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India (born May 17, 1977) is a former pornographic actress, singer and rapper.
She began working as an adult actress in around 1998 and has since appeared in over 200 videos. For five years she was an exclusive contract girl for the production company Video Team, and she has an exclusive sex toy line, manufactured by California Exotic Novelties.
India owns the record company Black Widow Entertainment, and in 2006 she released her debut solo album Role Play. She had previously been a member of several girl groups; her first album, Hi Naturally, was released in 1994 when she was in the group Harmony Innocents. In July 2002 she was profiled on VH1's All Access hip-hop/porn special. In 2004 her vocals featured in the movie Walking Tall, starring Dwayne Johnson.
Awards and nominations
2000 AVN Award nominee – Best New Starlet
2004 AVN Award nominee – Most Outrageous Sex Scene – Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp
2004 AVN Award nominee – Best Tease Performance – Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp
2008 AVN Award nominee – Best Supporting Actress, Video – Afrodite Superstar
2011 Urban X Awards Hall of Fame
References
External links
American pornographic film actresses
1977 births
Living people
African-American pornographic film actors
American women singers
American women rappers
African-American women rappers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
21st-century women rappers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%20%28actress%29 |
Area codes 610, 484, and 835 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the eastern and southeastern regions of Pennsylvania. The numbering plan area (NPA) includes regions to the west of Philadelphia and the cities Allentown, Bethlehem, and Reading. It includes much of the Delaware Valley, including almost all of Delaware County, most of the Philadelphia Main Line, and all of the Lehigh Valley.
History
Area code 610 was assigned on January 8, 1994, in an area code split from numbering plan area 215, which had been the entire southeast quadrant of Pennsylvania since 1947. Permissive dialing of both 215 and 610 continued until the morning of January 7, 1995. It was Pennsylvania's first new area code since the definition of the area code system in 1947.
Three exchanges which would have switched to 610 were instead switched to 717, the area code for most of the eastern half of the state outside of the lower Delaware and Lehigh Valleys. The central office prefixes were 267 at Denver, 445 at Terre Hill, and 484 at Adamstown with 267 being renumbered as 717-336 because 717-267 was already in use at Chambersburg. These exchanges were all served by independent, non-Bell telephone companies, which sought to consolidate their eastern Pennsylvania customers into one area code and would have had to change area codes regardless.
This was intended as a long-term solution, but further growth in the region over the subsequent five years, and the proliferation of cell phones and pagers, spurred the introduction of area code 484 as an overlay for the 610 region on June 5, 1999, along with the introduction of mandatory ten-digit dialing.
Area code 835 was intended as an additional code for the 610/484 overlay, as announced by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission in May 2000, and to be implemented in 2001. However, newly developed, more efficient number pooling measures were introduced instead, eliminating the immediate need for the new area code. The Commission formally withdrew plans for the new code on June 23, 2005, although the code remained reserved for later use within Pennsylvania if necessary. Area code 835 was eventually approved by the Public Utility Commission on December 2, 2021. Assignment of central office codes in the new area code began on September 2, 2022.
When area codes were introduced in 1947, their middle digit was either 0 or 1. In 1994, area code 610 was the last area code assigned with digit 1 in that position. The next new area codes assigned in 1995 (334 in Alabama, and 360 in Washington state) were the first interchangeable area codes.
Prior usage of 610 for TWX
In 1962, AT&T assigned NPA 610 for conversion to dial service of the Teletypewriter Exchange Service (TWX) in Canada.
While Telex II use of area codes was terminated in 1981 in the US by Western Union, Canadian use of 610 continued until October 31, 1993, when it was exchanged in a flash cut for area code 600 for non-geographic applications.
Service area
The following counties and municipalities are in the numbering plan area:
Counties
Berks County: The entire county except the extreme western portions (in 717), extreme northern portions (in 570) and the Hereford area, which is served by the Pennsburg exchange in the 215/267 area code.
Bucks County: The northeastern portion of the county is served by the Coopersburg, Springtown, Riegelsville, and Ferndale exchanges.
Carbon County: The southern portion of the county is served by 377 Lehighton and 824 and 826 Palmerton exchanges. The western end of the county, including Lansford and Summit Hill, use 610 and 484 for mobile and digital numbers while retaining 570 and 645 for conventional phone numbers.
Chester County: The entire county except the extreme western portion, which is served by the 717 and 442 Gap exchange].
Delaware County: The entire county
Lancaster County: Only the far southeastern portion of the county centered on Christiana. The rest of county uses the 717 area code.
Lebanon County: Newmanstown is the only Lebanon County municipality to use 610 as its area code, specifically 610-589-XXXX, which is also used by Womelsdorf.
Lehigh County: The entire county except the southwestern portion, which is served by the Pennsburg exchange in the 215 and 267 overlay.
Monroe County: The far southwestern portion of the county
Montgomery County: The southern and western portions of the county. Other areas of the county are served by the 215 and 267 area codes.
New Castle County, Delaware - A few residences along West Ridge Road and Sterling Avenue in Claymont, Delaware use the 610, 484, and 835 exchange.
Northampton County: The entire county except the northeastern portions, including Portland and Upper Bethel Township, which are in the 570 area code
Schuylkill County: The southern and eastern fringes of the county, including portions of East Brunswick, West Brunswick, and West Penn Township, which are served by the Lehighton, Germansville, and Kempton exchanges. Port Clinton is assigned to 610 and 484; however, the majority of it is in 570 and 272, and even smaller portions, including Tower City, is in 717.
Towns and cities
Allentown
Bethlehem
Catasauqua
Chadds Ford
Chester
Christiana
Downingtown
Easton
Emmaus
Exton
Folsom
Gap
Hamburg
Havertown
Kutztown
Lehighton
Macungie
Malvern
Media
Newtown Square
North Catasauqua
Northampton
Oxford
Palmerton
Paoli
Pottstown
Reading
Shillington
Sinking Spring
Tamaqua
Upper Darby
West Chester
Whitehall Township
Willistown
Wind Gap
Wyomissing
See also
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
List of Pennsylvania area codes
References
External links
North American Numbering Plan Administration
610 and 484
610 and 484
Berks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Carbon County, Pennsylvania
Chester County, Pennsylvania
Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
Monroe County, Pennsylvania
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Northampton County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1994
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20610%2C%20484%2C%20and%20835 |
Municipal elections were held in South Africa on 1 March 2006, to elect members to the local governing councils in the municipalities of South Africa. The municipalities form the local government of South Africa and are subdivisions of the provinces, thus making them responsible for local service delivery, such as electricity, water and fire services.
All major political parties, excepting the SACP who are members of the Tripartite alliance, fielded candidates in the election. The expected winner, the African National Congress (ANC) won the majority of seats nationwide, with 66.3% of the vote. These elections were seen as a test of the ANC, after some discontent with the speed of the delivery of new services at the municipal level in South Africa. The official opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DA) took 14.8% of votes nationwide, placing them in second overall. The Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party took 8.1% of the vote, or third place, while the new party formed under the leadership of Patricia de Lille, the Independent Democrats took 2.0%, placing them fourth of all major political parties.
However, because rural electors have an additional vote compared to urban voters (for district council), a fairer representation of popular party support is given by the percentage of proportional representation votes (excluding district council votes and ward votes) i.e. African National Congress (ANC) with 65.7% of the vote, the Democratic Alliance (DA) with 16.3% of votes nationwide, Inkatha Freedom Party with 7.6% of the vote and 2.2% for the Independent Democrats.
Campaign
The campaign focused around the delivery of services, particularly to townships after 12 years of democracy in the country. Riots and large-scale protests had broken out before the elections in certain townships around the country. All parties promised to speed up delivery of services. In Durban the shack dwellers' movement Abahlali baseMjondolo boycotted the elections under the slogan 'No Land! No House! No Vote!'
Results
The ANC won a majority in most of the councils of Northern Cape Province, North West Province, Gauteng Province, Mpumalanga Province, Limpopo Province and Eastern Cape Province.
The DA won the largest share of votes in the City of Cape Town but did not achieve a majority, and hence was not able to form a government on its own. The DA mayoral candidate Helen Zille formed the city government and was elected mayor with the support of numerous minority parties. This was achieved in spite of the Independent Democrats siding with the African National Congress. The ID subsequently joined the DA-led coalition, strengthening its majority.
The Inkatha Freedom Party won the majority in KwaZulu-Natal Province, although it lost support overall, when compared to the previous election, and did not win the major economic centres in the province.
Detailed national results
* PR=Proportional representation DC=District Council
Geography
The map to the right shows the winner in each of the six metropolitan municipalities, 231 local municipalities and 20 District Management Areas (DMAs) in South Africa.
The ANC (green) won 5 metropolitan municipalities and 198 local municipalities.
The IFP (red) won 26 local municipalities.
The DA (blue) won 1 metropolitan municipality and 6 local municipalities.
The Laingsburg Gemeenskaps Party (grey) won only the Laingsburg local municipality.
By Metropolitan Municipality
Nelson Mandela Bay
In the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, the ANC retained its majority in the metropolitan government, with Nondumiso Maphazi succeeding Nceba Faku as mayor of the municipality; Maphazi was also the first female mayor of the municipality. The ANC also captured 81 seats with 66.53 percent of the votes. The DA won 30 seats, the ID three and the other six seats were divided between smaller parties, including the FF+, ACDP, PAC and UIF.
Johannesburg
In the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, the ANC retained its majority in the metropolitan government, and incumbent executive mayor Amos Masondo was re-elected to a second six-year term. The DA contested all wards, with opposition councillor Mike Moriarty unsuccessfully challenging Masondo for mayor.
Tshwane
In the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, the ANC retained its majority in the metropolitan government, with former Gauteng Health MEC Gwen Ramokgope elected to succeed Smangaliso Mkhatshwa as mayor of Tshwane; Ramokgope also became the first female mayor of the municipality. Gwen was challenged by DA councillor Fred Nel for the seat.
Ekurhuleni
In the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, the ANC retained its majority in the metropolitan government, with incumbent mayor Duma Moses Nkosi re-elected to a second term in office. He was challenged by DA councillor Eddie Taylor.
eThekwini
In the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, the ANC retained its majority in the metropolitan government, with Obed Mlaba being elected to a third term (his second six-year term) in office as mayor of the municipality. The ANC's mandate was increased by an estimated 115,000 votes, at the expense of the IFP, as was the case in several other parts of KwaZulu-Natal.
Cape Town
In the City of Cape Town, the Democratic Alliance was the largest single party in the City Council with 90 of the 210 seats on the council, ahead of the African National Congress's 81 seats, but with no party holding a majority.
The African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) with 7 councillors, drew an unlikely array of five smaller political parties together to form a king-maker block of 16 Councillors that eventually agreed to work with the DA's 90 in a multi-party government (MPG) rather than the ANC /Independent Democrats alliance. The MPG's 106 councillors agreed to elect the DA's Helen Zille as Executive Mayor, the ACDP as Executive Deputy Mayor, the Speaker post was held by the one elected councillor from the Freedom Front Plus, whilst the United Democratic Movement (1 councillor), the Universal Party (1 councillor) and the Africa Muslim Party (2 councillors) took up seats on the Mayoral Committee. This fragile MPG survived until January 2007 when the AMP was expelled from the MPG for conspiring with the ANC. The ID was drawn into the MPG when the ACDP offered up its Executive Deputy Mayors post. This brought about a stable MPG
By district
Cacadu
In the Cacadu District Municipality, the African National Congress won Makana, Kouga, Ndlambe, Camdeboo, Sunday's River Valley, Blue Crane, Kou-Kamma, Ikwezi, and Aberdeen. The Democratic Alliance won Baviaans.
Sedibeng
In the Sedibeng District Municipality, the African National Congress won Emfuleni and Lesedi. The Democratic Alliance won Midvaal.
West Coast
In the West Coast District Municipality, the African National Congress won Matzikama, Cederberg, Bergrivier, and Saldanha Bay. The Democratic Alliance won Swartland.
Overberg
In the Overberg District Municipality, the African National Congress won Theewaterskloof, Cape Agulhas, and Swellendam. The Democratic Alliance won Overstrand.
Eden
In the Eden District Municipality, the African National Congress won Kannaland, Hessequa, Knysna, Oudtshoorn, and Bitou. The Democratic Alliance won Mossel Bay and George.
Central Karoo
In the Central Karoo District Municipality, the African National Congress won Beaufort West and Prince Albert. The Laingsburg Gemeenskaps Party won Laingsburg.
References
External links
Independent Electoral Commission
ANC
Democratic Alliance
Inkatha Freedom Party
Independent Democrats
Max du Preez on the plight of the poor in South Africa prior to the local elections
2006
2006 elections in South Africa
March 2006 events in South Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20South%20African%20municipal%20elections |
Dissaving is negative saving. If spending is greater than disposable income, dissaving is taking place. This spending is financed by already accumulated savings, such as money in a savings account, or it can be borrowed. Household dissaving therefore corresponds to an absolute decrease in their financial investments.
Usually dissavings start after retirement, when an individual starts deducting money from the amount that he has been saving during his life time. There are also other reasons for dissavings; like big purchases, huge events, and emergencies.
On the macro level, also governments could reach a certain situation where they start dissaving from their accumulated funds.
Why people save
Savings is when an income contributor keeps a certain amount of the income on a side (saving account) and start having an accumulative amount of money based on their savings. People usually save money for certain reasons such as:
1- Emergencies are those unexpected emerging events that might happen in a persons life and that might need a certain amount of money in order for it to be satisfied/solved (such as a health emergency, unexpected damage in some equipment, etc…). In such cases, having financial security can help reduces the chances of borrowing money or taking loans.
2- Kids education is one of the most crucial choices on an households future, therefore parents usually worry about their kids educations and are always willing save money for the increasing educational fees, or potential improvement in the degree obtained.
4- Big purchases like cars, house, or equipments wouldn’t be easily to be bought without any saved amount as sometimes they might constitute of more than 1.5 times of the monthly salary. Buying big purchases fills the satisfaction of the buyer depending on his/her preferences and willingness, leading to an improved well-being situation.
5- Accumulating wealth or increasing the cash reserves also help invest some money at the bank where the investor would be getting a certain interest rate on his/her saving account.
Once an individual starts deducting a certain amount of money for any of these purposes, in addition to daily expenses, here starts the dissaving process.
Why people dissave
There are multiple reasons why people dissave. The first one is that a person accumulates savings for the purpose of spending them after retirement. This type of dissaving is intentional and voluntary and requires planning how much to save and dissave in order not to run out of money in their savings. Another reason is that a person experiences a shock, e.g. sudden unemployment or medical emergency and is forced to spend more than they earn. This person first dissaves from their personal savings and possibly later has to borrow money to finance their expenses. Third reason is that a person lacks judgment and lives above their means. These people finance their spendings from credit and are the most prone to shocks which may lead to personal bankruptcy.
We can also assimilate a request for credit to early dissaving. Indeed, a household that has a consumer credit for the acquisition of a good commits to repay the loan and the interest on its future income, which reduces its future savings.
Dissaving was reported as a typical response to deficits, for households with normal income and expenditure patterns during the depression of the 1930s.
Although this phenomenon is very rare at the collective level, it is quite common at the individual level since, the purpose of savings is to one day be used for consumer purchases. With a phenomenon of dissaving at the collective level would be bad for the economy of a country since it is used for financing. Zero savings would practically prevent the financing of new investments and therefore potential growth. Dismissals at the collective level would have even more important consequences because the decrease in outstanding investments would lead to a drop in the quotations of financial securities (stocks and bonds) and would risk putting the banks and the systems of collecting savings into bankruptcy. following a liquidity crisis. Massive dissaving to consumption can also lead to inflation risks if the production of consumer goods is not sufficient to meet new demand.
Saving and dissaving lifecycle
The life-cycle approach of the saving and dissaving decisions
Lowest tier people with the lowest income tent to save little while they are still working, which leads to a little dissavings as a consequence after their retirement. Even if they were somehow fortunate and could save some amount of money during their working/production life, they would still have few savings that they would consume in few months. (Low savings, low dissavings)
Highest tier people with the highest income are considered to have high amount of savings, which in contract, they tend to dissave less. Such dissavings happen when they face health diseases, or when they have to pay some long-term expenses. (High savings, low dissavings)
Middle tier people who have middle income, they show some aspects of savings and dissavings during their life-cycle, specially when we think about pensions and health shocks or diseases we can see that medium income people try to save as much as they can during their life-cycle, and once they face a health shock or when they start getting less pension, a significant drop in the saving account can be noticed, which means an increase in the dissavings.
Inflation and dissavings
Another reason of dissaving is that when an individual is expecting an increase in the inflation rate, they would be willing to consume more and more of the current saved account as they expecting the value of money to be less.
Dissaving at the retirement age
People at the age of 20 when they start working and making income their income curve starts exceeding the consumption line which is when they start saving money. Until they reach the retirement age which is 65, their income curve start receding the consumption curve which is where dissaving start taking place; this is mainly when an elder start deducting from his saving amounts for his daily expenses and other emergencies.
Governments dissavings
Dissavings can also occur on the macroeconomic level, that’s when the government tend to spend all the accumulated savings and the available funds, specially when a natural disaster happens such as an earthquake, wildfire, or hurricane.
Other causes might be due to civil disorders, hyperinflation, or war.
A real example of dissaving
In December 2019 until January 2019, when the US faced a governmental shutdown, most of the governmental employees were forced to take an unpaid leave from their work. The consequence of this forced unpaid leave is that these employees started to dissave just to keep up with their daily living expenses and basic obligations, even if it wasn’t their fault.
Intro
The life-cycle hypothesis of saving, of Ando and Modigliani, proposes that people work and save when they are young and retire and dissave when they become elderly.
However, this theory is not fully verified, at least in France. The savings rate is falling due to the aging of the population. In fact, the savings rate continues to increase beyond the age of 50, reaching 22.5% for those over 60. This phenomenon is undoubtedly explained in part by the concern to pass on wealth to subsequent generations as well as to cover unforeseen health expenses.
Relevant studies
Hayashi, Ando, and Ferris investigated whether the elderly save or dissave and found for the United States that families after retirement dissave on average about a third of their peak wealth by the time of death, leaving the rest (mostly their homes) as bequests. In contrast they found that for Japan the elderly forming independent households and those living with children continue to save, for all but the most elderly. From age 80 or more and, also the single elderly of all ages, the dissaving patterns were evident.
Later evidence presented by Horioka reinforces the life cycle hypothesis in Japan.
Clara Fernström researched whether there is any correlation between the dissaving of a person and the person’s age, gender, marital status, income and the probability of surviving until the following year. Her study shows following results and provides possible explanation as follows:
Annual savings increase with lower survival probability. That might be explained by either bequest motives or the low utility rate of consumption for a person with low survival probability. Person with low survival probability is likely to be ill and not able to enjoy the consumption as much as a healthy person, therefore they decide to consume little.
People with low income show less dissaving after a shock than people with high income. People with low income usually have low savings, therefore don’t have the possibility to dissave without borrowing. However, people with high savings can choose how much to dissave.
People with children save more than childless people, which is explained by wanting to leave a bequest for their offspring.
Married individuals save less than the singles. Unlike people with children, there seems to be no visible intent to save for bequest reasons. Moreover, it is possible that the utility rate of consumption is higher for married individuals, as the utility is shared with their spouse. Moreover, single people save more, because they can’t rely financially on their husband or wife.
Older people dissave less than younger people, which is probably linked to the fact that older people have generally lower probability of survival.
See also
Autonomous consumption
Debt
Retirement spend down
References
External links
Steven Haider, Michael Hurd, Elaine Reardon and Stephanie Williamson, "Patterns of Dissaving in Retirement", AARP, 2000.
Personal finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissaving |
The Gardens Mall is a two-story, enclosed shopping mall in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The mall features Macy's, Bloomingdale's, Saks Fifth Avenue, Nordstrom, and Sears.
History
The Gardens Mall, originally called The Gardens of The Palm Beaches, was developed by The Forbes Company, based in Southfield, Michigan. On October 5, 1988, the mall opened with three initial anchor stores: Burdines, Sears and the second Macy's in Florida. Bloomingdales and Saks Fifth Avenue joined as tenants in 1990. Burdines was shuttered in 2003 as Federated Department Stores (now Macy's, Inc.), the owners of the Macy's chain, consolidated all its nameplates into the Macy's brand, which already had a location at the mall. In March 2006, Nordstrom opened on the former Burdines site instead.
In 2005, the Florida Department of Transportation completed a new interchange at PGA Boulevard (SR 786) and SR 811, providing direct access from the mall entrance to I-95.
In October 2007, the mall underwent minor renovations. The fountain in the center was altered and the center court's garden theme was replaced with a more modern look. In April 2019, Macy's opened Macy's Backstage.
Anchors
Macy's/Macy's Backstage
Bloomingdale's
Saks Fifth Avenue
Nordstrom
Sears
Junior anchors
H&M (2010 - 2021)
Former anchors
Burdines
References
Shopping malls in Palm Beach County, Florida
Shopping malls established in 1988
1988 establishments in Florida
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gardens%20Mall |
Robert Anderson was mayor of Williamsburg, Virginia three times. He served from 1812 to 1813, 1820 to 1821 and finally 1828 to 1829.
References
Mayors of Williamsburg, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Anderson%20%28mayor%29 |
Basarab railway station () in Bucharest is situated near the city's main station, Gara de Nord. Built in 1959 to handle a share of the main station's traffic and mainly used by short-distance commuter trains run by Căile Ferate Române, it is often considered to be an annex of Gara de Nord, to which it is linked by a footbridge.
Basarab railway station is served directly by the Bucharest Metro system, via Basarab metro station. The underground passageway to the Metro station can also be used to cross the train tracks of Gara de Nord, since it has exits on both sides of the tracks.
RATB lines:
Tram lines: 1 (on the Basarab Bridge), 35, and 44.
Trolleybus lines: 65 and 86 (only Grivița side).
Bus lines: 105, 123, 133, 162, 178, 282.
Express Bus lines: 780 (Basarab railway station – Henri Coandă International Airport).
Railway stations in Bucharest
Railway stations opened in 1959
1959 establishments in Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basarab%20railway%20station |
The 2001 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 69th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 16 and 17 June 2001.
Background
Preview
The 2001 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 69th edition of the race and took place at the Circuit de la Sarthe road racing circuit close by Le Mans, France from 16 to 17 June. The race was first held in 1923 after the automotive journalist Charles Faroux, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) general secretary Georges Durand and the industrialist Emile Coquile agreed to hold a test of vehicle reliability and durability. It is considered the world's most prestigious sports car race and is part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport.
Track and regulation changes
After the 2000 race, the ACO and the French government modified the Route nationale 138 which forms the Mulsanne Straight, by decreasing the height of a hill by on the approach to the Mulsanne Corner where Mark Webber had an airborne accident in a Mercedes-Benz CLR during a warm-up session for the 1999 edition. Work in the area costing almost F6.5 million was mandated by motor racing's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), to comply with road safety regulations and traffic using the area was diverted onto an alternate route. It commenced on 1 December 2000 with the removal of of cuttings and continued until mid-March 2001. Other changes included a widening of the run-off area to the outside on the approach to the right-hand Indianapolis corner and a gravel trap and spectator section was moved further back in an attempt to enhance safety.
The ACO allowed cars in the Le Mans Prototype 675 (LMP675) category to be installed with a V6 turbocharged engine with a maximum capacity of up from a V4 power unit in the 2000 event. Teams could also fit a V8 engine into a car in the event that it was normally aspirated. The governing body also revoked a regulation for a car's headlights to be switched on in daylight hours and the FIA would supervise laboratory crash tests conducted on all vehicles. Changes to the format of the weekend saw the test day have 48 cars and 6 reserves all driving together in lieu of individual sessions for Grand Touring and Prototypes and would not eliminate any cars from contention as seen in previous editions of the race.
Entries
The ACO received 80 "good quality" inquires for applications by the deadline for entries on the midnight of 28 February 2001. The ACO's eight-person selection committee granted 48 invitations to the 24 Hours of Le Mans in-late March. Entries were divided between the Le Mans Prototype 900 (LMP900), Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP), LMP675, Le Mans Grand Touring Sport (LMGTS) and Le Mans Grand Touring (LMGT) categories.
Automatic entries
Automatic entries were earned by teams which won their class in the 2000 24 Hours of Le Mans, or have won Le Mans-based series and events such as the 2000 Petit Le Mans of the American Le Mans Series, the Race of a Thousand Years held as part of the Asian-Pacific Le Mans Series and the 2000 1000 km of Nürburgring of the European Le Mans Series. As entries were pre-selected to teams, they were restricted to a maximum of two cars and were not allowed to change their vehicles nor their competitors' licence from the previous year to the next. Entries were permitted to change category provided that they did not change the make of vehicle and the ACO granted official permission for the switch.
The ACO published its final list of automatic berths on 26 January 2001. Audi Sport North America, Viper Team Oreca and Dick Barbour Racing were the three teams out of the twelve that were pre-selected to decline their automatic invitations.
1. – Team declined their automatic invitations.
Entry list and reserves
The ACO announced the full 48-car entry list for Le Mans plus six reserves on 4 April. The Ascari, Audi, Bentley, Cadillac, Courage, Chrysler, Dome and Panoz brands were accepted into the two Prototype classes, which featured a mixture of works teams and privateers. Cars from Lola, Pilbeam and Reynard featured in the eight-vehicle LMP675 class. Chrysler, General Motors via its Chevrolet division and Saleen were the three manufacturers in the LMGTS category. The majority of cars in the LMGT class were from Porsche with Callaway represented by one team. On 27 April, the No. 59 Saleen/Allen Speedlab-entered S7 was withdrawn from the race. The No. 21 Team Ascari car was promoted from the top of the list of reserves to take the vacated slot on the grid.
Testing
A mandatory pre-Le Mans test day split into two daytime sessions of four hours each was held at the circuit on 6 May, involving all 48 cars and four reserve entries. The morning session was led by Audi with a lap of 3 minutes, 36.054 seconds from Stefan Johansson in the No. 4 Johansson Motorsport R8. The top-placed works Audi was Tom Kristensen's No. 1 Team Joest car in second and the fastest Bentley EXP Speed 8 was the No. 7 of Stéphane Ortelli in third. Emanuele Pirro of Team Joest, Johnny Herbert for Champion Racing and Yannick Dalmas in a Chrysler LMP occupied fourth to sixth positions. A broken exhaust header caused the carbon fibre chassis on David Brabham's Panoz LMP07 to catch fire in the final moments of the morning session. Panoz withdrew the No. 12 car for the rest of the test day due to extensive damage it sustained. Eric van de Poele for Dick Barbour set the fastest lap in the LMP675 category, while the Larbre Compétition team led both GT classes with the No. 58 Oreca Viper and the No. 60 Porsche. Several drivers ran off the circuit during the session. Kristensen damaged the No. 2 Audi's front-right and the car's suspension arm was replaced. The No. 64 Corvette's steering failed and the car was stopped on the Mulsanne Straight.
The second test session had Audi continue to lead with Rinaldo Capello in the No. 2 car with the day's fastest lap of 3 minutes, 32.742 seconds. This was followed by an improved time for the Champion Racing car of Ralf Kelleners in second and Martin Brundle in Bentley's No. 8 car in third. Racing for Holland was fourth courtesy of a lap from Jan Lammers and the second Joest Audi of Frank Biela rounded out the top five. The Dick Barbour team continued to lead the LMP675 category with an improved lap of 3 minutes, 44.272 seconds, ahead of the trio of drivers of the second-placed No. 38 ROC Auto Reynard 01Q and Claudia Hurtgen's No. 32 Roock/KnightHawk Racing Lola B2K/40-Nissan in third. Oliver Gavin moved the No. 60 Saleen Allen Speedlab S7R to the head of LMGTS with a lap of 3 minutes, 54.344 seconds. He was followed by Johnny Mowlem's No. 62 Ray Mallock car on the soft compound tyres and Corvette's No. 63 C5-R was third-fastest in the session. Xavier Pompidou in the No. 73 Freisinger Motorsport Porsche led the LMGT class with the No. 80 Larbre car second. Fabio Babini's No. 83 Seikel Motorsport car and the No. 35 Rowan Racing Pilbeam MP84-Nissan made contact at the Ford Chicane late in the session and the former was unable to continue driving.
Qualifying
There were eight hours of qualifying divided into four two-hour sessions available to every entrants on 13 and 14 June. During the sessions, all entrants were required to set a time within 110 per cent of the fastest lap established by the fastest vehicle in each of the five categories to qualify for the race. The first session took place in clear weather conditions. Audi, the pre-race favourites, led early on with a flying lap from Kristensen before his teammate Capello followed with a 3 minutes, 34.880 seconds time to go fastest overall. Kristensen stood three-tenths of a second adrift in second. Lammers followed in third and Kelleners was fourth for Champion Racing. The fastest Bentley was in fifth position after a lap from Brundle. The No. 12 Panoz of Jan Magnussen stopped after the PlayStation chicane and was then sidelined with a blocked gearbox. Anthony Reid carried the No. 34 MG-Lola EX257-Lola to provisional pole position in the LMP675 category with a time of 3 minutes, 42.065 seconds ahead of the ROC Auto Reynard and No. 36 Dick Barbour entries. The crew of MG's No. 33 car set no laps because it suffered from an alternator issue that created a misfire. The GTS class of GT was led by Ron Fellows' No. 64 Corvette, who set a 3 minutes, 55.552 seconds lap. Andy Pilgrim in the sister No. 63 Corvette was second followed by Christophe Bouchut's No. 58 Larbre Oreca in third. At the conclusion of the session, the No. 80 Larbre Porsche led in LMGT from the No. 70 Aspen Knolls MCR Callaway C12-R and the No. 72 Team Taisan Advan car.
The day's fastest laps were predicted to possibly be set within the opening fifteen minutes of the second session due to lowering ambient temperatures and light levels. Kristensen improved provisional pole position to a 3 minutes, 32.458 seconds lap seven minutes into the session to be four seconds faster than Allan McNish's 2000 pole lap. He was unable to improve any further because of an electrical misfire that affected the No. 1 Audi. Capello fell to second; the No. 2 car had a power steering fault just as Christian Pescatori relieved his co-driver. Kelleners moved Champion Racing to third after a change of gearbox. Lammers of Racing for Holland fell to fourth and Brundle's No. 7 Bentley was demoted to fifth because a punctured tyre on the Mulsanne Straight sent him into the gravel trap at Mulsanne Corner. Reid MG's No. 34 car had a possible blocked fuel filter that regulated its fuel pressure; the car kept the class pole of LMP675. Kevin McGarrity elevated the sister No. 33 MG to second in class and ROC Auto fell to third. In LMGTS, Oliver Gavin's No. 60 Saleen led the session and took the provisional class pole position from Corvette Racing. Fellows crashed into a tyre barrier at the second Mulsanne Chicane and the No. 63 Corvette sustained heavy rear-end damage. He was unhurt. The sole non-Porsche car in LMGT of the Aspen Knolls MCR-entered Callaway C12 of Cort Wagner moved to the front in class with Patrice Goueslard's No. 80 Larbre car second.
Conditions were overcast for the third practice session on 14 June and some rain fell intermittently. None of the first three Audi teams improved their times from the day before as most teams focused on locating their racing setups. Lammers set the session's fastest lap at 3 minutes, 34.838 seconds to strengthen Racing for Holland's hold on fourth position and he moved to within half a second of Herbert's Champion Audi. Johanasson was second-quickest and his time moved the No. 4 Audi from eighth to fifth in the final ten minutes of the session. Jordi Gené set the fastest time in the LMP675 in the ROC Auto Reynard yet he was almost four seconds behind the class pole-sitting No. 34 MG. The LMGTS class remained the same upfront as Gavin improved the No. 60 Saleen's fastest lap time to a 3 minutes, 52.849 seconds and took a new class record. The No. 58 Larbre Oreca of Christophe Bouchut retained third place in category. The lead of LMGT changed when Goueslard's No. 80 Larbre entry took the category pole position late on before Wagner in the Aspen Knolls Callaway used his team's race engine to reclaim the position. Perspective Racing's Michel Neugarten went off the circuit and damaged the rear of the No. 75 Porsche at the PlayStation chicane. Luis Marques in the No. 74 Luc Alphand Adventure car leaked oil at the entry to the Michelin chicane due to a hose problem and marshals quickly cleaned the track. Noël del Bello's No. 79 vehicle of Georges Forgeois damaged its front-left in an accident.
As temperatures cooled in the final qualifying session due to fading light, Capello waited in his garage before he negotiated slower traffic to set a 3 minutes, 32.249 seconds lap in the No. 2 Audi and demoted Kristensen from pole position. Kristensen's No. 1 car had its damper unit and front bodywork changed and ran a race-tuned engine along with soft compound tyres; he could not better his teammate's lap because of a slow puncture when he ran into a gravel trap at the first Mulsanne Straight chicane, giving the No. 2 car pole position. Champion Racing were not able to improve their lap and took third. Lammers' third-session time secured Racing for Holland fourth and Johannson's No. 4 Audi took fifth. Anthony Reid twice reset the fastest lap in LMP675 to secure pole position for the No. 34 MG team with a 3 minutes, 41.769 seconds lap. Kevin McGarrity in the sister MG was second in class after an oil leak caused the team to change engines. Gené's ROC Auto entry took third in the category. The GT categories remained the same with the No. 60 Saleen's lap time set by Gavin giving it pole position in the GTS class and Wagner's lap in LMGT was not bettered by any other driver. Team Advan's No. 72 Porsche driven by Kazuyuki Nishizawa had an accident at the Porsche Curves and sustained damage to its front and rear.
Qualifying results
Pole position winners in each class are indicated in bold and by a The fastest time set by each entry is denoted in gray.
Warm-up
The drivers took to the track at 09:00 local time on 16 June for a 45-minute warm-up session. It was held on a damp track after overnight rain; teams focused on systems checks, setting up their cars against the weather of the time, tried several tyre compounds and ensuring their drivers had some driving experience. Christian Pescatori's No. 2 Audi lapped fastest at 3 minutes, 40.497 seconds, ahead of Pirro's sister No. 1 Joest Audi, the highest-placed Bentley of Guy Smith's No. 7 car, Sébastien Bourdais in Pescarolo Sport's No. 17 C60 and Éric Bernard's No. 5 DAMS Cadillac Northstar LMP. The ROC Auto Reynard set the fastest LMP675 lap at 3 minutes, 51.491 seconds. RML's No. 62 Saleen paced the LMGTS category and the Aspen Knolls MCR Callaway led in LMGT. Klaus Graf's No. 11 Panoz had a tyre issue and went into the gravel trap at the exit to Indianapolis corner from which marshals extricated him. Corvette's No. 64 car stopped at the Dunlop Bridge with a broken oil pump belt and the No. 80 Larbre Porsche leaked oil from its underside due to a possible fuel system fault.
Race
220,000 people attended the event. Audi's top two finishers had to share the podium with a Bentley interloper, but their margin over third place was formidable.
Corvette Racing's achievement of a GTS class win was sullied by a slow pace and the presence of two GT class Porsche 911s in front of them. It was the last time a Porsche team would finish in front of the GTS class until they had the class-consolidating 4.0 liter 997 GT3 RSR in their possession, in 2010.
Race results
Distance – 4381.65 km
Average Speed – 180.949 km/h
Highest Trap Speed – Audi R8 – 318 km/h (race), Dome Judd S101 – 335 km/h (Practice)
References
Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans races
Le Mans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%2024%20Hours%20of%20Le%20Mans |
Basarab or Bassarab can refer to:
The House of Basarab
Basarab railway station, in Bucharest, Romania
Basarab metro station, in Bucharest, Romania
Basarab Nicolescu
Basarab Panduru
Alexandru Bassarab
Maria Basarab
Olha Basarab
Basarab I of Wallachia
See also
Basarabă of Caransebeș family
Bessarabia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basarab%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Traumatic asphyxia, or Perthes's syndrome, is a medical emergency caused by an intense compression of the thoracic cavity, causing venous back-flow from the right side of the heart into the veins of the neck and the brain.
Signs and symptoms
Traumatic asphyxia is characterized by cyanosis in the upper extremities, neck, and head as well as petechiae in the conjunctiva. Patients can also display jugular venous distention and facial edema. Associated injuries include pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion, hemo/pneumothorax, and broken ribs.
Causes
Traumatic asphyxia occurs when a powerful compressive force is applied to the thoracic cavity. This is most often seen in motor vehicle accidents, as well as industrial and farming accidents. However, it can be present anytime a significant pressure is applied to the thorax.
Pathophysiology
The sudden impact on the thorax causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure. In order for traumatic asphyxia to occur, a Valsalva maneuver is required when the traumatic force is applied. Exhalation against the closed glottis along with the traumatic event causes air that cannot escape from the thoracic cavity. Instead, the air causes increased venous back-pressure, which is transferred back to the heart through the right atrium, to the superior vena cava and to the head and neck veins and capillaries.
Diagnosis
Patients are seen with a cyanotic discoloration of the shoulder skin and neck and face, jugular distention, bulging of the eyeballs, and swelling of the tongue and lips. The latter two are resultants of edema, caused by excessive blood accumulating the veins of the head and neck and venous stasis.
Prognosis
For individuals who survive the initial crush injury, survival rates are high for traumatic asphyxia.
See also
Asphyxia
Crush syndrome
Flail chest
Tension pneumothorax
Traumatic aortic rupture
References
External links
Chest trauma
Skin conditions resulting from physical factors
Medical emergencies
Traumatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic%20asphyxia |
The Kudara no Konikishi clan (Japanese: 百済王氏, Kudara no konikishi-uji) was a Japanese clan whose founder, Zenkō ( or ), was a son of King Uija, the last king of Baekje (located in the southwestern Korean Peninsula).
Name
Kudara was an uji, or clan name, and represented its country of origin, Baekje. Konikishi or Kokishi, which literally means "king", was a special kabane that was given only to the former royal families of Baekje and Goguryeo: the Kudara, Shōna (肖奈) and Koma (高麗) clans.
History
The founder Zenkō came from Baekje to Japan as a hostage along with his brother Hōshō in 643. Even though Japan sent Hōshō back to Korea for a failed campaign to revive Baekje, Zenkō remained in Japan. The former royal family members were treated as "barbarian guests" (蕃客) and were not incorporated into the domestic political system of Japan for some time. They enjoyed privileged treatment although they were obliged to serve to the emperor in a symbolic fashion.
They were finally assimilated into Japanese bureaucracy in 691. They were given the name "Kudara no Konikishi" sometime afterward. The event has drawn scholarly attention, and a couple of theories have been proposed to explain the reason why they were given that peculiar name at that particular time. One theory associates the event with the enforcement of the Asuka Kiyomihara Code in 689, the law that entailed clarification of their legal status. However, while being subjects to the Japanese emperor, they still needed to represent the Baekje kingship by the special name. Japan applied to itself the Chinese ideology of emperorship that required "barbarian people" to long for the great virtue of the emperor. In so doing, Yamato Japan established for itself a system in which it, as a sponsor of the defunct kingdom of Baekje through its royal house, by extension rivalled Baekje's remaining traditional rival on the Korean Peninsula, Silla.
In 790, Emperor Kanmu issued a rescript that treated the Kudara no Konikishi clan as "relatives by marriage." It was related to the fact that the emperor's mother, Takano no Niigasa, belonged to the Baekje-originated Yamato no Fuhito clan, who then claimed its roots in the Baekje royal family. In addition, according to the Shoku Nihongi, Takano no Niigasa was a 10th-generation descendant of King Muryeong of Baekje through his son Prince Junda (Nihon Shoki, chapter 17), making Emperor Kammu an 11th-generation descendant of Muryeong through maternal lineage.
Another theory attempts to interpret the rise and the fall of the Kudara no Konikishi clan in the context of domestic politics, rather than political ideology. The clan fell under the influence of the southern branch of the Fujiwara clan after Kudara no Konikishi Myōshin had married Fujiwara no Tsugutada around 754. The emperor's rescript of 790 aimed to support Myōshin's appointment as lady-in-waiting (尚侍), the highest post among court ladies, despite her humble origin. She helped the clan's other female members enter the imperial court. Their prosperous days ended in 807, when Fujiwara no Takatoshi, the son of Tsugutada and Myōshin, fell from power in an imperial succession dispute. They declined from the latter half of the 9th century to the early 10th century and disappeared from the political scene.
Notable members
Kudara no Konikishi Zenkō () (617-700) - The founder of the clan
Kudara no Konikishi Shōsei () (?-674) - son of the founder
Kudara no Konikishi Rōgu () (661-737) - Vice Governor of Settsu ()
Kudara no Konikishi Kyōfuku () (697-766) - Lord of Justice ()
Kudara no Konikishi Shuntetsu () (740-795) - General of Peace Guard for Mutsu and Vice Delegate of Conquering East-Barbarian ()
Kudara no Konikishi Bukyō () - Governor of Dewa ()
Notes
External links
Kudara no Konishiki Genealogy Tree (百済氏祖系)Warning: This page contains pieces of family trees which are not considered historical facts by historians.
Japanese clans
Japanese people of Korean descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudara%20no%20Konikishi%20clan |
Rumsey Street (Chinese: 林士街) is a street in Sheung Wan on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It begins at Wing Lok Street near COSCO Tower, crossing Des Voeux Road Central and Connaught Road Central, and reaches the Victoria Harbour.
Name
The street was named in 1905 after Robert Murray Rumsey, the Harbour Master of Hong Kong Government.
Features
Wing On Department Store is located at the street.
Beneath the street is the unused MTR platform of Rumsey station. The station was for an abandoned plan of East Kowloon line. The platform was later incorporated into Sheung Wan station.
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
References
Sheung Wan
Roads on Hong Kong Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumsey%20Street |
The Northern Illinois Bluegrass Association (NIBA) is a non-profit organization which promotes and preserves bluegrass music in the northern Illinois (US) area.
History
The NIBA was formed in 1996 as a group of musicians who met weekly to play bluegrass in a barn in Grand Ridge, Illinois. Over time, it developed into a community of musicians and listeners from Illinois, southern Wisconsin, northwestern Indiana and eastern Iowa who share a love of bluegrass music.
Activities
The NIBA organizes and promotes local bluegrass jams and events and participates in the Bluegrass In The Schools program.
The NIBA publishes a newsletter for its members with upcoming event announcements and other bluegrass-related news items.
References
External links
Official website
American bluegrass music groups
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from Illinois
Non-profit organizations based in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20Illinois%20Bluegrass%20Association |
Stanley Winckworth Scott (24 March 1854 – 8 December 1933) was an English cricketer who played for Middlesex.
Scott was a middle-order batsman who played fairly regularly for Middlesex from 1878 to 1893, heading the batting averages in several seasons, though by modern standards his figures appear modest. His best season was 1892, when he scored 1015 runs at an average of 39 runs per innings, and against Gloucestershire at Lord's that season he scored 224, then regarded as a colossal score. He did well that season in both Gentlemen v Players matches at Lord's and The Oval, and was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1893.
