text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
Magali Cornier Michael is a literary scholar, Professor of English, former Chair of the English Department, and current Associate Dean of the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts at Duquesne University. She is also a co-founder and former co-director of the Women's and Gender Studies program at Duquesne.
Michael received her A.B. from the University of Georgia in 1982, and later her M.A. and Ph.D. from Emory University.
She is the author of multiple articles on contemporary fiction.
Books
Feminism and the Postmodern Impulse: Post-World War II Fiction (1996, SUNY UP)
New Visions of Community in Contemporary American Fiction: Tan, Kingsolver, Castillo, Morrison (2006, Iowa UP)
"Narrative Innovation in 9/11 Fiction" (2014, Brill/Rodopi)
References
American literary critics
American women literary critics
University of Georgia alumni
Emory University alumni
Duquesne University faculty
American academics of English literature
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magali%20Cornier%20Michael |
Parts Unknown may refer to:
Parts Unknown (wrestling)
Parts Unknown (Crosbie book), a 2006 poetry book by Lynn Crosbie
Parts Unknown, a 1938 novel by Frances Parkinson Keyes
"Parts Unknown", a short story by David Francis (author)
Parts Unknown (game), a board game by Cheapass Games
Parts Unknown, a 2001 album by Spectre (musician)
Parts Unknown, an album by The Hydromatics
Parts Unknown: Hostile Takeover, a 2000 comic book, illustrated by Nat Jones
Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown, an American travel and food television series
See also
From Parts Unknown (album) 2014 album by Every Time I Die
Unknown (disambiguation)
Part (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts%20Unknown |
The Forges de Syam (Syam Forges) are forge works and sheet metal mills at the confluence of the rivers Ain and Saine to the south of Champagnole in the French département of Jura.
History of the site
The forges were still active in 2005, and still used some machinery from the 19th century, when the buildings were erected.
A tilt hammer mentioned 1757 and 1788 has been working as early as 1763, according to the record of a law case of 1763. It is reasonable to imagine it as part of the region's expansion in the metal-working industry in the 16th century, after establishment of the first smelting furnaces in the Saône valley.
The basic business was making scythes. These had a good reputation, and the making of them was a finely honed skill. In the 18th century, only a few forges had mastered the technique of using a mechanical hammer. So much was this a problem that French producers couldn't keep up with demand for scythes. They were imported, particularly from Styria, in the south-east of modern Austria, beyond the Tyrol. It was possible to develop this very skilled craft in the Jura owing to the expertise of immigrant workers from the Tyrol (just beyond the far end of Switzerland).
In conjunction with this skill, extensive woodland on the Jura mountains around the town provided the raw material for charcoal, a form of carbon free of sulphur and other impurities that make most coal unsuitable for iron working. Extensive woodland was an asset, as it takes many trees to make a relatively small amount of iron goods. In 1763, the owners, the Péry family, produced more than 15,000 scythes and more than 60,000 iron tires for the wheels of vehicles.
Nineteenth century
After the French Revolution, the production of good-quality scythes provided an important opportunity for investment. Other industrialists of the Jura, of the Vosges and Alsace began production, contributing to Charles-Joseph Péry declaring himself bankrupt on 24 July 1810.
The unit was bought the same year by Claude Jobez (1745–1830), of Morez. He had already made a fortune from selling clocks from the Franche-Comté region in Paris, and from financing several iron workshops. Also in 1810, Etienne Monnier who had married Adélaïde, the daughter of Claude Jobez in 1800, invested in the company alongside his father-in-law and the latter's son, Emmanuel. Between 1811 and 1820, they built a new factory downstream from the primitive tilt hammer. This included a novelty for France at the time, a reverberatory furnace. From 1820, these works produced 400 tons of goods each year, which doubled by 1840.
Competition from coke-smelted cast iron from the United Kingdom—which was cheaper than charcoal-produced iron goods at Syam—hurt the business. Alphonse Jobez, the son of Emmanuel, set up a nail works in 1864, which gave new life to an enterprise that had neared collapse. The workforce increased from 40 to 70.
Social and domestic life
From 1825, Emmanuel Jobez developed the project of building a Palladian villa, the Château de Syam to replace the old house beside the original forge. He didn't see its completion, having died by accident in 1828. Alphonse, his son, took up the cause of Fourierist theory. He applied it at Syam by creating a cité ouvrière (compare Saltaire), adjoining the factory, encouraging the setting up of a school and a dispensary. He added a post office with telegraph in 1885.
In parallel to this, he introduced exotic livestock to the estate farm and other lands he owned. A cultivated man, Alphonse also fitted out a library of 30,000 volumes on the first floor (American second floor) of the villa. Alphonse's granddaughter, who had married the son of Sadi-Carnot in 1910, would often stay at Syam.
Twentieth century
The nail works closed in 1914. Syam limited its range of products, specializing in those where there was limited competition. This enabled it to survive the two World Wars.
In 1945, the firm of UMAS, from Arc-et-Senans, a specialist in making files, became the main stakeholder in Syam. The group went bankrupt in 1976. From 1969, a workforce would come from Morocco, from the village of El Hajjyenne.
In 1976, the forges were sold to Experton-Revollier, a group from Isère. Modernization was necessary, as there was no travelling crane or electric motor-driven machinery (instead of belt transmission). Improvements went hand in hand with the retention of the steel rolling mill, the last of its type in France and one of the last in Europe.
Present-day activity
Today, this remnant of the iron industry of the 19th century feeds the market in short-run products, particularly in the fields of locksmiths' work, motor cars and lifts (elevators).
See also
Lac de Vouglans Hydro-electricity
External links
The official site of the château, residence of the forge-masters
Samples of metal sections rolled at the forge. Use the links for other pictures. text in French.
Syam, Forges de
Industrial Revolution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forges%20de%20Syam |
Serena Grandi (born 23 March 1958, in Bologna) known by the stage name for Serena Faggioli, is an Italian actress, famous as a sex symbol in Italian cinema of the 1980s and 1990s. She was a popular pin-up model in Italy. During her film career, some films credited her as Vanessa Steiger, and she was notable in particular for two gory opuses, Antropophagus (1980) and Delirium (1987).
Biography
Serena Grandi was born in Bologna. She graduated in computer programming and was first employed in a scientific analysis laboratory. She started her acting career in 1980, playing a supporting role in the comedy film La Compagna di viaggio by Ferdinando Baldi.
In the same year, Grandi played the role of Maggie in the controversial film Antropophagus, directed by Joe D'Amato. This film is well known among horror movie fans for its extreme gore sequences. After several minor roles, she took the title role in Tinto Brass' Miranda, which gave her the status of sex symbol in her native Italy and set the path for her stardom.
Through the 1980s, Grandi made nearly 20 films, mainly appearing in "Commedie sexy all'italiana" and erotic films, but also starring in sword epics such as The Adventures of Hercules and in some horror films. In 1987 Lamberto Bava gave her the role of Gloria in his film Delirium. In 1991 she married the antiquarian Beppe Ercole, 20 years her senior, with whom she had a son Edoardo; the couple divorced in 1998.
In the 1990s, Grandi started to back away from the spotlight; during this time she focused her career on television series.
In 2003-2004 Grandi spent 157 days under house arrest, accused of having sold a few grams of cocaine. The case was later dismissed.
In 2006, Grandi was a candidate in the list of Azione Sociale, a right-leaning party led by Alessandra Mussolini, but she was not elected. The same year she published her first novel, L’amante del federale. In 2008, after a break of ten years, she returned to acting.
In 2017 Grandi competed in Grande Fratello VIP, the Italian adaptation of Celebrity Big Brother.
Filmography
Films
Television
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Actors from Bologna
Italian film actresses
Italian television actresses
Italian stage actresses
Italian female models | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serena%20Grandi |
Young Lions may refer to:
Music, film, and print
Young Lions (album), a 1990 album by Adrian Belew
Young Lions (TV series), a 2002 Australian police drama
Young Lions (book), a 2010 graphic novel by Blaise Larmee
The Young Lions, a 1948 novel by Irwin Shaw
The Young Lions (album), a 1960 jazz recording
The Young Lions (film), a 1958 American film based upon the novel of the same name
Other
Young Lions Competition, for young advertising professionals, part of the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity
Young Lions FC, a Singapore under-23 football team
Young lion, a professional wrestling term for a rookie wrestler
Professional wrestlers under development by New Japan Pro-Wrestling
Young Lion Cup, a professional wrestling tournament promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling
See also
Young Lions & Old Tigers, a 1995 studio album by American jazz pianist Dave Brubeck | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20Lions |
The () or VVB is a part-independent Flemish-minded non-profit association. Since 1991, the VVB has been campaigning for the independence of Flanders and therefore belongs to the Flemish-nationalist movement within the Flemish Movement. The VVB maintains good contacts with most Flemish political parties. Its members come from all over the political spectrum. There are close structural ties with the Language Action Committee (T.A.K.) and the Flemish Committee for Brussels.
The VVB was founded in 1956 as an independent and pluralistic pressure group chaired by Maurits Coppieters, a notorious politician and anti-fascist Flemish nationalist. At a VVB congress in 1962, then-political secretary Wilfried Martens launched the idea of unionist federalism for then-unitary Belgium.
The VVB is one of the smaller social-cultural associations in Flanders. The Flemish People's Movement has a large number of local departments, a monthly magazine Onaf and specific workgroups. The VVB is officially recognised and therefore also subsidised by the Flemish Community as a socio-cultural association. Its goal is as follows: "The VVB aims to develop Flanders into an independent state through Dutch socio-cultural education work for adults. This includes studying all possible questions of a social, economic, financial, cultural and political nature, which are raised in connection with the full development of Flanders, socio-cultural training in connection with these problems and the information of public opinion in this area and all activities that can promote the resolution of these problems. The VVB is not a political party, but a pressure group that stands up for the general interest of the Flemish community. The VVB endorses the ECHR".
The current management rests with the board of directors, chairman Hugo Maes and director Hilde Roosens.
The VVB is campaigning for Flemish independence and against the Belgian democratic deficit and the still existing discriminations against the Flemish in the Belgian institutions and in Brussels.
The VVB is co-founder of EPI (European Partnership for Independence) and ICEC (International Commission of European Citizens). On 30 March 2014, the VVB organised a successful international demonstration for self-determination and independence in Brussels. The annual flagging of the Tour of Flanders in which some 70 000 lion flags are distributed among the viewers is the event in which the VVB manifests itself most clearly as the promoter of a Flemish identity.
References
External links
Vlaamse Volksbeweging Official Webpage
Webpage of ICEC
Webpage of EPI
Political and economic think tanks based in the European Union
Politics of Belgium
Think tanks based in Belgium
Flemish Movement | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaamse%20Volksbeweging |
The geophone, now often known as the ocean drum is a percussion instrument, invented by the French composer Olivier Messiaen for use in his large composition for piano and orchestra entitled Des canyons aux étoiles… ("From the canyons to the stars…") and later appeared in his other works. It consists of a drum filled with thousands of small lead pellets, and is played by swirling it around slowly so that the noise of the pellets resembles the sound of dry shifting earth.
History
Messiaen commissioned a Parisian instrument maker to construct one to his sketches, and he carried this instrument worldwide to early performances of the piece (which was given its first performance in New York City). Messiaen's wife, Yvonne Loriod, commented that when she and the composer first collected the new instrument from the maker in her car it made a "splendid crescendo" whenever they went around a corner.
It is now commonly known as the ocean drum.
Pieces featuring the geophone
Des canyons aux étoiles… by Messiaen
Saint François d'Assise by Messiaen
Asyla by Thomas Adès
These Premises are Alarmed by Thomas Adès
…towards a pure land by Jonathan Harvey
The Sacrifice by James MacMillan
The Sinbadventurers by Benjamin Gordon, referred to in the score as ocean drums.
Dark Sisters by Nico Muhly.
The Compass by Liza Lim, also referred to in the score as ocean drums.
Songs of Sailor and Sea by Robert W. Smith, referred to in the score as ocean drums.
References
European percussion instruments
French musical instruments
Olivier Messiaen
20th-century percussion instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophone%20%28musical%20instrument%29 |
Sanxion is a horizontally scrolling shooter developed by Stavros Fasoulas for the Commodore 64 and published in 1986 by Thalamus Ltd. It was the first game released by Thalamus. A ZX Spectrum port followed in 1989. Fasoulas also wrote Delta and Quedex.
Gameplay
Sanxion is a horizontally scrolling shooter. The goal to traverse each level from left to right avoiding or destroying any enemies and obstacles. The scrolling speed is controllable, increasing the closer the player is to the center of the screen. The screen is divided in two sections, the upper one with an overhead view, and the lower one, taking up two-thirds of the screen, shows a typical side view. Enemies can come from both sides of the screen in close formations that the player must avoid colliding with.
While the scrolling is automatic for the most part, the player can control the speed of the engines (there is even a bonus timer that counts down, as an incentive for those who want to "blast through"), and the pitch of the noise alters accordingly, while sounding vaguely like a didgeridoo. This "adjustable rate autoscroll" is uncommon in the genre (Armed Police Unit Gallop is another example of this). There are a few exceptions, though. Several levels end with sections where the ship is forced to fly at maximum speed (a two-note siren will sound at the beginning of such sections), where the player must be quick to avoid oncoming barriers.
There are two main types of levels in Sanxion, based on the enemies. In some, such as the first, the enemies are constant throughout the level. In some others, such as the second, reaching a certain point (usually change of terrain) will cause all enemies on screen to self-destruct, and a different type of enemy will appear. There are exceptions to these patterns.
At the end of each level, there are non-lethal bonus stages which award points to the player for shooting, crashing or avoiding floating letters (the action required depends on the actual letter) at great speed. The background in these stages is a rainbow, and the "radar" does not show your ship.
Ports
ZX Spectrum
Sanxion was ported externally to the ZX Spectrum by Softstorm Developments and published in 1989 with the subtitle the Spectrum Remix in both 48k and 128k versions. This port has noticeable gameplay differences, e.g. the scrolling speed is fixed. The music score features renditions of the two main themes arranged by Wally Beben.
Game Boy Advance
A port was planned by Thalamus Interactive in 2001 for the Game Boy Advance, with updated graphics and new features, like two-player mode and end-of-level bosses. A prototype without a split screen was developed, but the game was perceived too financially risky and ultimately canceled.
Development
Sanxion was the first Thalamus game to use the Cyberload loader by John Twiddy, famous for containing the string "hackers screw off and die". Computer Gaming World noted the presence of the fastloader (although not the string present) and was very thankful for its inclusion.
Music
The SID music by Rob Hubbard called "Thalamusik" was played in the Commodore 64 tape loading screen, during several minutes of slow tape load. The piece was inspired by Zoolook by Jean Michel Jarre, a piece that Hubbard also reproduced in SID form for some public domain demos. It was very popular and later spawned several fan-made remixes.
The menu plays a SID version of Sergei Prokofiev's "Dance of the Knights" piece from the ballet Romeo and Juliet.
Reception
The game was reviewed in 1988 in Dragon #130 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars.
Commodore User''''s Mike Pattenden considered the game to be a clone of Uridium which was well executed but not really worth purchasing as an alternative to the cheaper rival Warhawk.
It was voted Best Soundtrack of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards.
In a retrospective review Kristan Reed of Eurogamer gave the game a 7/10 rating: "Although Sanxion doesn't stand up nearly as well as Uridium does these days, it was still a real highlight of the C64's growing love-affair with shooters. If you're a twitch shooter junkie, this is a game you have to play at some stage".
ReviewsZzap! (Nov, 1986)Computer Gamer (Dec, 1986)Crash! (May, 1989)ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Dec, 1986)Happy Computer (1987)The Games Machine (Jun, 1989)Your Sinclair (Jun, 1989)Popular Computing Weekly (Oct 09, 1986)Computer Gaming World'' (Mar, 1988)
References
External links
Sanxion at Gamebase 64
Zzap!64review (1986)
Thalamus history at c64hq.com
An interview with Rob Hubbard, Sanxion's musician
1986 video games
Commodore 64 games
Europe-exclusive video games
Golden Joystick Award winners
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Thalamus Ltd games
Video games developed in Finland
Video games scored by Rob Hubbard
ZX Spectrum games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanxion |
VVB has more meanings:
vvb is a Canadian brand owned by alizone
Vereinsbank Victoria Bauspar
Vorstenlandsche Voetbal Bond
Vlaamse Volksbeweging
Vereinigungen Volkseigener Betriebe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVB |
Milton Edward Graff (December 30, 1930 - August 2, 2005) was a Major League Baseball second baseman. He was born on Tuesday, December 30, 1930 in Jefferson Center, Pennsylvania. He was listed at a height of and a weight of 158 pounds. Graff attended Butler Senior High School and then attended Pennsylvania State University and Lycoming College. At Lycoming, he got a degree in accounting. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Playing career
Around 1949, Graff was signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates as an amateur free agent. Around eight years later, during which his baseball career was interrupted when he enlisted in the Army to fight in the Korean War, Graff made his major league debut on April 16, 1957 at the age of 26 with the Kansas City Athletics (he was sent to the Athletics from the New York Yankees, by whom he'd been drafted in 1955). He wore the number 4.
In 61 major league games, Graff batted .179 with 4 doubles, 3 triples and 0 home runs. He showed a good eye at the plate by walking 15 times and striking out only 10 times. In the field, Graff committed 3 errors for a .988 fielding percentage. He also was involved in 36 double plays.
Graff played his final game on September 21, 1958.
On February 19, 1957, the New York Yankees sent Graff, Rip Coleman, Billy Hunter, Mickey McDermott, Tom Morgan and Irv Noren to the Kansas City Athletics for Art Ditmar, Bobby Shantz, Jack McMahan and Wayne Belardi.
Life after baseball
After baseball, Graff held several jobs in the field of accounting and was involved in baseball as scouting director and infield coach for the Pirates and director of stadium operations for Three Rivers Stadium. He was involved in the building of Three Rivers Stadium. He also was a scout for the Pirates, San Francisco Giants and Cincinnati Reds. He also held multiple front office jobs.
In 1987, Lycoming honored Graff with a distinguished alumni award.
On August 2, 2005, Graff died in Rockdale, Texas of complications from Alzheimers. He chose to be cremated.
References
External links
1930 births
2005 deaths
Asheville Tourists players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Birmingham Barons players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Burlington Bees (Carolina League) players
Charleston Rebels players
Dallas Rangers players
Neurological disease deaths in Texas
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Hutchinson Elks players
Kansas City Athletics players
Lycoming Warriors baseball players
Major League Baseball second basemen
New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players
Penn State Nittany Lions baseball players
Pittsburgh Pirates coaches
Pittsburgh Pirates scouts
Portland Beavers players
Richmond Virginians (minor league) players
Tacoma Giants players
Uniontown Coal Barons players
Williamsport Grays players
American expatriate baseball players in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milt%20Graff |
The Parable of the Leaven, also called the parable of the yeast, is one of the shortest parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew and Luke , as well as in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas (logion 96). In the canonical gospels it immediately follows the Parable of the Mustard Seed, which shares this parable's theme of the Kingdom of Heaven growing from small beginnings. In the Gospel of Thomas it starts a series of three, preceding the Parable of the empty jar and the Parable of the Strong Man.
Narrative
The parable describes what happens when a woman adds leaven (old, fermented dough, usually containing lactobacillus and yeast) to a large quantity of flour (about gallons or 38 litres). The living organisms in the leaven grow overnight, so that by morning the entire quantity of dough has been raised.
In the Gospel of Luke, the parable is as follows:
Interpretation
Ben Witherington suggests that this parable is part of a pair, and shares its meaning with the preceding parable, that of the mustard seed, namely the powerful growth of the Kingdom of God from small beginnings. The final outcome is inevitable once the natural process of growth has begun. Adolf Jülicher identifies three parts to a parable or similitude (extended simile or metaphor): a picture part (Bildhälfte), a reality part (Sachhälfte), and a tertium comparationis. The picture part is a woman making bread with leaven, the reality part is the kingdom of God, and the point of comparison is the powerful growth of the kingdom from small beginnings.
Although leaven symbolises evil influences elsewhere in the New Testament (see ), it is not generally interpreted that way in this parable. However, a few commentators do see the leaven as reflecting future corrupting influences in the Church.
As with the Parable of the Lost Coin, this parable is part of a pair, in which the first parable describes Jesus' work in terms of agricultural activities of men compared to the second parable with a focus on women's domestic activities. Joel B. Green writes that Jesus "asks people - male or female, privileged or peasant, it does not matter - to enter the domain of a first-century woman and household cook in order to gain perspective on the domain of God."
The large quantity of flour may hint at a planned festive occasion, since the bread produced could feed a hundred people. Three measures of meal was the amount used by Sarah to bake bread when she and Abram were visited by the LORD and the angels in Genesis 18. It is also the amount used in baking the shewbread for the Temple of the Lord in Israel. Both trees (mustard or otherwise) and leavened bread possess a fractal structure visible to the naked eye.
Commentary from the Church Fathers
Chrysostom: "The same thing the Lord sets forth in this parable of the leaven, as much as to say to His disciples, As leaven changes into its own kind much wheat-flour, so shall ye change the whole world. Note here the wisdom of the Saviour; He first brings instances from nature, proving that as the one is possible so is the other. And He says not simply ‘put,’ but hid; as much as to say, So ye, when ye shall be cast down by your enemies, then ye shall overcome them. And so leaven is kneaded in, without being destroyed, but gradually changes all things into its own nature; so shall it come to pass with your preaching. Fear ye not then because I said that many tribulations shall come upon you, for so shall ye shine forth, and shall overcome them all. He says, three measures, to signify a great abundance; that definite number standing for an indefinite quantity."
Augustine: "Or, The leaven signifies love, because it causes activity and fermentation; by the woman He means wisdom. By the three measures He intends either those three things in man, with the whole heart, with the whole soul, with the whole mind; or the three degrees of fruitfulness, the hundred-fold, the sixty-fold, the thirty-fold, or those three kinds of men, Noe, Daniel, and Job."
Rabanus Maurus: "He says, Until the whole was leavened, because that love implanted in our mind ought to grow until it changes the whole soul into its own perfection; which is begun here, but is completed hereafter."
Jerome: "Or otherwise; The woman who takes the leaven and hides it, seems to me to be the Apostolic preaching, or the Church gathered out of divers nations. She takes the leaven, that is, the understanding of the Scriptures, and hides it in three measures of meal, that the three, spirit, soul, and body, may be brought into one, and may not differ among themselves. Or otherwise; We read in Plato that there are three parts in the soul, reason, anger, and desire; so we also if we have received the evangelic leaven of Holy Scripture, may possess in our reason prudence, in our anger hatred against vice, in our desire love of the virtues, and this will all come to pass by the Evangelic teaching which our mother Church has held out to us. I will further mention an interpretation of some; that the woman is the Church, who has mingled the faith of man in three measures of meal, namely, belief in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; which when it has fermented into one lump, brings us not to a threefold God, but to the knowledge of one Divinity. This is a pious interpretation; but parables and doubtful solutions of dark things, can never bestow authority on dogmas."
Hilary of Poitiers: "Or otherwise; The Lord compares Himself to leaven; for leaven is produced from meal, and communicates the power that it has received to a heap of its own kind. The woman, that is the Synagogue, taking this leaven hides it, that is by the sentence of death; but it working in the three measures of meal, that is equally in the Law, the Prophets, and the Gospels, makes all one; so that what the Law ordains, that the Prophets announce, that is fulfilled in the developments of the Gospels. But many, as I remember, have thought that the three measures refer to the calling of the three nations, out of Shem, Ham, and Japhet. But I hardly think that the reason of the thing will allow this interpretation; for though these three nations have indeed been called, yet in them Christ is shown and not hidden, and in so great a multitude of unbelievers the whole cannot be said to be leavened."
See also
Five Discourses of Matthew
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Ministry of Jesus
Holy Spirit
References
Leaven, Parable of the | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable%20of%20the%20Leaven |
Uel Melvin Eubanks (born in Quinlan, Texas on February 14, 1903; died in Dallas, Texas, November 21, 1954) was a pitcher for the Chicago Cubs from July 20, 1922, to August 25, 1922. Eubanks pitched in two career games, one of which is the highest-scoring game in modern MLB history, a 26-23 Cubs victory over the Philadelphia Phillies. Eubanks gave up eight runs in 2/3 of an inning in this game.
Eubanks hit a double in his only at-bat in Major League Baseball, thus retiring with a 1.000 batting average for the Cubs. After his brief stint in the majors, he spent six years playing for minor league teams.
Personal
Eubanks was known for being a heavy drinker, and according to Baseball Almanac, he was arrested for possession of alcohol during Prohibition. He died at age 51 in 1954 from a cerebral hemorrhage.
References
External links
1903 births
1954 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Hunt County, Texas
Chicago Cubs players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uel%20Eubanks |
The African American Civil War Memorial Museum, in the U Street district of Washington, D.C., recognizes the contributions of the 209,145 members of the United States Colored Troops (USCT). The eponymous memorial, dedicated in July 1998 by the African American Civil War Memorial Freedom Foundation, commemorates the service of 209,145 African-American soldiers and about 7,000 white and 2,145 Hispanic soldiers, together with the approximate 20,000 unsegregated Navy sailors, who fought for the Union in the American Civil War, mostly among the 175 regiments of United States Colored Troops.
The Memorial is at the corner of Vermont Avenue, 10th Street, and U Street NW in Washington, D.C. It holds a 9-foot bronze statue, The Spirit of Freedom, by Ed Hamilton of Louisville, Kentucky, commissioned by the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities in 1993 and completed in 1997. The memorial includes a walking area with curved panel short walls inscribed with the names of the men who served in the war.
The Museum is across the street from the Memorial, at 1925 Vermont Ave. NW. Plans are in place for it to move into the former Grimké School, at 1923 Vermont Ave. NW. As of 2018 the Museum is housed in the former gymnasium of the school, which was converted into an office building in the 1980s.
Both are served by the U Street station on the Washington Metro, served by the Yellow and Green Lines.
History
The memorial
The memorial was developed by the African American Civil War Memorial Freedom Foundation and Museum. It was transferred to the National Park Service (NPS) on October 27, 2004. The National Mall and Memorial Parks office of the NPS now manages the site.
The museum
The African American Civil War Museum is located directly across from the memorial at 1925 Vermont Avenue. From July 16–18, 2011, it celebrated its grand opening in a new facility, with a weekend of speakers and events devoted to racial reconciliation. It planned four years of activities to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the war and African-American contributions.
The museum opened in January 1999 in a building two blocks west of the memorial in the historic U Street Corridor, a neighborhood traditionally the heart of African-American entertainment and theater in Washington. The museum enables visitors, researchers, and descendants of the United States Colored Troops to better understand their stories. It displays photographs, newspaper articles, and replicas of period clothing, and uniforms and weaponry of the Civil War.
The African American Civil War Memorial Registry at the museum documents the family trees of more than 2,000 descendants of those men who served with the USCT. Other descendants may register. Visitors can easily search the database to find ancestors and relatives registered in the Descendants Registry.
Notable people
A number of men have had their service and lives noted. Among the nearly 220,000 names here are some whose service and lives have been documented. Many earned a Medal of Honor, the highest and most prestigious personal military decoration that may be awarded to recognize U.S. military service members who distinguished themselves by acts of valor, during their service in a black regiment during the war. Additionally many earned a brevet promotion which was a warrant giving a commissioned officer a higher rank title as a reward for gallantry or meritorious conduct, but without conferring the authority, precedence, or pay of real rank.
George E. Albee (January 27, 1845 – March 24, 1918) was a lieutenant in the 36th United States Colored Infantry.
Samuel C. Armstrong (January 30, 1839 – May 11, 1893, in Maui, Hawaii) Commanded union black soldiers in the civil war, established Hampton University 1868. Served as a lieutenant colonel assigned to the 9th United States Colored Infantry and then command of the 8th United States Colored Troops.
John F. Appleton (August 29, 1838 – August 31, 1870) had command of the 81st Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops.
William H. Appleton (March 24, 1843 – September 9, 1912) served in the 4th United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Alexander Thomas Augusta (March 8, 1825 – December 21, 1890) was a Regimental Surgeon of the 7th United States Colored Troops.
William H. Barnes (c. 1840 or 1845 – December 24, 1866) served in the 38th United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Charles L. Barrell (August 1, 1842 – April 18, 1914) served in the 102nd Regiment United States Colored Troops as a flag holder, attained the rank of first lieutenant, and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Jesse T. Barrick (January 18, 1841 – November 3, 1923) served in the 57th United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Powhatan Beaty (October 8, 1837 – December 6, 1916) served in the 5th United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Orson W. Bennett (November 17, 1841 – January 8, 1904) served in the 102nd Regiment United States Colored Troops and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Frederick Benteen (August 24, 1834 – June 22, 1898) served in the 138th United States Colored Volunteers and was given awards for his service during the war.
William Birney (May 28, 1819 – August 14, 1907) was a colonel of the 22nd United States Colored Troops and then with the 3rd Division of the X Corps and given awards for his service during the war.
Lionel F. Booth was a commander of the 6th United States Regiment Colored Heavy Artillery and was killed in action on April 12, 1864, at the Battle of Fort Pillow.
Felix Brannigan (1844 – June 10, 1907) was officer in the 103rd United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
James H. Bronson (1838 – March 16, 1884) served in the 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment, rose to the rank of first sergeant, and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Peter Bruner (1845 – April 6, 1938) escaped slavery and served in the 12th Regiment Heavy Artillery United States Colored Troops.
George W. Brush (October 4, 1842 – November 18, 1927) served in the 34th Infantry Regiment United States Colored Troops and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Edward Lyon Buchwalter (June 1, 1841 – October 4, 1933) served as captain of the 53rd Mississippi Colored Volunteers Infantry
Louis H. Carpenter (February 11, 1839 – January 21, 1916) served as commander in the 5th United States Colored Cavalry.
Peter J. Carter (May 29, 1845 – July 19, 1886) served in the 10th United States Colored Infantry.
Thornton Chase (February 22, 1847 – September 30, 1912) served as first lieutenant of 26th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops and then as a captain in the 104th United States Colored Infantry.
Emmet Crawford (December 22, 1844 – January 18, 1886) served in the 13th United States Colored Artillery at the end of the war.
Samuel J. Crawford (April 10, 1835 – October 21, 1913) served as colonel of the 2nd Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry (Colored).
Andrew Davidson (February 12, 1840 – November 10, 1902) served with the 30th United States Colored Troops where he was promoted to first lieutenant and later regimental adjutant and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Hasbrouck Davis (April 19, 1827 – October 19, 1870) and served with the 3rd Regiment Cavalry United States Colored Troops.
Martin Delany (May 6, 1812 – January 24, 1885) was commissioned as a major, the first black line field officer in the war and achieving the highest rank an African American during the war.
Charles DeRudio (August 26, 1832 – November 1, 1910) served as second lieutenant in the 2nd United States Colored Infantry.
Joel Dewey (September 20, 1840 – June 17, 1873) served as lieutenant colonel of the 111th United States Colored Infantry.
John Eaton (December 5, 1829 – February 9, 1906) served in the 63rd United States Colored Infantry and rose to brevet brigadier general.
Alonzo J. Edgerton (June 7, 1827 – August 9, 1896) served as colonel of the 67th Regiment Infantry United States Colored Troops and rose to the rank of a brigadier general.
Nathan H. Edgerton (August 28, 1839 – October 27, 1932) was commissioned a first lieutenant in the 6th United States Colored Infantry and became the adjutant of the unit.
Ira Hobart Evans (April 11, 1844 – April 19, 1922) was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the 9th United States Colored Troops. In January, 1865 he was promoted to captain in the 116th United States Colored Troops, promoted to brevet major and assigned as assistant Adjutant of the XXV Army Corps, Army of the James. He received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Bernard Gaines Farrar Jr (1831–1916) served with the 6th United States Colored Heavy Artillery.
Berthold Fernow (November 28, 1837 – March 3, 1908) served as lieutenant of the 3rd United States Colored troops.
Christian Fleetwood (July 21, 1840 – September 28, 1914) was commissioned as sergeant the 4th Regiment United States Colored Infantry and rose to sergeant major.
James Daniel Gardner (September 16, 1839 – September 29, 1905) served in the 36th Regiment United States Colored Troops and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Gordon or "Whipped Peter" escaped slavery and served in one of many Louisiana Union Civil War units.
Adolphus Greely (March 27, 1844 – October 20, 1935) commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the 81st United States Colored Infantry, promoted to 1st lieutenant and then captain.
Henry M. Hardenbergh (c. 1843 – August 28, 1865) earned a lieutenant's commission in the 36th United States Colored Troops during the war and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
James H. Harris (1828 – January 28, 1898) served in the 38th United States Colored Troops quickly promoted and then sergeant and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Llewellyn F. Haskell (October 8, 1842 – November 26, 1929) was commissioned as lieutenant colonel of the 7th United States Colored Infantry and later promoted to the command of the 41st United States Colored Infantry.
Thomas R. Hawkins (1840 – February 28, 1870) rose to the rank of sergeant major of the 6th United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Alfred B. Hilton (1842 – October 21, 1864) served with the 4th Regiment United States Colored Infantry and posthumously received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Edward Winslow Hinks (May 30, 1830 – February 14, 1894) served as a commander in the XVIII Corps.
Milton M. Holland (August 1, 1844 – May 15, 1910) initially as the serving as a sergeant major of the 5th United States Colored Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Charles Henry Howard (August 28, 1838 – January 27, 1908) commanding the United States Colored Troops training camp at Beaufort, South Carolina, as well as the 128th United States Colored Infantry, and was promoted to brevet brigadier general
Joshua B. Howell (September 11, 1806 – September 14, 1864) serving in the XVIII and X Corps, died during battle and was posthumously promoted to brigadier general.
Miles James (1829 – August 28, 1871) serving as corporal in the 36th United States Colored Troops, and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
J. R. Kealoha (? – March 5, 1877) serving in the 41st United States Colored Infantry.
Alexander Kelly (April 7, 1840 – June 19, 1907) rising to a first sergeant of the 6th U.S. Colored Infantry, and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Bradford Leavitt (1868 – after 1912) serving in the 70th United States Colored Infantry as well as the 12th United States Colored Heavy Artillery.
Hermann Lieb (May 24, 1826 – March 5, 1908) started with the 9th Louisiana Regiment Infantry (African Descent) which eventually became the 5th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery and promoted to brevet brigadier general.
Samuel R. Lowery (December 9, 1830– circa 1900) serving initially as chaplain of the 9th United States Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops and later as teacher for the 2nd United States Colored Light Artillery.
Elijah P. Marrs (January 1840 – August 30, 1910) serving as sergeant in the 12th Regiment Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops.
Edelmiro Mayer (28 May 1834 – 4 January 1897) was promoted to lieutenant colonel commanding the 45th United States Infantry Colored regiment.
Selah Merrill (May 2, 1837 – January 22, 1909) serving as chaplain of the 49th United States Colored Infantry.
Thomas Mower McDougall (21 May 1845 – 3 July 1909) serving as 2nd lieutenant of the 10th United States Louisiana Volunteers of African Descent, later redesignated as 48th US Colored Infantry.
Charles E. Nash (May 23, 1844 – June 21, 1913) serving in the 82nd Regiment United States Volunteers and was promoted to the rank of sergeant major.
Wyatt Outlaw (1820 – February 26, 1870) serving in the 2nd Regiment United States Colored Cavalry.
P. B. S. Pinchback (May 10, 1837 – December 21, 1921) serving as a company commander in the 2nd Louisiana Regiment Native Guard Infantry, made up mostly of escaped slaves, later reformed as the 74th US Colored Infantry Regiment.
Robert Pinn (March 1, 1843 – January 5, 1911) serving as first sergeant in the 5th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, also known as the 127th Ohio Volunteer Infantry and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
Samuel Miller Quincy (1832 – March 24, 1887) was recommissioned as the lieutenant colonel of the 73rd United States Colored Infantry Regiment and was promoted to colonel in command of the regiment.
Benjamin F. Randolph (1820 – October 16, 1868) as chaplain in the 26th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops.
William Gould (W.G.) Raymond (1819–1893) serving as chaplain in the 1st United States Colored Infantry.
Pleasant Richardson (1845 – May 30, 1935) was a former slave, and served in the 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment.
Edward Ratcliff (February 8, 1835 – March 10, 1915) serving as first sergeant in the 38th Regiment United States Colored Troops.
Hiram Scofield (July 1, 1830 – December 30, 1906) serving in the 8th Louisiana Regiment Infantry (African Descent), later reorganized as the 47th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops and rising as a brevet brigadier general.
Robert Smalls (April 5, 1839 – February 23, 1915) was commissioned second lieutenant of the 1st South Carolina Volunteers (later re-designated as the 33rd US Colored Infantry,) and his service in the navy was also recognized.
Preston Taylor (November 7, 1849 – April 13, 1931) enlisted the 116th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops as a drummer.
Walter Thorn (November 18, 1844 – July 20, 1920) served as second lieutenant in the 116th United States Colored Troops, attained the rank of major, and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
David Torrance (March 3, 1840 – September 5, 1906) was commissioned a captain in the 29th Regiment U.S. Colored Troops and rose to serve as a lieutenant colonel.
Benjamin F. Tracy (April 26, 1830 – August 6, 1915) was appointed a colonel of the 127th Infantry, U.S. Colored Troops.
Henry McNeal Turner (February 1, 1834 – May 8, 1915) served as a chaplain in one of the first regiments of black troops.
John B. Weber (September 21, 1842 – December 18, 1926) commanded of the 89th United States Colored Infantry.
James F. Wade (April 14, 1843 – August 23, 1921) was promoted as a brevet lieutenant colonel of the 6th United States Colored Cavalry.
Josiah T. Walls (December 30, 1842 – May 15, 1905) volunteered and was assigned to a United States Colored Troops regiment and rose to the rank of corporal.
Godfrey Weitzel (November 1, 1835 – March 19, 1884) was assigned command of the XXV Corps.
Lewis Ledyard Weld (May 13, 1833 – January 10, 1865) enrolled as a major, and subsequently became a lieutenant colonel of the 41st United States Colored Troops.
Edward A. Wild (November 25, 1825 – August 28, 1891) was a brigadier general with a command of a brigade of black infantry comprised the 55th Massachusetts Infantry, and the 2nd and 3rd North Carolina Colored Volunteers (which later became renumbered as the 36th and 37th United States Colored Troops respectively).
James Monroe Williams (September 12, 1833 – February 15, 1907) was the initial commander of the 1st Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry (Colored) and then commissioned as a lieutenant colonel as the 79th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops, and was later promoted to the rank of colonel.
Henry Wilson (February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) served in the 31st and 104th Regiments of United States Colored Troops, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and second-in-command of the 104th.
Stewart L. Woodford (September 3, 1835 – February 14, 1913) was a colonel of the 103rd Colored Infantry Regiment and rose to brevet brigadier general.
C. C. Vaughn (December 27, 1846 – October 21, 1923) enlisted in the 13th Regiment Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops and was promoted to orderly sergeant.
Charles Veale (1838 – July 27, 1872) enlisting as a private in the 4th Regiment United States Colored Infantry and was promoted to corporal, and received the Medal of Honor for service during the war.
George Ziegler (1832–1912) was colonel of the 52nd Regiment of U.S. Colored Troops and was promoted to brevet brigadier general.
See also
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War
List of United States Colored Troops Civil War units
List of museums focused on African Americans
References
External links
African American Civil War Memorial and Museum
African American Civil War Memorial – National Park Service
18 photos, Sites of Memory Website
Ed Hamilton, The Spirit of Freedom, Ed Hamilton Official Web Site
Spirit of Freedom Inventory of American Sculpture Survey
"African Americans and the Civil War", image slideshow, Life magazine
1997 sculptures
2004 establishments in Washington, D.C.
African-American military monuments and memorials
African-American museums in Washington, D.C.
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War
American Civil War museums in Washington, D.C.
Bronze sculptures in Washington, D.C.
National Mall and Memorial Parks
Sculptures of African Americans
Union (American Civil War) monuments and memorials in Washington, D.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20American%20Civil%20War%20Memorial%20Museum |
Pakington Street is a boutique shopping strip in Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Known as “Pako” to local residents, the strip stretches between the suburbs of Geelong West at its north end and Newtown at the south.
The south end of Pakington Street is commonly referred to as the "Paris end", due to its high density of high-end designer boutiques and exclusive restaurants, while the north end, better suited for retail and hospitality, is commonly referred to as the "Melbourne end".
While both ends have their followers, it is the Melbourne end that has been the most popular of recent times, in part, due to its position as the center of Geelong when it comes to cosmopolitan atmosphere and multiculturalism.
Every February, the street hosts the Pakington Street Festa or Pako Festa; a parade dedicated to celebrating the multicultural heritage of the area.
References
External links
Pakington Street Local Business Directory
Culture in Geelong
Tourist attractions in Geelong | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakington%20Street |
The welterweight boxing competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held from 15 to 29 August at Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall. This is limited to those boxers weighing between 64 and 69 kilograms.
Competition format
Like all Olympic boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 28 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various tournaments held in 2003 and 2004. The competition began with a preliminary round on 15 August, where the number of competitors was reduced to 16, and concluded with the final on 29 August. As there were fewer than 32 boxers in the competition, a number of boxers received a bye through the preliminary round. Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals.
All bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with one-minute breaks between rounds. Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Five judges scored each bout; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score. The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout.
Schedule
All times are Greece Standard Time (UTC+2)
Qualifying Athletes
Results
Notes
Adam Trupish (CAN) qualified for the Athens Games as a lucky semifinal loser in the second tournament in Tijuana, Mexico. He took the place of Juan McPherson (USA), a finalist from the 2003 Pan American Games.
