternal grandfather, and was survived by brothers Rellong Lemari (Senator from Lae Atoll) and Johnny Lemari (Mayor of Kwajalein Atoll); wife, Christina Lemari; Imata Kabua; sons Harald (Joanne), Wesley (Lynn), Ranni and Dixon Lemari; daughters Evangeline (Quincy Calep), Dianne, Kimberlynn (Michael Vredenburg), and Lyla; numerous nephews, nieces, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
On 28 March 2008, Lemari died in Majuro due to complications from diabetes.
References
1942 births
2008 deaths
Presidents of the Marshall Islands
Marshallese politicians of Japanese descent
Deaths from diabetes
People from the Ralik Chain
Aelon̄ Kein Ad politicians
Communication ministers of the Marshall Islands
Justice ministers of the Marshall Islands
Transport ministers of the Marshall Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunio%20Lemari |
Imata Jabro Kabua (20 May 1943 – 18 September 2019) was a Marshallese politician, who served as the President of the Marshall Islands from 14 January 1997 to 10 January 2000. He became the Iroijlaplap of Kwajalein after the death of his cousin, Amata Kabua.
References
External links
. The Contemporary Pacific. Accessed 2016-09-20
. Rulers.org. Accessed 2011-02-01.
Background Note: Marshall Islands. US Department of State. Accessed 2011-02-01.
1943 births
2019 deaths
Presidents of the Marshall Islands
Marshallese chiefs
Aelon̄ Kein Ad politicians
United Democratic Party (Marshall Islands) politicians
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford Law School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imata%20Kabua |
The SSG 69 (Scharfschützengewehr 69, literally Sharpshooter Rifle 69) is a bolt-action sniper rifle produced by Steyr Mannlicher that serves as the standard sniper rifle for the Austrian Army.
History
Designed as a sniper system to replace the SSG 98k sniper rifle (modified and accurized surplus Karabiner 98k rifles) and adopted in 1969 (hence the designation), it was ahead of its time with the use of synthetics like the stock, trigger guard, and magazines and cold hammer-forged barrels for durability. Aside from being the Austrian Army's standard issue sniper rifle, it is also used by several law enforcement organizations. For its era and weight, it is extremely accurate and several international competitions have been won using an SSG-69 with accuracy being sub 0.15 mrad (0.5 moa).
In 2015 Steyr ended production of the SSG 69.
Design
The receiver and barrel were designed to provide maximum strength for minimum weight. For this the bolt action uses three pairs of rear-locking lugs (in common with the SMLE), rather than the more common front-locking lugs. This, and the fact that it is only produced in the 'short action' length, limits the chambering to non-magnum calibres. The bolt opening angle of 60 degrees is beneficial for mounting aiming optics relatively low over the receiver, and the receiver is prepared to accept the bases of SSG (quick detach) optical sight mounts.
The cold hammer forged barrel features a 304.8 mm (1 in 12 inch) twist rate to adequately stabilize the military 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition of the era. This twist rate is slow for optimally stabilizing not at the time available 7.62×51mm NATO sniping rounds loaded with Hollow Point Boat Tail projectiles.
The fiber glass reinforced ABS polymer stock features removable spacers to adjust the length of pull and an accessory rail on the forearm bottom for mounting a bipod. The choice for a synthetic stock was remarkable, as other sniper rifles at the time were still using wood stocks. The trigger is user adjustable for trigger weight and travel.
The standard polycarbonate resin (branded as Makrolon by Bayer) detachable magazine features a 5-round rotary design that fits flush with the stock, although a 10-round staggered box is available as an accessory. Both are transparent-backed, immediately showing remaining capacity. Even though spool magazines are unusual in military rifles, Steyr-Mannlicher produced Mannlicher–Schönauer rifles with one from early 1900s until 1972.
The Austrian military combined the SSG 69 PI with the Kahles ZF 69 6×42 telescopic sight as an optical sight for their snipers. Later the similar Kahles ZF 84 10×42 telescopic sight was also offered. These optical sights on customer request can feature a Bullet Drop Compensating (BDC) elevation turret tuned for the ballistic trajectory of a particular gun-cartridge combination with a predefined projectile weight/type, muzzle velocity and air density at ranges.