But at the end of the 1893 season he retired to become a stockbroker.
He also played football and played for Clapham Rovers in the 1879 FA Cup Final, losing 1–0 to the Old Etonians.
Honours
Clapham Rovers
FA Cup finalist: 1879
External links
Cricinfo
Cricket Archive
1854 births
1933 deaths
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
English men's footballers
Clapham Rovers F.C. players
British people in colonial India
English stockbrokers
Gentlemen of the South cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Men's association football players not categorized by position | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Scott |
Lee Labrada is a professional bodybuilder, published author and CEO of Labrada Nutrition. He won the title Mr. Universe in 1985 and placed top 4 for seven consecutive years in Mr. Olympia. In 2002, at the request of the city of Houston, Labrada launched the "Get Lean Houston" campaign to combat the city's obesity problem.
In 2004, Labrada was inducted into the IFBB Pro-Bodybuilding Hall of Fame.
In 2005 he wrote a fitness book. He founded the company Labrada Nutrition, which sells nutritional supplements.
He is father of bodybuilder Hunter Labrada.
Publications
The Lean Body Promise, 2005. HarperCollins.
See also
List of male professional bodybuilders
List of female professional bodybuilders
References
External links
Labrada Nutrition official website
1960 births
Living people
American bodybuilders
Professional bodybuilders
American male writers
University of Houston alumni
Cuban emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Labrada |
was the eighth of ten s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the mid-1930s under the Circle Two Supplementary Naval Expansion Program (Maru Ni Keikaku).
History
The Asashio-class destroyers were larger and more capable that the preceding , as Japanese naval architects were no longer constrained by the provisions of the London Naval Treaty. These light cruiser-sized vessels were designed to take advantage of Japan's lead in torpedo technology, and to accompany the Japanese main striking force and in both day and night attacks against the United States Navy as it advanced across the Pacific Ocean, according to Japanese naval strategic projections. Despite being one of the most powerful classes of destroyers in the world at the time of their completion, none survived the Pacific War.
Minegumo, built at the Fujinagata Shipyards in Osaka was laid down on 22 March 1937, launched on 4 November 1937 and commissioned on 4 April 1938.
Operational history
At 1800 hours on 23 June 1941, Minegumo collided with the destroyers and in Bungo Channel.
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Minegumo, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Suzuki Yasuatsu, was assigned to Destroyer Division 8 (Desdiv 8), and a member of Destroyer Squadron 4 (Desron 4) of the IJN 2nd Fleet, escorting Admiral Nobutake Kondō's Southern Force Main Body out of Mako Guard District as distant cover to the Malaya and Philippines invasion forces in December 1941.
In early 1942, she escorted troop convoys to Lingayen, Tarakan, Balikpapan and Makassar in the Netherlands East Indies. During the Battle of the Java Sea, she engaged in an exchange of gunnery with the British destroyer , and suffered light damage with four crewmen wounded. On 1 March, together with , Minegumo unsuccessfully attacked the American submarine with depth charges. After participation in the Battle of Christmas Island on 31 March – 10 April, she escorted the damaged cruiser to Singapore, and returned at the end of the month to the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for repairs.
At the end of May, Minegumo joined the escort for the Midway Invasion Force under the overall command of Admiral Kondo Nobutake during the Battle of Midway. In July, she was sent to northern waters, patrolling from Ominato Guard District towards the Kurile Islands. Afterwards, she was sent south to Truk, where she suffered minor damage on a coral reef on 20 August. She provided support in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August 1942, and escorted the damaged aircraft carrier back to Truk. From September, she was assigned to patrols from Truk towards Shortland, and in October was assigned to "Tokyo Express" high speed transport operations in the Solomon Islands. On one of these missions on 5 October, she suffered moderate damage in an air attack, with serious flooding off Guadalcanal. She limped back to Yokosuka for repairs by the end of November.
Repairs completed by 22 February 1943, Minegumo returned with a convoy to Truk. She continued on to Rabaul by 2 March. During another transport run from Rabaul to Kolombangara on 5 March Minegumo and are believed to have sunk the submarine . However, that same night, Murasame and Minegumo were detected by the American Task Force 68 off Vila, after delivering supplies to the Japanese base there. Both ships were sunk in the subsequent action (later known as the Battle of Blackett Strait) at . On Minegumo, 46 crewmen (including her captain, Lieutenant Commander Yoshitake Uesugi) perished, but 122 survivors later reached Japanese lines, and two were captured by the Americans. Minegumo was removed from the navy list on 1 April 1943.
See also
The Battle of Blackett Strait
Notes
References
External links
CombinedFleet.com: Asashio-class destroyers
CombinedFleet.com: Minegumo history
GlobalSecurity.org: Asashio class destroyers
Naval Historical Center entry on the Minegumo
Asashio-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of Japan
Shipwrecks in the Solomon Sea
1937 ships
Maritime incidents in June 1941
Maritime incidents in March 1943
Ships built by Fujinagata Shipyards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20destroyer%20Minegumo%20%281937%29 |
Palacio de Deportes José María Martín Carpena (Jose Maria Martin Carpena Arena) is an indoor sporting arena that is located in Málaga, Spain. The current seating capacity of the arena is 11,300 for sports, and 10,000 for large concert events.
History
Martín Carpena arena opened in 1999. It has been the long-time home arena to one of Spain's top basketball teams, Unicaja Málaga, of the Liga ACB.
The arena originally had a seating capacity of 9,743 spectators, and an area of around 22,000 square meters. In 2007, a project was proposed to expand the capacity of the venue to 17,000 spectators, due to the high demand for seats and tickets by fans of Unicaja Málaga. Ultimately, the expansion project was approved, but to a new capacity of 13,000 spectators, rather than the originally planned 17,000. The expansion project was then scheduled to be completed in separate phases. The first expansion phase, which was completed in 2010, increased the seating capacity from 9,743 to 11,300. The next expansion phase will increase it to 13,000.
See also
List of indoor arenas in Spain
References
External links
Basketball venues in Spain
Indoor arenas in Spain
Baloncesto Málaga
Sports venues in Andalusia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio%20de%20Deportes%20Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Mart%C3%ADn%20Carpena |
In the Roman Empire, a mansio (from the Latin word mansus, the perfect passive participle of manere "to remain" or "to stay") was an official stopping place on a Roman road, or via, maintained by the central government for the use of officials and those on official business whilst travelling.
Background
The roads which traversed the Ancient World were later surveyed, developed and carefully maintained by the Romans, featuring purpose-built rest stops at regular intervals, known as castra. Probably originally established as simple places of military encampment, in process of time they included barracks and magazines of provisions (horrea) for the troops. Over time the need arose for a more sophisticated form of shelter for travelling dignitaries and officials. The Latin term mansio is derived from manere, signifying to pass the night at a place while travelling. (The word is likely to be the source of the English word mansion, though their uses are entirely different). These substantial structures, normally in the form of a villa, were dedicated to the travellers' rest and refreshment. Guests were expected to provide a passport to identify themselves. In many cases infrastructure to sustain them sprang up around the mansio, but also the villas of provincial officials; forts and ultimately even cities.
Ox-drawn carts could travel about 30 km per day; pedestrians a little farther, so each mansio was about 25 to 30 km from the next. At each mansio cisiarii kept gigs for hire and for conveying government dispatches (Cisium; Essedum).
The Itinerarium Burdigalense, which is a road book drawn up in 333, mentions in order the mansiones from Bordeaux to Jerusalem with the intervening mutationes, and other, more considerable places, which are called either civitates, vici, or castella. The number of leagues (league) or of miles between one place and another is also set down.
Mansionarius or paramonarius
The mansio was under the superintendence of an officer called mansionarius. As the bishops assumed control in the Christian West during the fifth and sixth centuries, the office of mansionarius developed new connotations. Mansionarius is inserted as a synonym of prosmonarius/paramonarius in canon 2 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (451).
Examples
Britannia
Alfoldean, Slinfold, West Sussex (subject of a dig by archaeological television programme Time Team, 2006 series), one of a probable four mansiones on the route of Stane Street between London and Chichester.
Chelmsford
Cunetio, Mildenhall, Wiltshire. (Time Team 2010).
Dubris
Godmanchester, Roman Mansio in Godmanchester
Letocetum, Wall, Staffordshire
Rutupiae
Tripontium
Iping
Other
Little St Bernard Pass
Le Mesnil
Storgosia
Three Taverns
Via Augusta
Other types of way stations
Non-official travellers needed refreshment too, and different grades of facilities were available, often at the same locations as the mansiones.
Cauponae
A private system of cauponae were placed near the mansiones. They performed the same functions but were somewhat disreputable, as they were frequented by thieves and prostitutes. Graffiti decorate the walls of the few whose ruins have been found.
Tabernae
Genteel travellers needed something better than cauponae. In the early days of the viae, when little unofficial travel existed, houses placed near the road were required by law to offer hospitality on demand. Frequented houses no doubt became the first tabernae (Latin word taberna ("shed" or "hut"; from tabula, meaning "board"), which were hostels, rather than the "taverns" we know today. A tabernaculum or small taberna was a portable place of worship for the Hebrews, thus producing the word tabernacle.
As Rome grew, so did its tabernae, becoming more luxurious and acquiring good or bad reputations as the case may be. One of the best hotels was the Tabernae Caediciae at Sinuessa on the Via Appia. It had a large storage room containing barrels of wine, cheese and ham. Many cities of today grew up around a taberna complex, such as Rheinzabern in the Rhineland, and Saverne in Alsace.
Mutationes
A third system of way stations serviced vehicles and animals: the mutationes ("changing stations") (). In these complexes, the driver could purchase the services of wheelwrights, cartwrights, and equarii medici, or veterinarians. Using these stations in chariot relays, the emperor Tiberius hastened 200 miles in 24 hours to join his brother, Drusus Germanicus, who was dying of gangrene as a result of a fall from a horse.
Stationes
Stationes are mostly known though the Antonine Itinerary and may be similar to mansiones
See also
Roman Road System
Three Taverns
References
External links
Mansio from A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875.
Roman Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansio |
The English Canal () was a planned and partially completed canal project that would connect the Swedish iron ore fields around Kiruna and Gällivare with Luleå and the Gulf of Bothnia.
The ore fields were discovered as early as in the 1650s, but due to their remote location in the sparsely populated areas in northern Sweden, far from both the Atlantic coast and the coast of the Bothnian Gulf, it was very hard to transport the ore to any port from where it could be shipped to its ultimate destination. All attempts during the centuries to efficiently transport the ore failed. But with the introduction of the railway, new possibilities arose.
Some earlier plans included horse-drawn trains and regular roads, but in the end it was decided to combine the new railway technology with the ancient boat transport. A railway line was planned for the stretch from the iron ore fields to the place where Stora Lule River and Lilla Lule River joined at Storbacken. The remaining length of the transport could be made possible by canalising the rest of Lule River from Storbacken down to Luleå. This would bypass the rapids of Edefors and Hedenforsarna which would allow the ore to be transported by boat all the way to the Gulf of Bothnia.
The decision to construct the canal was taken 1863, and the Gellivare Company Limited based in London was contracted for the project. They were backed by English financiers and also received investments from the Swedish state. The excavation was started 14 October 1864 and by 1865 no less than 1,486 men were working on the project. But the English company soon experienced an economic crisis, which led to the stagnation of the construction in 1866 and 1867, until the company went bankrupt on New Year's Eve 1867 which marked the end of the project.
In 1884-1888 a railway was built all the way between Gällivare and Luleå, the Iron Ore Line.
Remains of the canal project can still be seen on several places in Norrbotten and Swedish Lapland, for example in Boden. These remains are sometimes called Engelska graven, which is a play on the Swedish word grav which can mean both "ditch"/"trench" and "grave/"tomb".
See also
LKAB
Iron Ore Line
English Channel
References
Print
Nyström, Bror Oscar (ed.) & Skeppstedt, Sven (ed.) (1990). Boden: fästningen, garnisonen, samhället. Västervik: Ekblad. ISBN N/A.
Online
Arnholm, Bosse (2003). Engelska kanalen. Retrieved 4 Mar., 2006.
Canals in Sweden
Norrbotten
Lapland (Sweden)
Abandoned canal projects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20Canal |
Whit Tuesday (syn. Whittuesday, Whitsun Tuesday) is the Christian holiday celebrated the day after Pentecost Monday, the third day of the week beginning on Pentecost. Pentecost is a movable feast in the Christian calendar dependent upon the date of Easter. "Whit" relates either to the white robes worn by those baptized on Pentecost, or to the French word "huit," since Pentecost is the eighth Sunday after Easter.
Observance
It was a holiday in the Lutheran Church in Germany at Bach's time, where all major holidays were celebrated for three days. Bach and others composed cantata music for the occasion.
It used to be a public holiday in Denmark and Sweden. In Denmark it was abolished 26 October 1770, and in Sweden 4 November 1772, both places as part of larger reductions of the number of holidays.
The Dancing procession of Echternach takes place on Pentecost Tuesday. In the 19th century, it was also the occasion of the feast of Saint Tetha in Cornwall.
Observance in Eastern Orthodoxy
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Whit Tuesday is known as the "Third Day of the Trinity" and is part of the Feast of Pentecost. Monasteries, cathedrals, and parish churches often celebrate the Divine Liturgy on this day.
See also
Ordinary Time
Willibrord
References
Pentecost
Holidays based on the date of Easter
June observances | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whit%20Tuesday |
"And She Was" is a song by the American band Talking Heads, from their 1985 album Little Creatures. The song was written by David Byrne, who also provides the lead vocals.
The song is musically notable for its unusual use of modulation. The overall key of the song is E major; however, the bridge to the chorus is in F major. The second bridge back to the verse is in the key of G major (Chords B minor to G major, "She was glad about it...")
It reached on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and on the British singles chart. The accompanying music video was directed by avant-garde filmmaker Jim Blashfield, who cites the style of Terry Gilliam as one of his major influences.
Background
"I used to know a blissed-out hippie-chick in Baltimore," recalled Byrne in the liner notes of Once in a Lifetime: The Best of Talking Heads. "She once told me that she used to do acid (the drug, not music) and lay down on the field by the Yoo-hoo chocolate soda factory. Flying out of her body, etc etc. It seemed like such a tacky kind of transcendence… but it was real! A new kind of religion being born out of heaps of rusted cars and fast food joints. And this girl was flying above it all, but in it too."
Drummer Chris Frantz said of the song, "It's a story about a woman who has the power to levitate above the ground and to check out all her neighbors from a kind of bird's eye view. And the guy who's writing the song is in love with her and he kinda wishes she would just be more normal and, like, come on back down to the ground [Laughs], but she doesn't. She goes floating over the backyard and past the buildings and the schools and stuff and is absolutely [upside-down] to him in every way."
Reception
Cash Box said that the song "displays David Byrne’s discreet pop ingenuity and Talking Heads' inimitable rhythmic pump" and has "a strangely surrealistic lyric and a singalong chorus."
In popular culture
The song was featured in the 1989 film Look Who's Talking, in the 2005 films Bewitched and Sky High, and the 2016 film Storks.
Charts
Weekly Charts
Year-end charts
Notes
Talking Heads songs
1985 singles
EMI Records singles
Music videos directed by Jim Blashfield
Songs written by David Byrne
Songs about drugs
Sire Records singles
Song recordings produced by David Byrne
Song recordings produced by Jerry Harrison
1985 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%20She%20Was |
The Rydberg states of an atom or molecule are electronically excited states with energies that follow the Rydberg formula as they converge on an ionic state with an ionization energy. Although the Rydberg formula was developed to describe atomic energy levels, it has been used to describe many other systems that have electronic structure roughly similar to atomic hydrogen. In general, at sufficiently high principal quantum numbers, an excited electron-ionic core system will have the general character of a hydrogenic system and the energy levels will follow the Rydberg formula. Rydberg states have energies converging on the energy of the ion. The ionization energy threshold is the energy required to completely liberate an electron from the ionic core of an atom or molecule. In practice, a Rydberg wave packet is created by a laser pulse on a hydrogenic atom and thus populates a superposition of Rydberg states. Modern investigations using pump-probe experiments show molecular pathways – e.g. dissociation of (NO)2 – via these special states.
Rydberg series
Rydberg series describe the energy levels associated with partially removing an electron from the ionic core. Each Rydberg series converges on an ionization energy threshold associated with a particular ionic core configuration. These quantized Rydberg energy levels can be associated with the quasiclassical Bohr atomic picture. The closer you get to the ionization threshold energy, the higher the principal quantum number, and the smaller the energy difference between "near threshold Rydberg states." As the electron is promoted to higher energy levels, the spatial excursion of the electron from the ionic core increases and the system is more like the Bohr quasiclassical picture.
Energy of Rydberg states
The energy of Rydberg states can be refined by including a correction called the quantum defect in the Rydberg formula. The "quantum defect" correction is associated with the presence of a distributed ionic core. Even for many electronically excited molecular systems, the ionic core interaction with an excited electron can take on the general aspects of the interaction between the proton and the electron in the hydrogen atom. The spectroscopic assignment of these states follows the Rydberg formula and they are called Rydberg states of molecules.
Molecular Rydberg states
Although the energy formula of Rydberg series is a result of hydrogen-like atom structure, Rydberg states are also present in molecules. Wave functions of high Rydberg states are very diffuse and span diameters that approach infinity. As a result, any isolated neutral molecule behaves like a hydrogen-like atom at the Rydberg limit. For molecules with multiple stable monovalent cations, multiple Rydberg series may exist. Because of the complexity of molecular spectra, low-lying Rydberg states of molecules are often mixed with valence states with similar energy and are thus not pure Rydberg states.
See also
Rydberg atom
Rydberg matter
Orbital state
References
Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure, Gerhard Herzberg, Prentice-Hall, 1937.
Atoms and Molecules, Martin Karplus and Richard N. Porter, Benjamin & Company, Inc., 1970.
External links
Army Creates Quantum Sensor That Detects Entire Radio-Frequency Spectrum; Defense One.
Rydberg Atoms and the Quantum Defect; Physics Department, Davidson College.
Rydberg state; Science Direct.
Rydberg Transitions; Chemistry and Biochemistiry, Georgia Tech.
Atomic physics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg%20state |
The list of ship commissionings in 1918 includes a chronological list of ships commissioned in 1918. In cases where no official commissioning ceremony was held, the date of service entry may be used instead.
See also
References
1918
Ship commissionings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20commissionings%20in%201918 |
Filomena Moretti (born 11 June 1973) is an Italian classical guitarist. She was born in Sassari, graduated from the Sassari Conservatory, winning the first prize. After her graduation, she continued her studies with Ruggero Chiesa and won several international competitions:
1985–1987 Premier Prix and "Mention Spéciale" at the Competition Mondovi
1991 Premier Prix "Golfo degli Angeli" at the Competition Cagliari
1992 Second Prize "E. Pujol" at the International Competition of Sassari
1993 Premier Prix at the International Competition of Stresa; Second Prize at the Competition Fernando Sor in Rome
1995 Premier Prix et mention spéciale at the International Competition of Alessandria
1996 Premier Prix at the Competition de l'A.R.A.M.
In 1993, she obtained a grant to pursue her studies with Oscar Ghiglia at the Chiagana Academy in Siena.
Performances
Filomena Moretti has played in Italy and throughout Europe. She has been invited by some of the most prestigious musical institutions, such as:
The Spiegelsaal im Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg
The Gartensaal im Schloß Wolfsburg, the Zitadelle Spandau of Berlin, Kiel, the Chopin Foundation in Warsaw, Kraków twice in a row, by the «Società dei concerti» of the Verdi Conservatoire in Milan
The "Salone della Musica" in Turin
The Musicora in Paris.
She took part in several master-classes with Alirio Diaz, David Russell, Julian Bream, José Tomás and Manuel Barrueco.
Filomena Moretti also performed with leading orchestras. Her extensive repertoire includes the most important guitar concertos. She toured Italy in March 1999 with the renowned Lucero Tena (castanets). In June 1999, she performed the Giuliani Concerto with the Società dei Concerti at the Verdi Conservatory in Milan. In France, she has appeared at the TransClassiques at La Cigale in Paris, at the Flâneries Musicales in Reims, at the Festivals de Radio France in Montpellier, at the Young Soloist Festival in Antibes. Her concerts have been broadcast on Muzik and Mezzo TV channels. She has also been invited by the FRANCE 2 Channel.
Recordings
Filomena Moretti has recorded two CDs, for Phoenix and Stradivarius (record label). The release of the complete works for solo guitar by Joaquín Rodrigo on the Stradivarius label Filomena Moretti led to her being featured on the front page of the Italian magazine Classica. In 1998 she received the "Golden Guitar" for her recording of Fernando Sor under the Stradivarius label. She recorded two volumes of J.S. Bach's lute works transcribed for guitar for the Transart UK label.
References
External links
Bio listing awards
Discography Dead link: CDpresto is no longer available
1973 births
Italian classical guitarists
Living people
Women classical guitarists
People from Sassari
21st-century guitarists
21st-century women guitarists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filomena%20Moretti |
"Psycho Killer" is a song by American rock band Talking Heads, released on their debut studio album Talking Heads: 77 (1977). The group first performed it as the Artistics in 1974.
The band also recorded an acoustic version of the song featuring Arthur Russell on cello. In the liner notes for Once in a Lifetime: The Best of Talking Heads (1992), Jerry Harrison wrote of the B-side of the single, "I'm glad we persuaded Tony [Bongiovi] and Lance [Quinn] that the version with the cellos shouldn't be the only one."
The band's "signature debut hit" features lyrics which seem to represent the thoughts of a serial killer. Originally written and performed as a ballad, "Psycho Killer" became what AllMusic calls a "deceptively funky new wave/no wave song" with "an insistent rhythm, and one of the most memorable, driving basslines in rock & roll."
"Psycho Killer" was the only song from the album to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 92. It reached number 32 on the Triple J Hottest 100 in 1989, and peaked at number 11 on the Dutch singles chart in 1977. The song is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.
Lyrics
The song was composed near the beginning of the band's career and prototype versions were performed onstage as early as December 1975. When it was finally completed and released as a single in December 1977, "Psycho Killer" became instantly associated in popular culture with the contemporaneous Son of Sam serial killings. Although the band always insisted that the song had no inspiration from the notorious events, the single's release date was "eerily timely" and marked by a "macabre synchronicity".
According to the preliminary lyric sheets copied onto the 2006 remaster of Talking Heads: 77, the song started off as a semi-narrative of the killer actually committing murders. In the liner notes of Once in a Lifetime: The Best of Talking Heads, Byrne says:
The bridge lyrics are in French, as is the prominent chorus line "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" ("What is this/it?"). The bridge lyrics are:
The French lyrics were supplied by Weymouth. According to Frantz, "I told David that Tina's mother is French and that they always spoke French in the home. Tina agreed to do it and just sat down and did it in a little over an hour. I wrote a couple of more verses, and within a few hours, 'Psycho Killer' was more or less done."
Later releases
Talking Heads performed the song on the BBC2 television show The Old Grey Whistle Test on January 31, 1978. The performance was later released on a DVD compilation of performances from the show.
A live version recorded in 1977 for radio broadcast was released on The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads in 1982, featuring an additional verse not heard in the studio version, and the later CD release included a second, later live version from the Remain in Light tour. In 1984, another live version was included on the soundtrack for the band's concert movie Stop Making Sense. The film opens with Byrne alone onstage, announcing "'Hi. I've got a tape I want to play'...[and] strumming maniacally like Richie Havens", playing an acoustic version of "Psycho Killer", backed only by a Roland TR-808 drum machine whose sound appears to be issuing from a boombox.
The song also appears on their 1992 compilation album Sand in the Vaseline: Popular Favorites and, over a decade later, on another compilation album The Best of Talking Heads.
Charts
Certifications
Legacy
The song has been recorded in cover versions by many bands including Julie Christensen, Velvet Revolver, James Hall, Cage the Elephant, Phish, Antiseen, Richard Thompson, the Bobs, Moxy Früvous, Rico, Victoria Vox, Wet Leg, Duran Duran, and the Ukulele Orchestra of Great Britain at the 2009 BBC Proms.
Massachusetts-based band the Fools parodied the song and entitled it "Psycho Chicken"; it was included as a bonus record with their major-label debut album Sold Out in 1980. Ice-T says that "Psycho Killer" was a starting influence for his band Body Count's controversial song "Cop Killer". Singer Selena Gomez samples the bassline on her 2017 single "Bad Liar." A Talking Heads tribute band based in Baltimore, active since 2011, call themselves the Psycho Killers.
References
External links
1974 songs
1977 singles
Talking Heads songs
Sire Records singles
Song recordings produced by Tony Bongiovi
Songs written by Chris Frantz
Songs written by David Byrne
Songs written by Tina Weymouth
Macaronic songs
The Flying Pickets songs
Franglais songs
Art rock songs
Songs about criminals
Songs about mental health | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycho%20Killer |
The Second Amendment Foundation (SAF) is a United States nonprofit organization that supports gun rights. Founded in 1974 by Alan Gottlieb and headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, SAF publishes gun rights magazines and public education materials, funds conferences, provides media contacts, and has assumed a central role in sponsoring lawsuits.
The Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms (CCRKBA) is the lobbying affiliate of the SAF. As of January 2015, both groups reported having over 650,000 members.
Legal action
In 2005, the Second Amendment Foundation and the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) successfully sued New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin and others to stop gun seizures in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. On February 12, 2007, Ray Nagin and others were held in contempt of court for violating the consent order. The case is National Rifle Association of America, Inc., et al. v. C. Ray Nagin et al.
In 2005, SAF and others sued to stop the San Francisco gun ban. On June 13, 2006, San Francisco Superior Court Judge James Warren struck down the ban, saying local governments have no such authority under California law. The City appealed Judge Warren's ruling, but lost in a unanimous opinion from the three-judge panel in the Court of Appeal issued on January 9, 2008. The City then appealed to the California Supreme Court, which reached a unanimous decision on April 9, 2008, that rejected the city's appeal and upheld the lower courts' decision.
In 2006, a suit was filed in federal court against Washington state's North Central Regional Library District (NCRL). "The NCRL's policy of refusing to disable its Internet filters upon request is restricting the ability of speakers, content providers and patrons of the NCRL's public-library branches to access the contemporary marketplace of ideas" by using Internet filters on publicly available computer terminals to block access to constitutionally protected speech, including publications such as Women & Guns magazine, which is owned by SAF. It is claimed the library refuses to unblock such access even at the request of the plaintiffs. Upon certification by the District Court, the Washington Supreme Court held that a public library may, consistent with the Washington State Constitution, filter Internet access for all patrons without being obliged to disable the filter to allow access to web sites containing constitutionally protected speech upon the request of an adult library patron. Based on this ruling, the federal district court ruled in 2012 that the public library's policy, including not disabling an Internet filter at the request of an adult patron, was reasonable, was not constitutionally overbroad, and did not violate the First Amendment's content-based restrictions.
In 2008, the Second Amendment Foundation and the NRA successfully sued Washington, forcing the state to restart issuing and renewing Alien Firearms Licenses to legal resident aliens.
On June 26, 2008, following the ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller affirming an individual Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms by the Supreme Court of the United States, the Second Amendment Foundation filed a suit, known as McDonald v. Chicago, against the City of Chicago to overturn its handgun ban. Alan Gura, who successfully argued Heller before the Supreme Court, was lead counsel in this case. On June 28, 2010, the Supreme Court held in McDonald that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and applies to the states. In a noteworthy concurring opinion, Justice Clarence Thomas held that the application of the Second Amendment to the states was through the Fourteenth Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause.
Following the Heller decision in 2008 in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use, the Second Amendment Foundation partnered with Smith & Wesson to create a commemorative revolver. On the right side plate of the revolver, the scale of justice is depicted with the case name across the scale. The balance is in favor of the "Heller" name with the court date of "June 26, 2008" positioned across the top. Underneath the scale, the side plate reads "Second Amendment" and "The right to keep and bear arms" in white lettering. The revolver was presented to the six plaintiffs of the case.
On June 29, 2010, following the McDonald ruling by the Supreme Court that the Second Amendment is incorporated against the states, the Second Amendment Foundation, along with Grass Roots North Carolina and three North Carolina citizens, filed a federal suit in North Carolina. The suit, known as Bateman vs. Perdue, seeks to prevent local officials and local governments from declaring states of emergency under which private citizens are prohibited from exercising their right to bear arms. Alan Gura, who successfully argued Heller and McDonald before the Supreme Court, is lead counsel in this case.
In 2018, the Foundation joined in a lawsuit against Alameda County, which had passed an ordinance that prohibits gun stores from being located within 500 feet of a residential zone. The plaintiffs won before a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit Court, but the decision was reversed by the full appeals court sitting en banc. The plaintiffs filed for a Writ of Certiorari seeking a hearing before the US Supreme Court. The Court rejected the request on May 14, 2017.
Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms
The Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms (CCRKBA) is the lobbying affiliate of the Second Amendment Foundation. As of January 2015, both groups reported having over 650,000 members.
The CCRKBA was founded by Gottlieb in 1971, three years before he founded the SAF. The organization was formed to advocate the individualist interpretation of the Second Amendment by firearm enthusiasts who felt that the NRA was not taking a strong enough stand on gun control and gun rights.
Doctors for Responsible Gun Ownership
Doctors for Responsible Gun Ownership is a gun-rights organization of American physicians. It was founded in 1993 by Timothy Wheeler, now Director emeritus, as a project of the Claremont Institute; as of 2016, it was a project of the Second Amendment Foundation.
Doctors for Responsible Gun Ownership (DRGO) is a nationwide network of physicians and other health professionals who support the safe and lawful use of firearms. It also educates the public by searching and posting the best articles using science and medicine in dealing with firearm politics, proper use of firearms, and gun safety. It also publishes its own articles by DRGO members twice weekly. The editor of DRGO is Robert B. Young, MD; John Edeen, MD, is media liaison and Membership Director; Arthur Z. Przebinda, MD., is DRGO Project Director. Authors and Contributors include Gary Mauser, PhD, and Miguel Faria, MD.
Publications
The Gun Mag, a monthly magazine
Women & Guns, a bi-monthly magazine
The Gottlieb-Tartaro Report, a monthly newsletter
SAF Reporter, a quarterly newsletter
Journal of Firearms and Public Policy, an annual reference book
The New Gun Week, weekly magazine that ran for 45 years, is now "TheGunMag"
Radio
The Second Amendment Foundation and the CCRKBA own a group of business talk radio stations in the Pacific Northwest.
Stations
See also
Kachalsky v. Cacace
Woollard v. Gallagher
International Association for the Protection of Civilian Arms Rights
References
External links
CCRKBA web page
www.thegunmag.com – official print/online publication
www.womenandguns.com – Women & Guns magazine
Bradburn et al. v. North Central Regional Library District – case history
www.ChicagoGunCase.com Otis McDonald et al. v. City of Chicago – case history
Radio broadcasting companies of the United States
Gun rights advocacy groups in the United States
Organizations based in Bellevue, Washington
1974 establishments in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Amendment%20Foundation |
The autostrada A6 in Poland is a short motorway that starts at the Polish/German border at Kołbaskowo/Pomellen connecting to the German A11 autobahn. It forms a southern bypass of the Szczecin metropolitan area and terminates at Rzęśnica interchange to the east of the city, from where it continues in an expressway standard as S3 towards Świnoujście and S6 towards Gdańsk.
Its length is . The motorway is part of the European route E28.
History
The 1930s (construction)
The motorway had its beginning as part of the Reichsautobahn system built by Germany in the 1930s, as part of a planned motorway connection from Berlin through the "Polish Corridor" to Königsberg in East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). Construction works proceeded up to Rummelsburg (Miastko) after the 1939 Invasion of Poland but finally discontinued in 1942 because of the impact of World War II. After the war, the highway sections that, together with the surrounding area, became a part of Poland were dubbed Berlinka. The post-1945 borders meant that the need for a high-capacity road connection on that route disappeared. Even though much of the construction work had already been completed, it was not continued by the postwar Polish government.
Of the portion that ended up on Polish territory, only a stretch east from the Oder-Neisse line border with Germany was fully completed as a dual-carriageway autobahn (in 1936-1937 (), which became the A6 of today. Further east, for another , one finds a partially completed, single-lane motorway, signed as voivodeship road 142 (part of it has been reconstructed to also serve as an emergency military road airstrip). Further east, the road is no longer passable, but the earthworks left from the motorway construction stretch for about more and are easily visible on satellite photographs. While not part of the A6 in any formal sense, another part of the Berlin-Königsberg autobahn was the single carriageway section east of Elbląg (Elbing), built in prewar East Prussia and now in Poland and Russia. That stretch had been rebuilt and was opened to traffic in 2008 as express road S22.
1996 to 2022 (reconstruction)
In the years after the war, the damage caused by wartime demolitions was repaired but not completely, as some Oder bridges were rebuilt only as a single carriageway. The motorway saw no more significant upgrade or reconstruction until the 1990s. As a result, it fell far short of modern standards and so on some maps, it was not marked as a motorway in whole or in part. Work on upgrading the highway to modern standards began in 1996, starting with the full rebuilding of Oder bridges. The first 22 km from the German border to the junction with national road 10 have been reconstructed from 1996 to 1999 and from 2005 to 2007. The eastern 6.5 km were reconstructed and then officially redesignated as A6 in 2012 to 2014 and 2017 to 2020. Interchange Kijewo was reconstructed from 2019 to 2022, which finished the process of resurfacing the whole length of A6.
Exit list
See also
European route E28
Expressway S6 (Poland)
Highways in Poland
External links
Photo gallery of A6
Kołbaskowo interchange
Gryfino interchange
Szczecin-Podjuchy interchange
Partially completed Stargard-Szczeciński interchange, on the DW142 road
End of passable section near Lisowo
A6 depicted on a map from 1956 British atlas. The section east of Szczecin is incorrectly shown as an existing motorway. It actually corresponds to the portion where the construction work was well advanced, but not continued after the war.
References
Motorways in Poland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A6%20autostrada%20%28Poland%29 |
The list of ship decommissionings in 1940 includes a chronological list of ships decommissioned in 1940. In cases where no official decommissioning ceremony was held, the date of withdrawal from service may be used instead. Notably, several destroyers were decommissioned by the United States Navy during 1940 for immediate transfer to the Royal Navy under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the two nations.
References
See also
1940
Ship decommissionings
Ship launches
Ship launches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ship%20decommissionings%20in%201940 |
Charles Brownlow may refer to:
Chas Brownlow (1861–1924), Australian rules football administrator in the Victorian Football League
Charles Brownlow, 1st Baron Lurgan (1795–1847), Irish politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1818 to 1832
Charles Brownlow, 2nd Baron Lurgan (1831–1882), Anglo-Irish Liberal politician
Charles Henry Brownlow (1831–1916), British Army officer
Charles Brownlow (The Bill), fictional character | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Brownlow |
I Am David is a 2003 American drama film written and directed by Paul Feig in his directorial debut. It is based on the 1963 novel of the same name (originally published in the USA under the name North to Freedom) by Anne Holm. The film was produced by Walden Media and Lions Gate Entertainment.
Plot
Seven years after World War II, a 12-year-old boy named David escapes a gulag in Bulgaria where he has spent his entire life where his mother has been taken away from him. He sets out on a risky journey to Denmark, initially believing he is on an important mission to deliver a letter, but eventually discovering that the "mission" was to reunite him with his mother, of whom he has distinct memories. Along his journey, he faces danger, fear, loneliness, hunger, missions and encounters various people.
Johannes, his friend and mentor in the camp, who prepares him for escape, is killed by a guard, leaving David to face escape on his own. David is helped by a guard to escape, who gives him a compass and tells him he must go southwest to Greece, take a boat to Italy and finally go north to Denmark, a peaceful and neutral country. The guard also tells him to trust no one. Since David was locked in a camp all his life, he has repressed feelings and trusts no one anyway, and so feels lost and disoriented in the world.
Along his journey, though he is mistreated by some people, he is well-treated by others. Gradually he learns that some people can be trusted, and to open up and experience his own feelings. Finally, with the help of decent people whom he has learned to trust, David is reunited with his mother in Denmark.
Cast
Ben Tibber - David
Jim Caviezel - Johannes
Joan Plowright - Sophie
Hristo Shopov - The Man
Roberto Attias - Baker
Maria Bonnevie - David's mother
Francesco De Vito - Roberto
Viola Carinci - Maria
Silvia De Santis - Elsa
Alessandro Sperduti - Carlo
Reception
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote: "I couldn't believe a moment of it, and never identified with little David."
The film grossed $288,552 domestically in 226 theaters. In the rest of the world, the film grossed $3,824.
Awards
The film won several awards in 2003, including the Crystal Heart Award in the Heartland Film Festival, the Queens Festival's Best Feature Film prize, and Best Film and Most Promising Actor for Ben Tibber. Ben Tibber never acted in a feature film again.
References
External links
2003 films
2000s coming-of-age drama films
2000s teen drama films
American adventure drama films
American coming-of-age drama films
American teen drama films
Films about children
Films about families
Films about friendship
Films about homelessness
Films based on Danish novels
Films directed by Paul Feig
Films set in 1951
Films set in Bulgaria
Films set in Greece
Films set in Italy
Films set in prison
Films set in Switzerland
Films shot in Bulgaria
Films shot in Greece
Films shot in Italy
Films scored by Stewart Copeland
Lionsgate films
Films with screenplays by Paul Feig
Walden Media films
2003 directorial debut films
2003 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Am%20David%20%28film%29 |
Flora Laney Thornton (November 1, 1913 – May 7, 2010) was an American actress and philanthropist.
Biography
Early life
Flora Laney was born on November 1, 1913 in Independence, Kansas. She was the daughter of Charles W. and Effie M. (Smith) Laney. She moved with her family to Fort Worth, Texas, where she attended Texas Tech University. She majored in nutrition and clothing design. She later moved to New York to study voice.
Career
She appeared in two Broadway musicals, May Wine and White Horse Inn.
Philanthropy
She served on the board of regents of Pepperdine University. She also served a seven year term at the Library of Congress Trust Fund Board. She supported the University of Southern California School of Music, the USC/Norris comprehensive cancer center, and the Library Foundation of Los Angeles. Following Thornton's contribution of $25 million to the School of Music in 1999, the USC Board of Trustees renamed the School of Music to USC Thornton School of Music. She also donated to the Keck School of Medicine of USC, Pepperdine University, the Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Los Angeles Music Center, and the Los Angeles Opera.
Her support to the Los Angeles Opera made her a life trustee and Founding Angel in 1989. She partnered with Plácido Domingo, the company's general director, to establish the Domingo-Thornton Young Artist Program. "Identifying and encouraging talented young artists with enormous potential is essential to the future of opera," Thornton said at the time. Thornton also served nine years on the board of the Santa Fe Opera. Her contribution helped organize a scholarship fund to the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara.
She established the Flora L. Thornton Foundation, which supports philanthropic programs which help make local-world communities a better place to live. With her second husband, she supported the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Programs, which led to the establishment of the Eric Small Centers for Optimal Living, for people with multiple sclerosis and similar diseases.
Personal life
She married her first husband, Tex Thornton, in 1937. They were married for 44 years until his death in 1981. She remarried in 2005 to Eric Small.
Death
She died of pulmonary disease at her home in Holmby Hills on May 7, 2010. Her service was held at All Saints Church in Beverly Hills, California.
References
1913 births
2010 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Fort Worth, Texas
People from Holmby Hills, Los Angeles
People from Independence, Kansas
People from Los Angeles
Pepperdine University people
Philanthropists from California
Texas Tech University alumni
University of Southern California people
20th-century American philanthropists
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora%20L.%20Thornton |
St Margaret’s School for Girls is the oldest all-through girls’ school in Scotland and caters for pupils aged three to 18 in a nursery, junior school and senior school. St Margaret’s is an independent charitable trust that warmly welcomes girls of all denominations and faiths.
St Margaret's is a member of the Scottish Council of Independent Schools (SCIS), Girls' Schools Association and Queen Margaret of Scotland Girls' Schools Association.
History
Beginnings, 1846-1888
The school was first established in 1846 by 21-year-old Ann Stephen as a day school for girls in the drawing room of her parents' house at 1 Union Wynd, where pupils were taught writing, music, sewing, French and German. After 10 years, the school moved to 13 Union Row, where it was extended to a 'day and boarding school'. Miss Stephen retired in 1874, and the school was taken over by two sisters, the Misses Reid, who ran it for just four years.
In 1878, Mary Andrew became headteacher, teaching French to the girls and insisting that they speak it at all meals and for certain hours in the evening; a fine was imposed on anyone who lapsed. According to the 1881 census, 13 boarders from the age of 11 to 19 lived at the school with Miss Andrew and a governess, a cook and a servant. Sadly, Miss Andrew died at the age of 40 in 1888.
St Margaret's 1888-1929
Sisters, Isabella and Jean Duncan, took over in 1888, moving the school to 31 Union Grove as it grew. Pupils were expected to dress with 'a sense of propriety', and an early photograph shows the girls wearing ankle-length skirts and long-sleeved white blouses. Spot checks on deportment and behaviour were made at the end of the school day to check that the girls were behaving in a seemly manner.
In May 1890, the school made its last move to 17 Albyn Place, where it remains today. A kindergarten class was established and the school was officially named St Margaret's School for Girls.
The ‘best’ rooms were the sitting room, with its veranda and stairs leading down to the back garden (the present headteacher’s room), and the great drawing room (present library), with its vast bow-window, highly polished floor and gilt chairs.
Following the sisters’ retirement, the newly formed Council appointed Mary C. Bell as the first headteacher of the new independent St Margaret's. Electric lighting and a system of central heating were installed throughout, the big drawing-room was converted into a gymnasium and the assembly hall was turned into a library. The rooms where boarders had slept became classrooms and a staff room was established.
Miss Bell introduced the prefect system, and founded the dramatic club and the debating society. She also started sports day and gymnastic and dancing displays. Two hockey pitches were rented, and tennis courts were borrowed from the Grammar School boarding house until 1926, when ground for two hockey pitches and two netball courts was acquired at King's Gate. Through gifts from Council, three tennis courts were laid out, and a sports pavilion was built. Miss Bell taught the girls of St Margaret's to think for themselves, to acquire a sense of responsibility and to have pride in their school.
The School Well Established, 1929-1952
Miss Bell's successor was Mabel E. Holland and, under her able direction, the school rode out the problems of disruption and evacuation caused by the Second World War. Inheriting a school roll of 134, Miss Holland left with 365 pupils on the books. While maintaining the traditions and standards of the past, Miss Holland introduced new schemes, including a school magazine, The Chronicle, the building of a school hall, and the purchase of 15 Albyn Place. Meanwhile, the number of girls leaving school with the necessary qualification to attend university was growing steadily. The school hall was built and within a few months of the hall's opening, a passageway - known to this day as 'the pink passage' - was added to connect the new hall with the old school building. By March 1934, enough money had been raised to add extra rooms behind the hall, which doubled as green rooms for dramatic performances and as music practice rooms. The new building also allowed for the introduction of a Nursery Class. This was the first 'West-end' Nursery School in Aberdeen. Miss Holland also introduced the school uniform.