Basharmal Sultani of Afghanistan received a wild card from the IOC.
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Welterweight | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Welterweight |
Frontier City is a western-themed amusement park in Oklahoma City. It is owned by EPR and operated by Six Flags. The park originally opened in 1958. Frontier City is the third-oldest Six Flags park behind Six Flags New England and Six Flags Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor. Frontier City and La Ronde in Montreal are the only two company parks not officially branded as Six Flags parks.
History
Burge/Williams era (1958–1981)
In 1958, the park opened along Route 66, now Interstate 35. It featured a haunted farm, a mine train, robberies, and jails. Initially, guests entered for free but paid a quarter to watch the gunfight shows. It started out as Boomtown, a replica of an Oklahoma pioneer town that was built for the state's semicentennial celebration in 1957 at the Oklahoma State Fair grounds. Jimmy Burge, the leader of the committee that built it, decided to open an amusement park with the same theme. Rather than a traditional ribbon cutting, it was scheduled to have an old-fashioned six-shooter aimed at a piece of rope stretched across the stockade entrance. That is the same manner used today for its opening. It added spinning rides, roller coasters, and a log flume ride starting in the 1960s and 1970s.
The park was originally owned and operated by Oklahoma City businessmen James Burge and Jack Williams. James Burge had been a publicist in Hollywood for twenty years, with clients that included Joan Crawford and Robert Taylor. He visited Disneyland when it opened in 1955 and was very impressed with the theme park business. Being from Oklahoma City, he knew his hometown would be a natural location for a western-themed amusement park. After World War II, he returned to Oklahoma City and was later appointed to lead the Oklahoma Semi-Centennial Committee, which was planning the 1957 Oklahoma Semi-Centennial Exposition in Oklahoma City.
After the 1957 Exposition was over, he negotiated with the fair board to purchase many of the buildings and props at the "Boom Town" exhibit. Burge laid out the land and facilities with four initial investors, then entered a partnership with Jack Williams, a wealthy businessman who owned a chain of laundries. Although Williams was initially interested in the park's linen rental contract, he was convinced by Burge's vision and became the principal investor. Together, they developed the park as a recreation of an 1880s Western town. Russell Pearson was credited as the architect responsible for building designs and general layouts. The four square blocks of streets contained a Marshall's office, saloon, bank, post office (with its own postmark), fire department, hotel, and numerous storefronts. Attractions at the park included a train ride built by Arrow Dynamics, an authentic stagecoach ride, a donkey ride, and an indoor dark ride designed by Pearson, who later went on to work on Silver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri and Ghost Town in the Sky in Maggie Valley, North Carolina.
The park reported attendance of over one million people each year, although because parking and admission were free, attendance was determined by Burge from the number of train tickets sold, which could have counted the same people multiple times each day. It was famous for its live entertainment, including staged gunfights, Indian dancing, saloon shows, train robberies, and other similar types of Western experiences. The park made money by leasing concessions, and the concessionaires set their own prices; Burge recounted in 1988 that visitors "could walk around free unless [they] got thirsty". Williams set up the offices for his company and Frontier City staff in two surplus cabooses, purchased from the Frisco Railroad, and entertained dignitaries in the Susie Belle, the former Frisco President's Car, which had been declared surplus in 1958. Burge left Frontier City in 1961, and Williams followed in 1975.
New management (1981–1987)
In the fall of 1981, the Tierco Group, a local real estate company, bought the park with plans to dismantle it and develop the land. However, the oil crunch slowed down the local real estate boom, and the startled company found itself with a sagging amusement park to operate. The president of the company realized Oklahoma City needed a local amusement park but also knew that throwing a few million dollars at the park was not going to be enough to solve its problems. In 1983, the owners hired a management company to operate it. Gary Story was named the general manager in 1984.
Tierco Group/Premier Parks/Six Flags era (1987–2006)
In 1987, the contract with the management company was not renewed, but the management staff went to work directly for the park owners, Frontier City Properties, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tierco Group, Inc.
In 1995, The Tierco Group, Inc. changed its name to Premier Parks. On February 9, 1998, it was announced that Premier Parks would purchase the Six Flags chain from Time Warner for $1.9 billion and change its name to Six Flags, Inc. The world headquarters for Six Flags were located at the southeast corner of the park's property until 2006, when the company's offices were moved to New York City and Grand Prairie, Texas.
On January 27, 2006, Six Flags put Frontier City and White Water Bay, Six Flags Magic Mountain, Elitch Gardens, Darien Lake, a couple of water parks, and Wild Waves/Enchanted Village for sale. At the same time, it also announced its plan to close its corporate offices in Oklahoma City and move to New York City and Grand Prairie, Texas. Mark Shapiro, Six Flags CEO at the time, said that he expected the parks to continue operating after the sale, but rumours surfaced that some of them could close. The announcement also created a lot of confusion in the Oklahoma City market. Many people misunderstood the announcement, instead thinking that Frontier City was shutting down and relocating to New York.
CNL Properties and PARC Management era (2007–2010)
On January 11, 2007, Six Flags opted to keep Magic Mountain but then announced that it would sell Frontier City and White Water Bay, along with Elitch Gardens, Darien Lake, Splashtown (near Houston) and Wild Waves/Enchanted Village, to PARC 7F-Operations. As a part of the deal, the Six Flags prefix was removed from Elitch Gardens and Darien Lake. Frontier City and White Water Bay were never branded as Six Flags parks. PARC sold them to CNL Income Properties, Inc. and the two companies set up a long-term agreement in which CNL would lease the parks to PARC, which would operate them.
In 2008, a new suspended roller coaster, Steel Lasso, was added to celebrate the park's 50th anniversary.
On November 24, 2010, CNL Lifestyle Properties, Inc. announced that it had reached an agreement to terminate PARC's lease of the park and up to 17 other locations due to PARC defaulting on its contractual lease and loan obligations. The move came after, according to their 2010 SEC filings, PARC defaulted on their lease obligations on the properties. Five of the original six parks originally purchased from Six Flags are also involved in the lease termination.
Premier Parks, LLC era (2011–2016)
In 2011, it was announced that as the result of an agreement with owner CNL Lifestyle Properties, former Six Flags executives Kieran Burke and Gary Story would begin managing the properties as Premier Parks, LLC.
In 2012 a new multi-million dollar water play structure was erected in a former parking lot. The area is called Wild West Water Works and features seven slides, a 1,000 gallon tipping water bucket and hundreds of water gadgets.
In 2014, the park turned to Plainview, Texas-based Larson International for the new Winged Warrior ride and again in 2015 for the new Brain Drain, a seven-story looping thrill ride.
Another new attraction was added in 2016 called The Gunslinger, a 60-foot-tall spinning thrill ride made by Italian ride manufacturer, Zamperla. It was relocated from Magic Spring in Hot Springs, Arkansas, a park also owned by CNL Lifestyle Properties, Inc. 2016 also celebrated the 25th anniversary of the Wildcat. Much of the ride was re-tracked in 2016 to make for a smoother ride.
EPR Properties/Premier Parks era (2016–2018)
After the 2016 season the park was again sold, this time to EPR Properties which was operating it under the name Frontier City Holdings LLC. Premier Parks continued as the management company, with Stephen Ball continuing to act as its general manager.
For the 2017 season the Wildcat received a complete train makeover with rebuilt cars which includes new lap bars as well as a new color scheme of dark blue from its previous red. A new million dollar water ride was added to the Wild West Waterworks called the Gully Washer which consists of three high-thrill water slides that will start from a tower, approximately 66 feet tall. One of the new shows for the 2017 season performed in the Opera House is called "Shake, Rattle, and Roll", which replaced the show "Industrial Movement" and revisited the music of the 1950s and 1960s.
EPR Properties/Six Flags era (2018–present)
On May 22, 2018, Six Flags Entertainment Corporation announced that they had entered into a purchase agreement with Premier Parks to acquire the lease rights to operate the park, which would remain under EPR Properties ownership.
Before the start of the 2020 season, Six Flags suspended all operations across all their properties due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After over two months of the park operations being closed, Frontier City became the first park in the company to reopen on June 5, with new health and safety protocols. As of June 2020, Frontier City operations have resumed.
Special events
Frontier City hosts concerts every summer at the Starlight Amphitheater.
Fright Fest
In 2018, Frontier City debuted "Fright Fest", which had previously been an annual event at the park until 2007. After Six Flags sold the park in 2007, the event was named "FrightFest" without the space to avoid legal issues.
Holiday in the Park
In 2018, Frontier City debuted "Holiday in the Park", a Christmas event with lights and entertainment throughout the park. The event added 27 operating days between November and January, a first for the park. Prior to Six Flags' re-acquisition of the park in May 2018, the event was to be named "A Frontier Christmas". It didn’t return in 2022 based on the park website.
Rides and attractions
Roller coasters
Thrill Rides
Family Rides
Kids' Rides
Water Park Rides
Former Rides
References
External links
Frontier City Official Website
Frontier City on Oklahoma Tourism Website
Amusement parks in Oklahoma
Western (genre) theme parks
Buildings and structures in Oklahoma City
Tourist attractions in Oklahoma City
Former PARC Management theme parks
Premier Parks, LLC
Companies based in Oklahoma City
Amusement parks opened in 1958
1958 establishments in Oklahoma
Six Flags amusement parks
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier%20City |
Pako Festa is an annual festival held in Pakington Street, Geelong West each year around late February. The festival is held to promote cultural diversity and show appreciation for the artwork and fashion designed by citizens of the Geelong area.
The first festival was held in 1983, and currently attracts the participation of around 30 cultural community groups, up to 60 community groups and a total attendance in excess of 100,000 people. It is the largest multicultural festival in Victoria.
References
External links
Pako Festa Official Site
Festivals established in 1983
Culture in Geelong
Tourist attractions in Geelong
Festivals in Victoria (state)
1983 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako%20Festa |
A persona (also user persona, customer persona, buyer persona) in user-centered design and marketing is a personalized fictional character created to represent a user type that might use a site, brand, or product in a similar way. Personas represent the similarities of consumer groups or segments. They are based on demographic and behavioural personal information collected from users, qualitative interviews, and participant observation. Personas are one of the outcomes of market segmentation, where marketers use the results of statistical analysis and qualitative observations to draw profiles, giving them names and personalities to paint a picture of a person that could exist in real life. The term persona is used widely in online and technology applications as well as in advertising, where other terms such as pen portraits may also be used.
Personas are useful in considering the goals, desires, and limitations of brand buyers and users in order to help to guide decisions about a service, product or interaction space such as features, interactions, and visual design of a website. Personas may be used as a tool during the user-centered design process for designing software. They can introduce interaction design principles to things like industrial design and online marketing.
A user persona is a representation of the goals and behavior of a hypothesized group of users. In most cases, personas are synthesized from data collected from interviews or surveys with users. They are captured in short page descriptions that include behavioral patterns, goals, skills, attitudes, with a few fictional personal details to make the persona a realistic character. In addition to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), personas are also widely used in sales, advertising, marketing and system design. Personas provide common behaviors, outlooks, and potential objections of people matching a given persona.
History
Within software design, Alan Cooper, a noted pioneer software developer, proposed the concept of a user persona. Beginning in 1983, he started using a prototype of what the persona would become using data from informal interviews with seven to eight users. From 1995, he became engaged with how a specific rather than generalized user would use and interface with the software. The technique was popularized for the online business and technology community in his 1999 book The Inmates are Running the Asylum. In this book, Cooper outlines the general characteristics, uses and best practices for creating personas, recommending that software be designed for single archetypal users.
The concept of understanding customer segments as communities with coherent identity was developed in 1993-4 by Angus Jenkinson and internationally adopted by OgilvyOne with clients using the name CustomerPrints as "day-in-the-life archetype descriptions". Creating imaginal or fictional characters to represent these customer segments or communities followed. Jenkinson's approach was to describe an imaginal character in their real interface, behavior and attitudes with the brand, and the idea was initially realized with Michael Jacobs in a series of studies. In 1997 the Ogilvy global knowledge management system, Truffles, described the concept as follows: "Each strong brand has a tribe of people who share affinity with the brand’s values. This universe typically divides into a number of different communities within which there are the same or very similar buying behaviours, and whose personality and characteristics towards the brand (product or service) can be understood in terms of common values, attitudes and assumptions. CustomerPrints are descriptions that capture the living essence of these distinct groups of customers."
Benefits and features
According to Pruitt and Adlin, the use of personas offers several benefits in product development. Personas are said to be cognitively compelling because they put a personal human face on otherwise abstract data about customers. By thinking about the needs of a fictional persona, designers may be better able to infer what a real person might need. Such inference may assist with brainstorming, use case specification, and features definition. Pruitt and Adlin argue personas are easy to communicate to engineering teams and thus allow engineers, developers, and others to absorb customer data in a palatable format. They present several examples of personas used for purposes of communication in various development projects.
Personas also help prevent some common design pitfalls. The first is designing for what Cooper calls "The Elastic User", by which he means that while making product decisions different stakeholders may define the 'user' according to their convenience. Defining personas helps the team have a shared understanding of the real users in terms of their goals, capabilities, and contexts. Personas help prevent "self-referential design" when the designer or developer may unconsciously project their own mental models on the product design which may be very different from that of the target user population. Personas also provide a reality check by helping designers keep the focus of the design on cases that are most likely to be encountered for the target users and not on edge cases which usually will not happen for the target population. According to Cooper, edge cases which should naturally be handled properly should not become the design focus.
The persona benefits are summarized as follows:
Help team members share a specific, consistent understanding of various audience groups. Data about the groups can be put in a proper context and can be understood and remembered in coherent stories.
Proposed solutions can be guided by how well they meet the needs of individual user personas. Features can be prioritized based on how well they address the needs of one or more personas.
Provide a human "face" so as to create empathy for the persons represented by the demographics.
Help support better design choices by limiting the focus of user for the designers.
Helps understands what motivates audience to learn more about products/service.
While features will vary based on project needs, all personas will capture the essence of an actual potential user.
Common features include:
Fake name and profile picture
Basic demographics (age, race, gender, education, marital status, preferred language, etc.)
Biography containing personal interests, professional goals, and any other relevant information designers should know
A summarizing quote
Technology use
Disabilities, accessibility needs, or challenges
Opinions and beliefs
Criticism
Criticism of personas falls into three general categories: analysis of the underlying logic, concerns about practical implementation, and empirical results.
In terms of scientific logic, it has been argued that because personas are fictional, they have no clear relationship to real customer data and therefore cannot be considered scientific. Chapman and Milham described the purported flaws in considering personas as a scientific research method. They argued that there is no procedure to work reliably from given data to specific personas, and thus such a process is not subject to the scientific method of reproducible research.
Other critics argue that personas can be reductive or stereotypic, leading to a false sense of confidence in an organization's knowledge about its users. Critics like Steve Portigal argue that personas' "appeal comes from the seduction of a sanitized form of reality," where customer data is continuously reduced and abstracted until it is nothing more than a stereotype. Critics claim that persona creation puts the onus on designers, marketers, and user researchers to capture multiple peoples' opinions and views into predefined segments, which could introduce personal bias into the interpretation.
Additionally, personas often feature gendered and racial depictions, which some argue is unnecessary and distracts the target audience of the personas from true consumer behaviors and only enhances biased viewpoints. Finally, it is worth acknowledging that proto-personas and personas are often generalized as the same resource, however, proto-personas are a generative tool used to identify a team's assumptions about their target users. Personas, on the other hand, should be rooted in customer data and research, and be used as a way to coalesce insights about particular segments.
Scientific research
In empirical results, the research to date has offered soft metrics for the success of personas, such as anecdotal feedback from stakeholders. Rönkkö has described how team politics and other organizational issues led to limitations of the personas method in one set of projects. Chapman, Love, Milham, Elrif, and Alford have demonstrated with survey data that descriptions with more than a few attributes (e.g., such as a persona) are likely to describe very few if any real people. They argued that personas cannot be assumed to be descriptive of actual customers.
A study conducted by Long claimed support for Cooper, Pruitt et al. in the use of personas. In a partially controlled study, a group of students were asked to solve a design brief; two groups used personas while one group did not. The students who used personas were awarded higher course evaluations than the group who did not. Students who used personas were assessed as having produced designs with better usability attributes than students who did not use personas. The study also suggests that using personas may improve communication between design teams and facilitate user-focused design discussion. The study had several limitations: outcomes were assessed by a professor and students who were not blind to the hypothesis, students were assigned to groups in a non-random fashion, the findings were not replicated, and other contributing factors or expectation effects (e.g., the Hawthorne effect or Pygmalion effect) were not controlled for.
Data-driven personas
Data-driven personas (sometimes also called quantitative personas) have been suggested by McGinn and Kotamraju. These personas are claimed to address the shortcomings of qualitative persona generation (see Criticism). Academic scholars have proposed several methods for data-driven persona development, such as clustering, factor analysis, principal component analysis, latent semantic analysis, and non-negative matrix factorization. These methods generally take numerical input data, reduce its dimensionality, and output higher level abstractions (e.g., clusters, components, factors) that describe the patterns in the data. These patterns are typically interpreted as "skeletal" personas, and enriched with personified information (e.g., name, portrait picture). Quantitative personas can also be enriched with qualitative insights to generate mixed method personas (also called hybrid personas).
See also
Behavioral targeting
Dave and Sue
Digital identity
Online identity
Online identity management
Personalization
Personalized marketing
Personal information
Personal identity
Scenario (computing)
Social profiling
Use case
User profile
References
Bibliography
Humphrey, A (2017), Persona Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp 13–20.
Human–computer interaction
Usability
Technical communication
Market segmentation
Marketing
Identity management | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona%20%28user%20experience%29 |
"How to Be Dead" is the fourth (fifth if the re-issue of "Spitting Games" is counted) and final single by Snow Patrol from their album Final Straw. It was released in 2004, slightly remixed by Chris Lord-Alge from the album version, and reached number 39 in the United Kingdom and number 42 in Ireland.
The song is a downtempo rock ballad, with lyrics detailing a conversation between a couple.
Reception
Yahoo! Music's Jairne Gill reviewed the single positively, giving it 7 stars out of 10. Though he felt Snow Patrol usually made "ugly empty anthems", the single was a "rather lovely little song" and "modest" and "chimingly melodic". Gill praised the lyrics of the song, calling it "a pretty little knife which Gary Lightbody seems to be twisting into his own chest, a list of druggy regrets and lost loves" and also said that, though the song's "gentle, skipping rhythm threatens to go BIG", it doesn't and "a pretty and intimate song is preserved".
Track listings
CD
"How to Be Dead" (Chris Lord-Alge Mix) – 3:23
"You Are My Joy" (Live at Somerset House) – 3:20
"Chocolate" (Grand National Mix) – 4:58
Germany 3" CD
"How to Be Dead" (Chris Lord-Alge Mix) – 3:23
"You Are My Joy" (Live at Somerset House) – 3:20
7"
"How to Be Dead" (Chris Lord-Alge Mix) – 3:23
"You Are My Joy" (Live at Somerset House) – 3:20
Promo CD
"How to Be Dead" (Chris Lord-Alge Edited Mix) – 3:12
Charts
In popular culture
"How to Be Dead" was featured on the soundtracks to American Pie: Band Camp and Wicker Park.
References
External links
2000s ballads
2003 singles
Rock ballads
Snow Patrol songs
Song recordings produced by Jacknife Lee
Songs written by Gary Lightbody
Songs written by Nathan Connolly
Songs written by Jonny Quinn
Songs written by Mark McClelland
2003 songs
Fiction Records singles
Interscope Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20to%20Be%20Dead |
Seafield is a small village in West Lothian, Scotland. Seafield lies east of Blackburn, southeast of Bathgate () and 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Livingston.
The village lies between the River Almond to the south and the M8 motorway to the north.
Seafield has many good community amenities such as a primary school, community centre, shop, hotel, bowling club and annual Gala day.
Notably, Seafield is the birthplace of the now-defunct Seafield & District Pipe Band, which for many years focused on teaching children and teenagers to play the pipes and drums. The band is associated with successful solo bagpiper Chris Armstrong, who served as a piping tutor for the band and then as its Pipe Major in 1998; Armstrong's 1997 debut album, Notes In Ma Heid, features a track called Saney MacKenzie, named after and in tribute to the band's founder, snare drummer Alexander Mackenzie (who was affectionately known as "Sanny" to friends).
Situated just outside Seafield is Blackburn House. This is an A-listed building built in 1772 by George Moncrieff.
Seafield grew principally to provide housing for coal and oil-shale mine workers, with three poorer-quality rows north of the road demolished but two later, well-built terraces of miners' rows on the south side now restored in the centre of the village. The oil-shale works north of the village were cleared by the 1960s, leaving a large oil-shale bing (tip). The County Council then used the works site and the adjacent peat moss as its main domestic refuse tip until the 1980s. This generated serious water pollution problems, aggravated by outflow being east towards the New Town of Livingston. One of the last large-scale Scottish Enterprise-led land reclamation schemes, in the 1990s, utilised the spent shale (which is inert, having been retorted at high temperature) to blind over the tip, with full pollution control measures.
Seafield Bing itself was remodelled to a design brief by West Lothian Planners, to resemble the natural basalt sills and lava flow landscapes of the Bathgate Hills and Fife, with a serrated crestline, and a proper summit now estimated at 198m asl in height, and renamed with approval of the Community Council "Seafield Law", appearing thus on latest Ordnance Survey maps. The wooded setting is a popular local recreational area.
References
External links
Museum of the Scottish shale oil industry - Seafield Rows
Villages in West Lothian
Mining communities in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafield%2C%20West%20Lothian |
William Edward Gregory-Leeson (born 13 October 1943) is an English filmmaker who was one of the founders of the charity War Child, which particularly focuses on help for children in war situations.
In 1993, Leeson and David Wilson produced a documentary film featuring child victims of the war in former Yugoslavia. What they saw so deeply shocked them that they established War Child, which today is a network of independent non-governmental organisations (NGOs) operating across the world to help children affected by war.
In early 1999, Leeson stepped down as CEO as a result of accepting a bribe from the contractors of a musical therapy centre in Sarajevo. Leeson and the current War Child management and board enjoy a good relationship, with Leeson invited to advise War Child and attend its 15th-anniversary celebrations for the Help CD in 2010.
Today Leeson is one of the founders and directors of GardenAfrica, a charitable organization set up in 2002 to support African families through a range of garden-related initiatives. The project seeks to transform derelict land adjacent to schools, hospitals, and clinics in African communities to help provide food security, health and nutrition, education and training, and sustainable livelihoods.
References
External links
GardenAfrica
Do-Gooders Need Not Apply — Bill Leeson, the outspoken co-founder of one of Great Britain's most high-profile charities, believes that you can do good works without being a do-gooder: "I am a deal maker. I make deals to get my story out."
Man of the Year 2000 Award — The MAN OF THE YEAR AWARD is presented to men who through their extraordinary achievements have contributed to a better world. The film-makers Bill Leeson and David Wilson have, with War Child, created a platform to aid the most innocent victims of war.
Launch party for UK charity GardenAfrica — The original Pleasure Gardens at Highgate's Lauderdale House was brought to life as a launch party for UK charity GardenAfrica.
BBC report on corruption scandal
Guardian report on corruption scandal
War Child response to Guardian report on corruption scandal
1943 births
Living people
English documentary filmmakers
English humanitarians
People from Salford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Leeson |
Misguided is Argyle Park's only album under that name. The album was released on March 21, 1995, by R.E.X. Records into the Christian rock market, and sits alongside other early 90s work by Circle of Dust and Mortal as being instrumental in introducing industrial music to the Christian music scene. The album was nominated for Best Metal/Hard Rock Album at the 27th Annual GMA Dove Awards in 1996.
Misguided is a diverse album that combines elements such as techno, metal guitar, ragtime piano, horns, samples, and dark vocals. Members cited influences such as Portishead and jazz being responsible for the experimentation on the album. It also features a wide variety of guest appearances by other alternative Christian bands and mainstream industrial bands of the mid 90s. The lyrics generally center around themes of betrayal, bitterness, and emotional pain, with band members and associates at various times hinting that the album was acting as catharsis for a child abuse situation at the church they all attended while growing up. The resultant thematic darkness of the album caused its reception to be mixed, with many Christian listeners protesting the lack of positive content, even going so far as to call it "anti-Christian". R.E.X. themselves attempted to censor the band before the album's release, deeming the outro verse of the song "Doomsayer" as being too controversial and cutting it from the song. The band, however, inserted the cut snippet onto the end of the album master tape before R.E.X. noticed and the outro now appears as a hidden track at the very end of the CD. The controversy and backlash caused the band members to shut Argyle Park down two years after conception.
Tommy Victor of Prong wrote the main riff for the song "Doomsayer", and later used this same riff in the Prong song "Controller". Originally released on R.E.X. Records, the album was re-issued as a limited run in 2005 by Retroactive Records with bonus tracks, additional booklet information, and enhanced ROM material on the disc.
Track listing
Note: Following track 18, there are 3 hidden tracks and 13 silent tracks. The final hidden track, Track 34, is a spoken word piece intended as the true ending to the song "Doomsayer".
Vinyl pressing
There were only four pressings of the album on vinyl (technically acetates), all of which were given to members of the band. One of these acetates was eventually purchased by a fan, who confirmed on the (now-defunct) FiXT Forums that the vinyl edition of the album contains a bonus track, named "Babylon", which is not on the CD version of Misguided. This same song ended up being included on Klay Scott's 1998 Circle of Dust album Disengage, and presumably would have been one of the songs included on Buka's Backwoods Records compilation.
Release history
Contributors
Most of the contributors to Misguided appeared under aliases or alternate spellings of their commonly known names. Their real identities, if known, are listed here.
Main members
Buka: alias of Chris Martello, at the time a producer at MTV Sports.
Deathwish and Dred: aliases of Klayton, who also produced the album using the name Celldweller
Guest appearances
Jim Thirlwell of Foetus, Wiseblood, Steroid Maximus, and Manorexia - narration on "Refuge"
Klank: Daren Diolosa of Circle of Dust, Klank, and Left Out - vocals on "Headscrew"
Gyro: Jyro Xhan of Mortal and Fold Zandura - vocals and shouts on "Agony"
Tedd Cookerly, of Every Day Life - shouts on "Agony"
Lauren Boquette of Drown - vocals on "Leave Me Alone"
Marco Forcone of Drown - extra percussion on "Leave Me Alone"
Tommy Victor of Prong, Teenage Time Killers, Ministry, Danzig, and Tapeworm - vocals on "Skin Shed", guitar and bass on "Doomsayer"
King Salomon: Mark Salomon of Stavesacre, The Crucified, Neon Horse, White Lighter - vocals on "Headscrew", "Doomsayer" and "Fanny Pack"
Dirk Lemmenes of Focused and Stavesacre - shouts on "Agony", vocals on "Gutterboy (I Am I Am)"
Jeff Bellew of CHATTERBoX, Stavesacre, and The Crucified - shouts on "Agony", vocals on "Gutterboy"
Evol Eye Jeni: Jeni of Sill - vocals on "Violent"
Keith Corp - horns on "Futile"
Christy Sweet - vocals on "Headscrew" and "Circle"
Alabama King Fish: Chris Donahue of Circle of Dust and Vigilantes of Love - bass on "Agony", piano on "Leave Me Alone"
Og: John Lopez of Circle of Dust - performer and writer of "Og"
Blue Stahli - performer on "Fanny Pack" (2016 remaster)
Recording personnel
Celldweller - Producer, audio engineer, mixing engineer
Vin Syrek - Mixing engineer, digital editing
Bob Moon - Engineering
Duncan Standbury - Mastering
Jeff - Album artwork
References
Argyle Park albums
1995 debut albums
R.E.X. Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misguided |
The Lowy Institute is an independent think tank founded in April 2003 by Frank Lowy to conduct original, policy-relevant research regarding international political, strategic and economic issues from an Australian perspective. It is based in Sydney, Australia.
The institute has been described as "neoliberal", "centre-right" leaning and "reactionary". It states that its research and analysis aim to be non-partisan, and its programme of conferences, seminars and other events are designed to inform and deepen the debate about international policy in Australia and to help shape the broader international discussion of these issues.
History and activity
Founding
Based in Sydney, the Lowy Institute was founded in 2003 by Slovakian-born, Australian-Israeli billionaire businessman Sir Frank Lowy. Lowy, a veteran of the 1947–1949 Palestine war, and close associate of two former Israeli prime ministers, emigrated to Australia and founded Westfield Corporation, a global shopping centre company; he retains a key role in various shopping centres in Australia and New Zealand.
Funding
The institute receives funds from the Australian government through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Department of Defence, and the Department of Home Affairs. Companies which provide funding include BHP, Capital Group, Rio Tinto, and Rothschild & Co.
In 2003, Lowy endowed the institute with a donation sufficient to fund the first eight years of its operation. His family continues to play a key role in the institute, with at least four "Lowy"-named people on the Board of Directors.
The institute has also been funded by donations from the investment management firm, Manikay Partners; from a global accounting and professional services firm: Ernst & Young; and from a former Australian diplomat and cabinet secretary, Michael Thawley (with his wife Deborah).
The institute registered with the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission, in 2012, as the "Lowy Institute For International Policy", and by 2019 was reporting over $12 million in revenues (including over $2 million from government), and over $9 million in expenses.
Activity
Overview
The institute publishes polls, white papers and rankings on various international affairs subjects—particularly regarding Australia and the Asia-Pacific region—and advocates for a proactive and globally engaged Australian foreign policy. It hosts conferences, seminars and other events. Its annual Lowy Lecture is the institute's "signature event", where a "prominent individual", from Australia or abroad, comments on Australia's global role and on global influences on Australia.
The institute has hosted presentations by every Australian prime minister since 2003, as well as the NATO Secretary General, U.S, Vice-President Joe Biden, United Kingdom prime minister Boris Johnson, and various other Australian and foreign leaders.
The institute commonly meets and interacts with Australian officials, and with visiting international leaders, and is a source of influence on Australian government. The resulting internal and external computer activity, including email traffic, which could be of interest to foreign powers, is credited with attracting information-harvesting cyber attacks on the institute, during and before 2012—comparable to similar attacks against U.S. think tanks. The attacks were generally attributed to China.
Research programs
East Asia
International Security
Pacific Islands
West Asia
International Economy
Diplomacy and Public Opinion
Website
The institute's website offers publications for free download. In 2006 the regular talks began to be recorded and made available on the website.
The Lowy Institute launched a blog The Interpreter in November 2007. According to former Executive Director Allan Gyngell: "it aims to provide you with fresh insights into international events and a new way to engage with the Institute."
Lowy Institute also developed analytical tool Asia Power Index. This tool allows changes in the global distribution of power. Countries can be compared on the basis of which measures eight types of power: military capability, defence networks, economic resources, economic relationships, diplomatic influence, cultural influence, resilience and future resources.
Lowy Poll
The annual Lowy Poll surveys a nationally representative sample of the adult Australian population on foreign policy issues and is the Lowy Institute's flagship publication. It is wholly funded by the Lowy Institute and its results are widely cited in the Australian and international media. The Lowy Institute has also conducted opinion polling in Indonesia, New Zealand and China. The first Lowy Poll was in 2005.
In April 2023, the Lowy Institute poll indicated that one in five Chinese-Australians were called offensive names in 2022, down 10 points from 31% in 2020, highlighting that Chinese-Australians face fewer racist insults than at height of diplomatic tensions with Beijing.
Leadership and staff
Board of directors
The institute's board comprises Australian policy makers and business people.
Frank Lowy AC – Lowy Institute founder and chairman; co-founder, Westfield Group
David Gonski AC – Chairman of Australian and New Zealand Banking Group and Coca-Cola Amatil Limited
Joanna Hewitt AO
Sir Angus Houston AK, AC, AFC
Martin Indyk – Diplomat; former United States ambassador to Israel
David Lowy AM
Peter Lowy – Group managing director of the Westfield Group
Steven Lowy AM – Group managing director of the Westfield Group
Ian Macfarlane – Former Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia
Mark Ryan – Company director
The Hon James Spigelman AC
The Hon Penny Wensley AC
Notable staff
Michael Fullilove, Executive Director
Former staff
Michael Wesley, Executive Director (2009–2012)
Criticism
The format of the 2011 Lowy Institute Poll was considered inadequate for formulating Australian policy compared to studies undertaken by CSIRO, Ipsos-Eureka, Cardiff University, Stanford University, and Yale University.
In 2012, the institute was criticised by Jim Green, national nuclear campaigner of Friends of the Earth Australia, alleging that the institute ran "a disgraceful propaganda campaign" to advocate for Australian uranium sales to India, in contravention of Australia's longstanding policy of refusing to sell uranium to nations who did not join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
References
External links
Lowy Institute
The Interpreter
Think tanks based in Australia
Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in Australia
Organisations based in Sydney
Think tanks established in 2003
2003 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowy%20Institute |
Suspension of Disbelief is the lone release by American supergroup AP2, put out by Tooth & Nail Records in 2000. AP2 was a "sequel" to the band Argyle Park, who released their only album Misguided in 1995. Argyle Park consisted of Buka and Klayton, while AP2 featured primary players Buka and Level, with Klayton producing the record. In the winter of 2000, Tooth & Nail cut AP2 due to the low sales of this album. Since Buka had only wanted AP2 to release albums for Tooth & Nail, AP2 ended as a band after Tooth & Nail dropped them.
Suspension of Disbelief is every bit as experimental as its precursor, including elements of gabber techno, dance-pop, drum and bass, ambient techno, R&B, punk rock, and metal. The opening track, "The End", contains vocal samples from two of the old Argyle Park songs, giving the album some sense of closure to that era of the band before diving headlong into the new material.
Track listing
"The End" (Level, Buka) – 4:40
samples: "Leave Me Alone" and "A Burden's Folly" by Argyle Park
"Heroin Hate" (Level, Buka) – 5:32
"My Sympathies" (Klayton, Mark Salomon, Buka, Level) – 5:26
guest vocals: Mark Salomon, Klayton
"A Thousand Terrible Things" (Level, Buka) – 2:26
"Silhouette of Rage" (Level, Buka) – 3:58
guest vocals: Daren "Klank" Diolosa
"A New Wound" (Level) – 5:54
"The Red Shirt Conspiracy" (Level, Buka, Joel Timothy Bell) – 2:36
guest vocals: Joel Timothy Bell
"The Pact" (Level, Buka) – 5:05
vocals: Sage
"Resurrection of the Ravens" (Klayton, Level) – 4:14
guest vocals: Klayton
"Goodbye" (Level) – 4:46
"The Only Man I Know" (Level) – 4:22
drums: J.M. Zaletel
"Cold Breath of Sorrow" (Level, Buka) – 1:32
Guest appearances
Klayton – producer of album and writer of songs "My Sympathies" and "Resurrection of the Ravens"
Daren "Klank" Diolosa of Klank, Circle of Dust, and Left Out
Mark Salomon of Stavesacre and The Crucified
Joel Timothy Bell of Ghoti Hook
Sage
J.M. Zaletel of Klank
References
Argyle Park albums
2000 albums
Tooth & Nail Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension%20of%20Disbelief%20%28album%29 |
PCC Rail Tabor S.A. is a Polish rail company operating as a dependent company of PCC Rail. PCC Rail Tabor is responsible for repairs and maintenance of locomotives, mainly ET21, ET22, SM48, SM42, SM30, ST43 and ST44. Railway services:
- overhauls and periodic repairs of diesel locomotives,
- refurbishment of diesel locomotives, including rebuilding of power generators,
- periodic, regular and emergency repair of goods wagons,
- construction of coal wagons and container platforms,
- repairs to machinery and equipment for track repairs.
See also
Transportation in Poland
List of railway companies
Polish locomotives designation
Resource
Companies official website, URL accessed at 30 December 2008
Railway companies of Poland
PCC Rail companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCC%20Rail%20Tabor |
Klara (Swedish: Klarakvarteren or the Klara quarters) is a part of lower Norrmalm in the central part of Stockholm. It has its name from Klara Church. Today the name, though not often used in daily speech, has become synonymous with the old city that once occupied lower Norrmalm.
"The Klara Bohemians"
In the 1800s and early 1900s, the Klara area was characterized by old, cheap housing and many small shops and workshops. It was known for being home to several Swedish newspapers, bars, and cheap hotels, and was consequently also an area frequented by writers, journalists, and poets.
"The Klara Bohemians" was a name given to an amorphous group of writers and poets in the 1930s and 1940s, who lived in the area or lingered at its bars and cafés, hoping to sell articles or poems to newspaper editors. The most well-known of the Klara Bohemians, poet Nils Ferlin, is today depicted in statue form close to the church, lighting a cigarette.
Renewal of Klara
During the 1950s and 1960s Klara went through an extensive urban renewal project. The area's old, small-scale, irregular, and often run-down homes and shops were torn down and replaced by major roads and large, modern office blocs. The Klara demolitions have subsequently come to be viewed as a particularly notorious example of the large-scale urban redevelopment projects that erased many pre-modern city centers in mid-century Sweden.
Notable buildings in Klara
Arvfurstens palats
Sagerska Palatset
Klara kyrka
Kulturhuset
Sergels torg
See also
History of Stockholm
References
Geography of Stockholm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klara%20%28Stockholm%29 |
The Parable of the Hidden Treasure is a well known parable of Jesus, which appears in Matthew 13:44, and illustrates the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven. It immediately precedes the parable of the Pearl, which has a similar theme. The parable has been depicted by artists such as Rembrandt.
Narrative
The brief parable of the hidden treasure is as follows:
The setting here presupposes that someone has buried a treasure and later died. The current owner of the field is unaware of its existence. The finder, perhaps a farm labourer, is entitled to it, but is unable to conveniently extract it unless he buys the field. For a peasant, such a discovery of treasure represented the "ultimate dream."
Interpretation
This parable is interpreted as illustrating the great value of the Kingdom of Heaven, and thus has a similar theme to the parable of the pearl. John Nolland comments that the good fortune reflected in the "finding" reflects a "special privilege," and a source of joy, but also reflects a challenge, just as the man in the parable gives up all that he has, in order to lay claim to the greater treasure he has found.
John Calvin writes of this parable:
The hidden nature of the treasure may indicate that the Kingdom of Heaven "is not yet revealed to everyone."
However, other interpretations of the parable exist, in which the treasure represents Israel or the Church.
In St. Thomas Aquinas' Catena Aurea, he compiles the comments of some of the Church Fathers on this passage, who point out that like the treasure hidden in the field, the Gospel comes without cost, and is open to all – but to truly possess heavenly riches, one must be willing to give up the world to buy it. The Fathers also identify that the field in which the treasure is hidden is the discipline of Heavenly learning:
The New Testament scholar Adolf Jülicher offers a deceptively simple explanation of the parable. He identifies three parts to parables or similitudes (extended similes or metaphors): the picture part (), the reality part (), and the point of comparison (tertium comparationis). In this instance, the picture part is the hidden treasure, the reality part is God's kingdom, and the point of comparison is the inestimable value of the kingdom.
In light of previous parables in Matthew where God or Jesus acts on behalf of his church, Lutheran theologian David P. Scaer understands the treasure in the field to be humanity, and the one purchasing the field to be Christ. Thus, as the man in the parable sells all that he has to buy the field, so Christ gives up his life in order to redeem humanity.
Commentary from the Church Fathers
Chrysostom: "The foregoing parables of the leaven, and the grain of mustard-seed, are referred to the power of the Gospel preaching, which has subdued the whole world; in order to show its value and splendour, He now puts forth parables concerning a pearl and a treasure, saying, The kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field. For the Gospel preaching is hidden in this world; and if you do not sell your all you will not purchase it; and this you ought to do with joy; wherefore it follows, which when a man hath found, he hideth it."
Hilary of Poitiers: "This treasure is indeed found without cost; for the Gospel preaching is open to all, but to use and possess the treasure with its field we may not without price, for heavenly riches are not obtained without the loss of this world."
Jerome: "That he hides it, does not proceed of envy towards others, but as one that treasures up what he would not lose, he hides in his heart that which he prizes above his former possessions."
Gregory the Great: " Otherwise; The treasure hidden in the field is the desire of heaven; the field in which the treasure is hidden is the discipline of heavenly learning; this, when a man finds, he hides, in order that he may preserve it; for zeal and affections heavenward it is not enough that we protect from evil spirits, if we do not protect from human praises. For in this present life we are in the way which leads to our country, and evil spirits as robbers beset us in our journey. Those therefore who carry their treasure openly, they seek to plunder in the way. When I say this, I do not mean that our neighbours should not see our works, but that in what we do, we should not seek praise from without. The kingdom of heaven is therefore compared to things of earth, that the mind may rise from things familiar to things unknown, and may learn to love the unknown by that which it knows is loved when known. It follows, And for joy thereof he goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field. He it is that sells all he has and buys the field, who, renouncing fleshly delights, tramples upon all his worldly desires in his anxiety for the heavenly discipline."
Jerome: "Or, That treasure in which are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge (Col. 2:3.), is either God the Word, who seems hid in Christ’s flesh, or the Holy Scriptures, in which are laid up the knowledge of the Saviour."
Augustine: " Or, He speaks of the two testaments in the Church, which, when any has attained to a partial understanding of, he perceives how great things lie hid there, and goes and sells all that he has, and buys that; that is, by despising temporal things he purchases to himself peace, that he may be rich in the knowledge of God."