The ZF 69 sights BDC was calibrated from in increments up to and increments from upwards with 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition.
Variants
There were several SSG variants made with differences in barrel diameter and the presence of back up iron sights and cosmetic differences like the stock colour, the only conspicuous anomaly being the SSG-PIV using a 409 mm barrel with a 254 mm (1 in 10 inches) twist designed to handle heavy subsonic ammunition in conjunction with a suppressor.
The SSG action was used in the civilian SSG Match UIT international 300 m target rile – the international shooting union was known as the UIT back then, today the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) – that featured a free floating heavy barrel, walnut wood half stock and a Walther target diopter and globe sight line.
Users
: Used by the Argentine Army.
: In use by the Austrian Army and EKO Cobra.
: Limited use in Sino-Vietnamese War.
: Used by the BSF ,ITBP and COBRA(CRPF).
: Used by the Indonesian Army.
: Garda Emergency Response Unit
: Used by YAMAM in 1980s.
: Used by Republic of Korea Marine Corps
: Marine Corps
: Used by the Pakistan Army.
: In use with BORTAC (United States Border Patrol).
Gallery
See also
GOL Sniper Magnum
SSG 82
Steyr HS .50
Steyr Scout
Remington Model 700
M24 Sniper Weapon System
References
External links
Steyr Mannlicher official page
Steyr SSG 69 manual
Modern Firearms
SSG 69 PI at Sniper Central
7.62×51mm NATO rifles
Bolt-action rifles
Sniper rifles of Austria
Rotary magazine firearms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steyr%20SSG%2069 |
1991 BA is a sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group that was first observed by Spacewatch on 18 January 1991, and passed within 160,000 km (100,000 mi) of Earth. This is a little less than half the distance to the Moon. With a 5-hour observation arc the asteroid has a poorly constrained orbit and is considered lost. It could be a member of the Beta Taurids.
Description
1991 BA is approximately 5 to 10 meters (15 to 30 ft) in diameter and is listed on the Sentry Risk Table. It follows a highly eccentric (0.68), low-inclination (2.0°) orbit of 3.3 years duration, ranging between 0.71 and 3.7 AU from the Sun. 1991 BA was, at the time of its discovery, the smallest and closest confirmed asteroid outside of Earth's atmosphere. 1991 BA is too faint to be observed except during close approaches to Earth and is considered lost.
Possible impact
The asteroid has a very short 5-hour observation arc that makes future predictions of its position unreliable. Virtual clones of the asteroid that fit the uncertainty region in the known trajectory use to show a 1 in 290,000 chance that the asteroid could impact Earth on 2023 January 18. It is estimated that an impact would produce an upper atmosphere air burst equivalent to 16 kt TNT, roughly equal to Nagasaki's Fat Man. The asteroid would appear as a bright fireball and fragment in the air burst into smaller pieces that would hit the ground at terminal velocity producing a meteorite strewn field. Impacts of objects this size are estimated to occur approximately once a year. Asteroid was an object of similar size that was discovered less than a day before its impact on Earth on October 7, 2008 and produced a fireball and meteorite strewn field in the Sudan. The 18 January 2023 virtual impactor did not occur.
There is a 1 in a million chance of impacting Earth on 19 January 2114.
References
External links
IAUC 5172: 1991 BA; 4U 0115+63; 1990c – (Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams 1991 January 21)
Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)
19910118
Lost minor planets
Potential impact events caused by near-Earth objects
19910118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20BA |
Igor Fokin (June 14, 1960 – September 21, 1996) was a Russian puppeteer and street performer. He learned his craft in his hometown of St. Petersburg. He moved from the former Soviet Union to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States, in 1993. He was able to bring his wife and son over in 1994, and was also granted a visa which allowed him to continue to live and perform in the United States. He performed puppet shows on summer evenings on street corners in Cambridge. He used wooden marionettes set to traditional Russian music. The marionettes were carved and painted by him, and he also sewed the marionettes' clothing. In 1996, he performed shows as part of the festivities at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. He died early in the morning from heart failure on September 21, 1996, at the age of 36, just a few hours after returning home from a show in Harvard Square.