However, the Second World War brought Miss Holland and her staff their greatest challenges. On her arrival at school in August 1939, with the new session due to start, Miss Holland was greeted by the news that 17 Albyn Place had been requisitioned for the Food Office.
The Boarding Houses, 1856-1989
For 133 years, pupils boarded at the school. As the numbers of boarders grew, the school acquired 7, and later No 6 Queen's Gardens. At the junior boarding house, Canmore House, the children were allowed to keep pets and each boarder had a small piece of garden.
With the coming of war in 1939, the boarding houses were evacuated to the country, for the greater safety of the children and because the school’s buildings were requisitioned. Glenbuchat, 40 miles from Aberdeen on Upper Donside, was the first place of refuge. Here was remoteness indeed, especially for those in Glenbuchat Lodge, where the main road was seven miles away; a horse-drawn sledge was needed to deliver the groceries in the snowy winter of 1939.
In autumn 1947, (following the sale of the Queen's Gardens properties) the School Council purchased Culter House, which became home to many boarders for 41 years. However, as the number of boarders declined, the decision was taken to discontinue boarding and sell Culter House. After 133 years of boarding, St Margaret's was once more a day school.
The post-war years onwards
A long line of Heads have followed, along with many new improvements: a 'new look' uniform, a new telephone exchange, new lighting and nursery equipment were purchased, a new physics laboratory, a music room, and an improved gym. By 1983, a new six classroom junior block had been added, and in 1989, the Parents' Association was founded, along with the Pupil Council. An impressive new computing room was created and in 1996, St Margaret's built a music suite, a general purpose hall (the GP room), and two new classrooms. A new pavilion at the Summerhill playing fields was opened in 2009.
In 2015, the school completed its largest estate development in almost 20 years with the opening of its new state-of-the-art science block, which was officially opened by renowned British astrophysicist Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, who is credited with one of the most significant astronomical discoveries of the 20th century, that of radio pulsars. The new facility comprises four laboratories, a technician’s room and a project room. Shortly after, new art and drama studios were also unveiled.
The School's Crest and Motto
In 1934, the school was granted by the Lord Lyon an achievement of arms. This consists of a shield bearing the arms of St Margaret, Queen of Scotland, surmounted by the three triple-towered castles which symbolise the City of Aberdeen. St Margaret's arms are 'a cross fleury' (a cross with fleurs-de-lys at its four ends) and five martels (heraldic swallows).
The motto below the shield is Tenez Ferme (hold fast), chosen at the suggestion of Dr Esslemont Adams, a member of the school's Council. The motto refers back to a story in the life of St Margaret. When she was riding pillion behind a seneschal they came to a boggy piece of ground and the seneschal cried out 'Haud siccar'. The Scots was translated into French when the motto was adopted officially as part of the school's coat of arms.
Academics
In 2018, St Margaret’s celebrated another year of excellent results. The pass rate at Advanced Higher was 96% (A-C grade), with 90% of grades awarded at A or B grade, while the pass rate was 95% at Higher level for S5 pupils (A-C grade), with 88% achieving A or B grade. Pupils in fourth year received a 98% pass rate at National 5, with 90% of candidates achieving at A or B level.
Houses
The school operates three ‘houses’, all of which are named after local Scottish castles. Each pupil is allocated a house upon entering the school. They can win points for their house by completing various activities, competing in sports events and demonstrating an ‘above and beyond’ attitude with the aim of winning the House Shield at the end of the year.
Kildrummy: Kildrummy House is named after the great castle of Kildrummy, 35 miles west of Aberdeen.
Crathes: Crathes Castle, owned by the National Trust, was built by the Burnett family in 1553 and, unlike the other two castles that represent Houses in St Margaret’s, is still standing intact today.
Dunnottar: Named after the castle situated on the cliffs near Stonehaven.
References
External links
School website
St Margaret's School for Girls' page on Scottish Schools Online
HMIE Inspection Report
Secondary schools in Aberdeen
Private schools in Aberdeen
Girls' schools in Aberdeen
Member schools of the Girls' Schools Association | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Margaret%27s%20School%20for%20Girls |
Oakwell is a multi-purpose sports development in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England used primarily by Barnsley Football Club for playing their home fixtures, and those of their reserves.
While the name 'Oakwell' generally refers to the main stadium, it also includes several neighbouring venues which form the facilities of the Barnsley FC Academy, an indoor training pitch, a smaller stadium with seating on the south and west sides for around 2,200 spectators, and several training pitches used by the different Barnsley FC squads.
Oakwell was the first stadium in English football to have a designated stand for disabled supporters.
Until 2003 the stadium and the vast amount of land that surrounds it were owned by Barnsley Football Club themselves; however, after the club fell into administration in 2002, the council purchased the main Oakwell Stadium to allow the club to pay its creditors and remain participants in the Football League.
West Stand
The stand is made up of two tiers, with only the upper tier covered, but at the expense of several supporting columns for the roof structure. The seats are the originals from the early 1900s, and from here you get a decent view with moderate legroom. In spite of the restricted views and modest facilities, the West Stand remains a popular vantage point for many fans. The lower tier of the West Stand is uncovered and offers a great view of the action.
The roof of the West Stand is corrugated iron. This also houses the main television gantry, which is accessed from the upper-tier seating area by a temporary ladder.
At the end of the 1990s, the then stadium owners Barnsley Football Club were considering re-developing the West Stand after several seasons of high attendances; however, with the rapid decline in fortunes of the football club, subsequent sale of the stadium and new club ownership, these plans are unlikely to come to fruition in the near future.
The stand also incorporates a traditional players' tunnel in the center. While this is used for access to some of the facilities underneath the stand, the main players' tunnel now feeds out from the north-west corner, following the relocation of the changing rooms to the North Stand.
The West Stand has a total seating capacity of 4,752.
On 7 September 2021, the club announced that the stand would be closed to spectators until further notice due to numerous safety concerns, therefore the capacity of the stadium dropped from 23,287 to 18,515, the stand only will remain open to broadcasters and the media during this time, with season tickets holders relocated to other parts of the stadium.
East Stand
The East Stand is a two-tier development, completed in 1993. Funded in part by the football trust, the stand has a capacity of 7,492 and replaced a large covered terrace known as the Brewery Stand. The East Stand was designed by NYP Architects, as was the North Stand and the Corner Stand. With the completion of the East Stand, Barnsley FC became the first football club in Yorkshire to incorporate 'executive boxes' into their stadium.
Because of the sloped land on which Oakwell Stadium is built, the rear of the East Stand is much taller than it is from the pitch side, meaning that a climb to the upper-tier seating area requires many more steps than a spectator may anticipate; however, several lifts are available.
Norman Rimmington Stand
Built in 1995, The Norman Rimmington Stand is the current name for what is traditionally known as the 'Pontefract Road End' or 'Ponty End'. Some fans continue to call it the 'ORA Stand', in reference to its original sponsors. It is also known as the Van Damme Stand. The stand was renamed in 2023, in honour of former Barnsley player, coach and club legend Norman Rimmington.
With a capacity of 4,508, the CK Beckett Stand is a large covered single-tier seating area behind the goal on the south side of the stadium.
This part of the stadium also houses the club superstore, the box office, and general administration offices.
North Stand
The North Stand is the most recent addition to Oakwell Stadium and is a large covered singled-tiered seating area with a capacity of 6,257 spectators.
As this stand is generally reserved for away supporters, its full capacity is rarely utilized.
At a cost of £4.5 million (including several academy facilities that it accommodates), it has been a cause for debate ever since its construction. However, at the time it was built, Barnsley had only just been relegated from the FA Premier League and were planning for a possible return.
Wakefield Audi Corner Stand
Built in the summer of 1998 and originally known as 'The Welcome Windows Stand', the structure provides further executive areas and disabled facilities for viewing an event.
Access to this area was also incorporated into the neighbouring East Stand on several levels; the spectator capacity of the structure is 202.
In August 2015 Barnsley announced the new sponsor of the stand, renaming it to the Brittania Drilling Limited Stand. However, on 9 October 2018, the sponsor changed yet again, to Wakefield Audi.
Other uses
In recent years Oakwell Stadium has rarely been used by anyone other than Barnsley FC, apart from the occasional 'celebrity' charity football match.
Wakefield Trinity Wildcats rugby league club used the stadium for their first game in the Super League in 1998.
Non-league football club Wakefield and Emley used the stadium for an FA Cup tie against Rotherham in 1998, choosing a larger neutral venue as opposed to the traditional option of 'switching' the tie to the home of the team which was drawn away.
Premier League side Manchester City used the stadium for their first qualifying round UEFA Cup game in July 2008, since the pitch at the City of Manchester Stadium was unsuitable for football after the summer's commercial activities, such as boxing and music concerts, and was being re-turfed.
Tragedy
On 27 December 1920, Horace Fairhurst, a full-back for the visiting Blackpool, received a blow to the head during the league encounter. He died at home eleven days later as a result of the injury.
Transport
Barnsley Interchange, with rail services to Sheffield, Leeds, Wakefield, Chesterfield, Nottingham, and Huddersfield, is around half a mile from Oakwell, or around a ten-minute walk, mostly uphill.
Notes
External links
Photographs and details of Oakwell Stadium
Satellite image of Oakwell
Barnsley F.C.
Football venues in England
Buildings and structures in Barnsley
Football venues in South Yorkshire
Sport in Barnsley
Premier League venues
Sports venues completed in 1887
English Football League venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakwell |
Baxter is a 1989 French horror film directed by Jérôme Boivin. The film is based on the novel Hell Hound (1977) by Ken Greenhall (under the pseudonym Jessica Hamilton). The title character is a murderous white Bull Terrier who tells the story of his search for a proper master in voice-over narration.
Plot
Baxter, a bull terrier, is taken from the pens and given to an old woman. Baxter hates the old woman's bland lifestyle and reacts to her habits with disgust. In contrast, he becomes obsessed with the young couple across the street as he observes their nightly lovemaking sessions. Baxter attempts to communicate his dominance over the old woman by causing her to stumble, but his plan backfires. The old woman's condition deteriorates, and ultimately Baxter kills her in order to be adopted by the young couple.
Baxter enjoys his life with the young couple, splitting his time between the sensual woman and the earthy man. He brings them dead animals in an attempt to show them who he is. His idyll is broken when the couple has a baby and begins to neglect him. Baxter hates the weak and helpless child. He attempts to kill it, but his plans again backfire. Ignorant of Baxter's murderous intentions, the couple gives Baxter to a neighborhood boy.
Baxter thrills under the firm hand of his new master, a budding sociopath and Hitler fanatic. The boy begins to see a girl from his school who reminds him of Eva Braun. Baxter impregnates the girl's spaniel, though his own sexuality disgusts him. Later Baxter kills a stray dog to show the boy who he is, and Baxter believes that they come to a mutual understanding. When the boy commands Baxter to kill a classmate, Baxter refuses and realizes that the boy does not understand him after all.
The girl's spaniel gives birth to puppies, and Baxter reacts to them with mixed emotions. In an attempt to emulate the final days of Hitler, the boy kills the puppies. In reaction, Baxter decides that the boy must die. The boy attacks first, but Baxter manages to gain the upper hand. When the boy commands him to heel, Baxter finds that he cannot disobey, allowing the boy to kill him. Later, the boy breaks into the old lady's abandoned house and observes the young couple across the street. In a monologue echoing Baxter's, the boy plans to kill his parents and be adopted by the couple.
Cast
Maxime Leroux as Baxter (voiceover)
Lise Delamare as Madame Deville
Bella Sana as Young Barbara
Catherine Ferran as Florence
Jacques Spiesser as Michel Ferrer
Jean Mercure as Monsieur Cuzzo
Jean-Paul Roussillon as Joseph Barsky
Sabrina Leurquin as Noelle
Daniel Rialet as Jean
Evelyne Didi as Marie Cuzzo
Rémy Carpenter as Roger Morel
Jany Gastaldi as Anne Ferrer
Release
Home media
Baxter was released for the first time on DVD by Lionsgate on 17 July 2007.
Reception
Baxter received mostly positive reviews from critics upon its release.
Hal Hinson of The Washington Post praising the film's atmosphere, and title character, but criticized the film's uninteresting human characters. Marc Savlov from Austin Chronicle awarded the film 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing, "Baxter, like its bullet-snouted star, is a tight, wiry little film, by turns both comic and chilling." TV Guide gave the film three out of five stars, calling it "an extremely bleak, nihilistic and occasionally horrifyingly graphic depiction of all that can possibly go sour between a pet dog and his various human masters." The reviewer praised the film's direction, screenplay, performances, and title canine.
The film was not without its detractors.
Bill Gibron from DVD Talk rated the film two out of five stars, stating that he "found nothing entertaining or enlightening about this meandering mean spirited mess".
References
External links
1989 films
1989 horror films
1980s horror drama films
1989 independent films
French horror drama films
1980s French-language films
Films about dogs
Films based on American novels
French independent films
Films with screenplays by Jacques Audiard
1989 crime drama films
1980s French films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxter%20%28film%29 |
6th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards
February 7, 2006
Best Film:
Brokeback Mountain
Best Canadian Film:
C.R.A.Z.Y.
The 6th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2005, were given on 7 February 2006.
Winners
International
Best Actor:
Philip Seymour Hoffman - Capote
Best Actress:
Felicity Huffman - Transamerica
Best Director:
Ang Lee - Brokeback Mountain
Best Film:
Brokeback Mountain
Best Foreign Language Film:
Paradise Now, Palestine
Best Supporting Actor:
Terrence Howard - Crash
Best Supporting Actress:
Amy Adams - Junebug
Canadian
Best Actor:
Marc-André Grondin - C.R.A.Z.Y.
Best Actress:
Lisa Ray - Water
Best British Columbian Film:
It's All Gone Pete Tong
Best Director:
Deepa Mehta - Water
Best Film:
C.R.A.Z.Y.
Best Supporting Actor:
Michel Côté - C.R.A.Z.Y.
Best Supporting Actress:
Danielle Proulx - C.R.A.Z.Y.
2005
2005 film awards
2005 in British Columbia
2005 in Canadian cinema | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver%20Film%20Critics%20Circle%20Awards%202005 |
Prenton Park is a large outdoor seated association football stadium in Birkenhead, England. It is the home ground of Tranmere Rovers, as well as Liverpool's women and reserves teams. The ground has had several rebuilds, with the most recent occurring in 1995 in response to the requirement of the Taylor Report to become all-seater. Today's stadium holds 16,587 in four stands: the Kop, the Johnny King Stand, the Main Stand and the Cowshed (for away supporters).
Attendances at the ground have fluctuated over its hundred-year history. Its largest-ever crowd was 24,424 for a 1972 FA Cup match between Tranmere and Stoke City. In 2010, an average of 5,000 fans attended each home game.
History
Tranmere Rovers F.C. were formed in 1884; they played their first matches at Steeles Field in Birkenhead but, in 1887, they bought a new site from Tranmere Rugby Club. The ground was variously referred to as the "Borough Road Enclosure", "Ravenshaw's Field" and "South Road". The name "Prenton Park" was adopted in 1895 as a result of a suggestion in the letters page of the Football Echo. Not strictly within Prenton, it is likely that the name was chosen as the area was regarded as more upmarket than nearby Tranmere.
Because the land was required for housing and a school, Tranmere were forced to move and the name went with them. The present Prenton Park was opened by the Mayor of Birkenhead, Councillor George Proudman, on 9 March 1912. Their first match was played against Lancaster Town in the Lancashire Combination. There were stands (also known as bleachers) on both sides of the pitch, a paddock and three open terraces, the general format which remained until 1994.
Floodlights were installed in the ground in September 1958. The supporters' association raised the £15,000 cost of the new lights. When manager Dave Russell joined the club in 1961, one of his many influential changes was to take advantage of the lights, playing regular home games on Friday nights rather than the usual Saturday afternoon. This allowed supporters to watch Tranmere on Fridays and First Division sides Everton or Liverpool on Saturdays. The idea was successful and continued until the 1990s.
Over the years, various upgrades and repairs have been made to the stadium. By 1968, the old wooden Main Stand was in poor condition and in need of replacement. At a cost of £80,000, today's Main Stand was erected and opened by Minister for Sport and former referee Denis Howell. In 1979, the terracing on the Cowshed and Paddock was concreted. The Tranmere suite was added to the Main Stand in 1988, with further bars and executive suites added soon after.
Many improvements to the ground were driven by changes in legislation. In 1985, the Safety of Sports Grounds Act led to a reduction in capacity from 18,000 to 8,000. The Kop End was closed, and the Main Stand capacity was reduced by 3,000, because there were insufficient access points. £50,000 was spent on safety work to maintain a capacity of 8,000, and the club were unable to afford any further refurbishment. But the biggest change of all took place during 1994 and 1995. The Taylor Report suggested that all stadia in the top two divisions of English football should no longer permit standing. The club's response was to redevelop three sides of the ground with entirely new all-seater stands created – the Borough Road Stand, the Cowshed and the new Kop. Capacity in the ground thus increased from 14,200 to the 16,587 of today.
In 2009, Liverpool F.C. Reserves moved from the Racecourse Ground to Prenton Park. In 2018, Liverpool F.C. Women moved here as well.
Stands
Main Stand
The Main Stand is the oldest in Prenton Park, having been opened in December 1968. It is also the largest, with a capacity of 5,957. A two tier stand, it is generally divided into three main sections. The lower tier consists of the Bebington End paddock (capacity 1,150) and the Town End paddock (capacity 1,209), either side of the halfway line. The upper tier is simply referred to as the Main Stand (capacity 3,598).
The Main Stand houses the VIP area, directors box and various suites. The Tranmere suite was added to the Main Stand in 1988, with the Dixie Dean suite, Bunny Bell bar and Dave Russell restaurant added soon after. The 53-year-old structure is becoming increasingly expensive to repair.
Kop
The Bebington Kop, simply referred to as the Kop, is a large single-tier, all-seater stand with a capacity of 5,696. Completed in 1995, it replaced the earlier open terrace (also called the Kop) which had stood behind the goal at the Bebington End. Originally the Kop housed both home and away fans, split down the middle, and occasionally was handed entirely to the away fans. However, following the 2000 League Cup semi-final against Bolton, when the Kop was given entirely to the home fans, a campaign was begun to claim the Kop as a home end. From the 2000–01 season this became the case, with away fans housed in the Cowshed.
Johnny King Stand
Built in 1995 and formerly known as the Borough Road Stand, it was renamed in 2002 to recognise former Rovers manager John King. The stand runs along the Borough Road side of the pitch, and is a low-rise seated stand with a capacity of 2,414.
Cowshed
The Cowshed houses away fans at Prenton Park, and has a capacity of 2,500. It has a slanted seating arrangement, caused by the main road running behind it. It historically housed the more vocal home fans, but was switched to away supporters around the start of the 21st century. Since the change, a bar and TV screens have been added to the stand. The name is derived from its appearance before the redevelopment in 1995. With a 3 peak roof of corrugated iron, walls of wooden plank and a cinder bank floor it visually resembled an agricultural building.
Attendances
Prenton Park has seen the number of supporters rise and fall considerably over its hundred-year history. Around 8,000 visitors watched the first game at the stadium on 11 March 1912, as Tranmere beat Lancaster Town 8–0. Early attendances varied from 5,000 to 8,000, though, on Boxing Day 1921, 11,137 supporters came to see Tranmere take on Bolton Wanderers Reserves. Tranmere entered The Football League the next season, and 7,011 watched their first game against Crewe Alexandra F.C. There was an average of 6,000 in attendance at home games, before the Football League was suspended as a result of the Second World War.
After the war, the number of supporters rose, and by the early 1960s this number had increased to highs of 12,000. Attendances began to fall towards the end of the 1960s; this trend continued through the 1970s, though the decade did give Tranmere its largest-ever crowd: 24,424 on 5 February 1972, for a fourth-round FA Cup match against Stoke City. With today's capacity of under 17,000, it is unlikely that this record attendance will ever be broken.
The 1980s saw the number of supporters falling to some of the ground's lowest levels. The lowest ever attendance at Prenton Park was on 20 February 1984, when only 937 supporters watched a 2–0 victory over Halifax Town. However, the decade also saw a high number of supporters in the ground for other reasons. In the Hillsborough disaster, 97 Liverpool F.C. fans lost their lives on 15 April 1989. In the following days 12,000 people attended a memorial service at Prenton Park.
Tranmere's success in the 1990s led to improved attendances, rising to around 9,000 per game. By 2010, this had fallen to around 5,000 per game; however, 12,249 supporters took advantage of an offer of free admission to watch a replayed match against Notts County F.C., on 19 April 2011. In the season 2011–2012, there were two £5 administration offers available; one of them was on a Bank Holiday and the other was for a celebration of 100 years of Prenton Park 1912–2012 with an attendance of 6,824, with many events on before and after the game and at half time.
Record games
Tranmere v Oldham, 1935
On Boxing Day 1935, Tranmere faced Oldham Athletic at Prenton Park in the Third Division North. Oldham had beaten Tranmere 4–1 the previous day, but Tranmere won 13–4 in the return fixture, including nine goals by Bunny Bell. At the time Bell's feat was an individual record, but it stood for only four months before Joe Payne netted ten for Luton Town, on his debut against Bristol Rovers. However, the aggregate of 17 goals in one game remains a league record.
Women's FA Cup finals
The only major finals to take place at Prenton Park were the Women's FA Cup in 1991 and 1992. The 1991 final was contested by Millwall Lionesses and Doncaster Belles. Millwall won the game 1–0 in front of a crowd of 4,000. The game was broadcast live on Channel 4. In 1992, Doncaster Belles returned to beat Red Star Southampton 4–0.
Shelbourne v Rangers, 1998
The only UEFA European Fixture to take place at Prenton Park was a UEFA Cup first qualifying round tie between Irish team Shelbourne and Scottish team Rangers, on 22 July 1998. Due to fears of sectarian violence, and after discussions between the two clubs and UEFA, Prenton Park was chosen as the venue for the first leg, with Shelbourne as the home team. The match finished 3–5 in favour of Rangers after Shelbourne (at the time a semi-professional side) had earlier taken a 3–0 lead. As a result of this game, Rangers were fined 25,000 Swiss Francs and warned by UEFA for their fans' behaviour at the game.
Music
The stadium hosted the Wirral Live music festival in 2017, with bands such as Madness, Little Mix and The Libertines.
Transport systems
The nearest railway station to the ground is Rock Ferry on Merseyrail's Wirral Line, 1.2 miles away. The ground is also served by the 38B, 464, 603, 627 and 659 bus routes.
References
General
Specific
Tranmere Rovers F.C.
Liverpool F.C.
Buildings and structures in Birkenhead
Football venues in England
Sports venues in Merseyside
Defunct rugby league venues in England
Sports venues completed in 1912
English Football League venues
Women's Super League venues
1912 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenton%20Park |
Jean-Pierre Amougou Belinga (born 20 February 1965) is a Cameroonian businessman known as the chief executive of the newspaper L'Anecdote and the TV channels Vision 4 and Télésud. Belinga caused controversy in March 2006 when he was sentenced to four months in prison for defamation after naming Grégoire Owona, a government minister, in a list of 50 presumed homosexual Cameroonians published in L'Anecdote. In 2023, he was arrested and charged in relation to the murder of journalist Martinez Zogo.
Career
Born to farming parents in Nkoumadzap, Méfou-et-Akono, Centre Region, as an adult Belinga moved to Yaoundé, where he was mentored by newspaper editor Georges-Gilbert Baongla. In 1995, Belinga became the editor of L'Anecdote. In 2020, he bought the television station Télésud. Belinga is a vocal supporter of Paul Biya, who has been President of Cameroon since 1982.
Criminal investigations
Owona defamation case
In January 2006, L'Anecdote published a list of 50 influential Cameroonians it alleged were homosexual, as part of a larger tabloid crusade against "deviant behaviour" in Cameroon, which at the time had made "homosexual acts" punishable by up to five years in prison. Belinga had justified the publication of the list, saying "we could not remain silent, we had to ring the alarm bell... we don't regret it and we have to do it again". In February 2006, following a two week trial, judge Alexandre Amougou Anaba said that Belinga had failed to produce any evidence to support the allegation that Owona was gay, something which Owona had consistently denied. Owona stated the allegations had damaged his reputation and exposed his family to ridicule. Belinga was sentenced to a four month custodial sentence, in addition to paying symbolic compensation to Owona of 1 CFA. Belinga was also ordered to pay 1 million CFA to the Cameroonian government and to arrange for the judgement to be published in 15 national and international media outlets, with him having to pay an additional 300, 000 CFA to Owona for every day the judgement was not published.
Assassination of Martinez Zogo
In February 2023, Belinga was named as suspect in the investigation of the torture and assassination of journalist Martinez Zogo, who had disappeared on 17 January 2023 and whose body had been found five days later. Belinga is suspected of being the mastermind of the crime. Despite L'Anecdote reporting that Belinga's arrest had been part of "routine procedure", on 4 March 2023, Belinga was charged with complicity in torture.
Personal life
Belinga is polygamous and has at least three wives.
References
Cameroonian businesspeople
Living people
LGBT rights in Cameroon
1965 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre%20Amougou%20Belinga |
London Road, currently known as the Weston Homes Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Peterborough, England. The stadium is in Fletton, south of the River Nene. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Peterborough United. The stadium holds 13,511 and was built in 1913, though the present ground bears no resemblance to the original following several periods of redevelopment.
History
The stadium was built and opened in the early 1890s, consisting of a single wooden stand with a capacity of just 250, and it was replaced in 1923 with a 650 seater. It was owned by the city council and taken over by The Posh following their formation in 1934. The council built brick dressing rooms and a committee room at the back of the wooden stand to support the club. These survived until the 1950s, when the North Stand was constructed.
The two goal-ends were the next to be built. Many home fans had traditionally stood at the London Road End, so a covered standing terrace was constructed there just before the Second World War. A similar structure was built at the Moy's End at around the same time.
Financial difficulties during the war years meant that the city council very nearly terminated the ground lease. Another local sports club almost took a 10-year lease, but 'The Posh' were saved in 1942 by two individuals who paid the £50 owed in rent by the club.
In the 1950s, the council sold London Road to the club following a long-term lease, and it was at this time that major development of the ground began. In 1953, the Moy's End was refurbished with new covered terracing and a similar improvement was made at the London Road End just over a year later. A new stand, with 2,404 seats and standing room in the front, was constructed behind the old wooden stand in 1956 and opened in time for the 1957–58 season. The wooden stand was demolished, leaving a gap of 30 yards between the new Main (North) Stand and the pitch (the pitch was moved back the following season).
A new standing terrace was then built at the Glebe Road (southern) side of the stadium shortly after the completion of the Main Stand. Four executive boxes, along with a television platform, would later be added to the structure. Floodlights were added to the stadium in 1960, with four pylons erected at each corner of the ground. Joe Richards, who was then chairman of the Football League, performed the switch-on ceremony. The first match in which the floodlights were used was against Arsenal in February 1960.
Following the club's promotion to the First Division in 1992, the Main Stand was forced to undergo re-development. This was because the stadium's seated capacity was below the level required by the Taylor Report. To solve this problem, the stand's terraces were converted to seats, with 700 of these new seats were bought second-hand from Leicester City following the re-development of their Filbert Street stadium. Another 300 seats were taken from Millwall's stadium, The Den. Millwall were about to move into a new stadium themselves. With a capacity of 3,605, the Main Stand's facilities were improved to include a pub, conference areas and a retail shop.
Due to increased support, a new stand was constructed on the Glebe Road side of the ground. The two-tiered South Stand, with a capacity of 5,000, opened in time for the end of the 1995–96 season. The Football Trust contributed roughly £900,000 to the project. The stand was initially sponsored by Freemans and then by Thomas Cook. It was then called the Norwich and Peterborough Family Stand, due to a deal with the Norwich and Peterborough Building Society.
The new millennium saw the London Road End and Moy's End fitted with new roofs and crush barriers to comply with safety requirements. The pitch received a large make-over in 2001 when the entire playing surface was removed to insert of new drainage pipes and 500 tons of gravel and sand.
In 2014 the Norwegian company (electronic triplogs, GPS positioning) signed a five-year sponsorship, worth £500,000, with Peterborough FC and renamed it the ABAX Stadium .
In August 2017, the club announced that BGL Group become the new sponsor of the south stand with it to be known as the “BGL Family Stand.” This deal is set to last three years until 2020 and follows on from previous partnerships between The Posh and BGL Group where BGL sponsored both the teams Foundation as well as the First Team shorts in years previous.
When the FA submitted their bid for England to host the 2021 Women's European Championship, London Road was listed as a host venue. However, when the bid was successful, plans had to change as London Road did not meet UEFA regulations.
On 1 June 2019, the ground was renamed the Weston Homes Stadium as part of a ten-year £2 million sponsorship deal.
Capacity
The record attendance at the stadium currently stands at 30,096, during a 1965 FA Cup tie with Swansea Town. This is unlikely to be beaten in the near future as it was set when most of the ground consisted of terracing. The record attendance since the capacity dropped to 15,314 (prior to seating of London Road end) is 14,110, which was set during a clash with Leicester City in 2009.
Stands
Main Stand
London Road End
The traditional home end terrace had 2,175 rail seats, which permit safe standing, installed in the summer of 2022.
Glebe Road
Currently known as the Meerkat Family Stand for sponsorship purposes, the stand is a two tiered 4,637 capacity stand to the south of the pitch. It houses some of the home supporters, and is the largest stand in the stadium. The current two tiered structure was opened in 1996, and was previously an open aired terrace.
Moy's End
Currently known as the DESKGO Stand for sponsorship purposes, the stand is a single tiered 2,557 capacity stand to the east of the pitch. The stand was completed in 2014 replacing the previous Moy's End Terrace, with plans for the stands construction being unveiled in 2010.
In 2019, a new jumbo screen was added to the stand, operating for the first time in a game against Ipswich Town.
Future
Prior to the club's promotion to the Championship in 2009, there had been talks about the possibility of a new stadium. After 'The Posh' were promoted, the chairman, Darragh MacAnthony, promised that a new stadium would be built if the club could maintain their Championship status for several seasons. These plans were still in the feasibility stage at the time. If built, the stadium would have been all-seater and would have had a capacity of between 15,000 and 25,000. However, the club's relegation a year later put these plans on hold. Though they have since regained their Championship status, the whole prospect of either significant development or a new stadium remains an issue.
In September 2010, plans were unveiled for a new stand to be constructed at the Moy's End. This will be the first phase of the redevelopment of London Road, the aim being to turn it into an all-seater stadium, that will meet Premier League criteria. Construction of the stand was set to be complete by mid-2012, but as of March 2013 construction had not started. The project is set to be funded through a combination of a central government grant and private finance and will include a new further education facility – a STEM centre.
In July 2013, an agreement was reached between the club and Peterborough City Council concerning rent and the redevelopment of the ground. This provided for the club to pay reduced rent during redevelopment of the ground, with work on the Moy's End expected to start in September 2013. An additional £1 million fund was also provided to retrofit the London Road End with seats. In December 2013 demolition work started on the Moy's End terraced end of the ground which was expected to take a year to complete.
Other uses
London Road was the venue for three professional boxing events between 1929 and 1948. In 1939, more than 18,000 people watched Eric 'Fen Tiger' Boon successfully defend his British lightweight boxing title at London Road against Johnny McGrory of Scotland. Since then, there have not been many other major events at the stadium, although it occasionally hosts small concerts. Westlife were scheduled to perform in the stadium on 21 June 2020 for their "Stadiums in the Summer Tour"; this was cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
Football venues in England
Peterborough United F.C.
Buildings and structures in Peterborough
Multi-purpose stadiums in the United Kingdom
Sports venues completed in 1913
English Football League venues
1913 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Road%20Stadium |
The Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), also known as the rufous-bellied pademelon or red-bellied pademelon, is the sole species of pademelon found in Tasmania, and was formerly found throughout southeastern Australia. This pademelon has developed heavier and bushier fur than its northern relatives, which inhabit northern Australia and Papua New Guinea.
The scientific name honours J.J.H. Labillardier, who collected the first specimen on an expedition to what was then Van Diemen's Land in 1792. There are no recognised subspecies.
Description
The Tasmanian pademelon has a compact body with short, rounded, ears, thick fur over the limbs, head, and body and a tail covered with short hairs. It has greyish fur over most of the body with yellowish to rufous underparts, and, unlike most other pademelons, has no distinct facial or hip markings. Males reach around in weight, in length including the tail, and are considerably larger than the females, which average .
Distribution and habitat
Pademelons are abundant and widespread across mainland Tasmania, and are also found on the nearby King and Furneaux Islands. They were extirpated from the Australian mainland during the 19th century. Rainforest, sclerophyll forest, and scrubland are preferred, although wet gullies in dry open eucalyptus forest are also used. Such places, next to open areas where feeding can occur, are especially favoured.
Diet and ecology
The Tasmanian pademelon is a herbivore feeding on a wide variety of plants, from herbs, green shoots and grass, to some nectar-bearing flowers.
Once a part of the diet of the thylacine, the Tasmanian pademelon is still preyed upon by other predators of the island, including Tasmanian devils, quolls, and eagles, as well as dogs and feral cats. Even so, they are abundant to the point of being culled occasionally (along with other wallabies) to reduce competition for grass with the farmed animals. Hunting of the Tasmanian pademelon is allowed, its pelt having some economic value and its meat being palatable.
Behaviour
Pademelons are solitary and nocturnal, spending the daylight hours in thick vegetation. After dusk, the animals move onto open areas to feed, but rarely stray more than 100 metres from the forest edge. Adults have been recorded to make growling sounds during aggressive interactions, and clucking noises at other times, such as when mothers are calling to their young or males are pursuing females. They have also been reported to engage in grass-pulling behaviour, possibly as a visual signal to other members of the species. This involves standing upright, pulling up clumps of grass and throwing them against their chest. Males engage in ritualised bouts of combat to determine dominance; these are similar to those of other macropodids, including the "boxing" behaviour seen in kangaroos. Both sexes groom themselves by scratching their head and shoulders with their hind feet for up to ten minutes at a time, and mothers also groom their young for a brief time after they first emerge from the pouch.
Reproduction
There is no specific breeding season, but most pademelon births seem to occur in the autumn. Males regularly sniff the females in their range, and pursue them if they are receptive, which they remain only for around 24 hours at a time. Copulation can be lengthy, consisting of several bouts, with the animals resting for up to 15 minutes between each session.
Gestation lasts 30 days. The young measure around in total length at birth, and rapidly move to the pouch, where they attach to one of the four teats. They grow relatively slowly compared with other marsupials of their size, opening their eyes between weeks 18 and 20, and first developing fur between weeks 20 and 22. They are fully furred by around 160 days, at which point they first begin to poke their head out of the pouch. The first full emergence from the pouch can occur from this time up until around 190 days of age, although they continue to suckle for another three months, after which the mother becomes aggressive towards them. The mother often gives birth to a second joey while still nursing an older one that has already left the pouch, and typically gives birth to 1.3 young per year.
Joeys are sexually mature at 17 months for males or 13 months for females. Lifespan in the wild is unknown, but has been estimated to be between 5 and 6 years.
References
External links
Park and Wildlife Service Tasmania: Tasmanian Pademelon
Macropods
Endemic fauna of Australia
Marsupials of Australia
Mammals of Tasmania
Mammals of Victoria (state)
Extinct mammals of South Australia
Least concern biota of Australia
Mammals described in 1822
Taxa named by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian%20pademelon |
Shiremoor is a village in Tyne and Wear, Northern England. It is in the Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside and formerly governed under Northumberland. In the 2011 census, it was included in the Tynemouth area of Tyneside. It is near the North East Green Belt, which surrounds Tyneside, Wearside and Durham. It is located around from Whitley Bay.
It was built for miners of local colliery pits. The village is made up of smaller areas which were built there in the 20th and 21st centuries. The oldest two areas of the village are Bertram Grange and Old Shiremoor. Park Estate, Leeches Estate, and Shiremoor centre were built later as the village expanded. It has a population of 4,782. In the early 2000s, Northumberland Park was built: this area, Backworth and West Allotment are in the same ward as the village.
History
The village was originally named Tynemouthshire Moor, in reference to its location on the common of the manor of Tynemouth, which was enclosed in 1790. Coal mining and quarrying had already begun in the area by this time, and the village developed through the late 18th and early 19th century to house miners from the local pits.
From the mid-19th century, Shiremoor was served by the Blyth & Tyne Railway with two stations, Prospect Hill, which opened in 1841, and Backworth, which opened in 1847. Both stations closed to passengers in 1864, and the line survives today as part of the Waggonways walking and cycling network. However, a second Backworth station was built on a new line, which opened in 1864 and operated until 1977, when it was closed as part of construction of the Tyne & Wear Metro. From 11 August 1980, Shiremoor had its own Metro station, newly built to the east of the site of that station.
As the coal industry in the area declined in the mid- and late-20th century, Shiremoor saw little growth. However, with the opening of Silverlink Retail Park in the 1990s and Cobalt Business Park, the UK's largest, in the early 2000s, Shiremoor was well placed to develop as a commuter town. In the early 2000s, work began on the Northumberland Park estate, one of the largest residential developments to have been undertaken by North Tyneside Council. In addition to new housing, the estate also included two new retail parks as well as a new Metro station on the site of the former Backworth station, which opened on 11 December 2005. The new development filled in the land between Shiremoor, Backworth and West Allotment, combining the three villages into a single town.
Shiremoor & District Children's Treat
Every year the local people hold a "treat" for the children of Shiremoor and surrounding villages. This tradition dates back to 1907 and has been held every year since. It was started by a group of men from the local pit and today is run by a committee of local people.
The "treat field" was originally located along Algernon Drive. However, due to new developments being built it was relocated in the early 21st century to Earsdon road, near the Grey Horse pub.
The Treat itself comprises many events that the local schools take part in. There is an art competition, a dance display, many sports competitions, including football, netball and hockey. There is always a tea tent run by the locals. Today a fun fair is held alongside the Treat.
Each year the children of the local schools receive a free "Treat Ticket". The ticket gets them an ice cream and a souvenir.
The local schools meet outside their school and "march" to the treat. This is usually led by a band and the school banner. Many local people join in the march as it is seen as very much a local tradition.
The Shiremoor Treat was cancelled in 2020 for the first time in its history due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Education
There is a Primary School located in Shiremoor, described by Ofsted as an outstanding school. It provides for children aged up to age 11, including nurseries for 2+. It is a large school with 350+ students and 52 places in the preschool nursery. In 2011 it was designated as a teaching school.
North Tyneside Council's Pupil Referral Unit is located in Shiremoor. It is called Moorbridge and was opened in 2010. It caters for KS3 and KS4 children with Behavioural, Emotional and Social difficulties with up to 60 places.
Most of Shiremoor falls into the catchment area of George Stephenson High School, in Killingworth. However, the southernmost estate, opposite Boundary Mills, is actually in the catchment area for John Spence Community High School, in North Shields.
To the east of Shiremoor, in the Whitley Bay area, the schools still run on the three-tier system and therefore Shiremoor also falls into different catchment areas for both Middle and High schools.
Health Care
There is a Resource Centre on Earsdon Road which comprises two General Practitioner Surgeries, a Pharmacy and a Library. The surgeries house 2 practices.
There is also a One to One Centre located in the old Doctors building on Brenkley Avenue offering Sexual Health services to the local community and the rest of North Tyneside.
There is one dental surgery in Shiremoor, located on Lesbury Avenue near the Metro station.
There is a St. John Ambulance First Aid Unit in Shiremoor and sheltered accommodation in Emmerson Court.
Religion
The Church of England parish church of Shiremoor is located on Brenkley Avenue.
There is a Salvation Army church located on Lesbury Avenue.
The Catholic parish church for the area is Our Lady Star of the Sea.
Economy
A few major retail outlets employ local residents, including Sainsbury's and Boundary Mill. There are also a number of smaller local shops including a chip shop, Chinese takeaway, Post Office, a Spar and numerous family-owned corner shops.
Other businesses include a regional car sales outlet and a national car hire company. Small businesses include a café, florists, pharmacies and hairdressers.
Cobalt Business Park, the largest office park in the UK, is located between Shiremoor and West Allotment. Within the business park there are numerous different businesses including the North Tyneside Council headquarters, an Orange Call Centre, Santander customer services, Jobcentre Plus, NHS, Hewlett-Packard, Fujitsu, Just Learning Nursery, Village Hotel and many more.
Notable residents
Patrick King was the first person to be awarded the George Medal, for rescuing a blind woman during an air raid in World War II.
Evening Chronicle chief sports writer Lee Ryder went to school at Shiremoor First School and Shiremoor Middle School.
Bryan Hewison was born and spent his formative years in Shiremoor. Bryan gained a scholarship to the Royal Ballet (just as depicted in the film Billy Elliot) where he achieved the position of soloist. He then had a long and successful career at La Scala, Milan, dancing as Soloist for the Theatre Ballet Company.
Jackie Robinson, professional footballer, was born and died in Shiremoor. He played for Sheffield Wednesday and Sunderland FC. He played for England from 1937 to 1939 until the outbreak of the Second World War. He scored twice against the German national team in 1938, in front of Adolf Hitler, when the England players were ordered to do the Nazi salute.
References
External links
Shiremoor Pharmacy Website
North Tyneside Council's Shiremoor page
St. Mark's Church Shiremoor Website
Home page for Shiremoor Treat
Villages in Tyne and Wear
Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiremoor |
Roots Hall is a football stadium located in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, England. The stadium is the home ground of the Vanarama National League team Southend United. With a capacity of 12,392, Roots Hall is the largest football stadium in Essex. During the early 21st century, there was lengthy discussion of a new 22,000 seat stadium at Fossetts Farm, but a change of ownership in 2023 seemingly ended prospects of that development.
History
Pre-Roots Hall (1900s–1940s)
The site now occupied by Roots Hall is where Southend United had originally played their home games on their formation in 1906. Upon the outbreak of the First World War the area was designated for storage and Southend were forced out. After the war the club elected to move to a new ground at the Kursaal and Roots Hall first became a quarry for sand then a tipping site.
Relocation to Roots Hall (1950s)
By the early 1950s Southend had moved to Southend Stadium off Sutton Road. The club did not own the ground and the dog track which encircled the pitch made it unsuitable for use as a football stadium. In 1952 the wasteland at the old Roots Hall site was purchased to build a new stadium for the club. Work on the ground could not begin immediately owing to the large quantities of rubbish which had been dumped on the site in the club's absence, which took nearly a year to clear. The stadium was built by Sid Broomfield and a small band of individuals at a cost of £73,997, supported by a small grant from the FA and funds raised by the Supporters Club. Following construction, the ground was donated to the club by the fans.