Gospel of Thomas
A similar parable also appears in the Gospel of Thomas (Saying 109):
This work's version of the parable of the Pearl appears earlier (Saying 76), rather than immediately following, as in Matthew. However, the mention of a treasure in Saying 76 may reflect a source for the Gospel of Thomas in which the parables were adjacent, so that the original pair of parables has been "broken apart, placed in separate contexts, and expanded in a manner characteristic of folklore." The multiple changes of ownership of the field are unique to the Gospel of Thomas, and reflect a different theme from the New Testament parable.
Depictions
There have been several depictions of the New Testament parable in art, including works by Rembrandt, Jan Luyken, James Tissot, and John Everett Millais.
See also
Five Discourses of Matthew
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Ministry of Jesus
References
Hidden Treasure, Parable of the
Gospel of Matthew
Treasures in religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable%20of%20the%20Hidden%20Treasure |
Chono Ca Pe was a Native American chief of the Otoe tribe. He was a member of the O'Fallon delegation of 1821.
References
Native American leaders
Otoe people
19th-century Native Americans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chono%20Ca%20Pe |
Osric was king of Northumbria from the death of Coenred in 718 until his death on 9 May 729. Symeon of Durham calls him a son of Aldfrith of Northumbria, which would make him a brother, or perhaps a half-brother, of Osred. Alternatively, he may have been a son of King Eahlfrith of Deira, and thus a first cousin of Osred.
Bede reports little of Osric's reign, but records that comets were seen at his death, a sign of ill omen. William of Malmesbury praises Osric for his decision to adopt Ceolwulf, brother of Coenred, as his heir.
Further reading
Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350-1100. Stroud: Sutton, 1993.
Marsden, J., Northanhymbre Saga: The History of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of Northumbria. London: Cathie, 1992.
External links
729 deaths
Northumbrian monarchs
8th-century English monarchs
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osric%20of%20Northumbria |
The 2006 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election began on 2 March 2006, when the sitting Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats, Sir Menzies Campbell, was elected leader of the party. Campbell had been deputy leader since February 2003.
The post was elected by and from the party's 63 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, who voted on 29 March 2006. Vince Cable was elected as deputy leader in the second round. There were three candidates: Vince Cable, David Heath and Matthew Taylor. Three further MPs, Susan Kramer, Phil Willis and Ed Davey, canvassed support from colleagues but did not enter nominations.
Result
David Heath was eliminated after the first round, and his second preferences were redistributed.
See also
2003 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election
References
Liberal Democrat deputy leadership election
Deputy Leadership election 2006
Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Liberal%20Democrats%20deputy%20leadership%20election |
Route 53 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Connecticut, connecting the cities of Norwalk and Danbury. Most of the route has been made redundant by U.S. Route 7, except for the last section from Bethel to Danbury, which is part of a direct route (Route 58) from the Bridgeport area to Danbury.
Route description
Route 53 begins at US 1 in Norwalk and travels through the towns of Norwalk, Wilton, Weston, Redding, and Bethel. Route 53 ends in Downtown Danbury at a quadruple junction with Routes 37, 39, and a secondary state road leading to Interstate 84.
A section in Redding, running from the Weston town line to the beginning of a brief concurrency with Route 107, is a designated state scenic road.
History
The main road connecting the city of Norwalk to the borough of Newtown was organized as a private turnpike in May 1829. Known as the Norwalk and Newtown Turnpike, or more commonly as just the Newtown Turnpike, the road mostly used modern Route 53 from Norwalk to the Saugatuck Reservoir in Redding. Northeast of the reservoir, the old Newtown Turnpike continued the straight route using what are now town roads (Newtown Turnpike, Hopewell Woods Road, Poverty Hollow Road, and Key Rock Road) to Route 302 in the Dodgingtown section of Newtown, then Route 302 into Newtown borough. The portion of modern Route 53 between the West Redding section of Redding and Bethel center was the northern half of the Norwalk and Danbury Turnpike. This turnpike was chartered in 1795 and used part of modern US 7, modern Route 107, and Umpawaug Road to West Redding, then continued on modern Route 53. Between Redding Center and West Redding, modern Route 53 was the northern half of the Northfield Turnpike, which was chartered in 1826. The southern half is now Valley Forge Road and Lyons Plains Road.
In 1922, part of the Norwalk and Danbury Turnpike between West Redding and Bethel was given the designation State Highway 180 while part of the Newtown Turnpike between Redding Ridge and Newtown was assigned as State Highway 158. Route 53 was first defined in the 1932 state highway renumbering between Weston center to Georgetown along Georgetown Road (modern Route 57), then along Redding Road (Routes 107 and 53) to West Redding, then along former Highway 180 to Bethel. In 1954, the southern end was relocated and now ended at US 7 in Wilton. Route 57 took over the former Georgetown Road segment and the Newtown Turnpike became unsigned SR 725. In 1963, the southern part was relocated onto the Newtown Turnpike (former SR 725) to Weston Center, then shifted to the alignment of former Route 103 (Chestnut Hill Road/East Avenue) via Cedar Road/Norfield Road (former SR 741). In 1973, Route 53 took over former US 202 to Downtown Danbury when US 202 was relocated to a new alignment.
Major intersections
References
External links
053
Transportation in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Danbury, Connecticut
U.S. Route 202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Route%2053 |
blackAcetate is a 2005 solo studio album by John Cale, his second and last album for EMI.
"Perfect" was released as a single in the UK two weeks after the album, and was subsequently included in The Sunday Times' list of the top 20 pop songs of the year.
Track listing
All tracks composed by John Cale
Personnel
John Cale − vocals, guitars, keyboards
Herb Graham Jr. − drums, programming, percussion
David Levita − guitars
Natalie Porter − background vocals
Musiic Galloway − background vocals
Jaspr Baj − background vocals
Mark Deffenbaugh − guitars, banjo
John Crozova − cello
Dustin Boyer − guitar, backing vocals
Joe Karnes − bass
Michael Jerome − drums, backing vocals
Charlie Campagna - atmospheres
Technical
Nita Scott - executive producer
Herb Graham Jr. - co-producer (tracks 1-8, 10-13)
Mickey Petralia - mixing engineer
Scott Gutierrez - assistant mixing engineer
Rick Myers - artwork, design (uncredited)
References
External links
John Cale albums
2005 albums
Albums produced by John Cale
EMI Records albums
Albums produced by Mickey Petralia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackAcetate |
Hellerup IK or HIK is a Danish sport club from Hellerup. Their football team currently plays in the Danish 2nd Division.
HIK consists also of a handball and a tennis section.
Current squad
Youth players in use 2023/24
Achievements
4 seasons in the Highest Danish League
25 seasons in the Second Highest Danish League
39 seasons in the Third Highest Danish League
References
External links
Hellerup IK
Football clubs in Denmark
Football clubs in Copenhagen
Association football clubs established in 1900
1900 establishments in Denmark
Sport in Gentofte Municipality | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellerup%20IK |
I Stand Alone may refer to:
I Stand Alone (Agnetha Fältskog album), a 1987 album by Agnetha Fältskog
“I Stand Alone”, by Steve Perry from the movie Quest for Camelot and the album Greatest Hits + Five Unreleased
I Stand Alone (Al Kooper album), a 1968 album by Al Kooper
I Stand Alone (Ramblin' Jack Elliott album), a 2006 album by Ramblin' Jack Elliott
"I Stand Alone" (Godsmack song), the title of a song by Godsmack
"I Stand Alone" (Takako Matsu song), the title of a song by Takako Matsu
"I Stand Alone", a song by Jackyl from the album Jackyl
I Stand Alone (film), the English title of Seul contre tous, a French film directed by Gaspar Noé
See also
"Alone I Stand", a song by Killswitch Engage from Incarnate, 2016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Stand%20Alone |
Muratori may be:
People
Domenico Maria Muratori (1662–1744), Italian painter
Jack Muratori (1929-2001), Republican Party lawmaker from Queens, New York
Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750), Italian historian
Michele Muratori (born 1983), Sammarinese politician
Raimondo Muratori (1841-1885), Italian painter, known for portraits and depicting religious subjects
Saverio Muratori (1910-1973), Italian architect and urban theorist
Teresa Scannabecchi (née Teresa Muratori, 1662–1708), Baroque painter, daughter of Domenico Maria Muratori
Vincent Muratori (born 1987), French footballer
Other
Murători, a tributary of the river Becaș in Romania
Muratorian fragment, part of a copy of perhaps the oldest known list of the books of the New Testament
Italian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muratori |
Sally Alina Ingeborg Salminen (25 April 1906 – 18 July 1976), from 1940 Salminen-Dührkop, was an internationally renowned author from Vargata, the Åland Islands, Finland. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.
Biography
Born in Vårdö, Åland, Sally Salminen was the eighth child of twelve. Already as a child she entertained notions of becoming an author, but she considered herself to be too poor and unknowledgeable to succeed as a writer. After her confirmation, she worked in the village grocery store, until she moved to Stockholm, Sweden to work as a maid. During her tenure in Sweden she took correspondent courses and read books in her spare time.
In 1930 Sally and her sister Aili moved to New York City, United States. While in New York, she wrote during her spare time, and it was here she started writing the manuscript for her first (and most famous) novel, Katrina. Finland-Swedish publisher Holger Schildts Förlag announced in 1936 a writing contest, for which Salminen submitted her manuscript. Her submission won, and Katrina was published the same year. The novel depicts the life of an Ostrobothnian woman, Katrina, who moves to Åland following her marriage. Katrina became an international success, eventually being translated into more than twenty languages.
Sally Salminen married Danish painter Johannes Dürhkop in 1940, and relocated to Denmark. Salminen remained a prolific writer, but she was never able to replicate the success of her debut novel, Katrina. Besides Katrina, Prins Efflam (1953) and Vid Havet (1963) are considered her most notable works.
Family
Several of Salminen's siblings were notable authors in their own right. Her sister Aili Nordgren (née Salminen) (1908–1995) wrote several books. Her younger brother Runar Salminen (1912–1988) released several anthologies of poetry, and elder brother Uno Salminen (1905–1991) wrote a trilogy of books about the fictional character Erik Sundblom.
Additionally, Aili Nordgren's son Ralf Nordgren (born 1936) and Uno Salminen's daughter Christina Remmer (born 1941) have authored several books. Another notable author born on Åland, Johannes Salminen, is however not related to Sally Salminen.
Bibliography
Novels
Katrina (1936)
Den långa våren (1939)
På lös sand (1941)
Lars Laurila (1943)
Nya land (1945)
Barndomens land (1948)
Små världar (1949)
Klyftan och stjärnan (1951)
Prins Efflam (1953)
Spår på jorden (1961)
Vid havet (1963)
Factual
Jerusalem (1970)
På färder i Israel (1971)
Autobiographical
Upptäcktsresan (1966)
Min amerikanska saga (1968)
I Danmark (1972)
Världen öppnar sig (1974)
References
External links
Biography of Sally Salminen, Library of Mariehamn, Åland
Sällskapet Salminens Vänner r.f., now defunct organisation
Salminen, Sally at Uppslagsverket Finland
Salminen, Sally at Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
Short biographies of Ralf Nordgren, Aili Nordgren, Runar Salminen and Sally Salminen
1906 births
1976 deaths
People from Vårdö
People from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Writers from Åland
Finnish writers in Swedish
Finnish women novelists
Maids
Swedish women novelists
20th-century Finnish women writers
20th-century Finnish novelists
Finnish emigrants to Sweden
Finnish emigrants to Denmark
20th-century Swedish women writers
20th-century Swedish novelists
Burials at Holmen Cemetery
Swedish domestic workers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally%20Salminen |
Henry Ford II High School is a public high school located in the Metropolitan Detroit region in the city of Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States. It is a part of Utica Community Schools.
In 2004 Ford was recognized as a Michigan Blue Ribbon Exemplary School.
History
This school is named after Henry Ford II, the executive officer of the Ford Motor Co. He was also a member of the New Detroit, Inc., Detroit Renaissance and a former chairman of the National Alliance of Businessmen. Ground was broken for HFII in 1971. Ford II opened with students in the fall of 1973. Ford II's inaugural graduating class of 1975 attended Eisenhower High School (Michigan) before coming to Ford II. The original design of the school had an open concept. The school had few windows and no walls in the individual wings. This open concept failed, as multiple classes could be heard at the same time. The building was quickly segmented into its current classroom structure. Today, the surrounding area is largely suburban (a part of Metro Detroit) and has subdivisions and strip-malls within the school's immediate proximity, most notably Lakeside Mall.
Notable alumni
Brad Jones, NHL hockey player
Randy Farmer, game developer
Craig Krenzel, NFL football player
References
External links
Public high schools in Michigan
Educational institutions established in 1972
Schools in Macomb County, Michigan
1972 establishments in Michigan
Sterling Heights, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Ford%20II%20High%20School |
The Catholic Church in Belize is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Bishops in Belize are members of the Antilles Episcopal Conference.
Approximately 40% of the population of Belize is Catholic. The country comes under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Belize City-Belmopan.
The nunciature to Belize is combined with the nunciature to El Salvador. The current
apostolic nuncio to Belize is Archbishop Luigi Pezzuto.
See also
Religion in Belize
References
Belize | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Belize |
Biancaneve is an Italian erotic comic book, created in 1972 by Renzo Barbieri and Rubino Ventura (pseudonym of Giuseppe Pederiali) and illustrated by Leone Frollo.
The series, published by Edifumetto, was based on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. However, it soon lost most of its connections with the original story. The series chronicles the sexual adventures of the title character in a world of magic and monsters. Biancaneve (Snow White) remains a virgin under attack during the first four issues of the series. After losing her virginity in volume 5, she becomes increasingly addicted to sex.
The comic has lasted for 94 issues, distributed in four series: #1-2, #1-12, #1-12, #1-68. It has also been published in other countries, like France, where it was published as Contes malicieux, by Elvifrance, and Brazil, where it was published as Branquela, by (a subsidiary of Editora Três), and Denmark, where it was published as Snehvide og de 7 frække dværge, by Forlaget Holme (a subsidiary of Interpresse).
Alessandro Biffignandi painted all the covers for the series, claiming it was his favorite title to work on.
The comics inspired two films, La principessa sul pisello (1976), directed by Piero Regnoli and starring Susanna Martinková, and Biancaneve & Co (1982), directed by Mario Bianchi and featuring starlet Michela Miti with Oreste Lionello, Gianfranco D'Angelo and Aldo Sambrell. The latter was also released in English as Snow White and 7 Wise Men.
References
Further reading
Luigi Bernardi (cured by). I quaderni del fumetto italiano. Le Monografie: Biancaneve. Paolo Ferriani Editore, 1986.
Sex and Horror: The Art of Alessandro Biffignandi, Korero Press, 2016.
1972 comics debuts
1986 comics endings
Comics about women
Comics based on fairy tales
Comics set in the Middle Ages
Erotic comics
Fantasy comics
Female characters in comics
Italian comic strips
Italian comics adapted into films
Italian comics characters
Works based on Snow White
Sexual addiction in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biancaneve |
Coenred (sometimes given as Cenred or Kenred) was king of Northumbria from 716 to 718.
Life
He descended from Ida of Bernicia, and was the first of his branch of the family to rule Northumbria.
John of Fordun claims that he murdered his predecessor Osred. Bede merely mentions that Osred was slain; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle places it somewhere "on the southern border". William of Malmesbury calls him "a draught from the same cup" as Osred, which is to say a young man, vigorous, dissolute, cruel and bold.
Ceolwulf claimed descent from Ida of Bernicia. "Ceolwulf was the son of Cutha, Cutha of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Leoldwald, Leoldwald of Egwald, Egwald of Aldhelm, Aldhelm of Ocga, Ocga of Ida, Ida of Eoppa."
The manner of his death is unknown. The Annals of Ulster record the death of the son of Cuidine (Cuthwine), king of the Saxons, in 718, and this almost certainly refers to Coenred. He was succeeded by Osric, brother, or half-brother, of Osred. Coenred's brother Ceolwulf became king after Osric.
References
Further reading
Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350-1100. Stroud: Sutton, 1993.
Marsden, J., Northanhymbre Saga: The History of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of Northumbria. London: Cathie, 1992.
Plummer, Charles, Venerabilis Baedae Opera Historica. Volume 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1896, page 340.
External links
718 deaths
Northumbrian monarchs
8th-century English monarchs
Year of birth unknown
Idings
de:Coenred | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenred%20of%20Northumbria |
Vehicular combat may refer to:
Armored warfare, the use of armored fighting vehicles in combat
Combat vehicle, a military vehicle designed for such combat
Vehicular combat game, a game genre focused around fighting while driving
List of vehicular combat games, a list of such games
Demolition derby, a motorsport revolving around ramming vehicles into one another | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular%20combat |
The Catholic Church in Bhutan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Kingdom of Bhutan falls under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Darjeeling (India).
Origins
In 1627, two Portuguese Jesuits, Fathers Estêvão Cacella and João Cabral, traveling from Cochin and attempting to make a new route to the Jesuit mission in Shigatse, Tibet, visited Bhutan. While in Bhutan, these Jesuits met Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the founder and religious leader of the Bhutanese state, and spent months in his court. The "Zhabdrung strongly encouraged the Jesuits to stay and even allowed them to use a room in Cheri [Monastery] as a chapel, granted them land in Paro to build a church and sent some of his own attendants to join the congregation. With no success in conversion and despite much discouragement from the Zhabdrung against their departure, the Jesuits eventually left for Tibet" At the end of a stay of nearly eight months in the country, Cacella wrote a long letter from Cheri Monastery to his superior in Cochin in the Malabar Coast; it was a report, the Relação, relating the progress of their travels. Their visit is also corroborated in contemporaneous Bhutanese sources, including the biography of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal himself.
20th century
Two religious orders - the Jesuits in 1963 and the Salesians in 1965 - were invited to the country to open schools. The Salesians were expelled in February 1982 on disputed charges of proselytism. The only Catholic missionary allowed to stay in the country - from 1963 until his death in 1995 - was the Canadian-born Bhutanese Jesuit Father William Mackey, who opened several secondary schools and the pre-university Sherubtse College. As his mission was to build up a modern educational system in the country he did not attempt any conversions.
21st century
In the early 2000s, there are thought to be about 1,000 Catholics in the country where Christians of all denominations are subject to discrimination. In 2020, Catholics were estimated to make up 0.18% of the population, or approximately 1,500 people.
The official religion is Buddhism and in the past Catholic missions have been denied entry.
On Palm Sunday, April 8, 2001, Bhutanese police went to churches and registered the names of believers and threatened one pastor with imprisonment after an interrogation. It is illegal for Christians to hold public services. The Constitution of Bhutan protects freedom of religion for Bhutanese citizens, but proselytism is forbidden. Article 7.4 states: "A Bhutanese citizen shall have the right to freedom of thought conscience and religion. No person shall be compelled to belong to another faith by means of coercion or inducement."
The first Bhutanese-born Catholic priest, Rev Kinley Tshering, SJ, was ordained in 1986. He was initially dissuaded by missionaries but after a meeting with Mother Teresa he decided to become a Catholic priest. As a citizen of the country, he travels freely in Bhutan, and celebrates the Christmas Mass under the pretext of his birthday on December 24. He is also thought to be the first convert from Buddhism to the Christian faith in Bhutan. In 2023, he is the only native-born priest.
Bhutan has never had a native Catholic hierarchical jurisdiction, but is covered by the Diocese of Darjeeling.
See also
Religion in Bhutan
Christianity in Bhutan
Catholic Church in India
Catholic Church in Nepal
Catholic Church in Tibet
Catholic Church by country
References
Bhutan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Bhutan |
KQBT (93.7 FM) is an urban contemporary radio station in Houston, Texas. It is owned by iHeartMedia. The station's studios are located along the West Loop Freeway in the city's Uptown district, and the transmitter site is near Missouri City, Texas.
KQBT carries Pride Radio on the HD Radio sub-channel.
History
Early years
KQBT was initially signed on by Joel S., Donald J., and James A. Kaufman on December 13, 1963, at 18,460 watts ERP, from an elevation at 457 feet height above average terrain. The facility received a call set of KBNO. The station featured "popular music of the time and show tunes". The KBNO studios and RCA BTF 5B transmitter were located on the 34th floor of the Gulf Building, and the corner of Main and Rusk Streets in downtown Houston. KBNO received its initial License to Cover on April 7, 1964.
In 1970, the station was noted in the movie Brewster McCloud, which featured a station advertisement on the side of a passing bus.
In the Fall of 1971, the station changed formats to top 40 as KRLY, but took on various format shifts and identities throughout the decade, such as album oriented rock "Y-94", "Disco 94", then "KRLY 94", a top 40/urban hybrid. By mid-1981, the station had rebranded as "Love 94." During its time as “Disco 94,” radio/television personality turned 2018 congressional political candidate Dayna Steele was among its air staffers.
In March 1984, the station switched to adult contemporary as "Lite Rock 93.7" and changed calls to KLTR (adopted on March 20, 1984). The station rebranded to "K-Lite 93.7" in the late 1980s.
The Arrow
On November 25, 1993, at 2 p.m., the station flipped to Classic Hits, branded as "Arrow 93.7", and launched with Bob Seger's "Old Time Rock and Roll". The KKRW call letters were adopted on December 20, 1993.
Over the next decade, the station evolved to straightforward classic rock. In the early 2000s, KKRW was home of the "Dean & Rog" morning show until they left in early 2009 (currently at KGLK/KHPT).
In early 2009, the station began airing (in syndication) former KLOL morning hosts "Walton & Johnson", who host a politically-oriented morning show that leans right. The show was dropped from KKRW in December 2012 (they're now at sister station KPRC). Afternoon personality Steve Fixx filled in with a music-heavy show for several months called the "Morning Classic Rock Fixx" until the arrival of veteran St. Louis personality JC Corcoran with "JC and the Morning Showgram" in March 2013.
KKRW enjoyed ratings success for a number of years, both in Arbitron's diary and Portable People Meter ratings measurement systems. KKRW took an initial ratings hit when Dean and Rog left for KGLK, but rebounded to beat the new challenger for roughly a year and a half because of the addition of longtime Houston-based radio shock jocks Walton & Johnson, who helped make KKRW their flagship station.
The Beat
Ratings remained strong until KGLK, which played a slightly lighter classic rock format (identifying as classic hits), began simulcasting on 106.9 and 107.5 in June 2011. In its last full book with classic rock, KKRW was ranked #17 with a 2.4 share of the market according to Arbitron's Houston market ratings.
On December 31, 2013, at 10 a.m., after playing Thin Lizzy's "The Boys are Back in Town", the station began stunting with music from many genres. At Noon, after playing Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'," KKRW flipped to Urban Contemporary, branded as "93.7 The Beat." The first song on "The Beat" was "Drunk in Love" by Houston native Beyoncé. The move gives Houston a straight-ahead, core-based R&B/Hip-Hop outlet and new competition for KBXX, whose direction focuses on hit-driven R&B/Hip-Hop material, as well as KBXX's sister Urban AC KMJQ, both of which are owned by Radio One, and are usually the two dominant stations in the market. It was the first time in 14 years iHeartMedia (then known as Clear Channel Communications) attempted an urban outlet in Houston, as it once owned KBXX and KMJQ from 1994 to 2000, when both were spun off to Radio One.
On January 15, 2014, KKRW changed call letters to KQBT to match the "Beat" moniker.
HD Radio
On September 7, 2017, KQBT HD2 launched a new urban adult contemporary format as 104.5 Kiss FM, simulcasting on the leased translator 104.5 K283CH (which was previously fed by sister station KTBZ-FM HD2's regional Mexican format). The station primarily competes with KMJQ.
On February 18, 2019, the analog simulcast of Kiss FM ended after iHeartMedia's lease of the translator expired. The station continued to operate on KQBT as Kiss 93.7 HD2. On June 26, 2019, KQBT-HD2 flipped to iHeart's "Pride Radio" format of Top 40/Dance music targeting the LGBTQ community. This marks the second such format to air in Houston, the other being Entercom's "Channel Q" network airing on KKHH-HD2.
References
External links
QBT
Urban contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1963
1963 establishments in Texas
IHeartMedia radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQBT |
Nykøbing FC is a Danish professional association football club based in Nykøbing Falster on Falster. The club competes in Danish 2nd Division, the third tier of the Danish football league system, and plays its home games at the Lollands Bank Park.
History
Mergers (1994–2013)
Nykøbing FC was formed on 1 July 2013 by a merger of regional teams B.1901 and B.1921. The move was initiated with the goal of developing youth football in Guldborgsund Kommune in order to strengthen the first team and thereby retain divisional status. Before taking the name Nykøbing FC, the club was known as Nykøbing Falster Alliancen (NFA), which was also a superstructure between B.1901 and B.1921 founded on 1 January 1994. Later on, between 2006 and 2013, this club also went under the name Lolland Falster Alliancen (LFA).
Lolland Falster Alliancen had, before the foundation of Nykøbing FC, had a tumultuous existence between the second tier and third tier. On 18 June 2006, their 4–3 defeat to Lyngby Boldklub in the last game of the season resulted in relegation to the third tier, after having spent three years in the second tier. However, they spent just one season at this level, and were promoted back to the second division after beating KB 5–0 on 3 June 2007.
Superliga 2020 (2015–present)
In 2015, two years after the launch of the new merger between B.1901 and B.1921, Nykøbing FC launched the project Superliga 2020, with a declared goal of promotion to the Danish Superliga by 2020. The project was launched when Danish celebrities – chef Claus Meyer, comedian Mick Øgendahl and former footballer Claus Jensen – invested millions in the club and became major shareholders. This vision was readjusted in 2019, instead targeting promotion to the Danish Superliga by 2022 with 50% of the team being homegrown. On 7 January 2020, Claus Jensen combined his role as investor in the club with a new role as club manager, while head coach Brian Rasmussen assumed the position of first team coach.
Nykøbing achieved national prominence in 2021 when they knocked top-flight FC Copenhagen out of the Danish Cup with a shocking 3–0 win.
Season to season
4 seasons in Danish 1st Division
3 seasons in Danish 2nd Division
Current squad
Youth players in use 2023–24
Current technical staff
Stadium
Nykøbing FC play its home matches at the Nykøbing Falster Idrætspark named CM Arena for sponsorship reasons. It has a capacity of approximately 10,000 and was inaugurated in 1987.
Famous players
Note: this list includes players that have appeared in at least 100 league games and/or have reached international status.
Coaches
References
External links
Official club website
Football clubs in Denmark
Association football clubs established in 1994
1994 establishments in Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing%20FC |
Elwood George English (March 2, 1906 – September 26, 1997) was an American professional baseball shortstop and third baseman. He played twelve seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1927 and 1938 for the Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers. His uncle Paul Carpenter also played professional baseball.
Early life
English was born on March 2, 1906, on a farm in Licking County, Ohio. He went to Newark High School, where he played second base on the baseball team. In English's senior season, the team went undefeated. After high school, English worked for Pure Oil and Firestone Rubber. During breaks, he would play baseball with Pure Oil's local team. In 1924, English played for the semi-pro Zanesville Greys. The league that the Greys played in had other Major League players, including Al Schweitzer.
Career
Minor leagues
In the following year of 1925, English signed a contract with the Toledo Mud Hens, a Double-A team, a part of the American Association, for $300 a month. Being the youngest player on his team, 18, English played 131 games at shortstop and batted .220 and a .946 fielding percentage. The following year played a team-high 162 games and batted a .301 average, a team-high 15 triples and a .948 fielding percentage.
Major leagues
After playing for the Mud Hens, English was purchased for $50,000 by the Chicago Cubs. He made his Major League debut on April 26, 1927, an 8-5 loss against the Cincinnati Reds. English went 0–2 with one strikeout. The Cubs finished the seaason in 4th place, 8.5 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Career statistics
In 1261 games over 12 seasons, English posted a .286 batting average (1356-for-4746) with 801 runs, 236 doubles, 52 triples, 32 home runs, 422 RBI, 57 stolen bases, 571 bases on balls, .366 on-base percentage and .378 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .959 fielding percentage playing at shortstop, third and second base. In the 1929 and '32 World Series, he hit .184 (7-for-38) with 3 runs and 1 RBI.
Best season
1930 .335 BA, 14 HR, 59 RBI, 152 runs, 214 hits, 17 triples, 13 stolen bases, 100 walks, 156 games – all career highs.
Highlights
1933 All-Star Game
Twice led National League in games played (156, 1930–31)
Finished fourth in National League MVP vote (1931), behind Frankie Frisch, Chuck Klein and Bill Terry
Between 1952 and 1954 managed the Grand Rapids Chicks of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, leading his team to a Championship (1953) and two playoff appearances
Post-baseball life
Following baseball, English decided to work for a factory in Chicago. During World War II, he worked on airplanes. He got married in 1948 to a woman named Katerine. English coached the Grand Rapids Chicks of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League from 1952 until 1954 when the league folded. After coaching, he worked for State Farm Insurance until his retirement in 1971. On September 26, 1997, English died at Newark, Ohio, at the age of 91 and is buried in Fredonia Cemetery in Fredonia, Ohio.
References
External links
Notes
National League All-Stars
Brooklyn Dodgers players
Chicago Cubs players
Major League Baseball shortstops
Major League Baseball third basemen
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League managers
People from Licking County, Ohio
Baseball players from Ohio
1906 births
1997 deaths
Toledo Mud Hens players
National Girls Baseball League players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody%20English |
Jacobus Pamelius (Jacob van Pamele) (13 May 1536 – 19 September 1587) was a Flemish theologian who was named bishop of Saint-Omer.
Life
Pamelius was born at Bruges, in the County of Flanders, the son of Adolphe de Joigny de Pamele, lord of Castre and Gotthem, by Madeleine Vanden Heede. His father served in turn as alderman of Bruges, master of requests to the Privy Council, councillor of state, and imperial privy councillor. His elder brother, Willem van Pamele, would become president of the Council of Flanders and president of the Privy Council.
Jacobus was educated at the Cistercian Abbey of Boneffe in the County of Namur. He studied philosophy at Louvain University, and graduated magister artium on 27 March 1553. For the next nine years he was a student of theology in Pope's College, Leuven, following the lectures of Ruard Tapper and Josse Ravestein. After graduating Bachelor of Sacred Theology he continued his studies at the Sorbonne. On 19 June 1561, he was made a canon of St. Donatian's Cathedral, Bruges, but was still only a subdeacon. He was probably ordained a priest on 21 February 1562, the first priest ordained by Cardinal Granvelle as Archbishop of Mechelen. He graduated Licentiate of Sacred Theology the same year and settled in Bruges, living with his widowed mother and dedicating much of his time and resources to collecting old manuscripts.
The printer Johannes Hervagius (Johann Herwagen the Younger, died 1564), in a Preface Ad Lectorem, credits Pamelius (alone) with a large editorial contribution to the monumental 8-volume 1563 Basel Editio Princeps of the Complete Works of the Venerable Bede, begun under the supervision of Johann Herwagen the elder (died 1557). "For as in the bringing together of the books of Bede, so also in the emendation and restoration of many readings, Jacobus Pamelius laid out no small effort, an erudite man, one very respected in these matters, and diligent, and one to whom the readers owe a great deal."
Pamelius devoted himself to the publication of rare texts, continuing with the Micrologus de ecclesiasticis observationibus (Antwerp, Christophe Plantin, 1565), a liturgical commentary of the Roman Ordo which dates probably from the beginning of the twelfth century, and an edition of Cassiodorus's Institutiones divinarum lectionum published jointly with a catalogue of ancient biblical commentaries (Antwerp, Plantin, 1566), which he dedicated to Richard Creagh, Archbishop of Armagh. He was particularly interested in the writings of Cyprian and in liturgical books.
From 1568 to 1571 he held the deanery of Bruges, which he had accepted only on condition that he should be allowed to resign at the earliest opportunity. In 1570 he was appointed a member of the commission for the examination of books by Remi Drieux, Bishop of Bruges, and he aided in the publication of the Index expurgatorius of 1571. On 4 May 1574, he replaced George de Vrieze as scholaster of the chapter of St Donatian, and he was an active fundraiser for the establishment of a Jesuit college at Bruges in 1575.
The Dutch Revolt was by then in progress, and in response to the 1576 Pacification of Ghent, Pamelius penned a memo for the Flemish bishops (in particular Martin Rythovius, bishop of Ypres, and Remi Drieux, bishop of Bruges) providing arguments against religious toleration. After his death this was printed under the title De religionibus diversis non admittendis (Antwerp, Plantin, 1589). On 20 March 1578, rebel forces took control of Bruges. His efforts to save three Franciscan friars accused of sodomy from the death penalty attracted hostility, and he was obliged to withdraw to Douai. He probably left Bruges on 8 October 1578, the day that the Dominicans, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites were expelled.
The chapter of Saint-Omer granted him a prebend in 1580, and in 1581 appointed him Archdeacon of Flanders. It was during this period that he put the finishing touches to his long-gestated edition of Tertullian, which was published in Paris in 1584. He continued to develop a reputation for generosity to Catholic refugees in Walloon Flanders, both from parts of the Low Countries under Calvinist control, and from England and Ireland. When Louis de Berlaymont, Archbishop of Cambrai, summoned a provincial council to meet in Mons on 2 October 1586, Pamelius was to accompany Jean Six, bishop of Saint-Omer, as a theological adviser. Bishop Six fell ill at Lille and was unable to continue the journey. The bishop's secretary, Franciscus Lucas Brugensis, remained at his sick-bed and Pamelius went on alone, as the bishop's delegate.
Jean Six died on 11 October 1586, and Philip II named Pamelius as his successor as bishop. Pamelius died at Mons, in the County of Hainaut, before receiving his bulls of confirmation. He was buried in Saint Waltrude Collegiate Church in Mons. A service of commemoration was held in Saint-Omer on 20 January 1588, with Guillaume Taelboom delivering the eulogy.
Works
Besides the Micrologus, he wrote
Liturgica latinorum (Cologne, 1571)
De religionibus diversis non admittendis (Antwerp, 1589)
a catalogue of ancient commentaries on the Bible (Antwerp, 1566)
and he edited the works of St. Cyprian (Antwerp, 1566), Tertullian (Paris, 1584), and Hrabanus Maurus (Cologne, 1627).
References
1536 births
1587 deaths
Old University of Leuven alumni
University of Paris alumni
Clergy from Bruges
Roman Catholic theologians of the Habsburg Netherlands
Bishops of Saint-Omer
Flemish Roman Catholic priests
Roman Catholic priests from the Habsburg Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus%20Pamelius |
The parable of drawing in the net, also known as the parable of the dragnet, is a Christian parable that appears in the Gospel of Matthew, chapter 13, verses 47–52. The parable refers to the Last Judgment. This parable is the seventh and last in Matthew 13, which began with the parable of the Sower. It directly follows the Parable of the Pearl, which is about the Kingdom of God. Thus, it links the Kingdom of God with the final judgment—the separation for hell and heaven.
The parable is also found in three non-canonical gospels: by Clement of Alexandria, in the Heliand and the Gospel of Thomas. In the Gospel of Thomas, it is referred to as the Parable of the Fisherman.
Narrative
The parable is as follows:
Interpretation
Like the parable of the Tares, earlier in Matthew 13, this parable refers to the final judgment. Here, the imagery is drawn from the separation of edible from inedible fish caught by a net, probably a seine net. One end of the dragnet is held on the shore, the other end is dragged into the sea and returned to the shore. Alternatively, the two ends are held on two boats and then they sweep the sea together.The passage says that "the angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous" in a similar way to the separation of the tares from the wheat in the parable of the Tares.
Arthur Pink explained that "The 'good' fish represent believers; their being 'gathered' speaks of association together—fellowship; while the 'vessels' tell of separation from the world." First, the fishermen will separate believers (the good fish), and finally angels will take away non-believers to hell.
According to J Duncan M Derrett, Professor of Oriental Laws in the University of London, the parable is about the technique of a mission. He explains:
Jack Dean Kingsbury, Aubrey Lee Brooks professor of theology at Union Presbyterian Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, asserted that the parable is about the harvest. He explained that the present age is different from the future age, but both stand under the divine ordinance. The church should not attempt to establish a holy community. The association of evil with the righteous is only temporary. In the end, the separation will occur and therefore each Christian must examine himself to avoid being declared evil.
John Chrysostom described this as a "terrible parable", noting that:
Jesus' final comments indicate that "true teachers of the kingdom display the kingdom's treasure for all to see."
Reformer John Calvin interpreted the parable to mean:
William Barclay elaborated that "[The parable] lays it down that there must be no selectiveness in the preaching of the gospel. To us, that is something of a commonplace... But to the ancient world, this was an amazing thing. The ancient world everywhere was a world of barriers and of contempt."
The Parable of the Scribes at the end is generally regarded as part of the parable. But some scholars consider it separate, hence, making up eight—not seven—parables in Matthew 13.
Commentary from the Church Fathers
Chrysostom: "In the foregoing parables He has commended the Gospel preaching; now, that we may not trust in preaching only, nor think that faith alone is sufficient for our salvation, He adds another fearful parable, saying, Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net cast into the sea."
Jerome: "In fulfilment of that prophecy of Jeremiah who said, I will send unto you many fishers, (Jer. 6:16.) when Peter and Andrew, James and John, heard the words, Follow me, I will make you fishers of men, they put together a net for themselves formed of the Old and New Testaments, and cast it into the sea of this world, and that remains spread until this day, taking up out of the salt and bitter and whirlpools whatever falls into it, that is good men and bad; and this is that He adds, And gathered of every kind."
Gregory the Great: "Or otherwise; The Holy Church is likened to a net, because it is given into the hands of fishers, and by it each man is drawn into the heavenly kingdom out of the waves of this present world, that he should not be drowned in the depth of eternal death. This net gathers of every kind of fishes, because the wise and the foolish, the free and the slave, the rich and the poor, the strong and the weak, are called to forgiveness of sin; it is then fully filled when in the end of all things the sum of the human race is completed; as it follows, Which, when it was filled, they drew out, and sitting down on the shore gathered the good into vessels, but the bad they cast away. For as the sea signifies the world, so the sea shore signifies the end of the world; and as the good are gathered into vessels, but the bad cast away, so each man is received into eternal abodes, while the reprobate having lost the light of the inward kingdom are cast forth into outer darkness. But now the net of faith holds good and bad mingled together in one; but the shore shall discover what the net of the Church has brought to land."
Jerome: "For when the net shall be drawn to the shore, then shall be shown the true test for separating the fishes."
Chrysostom: "Wherein does this parable differ from the parable of the tares? There, as here, some perish and some are saved; but there, because of their heresy of evil dogmas; in the first parable of the sower, because of their not attending to what was spoken; here, because of their evil life, because of which, though drawn by the net, that is, enjoying the knowledge of God, they cannot be saved. And when you hear that the wicked are cast away, that you may not suppose that this punishment may be risked, He adds an exposition showing its severity, saying, Thus shall it be in the end of the world; the angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire, there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Though He elsewhere declares, that He shall separate them as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; He here declares, that the Angels shall do it, as also in the parable of the tares."
Gregory the Great: "To fear becomes us here, rather than to expound for the torments of sinners are pronounced in plain terms, that none might plead his ignorance, should eternal punishment be threatened in obscure sayings."
Jerome: "For when the end of the world shall be come, then shall be shown the true test of separating the fishes, and as in a sheltered harbour the good shall be sent into the vessels of heavenly abodes, but the flame of hell shall seize the wicked to be dried up and withered."
Non-canonical version
The Parable of the Dragnet is also found in the writings of Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215 CE), in the Heliand (9th-century CE poem) and the Gospel of Thomas. The storylines are similar but with slight variations. Clement of Alexandria wrote:
In the Heliand it is written:
According to the Gospel of Thomas (Saying 8):
See also
Five Discourses of Matthew
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Ministry of Jesus
References
Notes
Citations
Sources
Angels in Christianity
Eschatology in the Bible
Gospel of Matthew
Heaven in Christianity
Hell (Christianity)
Christian hamartiology
Drawing in the Net, Parable of
Metaphors referring to fish
Animals in the Bible | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable%20of%20Drawing%20in%20the%20Net |
People's Park may refer to:
Brazil
People's Park (São Paulo)
People's Park (Campina Grande), in Campina Grande
People's Park (Presidente Prudente), in Presidente Prudente
China
People's Park (transcribed as Rénmín Gōngyuán) is a common name for urban parks in Chinese cities.
People's Park (Chengdu)
People's Park (Guangzhou)
People's Park (Haikou)
People's Park (Kashgar)
People's Park (Nanchang)
People's Park (Nanning)
People's Park (Shanghai)
People's Park (Shenzhen)
People's Park (Tianjin)
People's Park (Ürümqi)
People's Park (Xining)
People's Park (Zhengzhou)
People's Park (Zibo)
Hua Luogeng Park, Jintan, formerly People's Park
Norbulingka, Lhasa, also known as People's Park
Qingcheng Park, Hohhot, formerly People's Park
Denmark
Folkets Park, Copenhagen, People's Park, Copenhagen
Folkeparken, Roskilde, People's Park, Roskilde
Ireland
People's Park, Dún Laoghaire, near Dublin
People's Park, Limerick
The People's Park, Waterford
Philippines
People's Park (Davao City)
Valenzuela People's Park
People's Park in the Sky, Tagaytay
United Kingdom
Albert Park, Middlesbrough, England
Mowbray Park, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England
People's Park, Banbury, Oxfordshire, England
People's Park, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England
The People's Park, Ballymena, Northern Ireland
People's Park, Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England
Saltwell Park, Gateshead, England
Victoria Park, London, known colloquially as the People's Park
United States
People's Park (Berkeley), California
People's Park, Paterson, a section of Paterson, New Jersey
Other countries
People's Park (Budapest), Hungary
People's Park, Chennai, India
People's Park (Folkets park), Sweden
People's Square and Park, Yangon, Myanmar
See also
People's Park Complex, a commercial and residential building in Singapore
People's Park Centre, a shopping centre in Singapore
Volksgarten (disambiguation)
People's Square (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s%20Park |
Helspont is a fictional character and a former supervillain in Wildstorm's comics who was transplanted to the DC Universe. In addition to the WildC.A.T.s, he has also fought Team One, Gen¹³, Backlash, and when folded into the DC Universe, Superman.