Soon after word of his death spread, several fund raisers were held for his family by area street performers and members of the local community. On September 22, 2001, five years and one day after his death, a sculpture by Russian sculptor Konstantin Simun, modeled after one of his marionettes, was erected in his memory on the street corner in Brattle Square where he performed.
External links
Tribute Site
The Story of Fenist. Award-winning documentary about Igor Fokin in English & Russian with English subtitles
Official Fokin family website
- film about Igor Fokin
1960 births
1996 deaths
Entertainers from Saint Petersburg
Russian buskers
Russian puppeteers
Harvard Square
20th-century Russian male musicians
Russian emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor%20Fokin |
The Beretta 1201 FP is a semi-automatic shotgun, developed in the late 1980s or early 1990s by the Italian arms manufacturing company Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta. It was an upgrade to the preceding model, the Beretta 1200. The 1201 was manufactured in two versions, 1201F, intended for hunting and sporting, and the 1201FP, intended for law enforcement duties.
The Beretta 1201FP shotgun uses the proven inertia drive operating system found on Benelli shotguns and is very reliable. Some models came with rifle sights and some came with ghost ring sights with a tritium "night sight" insert in the front sight.
The 1200 and 1201F and FP are no longer manufactured and the Benelli Super 90 is the current version.
References
External links
Beretta 1201FP Owners Manual.
Semi-automatic shotguns of Italy
1201FP | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beretta%201201FP |
Liesbeth Esselink (born 14 August 1965), known by her stage name Solex, is a Dutch musician based in Amsterdam. Her music is a light-hearted amalgamation of pop music, electronica and sampling.
Overview
After singing in a new wave band and performing as a member of the Dutch indie/noise pop group Sonetic Vet, Esselink began the Solex project in order to give herself a more complete and fulfilling musical outlet. The name is taken from the French moped manufacturer Solex.
Utilizing the records in her own record store, she assembled her music on an antique 8-track recorder, singing original lyrics over her musical creations. The first album, Solex vs. the Hitmeister, was cobbled together using samples from albums that Esselink had been unable to sell in her store. Later albums would see her assembling tracks with samples she had informally recorded at live performances in addition to sampling records from her collection.
In 2001, Solex released the album Low Kick And Hard Bop on the Matador label. She appeared on Gerling's album Head3cleaner/When Young Terrorists Chase the Sun that year, and she also appeared on The Go! Team's 2007 album Proof of Youth.
Personal life
Esselink was raised in Voorschoten. Her father was a chemical engineer and her mother a painter.
Discography
Albums
Solex vs. the Hitmeister (1998, Matador Records)
Pick Up (1999, Matador Records)
Low Kick and Hard Bop (2001, Matador Records)
The Laughing Stock of Indie Rock (2004, Arena Rock Recording Company)
In the Fishtank 13 (2005, In the Fishtank) – Solex with Maarten Altena Ensemble (M.A.E.); as a part of the In the Fishtank project
Amsterdam Throwdown King Street Showdown! (2010, BronzeRat Records) – Solex, Cristina Martinez and Jon Spencer
Solex Ahoy! The Sound Map of the Netherlands (2013, BronzeRat Records / Seriés Aphōnos)
EPs
Athens, Ohio (2000, Matador Records)
Solex (2005, JeBu Records)
Singles
Solex All Licketysplit/Solex West, (1998, Matador Records)
References
External links
Official site
Solex on Keeping It Peel (BBC's John Peel memorial site)
Solex at Matador Records
Solex at Arena Rock Recording Co.
[ Solex on Allmusic]
1965 births
Living people
Musicians from Delft
People from Voorschoten
Dutch electronic musicians
Arena Rock Recording Company artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solex%20%28musician%29 |
Fort Vredeburg Museum (; ) was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The military complex has been converted into a museum of the Indonesian independence struggle which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and near the Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace).
History
The Fortress
In 1760, after the foundation of the new Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the Dutch governor of North Java coast Nicolaas Harting requested a fort to be built in Yogyakarta. The barracks was built on a plot provided by Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, the first fort was a simple wooden fort with four bastions. Later in 1767 the fortress was extended and converted into a more permanent structure under supervision of a Dutch architect Frans Haak. After its completion in 1787 the fort was named Fort Rustenburg ("resting fort" in Dutch).