On 20 August 1955 Roots Hall hosted its first match, against Norwich City. The ground was declared open by the Secretary of the Football Association, Sir Stanley Rous. The ground remained the newest in the Football League until the opening of Scunthorpe United's Glanford Park in 1988.
Roots Hall's construction had not been completed when the ground was opened, with some stands only running for a short distance along the touchline and others waiting to be concreted over. In addition to these problems, the pitch's drainage was unsuitable and by the end of the 1955–56 season it had to be completely relaid.
Ground development (1960s)
With the pitch issue dealt with, Southend could concentrate on the matter at hand: completing the ground. The west bank roof, originally set back from the pitch, was extended forwards to the touchline creating a double-barrel effect, while work also commenced on finishing the terracing. The job was finally finished in 1964, after all 72 steps of the giant south bank had been concreted. The east stand was extended in both directions so it ran the full length of the touchline in 1966, and around the same time the club installed floodlighting. Finally the ground was finished, and had its finest day in 1979, when a ground record 31,033 fans packed the Hall to watch Liverpool in action in the FA Cup.
Recent work (1980s–present)
By the mid-1980s, however, the club were struggling financially. In an effort to keep the club afloat, most of the south bank was sold off in 1988, and eventually the remainder was replaced in 1994 by a small two tiered all-seater stand, designed by then club chairman Vic Jobson. All this came after the west and east stands saw work in 1992, when the west bank was turned into an all-seated stand and the paddocks in the east had seating attached. The final stage of development at the Hall came in 1995, when the west stand roof was extended at either end to meet the south and north stands, with seating being installed in the north-west corner of the ground.
Development since has been mainly concentrated on the ground's facilities, in recent years the club opened a new ticket office and club shop, replaced the old style turnstiles with modern electronic ones and extended executive accommodation at the rear of the east stand. A new digital scoreboard was also added to the north stand roof in November 2012.
Proposed relocation to Fossetts Farm
In the 1990s Southend United started planning to leave Roots Hall for a proposed new ground at Fossetts Farm. In January 2007, the club received planning permission from both Southend and Rochford councils for the stadium, retail outlets, a hotel and new training facilities but this was subject to rubber-stamping from the Secretary of State. The Department for Communities and Local Government gave broad approval to the plans in March 2008 and planning permission was granted later the same month for the HOK-designed new stadium. Roots Hall has been sold to Sainsbury's, which has received planning permission to build a new supermarket on the site. Building work on Fossetts Farm was due to start in 2014, however due to issues with the supermarket development, as Sainsbury's had yet to complete the purchase of the former Prospects College site, which was required for access to the new store, work failed to commence. In April 2017 new plans were submitted for the work which no longer involved Sainsbury's. However, it took a further four years before firm plans emerged. Plans were approved in October 2021; the 22,000-capacity stadium would incorporate a 107-bed hotel and high-rise residential blocks of 182 homes on two corners, but in September 2022, the hotel plans were dropped in favour of 42 additional homes, and a revised planning application also outlined plans to lower the stadium capacity to 16,226 seats. Scaled-back plans for the ground were eventually submitted to the council in late March 2023. However, following agreement on the club's sale to the Justin Rees consortium on 3 October 2023, reports suggested the club would remain at Roots Hall, with the 500 homes once planned for the site now transferred to Fossetts Farm.
Structure
Fairfield BMW East Stand
The east stand is the main stand at Roots Hall, running along one side of the pitch. Originally designed as a section of seating with paddocks of terracing below, it was converted to an all seater stand in the 1990s. The stand also contains executive boxes and, in the back, the club offices. The dugouts are cut into the stand, covered by the main roof. The stand was originally much smaller and evidence of its extension along the touchline can be seen in the density of moss on the roof. According to the club website this stand contains 2,878 seats, but recently a small block of seats on the far right side was removed to house training goals.
Hi-Tec South Stand
Originally a 72-step terrace, financial troubles in the mid-1990s saw the old terrace reduced dramatically before being replaced by a significantly smaller two-tier stand. The bottom tier forms part of the family enclosure, alongside part of the west stand. According to the club website this stand contains 2,029 seats.
Gilbert & Rose West
The west was also formerly a terrace, though it was converted into a stand by bolting seats (purchased second hand from Manchester City F.C.) onto the existing structure, reducing the total capacity to 3,337. Originally the terrace only ran the length of the touch-line but when the ground was improved in the 1990s the north-west corner was filled-in. This section is sometimes used for away supporters, depending on demand. The roof has a unique double-barrelled construction; originally the stand's cover was set back from the pitch, and when the club constructed cover for the front section of the old terrace they built another identical span. A small section of the west stand has been designated as the family stand, and Block W (at the north end of the stand) houses "The Blue Voice" singing section which provides game atmosphere. In August 2022, the club announced that the stand would be sponsored by estate agents Gilbert & Rose, becoming the Gilbert & Rose West stand, drawing attention online as it included the name of serial killer Rose West. The club announced later the same day that the stand would be renamed again. It is now known as the "Gilbert & Rose Stand".
Solopress.com North Stand
The north stand, also known as the north bank, is another converted terrace. The roof has a semi-circular 'barrel' shape, similar to the west stand's original roof, with a scoreboard in the centre. Part of the north stand is designated for up to 1,200 away supporters, but if necessary the whole stand can be allocated to bring the allocation up to around 2,000 which has been achieved at large matches such as those against Manchester United F.C. and Chelsea F.C. During 2010–2013, whenever there were small away crowds, Blues fans were allowed into the north stand.
References
Football venues in Essex
Southend United F.C.
Buildings and structures in Southend-on-Sea
Defunct rugby league venues in England
Sports venues completed in 1955
Football venues in England
English Football League venues
1955 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roots%20Hall |
Jocelin of Wells (died 19 November 1242) was a medieval Bishop of Bath (and Glastonbury). He was the brother of Hugh de Wells, who became Bishop of Lincoln. Jocelin became a canon of Wells Cathedral before 1200, and was elected bishop in 1206. During King John of England's dispute with Pope Innocent III, Jocelin at first remained with the king, but after the excommunication of John in late 1209, Jocelin went into exile. He returned to England in 1213, and was mentioned in Magna Carta in 1215.
Jocelin was one of the bishops that crowned John's son Henry III, and throughout the rest of Jocelin's life was involved in royal administration. He was also active in his diocese, ordering construction on the cathedral at Wells, and issuing rules for his diocesan clergy. During his time as bishop, he settled a dispute between his diocese and Glastonbury Abbey that had started during the bishopric of his predecessor. The memorial brass on his tomb in Wells Cathedral is probably one of the earliest in England.
Early life
Jocelin born in Wells in Somerset, and was the son of Edward of Wells, a small landowner in the city of Wells. His brother Hugh de Wells, was archdeacon of Wells and Bishop of Lincoln. Some historians say that another relative, although the exact relationship is unknown, was Simon of Wells, who became Bishop of Chichester in 1207, but other historians dispute this. The name Jocelin Trotman or Thotman, by which he was occasionally known by some modern historians, only dates from the Margam Annals, and is not contemporary with his life.
Jocelin was a royal justiciar in 1203, as well as the custodian of the vacant diocese of Lincoln. He was a royal clerk as well as a canon of Wells, becoming a canon and a deacon by 1200. The previous bishop of Wells died in 1205, and on 3 February 1206, Jocelin was elected bishop. He was consecrated on 28 May 1206, at Reading by Bishop William of Sainte-Mère-Eglise of London. It is unclear if the cathedral chapters of Bath and of Wells took the action on their own, or if King John was the driving force behind the election.
Advisor to King John
Jocelin was one of the main advisors of King John during the dispute with the pope over Stephen Langton's appointment to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. Jocelin did not immediately leave England after Pope Innocent III placed an interdict on England. Jocelin encouraged John to settle with Innocent in early 1209, worried that Innocent would expand the interdict into an excommunication, forcing John's advisors to choose between serving the king or obeying the pope. Nothing came of the negotiations, however. Jocelin did leave England when John was excommunicated in late 1209. Jocelin, along with Gilbert Glanvill, the Bishop of Rochester, was the subject of a mocking song on his conduct during the interdict.
Jocelin and Hugh were in exile together in Bordeaux in 1212, but they both returned to England in May 1213, along with the other English bishops. Jocelin was one of the bishops in August 1214 who refused to pay a scutage to the king. In 1215, Jocelin sided with Stephen Langton and the barons, and Magna Charta lists Jocelin as one of the king's councillors.
Henry III's reign
Jocelin and Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester, anointed and crowned King Henry III, the young son of John, after John's death. Later, Jocelin was present at the battle with Eustace the Monk in 1217, which helped to secure Henry's rule. Jocelin supported Hubert de Burgh's work of ejecting French forces from England and regaining control of royal castles seized by Falkes de Breauté and other barons. In 1218, Jocelin was one of the itinerant justiciars for southwestern England.
In 1218 and 1219, Jocelin also ended the dispute between his diocese and Glastonbury Abbey. Jocelin gave up any claim to control of the abbey, and the abbey gave the bishopric a number of estates. Previously, the bishops, as part of their attempt to annexe Glastonbury to their bishopric, had been known as the Bishop of Bath and Glastonbury. They also had held the office of abbot. In 1218, as part of the settlement, a new abbot was elected at Glastonbury. The papacy had never acknowledged Jocelin's claiming of the title of abbot. The historian J. A. Robinson felt that as part of the settlement, Jocelin began to use the title Bishop of Bath and Wells, but another historian, David Knowles, disagreed.
After 1223, Jocelin was a baron of the exchequer. In 1225 he served the king as head of one of the receivers of the tax of a fifteenth. After the dismissal of Walter Mauclerk as treasurer, at first Jocelin, along with Richard Poore, the Bishop of Durham, took over many of the treasurer's functions, but this did not last long, and after 1233, Jocelin no longer was involved with financial affairs. He occasionally witnessed charters, however. After the fall of Peter des Roches in April 1234, Jocelin was given control of the Wardrobe. After this, he appears less regularly in royal government, but he did witness the reconfirmation of Magna Carta in 1237.
Diocesan affairs
With his brother Hugh, Jocelin founded St. John's Hospital at Wells. Jocelin promulgated a set of constitutions for the diocese, ordered that his diocesan clergy reside in their benefices, and gave land and income to the cathedral school. Glastonbury Abbey complained of Jocelin that he plundered lands of the abbey. Jocelin was also involved in mediating between William de Blois, the Bishop of Worcester, and Tewkesbury Abbey over William's rights over the abbey. Jocelin finally settled the dispute in 1232.
Jocelin funded the building of Wells Cathedral, begun at the east end in the Early English Gothic style under Reginald Fitz Jocelin. The nave was completed, the west front begun. The new cathedral was consecrated on 23 October 1239 by Jocelin. Other construction work undertaken by Jocelin included the cloisters and bishop's palace at Wells, and a manor house at Wookey.
Death
Jocelin died on 19 November 1242 at Wells and was buried in the choir of Wells Cathedral. He may have been the father of Nicholas of Wells. The memorial brass on his tomb is allegedly one of the earliest brasses in England. He employed the medieval architect Elias of Dereham as a household official.
Notes
Citations
References
Year of birth missing
1242 deaths
People from Wells, Somerset
Bishops of Bath
Bishops of Bath and Glastonbury
13th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
High Sheriffs of Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocelin%20of%20Wells |
Marc A. Coppola (born June 16, 1968) is a resident of the Town of Tonawanda, New York and a former member of the New York State Senate, where he represented the New York State Senate's 60th district, which included parts of the Cities of Buffalo and Tonawanda, the City of Niagara Falls and the Town of Grand Island.
Coppola graduated from Lafayette High School in Buffalo, New York. He holds a New York state real estate license and is a first class stationary engineer.
He began his political career by serving six years as the Delaware District Councilmember for the City of Buffalo. From 2004 to 2006 he was the Majority Leader of the Common Council. He succeeded his cousin, Al Coppola, in the Council seat.
In a February 2006 special election for the State Senate's 60th District, the Democratic Committees in Erie and Niagara Counties selected Coppola as their nominee over Buffalo Councilman Antoine Thompson. Coppola resigned the Council seat after being elected to the 60th District Senate seat.
While in the State Senate, Coppola served as the Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Cities Committee. This committee oversees legislation and policies relating to urban development and New York State's 62 cities. He also served on the Aging Committee, Commerce, Economic Development and Small Business Committee, Higher Education Committee, Labor Committee, and Tourism, Recreation and Sports Development Committee.
Thompson subsequently challenged and defeated Coppola in the September 2006 primary for a full two-year term in the Senate. At the urging of Mayor Byron Brown and Thompson, former State Sen. Al Coppola also challenged for the seat in the 2006 primary. Thompson defeated Marc Coppola again in the 2006 general election where Coppola ran as an Independent.
Coppola also ran in the 2010 general election as a Democrat, against Republican candidate Mike Ranzenhofer, for the New York 61st Senate District, obtaining about 37% of the votes.
Election results
February 2006 special election, NYS Senate, 60th SD
{| class="Wikitable"
| Marc A. Coppola (DEM - IND) || ... || 8,251
|-
| Christopher L. Jacobs (REP - CON) || ... || 6,321
|}
November 2006 general election, NYS Senate, 60th SD
{| class="Wikitable"
| Antoine M. Thompson (DEM - WOR) || ... || 37,623
|-
| Marc A. Coppola (IND) || ... || 14,528
|}
November 2010 general election, NYS Senate, 61st SD
{| class="Wikitable"
| Michael H. Ranzenhofer (REP - IND - CON) || ... || 63,467
|-
| Marc A. Coppola (DEM) || ... || 37,464
|}
References
Living people
American people of Italian descent
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
1968 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20A.%20Coppola |
Gresty Road or the Alexandra Stadium, currently known as the Mornflake Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Crewe, Cheshire, England. The home ground of Crewe Alexandra, it has an all-seated capacity of 10,153.
History
Crewe had initially played at the Alexandra Recreation Ground, also on Gresty Road and located just to the north of current site. After leaving the ground towards the end of the 1895–96 season the club played at a variety of venues, including in nearby Sandbach, before moving to the original Gresty Road ground in 1897.
In 1906 that ground was demolished to make way for the construction of new railway lines, and a new Gresty Road ground was built on an adjacent site to the west. The new ground initially had a stand on each touchline, one of which had been moved from the first Gresty Road ground, and some embankments around the remainder of the pitch. The pitch runs approximately east to west, with teams playing either towards Gresty Road (west) or towards the railway station (east).
The main stand has always been situated on the south side of the ground. Until the 1990s, the main stand was a wooden structure (built in 1932 after a fire destroyed the original stand) offering the ground's only (wooden) seating plus a standing area ('The Paddock'), while the other three sides were all standing terraces. This configuration saw the club's record attendance when 20,000 people watched the FA Cup third round tie against Spurs on 30 January 1960.
During the 1990s, phased modernisation saw open terracing at the 'Railway End' (at one time a roughly formed 'ash bank' terraced with sleepers) replaced by a new family stand (1993); the 'Gresty Road End' (the main away supporters area) was also replaced by an all-seater stand (1995); and the partially-covered northern stand (the home supporters' 'Pop Side') was replaced by an all-seater stand (1996–97). Completion of the final phase in 2000, including construction of a new £5.2 million main stand, saw some reorganisation of seating allocations; away fans are currently accommodated in the stand along the northern touchline (with the option of additional capacity in the family stand for particularly large visiting contingents). The Gresty Road End and main stand are solely for home supporters. Crewe hosted its first 10,000+ crowd in the all-seater stadium in 2000 with the record attendance of 10,092 when Crewe played Manchester City on 12 March 2002.
In June 2021, the club agreed a £0.5m naming rights deal with long-term shirt sponsor Mornflake; the ground will be called the Mornflake Stadium until 2023-24.
Attendances
The stadium's location next to Crewe railway station is convenient for supporters travelling by rail to and from games at Gresty Road. From the 1920s through to the 1960s, attendances typically averaged around 6,000, but local derbies could more than double crowds: the visit of Stoke City on 26 October 1926 attracted 15,102, for example, while Port Vale drew 17,883 on 21 September 1953, Crewe's record league crowd. Cup matches against major clubs such as Spurs also drew large crowds (a record 20,000 in 1960). However, league attendances dwindled in the 1970s and 1980s, when seasonal averages of under 2,000 were recorded four times, with the 1986-87 being lowest, at 1,817; just 1,009 watched a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United on 4 February 1986. Crewe's resurgence from the mid-1980s boosted local interest, with 5,000-plus attendances increasingly common, even as Gresty Road's transition to an all-seater stadium began to restrict numbers in the late 1990s; average attendance peaked at 7,741 in 2004 during Crewe's years in the Championship. League Two crowds before the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown in 2020 averaged 4,580, just above their all-time average, 4,576.
International
On 31 May 2015, the ground hosted an international friendly match between Northern Ireland and Qatar.
Stands
The current stadium, also known as the Alexandra Stadium, has an all-seated capacity of 10,153. It features four stands:
The Boughey Stand seats 6,809 spectators and also has a directors area and media seating, and houses the club's offices, team changing rooms, hospitality facilities, ticket office and club shop.
The Rhino Safety Stand, also known as the Gresty Road End, accommodates 982 spectators and 4 disabled spectators. A bar for home supporters is situated to the north of this stand.
The Blue Bell Family Stand, also known as the Railway End, accommodates 682 spectators.
The Whitby Morrison Ice Cream Van Stand, formerly the Pop Side, accommodates 1,680 away spectators, and also houses the ground's matchday video filming facilities.
Should the ground require expansion, the most likely change will be redevelopment of the Ice Cream Van Stand to become a two-tiered stand.
In February 2023, the club announced plans to install 3,000 solar panels above spaces in the car park south of the main (Boughey) stand, with energy to be used to power the stadium or to bring in cash.
References
External links
The Alexandra Stadium Crewe Alexandra FC
Sports venues in Cheshire
Football venues in England
Buildings and structures in Crewe
English Football League venues
Sports venues completed in 1906
Crewe Alexandra F.C.
1906 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresty%20Road |
The Mall at Wellington Green is a two level super-regional shopping mall in Wellington, Florida. The mall features retailers Macy's, Dillard's, JCPenney, Ashley and City Furniture, in addition to CMX Theaters.
History
Upon opening on October 8, 2001, the mall's anchors were Burdines, Dillard's (which opened its first South Florida store at The Galleria at Fort Lauderdale in 1993 and Pembroke Lakes in 1995), JCPenney, and Lord & Taylor, whose store relocated from Palm Beach Mall.
Wellington Green, alongside Pembroke Lakes Mall, are among the few malls in South Florida that opened without a Jordan Marsh store because their Florida division went defunct before the openings of both malls. Burdines was dual branded as Burdines-Macy's in 2003, and simply Macy's in 2005. Lord & Taylor closed in 2004, and in 2007, that building was split into three tenants: City Furniture on the lower level, and Ashley Furniture and La-Z-Boy on the upper level. La-Z-Boy™ closed in 2014 to make room for Paragon Theaters, which opened on February 10, 2017, and was purchased by CMX Cinemas on September 19 of the same year. Nordstrom opened in the Fall of 2003, two years after the mall's grand opening. In January 2019, it was announced that Nordstrom had decided against extending its lease again after previously determining the high capacity of additional outposts nearby.
Surrounding area
Several properties surrounding the mall include the Shoppes of Wellington Green, a lifestyle center, and Wellington Green Commons, and a Whole Foods Market-anchored power center encircle the shopping mall.
Incidents
On July 8, 2023, popping sounds heard inside the mall triggered panic, evacuation and a law enforcement response as shoppers feared a mass shooting was taking place. An investigation later determined the sounds were fireworks set off in a bathroom by a 15 year-old juvenile, who was arrested.
Current tenants
Dillard's (original tenant) (since 2001)
JCPenney (original tenant) (since 2001)
Macy's (since 2005)
Ashley Furniture (since 2007)
City Furniture (since 2007)
CMX Cinemas (since 2017)
Former tenants
Lord & Taylor (original tenant) (2001-2004) (Replaced by La-Z-Boy, City Furniture, and Ashley Furniture Home Store)
Burdines (original tenant) (2001-2003) (Replaced by Burdines-Macy's)
La-Z-Boy (2007-2014) (Replaced by Paragon Theaters)
Burdines-Macy's (2003-2005) (Replaced by Macy's)
Paragon Theaters (2017) (Replaced by CMX Cinemas)
Nordstrom (2003-2019)
References
External links
The Mall at Wellington Green official website
Shopping malls in Palm Beach County, Florida
Shopping malls established in 2001
Wellington, Florida
2001 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mall%20at%20Wellington%20Green |
Field Mill, currently known as One Call Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football ground in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England, and the home of Mansfield Town Football Club.
It is the oldest ground in the Football League, hosting football since 1861, although some reports date it back as far as 1850. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000 when fully open, but due to safety restrictions, it currently holds 9,186 The stadium once hosted a pop concert under the previous owner, Keith Haslam, but the sale included a clause preventing use for non-sports events until 2032. The ground is now fully owned by John and Carolyn Radford after a series of payment installments from 2012 were concluded in early 2019.
History
Before Mansfield Town
'Field Mill' was originally the name of a large, stone-built, water-powered textile-mill with its own mill pond. The mill was located directly across the road from the present ground, being one of several situated along the River Maun water course supplied from a nearby reservoir. The mill was demolished in 1925.
The club site on Quarry Lane was originally used as a recreational area for employees of the Greenhalgh & Sons Works, who rented the surrounding areas from the Duke of Portland for their cotton-doubling business. One of the Greenhalgh sons was Harwood Greenhalgh, a Mansfield-born footballer who played for Notts County, and represented England in the first ever international football match.
The Greenhalgh's team played at Field Mill under various incarnations, including 'Greenhalgh F.C.', 'Field Mill Football Club' and 'Mansfield Greenhalgh'. A team representing Greenhalgh & Sons also played cricket at the ground for many years, while the late nineteenth century saw athletics and cycle-racing on Quarry Lane. An 1894 merger with Mansfield Town (no relation to the current club) to form Mansfield F.C. saw Field Mill become almost exclusively a football ground.
The ground was used by Mansfield Mechanics FC from 1912 to 1916.
The home of Mansfield Town
Mansfield Town first started playing matches there in the 1919–20 season, however for the first two years it was also used as a cricket ground by the Mansfield branch of the National Federation of Discharged and Disabled ex-Servicemen's Societies (DDSS). In 1921, the DDSS's lease on the ground ran out, and the ground was sold by its owner, the Duke of Portland, on the condition that it would only ever be used for sporting purposes.
The first grandstand was erected in 1922 along the length of the west side of the ground, with the other three sides mounds formed from ash from nearby coal mines, all completed by 1926. In 1929, using the money from the cup run of the previous year, a covered stand was built on the Bishop Street side, occupying a similar position to the Bishop Street Stand of today. The first terracing was built during the 1930s from railway sleepers, and lasted 20 years.
Floodlights were installed and officially switched on by Billy Wright on 5 October 1961 before the Football League Cup game against Cardiff City.
Shortly after World War Two, concrete terracing and a PA system were introduced. The club bought land to the West side of the ground in the mid-1950s, just before the supporters' club funded the building of the new North Stand, at a cost of £30,000.
In the 1960s a new grandstand was erected on the west side of the ground after being purchased from Hurst Park Racecourse in Surrey. The stand itself cost £30,000, although the final amount spent was considerably more than this once the cost of transportation and reconstruction is taken into account. The stand was first used in 1966, but it was not fully completed until 1971.
Between 1984 and 1986, Field Mill was home to a rugby league team called Mansfield Marksman.
After plans to relocate to a new all-seater stadium were scrapped, work began in July 1999 to completely modernise Field Mill. The North Stand, Quarry Lane End and West Stand were completely demolished and new stands built in their place, including a two tier stand on the west side of the ground. The redeveloped all-seater stadium was officially opened by John Prescott on 28 July 2001, six months after work had been completed.
In July 2005, safety officials temporarily restricted Field Mill's capacity to 5,000 when fire safety certificates could not be located. The ground's capacity was again reduced in May 2007, from 9,368 to 4,684, when Nottinghamshire County Council, who enforced the reduction, cited a poor standard of stewarding and a lack of a pro-active approach to safety. In July 2007 the capacity was raised to 6,553 following an inspection from safety officials, but was reduced back to 4,684 in September after visiting Chesterfield supporters were given too many tickets by mistake. Field Mill's capacity was then increased to 5,457, and in January 2008 further increased to 7,300 for the FA Cup tie against Middlesbrough after a problem with the turnstiles and other issues were resolved.
In early 2010, the Mansfield Town announced plans to allow the ground to be used to hold concerts and other events to raise non-matchday income. On 22 August 2010, Westlife brought their Where We Are Now Tour to the ground. The event was hailed a success despite not selling out and poor weather conditions affecting uncovered fans. No further concerts were announced.
In December 2010, Mansfield Town were evicted from the ground by their landlord Keith Haslam following a dispute over unpaid rent. The club looked for alternative grounds at which to play their home games in the Conference National, including Alfreton Town's Impact Arena and Ilkeston Town's New Manor Ground. However, their first home game after the eviction was postponed in any event due to the freezing weather.
The current owner John Radford confirmed, when announcing the stadium-purchase in 2012, that a clause in the sale precluded any use except for sports events.
Stands
The Ian Greaves Stand – formerly known as the West Stand, is the largest with upper and lower tiers, and executive seating. The stand has a capacity of 5,417 (2,764 in the upper tier, and 2,509 in the lower tier). The dugouts were moved to the front of this stand in late 2016, following a request from then-new manager Steve Evans, although this impeded the view of the lower-tier seats (Block D & E).
Quarry Lane End – behind the South goal, housing the home fans, with a capacity of 1,968. The players' tunnel is in the corner of this stand adjacent to the old West Stand.
North Stand – behind the opposite goal from the Quarry Lane End, this was traditionally the home terrace although safety issues meant this would swap with the Quarry Lane End and become the away stand. Capacity of 1,910.
Bishop Street Stand – this stand, which runs along the side of the pitch opposite the old West Stand, was condemned prior to 2006 and is boarded up to prevent access. Mansfield District Council gave planning consent for redevelopment in 2002. There are plans to build a new 2,800 capacity stand including new dressing rooms and television facilities, but no developments have occurred.
Training areas
The stadium has two adjacent training pitches, but the players also used a fenced-off area of a nearby Mansfield District Council park, arranged by the then-Mayor, Tony Egginton, to the annoyance of local park users.
The football club has established a dedicated training facility approximately two miles away, named Radford & Hymas Academy, after two of the directors. The pitch is all-weather 3G astroturf, with spectator areas and a changing pavilion.
Other uses
Hotel projects
In early 2018, owner John Radford announced a business proposal to establish a six-floor hotel at the club's stadium, in part replacing the existing Quarry Lane end infrastructure, in conjunction with an international brand. No formal planning application had been submitted to Mansfield District Council at the time of discussions at the club's ground, but a later application was authorised by the council in July 2018.
Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing at Field Mill lasted three years from 1928 until 1931. During March 1928 plans to add a greyhound track around the football pitch were drawn up and by mid May the track was complete. The track was very basic but did run under the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) rules of racing starting on 26 May 1928.
In 1929 the NGRC banned the track after the management fall foul of the regulations that included the refusal to comply with the NGRC stewards. The greyhound racing continued as an independent (unaffiliated to a governing body) until 17 October 1931.
Rugby league
A new professional rugby league club, Mansfield Marksman, was set up in Mansfield in 1984, playing at Field Mill for their first two seasons. Declining attendances meant the arrangement wasn't financially viable, and the club relocated to North Street in Alfreton in 1986.
References
External links
Football Ground Guide page
Mansfield Town F.C.
Football venues in England
Sports venues in Nottinghamshire
Defunct rugby league venues in England
Buildings and structures in Mansfield
Sports venues completed in 1861
1861 establishments in England
English Football League venues
Defunct greyhound racing venues in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20Mill |
"Teenage Wildlife" is a song written by David Bowie in 1980 for the album Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps). Running at almost seven minutes, the song was the longest track on Scary Monsters, and Bowie's longest composition since "Station to Station" (1976), although it was surpassed in length by later tracks such as 2003's "Bring Me the Disco King" and 2016's "Blackstar".
The song is structurally similar to "Heroes" but does not feature a refrain; its verses only end with the title being sung over Fripp's guitar breaks. Its backing vocals are reminiscent of the Ronettes, while piano is provided by Roy Bittan. The song's lyrics have been widely interpreted. One interpretation is they are an attack on Bowie imitators who emerged in the late 1970s, such as Gary Numan, who personally believed himself a target. Carr and Murray state that the song is Bowie reflecting on his younger self, while Pegg considers it a confrontation to critics who tried to prevent Bowie from evolving throughout the 1970s. Bowie himself wrote in 2008 that the lyrics are about "taking a short view of life, not looking too far ahead and not predicting the oncoming hard knocks".
Music and lyrics
The song's original title was "It Happens Everyday". Producer Tony Visconti said "Instead of singing 'Not another teenage wildlife' [Bowie] would sing 'It happens everyda-a-ay.'"
Against a musical backdrop that owed much to his classic song "Heroes", including textural guitar work from both Robert Fripp and Chuck Hammer, and adds wandering phrases following his lyrical paragraphs, Bowie appeared to take aim squarely at his post-punk artistic godchildren, particularly Gary Numan:
A broken-nosed mogul are you
One of the new wave boys
Same old thing in brand new drag
Comes sweeping into view
As ugly as a teenage millionaire
Pretending it’s a whiz-kid world
In a 1980 interview, Bowie commented on Numan and his "whiz-kid world", saying "What Numan did he did excellently but in repetition, in the same information coming over again and again, once you've heard one piece.... It's that false idea of hi-tech society and all that which is... doesn't exist. I don't think we're anywhere near that sort of society. It's an enormous myth that's been perpetuated unfortunately, I guess, by readings of what I've done in that rock area at least, and in the consumer area television has an awful lot to answer for with its fabrication of the computer-world myth." Singer Boy George has said that his all-time favourite lyric was "As ugly as a teenage millionaire".
Other releases
The song appeared on the compilation album The Collection (2005).
Live versions
The song was performed regularly during Bowie's 1995-96 Outside Tour, and two separate live recordings were released on the live albums Ouvre le Chien (Live Dallas 95) (2020) and No Trendy Réchauffé (Live Birmingham 95) (2020).
Personnel
David Bowie: Lead vocals
Tony Visconti: Backing vocals
Robert Fripp: Guitar
Carlos Alomar: Guitar
Chuck Hammer: Guitar synthesizer
Roy Bittan: Piano
George Murray: Bass guitar
Dennis Davis: Drums
References
Sources
Songs about teenagers
David Bowie songs
1980 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Song recordings produced by David Bowie
Diss tracks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Wildlife |
The Seaplane Training Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force unit responsible for providing seaplane conversion training to RAAF air and ground crew.
The Seaplane Training Flight was established on 1 March 1940 at RAAF Base Rathmines in New South Wales. Initially equipped with two Supermarine Seagull aircraft the Flight received Consolidated Catalina aircraft in the second half of 1940 and a small number of Vought Kingfisher aircraft in early 1942.
As part of the expansion of the RAAF's seaplane units the Seaplane Training Flight was expanded to form No. 3 Operational Training Unit on 28 December 1942.
References
RAAF Historical Section (1995), Units of the Royal Australian Air Force. A Concise History. Volume 4 Maritime and Transport Units. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
RAAF training units
RAAF independent flights
Military units and formations established in 1940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaplane%20Training%20Flight%20RAAF |
Bentorite is a mineral with the chemical formula . It is colored violet to light violet. Its crystals are hexagonal to dihexagonal dipyramidal. It is transparent and has vitreous luster. It has perfect cleavage. It is not radioactive. Bentorite is rated 2 on the Mohs Scale.
The mineral was first described in 1980 by Shulamit Gross for an occurrence in the Hatrurim Formation of Danian age along the western margin of the Dead Sea, Israel. It was named by its discoverer, Shulamit Gross, for Yaakov Ben-Tor (1910–2002), Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the University of California, San Diego, California, US, for his contributions to geology and mineralogy in Israel.
Formation
The only naturally occurring bentorite that has been discovered is in the Hatrurim Formation near the Dead Sea in Israel. The formation consists of a mixture of metamorphosed clays, limestones, and marls. The original sediments were enriched in chromium, and later experienced heating to >1000 °C at atmospheric pressure. This formed a natural Portland cement which has since been hydrated from groundwater and/or rainwater to form a natural concrete. The source of the heat is thought to be due to combustion of coal, oil, or gas. Following this combustion metamorphosis, highly alkaline fluids penetrated and altered the rock to form supergene veins of bentorite.
Applications
When suitably prepared, concrete contains crystals of ettringite that can exchange aluminium for chromium, converting the ettringite to bentorite. This allows concretes to sequester chromium present as an environmental pollutant.
See also
Brownmillerite
Gehlenite
Larnite
Spurrite
Ye'elimite
References
Calcium minerals
Chromium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Sulfate minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentorite |
MLS Cup 2006 was the 11th edition of the MLS Cup, the championship match of Major League Soccer (MLS), and took place on November 12, 2006. It was contested between the New England Revolution and the Houston Dynamo to decide the champion of the 2006 season. The match was played at Pizza Hut Park in Frisco, Texas, which had hosted the previous cup.
Both teams qualified for the playoffs by placing second in their respective conference during the regular season. New England were appearing in their second consecutive final, while Houston had been formed from the relocated San Jose Earthquakes. The match was tied 1–1 on goals scored 71 seconds apart by Taylor Twellman and Brian Ching in extra time. Houston won 4–3 in the first penalty shootout in MLS Cup history, with Ching scoring the winning penalty kick and Pat Onstad saving the follow-up in the fifth round. Houston and New England would stage a rematch in the following cup, which the Dynamo won in Washington, D.C.
Venue
The match was hosted at Pizza Hut Park in Frisco, Texas, the venue of the previous final between the New England Revolution and Los Angeles Galaxy. The $80 million stadium was opened on August 6, 2005, and serves primarily as the home of FC Dallas. On January 31, 2006, MLS announced that Pizza Hut Park would repeat as the venue for a second consecutive MLS Cup, following a successful bid from FC Dallas; the other bidding finalist was the Home Depot Center in Carson, California, home to the Los Angeles Galaxy. The Home Depot Center was also the only other venue to previously host consecutive MLS Cups, having done so in 2003 and 2004. Pizza Hut Park was considered as a model for Houston's proposed stadium, along with other soccer-specific stadiums built by the league in the 2000s. During the run-up to the match, the MLS Cup trophy toured the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex to promote the league and FC Dallas.
Road to the final
The MLS Cup is the post-season championship of Major League Soccer (MLS), a professional club soccer league based in the United States. The 2006 season was the eleventh in the league's history and was contested by twelve teams in two conferences, divided into the east and west. Each team played a total of 32 matches in the regular season from April to October, facing teams within their conference four times, and teams outside of their conference two times. The playoffs ran from mid-October to November and was contested by the top four teams in each conference. It was organized into three rounds: a home-and-away series with a winner determined by aggregate score in the Conference Semifinals, a single-match Conference Final, and the MLS Cup final.
MLS Cup 2006 was contested by the New England Revolution and the Houston Dynamo, who had both finished second in their respective conferences during the regular season. The two teams finished within two points of each other in regular season standings and had identical home win–loss–draw records. The 2006 final also marked the first time that neither MLS Cup finalist had won their conference or division, as well as the first time that both finalists had qualified despite losing their first playoffs match. New England and Houston played each other twice during the regular season, trading 1–1 draws in May and July.
New England Revolution
The New England Revolution finished as MLS Cup runners-up in 2002 and 2005, losing both championships to the Los Angeles Galaxy in overtime. The Revolution had also qualified for four straight Eastern Conference Finals, losing in 2003 to the Chicago Fire and in 2004 to D.C. United in a penalty shootout in between their MLS Cup appearances. The team finished second overall in league standings at the end of the 2005 regular season, setting new team records for wins and points after going on an eleven-match unbeaten streak. The Revolution were in their sixth season under manager Steve Nicol, who primarily used a 3–5–2 formation, and kept their starting lineup from the previous season. The team added forwards Kyle Brown and Willie Sims in the offseason to provide additional depth.
The Revolution opened their season with only three wins in their first thirteen matches, including a run of five draws in six matches during a winless streak from May to June. The team's struggles were blamed, in part, on injuries and Clint Dempsey's call-up to play in the World Cup that required manager Steve Nicol to use different starting lineups to rotate players. The return of Dempsey and other injured players helped the team to earn three more wins by early July, which helped New England rise from fourth to second in the Eastern Conference standings behind D.C. United.
Despite a six-match winless run in July and August, blamed on long road trips in the schedule, the Revolution remained in second place but fell further behind D.C. in the conference standings. New England finished the season with several home matches on a seven-match unbeaten streak, including five wins, which mirrored the end of the previous season. The team finished the regular season with 48 points, their second-highest record, and clinched the second seed in the Eastern Conference. Dempsey was named to the MLS Best XI, while Matt Reis and Steve Ralston finished as finalists for other league awards.
New England was matched against the third-place Chicago Fire in the Eastern Conference Finals, losing 1–0 in the first leg away from home and conceding an early goal in the second leg to create a 0–2 defect on aggregate. The Revolution rallied in the second leg with goals by Taylor Twellman and Pat Noonan to tie 2–2 on aggregate and force a penalty shootout against the Fire, despite missing midfielders Dempsey and Shalrie Joseph. New England won the shootout 4–2 in four rounds, with two saves by goalkeeper Matt Reis (who also scored) to clinch a fifth consecutive appearance in the Eastern Conference Final. The Revolution mirrored their performance in the 2005 Eastern Conference Final against league winners D.C. United by winning 1–0 on a volleyed goal scored in the fourth minute by Twellman. The win clinched an MLS Cup appearance for New England for the third time in five years.
Houston Dynamo
The Houston Dynamo were formed after owners Anschutz Entertainment Group announced that the San Jose Earthquakes would relocate to Houston for the 2006 season, citing a failure to secure a stadium and local ownership group in the Bay Area. The Earthquakes had won the MLS Cup in 2001 and 2003 and finished the 2005 season as Supporters' Shield winners before being eliminated by the Los Angeles Galaxy in the first round of the playoffs. The team's players, head coach Dominic Kinnear, and technical staff were transferred to Houston, while the Earthquakes name was retained by the league for an expansion team that was announced in 2007.
The team was renamed from Houston 1836 to the Dynamo prior to starting the season after objections from the area's Hispanic communities over its reference to the year 1836, which marked both the city's founding and Texas's independence from Mexico. The Dynamo lost only three of their first eighteen matches, including a ten-match unbeaten streak that lasted from May to late July, and only trailed in-state rivals FC Dallas in the Western Conference standings. Prior to the unbeaten run, Houston were without starting forward Brian Ching, who was called up to the U.S. national team at the World Cup and missed six league matches. He later missed five more matches due to knee surgery in August, leaving the team without their top goalscorer as it lost against several Western Conference rivals.
To mitigate the loss of Ching, the Dynamo signed Scottish striker Paul Dalglish and relied more heavily on attacking midfielder Dwayne De Rosario, who recorded ten goals and five assists by late September. After a four-match winless streak in September, which still left the Dynamo in second place, Houston went unbeaten in their remaining six league matches (with two wins) to secure a playoff berth, with 46 points. The team also made it to the semifinals of the U.S. Open Cup, where they were eliminated by the Los Angeles Galaxy. De Rosario and defensive midfielder Ricardo Clark were named to the MLS Best XI for their regular season performances.
Houston played against third-seeded Chivas USA, themselves a first-time playoff team, in the Western Conference Semifinals and lost 2–1 in the first leg at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California. After conceding twice before halftime, Brian Ching scored for the Dynamo and Dwayne De Rosario took a penalty kick in the 86th minute that was saved by Chivas goalkeeper Brad Guzan, denying an equalizing goal. In the second leg at home, Houston took advantage of a red card shown to Chivas striker Francisco Palencia and pushed for a series-equalizing goal, which came in the 64th minute on a penalty kick scored by Brad Davis. Ching then scored a header in the third minute of stoppage time to give the Dynamo a 2–0 win, clinching the series with an aggregate score of 3–2 without going to extra time.
In the Western Conference Final, the Houston Dynamo hosted the Colorado Rapids, who had defeated conference-leading Dallas as the fourth seed and were appearing in their second consecutive conference final. Colorado took an early lead on a fourth-minute penalty kick scored by Jovan Kirovski that was awarded after a handball by defender Adrian Serioux in the box. The Dynamo responded with two goals in quick succession by Paul Dalglish: a shot in the 10th minute and a 21st-minute header on a cross by Brian Mullan. Mullan added a third goal for Houston in the 71st minute to clinch a 3–1 victory and an MLS Cup appearance for the team in their inaugural season.
Summary of results
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
Broadcasting
The MLS Cup final was televised in the United States on ABC in English and Spanish using secondary audio programming, earning a Nielsen rating of 0.8 and an estimated audience of 1.24 million. English play-by-play commentary was provided by Boston-based sportscaster Dave O'Brien and color analysis by Eric Wynalda and former U.S. men's national team coach Bruce Arena. Brandi Chastain provided sideline reporting, while Rob Stone anchored the pre-game and halftime shows. The match was also carried in 96 countries by ESPN International and its associated networks. The MLS Cup pregame show featured Dallas-based choral rock group The Polyphonic Spree, and the halftime show was headlined by Los Angeles alternate rock group Under the Influence of Giants.
Match
Analysis
In 14 previous meetings from 2001 to 2006 between the New England Revolution and the Houston Dynamo and their predecessor, the San Jose Earthquakes, the Revolution had lost nine matches and drew five. Injuries to several of New England's starting players, including Clint Dempsey, Steve Ralston, and Daniel Hernandez led to uncertainty surrounding the team's starting lineup. The 2006 cup was also considered the last chance for the core players of the Revolution team, as several looked to move to European leagues or retire.
Summary
Several thousand Dynamo fans traveled over from Houston to Pizza Hut Park for the match in a caravan of buses and hundreds of cars on Interstate 45 that was organized by "Mattress Mack" Jim McIngvale. The fans settled into various sections of the stadium among a sellout crowd of 22,427. A special silver ball was produced by Adidas for the match, based on a variant of the 2006 FIFA World Cup ball.
Houston began the match with a 4–4–2 formation but switched to match New England's 3–5–2 after losing their share of ball possession late in the first half. Despite this, the Dynamo had a chance to score in the 20th minute by Brad Davis that hit the goalpost. It was followed up by a header by Taylor Twellman that was saved by goalkeeper Pat Onstad five minutes later. The Revolution took control of the game and prompted the Dynamo to make their formation switch while relying more on counterattacks. Before halftime, Houston had another chance in the form of a strike from Dwayne De Rosario that was saved by Matt Reis.