Fictional character biography
A member of the alien race known as the Daemonites, Helspont was a military lord. He was, essentially, the general who would command Daemonite forces in the field. Helspont possessed a being from another alien race (before the Wildstorm Universe separated from the Image universe, the being he possessed was an Acurian) at some unknown point in time (centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, according to Spartan), becoming his usual form. Helspont was stationed on the Daemonite ship that crashed on Earth thousands of years ago. He, along with the two other highest-ranked surviving Daemonites, took the title High Lord and became a leader to the other Daemonites. Helspont had many Daemonites serving under him, though another lord, Defile, formed his rival faction. Helspont and his servants also formed alliances with several humans over the years, using the name "The Cabal" to refer to their organization at least once before the mid-20th Century.
During the Third Crusade, Helspont found an English crusader, Dakor of Cambria, who intended to commit suicide. Dakor had previously been found, severely injured, by the Kherubim warrior Zealot, then known as Constance, who attempted to train him in the ways of the Coda, the female warrior society to which she belonged. However, Dakor had failed Constance's tests and she and another Coda defeated him in combat. Shamed by having been defeated by women, Dakor attempted suicide, only to be stopped by Helspont, who convinced him that Constance had used magic to steal his strength and leading him to believe the duel was unfair as he was outnumbered. Helspont, wanting his own organization to counter-balance the Coda, had Dakor create a group of warriors known as the Quiet Men. The Quiet Men would go on to fight against the Coda and Zealot multiple times over the following centuries.
In the 1960s, Helspont encountered post-human mobster Slaughterhouse Smith and his gang, offering Smith control over North America by the end of the decade if he allied himself with Helspont against humanity, although how Helspont planned to achieve this has yet to be revealed. Helspont, his Daemonite foot-soldiers and Smith and his gang formed a new Cabal. Helspont led the Cabal in an attack on a U.S. nuclear missile base with the aim of using the nuclear missiles in the base to hold the country for ransom. Helspont ordered the Cabal to nuke New York City as a warning to the government, though Smith refused, since his family lived in New York, and his men turned against him, siding with Helspont. Helspont revealed his true goal to Smith as the destruction of the world. The U.S. government strike team known as Team One attempted to foil the Cabal's plans. Helspont briefly engaged in battle with Marc Slayton, before the fight was interrupted by Cabal member Daniel Pike. Helspont then found himself locked in battle with one his most hated enemies, Mr. Majestic, the two being evenly-matched. Helspont's plan failed due to Team One's intervention, and he went on to escape.
Reunification
Helspont returned with a new plan in the 90s. Instead of eradicating the human race on his own, he planned on contacting a Daemonite armada. Once contact was established, the next stage of his plan was to open a stargate in Earth's orbit so the fleet of alien ships at Daemon could reach Earth quickly and attack from space. The name of the process was the Reunification. To create and maintain the portal needed for the Reunification, Helspont needed one of several magical orbs of power. One of the other orbs was carried inside the body of Void, a member of the WildC.A.T.s. Since she carried an orb inside her, she knew when another one was being targeted and was able to warn Lord Emp, leader of the WildC.A.T.s before it was too late, and they fought to prevent Helspont from succeeding. To help him get the orb before the WildC.A.T.s could stop him, Helspont created his own group, a new incarnation of The Cabal. This Cabal was made up of Helspont, a Coda, Pike, a psychic named Providence, and a few humans and numerous Daemonites.
The first battle between the WildC.A.T.s and Helspont's people occurred in the first issue of WildC.A.T.S: Covert Action Teams, when Grifter was sent to recruit Voodoo. Helspont's hired Coda warrior and two Daemonites attacked him as he tried to recruit her. The attack ended with the destruction of the entire location in a fiery explosion, the deaths of Helspont's warriors, and the WildC.A.T.s' escape. However, Helspont continued with his goal for Reunification believing that they had died.
The next stage involved having one of his Daemonites break into a NASA compound and steal the orb. After the orb was stolen, the last step was getting a Daemonite into the body of Dan Quayle, the Vice President of the United States. This went without incident and now, with an inside man, he was able to secure a military base which provided the right machinery to operate the orb. Operating the orb would create the stargate.
To keep the WildC.A.T.s off his back, he'd tricked them into fight the Youngblood, another Wildstorm Team. Before the two teams could figure out they had been tricked, Spartan was almost totally destroyed. Voodoo and Maul were also incapacitated, and the rest of the team was forced abandon them and go after Helspont alone. Just as Helspont and his scientists had started to activate the machines to begin the Reunification, the remainder of the WildC.A.T.s (Emp, Zealot, Grifter, Warblade and Void) arrived and attacked. While Helspont tried to hurry up the process of Reunification, the super powered members of his Cabal (Pike and The Coda and a Daemonite) fought the WildC.A.T.s. Meanwhile, elsewhere in the base, another member of Helspont's Cabal arrived with his own minions. Gnome had planned on betraying Helspont from the start so he could wield the power of the orb on his own. He'd hired the Troika and his own Coda warrior and while Helspont's people fought the C.A.T.s, he made his way towards them. Unbeknown to all of these people, back where the Youngblood and WildC.A.T.s had been fighting, Voodoo, Maul and Spartan had all regained enough strength to kill the Daemonite in the body of the Vice President and fill the Youngblood in on what was happening. Back in the heart of the base, Helspont saw Emp for the first time that night and recognized him as an enemy he'd thought he'd killed when he fought Team One. This obviously angered Helspont and he started fighting on his own, no longer relying on Pike and The Coda to do it for him. With a few energy attacks and psychic assaults, he quickly took down the WildC.A.T.s on his own. With all his enemies out of the picture, Helspont activated the orb, opened a stargate in Earth-space and the night sky began to fill with Daemonite ships.
As Helspont basked in his victory, Voodoo, Maul and the entire Youngblood team (accompanied by Dan Quayle) attacked. This didn't bother him though. He laughed as he created a powerful energy shield that stopped the combined attack and then disabled the entire team in one blast. As the orb continued to bring in more ships, Emp used a hidden communicator to contact Spartan, who was at the buildings core, where the machines that powered the whole place were. Still damaged from before, he used the last of his power to shut down the entire compound. As a result, the orb stopped working properly (destroying ships in transit as well as ones near the stargate) and the machines that had been powering it exploded. Helspont was thrown back by the explosion but wouldn't give up on his chance to take over the world. He went to get what was left of the orb so he could use it, but when he reached the machine, he found Gnome and his men. Gnome revealed that he had rigged the whole place to blow and before anyone could react, he unleashed all of the power of the orb onto Helspont in an attempt to kill him. As Helspont lay motionless on the ground, the WildC.A.T.s attacked Gnome and the Troika. Emp blew off the arm of Gnome and he dropped the orb down a shaft. He dove after it while everyone that was still alive escaped the building. The entire compound exploded moments later and Helspont, Gnome and the orb were all assumed dead or destroyed.
Mr. Majestic
Helspont went on to pose as James Wyvern, owner of technology company Pacificon. Much of the technology created by Pacificon was reverse-engineered from Kherubim tech. Majestic, his partner Desmond and Zealot of the Wildcats encountered Wyvern in a defective Planet Shaper, which Wyvern had designs on. Helspont went on to reveal his true identity and obtain control over the Planet Shaper, using to reveal its purpose and means of operation. The Planet Shaper revealed that it existed to not only alter planets to better match the conditions necessary for Kherubim life, but also generate Kherubim life forms and alter existing beings into servant species and keep them from rebelling against the Kherubims, the Daemonites being a potential servant species that were considered too aberrant, leading the Kherubim to attempt to exterminate them, leading to the Daemonite-Kherubim War. This revelation led Helspont to feel his hatred of Khera and the Kherubims was further justified, and he attacked Khera. Helspont eventually ceased his attack and fled.
Desmond, still attached to the Planet Shaper, contacted Helspont telepathically. When Majestic (and Spartan) were ready to go fight the other Kherubim, they were met by Helspont, who was to be their ally. What Majestic and Spartan didn't know, was that Helspont planned on taking the Planet Shaper for himself after they took it from the someone's mother.
Once inside the machine, Hell fought Imperator (a uranium with powers like Majestic) while Majestic and Spartan took on other enemies. Helspont put up a good fight, easily beating Imperator for most of their battle, but the more they fought, the more his hate for uranium grew, and he stopped fighting smart. Imperator took the opportunity to laser Hell throat, then punch through him, ending his life. Or so he thought. Helspont, using his Daemonite powers, jumped into the body of Desmond, who was still connected to the machine. His mind now part of the Planet Shaper, he used the machines holograms to trick Imperator into thinking the world had been destroyed, which left him in a coma. Majestic arrived and took away Imperator's body, but wasn't fooled by the corpse of Hell old host. He knew that his enemy was still alive and would use the Planet Shaper to take over the world if he wasn't stopped. For almost three months Helspont and Majestic fought a new kind of battle. Instead of a physical one, it was a game of patience. Hell kept trying to activate the machines terraforming processes and Majestic kept shutting them down. It couldn't go on forever though, since Majestic was dying of a disease, he'd gotten from time traveling too much. Against all probability, Helspont was the one to lose. The Planet Shaper could only remain functional while there were living things on Earth, but right when Majestic was about to die, all life on Earth was kidnapped by a powerful alien force, something Majestic knew was going to happen thanks to his time traveling. With the machine deactivated, Helspont was trapped in Desmond's dead body. Majestic, dying as he did it, took Desmond's body off the machine and blasted it to ash with laser vision, killing Helspont once and for all. Helspont's victory had been snatched from him yet again.
Helspont Redux
In the Wildstorm Universe relaunch (WildCats v4) Helspont is alive and well but very different from how he was before. Though he looks mostly the same, everything about Helspont has changed. Instead of being a normal Daemonite with an amazingly powerful body, Helspont is now super evolved, living hive mind. When the number of Daemonites reaches a certain number, a "central mind" is created. It has the knowledge and intelligence of every member of the entire Daemonite race and its (synthetic) body is a mix of flesh, metal and fire. Not only does Helspont now have the minds of every Daemonite within his own, but now he can control every single Daemonite with a thought. Because of all this, he is leagues more powerful than he was before, but the state of his personal powers levels has not been addressed yet. The only thing we know about him is that he has a Daemonite armada, and he's teamed up with Kaizen Gamorra to try to take over the world.
Other schemes
Helspont has tried many times to either take over or destroy the world, but most of them weren't major enough to get their own stories. His plan to use America's own nukes to jump start a nuclear holocaust and wipe out all of humanity was very nearly successful and prompted the creation of a superhero team, so the event was cataloged. Likewise, Project Reunification actually did work, and, if not for the last-minute interference of Spartan and the work of a traitorous ally, Helspont would have ruled the world. These were the major attempts, but there were others. Going by human history, his very first plot involved him traveling through time. It is unknown when he started from, but he arrived Ancient Rome. This was just a stop on his way to when the Daemonites and Kherubim first landed on Earth, though. He planned on traveling back to the Kherubim ship and using his Acurian body and powers (which he didn't have originally at that point in time) to take out the Kherubim ship and stop his from crashing. This plan was foiled by the WildC.A.T.s who were also traveling back in time to stop someone else from rewriting history. Helspont was prevented from traveling further back in time, but one of his henchmen, a Daemonite named Mortuus, was able to make it back as planned. He made it back to the Kherubim ship, but was killed by Zealot in the past before he could do anything.
Sometime after his first run in with the WildC.A.T.s and his failed attempt at Reunification, the event Wildstorm Rising took place. Wildstorm Rising involved most of the other Wildstorm Universe characters and teams and gave Helspont a chance to become the enemy of them all. During the crossover event, rumors of a Daemonite vessel from the original crash to Earth started to fly around. Characters from all over the place were investigating these rumors and everyone wanted the ship. Along with all the good guys that were after it, there were many villains who wanted it too, and Helspont was just one of them. He wanted to take the ship and get to Daemon where he could gather a force to come back to Earth to take over or just leave the planet and never return. The ship turned out not to be a Daemonite one, but a Kheran one. This didn't deter Helspont (or anyone else) and they all continued to fight over it. At one point, Helspont stood against every Wildstorm hero and was ready to take them all on. In the fight that followed, he effortlessly swept most of them aside with his amazing telekinetic and energy manipulation powers, but eventually got locked in a battle with none other than Mr. Majestic. The battle was going nowhere but while Majestic kept him busy, the WildC.A.T.s were able to get aboard the ship and take off, but not before shooting Helspont with the ships lasers. Though he survived, he failed to get the ship.
Shortly after Wildstorm Rising, Helspont tried to rule the world by getting as much power as he could as a human. This plan was the least obvious and so he got away with it without the interference of super groups. Instead of trying to destroy the world straight out, he first tried to control it like humans did, with money. To this end, he created Pacificon, a legitimate company, and started selling alien technology as a human named James Wyvern. This strategy took years, but eventually he became a supplier for governments worldwide and was well on his way to economic domination. This plan came to an end when Helspont learned of the Planet Shaper, a machine he wanted to use to turn the world into a place suitable only for Daemonites. When he went to secure the machine, he ran into Mr. Majestic and was forced to abandon his previous plan and secret identity.
One of Helspont's schemes for world domination didn't even occur in this reality. In the Heroes Reborn: World War 3 event, Helspont joined forces with Doctor Doom and the Skrulls to take over Earth. After Doom went back in time to avert a disaster, the Wildstorm and Marvel realities mixed. Doom seized an opportunity and took advantage of being the first to know about the melding of the universes. He forged an alliance with Helspont to have access to Daemonite troops. Helspont was his second in command in all things and together with the Skrulls, they succeeded in taking over this new world. They ruled from Latveria and thanks to Daemonite troops and special genetic monstrosities that Helspont provided, there was almost no force that could stop them. The only reason they lost control was because they were separated, and also because of Deathblow and the Thing. Doom went to The Negative Zone to stop the heroes from destroying a device he had hidden there. If they destroyed it and similar device in the real world, the universes would go back to normal. While he was gone, Deathblow, who had only just appeared in this universe tackled Helspont into the device in the real world, destroying it. With one device weakened, the other was easy to destroy, so as usual, the combined forces of all of Earth's heroes was able to set things right. The universes were split and all the Wildstorm characters were sent back to their own world, with neither universe remembering what had happened.
Influence
Though he is a major force in the Wildstorm Universe, Helspont himself has not been in very many comics (less than 25 in total). However, the effects of his few appearances have had consequences that have rippled throughout the entire Wildstorm Universe, even bridging into other comics and story lines. The most obvious was the creation of I.O.'s Teams. Team 1 was created in response to Helspont's first attacks, and all the members of the team went on to create or be in teams of their own or even work solo, (Stormwatch, The Authority, WildC.A.T.s, Backlash) but it didn't stop there. Other teams (Team 7 being the most well-known) were created in much the same fashion. Their targets weren't Helspont (at least not the teams we know about) but they would not have been instituted if not for the example of Team 1. During his fight with Team 1, Helspont forced Mr. Majestic to kill John Colt (Spartan). After John Colt died, his body returned to life and became Kaizen Gamorra, another major Wildstorm villain. Helspont was also major force in Wildstorm Rising and helped shape its outcome. He took out everyone else so only the WildC.A.T.s could get the ship. This led to the discovery that the war was over, the creation of the new team on Earth (which led to Tao and the Sleeper series), and the change in direction of the old team when it returned to Earth. So, though he isn't often seen, the repercussions of Helspont's actions have leaked through Wildstorm history and made him one of the most notable villains in the Wildstorm Universe.
The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, which merges the Wildstorm universe, the Helspont and the Daemonites origin is adjusted. Nearly four thousand years ago, the Daemonite prince Artus returned to his mother's castle carrying the body of his dead wife, a victim of what he believes is the genetic decline of their species. The combination of Daemonite DNA with other species resulted in the spread of auto-immune deficiencies, cancers, higher infant mortality rates and Artus believed this weakened their race. As a result of this, he was cast out of court by his mother, all while he swore that he would return his people to their proper place as conquerors of the universe. Taking the name Helspont, Artus' peoples' fear caused him to be imprisoned in the Eye, which would eventually become the headquarters of Stormwatch.
Some 4,000 years later, when Harry Tanner set off an explosion that ripped the Eye apart, Helspont's prison cell crashed on Earth in the Himalayas. Helspont, now freed, established a new base, and confronted Superman, who destroyed his base. The villain returns and sends a full-scale assault against Superman and other alien heroes such as Starfire and Hawkman, trying to recruit them, during which he admits that never intended destroy earth or to see Superman dead. In fact, by protecting people, he protects the human genes from the corruption that destroyed his race. Helspont believes Superman may need to be "tamed" by surviving Daemonites.
Before disappearing, Helspont mentioned Jor-El, leaving Superman to contemplate the high risk of a future invasion from Helspont.
The Wild Storm
In the 2017 reboot of the Wildstorm Universe, "Ragnar Helspont" is named as the chief scientist of the Thunderbook program (the reboot's analogue to Gen12 ) responsible for implanting human subjects with Kheran DNA.
Powers and abilities
Helspont's host body has shown superhuman strength and durability, comparable to Mister Majestic. Furthermore, his Acurian host gives him vast psionic powers including telekinesis and mental attacks as well as energy blasts. Helspont can change his shape, appearing like a normal human, but this may be a telepathic illusion rather than a physical power.
Like all Daemonites, he can possess host bodies at will, though doing so would mean he has to give up his powerful Acurian host body. He can presumably take the shape of his true Daemonite form, however, he always appears in his Acurian form.
As a Daemonite, Helspont has access to highly advanced technology. As the High Lord of all Daemonites on Earth, he can command dozens of Daemonites to do his bidding. Some Daemonites don't obey him though, like Lord Defile and Hightower. Furthermore, many Daemonites deserted after hearing about the end of the war.
In other media
Helspont appears in the animated series Wild C.A.T.s, voiced by Maurice Dean Wint.
A Helspont figure from Playmates Toys was released in 1994.
References
External links
- DC Wikia character profile
- Character page on Comic Book Database
Comic Vine forum discussion
Characters created by Jim Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1992
DC Comics characters who are shapeshifters
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics characters who have mental powers
DC Comics characters with accelerated healing
DC Comics characters with immortality
DC Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics extraterrestrial supervillains
DC Comics telekinetics
DC Comics telepaths
Fictional characters who can manipulate time
Fictional characters who can turn intangible
Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
Fictional characters with spirit possession or body swapping abilities
Fictional lords and ladies
Fictional warlords
Male characters in animated series
WildCats characters
Wildstorm Universe supervillains | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helspont |
Sociedad Argentina de Autores y Compositores de Música (SADAIC) (Argentine Society of Music Authors and Composers) is the entity that gathers all musicians and authors of Argentina, and the Argentine performance rights organisation that keeps registry of musical works, and collects and distributes royalties on behalf of the artists.
On August 1, 1930, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Republic of Argentina, Ciriaco Ortiz, César Vedani, Osvaldo Fresedo, Francisco Canaro, Juan Francisco Noli, Homero Manzi, Enrique Santos Discépolo, José Pécora, Francisco García Jiménez, José María Contursi and Mario Benard, after a long discussion, decided to form the Circle of Authors and Composers of Music with the sole purpose to help protect the intellectual property rights of authors and facilitate the collection of their royalties. The Circle of Authors and Composers of Music and the Argentine Association of Authors and Composers of Music would merge subsequently, giving rise to the birth of SADAIC (Argentine Society of Authors and Composers of Music), signing said act on June 9, 1936.
Canaro, being the President of SADAIC, learned of a judicial auction of a piece of land on 1545 Lavalle Street. Founded on 9 June 1936, it also organizes cultural events, musical courses and the health insurance for musicians.
SADAIC is a BIEM and CISAC member.
See also
List of BIEM members
List of CISAC members
Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers
External links
Official website
References
Music organisations based in Argentina
Music licensing organizations
Organizations established in 1936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad%20Argentina%20de%20Autores%20y%20Compositores%20de%20M%C3%BAsica |
The Last of the Sky Pirates is a children's fantasy novel by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell, first published in 2002. It is the fifth volume of The Edge Chronicles and the first of the Rook Saga trilogy; within the stories' own chronology it is the seventh novel, following the Quint Saga and Twig Saga trilogies.
Unlike the previous books in the series, this focuses on Rook Barkwater and Felix Lodd, but the main character of the first three books, Twig, is present as well. The story is of young Rook as he becomes a librarian knight and is pitted against the Guardians of the Night, including Xanth Filantine. The character of Vox Verlix is mentioned, setting up for the sixth book, Vox.
Plot summary
Rook Barkwater lives in the network of sewer-chambers beneath Undertown, in which a society of librarians has established itself, secretly opposing the cruel Guardians of Night. Rook, a lowly under-librarian, dreams of becoming a librarian knight—one of the select few to travel into the Deepwoods and gather information which may lead to the discovery of the cure to stone-sickness (an affliction which has destroyed the buoyant rocks, making skysailing impossible). Rook does not expect his dreams ever to come true—his best friend, Felix Lodd, seems a much more likely candidate—but, to everyone's surprise, Rook is chosen to be a knight, along with Stob Lummus and Magda Burlix.
Rook, Magda and Stob make their way along the Great Mire Road, a shryke-controlled bridge that has been built to traverse the marshy Mire in place of sky ships. While on the way, Rook helps an imprisoned sky pirate, Deadbolt Vulpoon, to escape. Finally, the librarian knights arrive in the Eastern Roost, a large shryke-city. Employing the help of a male shryke, Hekkle, who is friendly to the librarians, the three make their way across the Deepwoods, eventually arriving at the Free Glades.
After arriving there, Rook, Stob and Magda are joined by Xanth Filatine, a disguised Guardian of Night who is secretly channelling information to the Guardians so that they may ambush the librarian knights as they travel. During Rook's studies, he learns to create a skycraft, which is a small, flying one-person vehicle. Xanth breaks his leg in a skycraft accident, and cannot embark upon his treatise-voyage, the journey for which the knights have been studying. Rook also makes a raid on the Foundry Glade, along with Felix Lodd's sister Varis Lodd (who saved Rook from slavers when he was very young) and the slaughterer Knuckle. The purpose of this raid is to free the banderbear slaves that are kept there. During this raid, Rook takes a poisoned arrow to the chest to save a banderbear's life.
Rook embarks on his treatise-voyage. His goal is to find the Great Convocation of Banderbears. Rook befriends a young banderbear named Wumeru, and he follows her, against her will, to the Convocation. The banderbears discover his presence and are about to kill him when the banderbear who Rook saved in the Foundry Glade stands up for him. Rook is then introduced to Twig, the main character and sky pirate from the second Edge Chronicles trilogy, now an old man. Twig reveals that his sky ship, the Skyraider, has not yet succumbed to stone-sickness. Along with a crew of banderbears, the two set out to attack the fortress of the Guardians of Night: the Tower of the same name. Their purpose is to free Cowlquape Pentephraxis, an old friend of Twig's.
While Twig and the Skyraider keep the Guardians busy, Rook sneaks into the tower on his skycraft and frees Cowlquape. As he is about to fly free, a rope becomes snagged and the skycraft is stuck. Xanth, the traitor, confronts Rook. The two had become good friends during their time together in the Free Glades, a fact that Xanth apparently had not forgotten. Xanth cuts the rope quickly, allowing Rook to fly away safely with Cowlquape.
The Skyraider, meanwhile, had succumbed to stone-sickness, and was slowly dropping over the Edge. Rook and Cowlquape mourn the end of Twig, who had been struck by the crossbow-bolt of the chief guardian of night, Orbix Xaxis and had decided to go down with his ship. However, at the last minute, Twig's caterbird, who had sworn to watch over him for always, catches him and flies towards the rejuvenating waters of Riverrise. Whether they make it in time is left as a cliffhanger.
Characters
Rook Barkwater
Felix Lodd
Stob Lumnus
Magda Burlix
Deadbolt Vulpoon
Hekkle
Xanth Filatine
Knuckle
Varis Lodd
Twig
Orbix Xaxis
Reception
The Last of the Sky Pirates has been commended for the way it portrays librarians. It has been reviewed by Horn Book, and School Library Journal.
References
External links
Library holdings of The Last of the Sky Pirates
2002 British novels
2002 children's books
2002 fantasy novels
Children's fantasy novels
British children's novels
British fantasy novels
The Edge Chronicles
Doubleday (publisher) books
de:Rook und Twig, der letzte Himmelspirat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Last%20of%20the%20Sky%20Pirates |
The Catholic Church in Bolivia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Catholicism was introduced in the 1530s and the first diocese was established in 1552. Evangelization among the Indians bore much fruit from the mid-18th to early 19th century, resuming again in 1840. The country declared independence from Spain in 1825.
Today, Bolivia is a predominantly Catholic country. Although the Church was disestablished as the state religion in early 2009, relations between Church and state are guided by a concordat signed with the Holy See in 1951. According to a 2018 survey, 70% of Bolivians were Catholics.
Organization
There are seventeen territorial jurisdictions in the country—four archdioceses, six dioceses, and five apostolic vicariates and two Territorial Prelatures:
Archdiocese of Cochabamba
Diocese of Oruro
Territorial Prelature of Aiquile
Archdiocese of La Paz
Diocese of Coroico
Diocese of El Alto
Territorial Prelature of Corocoro
Archdiocese of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Diocese of San Ignacio de Velasco
Archdiocese of Sucre
Diocese of Potosí
Diocese of Tarija
Apostolic Vicariates:
Camiri
El Beni
Ñuflo de Chávez
Pando
Reyes
See also
Catholic Church by country
Religion in Bolivia
References
Bolivia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Bolivia |
Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao (1 July 1922 – 3 January 2013), commonly known as Dr. S. R. Rao, was an Indian archaeologist who led teams credited with discoveries of a number of Harappan sites including the port city Lothal and Bet Dwarka in Gujarat.
Biography and career
Rao was born on 1 July 1922. He completed his education from Mysore University. He worked in the Archaeological Department of Baroda State and subsequently served the Archaeological Survey of India in various capacities. Rao has led excavations of many important sites such as Rangpur, Amreli, Bhagatrav, Dwarka, Hanur, Aihole, Kaveripattinam and others. One of his most important works were leading the research and excavations at Lothal, the earliest known port in history and the most important Indus-era site in India. Rao was the recipient of Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship and a doctorate of literature from Mysore University. Rao had supervised excavation of several historic sites across the country in the West and South.
He was also associated with conservation of monuments such as Taj Mahal and forts. Despite officially retiring in 1980 Rao was requested to work for the ASI Director General in leading Indian archaeological projects. It was under Rao's initiative that the NIO opened a marine archaeology research centre in 1981, under the stewardship of then director Syed Zahoor Qasim, which grew into a world recognised body. He was the founder of the Society of Marine Archaeology in India. Rao has been at the forefront of Indian archaeology for many decades - he was involved in extensive research into India's ancient past, from the sites of the Indus Valley civilization to excavations pertaining to the Kurukshetra War.
Indus script decipherment
Rao (1992) deciphered the Indus script. Postulating uniformity of the script over the full extent of Indus-era civilization, he compared it to the Phoenician Alphabet, and assigned sound values based on this comparison. His decipherment results in an "Sanskritic" reading, including the numerals aeka, tra, chatus, panta, happta/sapta, dasa, dvadasa, sata (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 100).
While mainstream scholarship is generally in agreement with Rao's approach of comparison, the details of his decipherment have not been accepted, and the script is still generally considered undeciphered. John E. Mitchiner, after dismissing some more fanciful attempts at decipherment, mentions that "a more soundly-based but still greatly subjective and unconvincing attempt to discern an Indo-European basis in the script has been that of Rao".
In a 2002 interview with The Hindu, Rao asserted his faith in his decipherment, saying that "Recently we have confirmed that it is definitely an Indo-Aryan language and deciphered. Prof. W. W. De Grummond of Florida State University has written in his article that I have already deciphered it."
Identification of Dwarka
At Kushasthali (Bet Dwarka), a strip of sand and stone situated north of town of Dwarka, Rao and his team found a wall (560 metres long) visible on the shore itself. Dating of pottery found here gave a date of 1528 BCE based on thermoluminescence dating Further unearthed was a seal. Rao asserted the three-holed triangular stone anchors found in large numbers in Dwarka waters suggested a continuity in evolution of the anchors in Lothal and Mohenjodaro, which had a single hole, and that the Dwarka anchors of late Harappan phase are a couple of centuries older than the identical anchors of late Bronze Age used in Cyprus and Syria. However, later on the NIO dated the stone anchors to be of fourteenth century of Common Era. It also stated that similar such anchors have been found in other old ports of India.
Rao asserts that the unearthed remains at Dwarka were the historical city that was home to Krishna, believed to be the eighth Avatar of Vishnu. According to the Mahabharata, Krishna built Dwarka at Kushasthali—a fortress in the sea which is currently in ruins. Then he built another city at the mouth of the Gomti River. The Mahabharata also refers to how Krishna wanted every citizen to carry some sort of identity—a mudra.
Publications
Lothal and the Indus Civilisation, Bombay: Asia Publishing House, (1973)
Lothal: A Harappan Port Town (1955 - 1962), Vols. I and II, Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, no.78, New Delhi, ASIN: B0006E4EAC (1979 and 1985)
Lothal, New Delhi: the Director General, Archaeological Survey of India (1985)
Dawn and Devolution of the Indus Civilization, , Delhi: Aditya Prakashan (1991)
New Trends in Indian Art and Archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th Birthday Felicitation Volumes, edited by B.U. Nayak and N.C. Ghosh, 2 vols. (1992)
New Frontiers of Archaeology, Bombay: Popular Prakashan, (1994)
The Lost City of Dvaraka, National Institute of Oceanography, (1999)
Marine Archaeology in India, Delhi: Publications Division, (2001)
References
External links
Dr. Rao emphasizes preservation of heritage sites in India
Indus script
Hindu dated 20 Feb 2006 - S. R. Rao among Vidya Varenya awardees
Rao biography
Interview
Portrait of S.R.Rao at Kamat.com
S.R.Rao's speech(mp3)about Lord Krishna's Dwarka at DeshGujarat.Com
1922 births
2013 deaths
People from Shimoga district
Kannada people
20th-century Indian archaeologists
Underwater archaeologists
Indigenous Aryanists
Archaeologists of the Indus Valley civilisation
Scientists from Karnataka
Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows
Archaeologists of South Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikaripura%20Ranganatha%20Rao |
Hofwil is a village in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, part of the municipality of Münchenbuchsee.
The village of Hofwil was originally part of the lands owned by the Münchenbuchsee Commandery, a medieval commandery of the Knights Hospitaller in nearby Münchenbuchsee. After the commandery was suppressed during the Protestant Reformation, Hofwil was owned by a number of nobles. In 1719 Hieronymus von Erlach combined the village with Moosseedorf.
Hofwil Castle was built in 1784-86 by the architect Carl Ahasver von Sinner for Gabriel Albrecht von Erlach. A peristyle was added to the neo-classical building in 1798.
The Hofwil Institution was built by Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg, a Bernese patrician. He took over the estate of Hofwyl in 1799 from his father and transformed it into several schools to educate all levels of society. He established a school for the poor, a secondary school for local students and an institute for the sons of wealthy families throughout Europe. The institute, which was founded in 1808, gradually became the largest school and developed an international reputation. The Hofwil Institution building was built in 1817-21 as a center piece of Emanuel von Fellenberg's educational vision. The outbuildings were built in 1818, followed by a teacher's house in 1819 and another school building around 1820. After Fellenberg's death in 1844 the schools struggled and eventually every one closed. The Canton of Bern bought the building in 1884 to house the expansion of the teachers' college, which had been founded in 1833 in Münchenbuchsee. Over the following decades it became just a preparatory school which fed into the main teacher's college in Bern. However, in 1973 it once again became a full college. In 1997 it changed again, this time into a music institute for the 10th through 12th grade. The building also houses an optional boarding school for students.
The swimming pool at Hofwil, the Hofwil Institution and Hofwil Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire area around Hofwil is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
References
External links
Villages in the canton of Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofwil |
The Internet Adapter (TIA) was software created by Cyberspace Development in 1993 to allow Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) connections over a shell account. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) was added in 1995, by which time the software was marketed and sold by Intermind of Seattle. Shell accounts normally only allow the use of command line or text-based software, but by logging into a shell account and starting the TIA daemon, a user could then run any TCP/IP-based application, including standard GUI software such as the then-popular Netscape Navigator on their computer. This was especially useful at the time because simple shell accounts were much less expensive than full SLIP/PPP accounts. TIA was ported to a large number of unix or unix-like systems.
Usage of TIA declined rapidly with the advent of inexpensive PPP-enabled consumer-level dial-up access. Also, competition from alternatives such as the free software Slirp cut its market share. Cyberspace Development later sold its domain name and its owners went on to other projects while Intermind moved on to Push technology and automated data delivery.
References
Internet Protocol based network software
1993 software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Internet%20Adapter |
Pompeia () was the name of several ancient Roman women of the gens Pompeia:
Pompeia, the daughter of Quintus Pompeius consul 141 BC, who married a certain Gaius Sicinius
Pompeia (sister of Pompeius Strabo), sister of General and Consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, who was the father to Pompey
Pompeia (sister of triumvir Pompey), sister of Pompey and daughter of General and Consul Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
Pompeia, the wife of Publius Vatinius, a tribune in 59 BC
Pompeia (wife of Julius Caesar), the second wife of Julius Caesar
Pompeia (daughter of Pompey the Great) by his third wife, Mucia Tertia
Pompeia (daughter of Sextus Pompeius), daughter of political rebel Sextus Pompeius and Scribonia
Pompeia Macrina, a woman exiled by the Roman Emperor Tiberius in 33 AD
Pompeia Paulina, wife of Seneca the Younger
Pompeia Plotina, the wife of Roman Emperor Trajan
Pompeia Macrina, one of the mothers-in-law of Roman historian and Senator Pliny the Younger
Pompeia of Langoat, a Breton saint and queen
See also
Pompeius
Pompeius (disambiguation)
Pompeii (disambiguation)
Pompey (disambiguation)
Pompeii (Romans)
Ancient Roman prosopographical lists of women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompeia |
Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA) is Pennsylvania's official public access geospatial information clearinghouse. PASDA serves as Pennsylvania's node on the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). PASDA is a cooperative effort of the Pennsylvania Geospatial Technologies Office of the Office of Information Technology and the Pennsylvania State University Institute of Energy and the Environment.
Early history
Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA), the official public geospatial data clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania marked its 18th year in 2014. PASDA, which has grown from a small website offering 35 data sets in 1996 to the expansive user-centered data clearinghouse that it is today, has become a staple of the GIS community in Pennsylvania. PASDA provides access to thousands of data files, terabytes of data, and hundreds of Internet Map Services, Google Earth KML files, metadata, mapping applications, and other information like guides and tutorials.
PASDA was developed by the Pennsylvania State University as a service to the citizens, governments, and businesses of the Commonwealth. PASDA is a cooperative project of the Governor's Office of Administration, Office for Information Technology, Geospatial Technologies Office and Penn State Institutes for Energy and the Environment of the Pennsylvania State University. Funding is provided by the Pennsylvania Office for Information Technology, Geospatial Technologies Office. The Pennsylvania State University provides additional substantial support to PASDA for system administration, database technologies administration, and infrastructure. The High Performance Computing Center at Penn State is also providing significant resources and support for PASDA.
PASDA is housed at Penn State Institute of Energy and the Environment.
The purpose of Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA) is to serve as a comprehensive geospatial data digital library by providing free, universal access to geospatial data and information by, for, and about the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. PASDA has served for almost 20 years as the Commonwealth's node on the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), Geospatial One Stop, and the National Biological Information Infrastructure.
Data & Metadata creation
The data made available through PASDA is provided by our data partners to encourage the widespread sharing of geospatial data, eliminate the creation of redundant data sets, and to further build an inventory (through the development and hosting of metadata) of available data relevant to the Commonwealth. PASDA serves as a resource for locating data throughout the Commonwealth through its data storage, interactive mapping/webgis applications, and metadata/documentation efforts. PASDA services are provided free of charge to all users and data providers. The data on PASDA is provided by federal, state, local and regional government agencies, non-profit organizations, and academic institutions throughout the region.
Data updates to existing datasets come to PASDA at different intervals and are based on the update frequency of our data partners. Monthly, quarterly, and annual updates are the norm and include PennDOT, PA Department of Environmental Protection, PA Fish and Boat Commission, PA Department of Health, PA Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Chester County, Allegheny County, Lancaster County, City of Philadelphia, Southeast PA Transportation Authority, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission, PA DCNR Rivers Conservation Program, and the Natural Lands Trust.
The development of metadata on PASDA is one of the most important functions. The background of PASDA's metadata development has its origins in the development of the ANSI Z39.50 standard (also known as the ISO 23950 Search and Retrieval Protocol.) This protocol was originally designed for libraries to search and retrieve records from remote library catalogs. PASDA's goal is not only to meet the existing metadata standards but also to create metadata in a format that supports easy search and retrieval of data. In the early stages of PASDA's development the metadata was either in HTML or text format and was subsequently parsed with a metadata parser. PASDA was one of the first clearinghouses to implement the use of extensible markup language.
Services & Applications
PASDA provides direct access to download data via FTP. Currently, PASDA has approximately 60 terabytes of data for download including vector data, imagery, elevation and lidar. In addition to direct download, PASDA has developed multiple ways to access data. In 2000, PASDA was one of the first clearinghouses to address issues related to what is known as "clip, ship, and reproject"—a process by which large data sets can be clipped to a user specified geography, reprojected, and zipped for quick download. Subsequent advances, in particular the development of Internet Map Services, have, in part, eliminated the need for these specialized services.
One of the most important developments in GIS in the past decade has been the ability to create Internet Map Services—also known simply as map services. Map services allow users to consume or pull in data to their GIS software without actually having to download it thereby saving download time and storage space. Map services have been some of the most heavily used features on PASDA and support multiple types of web based GIS applications.
In addition to downloading data and creating map services, many GIS clearinghouses also have created web based GIS applications. The applications available through PASDA include the Pennsylvania Atlas—a data visualization and download app, the Pennsylvania Imagery Navigator—a data visualization, search and retrieval app for imagery and LIDAR, and the Pennsylvania Mine Map Atlas.
The Pennsylvania Mine Map Atlas is a joint project of PASDA and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. This Mine Map Atlas provides access to thousands of scanned, georeferenced underground mine maps in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It allows users to view their homes and see if any mines are beneath those homes. The purpose of this effort is to identify houses and other structures at risk of mine subsidence, ground movement caused by the collapse of old, abandoned mines. The final number of mine maps that will be provided through this application is expected to near 100,000 individual maps.
Related Initiatives & Users
PASDA has participated in numerous national and international level initiatives since its beginnings in 1996.
PASDA was an original member of the ESRI Geography Network and ESRI's ArcGIS.com. In addition, PASDA metadata is harvested by multiple data portals including Geospatial One Stop, Data.gov, and the National Biological Information Infrastructure.
PASDA is an open data portal—meaning that is provides open, free, unrestricted access to data in multiple formats. PASDA provides data storage, data access and retrieval, and metadata services free of charge to its data providers because access to data drives economic development, conservation efforts, and collaboration. The data made available through PASDA is provided by data partners to encourage the widespread sharing of geospatial data, eliminate the creation of redundant data sets, and to further build an inventory (through the development and hosting of metadata) of available data relevant to the Commonwealth.
The PASDA user base is extensive. Users come from a broad spectrum of organizations and backgrounds, from teachers and citizens to businesses and government agencies—PASDA provides free access to data, applications, and customization tools to meet the needs of every user. PASDA saw a dramatic increase of use in almost every sector driven in part by factors such as Marcellus Shale exploration, environmental conservation, economic development initiatives, expanded use of geospatial data in universities, non profits, and the private sector, and the increased interest from average citizens who are able to access geospatial information via PASDA’s data previewer and KML files without the need for specialized GIS software.
The use of PASDA has continually increased over its history. In the past year, almost 2 million files were downloaded from the PASDA FTP site; while usage on the entire site topped 71 million hits, over 28 million page views, and over 1 million unique visitors. The PASDA web servers, which provide access to Internet Map Services and PASDA applications like the Imagery Navigator and PA Atlas supported over 57 million map views. The statistics this year demonstrate more than any other that there is a wide range of data that is of great interest to the user community. Data (and map services created from data) from partners at the PA Department of Environmental Protection, PennDOT, PA Fish and Boat Commission, PA Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Allegheny County, the DCNR PAMAP Program, and the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission received phenomenal use—with map service views and data downloads in the millions or hundreds of thousands.
In addition, PASDA has created highly significant applications and services that dramatically increase the value of the data available. The Imagery Navigator supported almost 6.3 million views and the Aerial Photo Cache supported almost 22.4 million views.
References
External links
PASDA homepage
Geospatial Technologies Office homepage
Pennsylvania State University Institutes of Energy and the Environment
PAMAP homepage
National Spatial Data Infrastructure
PaMagic homepage
PA's DEP GIS and Mapping section
Geographic data and information in the United States
Geography of Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Spatial%20Data%20Access |
Petra Georgina Yared (born 18 January 1979) is an Australian actress. She has also been credited as Petra Jared.