In 1867 the old fort was destroyed by an earthquake. The fort was rebuilt and renamed Fort Vredeburg, which in the Dutch language means "peace fort" due to peaceful co-existence of the fort and the Kraton of the Sultan.
Later in 1942, during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, the fortress was taken over by the Japanese army and made into the army's headquarters and war prison. After the Japanese left in 1945, Fort Vredeburg served the Indonesian Army as a military command post, barracks and prison for suspected members of the communist party.
The museum
In 1947 the ceremonies on honoring Budi Utomo's 40th founding anniversary was held in the fort. At the occasion, Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed the idea of converting the fortress into a cultural institution. To realize this, a newly set up foundation took charge of the gradual restoration of the former fort.
An agreement was concluded to have a cultural institution in the fort, between Daoed Joesoef, the Minister of Education and Culture and Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX in 1980. As a result, major renovation of the building took place in 1982. In 1984 Nugroho Notosusanto, the new Minister, changed the original plans and instead, created a museum intended to showcase Indonesia's struggle for independence. The museum was officially opened on 23 November 1992.
Yogyakarta was devastated by an event that damaged a large number of buildings and cultural properties in the region, including the fort. It was repaired later afterwards.
Exhibition
The museum includes collections of old photographs, historical objects and replicas. A diorama portraying Indonesia's journey for independence is also displayed in the museum. The original design included 93 of these diorama showcases, however when the museum opened in 1992, only 30 of them were finished. Another 18 showcases have been added as of March 1996.
All events depicted in the diorama's showcases took place in Yogyakarta and its surrounding region. The dioramas cover various events from the capture of Pangeran Diponegoro in 1830 to Sukarno's return to Jakarta in 1949. The dioramas are divided into 2 sections: one depicts remarkable events (33), such as the founding of Muhammadiyah or Taman Siswa; and another focusing on war and struggle (15) such as guerrilla warfare during the independence war.
Architecture
This fort was built as the center of government and defense for the Dutch residents at that time, surrounded by a moat (jagang) of which some of the remains have been reconstructed and can be seen today. This square-shaped fort has four bastions (watch towers) in each of the corners.
Gallery
Notes
External links
Fort Vredeburg Museum
Museum Benteng Vredeburg
Vredeburg
Museums in Yogyakarta
Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Yogyakarta
Military and war museums in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Vredeburg%20Museum |
New Richmond is an incorporated municipality in Quebec, Canada, situated on the southern coast of the Gaspé Peninsula between the municipalities of Maria and Caplan.
New Richmond is bounded on the west by the Grand Cascapedia River. The Little Cascapedia runs to the east of the town proper. In addition to New Richmond itself, the town's territory also includes the communities of Black Cape and Saint-Edgar.
History
The first European settlers arrived from Scotland in 1755. The first arrivals were the Duthie brothers, George and John Duthie and their families. Their descendants still reside in the area today. It is one of the very few remaining municipalities on the Gaspé which still has a relatively large English-speaking population. It was originally a centre of farming, logging, and shipbuilding. In 1940 it was a German base for submarine.
Industry
The town experienced considerable growth in the 1960s with the development of a linerboard paper mill by Bathurst paper, which became Consolidated Bathurst and after a number of name changes Smurfit Stone. Economic downturns in the region brought a reduction in mill operations and many residents left for other regions. In 2005 the mill completely shut down, leaving the town with no major industry.
There is a large wharf located to the east of the town. This was built to service cargo ships that would arrive to be loaded with kraft paper or bunker oil. It is now mainly recreational.
The town has a British Heritage Museum. There is a small shopping centre as well as an indoor swimming pool, a hockey arena, and a theatre.
Education
There is an English-language school (New Richmond High School) located in the centre of town which serves now grades K-11. French-speaking children have their own school (Bois Vivant) and complete high school in the town of Carleton.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, New Richmond had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Mother tongue language (2021)
Notable People from New Richmond
The Pride of New Richmond: Paul Willett, Hockey Player
François Bourque (born 1984), alpine skier
See also
List of cities in Quebec
References
Cities and towns in Quebec
Incorporated places in Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Richmond%2C%20Quebec |
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