New England bolstered their attack early in the second half by substituting attacking midfielder Khano Smith and forward Clint Dempsey, recovering from an ankle injury. Both teams traded shots after 20 minutes of play, with the Revolution requiring a save from Matt Reis on a rebounded attempt by Brad Davis and Dempsey failing to finish a cross from Pat Noonan. Near the end of regulation time in the 86th minute, Jay Heaps headed a ball into the six-yard box towards Taylor Twellman that was cleared away in front of the goal by Brian Ching.
After remaining scoreless through regulation time, the match went into extra time and remained in a defensive stalemate. The Dynamo dropped their attacking players into the midfield and defense to resist pressure from the Revolution, who continued to earn opportunities to score but left themselves vulnerable to counterattacks. Alejandro Moreno, who was substituted late in the second half for Paul Dalglish, missed a header from a corner kick in the 95th minute; this was followed three minutes later by a header from Clint Dempsey that was cleared off the goal line by Wade Barrett.
The opening goal of the match was scored in the 113th minute by Taylor Twellman, who received a slip pass from Khano Smith and made a one-touch shot from to end New England's 346-minute scoring drought in MLS Cup finals. Twellman and several of his teammates ran across the length of the field to celebrate in front of a section with Revolution fans. Houston responded from kickoff with a forward run and a cross from the right by Brian Mullan to Ching, who headed the ball into the net and tied the match at 1–1 only 71 seconds after Twellman's goal. The match remained tied at the end of extra time, setting up the first penalty shootout in MLS Cup history.
The penalty shootout featured no saves or misses in the first two rounds, with shots scored by Houston's extra time substitutes Kelly Gray and Stuart Holden, and New England's Shalrie Joseph and goalkeeper Matt Reis. Pat Noonan's shot in the third round hit the crossbar, but the score remained level at 3–3 after Twellman converted and Brad Davis's penalty was saved by Matt Reis. Ching, who was later named the MLS Cup MVP, scored the Dynamo's fifth-round penalty to give them a 4–3 lead. Defender Jay Heaps attempted to slot his penalty into the goal, but the shot slowly rolled into the gloves of Pat Onstad to win the match for the Houston Dynamo.
Details
Post-match
The Dynamo's victory in the MLS Cup brought the first professional sports championship to the city since the Houston Comets won the 2000 WNBA Finals. The team was honored with a victory rally outside Houston City Hall that was attended by 600 fans a few days after the match. The title was technically the third MLS Cup for the franchise, which had won two as the San Jose Earthquakes, but the two teams are considered separate entities. The Dynamo were also received by President George W. Bush at the White House in May 2007, becoming the second MLS team to be honored at the White House. The time between the match's two extra time goals, 71 seconds, tied the record for shortest span in MLS Cup history that was set in 2003 by San Jose and Chicago. New England tied Los Angeles's three MLS Cup losses and was compared to similar perennial runners-up like the Buffalo Bills and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League.
As the winner of the MLS Cup, Houston qualified for the 2007 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, an eight-team tournament to determine the continental club champion; the second MLS berth that was reserved for the MLS Cup runners-up was replaced with one for the winner of the Supporters' Shield. The Dynamo played Costa Rican club Puntarenas F.C. in the quarterfinal and advanced with a 2–1 aggregate score, winning 2–0 in the second leg at their preseason home in College Station. Houston then faced Mexican Clasura champion Pachuca in the semifinals and won the first leg 2–0 after a one-day delay due to a power outage. In the second leg hosted by Pachuca, the Dynamo conceded four goals to tie the series 4–4 and force extra time, where Pachuca scored a winning penalty kick to advance 5–4 on aggregate to the final.
The two clubs would meet again in the following final, playing in the first repeat match-up in MLS Cup history; Houston defeated New England 2–1 in regulation time and defended their title. In the 2008 SuperLiga Final, hosted by New England at Gillette Stadium, the two teams drew 2–2 after extra time and played in a penalty shootout that the Revolution won 6–5 after eight rounds. The Dynamo appeared in two more MLS Cup finals, played in 2011 and 2012, losing both to the Los Angeles Galaxy at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California. New England qualified for their fifth MLS Cup final in 2014, also losing to the Galaxy in Carson. Both teams would go on to win the U.S. Open Cup, with New England defeating FC Dallas in 2007 and Houston defeating the Philadelphia Union in 2018.
References
2006
Houston Dynamo FC matches
New England Revolution matches
Association football penalty shoot-outs
November 2006 sports events in the United States
2006 in sports in Texas
Sports in Frisco, Texas
Soccer in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLS%20Cup%202006 |
5th VFCC Awards
February 20, 2005
Best Film:
Sideways
Best Canadian Film:
Childstar
The 5th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2004, were given on 20 February 2005.
Winners
International
Best Actor:
Jamie Foxx - Ray
Best Actress:
Imelda Staunton - Vera Drake
Best Director:
Clint Eastwood - Million Dollar Baby
Best Documentary Feature:
Fahrenheit 9/11
Best Film:
Sideways
Best Foreign Language Film:
Un long dimanche de fiançailles (A Very Long Engagement), France
Best Supporting Actor:
Morgan Freeman - Million Dollar Baby
Best Supporting Actress:
Virginia Madsen - Sideways
Canadian
Best Actor:
Don McKellar - Childstar
Best Actress:
Joely Collins - The Love Crimes of Gillian Guess
Best Director:
Don McKellar - Childstar
Best Film:
Childstar
Best Supporting Actor:
Dave Foley - Childstar
Best Supporting Actress:
Rebecca Jenkins - Wilby Wonderful
References
2004
2004 film awards
2004 in British Columbia
2004 in Canadian cinema | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver%20Film%20Critics%20Circle%20Awards%202004 |
"We Can Try" is a song by Australian recording artist Paulini, taken from her debut studio album, One Determined Heart (2004). It was written by Jeneya Carr and Audius Mtawarira, who also produced the song. "We Can Try" was released physically on 4 October 2004, as the second single from the album. The song peaked at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The music video was shot in a sepia tone.
Track listing
Australian CD single
"We Can Try" – 3:42
"We Can Try" (Four 2 the Floor mix) – 3:43
"Angel Eyes" (Silvertongue mix) – 4:00
"The Live 'Idol' Medley" – 5:03
Charts
References
2004 singles
2004 songs
Columbia Records singles
Paulini songs
Song recordings produced by Audius Mtawarira
Songs written by Audius Mtawarira | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Can%20Try |
Dexter Anthony Carter (born September 15, 1967) is a former running back who played for the San Francisco 49ers and the New York Jets in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the first round in the 1990 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State University.
NFL career
In 1990, Carter was drafted in the first round by the 49ers, the winner of the previous two Super Bowls, with the hopes of taking some of the running game responsibility from Roger Craig as well as serving as the primary kick returner. He led the team in rushing in his rookie season with 460 yards after Craig missed 5 games with injury. He was the second-leading rusher in 1991 behind Keith Henderson, but then fell on the running back depth chart the following year and became almost exclusively a kick returner after that. He was a contributor in this capacity to the 49ers' Super Bowl XXIX team in . In 1996, he was selected as a member of the 50th Anniversary 49er Modern Era All-Time Team.
In that after Super Bowl XXIX, he signed a free agent three-year contract with the Jets. He struggled on his new team, fumbling 7 times (losing 4) in 10 games before being cut on November 8. He was then picked up by the 49ers and resumed his role as their kick and punt returner the next week. He created NFL history that season by becoming the only player ever to record at least one touch and one all purpose yard in 17 regular season games. He did this by playing for the Jets before their bye week and being signed by the 49ers after their bye week.
Carter finished his 7 NFL seasons with 1,042 rushing yards and 5 touchdowns, along with 59 receptions for 652 yards and 2 touchdowns. On special teams, he returned 138 punts for 1,358 yards and 2 touchdowns, while also returning 250 kickoffs for 5,412 yards and 2 touchdowns.
Coaching career
In 2007, Dexter returned to Florida State University as the running backs coach for 3 seasons. He was not retained after the 2009 season as incoming head coach Jimbo Fisher brought in his own coaches when taking over for Bobby Bowden.
Personal life
Carter's cousin, Byron Buxton, is a professional baseball player. He was the second overall pick in the MLB draft. Both hail from Baxley Georgia. His son, Dexter Carter Jr., has drawn comparisons to his father with his speed and natural football ability at the Bolles School in Jacksonville, Florida. Dexter is the Founder and Chairman for Dexter Carter 35 Foundation. dextercarter35foundation.org The mission is Making Hopes and Dreams a Reality for at risk youth experiencing despair, hardship and poverty.
References
External links
Dexter Carter statistics.
Florida State Seminoles bio
1967 births
Living people
American football running backs
American football return specialists
Florida State Seminoles football players
San Francisco 49ers players
New York Jets players
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
People from Baxley, Georgia
Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
Florida State Seminoles men's track and field athletes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter%20Carter |
Thomas Joseph Beckwith (January 28, 1955May 22, 2021) was an American baseball pitcher who played seven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Kansas City Royals from 1979 to 1986. He threw right-handed and served primarily as a relief pitcher.
Beckwith was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1977 and played for two of their minor league affiliates until 1979, when the Dodgers promoted him to the major leagues. After spending three more seasons with the organization, he was traded to Kansas City. The Royals won the World Series in 1985, and he was released before the start of the following season. He returned to the Dodgers in 1986 and played his last game on September 30 that year.
Early life
Beckwith was born in Opelika, Alabama, on January 28, 1955. His father, Bill, worked at the Auburn University in public relations and as director of ticket sales over four decades; his mother was Marjorie. He was raised in Auburn, Alabama, and attended Auburn High School, where he played for the school team, and also served as batboy for Auburn University. He went on to study at the university, playing for the Auburn Tigers from 1974 to 1977. In 1975 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star.
Beckwith pitched a no-hitter against the University of Houston at the beginning of the 1976 season. He set the record at the time for most career wins (31) with the Tigers and in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Other team records he established that remained standing at the time of his death include most complete games in a season (10) and in a career (20), as well as most shutouts all-time (6) and in a single season (3). He was named to the All-SEC team in 1976 and 1977. Beckwith was initially drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 12th round of the 1976 Major League Baseball draft, but opted not to sign. He was subsequently drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the second round of the following year's draft.
Career
Beckwith played three seasons in the minor leagues from 1977 to 1979. He made his MLB debut on July 21, 1979, at the age of 24, relieving Don Sutton and giving up two earned runs and striking out one over 2 innings in a 7–2 loss to the Montreal Expos. He finished his rookie season in 1980 with a 3–3 win–loss record, a 1.96 earned run average (ERA), and 40 strikeouts over innings pitched.
Beckwith suffered double vision in 1981, sidelining him the entire season in which the Dodgers won the World Series. He sustained the injury in spring training while pitching batting practice without a screen in front to shield him. Jack Perconte hit a pitch back at him. Beckwith quickly ducked and avoided being hit as the ball flew by his head. He thought he had avoided a serious injury, but the double vision manifested itself in the following days. Beckwith underwent two surgeries to restore the balance in his eyes, and he returned to the Dodgers in mid-1982.
Beckwith won the 1985 World Series with the Royals. He pitched two innings in his lone appearance in Game 4, and was one of only two relief pitchers the Royals used during the series (the other being closer Dan Quisenberry). Beckwith was subsequently released by the organization on March 28 of the following year. After signing with the Toronto Blue Jays but unable to make it onto their major league roster, he rejoined the Dodgers on July 31, 1986. He played his final major league game on September 30 that same year, at the age of 31.
Later life
After retiring from baseball, Beckwith lived in Atlanta for several years before returning to Auburn. He worked in the concrete industry with Ready Mix USA/CEMEX. He also coached local youth baseball and softball. He managed the Alabama Dixie Youth team that won the state championship in 2004. That same year, Beckwith was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame, becoming the first graduate of Auburn High to be enshrined there. He was subsequently honored in Auburn's Tiger Trail Walk of Fame in 2006.
Beckwith died on May 22, 2021. He was 66, and suffered from colon cancer in the two-and-a-half years leading up to his death.
See also
List of Auburn University people
Notes
References
External links
, or Pura Pelota
1955 births
2021 deaths
Albuquerque Dukes players
Auburn High School (Alabama) alumni
Auburn Tigers baseball players
Baseball players from Alabama
Cotuit Kettleers players
Deaths from cancer in Alabama
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Kansas City Royals players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Sportspeople from Auburn, Alabama
San Antonio Dodgers players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Anchorage Glacier Pilots players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Beckwith |
James McDonald (born 5 October 1976) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club and Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League (AFL).
AFL career
Nicknamed "Junior", James is the brother of former AFL players Anthony McDonald and Alex McDonald. He is noted as a hard working in and under midfielder. In addition to this, he is also used as a tagger.
In 1995, McDonald suffered from chronic fatigue syndrome with his VAFA side Old Xaverians.
He debuted in the AFL in 1997 with the Melbourne Football Club after being promoted off the Rookie list.
McDonald had one of his most consistent years in 2006, being named on the interchange bench in the All Australian side and the only Demons player to make this list in that year. He laid a league high and record high 143 tackles during season 2006, breaking the previous record held by Tony Liberatore (although Brett Kirk would break McDonald's record the following season), and capped off the season with a win in Melbourne's Best and Fairest.
McDonald also played in the International Rules Series in 2006.
McDonald won the Melbourne best and fairest in 2007 for the second time.
McDonald played his 200th game in a loss to the Western Bulldogs in Round 2, 2008. He was part of the Demons' Leadership Group, along with Cameron Bruce, Russell Robertson, Adem Yze and Brad Miller and was named co captain alongside Bruce in the absence of skipper David Neitz. However, after Neitz announced his retirement, no captain has been selected yet.
After the 2008 home-and-away season, James signed a one-year deal to continue playing with Melbourne.
On 11 January 2009, the Herald Sun reported that McDonald would captain the club in 2009. McDonald kicked his 50th goal in the 2009 season.
In 2009, McDonald appeared alongside other AFL footballers in an AFL television advertisement titled "AFL: In a League of its Own", which featured prominent AFL players playing Australian rules football at famous sporting venues around the world, and in the middle of other sports being played, including basketball, Association football and American football. In the advertisement, McDonald, along with Nathan Bock and Daniel Merrett, unsuccessfully attempt to tackle Adam Cooney on a bullring.
McDonald signed another one-year extension that would see him to the end of the 2010 season. He also broke the record for the most games by a rookie-listed player (238). On 20 August, McDonald announced that he would retire at the end of the end of the 2010 season, saying he felt he could have played on for another year, but that the club came first and the club's decision was for him to retire at the end of the season.
McDonald played for his old side, Old Xaverians, in the Victorian Amateur Football Association, while also working with 's Melbourne-based players in a development role. At the end of 2011, McDonald signed a one-year contract with Greater Western Sydney. During the 2012 season, he was a playing assistant coach for the Giants. In his first game for the club, McDonald copped a two-game suspension for engaging in rough conduct on Sydney Swans player Luke Parker; ironically, he had served as a member on the Match Review Panel in the previous season.
James McDonald Trophy
The James McDonald Trophy is presented to the player who best demonstrates the "Melbourne Spirit".
Statistics
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 54 || 4 || 3 || 1 || 26 || 12 || 38 || 5 || 6 || 0.8 || 0.3 || 6.5 || 3.0 || 9.5 || 1.3 || 1.5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 22 || 10 || 12 || 158 || 81 || 239 || 52 || 20 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 7.2 || 3.7 || 10.9 || 2.4 || 0.9
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 15 || 5 || 11 || 120 || 58 || 178 || 26 || 23 || 0.3 || 0.7 || 8.0 || 3.9 || 11.9 || 1.7 || 1.5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2000
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 17 || 7 || 6 || 137 || 100 || 237 || 46 || 38 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 8.1 || 5.9 || 13.9 || 2.7 || 2.2
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 15 || 3 || 3 || 162 || 94 || 256 || 58 || 41 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 10.8 || 6.3 || 17.1 || 3.9 || 2.7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 20 || 2 || 4 || 176 || 124 || 300 || 59 || 58 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 8.8 || 6.2 || 15.0 || 3.0 || 2.9
|- style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 21 || 4 || 4 || 230 || 210 || 440 || 106 || 84 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 11.0 || 10.0 || 21.0 || 5.0 || 4.0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 18 || 3 || 4 || 213 || 122 || 335 || 76 || 76 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 11.8 || 6.8 || 18.6 || 4.2 || 4.2
|-style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 21 || 2 || 5 || 197 || 132 || 329 || 77 || 70 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 9.4 || 6.3 || 15.7 || 3.7 || 3.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 24 || 6 || 7 || 301 || 254 || 555 || 115 || 143 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 12.5 || 10.6 || 23.1 || 4.8 || 6.0
|-style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 21 || 3 || 4 || 263 || 226 || 489 || 90 || 131 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 12.5 || 10.8 || 23.3 || 4.3 || 6.2
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 19 || 1 || 3 || 194 || 185 || 379 || 83 || 88 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 10.2 || 9.7 || 19.9 || 4.4 || 4.6
|-style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 18 || 2 || 2 || 177 || 171 || 348 || 83 || 87 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 9.8 || 9.5 || 19.3 || 4.6 || 4.8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 23 || 16 || 5 || 1 || 182 || 178 || 360 || 49 || 119 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 11.4 || 11.1 || 22.5 || 3.1 || 7.4
|-style="background:#eaeaea;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 38 || 13 || 4 || 3 || 100 || 97 || 197 || 31 || 67 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 7.7 || 7.5 || 15.2 || 2.4 || 5.2
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 264
! 60
! 70
! 2636
! 2044
! 4680
! 956
! 1051
! 0.2
! 0.3
! 10.0
! 7.7
! 17.7
! 3.6
! 4.0
|}
References
External links
Melbourne Football Club players
1976 births
Living people
People with chronic fatigue syndrome
All-Australians (AFL)
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Keith 'Bluey' Truscott Trophy winners
Melbourne Football Club captains
Old Xaverians Football Club players
Greater Western Sydney Giants players
People educated at St Patrick's College, Ballarat
Australia international rules football team players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McDonald%20%28Australian%20footballer%29 |
In Nordic mythology, Þrúðheimr (anglicized Thrúdheim or Thrudheim), which means "World of strength" in Old Norse, is the home of Thor according to the Eddic poem Grímnismál (4). But in Snorri Sturluson's Edda (Gylfaginning, 21, 47; Skáldskaparmál, 17) and Ynglinga saga (5), the name of Thor's residence is Þrúðvangr or Þrúðvangar. Þrúðheimr is nevertheless mentioned in Snorri's Edda, but in its prologue. In this euhemerized story, it is written that Tror, "whom we call Thor", conquered the kingdom of Thrace, "which we call Þrúðheimr".
Notes
Locations in Norse mythology
Thor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0heimr |
Charles Antoine Letrosne (5 April 1868 – 9 August 1939) was a French architect and writer known as the author of the influential three-volume Murs et toits pour le pays de chez nous (1923.
Life
Charles Antoine Letrosne was born on 5 April 1868 in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.
His parents were Paul Ernest Letrosne (1827–1902), an architect and professor at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, and Augustine Marin (1825–1884).
He also became an architect.
On 27 May 1895 he married Caroline Geneviève Jenny Penicaud (1874–1925).
They had two boys and two girls. The boys, Daniel Paul Raoul Letrosne (1896–1941) and Guy (Guillaume) Letrosne (1908–88) both became architects.
Charles Letrosne was made Chief Architect of Civil Buildings and National Palaces.
He was an officer of the Legion of Honor.
He died on 9 August 1939 at Le Val Martin, Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche, Yvelines, Île-de-France at the age of 71.
Work
Letrosne designed the Temple protestant de Reims in a flamboyant neo-Gothic style influenced by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc.
It was modeled on the Temple de l'Étoile in Paris. The layout is that of Latin cross, which is unusual in a church built for Protestants.
The foundation stone was laid on 23 October 1921, and the temple was dedicated on 24 June 1923.
Letrosne was the co-designer (with his son Daniel) of the zoo in the Bois de Vincennes in Paris in 1934.
He was the first chief architect of the Paris World Exhibition of 1937.
Publications
References
Sources
1868 births
1939 deaths
20th-century French architects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Letrosne |
Area codes 570 and 272 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northeast quadrant of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The numbering plan area (NPA) includes the cities or towns of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Stroudsburg, East Stroudsburg, Pittston, Carbondale, Hazleton, Clarks Summit, Towanda, Bloomsburg, Sayre, Tunkhannock, Berwick, Milford, Montrose, Honesdale, Pocono Pines, Nanticoke, Tamaqua, Shavertown, Dallas, Mahanoy City, Sunbury, Jim Thorpe, and as far south as Pottsville and as far west as Lock Haven.
Area code 570 was created in 1998 in an split of area code 717, one of the original North American area codes. In 2013, the numbering plan area received a second area code, 272, creating an overlay plan, which required ten-digit dialing for the area.
History
When the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) organized the telephone networks of North American with a universal telephone numbering plan in 1947, Pennsylvania was divided into four numbering plan areas, including area codes 215, 412, 717, and 814. Area code 717 was assigned to the eastern half of Pennsylvania, excluding the Delaware and Lehigh Valleys.
Area code 570 was created when the 717 numbering plan area was divided on December 5, 1998. It was the first new Pennsylvania area code created outside Philadelphia and Pittsburgh since the implementation of the area code system.
In 2009, it was projected that 570 would run out of numbers in the third quarter of 2011. The Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (PUC) considered four options: an overlay plan and three configurations of dividing. Two of the splits would have left Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, the two largest cities in the territory, with the same area code. On July 15, 2010, the PUC decided that the new area code, 272, would be implemented as an overlay. The area code entered service on March 28, 2013. Ten-digit dialing became mandatory in northeastern Pennsylvania on September 21, 2013.
In 2015, only eleven unassigned central office prefixes remained in 570. By 2017, only one exchange was left in February, and that exchange was assigned by May.
Service area
Counties
Locations are approximate. Area code 570/272 may only cover a portion of these counties, and it may spill into neighboring areas not listed.
Bradford County
Carbon County
Centre County
Clinton County
Columbia County
Dauphin County
Juniata County
Lackawanna County
Luzerne County
Lycoming County
Monroe County
Montour County
Northampton County
Northumberland County
Pike County
Potter County
Schuylkill County
Snyder County
Susquehanna County
Sullivan County
Tioga County
Union County
Wayne County
Wyoming County
Municipalities
Avoca
Berwick
Brodheadsville
Carbondale
Clarks Summit
Dallas
Drums
East Stroudsburg
Elysburg
Frackville
Freeland
Gouldsboro
Great Bend
Hallstead
Hazleton
Honesdale
Jim Thorpe
Kingston
Lake Wallenpaupack
Lansford
Mahanoy City
Milford
Montoursville
Moscow
Mount Pocono
Mountain Top
Nanticoke
Nescopeck
Nesquehoning
Orwigsburg
Pine Grove
Pittston
Plains
Portland
Pottsville
Sayre
Scranton
Shamokin
Shenandoah
Stroudsburg
Sunbury
Susquehanna Depot
Tamaqua
Tannersville
Taylor
Tobyhanna
Towanda
Tunkhannock
Weatherly
West Hazleton
Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
See also
List of Pennsylvania area codes
List of NANP area codes
North American Numbering Plan
References
External links
North American Numbering Plan Administration
570
570
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1998
Telecommunications-related introductions in 2013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20570%20and%20272 |
In mid-January 1888, a severe cold wave passed through the northern regions of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the United States, then considered to be the northwestern region of the nation. It led to a blizzard for the northern Plains and upper Mississippi valley where many children were trapped in schoolhouses where they froze to death. This tragedy became known as the Schoolhouse Blizzard, Schoolchildren's Blizzard, or The Children's Blizzard. This cold snap and blizzard were part of a month when temperatures averaged below normal by across much of the northern and western United States.
Synoptic overview
The cold wave was initiated by a storm system which dropped southward from Canada on January 11 into Colorado on January 12 and onward into the Great Lakes on January 13. The subsequent cold wave extended all the way into the citrus growing areas of southern California. The cyclone led to a blizzard across Nebraska, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Since there had recently been a warm spell, many people were caught off guard by the cold and snow. Hundreds of adults and children alike fell victim, while thousands of cattle died during the event.
Severity of the event
Record low temperatures were set, including at Fort Keogh (near Miles City, Montana) on January 14. At the time, it was the lowest temperature ever recorded in the continental United States. It was not until 1933 that a lower temperature was read in the lower 48 states ( in West Yellowstone, Montana).
Other notable records set during this cold wave are in St. Paul, Minnesota, in Spokane, Washington, in Boise, Idaho, in downtown Portland, Oregon, in Newport, Oregon, and in Eureka, California. All of these readings still stand as the record low for each location. Further, high temperatures of in Spokane and in Portland still stand as the coldest maximum temperatures ever recorded.
In Denver, while not record setting, temperatures fell to while winds peaked at . In California on January 14, temperatures fell to in Eureka and in San Francisco.
See also
Siberian Express
Great Blizzard of 1888 for the blizzard that happened on the East Coast in March 1888
References
1888 meteorology
1888 natural disasters
19th-century cold waves
1888
1888 natural disasters in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888%20Northwest%20United%20States%20cold%20wave |
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a technique applied to the spectroscopy of atoms and small molecules. In practice, a tunable laser can be used to access an excited intermediate state. The selection rules associated with a two-photon or other multiphoton photoabsorption are different from the selection rules for a single photon transition. The REMPI technique typically involves a resonant single or multiple photon absorption to an electronically excited intermediate state followed by another photon which ionizes the atom or molecule. The light intensity to achieve a typical multiphoton transition is generally significantly larger than the light intensity to achieve a single photon photoabsorption. Because of this, subsequent photoabsorption is often very likely. An ion and a free electron will result if the photons have imparted enough energy to exceed the ionization threshold energy of the system. In many cases, REMPI provides spectroscopic information that can be unavailable to single photon spectroscopic methods, for example rotational structure in molecules is easily seen with this technique.
REMPI is usually generated by a focused frequency tunable laser beam to form a small-volume plasma. In REMPI, first m photons are simultaneously absorbed by an atom or molecule in the sample to bring it to an excited state. Other n photons are absorbed afterwards to generate an electron and ion pair. The so-called m+n REMPI is a nonlinear optical process, which can only occur within the focus of the laser beam. A small-volume plasma is formed near the laser focal region. If the energy of m photons does not match any state, an off-resonant transition can occur with an energy defect ΔE, however, the electron is very unlikely to remain in that state. For large detuning, it resides there only during the time Δt. The uncertainty principle is satisfied for Δt, where ћ=h/2π and h is the Planck constant (6.6261×10^-34 J∙s). Such transition and states are called virtual, unlike real transitions to states with long lifetimes. The real transition probability is many orders of magnitude higher than the virtual transition one, which is called resonance enhanced effect.
Rydberg states
High photon intensity experiments can involve multiphoton processes with the absorption of integer multiples of the photon energy. In experiments that involve a multiphoton resonance, the intermediate is often a low-lying Rydberg state, and the final state is often an ion. The initial state of the system, photon energy, angular momentum and other selection rules can help in determining the nature of the intermediate state. This approach is exploited in resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy (REMPI). The technique is in wide use in both atomic and molecular spectroscopy. An advantage of the REMPI technique is that the ions can be detected with almost complete efficiency and even time resolved for their mass. It is also possible to gain additional information by performing experiments to look at the energy of the liberated photoelectron in these experiments.
Microwave detection
Coherent microwave scattering from electrons in REMPI-induced plasma filaments adds the capability to measure selectively-ionized species with a high spatial and temporal resolution - allowing for nonintrusive determinations of concentration profiles without the use of physical probes or electrodes. It has been applied for the detection of species such as argon, xenon, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, atomic oxygen, and methyl radicals both within enclosed cells, open air, and atmospheric flames.
Microwave detection is based on homodyne or heterodyne technologies. They can significantly increase the detection sensitivity by suppressing the noise and follow sub-nanosecond plasma generation and evolution. The homodyne detection method mixes the detected microwave electric field with its own source to produce a signal proportional to the product of the two. The signal frequency is converted down from tens of gigahertz to below one gigahertz so that the signal can be amplified and observed with standard electronic devices. Because of the high sensitivity associated with the homodyne detection method, the lack of background noise in the microwave regime, and the capability of time gating of the detection electronics synchronous with the laser pulse, very high SNRs are possible even with milliwatt microwave sources. These high SNRs allow the temporal behavior of the microwave signal to be followed on a sub-nanosecond time scale. Thus the lifetime of electrons within the plasma can be recorded. By utilizing a microwave circulator, a single microwave horn transceiver has been built, which significantly simplifies the experimental setup.
Detection in the microwave region has numerous advantages over optical detection. Using homodyne or heterodyne technologies, the electric field rather than the power can be detected, so much better noise rejection can be achieved. In contrast to optical heterodyne techniques, no alignment or mode matching of the reference is necessary. The long wavelength of the microwaves leads to effective point coherent scattering from the plasma in the laser focal volume, so phase matching is unimportant and scattering in the backward direction is strong. Many microwave photons can be scattered from a single electron, so the amplitude of the scattering can be increased by increasing the power of the microwave transmitter. The low energy of the microwave photons corresponds to thousands of more photons per unit energy than in the visible region, so shot noise is drastically reduced. For weak ionization characteristic of trace species diagnostics, the measured electric field is a linear function of the number of electrons which is directly proportional to the trace species concentration. Furthermore, there is very little solar or other natural background radiation in the microwave spectral region.
See also
Rydberg ionization spectroscopy
Compare with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)
References
Spectroscopy
Ionization | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance-enhanced%20multiphoton%20ionization |
Graham Alexander (born 10 October 1971) is a professional football manager and former player who was most recently the head coach of club Milton Keynes Dons. In a lengthy playing career, Alexander represented Scunthorpe United, Luton Town, Preston North End and Burnley. He also made 40 international appearances for Scotland.
For most of his career, Alexander played as a specialist at right-back, but was also deployed in defensive midfield early on in his career with Scunthorpe. He is the fourth oldest player to score in Premier League history. He was also a penalty kick specialist. On 16 April 2011, in Burnley's win over Swansea City in a Championship match, Alexander became only the second outfield player in English football history to have made 1,000 professional appearances, after Tony Ford. He is third on the list of footballers in England by number of league appearances.
Alexander was appointed manager of Fleetwood Town in December 2012. He won the 2013–14 League Two play-offs and promotion to League One, but was sacked by Fleetwood in September 2015. He then managed Scunthorpe United for two years before being appointed manager of newly promoted National League club Salford City on 14 May 2018. Alexander guided Salford to promotion in his first season, but was sacked in October 2020. He then had 18 months as manager of Scottish club Motherwell.
Club career
Early career
Alexander began his career in the late 1980s as a youth player with Scunthorpe United. He made his first-team debut on 27 April 1991, coming on as a substitute for Mark Hine, and signed his first professional contract the same year. In 1991–92, he established himself as a member of Scunthorpe's first team, usually playing at right back.
Luton Town
Alexander made over 200 appearances at Scunthorpe before moving to Luton Town for a transfer fee of £100,000. He went on to make a similar number of appearances with Luton in his four years with the club.
Preston North End
In 1999 two clubs were vying for his signature; Burnley and Preston North End. Both clubs made offers for the player but Alexander opted for a move to Preston. He became a first team regular at Deepdale, eventually club captain and an established set-piece taker, particularly in penalties. Alexander stayed remarkably fit during his career, hardly ever suffering a major injury. However, during the 2000–01 season, he missed several weeks of the season after breaking his rib in an away match against Wolverhampton Wanderers. During his eight years at Preston, Alexander made exactly 400 appearances for the club, with his 400th and final match coming against Colchester United on 25 August 2007. He was also in the PFA's Championship Team of the Season for 2004–05
During the summer of 2007 a number of clubs were linked with him including Crystal Palace who had a £50,000 bid turned down by Preston, who said: "He is club captain and a vital member of this squad and certainly not a player we will allow to leave."
Burnley
On 29 August 2007, he made a surprise move to local rivals Burnley almost nine years after they had originally tried to sign him. The reasons cited for his departure were that Preston would not extend his contract by another year, so when offered a two-year contract by Burnley the player accepted and made a £200,000 move to Turf Moor. Preston chairman Derek Shaw did not want to lose the player and said:
We don't particularly want to sell Graham but he has the comfort of a two-year contract at Burnley whereas he only has one year here at Deepdale. We quite possibly would have renewed Graham's contract, he's a fit man.
The £200,000 transfer money was made up of £100,000 payable in 2007 and the final £100,000 payable in the summer of 2008.
In Burnley's promotion season in 2008–09 Alexander at the age of 37 played in all 61 league and cup games ending with the 1–0 play-off final victory over Sheffield United at Wembley which took Burnley back to the top flight of English football for the first time in 33 years.
On 29 June 2009, Alexander signed a new one-year contract at Burnley, and on 15 August he became the oldest player to make a Premier League debut. On 19 September, he scored his first Premier League goal, a penalty, in a 3–1 win at home to Sunderland. On 31 October 2009, He scored both goals in a 2–0 home win against Hull City. A week later he then scored the first for Burnley, from the spot, at Manchester City in a thrilling 3–3 draw. On 16 December, he scored his 100th league goal. He scored an equaliser against Arsenal, sending Gunners 'keeper Manuel Almunia the wrong way. On 10 April 2010, Alexander again scored twice against Hull City – both penalties – in a 4–1 win to take his tally for the season to eight, seven of which were penalties. Alexander took penalties in an unusual way, opting to use the outside of his foot rather than the inside. On 6 May 2010, he was named Burnley's Player of the Year for the 2009–10 season.
On 5 August 2010, Burnley's first team manager, Brian Laws, named the 38-year-old as club captain for the 2010–11 season. On Alexander's appointment, Laws said "Graham is the consummate professional who has been instrumental in the success that this club has seen in the past few seasons, so it was an easy choice."
In April 2011, Alexander made his 1,000th senior appearance for club and country in a 2–1 win against Swansea City as an 87th-minute substitute. Only Tony Ford has matched this feat as an outfield player. At the end of the season, Alexander looked likely to leave Turf Moor, as he was linked with managerial jobs with Bury and Macclesfield Town, but Burnley boss Eddie Howe stated that he was still part of his plans for the following season. On 4 July 2011, Alexander was released by Burnley.
Return to Preston North End
Alexander returned to Preston North End on 3 August 2011, as he signed a one-year contract with the club. He made his debut against Colchester United.
Alexander scored his first goal for Preston in four years with a trademark penalty in a 2–1 home win against Tranmere on 24 September 2011. This was after his first penalty back in a Preston shirt was saved by Exeter's Artur Krysiak, and before his third was saved by Lee Butcher of Leyton Orient. His next penalty came in a penalty shootout against Rochdale in the Football League Trophy, which was slotted into the top corner after he was brought on as a substitute for Conor McLaughlin especially to take a penalty in the shootout. However, he missed his next penalty, again in the Football League Trophy, and again in a penalty shootout, this time against Chesterfield. He was the third Preston player to take a penalty in this shootout, and he blazed it over the bar, much to the disbelief of the fans. Preston's next penalty-taker, Paul Coutts, had his penalty saved, and then when the next penalty was scored by Chesterfield's Alexandre Mendy, Preston got knocked out of the tournament. Alexander started the next league game against Stevenage but was replaced through injury by Steven Smith after just 3 minutes, after which Alexander did not feature for the Lilywhites for a long time, and there was speculation that he had played his last game for Preston, and in his career.
After the sacking of Phil Brown a few games down the line, he became joint-caretaker manager, alongside David Unsworth. His first match in joint-charge was an away match against MK Dons, which they won 1–0. Just before what was to be an ordinary match against Wycombe Wanderers, it was announced that Graham Westley would replace them at the helm of Preston, and that Wycombe was to be the last match in charge for the pairing of Alexander and Unsworth. They won the match 3–2.
Playing his final game on 28 April 2012 against Charlton Athletic, Alexander came on as a substitute for Max Ehmer in the 84th minute. This was supposed to be a cameo appearance to allow the Preston supporters to show their appreciation of his service to the club. However, with Preston losing 1–2 in stoppage time, they were awarded a free-kick 25 yards from Charlton's goal. Alexander stepped up to curl the ball around the wall and inside the near post, scoring with the final kick of his career.
On 20 June 2012, Alexander was appointed Head of Youth Development. Chairman Peter Ridsdale said "He's got over 1,000 games under his belt, he's a hero here and what better person to head our youth development."
International career
Born in England to a Scottish father and Irish mother, Alexander was eligible to play for England, the Republic of Ireland or Scotland. Before his first international call, Alexander said, "To be honest, since I started playing football, I've had two ambitions: to play in the Premier League, and to play for Scotland. I've been brought up supporting Scotland as far back as I can remember." This ambition was fulfilled when he made his Scotland debut on 17 April 2002 in a 2–1 friendly defeat to Nigeria at Pittodrie Stadium. Alexander was part of the Scotland squad who won the annual Japanese Kirin Cup tournament in 2006, beating Bulgaria 5–1 before drawing 0–0 with Japan. He gained his 25th Scotland cap in a 1–0 home victory against France. He gained a total of 40 caps for Scotland. Alexander was shown only one yellow card while playing for Scotland, against New Zealand in May 2003.
Managerial career
Fleetwood Town
On 6 December 2012, Alexander was appointed as the new manager of League Two club Fleetwood Town. Upon his arrival, Fleetwood were sat in seventh place in the league, though had recently been eliminated from the FA Cup by Aldershot Town.
In his second season in charge, Alexander guided Fleetwood to promotion by winning the promotion play-offs, but was subsequently sacked in September 2015, following a poor start to their 2015–16 campaign in League One.
Scunthorpe United
On 22 March 2016, Alexander was appointed as the new manager of League One side Scunthorpe United. In his first full season in charge, Alexander guided the club to qualification for the promotion play-offs where they suffered a 3–2 aggregate defeat to eventual champions Millwall.
On 24 March 2018, it was confirmed that Alexander had parted ways with Scunthorpe after two years in association with the club; his side had gone eight games without a win, though left the club sat in fifth place.
Salford City
On 14 May 2018, Alexander was appointed as the new manager of newly promoted National League club Salford City, signing onto a four-year contract, following the departures of previous joint-managers Bernard Morley and Anthony Johnson. In his first season in charge, Alexander guided Salford to qualification for the promotion play-offs, in which they recorded a narrow 4–3 penalty success over Eastleigh, having drawn the match 1–1, to reach the final at Wembley Stadium, where they were 3–0 victorious over AFC Fylde to reach promotion to League Two.
During his second season in charge, Alexander guided Salford to the final of the EFL Trophy, though the final of the competition (which was initially scheduled to take place on 4 April 2020) was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also resulted in the league season to be postponed. In May 2020, clubs of League Two and League One voted to end the season prematurely, with the final standings being decided in a points-per-game format, which resulted in Salford finishing in eleventh place. Alexander was sacked by the club on 12 October following a 2–2 at home to Tranmere Rovers which left the club fifth in the league and unbeaten in the opening five games, with Paul Scholes immediately announced as his replacement.
Salford City co-owner Gary Neville later admitted that sacking Alexander was a mistake, saying "Graham Alexander should have never left this club last season. I should have never made that decision that I made".
Motherwell
On 7 January 2021, Alexander was announced as the new head coach of Scottish Premiership side Motherwell, following the departure of Stephen Robinson and replacing interim manager Keith Lasley. His first game in charge of Motherwell was a 1–1 draw against St Mirren in Paisley. On 10 January 2022, Alexander extended his contract with the club until 2025. Motherwell managed to finish fifth in the 2021–22 Scottish Premiership, despite only winning five games after the winter break. Alexander left the club by mutual consent on 29 July 2022, following their elimination from the Europa Conference League by Sligo Rovers.
Milton Keynes Dons
On 27 May 2023, Alexander was appointed head coach of recently relegated EFL League Two club Milton Keynes Dons. His tenure started well; on 8 September 2023 Alexander was named the EFL League Two Manager of the Month for August 2023 after the club finished the month top of the table with twelve points from their opening five games. However, following a run of eight league games without a win, on 16 October 2023, Milton Keynes Dons sacked Alexander after just 16 games in charge of the club.
Career statistics
Club
International
Managerial record
Honours
Player
Preston
Second Division: 1999–2000
Burnley
Football League Championship play-offs: 2009
Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 1999–2000 Second Division, 2001–02 First Division, 2004–05 Championship, 2006–07 Championship
Scunthorpe United Player of the Year: 1994
Burnley Player of the Year: 2010
Manager
Fleetwood Town
Football League Two play-offs: 2014
Salford City
National League play-offs: 2019
Individual
League One Manager of the Month: April 2016, November 2016
League Two Manager of the Month: January 2014, October 2019, August 2023
See also
List of Scotland international footballers born outside Scotland
List of men's footballers with the most official appearances
References
External links
UEFA stats for Euro 2008 qualifiers
1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Coventry
English men's footballers
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's B international footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
English football managers
Scottish football managers
Preston North End F.C. managers
Fleetwood Town F.C. managers
Scunthorpe United F.C. managers
Salford City F.C. managers
Motherwell F.C. managers
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. managers
English Football League managers
National League (English football) managers
Scottish Professional Football League managers
Association football coaches
Preston North End F.C. non-playing staff
English people of Scottish descent
English people of Irish descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Alexander |
The Ontario Hockey Federation (OHF) is the governing body of all sanctioned ice hockey in the province of Ontario in Canada, except for those portions governed by Hockey Northwestern Ontario and the Hockey Eastern Ontario. The federation is one of Hockey Canada's thirteen regional branches.
During the summer in 1989, the Metro Toronto Hockey League (MTHL) and the Ontario Minor Hockey Association (OMHA), broke away from the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) and formed the Central Canada Hockey Association, due to disagreement with an OHA restructuring proposal which would have limited their voting powers. The dispute ended when the OHF was established, with equal representation for the OHA, Northern Ontario Hockey Association, MTHL, and OMHA. OHA president Brent Ladds was named executive director of the OHF, which was given the mandate to oversee hockey in Ontario, and be a review panel for three years to propose further restructuring if necessary.
Membership
Alliance Hockey
Greater Toronto Hockey League
Northern Ontario Hockey Association
Ontario Hockey Association
Ontario Hockey League
Ontario Minor Hockey Association
Ontario Women's Hockey Association
William T. Ruddock Trophy
The William T. Ruddock Trophy is presented by the Ontario Hockey Federation to top Junior "A" hockey club within their jurisdiction. The trophy is awarded at the Dudley Hewitt Cup tournament to the winner of the round robin game between the Ontario Junior Hockey League champion and the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League champion. In the past, the now defunct Metro Junior A Hockey League's champion also competed for the trophy.