Early life
Yared was born in Melbourne to Rick and Shelley, having an older sister, Sara, and younger brother, Nicholas. Yared is of Lebanese descent. At nine, she took part in acting workshops at the National Theatre in Melbourne, going on to audition and gain small television roles. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History from the University of Melbourne, specialising in the history of the Middle East.
She began her career in children's television series including Sky Trackers and The Genie From Down Under 2.
Career
With a major role as Jo Tiegan, in the Australian-New Zealand television production Mirror, Mirror, she won the Australian Film Institute award for Best New Talent.
In 1996, she appeared in Neighbours as Georgia ("George") Brown. She returned to the soap in late 2007 in the recurring role of Mia Silvani.
Yared also had significant roles in series including Blue Heelers and The Secret Life of Us, and guest roles on All Saints (2008), City Homicide (2010), Rescue (2011) and Crownies (2011).
From 2002 to 2005, she was a main cast member on MDA, playing a friendly receptionist who was of the Baháʼí Faith. She plays FOCA analyst Joanne Peters, in Underbelly, episode "Badness".
Appearances in films include The Real Macaw and Journey to the Center of the Earth (1999).
She appeared in the Melbourne Theatre Company's stage production of Pride and Prejudice in Melbourne in 1999.
On being an actress, she says "I never know what type of role will appeal to me until I read the script, and then it's usually an instinctive response. I sometimes just 'get' the character immediately and I know how I want to play her". Being an actress, she says, allows her to explore different worlds, "whether it's trying to understand the psychology of someone suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder or researching a different religion or learning how to fire a gun."
Personal life
Yared is married to actor and playwright Travis Cotton. The couple have two children, Theodore (born 2011) and Vivien (born 2013). They live in Melbourne.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards
Australian Film Institute Young Actor Award 1996, for Mirror, Mirror
References
External links
Petra Yared website
1979 births
Australian people of Lebanese descent
Australian television actresses
Australian film actresses
Australian stage actresses
Living people
Actresses from Melbourne
Australian child actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petra%20Yared |
"Free for All" is an episode of the allegorical British science fiction TV series The Prisoner. It was written and directed by Patrick McGoohan (though he used the pseudonym "Paddy Fitz" for the writer credit) and the second episode to be produced. It was the fourth episode to be broadcast in the UK on ITV (ATV Midlands and Grampian) on Friday 20 October 1967 and first aired in the United States on CBS on Saturday 29 June 1968.
The episode stars Patrick McGoohan as Number Six and features Eric Portman as Number Two . The central theme of the episode is corruption and fraud in elections.
Plot summary
Number Six is persuaded to run for election to the post of Number Two when it is suggested to him by the new incumbent that, should he win, he will finally meet Number One. Number Fifty-Eight, a newly arrived young woman who speaks only an unidentified Slavic-sounding foreign language (really "a meaningless linguistic pastiche specially invented by the scriptwriters") is assigned to Number Six as his assistant, which she enthusiastically embraces, although he does not. Both men campaign for the office, with Number Six subversively offering freedom to the Village masses if he is elected. Number Six participates ambivalently, but abruptly makes a break for freedom himself in the midst of the campaign by escaping in a motorboat. He is retrieved on the water by Rover while he robotically mouths campaign platitudes.
Number Six and Number Two drink and commiserate in a cave where illegal liquor is distilled and Number Two states that he detests The Village. Number Six is again repeatedly drugged and coerced into accepting the campaign, and wins the election when virtually all the robotic "citizens" vote for him. As he and Number Fifty-Eight go to the Green Dome to take command of the Village, she agitates him by playing with the buttons on the control panel before brutally slapping him around times with surprising strength, then stunning him with bright lighting. As Number Six becomes somewhat more lucid and attempts to broadcast to the Villagers that they are free to go, he is beaten by a group of mechanics in coveralls, and Number Fifty-Eight, now speaking perfect English, reveals herself as the real incoming Number Two, while the previous Number Two prepares to head out. She asks her departing predecessor to give her "regards to the homeland".
Cast
Eric Portman . . . Incumbent Number Two
Rachel Herbert . . . Number Fifty-Eight / Incoming Number Two
George Benson . . . Labour Exchange manager
Harold Berens . . . Reporter
John Cazabon . . . Man in cave
Dene Cooper . . . Photographer
Kenneth Benda . . . Supervisor
Holly Doone . . . Waitress
Peter Brace . . . 1st Mechanic
Alf Joint . . . 2nd Mechanic
Fenella Fielding . . . The Announcer/Telephone Operator (voice only)
Notes
The photograph of Number Six on his election poster is the same as that used for his former role as a spy that is seen being filed away at the beginning of almost all episodes. It was also, at the time, actor Patrick McGoohan's official publicity picture.
Although there is no strict or established running order for the series, Six's line "I'm new here!" indicates that this story is an early one, probably taking place after 'Arrival' and 'Dance Of The Dead' as #3 of the 17 episodes.
Two scenes were edited prior to the transmission of the episode. The first was an extension of the nightclub scene, showing Six further losing his temper and loudly singing the 'Vote For Me' song heard in the cave scene. The second was a removal of the worst of the beating Six receives at the end of the story. This scene was restored to its proper length for reruns and home media releases, whereas the deleted nightclub footage appears to have been lost.
Broadcast
The broadcast date of the episode varied in different ITV regions of the UK. The episode was first shown at 7:30pm on Friday 20 October 1967 on ATV Midlands and Grampian Television, on Sunday 22 October on ATV London, Southern Television, Westward Television and Tyne-Tees; on Thursday 26 October on Scottish Television, on Friday 27 October on Anglia Television, on Thursday 9 November on Border Television and on Friday 17 November on Granada Television in the North West. The aggregate viewing figures for the ITV regions that debuted the season in 1967 have been estimated at 11.1 million. In Northern Ireland, the episode did not debut until Saturday 27 January 1968, and in Wales, the episode was not broadcast until Wednesday 28 January 1970.
In the United States, the episode aired on the CBS Television Network at 7:30 pm EDT on June 29, 1968.
References
Sources
– script of episode
External links
The Prisoner episodes
1967 British television episodes
Television episodes about elections
fr:Liberté pour tous (Le Prisonnier)
it:Episodi de Il prigioniero#La campagna elettorale | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20for%20All%20%28The%20Prisoner%29 |
The Sherman Minton Bridge is a double-deck through arch bridge spanning the Ohio River, carrying I-64 and US 150 over the river between Kentucky and Indiana. The bridge connects the west side of Louisville, Kentucky to downtown New Albany, Indiana.
History
In 1952 the "Second Street Bridge" was reaching peak traffic, and the K&I Bridge faring similarly. Arthur W. Grafton commissioned two studies in 1952 and 1953, with their results being a need for two bridges in Louisville; one crossing to Jeffersonville, Indiana, and the other to New Albany. Hoosiers as far as Scottsburg, Indiana ( away) were vastly against making any bridges toll, and many residents of Louisville were against toll bridges as well. When the Interstate Highway System was announced by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the solution became clear. The Federal government would finance 90% of both bridges, with Indiana paying 10% of the New Albany bridge, and Kentucky paying 10% of the Jeffersonville bridge.
The New Albany bridge was given to Hazelet & Erdal, of Louisville to design in 1956. Construction began in June 1959. The lower deck was dedicated and opened on December 22, 1961, by Indiana Governor Matthew Welsh and Kentucky Governor Bert T. Combs. It was built at a cost of $14.8 million. At the time it was dedicated, it was named the Louisville-New Albany Bridge. New Albany Mayor C. Pralle Erni suggested to Indiana State Senator Clifford H. Maschmeyer of Clarksville to name the new bridge for the former United States Senator and Supreme Court justice Sherman Minton. On April 4, 1962, Indiana governor Matthew E. Welsh made the formal announcement that it would be named for Minton, who was a native of New Albany. The upper deck was completed on September 1, 1962, and opened that day at 11:00 AM without ceremonies. The American Institute of Steel Construction in 1961 named it the most beautiful long-span bridge of the year.
On February 5, 2009, a fifteen container coal barge lost power and was pushed downstream by the current and struck the bridge's central pier. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) closed the bridge for several hours while it was inspected for damage. When no damage was found, the bridge was reopened later the same day.
Closure of 2011–2012
On September 9, 2011, Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels ordered the bridge closed. This was done after construction crews found cracks in the main load-bearing structural element. Experts from INDOT, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and private engineering firms and academic institutions participated in determining the severity of this crack and others found on the bridge, and determine whether the bridge could be saved.
It was initially feared the bridge would remain closed from several months to up to 3 years, and that the entire span would have to be either completely replaced or extensively renovated before the Sherman Minton Bridge could reopen to traffic. However, engineers determined the crack that initiated the bridge closure dated back to the bridge's original construction in the 1960s, but had not been discovered until the summer of 2011 because another structural component was covering it. On September 23, 2011, Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear and US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood announced the 2.5-inch crack has been repaired, but the bridge would remain closed until crews completed an inspection of the remainder of the bridge. Five to seven additional cracks were discovered during the following inspection in welded areas in a load-bearing steel beam. "The fissures were discovered in a type of steel frequently used in the 1950s and 1960s that is now known to be susceptible to cracking. ...". This necessitated the bridge being closed for an extended period of time for repairs. Repairs cost $20 million and ultimately took four months to complete.
In a news release from the Indiana Department of Transportation, dated October 18, 2011, Governor Mitch Daniels announced that Louisville based Hall Contracting of Kentucky had been awarded the repairs contract in the amount of $13.9 million. A time frame of 135 work days was announce with an incentive of $100,000 per day to finish early. Likewise, a penalty of $100,000 would be deducted from the contract payments for each day over. Repair cost were covered by the Federal Highway Administration, who announced on September 30, 2011, that it would contribute 25% of the cost, with the remaining 75% being equally split between Indiana and Kentucky.
The contract attached of reinforcing steel plating along both sides of the bridge ties spanning . The repairs along with regular maintenance increased the bridge's safety and reliability and extend its useful life by at least 20 years.
Repairs were completed and the Sherman Minton Bridge reopened at 11:50 pm on February 17, 2012.
Potential impact of tolling I-65 bridges
The bridge has been expected to see major increases in traffic following the completion of the Ohio River Bridges Project at the end of 2016. The project included repurposing the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge, which previously carried I-65 in both directions, for southbound traffic only; building the new Abraham Lincoln Bridge for northbound I-65 traffic; and building the Lewis and Clark Bridge to connect I-265 in the two states. The two I-65 crossings and the I-265 bridge are tolled to pay for the project, leaving the Sherman Minton as the only free interstate-quality river crossing in the Louisville area. One consultant who worked on a transportation study for the Kentucky government predicted that traffic on the Sherman Minton would increase by nearly 40% once tolling on the other bridges started.
Construction
The bridge is a double-deck configuration—westbound traffic from Kentucky to Indiana travels on the upper deck of the bridge, while eastbound traffic from Indiana into Kentucky travels on the lower deck of the bridge. It is of similar construction to the Hernando de Soto Bridge in Memphis, Tennessee (with the primary difference being that the de Soto Bridge is single-deck).
The steel used was T1 steel, which in the early 1960s was "innovative material" but is much weaker than modern steel. Classification of the bridge is "fracture critical" because if one part of the bridge should fail, the entire bridge could be at risk.
See also
List of crossings of the Ohio River
List of bridges in the United States
Ohio River Bridges Project
List of longest arch bridge spans
Cityscape of Louisville, Kentucky
References
'Works cited
External links
Sherman Minton Bridge at Bridge Hunter
Sherman Minton Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels
Sherman Minton Bridge at Kentucky Roads
Briefing (video): Sherman Minton Bridge repairs to take six months, cost $20M (October 1, 2011)
Forum to discuss the bridge
Bridges completed in 1962
Minton
Bridges over the Ohio River
Buildings and structures in New Albany, Indiana
Double-decker bridges
Interstate 64
Through arch bridges in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Floyd County, Indiana
U.S. Route 150
Road bridges in Indiana
Road bridges in Kentucky
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Steel bridges in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman%20Minton%20Bridge |
2000s fashion is often described as a global mash up, where trends saw the fusion of vintage styles, global and ethnic clothing (e.g. boho), as well as the fashions of numerous music-based subcultures. Hip-hop fashion generally was the most popular among young people of all sexes, followed by the retro inspired indie look later in the decade.
Those usually age 25 and older adopted a dressy casual style which was popular throughout the decade. Globalization also influenced the decade's clothing trends, with the incorporation of Middle Eastern and Asian dress into mainstream European, American, and Australasian fashion. Furthermore, eco-friendly and ethical clothing, such as recycled fashions and fake fur, were prominent in the decade.
In the early 2000s, many mid and late 1990s fashions remained fashionable around the globe, while simultaneously introducing newer trends. The later years of the decade saw a large-scale revival of clothing designs primarily from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
General trends
The rise of fast fashion
The early to mid-2000s saw a rise in the consumption of fast fashion: affordable off-the-peg high street clothing based on the latest high fashion designs. With its low cost appeal driven by trends straight off the runway, fast fashion was a significant factor in the fashion industry's growth. As affordable clothing became even more important in the entrance to the new age, brands started to develop strategies to keep up with consumers' new spending habits.
During the year 1999, department stores such as Macy's, J.C. Penney, Kohl's and more had sales totaling $230 billion. In the years that followed, that number began to fall. By the early 2000s, the rise of online retail and in-store fast fashion caused department store sales to dwindle as retailers offered new styles quicker than ever before. Retail giants of the new millennium included H&M, Forever 21, and Zara. Target found major success in collaborating with various fashion designers to create affordable designer pieces, making them available to the average consumer.
This trend in fast fashion allowed shoppers to own designer items at lower prices, and also allowed the production and public normalization of copycat styles. Designers noticed that their designs were being copied, and many designers began to adapt; in 2004, the retailer H&M, a prominent fast fashion brand, collaborated with fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld to introduce a one-time collection which proved to be a huge success, as women flocked to H&M stores to own a piece of the designer's 30 selections available in the collection.
Stores such as Wet Seal and American Apparel are said to be "American precursors to the fast fashion empire". As well as the retail stores Hollister, Abercrombie & Fitch and possibly on a much smaller scale Limited Too, but in the end, stores like Forever 21 were better able to stay on top of the retail game.
Ethics
The ethics of fast fashion has been the topic of numerous debates and questioning of business practices. Producing fashion at such fast rates involves less than secure worker conditions, and non-livable wages for the laborers. It also involves a lot of waste. Americans throw out 14 million tons of clothing a year, with the help of fast fashion. Retailers like Forever 21 and H&M have come under fire, not only for their wasteful fast fashion practices that have grown steadily since the beginning of 2000, but for the involvement of cheap labor. The appeal of fast fashion lies in the copying of higher end brands; however, after something is no longer trendy it is on to the next, leaving clothes to go to waste, and workers to continue to live on unlivable wages.
Socio-economics and the logo purse
At the same time that fast fashion became able to supply vast quantities of imitation luxury goods, Western income inequalities had risen steadily. To create an image of belonging to a higher income consumer group, people sought real or copied branded items of "high fashion" items. In haute couture, designers were becoming increasingly inspired by pop culture and street style. These designs could succeed in high fashion because some top percentile earners wanted to present as being less wealthy: to communicate "street cred" or equality ideals. In addition, designer street style enabled the few social climbers that did exist (in entertainment industry, for example), to show that they valued their roots. The tensions of income inequalities and fast fashion therefore led to the blending of street style and haute couture, so that the designer logo was seen boldly printed on all types of clothing, particularly items that needed to be replaced less often, such as a purse or pair of sunglasses. A logo purse was a visual unifier, worn by celebrities, models and "middle class" shoppers (who, because of growing income inequalities, earned increasingly less than habitual haute couture customers). Thanks to outlet stores and plentiful supplies of fast fashion "knock-offs", a logo purse became available to everyone. For the majority of shoppers, a branded purse was a form of escapism; a unifying factor that let people forget how much money they made, and present themselves as being like the rest.
As the decade went on, it became increasingly popular to mix designer and fast fashion clothing. In response, a counter-culture of vintage and thrift clothing - not a new phenomenon, but not yet part of the mainstream either began to re-establish itself in some areas, growing in popularity after the hit of the 2008/9 recession.
Women's fashion
Early 2000s (2000–2002)
Y2K fashion
Fashion in the 2000s was profoundly influenced by technology. Around this time, there was a monochromatic futuristic approach to fashion, with metallics, shiny blacks, heavy use of gray, straps, and buckles becoming commonplace. Y2K fashion, as it came to be known as, aimed to reflect the sleek appearance of its era's new technology. When the original iPod was introduced in 2001, the white earbuds, as well as the gadget itself, became something of an accessory for early adopters.
Particular pieces of Y2K clothing included mesh tops, wraparound sunglasses, wireframe rectangle glasses, box-pleated skirts, handkerchief tops (often in a metallic pattern such as silver or gold for a disco feel), satin skirts, leather skirts, concert t-shirts with rhinestones, sparkling shoes, halter tops, sequined pants (popularized by Peter Morrissey), and embroidered and sequined tops (inspired by Easton Pearson), along with the famous pearl printed black cocktail dress by Karen Walker, which was successful worldwide.
In the year 2000, some examples of the casual women's and girl's fashion trends were oversized sunglasses, mini shoulder handbags/purses, aviator sunglasses, oversized hoop earrings, jeans worn in various ways (such as mid-rise, boot-cut, fabric accents down the sides, fabric accents sewn into the flares, lace-up sides and tie-dye), wedge flip flops, hot pants, denim jackets, chunky sweaters, pashmina scarves, Skechers, belly shirts, and tube tops.
Casual chic
In Africa, Europe, North America, East Asia, South America, and Oceania, the early 2000s saw the continuation of many mid and late 1990s fashions due to the continued influence of teen pop stars such as Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, such as the military look, while introducing newer more vaguely dystopian post modern trends. From 2001 onwards, women wore long-sleeved shirts with bell sleeves, cowl-neck tops, crop tops, Burberry, hoodies, flare jeans, hip-huggers, low rise pants, white jeans, whale tails, cargo pants (especially ones made out of silk, satin, and velvet) hip-hop inspired sweatpants, daisy dukes, thong underwear, and solid bright-colored tights.
9/11 and the mortgage crisis of 2008 impacted fashion by bringing in a new wave of conservatism. This created a rise in denim, the American fabric of the working person. Jeans became acceptable in every situation, from the supermarket to the red carpet. It was a slow shift to conservatism, seen in how jeans started low-rise in reflection of the free-spirited Y2K style and moved through various waistlines and leg widths. As mentioned with the social classes, corporate logos became a form of stability and comfort in fashion. There was a sense of unity in the country because all kinds of people were buying the same brands and sporting the same American companies.
Possibly in reaction to the streamlined, futuristic, outer space-themed Y2K styles of the year 2000, distressed denim became popular in America from 2001 to 2008. Pants became lower waisted and significantly more flared than they were previously, and often featured elaborate embroidery rather than the utilitarian, no-frills style of before. In the UK, it was popular for women to wear skirts over trousers, floral print shift dresses, and colors like black, purple and pink. Big, chunky shoes and sandals were popular, with thick wedge heels and imitation leather straps decorated with floral embroidery, while previously successful sneaker brands like Skechers declined in popularity.
First-wave 1980s revival
Although the 1980s fashion revival wasn't in full swing until 2001, the first movement had started in the late 1990s and continued into the early 2000s. This first wave primarily focused on the early 1980s. Such trends that emerged during this period included denim miniskirts, ripped "distressed" jeans, denim jackets, tracksuits, trench coats (often in pleather), puffy jackets (revived by Hip-Hop artists), and preppy polo shirts with popped collars. These remained popular until about 2008 when the revival of late 1980s fashions occurred.
European and American women and girls wore low-top sneakers, such as Skechers, Heelys, Adidas shoes, Reebok shoes, and Nike, as well as knee-high boots with spiked heels and pointed toes (or conversely, thick low heels and round or square toes). Popular accessories of the early 2000s include white belts, aviator sunglasses, trucker hats, hoop earrings, block heeled mary janes, leg warmers (worn with mini skirts), ugg boots, flip-flops, jelly shoes, lace-up sandals, newsboy caps, ponchos, and jelly bracelets.
Sex and the City
The American television series Sex and the City impacted how women cared about fashion and how they shopped. The show depicted women as empowered consumers, each with their own independent styles that shopped based on what they wanted, not what they were told to wear. The main characters became fashion icons, inspiring window displays, fashion lines, magazines, and women globally. Carrie Bradshaw, the main character, is credited for making Manolo Blahnik a household name from her obsession with the Spanish designer's high-heeled shoes. Trends inspired by the show include stilettos, designer handbags (with two episodes centered around the latest "It bag"), large fabric flowers, and berets.
Mid 2000s (2003–2006)
It items and 1960s revival
It items were very popular in the 2000s, particularly the early and middle years. Examples of some highly sought-after It items of the mid-2000s included Kate Spade wallets, Prada sneakers, Christian Dior saddle bags, designer-brand jeans such as True Religion low-rise boot-cut jeans and 7 for all Mankind skinny jeans, Juicy Couture velour tracksuits, Balenciaga cargo pants, Von Dutch trucker hats, and Takashi Murakami's collaboration with Louis Vuitton for their iconic It bag.
Popular mid 2000s trends for women were embroidered low-rise jeans, yoga pants, thong underwear, cowl-neck tops, tube tops, denim jackets, bell-sleeved shirts, jean shorts, crop tops, whale tails, tracksuits, cargo pants, capri pants, trench coats, puffy jackets, longer tank tops worn with a main blouse or shirt, infantile dresses, 1940s inspired New Look dresses and sandals, leggings, 1960s style peacoats, tunics worn with wide or thin belts, and "vintage clothing" including hippie and Boho inspired dresses with paisley patterns. Crocs were a brief fad for all sexes in the summer of 2006, despite their kitsch connotations, and in 2006 the minidress made a comeback with the hemlines being unusually short.
Introduced in 2005, skinny jeans became popular in 2006. High heeled shoes were replaced with ballet flats, Sperry Top-Siders, Converse Chucks, and the Keds popularized by Mischa Barton.
Popular accessories included trucker hats, aviator sunglasses, small red glass or pearl drop earrings rather than the large hoop earrings of the early 2000s, jelly bracelets, knee-high boots with pointed toes, uggs, Heelys, platform boots, ballet flats, mary janes, studded belts, shutter shades, crucifixes and rosaries, large silver belt buckles with rhinestones, black nail polish, fairtrade African bangles, Native American beaded jewelry, Indian and Middle Eastern slave bracelets, purity rings, small leather handbags, small scarves, and simple jewelry made from recycled eco friendly materials like hemp, wood, sea shells, glass, seeds, and white metal.
Military influences
From 2005 until the end of the decade, more elaborate military inspired clothing became a unisex trend in Britain. Due to the popularity of the Pirates of the Caribbean films, and a resurgence of interest in 1980s fashion, teen and college age women frequently wore cavalier boots, Greek fisherman's caps, jewelry with anchor motifs, leather look drainpipe trousers, frilly satin poet shirts, sashes, harem pants, braided hussar jackets, and dress uniforms with epaulets inspired by female pop stars, British indie/garage rock band The Libertines and MCR's The Black Parade.
African clothing
Throughout the mid and late 2000s, women's clothing in Africa comprised either brightly colored kente cloth or mudcloth traditional dress such as the boubou, pagne, and doek, or secondhand Western dress donated and distributed by British and American charities. Mitumba clothing had been imported into Tanzania and Kenya since the economic liberalisation of the early 1990s, and was more desirable than newly made Chinese textiles due to its higher quality of construction and recognizable brand labels.
Late 2000s (2007–2009)
Carry over styles
Many early and mid 2000s fashions remained fashionable in 2007; This included items such as denim miniskirts, whale tail, hip-huggers, boot-cut jeans, tank-tops, ripped jeans, hoodies, cargo pants, white belts, cropped jackets, capris, infantile dresses, boho-chic, and Crocs.
Second wave 1980s revival
In the late 2000s, there was a large scale 1980s revival in Europe and the US, which incorporated general items of late 1980s and early 1990s streetwear, such as neon colors, gladiator sandals, boat shoes especially Sperrys, animal print or polka dot headbands, knitted sweater dresses, Nike Tempo shorts, jean skirts with tights or capri leggings, Wonderbra and sloggi underwear, sundresses, geometric pattern tops, slap bracelets, ballet flats, black spandex leggings, pale denim jeggings, oversized shirts, sweaters, and sweatshirts worn with leggings, light, translucent tartan shirts worn with a camisole underneath, kinky boots, riding boots, ripped acid wash skinny jeans, and neon leg warmers worn with bare legs and a dress or skirt. In America, the crop tops that exposed the navel were replaced with longer camisole tops, boat neck blouses and mid rise pants, and miniskirts were replaced with longer dresses like the babydoll, bubble skirt, skater dress, and sweater dress popularly worn with ankle or capri length leggings or tights and ballet flats or sometimes Keds, low cut Converse Chucks or Uggs. Long, baggy empire line shirts were taken in at the bustline and often paired with a belt. Fur coats made a comeback, although many women used "fish fur" due to real fur's association with animal cruelty.
The canary yellow dress Reese Witherspoon wore to the Golden Globes helped establish that hue as a signature color in 2007.
Eastern and fairtrade fashion
Summer 2007 saw a resurgence of interest in ethnic fashion from India and the Middle East, including harem pants, embroidered kurti, silk sashes, sarongs, gypsy tops, and the saree as young British and American women discovered Bollywood cinema and belly dancing, popularized by Shakira.
In Britain and the US, some younger women and teen girls, especially those affiliated with the scene subculture and geek chic, became influenced by Japanese street fashion due to the media coverage of Japanese popular culture and J-pop music from 2005 to 2009. Although a small minority wore anime or manga inspired sailor dresses, kawaii or full Gothic Lolita outfits, most incorporated a single garment such as striped neon knee socks, petticoats, rainbow dresses, knitted leg warmers, hair bows, silk floral kimono pajamas, unisex brands like A Bathing Ape, and cupcake, cherry or Hello Kitty jewelry for an ageless, child or doll-like appearance.
Activist chic
In Britain and Australia, Middle Eastern shemaghs were worn as scarves as a protest against the Iraq War and demonstration of solidarity with the Palestinians.
In 2007, Che Guevara chic was popular in Europe and Latin America, with olive green fatigue jackets, boonie hats, berets, and T-shirts featuring red stars or the face of the famous revolutionary.
Men's fashion
Early 2000s (2000–2002)
Y2K fashion
At the beginning of the decade, the excitement of entering the new millennium had become evident in fashion in the first couple of years and it was becoming a new era. However, this was only prominent in nightclubs and "going out" attire. Clothing was mostly made in black, though silver was also fashionable. An example of this would be a tracksuit, Rockport boots, a dress shirt, a pair of pants, a camp shirt, or a jacket in a fancy metallic pattern for going out; while also including of items such as leather coats and pants, puffy vests, jackets, ribbed sweaters, shirts, and chunky dress shoes, usually in futuristic colors such as black, silver, light gray, and white. It lasted from late 1999 until late 2001.
Leisurewear
After the events of 9/11, fashion became more conservative, forgoing the futuristic styles of before. Distressed denim made a comeback, with sandblasted highlights, frosted jeans, ripped jeans, and whiskering becoming commonplace. A lower rise jean had emerged during this part of the decade, effectively getting rid of the high-waisted styles of the 1990s.
Generally, many fashion trends from 1995 onwards continued to be worn in the early years of the decade. Newer fashion trends in the early 2000s included wearing sportswear and military wear as everyday clothes. This included tracksuits, light-colored polo shirts (sometimes striped and with collars popped), cargo pants (even ones made out of linen during warmer months), khaki chinos, bootcut jeans, corduroy pants, and rugby shirts. Practical hiking jackets (of the type made by Berghaus), fleeces, puffer jackets, and padded tartan lumberjack-type shirts were worn as winter outerwear along with brown, grey, burgundy, rust, maroon, or forest green turtleneck sweaters, and odd navy blue, stone grey, beige, or natural linen sportcoats that fastened with three buttons. These fashions continued into the 2003-2008
Men's Accessories of the early 2000s included white belts, Aviator sunglasses, trucker hats, flip-flops, oxford shoes, argyle socks (usually worn over tracksuit bottoms), Rockport boots, sneakers from brands such as Nike, Adidas, and Puma, baseball caps (bearing the logos of football, soccer, basketball, and baseball teams), and jelly bracelets.
Asian fashions
From 2001 onwards, Astrakhan caps, kufis and the pakol were fashionable among Muslim men in Afghanistan, Pakistan, France and Italy. In India, traditional rustic male attire such as the dhoti and Lungi declined in popularity among the younger generation in favor of Westernised fashions such as Levi Strauss or Arvind Mills jeans, cargo pants, shorts, tracksuits, and sneakers.
Mid 2000s (2003–2006)
1960s revival
In the mid-2000s, retro fashions inspired by British indie pop, garage rock revivalist groups, and the 1960s mod culture gained mainstream popularity. From 2003 to 2006, common items of clothing in the US and Europe included bootcut jeans with a light wash, wide-leg pants, cargo pants, cargo shorts, camp shirts with elaborate designs, vintage Classic rock T-shirts, throwback uniforms, T-shirts bearing retro pre-1980 advertisements or street art, army surplus dress uniforms, paisley shirts, Mod-style velvet sportcoats, parkas, windbreakers Harris tweed jackets, and fitted 1970s-style Western shirts with pearl snaps (popularized by blues-rock band the White Stripes).
Retro movie inspirations
In 2004, men's fashion was inspired by movies from the 1960s and 1980s. Of particular inspiration were the movies Top Gun, Bullitt, and Midnight Cowboy. The clothes which were derived from these movies included Henley shirts, muscle shirts, hoodies, cargo pants, American football shirts, aviator jackets, cable-knit sweaters, khakis, seersucker suits, western shirts, blazers, and peacoats.
Popular men's accessories of the mid-2000s included black brogue shoes, square-toed Steve Madden ankle boots, Adidas sneakers, loafers, casual shoes, Oxford dress shoes, Converse All Stars, winklepickers (taken to extremes by individuals within the Mexican cholo and lowrider subcultures), flip-flops, chokers, puka shell necklaces, shell bracelets, hemp jewelry, charity bracelets, trucker hats, and earrings.
Business suits
In the UK workplace, black, navy or charcoal pinstripe three-buttoned office suits remained common, but Nehru suits or mandarin collar shirts inspired by the Beatles, James Bond, and science fiction movies like the Matrix, were a popular alternative from 2003 to 2006. In the US, men favored the smart casual look, with striped purple dress shirts, flat front charcoal chinos, beige cardigans, argyle pullovers, black or brown leather blazers, and houndstooth sportcoats.
Late 2000s (2007–2009)
Throwback fashions
In the late 2000s, 1950s and 1980s fashions became popular: Letterman jackets, black leather jackets like the Perfecto, windbreakers, dashiki or Hawaiian shirts, ski jackets, slim and straight leg jeans, wool topcoats, Ed Hardy T-shirts with low necklines, neon colors inspired by the rave scene, roll sleeve tartan flannel shirts worn with white T-shirts, cardigans and knitted V-neck sweaters.
In the late 2000s, common accessories worn by men included retro Patek Philippe, Casio G-Shock and Rolex wristwatches, Ray Ban Wayfarers and Aviator sunglasses, and geek chic inspired horn rimmed glasses. Desirable footwear in Europe and America included Sperry Top-Siders, Keds, motorcycle boots, Nike Air Jordans, checkerboard pattern Vans, and Converse All-Stars.
Ed Hardy
Due to the mainstream acceptance of body modification, T-shirts, baseball caps and hoodies featuring vintage tattoo designs were desirable items in the US, Britain and India, where they were worn with black leather jackets, oversized belt buckles, gold chains, and dark slim-fit jeans by celebrity trendsetters such as Jon Gosselin or the cast of Jersey Shore. V-neck T-shirts and graphic printed hoodies became popular among younger British men, in contrast to the designer brands with prominent logos previously worn by the chav subculture. Ed Hardy T-shirts, often embellished with rhinestones, were fashionable from late 2008 until the mid-2010s, when they fell out of favour due to their unintended popularity among young clubgoers stereotyped for being thugs, jocks or guidos.
Slim-fit suits
In the European workplace, the cut of suits changed, as the three buttoned jackets popular in the 1990s were replaced with 1950s inspired suits comprising a two-buttoned blazer and matching trousers while in the US the power suit made a comeback. Single-breasted European suits sometimes featured contrasting Edwardian style piping on the lapels and were often worn with slim ties and waistcoats.
Youth fashion
Youth fashion was strongly influenced by many music-based subcultures such as emo, indie kids, scene kids, psychobilly, preppy, skater, goth, nu metal (known as moshers in the UK), ravers and hip hop, including the British chav, US gangsta rapper and Mexican Cholo styles of the early 2000s.
Hip hop
The clothing of American hip hop fans underwent an evolution from the sagging baggy gangster jeans of the late 1990s to a more retro look by the end of the decade. Popular items of clothing included wide leg jeans, baseball jackets, Nike Air Jordans, tracksuits, sweatpants, bucket hats, stunna shades, fur-lined puffer jackets, and flat-brim trucker hats or baseball caps (often retaining the store label).
During the early 2000s, many wealthy white jocks and preppies imitated the gangsta lifestyle, eschewing the semi-formal conservative look of the 1980s and 90s in favor of gold bling, expensive designer clothes, sneakers, dark jeans, and sweatpants. Rich girls who dressed this way were known as Queen Bees, plastics, or airheads, and believed their designer clothing was key to being popular.
Another common American subculture were the cholos and chicanos who wore baggy khaki slacks, gold chains, white T-shirts, and slicked back hair or shaved heads in imitation of Mexican prison gangs.
Chavs and moshers
In the early 2000s, the most common British subcultures were the chavs and skate punks who had a (sometimes violent) rivalry. Chavs favored hip hop fashions like tracksuits, burberry baseball caps, white Nike or Adidas trainers, and cheap sportswear made by Reebok or Puma. Common haircuts included spiky hair, a fauxhawk, a heavily gelled quiff, or (for girls) a Croydon facelift.
The skaters (nicknamed grebos or moshers) had long hair or dreadlocks and wore grunge inspired padded flannel overshirts and baggy pants as these were less likely to rip when skateboarding. Popular clothing included No Fear T-shirts, webbing belts, army surplus patrol caps, band T-shirts, dog tags, shark tooth necklaces, camouflage cargo pants, carpenter jeans, tuques, and fingerless gloves in dark colors like black, olive drab, burgundy, and navy blue. From 2001 to 2008, brands favoured by British skaters and their American counterparts included Quiksilver, Inc., Bape hoodies, Volcom, Element Skateboards, Billabong International Limited, Zoo York Skateboard Company, O'Neill, Bullhead jeans, Vans sneakers, Pacific Sunwear and Journeys.
Nu metal, rave, and goth
In America, common subcultures of the early 2000s included the nu metal fans and goths who wore black leather duster coats and tripp pants.
In the rave subculture, fashion trends that had developed in the 1990s persisted. Some ravers favored spiky hair and phat pants, while members of the cybergoth and rivethead subcultures opted for shaved heads, synthetic neon dreadlocks, camouflage, tight leather pants, chains, platform boots, stretched body piercings, sleeve tattoos, goggles, corsets, PVC or leather skirts, and black trenchcoats decorated with metal studs.
Psychobilly and rockabilly
From the early-mid-2000s, black leather jackets, cowboy boots and Levi's jeans were popular in Scandinavia, Russia and Germany among the hot rod, psychobilly and rockabilly subcultures. Common hairstyles included the quiff, pompadour, and psychobilly mohican.
Later in the decade, it was popular for women to dress like 1950s pin-up girls in polkadot dresses, pencil skirts, sheath dresses, capri pants, platform heels, 1940s style sandals, retro lingerie like garter belts, stockings, babydolls, petticoats, slips, and corsets, and (real or fake) old school tattoos. This trend, popularised by models like Dita Von Teese, gave rise to the popularity among all sexes of Ed Hardy clothing which lasted from 2007 until 2012.
Indie and emo
In 2005, indie pop fashions went mainstream in Europe and North America, prompting a revival of 1960s mod and British Invasion fashions, vintage or thrift store clothing, and the popularization of activist fashions like the keffiyeh. The closely related hipster subculture, which wore vintage clothing ironically rather than as a counterculture statement, emerged in America in the late 2000s to early 2010s. Other subcultures, including American preppies and even rappers like Kanye West, imitated indie fashions or combined them with elements of Japanese street style, like the Harajuku and Lolita fashion popularized by Gwen Stefani.
The other notable youth group of the mid-late 2000s were the emo kids, identifiable by their black or purple hoodies, T-shirts featuring rock bands like Fall Out Boy, My Chemical Romance, or Taking Back Sunday. Lowrise skinny jeans, snakebites, silver jewellery, and checkerboard pattern Vans. Hair was thin, flat and straight, with long, matte bangs (US) or fringe (UK), usually dyed black.
Scene kids
By early 2009 the most conspicuous subculture was the "scene kids.". The style, originally comprising tripp pants, stripes, tartan, spiky hair, Chucks, Vans, and trucker hats derived from grunge and skate punk fashion, evolved to incorporate androgynous, matted, flat and straight hair sometimes dyed bright colors, tight jeans, cartoon print hoodies, shutter shades, promise rings, checked shirts, and many bright colors. The name was originally derived from "scene queen", a derogatory term within the 1970s glam rock scene for a heterosexual musician who pretended to be gay and later applied to poseurs within the UK goth, heavy metal and punk subcultures. Later, "scene queen" itself was adopted by leading female members of the modern subculture who were unaware of its original meaning, like supermodel Audrey Kitching.
Preppy
Items seen in the late 2000s for preppy youth, teens, and college age included footwear Sperrys, Keds, ballet flats, Converse Chucks, Uggs, riding boots, especially worn with knee socks or legwarmers slouch at the top of the boots, Hunter rain boots, and other white casual sneakers. Items worn included skirts and dresses such as pleated skirts, skater skirts, skater dresses, babydoll dresses, bubble skirts, jeans skirts, 2fer leggings and skirt combo, sweater dresses, skimp dresses and belted shirt dresses with ankle or capri leggings, footless or footed opaque tights. Also oversized shirts, sweaters and sweatshirts worn with leggings, polo shirts, layered short sleeve polo or t-shirts with a long sleeved shirt under, argyle print clothing including sweaters, knee socks, headbands, etc., cardigans, skinny jeans and colored jeans, translucent tartan shirts worn with a camisole underneath, cropped sweaters, jeggings, neon and pastel colored socks, Nike tempo shorts, dressy shorts, headbands and headwraps.
2000s beauty trends
Hairstyles
Women
In the early 2000s, women's hair was often long and straight. The early 2000s featured "zig-zag partings", in which the hairline is parted in a zig-zag fashion. Hair lengths varied from below the earlobes at the shortest to just below the shoulders at the longest. From 1995 until 2008 highlights and lowlights made of blonde, red, and light brown went mainstream. In 2000, highlights were soft and subtle for a sun-kissed look. In 2002 bold and unblended highlights called "chunky highlights" burst onto the scene. This trend was kickstarted by Kelly Clarkson during her time on American Idol, lasting until 2006. The early 2000s also continued the Farrah Fawcett hairstyle revival of the late 1990s. Crimped hair was popular in the early and mid 2000s.
For black women, cornrows, dreadlocks and curly weaves were popular until the late 2000s, when toned-down versions of the Afro, Jheri curl and short pixie cuts were popularized by artists like Janet Jackson and Rihanna. Another popular hairstyle throughout the decade was the braid, rejuvenated by the likes of Alicia Keys and Lauren Conrad. Throughout the early and middle years braids and plaits would often be meticulously put in intricate patterns and would purposely be styled as a way to blend in better with women's clothing styles.
In the mid-2000s, many women favored the bob haircut, as well as its longer version, the long bob or "the lob". By the late 00's, it became unfashionable to center-part one's hair, and the side-swept Bangs of the 1980s made a comeback.
In the late 2000s, dark haired women (and even light-haired ones) favored the jet black hair, as worn by Katy Perry or Amy Winehouse with her trademark beehive hairstyle. Textured hair with volume, natural wavy hair, and the bob cut became popular from 2007 onwards in both Britain and the USA. In 2009, many women sought to imitate the hairstyle Kate Gosselin had that year, briefly bringing back blended highlights into the mainstream. This look ended up only being a fad. Other popular late 2000s trends included Headbands, headwraps and Scrunchies, side ponytails, and braiding on one side of the head.
Men
For European men aged 25–40, shorter hair styles that usually took the form of a quiff were fashionable in the early 2000s, as well as spiked hair and fauxhawks for men aged 18–30. Dark-haired young British men often had dyed-blonde weaves and streaks until the late 2000s when a natural hair color became the norm again. A common haircut among American men and boys was the frosted spiky hair popularized by boybands and pop punk bands from 1997 through 2004, 2005-2008.
Long, shaggy Mod or surfer hair became popular among many young men between 2003 and 2006 in the UK as many bands moved away from punk rock and rap metal in favor of a 1960s inspired indie or garage rock sound pioneered by groups like The Strokes, Jet, The Killers, The Hives, The Vines, Coldplay, and The White Stripes. These hairstyles gradually replaced the shaggy, grown out curtained hair popular since the late 1990s among American celebrities like Tom Cruise, Jim Adkins of Jimmy Eat World, Alex Band, Jason Wade, Mehmet Okur and Hanno Möttölä.
By the late 2000s, many young British men opted for a clean-cut 1950s inspired hairstyle, kept in place with pomade. Shaved and bald hairstyles along with beards, moustaches, stubble, sideburns, and the goatee became popular in Europe and North America in reaction to the effeminate early and mid 2000s metrosexual look, with charitable events like Movember further increasing their acceptability.
Children and teenagers
For boys, short haircuts such as the quiff, the buzzcut, curtains, crew cut, and Caesar cut were popular in the early 2000s. Girls favored straight hair extensions and chunky highlights. It also became fashionable to sport curly hair with a "zig-zag" side parting and blended highlights around 2002/03. Back in the late 90s and early 2000s, butterfly hair clips and crimped hair became extremely popular for preteens and teenage girls.
In the mid-2000s, longer hair on teenage boys became popular in the UK and America, including the wings haircut, influenced by the 1960s Mod subculture, and British indie pop stars. Hairstyles among teenage girls experienced little change, being largely the same as they were in the early 2000s. Curly hair became less popular in Britain, while straight hair grew more dominant. Highlights remained popular, as well as extensions. Hair was often tied into a ponytail and incorporated long bangs or a fringe.
In 2009, the androgynous Harajuku inspired scene hairstyles (often dyed bright colors) and eyeliner were popular among girls and boys alike: first in Japan, and later in the US and Europe. As an alternative to the scene hairstyles, many teenage girls in the US and Australasia opted for a preppy hairstyle that involved long, straight hair, side-swept and regular bangs and a side part, while boys wore basic skater hair. Many girls wore headbands, headwraps and 80s inspired scrunchies with either a side ponytail or french braid falling over one shoulder.
In between 2006 and 2008, Middle Eastern teenage boys in Australia, namely those of Lebanese descent, acquired the high and tight haircut. Some had the cut with a mullet.
Makeup and cosmetic trends
The year 2000, was based on the glittery Y2K inspired makeup of the late 1990s. With the turn of the millennium, the idea was for women to capture a futuristic, space-age style, with makeup including bronze specks for a metallic shine with ecstatic colors. An alternative for those who did not like metallics was a purple and brown color scheme. Lip gloss was more popular than lipstick among both women and girls. By the spring/summer season of 2001, this look took a backseat in favor of a more low-maintenance, natural style that showed off ones features. However, the glittery looks continued to be popular. In 2002, mineral makeup broke into the mainstream with Bare Minerals, a product of Bare Escentuals. This fueled the trend for natural looking makeup, and became the standard of the 2000s. By 2004, the glittery looks had disappeared.
By around 2005/06, retro-styled makeup from the 1940s had made a comeback, such as bright red lips and cat eyes. In the mid and late 2000s, lip gloss remained popular, and the "Smoky Eye" emerged, with more emphasis on eyeliner, mascara, and eyeshadow. Another emerging trend was a more natural "less is more" approach to makeup around the same time. Also around the second half of the decade, there was an increasing amount of emphasis on the perfection of complexions, with illuminators and shimmer products becoming must-have items. In the late 2000s, there was a craze for fake eyelashes, started by Lady Gaga. This resulted in lash tinting, lash extensions, and fake lashes. Makeup styles generally became simpler and more individualistic with the rise of How-to YouTube videos.
Body care and grooming
The year 2000 featured natural-colored skin as the most desirable, and did not feature many body care trends other than the rise of hair removal, teeth whitening, and anti-aging creams. In the summer of 2001, the sunless tanning trend broke into the mainstream for all genders, prompted by Jennifer Lopez and Christina Aguilera. This included both self-tanners and spray tans. Cosmetic contacts also became more widespread among all genders this year. In 2002, botox was approved for public use and became hugely popular with women and men. By 2009, fake tanning had gone out of style in favor a pale complexion, inspired by the Twilight film.
The 2000s, continued the unisex trend of bikini waxing which had started in the 1990s. Although waxing in general had been popular among women for several years, it was in the 1990s that complete male body hair removal went mainstream. Being considered suggestive and indecent in the 90s, male waxing became ubiquitous as a result of the metrosexual trend in the early and mid 2000s. Also during this time, it was popular to have a completely clean-shaven face, as if to make one look underage. Male hair removal declined in the late 2000s.
Tattoos and piercings
The 2000s continued the trend of tattoos and piercings among both genders which had begun during the 1990s. Commonplace tattoos in Europe, Australasia, Hong Kong, and North America included tramp stamps and tribal arm tattoos from the early to mid 2000s, and Hindu Sanskrit or Chinese Kanji words from 2007 to 2010. Old school tattoos depicting hearts, skulls, flowers or female figures were considered unfashionable and unsophisticated for much of the decade, especially among women. However, these made a comeback in 2008 at the same time Ed Hardy accessories and the pin-up girl look were becoming popular. Getting a mustache tattoo on a finger, as a "fingerstache", was an ironic tattoo trend starting in around 2003.
In the early 2000s, navel piercings reached their peak, as did tongue rings. Other popular piercings throughout the decade include labret piercings, nostril piercings, nipple piercings, and eyebrow piercings. Piercings and tattoos reached the height of their popularity during the mid-2000s but remained a common sight among young people well into the 2010s.
Gallery
A selection of images related to the period.
See also
2000s
1970s in fashion
1980s in fashion
1990s in fashion
Fashion design
References
Fashion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s%20in%20fashion |
Bajša ( / Bajša, ) is a village located in the Bačka Topola municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,568 people (2002 census).
Historical population
1969: 3,690
1969: 3,945
1969: 2,753
1969: 2,745
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Zoran Z Pap, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine koje je Zoran Z Pap oplodio, Novi Sad, 1969.
External links
The Official Site of Bajša
Slovenské kultúrne stredisko
History of Bajša
Castle of Zako, Bajsa
Places in Bačka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baj%C5%A1a |
The Brazilian Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Brazil, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the influential National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (), composed of over 400 primary and auxiliary bishops and archbishops. There are over 250 dioceses (both of the Latin and Eastern rites) and other territorial jurisdictions in Brazil. The primate of Brazil is Dom Sérgio da Rocha.
The Catholic Church is the largest denomination in the country, where 123 million people, or 64.6% of the Brazilian population, were self-declared Catholics in 2010. These figures made Brazil the single country with the largest Catholic community in the world. In 2022, Catholics made up 68% of the population.
History
According to the tradition, the first Mass celebrated in Brazil took place on 26 April 1500. It was celebrated by a priest who arrived in the country along with the Portuguese explorers to claim possession of the newfound land. The first diocese in Brazil was erected more than 50 years later, in 1551.
Brazil's strong Catholic heritage can be traced to the Iberian missionary zeal, with the 15th-century goal of spreading Christianity. The Church missions began to hamper the government policy of exploiting the natives. In 1782 the Jesuits were suppressed, and the government tightened its control over the Church.
Catholicism was the predominant faith during colonial rule, then in 1824 became the official religion of an independent Brazil which also guaranteed freedom of religion for its citizens. The Brazilian government has been secular since the Constitution of 1891 and the Church has remained politically influential. In the late 19th century, the Catholic population of Iberian origin was reinforced by a large number of Italian Catholics who immigrated to Brazil, as well as some Polish and German Catholic immigrants. In 1889 Brazil became a republic and approved a constitution separating the Church from the State, a trend followed by all of the country's seven republican constitutions. Prior to that, during the Empire of Brazil, Catholicism was the official religion of the country. In practice, separation of Church and state in the country is weak as government officials generally avoid taking actions that may offend the Church which represents a large majority of citizens.
A recent example of the Church's influence over political questions was the change conducted by the federal government in the Third National Program of Human Rights in regard to its proposal to legalize abortion, after pressure from the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops. That particular change, along with others, was denounced by the Amnesty International. Nevertheless, the government kept issues contrary to Church teaching in the Program, such as its support for same-sex marriage and same-sex adoption.
In the late 20th century the Church's liberation theology movement, which focuses on the poor as the primary recipients of Christ's message, helped in the quest for social justice. The church organized ecclesiastical base communities throughout the country to work for social and political causes at the local level. Despite the support of the higher clergy for the military, the progressive wing managed to make the Church practically the only legitimate focus of resistance and defense of basic human rights during military rule, as well as a main advocate for social rights and human dignity in the Constitutional Assembly of 1987–1988. When then Cardinal Ratzinger became responsible for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, he launched a successful campaign against the liberation theology, and the conservative wing of the Church gained power. Catholics then saw the rise of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal movement, as a way to counter the rapid growth of Pentecostal Protestantism in the country. According to Luis Lugo, director of the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, “pentecostalism no longer is something confined outside the Catholic Church, it is now firmly within the form of various charismatic tendencies and movements”.
During his five-day visit to Brazil in May 2007 Pope Benedict XVI canonized Frei Galvão, who became the first Brazilian-born saint. Both the Pope's visit and the canonisation aimed at reinvigorating the local church. Brazil was also the first foreign country visited by Benedict's successor Pope Francis.
Demographics
According to a 2007 poll conducted by the Pew Research Center's Forum on Religion & Public Life, more than 60 percent of the urban population of Brazil claims a Catholic affiliation. A 2020 poll by Datafolha suggests that the Catholic population is closer to 50 percent of the country and decreasing, with Evangelical Protestant groups growing as a proportion. Religious syncretism is widespread among Brazilian Catholics. There is an overlay of Afro-Brazilian religions (such as Candomblé, Quimbanda and Umbanda) with Catholic beliefs and practices, which many Catholic Brazilians do not find inconsistent with their faith. An example is the Feast of Bonfim, a ritual in which mães-de-santo gather to wash the stairs of the Church of Nosso Senhor do Bonfim in Salvador, Bahia. Catholics are far more likely to believe in good luck charms, fortune-tellers, faith-healers and astrology than are converts to Protestantism.
Religious change in Brazil is frequent. According to polling institute Datafolha, as of July 2013, approximately 57% of those aged over 16 years old were Catholic, while evangelicals constituted 28%.
According to America Magazine in 2003, Brazilian Catholics have the highest score in the world on the image of God as a loving Father. They are also more likely to see human nature as good rather than corrupt, and the world as good rather than evil. Brazilian Catholics are less likely to believe in the literal, word-for-word interpretation of the Bible than Protestants. They are also more likely to accept premarital sex, cohabitation before marriage, homosexuality and abortion. About 40% attend Masses at least once a month—approximately the same level as that of American Catholics. Almost 75% pray every day, but only 12% engage in Church activities; only 26% say they are "very religious". More than one out of five of those who were raised Catholics leave the church, most of them taking on no religious affiliation or Protestantism. However, Catholicism has the highest rate of retention. More than two-fifths of those who were raised Protestant are no longer Protestant; the Catholic Church picks up 16% of those who were raised Protestants.
By race, 66.4% of whites are Catholic, along with 58.2% of blacks, 59.9% of East Asians, 64.1% of browns, and 50.7% of American Indians.
Catholicism by state
Catholicism by state capitals
Education
As the largest Catholic country in the world, Catholic education has a great tradition in Brazil. The Society of Jesus founded the first schools in the country, with the aim of evangelizing Native-Brazilians. In the late 18th century, Portuguese minister Marquis of Pombal attacked and expelled the Jesuits from Portugal and its overseas possessions. He seized the Jesuit schools and introduced educational reforms all over the Empire. Since then, public schools have been secular, but private Catholic schools are among the best in the country.
According to the Ministry of Education, there are more than 30 Catholic universities in Brazil. The first was the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, founded by Marist Brothers on 1931. Another influential is the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro who is one of best private universities in the country, and behind only the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro at the state avaliation rankings. The Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais had been chosen by the Ministry as the best private university, and the best in the state of Minas Gerais, the previous year. In 1969, the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo became the first higher education institute in Brazil to offer a post-graduation course.
Organization
In Brazil, there are a total of 275 particular churches—consisting of 44 archdioceses, 216 dioceses (2 of which are Eastern rite eparchies under Latin jurisdiction), 9 territorial prelatures, the Archeparchy of São João Batista em Curitiba and the Eparchy of Imaculada Conceição in Prudentópolis under the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico, the Ordinariate for the Faithful of Eastern Rites in Brazil, the Military Ordinariate of Brazil, and the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney.
Notable people
Pedro I of Brazil
Pedro II of Brazil
Princess Isabel
Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies
Machado de Assis
See also
Abortion in Brazil
2009 Brazilian girl abortion case
Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church
Catholic Electoral League
Demographics of Brazil
History of the Catholic Church in Brazil
National Conference of Bishops of Brazil
Our Lady of Aparecida
Pan-Amazonian Ecclesial Network (REPAM)
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
Religion in Brazil
Lists
List of Brazilian Saints
List of Catholic dioceses in Brazil
References
External links
National Conference of Brazilian Bishops
List of Catholic dioceses of Brazil
Statistics of Catholicism in Brazil
Brazil
Brazilian culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Brazil |
Route 85 is a north–south state highway in the east-central portion of the U.S. state of Connecticut linking the city of New London to the town of Bolton.
The section of Route 85 between Route 82 in Salem and Interstate 95 (I-95) in Waterford is a major thoroughfare that serves traffic between the Hartford and New London areas. This section travels through what is known as the Route 11 Corridor, named for the unfinished expressway that was to run parallel to Route 85 in this area. Currently, the Route 11 expressway ends abruptly in Salem, and all traffic is forced to exit and directed onto Route 85 (via Route 82).
Route description
Route 85 begins as a four-lane urban arterial road at U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in New London, with junctions with I-95 and I-395 in Waterford. Route 85 continues north through the towns of Montville and Salem as a 2-lane rural arterial road up to the junction with Route 82. The road continues further north into the towns of Colchester, Hebron, and Bolton as a collector road (with arterial sections near the Route 2 and Route 16 junctions). There is a brief concurrency with Route 16 in Colchester. Route 85 ends in Bolton at US 6 and US 44 with a partial interchange with I-384 just before its terminus.
History
The section of Route 85 south of Colchester can be traced to the 19th century Hartford and New London Turnpike (also called Governor's Road) This portion of the former turnpike was designated as State Highway 102 in 1922, when state highways were first signed in Connecticut. The northward continuation from Colchester to Hebron was assigned as State Highway 366. Modern Route 85 was established in the 1932 state highway renumbering from old Highways 102 and 366, with an extension north via Bolton center to Route 83 in Manchester (using Campmeeting Road and Charter Oak Street). In 1950, the northern terminus was moved to its current location at US 6 (along former SR 807). The northern terminus was moved back to its original location in 1954, then shifted again to its current location in 1963. The original northern end became SR 534.
Junction list
References
External links
085
Transportation in New London County, Connecticut
Transportation in Tolland County, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Route%2085 |
"Daydream" is a song recorded in 1969 by the Belgian band Wallace Collection. It was composed by band members Sylvain Vanholme and Raymond Vincent, with David MacKay who also produced the single. The song is in the symphonic pop/rock genre, and uses strings and flutes. The song was a hit in mainland Europe, though its popularity did not extend to English-speaking countries, despite its use of English lyrics. The song was covered several times, most notably by the Günter Kallmann Choir in 1970.
Original recording
The song was first recorded in Abbey Road Studios, London, by the band Wallace Collection, and released as the final track on their debut album Laughing Cavalier. The singer was the band's drummer, Freddy Nieuland. It was released as a single in over 20 countries, and reached the top of the Belgium pop chart, and number 3 on the French chart.
Cover versions
The French pop star Claude François, known for writing the original "My Way", released his cover "Rêveries" in April 1969.
The song was covered in 1970 by the German vocal group, the Günter Kallmann Choir, and this version was used on a popular easy listening record of the time. As such Kallmann is occasionally mis-credited as the original author of the song.
In 2001, English electronic group I Monster had a UK chart hit with "Daydream in Blue", a remix of the Günter Kallmann Choir's version of the song; the track peaked at #20 in the UK Singles Chart. The song has also been covered live by the Beta Band as part of their song "Squares". I Monster's version was sampled in 2006 by American rapper Lupe Fiasco in Daydreamin’, featuring soul singer Jill Scott. Fiasco’s cover won the Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Samples
"Daydream" has been sampled on the following songs:
"Gangsta Rap" by Hamburg rap group Fettes Brot, on their 1995 album Auf Einem Auge Blöd.
A remix of "She Said" by The Pharcyde released on Go! Discs Records in 1996. The remix was produced by Fuzz Face (i.e. Geoff Barrow) and tWANK Boy.
Cut Killer's mixtape, Cut Killer Show Présente: Operation Freestyle of 1998.
"On a Beautiful Day", by British electronica/alternative rock band Skinny, from their 2001 album Taller (samples the Gunter Kallman Choir version).
The Beta Band sampled the song for their 2001 song "Squares" (samples the Gunter Kallman Choir version).
"Daydream in Blue" by I Monster in their 2003 album Neveroddoreven (samples the Gunter Kallman Choir version). This version was used as the basis for "Daydreamin'" by Lupe Fiasco featuring Jill Scott, on his 2006 debut album Lupe Fiasco's Food and Liquor.
"Hood Dreamin" by Guru (with a sped-up version of the song), from his 2005 solo album Version 7.0: The Street Scriptures.
"The Highest Commitment" by Qwel and Maker, in some live versions (samples the Gunter Kallmann Choir version)
"Put Me On (featuring Everlast and Moka Only)" by Swollen Members features a piano background with chords similar in sound to the vocals of the original "Daydream" track.
"Magenta Rising" by Parov Stelar on his 2015 album The Demon Diaries.
"Daydream" by Paul Basic on his 2011 album The Mirror.
The bassline and a similar arrangement were used by Isaac Hayes on "Ike's Rap II", which has in turn been sampled by Portishead, Tricky and Alessia Cara.
Soundtrack appearances
In Norway, this song (the version of Franck Pourcel) has become widely known through its use as background music in a series of televised information snippets regarding mountain safety, produced by the Norwegian Red Cross and broadcast annually through the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, chiefly around the Easter holidays. The original series was broadcast from 1969, but the theme tune was not introduced until 1972. Due to its association with the Severin Suveren safety snippets, the theme itself quintessentially represents Easter for many Norwegians.
The Belgian film Mr. Nobody in 2009 also used this song several times in the movie.
In 2016, "Daydream in Blue", a remix of the song by I Monster, was featured in the second season of the US television show Mr. Robot starring Rami Malek and Christian Slater.
The song was also used in Noah Hawley's Legion, season three, episode four, released in 2019.
The first season of the US television show Severance (2022) has also made use of the I Monster version in trailers and during closing credits on some episodes.
The 2005 BBC television series How to be a Gardener written and presented by Alan Titchmarsh used "Daydream in Blue" as part of its extensive soundtrack.
References
1969 songs
1969 singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daydream%20%28Wallace%20Collection%20song%29 |
In Hinduism, Rishabha is one of the twenty-four avatars of Vishnu in the Bhagavata Purana. Some scholars identify this avatar to be the same as the first tirthankara of Jainism, Rishabhanatha. Shaiva texts like the Linga Purana regard Rishabha to be among the 28 avatars of Shiva. Rishabha is also found in Vedic literature, where it means the "bull" and is an epithet for Rudra (Shiva).
According to John E. Cort and other scholars, there is a considerable overlap between Jain and Hindu Vaishnava traditions in the western parts of India, with Hindus adopting Jain sacred figures in Hindu texts like Rishabha and his son Bharata.
Vedic literature
The Vedas mention the name Rishabha. However, the context in the Rigveda, Atharvaveda and the Upanishads suggests that it means the bull, sometimes "any male animal" or "most excellent of any kind", or "a kind of medicinal plant".
According to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a professor of comparative religions and philosophy at Oxford who later became the second President of India, there is evidence to show that Rishabha was being worshipped by the first century BCE. The Yajurveda, states Radhakrishnan, mentions the name of three Tirthankaras – Rishabha, Ajitanatha and Arishtanemi, and that "the Bhāgavata Purāṇa endorses the view that Rishabha was the founder of Jainism". It is an epithet for the bull in the Rigveda:
Translation:
Other examples of Rishabha appearing in the Vedic literature include verses 6.16.47 of Rigveda, 9.4.14–15 of Atharvaveda, 3.7.5.13 and 4.7.10.1 of Taittiriya Brahmana, etc.
See also
Bharata Chakravartin
References
Bibliography
Avatars of Vishnu
Rishis
Jainism and other religions
Hinduism and other religions
Solar dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishabha%20%28Hinduism%29 |
The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity
in bending , flexural stress , flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material. This test is performed on a universal testing machine (tensile testing machine or tensile tester) with a three-point or four-point bend fixture. The main advantage of a three-point flexural test is the ease of the specimen preparation and testing. However, this method has also some disadvantages: the results of the testing method are sensitive to specimen and loading geometry and strain rate.
Testing method
The test method for conducting the test usually involves a specified test fixture on a universal testing machine. Details of the test preparation, conditioning, and conduct affect the test results. The sample is placed on two supporting pins a set distance apart.
Calculation of the flexural stress
for a rectangular cross section
for a circular cross section
Calculation of the flexural strain
Calculation of flexural modulus
in these formulas the following parameters are used:
= Stress in outer fibers at midpoint, (MPa)
= Strain in the outer surface, (mm/mm)
= flexural Modulus of elasticity,(MPa)
= load at a given point on the load deflection curve, (N)
= Support span, (mm)
= Width of test beam, (mm)
= Depth or thickness of tested beam, (mm)
= maximum deflection of the center of the beam, (mm)
= The gradient (i.e., slope) of the initial straight-line portion of the load deflection curve, (N/mm)
= The radius of the beam, (mm)
Fracture toughness testing
The fracture toughness of a specimen can also be determined using a three-point flexural test. The stress intensity factor at the crack tip of a single edge notch bending specimen is
where is the applied load, is the thickness of the specimen, is the crack length, and
is the width of the specimen. In a three-point bend test, a fatigue crack is created at the tip of the notch by cyclic loading. The length of the crack is measured. The specimen is then loaded monotonically. A plot of the load versus the crack opening displacement is used to determine the load at which the crack starts growing. This load is substituted into the above formula to find the fracture toughness .
The ASTM D5045-14 and E1290-08 Standards suggests the relation
where
The predicted values of are nearly identical for the ASTM and Bower equations for crack lengths less than 0.6.
Standards
ISO 12135: Metallic materials. Unified method for the determination of quasi-static fracture toughness.
ISO 12737: Metallic materials. Determination of plane-strain fracture toughness.
ISO 178: Plastics—Determination of flexural properties.
ASTM C293: Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading).
ASTM D790: Standard test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials.
ASTM E1290: Standard Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement.
ASTM D7264: Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.
ASTM D5045: Standard Test Methods for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness and Strain Energy Release Rate of Plastic Materials.
See also
References
Materials testing
Mechanics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point%20flexural%20test |
Mark I or Mark 1 often refers to the first version of a weapon or military vehicle, and is sometimes used in a similar fashion in civilian product development. In some instances, the Arabic numeral "1" is substituted for the Roman numeral "I". "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can itself be abbreviated "Mk." It may refer to:
Military and weaponry
Mark I tank (1916), the first tank to be used in combat
Supermarine Spitfire Mk I (1938), Royal Air Force fighter aircraft
Mark I Fire Control Computer, United States Navy fire control computer used in World War II surface ships
Mark I Nuclear Weapon (Little Boy), first nuclear weapon used in combat
The Mark I NAAK, an auto-injector carried by military personnel for use in case of nerve agent attacks
Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun, 1970s United States Navy dart-shooting underwater firearm
Mk 1 grenade, the first American-designed grenade used by American forces in World War I
Mark I trench knife, a combat knife carried by US forces after World War I
Patrol Boat, River ("Mark I PBR", 1966), 31-foot version of the US Navy riverine patrol boat
Vehicles
Mk I Mini (1959-1967); the original Austin Mini and Morris Mini-Minor from British Motor Corporation
British Railways Mark 1, the first standardised passenger-rated rolling stock (carriages or cars), introduced on British Railways in the 1950s
UTDC ICTS Mark I, rolling stock used by Vancouver SkyTrain rapid transit
Other technologies
MARK 1 or Perceptron (1959-1960), a neural net computer designed by Frank Rosenblatt at Cornell University
Mark I (detector), a particle detector at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center from 1973 to 1977
Colossus Mark I (1944), a British computer used to crack military codes
Ferranti Mark 1 (1951), an early computer based on the Manchester Mark 1
GE BWR Mark I boiling water reactor, a Generation II nuclear reactor
Harvard Mark I (1944), an early automatic digital computer made by IBM
The Lovell Telescope, called the Mark I between 1961 and 1970, then the Mark IA between 1971 and 1987
Manchester Mark 1 (1949), an early Autocode computer
Mesa Boogie Mark I (1969), an electric guitar amplifier designed in Northern California
Other uses
"Mark I," or "Mark 1," was the working title of "Tomorrow Never Knows," a song written by John Lennon for The Beatles
Mark 1 or Mark I, the first chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
Visual inspection, sometimes been called Mark I Eyeball in the US Military since the 1950s
Patriarch Mark I, retronym for Mark the Apostle as Patriarch of Alexandria
Iron Man's armor
See also
Mark One (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20I |
The Dave Fanning Show is a radio program broadcast on RTÉ Radio. The show is presented by Dave Fanning and has, at various times, been broadcast on both RTÉ Radio 1 and RTÉ 2fm.
History
The first "Dave Fanning Show" was broadcast on RTÉ Radio 2 from the 1970s. This music-based show featured the Fanning Sessions, where aspiring bands were afforded a full recording session which was subsequently played on Fanning's radio show. U2 recorded one such Fanning Session, in return for which Fanning was given the world-exclusive first play of all new U2 singles. Other bands to record Fanning Sessions have included The Cranberries, JJ72, Kerbdog and Therapy?.
With updating schedules, the "Dave Fanning Show" was broadcast at different time-slots throughout the 1980s and 1990s on RTÉ Radio 2 (which was rebranded "2FM" in 1988). Focusing on music until the early 1990s, the format was updated to include a mix of music, movie news, lifestyle items, competitions, and guests. The last such incarnation of this weekday "Dave Fanning Show" was broadcast on RTÉ 2fm from March 2002 until July 2006.
In 2006, the "Dave Fanning Show" was moved to RTÉ Radio 1. By 2009, however, it was returned to RTÉ 2FM as an evening weekday show.
As of 2020, the "Dave Fanning Show" is broadcast as a weekend midday magazine/chat show on RTÉ 2FM.
On 22 February 2023, Fanning announced that he was stepping away from his weekend show on RTÉ 2FM but that he would continue broadcasting on digital radio, on TV and online.
Signature tunes
Until mid 1990s - Oh Well by Fleetwood Mac
In the later 1990s - Another Girl Another Planet by The Only Ones
Up to July 2006 - The Modern Age by The Strokes
References
External links
The Dave Fanning Show on 2fm.rte.ie
RTÉ 2fm programmes
RTÉ Radio 1 programmes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dave%20Fanning%20Show |
The Catholic Church in Burkina Faso is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to the CIA Factbook, in 2018, 17% of the population are members of the Catholic Church.
History
The first Catholics to enter what is today Burkina Faso arrived with the French colonialists in 1896. In 1900 and 1901 Catholic missions were established at Koupéla and Ouagadougou, respectively and Joanny Thévenoud, a missionary helped to firmly establish Catholicism in the country over the following five decades. Abbé Yougbaré was consecrated as the Bishop of Koupéla on 29 February 1956 and became the first African Catholic bishop.
Persecution
There have been several incidences of persecution against the Catholic Church in Burkina Faso over the past years. Recent cases include an attack on the minor seminary of Saint Kisito de Bougui, in February, which caused no fatalities, but much material damage. In July 2022 the diocese of Fadi N'Gourma stated that only 5% of its parishes were now accessible for pastoral work, due to the increased threat of Islamist terrorists in the region. An attack in a village in the Diocese of Nouma, also in July 2022, caused at least 22 fatalities, according to official numbers, though some witnesses spoke of up to 30 killed. In an interview with Aid to the Church in Need, in August 2022, Catholic priest Honoré Quedraogo said that the attackers "force the Burkinabé to follow Sharia. Men are forced to wear trousers of adequate length, and forbidden from shaving their beards, and women have to be veiled. Western-style education is banned, and children are made to attend Koranic schools, called Madrassas. Churches must not ring their bells, and everyone is required to participate in prayers at the mosques".
In November 2022 a Burkinabé priest, Pierre Rouamba, said that he has noticed that the attacks are increasingly being directed against Christians. In some cases, terrorists not only burn down the church building, but also destroy the crosses as a demonstration of their intention to wipe out the Christian faith.
Dioceses
Archdiocese of Bobo-Dioulasso
Diocese of Banfora
Diocese of Dédougou
Diocese of Diébougou
Diocese of Gaoua
Diocese of Nouna
Archdiocese of Koupéla
Diocese of Dori
Diocese of Fada N’Gourma
Diocese of Kaya
Diocese of Tenkodogo
Archdiocese of Ouagadougou
Diocese of Koudougou
Diocese of Manga
Diocese of Ouahigouya
See also
List of cathedrals in Burkina Faso
Religion in Burkina Faso
Christianity in Burkina Faso
Freedom of religion in Burkina Faso
References
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Burkina%20Faso |
Saint Ceolwulf was King of Northumbria from 729 until 737, except for a short period in 731 or 732 when he was deposed and quickly restored to power. Ceolwulf abdicated and entered the monastery at Lindisfarne. He was the "most glorious king" to whom Bede dedicated his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum.
Life
Ceolwulf was born around 695 in Northumbria. His ancestry is thus given by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: "Ceolwulf was the son of Cutha, Cutha of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Leoldwald, Leoldwald of Egwald, Egwald of Aldhelm, Aldhelm of Ocga, Ocga of Ida, Ida of Eoppa." Ceolwulf's brother, Coenred, seized the Northumbrian throne in 716. Coenred ruled for two years when Osric, the last of the House of Aethelric, claimed the throne and ruled for ten years. In 729, shortly before his death, Osric nominated Ceolwulf as his successor.
He consulted the Venerable Bede for advice on important matters. While praising Ceolwulf's piety, Bede also expressed some reservations regarding Ceolwulf's ability to rule. Ceolwulf was a man with deep monastic interests and perhaps little suited to affairs of state. Bede dedicated his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (History of the English Church) to Ceolwulf in 731. The beginning of his reign was disturbed by factions and rebellion, and that same year he was forcibly seized by his enemies and compelled to receive the monastic tonsure. He was deposed for a short period but quickly restored. The details of the attempted coup are unclear. Bishop Acca of Hexham is said to have been deprived of his see, which suggests he may have supported Ceolwulf's opponents. Ceolwulf named his cousin Ecgbert to the see of York around 732 (other sources date the appointment to 734).
It has been suggested that Ceolwulf had spent time in Ireland, perhaps studying to enter into religion. As king, he had endowed the monastery at Lindisfarne with many gifts. He obtained a special dispensation for the monks which allowed the consumption of beer and wine, contrary to the established Celtic practice which limited beverages to water and milk. In 737, Ceolwulf abdicated in favor of his first cousin Eadberht, to retire to Lindisfarne. His death is recorded in the winter of 764–765. Bishop Ecgred of Lindisfarne translated Ceolwulf's relics to the rebuilt Church of Saint Peter, Cuthbert, and Ceolwulf at Norham.
His feast day is 15 January.
References
Further reading
External links
764 deaths
Northumbrian monarchs
Burials at Lindisfarne
8th-century English monarchs
8th-century Christian saints
English Christian monks
Northumbrian saints
Christian royal saints
Year of birth unknown
Idings
Monarchs who abdicated | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceolwulf%20of%20Northumbria |
Lilybank is a neighbourhood in the east of Glasgow, Scotland. Neighbouring areas Newbank to the west, Braidfauld to the east and the eastern part of Parkhead to the north. The A74 London Road runs to the south, with the land on the opposite side between the road and the River Clyde not used for residential purposes: the Barrowfield football training ground owned by Celtic F.C., and the Dewar's whisky bottling plant and warehouses, the latter on the former Westthorn country estate.
In a wider sense, many residents of Lilybank would consider themselves residents of Parkhead or Tollcross, but they were officially placed within the Braidfauld ward of Glasgow City Council from 1995 to 2007; since then, the neighbourhood (west of Maukinfauld Road) has been in the Calton ward, while surrounding streets to the north and east fall under Shettleston ward.
History
The area was farmland until the 1930s, though small industries such as rope and brickworks had also been established, as well as Wilson's Boilermakers. The Lilybank housing scheme, named after the Lilybank Boiler Works, comprising "Rehousing" grade accommodation of low build quality (three-storey tile-roofed tenements of grey reconstituted stone, with back-courts for drying greens, normally containing six flats, all accessed from a doorless close) was opened in 1933 to accommodate tenants from the 19th-century slum clearance in Calton, Camlachie, Garngad and Parkhead.
Most blocks were demolished in the 1990s and replaced by modern housing. At the time of the construction of the original housing, the small ground of Parkhead F.C., Helenslea Park, was located to the west between Lilybank and Newbank; the club went defunct in the 1960s and the football pitch is no longer present, but it has been retained as an open public park; the only buildings on the site in the 2010s are named after Helenslea: a nursery school and community centre. Parkhead Fire station was also located in Lilybank from 1952 until 2011.
In 1977, the neighbourhood was subject of a BBC Television documentary made by social activist Kay Carmichael, who lived on benefits in the community for some months while being recorded on hidden cameras to find out about the conditions for the city's poor; local residents were unimpressed at the unflattering way the area was portrayed.
References
Areas of Glasgow
Parkhead | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilybank |
DBDMH (also known as 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin) is an organic compound derived from the heterocycle called dimethylhydantoin. This white crystalline compound with a slight bromine odor is widely used as a disinfectant used for drinking water purification, recreational water treatment, as a bleaching agent in pulp and paper mills, and for treating industrial/commercial water cooling systems. Its action does not involve the use of hypochlorous acid.
Mechanism of action
1,3-Dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin is a source of bromine, which is equivalent to hypobromous acid (HOBr).
Br2X + 2 H2O → 2 HOBr + H2X
(Where H2X is 5,5-dimethylhydantoin)
With a pKa of 8.6, hypobromous acid partially dissociates in water:
HOBr ⇌ H+ + BrO−
Hypobromous acid serves as a source of "Br+," which produces bromide ions in the process of disinfection:
HOBr + live pathogens → Br− + dead pathogens
The resulting bromide ions can then undergo oxidation to hypobromous acid in the presence of an oxidizer of sufficient strength e.g. ozone, hypochlorous acid, potassium monopersulfate. This reoxidation process is commonly called "activation" of the bromide ion:
Br− + HOCl → HOBr + Cl−
References
External links
MSDS
Disinfectants
Organobromides
Hydantoins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBDMH |
Marcelinho da Lua is a Brazilian reggae/sambass singer and DJ. He released the album Tranqüilo in 2003. The album's staple song, "Tranqüilo", was part of the playlist for EA Sports' FIFA 06 video game. Both Seu Jorge and Mart'nália participated to Tranqüilo. Another album, Mad Professor Meets Marcelinho da Lua In a Dubwise Style, features Mad Prof., Bi Ribeiro, Black Alien, Roberto Menescal, as well as Mart'nália and Seu Jorge.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Brazilian electronic musicians
21st-century Brazilian male singers
21st-century Brazilian singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelinho%20da%20Lua |
Brad Stephen "Taylor" Negron (August 1, 1957 – January 10, 2015) was an American actor, comedian, writer and artist. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Albert in Punchline (1988) and as Milo in the 1991 action comedy The Last Boy Scout.
Early life
Negron was born in Glendale, California, the son of Puerto Rican couple Lucy (née Rosario) and Conrad Negron, Sr. His cousin is singer and musician Chuck Negron, of Three Dog Night fame. He grew up in La Cañada Flintridge, California, and graduated from the University of California Los Angeles.
Career
Breaking into comedy, Hollywood
Negron's career in comedy began while he was still in high school, with a stand-up performance at the Comedy Store in West Hollywood. After this appearance, Negron ventured into being a Hollywood extra, as well as a repeat contestant on Chuck Barris' ABC daytime show The Dating Game.
Before his film career began, Negron worked for dramatic and comedic legends Lee Strasberg and Lucille Ball. In a work-study program at the Actors Studio, Negron worked as Strasberg's assistant. At Sherwood Oaks Experimental College in 1977, Negron served as Ball's intern while she was a guest teacher at the school.
Film
Negron's motion picture appearances included Angels in the Outfield, The Aristocrats, Better Off Dead, Call Me Claus, Easy Money as the tenacious son-in-law of Rodney Dangerfield's character, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, River's Edge, The Last Boy Scout, Nothing but Trouble, Punchline, The Stoned Age, Stuart Little, Young Doctors in Love, Funky Monkey, Bio-Dome with Pauly Shore, How I Got into College, and Amy Heckerling's Vamps, in which he reprised his Fast Times at Ridgemont High pizza delivery scene.
Television and internet
Among Negron's television appearances are guest star roles on Hill Street Blues, That's So Raven, So Little Time, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, The Ben Stiller Show, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Reno 911!, Friends, My Wife and Kids, Seinfeld, ER, Party of Five, and Falcon Crest. In addition to being a semiregular guest on Off Beat Cinema, he co-starred in Smart Guy and Wizards of Waverly Place. He appeared in Comedy Central's UnCabaret special as well as its Amazon episodes. He appeared as Melinda Hill's date in one episode of the 2013 web series Romantic Encounters. His last television role was the part of an acting coach in Season 1, Episode 5 of The Comedians starring Billy Crystal and Josh Gad. He also appeared on an episode of The Dating Game on March 16, 1970.
Writer
In 2008, he wrote The Unbearable Lightness of Being Taylor Negron – A Fusion of Story and Song, directed by opera director David Schweitzer and co-starring singer/songwriter Logan Heftel. The show debuted to critical acclaim in the Green Room at the Edinburgh Comedy Festival. It also ran in the 2009 Best of New York Solo Festival at the SoHo Playhouse and at the Barrow Street Theater. Kate Copstick of The Scotsman wrote of it, "The underlying theme of this spellbinding hour seems to be Nietzschean – 'that which does not destroy me makes me strong'. And if that doesn't sound like out-and-out comedy, then that is good. Because the show is not out-and-out comedy. It is a mix of music, storytelling, and comedy." His comedy essays have been published in the anthology Dirty Laundry (Phoenix Books) and Love West Hollywood: Reflections of Los Angeles (Alyson Books).
Director Justin Tanner revived Negron's play Gangster Planet, a four-character domestic comedy set during the 1992 Los Angeles riots, which was chosen by the Los Angeles Times as a Critic's Choice. Another play, Downward Facing Bitch, a suspense comedy, was developed with director Kiff Scholl. Negron was a regular contributor to Wendy Hammer's Tasty Words, Jill Solloway's "Sit and Spin", and Hilary Carlip's online magazine Fresh Yarns, as well as the Huffington Post. He performed regularly across the United States and was one of the original members of the UnCabaret, dubbed "The Mother Show of Alternative Comedy" by the LA Weekly, where Negron fused standup, dada poetry, and stream of consciousness storytelling.
Painter
Negron was an accomplished painter whose artwork has been featured in solo exhibitions at venues such as Los Angeles' Laemmle Royal Theater and the Hotel de Ville Lifestyle. Although he left his initial art school education when he was 19 years old, Negron later received training at the Academy of Fine Arts in San Francisco and the Art Students League in New York City. His work was influenced by Henri Matisse, Jean-Édouard Vuillard, Don Bachardy, and David Hockney.
Personal life
Negron was openly gay.
Death
Negron was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2008. On January 10, 2015, he died at his home in Los Angeles, California, surrounded by family, at the age of 57.
Filmography
Film
Video games
References
External links
Official website
Interview , g4tv.com
Profile, jointhemediacircus.com
1957 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American painters
American actors of Puerto Rican descent
American stand-up comedians
Comedians from California
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from cancer in California
American gay actors
American gay artists
American gay writers
Gay comedians
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
LGBT people from California
Male actors from Glendale, California
People from La Cañada Flintridge, California
American LGBT comedians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20Negron |
Bedford Castle was a large medieval castle in Bedford, England. Built after 1100 by Henry I, the castle played a prominent part in both the civil war of the Anarchy and the First Barons' War. The castle was significantly extended in stone, although the final plan of the castle remains uncertain. Henry III of England besieged the castle in 1224 following a disagreement with Falkes de Breauté; the siege lasted eight weeks and involved an army of as many as 2,700 soldiers with equipment drawn from across England. After the surrender of the castle, the king ordered its destruction (slighting).
Although partially refortified in the 17th century during the English Civil War, the castle remained a ruin until the urban expansion in Bedford during the 19th century, when houses were built across much of the property. Today only part of the motte still stands, forming part of an archaeological park built on the site between 2007 and 2009.
History
Early history (1100–1153)
Bedford Castle was probably built after 1100 by Henry I in the town of Bedford, overlooking the River Great Ouse. The castle was constructed inside the town itself, and many of the older Anglo-Saxon streets had to be destroyed and diverted to make room for it, leaving a permanent mark in the formal grid system. The castle was built in a motte and bailey design and was probably much smaller than the later castle, just consisting of the motte and the inner bailey.
By the early 12th century the castle was controlled by the royal castellan, Simon de Beauchamp, the son of Hugh de Beauchamp who had helped conquer England in 1066. Contemporaries described the castle around this time as "completely ramparted around with an immense earthen bank and ditch, girt about with a wall strong and high, strengthened with a strong and unshakeable keep". Simon died in 1137, and King Stephen agreed that Simon's daughter should marry Hugh the Pauper and that the castle would be given to Hugh, in exchange for Stephen giving Miles compensatory honours and gifts. Miles and Payn de Beauchamp, the children of Simon's brother, Robert de Beauchamp, declared that the castle was rightfully Miles' and refused to hand it over to Hugh.