Winners
1994 Caledon Canadians (MetJHL)
1995 Brampton Capitals (OPJHL)
1996 Newmarket 87's (OPJHL)
1997 Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats (NOJHL)
1998 Milton Merchants (OPJHL)
1999 Bramalea Blues (OPJHL)
2000 Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats (NOJHL)
2001 Thornhill Rattlers (OPJHL)
2002 Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats (NOJHL)
2003 North Bay Skyhawks (NOJHL)
2004 Aurora Tigers (OPJHL)
2005 St. Michael's Buzzers (OPJHL)
2006 Sudbury Jr. Wolves (NOJHL)
2007 Aurora Tigers (OPJHL)
2008 Oakville Blades (OPJHL)
2009 Kingston Voyageurs (OJHL)
2010 Oakville Blades (OJAHL)
2011 Wellington Dukes (OJHL)
2012 Soo Thunderbirds (NOJHL)
2013 St. Michael's Buzzers (OJHL)
2014 Toronto Lakeshore Patriots (OJHL)
2015 Toronto Patriots (OJHL)
2016 Trenton Golden Hawks (OJHL)
2017 Georgetown Raiders (OJHL)
2018 Wellington Dukes (OJHL)
References
External links
OHF Website
Ice
1989 establishments in Ontario
Sports organizations established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Hockey%20Federation |
Strategies Against Architecture '80–'83, also spelled 80–83 Strategies Against Architecture (German:80–83 Strategien gegen Architekturen), is a 1984 compilation album by the German industrial band Einstürzende Neubauten. It consists of material recorded from 1980 to 1983, and features roughly half of the band's debut 1981 LP Kollaps along with single-only tracks and live material. It was originally released on Mute Records and is currently being sold without authority by Rough Trade.
Track listing
"Tanz Debil" - 3:20 (A Dance of Mental Illness)
"Schmerzen hören" (Hören Mit Schmerzen) - 2:31 (Listen with Pain)
"Mikroben" - 1:31 (Microbes)
"Krieg in den Städten" - 3:44 (War in the Cities) (originally Steh auf Berlin)
"Zum Tier machen" - 3:05 (Changing to Animal)
"Draußen ist feindlich" - 0:48 (Outside is Hostile)
"Stahlversion" - 5:35 (Steel Version)
"Schwarz" - 4:16 (Black)
"Negativ nein" - 2:23 (The Act of Double Negativism)
"Kalte Sterne" - 4:11 (Black Hole Cold Stars)
"Spaltung" - 2:25 (Split)
"U-Haft Muzak" - 3:41 (Muzak for While on Remand)
"Gestohlenes Band (ORF)" - 0:17 (Tape Stolen in ORF)
"Schwarz (mutiert)" - 3:26 (Black (A Mutation))
Personnel
Einstürzende Neubauten
Blixa Bargeld - lead vocals, guitars
Mark Chung - bass, vocals
Alexander Hacke - guitar, vocals
N.U. Unruh - percussion, vocals
F.M. Einheit - percussion, vocals
with:
Jim Thirlwell - compilation assistance
References
Einstürzende Neubauten compilation albums
1984 compilation albums
Mute Records compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategies%20Against%20Architecture%20%2780%E2%80%93%2783 |
Pedder Street is a major thoroughfare in the core of Hong Kong's Central District. It runs south–north from Queen's Road Central, continues through Des Voeux Road Central, and ends at its intersection with Connaught Road Central.
History
The street was named after Lieutenant William Pedder, first lieutenant of the Nemesis, Britain's first ocean-going iron warship, and the first harbour master of Hong Kong. Pedder Street was established at the centre of Hong Kong's commerce in the early colonial days.
The premises of Hong Kong's two most powerful trading hongs at the time, Dent & Co. and Jardine, Matheson & Co., were located on The Praya Central, Victoria's original waterfront, on the opposite sides of Pedder Street. Dent & Co., one of the key founding members of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, had a sprawling complex which stretched along the Praya, and a west wing which abutted Pedder Street.
Originally, Pedder Street ran from Pedder's Hill, where the Harbour Master's Office was established, south to north ending at Pedder's Wharf on the Praya. The street was extended north by 1904 when the Praya Reclamation Scheme finished transforming the old Praya into the modern day Des Voeux Road, along with a further stretch of land running north up to Connaught Road on which the General Post Office and Union Building were built.
The new pier built at the end of Pedder Street following the reclamation was named "Blake Pier" after the city's 13th Governor.
Historical buildings
Pedder Wharf (1841–1890)
Served as the official wharf of the colonial establishment from 1841 to 1890s.
In February 1886, the first pile of the new Pedder's Wharf was driven in from the praya wall. "Three similar piles have been towed over from Tsim Sha Tsui and are ready to be put in place". The new wharf, located at the junction of Pedder Street and Des Voeux Road, extended out from the praya wall, and was wide. Six sets of steps lead down to the water.
Pedder Wharf became landlocked after the big reclamation scheme of 1890–1904, and was replaced by Blake Pier.
Dent & Co offices
The palatial offices of Dent & Co. occupied the site where Gloucester Tower, The Landmark, stands today. They were originally constructed in 1850, and the site was redeveloped in 1864.
Dent & Co. went into financial distress in 1866 and sold half of its land on Pedder Street to the newly established Hongkong Hotel Company. The hotel was duly built, and became Hong Kong's first deluxe hotel. The remaining part of the west wing was let out to other trading firms.
Hong Kong Hotel (1866–1926)
The Hong Kong Hotel was Hong Kong's first deluxe hotel when it opened in 1866. In 1951, the hotel was closed down, and the building was bought up by a local Chinese investment group for office use. In 1957, the building was redeveloped into the present Central Building.
Clock Tower (1862–1913)
In 1862, at the southern end of the street where it meets Queen's Road, the Pedder Street Clock Tower was completed and was the landmark of Central until it was demolished. It chimed for the first time at midnight on 31 December 1862.
The tall clock tower with a lighted dial, designed by a Mr. Rawlings, was to be funded by subscriptions, but the lack of public response meant that many of the more elaborate decorative features were jettisoned. In the end, a donation was secured from Scotsman Douglas Lapraik, one of the most successful Tai-pans who founded the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company, precursor of Hutchison Whampoa.
The clock tower was taken down in 1913. In 1915, one of the clock faces was integrated into the clock tower at the Kowloon–Canton Railway terminus in Tsim Sha Tsui.
GPO II (1846–1911), GPO III (1911–1976), Supreme Court (1846–1912)
In its heyday, Dent also occupied the south-western corner of Pedder Street (and Queen's Road), where it had established a "Tea Exchange". In 1846, it was transformed into the Treasury (庫務署), Supreme Court and General Post Office. This land was auctioned in 1921, when it achieved a price of HK$50 per square foot. The resulting China Building (華人行) was completed in 1924.
Further reclamations had taken place in the meantime (ca.1900). The General Post Office was relocated in 1911 to new premises on the newly reclaimed (northern) section of Pedder Street where the wharf once was. It was a typical Edwardian municipal construction of granite and red brick, situated there until 1976; the Supreme Court was relocated in January 1912 to a new building constructed on reclaimed land, where it remained until 1985.
To make way for Pedder station of the MTR, the General Post Office was moved to Connaught Place. The old building was demolished in 1976, and World-Wide House was built in its place.
Pedder Building (since 1924)
Pedder Building occupied the site next to the China Building since 1924. The basement suite of the building was occupied for most of the post-war period by the auctioneering firm Lammert Bros. which had been operating in Hong Kong since 1855. The basement was occupied by Shanghai Tang's flagship store until October 2011. American clothing retailer Abercrombie & Fitch moved into the premises and three upper storeys in August 2012.
Jardine House (1841 – 1976)
The first Jardine House, headquarters of Jardine, Matheson & Co., was probably built around 1841 after Jardine's successful bid for its lots on The Praya Central. In 1908, the second Jardine House was built. It was rebuilt in around 1956, and reborn in the early 1970s as Wheelock House, current headquarters of Wheelock and Company Limited, controlling shareholder of The Wharf (Holdings) Limited, a major conglomerate in Hong Kong.
Current buildings
Current buildings along the street include:
Pedder Building
Wheelock House
The Landmark, an office and shopping development
Chater House
World-Wide House
References
External links
Central, Hong Kong
British Hong Kong
Roads on Hong Kong Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedder%20Street |
Area codes 215, 267, and 445 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for Philadelphia and adjacent portions of Bucks and Montgomery counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Area code 215 was one of the original North American area codes established in 1947, while 267 and 445 are overlay codes for the same numbering plan area (NPA).
History
When the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) organized the telephone networks of North American with a universal telephone numbering plan in 1947, Pennsylvania was divided into four numbering plan areas, which received the area codes 215, 412, 717, and 814.
Area code 215 was assigned to the Delaware and Lehigh Valleys in southeastern Pennsylvania, including the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
On January 8, 1994, the western and northern portions of the original 215 territory, i.e., Philadelphia's western suburbs, most of Berks County, and the Lehigh Valley, changed to area code 610, while Philadelphia and its northern suburbs retained 215. However, three central office codes were moved from 215 to east-central Pennsylvania's 717, namely 267 in Denver, 484 in Adamstown and 445 in Terre Hill, with 215-267 becoming 717-336 because 717-267 was already in use. These exchanges were originally slated to move into 610, but were served by non-Bell telephone companies which sought to consolidate their eastern Pennsylvania customers into one area code.
This was intended as a long-term solution, but within two years 215 was close to exhaustion due to the rapid growth of the Philadelphia area and the proliferation of cell phones and pagers. For relief, area code 267 was established as an overlay on the 215 numbering plan area on July 1, 1997. Local calls across the Delaware/Pennsylvania border required ten-digit dialing.
Area code 445 was first proposed in July 2000 as an overlay code on numbering plan area 215/267. However, these plans were delayed and then rescinded in 2003 by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission. The need for new phone numbers in area codes 215/267 was delayed until 2018. Area code 445 was activated as an additional overlay code on February 3, 2018. This had the effect of assigning 23 million telephone numbers to a service territory of four million people. Despite Philadelphia's continued growth, 215/267/445 is nowhere near exhaustion. The most recent NANP exhaust projections do not list an exhaust date for the 215/267/445 territory, meaning that Philadelphia may not need a fourth area code until beyond 2050.
Service area
The service area comprises all or parts of five counties in Pennsylvania.
Berks County (extreme eastern portion)
Bucks County (all but northeastern portion, which is served by area codes 610, 484, and 835)
Lehigh County (extreme southern portion)
Montgomery County (northern and eastern area, rest of county served by area codes 610, 484, and 835)
Philadelphia County (all)
Places with over 30,000 inhabitants:
Abington
Bensalem
Bristol
Cheltenham
Falls
Lower Makefield
Northampton
Philadelphia
Warminster
See also
List of Pennsylvania area codes
List of NANP area codes
References
External links
List of Pennsylvania area codes
215
215
Philadelphia
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20215%2C%20267%2C%20and%20445 |
The 14th Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards, given on 7 November 2004, in Sydney, which honoured the best in film for 2004.
Winners
Credits:
Best Film: Somersault produced by Anthony Anderson
Best Director: Cate Shortland for Somersault
Best Cinematography: Robert Humphreys for Somersault
Best Editor: Ken Sallows for Tom White
Best Actor – Lead Role: Colin Friels for Tom White
Best Actress – Lead Role: Abbie Cornish for Somersault
Best Actor – Supporting Role: Dan Spielman for Tom White
Best Actress – Supporting Role: Lynette Curran for Somersault
Best Screenplay – Adapted: Rolf de Heer for The Old Man Who Read Love Stories
Best Screenplay – Original: Daniel Keene for Tom White
Best Music Score: David Hobson, Josh Abrahams, Lisa Gerrard for One Perfect Day
Best Foreign Film - English Language: Lost in Translation directed by Sofia Coppola
Best Foreign Language Film: The Barbarian Invasions (Les invasions barbares) directed by Denys Arcand
Best Feature Documentary: The Men Who Would Conquer China directed by Nick Torrens, Jane St Vincent Welch
Best Short Documentary: Mr Patterns directed by Catriona McKenzie
Best Short Film: Birthday Boy directed by Sejong Park
Emerging Talent: Sejong Park
References
External links
Film Critics Circle Of Australia
2004 in Australian cinema
Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
A | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20Critics%20Circle%20of%20Australia%20Awards%202004 |
The Norwegian military have been deployed in countries other than Norway many times, most of them during and after World War II. After 1947, Norway has participated in over 40 military operations abroad and over 120,000 Norwegian troops served in these operations. As of early 2006, 550 Norwegian troops were deployed abroad.
The constitution of Norway
Article 25 of the constitution states:
The King is Commander-in-Chief of the land and naval forces of the Realm. These forces may not be increased or reduced without the consent of the Storting. They may not be transferred to the service of foreign powers, nor may the military forces of any foreign power, except auxiliary forces assisting against hostile attack, be brought into the Realm without the consent of the Storting.
The territorial army and the other troops which cannot be classed as troops of the line must never, without the consent of the Storting, be employed outside the borders of the Realm.
This article also applies to the Air Force. It is not mentioned because Norway did not have an Air Force in 1814. This article has sometimes been quoted by people who do not wish Norway to participate in military operations abroad. They interpret it as outlawing Norwegian troops leaving Norway. However the vast majority of politicians and jurists disagree.
List of operations
This list is not complete. This list is in the order of start year of the operation. Numbers exceeding 1 000 troops are bolded. Numbers exceeding 100 troops are in emphasis.
Country/Area, Conflict/Operation, Duration, Number of troops in total, Number of troops today.
Before 1940
Schleswig-Holstein, Seven Years' War, 1756-1763, half the Norwegian army, 0
During World War II
This part of the list is very incomplete. See Norway during World War II.
Atlantic ocean, Battle of the Atlantic, 1940-1945,?,0
France, Allied invasion of Normandy, 1944, 1 950, 0
After 1945
Germany, Allied post-war occupation of Germany, 1947-1953, ca. 50 000, 0 (see also: Tysklandsbrigaden)
Greece, UNSCOB, 1947, 1, 0
India and Pakistan, UNMOGIP, 1949-1994, 140, 0
Korea, NORMASH, 1951-1954, 623, 0
Gaza, UNEF 1, 1956-1957, 10 989, 0
Middle East, UNTSO, 1956-today, 617, 13
Lebanon, UNOGIL, 1958, 54, 0
Congo, ONUC, 1960-1964, 1 173, 0
Yemen, UNYOM, 1963-1964, 7, 0
Lebanon, UNIFIL, 1978-1999, 34 166, 0
Sinai, MFO, 1982-today, 100, 3
Angola, UNAVEM I, II, III, 1988-1997, 69,0
Iran and Iraq, UNIIMOG, 1988-1991, 35, 0
Persian Gulf, Operation Desert Storm, 1991-1992, 350, 0
Iraq and Kuwait, UNIKOM, 1991-1994, 169, 0
Somalia, UNOSOM I, II, 1991-1995, 260, 0
El Salvador, ONUSAL, 1992, 1, 0
Croatia, UNPROFOR, 1992-1995, 4 401, 0
Adriatic sea, Operation Sharp Guard, 1993-1995, ca. 400, 0
Bosnia-Herzegovina, IFOR, 1995-1996, 1 777, 0
Croatia, UNPF, 1995-1996, 162, 0
Macedonia, UNPREDEP, 1995-1999, 808, 0
Croatia, UNTAES, 1996-1998, 16, 0
Bosnia-Herzegovina, UNMIBH, 1996-?, 4, 0
Kosovo, KFOR, 1996-2004, 3 650, 0
Guatemala, MINUGUA, 1997, 3, 0
Angola, MONUA, 1997-1999, 24, 0
Bosnia-Herzegovina, OSCE, 1997-2000, 5, 0
Croatia/Prevlaka, UNMOP, 1996-1998, 9, 0
Bosnia-Herzegovina, OSCE, 1997-2000, 5, 0
Sierra Leone, UNOMSIL, 1998-1999, unknown
Kosovo, OSCE, 1998-1999, 5, 0
East-Timor, INTERFET, 1999, 6, 0
East-Timor, UNTAET, 1999-2002, 18, 0
Kosovo, UNMIK, 1999-today, 12, 1
Naples, Allied Force, 1999, 250, 0
Albania, AFOR, 1999, 10, 0
Sierra Leone, UNAMSIL, 1999-2000, 7, 0
Congo, MONUC, 2000-2003, 10, 0
Ethiopia and Eritrea, UNMEE, 2000-today, 25, 5
Afghanistan, ISAF Enduring Freedom, 2001-2021, ca. 2 500, 0
Kyrgyzstan, Enduring Freedom, 2002-2003, 210, 0
Sudan, JMC/VMT, 2002-2005, 6, 0
Macedonia, Allied Harmony EU, 2003, 5, 0
Iraq, MNF-I, 2003-2004, 160, 0
Baltic states, Baltic Air Policing, 2004-2005, 85, 0
Mediterranean Sea, Operation Active Endeavour, 2004-today, 200, 43
Bosnia-Herzegovina, EUFOR Operation Althea, 2004-today, 20, 21
Iraq, NTM-I, 2005, 13, 0
Sudan, UNMIS, 2005-today, 27, 27
Norway also assisted in the 2011 military intervention in Libya, in a controversial decision by the governing Labour Party where the Royal Norwegian Air Force dropped 588 bombs on Libyan soil, more than any other country participating in the intervention.
References
Sources
Norwegian Defence 2006,
Operations abroad
Military operations involving Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian%20military%20operations%20abroad |
Steven Michael Novak (born June 13, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player who is currently a television analyst for the Milwaukee Bucks on Fox Sports Wisconsin. He is listed as 6'10", 225 lbs. He played college basketball at Marquette University. Novak split time at both small forward and power forward. He was the NBA regular season leader in three point percentage during the 2011–12 season.
High school career
Born in Libertyville, Illinois, Novak attended Brown Deer High School in Brown Deer, Wisconsin. As a junior, he averaged 22.2 points, 12.0 rebounds, and 3.4 blocked shots per game. During his senior season as a 6'9 205 lbs Forward, Novak averaged 20.6 points, 10.4 rebounds, and 5.0 assists per game. Throughout his high school basketball career, he earned four letters. In 2002, Novak was named the Wisconsin High School Boys' Basketball Player of the Year.
Considered a four-star recruit by Scout.com, Novak was listed as the No. 17 small forward and the No. 62 player in the nation in 2002.
College career
Novak began his college basketball career at Marquette University in 2002–03. He saw action in all 33 games and averaged 6.7 points per game. He wore jersey number 20. He also shot 50.5% from the three-point line. As a freshman, Novak played in the Final Four, alongside future NBA players Dwyane Wade and Travis Diener.
Novak started 29 of the 32 games in the 2003–04 season. He averaged 12.5 points per game along with 4.6 rebounds per game. Novak also shot 91.2% from the free throw line.
During the 2004–05 season, Novak started 29 of the 31 games. He improved his average to 13.5 points per game and also was third on the team with 4.1 rebounds per game.
The 2005–06 season saw an overall improvement in Novak's game. He led the team in points per game by averaging 17.5. In addition to this he averaged 5.9 rebounds per game and shot 97.4% from the foul line. Novak's top performances included a 41-point, 16-rebound effort in Marquette's 94–79 upset of then #2 UConn in Marquette's inaugural Big East contest, and a game-winning 18-foot jumper with 1.1 seconds left to cap a 28-point effort in a 67–65 victory over Notre Dame.
In March 2006, Novak competed and won the ESPN college three-point shooting contest at Hinkle Field House in Indianapolis, Indiana.
He graduated with a BA in Communication studies from Marquette University.
Professional career
Houston Rockets (2006–2008)
On June 28, 2006, Novak was selected with the 32nd overall pick of the 2006 NBA draft by the Houston Rockets. He ended his rookie season (2006–07) with averages of 1.5 points and 0.7 rebounds in 5.5 minutes per game. He was not active on the Houston Rockets' playoff roster.
During the 2007–08 season, Novak was assigned to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, an NBA Development League team. On December 16, 2007, the Rockets recalled him from the Development League, where he had spent a month.
On February 13, 2008, Novak scored a game winning 3-pointer vs. the Sacramento Kings to win the game 89–87 with 2.5 seconds left, keeping the Rockets' historic 22-game winning streak alive. It was his only basket of the game.
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2010)
On August 6, 2008, the Rockets traded Novak to the Los Angeles Clippers for the option to exchange second round draft picks in the 2011 NBA draft. On March 15, 2009, Novak hit a 3-pointer at the buzzer to beat the New Jersey Nets, 107–105.
Dallas Mavericks (2010–2011)
On September 22, 2010, Novak signed a free agent deal with the Dallas Mavericks. On January 5, 2011, he was released by the team.
San Antonio Spurs (2011)
On February 4, 2011, Novak was acquired by the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Development League, but only three days later he was called up by the San Antonio Spurs on a 10-day contract. On February 22, he was signed to a second 10-day contract and on March 4, 2011, the Spurs signed Novak for the rest of the season. Novak was released by the Spurs on December 19.
New York Knicks (2011–2013)
Novak signed with the New York Knicks for the veteran's minimum of $1.4 million on December 21, 2011. At the end of the 2011-12 NBA season, Novak led the league in 3-point percentage at 47.2% and tied Kevin Durant for third in total 3-point shots made (133). He became an unrestricted free agent at the end of the season. On July 9, 2012, Novak agreed to re-sign with New York for a four-year deal worth $15 million. While playing with New York, Steve Novak accrued a large fanbase. Walt Frazier nicknamed him "Novakaine" after the drug Novocain. Novak competed in the 2012-13 Foot Locker Three-Point Contest during All-Star Weekend. His turnover percentage of 2.63 turnovers committed per 100 plays during the 2012–13 season is the lowest single-season turnover percentage in league history. The NBA did not start recording individual turnovers until the 1977–78 season.
Toronto Raptors (2013–2014)
On July 10, 2013, Novak, Marcus Camby, Quentin Richardson, a future first round draft pick, and two future second round draft picks were traded from the Knicks to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Andrea Bargnani.
Utah Jazz (2014–2015)
On July 10, 2014, Novak was traded, along with a 2017 second round pick, to the Utah Jazz in exchange for Diante Garrett.
Oklahoma City Thunder (2015–2016)
On February 19, 2015, Novak was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in a three-team deal that also involved the Detroit Pistons.
On February 18, 2016, Novak was traded, along with D. J. Augustin, two second-round picks and cash considerations, to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for Randy Foye. He was waived by the Nuggets the next day.
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–2017)
On February 22, 2016, Novak signed with the Milwaukee Bucks. He appeared in three games for the Bucks before a left knee injury suffered on February 27 against the Detroit Pistons ruled him out for the rest of the season.
On August 29, 2016, Novak re-signed with the Bucks. On February 2, 2017, he was waived by the Bucks.
Post-retirement
Following the end of Novak's playing career, he attended NBPA Sportscaster U. to gauge his skill and interest in broadcasting. Shortly after completing courses at Sportscaster U., Bucks' President Peter Feigin offered Novak a role on the Bucks' broadcast team. On September 20, 2017, it was announced that Novak would be joining Fox Sports Wisconsin as a pre- and post-game analyst for Milwaukee Bucks broadcasts. On occasion, Novak also commentates Wisconsin Herd games, the Bucks' NBA G League team.
Achievements and awards
2001–02 – Gatorade Wisconsin High School Boys Basketball Player of the Year
2002–03 – Conference USA All-Freshman Team
2002–03 – Conference USA Sixth Man of the Year
2004 – NIT All-Star Team
2005–06 – All-Big East Conference First Team Unanimous Selection
2005–06 – NCAA 3-Point Shootout Winner
2005–06 – Number 20 retired at Brown Deer High School
Holds Marquette career mark for three-point field goals made (354)
Holds Marquette record with 68 consecutive free throws made (3rd best in NCAA Division I history)
2011–12 – Led the NBA in three-point field-goal percentage
Career statistics
NBA
Regular season
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Houston
| 35 || 1 || 5.5 || .360 || .333 || 1.000 || .7 || .2 || .1 || .0 || 1.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Houston
| 35 || 0 || 7.5 || .480 || .479 || .750 || 1.0 || .2 || .1 || .1 || 3.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | L.A. Clippers
| 71 || 3 || 16.4 || .444 || .416 || .913 || 1.8 || .6 || .3 || .1 || 6.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | L.A. Clippers
| 54 || 0 || 6.7 || .389 || .310 || .778 || .6 || .1 || .1 || .0 || 2.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Dallas
| 7 || 0 || 2.6 || .500 || .750 || – || .7 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 1.6
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 23 || 0 || 8.6 || .525 || .548 || 1.000 || 1.0 || .1 || .0 || .2 || 4.0
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New York
| 54 || 0 || 18.9 || .478 || style="background:#cfecec;"|.472*|| .846 || 1.9 || .2 || .3 || .2 || 8.8
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New York
| 81 || 1 || 20.3 || .414 || .425 || .909 || 1.9 || .4 || .3 || .1 || 6.6
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 54 || 1 || 10.0 || .411 || .426 || 1.000 || 1.1 || .2 || .2 || .1 || 3.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Utah
| 22 || 0 || 5.0 || .457 || .485 || .000 || .7 || .3 || .0 || .0 || 2.2
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Oklahoma City
| 13 || 0 || 6.8 || .286 || .200 || – || .5 || .4 || .0 || .1 || 1.2
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Oklahoma City
| 7 || 0 || 3.4 || .500 || .556 || – || .6 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 2.4
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Milwaukee
| 3 || 0 || 6.7 || .333 || .333 || 1.000 || .3 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 2.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Milwaukee
| 8 || 0 || 2.8 || .286 || .167 || – || .4 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .6
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"| Career
| 467 || 6 || 12.1 || .437 || .430 || .877 || 1.3 || .3 || .2 || .1 || 4.7
Playoffs
|-
| align="left" | 2008
| align="left" | Houston
| 3 || 0 || 7.0 || .750 || .667 || – || .7 || .0 || .0 || .3 || 2.7
|-
| align="left" | 2011
| align="left" | San Antonio
| 1 || 0 || 6.0 || – || – || – || 1.0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0
|-
| align="left" | 2012
| align="left" | New York
| 5 || 1 || 19.0 || .444 || .571 || – || 3.0 || .0 || .0 || .2 || 2.4
|-
| align="left" | 2013
| align="left" | New York
| 9 || 0 || 5.6 || .538 || .444 || – || .4 || .0 || .1 || .0 || 2.0
|-
| align="left" | 2014
| align="left" | Toronto
| 4 || 0 || 3.8 || .000 || .000 || – || 1.3 || .3 || .0 || .0 || .0
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"| Career
| 22 || 1 || 8.5 || .483 || .455 || – || 1.2 || .0 || .0 || .1 || 1.7
D-League
Source
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2007–08
| style="text-align:left;"| Rio Grande
| 9 || 7 || 39.3 || .468 || .450 || .909 || 7.3 || 1.8 || .3 || .4 || 18.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010–11
| style="text-align:left;"| Reno
| 2 || 0 || 29.0 || .684 || .643 || .400 || 6.5 || 1.0 || .0 || .0 || 18.5
|- class="sortbottom"
|style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 11 || 7 || 37.5 || .497 || .486 || .815 || 7.2 || 1.6 || .3 || .4 || 18.4
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2002–03
| style="text-align:left;"|Marquette
| 33 || 0 || 15.5 || .504 || .505 || .939 || 2.2 || .5 || .2 || .0 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2003–04
| style="text-align:left;"|Marquette
| 31 || 29 || 29.5 || .407 || .430 || .912 || 4.6 || 1.3 || .7 || .1 || 12.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2004–05
| style="text-align:left;"|Marquette
| 31 || 29 || 29.9 || .457 || .461 || .905 || 4.1 || .9 || .5 || .1 || 13.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2005–06
| style="text-align:left;"|Marquette
| 31 || 31 || 33.8 || .477 || .467 || .974 || 5.9 || 1.3 || .6 || .1 || 17.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 126 || 89 || 27.0 || .456 || .461 || .931 || 4.2 || 1.0 || .5 || .1 || 12.4
See also
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Chicago
Basketball players from Milwaukee
Dallas Mavericks players
Houston Rockets draft picks
Houston Rockets players
Los Angeles Clippers players
Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball players
Milwaukee Bucks players
New York Knicks players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
People from Libertyville, Illinois
Basketball players from Lake County, Illinois
Power forwards (basketball)
Reno Bighorns players
Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
San Antonio Spurs players
Small forwards
Toronto Raptors players
Utah Jazz players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Novak |
"Scream Like a Baby" is a song written by David Bowie. It appears on the 1980 album Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps).
Music and lyrics
The song focuses on a protagonist called Sam who is evidently being held, along with the track's narrator, in a political prison. Though set in the future, the story is related in the past tense, in a fashion Bowie has described as "future nostalgia... A past look at something that hasn't happened yet". Musically the song is noted for its "ultra-modern new wave guitar/synth sound", as well as for Bowie's use of varispeed vocals to illustrate Sam's downward spiral in the prison hospital – according to NME critics Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray, the effect is "as if the narrator of 'All the Madmen' inhabited the world of '1984'".
"Scream Like a Baby" was one of several tracks on Scary Monsters that evolved from pieces Bowie had written years before. It was originally composed in 1973, with different lyrics, as "I Am a Laser" for The Astronettes (Ava Cherry, Geoffrey MacCormack and Jason Guess). Bowie worked on an album for the group but it was eventually dropped, finally surfacing in 1995 as the Ava Cherry album People from Bad Homes; "I Am a Laser" was one of the tracks.
Bowie intended to play the song during his 1987 Glass Spider Tour, but dropped the song from the set list before the tour started.
Other releases
It was released as the B-side of the single "Fashion" in October 1980.
Personnel
According to Chris O'Leary:
David Bowie – lead and backing vocals
Carlos Alomar – guitar
Andy Clark – synthesizer
George Murray – bass
Dennis Davis – drums
Production
David Bowie – producer
Tony Visconti – producer
Notes
David Bowie songs
1980 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Song recordings produced by David Bowie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scream%20Like%20a%20Baby |
The Sherwood Point lighthouse is a lighthouse located near Idlewild in Door County, Wisconsin, United States.
Situated on the west side of the north entrance to Sturgeon Bay, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter. The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes. Macmillan, 1943.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses. Gwinn, MI: Avery Color Studios, 1998. .
Sapulski, Wayne S. Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present. Fowlerville, MI: Wilderness Adventure Books, 2001. .
Wright, Larry and Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia. Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006. .
References
External links
Sherwood Point Lighthouse, Door County Maritime Museum
Pepper, Terry, Seeing the light, Sherwood Point Light Station (Archived May 9, 2021)
Lighthouse friends article
NPS Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Wisconsin (Archived October 9, 2012)
Historic American Engineering Record in Wisconsin
Lighthouses completed in 1883
Lighthouses in Door County, Wisconsin
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Door County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood%20Point%20Light |
Walter Schlesinger (April 28, 1908, Glauchau – June 10, 1984, Weimar-Wolfshausen, near Marburg) was a German historian of medieval social and economic institutions, particularly in the context of German regional history ("Landesgeschichte"). Schlesinger is widely recognized as one of the most influential and prolific scholars of medieval social history in the post-war period.
Education and career
Schlesinger received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig under Rudolf Kötzschke in 1935 and completed his second post-graduate thesis (Habilitation) under the renowned medieval historian Hermann Heimpel in 1940. Following service in the Wehrmacht and after recovering from serious injuries received during the war, Schlesinger briefly taught at the University of Leipzig, but was made to resign in 1945 due to his membership of the Nazi Party. After working for several years as an independent scholar, he was rehabilitated and taught in several West German universities, including Berlin and Frankfurt (Main). In 1964, he was awarded the chair in medieval history at the University of Marburg, where he remained until his death in 1984.
Military service
Like many academics of his generation, the young Schlesinger was an ardent nationalist and became a member of the Nazi Party as early as 1929. Both his teachers, Kötzschke and Heimpel, held similar views. By the mid-1930s, however, Schlesinger found himself increasingly at odds with the Party's ideology. His decision to write his Habilitation in medieval history under Heimpel came after a bitter falling out with Kötzschke's successor as professor of Landesgeschichte, the ardent Nazi historian and racial theorist Adolf Helbok. Though disillusioned with the Nazi regime, Schlesinger nonetheless joined the Wehrmacht in 1940 and was assigned a staff job that allowed him to continue his research and writing. However, when a letter he had written to his wife containing his candid views of the government and the war was intercepted by censors, he was punished by being assigned to a high-risk battalion fighting anti-Nazi forces in the Balkans.
Scholarship
Schlesinger was an active and prolific scholar who contributed to many fields of medieval history. His Habilitationschrift was published as Die Entstehung der Landesherrschaft (The Origins of Regional Lordship) in 1941 and became one of the most influential works on German social history in the post-war period. Entstehung dealt with the rise of the regional nobility in central Germany following the collapse of the Carolingian Empire. Schlesinger challenged earlier understandings about the foundations of comital (count's) power in the early Middle Ages, which had focused narrowly on office-holding and legal jurisdictions. Great regional lords in German lands, argued Schlesinger, did not come to power by assuming and privatising the privileges of public offices—such as that of the duke or count—they had held under the Frankish monarchy, but drew power from their own private family lands and the customary legal authority they exercised as leaders of a band of vassals and subjects in a manner reminiscent of the ancient Germanic warrior-chieftain. This thesis stood in sharp contrast to that being promoted by another rising young scholar, Gerd Tellenbach, who believed that the nobility of France and Germany owed their origins to Frankish aristocrats placed in high positions over regions conquered by the Carolingians in the eighth and ninth centuries.
Schlesinger argued in his work for the enduring influence of old Germanic attitudes about loyalty and leadership that produced a unique social structure and forms of political organization in German lands. This ethno-cultural view of the history and formation of legal and political institutions was strongly represented among a number of nationalistically-oriented German and Austrian medievalists of Schlesinger's generation, including Karl Bosl, Theodor Mayer, and Otto Brunner. Schlesinger's theories about Germanic ethnicity and its influence on law and authority in medieval society were later critiqued by scholars like the Czech medievalist Frantisek Graus and the legal historian Karl Kroeschell.
Schlesinger himself effectively attacked certain prevailing historical ideas as well. In a famous lecture delivered in 1963, Schlesinger sharply criticized the politically-charged field of Ostforschung ("East[European] Studies"), which had for a long time, but particularly during the Third Reich, served as a thinly-veiled effort to lend scientific credibility to anti-Slavic prejudice and German domination of Poland and other parts of eastern Europe. Schlesinger insisted that the traditional paradigm of Ostforschung had been discredited and should be replaced by a broader, more interdisciplinary and historically rigorous study of East-Central Europe on its own terms, not as a tool of German politics. Accordingly, Schlesinger wrote extensively on settlement along the German-Slavic frontiers in the Middle Ages, as well as on the development of bishoprics and towns in the Saxon and Slavic areas of eastern Germany, paying particular attention to local and regional contexts for economic and demographic change. He made seminal contributions early on as well to the important Repertorium der Deutschen Königspfalzen project, which assembled detailed archaeological and historical studies of the sites which had served as royal estates or waystations on the tours of the medieval German kings.
Selected works
Die Entstehung der Landesherrschaft. Untersuchungen vorwiegend nach mitteldeutschen Quellen (1941)
Kirchengeschichte Sachsens im Mittelalter (Cologne & Graz, 1962)
Beiträge zur deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte des Mittelalters, 2 vols. (1963)
"Randbemerkungen zu drei Aufsätzen über Sippe, Gefolgschaft und Treue," in: Alteuropa und die moderne Gesellschaft, Festschrift für Otto Brunner (Göttingen, 1963), pp. 11–59.
(as editor) Die deutsche Ostsiedlung des Mittelalters als Problem der europäischen Geschichte, Vorträge und Forschungen 18 (Sigmaringen 1975).
"Zur Geschichte der Magdeburger Königspfalz," in: Walter Schlesinger: Ausgewählte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Forschungen 34 (Sigmaringen 1987), pp. 315–346.
References
1908 births
1984 deaths
People from Glauchau
People from the Kingdom of Saxony
Nazi Party members
Marburg-Biedenkopf
20th-century German historians
German male non-fiction writers
German military personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Schlesinger |
Pedder may refer to
Persons
John Pedder (c1520−1571), English priest
John Lewes Pedder (1784–1859), Chief Justice of Tasmania
Geography
Pedder's Hill, a hill west of Government Hill in Hong Kong
Pedder station, now part of Central MTR station in Hong Kong
Pedder Street in Central, Hong Kong
Lake Pedder, lake Tasmania, Australia
Animal
Pedder galaxias, Australian freshwater fish | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedder |
Sir Frederick Widdowson Doidge (26 February 1884 – 26 May 1954) was a journalist in New Zealand and England, then a National Party member in the New Zealand House of Representatives.
Biography
Early life and career
Doidge was born in Cootamundra, New South Wales, Australia. His father, Edwin Doidge, was a journalist in Thames, New Zealand, and founded the Cootamundra Liberal in August 1882 in competition with the Cootamundra Herald. Frederick Doidge received his training as a journalist from his father. Doidge came to New Zealand in 1902.
Political career
In the 1935 election, Doidge ran as an Independent in the electorate after having had a brief encounter with the anti-Labour New Zealand Democrat Party. Of the four candidates, he came second after Labour's Alexander Moncur. The next year he ran as the new National Party's candidate in the 1936 Manukau by-election, becoming the first National candidate to run for election in history. He was defeated by Labour candidate Arthur Osborne.
Doidge then represented the electorate of Tauranga for National from 1938 to 1951, when he retired.
He served as both Minister of External Affairs and Minister of Island Territories from 1950 to 1951 in the First National Government of New Zealand. Later, Doidge became New Zealand's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1951 until his death. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1953 New Year Honours, and awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.
Death
Doidge died in London on 26 May 1954 from cancer.
References
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand foreign ministers
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
1884 births
1954 deaths
Australian emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand people of World War I
New Zealand Democrat Party (1934) politicians
High commissioners of New Zealand to the United Kingdom
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
People from the Riverina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Doidge |
Angela Faith Kinsey (born June 25, 1971) is an American actress. She played Angela Martin in the sitcom The Office (2005–2013) and appeared in the sitcoms Your Family or Mine (2015) and Haters Back Off (2016–2017). Since The Office, Kinsey has appeared in Netflix's Tall Girl, Disney+'s Be Our Chef, A.P. Bio, and is currently a panelist on MTV's Deliciousness. She is a podcast co-host of Office Ladies.
Early years
Kinsey was born in Lafayette, Louisiana. When she was two years old, her family moved to Jakarta, Indonesia, where her father worked as a drilling engineer. They lived there for 13 years, and she attended the Jakarta Intercultural School. During this time, she learned Indonesian, a language she still occasionally speaks. Her family returned to the United States and settled in Archer City, Texas when she was 14. Angela's family has deep roots in Texas dating back to the 1800s. Her 3x great-grandfather, William James Kuykendall fought for the Confederate army as part of Johnson's Mounted Volunteers.
Kinsey studied English at Baylor University, where she became a member of the Chi Omega sorority, "took as many theatre classes as possible", and participated in the "Baylor in London" program.
After graduating from Baylor in 1993, Kinsey served as an intern on the NBC talk show Late Night with Conan O'Brien, which she described as an "awesome" experience. She worked for the show's band leader, drummer Max Weinberg. The experience inspired Kinsey to take a coast-to-coast road trip with a friend from New York City to California.
Career
Kinsey moved to Los Angeles and took improvisation classes with The Groundlings and at iO West (formerly known as "Improv Olympic West"). Following a two-woman show at iO, she was an operator at 1-800-Dentist and made small one-episode appearances in various sitcoms. She voiced the character "Angela" on two episodes of King of the Hill. In early 2005, she auditioned for the role of receptionist Pam Beesly for the American version of The Office. After producers told her she was "a little too feisty for Pam" she was called back to audition for the role of Angela Martin, which she won. She also appeared on Monk as a murderer named Arlene Boras in "Mr. Monk and the Naked Man" (2007) and "Mr. Monk's 100th Case" (2008).
In June 2007, Kinsey shared in the Daytime Emmy Award "Outstanding Broadband Program – Comedy", for her work on The Office: Accountants, which is a series of webisodes.
Kinsey is one of several cast members of The Office to have a role in License to Wed, a film directed by Ken Kwapis, who often directed episodes of The Office. Kinsey updated her MySpace blog with behind-the-scenes anecdotes of upcoming episodes of the series. She also took to organizing The Office cast outings: "I remember watching Friends and thinking, 'They really enjoy each other.' We, in fact, hang out."
In summer 2011, she became the new spokesperson for Clairol hair products, appearing in television ads for Clairol Nice 'n Easy. In 2013, she guest starred in New Girl. Since 2014, Kinsey has starred in the Hulu comedy series The Hotwives, returning for season two on August 18, 2015. That same year, she starred in the film All-Stars with Lance Kinsey (no relation).
Kinsey stars in the Netflix Original Series Haters Back Off as Bethany, the mother of the main character Miranda Sings. She appears alongside YouTube star Colleen Ballinger, as Miranda, and Steve Little, as Miranda's uncle Jim. While the first season was met with relatively mixed reviews, Kinsey received critical acclaim for her performance. In 2019, Kinsey starred in the Netflix film Tall Girl and plays the mom to Ava Michelle's main character Jodi.
In 2020, Kinsey appeared as the host of Disney+'s Be Our Chef and as a panelist on MTV's Deliciousness.
On September 11, 2019, Kinsey announced via Twitter that she and Jenna Fischer would be co-hosting a weekly podcast called Office Ladies. According to Fischer's announcement, she and Kinsey "watch an episode of The Office and give you all the stories and behind-the-scenes scoop...as well as some BFF banter about our lives." The first episode of Office Ladies was released October 16, 2019. The podcast is still airing as of May 2023, with appearances from The Offices cast and crew. The podcast won Podcast of the Year at the iHeartRadio Podcast Awards 2021.
In 2021, Kinsey announced that she would be releasing a book, Office BFFs: Tales of The Office from Two Best Friends Who Were There, with former co-star Jenna Fischer, which was released in 2022.
Personal life
On June 18, 2000, she married writer and producer Warren Lieberstein. He is the brother of Paul Lieberstein, who played Toby Flenderson on The Office. She gave birth to their daughter in May 2008. On February 18, 2009, Kinsey and her husband separated. Her representative stated that the two continue to be friends. In June 2010, it was announced that Kinsey had filed for divorce, citing "irreconcilable differences."
On August 4, 2016, Kinsey announced her engagement to her long-term boyfriend, actor and baker Joshua Snyder. She is the step-mother to his two sons. On November 13, 2016, Kinsey married Snyder. Together, they have a YouTube channel and website called Baking with Josh & Ange.
Kinsey is Presbyterian. She has said her grandmother does not watch The Office because she feels the protagonist Michael Scott is too "vulgar". Kinsey said, "She'll say to me, 'Baby, we're so proud of you, I'm proud of you, but I do not care for the show and I do not watch it.