Meanwhile, civil war had broken out in England between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda, resulting in a period of chaos known as the Anarchy. Matilda's uncle, David I of Scotland, invaded England during 1137 in support of her claim. Although Miles de Beauchamp declared himself in support of Stephen, the king decided to retake Bedford Castle before marching north. Stephen formed an army to besiege Bedford Castle but Miles gained advance warning of the attack and took in considerable supplies, preparing for a long siege. Stephen was unable to storm the castle and left a force under the command of Hugh to starve it into submission whilst he marched north to tackle the Scots invasion.
Henry of Blois, the Bishop of Winchester, intervened in an attempt to produce a negotiated solution. Henry reached an agreement whereby after five weeks, the castle finally surrendered; the garrison were allowed to leave peacefully but the castle was handed over to the king. The deal struck by Miles and Henry appears to have left the surrounding estates in the hands of the Beauchamps, however, and in 1141 Miles returned and retook the castle itself, although no details are available as to how he achieved this.
Miles subsequently supported the Empress, and in 1146, Ranulf, the Earl of Chester and temporarily on the side of the king, attacked and took the town of Bedford, but was unable to take the castle, which continued to be controlled by Miles until his death several years later. Towards the end of the war, Bedford Castle may have been attacked again; Henry II, during the final year of the conflict in 1153, marched through Bedford and documentary evidence shows damage to the town at this time. Historians are divided as to whether the castle was besieged at the same time.
Mid-medieval period (1153–1224)
Early in 1215 tensions grew between King John and a rebel faction of his barons, which would lead to the First Barons' War. The rebel barons attempted to besiege Northampton Castle; unsuccessful, they turned to Bedford Castle but the castle withstood the attack and they moved south to London. Bedford was held at the time by William de Beauchamp but his loyalty came into question and he rebelled against John. Falkes de Breauté, a key Anglo-Norman leader loyal to John, resisted and seized Bedford Castle back for John in 1216. In return John gave Falkes the Honour of Bedford, and in practical terms the castle as well, although it is unclear whether he gave Falkes the role of castellan or ownership of the castle itself. As the war continued, Falkes took control of Plympton, Christchurch and Carisbrooke castles, whilst continuing to hold onto Bedford. After the death of King John in 1216 the war turned against the rebel barons and the royalist faction, including Falkes, was able to restore his son, the young Henry III to power in England.
After the war, Falkes made Bedford Castle his headquarters and he expanded it considerably, resulting in what David Baker has described as a "major refortification". Falkes destroyed the neighbouring churches of St Paul's and St Cuthbert's to make space for a new bailey, reusing the stone for the castle. The exact form of the castle after this expansion remains uncertain. The castle appears to have been quadrangular, with the western edge running along the rear of the modern High Street and the northern edge running along the modern roads of Ram Yard and Castle Lane. The castle had a new barbican; an outer and an inner bailey, with the inner bailey in the south-east corner, protected by an internal ditch and a stone-lined palisade; further stone lined ditches lay around the castle; and a new keep was built on the motte. Brown suspects that the new keep was probably a shell keep with a tower, similar to those built at Launceston or Bungay. The stone-lined palisades and ditches built at Bedford were very unusual in England – their closest equivalent are those found at Skenfrith Castle in Wales. The castle had a postern watergate facing towards the river, and a great hall within the inner bailey in the middle, at least 13 m (43 feet) wide and 40 m (131 feet) long. There was possibly a large stone gatehouse positioned on the outer bailey wall. A mound in the north-east corner of the castle probably supported a large tower.
Siege of 1224
Henry III decided that Bedford Castle should be returned to its original owner, William de Beauchamp, and became increasingly frustrated with Falkes' refusal to do so; matters came to a head when Falkes' castellans imprisoned Henry of Braybrooke, a royal judge who was hearing law cases against Falkes. When Falkes refused to release the judge, Henry mobilised an army, supported by the Church in the form of Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and advanced to Bedford. Falkes had left the castle, along with around eighty men, in charge of his brother, William de Breauté, who refused to surrender it to the king. Falkes was probably hoping that if the castle held on long enough, his efforts to convince Pope Honorius III to intervene against Henry would succeed. The Archbishop excommunicated William and the siege began.
The siege of Bedford Castle required huge resources. Siege engines were brought from Lincoln, Northampton and Oxfordshire, while carpenters built others on site using timber from Northamptonshire; ropes from London, Cambridge and Southampton; hides from Northampton and tallow from London. Labourers from across Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire were gathered by the relevant sheriffs, and miners from Hereford and the Forest of Dean. Crossbow bolts were ordered from a depot at Corfe Castle and from the provinces; 43,300 crossbow bolts are known to have been ordered by the king. Local trees were cut down, and stone quarrying begun to provide ammunition for siege engines. Tents and pavilions for the King were sent from London along with supplies of luxury foods and wine, also for the King. In total, Henry's wage bill for the siege came to £1,311; it is uncertain exactly how large Henry's army was, but potentially there were between 1,600 and 2,700 men present at any one time. To support the siege, Langton instructed his bishops to mobilise one man from every 24 hectares (60 acres) of land they owned and levied a special tax on the churches' estates.
With these resources, Henry erected a number of siege engines around the castle; one probable trebuchet and two mangonels were set up to the east of the castle; two mangonels were placed on the west side, to attack the keep, and one mangonel on both the north and south sides. Two siege-castles were established to observe the occupants of the castle. William was confident, however, that either his brother would return and relieve the siege, or that the pope would intervene, and held on despite the artillery attacks. The losses in the royal army began to mount; chronicler Ralph of Coggeshall suggests that seven knights, and over 200 soldiers and labourers were killed as the siege dragged on.
Bedford Castle finally fell through a sequence of four attacks. Royal forces first captured the barbican and then stormed the outer bailey, seizing most of the castle's supplies but taking considerable losses. Miners, operating under the protection of a "cat", then gained access to the inner bailey by collapsing part of the wall. Finally, on 14 August, the miners attacked the keep itself, lighting a fire under the walls, cracking the stone and filling the building with smoke. The female members of the household, including Falkes' wife, and Henry de Braybrooke were released, the royal standard was raised over the tower, and the next day William and the garrison surrendered.
A discussion ensued about the fate of the garrison; near contemporary accounts suggest that the prisoners asked the Archbishop for assistance, but that this was declined. Henry then had all the male members of the garrison hanged, except for three knights who agreed to join the military order of the Knights Templar. Three days after the fall of Bedford Castle, the Pope wrote a letter demanding that Henry cease his campaign against Falkes, but this intervention had occurred far too late to be of use. Alexander de Stavenby, the Bishop of Coventry, convinced Falkes to surrender after the fall of the castle; he handed over his remaining castles at Plympton and Storgursey and was absolved by Langton, going into exile shortly afterwards. Historian R. Brown has noted that the 1224 siege of Bedford Castle was remarkable in that the castle's garrison was able to hold out against "the concentrated military resources of the whole kingdom" for an impressive eight weeks. David Carpenter argues that the fall of Bedford castle "concluded the triumph of central government" over the previously uncontrollable forces of the local barons.
Later history (13–19th centuries)
After the siege Henry III ordered the castle to be dismantled, and labourers filled in the ditches and halved the height of the stone walls. William de Beauchamp was forbidden to rebuild the castle, and instead built an unfortified house in the inner bailey. St Paul's and St Cuthbert's churches were rebuilt in 1224 using stone from the castle. The sudden availability of cheap stone led to the repaving of many of the town streets in Bedford in 1224. Local tradition suggests that the first stone bridge at Bedford, the Great Bridge, was built using stone from the castle. By 1361 the castle site was described as "a void plot of old enclosed by walls" and seems to have been derelict for most of the medieval period. The antiquarian John Leland visited the site in the 16th century, and noted that the castle was "now clean down". The early 17th-century mapmaker John Speed produced a map of Bedford in 1611, showing the motte and a fragment of bailey wall still standing on an otherwise vacant site.
At the outbreak of the English Civil War, Bedford sided with Parliament; the town was temporarily captured by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in 1643 and the castle was refortified for the duration of the war. A probable wooden fort and prison were built on the remains of the motte and defended by a hundred-man garrison. After the war the motte became used as a bowling green until the 19th century. In 1804 the north-east tower of the castle was turned into a hexagonal building for the local militia unit. Bedford began to spread eastwards in the late 19th century and the castle baileys became desirable property for housing; in 1851 the last parts of the barbican were destroyed to make way for the construction of cottages.
Modern period (20–21st centuries)
Today only the base of the motte survives at Bedford Castle, 7.5 m (25 feet) high and 49 m (161 feet) wide at the top, and is a scheduled monument. Archaeological work has been conducted to develop a better understanding of the history of the castle, although excavations are difficult because of the urban nature of the site. Excavations between 1969 and 1972 established the broad form of the castle; this was supplemented by further work in 1995–6 and another phase of excavations in 2007. Following the 2007 investigations, an archaeological park was built on part of the castle site between 2007 and 2009, forming the centre of a mixed-use development of restaurants and apartments. The park incorporated one of the castle's lime kilns, first rediscovered in 1973, and the foundations of a hall discovered at the castle.
In 2004 Bedford Borough Council commissioned artist Gary Drostle to create a mosaic map of Bedford depicting the castle and Bedford's medieval history in front of the castle mound.
See also
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in England
Notes
References
Bibliography
Albion Archaeology. (2005) Extensive Urban Survey for Bedfordshire: Bedford Archaeological Assessment, Document 2001/42 Project 510. Bedford: Albion Archaeology.
Amt, Emilie. (2002) "Besieging Bedford: Military Logistics in 1224," Journal of Medieval Military History 1, pp. 101–124.
Baker, David. (1973) "Bedford Castle: Some Preliminary Results from Rescue Excavations," in Chateau Gaillard 6, pp. 15–21.
Bradbury, Jim. (1992) The Medieval Siege. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. .
Bradbury, Jim. (2009) Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139–53. Stroud, UK: The History Press. .
Brown, R. Allen. (1962) English Castles. London: Batsford. .
Carpenter, David. (1990) The Minority of Henry III. Berkeley, US: University of California Press. .
Godber, Joyce. (1969) History of Bedfordshire, 1066–1888. Bedford: Bedfordshire County Council.
Harsthorne, Charles Henry. (1861) Bedford Castle. Holdenby: Private Distribution. .
King, Edmund. (2010) King Stephen. New Haven, US: Yale University Press. .
Liddiard, Robert. (2005) Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500. Macclesfield, UK: Windgather Press. .
Pounds, Norman John Greville. (1994) The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: a Social and Political History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. .
Powicke, Maurice. (1962) The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307. Oxford: Clarendon Press. .
Thompson, M. W. (1994) The Decline of the Castle. Leicester, UK: Harveys Books. .
Warren, W. L. (2000) Henry II. New Haven, US: Yale University Press. .
Further reading
External links
English Heritage Monument No. 360158
Investigation History
Buildings and structures in Bedford
Castles in Bedfordshire
Tourist attractions in Bedfordshire
Ruins in Bedfordshire
Motte-and-bailey castles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%20Castle |
Gordon Duncan (14 May 1964 – 14 December 2005) was a Scottish bagpiper, low whistle player and composer, born in Turriff, Aberdeenshire.
Early life
Duncan was born in Turriff, Aberdeenshire on 14 May 1964. His parents were tenant farmer and bothy ballad singer Jock Duncan and Frances Duncan. Jock Duncan joined the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board shortly after Duncan's birth and the family moved to Thurso then to Pitlochry. Initially taught by his father, Gordon began his piping career at the age of 10, winning many junior competitions under the tuition of Walter Drysdale, but started to lose interest in competition piping by the age of 18, at which point he was an apprentice joiner.
Career
He attracted attention from folk bands, touring the US and Europe with the Tannahill Weavers, Wolfstone and Ceolbeg and became associated with Dougie MacLean, playing low whistle on his albums. He began composing soon afterwards, having travelled across Europe and been exposed to other traditions, especially Breton music.
He was a very influential piper who broke the boundaries of traditional piping music. He was a member of the Vale of Atholl Pipe Band and also performed with the Atholl Highlanders, as well as being signed by Greentrax as a solo artist.
Duncan created a new style of idiosyncratic bagpipe music. He also incorporated the bagpipes into a rendition of AC/DC's Thunderstruck. His work was heard at T in the Park, Celtic Connections, Celtic Colours in Canada, the Lorient festival in Brittany, where he was the two-time winner of the MacAllan Trophy and the Fleadh Cheoil in Ireland.
He worked as a refuse collector and was known to scribble compositions on cigarette packets whilst at work.
Compositions
Duncan composed over one hundred tunes in his lifetime, with perhaps his most famous work, Andy Renwick's Ferret, being performed and recorded internationally.
He arranged music for the Vale of Atholl and ScottishPower pipe bands.
Death
On 14 December 2005, Duncan was found dead at his home in Perthshire following a long struggle with alcoholism. His funeral was held at Pitlochry Church of Scotland and was attended by hundreds of pipers.
In 2007, A National Treasure concert was staged in Perth by the Gordon Duncan Memorial Trust, and for the following four years, with the BBC airing the 2011 concert. In January 2016, a gig was at the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall as part of Celtic Connections.
Personal life
He had a wife, Mary, and a son, Gordon, two sisters, and his brother, Ian Duncan, is also a piper.
Discography
He recorded three solo albums, and a further album was compiled after his death from previously recorded material.
Just for Seumas (1994)
Circular Breath (1997)
Thunderstruck (2003)
Just for Gordon (2007)
References
External links
Gordon Duncan Memorial Trust
(BBC Alba documentary on Gordon Duncan's life)
1964 births
2005 deaths
Scottish composers
Great Highland bagpipe players
The Tannahill Weavers members
Wolfstone members
People from Turriff
Scottish tin whistle players
Scottish bagpipe players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Duncan |
The aims of the Football Australia Hall of Fame (founded in 1999 as the Soccer Hall of Fame) are to celebrate and highlight the achievements of retired players and other participants who have contributed significantly to the game. These are made up of either Australian and/or non-Australian footballers, managers and other participants who have become significant figures in the history of the game in Australia. New members are generally added each year.
Selection
All nominees must be Australian citizens. For non-players, inclusion is based on criteria including and "overall sustained contribution to the game".
Awards
Originally, there were several categories based on the nature of an individual's contribution, including:
Hall of Champions (players) / Hall of Honour (non-players)
Medal of Excellence (players) / Roll of Honour (non-players)
Award of Distinction (players) / Roll of Honour (non-players)
1999 Inaugural inductees
Players
George Smith
Cliff Sander
Graham McMillan
John Perin
Frank Parsons
Jeff Olver
Gordon Nunn
Sergio Melta
Gary Marocchi
Alan Johns
Tom Jack
William "Bill" Henderson
Jack Evans
Sjel "Mike" de Bruyckere
William Coolahan
Jim Armstrong
Ron Adair
John Watkiss
Ray Richards
Graham Jennings
Col Curran
Charlie Yankos
Connie Selby
Harry Williams
Manfred Schaefer
John Nyskohus
James McNabb
William Maunder
Jimmy Mackay
Frank Loughran
Bob Lawrie
Julie Dolan
Ray Baartz
Peter Wilson
Johnny Warren MBE
Jimmy Rooney
Alf Quill
James "Judy" Masters
Joe Marston MBE
Ron Lord
John Kosmina
Reg Date
Bob Bignell
Attila Abonyi
Participants
Ron Wright
Sir William Walkley
Joe Vlasits
William Thomas
Ron Smith
Martin Royal
Peter Nikolich
Des Miles
Frank McIver
Zoran Matić
Jack Logan
Brian Lefevre
Tony Kovac OAM
Tom Grimson
Keith Gilmour
Pam Gilbert
Harry Croft
Donald Campbell
Fred Barlow
Eric Worthington
Laurie Schwab
Les Scheinflug
Julius Re
Sam Papasavas
Dieter Klose
Brian Corrigan
Ian Brusasco AM
Giacomo "Jim" Bayutti OA
Frank Arok
Michael Weinstein AM, BEM
Elaine Watson OAM
Vic Tuting MBE
Robert Telfer
Rale Rasic
Theo Maramaris MBE
Arthur Gibbs
John Walter Fletcher
Harry Dockerty
Tony Boscovic
Sir Arthur George AO
2000 inductees
Players
Adrian Alston
Eddie Krncevic
Paul Wade
Oscar Crino
Doug Utjesenovic
Murray Barnes
Ron Corry
Alex Gibb
Kevin O'Neill
Joe Watson
Participants
Chris Bambridge
Don Sutherland
Charles Valentine
Barry Bainbridge
Jim Connell
Charles Perkins
Emmanuel Poulakakis
John Taylor
2001 inductees
Players
Bill Vojtek
Cecil Drummond
Alan Davidson
Frank Farina
Tony Henderson
Pat O'Connor
David Ratcliffe
Jim Tansey
Leo Baumgartner
Gary Byrne
Robert Dunne
Ken Murphy
Participants
John Constantine
Basil Scarsella
Charles Caruso
Doug Rennie
Bill Vrolyks
George Wallace
Les Broadbent
Sid Grant
Eric Heath
Bob McShane
Arthur Roberts
Bill Turner
2002 inductees
Players
James Wilkinson
Cindy Heydon
George Harris
Branko Buljevic
Stan Ackerley
Peter Ollerton
Joanne Millman
Norman Conquest
Participants
Fred Robins
Eddie Thomson
George Vasilopoulos
Allan Crisp
John Fraser
Siri Kannangara
Dennis McDermott
Rodney Woods
2003 inductees
Players
Wally Savor
Percy Lennard
William "Bill" Henderson
Milan Ivanović
Colin Bennett
Gary Cole
Steve O'Connor
Roy Crowhurst
Theresa Deas
David Harding
Participants
Betty Hoar
Les Murray
Peter Gray
Ken Allen
Vito Cilauro
Denis Harlow
Joseph Honeysett
Peter Van Ryn
2004 inductees
Players
Graham Arnold
Jack Hughes
Jack Reilly
Todd Clarke
Ian Gray
Sue Monteath
Participants
Peter Thorne
Jane Oakley
Roy Druery
Gordon Dunster
Fred Hutchinson
2005 inductees
Players
Mike Petersen
Robbie Slater
Allan Maher
Alec Cameron
Craig Johnston
Bruce Morrow
Participants
Roger Lamb
Vic Dalgleish
Harry Hetherington
Phil Murphy
Gary Wilkins
2006 inductees
Players
Dave Mitchell
Charlie Stewart
Peter Sharne
Ernie Campbell
Robert Zabica
Participants
Fred Villiers
Raul Blanco
André Krüger
Ray Sandell
2007 inductees
Players
Alex Tobin
Terry Greedy
Steve Blair
Anissa Tann
Participants
Eddie Lennie
Heather Reid
John Barclay
Ted Rowley
Trixie Tagg
2008 inductees
Players
Tracey Wheeler
George Keith
Cliff Almond
Julie Murray
Aurelio Vidmar
Participants
Mike Wells
George Dick OAM
Donato Di Fabrizio
John De Witt
Peter Desira
John Thomson
2009 inductees
Players
Tony Vidmar
Cheryl Salisbury
Paul Okon
Participants
John Economos
Sam Vella OA
2010 inductees
Players
Ned Zelić
Joanne Peters
Stan Lazaridis
Participants
Martyn Crook
Mark Shield
2011 inductees
Players
Craig Moore
Dianne Alagich
Participants
Ted Simmons
Mike Cockerill
2012 inductees
Players
Alison Forman
Scott Chipperfield
Participants
Alan Vessey
2013 inductees
Players
James "Jim" Fraser
Sunni Hughes
2014 inductees
Players
Sandra Brentnall
Damian Mori
Mark Viduka
Participants
Stefan Kamasz
Tom Sermanni
2015 inductees
Players
Lisa Casagrande
John Kundereri Moriarty
2016 inductees
Players
Sacha Wainwright
Peter Raskopoulos
Participants
Tammy Ogston
2018 inductees
Players
Sonia Gegenhuber
Mark Bresciano
Participants
Andrew Dettre
2019 inductees
Players
Harry Kewell
Leigh Wardell
Participants
Branko Culina
Frank Lowy
2021 inductees
Players
Heather Garriock
Grace Gill
Mark Schwarzer OAM
Participants
Joe Honeysett
2022 inductees
Players
Moya Dodd
Collette McCallum
Ange Postecoglou
Ted Smith
Participants
Walter Pless
Brendan Schwab
See also
Football Hall of Fame Western Australia
References
External links
Official website
Association football museums and halls of fame
Australian soccer trophies and awards
Halls of fame in Australia
Awards established in 1996
Australian sports trophies and awards
1999 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20Australia%20Hall%20of%20Fame |
Newbank is a neighbourhood in the East End of Glasgow, Scotland, near the home ground of Celtic F.C. It sits just north of the River Clyde, adjacent to Parkhead, and is bounded to the south by London Road. It is now a settlement of council houses but its name derives from an 18th-century estate of that name.
History
The original 'Newbank House' has left no remains, but there is a fine red-sandstone 19th century Newlands Primary School in Springfield Road, near Parkhead Cross. This school was the private donation of Lord Newlands, hence its name. Over many years, Newlands School earned a reputation for academic excellence; its dedicated teaching staff served the Newbank/Parkhead districts well and produced many children who, despite their inauspicious origins, went on to do exceptionally well in life.
Architecturally, the Newbank area is notable for its solid 4-in-a-block council houses which, with full bathroom facilities and their own gardens, were a substantial improvement on the older tenement flats which for generations dominated the East End. Many of the more modern Newbank tenement flats also boasted internal facilities not commonly found elsewhere.
Much of the original Newbank housing, including the fine old Belvedere Hospital nearby off London Road, has been demolished. New housing, mainly individual houses in Newbank itself and modern tenements on the site of the hospital, has replaced it in the early 21st century.
References
Parkhead
Areas of Glasgow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbank |
The 45th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
The Palanca Hall of Fame was also established in 1995 and is presented to a Palanca awardee who has achieved the distinction of winning five first prizes in the regular categories. It awarded the distinction to seven writers who have already reached the milestone, including Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo, Buenaventura S. Medina Jr., Rolando S. Tinio, Rene O. Villanueva, Gregorio C. Brillantes, Cirilo F. Bautista, and Jesus T. Peralta. Peralta clinched his fifth first prize way back in 1978 for “Exit No Exit” under the Full-Length Play category. Bautista clinched his fifth first prize way back in 1979 for “Crossroads” under the Poetry category. Brillantes clinched his fifth first prize way back in 1984 for “Climate of Disaster, Season of Disgrace” under the Essay category. Villanueva clinched his fifth first prize way back in 1990 for both “Ang Unang Baboy sa Langit” and "Tungkung Langit at Alunsina," which both won under the Maikling Kwentong Pambata category. Tinio clinched his fifth first prize way back in 1993 for “Ang Kuwento ni A.” under the Dulang Pantelebisyon category. Medina clinched his fifth first prize way back in 1993 for “Moog” under the Nobela category. And Mabanglo clinched her fifth first prize in 1995 for “Bayan ng Lunggati, Bayan ng Pighati” under the Tula category. The said award is given to writers who have won five (5) first places in any category.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1995 winners were divided into fourteen categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, short story for children, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play, plus the Dulang Pantelebisyon and Dulang Pampelikula, open only for the Filipino Division:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: Clinton Palanca, "The Apartment"
Second Prize: Noelle De Jesus, "Blood"
Third Prize: Lakambini A. Sitoy, "I See My Shadow on the Pavement"
Short Story for Children
First Prize: Norma Olizon-Chikiamco, "Pan de Sal Saves the Day"
Second Prize: Mary Ann Tobias, "Little Star"
Third Prize: Erlinda Acacio Flores, "The Quarreling Kites"
Poetry
First Prize: Elsa M. Coscolluela, Katipunera and Other Poems"
Second Prize: Ma. Luisa A. Igloria, "In the Ritual of Calling and Other Poems"
Third Prize: Merlie Alunan, "Amina Among the Angels and Other Poems"
Essay
First Prize: Susan T. Layug, "For a Pair of Red Tsinelas/Child of the River Dreams"
Second Prize: Edmund Coronel, "No More Sweet Wild Garden"
Third Prize: Clinton Palanca, "In Paris"
One-Act Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Honorable Mention: Merlinda Bobis, "Ms. Serena Serenata"
Full-Length Play
First Prize: Anton Juan Jr., "Sakurahime or the Princess of the Cherry Blossoms"
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Levy Balgos De la Cruz,"Fetad"
Second Prize: Rebecca T. Añonuevo, "Iba-iba, Pare-pareho"
Third Prize: Rolando Bernales, "Taguan"
Maikling Kwentong Pambata
First Prize: Ma. Corazon Paulina Remegio, "Papel de Liha"
Second Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, "Blip"
Third Prize: Ronaldo L. Carcamo, "Ang Mga Tsismis sa Baryo Silid"
Natasha Vizcarra, "Isang Kuwentong Ulap"
Fanny A. Garcia, "Sapagkat ang Special Children ay Bahagi rin ng Lipunan at Mundo"
Honorable Mention: Merlinda Bobis, "Ms. Serena Serenata"
Jose Victor Z. Torres, "The Flathouse Roof"
Tula
First Prize: Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo, "Bayan ng Lunggati, Bayan ng Pighati"
Second Prize: Vivian Limpin, :Tinatawag Nila Akong Makata"
Third Prize: Lilia Quindoza Santiago, "Mga Larawang Pisikal at Iba pang Tula"
Sanaysay
First Prize: Eli Rueda Guieb III, "Lakambini: Mula Duyong Hanggang Gunita"
Second Prize: Buenaventura S. Medina Jr., "Ganito Kami Noon, Ganito Pa Rin Kami Ngayon"
Third Prize: Edmund Coronel, Humabi ng mga Salita, Saksihan ang Hiwaga"
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First prize: Amelia L. Bonifacio, "Dalawang Bayani"
Second prize: Sunnie Noel, "Sulambi"
Third prize: Jose Victor Z. Torres, "Sandaling Tagpo"
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Lito Casaje, "Matrimonyal"
Second Prize: 1896 by Carlos Dela Paz Jr.
Third Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, "Bintao"
Rodolfo R. Lana Jr., "Exodo"
Dulang Pantelebisyon
First Prize: Mes De Guzman, "Plebo"
Second Prize: Eli Rueda Guieb III, "Siyasat"
Third Prize: Mes De Guzman, "Ang Lalaki sa Bubong"
Dulang Pampelikula
First Prize: Rodolfo R. Lana Jr., "Karinyo-brutal"
Second Prize: Rolando S. Tinio, "Kalapati"
Third Prize: Lore Reyes, "Kapag Umawit ang Sirena"
Rosauro Dela Cruz, "Ninoy"
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Palanca%20Awards |
The 44th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. This year saw the inclusion of a new category, Dulang Pampelikula [Screenplay], for the Filipino Division.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1994 winners were divided into fourteen categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, short story for children, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play, plus the Dulang Pantelebisyon and Dulang Pampelikula, open only for the Filipino Division:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: Katrina Tuvera, "The Flight"
Second Prize: Ma. Romina Gonzales, "Sanded Soles"
Third Prize: Jessica Zafra, "Black"
Short Story for Children
First Prize: Muriel Macaraig, "What is Serendipity?"
Second Prize: Ma. Carla Pacis, "The Dream Weavers"
Third Prize: Marilen Cawad, "Veronica"
Poetry
First Prize: Ma. Luisa A. Igloria, "Journey to Luna and Other Poems of Passage"
Clovis Nazareno, "The Link Immemorial"
Second Prize: Ma. Luisa A. Igloria, "Enkanto"
Fidelito Cortes, "Every Day Things"
Third Prize: Alma S. Anonas-Carpio, "Random Access Memories"
Leigh Reyes, "The Leavings of Family and Lovers"
Ruel S. De Vera, "The Most Careful of Stars"
Essay
First Prize: Ma. Luisa A. Igloria, "Reclaiming Vanished Geographies and Identities"
Second Prize: Marjorie Evasco, "The Ludic Pleasures of Eating Words"
Third Prize: Roland Tolentino, "Bodies, Letters, Catalogues; Filipinas in Transnational Space"
J. Neil C. Garcia, "Orlando Nadres and the Politics of Homosexual Identity"
One-Act Play
First Prize: Nicolas B. Pichay, "In the Works Department"
Second Prize: Dean Francis Alfar, "Loving Toto"
Third Prize: Bobby Flores Villasis, "Caves"
Corinna Esperanza A. Nuqui, "T.G.I.F."
Full-Length Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: Dean Francis Alfar, "Island"
Third Prize: Rodolfo C. Vera, "Sky Legends"
Honorable Mention: Al Claude Evangelio, "Broken Icons"
Edilberto K. Tiempo, "The Paraplegics"
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Jimmuel C. Naval, "Ang Pangangaluluwa"
Second Prize: Eli Rueda Guieb III, "Pinsan"
Third Prize: Levy Balgos Dela Cruz, "Mga Kagilagilalas na Kababalaghan sa Ilang"
Maikling Kwentong Pambata
First Prize: Luis P. Gatmaitan, "Si Duglahi, Isang Patak ng Dugo"
Second Prize: Simplicio Bisa, "Si Pinky, Si Tsinita, Si Rita Ritz at si Barbie"
Third Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, "Dagat sa Kama ni Troy"
Tula
First Prize: Roberto T. Añonuevo, "Kalatong at Iba pang Himig ng Paglalakbay"
Romulo P. Baquiran Jr., "Sa Kandungan ng Cordillera at iba pang Tula"
Second Prize: German V. Gervacio, "Huling Hirit ni San Jose at Iba pang Tula"
Third Prize: Benilda S. Santos, "Kay Tu Fu na Makauunawa sa Hindi Ko Babanggitin sa mga Taludtod na Ito"
Roberto Ofanda Umil, "Mga Tula sa Sandali ng Tunggali"
Sanaysay
First Prize: Buenaventura S. Medina Jr., "Dalawang Alon sa Iisang Agos"
Second Prize: Buenaventura S. Medina Jr., "Saling-Talinhaga: Pagsilang, Pagdayo, Pagbabalik"
Third Prize: Nilo Ocampo, "Hunab Kurditan, Sugilanong Lubad Atbp"
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Elmer Gatchalian, "Ambon ng Kristal"
Second Prize: Jose Bernard Capino, "Ang Dating Magkasintahan"
Rodolfo R. Lana Jr., "Buwan, Salawahang Buwan"
Third Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, "Dobol"
Blaise Rogel Gacoscos, "Taguan sa Ulan"
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, "Kalantiaw"
Second Prize: Glecy C. Atienza, "Lutong Bahay"
Third Prize: Rodolfo R. Lana Jr., "Mga Estranghero at Ang Gabi"
Dulang Pantelebisyon
First Prize: Ella N. Madrigal, "Maulap ang Langit sa Kanluran"
Second Prize: Levy Balgos Dela Cruz, "Sayaw ng Kamatayan"
Third Prize: Fanny A. Garcia, "Hello... Paalam"
Evelyn Estrella-Sebastian, "Isang Araw sa Isang Bahay Ampunan"
Dulang Pampelikula
First Prize: Rolando S. Tinio, "Kulay Luha ang Pag-ibig"
Second Prize: Alfred Adlawan, "Ang Babae sa Burol"
Lito Casaje, "Ang Lalakeng Nangarap Maging Anghel Ngunit..."
Third Prize: Elsa M. Coscolluela, "Bonsai"
Ramon Felipe Sarmiento, "Dayo"
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Palanca%20Awards |
Justice Roberts is the name of:
Supreme Court of the United States
John Roberts (born 1955), chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (2005-present)
Owen Roberts (1875–1955), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1930–1945)
U.S. state supreme courts
B. K. Roberts (1907–1999), associate justice of the Florida Supreme Court
Betty Roberts (1923–2011), associate justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Clarence J. Roberts (1873–1931), associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court
David G. Roberts (1928–1999), associate justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court
James L. Roberts Jr. (born 1945), justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi
Oran Milo Roberts (1815–1898), associate justice and later chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court
Samuel J. Roberts (1907–1987), associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Thomas H. Roberts (1902-1976), associate justice and chief justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court (1955-1976)
Other courts
Denys Roberts (1923–2013), last non-Chinese chief justice appointed to the Supreme Court of Hong Kong
Jennifer Roberts (judge) (fl. 1980s–2020s), justice of the High Court of England and Wales
See also
Judge Roberts (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice%20Roberts |
The Tobeatic Wilderness Area is the largest protected area in the Canadian Maritimes, located in southwestern Nova Scotia. It contains nearly 120,000 hectares of land and spans parts of five counties, Annapolis, Digby, Queens, Shelburne and Yarmouth. Located adjacent to Kejimkujik National Park, it was formerly known as the Tobeatic Wildlife Management Area, and the Tobeatic Game Reserve.
History
The name Tobeatic is derived from "Place of the Alder" in the Mi'kmaq language. Archaeological research shows that the Mi’kmaq people were present in the Tobeatic at least 4500 years ago.
In 1927, a portion of the area was designated as a game sanctuary. In 1968, it was designated as a Wildlife Management Area. In 1998 it was designated as one of 31 Wilderness Areas in the province. It is managed by the Department of Environment and Climate Change for the province in partnership with the Department of Natural Resources and Renewables. In 2015, nearly 16,000 hectares were added to the wilderness area.
Geography
It contains large areas of Acadian forest. The geography is varied, consisting of wetlands, woodlands, scrublands and barrens. The landscape was shaped by the last glaciation, which left glacial barrens, erratics, drumlins, eskers, moraines, hummocks, outwash plains and kettle lakes. It is composed of several geological units including the Goldenville Formation, the Halifax Formation, and Middle to Late Devonian biotite monzogranite and leucomonzogranite.
Wildlife includes eastern moose and white-tailed deer.
The region has many lakes and rivers including the Shelburne, Clyde, and Tusket rivers.
Public access
Primitive hunting and public leasing of land is allowed, with hunters only allowed to hunt for six consecutive days commencing on the third Monday in October each year with only a muzzleloader, bow or crossbow. Campsites, canoe routes, and portages are not as developed or maintained as the nearby Kejimkujik. Motorized vehicle use within the reserve is not permitted. Along with Kejimkujik, the Tobeatic is part of the UNESCO designated Southwest Nova Biosphere Reserve.
In popular culture
The area is the setting for the 1908 Albert Paine novel, The Tent Dwellers, which chronicles a three-week fishing trip through the area.
References
Protected areas of Nova Scotia
Geography of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
Geography of Digby County, Nova Scotia
Geography of Queens County, Nova Scotia
Geography of Yarmouth County
Geography of Shelburne County, Nova Scotia
Tourist attractions in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
Tourist attractions in Digby County, Nova Scotia
Tourist attractions in Queens County, Nova Scotia
Tourist attractions in Yarmouth County
Tourist attractions in Shelburne County, Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobeatic%20Wilderness%20Area |
The semilunar hiatus is a crescent-shaped/semicircular/curved slit/groove upon the lateral wall of the nasal cavity at the middle nasal meatus. It is bounded (sources differ) either inferiorly/anteriorly by the ethmoid bulla, anteriorly by the uncinate process of ethmoid bone. It leads into the ethmoidal infundibulum; it marks the medial limit of the ethmoidal infundibulum.
References
External links
Nose | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilunar%20hiatus |
Felix Ellison Feist (; February 28, 1910 – September 2, 1965) was an American film and television director and writer born in New York City. He is probably best remembered for Deluge (1933), for writing and directing the film noirs The Devil Thumbs a Ride (1947) and The Threat (1949), and for helming the second screen version of the Curt Siodmak sci-fi tale Donovan's Brain (1953), which starred Nancy Davis before she became known as Nancy Reagan.
He directed Judy Garland and Deanna Durbin in their first significant screen appearances, in the 1936 short film Every Sunday.
Life
Feist was the son of a MGM sales executive, Felix F. Feist (1884–1936), and nephew of a publishing house magnate, Leo Feist. He was educated at Columbia University. In the late 1920s he found work as a newsreel cameraman, and he was on staff at MGM from 1929 to 1932, directing screen tests and producing one-reel travelogues.
In 1931, Feist married Dorothy Hart Jacobs. The two met in New York, NY, and traveled to Los Angeles together where Feist began his career with MGM. They had two daughters, Marjory and Jacqueline Ellison.
His second marriage was to Lisa Howard, a pioneering female journalist and television news anchor, who briefly had an acting career. She appeared in a few of his films such as The Man Who Cheated Himself, Guilty of Treason, and Donovan's Brain. They had a daughter, Fritzi.
In 1955, he married Lulu Estelle "Barbara" Allen, whose son, Raymond, he adopted. Raymond became a fantasy author.
Feist died of cancer on September 2, 1965, at the age of 55. In his obituary, it was reported that he had three sons and three daughters.
Filmography
I Credited for the lyrics of "Lo-Lo"
II Credited for the screenplay
III Credited as a composer
IV Credited as a writer
V Uncredited
VI Credited for the story
VII Credited for the original screenplay
Television
References
External links
.
American film directors
American television directors
American male screenwriters
1910 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20E.%20Feist |
A house in multiple occupation (HMO), or a house of multiple occupancy, is a British English term which refers to residential properties where 'common areas' exist and are shared by more than one household.
Most HMOs have been subdivided from larger houses designed for and occupied by one family. Some housing legislation makes a distinction between those buildings occupied mainly on long leases and those where the majority of the occupants are short-term tenants.
The definition of an HMO has its origins in fire safety legislation, following a series of publicised, preventable deaths in overcrowded buildings.
Design
In HMOs, bathrooms and kitchens/kitchenettes are typically designated as common areas shared by all tenants, but contractually speaking common areas may also include stairwells, gardens and landings. Houses may be divided up into self-contained flats, bed-sitting rooms or simple lodgings.
Legally compliant HMOs are characterised by a higher standing of fire proofing, after a series of deaths in overcrowded houses. According to the Campaign for Bedsit Rights, three people a week died in fires in houses in multiple occupation (HMOs) between 1985 and 1991.
History
HMOs were principally defined by the Housing Act 1985, as being "...a house which is occupied by persons who do not form a single household". The Local Government and Housing Act 1989 expanded the definition to include any part of a building which:
"would not [ordinarily] be regarded as a house" and
"was originally constructed or subsequently adapted for occupation by a single household"
Both the 1985 and the 1989 Acts have since been superseded by the Housing Act 2004, which established a more complete and complex definition and also introduced the requirement for some HMOs to be subject to mandatory licensing (see below).
The Housing Act 1985 was a consolidating act. The definition of HMO in section 345 HA85 was from section 129(1) of the Housing Act 1974.
The Housing Act 2004 introduced mandatory licensing for large HMOs which were defined in the Act as properties with five or more tenants forming more than one household sharing facilities such as kitchen, bathroom and/or toilets over three or more floors.
On 1 October 2018, the Licensing of Houses in Multiple Occupation (Prescribed Description) (England) Order 2018 amended the large HMO definition in the 2004 Act by abolishing the "3 or more floors" requirement. Nevertheless, purpose-built flats in a block of three or more such flats, were excluded from the amended classification.
Apart from the statutory definition of HMOs requiring a mandatory licence, local authorities have the power to introduce approved licensing schemes which include smaller HMOs as licensable. Typically these are for three or more tenants forming more than one household.
Section 257 HMOs
The Housing Act 2004 (HA) introduced a classification of HMO under section 257 of that Act which includes self-contained flats in a converted block, where:
the conversion did not comply with 1991 building regulations
less than two-thirds of the self-contained flats are owner-occupied
This classification helps bring buildings with inadequate fire and safety regulations under the control of local authority (LA) inspection regimes. Section 257 HMOs are often expressly included in LA additional licensing schemes for HMOs.
Council Tax
The Council Tax (Liability for Owners) Regulations 1992 provide a different definition of HMO that is used solely for determining Council Tax liability. Typically, the landlord is required to pay Council Tax on behalf of tenants.
Cost for tenants
HMOs living spaces are often smaller but typically cheaper than a one bedroom flat. HMO agreements often include most utility bills with the rent. This is because it is difficult for landlords to apportion the cost of bills to each tenant fairly and it is also more appealing to potential tenants.
Licensing
HMO licensing was first introduced in Scotland in 2000. To be granted a licence under the scheme, properties must meet certain standards, such as presence of smoke detectors and fire doors. These provisions were included in response to a fatal fire at a student flat in Glasgow, which had no working smoke detectors, and metal bars preventing escape through a window.
HMO schemes have been subsequently introduced to other parts of the UK, though the legal definition of what constitutes an HMO varies between Scotland, Northern Ireland, England, and Wales.
Generally, in the United Kingdom, an HMO has the following characteristics:
at least three tenants live there, forming more than one household and
toilet, bathroom or kitchen facilities are shared between tenants.
Definitions of what constitutes an HMO and a household are set out in the law for each legal jurisdiction.
England and Wales
A home is a large HMO if all of the following apply:
at least five tenants live there, forming more than one household
toilet, bathroom or kitchen facilities are shared between tenants
Before 1 October 2018, there was an additional criterion that the building was three or more storeys.
Landlords of large HMOs must apply for a licence and must comply with certain standards and obligations.
HMOs do not need to be licensed if they are managed or owned by a housing association or co-operative, a council, a further education institute or student housing provider, a health service or a police or fire authority.
Where an Article 4 direction has been applied by a local authority, planning permission is required for the change of use of a dwelling house to HMO accommodation in the area designated. This is usually to protect the housing mix in particular areas of a city; for example in Newcastle upon Tyne article 4 directives have come into force in parts of Heaton, Jesmond, South Gosforth, Sandyford and Spital Tongues.