Kinsey supports Alley Cat Allies, a nonprofit advocacy organization dedicated to cats.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
PopGurls Interview: Angela Kinsey
1971 births
Actresses from Louisiana
Actresses from Texas
American film actresses
American Presbyterians
American television actresses
American women podcasters
American podcasters
Baylor University alumni
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Living people
People from Lafayette, Louisiana
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
People from Archer City, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela%20Kinsey |
No. 200 Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force special duties flight of World War II. The flight was formed in February 1945 to support the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB) and saw action over Borneo and the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) from March that year until the end of the war in August. No. 200 Flight was disbanded in December 1945.
History
From late 1943 B-24 Liberators of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 380th Bombardment Group were used on occasion to support Allied special operations units in the South West Pacific Area. In July two No. 24 Squadron RAAF B-24s were also modified to drop special operations personnel and conducted operations from Hollandia in this role during August.
In June 1944 it was proposed that a specialised RAAF unit be formed to provide air transport for the AIB's Z Special Unit. This proposal was supported, and No. 200 Flight was formed at Leyburn, Queensland on 20 February 1945. Many of the flight's air and ground crew were transferred to it from No. 99 Squadron. The flight was controlled by the AIB and was tasked with the insertion and supply of intelligence gathering parties behind Japanese lines. Due to the secrecy of these tasks personnel from the flight were forbidden to speak about their duties at any time. No. 200 Flight's six B-24 Liberators had been modified for the unit's specialised role. The main changes were the removal of the mid-upper and ball turrets and all armour plate, the replacement of the normal radar with a Rebecca radio set and the installation of a slide at the rear of the aircraft to drop personnel and supplies.
No. 200 Flight began training operations with Z Special Unit immediately upon formation. Despite the priority accorded to the unit, it experienced shortages of equipment and its accommodation and maintenance facilities at Leyburn were basic. By mid-March No. 200 Flight had a strength of nine eleven-man aircrews, 450 ground crew and six B-24s.
The flight began its first operations on 15 March 1945. On that day three B-24s (A72-191, A72-159 and A72-192) departed Leyburn for McGuire Field in Mindoro, where they arrived on 18 March, via Darwin and Morotai. After unsuccessful attempts on 21 and 22 March, two B-24s (A72-191 and A72-159) dropped a party of eight Z Special Unit personnel and equipment near Bario on 25 March but the aircraft (A72-191) flown by No. 200 Flight's commanding officer, Squadron Leader Harold Graham Pockley, disappeared on its way back to base with the loss of the 11 man crew and a British SOE officer, Major Henry. E. Ellis, who was attached to Z Special Unit. The two remaining Australian Liberators and United States Navy aircraft searched for this B-24 for two days, but did not locate its wreckage and returned to Leyburn on 30 March. No. 200 Flight continued to support Z Special Unit's operations (designated 'Semut 1') around Bario for the next few months, and eventually flew in 30 of the 42 personnel involved. Wing Commander E. V. Read succeeded Pockley on 15 April.
No. 200 Flight continued supporting AIB operations until the end of the war. On the night of 15/16 April three of its aircraft dropped personnel assigned to the Semut 2 operation in Borneo. It subsequently flew over 30 operations to drop AIB personnel and supplies in Borneo, Ambon, Lombok, Sumatra and Timor. These operations were successful, though the flight was hampered by the difficulty of locating its drop zones and inadequate support from the Australian First Tactical Air Force at Morotai, its main forward operational base. No. 200 Flight lost a further two B-24s in these operations; one was possibly shot down over Timor on 17 May and the other crashed either in or off the coast of north Borneo on or about 21 May. At least 46 men, including Z Special Unit operatives, were killed in the three aircraft which were lost, and this represented the highest loss rate of any of the RAAF's B-24 equipped units.
No. 200 Flight continued flying after the end of the war on 15 August 1945. It continued dropping AIB operatives and supplies until mid-October whereupon it was used to fly AIB personnel from Bougainville Island and Finschafen in New Guinea to Australia as well as to conduct courier flights. Mechanical problems were increasingly encountered in this period as a result of experienced personnel being discharged. No. 200 Flight's last sorties were made to drop leaflets and the unit was disbanded on 15 December 1945.
See also
B-24 Liberators in Australian service
References
Bibliography
Further reading
200
200
Military units and formations established in 1945
200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%20200%20Flight%20RAAF |
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points; in fact, only four points are necessary: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.
Explanation
The cardinal points lie on the optical axis of an optical system. Each point is defined by the effect the optical system has on rays that pass through that point, in the paraxial approximation. The paraxial approximation assumes that rays travel at shallow angles with respect to the optical axis, so that , , and . Aperture effects are ignored: rays that do not pass through the aperture stop of the system are not considered in the discussion below.
Focal points and planes
The front focal point of an optical system, by definition, has the property that any ray that passes through it will emerge from the system parallel to the optical axis. The rear (or back) focal point of the system has the reverse property: rays that enter the system parallel to the optical axis are focused such that they pass through the rear focal point.
The front and rear (or back) focal planes are defined as the planes, perpendicular to the optic axis, which pass through the front and rear focal points. An object infinitely far from the optical system forms an image at the rear focal plane. For an object at a finite distance, the image is formed at a different location, but rays that leave the object parallel to one another cross at the rear focal plane.
A diaphragm or "stop" at the rear focal plane of a lens can be used to filter rays by angle, since an aperture centred on the optical axis there will only pass rays that were emitted from the object at a sufficiently small angle from the optical axis. Using a sufficiently small aperture in the rear focal plane will make the lens object-space telecentric.
Similarly, the allowed range of angles on the output side of the lens can be filtered by putting an aperture at the front focal plane of the lens (or a lens group within the overall lens), and a sufficiently small aperture will make the lens image-space telecentric. This is important for DSLR cameras having CCD sensors. The pixels in these sensors are more sensitive to rays that hit them straight on than to those that strike at an angle. A lens that does not control the angle of incidence at the detector will produce pixel vignetting in the images.
Principal planes and points
The two principal planes of a lens have the property that a ray emerging from the lens appears to have crossed the rear principal plane at the same distance from the optical axis that the ray appeared to have crossed the front principal plane, as viewed from the front of the lens. This means that the lens can be treated as if all of the refraction happened at the principal planes, and rays travel parallel to the optical axis between the planes. (Linear magnification between the principal planes is +1.) The principal planes are crucial in defining the properties of an optical system, since the magnification of the system is determined by the distance from an object to the front principal plane and the distance from the rear principal plane to the object's image. The principal points are the points where the principal planes cross the optical axis.
If the medium surrounding an optical system has a refractive index of 1 (e.g., air or vacuum), then the distance from each principal plane to the corresponding focal point is just the focal length of the system. In the more general case, the distance to the foci is the focal length multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium.
For a thin lens in air, the principal planes both lie at the location of the lens. The point where they cross the optical axis is sometimes misleadingly called the optical centre of the lens. Note, however, that for a real lens the principal planes do not necessarily pass through the centre of the lens, and in general may not lie inside the lens at all.
Nodal points
The front and rear nodal points of a lens have the property that a ray aimed at one of them will be refracted by the lens such that it appears to have come from the other with the same angle to the optical axis. (Angular magnification between nodal points is +1.) The nodal points therefore do for angles what the principal planes do for transverse distance. If the medium on both sides of an optical system is the same (e.g., air or vacuum), then the front and rear nodal points coincide with the front and rear principal points, respectively.
The nodal points were first described by Johann Listing in 1845 to evaluate the human eye, where the image is formed in fluid. Over time it was found that if a line was drawn through the posterior apex of the crystalline lens at the visual angle of a distant object, then it would point to the image location on the retina, even for very large angles. This line passes approximately through the 2nd nodal point, but rather than being an actual paraxial ray, it identifies the image formed by ray bundles that pass through the centre of the pupil. This can be used to find the magnification, or to scale retinal locations. This extends the use of the nodal point for the eye, but the imaging properties come from the cornea and retina being highly curved, rather than paraxial properties, and this is rarely clear in publications.
The nodal points are widely misunderstood in photography, where it is commonly asserted that the light rays "intersect" at "the nodal point", that the iris diaphragm of the lens is located there, and that this is the correct pivot point for panoramic photography, so as to avoid parallax error. These claims generally arise from confusion about the optics of camera lenses, as well as confusion between the nodal points and the other cardinal points of the system. (A better choice of the point about which to pivot a camera for panoramic photography can be shown to be the centre of the system's entrance pupil. On the other hand, swing-lens cameras with fixed film position rotate the lens about the rear nodal point to stabilize the image on the film.)
Surface vertices
In optics, surface vertices are the points where each optical surface crosses the optical axis. They are important primarily because they are physically measurable parameters for the optical element positions, and so the positions of the cardinal points of the optical system must be known with respect to the surface vertices to describe the system.
In anatomy, the surface vertices of the eye's lens are called the anterior and posterior poles of the lens.
Modeling optical systems as mathematical transformations
In geometrical optics, for each object ray entering an optical system, a single and unique image ray exits from the system. In mathematical terms, the optical system performs a transformation that maps every object ray to an image ray. The object ray and its associated image ray are said to be conjugate to each other. This term also applies to corresponding pairs of object and image points and planes. The object and image rays, points, and planes are considered to be in two distinct optical spaces, object space and image space; additional intermediate optical spaces may be used as well.
Rotationally symmetric optical systems; optical axis, axial points, and meridional planes
An optical system is rotationally symmetric if its imaging properties are unchanged by any rotation about some axis. This (unique) axis of rotational symmetry is the optical axis of the system. Optical systems can be folded using plane mirrors; the system is still considered to be rotationally symmetric if it possesses rotational symmetry when unfolded. Any point on the optical axis (in any space) is an axial point.
Rotational symmetry greatly simplifies the analysis of optical systems, which otherwise must be analyzed in three dimensions. Rotational symmetry allows the system to be analyzed by considering only rays confined to a single transverse plane containing the optical axis. Such a plane is called a meridional plane; it is a cross-section through the system.
Ideal, rotationally symmetric, optical imaging system
An ideal, rotationally symmetric, optical imaging system must meet three criteria:
All rays "originating" from each object point converge to a single and unique image point (Imaging is stigmatic).
Object planes perpendicular to the optical axis are conjugate to image planes perpendicular to the axis.
The image of an object confined to a plane normal to the axis is geometrically similar to the object.
In some optical systems imaging is stigmatic for one or perhaps a few object points, but to be an ideal system imaging must be stigmatic for every object point. In an ideal system, every object point maps to a different image point.
Unlike rays in mathematics, optical rays extend to infinity in both directions. Rays are real when they are in the part of the optical system to which they apply, and are virtual elsewhere. For example, object rays are real on the object side of the optical system, while image rays are real on the image side of the system. In stigmatic imaging, an object ray intersecting any specific point in object space must be conjugate to an image ray intersecting the conjugate point in image space. A consequence is that every point on an object ray is conjugate to some point on the conjugate image ray.
Geometrical similarity implies the image is a scale model of the object. There is no restriction on the image's orientation; the image may be inverted or otherwise rotated with respect to the object.
Focal and afocal systems, focal points
Afocal systems have no focal points, principal points, or nodal points. In such systems an object ray parallel to the optical axis is conjugate to an image ray parallel to the optical axis. A system is focal if an object ray parallel to the axis is conjugate to an image ray that intersects the optical axis. The intersection of the image ray with the optical axis is the focal point F' in image space. Focal systems also have an axial object point F such that any ray through F is conjugate to an image ray parallel to the optical axis. F is the object space focal point of the system.
Transformation
The transformation between object space and image space is completely defined by the cardinal points of the system, and these points can be used to map any point on the object to its conjugate image point.
See also
Film plane
Pinhole camera model
Radius of curvature (optics)
Vergence (optics)
Notes and references
Pages 74–76 define the cardinal points.
External links
Learn to use TEM
Geometrical optics
Geometric centers
Science of photography
de:Brennebene | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20point%20%28optics%29 |
(, ) is an Arabic-language term used by some Muslims to refer to the alterations that are believed to have been made to the previous revelations of God—specifically those that make up the Tawrat (or Torah), the Zabur (or Psalms) and the Injil (or Gospel). It is also used to refer to what Muslims consider to be the corrupted Jewish and Christian interpretations of the previous revelations of God, known as “Tahrif al-Mana”. This position does not hold that the previous revelations of God were altered in text.
Origin
Tahrif in meaning and not text was first characterised in the writings al-Kasim b. Ibrahim (9th century), who made the claim that the corruption was not in the text of the previous revelations, but in the interpretations of the Jews and Christians. The corruption of interpretation is referred to as "Tahrif al-mana".
Likewise, early quranic exegete Al-Tabari also rejected tahrif of the text and referred to the Jewish Torah in his words as "the Torah that they possess today".
It is worthy to note however that the companion Ibn Abbas did make some statements that imply he believed the scriptures of ‘the people of the book’ were distorted. In Sahih Bukhari he is quoted saying as narrated by Ubaidullah:
The corruption of the Biblical text was first explicated by Ibn Hazm (11th century), who popularized the concept of "Tahrif al-nass," or corruption of the text. Ibn Hazm rejected claims of Mosaic authorship and posited that Ezra was the author of the Torah.
He systematically organised the arguments against the authenticity of the Biblical text in the first (Tanakh) and second part (New Testament) of his book: Chronological and geographical inaccuracies and contradictions; theological impossibilities (anthropomorphic expressions, stories of fornication and whoredom, and the attributing of sins to prophets), as well as lack of reliable transmission (tawatur) of the text.
He explains how the falsification of the Torah could have taken place while there existed only one copy of the Torah kept by the Aaronic priesthood of the Temple in Jerusalem.
Ibn Hazm's arguments had a major impact upon Muslim literature and scholars, and the themes that he raised with regard to tahrif and other polemical ideas were modified slightly by some later authors.
Types
Amin Ahsan Islahi writes about four types of tahrif:
To deliberately interpret something in a manner that is opposite to the author's intention. To distort the pronunciation of a word to such an extent that the word changes completely.
To add to or delete a sentence or discourse in a manner that distorts the original meaning. For example, according to Muslim tradition, the Jews altered the incident of the migration of Abraham in a manner that no one could prove that Abraham had any relationship with the Kaaba.
To translate a word that has two meanings in the meaning that is against the context. For example, the Aramaic word used for Jesus that is equivalent to the was translated as "son" whereas it also meant "servant" and "slave".
To raise questions about something that is absolutely clear in order to create uncertainty about it, or to change it completely.
See also
Biblical inerrancy
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
Criticism of the Quran
Great and abominable church - Mormon equivalent doctrine
Islamic holy books
Internal consistency of the Bible
Naskh
Supersessionism
Textual variants in the New Testament
Notes
External links
Corruption in the Bible: The Muslim Stance
Is The Bible Corrupted?
What the Gospels Mean to Muslims
Islam and other religions
Islamic terminology
Supersessionism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahrif |
Principal point may refer to:
Principal point (optics), in optics
Pinhole camera principal point, in the analysis of pinhole cameras
Principal Point, the southeast end of Wiencke Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20point |
Dikran Kelekian (December 27, 1867 – January 1951), was a notable collector and dealer of Islamic art. The son of an Armenian banker from Kayseri, Dikran Kelekian and his brother Kevork set themselves up in the antiquities business in Istanbul in 1892. The next year, Dikiran came to the United States as a commissioner for the Persian Paviliaon at the World's Columbia Exposition in Chicago. He soon established shops in New York, Paris, London, and Cairo, where he and his brother flourished as vendors selling works of art and antiquities.
In 1900, Kelekian apparently served as a member of the jury for the Universal Exposition in Paris, and in 1903 he lent a number of his works to the Exposition of Muslim Arts at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs, which was also in Paris. The following year, he participated in the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, mounting a large display of his wares and accompanying the display with an illustrated catalogue. Already by this time Kelekian seems to have been recognized by the shah of Iran for his efforts to promote Persian art and culture, and he had added the honorific title of Khan between his first and last names.
Eventually, Kelekian became an American citizen, adding another country of allegiance to those of his heritage (Armenia), his birth (Turkey), and his professional interest and recognition (Iran).
An expert in Islamic, and particularly Persian, pottery, he was actively involved in the sale of medieval Islamic ceramics following the finds in Rayy in the late 1880s to early 1890s, as well as the excavations begun in Raqqa in 1896 and Sultanabad and Varamin in 1905.
One author sketched his character like so: "He is a creature so curiously compounded that, under his grim and sometimes awesome visage, he combines, in one person, the qualities of a Persian satrap and a properly accredited archangel, of Genghis Khan and the Chevalier Bayard, of Thor, the God of Thunder and Saint Francis of Assisi."
Kelekian was a member of the Central Board of Directors of the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) and in 1909 he funded an AGBU orphanage bearing his name in Deort Yol (in modern-day Turkey) for Armenian refugees fleeing the Adana Massacre.
He was also a major donor to AGBU's various activities to save Armenians that survived the Armenian genocide.
Kelekian died in January 1951 when he fell from the twenty-third floor of the Hotel St. Moritz in New York.
References
External links
Smithsonian site on Kelekian
An oil painting of Kelekian (1943) by Milton Avery at the Metropolitan Museum
Dumbarton Oaks - page on Dikran Garabed Kelekian (1868–1951)
NY Times Article - Bank to Administer Artist's Estate
(paywall) "A Gallant Era": Henry Walters, Islamic Art, and the Kelekian Connection by Marianna Shreve Simpson
1867 births
1951 deaths
American art dealers
American people of Armenian descent
Armenian American art collectors
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikran%20Kelekian |
USS Arikara (AT-98) was an Abnaki-class of fleet ocean tug. It was named after the Arikara, a loose confederacy of sub-tribes of American Indians related to the Pawnee. The Arikara inhabited villages in the Missouri River valley.
World War II Atlantic service
The Arikara was laid down on 10 January 1943 at Charleston, South Carolina, by the Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock Company; launched on 22 June 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Taylor F. McCoy; and commissioned on 5 January 1944.
On 15 January, the tug departed Charleston bound for Hampton Roads, Virginia. After arriving there on the 17th, she conducted shakedown training in Chesapeake Bay until the 26th. Following a post-shakedown repair period in the Norfolk Navy Yard, she stood out of the bay and shaped a northerly course. After stopping briefly at New York, Arikara moved on to Casco Bay, Maine, where she operated between 10 February and 2 March towing targets and participating in antisubmarine warfare training. She returned to New York on 4 March and began preparations for service overseas. Towing barges, the tug put to sea on 25 March as part of Task Force (TF) 67 bound for the British Isles. She reached Falmouth, England, on 20 April and, after delivering the barges, reported for duty with the 12th Fleet.
On the 24th, Arikara moved to Lee-on-the-Solent to join the British tug fleet in preparing for the invasion of Europe. During the remainder of April and all of May, she towed to dispersal points on the southeastern coast of England portions of the two "mulberries," artificial harbors to be erected on the French coast after the initial assault to provide logistical support for the movement of all Allied armies inland. On 15 May 1944, she was reclassified a fleet tug and redesignated ATF-98. Throughout the period leading up to the invasion, Arikara helped to repel German air attacks; and, though near misses shook her considerably, she suffered neither hits nor significant damage from shell fragments.
Operation Overlord
On the afternoon of 5 June, the tug stood out of Weymouth, England, on her way to the sector of the Normandy coast code-named by Allied planners as "Omaha Beach". After the first waves of assault troops stormed ashore, the tug began her primary assignment, clearing wrecks from the beach area reserved for the erection of the artificial harbors. Soon, however, German fire began to take such a heavy toll of landing craft that Arikara had to abandon salvage operations in favor of the even more urgent work of rescue and repair. Her work enabled the less heavily damaged landing craft to remain in action, thus maintaining the flow of troops and supplies during the critical phase of the assault on "Omaha" Beach.
That phase past, the tug resumed salvage and towing work on the 7th. In all, she spent almost a month supporting the consolidation of the Normandy invasion. Though she came under air attacks and fire from shore batteries, her only major damage came from the explosion of a nearby mine while she was towing the disabled French destroyer La Surprise back to England for repairs. Her main engine room rapidly took on water which rose to within six inches of her main electric motor before her crew managed to check the leaks. Arikara completed her mission successfully, and, after 24 hours of feverish activity, her crew had her repaired and back in action off Normandy.
Mediterranean service
Early in July, Arikara and received orders to return to England. From there, the two tugs set out on 12 July in a convoy bound for the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. Her convoy arrived at Oran, Algeria, on the 21st; but Arikara remained there only until the end of the month. She headed for Italy on 1 August, reached Naples on the 3d, and joined Rear Admiral Spencer S. Lewis' TF 87, code-named "Camel" Force, for the mid-August invasion of southern France. Staged through Ajaccio, Corsica, Arikara's unit, the force's salvage and fire-fighting group, arrived off St. Raphael on the Mediterranean coast of France on the morning of 15 August, the day of the assault. For more than a fortnight, the tug remained in the transport area, salvaging damaged ships and landing craft, fighting fires, and keeping the approaches to the beach clear of wrecks. On 2 September, she moved to the Gulf of San Tropez, France, and began clearing wreckage from French Riviera ports. She also towed ships to Palermo, Sicily, where they underwent repairs. In addition, she made towing voyages to Naples, Marseilles, Bizerte, and Oran.
Transfer to Pacific
Late in October at the latter port, Arikara joined a convoy bound for the United States and headed home. She arrived in Norfolk on 7 November and remained in that vicinity into December. Late in that month, she voyaged to Trinidad where she took YFD-6 in tow before continuing on to the Panama Canal. Arikara reached the Canal Zone on 3 January 1945, transited the canal, and delivered her tow at Cristóbal on the 5th. The following day, she and Bannock (ATF-81) got underway for Hawaii. The tug entered Pearl Harbor later in January but remained there only until resuming her westward voyage on 4 February, bound ultimately for the Ryukyu Islands. After stops at Eniwetok and Guam, she reached Ulithi Atoll, in the Carolines, on 17 March. There, she reported for duty with Service Squadron (ServRon) 10 and began preparations for the conquest of Okinawa.
Ten days later, she departed Ulithi as part of Task Group (TG) 50.8, the 5th Fleet Logistics Support Group, and headed for the Ryukyu Islands. To begin the campaign, during the last week in March, American forces took Kerama Retto, a small group of islands about 15 miles west of southern Okinawa. Then, on 1 April, the main assault force landed on Okinawa proper. Arikara spent the next 11 weeks based at Kerama Retto assisting ships and craft damaged in the struggle for Okinawa. On the night of 2 April, the tug went to the assistance of after that high-speed transport had suffered a devastating suicide crash from a Kawasaki Ki-45 "Nick" twin-engine reconnaissance/ground attack aircraft. Arikara's crew managed to extinguish the fires raging on board the Dickerson, and the tug took her in tow for Kerama Retto. In spite of Arikara's efforts, Dickerson proved to be beyond economical salvage and was towed out to sea on 4 April and sunk.
Although Arikara's main mission at Okinawa was the removal and salvage of damaged landing craft, kamikaze attacks continued to add to her burdens. On 11 May, a horde of suicide planes attacked and on picket station no. 15 to the northwest of Okinawa. Arikara sped to the aid of Evans, which had sustained four suicide crashes in rapid succession. Arikara moved alongside her, put five pumps on board, made fast a hawser, and towed the destroyer into Kerama Retto for repairs.
A bit over a week later, on 17 May, — her officers and crew drained by long hours at general quarters and a night of illumination fire in support of the troops ashore — ran aground on a reef near Naha while en route to yet another call fire mission. Arikara rushed to her aid. Just when she began taking up slack on the towline, a Japanese shore battery opened up on the stranded destroyer with uncanny accuracy. The enemy artillerists straddled Longshaw immediately, and quickly scored four hits. One of the four caused a forward magazine to detonate blowing off the bow forward of the bridge. With Longshaw a total loss, Arikara parted the towline and moved off to see to her own defense and to rescue survivors. Longshaw was later destroyed by "friendly" gunfire and torpedoes.
Arikara performed salvage work in the Ryūkyūs well into June. On the 19th of that month, she took kamikaze-damaged Evans in tow and set course for the Marianas. The tug arrived at Saipan on 25 June and remained there until 11 July. From Saipan, she sailed to Leyte where she stayed through 18 August when she got underway for Japan. The tug stopped at Okinawa before proceeding on to Kyushu. She returned to Okinawa briefly in September and then continued on to the Philippines. On 9 October, while still en route to Leyte, the ship weathered a severe typhoon. After reaching Subic Bay, she underwent repairs until getting underway late in November for China. Upon reaching Tsingtao, Arikara began towing and salvage work in support of occupation forces.
Late in February 1946, Arikara left China to resume operations in the eastern and Central Pacific. During the next few years, her towing and salvage operations took her to such varied locales as the Panama Canal Zone, the west coast of the United States, Hawaii, Okinawa, and the Marianas.
Korean War Service
In January 1950, the tug resumed occupation duty upon her arrival at Yokosuka and, for the next five months, provided towing and salvage services in Japan. However, on 25 June 1950, North Korean forces surged south across the 38th parallel into South Korea. Thus, Arikara entered her second war. She was assigned to TF 90, the Amphibious Force, Far East. Due to the skeletal nature of American naval forces in Oriental waters, her assignments early in July consisted of the unlikely duty of escorting shipping between Japan and Korea until an escort group of more suitable warships could be assembled. The tug also served as a communications ship and landing control vessel during amphibious operations at Pusan on the southeastern tip of the Korean peninsula. In addition, she performed her familiar salvage and rescue operations.
After completing her initial missions at Pusan and between that port and Japan, Arikara moved to other areas of the Korean peninsula. On 5 September, she departed Yokosuka with Task Unit (TU) 90.04.3, the Pontoon Movement Unit, on her way to Inchon on the western coast of Korea. The tug supported the amphibious assault at Inchon from mid-September to mid-October, before heading, on the 16th of the latter month, for Wonsan on the northeastern coast of Korea. The 20 October amphibious assault on Wonsan, mooted by the arrival of rapidly advancing Republic of Korea (ROK) ground forces, was transformed into an enormous reinforcement and logistical support operation. Arikara spent about a month at Wonsan helping to clear the harbor and to increase its efficiency.
During the latter part of November, she completed upkeep at Sasebo. Towing and salvage operations in Japanese waters occupied her during December 1950 and early January 1951. Then, on 12 January, the tug shaped a course back to the United States. Voyaging by way of the Marianas and Hawaii, she arrived in Long Beach, California, in March. By the beginning of April, Arikara was at Bremerton, Washington, undergoing repairs; and she remained there until heading back to Hawaii on 11 June. For the remainder of 1951, she operated out of Pearl Harbor making only two voyages to destinations outside the Hawaiian operating area. In July, the ship towed an AFDB to Guam; in August, she returned to Pearl Harbor; and, in October and November, she made a round-trip voyage to Subic Bay in the Philippines.
On 3 January 1952, Arikara departed Pearl Harbor to deploy again to the western Pacific. By the end of the month, she was back in the Korean combat zone. During that tour of duty in the Far East, the tug served once more at Wonsan, as well as at Cho Do and Pusan, and stayed in the waters between Japan and Korea until the beginning of August. That fall, Arikara moved to the Marshall Islands to support Operation Ivy, a nuclear bomb test conducted at Eniwetok Atoll in November 1952. Although the conflict lasted into the summer of 1953, the tug saw no additional service in the Korean combat zone.
By the time that an armistice ended hostilities in Korea on 27 July 1953, Arikara had already settled into a schedule of operations out of Pearl Harbor that included towing missions from Hawaii to Johnston and Kanton Island islands and duty in the Aleutians. In the fall of 1954, the tug began peacetime deployments to the Far East and, for the remainder of her Navy career, she alternated between assignments in the western Pacific with the 7th Fleet and operations out of her home port, Pearl Harbor. During the first 12 years of that period, the tug's Far Eastern itinerary included mostly Japanese, Korean, and Philippine ports of call while her operations out of Pearl Harbor took her to the waters off the coast of Alaska and surrounding the Aleutians, as well as to islands in the Central Pacific.
Vietnam Service, transfer to Chile and fate
Late in 1964, American involvement in the conflict in South Vietnam increased dramatically. As a consequence, Arikara began to visit the Vietnamese coast more frequently. By the fall of 1966, the tug found herself calling at such places as Vũng Tàu and Da Nang to provide towing and other support services for Navy units engaged in fighting communist insurgency and North Vietnamese aggression in South Vietnam. Her deployments to Asian waters along with the concomitant service in Vietnam continued into 1970.
Late in February of that year, Arikara returned to Pearl Harbor from her final tour of duty with the 7th Fleet. She served actively in the Hawaiian Islands and in Alaskan waters for another 16 months. On 1 July 1971, the tug was decommissioned and simultaneously transferred to Chile as a loan under the military assistance program. She was commissioned in the Chilean Navy as Aldea (ATF-63). She was decommissioned by the Chilean Navy on 14 August 1992 and later sunk as a target.
Arikara earned three battle stars during World War II, five battle stars during the Korean War, and three battle stars for service in the Vietnam War.
References
External links
NavSource Online: AT-98 / ATF-98 Arikara
Arikara crew site
Abnaki-class tugs
Ships built in Charleston, South Carolina
1943 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Korean War auxiliary ships of the United States
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States
Vietnam War auxiliary ships of the United States
Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Chilean Navy
Abnaki-class tugs of the Chilean Navy
Ships sunk as targets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Arikara |
Balneum is a monotypic genus of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae; the single species Balneum bivittatum Piza, 1967 is found in E. Brasil.
References
Phaneropterinae
Tettigoniidae genera
Monotypic Orthoptera genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balneum |
Yuryevets () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
Urban localities
Yuryevets, Ivanovo Oblast, a town in Yuryevetsky District of Ivanovo Oblast
Rural localities
Yuryevets, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement in Babino Selsoviet under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of oblast significance of Dzerzhinsk in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Yuryevets, Pavlovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Varezhsky Selsoviet of Pavlovsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Yuryevets, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Opechenskoye Settlement of Borovichsky District in Novgorod Oblast
Yuryevets, Vologda Oblast, a village in Domozerovsky Selsoviet of Cherepovetsky District in Vologda Oblast
Abolished inhabited localities
Yuryevets, Vladimir Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Vladimir Oblast; since 2006—a part of the city of Vladimir | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuryevets |
Fabianite is a borate mineral with the chemical formula CaB3O5(OH). It is colorless and leaves a white streak. Its crystals are monoclinic prismatic. It is transparent and fluorescent. It has vitreous luster. It is not radioactive. Fabianite is rated 6 on the Mohs Scale. It was named for Hans-Joachim Fabian, a German geologist.
See also
List of minerals
References
Webmineral Entry
Mineral Handbook
Calcium minerals
Phylloborates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianite |
No. 201 Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force experimental electronic intelligence flight of World War II. The flight was formed in March 1945 but the first of its modified B-24 Liberator heavy bombers was not ready until July that year. As a result, while a detachment of the unit was deployed to Darwin in the Northern Territory No. 201 Flight did not conduct any operational missions before the end of the war. Following the Japanese surrender some consideration was given to retaining the flight as part of the RAAF, but it instead ceased to function in December 1945 and was disbanded in March 1946.
History
No. 201 Flight was formed at RAAF Station Laverton on 10 March 1945 as radio and radar experimentation unit. Its specific role was to use modified B-24 Liberator heavy bombers to determine the characteristics of Japanese radar stations so that they could be effectively attacked by Allied aircraft. These tasks were considered to be highly important and secret by the RAAF, and few people outside of No. 201 Flight knew that the unit existed. In order to further protect secrecy the flight's personnel were not briefed on the purpose of the unit and its aircraft beyond their individual responsibilities.
At the time it was formed No. 201 Flight was not issued with any aircraft. Its first two B-24s arrived on 5 and 27 April respectively and were transferred to No. 1 Aircraft Performance Unit (1 APU) to be modified for their specialised role. The main elements of these modifications were the removal of the ball turret and the addition of a radar scanning dome and fully enclosed radar operator's cabin. The aircraft were also fitted with an AN/APR-1 radar intercept receiver though it was hoped to replace these with AN/APR-4 sets. It took longer than expected to complete these modifications, and the first aircraft wasn't returned to No. 201 Flight until mid-July and the second aircraft was completed in either August or September. A third B-24 was also issued to the flight in August and a fourth aircraft joined it sometime afterwards.
A detachment of about 100 No. 201 personnel were transferred to Darwin in the Northern Territory to prepare for operations while the rest of the unit remained at Ascot Vale until the B-24s were ready. The deployment of these aircraft was further delayed by bad weather at Melbourne which disrupted No. 201 Flight's training program, however. Two modified B-24s had reached Darwin by the time the war ended in mid-August, but the flight had not been able to conduct any operational missions by this time.
In September No. 201 Flight's commanding officer, Wing Commander C.S. Davies, was informed by RAAF Headquarters that there were tentative plans to retain the unit at Laverton as part of the post-war RAAF. The Ascot Vale element of the flight moved to Laverton on 9 October, and the Darwin detachment arrived there on the 16th of the month. No. 201 Flight conducted some test flights during November but it was ultimately decided to disband the unit. The flight ceased to function on 17 December and was disbanded on 15 March 1946.
See also
B-24 Liberators in Australian service
References
Notes
Bibliography
201
Military units and formations established in 1945
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
1946 disestablishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%20201%20Flight%20RAAF |
Mediation of the Chadian-Sudanese conflict began shortly after the government of Chad declared an "état de belligérance", or 'state of belligerency' with Sudan. on December 23, 2005. The BBC translated "belligérance" as "war".
The Chadian government called for the citizens of Chad to mobilize themselves against the "common enemy", referring to militant members of the Rally for Democracy and Liberty and Platform for Change, Unity and Democracy (SCUD) rebel groups — Chadian rebels, allegedly backed by the Sudanese government — and Sudanese Janjaweed militiamen who have crossed over from Sudan while pursuing Fur refugees. The RDL denied they were receiving support from the Sudanese government. Between December 26 and December 28 RDL and SCUD joined with six other rebel groups to form the United Front for Democratic Change rebel alliance, led by Mohammed Nour.
Sudan
"We are very surprised by this. All the channels of communications are open between our two countries. We don't know why they are moving out of the bilateral relations to make these ... threatening statements. We will not let anyone use Sudanese soil to launch attacks against a neighbouring country," said Sudanese State Minister of Foreign Affairs Al-Samani Wasiylah.
Sudan has suggested that the two countries use joint border patrols, just as they previously did in 2003 to prevent attacks from Chad by Fur rebel groups into Sudan, to prevent future attacks, but Chad has thus far refused. Déby accuses Sudan of stationing 50 armored vehicles in the Sudanese town of Geneina near the Chad-Sudan border to launch further attacks into Chad.
On January 19, Sudanese authorities arrested Abdelwahit About, the former head of FIDEL and current commander within FUC, along with 19-20 other rebels depending on reports, after About gave an interview on Sudanese radio stating that he was in Khartoum and that FUC has friendly ties with the Sudanese government.
"I think he was arrested because he had given an interview with a journalist and they discovered he was in Khartoum," RDL spokesman Abdel Karim said. Karim also stated that FUC requests a meeting with the AU. The AU did not comment.
African Union
The AU has sent delegates to both nations. The delegation to Sudan is headed by Baba Gana Kingibe. The Chadian Foreign Ministry told the Sudanese ambassador to Chad to "cease all aggression against Chad."
On December 30 Nigerian President and then African Union chairman Olusegun Obasanjo suggested a five-way, one-day summit grouping the leaders of Egypt, Libya, Chad, Sudan and Nigeria to solve the conflict and Egypt proposed the location and date of the summit as Tripoli on January 4, 2006, but this summit has been postponed. The meeting would have discussed the AU committee report on the differences between Chad's account of the attack on Adré and Sudan's.
United Nations
The United Nations Security Council issued a statement condemning the attacks on Adré and supporting the mediation of the African Union, "It [United Nations Security Council] firmly condemned, in that context, recent attacks perpetrated by armed elements within Chad and, in particular, the attack on 19 December on positions of the Chadian national army in the town of Adré, and supported efforts to reduce tensions on the border... The Security Council also appeals to donors to continue both supporting the crucial work of AMIS in stemming the violence in this suffering region and providing critical humanitarian assistance to millions of war-afflicted civilians in Darfur and across the border in Chad.".
Keith McKenzie, UNICEF's special representative to Darfur, told reporters that "Darfur is complicated enough without the Chadians getting involved."
Almost 200 United Nations aid workers left two humanitarian bases in Guereda in eastern Chad on 2006-01-22, after a meeting between UN officials and local government officials who were being briefed on the status of the 200,000 Sudanese refugees in Chad was forcibly ended by up to 100 armed men of unknown, but most likely Janjaweed, affiliation. Five Chadian government officials including the top government official of Guereda and the head of the local branch of the military police were kidnapped, jeeps belonging to two aid groups were stolen, and five local residents suffered gunshot wounds. One of the jeeps was later seen crossing into Sudan.
Chadian government spokesman Doumgor told reporters on January 23 that Chadian authorities did not know who was behind the latest attack, and that kidnappers have made no demands for ransom.
"We've had no contact from them at the moment, but the Chadian army is fanning out in the area to try and find them."
There will be a 20% reduction in humanitarian staff in eastern Chad with 90 UN and other aid agencies workers evacuated from Guereda and 80 workers from Iriba to regional headquarters in Abeche.
Claire Bourgeois, UNHCR deputy representative in Chad, said, "The situation is serious enough at this stage, especially when taking into account the number of security incidents in the past days... This measure is temporary. We have kept enough staff in field offices to continue delivering services to the refugees living around Guereda and Iriba. Two NGO vehicles were reported stolen in the past four days and other partners have also been victims of robbery."
Organisation of the Islamic Conference
On December 25, the Secretary General of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, called for an end to hostilities between the two nations and announced support for the African Union's attempt to mediate.
Egypt
On December 26, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit began an attempt to mediate the dispute between the two countries by speaking to Ahmad Allam-Mi and to the foreign minister of Sudan, Lam Akol. In an interview with Radio Cairo, Minister Gheit said that "Egypt is holding contacts with the United Nations in this respect as well to reach coordination with some of the regional parties and to contain the situation."
United States
Chadian Minister Allami met with US Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick on January 10. United States State Department spokesman Justin Higgins stated, "The deputy secretary underscored that the situation is very dangerous and expressed concern about displaced persons on both sides of the border. He [Zoellick] noted that the conflict between the parties runs the risk of endangering civilians, refugees, and internally displaced persons."
An anonymous State Department official said Zoellick was "firm and clear that Chad needed to work with Sudan to resolve this."
References
Chadian Civil War (2005–2010) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation%20of%20the%20Chadian%20Civil%20War%20%282005%E2%80%932010%29 |
Hans Ree (born 15 September 1944 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch chess grandmaster and writer. He is a chess columnist for NRC Handelsblad, and contributes to the chess magazines New In Chess and ChessCafe.com. His earlier publications include Een blinde reus (A Blind Giant, 1989), Rode dagen en zwarte dagen (Red Days, Black Days, 1993) and Schaakstukjes (Chess Pieces, 1993).
His more recent offering The Human Comedy Of Chess (Access Publishers Network, 2000) chronicles developments in the chess world in a humorous and occasionally acerbic manner, drawing on material from his columns and insider observations.
Having previously shared the title of European Junior Champion in 1964/65 and 1965/66, Ree won the Dutch Chess Championship in 1967, 1969, 1971 and 1982. Together with then reigning World Champion Boris Spassky, he was a winner of the Canadian Open Chess Championship in 1971, played in Vancouver. Ree became an International Master in 1968 and an International Grandmaster in 1980.
External links
1944 births
Living people
Dutch chess players
Chess grandmasters
Dutch chess writers
Sportspeople from Amsterdam | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Ree |
15th Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
14 November 2005
Best Film:
Look Both Ways
Best Foreign Film - English language:
Million Dollar Baby
The 15th Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards, given on 14 November 2005, honored the best in film for 2005.
Winners
Best Actor:
William McInnes - Look Both Ways
Best Actress:
Cate Blanchett - Little Fish
Best Australian Feature Documentary:
Rash
Best Australian Short Documentary:
Girl in a Mirror
Best Australian Short Film:
Jewboy
Best Cinematography:
The Proposition - Benoît Delhomme
Best Director:
Sarah Watt - Look Both Ways
Best Editor:
Denise Haratzis - Look Both Ways
Best Film:
Look Both Ways
Best Foreign Film – English Language:
Million Dollar Baby
Best Foreign Language Film:
Mar adentro (The Sea Inside), Spain
Best Musical Score:
The Proposition - Nick Cave and Warren Ellis
Best Screenplay - Adapted:
Three Dollars - Robert Connolly and Elliot Perlman
Best Screenplay - Original:
Look Both Ways - Sarah Watt
Best Supporting Actor:
Hugo Weaving - Little Fish
Best Supporting Actress:
Noni Hazlehurst - Little Fish
Acknowledgement of Emerging Talent:
Tim Dean (directing)
References
Film Critics Circle Of Australia
2005 in Australian cinema
Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
A | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20Critics%20Circle%20of%20Australia%20Awards%202005 |
The Sturgeon Bay Canal lighthouse is a lighthouse located at the Coast Guard station near Sturgeon Bay in Door County, Wisconsin.
Situated on the east side of the south entrance to the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, as the Sturgeon Bay Canal Lighthouse. The lighthouse originally was constructed in 1899; instability forced the addition of steel bracing in 1903. It is similar to the reinforced Devils Island Lighthouse.
There are two lighthouses at this location, the other being the Sturgeon Bay Canal North Pierhead Light.
Gallery
Notes
References
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) .
Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ; .
Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) .
External links
Door County Lighthouses, Door County Marine Museum.
Pepper, Terry, Seeing the light, Sturgeon Bay Canal Lighthouse (Archived October 24, 2021)
Lighthouse friends article
NPS Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Wisconsin (Archived October 19, 2006)
Lighthouses completed in 1899
Lighthouses in Door County, Wisconsin
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
1899 establishments in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Door County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon%20Bay%20Canal%20Light |
Boris Arsenyevich Shilkov (; 28 June 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a speed skater.
Skating career
Competing for the Soviet Union, Shilkov lived in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), where he worked as an engineer. He became Soviet Allround Champion in 1953 and made his international debut three weeks later at the World Allround Championships, where he won silver behind teammate and rival Oleg Goncharenko after having just recovered from an illness. The following year (1954) he became Soviet Allround Champion again (with Goncharenko, again, winning silver), European Allround Champion (with Goncharenko finishing 4th), and World Allround Champion (with Goncharenko taking the silver – a reversal of the roles of the year before).
In an international meet at Medeo, on 9 January 1955, Dmitry Sakunenko became the first person to skate the 5000 m below eight minutes, with 7:54.9. In a later pair Shilkov then improved this world record to 7:45.6. The following year, at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, he became Olympic Champion on the 5000 m, finishing only three seconds above his own world record.