Local authorities
In England and Wales, local authorities manage and enforce the licensing of HMOs.
Depending on the region of the authority, they have some or all of the following powers, to vary:
the minimum size of a property requiring a licence
the licence fee and
the conditions of the licence.
Penalties in England and Wales
Failure to apply for or comply with the terms of a licence for an HMO constitutes a criminal offence. Tenants may be able to recover up to 12 months' rent from an unlicensed HMO landlord. Since the Housing and Planning Act 2016 (HaPA), tenants can make a Rent Repayment Order (RRO) application directly against the landlord and without waiting for the council to prosecute first (the situation under the Housing Act 2004 (HA)). Some tenants have been successful in recovering rent from landlords of unlicensed HMOs.
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is a separate legal jurisdiction within the UK and all HMOs must be registered and must comply with certain standards and obligations. In Northern ireland a property is an HMO if three or more people live in it, these people form at least three separate families or households and at least one person is paying some form of rent to live in the property. New regulations came in to force in April 2019 and a new licensing scheme managed by local councils has replaced the centralised registration scheme. Landlords must pass a fit and proper persons test, fixed penalties have been introduced HMO managers have to adhere to a Code of Practice.
Scotland
Scotland is a separate legal jurisdiction within the UK and all HMOs must be registered and must comply with certain standards and obligations. An HMO in Scotland is a property that is shared by three or more tenants who are not members of the same family or household. The landlord must be "a fit and proper person" and there are annual inspections to check the property (2006 Act). Hostels and halls of residence for students or nurses are considered to be HMOs in Scotland and the Scottish Government is considering extending the definition of an HMO. At the end of March 2019 there were over 15,600 licences in force and 87% of these were accounted for by the four major cities and the Fife local authority (Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow). Edinburgh accounts for almost two in five of Scotland's HMO licences due to its higher rents, large student population, tourist lets and young professionals sharing.
HMO investment
HMOs are popular with buy-to-let investors because, it is believed, they have higher income-generating potential than ordinary or 'vanilla' buy-to-let properties. By splitting single properties into multiple bedsits that are each let out on separate tenancy agreements, landlords can also reduce their exposure to loss of earnings through rental arrears or voids. While HMOs may generate higher income, HMO investments, at least in heavily regulated Scotland, entail significantly higher initial costs if compared with regular buy-to-let properties due to significant costs of licensing, safety checks and certificates, fireproofing, alarms, joinery and other required remedials.
Controversy
Some argue that HMO investment is necessitated by insufficient housing supply in the UK, whilst others argue that it is exploiting it.
Finance
Due to the additional legal requirements placed upon HMO landlords, many buy-to-let mortgage lenders refuse to finance HMO properties. This has led to the emergence of a specialised HMO mortgage market, catered for by a smaller subset of lenders. Because the choice of products is narrower, HMO mortgage borrowers are often subject to stricter criteria. Often they need larger cash deposits, as the average loan-to-value ratio is slightly lower than for an ordinary buy-to-let mortgage, while the minimum property value tends to be higher. Borrowers who are financing unlicensed HMOs may also be required to prove that their local authority has no intention to license the property in the future. It is also common for HMO mortgage lenders to levy stipulations on various aspects of the property, including the number of rooms permitted, the type of tenancy agreement and the type of locks installed on internal and external doors.
See also
Hostels (they may share characteristics with HMOs)
Rooming house, for HMOs in other countries
Student accommodation
References
External links
HMO Licensing in England & Wales at the Department for Communities and Local Government
HMO Licensing in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Housing Rights
Houses in Multiple Occupation at The Scottish Government.
Houses in multiple occupation at Shelter England.
Houses in multiple occupation (HMOs) at Shelter Scotland.
Apartment types | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20in%20multiple%20occupation |
Albert Anis (1889–1964) was an architect in Miami, Florida known for his Art Deco architecture. He was one of a group of American-born architects working in Miami Beach who synthesized the austere architectural principles of the International Style architecture with their own brand of modernism which embraced the ornamentation and exotic lure of the tropical.
Career
Anis was the architect for a number of outstanding Art Deco-style buildings in Chicago in the 1920s, and hotels on Ocean Drive, in Miami Beach. Among his most noted works are:
The Whitelaw Hotel (1936) 808 Collins Avenue, Miami Beach FL
Waldorf Towers Hotel (1937), Ocean Drive, Miami Beach FL
The Winterhaven Hotel (1937)
The Leslie Hotel (1937), Ocean Drive, Miami Beach FL
The Chesterfield Hotel, formally called Helmor Hotel (1938) 855 Collins Avenue, Miami Beach FL
The Traymore Hotel (1939) 2445 Collins Avenue
Clevelander Hotel (1939), Ocean Drive, Miami Beach FL
The Abbey Hotel (1940)
Majestic Hotel (1940), Ocean Drive, Miami Beach FL
The Tyler Apartment Hotel (1940), 430 21st St, Miami Beach Fl
The Viscay Hotel (1941)
Avalon Hotel (1941), Ocean Drive, Miami Beach FL
The Mantell Plaza (1942)
Colonade Apartments (1946) 2365 Pinetree Drive, Miami Beach FL currently called Tradewinds Apartment Hotel
Pineview Apartments (1947) 2351 Pinetree Drive, Miami Beach FL currently called Tradewinds Apartment Hotel
Temple Emanuel (1947)
Lord Charles Apartments (1953) 4?? 21st St, Miami Beach, FL
Bhojwani Tower (1950s)
Gallery
References
1889 births
1964 deaths
Art Deco architects
20th-century American architects
Architects from Illinois
Architects from Miami | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Anis |
The Macintosh Quadra 605 (also sold as the Macintosh LC 475 and Macintosh Performa 475) is a personal computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer from October 1993 to July 1996. The model names reflect a decision made at Apple in 1993 to follow an emerging industry trend of naming product families for their target customers Quadra for business, LC for education, and Performa for home. Accordingly, the Performa 475 and 476 was sold in department stores and electronics stores such as Circuit City, whereas the Quadra was purchased through an authorized Apple reseller.
When introduced, the Quadra 605 was the least expensive new computer in Apple's lineup. (The Performa 410, introduced at the same time, at the same price of about $1,000 USD, which included a monitor, was based on the much older Macintosh LC II with a 16 MHz 68030 processor.) The Quadra 605 reuses the Macintosh LC III's pizza box form factor with minor modifications.
The Quadra 605 was discontinued in October 1994, and the LC 475 variant continued to be sold to schools until July 1996. Apple offered no direct replacement for these machines, making it the final Macintosh to use the LC's lightweight slim-line form factor. Apple would not release another desktop computer under until the Mac Mini, nearly ten years later.
Models
All models come standard with a Motorola 68LC040 CPU running at 25 MHz, 4 MB RAM on board, 512 KB of VRAM (expandable to 1 MB), 1 LC III-style Processor Direct Slot, 1 ADB and 2 serial ports, external SCSI port, and a manual-inject floppy drive.
Introduced October 18, 1993:
Macintosh Performa 475: 4 MB RAM, 160 MB HDD. Bundled with a keyboard and Apple Color Plus 14" Display.
Macintosh Performa 476: 4 MB RAM, 230 MB HDD. Bundled with a keyboard and Apple Color Plus 14" Display.
Introduced October 21, 1993:
Macintosh Quadra 605: 4 MB RAM, 80 MB HDD. Slightly different case design, the only variant that does not have a case screw. Not available in Europe.
Macintosh LC 475: 4 MB RAM, 80 MB HDD. Bundled with a keyboard and optionally with an Apple Macintosh Color Display; Education market only.
Hardware
Central processing unit: 25 MHz MC68LC040, 32-bit bus. 8 KB of on-chip L1 cache is divided into 4 KB of data and 4 KB of instruction cache. There are no other caches, although an L2 cache is possible via an LC PDS card. The 68LC040 can be replaced with a 68040 which includes onboard Floating Point Unit. This will approximately triple the speed of floating point operations.
Random-access memory: 4 MB on the motherboard, one 72-pin SIMM socket for 80 ns or faster SIMMs. The official supported maximum RAM is 36 MB in one 32 MB 72-pin SIMM plus 4 MB on the motherboard, but larger SIMMs do work—up to 128 MB may be used, with some limits on RAM type. Physical limits might apply if the side of the SIMM facing the CPU has thicker chips, as the clips on the SIMM socket will not close around it automatically. It should be possible to manually push the clips enough to hold the SIMM in place. The DJMEMC memory controller used in the Quadra 605's predecessors (Quadra/Centris 610, Quadra/Centris 650 and Quadra 800) will only recognize SIMMs up to 32 MB, while the newer MEMCjr used in the Quadra 605 recognizes the larger sizes.
Video: Video out is provided by one DA15F connector, and is compatible with VGA monitors through the use of an adaptor. Two internal Video RAM slots can take either two 256 KB 80 ns 68-pin VRAM SIMMs, or two 512 KB SIMMs. Installing one 512 KB and one 256 KB VRAM SIMM garbles the display. Resolutions and colors available with the two VRAM configurations are shown in the table below:
Audio:
Out: stereo 8-bit, 11 kHz or 22 kHz; this is the first Macintosh LC model to support stereo output
In: Line-level. The input socket is a stereo socket, and can input two channels of a stereo signal—however, these are mixed and only accessible to the hardware as a combined mono 8-bit signal. An Apple PlainTalk Microphone provides line-level input by using a longer 4-contact plug which receives power from a 5 V supply within the input jack. Other microphones only give a mic-level input, and do not work with the Quadra 605.
Recording is possible at 11,025 or 22,050 samples/second, with filters applied at 3.5 kHz and 7 kHz, respectively, while recording.
Floppy Drive: 1.4 MB SuperDrive, manual-inject.
Hard Drive: 80 MB, 160 MB or 230 MB SCSI hard drive, depending on model.
Battery: Quadra 605s take a lithium half-AA cell 3.6 V battery. If the battery is drained, the video will not start up. To start up a Quadra 605 with a flat or missing battery, it can be turned on for a few seconds, then turned off for a second then on again. This leaves enough charge in the system's capacitors for video to start up.
Power supply: 30 watts standard, but many second-hand machines come with replacement PSUs, either third-party, Apple replacement, or stripped from earlier LC models. Some of these go up to 45 watts. The Quadra 605 is a registered Energy Star-Compliant product.
Weight: 8.8 lb / 4 kg standard. A Quadra 605 can support a monitor up to 35 lb / 15.9 kg.
Dimensions: 2.9" high × 12.2" wide × 15.3" deep / 7.4 cm high × 31 cm wide × 38.8 cm deep.
Expansion
The Quadra 605 contains one LC III-style 68030-compatible LC Processor Direct Slot. While this is mechanically compatible with previous models' LC PDS (it will take 96-pin or 114-pin LC PDS slot cards) it is not a true LC PDS, but emulates the previous machine's 68030 slot. Due to the success of the LC PDS in earlier Macs and with many expansion options already manufactured, Apple kept the same slot type in these 68040 machines. While the Quadra 605's LC PDS is mostly 68030-compatible, expansion cards made specifically for '030 processors, such as 68881 or 68882 FPUs, will not work. In addition it can utilize the Apple IIe Card, which allows the 605 to emulate an Apple IIe.
The Quadra 605 has one SCSI bus, with a 50-pin internal connector (with space for one low-profile 3.5" SCSI device) and one 25-pin DB25F external connector. SCSI is provided by an NCR 53C96 controller, which can achieve 6 MB/s internally with a fast enough drive, or 4 MB/s externally.
Two serial ports are provided on a Quadra 605; one 8-pin Mini-DIN printer port and one 9-pin Mini-DIN modem port similar to the printer port, but with an extra pin to supply +5 V power from the ADB power supply. Apple recommends no more than 100 mA should be drawn from this pin.
The Quadra 605, like most other Macintoshes manufactured before 1999, includes an Apple Desktop Bus port for use with a keyboard and mouse or other low-speed, low-power peripherals.
Some earlier models also contain a ROM SIMM socket, located just to the left of the VRAM. No SIMMs were made for this slot, and most boards only contain the solder pads indicating its position. The ROMs as used in production machines are two surface mount chips located directly behind the CPU. Quadra 605s use a 1024 KB ROM, version 7C.
PowerPC upgrades
The Quadra 605 was compatible with Apple's Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card which provided a 50 MHz PowerPC 601 CPU. DayStar Digital and Sonnet manufactured 100 MHz versions of this card which could also be used in the Quadra 605.
These upgrade cards plug directly into the 68040 socket, but when fitted cover the LC PDS expansion slot, making this slot unavailable for other expansion cards.
Miscellaneous
Some Quadra 605s have a Cuda reset switch which is used to manually reset the PRAM, located towards the rear of the motherboard just to the front of the audio out port and labeled "S1". Others do not include this switch, instead having two solder pads within a silkscreened square.
The keyboard power-on key will not start up a Quadra 605 as there is no soft power-on. Only the rocker switch at the back will turn a Quadra 605 on or off. Pressing the power-on key while booted is the same as selecting the Shut Down command in the Finder, and once a Quadra 605 has completed its shutdown process it will prompt the operator to manually turn it off.
Quadra 605s have no reset button or programmer's button, but key combinations can perform the same functions. To reset, users can hold down the Command, Control and Power keys. For a programmer's button click, users can hold down the Command and Power keys. There are some hard crash situations where even this is not enough to restore the system, in which case the power switch is the only recourse.
A modified Quadra 605 motherboard was used as the basis of early Apple Interactive Television Box prototypes. Later prototypes used their own board design, but still retained a resemblance to the 605.
Gestalt IDs
The standard Gestalt ID for a 25 MHz Quadra 605 is 94. The ID of the logic board that the Quadra 605 shares with other LC/Performa models depends on two things. Jumper J18 (located just behind the hard drive) will identify the computer as a Quadra 605 (ID 94 @ 25 MHz) if it is ON, and as an LC475/Performa 47x (ID 89 @ 25 MHz) if it is OFF. Over-clocking and under-clocking the motherboard also changes the Gestalt ID. A list of Gestalt IDs returned with various logic board modifications (speed as reported by Newer Technology's "Clockometer") are as follows
System software
A standard Quadra 605 is capable of running classic Mac OS versions 7.1, 7.1.1 (Pro), 7.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.3, 7.5.5, 7.6, 7.6.1, 8.0, and 8.1. With a PowerPC upgrade installed, it can run 8.5, 8.5.1, 8.6, 9.0, 9.0.1, 9.0.2, 9.0.3, 9.0.4 and 9.1. Versions of the System Software below 7.5 require the use of System Enabler 065. If a Quadra 605 is running a version of System 7.1, over-clocking it from the standard 25 MHz to 33 MHz will change the Gestalt ID, but the enabler will recognize the new ID. Under-clocking to 20 MHz, however, will change the Gestalt ID to one the enabler doesn't recognize as compatible, and the system won't boot. System 7.5 or later is not affected by this issue.
Timeline
References
External links
Quadra 605 profile at lowendmac.com
Quadra 605 at everymac.com
Quadra 605 at apple-history.com
Quadra 605 Specifications Repair and Upgrades
605
0605
Quadra 605
Quadra 605
Quadra 605
Quadra 605
Computer-related introductions in 1993
Products and services discontinued in 1994
Products and services discontinued in 1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20Quadra%20605 |
Terence Dolan (8 April 1943 – 20 April 2019) was an Irish lexicographer and radio personality. He was professor of Old and Middle English in the School of English and Drama at University College Dublin. He acted as the School's Research Co-ordinator, and was the director of the Hiberno-English Archive website. He appeared weekly on Seán Moncrieff's radio show (Mondays) on Newstalk 106. Podcasts of his appearances are available from Newstalk's website.
Life
Dolan was born in London of Irish parents, both of whom hailed from County Cavan. He was formerly a Hastings Senior Scholar of The Queen's College, Oxford. He was twice the National Endowment for the Humanities Distinguished Visiting Professor of the Humanities, University of Richmond, Virginia (in 1986 and 1992). He was a director of the international James Joyce summer school, Dublin. He is perhaps best known for his Dictionary of Hiberno-English which gives a comprehensive account of the English language as it is spoken in Ireland.
Illness and death
Dolan suffered a stroke in February 2008, and began a period of recuperation. He left Tallaght Hospital on 15 December 2008. He talked to Seán Moncrieff's about this experience, and also about the origins of medical words and about writing a book about the first hand experience of having a stroke and the recovery. He died on 20 April 2019.
Research interests
Dolan performed research in medieval English literature, Hiberno-English, lexicography, and James Joyce.
Selected publications
Dolan, T. P., 1998. A Dictionary of Hiberno-English: The Irish Use of English. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1999 (paperback).
Dolan, T. P., 2004. 'Is the Best English Spoken in Lower Drumcondra?', in A New & Complex Sensation: Essays on Joyce's Dubliners (ed.) Oona Frawley, 1–9, Dublin: Lilliput Press.
Dolan, T.P., The Compilation of A Dictionary of Hiberno-English Reviewed: Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Lexicography, University of Copenhagen.
Dolan, T. P., 2003. 'The English Language in an Irish Context' in Millennium Essays (ed. Michaeil Cronin).
Dolan, T. P., 2002. ‘Language Policy in the Republic of Ireland’ in Language Planning and Education (eds. J. M. Kirk & D. P. Ó Baoill) Belfast 144–156.
Dolan, T. P., 2002. ‘Devolution and Cultural Policy: A View from the Republic of Ireland’, in Ireland (Ulster) Scotland: Concepts, Contexts, Comparisons (eds. E. Longley, E. Hughes, & D. O’Rawe) Belfast, 50–53.
Dolan, T. P., 2003, 'The Theft of Joyce', James Joyce Bloomsday Magazine 33–35.
Dolan, T. P., 1999. 'Writing in Ireland', in The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature (ed. David Wallace). Cambridge University Press, 208–228.
Dolan, T. P. (ed.). 1990. 'The English of the Irish'. Special Issue: The Irish University Review, vol. 20, no. 1.
Dolan T. P. & Diarmuid O Muirthile, 1996. The Dialect of Forth and Bargy, Co. Wexford, Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
Dolan, T. P., 1991. 'Language in Ulysses' in Studies on Joyce's Ulysses. Jacqueline Genet—Elisabeth Hellegouarc'h (eds.). 131–142. Caen: G.D.R. d'Etudes anglo-irlandaises, Université de Caen.
Dolan, T. P., 1990. 'The Language of Dubliners' in James Joyce: The Artist and the Labyrinth. Augustine Martin (ed.), 25–40. London: Ryan Publishing.
Dolan, T. P., 1985. 'Sean O'Casey's Use of Hiberno-English' in Irland: Gesellschaft und Kultur IV. D. Siegmund-Schultze (ed.). 108–115. Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther Universität.
Dolan, T. P., 1991. 'The Literature of Norman Ireland' in The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing. Seamus Deane (ed.), vol. 1, Derry: Field Day Publications.
Dolan T. P., 1994. 'Samuel Beckett's Dramatic Use of Hiberno-English', Irish University Review, 14, 45–56.
Radio appearances
2002–Presenter, RTÉ Radio Series: 'Talking Proper: The English of the Irish'.
2002 – Contributor, RTÉ Radio Series, 'The Odd Word'.
2002 – 'Hiberno-English Lexicography', University of Joensuu, Finland.
2002 – 'Hiberno-English in Translation', University of São Paulo, Brazil.
2002 – 'The Compilation of A Dictionary of Hiberno-English Reviewed' University of Copenhagen.
2002 – 'Hiberno-English in the Context of Globalisation and Immigration', Ross Institute, East Hampton, New York.
2002 – 'Language Policy in the Republic of Ireland', Queen's University, Belfast.
1999 – 'Dictionary Joyce: Joyce and Lexicography', James Joyce Centre, Dublin.
1998 – 'The Compilation of a Dictionary of Hiberno-English', University of Potsdam.
1996 – For the Translation Service of the European Commission, in Brussels and Luxembourg. 'Why and How the Irish Speak English' ( to mark Ireland's Presidency of the European Commission ).
1992 – 'English and Irish in Competition', Jefferson Smurfit Fellowship Lecture, University of Missouri-Rolla.
References
Academics of University College Dublin
James Joyce scholars
20th-century Irish writers
21st-century Irish writers
Academics from London
British people of Irish descent
Irish lexicographers
1943 births
2019 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence%20Dolan |
Dalhousie Station may represent:
Dalhousie Station, Quebec, a town in Quebec
Dalhousie station (Calgary), a CTrain light rail station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Dalhousie Station (Montreal), a former railway station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Dalhousie Station (South Australia), a pastoral lease in South Australia
See also
Dalhousie (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalhousie%20Station |
Latin nationalism may refer to:
Pan-Latinism
Panhispanism
Ethnic nationalism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%20nationalism |
Aymoré Moreira (24 April 1912 – 26 July 1998) was a Brazilian football player and coach, who played as a goalkeeper. He was a brother of Zezé Moreira and Ayrton Moreira, both of whom were also successful coaches in Brazilian football.
Career
Moreira was born in Miracema, Rio de Janeiro. He began his career as a right-winger, but soon he changed to become a goalkeeper, playing for América, Palestra Itália and Botafogo, where he remained from 1936 to 1946 and earned call-ups to the Brazil national team, the "Canarinho" (Portuguese, Little Canary).
After his retirement as a player, he became a successful coach, leading the Brazil national team to its second FIFA World Cup in (1962). In the first match against Mexico national team, Pelé assisted on the first goal and scored the second one, later injuring himself while attempting a long-range shot against Czechoslovakia national team. This kept him out of the remainder of the tournament and forced Moreira to make his only lineup change of the tournament; bringing in Amarildo. The replacement duly scored in the final, a rematch against Czechoslovakia. Garrincha starred in the 3–1 win.
Moreira managed Brazil national team for 61 matches, with 37 wins, 9 draws and 15 losses. Besides winning the World Cup, he led the "Canarinha" to win the Taça Oswaldo Cruz in 1961 and 1962, Taça Bernardo O'Higgins in 1961 and 1966, Roca Cup in 1963 and Taça Rio Branco in 1967.
Among the clubs he coached were Bangu, Palmeiras, Portuguesa, Botafogo, São Paulo, Galícia and Panathinaikos.
Moreira died in Salvador, Bahia, aged 86.
Honours
International
Brazil
FIFA World Cup: 1962
Taça Oswaldo Cruz: 1961, 1962
Taça Bernardo O'Higgins: 1961, 1966
Copa Roca: 1963
Taça Rio Branco: 1967
References
External links
Aymoré Moreira in the Sports Museum
Sitedalusa.com
1912 births
1998 deaths
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazil men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Brazilian football managers
Brazilian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Portugal
Expatriate football managers in Greece
1962 FIFA World Cup managers
FIFA World Cup-winning managers
America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro) players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Fluminense FC players
Olaria Atlético Clube managers
Bangu Atlético Clube managers
São Cristóvão de Futebol e Regatas managers
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras managers
Brazil national football team managers
Santos FC managers
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos managers
São Paulo FC managers
CR Flamengo managers
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista managers
Boavista F.C. managers
FC Porto managers
Panathinaikos F.C. managers
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas managers
Associação Ferroviária de Esportes managers
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube managers
Esporte Clube Vitória managers
Esporte Clube Bahia managers
Galícia Esporte Clube managers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (state)
People from Miracema | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aymor%C3%A9%20Moreira |
Blair Rodman (born April 5, 1954, in Troy, New York) is an American professional poker player, based in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Rodman has been playing poker professionally since 1985, when he quit his job dealing craps.
He has had numerous finishes in the money at the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in hold'em, seven-card stud, and Omaha poker tournaments. In March 2005, he made his first World Poker Tour (WPT) final table, finishing 2nd to Arnold Spee in the 2005 World Poker Challenge. In May 2005, Rodman made the final table of the Professional Poker Tour event won by Ted Forrest. He also made the final tables at the 2nd and 3rd Ultimate Poker Challenge grand finals, finishing 2nd and 6th respectively. He made a second WPT final table in February 2006, again finishing 2nd, this time to Barry Greenstein in the Pro-Celebrity Invitational event. On July 1, 2007, Rodman won his first bracelet, in the 2007 World Series of Poker $2,000 No-Limit Hold'em event, winning $707,898.
As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,200,000. His 34 cashes at the WSOP account for $1,360,232 of those winnings.
Rodman is the co-author, with Lee Nelson, of the book Kill Phil: The Fast Track to Success in No-Limit Hold 'em Poker Tournaments ().
He is married to Roxy, whom he met while she worked as a poker dealer at the Mirage.
References
External links
World Poker Tour profile
Official Website for the book "Kill Phil."
Blair Rodman's blog
American poker players
World Series of Poker bracelet winners
Living people
1954 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair%20Rodman |
Snohomish High School (SHS) is a secondary school located in the Snohomish School District, in Snohomish, Washington, United States. SHS, built for 1200 students, contains 1,689 9th–12th graders (as of 2016–17). The school serves primarily those students living north of the Snohomish River (nearby Glacier Peak High School, serving those students living south of the river).
History
Before SHS actually opened it was a courthouse with a small jail section underneath. SHS first opened in 1894 at the completion of the original A building. The school underwent many remodels through the 1980s, including changes to the B building. These changes removed the last vestiges of 'old' Snohomish High School, making the building completely modern. Among the changes made to the B building were the removal of its decades-old fixed wooden bleachers and over-painting of many student-painted murals from the 1960s and earlier. There were also additions of music, science, and vocational buildings during this time. In an attempt to curb overcrowding, the C building was constructed and opened in 1999, adding ten more classrooms. As the school became more crowded, it received a grant to remodel the campus, tearing down the B building was a major change. Parts of B building have been incorporated into the schools newer buildings.
Sports and athletics
SHS is a member of the WESCO 3A division of Washington state, and has won several state championships in both boys’ and girls’ sports. Snohomish's biggest high school rivalry is against Glacier Peak High School.
State championships won
Baseball (1998, 2008)
Basketball, boys' (1970)
Cross country, boys' (1960, 1965)
Cross country, girls' (1995, 1996, 2002, 2003)
Football (1976, 1978)
Golf, boys' (2001, 2009)
Soccer, boys' (2000, 2006, 2014, 2015)
Soccer, girls' (1984, 1997)
Swimming, boys' (2006, 2007, 2008)
Track & Field, girls' (1988, 2001, 2002)
Notable alumni
Earl Averill Jr. - MLB player with the Cleveland Indians, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies, and an original member of the Los Angeles Angels; All American at University of Oregon
Steve Hardin - CFL player offensive guard
Jon Brockman, NBA player, University of Washington's all-time leading rebounder and second-all-time leading scorer
References
External links
Official Snohomish School District website
Educational institutions established in 1894
High schools in Snohomish County, Washington
Public high schools in Washington (state)
1894 establishments in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish%20High%20School |
In Patagonia is an English travel book by Bruce Chatwin, published in 1977, about Patagonia, the southern part of South America.
Preparations
During the Second World War, Chatwin and his mother stayed at the home of his paternal grandparents, who had a curiosity cabinet that fascinated him. Among the items it contained was a "piece of brontosaurus" (actually a mylodon, a giant sloth), which had been sent to Chatwin's grandmother by her cousin Charles Amherst Milward.
In a cave in Chilean Patagonia, Milward had discovered the remains of a giant sloth, which he later sold to the British Museum. He sent his cousin a piece of the animal's skin. The skin was later lost, but it inspired Chatwin decades later to visit Patagonia.
In 1972, Chatwin was hired by the Sunday Times Magazine as an adviser on art and architecture. In 1972, he interviewed the 93-year-old architect and designer Eileen Gray in her Paris salon, where he noticed a map of the area of South America called Patagonia, which she had painted. "I've always wanted to go there," Bruce told her. "So have I," she replied. "Go there for me."
In Patagonia
Two years later, in November 1974, Chatwin flew out to Lima, Peru, and reached Patagonia a month later. He would later claim that he sent a telegram to his editor, merely stating: "Have gone to Patagonia." Actually, he sent a letter: "I am doing a story there for myself, something I have always wanted to write up." He spent six months in the area, traveling around, gathering stories of people who came from elsewhere and settled there. He used his quest for his own "piece of brontosaurus" (the one from his grandparents' cabinet had been thrown away years earlier) to frame the story of his trip.
Chatwin described In Patagonia as "the narrative of an actual journey and a symbolic one ... It is supposed to fall into the category or be a spoof of Wonder Voyage: the narrator goes to a far country in search of a strange animal: on his way he lands in strange situations, people or other books tell him strange stories which add up to form a message."
Content
The book is experimental in the way that it is structured. It is divided into a total of 97 separate sections, some of which are as short as a lone paragraph. In a sense this construction with its frequent use of digression, rather than a linear structure, mirrors one of the underlying themes of the work as a whole: a meditation upon wandering and nomadism in human life. This is accentuated by the fact that many of the narratives of the people that Chatwin meets in the work involve discussions of the nomadic life.
Chatwin's route takes him from Buenos Aires south through Argentina as far as Ushuaia, and thence to Punta Arenas, Puerto Natales and the Cueva del Milodon in Chile. The many topics he discusses in the book include the landscape and wildlife of Patagonia, the history of European exploration and settlement, Butch Cassidy's time in Patagonia, anarchists and strikers, and the fate of the native inhabitants.
Reception
This work established Chatwin's reputation as a travel writer. One of his biographers, Nicholas Murray, called In Patagonia "one of the most strikingly original postwar English travel books" and said that it revitalised the genre of travel writing.
The New York Times described it as a "little masterpiece of travel, history, and adventure." Some reviewers compared it with classics of travel literature such as Travels by Sir John Mandeville, Eothen by Alexander Kinglake and The Road to Oxiana by Robert Byron.
However, residents in the region contradicted the account of events depicted in Chatwin's book. It was the first time in his career, but not the last, that conversations and characters which Chatwin presented as fact were later alleged to be fiction. In the words of his biographer Nicholas Shakespeare, "Critics ... suspected that a number of Chatwin's brontosauri were mylodons."
Some editions of In Patagonia contain 15 black and white photographs by Chatwin. According to Susannah Clapp, who edited the book, "Rebecca West amused Chatwin by telling him that these were so good they rendered superfluous the entire text of the book."
Prizes
For In Patagonia Chatwin received the Hawthornden Prize and the E. M. Forster Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
References
General
«El mito del escritor viajero - Diario La Nación - 13 de enero de 1999»
Citations
1977 non-fiction books
British travel books
Books by Bruce Chatwin
Patagonia
Jonathan Cape books
History books about South America
Hawthornden Prize-winning works
English non-fiction books
Books about Argentina
Books about Chile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20Patagonia |
Route 55 is a state highway in the western part of the U.S. state of Connecticut, running from the New York state line in Sherman to New Milford. It functions as an extension of New York State Route 55 to US 7.
Route description
Route 55 begins at the New York state line in rural northern Sherman, connecting with New York State Route 55 in the hamlet of Webatuck (ultimately leading to New York State Route 22). It travels eastward for then intersects with the northern end of Route 39, which leads to the town center of Sherman. Route 55 continues east for another , entering New Milford for about , then briefly crossing back into Sherman for another , before returning to New Milford. Route 55 becomes Webatuck Road in New Milford, running for another until it ends in the Gaylordsville section of New Milford at an intersection with US 7 near the Housatonic River. Within the town of Sherman, Route 55 has no street name and is known simply as "Route 55". Route 55 is a rural collector road and carries average daily traffic volumes of 3,100 between Route 39 and US 7.
History
In the 1920s, the road between the New York state line (towards the hamlet of Webatuck) and the Gaylordsville section of New Milford was designated as a state highway known as Highway 129. The old state highway was renumbered to modern Route 55 as part of the 1932 state highway renumbering. The number 55 was chosen to match New York State Route 55 across the state line, which was also extended north from its original eastern terminus in Pawling to Wingdale (via an overlap with New York State Route 22) and then east through Webatuck to the Connecticut state line.
Major intersections
References
053
Transportation in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Transportation in Litchfield County, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Route%2055 |
San Fernando station is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. The station has two side platforms and two trackways. San Fernando station is served by the Green Line of the VTA Light Rail system.
The station was opened in 2005 as part of VTA's Vasona light rail extension.
Location
San Fernando station is located along West San Fernando Street, between Delmas Avenue and South Autumn Street in the city of San Jose. The station is located about three blocks away from the SAP Center at San Jose and one block away from a trailhead for the Guadalupe River Trail.
History
San Fernando Station was built as part of the Vasona Light Rail extension project. This project extended VTA light rail service from the intersection of Woz Way and West San Carlos St in San Jose in a southwesterly direction to the Winchester station in western Campbell.
The official opening date for this station was to be October 1, 2005; however, service to San Fernando station and San Jose Diridon station started earlier than planned with a soft launch the weekend of July 29, 30, and 31, 2005 to accommodate attendees of the inaugural San Jose Grand Prix race. San Fernando station and San Jose Diridon station opened for normal revenue service on August 1, 2005 and the rest of the line opened on October 1, 2005.
The construction of this station and the rest of the Vasona Light Rail extension was part of the 1996 Measure B Transportation Improvement Program. Santa Clara County voters approved the Measure B project in 1996 along with a half-percent sales tax increase. The Vasona Light Rail extension was funded mostly by the resulting sales tax revenues with additional money coming from federal and state funding, grants, VTA bond revenues, and municipal contributions.
Architecture/public art
The San Fernando Station features three public art sculptures. They are entitled “King of the Urban Jungle,” “Simba × 2,” and “Lying Beast.” All three statues are arranged together on a small circular piece of lawn on the south edge of the station.
"Artist Iiona Malka Rich created this sculpture of three, multicolored striped lions with illuminating eyes (using fiber optics) from a bronze-like material. One has eight legs with two heads, and the other two lions have six legs each. The theme for this art feature is “Life is a Circus” which is inscribed around the base of the artwork. In addition, lion footprints are “stamped” on the ground through the plaza to replicate the natural movement of these unique animals."
References
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus stations
Railway stations in San Jose, California
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2005
2005 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Fernando%20station%20%28VTA%29 |
Bush is a British consumer electronics brand owned by J Sainsbury plc (Sainsbury's), the parent company of the retailer Argos. The former Bush company is one of the most famous manufacturers of early British radios. The company is now defunct, but the Bush brand name survives as a private label brand for budget electronics. Today, all Bush are sold exclusively at Argos and Sainsbury's, with Argos having a wider selection.
History
Original Bush company
The company was founded in 1932 as Bush Radio from the remains of the Graham Amplion company, which had made horn loudspeakers as a subsidiary of the Gaumont British Picture Corporation. The brand name comes from Gaumont's Shepherd's Bush studios. The company expanded rapidly moving to a new factory at Power Road, Chiswick in 1936.
Bush became part of the Rank empire in 1945 and a brand new factory was opened at Ernesettle, Plymouth in 1949. In 1946 the DAC90, designed by Frank Middleditch, featured in the V&A exhibition Britain Can Make It. The original model in black became very popular and was succeeded by the DAC90A in other colours, and export models with dials in different languages. In 1950 the DAC10 radios were launched, along with the distinctive TV22 television.
The Bush TR82 transistor radio, designed by Ogle Design, and launched in 1959, is regarded as an icon of early radio design. Although the first radio to use the Ogle cabinet design was actually the MB60, a battery/mains valve set from 1957 to 1959.
The original Bush Radio company merged with Murphy Radio on 4 June 1962, and a new company was formed called Rank Bush Murphy Ltd. In 1978, Rank Bush Murphy was sold to British conglomerate Great Universal Stores.
Rank formed a joint venture with Toshiba in 1978 called Rank Toshiba, and manufactured Toshiba designed televisions in Ernesettle UK. In 1980 Rank terminated its agreement with Toshiba and the joint company was wound up. Toshiba took over the UK factory and continued to manufacture television sets alone.
Purchase in the 1980s
The Bush brand name disappeared from the British market during the 1980s. However, since the purchase of the brand by Alba Group in 1986 (now known as Harvard International), it once again became common, being used primarily on electronic goods produced in China and televisions made in Turkey.
Sale to Home Retail Group
In November 2008, the Bush brand name, along with Alba, was purchased by Home Retail Group, the parent company of Homebase and Argos, for £15.25 million. As a result, the former Alba Group has now been renamed Harvard International. Harvard International still owns the Bush brand in Oceania. In 2013 a 7-inch tablet called MyTablet was released under the Bush brand; it cost £99.99.
Purchase by Sainsbury's
In September 2016, the British supermarket chain Sainsbury's completed its acquisition of Home Retail Group, bringing Argos, along with the Alba and Bush brands, under its ownership.
In 2022 the Bush brand replaced the Alba brand, enabling Sainsbury's to have one main own brand electronics brand.
Product range
Current products
Bush now has products including: televisions, boomboxes, shelf stereos, set-top boxes, washing machines, radios, trimmers, headsets, headphones, ovens, cookers, fridges, computer mice, webcams, microphones, turntables, DVD players, Blu-ray players, home cinemas, MP3 players, MP4 players, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, camcorders, smartphones and tablets.
At least some of the Bush TV sets and some white goods are made by Turkish company Vestel.
Reproductions of classic Bush Radio models from the 1950s and 1960s are also being sold today under the Bush brand. Some of these units also include DAB tuners.
Former products
A range known as Bush iD was used to brand items such as digital radios and set-top boxes under the Bush name since the 1980s. Since the purchase by Home Retail Group in 2008, the Bush iD branding is no longer used.
Marketing and branding
Bush has had a number of different logos over the years. It had a long-standing one between the 1990s and 2014, and a separate one for its former Bush iD range.
Gallery
References
Sources
Radio and television brands Alba and Bush sold to Argos owner Home Retail Group
Home Retail Group signs contract for Intellectual Property Rights to Bush and Alba Trademarks
Bush Freesat Website
External links
Bush at Argos.co.uk
Article on vintage Bush radios
1950 Bush television https://web.archive.org/web/20151004114901/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/radio_communication/1971-76.aspx
Traditional Bush Radios for sale
Bush Australia
Electronics companies of the United Kingdom
Electronics companies established in 1932
Consumer electronics brands
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Headphones manufacturers
British brands
Companies based in Milton Keynes
Display technology companies
1932 establishments in England
Radio manufacturers
Sainsbury's | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush%20%28brand%29 |
James Lee Howell (September 27, 1914 – January 4, 1995) was an American football player and coach for the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Giants. Howell was born in Arkansas, and played college football and basketball at the University of Arkansas.
Playing career
He was drafted by the Giants in the 1937 NFL Draft, and played wide receiver and defensive back from 1937 to 1947. While playing for the Giants, he was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives to represent Lonoke County in 1940 and served one term during the January to March 1941 session of the legislature.
Coaching career
After his playing career ended, he was head coach for Wagner College football.
Howell returned to the Giants in 1954 as head coach, succeeding fan, media, and player favorite Steve Owen after 21 years. Howell quickly hired Vince Lombardi as his offensive coordinator. Shortly afterward, he named punter and defensive back Tom Landry to defensive coordinator, a post which Landry retained after he retired as a player after the 1955 season. From 1954 to 1960, the Giants played in three NFL Championship Games, defeating George Halas's Chicago Bears in 1956 by the score of 47–7.
During Howell's seven seasons as head coach, he earned a career 53–27–4 record, with a .663 winning percentage. He drafted and coached a roster of stars, including six future Pro Football Hall of Famers, Sam Huff, Andy Robustelli, Rosey Brown, Emlen Tunnell, Frank Gifford, and Don Maynard. Although his conservative, defense-oriented style was unpopular with the fans and media, the Giants' success on the field was more satisfying. Several other players from this era went on to become head coaches and broadcasters. His winning percentage of .663 is 12th alltime in NFL history.
Howell played and coached in an era when football went from a relatively simple game, to one of great complexity with schemes, formations, and playbooks designed to deceive as much as over power. With future Hall of Famers Lombardi and Landry as coordinators, Howell's job was frequently to play the diplomat within his own team.
After football
Howell stayed with the team as Director of Player Personnel until his retirement in 1981. He died on January 4, 1995, in Lonoke, Arkansas.
The Professional Football Researchers Association named Howell to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2007
Howell appeared on the April 30, 1957, episode of To Tell The Truth posing as a Texas Ranger.
Head coaching record
College
NFL
See also
History of the New York Giants (1925–1978)
References
External links
1914 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American football ends
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball players
New York Giants players
New York Giants head coaches
Democratic Party members of the Arkansas House of Representatives
Wagner Seahawks football coaches
People from Lonoke, Arkansas
Players of American football from Arkansas
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Lee%20Howell |
"Money to Burn" is a song by English singer-songwriter Richard Ashcroft and is the eighth track on his 2000 album Alone with Everybody. The song was also released on 12 June 2000 as the second single from that album in the United Kingdom. The single peaked at No. 17 in the UK Singles Chart.
Music video
A video directed by Jonathan Glazer, who had already directed the video for "A Song for the Lovers", was in production and had cost half a million pounds, but Ashcroft cancelled it because he didn't think that Glazer's take "captured the mood of the song." Ashcroft then hired Robert Hales to direct the new video which took place on Wall Street.
Track listing
CD HUTCD136, 12-inch HUTT136, cassette HUTC136
"Money to Burn" – 6:15
"Leave Me High" – 5:22
"XXYY" – 4:24
References
2000 singles
2000 songs
Hut Records singles
Music videos directed by Robert Hales
Richard Ashcroft songs
Song recordings produced by Chris Potter (record producer)
Songs written by Richard Ashcroft | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money%20to%20Burn%20%28Richard%20Ashcroft%20song%29 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.