Despite his 5000 m results, Shilkov had trouble with the 10000 m. This is illustrated by his performances at the World Allround Championships of 1953 (where he won silver), 1955 (where he won bronze), and 1957 (where he won silver): At each of these three World Championships he was in the lead after three distances, but lost too much on the final distance – the 10000 m – to win the title. His bronze medal at the World Championships of 1955 was 0.026 points behind the silver medallist (his eternal rival, Goncharenko) – a mere 0.52 seconds of difference on the 10000 m.
Medals
An overview of medals won by Shilkov at major championships, listing the years in which he won each:
Records
World record
Over the course of his career, Shilkov skated one world record:
Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the last column (WR) lists the official world records on the dates that Shilkov skated his personal records.
Shilkov was number one on the Adelskalender – the all-time allround speed skating ranking – for a total of 1,518 days, divided over three periods between 1955 and 1960. He has an Adelskalender score of 182.436 points.
Coaching career
After retiring from competitions Shilkov worked as a skating coach and functionary until 1989. He started at Trud Leningrad in 1959–62, then in 1962–64 and 1966–68 headed the national team, and spent his later years with Dynamo Leningrad. His pupils included Ants Antson, Igor Ostashov, Stanislav Selyanin and Vladimir Sveshnikov. Shilkov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1957.
References
External links
An article about Boris Shilkov (in Russian)
Legends of Soviet Sport: Boris Shilkov
Boris Shilkov's obituary
1927 births
2015 deaths
Soviet male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for the Soviet Union
Speed skaters at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Medalists at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Arkhangelsk
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Shilkov |
Michael Lee Fetters (born December 19, 1964) is an American professional baseball coach. He is currently the bullpen coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for eight teams during his 16-year career as a pitcher from to . Fetters started his playing career with the California Angels and also played for the Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Los Angeles Dodgers, Pittsburgh Pirates, the Diamondbacks, and Minnesota Twins. Fetters had his best season in when he finished fifth in the American League in saves with 32 with the Brewers. Fetters finished his career with 100 career saves.
Career
Fetters is a graduate of ʻIolani School, where he played high school baseball in the early 1980s, in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Fetters played baseball at Pepperdine University and was drafted in the first round of the 1986 Major League Draft by the California Angels. Fetters is known for his head movement while on the mound. Prior to a pitch, he took a deep breath and moved his head quickly 90 degrees to the left. He explained that being stressed during pitching was the reason for his head movement. In , teammate Mark Grace comically imitated the Fetters move when invited to pitch one Diamondbacks inning. During one game in the 2004 season, Houston Astro Craig Biggio imitated Fetters' head movement and scowl while batting against him, drawing laughter from the Houston crowd. Fetters is a cousin of American baritone Stephen Totter. he works as the Arizona Diamondbacks bullpen coach after four years as a quality control coach.
Personal life
Fetters is half-Caucasian and half-Samoan in ancestry.
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Honolulu County, Hawaii
People from Van Nuys
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Los Angeles
Baseball coaches from Hawaii
Baseball players from Hawaii
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American sportspeople of Samoan descent
American sports agents
Arizona Diamondbacks coaches
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Baltimore Orioles players
California Angels players
Edmonton Trappers players
ʻIolani School alumni
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball bullpen coaches
Major League Baseball pitchers
Midland Angels players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Minnesota Twins players
Oakland Athletics players
Palm Springs Angels players
Pepperdine Waves baseball players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Rochester Red Wings players
Salem Angels players
Tucson Sidewinders players
Tucson Toros players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Fetters |
A sand bath is a common piece of laboratory equipment made from a container filled with heated sand. It is used to evenly heat another container, most often during a chemical reaction.
A sand bath is most commonly used in conjunction with a hot plate or heating mantle. A beaker is filled with sand or metal pellets (called shot) and is placed on the plate or mantle. The reaction vessel is then partially covered by sand or pellets. The sand or shot then conducts the heat from the plate to all sides of the reaction vessel.
This technique allows a reaction vessel to be heated throughout with minimal stirring, as opposed to heating the bottom of the vessel and waiting for convection to heat the remainder, cutting down on both the duration of the reaction and the possibility of side reactions that may occur at higher temperatures.
A variation on this theme is the water bath in which the sand is replaced with water. It can be used to keep a reaction vessel at the temperature of boiling water until all water is evaporated (see Standard enthalpy change of vaporization).
Sand baths are one of the oldest known pieces of laboratory equipment, having been used by the alchemists. In Arabic alchemy, a sand bath was known as a qadr. In Latin alchemy, a sand bath was called balneum siccum, balneum cineritium, or balneum arenosum.
See also
Heat bath
Water bath
Oil bath
Notes
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20110604144037/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&entity=HistSciTech000900240229&isize=L
Laboratory equipment
Thermodynamics
Alchemical tools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%20bath |
Raleigh Climon Owens (November 12, 1934 – June 17, 2012) was an American professional football player who was an end and halfback from 1957 through 1964 in the National Football League (NFL). Owens graduated from Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica, California, and attended the College of Idaho (where his roommate and teammate was Elgin Baylor). He played amateur basketball with the Seattle-based Buchan Bakers the year after their national championship.
Owens then joined the NFL. He had his best years playing for the San Francisco 49ers, where he was noted for his "Alley Oop" receptions of quarterback Y. A. Tittle's passes. The Alley Oop was essentially a jump ball that Tittle would throw high over the end zone and Owens would catch. The tall, long-armed Owens was known for his jumping ability; he once blocked a field goal by jumping up at the cross bar and knocking it down. The next season, "goal tending" was made illegal. Owens's best year by far was 1961, when he gained over 1,000 yards receiving.
Owens played four games for the 1961-1962 San Francisco Saints of the American Basketball League.
He died on June 17, 2012.
References
History of the Buchan Bakers
Discussion of the term "alley oop" with citations of references to Owens
Yahoo Sports: former 49ers receiver, executive dies at age 78
Los Angeles Times: R.C. Owens obituary
Quirky Research: Palpably unfair acts
1934 births
2012 deaths
Amateur Athletic Union men's basketball players
American football wide receivers
Baltimore Colts players
College of Idaho Coyotes football players
College of Idaho Coyotes men's basketball players
New York Giants players
San Francisco 49ers players
San Francisco Saints players
Players of American football from Shreveport, Louisiana
Players of American football from Santa Monica, California
Basketball players from Shreveport, Louisiana
Basketball players from California
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20C.%20Owens |
The Eastern Conference is one of Major League Soccer's two conferences, along with the Western Conference.
As of 2023, the Eastern Conference contains fifteen teams. The conference has produced seventeen Supporters' Shield champions and ten MLS Cup winners in Major League Soccer's first 28 seasons. In 2000 and 2001, the conference was referred to as the Eastern Division when Major League Soccer briefly reorganized into three divisions.
2023 standings
Members
Current
Timeline
Conference lineups by year
1996–97 (5 teams)
Changes from 1995: Creation of the Major League Soccer.
1998–99 (6 teams)
Changes from 1997: New York/New Jersey MetroStars simplified their name to New York MetroStars; the Miami Fusion were added in the 1998 expansion.
2000–01 (as Eastern Division) (4 teams)
Changes from 1999: The Eastern Conference changed its name to Eastern Division with the creation of the Central Division;
the Columbus Crew and the Tampa Bay Mutiny moved to the new division.
2002–04 (5 teams)
Changes from 2001: The Eastern Division changed back its name to Eastern Conference following the contraction of the Miami Fusion and the Tampa Bay Mutiny, resulting in the disbanding of the Central Division; Chicago Fire and Columbus Crew moved in from the Central Division
2005 (6 teams)
Changes from 2004: Kansas City Wizards moved in from the Western Conference
2006 (6 teams)
Changes from 2005: The New York MetroStars were bought by Red Bull and changed their name to New York Red Bulls.
2007–09 (7 teams)
Changes from 2006: Toronto FC was added as an expansion franchise.
2010 (8 teams)
Changes from 2009: The Philadelphia Union was added as an expansion franchise.
2011 (9 teams)
Changes from 2010: The Kansas City Wizards changed their name to Sporting Kansas City; Houston Dynamo moved in from the Western Conference.
2012–14 (10 teams)
Changes from 2011: The Montreal Impact was added as an expansion franchise
2015–16 (10 teams)
Changes from 2014: New York City FC and Orlando City SC were added as expansion franchises; Sporting Kansas City and Houston Dynamo moved out to the Western Conference; Columbus Crew adds "SC" to the official team name.
2017–18 (11 teams)
Changes from 2016: Atlanta United FC was added as an expansion franchise.
2019 (12 teams)
Changes from 2018: FC Cincinnati was added as an expansion franchise.
2020 (14 teams)
Changes from 2019: Inter Miami CF was added as an expansion franchise; Nashville SC was added since the MLS is Back Tournament up to the end of the 2020 season; Chicago Fire SC was renamed Chicago Fire FC.
2021 (14 teams)
Changes from 2020: Nashville SC moved in from the Western Conference; the
Montreal Impact was renamed Club de Foot Montréal. Columbus Crew SC was briefly renamed to Columbus SC and then to Columbus Crew.
2022 (14 teams)
Changes from 2021: Charlotte FC was added as a then-unnamed expansion franchise in 2019, with its first season initially set for 2021 but delayed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nashville SC moved back to the Western Conference.
2023 (15 teams)
Changes from 2022: Nashville SC was moved back to the Eastern Conference as expansion side St. Louis City SC was added to the Western Conference.
Eastern Conference playoff champions by year
Note: The conference finals were a best-of-three series through 2001 (including the MLS semifinals in 2000 and 2001, when a conference playoff format was not used). Matches tied after regulation were decided by a shoot-out. In 2002, a similar format was used except that draws were allowed and the team earning the most points advanced. From 2003 through 2011, the Finals were a single match. Matches tied after regulation moved to extra time (Golden goal extra time was implemented for 2003 only), then a shoot-out if necessary. Beginning in 2012, the finals were a two-match aggregate series. The away goals rule for series that finished even on aggregate was first implemented in 2014. Extra time and shoot-outs are used if necessary, although away goals did not apply in extra time. In 2019, the playoffs returned to a single match format (including the conference finals), hosted by the higher ranked team through the regular season.
W – Western Conference team.
Eastern Conference regular season champions by year
^ – MLS did not have draws until the 2000 season.
† – Miami Fusion were declared winners of the Eastern Division in 2001 after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks forced the cancellation of the rest of the regular season. The MLS Cup Playoffs began on September 20.
See also
Western Conference (MLS)
Central Division (MLS)
References
External links
Complete MLS History
Major League Soccer
Divisions of sports leagues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Conference%20%28MLS%29 |
Hadım Suleiman Pasha (; 1474–1490), also known as Suleiman Pasha al-Khadim, was an Ottoman statesman and general, who served as the governor (beylerbey) of the Rumelia Eyalet (fl. 1474) and the Anatolia Eyalet. He was later a governor of the Sanjak of Amasya (1482–90) and the Sanjak of Smederevo (1490–?). He served during the reign of Mehmed II. His epithet hadım means "eunuch" in Arabic, also used in old Osmanli language. He also led a huge
Life
Hadım Suleiman Pasha was born in Bosnia Eyalet. He was appointed the sanjak-bey of Albania during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1444–46, 1451–81). His office was brief, as contemporary sources attest that he was attacked and captured along with his retainers and servants and afterwards sold to a Catholic state (possibly Venice).
In 1474, he besieged the Venetian-held Shkodër (see Siege of Shkodër). The fortress was defended by Albanians and one Venetian called Antonio Loredano The Ottoman troops managed to damage parts of the fortress, but ultimately failed and Suleyman had to satisfy himself with his pillage he got during the siege. In December he began a march against Stephen the Great of Moldavia, who refused to pay homage to the Sultan. Suleyman was reluctant in marching against Moldavia, as his troops were exhausted from the failed siege and as winter was approaching, but he couldn't dare to question the Sultan's decision. The two met on 10 January 1475, at the Battle of Vaslui. The Ottoman forces suffered a major defeat with high casualties. However, this defeat was re-compensated during next summer when the Ottomans led by Mehmet II defeated Stephen on 17 July 1476 at Valea Albă. Occupation of Bessarabia & vital port-fortresses of Chilia/Kilija & Akkerman (Asprokastron/Cetatea Alba) took place in August 1484. [1]
In 1482, he was the governor of the Sanjak of Amasya, and then in the Sanjak of Smederevo in 1490, where he died.
References
Footnotes
Sources
Angiolello, Giovanni Maria. Historia Turchesca (Turkish History) (Romanian)
Orudj bin Adil, Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman (The Chronicles of the House of Osman) (Turkish)
Hoca Sadeddin Efendi (ed. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu), Tac al-tevarikh (Crown of Histories), vol. 3, Kültür Bakanlığı, Ankara, 1974–1979 reprint:1999.(Turkish)
Shaw, Stanford, (1976) ''History of the Ottoman Empire – Vol.1: Empire of Gazis" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge p. 68
15th-century Ottoman military personnel
15th-century Albanian people
Pashas
Eunuchs from the Ottoman Empire
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Albanian Pashas
Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman generals
Governors of the Ottoman Empire
15th-century governors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Had%C4%B1m%20Suleiman%20Pasha%20%28governor%20of%20Rumelia%29 |
Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM) was a private Australian company operating across Asia Pacific, the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The company had global capability in strategic consulting, engineering and project delivery.
Jacobs Engineering Group announced its acquisition of SKM late in 2013 for AUS$1.3 billion (approximately US$1.2 billion as of the date of purchase)
Overview
The firm had approximately 7,500 staff working in 47 offices around the world. This workforce represents a range of disciplines including engineers, planners, architects, economists, scientists, project managers, technicians and administrative staff. The business was wholly owned by approximately 500 staff members in a partnership arrangement.
In the fiscal year 2011–12 the firm's financial revenue was AUS$1.43 billion.
SKM's operations are divided into four broad "Business Units":
Buildings & Infrastructure
Mining & Metals
Power & Energy
Water & Environment
Various technical disciplines sit within these broad categories. For example, specialist rail and tunneling staff are based in the Infrastructure Business Unit.
An umbrella "Group" division contains teams responsible for specific project delivery skills, such as risk management, safety and economic planning.
History
The Sinclair & Knight practice was established in Sydney, Australia in 1964 by Bruce Sinclair and Jack Knight. The firm grew rapidly over the next 30 years, and in 1996 it merged with Merz Australia (A firm descended from the Merz & McLellan business begun by Charles Merz) to form Sinclair Knight Merz. A series of mergers over the following ten years saw the firm's continued expansion in size, geography and services.
Controversies
SKM faced criminal charges between 2006 and 2011 for suspected bribing of officials in Vietnam, and between 2000 and mid-2005 in the Philippines. The AFP launched its SKM complaint in July 2013 but the company was not put to trial until June 2018
Major projects
El Teniente, Chile (engineering and design)
Hume Highway, Australia (road, bridge, drainage design and environmental management)
Irrigation Modernisation Project, Victoria, Australia (engineering design and program management))
The Eden Project (structural and civil design)
Athens Olympic Stadium (structural design)
Wembley Stadium redevelopment (seating and roof design)
Gold Coast desalination plant (engineering and design)
Port upgrade, Dampier Western Australia (engineering, procurement and construction management)
The Roundhouse (London) (structural engineering and roof design)
Project Seabird – Indian naval base (planning, design, civil and construction supervision services)
Dublin Light Rail system (track, civil, structural and building design)
Australian Air Warfare Destroyer program (detail design, marine engineering, risk management, infrastructure engineering)
Albury-Wodonga Hume Freeway bypass (design)
Central Motorway Junction, Auckland, New Zealand (strategic planning and project delivery)
References
2011–12 SKM Annual Review
External links
Sinclair Knight Merz
Construction and civil engineering companies of Australia
Engineering consulting firms of Australia
Security consulting firms
Defunct companies of Australia
Consulting firms established in 1964
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1964
Australian companies established in 1964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair%20Knight%20Merz |
Benito Carbone (born 14 August 1971) is an Italian football manager and former professional player
As a player, he was played as a forward, winger or midfielder, notably playing in the Premier League with Sheffield Wednesday, Aston Villa, Bradford City, Derby County and Middlesbrough, and in Serie A for Torino, Napoli, Inter Milan and Parma. He also played for Reggina, Casertana, Ascoli, Como, Catanzaro, Vicenza and Pavia. In 2006, he spent time on loan in the A-League with Sydney FC. He also represented Italy under-21s eight times during his playing career.
Retiring in 2010, he became manager of Pavia the following season, and has gone on to manage Varese and Vallée d'Aoste, before being hired as a sports consultant by Leeds United in 2014. He has since managed Ternana, before joining Azerbaijan as assistant coach in 2020.
Club career
Torino
Carbone started his career at Torino, who discovered him at a youth tournament, while he played for A.S. Scilla Calcio, an amateur youth team of Scilla. He made his debut in Serie A with Torino on 15 January 1989 against Pisa, and played a further three games that season. In that season, Torino were relegated to Serie B, and the following season he played five games in the cadets, without scoring.
He was sent on loan to Reggina the following season, also in Serie B, where he played 31 games scored five goals. In the 1991–92 season, always in the lower division, he was loaned to Casertana (31 matches with four goals scored). The following season moved to Ascoli and disputed 28 games and scored six goals.
Carbone returned to Turin in the 1993–94 season. He made 28 appearances in the league and scored three goals. In the summer of 1994, he was purchased by Roma, but a few days later was involved in a transfer with Napoli that brought Daniel Fonseca to the Giallorossi. Carbone was valued at 7.5 billion lire. With Napoli, he played 29 games and scored four goals in the league, plus 5 games and three goals in the UEFA Cup, wearing the number 10 shirt.
Internazionale
In the summer of 1995, he transferred to Inter for 6 billion lire. In Milan, he played 31 games, scoring just two goals. He spent much of the following season, from 1996 to 1997, on the bench under Roy Hodgson.
Sheffield Wednesday
Carbone signed for English Premier League side Sheffield Wednesday for £3 million in October 1996. At Wednesday, Carbone played alongside his compatriot Paolo Di Canio; Carbone has spoken fondly of playing alongside the Italian striker. Carbone became the club's highest goalscorer for the 1998–99 season, scoring nine goals, and was voted the fans' favourite player and player of the season. After a contract dispute with Wednesday at the start of the 1999–2000 season, he was linked with a move away from the club.
Aston Villa
He joined Aston Villa for an undisclosed fee, and played for a season at Villa Park, His most memorable moment came when he scored a hat-trick against Leeds United in a 3–2 win in the FA Cup, including a spectacular long range strike from 35 yards; the day before the match, Villa manager John Gregory had refused to let the homesick Italian return to his homeland, insisting he would feel better after scoring against Leeds. This, added to his strikes against Darlington and Everton, meant he contributed five goals in Villa's cup run that season. Carbone started in the FA Cup final alongside strike partner Dion Dublin in a 1–0 loss to Chelsea in the 2000 final, with Chelsea winning the match 1–0 after a goal by Roberto Di Matteo; Carbone nearly scored when his goal bound shot was cleared off the line by Frank Leboeuf. Carbone earned an FA Cup runners-up medal.
At the start of the 2000–01 season, several clubs, including Fiorentina, Napoli, Perugia, Everton, Coventry City and Bradford City, showed an interest in Carbone's services. Carbone was especially strongly linked with a move to Fiorentina to return to Serie A, as a replacement for playmaker Rui Costa, who was linked with leaving the club.
Bradford City
Bradford City, who had just escaped relegation from the Premiership the previous season, and were aiming to establish themselves in the top flight, made the best offer to Carbone, and he joined the Yorkshire club on a free transfer. The club also signed Stan Collymore to play alongside him. Despite some disillusionment over Carbone's wages, he scored some memorable goals and endeared himself to the Valley Parade faithful. Bradford City were relegated and, although he played the start of the following season with them as well as pledging his future to them, he later moved on loan to first Derby County, where he scored once against former club Aston Villa, and then Middlesbrough, where he again scored once in the league against Aston Villa. In 2002, Bradford chairman Geoffrey Richmond informed him that the club would fold if they continued to pay his £40,000-a-week wages. Carbone revealed in later years that he did not want to be known as the man who made Bradford City fold, and he gave up £3.2 million.
Later career
Carbone left Bradford and returned to Italy with Como and played for Parma from 2003 to 2005. At Parma, Carbone revitalised his career under the leadership of Cesare Prandelli. Parma were in financial trouble and had to sell star players during the season such as Adrian Mutu, Adriano and Hidetoshi Nakata. During the 2003–04 season Carbone and Alberto Gilardino became the main two strikers at the club.
After a one-year stint with Vicenza, Carbone signed for a four-game guest contract with the Australian team Sydney FC as a potential replacement for Dwight Yorke, who was the club's previous marquee player. He capped his debut, against Adelaide United, with two assists and a goal. After his debut many believed he would be better than Yorke, but during his third guest game he pulled a hamstring muscle that sidelined him for at least seven weeks. Carbone failed to reach an agreement with Sydney for a long-term contract, ending his short-lived career with Sydney. In 2014, Carbone revealed his disappointment in the injury which ended his spell at the club and he revealed that he would one day like to return to the club as a manager.
Upon returning to Italy, Carbone joined northern side Pavia in August 2007, where he was appointed captain. In his first season back in the lower leagues, Carbone scored five goals in 29 appearances, as Pavia finished fourth from bottom. In total, he scored 31 goals in all competitions for the club, and his goals helped Pavia avoid relegation.
Carbone was often accused of being a mercenary, due to his frequently transferring between clubs. He was, however, very popular with the fans of his clubs, particularly at Sheffield Wednesday and Bradford City. He also waived much of the money owed to him — approximately £3.32 million — after he had moved to Como, which helped them survive going into administration in 2002.
International career
Carbone was never capped for Italy at senior level, although he represented the Under-18 side in 1989, scoring four goals in seven appearances, and he made eight appearances with the Under-21 side between 1989 and 1994, scoring three goals; he was a member of the team that won the 1994 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, notably scoring the decisive penalty in the semi-final shoot-out against hosts France. In total he made 15 appearances for the Italian youth squads, scoring seven goals.
Managerial career
Pavia
After his retirement, Carbone accepted to stay at Pavia as youth coach, guiding the Berretti under-19 team. In March 2011, he was then promoted as head coach to replace Gianluca Andrissi. He guided Pavia to a safe place in the 2010–11 Lega Pro Prima Divisione standings, leading the club out of the relegation zone in his two months in charge of the first team. At Pavia, Carbone was given the nickname 'Harry Potter' with Pavia fans believing Carbone had worked 'magic' both as a player and Manager to help them avoid relegation.
Varese
After impressing as Pavia manager, On 16 June 2011 he was surprisingly announced as new head coach of Serie B club Varese, replacing local hero Giuseppe Sannino, who left to become new boss of Serie A club Siena, after guiding the club from Lega Pro Seconda Divisione to a spot in the promotion playoffs during his last season in charge. Joining Carbone as part of Carbone's management team at Varese was ex-Internazionale player Mauro Milanese, who joined the club as Sporting Director.
On 1 October 2011, he was sacked and replaced by Rolando Maran.
Saint-Christophe Vallée d'Aoste
After being sacked by Varese, on 29 October 2012, he was installed as the new coach of Saint-Christophe Vallée d'Aoste in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione in place of the sacked Giovanni Zichella. Saint-Christophe Vallée d'Aoste were bottom of the table before Carbone took charge, and he led them up the table. Carbone eventually resigned as Saint-Christophe Vallée d'Aoste Head Coach due to restrictions placed upon him.
Pursuing a career in England
After leaving Saint-Christophe Vallée d'Aoste, Carbone, who was a highly rated young manager, revealed he had turned down three to four job offers to manage in Italy, due to him wanting to pursue a management career in England. Carbone had also revealed that current Italy national football team manager Cesare Prandelli had endorsed Carbone to become a top manager.
After being linked with the managerial vacancy at Sheffield Wednesday in December 2013, Carbone proclaimed that he wanted to manage the club. On 10 January 2014, Carbone appeared on Sky Sports programme The Fantasy Football Club, presented by his ex-Aston Villa teammate Paul Merson, and revealed that he was still interested in the role. However, the club appointed caretaker manager Stuart Gray as full-time manager on 25 January, after a string of impressive results.
Leeds United role
In April 2014, Massimo Cellino announced he was giving Carbone the opportunity to help rebuild the academy at Leeds United, and Carbone joined the youth team set up at Thorp Arch as a sporting director.
On 14 May 2014, Carbone announced on his official Twitter page that his job title was "Special Consultant to the board of directors for sport matters including Facilities & Academy". The club confirmed Carbone's position at the club in a statement on the club's official website on 15 May, they confirmed that Carbone "will be involved with all football matters, including both the first team and the academy". On 11 July, owner Massimo Cellino revealed Carbone would also manage Leeds' Under 21 team. Cellino announced Carbone's departure in an August 2014 press interview, citing "family reasons".
Ternana
On 14 August 2016, Carbone was appointed manager of Ternana. Hired as a replacement to Christian Panucci, he resigned in January 2017, after a negative string of results that left Ternana in second-to-last place in the league.
Crotone
On 8 December 2017, Carbone was appointed as assistant manager at Crotone.
Style of play
A quick, mobile, talented, and creative supporting forward, with an eye for goal, Carbone was known primarily for his technical skills, his use of feints, and for his ability to provide assists for team-mates as an offensive playmaker. A versatile forward, although his preferred role was that of a second striker, he was capable of playing in several positions along the front-line or in midfield, and was also deployed as a striker, as a winger, and as an attacking midfielder throughout his career. Despite his ability, he was also known to be inconsistent.
Trivia
When Carbone was at Napoli, due to his admiration for the number 10 shirt and also of his idols Diego Maradona and Roberto Baggio, Carbone had specially made shin pads for the rest of his career which featured a picture of Maradona on the left shin pad, and a picture of Baggio on the right shin pad.
On 8 July 2014, Carbone played in a team for his former club Inter Milan vs a Real Madrid Legends team for the 2014 Corazón Classic Match for charity.
Honours
Torino
Serie B: 1989–90
Aston Villa
FA Cup runner-up: 1999–2000
Italy U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 1994
References
External links
Player Profile at sydneyfc.com
1971 births
Living people
People from Bagnara Calabra
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's under-21 international footballers
LFA Reggio Calabria players
Casertana FC players
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
SSC Napoli players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Torino FC players
LR Vicenza players
Inter Milan players
Premier League players
Sydney FC players
A-League Men players
AC Pavia 1911 SSD players
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
Serie A players
Serie B players
Footballers from the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
US Catanzaro 1929 players
Como 1907 players
Italian football managers
SSD Varese Calcio managers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia
Men's association football forwards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito%20Carbone |
Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a clinical syndrome, the hallmark symptom of which is a sensation of suffocation despite a clear airway. This syndrome is often referred to as a form of secondary atrophic rhinitis. ENS is a potential complication of nasal turbinate surgery or injury. Patients have usually undergone a turbinectomy (removal or reduction of structures inside the nose called turbinates) or other surgical procedures that injure the nasal turbinates.
ENS patients may experience a range of symptoms. Commonly reported are feelings of nasal obstruction, nasal dryness and crusting, and a sensation of being unable to breathe.
The overall incidence of ENS is unknown due to the small body of epidemiological study and the lack of a dedicated International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) code, which would allow incidence reporting of the syndrome. In a 2019 study in the Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America journal, study lead Jason Talmadge, MD posited that "many cases likely go unrecognized or underdiagnosed, and therefore unreported."
The condition is caused by injury to the nasal turbinates, particularly with nasal procedures. This includes both minor procedures as well as total turbinate resection. It is usually observed in patients with unobstructed nasal passages following surgical intervention who report sensations of suffocation or obstruction following recovery. Early literature attributed ENS to complete turbinate resection, but later research demonstrated the syndrome in patients who had undergone a range of procedures that involved nasal turbinates.
The syndrome's existence as a distinct medical condition is controversial, with adoption by a growing body of ear, nose and throat (ENT) practitioners and plastic surgeons. ENS is not fully understood and practitioner knowledge about altered nasal breathing in turbinate surgeries varies. Understanding why some patients exhibit ENS symptoms while others do not and incorrectly attributing symptoms to psychological causes such as anxiety are common reasons ENS patients do not receive care. ENS as a distinct condition is subject to debate, including whether it should be considered solely rhinologic or whether it may have neurological or psychosomatic aspects. Growing awareness of the syndrome and an increasing body of research has led to more acceptance by ENT practitioners.
Signs and symptoms
The major symptoms of ENS include a sensation of suffocation, nasal dryness, nasal burning, nasal crusting, and an impaired sense of airflow through the nose in patients who have had surgery or injury to nasal turbinates. ENS can greatly reduce a patient's quality of life and many patients struggle to complete activities of daily living. While ENS is physical in its origin, many ENS patients also struggle with depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Individuals with ENS may experience all or some of these symptoms.
A limited study of ENS patients found that ENS is associated with hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) in 77.3% of the study population. The study suggests that there could be an epidemiological link between ENS and HVS. Further studies are required to confirm these results. The authors hypothesize that the link between ENS and HVS could be explained by the nasal injury that occurs to the turbinates that alters the respiratory control system.
A 2023 study found that ENS patients scored significantly higher on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale than control groups, and that severity of ENS symptoms correlated with severity of sleepiness. Sleep apnea was found to correlate with severity of ENS symptoms and high BMI in a 2022 study.
Cause
The cause of ENS is due to the body not accepting the new airflow in the nasal passages following surgical procedures. The nose is an incredibly complex area of the body and one that has been very poorly researched in terms of the effects on aerodynamics from surgical procedures. In many patients with ENS, the airflow is modeled as being more turbulent with less laminar flow across the mucosa. This change in airflow leads to an imbalance of / levels in the body, which will show hyperventilation-like symptoms in patients. This reduced amount of mucus in the nose can also be attributed to the change in airflow often resulting in dry cool air hitting the back of the patient's throat.
One possible cause may be changes to the nasal mucous membrane and to the nerve endings in the mucosa resulting from chronic changes to the temperature and humidity of the air flowing inside the nose, caused in turn by removal or reduction of the turbinates. Direct damage to the nerves may be a result of surgical intervention; however, as of 2015, there is no technology that allows the mapping of the sensory nerves within the nose, so it is difficult to determine whether this is causative of ENS. Investigators have been unable to identify consistent diagnostic or precipitating features, psychological causes leading to a psychosomatic condition have been proposed.
There seems to be a relation between reduced levels of nasal nitric oxide and depression/anxiety symptoms in ENS patients. Both have been shown to be reversible via implantation surgery.
It has been proposed, that the airflow in ENS patients is changed so that most of the air flows through the middle meatus, compared to most of the air flowing through the inferior meatus in healthy individuals. This can be corrected via inferior meatus augmentation (IMAP surgery).
Diagnosis
No consensus criteria exist for the diagnosis of ENS and many ENTs will wait a year before diagnosing in hopes the patient accepts the new airflow; it is typically diagnosed by ruling out other conditions, with ENS remaining the likely diagnosis if the signs and symptoms are present. A "cotton test" has been proposed, in which moist cotton is held where a turbinate should be or in various locations in the nasal passages, to see if it provides relief and an airflow pattern that allows for natural breathing; while this has not been validated nor is it widely accepted, it may be useful to identify which people may benefit from surgery.
As of 2015, protocols for using rhinomanometry to diagnose ENS and measure response to surgery were under development, as was a standardized clinical instrument (a well defined and validated questionnaire) to obtain more useful reporting of symptoms.
A validated ENS-specific, 6-item questionnaire called the Empty Nose Syndrome 6-item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) was developed as an adjunct to the standard Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22). The ENS6Q is the first validated, specific, adjunct questionnaire to the SNOT-22. It can more reliably identify patients suspected of ENS. The ENS6Q is gaining usage in studies on ENS.
Classification
Four types have been proposed:
ENS-IT: Inferior turbinate (IT) was fully or partially resected
ENS-MT: Middle turbinate (MT) was fully or partially resected
ENS-both: Both the IT and MT were both at least partially resected
ENS-type: Patient appears to have adequate turbinate tissue but suffers ENS symptoms due to damage to the mucosal surface of the turbinates.
Prevention
Attempt non surgical methods for an extended period of time prior to surgical intervention. Avoid any unnecessary nasal surgery, avoid any surgical treatment to the turbinates and septum, seek multiple consults for any nasal surgery, conduct imagery on the nasal passages prior to any surgical treatment, seek opinions from surgeons familiar with ENS. Many surgeons will tell patients that ENS is only seen in patients that have excessive turbinate reduction, but studies have shown that any surgery/procedure involving the nasal turbinates can potentially lead to ENS. For this reason it is critical that anyone planning any surgery to the nose for function or appearance should be aware of the high risk of ENS developing if the body does not accept the new airflow and exchange of gasses.
Treatment
Treatment of ENS by many ENTs is extremely limited with very marginal success rates once diagnosed. Initial treatment is similar to atrophic rhinitis, namely keeping the nasal mucosa moist with saline or oil-based lubricants and treating pain and infection as they arise; adding menthol to lubricants may be helpful in ENS, as may be use of a cool mist humidifier at home but has limited success and many ENT patients seek treatment from the few ENTs well educated in ENS surgical techniques. For people with anxiety, depression, or who are obsessed with the feeling that they can't breathe, psychiatric or psychological care may be helpful.
In some people, surgery to restore missing or reduced turbinates or various fillers that correct the airflow in the nose may be beneficial. Corrective surgical methods are experimental and limited to a few ENT practitioners worldwide.
A 2015 meta-analysis identified 128 people treated with surgery from eight studies that were useful to pool, with an age range of 18 to 64, most of whom had been experiencing ENS symptoms for many years. The most common surgical approach was creating a pocket under the mucosa and implanting material - the amount and location were based on the judgement of the surgeon. In about half the cases a filler such as noncellular dermis, a medical-grade porous high-density polyethylene, or silastic was used and in about 40% cartilage taken from the person or from a cow was used. In a few cases hyaluronic acid was injected and in a few others tricalcium phosphate was used. There were no complications caused by the surgery, although one person was over-corrected and developed chronic rhinosinusitis and two people were under-corrected. The hyaluronic acid was completely resorbed in the three people who received it at the one year follow up, and in six people some of the implant came out, but this did not affect the result as enough remained. About 21% of the people had no or marginal improvement but the rest reported significant relief of their symptoms. Since none of the studies used placebo or blinding there may be a strong placebo effect or bias in reporting.
Outcomes
Data measuring the prevalence of Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS) after turbinate surgery is limited to a few single surgeon studies with variable results. Measuring prevalence is challenging as ENS symptoms may not show up for many years after the surgery and the surgeon may no longer be following the patients. Quantifying prevalence will also depend on a valid, standardized definition.
The lack of a reliable epidemiological study or ICD-10 code makes it difficult to understand the incidence of ENS. Qualitative feedback from ENTs that treat this disease indicate that the incidence is underestimated but the condition is debilitating for those that have it.
Untreated, the condition can cause significant and long term physical and emotional distress in some people; some of the initial presentations on the condition described people who committed suicide. Research on safety and efficacy of existing treatments is limited to a handful of published studies with a small number of participants and self-reported results from specialists treating this condition.
History
As early as 1914, Dr Albert Mason reported cases of "a condition resembling atrophic rhinitis" with "a dryness of the nose and throat" following turbinectomy. Mason called the turbinates "the most important organ in the nose" and claimed they were "slaughtered and removed with discriminate abandon more than any other part of the body, with the possible exception of the prepuce."
The term "Empty Nose Syndrome" was first used by Eugene Kern and Monika Stenkvist of the Mayo Clinic in 1994. Kern and Eric Moore published a case study of 242 people with secondary atrophic rhinitis in 2001 and were the first to attribute the cause to prior sinonasal surgery in the scientific literature. Whether the condition existed or not and whether surgery was a cause, was hotly debated at Nose 2000, a meeting of the International Rhinologic Society that occurs every four years, and continued to be debated thereafter at scientific meetings and in the literature; as an example of how heated the debate became, in a 2002 textbook on nasal reconstruction techniques, two surgeons from University of Utrecht called turbinectomies a "nasal crime".
Society and culture
As of 2016, according to Spencer Payne, a doctor who studies ENS, many people with ENS symptoms commonly encounter doctors who consider their symptoms to be purely psychological; according to Subinoy Das, another doctor who studies ENS, recognition among rhinologists was growing.
People who experience ENS have formed online communities to support one another and to advocate for recognition, prevention, and treatments for ENS.
References
External links
American Rhinologic Society: Empty nose syndrome
United Kingdom National Health Service: Atrophic Rhinitis Causes
Nose disorders
Human head and neck | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty%20nose%20syndrome |
Ralf Rudolf Moeller (born Möller; ; 12 January 1959) is a German actor and former competitive bodybuilder. He is known for his roles of Brick Bardo in Cyborg, Kjartan in The Viking Sagas, the title character in the television show Conan the Adventurer, Hagen in Gladiator, Thorak in The Scorpion King, and Ulfar in Pathfinder.
Career
Moeller began bodybuilding at age 17 and was the German national champion by 1984. He is one of the tallest bodybuilding champions to date, standing at and weighing 131 kilos (288 lbs) in 1988.
He entered his movie career in 1989 with the film Cyborg. In 1992, he appeared in Universal Soldier with Dolph Lundgren and Jean-Claude Van Damme. In 1993, he played the villain Brakus opposite Phillip Rhee and Eric Roberts in Best of the Best 2.
His two biggest mainstream film roles to date are Ridley Scott's Gladiator, and 2002's The Scorpion King. Besides these two movies, he has played the leading character in The Viking Sagas, and Conan the Barbarian in the TV series Conan. The show aired in 1997–1998 with the premise that Conan, and his three sidekicks, were chosen by the god Crom to fight and vanquish the evil Hissah Zul and become king.
In both The Bad Pack (1997) and Gladiator (2000), Moeller appeared alongside fellow bodybuilder Sven-Ole Thorsen.
In 2003, he had a cameo appearance in the music video of "Maria (I Like it Loud)", by Scooter, a German techno music band.
Moeller went on to appear in El padrino (2004), sequel to The Bad Pack, once again playing Special Agent Kurt Mayers. He played Hammacher in the 2006 film Beerfest.
Filmography
Films and televisions
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
People from Recklinghausen
German bodybuilders
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
German male film actors
German male television actors
German male voice actors
Members of the Order of Merit of North Rhine-Westphalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralf%20Moeller |
The Ohlone Greenway is a pedestrian and bicycle path in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The path is named for the Native American Ohlone, who live in the area.
Route
The Greenway begins in Berkeley at the east end of Ohlone Park located at Martin Luther King Jr. Way and Hearst Avenue. From there, it runs westward to the west end of the park at Sacramento and Delaware. In the segment around the North Berkeley BART Station (one block west on Delaware to Acton, then one block north on Acton to Virginia), the bike path becomes a street-running bike lane.
At Virginia, the path resumes its own dedicated course just northwest of the North Berkeley BART station and runs northwestward through the cities of Albany, and El Cerrito. It terminates at San Pablo Avenue at Baxter Creek Gateway Park in Richmond at the eastern end of the Richmond Greenway.
History
For most of its length, the Ohlone Greenway runs along what was formerly a railroad right of way, and alongside the elevated tracks of the BART Richmond line. For most of this stretch, the Greenway is divided into two paths, one for pedestrians, the other for bicyclists. The segment from the North Berkeley BART station to Rose Street in north Berkeley was formerly the right of way of the Key System's "G" Westbrae line. The segment from Rose to just north of the El Cerrito del Norte BART station was formerly the right of way of the Santa Fe Railroad (and originally, of the California and Nevada Railroad). BART began revenue operation along the elevated tracks on January 29, 1973 and the last Santa Fe run over the route was on May 12, 1979, meaning it was possible to see both a BART train and a Santa Fe freight train alongside each other (the BART train above on the overhead elevated tracks) in the right of way which became the Ohlone Greenway. The "linear park" was constructed in conjunction with BART, and received federal funds for landscaping and beautification.
In late 2006, a portion of what will eventually become a branch of the Ohlone Greenway in Berkeley south to University Avenue using another segment of the old Santa Fe right-of-way was opened between University and Delaware. In November 2007, the City of Berkeley approved the use of the old Santa Fe right-of-way south of University, extending the Ohlone Greenway branch about two blocks to Strawberry Creek Park. The last segment between Cedar Rose Park and Delaware remained an undeveloped dirt right-of-way blocked by a fence at Cedar until late 2010 when construction began to close this gap. It was opened in late 2012.
Portions of the Greenway were closed to the public from 2011 to 2014, due to a seismic retrofit project to strengthen the elevated BART tracks. The project was completed in January 2014.
The link extending the Greenway west from the terminus at Baxter Creek to unite with the new Richmond Greenway, which runs along the abandoned former Santa Fe Railroad right of way to Point Richmond, was completed in 2018.
See also
Rail trail
References
External links
Nearby Hiking Trails in Alameda County - Berkeley Wiki
Photo of BART & Santa Fe trains, May 12, 1979, along future Ohlone Greenway
Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bike paths in the San Francisco Bay Area
Parks in Berkeley, California
Rail trails in California
Trails in the San Francisco Bay Area
Transportation in Alameda County, California
Transportation in Contra Costa County, California
El Cerrito, California
Albany, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlone%20Greenway |
Wiseblood is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Corrosion of Conformity. It was released on October 15, 1996 by Columbia Records, the band's second and final album for the label. Its name comes from the novel Wise Blood, written by Southern Gothic author Flannery O'Connor. Metallica's lead vocalist James Hetfield provides backing vocals on "Man or Ash". The song "Drowning in a Daydream" was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 40th Grammy Awards ceremony (which went to Tool for "Ænema"). The album had sold 130,000 copies by 1999, selling less than Blind and Deliverance.
Reception
Wiseblood received a mixed-to-positive review from AllMusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine, who gave the album four stars out of five. He described Wiseblood as the "closest Corrosion of Conformity have gotten to old-school heavy metal, yet their fondness for industrial soundbites and thrash-metal keeps the group sounding contemporary." However, Erlewine stated that it "doesn't have half the hooks of its predecessor, which means it sounds great while its playing, but it disappears into the abyss once it's finished."
Despite receiving mixed reviews, Wiseblood peaked at number 104 on the Billboard 200; this was the band's highest position on the chart for 22 years, until No Cross No Crown, which peaked at number 67. It also peaked at number two on the Heatseekers chart. However, it only spent two weeks on the US Billboard 200.
One of the album's singles, "Drowning in a Daydream", peaked at number 27 on the Mainstream Rock chart.
Track listing
Japanese edition
Personnel
Corrosion of Conformity
Pepper Keenan – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Woody Weatherman – lead guitar
Mike Dean – bass guitar
Reed Mullin – drums
Additional personnel
James Hetfield – background vocals on "Man or Ash" (uncredited)
Chart positions
Album
Billboard (United States)
Singles
References
Corrosion of Conformity albums
1996 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiseblood%20%28Corrosion%20of%20Conformity%20album%29 |
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